Scott Pruitt Edward Scott Pruitt (born May 9, 1968) is an American lawyer and Republican politician from the state of Oklahoma. Scott was the 14th Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency from February 17, 2017 until his resignation on July 6, 2018. He was the Oklahoma Attorney General serving from 2011 through 2017. Pruitt was a State Senator, representing Tulsa and Wagoner counties from 1998 until 2006. On December 7, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump selected Pruitt to be his nominee as the next Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. On February 17, 2017, the Senate confirmed Pruitt's nomination, by a vote of 52-46. While critics, such as Senator Bernie Sanders, described him as a climate change denier, he believes that the climate is changing and human activity is responsible to climate change. Pruitt ran for the United States Senate in the 2022 special election to replace Senator Jim Inhofe. Early life. Pruitt was born in 1968 in Danville, Kentucky, but moved to Lexington, Kentucky when he was young. He studied at Georgetown College earning his Bachelor of Arts degree and at the University of Tulsa earning his Juris Doctor degree. Early political career. Pruitt represented Tulsa and Wagoner Counties in the Oklahoma Senate from 1998 until 2006. In 2006, Pruitt launched an unsuccessful campaign to receive the Republican nomination for Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma. Attorney General of Oklahoma (2011–2017). In 2010 Pruitt was elected Attorney General of Oklahoma. In that role, he supported religious freedom laws and fought against abortion rights, gay marriage, the Affordable Care Act, and environmental regulations as a self-described "leading advocate against the EPA’s activist agenda". On September 9, 2014, in "Pruitt v. Burwell", the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma ruled against the IRS. On December 7, 2014, The New York Times published a front-page story highlighting that Pruitt had used his office's stationery to send form letters written by energy industry lobbyists to federal agencies during public comment. In April 2015, Pruitt wrote a letter to school superintendents stating that schools can lawfully allow the dissemination of religious literature on campus. In May 2016, Attorneys General Pruitt and Luther Strange authored an op-ed in the National Review criticizing other state attorneys general for "acting like George III" regarding the ExxonMobil climate change controversy, writing "global warming has inspired one of the major policy debates of our time. That debate is far from settled. Scientists continue to disagree about the degree and extent of global warming and its connection to the actions of mankind." Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (2017 – 2018). On December 7, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump announced his plans to nominate Pruitt as the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. The nomination was reviewed during hearings held by the members of the Environment and Public Works Committee. He then passed to the full Senate for a vote. On February 17, 2017, the United States senate confirmed his nomination with a 52-46 vote. He was sworn-in the next day by Vice President Mike Pence. During his tenure, Pruitt has been accused of corruption for misusing the EPA's money for his personal gain. Many Senators and other politicians called for Pruitt's resignation. Under fire since his appointment, Pruitt resigned on July 5, 2018, leaving Andrew R. Wheeler as the acting head of the agency. 2022 U.S. Senate election. In April 2022, Pruitt announced his candidacy for the U.S. Senate in the special election to replace retiring Senator Jim Inhofe. He lost the Republican nomination in the first round of voting in June 2022. Personal life. Pruitt married Marlyn Pruitt in 1992. They have two children. Linda McMahon Linda Marie McMahon (née Edwards; born October 4, 1948) is an American professional wrestling magnate and politician. She is the 25th Administrator of the Small Business Administration serving from February 14, 2017 to April 12, 2019. McMahon was active with the WWE (WWF until 2002) from 1980 to 2009. She has been married to Vince McMahon since 1966. Early life. McMahon was born Linda Marie Edwards in New Bern, North Carolina, the daughter of Evelyn and Henry Edwards. She earned her Bachelor of Arts degree from East Carolina University. WWE business career. McMahon was active with the WWE from 1980 to 2009. During this time, the company grew from a small regional business in the North East to a large multinational corporation. As President and later CEO of the company, she created the company's civic programs, "Get REAL" and "Smackdown Your Vote". She occasionally made on-screen appearances, most notably in a wrestling "feud" with her husband which climaxed at WrestleMania X-Seven. McMahon and her husband became wealthy through WWE's success, and the McMahon family name is now synonymous with the professional wrestling industry. United States senate campaigns. In 2009, McMahon left the WWE to run as a Republican for a seat in the United States Senate from Connecticut, but lost to Democratic Party nominee Richard Blumenthal in the general election of 2010. McMahon was the Republican nominee for Connecticut's other Senate seat in the 2012 race, but lost to Democratic Representative Chris Murphy. Administrator of the Small Business Administration (2017 – 2019). On December 7, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate McMahon to be the Administrator of the Small Business Administration when he takes office. McMahon was confirmed by the full Senate on February 14, 2017, with a vote of 81-19. On March 29, 2019, it was officially made public by the Trump administration that McMahon would be stepping down as the Administrator of the Small Business Administration. The resignation took effect on April 12, 2019. On April 15, 2019, McMahon was officially named Chairman of America First Action, a pro-Trump Super PAC. Personal life. McMahon married Vince McMahon in 1966. Together they had two children: Shane and Stephanie. McMahon is a Roman Catholic. Azerbaijan State Symphony Orchestra The Hajibeyov Azerbaijan State Symphony Orchestra (Azeri: "Hacıbəyov adına Azərbaycan Dövlət Simfonik Orkestri") was formed in 1920, at the request of composer Uzeyir Hajibeyov after whom it was later named. It was one of the first orchestras in the Soviet Union. It is part of the Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Society. Composers such as Rhené-Baton and Otto Klemperer were invited from abroad to help in establishing and training the orchestra. From 1938 to 1984, Hajibeyov's nephew Niyazi was conducting the orchestra. After his death, the conducting has been performed by "People's Artist" of Azerbaijan, Professor Rauf Abdullayev. The orchestra has toured a number of countries including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Turkey, and Egypt. Diana Lynn Diana Lynn (July 5, 1926 – December 18, 1971) was an American actress of the stage, cinema and television. Early years. Lynn was born Dolores Marie Loehr on July 5, 1926, in Los Angeles, California. Her father, Louis Loehr, was an oil supply executive. Her mother, Martha Loehr, was a concert pianist. She was considered a child prodigy. She began taking piano lessons when she was 4 years old, and by the age of 12, she played with the "Los Angeles Junior Symphony Orchestra". Career. In 1939, she made her movie debut playing the piano in "They Shall Have Music". She played again, with Susanna Foster, in "There's Magic in Music", when it was decided that she had more potential than she had been allowed to show. Later, Paramount Pictures changed her name to "Diana Lynn". They began casting her in movies that allowed her to show her personality and developed her skills as an actress. As a solo pianist, she released at least one single on Capitol Records, accompanied by the Paul Weston orchestra. In 1964, Lynn had a six-month stint on Broadway, replacing Barbara Bel Geddes in "Mary, Mary". In the early 1950s, she starred with Maurice Evans in "The Wild Duck" on Broadway. Death. Before filming started on "Play It as It Lays", Lynn suffered a stroke and died on December 18, 1971. She was 45. Jason Kander Jason Kander (born May 4, 1981) is an American lawyer and Democratic Party politician. He was elected Secretary of State of Missouri in 2012, serving from January 2013 through January 9, 2017. He served as a state representative before becoming secretary of state. He was an intelligence officer in the Army National Guard, achieving the rank of Captain. Career. He was the Democratic nominee for the United States Senate, losing the 2016 Senate election to Republican incumbent Roy Blunt. On June 25, 2018, Kander announced that he will run for mayor of Kansas City in 2019 to replace term-limited incumbent Sly James. He dropped out on October 2, 2018, after revealing that he suffered from PTSD and depression. John Neely Kennedy John Neely Kennedy (born November 21, 1951) is an American politician. He is the United States Senator from Louisiana. Before becoming a senator, he was the State Treasurer of Louisiana. He is a member of the Republican Party. He served five terms as Treasurer of Louisiana. He took office in the United States Senate on January 3, 2017, after defeating Democratic candidate Foster Campbell in the Senate election runoff by over 21 percentage points. Sun of May The Sun of May ("el sol de mayo") is a national emblem of Argentina and Uruguay. It is a reference to the May revolution in Argentina, which led to that country's later independence from Spanish rule. In Uruguay it also refers to the May revolution. On 25 May 1810, the sun came out in Buenos Aires during a public gathering. This was seen as a good omen for the future success of the independence struggle. Peter van Straaten Peter van Straaten (25 March 1935 – 8 December 2016) was a Dutch cartoonist and comics artist. He was best known for his political cartoons as well as his satirical observations of everyday people. He also had a newspaper comic strip "Vader & Zoon", which ran in "Het Parool" for almost two decades. Van Straaten announced his retirement on 2 August 2016. He died four months later on 8 December in Amsterdam, at the age of 81. Alan Thicke Alan Willis Thicke (born Alan Willis Jeffery; March 1, 1947 – December 13, 2016) was a Canadian actor, songwriter, and game and talk show host. He was known for his role as Jason Seaver, the father on the ABC television series "Growing Pains." He was the father of singer Robin Thicke. Thicke died at his home in Burbank, California on December 13, 2016 from a sudden Aortic dissection, aged 69. Jewish diaspora The Jewish Diaspora was a time formally described as" the scattering of the Jews." A time after the Babylonian captivity when Jews settled in different places, eventually settling together. Shirley Hazzard Shirley Hazzard (30 January 1931 – 12 December 2016) was an Australian-born American author of fiction and non-fiction. She was born in Australia, but held citizenship of the United States. Her 1970 novel, "The Bay of Noon", was shortlisted for the Lost Man Booker Prize in 2010 and her 2003 novel "The Great Fire" won the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction. Hazzard died in New York City on 12 December 2016 from complications of dementia, aged 85. Frederick Wiseman Frederick Wiseman (born January 1, 1930) is an American filmmaker, documentarian, and theatrical director. In 2016, he was a recipient of an Academy Honorary Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Anne V. Coates Anne Voase Coates (12 December 1925 – 8 May 2018) was a British movie editor with a more than 60-year-long career. She was best known as the editor of David Lean's epic movie "Lawrence of Arabia" in 1962. Personal life. Coates was born in Surrey, England. She studied at Bartrum Gables College. Coates worked as a nurse in East Grinstead. She was married to Douglas Hickox until his death in 1988. Together, they had two sons and one daughter. Awards. Coates has been nominated five times for the Academy Award for Film Editing for the movies "Lawrence of Arabia", "Becket" (1963), "The Elephant Man" (1980), "In the Line of Fire" (1993), and "Out of Sight" (1998). She was awarded BAFTA's highest honour, a BAFTA Fellowship, in February 2007 and was given an Academy Honorary Award, which are popularly known as a Lifetime Achievement Oscar, in November 2016 by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Death. Coates died on 8 May 2018, at a retirement center in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California. David Somerset, 11th Duke of Beaufort David Robert Somerset, 11th Duke of Beaufort (23 February 1928 – 16 August 2017), known as Mr David Somerset until 1984, was a British peer. He served as a member of the House of Lords from 5 February 1984 to 11 November 1999. He was President of the British Horse Society between 1988 and 1990, and was chairman of Marlborough Fine Art. Somerset died on 16 August 2017 at his home in Badminton, Gloucestershire, South West England at the age of 89. Lester L. Wolff Lester Lionel Wolff (January 4, 1919 – May 11, 2021) was an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from New York. He served as a representative from 1973 through 1981. He was president of the International Trade and Development Agency. In 2014, Wolff received the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian award in the United States. Wolff was also the chair of the Touro College Pacific Community Institute, the author of numerous books on foreign policy, and the host of weekly PBS show "Ask Congress". Wolff died on May 11, 2021 at a hospital in Syosset, New York at the age of 102. Field hockey at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament The men's field hockey tournament at the 2012 Summer Olympics was the 22nd edition of the field hockey event for men at the Summer Olympic Games. It was held over a thirteen-day period beginning on 30 July. The medal finals were on 11 August. All games were played at the Riverbank Arena within the Olympic Park in London, United Kingdom. Defending champions Germany won the gold medal for the fourth time. They defeated the Netherlands 2–1 in the final. Australia won the bronze medal by defeating Great Britain 3–1. Fisher-Price Fisher-Price is an American company. It produces toys for children. Since 1992, the company has been owned by Mattel. The company was founded in 1930. The company has produced toys including "Barney & Friends" related products, "Dora the Explorer" products and some Disney, "Muppets" and Sesame Street products. Matchbox (brand) Matchbox is a toy brand which got started in 1953. It is now owned by Mattel. The toys were sold in boxes similar to those in which matches were sold. The brand made various toys, like action figures and toy vehicles such as model cars. In May 1992, the company was sold to Tyco Toys. Five years later, Tyco was sold to Mattel. Matchbox was originally a competitor to Hot Wheels. Die-cast toy A die-cast toy is any toy produced by the process of die casting. The toys are made of metal with plastic, glass and rubber details. The most common die-cast toys are scale models of vehicles, aircraft and trains. Hot Wheels toys are an example of die-cast cars. Early die-cast toys were made of lead. Modern toys are made of Zamak which is an alloy of zinc, aluminium, magnesium, and copper. West African Vodun Vodun (meaning "spirit" in the Fon and Ewe languages, with a nasal high-tone "u"; also spelled Vodon, Vodoun, Vodou, Voudou, Voodoo, etc.) is practiced by the Ewe people of eastern and southern Ghana, and southern and central Togo; and the Kabye people, Mina people, and Fon people of southern and central Togo, southern and central Benin. It is also practiced by some Gun people of Lagos and Ogun in southwest Nigeria. All the which belong to Gbe speaking ethnic groups of West Africa, except the Kabye. It is different from the African traditional religions in the middle of these countries and is the main source of religions with similar names found among the African Diaspora in the New World such as Haitian "Vodou"; Puerto Rican "Vodú"; Cuban "Vodú"; Dominican "Vudú"; Brazilian "Vodum"; and Louisiana "Voodoo". All of these closely related faiths are syncretized with Christianity to various degrees and with the traditional beliefs of the Kongo people and Indigenous American traditions. Caaguazú Department Caaguazú () is a department in Paraguay. The capital is the city of Coronel Oviedo. Its code is PY-05. History. In 1712, Gregorio Bazán de Pedraza founded the town of Villa de San Isidro Labrador de Curuguaty, followed by Ybytimí in 1715, San Joaquín in 1746, and Carayaó in 1770. The department was created in 1906 with the name of "Yhú"; the town of Yhú was named as the capital of the department. Other towns were Ajos (present day Coronel Oviedo), Carayaó, San Joaquín and Caaguazú. Upon territorial reorganization in 1945, it was given the name of Caaguazú. Its present limits were defined in 1973. Geography. The Caaguazú department is in middle of the "Oriental" region. It has an area of , of the area of Paraguay. Its estimated population in 2013 is 484,177 for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The "Caaguazú mountain range" crosses the department from the north to the south. The main river in the department, and of Paraguay, is the Paraguay. Climate. , the total amount of precipitation for the year 2012 in the city of Coronel Oviedo was . The month with the most precipitation was April with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation was August with . The average temperature for the year 2012 in Coronel Oviedo was . The warmest month, on average, was December with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of . Districts. The department is divided in 22 districts: Ulisseia (epic poem) Ulisseia ou Lisboa Edificada is an epic poem by Portuguese poet Gabriel Pereira de Castro. It was published by author's brother Luís Pereira de Castro in 1636. The poem is written in ottava rima (oitava rima in Portuguese). The stanza is rhymed abababcc. The poem is about discovery of Portugal by Ulysses. <poem> As Armas e o varão que os mal seguros Campos cortou do Egeu e do Oceano, Que por perigos e trabalhos duros Eternizou seu nome soberano: A grã Lisboa e seus primeiros muros (De Europa e largo Império Lusitano Alta cabeça), se eu pudesse tanto, À Pátria, ao mundo, à Eternidade canto. </poem> Combined gas law The combined gas law is a formula about ideal gases. It comes from putting together three different laws about the pressure, volume, and temperature of the gas. They explain what happens to two of the values of that gas while the third stays the same. The three laws are: The combined gas law shows how the three variables are related to each other. It says that: The formula of the combined gas law is: where: To compare the same gas with two of these cases, the law can be written as: By adding Avogadro's law to the combined gas law, we get what is called the ideal gas law. Derivation from the gas laws. Boyle's Law states that the pressure-volume product is constant: Charles's Law shows that the volume is proportional to the absolute temperature: Gay-Lussac's Law says that the pressure is proportional to the absolute temperature: where "P" is the pressure, "V" the volume and "T" the absolute temperature of an ideal gas. By combining (1) and either of (2) or (3), we can gain a new equation with "P", "V" and "T". If we divide equation (1) by temperature and multiply equation (2) by pressure we will get: As the left-hand side of both equations is the same, we arrive at which means that Substituting in Avogadro's Law yields the ideal gas equation. Physical derivation. A derivation of the combined gas law using only elementary algebra can contain surprises. For example, starting from the three empirical laws where "kV", "kP", and "kT" are the constants, one can multiply the three together to obtain Taking the square root of both sides and dividing by "T" appears to produce of the desired result However, if before applying the above procedure, one merely rearranges the terms in Boyle's Law, "kT" = "PV", then after canceling and rearranging, one obtains which is not very helpful if not misleading. A physical derivation, longer but more reliable, begins by realizing that the constant volume parameter in Gay-Lussac's law will change as the system volume changes. At constant volume, "V"1 the law might appear "P" = "k"1"T", while at constant volume "V"2 it might appear "P" = "k"2"T". Denoting this "variable constant volume" by "kV"("V"), rewrite the law as The same consideration applies to the constant in Charles's law, which may be rewritten In seeking to find "kV"("V"), one should not unthinkingly eliminate "T" between (4) and (5), since "P" is varying in the former while it is assumed constant in the latter. Rather, it should first be determined in what sense these equations are compatible with one another. To gain insight into this, recall that any two variables determine the third. Choosing "P" and "V" to be independent, we picture the "T" values forming a surface above the "PV"-plane. A definite "V"0 and "P"0 define a "T"0, a point on that surface. Substituting these values in (4) and (5), and rearranging yields Since these both describe what is happening at the same point on the surface, the two numeric expressions can be equated and rearranged Note that and are the slopes of orthogonal lines parallel to the "P"-axis/"V"-axis and through that point on the surface above the "PV" plane. The ratio of the slopes of these two lines depends only on the value of at that point. Note that the functional form of (6) did not depend on the particular point chosen. The same formula would have arisen for any other combination of P and V values. Therefore, one can write This says that each point on the surface has its own pair of orthogonal lines through it, with their slope ratio depending only on that point. Whereas (6) is a relation between specific slopes and variable values, (7) is a relation between slope functions and function variables. It holds true for any point on the surface, i.e. for any and all combinations of "P" and "V" values. To solve this equation for the function "kV"("V"), first separate the variables, "V" on the left and "P" on the right. Choose any pressure "P"1. The right side evaluates to some arbitrary value, call it "k"arb. This particular equation must now hold true, not just for one value of "V", but for all values of "V". The only definition of "kV"("V") that guarantees this for all "V" and arbitrary "k"arb is which may be verified by substitution in (8). Finally, substituting (9) in Gay-Lussac's law (4) and rearranging produces the combined gas law Note that while Boyle's law was not used in this derivation, it is easily deduced from the result. Generally, any two of the three starting laws are all that is needed in this type of derivation – all starting pairs lead to the same combined gas law. Applications. The combined gas law can be used to explain the mechanics where pressure, temperature, and volume are affected. For example: air conditioners, refrigerators and the formation of clouds and also use in fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. Kevin Shinick Kevin Shinick (19 March, 1969, Merrick, New York) is a voice actor, screenwriter and producer. He won an Emmy Award in 2010 for Outstanding Short-Format Animated Program for "Robot Chicken". Shenick is the creator, voice actor and producer of the comedy series Mad (TV series). He was also a writer for Robot Chicken. Bill English Sir Simon William "Bill" English (born 30 December 1961) is a New Zealand politician. He was the 39th Prime Minister of New Zealand from 2016 to 2017 and the leader of the National Party. He was previously Deputy Prime Minister from 2008 to 2016. At the 2017 general election, National won the largest share of the party vote (44.4%) and the largest number of seats (56) in the House Representatives. However, National lacked enough seats to govern alone due to two of the party's support partners, the Māori Party and United Future, losing their parliamentary seats. In response, English announced that the party would be entering into talks to form a coalition with New Zealand First. However, on 19 October 2017, Jacinda Ardern became the next Prime Minister after Winston Peters announced he would enter a coalition government with Labour. Big data Big data is a term used for certain database systems. It is used for a number of technologies which help to organize, gather and analyse data. At least some of the following characteristics apply: Use. Big data is used to analyse different subjects. Through the analysis, new information can be gained. Bigger amounts of data make it easier to find reliable information. It is used in many different areas, such as government, health care, insurance, media, advertisement and information technology. Origin. The data is gathered among other things through: Critique. Big data has been criticised for different reasons. One prominent criticism is the increasing surveillance to gather data, which takes place in many new forms. Edward Snowden has revealed how the American National Security Agency (NSA) uses digital technology to spy on people around the world. Another prominent criticisms is data privacy, which is about the risk of sensitive personal data leaking because it is not protected well enough. A more fundamental critique of big data is just because it is bigger, it is not automatically better. The quality of the data still has to be controlled. It also says that data analysis can only ask "what" is happening, but not "why" it is happening. European Women's Handball Championship The European Women's Handball Championship is the official competition for the women's national handball teams of Europe. It takes place every two years. In addition to crowning the European champions, the tournament is also a qualifying tournament for the Olympic Games and World Championship. As of December 2014, the only teams that have ever won the championship are Norway (six times), Denmark (three times), Hungary and Montenegro (once). Denmark has hosted the most European Championships for three times, in 2010 Denmark was co-host with Norway. Thirunallar Saniswaran temple Tirunallar Dharbaranyeswarar Temple or Dharbaranyeswarar Temple is a famous Hindu temple that is dedicated to Lord Shani or Lord Saturn. It is located in Thirunallar of Karaikal district in Puducherry Union territory, India. The another name of this temple is Dharbaranyeshwarar Temple.The main deity of the temple is Lord Shiva (Lord Dharbaranyeshwarar). The temple and its significance. The main deity Lord Shiva is said to be made with the "dharbha grass", from which the temple got its name of Dharbaranyeshwarar Temple. The temple also centers Lord Saniswaran or Lord Saturn as one of the main god. The shrine of Thirunallar is famous for this lord. According to Hinduism, Lord Saniswaran resides in each rasi or zodiac sign for about two and half years.The temple is revered by hymns of the Shaiva poets like Appar, Sundarar and Sambandar. Therefore it is classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam or The shrine which was revered by hymns of the poets. Nagore Nagore is a town in the Nagapattinam district in Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the important Islamic shrine in Tamil Nadu. Five centuries old Nagore Dargah is famous throughout the state.It attracts thousands of people daily. The total population of Nagore is 97,525. It is 12km away from Karaikal and 5 km away from district headquarters Nagapattinam. The Nagore Kandhuri Festival is very famous throughout the region. The festival season in Nagore falls in the month of May.Nagore Dargah is famous because any religious people can gather in the religious site. It is the Common Religious Gathering Point of thousands of people visiting the place each day. Nagore is also famous for sweets and fishes that are obtained from the coastal region of Nagore. The Nagore Railway station is one of the crowded railway station in that region, since thousands of devotees come through railway to the holy Dargah. Nellore Nellore is a city in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located in the banks of Penna River. It is the fourth most populous city in Andhra Pradesh. The city is well known for agriculture and aquaculture.It is the headquarters of the Nellore district. The total population of the city is 600,869.Density is 4000/km2. The name is said to be taken from Purana that depicts, a linga under the Nelli tree(Amla or Indian gooseberry). From then the place is called as Nelli-ooru then the name emerged as Nellore. It is said that the city existed since the Mauryan dynasty. The main economy of the city is based on agriculture and aquaculture. The main productive is Shrimp culturing.The Nellore city is located near the coastal region of Bay of Bengal. Protologism A protologism is a brand new word. Most people don't know about the word after its creation. Only a tiny group of people have ever used the word. Sometimes the coiner is the only person who has ever used the word. Sometimes people create protologisms because of a gap in the language. Riederalp Riederalp is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 November 2003, the former municipalities of Goppisberg, Greich and Ried-Mörel merged into the new municipality of Riederalp. Steg, Valais Steg was a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Steg and Hohtenn merged into the new municipality of Steg-Hohtenn. Tirupati Tirupati is a city in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh state in India. It is a municipal corporation and headquarters of Tirupati revenue division and Tirupati mandal (taluk). As of the census of 2011, Tirupati is the 9th most populous city in Andhra Pradesh with the total population of 287,482. Population of the urban agglomeration of Tirupati is 459,985. Tirupati has one of the most visited tourist attraction as well as religious shrine and the second richest temple in the world, the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple. This temple is one of the holiest Hindu pilgrimage sites. Because of this temple, Tirupati is considered as "the Spiritual capital of Andhra Pradesh". Tirupati is mainly world renowned for the holy temple as well as its prasadham, the Tirupati Laddu. The Tirupati Laddu is a famous naivedhyam or prasadham offered to devotees in the Tirumala Venkateshwara Temple.The other attractions here are the Padmavathi Temple, Govindaraja Temple, Kapileshwara Temple, Kapila Theertham, and Sri Kodhandaramaswami Temple.The second largest zoo park in Asia is the Venkateshwara Zoological Park, which is located in Tirupati. Chittoor Chittoor is a city and district headquarters of the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is the headquarters of the Chittoor mandal and Chittoor revenue division. Telugu is the widely spoken language in this region. The total population of Chittoor city was 353,766 as of the 2011 Census of India. The total area of the city is . The main attraction in this city is the Chandragiri Fort. Nara Chandrababu Naidu was born in Chittoor. He is the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and the leader of the Telugu Desam Party. Ajmer Ajmer is a city in Rajasthan, India. Ajmer is the headquarters of the Ajmer district. The city was established as "Ajayameru" by a Chahamana ruler, either Ajayaraja I or Ajayaraja II, and served as their capital until the 12th century CE. Ajmer is surrounded by the Aravalli Mountains. Ajmer had been a municipality since 1869. Ajmer has been selected as one of the heritage cities for the HRIDAY and Smart City Mission schemes of the Government of India. Tourism. The main tourist places here are the Ajmer Sharif, Taragarh Fort, Soniji Ki Nasiyan, Nareli Jain Temple and many attracts tourists. The Pushkar Lake is located 11km away from Ajmer. Arrondissements of the Aube department There are 3 arrondissements in the Aube department. The arrondissements of Aube are: History. Since its creation, the Aube department has had few changes: Arrondissement of Bar-sur-Aube The arrondissement of Bar-sur-Aube is an arrondissement of France, in the Aube department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Bar-sur-Aube. History. When the Aube department was created in 1800, the "arrondissement" of Bar-sur-Aube was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Bar-sur-Aube is in the east of the Aube department. It is bordered to the north by the Marne department, to the east and southeast by the Haute-Marne department and to the southwest and west by the Troyes "arrondissement". The "arrondissement" of Bar-sur-Aube is the smallest "arrondissement" of the department, with an area of , and it is also the "arrondissement" with fewest inhabitants (28,733 inhabitants). Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are only 3 cantons in the arrondissement of Bar-sur-Aube; they are: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Aube has 104 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Arrondissement of Nogent-sur-Seine The arrondissement of Nogent-sur-Seine is an arrondissement of France. It is in the Aube department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Nogent-sur-Seine. History. When the Aube department was created in 1800, the "arrondissement" of Nogent-sur-Seine was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Nogent-sur-Seine is in the northwest of the Aube department. It is bordered to the north by the Marne department, to the east by the Troyes "arrondissement", to the south by the Yonne department and to the west by the Seine-et-Marne department. The "arrondissement" of Nogent-sur-Seine has an area of and a population of 54,177 inhabitants. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are 5 cantons in the arrondissement of Nogent-sur-Seine; they are: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Nogent-sur-Seine has 80 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Arrondissement of Troyes The arrondissement of Troyes is an arrondissement of France, in the Aube department, Grand Est region. Its capital, and prefecture of the department, is the city of Troyes. History. When the Aube department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Troyes was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Troyes is in the middle of the Aube department. It is bordered to the north by the Marne department, to the east by the Bar-sur-Aube "arrondissement", to the south by the Côte-d'Or department, to the southwest by the Yonne department and to the west by the Nogent-sur-Seine "arrondissement". The "arrondissement" of Troyes is the largest "arrondissement" of the department in area, with , and in population, with 225,184 inhabitants. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are 14 cantons in the arrondissement of Troyes; they are: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Troyes has 247 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: A14 road (Great Britain) The A14 is a major road in England. It is a trunk road which runs roughly east to west, from the Port of Felixstowe, Suffolk to the junction of the M1 and M6 motorways near Rugby, Warwickshire. Along the way, it crosses the ancient main north-south route of Watling Street, now the A1. The road forms part of the Trans European Road Network, and runs mostly through Suffolk, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. It is part of unsigned Euroroutes E24 and E30. Karaikal Ammaiyar Temple The Karaikal Ammaiyar Temple is the Hindu temple in Karaikal of Pondicherry Union territory, India. It is dedicated to goddess Karaikal Ammaiyar, one of the 63 nayanmars of Shaiva. She is one of the renowned goddess in Karaikal.The earliest findings of Carnatic Music poetry were told to be sung by Karaikal Ammaiyar in praise of Lord Shiva in Thiruvalangadu, a village. History. The temple of Karaikal Ammaiyar was constructed by Malaiperumal Pillai in the year 1929. Malaiperumal Pillai was born in Karaikal in the year 1890 and dead in 1937.The Ammaiyar temple has the sanctums for goddess Karaikal Ammaiyar, Lord Somanathar (Lord Shiva) & Lord Vinayaka. Important festivals. The mangani (Mango) festival celebrated is the most famous festival in Karaikal.On the month of Aani(June-July), this festival is celebrated every year. This was since Lord Shiva in procession as Bikshatadanamurthi came to the world begging. In Karaikal, Ammaiyar gave him a mango and curd rice. The festival is considered spiritual because it is said that the women participating in the festival and eating the mango thrown, will be given the boon of child. Kadapa Kadapa is a city in Rayalseema region of Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is the headquarters of the Kadapa district.The city is said to be nicknamed "Gadapa" (threshold), as it is the gateway to the sacred Tirumala hills from the west. The city is surrounded by Nallamala and Palakonda hills.The city is known for its spicy and culinary food. Kadapa is one of the fastest growing cities in Andhra Pradesh. As of the 2011 Census of India, the city had a population of 344,078. The literacy rate of the city is 79.34%. Telugu is the widely spoken language in Kadapa. English, Hindi and Urdu are the other languages that are spoken in Kadapa. For transportation, Kadapa has its own airport and railway stations. Kadapa Airport is a domestic airport. The Mumbai-Chennai line, one of the busiest railway line passes through Kadapa Railway station . Vadodara Vadodara is the Second largest city in Gujarat, India. It used to be called Baroda. It is the administrative capital or headquarters of Vadodara district in Gujarat. The city is on the banks of Vishwamitri River. The city is famous for Lakshmi Vilas Palace, an excellent architectural palace. It is also the place for the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (Vadodara), the largest university in the state. The city is an important place of industrial, educational and cultural centre in India. Vadodara has its own airport. The Vadodara Airport has good connectivity with Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata and other main airports. An international terminal was built and was inaugurated by PM Narendra Modi in 2016. Vadodara Railway Station is one of the busiest railway station in Gujarat. It deals with about 150 trains daily. As of the 2011 census, Vadodara had a population of 1,670,806 and the metropolitan area had a population of 2,065,771. Gujarati, Urdu, Marathi and Hindi are the widely spoken languages in Vadodara. Vadodara has the oldest cricket ground in Asia, the Moti Baug Stadium. Vadodara is the birthplace of cricketers like Yusuf Pathan, Irfan Pathan, Nayan Mongia, Deepak Hooda, Hardik Pandya, Krunal Pandya, Ambati Rayudu and Kiran More. Vijayawada Vijayawada is the second largest city in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is on the banks of Krishna River. Vijayawada is a municipal corporation and headquarters of the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority and Vijayawada mandal. It is also known as the business capital of Andhra Pradesh. This is because it is one of the major trading and business center of the state. Vijayawada is the second largest city after the Visakhapatnam port city, in Andhra Pradesh. The city is recognised as the Global City of the Future by "McKinsey Quarterly". According to the 2011 census the total population of the city is 1,034,358. The urban area population is 1,476,931. The literacy rate of the city is 82.59%. Vijayawada Railway station is an important junction in the south central railway zone. Vijayawada Airport is well connected with nearby cities such as Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Tirupati and Kadapa. Vellore Vellore is an important city in Tamil Nadu, India. It is the headquarters of Vellore district. It is located on the banks of Palar River.The area of Vellore covers about 87km2.The total population of Vellore city is 423,425 as per 2001 census.Vellore is the base place where two of India's top 10 educational institutions located.They are:Christian Medical College Hospital and VIT University. Vellore region is the top exporter of finished leather goods in the country. Vellore leather accounts for more than 37% of the country's export of leather and leather-related products. Vellore Fort, Science Park, Vainu Bappu Observatory, Amirthi Zoological Park, Religious places such as Jalakandeswarar Temple, Srilakshmi Golden Temple, Big Mosque and St. John's Church and Yelagiri Hill station are the top tourist attractions in and around Vellore. Warangal Warangal is a city in Telangana, India. It is the headquarters of Warangal district in Telengana. Warangal is the second largest city after Hyderabad by both area as well as population. 811,844 people live in Warangal. Warangal is one of 12 heritage cities in the country chosen for Scheme HRIDAY – Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana by Government of India. It is also selected as a smart city in the "fast-track competition", so it may get additional investment to improve the urban infrastructure and industrial opportunities under Smart Cities Mission. Warangal was the capital of the Kakatiya dynasty from 1195 CE until that ruling family was defeated by the Delhi Sultanate in 1323. The city was then renamed as Sultanpur. After the Telangana movement, Telangana state was formed on 2 June 2014, Warangal became part of Telangana State. Bhadrakali Lake and Waddepally Lake are the two famous lakes are the major sources of drinking water. James Gillray James Gillray (13 August 1756 or 1757 – 1 June 1815) was a British caricaturist and printmaker. He was famous for his cartoons. They were etched political and social satires, mainly published between 1792 and 1810. Gillray has been called "the father of the political cartoon". He satirized George III, prime ministers and generals. He was one of the two most influential cartoonists of that time: the other was William Hogarth. Gillray's wit and humour, knowledge of life, and fine drawing, gave him the first place among caricaturists. The name of Gillray's publisher and print seller was Miss Hannah Humphrey. Her shop is always associated with the caricaturist. Gillray lived with Miss (often called Mrs) Humphrey for the entire period of his fame. Although he satirized George III as "Farmer George", his main target was the gluttonous Prince of Wales (later George IV). Napoleon was another favourite target. Gillray was especially hard on the rich, the famous and the most powerful people. The Elf on the Shelf The Elf on the Shelf: A Christmas Tradition is a 2004 children's picture book. It was written by Carol Aebersold and her daughter Chanda Bell. The book was illustrated by Coë Steinwart. It tells a Christmas-themed story, written in rhyme. The story explains how Santa Claus knows who is naughty and who is nice. It describes elves visiting children between Thanksgiving and Christmas Eve, after which they return to the North Pole until the next holiday season. Debutante A debutante is a young woman who is first introduced into society. In former times, these young ladies would be part of nobility, or the upper class. Originally, the term meant the young person was now old enough to be married. The purpose of the coming out was to display her to eligible bachelors and their families. The term comes from French, and can be translated as "beginner". In those days, a young lady of quality could not meet anyone unless they were introduced to her. This introduction could happen at an event (such as a ball) which was part of the 'season'. In the United Kingdom there was a formal presentation of the debutants to the monarch at the Royal Court (abolished by the present Queen Elizabeth II in 1957). According to the peerage guide Debrett's, the traditional social season runs from April to August. The dress code for debutantes is traditionally a pure white ball gown and white evening gloves. Fentanyl Fentanyl (sometimes spelled fentanil) is a synthetic opioid that is used as a painkiller. It also acts as a sedative. It has a short duration of action and a rapid onset. The two most common forms are patches that are put on the skin, and an intravenous solution. Paul Janssen developed Fentanyl in 1960. Fentanyl is about 120 times as potent as morphine; this means, much less Fentanyl is needed to get the same effect. The effects of the intravenous solution can be seen after three to five minutes. In about twelve hours, the concentration in the bloodstream will have halved. Fentanyl is also used as a recreational drug. This has led to thousands of overdose deaths each year from 2000 to 2015. Deaths have also resulted from improper medical use. Fentanyl has a relatively wide therapeutic index (270) which makes it a very safe surgical anesthetic when monitored carefully. Because it is so potent, finding the right dose to use requires great care: Fentanyl comes as a highly diluted solution. There is also a powder, but its use is impractical without advanced scientific equipment: The effective dose needed and a lethal dose of fentanyl powder placed next to each other would be difficult or impossible to differentiate with the naked eye. Aube (river) The Aube is a river in France. It is a right tributary of the Seine. The Aube department is named after the river. Geography. The Aube river has a length of and a drainage basin with an area of . Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Arcis-sur-Aube in the Aube department. Course. The source of the Aube river is in the Langres Plateau, in the "commune" of Praslay, at an altitude of about , in the Haute-Marne department. The Aube river flows through 2 regions, 4 departments and 80 "communes". It flows through the following "communes", among others: Finally, it flows into the Seine river in the town of Marcilly-sur-Seine in the Marne department. Main tributaries. The main tributaries of the Aube river are: Left tributaries: Right tributaries: Terza rima Terza rima is a three-line rhyme scheme of Italian origin. The first line rhymes with the third one. The second line is free and can rhyme with a line in the next strophe. Terza rima occurs in sonnets. Sonnets are often composed of two quatrains and two terza rimas, for example abba abba cdc dcd. This scheme can be found in many Italian, Spanish and Portuguese sonnets. This sonnet by the 16th century Portuguese poet Francisco de Sá de Miranda is a good example. <poem> "O sol é grande, caem co’a calma as aves," "do tempo em tal sazão, que sói ser fria;" "esta água que d’alto cai acordar-m’-ia" "do sono não, mas de cuidados graves." "Ó cousas, todas vãs, todas mudaves," "qual é tal coração qu’em vós confia?" "Passam os tempos vai dia trás dia," "incertos muito mais que ao vento as naves." "Eu vira já aqui sombras, vira flores," "vi tantas águas, vi tanta verdura," "as aves todas cantavam d’amores." "Tudo é seco e mudo; e, de mestura," "também mudando-m’eu fiz doutras cores:" "e tudo o mais renova, isto é sem cura!" </poem> Usually terza rimas are linked to each other making long chain-like sequences. There is an extra line at the end of the sequence. The scheme of rhymes is: aba bcb cdc ded... xyx yzy z. Terza rimas are suitable for long poems. The best known example is The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri. Perhaps every child in Italy knows these lines by heart. <poem> "Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita" "mi ritrovai per una selva oscura," "ché la diritta via era smarrita." "Ahi quanto a dir qual era è cosa dura" "esta selva selvaggia e aspra e forte" "che nel pensier rinova la paura!" "Tant’è amara che poco è più morte;" "ma per trattar del ben ch’i’ vi trovai," "dirò de l’altre cose ch’i’ v’ ho scorte." </poem> Spanish poet Bernardo de Balbuena, who lived in Mexico, wrote a long poem in terza rima named "Grandeza mexicana" <poem> "Oh tú, heroica beldad, saber profundo," "que por milagro puesta a los mortales" "en todo fuiste la última del mundo;" "criada en los desiertos arenales," "sobre que el mar del sur resaca y quiebra" "nácar lustroso y perlas orientales;" "do haciendo a tu valor notoria quiebra," "el tiempo fue tragando con su llama" "tu rico estambre y su preciosa hebra;" </poem> In Britain Robert Browning used terza rima in "The Statue and the Bust": <poem> "There ’s a palace in Florence, the world knows well," "And a statue watches it from the square," "And this story of both do the townsmen tell." "Ages ago, a lady there," "At the furthest window facing the east," "Asked, “Who rides by with the royal air?”' "The bridesmaids’ prattle around her ceased:" "She leaned forth, one on either hand;" "They saw how the blush of the bride increased." </poem> Percy Bysshe Shelley invented a sonnet built of fout terza rimas and a couplet. It rhymes aba bcb cdc ded ee. Shelley used it in "Ode to the Western Wind". It consists of five sonnets. Let us look at the first one. <poem> "O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being," "Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead" "Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing," "Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red," "Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou," "Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed" "The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low," "Each like a corpse within its grave, until" "Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow" "Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill" "(Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)" "With living hues and odours plain and hill:" "Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;" "Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh hear!" </poem> American poet Robert Frost in his poem "Acquainted with the Night" used aba bcb cdc dad aa scheme. Jan Kasprowicz, who translated Shelley's poem into Polish, used this scheme in a work by his own. It is called "Cisza wieczorna". ("Evening Silence"). Another form composed of terza rimas is a villanelle. It is made up of nineteen lines. It rhmymes acording to the scheme aba aba aba aba aba abaa. An example is "Do not go gentle into that good night" by Welsh poet Dylan Thomas. Therapeutic index The therapeutic index is a number that tells how safe it is to use a drug. It is obtained by dividing two numbers: the dose needed so that half of all individuals show the desired effect, and the dose which will kill half of all the individuals. Geodetic datum A geodetic datum is used to locate a given position when using a set of reference, such as a map. That way a set of coordinates might reference an exact location on the map. Sic semper tyrannis Sic semper tyrannis is a Latin phrase attributed to Marcus Junius Brutus, one of the people who assassinated Julius Caesar. It can be translated as "Thus always to tyrants". John Wilkes Booth is believed to have said the phrase after assassinating Abraham Lincoln. It is also the motto of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Karl Ernst von Baer Karl Ernst Ritter von Baer, Edler von Huthorn (; – ) was an Estonian scientist and explorer. Baer is also known in Russia as Karl Maksimovich Baer (). Baer was a naturalist, biologist, geologist, meteorologist, geographer, and a founding father of embryology. He was an explorer of European Russia and Scandinavia. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a co-founder of the Russian Geographical Society, and the first president of the Russian Entomological Society. European Russia Russia is a country that is both in Europe and in Asia. The border is the Ural Mountains and Ural River. By geography, about twenty-five percent of the surface is in Europe, and seventy-five percent is in Asia. By population, about 110 million of the 144 million people, or 77%, live in the European part. The European part makes up 35 % of the surface of Europe. In the European part of Russia, there are 27.5 people per square kilometer. The Asian part has 22 % of the population, which means there are 2.5 people per square kilometer. The two biggest cities, Moscow and Saint Petersburg are in the European part. Foreign and Commonwealth Office The Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (or Foreign Office) is a ministry of the Government of the United Kingdom. Its job it is to protect British interests around the world. The minister responsible is known as the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, which is usually shortened to "Foreign Secretary". This position is one of the four most important in the government's Cabinet. James Cleverly is the current Foreign Secretary of the UK. École nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique The École nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the "Futuroscope". Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees : Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at ENSMA. Research labs. Research activities at ENSMA relate to the following topics: Steg-Hohtenn Steg-Hohtenn is a municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. History. On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Hohtenn and Steg merged into the new municipality of Steg-Hohtenn. Fuller House (TV series) Fuller House is an American television sitcom. This is the sequel to "Full House", which aired on ABC from 1987 to 1995. The show looks at Donna Jo "D.J." Tanner, now a widowed mother of three sons living in San Francisco. Most of the original "Full House" series cast members returned to play the same characters in "Fuller House". They have made guest appearances or have returned to their original acting roles. Candace Cameron Bure plays D.J. Tanner. Jodie Sweetin plays Stephanie. The sister of widowed mom of three and the cool aunt of Tommy jr, Max and Jackson. Andrea Barber plays Kimmy. The best friend of D.J who later moves in with her daughter Ramona Gibbler. Her husband Fernando moves in in a later episode. The series began on February 26, 2016 on Netflix. On March 2, 2016, a second season was ordered. Italian Renaissance The Italian Renaissance ( ) was the earliest beginning of the general European Renaissance. It was a period of great cultural change and achievement that began in Italy during the 14th century. It lasted into the 17th century, marking the gradual change between Medieval and Early Modern Europe. The term "renaissance" is a modern one that was first used in 1858 by French historian Jules Michelet. The Italian renaissance was a period of gradual change. Some parts can be traced back to the earlier part of the 14th century. Other parts did not happen until the end of the century. The French word "renaissance" ("Rinascimento" in Italian) means "Rebirth". The era is best known for the renewed interest in the culture of classical antiquity. While it started as a humanist movement it spread to other areas including science, religion, art and exploration. During this period William Shakespeare wrote his plays, Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa, and Martin Luther had started a new religious movement. It saw Christopher Columbus discover the Americas and Johannes Gutenberg introduced printing to Europe. The Italian "rebirth" gradually spread into Northern Europe. As it moved northward, it changed into less a classical movement and more into a religious movement. Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is a planned NASA space telescope designed to search for planets outside of the Solar System (such planets are called "exoplanets"). TESS was launched on April 18, 2018 on a SpaceX Falcon 9 Full Thrust rocket from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The total value of the launch services contract is US$87 million. SpaceX was awarded the launch in December 2014. Orbit. "TESS" is orbiting the Earth with a period of about 14 days, which is half of the period of the Moon. The orbit will be highly elliptical, which means that it will be closer to the Earth at some points but very far from the Earth at other times. "TESS" will have four high-resolution cameras and will be continuously taking photos of the sky. It will send the photos to the laboratory on Earth which will make them available to scientists to study. Members of the public, like astronomy hobbyists and enthusiasts, will also be able to download and see the photos. The main purpose of "TESS" is to find planets around other stars. Such planets, when they are orbiting around their stars, partially cover the stars and make them not as bright half of the time. This is called occultation. "TESS" will be looking for such stars. "TESS" satellite will be small, about in size, with the solar panel span of . It will weigh at launch. Barron Hilton William Barron Hilton (October 23, 1927 – September 19, 2019) was an American business magnate, socialite, and hotel heir. He was the son and successor of hotel pioneer Conrad Hilton. He created a record in business and philanthropy that was like his famous father's. He was the retired chairman, president and chief executive officer of Hilton Hotels Corporation, and chairman emeritus of the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation. Hilton was also a founding partner of the American Football League and the original owner of the San Diego Chargers. Hilton died at his Bel-Air, Los Angeles home on September 19, 2019 of natural causes at the age of 91. Machine learning Machine learning gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed (Arthur Samuel, 1959). It is a subfield of computer science. The idea came from work in artificial intelligence. Machine learning explores the study and construction of algorithms which can learn and make predictions on data. Such algorithms follow programmed instructions, but can also make predictions or decisions based on data. They build a model from sample inputs. Machine learning is done where designing and programming explicit algorithms cannot be done. Examples include spam filtering, detection of network intruders or malicious insiders working towards a data breach, optical character recognition (OCR), search engines and computer vision. Using machine learning has risks. Some algorithms create a final model which is a black box. Models have been criticized for biases in hiring, criminal justice, and recognizing faces. Arrondissements of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department There are 4 arrondissements in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes. The arrondissements of Meurthe-et-Moselle are: History. Since its creation om 1871, the Meurthe-et-Moselle department has had few changes: Indian Act The Indian Act ("An Act respecting Indians"), is a Canadian statute that concerns registered Indians, their bands, and the system of Indian reserves. It was first passed in 1876 and is still in force with amendments. It is the primary document which governs how the Canadian state interacts with the 614 First Nation bands in Canada and their members. Throughout its long history, the Act has been an ongoing source of controversy. It has been interpreted in many ways by both aboriginal and non-aboriginal Canadians. The legislation has been amended many times, including "over twenty major changes" made by 2002. Mark-Paul Gosselaar Mark-Paul Gosselaar (born March 1, 1974) is an American actor. He is well-known for his roles on television. He played Zack Morris on "Saved by the Bell". He also played the detective John Clark on ABC's "NYPD Blue". Gosselaar was born in the Los Angeles area of California. Arrondissement of Briey The arrondissement of Briey is an arrondissement of France, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Briey. History. When the Meurthe-et-Moselle department was created in 1871, the "arrondissement" of Briey was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Briey is the most northern of the "arrondissements" of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, in the panhandle. It is bordered to the northwest by Belgium, to the northeast by Luxembourg, to the east by the Moselle department, to the southeast by the "arrondissement" of Nancy, to the southwest by the "arrondissement" of Toul and to the west by the Meuse department. The "arrondissement" of Briey has an area of . It is the smallest "arrondissement" but the second in population (164,589 inhabitants). Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are 6 cantons in the arrondissement of Briey; they are: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Briey has 130 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː École des mines d'Albi-Carmaux École nationale supérieure des mines d'Albi-Carmaux is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the Toulouse Tech (Southern France). Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees : Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at Mines Albi. Research labs. Research activities at Mines Albi relate to the following topics: Arrondissement of Lunéville The arrondissement of Lunéville is an arrondissement of France, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Lunéville. History. When the Meurthe-et-Moselle department was created in 1871, the "arrondissement" of Lunéville was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Lunéville is in the southeast of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department. It is bordered to the north and east by the Moselle department, to the southeast by the Bas-Rhin department (a short border), to the south by the Vosges department and to the west by the "arrondissement" of Nancy. The "arrondissement" of Lunéville has an area of and a population of 79,567 inhabitants. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are only 3 cantons in the arrondissement of Lunéville; they are: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Lunéville has 164 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː Arrondissement of Nancy The arrondissement of Nancy is an arrondissement of France, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Nancy. History. When the Meurthe-et-Moselle department was created in 1871, the "arrondissement" of Nancy was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Nancy is in the middle of the southern part of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department. It is bordered to the north by the Moselle department, to the east by the "arrondissement" of Lunéville, to the south by the Vosges department, to the west by the "arrondissement" of Toul and to the northwest by the "arrondissement" of Briey. The "arrondissement" of Nancy has an area of and a population of 417,430 inhabitants. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are only 16 cantons in the arrondissement of Nancy; they are: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Nancy has 188 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː Lady Jane Grey (poem) "Lady Jane Grey" is an English epic poem by Francis Hodgson. It was published in 1809. It tells about the life and death of Lady Jane Grey. The hero. Jane Grey, known as "The Nine Days Queen", was a great-granddaughter of the king Henry VII, father of Henry VIII. When Henry VIII's son and successor Edward VI died, the crown of England was offered to her. She was however soon put in prison by Queen Mary I of England, called "Bloody Mary". She was sentenced to death. She had her head cut off in the Tower of London. She was seventeen years old at the time. The author. Francis Hodgson was an English romantic poet. He was born in 1781. He was a friend of Lord Byron. He was known as a translator. He translated into English many works by Roman poets. He died in 1852. The form. The poem is written in iambic pentameter put in heroic couplets. Such form was typical for English poetry in 18th century. <poem> "Through these low grounds of sorrow, toil and strife," "As runs the troubled stream of human life," "Why should the poor laborious crowd repine?" "For wealth, for honour, lovely Jane were thine," "Yet my sad tale examplifies in thee," "How equal are our shares of misery" "Or in the highest, or the humblest lot," "The king's proud palace, or the straw-roof'd cot." </poem> Reviews. The poem was reviewed in "The Satirist: Or, Monthly Meteor" and "The Anti-Jacobin Review and Magazine Or Monthly Political and Literary Censor". Chigger A chigger is a small, parasitic mite which lives in tall grass. It is a member of a larger family known as the Trombiculidae. The species of Trombiculidae which bite in their larval stage cause "intense irritation", or "a wheal, usually with severe itching and dermatitis". Their color can range from bright red to brown. Chiggers are almost too small to see with the naked eye, so checking grass for them is near impossible. Chigger bites appear 2-3 hours after a host is bitten, and can last for a few weeks. They bite in hot, moist places, such as the armpits, under the knees, and the genitals. Trombiculidae live in forests and grasslands and in low, damp areas such as woodlands, berry bushes, orchards, along lakes and streams. It does live in drier places, such as lawns, golf courses, and parks. They are most numerous in early summer when grass, weeds, and other vegetation are heaviest. In their larval stage they attach to various animals and feed on skin, often causing itching. The best known species of chigger in North America is the hard-biting "Trombicula alfreddugesi" of the southeastern United States, humid midwest and Mexico. In the UK, the most common chigger, the "harvest mite", is "Trombicula autumnalis". It lives through Western Europe to Eastern Asia. Arrondissement of Toul The arrondissement of Toul is an arrondissement of France, in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Toul. History. When the Meurthe-et-Moselle department was created in 1871, the "arrondissement" of Toul was part of that original department. In 1926, it was eliminated but became again an "arrondissement" in 1943. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Toul is most western of the southern part of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department. It is bordered to the north by the "arrondissement" of Briey, to the east by the "arrondissement" of Nancy, to the south by the Vosges department and to the west by the Meuse department. It has an small exclave to the southeast of the "arrondissement" of Briey. The "arrondissement" of Toul has an area of and a population of 69,418 inhabitants, the "arrondissement" with fewest inhabitants in the department. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are only 5 cantons in the arrondissement of Toul; they are: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Toul has 112 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː Mick Mulvaney John Michael "Mick" Mulvaney (born July 21, 1967) is an American politician. Mulvaney was the United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland from 2020 to 2021. He was the 44th Director of the Office of Management and Budget from February 16, 2017 to March 2020. He was the U.S. Representative for from 2011 through 2017. He is a member of the Republican Party. Mulvaney served as a member of the South Carolina Senate, representing the 16th district (Lancaster and York Counties), from 2009 to 2011. He is the first Republican to represent South Carolina's 5th district since 1883. On December 16, 2016, it was reported that Presidential-Elect Donald Trump has selected Mulvaney as Director of the Office of Management and Budget. On February 16, 2017, the Senate confirmed him, 51-49. In November 2017, Trump controversially appointed Mulvaney as Acting Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. On December 14, 2018, Trump hired Mulvaney as White House Chief of Staff-designate in an acting capacity. In March 2020, President Trump nominated Mulvaney to be United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland. In January 2021, Mulvaney resigned as Special Envoy for Northern Ireland following the storming of the U.S. Capitol. Early life. Mulvaney was born in Alexandria, Virginia. He grew up in Charlotte, North Carolina, before moving to Indian Land, South Carolina. He studied at Charlotte Catholic High School and then Georgetown University. U.S. House of Representatives (2011–2017). Elections. Mulvaney ran against Democratic incumbent John Spratt for . The race was highlighted by Mitt Romney's Free and Strong America PAC's "Take Congress Back: 10 in '10" initiative as one of the top 10 House challenger races. He defeated Spratt, who had held the seat since 1983, with 55% of the vote. Mulvaney won re-election to a second term, by defeating Democrat Joyce Knott 56%–44%. He won re-election to a third term, by defeating Democrat Tom Adams, a Fort Mill Town Council member, 59%–41%. Mulvaney was re-elected to a fourth term, winning over 59% of the vote. Tenure. Mulvaney aligned himself with the Tea Party movement. On December 10, 2013, Republican Representative Paul Ryan and Democratic Senator Patty Murray announced that they had negotiated the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013, a proposed two-year budget deal. In 2015, Mulvaney voted against a government-funding resolution, in part because it included funding for Planned Parenthood. Mulvaney opposed gun control initiatives. In September 2015, Mulvaney endorsed Kentucky Senator Rand Paul in the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries. Director of the Office of Management and Budget (2017–2020). On December 16, 2016, Mulvaney was announced to have been chosen by President-elect Donald Trump to be the Director of the Office of Management and Budget. Mulvaney's nomination as Director-designate was reviewed in hearings held by the members of the United States Senate Committee on the Budget and the United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs then presented to the full Senate for a vote. On February 16, 2017, the Senate confirmed Mulvaney, 51-49. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau controversy. Trump appointed Mulvaney to serve as Acting Director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Many believe that Trump cannot appoint an Interim director. The dispute has arisen over whether Mulvaney can be so-named under the FVRA or whether a provision of the Dodd-Frank Act controls, which would make the deputy director, currently Leandra English, acting director of the CFPB instead. The Senate may also resolve the dispute by confirming a permanent replacement once nominated by the President. On November 28, 2017, a federal judge ruled in Trump's favor to allow Mulvaney to serve as CFRB Acting Director. Acting White House Chief of Staff (2019–2020). On December 14, 2018, Donald Trump named Mulvaney as his acting White House Chief of Staff, replacing John F. Kelly. He was sworn-in on January 2, 2019. He was replaced by Mark Meadows in March 2020. Special Envoy to Northern Ireland (2020–2021). After leaving his Chief of Staff post, Mulvaney was named Special Envoy for Northern Ireland, a role which had last been held by Gary Hart. His swearing-in was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which also prevented him from making a planned trip to Northern Ireland as envoy. He was sworn in via virtual FaceTime call on May 1, 2020. He resigned on January 7, 2021. Personal life. Mulvaney has two siblings. He married his wife Pamela West in 1998. They have triplets. He is a Roman Catholic. Charles Zwick Charles John Zwick (July 17, 1926 – April 20, 2018) was an American civil servant. He served as director of the United States' Office of Management and Budget from January 29, 1968 until January 21, 1969 under the administration of Lyndon B. Johnson. Zwick died of cancer on April 20, 2018 in Coral Gables, Florida at the age of 91. Series and parallel circuits Two types of electrical circuits are the series circuit, and the parallel circuit. Series Circuit. In a series circuit, the electrical current is only able to flow around a single path. The current will flow from a power source, such as a battery, into one or more electrical loads, such as a light bulb, and then back to the power source. In a series circuit, the same amount of amperage from the power source flows through each load. The voltage in a series circuit is divided up across all of the loads. If one of the loads on a series circuit stops working, the current will not be able to flow through the rest of the circuit, and the rest of the loads will also stop working. Parallel circuit. In a parallel circuit, the electrical current may flow along multiple paths before returning to the power source. The Voltage in a parallel circuit is the same across all of the loads in the circuit. In a parallel circuit, the amperage is divided up across all of the loads. If one of the loads in a parallel circuit stops working, the other loads in parallel will be able to continue to work. The voltage in a parallel circuit is the same on all the loads. Assassination of Andrei Karlov On 19 December 2016, Russian diplomat Andrei Karlov was shot dead during an exhibition in Ankara, Turkey. He was shot dead by an assailant who was angry about Russian involvement in Syria and the deaths of civilians in Aleppo. Chromebook A Chromebook is a laptop that uses the Linux-based Chrome OS as its operating system. It uses the internet. Most applications and data are in the "cloud". A Chromebook is an example of a thin client. It is a lightweight computer which uses remote access to a server. It depends heavily on another computer (its server) to do its computation. In March 2018, Acer and Google announced the creation of the first Chromebook tablet: the Chromebook Tab 10. This device was to compete with the market for discount Apple iPad tablets in the education market. The Tab 10 screen (9.7 inches, 2048 x 1536 resolution) was identical to that of the iPad. The device includes a stylus. Neither device included a keyboard. In March 2020, following the COVID-19 pandemic, many schools used Chromebooks to do school online, and put apps onto it like Google Meet and Zoom. 30 million Chromebooks were bought by schools in 2020 alone because of it. Some schools used iPads, but they cost too much money for other schools. Gavialis Gavialis is a genus of crocodylians that includes the living gharial "Gavialis gangeticus" and several extinct species. Andrei Karlov Andrei Gennadyevich Karlov (; 4 February 1954 – 19 December 2016) was a Russian diplomat. He served as the Russian Ambassador to Turkey from 12 July 2013 until his death. He also served as Russia's ambassador to North Korea from 9 July 2001 to 20 December 2006. He was born in Moscow. Karlov, 62, was shot and killed on 19 December 2016 in Ankara, Turkey. His killer, 22-year-old Mevlüt Mert Altıntaş, was killed by security forces. Jackson's Valley Campaign Jackson's Valley Campaign, also known as the 1862 Shenandoah Valley Campaign, was a campaign conducted in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley in the spring of 1862 during the American Civil War. It was led by a relatively unknown Confederate General, Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. His success in this campaign made him one of the most famous Southern generals. Jackson marched his army up and down the Shenandoah Valley for ten weeks. During that time, his army fought in five battles, winning four of them. He defeated three different Union armies. His movements tied down 70,000 Union soldiers, a force four times larger than his own. These soldiers were needed by Union general George B. McClellan for his Peninsula Campaign. Jackson's brilliant Valley Campaign is ranked among the great masterpieces of military strategy. Jackson's campaign is still studied at the United States Military Academy at West Point. Background. After a series of victories in the West, the Union Army of the Potomac launched a major offensive on the Virginia Peninsula. Their goal was to take Richmond, the Confederate States' capital. The Union was expecting a similar victory that could quickly end the war. In Virginia, the Union army now controlled the western part of the state. They established armies in Fredericksburg and in the lower Shenandoah Valley. While the Shenandoah Valley was important to both sides, it was far more important to the Confederacy. Its geography provided a natural corridor which Confederate armies could use to attack the North. It also provided a safe refuge when the same armies needed to move south again. The Shenandoah Valley was most important because its crops fed the Confederate armies. Battles. First Battle of Kernstown. The battle was fought in Frederick County and Winchester, Virginia on March 23, 1862. It was the opening battle in Jackson's Valley Campaign. Jackson's cavalry commander, Colonel Turner Ashby, had skirmished with Union troops on March 22, 1862. On March 23, Jackson sent his cavalry under Ashby against the Union position. Colonel Nathan Kimball, the Union commander, concentrated his forces on Pritchard Hill and also set up his artillery there. Jackson set up his artillery west of Pritchard Hill on Sandy Ridge. During the battle he visited his artillery position. He discovered that while he thought he was attacking a moderate sized Union army, he was in fact fighting an entire division. Seeing a force much larger than his, Jackson turned to his aide and said "We are in for it." Jackson changed his attack plan. He placed his infantry around his guns on Sandy Ridge. Kimball, not realizing that his forces outnumbered Jackson's, attacked Sandy Ridge to silence the Confederate cannons. At about four o'clock, Kimball's infantry ran into Jackson's Stonewall Brigade at the base of Sandy Ridge with heavy fighting. Jackson only managed to hold his position even though he kept sending in more troops. The fight soon turned into a stalemate with neither side being able to push back the other. Kimball began sending in Union reinforcements and by six o'clock the Confederates were running out of ammunition. At this point they began to withdraw. Soon the withdrawal turned into a running fight that only ended after dark. Although the battle was a Confederate tactical defeat, it represented a strategic victory for the South. It prevented the Union from sending forces from the Shenandoah Valley to reinforce McClellan on the peninsula. Battle of McDowell. After the battle of Kernstown, Jackson retreated south to Swift Run Gap. His army joined with Edward Johnson's Army of the Northwest. They were also joined by a division under Richard S. Ewell. Jackson now had about 17,000 Confederate soldiers. Johnson's Army of the Northwest was about the size of a brigade. At the time he joined Jackson, his army was being followed by a Union brigade commanded by General Robert H. Milroy. Milroy was expecting support by another Union brigade under General Robert C. Schenck. Milroy moved west near the village of McDowell waiting for Milroy. Jackson, now at Staunton, Virginia, advanced his forces west towards Milroy and Scheneck's Union brigades. On May 8, Milroy attacked the Confederates on Sitlington’s Hill. For four hours the two armies fought, finally throwing Milroy's army back at nightfall. While the Confederates suffered greater casualties, Milroy and Schenck retreated into western Virginia during the night. This left Jackson free to push against the other Union army in the valley. He would keep Union forces busy in the valley for another month. Battle of Front Royal. The next battle was fought on May 23, 1862 at Front Royal, Virginia. Jackson's forces attacked a 1,000 man Union garrison commanded by colonel Kenly. The Confederates surprised the pickets and quickly overran them. They drove the Union force back through the streets of Front Royal to Camp Hill (now Overlook Park in the southeastern part of Winchester). Kenly's force tried to set fire to the river bridges as they retreated but the fires were quickly put out. On Camp Hill, the Union forces made a stand before falling back to Guard Hill. They were quickly outflanked by the Confederate force and retreated towards Cedarville. Confederate cavalry under Major Flournoy made two charges on the retreating Union forces. About 900 Union soldiers surrendered. First Battle of Winchester. Jackson's victory at Front Royal caused Union general Nathaniel Banks to move his forces from Strasburg and retreat to Winchester. With Jackson now on his right flank, Banks was in danger of being cut off from his base at Winchester. President Lincoln felt Jackson's army in the Shenandoah Valley threatened the safety of Washington D.C. He ordered General Irvin McDowell's corps to hold their position at Fredericksburg, Virginia and not join McClellan's Union push towards Richmond. When Banks arrived at Winchester, he started organizing his defenses. Jackson's army approached from the south while Ewell's army approached from the southeast. On May 25, Jackson's forces made their first attack, but were thrown back. Ewell's division attacked Camp Hill. At the same time Jackson's Louisiana Brigade outflanked, then overran the Union position on Bower's Hill (southwestern part of Winchester). With their flanks broken, the Union troops began a disorganized retreat through the city of Winchester. Even citizens of Winchester fired on the Union soldiers. Banks retreated across the Potomac River back into Maryland. As a result of the battle, Banks lost about 2,000 men and nearly all of his supplies. The total Confederate casualties numbered only about 400. This was the decisive victory for Jackson's Valley Campaign. Battle of Cross Keys. Lincoln was now concerned that if Banks could not hold Jackson, his Confederate army might move to attack Washington D.C. On May 24, he had instructed Generals John C. Frémont and Irvin McDowell to send troops to support Banks. This was before Banks was defeated at Winchester. Frémont was ordered to move his forces towards Harrisonburg, Virginia, to the southeast. McDowell was ordered to sent 20,000 of his 40,000 troops to support Banks at Winchester. On June 8, Frémont’s 11,500-man Union army found Ewell's Confederate division at Cross Keys, Virginia. Ewell had been ordered to block Frémont's movements towards Port Republic, Virginia. The battle started with a two-hour duel between the Union and Confederate artilleries. A Union flanking maneuver from the left was thrown back by Confederate volley fire. The surprise volley caused 258 Union casualties in just under ten minutes. Frémont did not realize he was dealing with a smaller Confederate force. Under the protection of his artillery batteries, Frémont fell back to the Keezletown Road. The following day, while two Confederate brigades held Frémont where he was, the remainder of Ewell's Confederates moved towards Port Republic. Battle of Port Republic. On June 9, 1862, the last of the six battles of Jackson's Valley Campaign was fought at Port Republic, Virginia. Jackson had arrived in the area after dark on June 7. The next day he learned that Frémont's Union forces had been prevented from joining those of General James Shields at Cross Keys. Early in the morning of June 9, Jackson's forces used a makeshift bridge to cross over the South River in Virginia. Union general Erastus B. Tyler placed artillery batteries on a ridge covering the front of the Union position. When Jackson arrived he ordered an assault across the wheat field without taking the time to organize his forces. He had also not made a reconnaissance to find out what Union forces were there and how they were placed. The Stonewall Brigade led the Confederate charge. As they moved forward they came under heavy attack from Tyler's artillery batteries. Jackson sent Richard Taylor's Louisiana brigade on a flank attack against the Union artillery. But the Union gunners saw the flank attack developing and pinned down the Confederates with artillery fire. Jackson knew he had to break through the Union line before Frémont could join Shields. While Jackson was trying to find a way to solve the problem, Ewell's men arrived from Cross Keys. Ewell immediately saw the problem and he attacked the Union left flank. This gave the Stonewall Brigade time to regroup. Confederate artillery batteries opened up on the Union front. This caused the Union line to break and fall back in retreat. This last victory gave Jackson control of the upper and middle Shenandoah Valley. Aftermath. Jackson's Valley Campaign in the spring of 1862 was a tremendous success. In just 48 days, his approximately 17,000 Confederates had marched up and down the Shenandoah Valley. They engaged and defeated three different Union armies totaling about 52,000 men. Jackson kept them from reinforcing McClellan's army on the Virginia Peninsula. The campaign cost the Union 5,735 casualties at a loss of about 2,441 Confederate casualties. They captured so many supplies from Banks' army that Confederate soldiers began referring to the Union general as "Commissary Banks." Mattel Mattel is an American multinational toy company. It was founded in 1945. The company makes products and brands, like American Girl dolls, Barbie dolls, Fisher-Price toys, Thomas & Friends trains and Hot Wheels toys. In 2014, it ranked #403 on the Fortune 500 list. It is the largest toy maker in terms of revenue. 2016 United States presidential election in Florida The 2016 United States presidential election in Florida was held on 8 November 2016. It was part of the 2016 United States presidential election, in which all other states plus the District of Columbia voted. On 15 March 2016, the state also voted for who they wanted to be the nominee of their respective parties. Presidential. Polling. Below is a table with the polling results in Florida. Florida has not voted Republican in the general election since 2008. Caucuses. Democratic. The Democratic caucus occurred on 15 March 2016. Republican. The Republican caucus occurred on 1 March 2016. 2016 United States presidential election in New Jersey The 2016 United States presidential election in New Jersey was held on 8 November 2016. It was part of the 2016 United States presidential election, in which all other states plus the District of Columbia voted. On 7 June 2016, the state also voted for who they wanted to be the nominee of their respective parties. Presidential. Polling. Below is a table with the polling results in New Jersey. New Jersey has voted Democrat in every general election since 1992. Caucuses. Democratic. The Democratic caucus occurred on 7 June 2016. Republican. The Republican caucus occurred on 7 June 2016. 2016 Berlin truck attack On 19 December 2016 at 20:02 Central European Time, a truck rammed into a crowd of people at a Christmas market in Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany. This killed 12 people and injured 49 others. The original driver of the truck was found shot dead in the passenger seat. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed responsibility for the terrorist attack.<ref name="GmbH 2016 / ISIS"></ref> The perpatrator was Anis Amri, a Tunisian asylum seeker. On 23 December 2016, Amri was shot dead by an Italian police officer in Sesto San Giovanni, Lombardy. German police later confirmed that Amri's fingerprints were the same as those in the truck. Attack. The truck that was involved, a Scania semi-trailer truck, was owned by a Polish company named "Usługi Transportowe Ariel Żurawski". The truck was transporting steel beams to Berlin. The original truck driver, Lukasz Urban, is believed to have been killed by the perpetrator. He was stabbed and shot in the head. On 19 December 2016, at 20:02 local time, the truck drove through a Christmas market. This killed 12 people. The truck drove 50–80 metres (160–260 ft) and destroyed many booths. Some witnesses saw the driver leave the truck and run towards Tiergarten. Reactions. Czech Finance Minister Andrej Babiš said "Unfortunately... [Angela Merkel's open-door migration] policy is responsible for this dreadful act. It was she who let migrants enter Germany and the whole of Europe in uncontrolled waves, without papers, therefore without knowing who they really are." Marcus Pretzell, husband of AfD leader Frauke Petry, tweeted: "When will the German state of law strike back? When will this cursed hypocrisy finally stop? These are Merkel's dead! #Nice #Berlin." Muslims and Chrisitians held a vigil together after the attack. 2016 Irkutsk mass methanol poisoning In late December 2016, 58 people died from mass methanol poisoning in Irkutsk, Russia. It was caused by people drinking cheap counterfeit alcohol that was actually supposed to be used as a bath lotion. The counterfeit was called "Boyaryshnik" (Боярышник; Russian for "Hawthorn"). Cause. "Boyaryshnik" was much cheaper than vodka, so people bought it instead amid the tough economic conditions. Similar incidents have been on the rise as Russia's economy has suffered from low oil prices and international sanctions from the Russian intervention in Ukraine. Russia's deputy prime minister said before the incident that this type of alcohol made up 20% of all the alcohol drank in the country. The lotion was mixed with methanol; which is an alcohol that is poisonous. The label on the bottle said that the lotion instead had ethanol. A total of 58 people died from drinking the lotion. The victims were poor and were all between the ages of 35 and 50. Aftermath. Many people who were involved with making the potion were arrested. About 500 litres (130 US gal) of lotion was confiscated from the facility where it was made. Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev called for a ban on counterfeit alcohol, stating that "it's an outrage, and we need to put an end to this." 2015 Kyrgyz parliamentary election The 2015 Kyrgyzstani parliamentary election was held on 4 October 2015. Electoral system. The 120 seats in the Supreme Council were elected by proportional representation. This means that if a party gets 20% of the vote, for example, they get 20% of the seats. A party had to receive at least 7% of the vote to get seats in the council. No party was allowed to win more than 65 seats. Campaign. Many political parties were formed before the election; often made by wealthy Kyrgyz who want to promote their own interests. A lot of potential candidates were not allowed to run due to criminal convictions. One party leader, a former boxer, was banned after he beat up a rival candidate. Result. Sources: Conduct. Even though there were some reports of voter fraud, the OSCE said that the elections were "lively and competitive" and "unique in this region." The PACE said that voters had "made their choice freely among a large number of contestants." The OSCE did note some problems with voter registration, and the Council of Europe had concern over the transparency of some campaigns and financing. Kyrgyzstan (political party) The Kyrgyzstan Party is a political party in Kyrgyzstan. It was created in May 2015 by businessman Sharshenbek Abdakerimov. The party is now led by Kanatbek Isaev (a former member of the Respublika Party.) The party has a lot of support in the south of the country. In the 2015 Parliamentary elections, the Kyrgyzstan Party won 18 seats after getting 12.67% of the votes. Branchiobdellida Branchiobdellida are an order of leech-like worms that are mostly ectoparasites of crayfish. Patrick H. Grace Patrick Henry Grace (1832 – February 24, 1896) was a United States Navy sailor. He received the Medal of Honor for actions during the Korean Expedition of 1871. He was a native of Ireland but moved to the United States. His original name was Henry Patrick Grace but he changed it. Grace was cited for "gallant and meritorious service". Medal of Honor citation. Rank and organization: Chief Quartermaster, U.S. Navy. Born: 1835. Ireland. Accredited to: Pennsylvania. G.O. No. 177, December 4, 1915. Citation. On board the U.S.S. "Benicia" during the attack on the Korean forts, 10 and 11 June 1871. Carrying out his duties with coolness, Grace set forth gallant and meritorious conduct throughout this action. Kelly (given name) Kelly is a given name and family name. As a given name, "Kelly" is used mostly for females. However, there are some males with the name. As a family name, "Kelly" has many origins. The family name started in the 19th century. It was used for a masculine name in the late 19th century. Feminine use began around 1940. By 1957, it surpassed male usage thanks to American actress Grace Kelly. Kelly, as a girl's name, was at #900 in 1950. It peaked at #10 around 1977. Kelly is still popular as a girl's name, although it has declined. Famous people named Kelly include Kelly Ayotte, Kelly Carlson and Kelly Clarkson. Joanne Dru Joan Letitia LaCock (later Joanne Dru; January 31, 1922 – September 10, 1996) was an American television, stage and movie actress. She played Anne Stanton in "All the King's Men" in 1949. She also played Patricia Nash Dean in "The Pride of St. Louis" in 1952. Dru was born in Logan, West Virginia. She died in Los Angeles, California resulting from respiratory failure and lymphedema. She was 74. All the King's Men (1949 movie) All the King's Men is a 1949 political drama movie. Plot. Politician Willie Stark goes from a rural county seat to the governor's mansion. He loses a race for county treasurer. Stark teaches himself law. As a lawyer, he continues fighting the local establishment. He eventually rises to become a candidate for governor. He loses the first time. On his second try, he wins. Along the way, Stark loses his innocence. He becomes dishonest like the politicians against whom he fought. His son becomes paralyzed in a drunk driving accident that kills a female passenger. Cast. Character actor Paul Ford has an uncredited role as the Leader of the Senate Opposition Awards. "All the King's Men" won three Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Actor and Best Supporting Actress. The Waste Land "The Waste Land" is a poem by T.S. Eliot. It was first published in 1922. After it had been printed in London in "The Criterion", it was reprinted in New York in "The Dial". Then it was published in the form of a book. The poem is dedicated to Ezra Pound, whom T.S. Eliot regarded as his friend and teacher of poetry. Ezra Pound was the first reader of the poem. He helped Eliot to make it shorter and better. The poem is divided into five parts. They are: "The Burial of the Dead", "A Game of Chess", "The Fire Sermon", "Death by Water" and "What the Thunder Said". It is composed of 433 lines. The work is written in free verse and blank verse. The poem is full of quotations from classic works of world literature. Eliot makes allusions to Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare, Oliver Goldsmith, Ovid, Charles Baudelaire, Gerard de Nerval and Thomas Kyd. He uses different sources of inspiration, including both Christianity and Buddhism. The story is based on the Christian legend of the search for the Holy Grail. The poem ends with the Sanskrit words Datta. Dayadhvam. Damyata. / Shantih shantih shantih. "The Waste Land" is commonly considered to be one of the most important literary works of the 20th century. It has been translated into many languages. Czesław Miłosz, a Nobel Prize winner, translated it into Polish. Monster High Monster High is an American fashion doll franchise. It was created by Mattel. They launched the brand in July 2010. The dolls are based on horror movie characters. The initial characters were created by Garrett Sander and his twin brother Darren. Besides the dolls, "Monster High" includes books, video games, and television specials. "Ever After High" is a spin-off of "Monster High". The Ever After dolls are based on fairy tale characters. Azərpoçt Azərpoçt is the official national postal operator of Azerbaijan. It provides postal, payment and retail services. Azərpoçt currently operates through 1,500 post offices across Azerbaijan, from urban to the most remote rural regions. 2012 Stanley Cup Finals The 2012 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League (NHL) . The Western Conference champion Los Angeles Kings defeated the Eastern Conference champion New Jersey Devils four games to two. Rosters. Years in boldface under the "Finals appearance" column mean that the player won the Stanley Cup in the given year. Mevlut Mert Altintas Mevlut Mert Altintas (June 24, 1994 - December 19, 2016) was a Turkish police officer, he worked in the Turkish Security Agency, Ministry of riot police for two and a half years. He shot and killed Russian Ambassador Andrei Karlov in Turkey December 19, 2016 in the Turkish city of Ankara. Arrondissements of the Moselle department There are 5 arrondissements in the Moselle department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes. The arrondissements of Moselle are: History. Moselle is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was divided in nine districts: Metz, Bitche, Boulay, Briey, Longwy, Morhange, Sarreguemines, Sarrelouis and Thionville, with Metz as is capital. In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the nine districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Metz, Briey, Sarreguemines and Thionville. The Moselle department was eliminated in 1871 when part of the territory became part of Germany; the remaining parts were combined with the Meurthe department to form Meurthe-et-Moselle. In 1919, a new department of Moselle was formed with nine "arrondissements". In 2015, four "arrondissements" were eliminated and their territories passed to the remaining five "arrondissements": Forbach-Boulay-Moselle, Metz, Sarrebourg-Château-Salins, Sarreguemines and Thionville. Chad Robinson Chad Robinson (20 October 1980 –  26 November 2016) was an Australian professional rugby league footballer. He played from 2000 until 2009 as a lock and second-row forward. He played for the Parramatta Eels, the Sydney Roosters and the Harlequins RL. He was born in Sydney, New South Wales. Robin was reported missing on 26 November 2016. He was found dead on 22 December 2016 in Kenthurst, New South Wales. He was 36. Significant figures The term significant figures refers to the digits, in a number or measurement, which show the precision (sureness) of the number. For example, in the number 2300, the count of significant digits is 2. In the number 2040, the significant digits are "204" as a total of 3. National Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse Institut national polytechnique de Toulouse is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées (Southern France). Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees : Programs. Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at INP Toulouse. Most of the 6300 graduate engineer students at INP Toulouse live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports on a campus that is shared with 105,000 students from Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées. Research labs. Concerning research activities, INP Toulouse brings together 17 laboratories, nearly 1,000 researchers (teachers-researchers, researchers from major organizations, PhD), grouped together in laboratories associated with CNRS, INRA and other Toulouse universities. Arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle The arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle is an arrondissement of France, in the Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Forbach. History. The "arrondissement" of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle was formed when the former "arrondissements" of Forbach and of Boulay-Moselle were merged on 1 January 2015 to form the new "arrondissement". Geography. The "arrondissement" of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle is in the north central part of the Moselle department. It is bordered to the north by Germany, to the east by the Sarreguemines "arrondissement", to the south by the Sarrebourg-Château-Salins "arrondissement", to the southwest by the Metz "arrondissement" and to the west by the Thionville "arrondissement". The "arrondissement" of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle has an area of . It is the second largest of the 5 "arrondissements" of the department but the third in population (245,222 inhabitants) and a population density of inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are 8 cantons in the arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle; 5 of them are completely in the "arrondissement": and 3 are only parts of cantons: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle has 169 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Bamburgh Castle Bamburgh Castle is a castle on the coast at Bamburgh, Northumberland. It is a Grade I listed building. During WW2 the Royal Navy ship HMS "Bamborough Castle" was named after it. History. The castle is built on the remains of a fort of native Britons. The fort was destroyed by the Vikings in 993. The Normans then built a new castle on the site. That forms the centre of today's castle. The castle became the property of the reigning English Monarch. Many think that Henry II ordered the creation of the keep. During the Wars of the Roses, it became the first castle in England to be defeated by artillery, after a nine-month siege. The Forester family of Northumberland provided the Crown with governors of the castle for 400 years, before the Crown granted ownership to Sir John Forester. When the family became bankrupt, the castle was sold to a series of owners. Eventually it was bought by the Armstrong family, who still own it today. They opened it to the public. Media and myths. The castle has been used in movies including "Macbeth" (1971) and "Robin of Sherwood" (1984-6). It has also been featured in many books. The late medieval British author Thomas Malory suggested that it was Joyous Gard, the mythical home of Sir Lancelot from tales of King Arthur. Arrondissement of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins The arrondissement of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins is an arrondissement of France, in the Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Sarrebourg. History. The "arrondissement" of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins was formed when the former "arrondissements" of Sarrebourg and of Château-Salins were merged on 1 January 2015 to form the new "arrondissement". Geography. The "arrondissement" of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins is the most southern of the "arrondissements" of the Moselle department. It is bordered to the north by the Forbach-Boulay-Moselle and the Sarreguemines "arrondissements", to the northeast and east by the Bas-Rhin department, to the south by the Meurthe-et-Moselle department and to the west by the Metz "arrondissement". The "arrondissement" of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins has an area of . It is the largest of the 5 "arrondissements" of the department but the one with fewest people living in it, with 93,481 inhabitants and a population density of inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are only 3 cantons in the arrondissement of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins has 230 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Arrondissement of Sarreguemines The arrondissement of Sarreguemines is an arrondissement of France, in the Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Sarreguemines. History. When the Moselle department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Sarreguemines was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Sarreguemines is in the northeast of the Moselle department. It is bordered to the north by Germany, to the east and south by the Bas-Rhin department, to the southwest by the Sarrebourg-Château-Salins "arrondissement" and to the west by the Forbach-Boulay-Moselle "arrondissement". The "arrondissement" of Sarreguemines has an area of , the smallest of the 5 "arrondissements" of the department. The population is 99,772 inhabitants and its population density is inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are only 3 cantons in the arrondissement of Sarreguemines: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Sarreguemines has 83 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Arrondissement of Thionville The arrondissement of Thionville is an arrondissement of France, in the Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Thionville. History. The "arrondissement" of Thionville was formed when the former "arrondissements" of Thionville-Est and of Thionville-Ouest were merged on 1 January 2015 to form the new "arrondissement". Geography. The "arrondissement" of Thionville is in the northwest of the Moselle department. It is bordered to the northwest by Luxembourg, to the north by Germany, to the east by the Forbach-Boulay-Moselle "arrondissement", to the south by the Metz "arrondissement" and to the west by the Meurthe-et-Moselle department. The "arrondissement" of Thionville has an area of , the second smallest of the 5 "arrondissements" of the department but the second in population (264,858 inhabitants) with a population density of inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are 7 cantons in the "arrondissement" of Thionville: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Thionville has 105 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Christmas truce The Christmas truce was the widespread unofficial ceasefires along the Western Front of World War I around Christmas 1914. Kellyanne Conway Kellyanne Conway (born January 20, 1967) is an American Republican campaign manager and politician. She has appeared on CNN and Fox News. She has been a guest on shows like "Good Morning America" and "Meet the Press". On August 1, 2016, Conway became the campaign manager for Donald Trump. Since Trump became president, Conway has had many problems. She said that there were "alternative facts" when talking about a "Bowling Green massacre" that never happened. She said that Michael Flynn had the full confidence of the president hours before he was fired. Members of Congress from both parties asked for an investigation of ethics violations after she publicly endorsed the president's daughter, Ivanka Trump's commercial products. In June 2019, the US Office of Special Counsel said that Conway should be fired for breaking the Hatch Act of 1939. Conway was born in Atco, New Jersey. In October 2020, Conway tested positive for COVID-19. Arrondissement of Metz The arrondissement of Metz is an arrondissement of France, in the Moselle department, Grand Est region. Its capital, and prefecture of the department, is the city of Metz. History. The "arrondissement" of Metz was formed when the former "arrondissements" of Metz-Campagne and Metz-Ville were merged on 1 January 2015 to form the new "arrondissement". Geography. The "arrondissement" of Metz is in the west of the Moselle department. It is bordered to the north by the Thionville "arrondissement", to the east by the Forbach-Boulay-Moselle "arrondissement", to the southeast by the Sarrebourg-Château-Salins "arrondissement" and to the south and west by the Meurthe-et-Moselle department. The "arrondissement" of Metz has an area of and a population of 341,821 inhabitants with a population density of inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are 10 cantons in the arrondissement of Metz: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Metz has 140 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Ashwaq Moharram Ashwaq Moharram (Arabic: أشواق محرّم ) is a doctor from Yemen. BBC named her on their list of 100 most inspirational and influential Women for 2016. Life. Ashwaq Moharram was born in Yemen. She received a bachelor’s degree in medicine and general surgery from Sana’a University in 1998. In 2004, she received a diploma in reproductive health from Liverpool University in Britain. In 2013, she received a master’s degree from the National University of Malaysia. After the war started, Ashwaq's husband became sick. He had a heart infection. He needed medicine, but there was no medicine in the hospital. He went to Jordan with their two children. Work. In 2000 Ashwaq went to work at the General Hospital in Hodeidah. In 2001 she became the head of the department of obstetrics and gynecology. In 2007 she became a lecturer at the Faculty of Health Sciences at Hodeidah University. She is now the Deputy Director General of the Public Health and Population Office of the Directorate of Hodeidah. Before the war, Ashwaq worked with international organizations to fight hunger. In March 2016, after the war started, the organizations left Yemen. After the international organizations left, she gave food to people at her own expense, using her mobile clinic. In July 2016, three youths sexually assaulted an 11-year-old girl in the Zahra neighborhood. Ashwaq examined the child and the police arrested the three youths. In October 2016, Ashwaq was arrested by Houthis while giving people food. The local people stood in front of them and forced them to free Ashwaq. Mobile operating system A mobile operating system (or mobile OS) is an operating system for smartphones, tablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs), or other mobile devices. While computers such as typical laptops are mobile, the operating systems usually used on them are not considered mobile ones, as they were originally designed for desktop computers that historically did not have or need specific "mobile" features. Dunstanburgh Castle Dunstanburgh Castle is a castle built in the 14th century. It is on the coast of Northumberland between the villages of Craster and Embleton. It is on a huge rock next to the North Sea. The castle is owned by English Heritage. The name Dunstanburgh means 'the fort' (burgh) 'of the town' (dun) 'by the rock' (stan). History. The castle was first built in 1313 by Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster. However Roman and Iron Age remains have been found there. It may have been an Iron Age fort. He was an enemy of King Edward II. Thomas only visited the castle once before he was killed. The castle was not used again until the War of the Roses. The Earl of Warwick attacked it twice and it was almost destroyed. World War II. The castle was defended in WW2 because it was a possible target for a German landing. Land mines were laid and a radar station was built near the castle. The beaches were guarded with barbed wire and concrete pillboxes were built nearby. The fort and other facilities were manned by soldiers. It was not used again and is now in ruins. The area is now a Site of Special Scientific Interest. Oberstdorf Oberstdorf is a municipality in southwest Germany. It is in the Allgäu Alps. Many people visit to go walking or skiing. It is one of the highest towns in Germany and is the town furthest south in Germany. It is next to Austria. There are several mountains with good views, like the Nebelhorn and Fellhorn. There are many cable-cars to reach the top of mountains around Oberstdorf. In the centre of Oberstdorf there is a large church, with a tall spire. It is also home to several ski jumps, which are used for many competitions. They were also used in the 2016 movie "Eddie the Eagle". The Grand Tour The Grand Tour is a British motor television series for Amazon Video. It is presented by Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond and James May. It is produced by Andy Wilman. They agreed to make it after leaving the BBC. They also agreed to make 36 episodes over three years. One episode is released every week. The program can be watched in 200 countries. The first episode was the most popular first episode on Amazon ever. Each episode has several parts made in a studio. This studio is normally a big tent that is moved around the world. The show has it's own test track. There is always a feature where Clarkson, Hammond and May discuss car related topics which is called "conversation street". Season 1 started on 18 November 2016 and had 13 episodes. Season 2 was filmed a year later, but due to injuries to Richard Hammond, the release was delayed until 8 December 2017. In season 2 the tent stayed in the Cotswolds for all the episodes. Doaa el-Adl Doaa el-Adl (; born 6 February 1979 in Damietta) is an Egyptian cartoonist. She was named one of the 100 most "al and influential women" in the 2016 BBC 100 Women initiative. Work. Doaa el-Adl draws cartoons about controversial subjects like child brides and female genital mutilation. Doaa worked as a cartoonist for the Egyptian newspaper "Al-Dustour", the magazine "Rose al-Yūsuf", "Sabah El Kheir" magazine, and the magazines "Qatr El Nada", "Alaa-El Din", and "Bassem". Her cartoons now appear in the newspaper "Al Masry Al Youm" (Egypt Today). Jair Bolsonaro Jair Messias Bolsonaro (born March 21, 1955) is a Brazilian politician. He is the 38th and current President of Brazil since 2019. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1991 until he became president in 2019. He was also a member of the Social Liberal Party (PSL) until he formed his own party, Alliance for Brazil, in November 2019. He is known for his far-right and populist political views. He narrowly lost re-election in the 2022 general election winning 49% of the vote. 2018 election. Bolsonaro was the PSL's presidential candidate in the 2018 Brazilian presidential election. He came in first place in the first round of the general election on 7 October 2018, with PT candidate Fernando Haddad coming in second place. The two candidates faced again on 28 October with Bolsonaro winning the election. Assassination attempt. On September 6, 2018, Bolsonaro was stabbed multiple times while at a campaign rally in Juiz de Fora. Parts of Bolsonaro's liver, lung and intestine were damaged. He was hospitalized under "extremely stable" condition and released almost a month later on September 29. Controversy. Bolsonaro was a open supporter of the military regime in Brazil in 1964. During the impeachment voting session of former President Dilma Rousseff, in his speech, Bolsonaro honored Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra, a widely known military colonel in Brazil by have been a torturer of militants and protesters in the Brazilian military dictatorship period. In a television interview in the 1990s for the popular magazine "Veja", he also made controversial declarations about the Pinochet's military dictatorship in Chile, praising the Chilean dictator and stating that "the regime should have acted more violently to restore the country.". Bolsonaro is also notorious for his public speeches, which are perceived as being intolerant. He already spoke against minorities in certain occasions, particularly the LGBT (gay) community. In an interview for the documentary "Out There", made by British actor and comedian Stephen Fry, which deals with the rise of homophobia in the world, and aired on the BBC in 2013, the then congressman stated: "No father is proud to have a gay son... We, Brazilians, don't like homosexuals. Not to like isn't the same as to hate.", he added. In a comment about what he heard, Fry said: "Bolsonaro is the typical homophobic that I found around the world, with his mantra that gays want to dominate society, recruit children or abuse them. Even in a progressive country like Brazil, its lies create hysteria among the ignorant, from where violence can arise." As president, Bolsonaro has downplayed the deadliness of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. He said that the virus is no more deadly than the common flu. On 7 July 2020, Bolsonaro revealed that he had tested positive for COVID-19. Since 2019, Bolsonaro has faced four separate accusations for crimes against humanity. He is under investigation before the International Criminal Court in The Hague for crimes against humanity, genocide of indigenous peoples and ecocide. 2022 election. Bolsonaro is running for re-election in the 2022 election, with his main opponent being former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Bolsonaro did not pick Hamilton Mourão as his running mate again, instead choosing General Walter Braga Netto. Throughout the election period, Bolsonaro has said that should he lose, the election would be corrupt and rigged against him. His actions have been compared to former U.S. President Donald Trump's attempts to overturn the results of the 2020 election. On 2 October 2022, Bolsonaro advanced to the run-off election on 30 October against Lula. Lula won 48.43% of the vote against Bolsonaro's 43.20%. Lula was elected in the second round on 30 October, with Bolsonaro becoming the first Brazilian president to lose re-election. Political views. An ardent anti-communist, Bolsonaro's positions are often viewed as conservative, populist, nationalist, and are commonly associated with far-right politics, he, however, denies those statements, saying he's aligned with traditional moderate right-wing ideals. He has described himself as being a pro-life, pro-gun and anti-establishment politician. Bolsonaro is a strong opponent of left-wing policies, most notably same-sex marriage, secularism, drug legalization, abortion and environmental preservation. Regarding economic matters, he has advocated for liberal and free-market policies. Independiente Medellín Deportivo Independiente Medellín, also known as DIM, is a Colombian professional football club based in the city of Medellín. The club currently plays in the Categoría Primera A. They play their home games at Estadio Atanasio Girardot. That is part of the Atanasio Girardot Sports Complex. They has won the Categoría Primera A six times: in 1955, 1957, 2002-II, 2004-I, 2009-II and 2016-I. Their best performance internationally was in 2003, when the team got third place in Copa Libertadores. History. The team was created on 14 November 1913 as "Medellín Football Club". The team played its first match against the amateur team "Sporting of Medellin", that thrashed them 11–0. After some years, they joined professional football and played the first season of the league. Their first match was a 4–0 loss against América de Cali. List of attacks on U.S. territory This is a list of attacks against territory held by the United States Drum machine Drum machine is an electronic musical instrument made to imitate the sound of percussion instruments. Drum machines are commonly used in electronic music genres, but also used in other genres. 100 Women (BBC) 100 Women is a BBC series started in 2013. It looks at the role of women in the twenty-first century. It organised events in London and Mexico. After the women are named, the BBC has three weeks of information about women. Women from all over the world make comments on Twitter about the interviews and debates. History. After the 2012 Delhi gang rape case, BBC Controller Liliane Landor, BBC editor Fiona Crack, and other journalists started a series about the issues and successes of women. Women told the BBC there was not enough information about issues women face. In March 2013, BBC received a "flood of feedback from female listeners" that asked for more information "from and about women." The BBC started the series in 2013 because there were not enough women represented in the media. The BBC used a survey in 26 languages to choose women for the first program. There were programs for one month, then there was a conference on 25 October. Women from different countries talked about issues they shared. There were many subjects, like work, feminism, motherhood, and religion. The series looked at cultural and social problems women have in life. After the first program, there were many other subjects, like education, health, equal pay, genital mutilation, domestic violence, and sexual abuse. The series tries to give women a place to talk about how to make the world better and stop sexism. Women on the list are from many countries and many professions. Some of the women are famous, and some are not well known. Names of the 100 women. 2016. The 2016 theme was Defiance. Part of the 100 Women festival was in Mexico City. The 2016 list was in alphabetical order. 2015. The BBC News 100 Women list in 2015 was made up of many notable international names, as well as women who were unknown, but who represent issues women face. The women of 2015, included representatives from 51 countries and were not necessarily those who would traditionally have been seen as role models—a woman suffering from depression, a woman who advocates for equal access to bathroom facilities, a woman who encourages other women to avoid make-up, and a reindeer nomad. 2014. The BBC News 100 Women list in 2014 continued the efforts of the first year's initiative. 2013. The 2013 event was a month-long BBC series that took place in October. The series examined the role of women in the 21st century and culminated in an event held at BBC Broadcasting House in London, United Kingdom on 25 October 2013 involving a hundred women from around the world, all of whom came from different walks of life. The day featured debate and discussion on radio, television and online, in which the participants were asked to give their opinions about the issues facing women. The event held on 25 October 2013 featured 100 women from all walks of life. Riham El Hour Riham El Hour (Arabic: ريهام الحر, born March 8, 1977), is a cartoonist from Morocco. She was first woman to join the Union of Moroccan Professional Caricaturists. She was named one of BBC's 100 women of 2016. She uses her cartoons to speak for women and against male guardianship laws. Life. Riham was born in Kenitra in Morocco. Her family is Palestinian. She received a bachelor's degree in Arabic language and literature from the Faculty of Arts in Kenitra. Work. In 2000 Riham won UNESCO's Palestine Prize in an international competition. In 2002, she participated in the national days of Moroccan caricature, as the first woman caricaturist of Morocco. In 2005 and 2006 she received a prize at caricatures exhibitions in Damascus, Syria. In 2007, she represented Morocco at the Santomera exhibition in Spain. After she won the UNESCO competition, Riham met Larbi Sebbone, a well-known Moroccan caricaturist. Larbi encouraged her to draw more. Her first drawings were in "Al Alam", a Moroccan newspaper in the Arabic language, and in "Al Mintaka", a local Kenitra newspaper. Then she drew for the women's magazine "Citadines". In 2006 she worked in the national press. She worked with newspapers, magazines and women's magazines. By 2010 she was considered part of the "Syriacartoon family". In October 2011, she started work with the Arabic version of "Likolli Nissae". Finally she went to work for "Rissalat Al Ouma", a newspaper in Casablanca. Swissair Flight 111 Swissair Flight 111 was a scheduled flight from New York to Geneva, Switzerland on September, 2 1998. The aircraft was a McDonnell Douglas MD-11. Onboard were 215 passengers and 14 crew members. The plane had a cockpit fire. It crashed into the Atlantic Ocean near Nova Scotia. All 229 people died. It was the second-worst accident ever in the Halifax, Nova Scotia area. Unary function A unary function is a function that takes just a single argument. In contrast, a function that takes more than one argument is called a polyadic function. This description of a function's arguments is known as its arity. Arity In logic, mathematics, and computer science, the arity of a function is the number of arguments that the function takes. Institut catholique d'arts et métiers Institut catholique d'arts et métiers is a graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées (Southern France). Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees : Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at ICAM. Most of the 4500 graduate engineer students at ICAM live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports on a campus that is shared with 100,000 students from Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées. Fore-and-aft rig A fore-and-aft rig is a sailing rig that mainly has sails that are set along the line of the keel instead of perpendicular to it. Such sails are described as fore-and-aft rigged. History. Two of the earliest fore-and-aft rigged sailing designs were the Chinese junk and the triangular lateen sails of the Egyptian Feluccas and dhows. The lateen sail was used by Greek ships as early as the 9th century. By the 11th century the fore-and-aft rig began to be used in the Italian city-states and the Mediterranean Sea. The generally gentle climate made its use practical. There seems to be no record of when it was first used in Northern Europe. The square rigged sails came first in the North. The Vikings used square rigged sails which became popular in Britain and Northern Europe. They certainly had seen its use in the course of trade and during the Crusades. The Renaissance changed this. Slowly the fore-and-aft rig came into common use on rivers and in estuaries in Britain, Northern France, and the Low Countries. The square rig remained standard for the harsher conditions of the open North Sea as well as for transatlantic sailing. The lateen sail was more maneuverable and faster, while the square rig was clumsy but seaworthy. Sloop A sloop is a sailboat usually with one mast and fore-and-aft rigged sails. It can also describe a square rigged sailing ship of two or more masts which is sometimes called a sloop of war. The French called them corvettes. Originally the definition of a sloop was vague. A 1750 book said sloops "are sailed and masted as men's fancies lead them, sometimes with one mast, with two, and with three." Modern recreational sloops are almost always one-masted sailing ships with fore-and-aft sails. Their simple layout makes them popular with amateur sailors. The sloop is a manageable sailboat layout up to a length of about . History. The sloop design dates back to the early part of the 17th century. By the 20th century they became very popular. Their main advantages are their ease of handling and ability to sail upwind (into the wind). An early 17th century design was the Bermuda sloop, so-named for the Bermuda trade with North America. It was designed to be fast and could sail in both directions. They needed to be fast to outrun French privateers. The hull was made from Bermuda cedar. The wood was light and resisted rot. They had from one to three masts. Most modern sailboats are based on the Bermuda sloop design. The Bermuda rig replaced the earlier gaff rig which used a four-cornered sail (instead of a triangular sail) and a spar. A gaff rig design allows more sail on a mast. Another advantage is the gaff rig and other early designs can spill wind faster in a blow (heavy wind). The sloop of war was the most numerous design in the Royal Navy by the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Yet very little has been written about them or their French counterpart, the Corvettes. Later, the United States used sloops of war. The Royal Navy used the class of "sloop" right up until the end of World War II. The sailing sloop, like its larger cousin the frigate, were fast and used in a variety of roles. They were not usually used in battle, but were more often used for support in reconnaissance and for carrying messages. They were probably the best of the Royal Navy sailing ships for maneuverability and could function in all but the roughest sea conditions. East Croydon station East Croydon station is a railway station and tram stop on the Croydon Tramlink. It is in fare zone 5. Platforms. Platform 1 serves fast London-bound trains to Victoria station and platforms 2 and 3 serves fast south-bound trains to Brighton, Eastbourne and Southampton Central railway station. Platform 4 serves fast trains towards London Bridge station. Platform 6 is used for fast trains towards Oxted, Uckfield and East Grinstead and for stopping services towards Tattenham Corner and Caterham. Platform 5 is for slow services that stop in many places. Buses. London buses traveling routes 64, 119, 194, 197, 198, 312, 367, 410, 433, 466, 689 and X26 all serve this station. Bonus Bonus may mean: Bonus may also refer to: Courage in Journalism Award The Courage in Journalism Award is a prize by the International Women's Media Foundation (IWMF) for women journalists. It recognizes women who write from dangerous areas. Since 1990, more than 100 women from 54 countries received the award. In 2014, the IWMF started a new award, the Anja Niedringhaus Courage in Photojournalism Award, named for the photojournalist killed in Afghanistan during the elections. The 2016 award ceremonies were on October 22 in New York, and October 29 in Los Angeles. Brig A brig is a sailing ship with two square-rigged masts. During the Age of Sail, brigs were seen as fast and maneuverable. They were used as both naval warships and merchant vessels. Even after the sailing age ended they were used as training ships. The brig was one of the smaller two-masted sailing ships. They popular in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Brigs fell out of use with the arrival of the steam ship because they required a relatively large crew for their small size. They were also difficult to sail into the wind. They are not to be confused with a brigantine, which has different rigging (a brigantine has a gaff-rigged mainsail, while a brig has a square mainsail with an additional gaff-rigged spanker behind the mainsail). A brig is different from a three-masted ship because it only has two masts. Rigging. In sailing, a full-rigged brig is a vessel with two square rigged masts (called the fore and main). The main mast of a brig is the aft (rear) one. To improve maneuverability, the mainmast carries a small (gaff rigged) fore-and-aft sail. Brig sails are named after the masts to which they are attached. Those attached to the main mast are called the mainsail; above that the main topsail and above that the main topgallant sail. Occasionally a very small sail, called the royal, is above that. Behind the mainsail there is a small fore-and-aft sail called the spanker or boom mainsail (it is similar to the main sail of a schooner). On the foremast is a similar sail, called the trysail. Attached to the respective yards of square-rigged ships are smaller spars. These can be extended, which lengthens the yard. This allows it to receive an additional sailing wing on each side. These are called studding sails. They are used with fair and light wind only. The wings are named after the sails to which they are fastened. For example, the main studding sails, main top studding sails, and the main top gallant studding sails, etc. The brig’s foremast is smaller than the main mast. The fore mast holds a foresail, fore topsail, fore top gallant sail, and fore royal. Between the fore mast and the bowsprit are the fore staysail, jib, and flying jib. All the yards are manipulated by a complicated arrangement of cordage named the running rigging. This is opposed to the standing rigging which is fixed, and keeps mast and other objects rigid. Traditionally the running rigging was easily recognized. This was because, for flexibility, it was not coated with tar and therefore of a lighter color. The standing rigging was tarred for protection from weather and therefore darker or even black in color. Hull. A brig is "generally built on a larger scale than a schooner. It could approach the size of a full-sized, three-masted ship." Brigs varried in length between 75 and 165 ft (23–50 m) with tonnages up to 480. Historically, most brigs were made of wood. However some later brigs were built with hulls and masts of steel or iron. Brigs with pine hulls were built in the 19th century. They was designed to last for about twenty years although many lasted longer. Historic usage. Brigs were used as small warships carrying about 10 to 18 cannons. Due to their speed and maneuverability they were popular among pirates (though they were rare among American and Caribbean pirates). Their use stretches back before the 17th century. However one of the most famous periods for the brig was during the 19th century when they were involved in famous naval battles such as the Battle of Lake Erie. In the early 19th century the brig was a standard cargo ship. It was seen as "fast and well sailing", but required a large crew to handle its rigging. While brigs could not sail into the wind as easily as fore-and-aft–rigged vessels such as schooners a skilled brig captain could "manoeuvre it with ease and elegance; a brig could for instance turn around almost on the spot". A brig's square-rig also had the advantage over a fore-and-aft–rigged vessel when travelling in the open ocean. When fore-and aft rigged vessels sailed downwind for extended distances and where "the danger of a sudden jibe was the large schooner-captain's nightmare". This trait later led to the evolution of the barquentine. The need for large crews in relation to their smaller size led to the decline of the production of brigs. They were replaced in commercial traffic by gaff sail schooners (which needed smaller crews) and steam boats (which did not have the windward performance problems of square rigged ships). The "Telos", built in Bangor, Maine in 1883, was reportedly the last brig to join the American merchant marine. It was "considered to be the finest vessel of her class ever constructed in Maine". She was wrecked on Aves Island, off Bonaire in the Caribbean, in 1900. 1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision The 1956 Grand Canyon was a mid-air collision that happened on Saturday, 30 June 1956 at 11:31 am Mountain Standard Time. A United Airlines plane running as United Airlines Flight 718 hit another airplane owned by Trans World Airlines "(TWA)", operating as Trans World Airlines Flight 2. The aircraft involved was a Douglas DC-7 and a Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation. The crash happened over the Grand Canyon within the boundaries of Grand Canyon National Park. All 128 passengers and crew on board both flights died in the collision. The crash was the first commercial airline crash with over 100 deaths, and led to lots of changes in flight control in the United States. The crash site today is considered as a National Historic Landmark. Aircraft. A total of two airplanes were involved in the collision. These planes were: United Airlines Flight 718 - nicknamed "Mainliner Vancouver", the aircraft was a Douglas DC-7. The airplane had an aircraft registration of . The aircraft carried a total of 58 people "(53 passengers and 5 crew members)". The aircraft was flying under the orders of pilot Robert F. Shirley, co-pilot Robert W. Harms,and flight engineer Gerard Fiore. Trans World Airlines Flight 2 - nicknamed "Star of the Seine", the aircraft was a Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation. The aircraft had an aircraft registration of . The aircraft carried 70 people "(64 passengers and 6 crew members)". The aircraft was flying under the orders of pilot Jack S. Gandy, co-pilot James H. Ritner, and flight engineer Forrest D. Breyfogle. Collision. At about 11:31 AM MST, the track of both airplanes intersected over the canyon, and they hit each other. other websites. A photograph of the TWA funeral by Life Magazine in 1956 Glyfada Glyfada is a district in southern Athens and a famous coastal resort. The area developed as a tourist destination through the 1970s and 1980s and has a large number of hotels, shops, restaurants and clubs. It is situated close to the old international airport. Shelby County, Tennessee Shelby County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. The estimated population for 2016 was 970,221. Memphis is its county seat. Cutter (boat) A cutter is typically a small, but in some cases a medium-sized, watercraft designed for speed rather than for capacity. Traditionally a cutter is a smaller sailing ship with a single mast. It is fore-and-aft rigged, with two or more headsails and often has a bowsprit. The cutter's mast may be set farther back than on a sloop. In modern usage, a cutter can be either a small- or medium-sized ship whose occupants exercise official authority. Examples are harbor pilots' cutters and cutters of the U.S. Coast Guard or UK Border Force. Cutters can also be a small boat serving a larger one to ferry passengers or light cargo between larger ships and the shore. This type of cutter may be powered by oars, sails or a motor. Plastic wrap Plastic wrap (also cling wrap, food wrap, or clingfilm) is a thin plastic material. It is used for sealing food in containers. It keeps food fresh over a long period of time without spoiling. It is usually sold on rolls in boxes with a cutting edge. Plastic wrap was first made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC). A common, cheaper alternative to PVC is low-density polyethylene (LDPE). LDPE doesn't stick to itself as well as PVC. In the United States and Japan, Plastic wrap has sometimes been made of polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC). PVdC was the main ingredient in Saran Wrap, a popular brand of plastic wrap. Now, Saran Wrap is made with polyethylene. Research shows that plastic wrapping of food is often not wasteful, because the food lasts longer. A study showed that only 3% of wrapped food was wasted in the UK, but up to 50% of food was wasted in an African country, where it was sold unwrapped. Bad Moms Bad Moms is a 2016 American comedy movie. It was released in July 2016. Plot. Amy Mitchell is a married woman with two children, Dylan and Jane. Amy feels overworked and over-committed. She works as a sales representative for a "hip" coffee company. She is active in her school's Parent-Teacher Association or PTA. The PTA is run by Gwendolyn James (Christina Applegate), Stacy (Jada Pinkett Smith) and Vicky. Reception. "Bad Moms" took in over $179 million at the box office. The movie's reviews were mixed. It scored a 60 on Metacritic's reviews. Rotten Tomatoes gave the movie a 60% rating. Unterbäch Unterbäch is a municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. Wiler Wiler (Lötschen) is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. Carshalton railway station Carshalton railway station is a railway station at Carshalton in the London Borough of Sutton in South London. It is located between Sutton and Hackbridge. The station opened on 1st October 1868. The two main trains that run in this station is Southern and Thameslink. This station is in fare zone 5. Platforms. There are two station in this station. Platform 1 is for trains towards Central London and Bedfordshire. This includes trains towards Victoria station, St Albans and Luton. Platform 2 is for southbound trains. This includes trains to Sutton (Surrey) and Epsom. Frequency. This list shows the frequency of trains on typical off-peak hours. Buses. London buses routes 127, 157 and S3 operate at this station. Departures. This table shows the departures from this station with the calling points and the time that is taken to get to the end of the line. Beah Richards Beah Richards (July 12, 1920 – September 14, 2000) was an American actress. She performed on stage, in movies and on television. During her career, she received two Primetime Emmy Awards for her performances on television. Richards made many guest television appearances in shows, like "The Bill Cosby Show", "Designing Women" and "ER". Richards was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi. Emphysema took her life in September 2000. She was age 80. ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994 to April 2, 2009. Novelist Michael Crichton was the creator of the show. Overview. The show is about the fictional County General Hospital in Chicago. It showed stories from the emergency room. "ER" won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards. It won 116 awards overall, including the Peabody Award. The show was nominated for 124 Emmys. ZooParc de Beauval The ZooParc de Beauval (or Beauval zoo) is a zoo in Saint-Aignan, Loir-et-Cher. It has nearly 35,000 animals, including two giant pandas, found nowhere else in France. It was created in 1980 by Françoise Delord. It is considered to be one of the largest zoos in Europe. Jib A jib is a triangular sail that sets ahead of the foremast of a sailing vessel. Its tack (lower leading edge) is attached to the bowsprit, to the bow, or to the deck between the bowsprit and the foremost mast. Jibs and spinnakers are the two main types of headsails on a modern boat. Traditional vessels. Schooners typically have up to three jibs. The foremost one sets on the topmast forestay and is generally called the "jib topsail". A second jib on the main forestay is called "the jib". The innermost jib is called "the staysail". Actually, all three sails are both jibs and staysails, in a general sense. A large square-rigged ship typically has four jibs, but could have as many as six. From forward (fore) to the back of the boat (aft), these sails are called: The first two were rarely used except by clipper ships in light winds. A storm jib was a small jib of heavy canvas set to a stay to help to control the ship in bad weather. Modern vessels. Boats may be sailed using a jib alone. More commonly jib(s) make a minor direct contribution to moving the boat, compared to a mainsail. Generally, a jib's most important function is as an airfoil, increasing performance and overall stability of the mainsail. On boats with only one jib, it is common for the clew of the jib to be further aft than the mast, meaning the jib and mainsail overlap. An overlapping jib is called a "genoa jib" or simply a genoa (see illustration). These are efficiently used when reaching more broadly than a close reach. Alternatively, a boat may carry smaller jibs, to compensate aerodynamics when the mainsail is reefed; these more rugged sails are called "storm jibs" or "spitfires". On a boat with two staysails the inner sail is called the "staysail", and the outer (foremost) is called the jib. This combination of two staysails is called a "cutter rig" (or in North America a "yankee pair") and a boat with one mast rigged with two staysails and a mainsail is called a cutter. On cruising yachts, and nearly all racing sailboats, the jib needs to be worked when tacking. On these yachts, there are two sheets (ropes) attached to the clew of the jib. As the yacht comes head to wind during a tack, the active sheet is released. At the same time the other sheet (the "lazy sheet") on the other side of the boat is pulled in. This sheet becomes the new "active sheet" until the next tack. Brian Brian (sometimes spelled as Bryan) is a common name in the English language. The name came from Irish and Breton origins. The name is also a surname of Occitan origins.The exact meaning of Brian is not known. However, it is possible the name is from Old Celtic, meaning "high" or "noble". LaMia Airlines Flight 2933 LaMia Airlines Flight 2933 was a flight operated by LaMia that crashed near the city of Medellín in Colombia. The airplane was carrying players from the Chapecoense football team. The airplane had an aircraft registration of . The airplane crashed on 28 November 2016, at around 22:00 local time. The crash killed 71 people. Seven people originally survived the crash. However, one of the survivors, a goalkeeper known as Danilo, died a few hours after the plane crashed. The three Chapecoense players that survived were Alan Ruschel, Jakson Follmann, and Neto. It crashed on November 28, 2016 at approximately 21:58 (UTC-5: 00). Among the passengers were players from the Brazilian soccer team Chapecoense, who were on their way to play the 2016 Copa Sudamericana final against Atlético Nacional. Six people survived the accident. The Colombian Civil Aeronautics Special Administrative Unit investigated the accident with the support of the British Air Accidents Investigation Branch. The preliminary Colombian report indicated that the plane was traveling overweight and with fuel at the limit, and that the pilots mistakenly decided not to make stopovers to refuel at the Alfredo Vásquez Cobo de Leticia or El Dorado of Bogotá airports. In addition, they did not inform air control of the fuel shortage until the last moment. They did not comply with the flight plan, which should not have been approved by the airport authorities. The final report of Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia, released on April 27, 2018, highlights that the LaMia company "did not comply with the minimum quantity of fuel requirements demanded in international standards, since it did not take into account the fuel required for fly to an alternate airport, the contingency airport, the reserve airport, or the minimum landing fuel" Aircraft. The aircraft was an Avro RJ85, registration CP-2933, which made its first flight on March 26, 1999. After being in service with other airlines and going through a storage period between 2010 and 2013, it was acquired by LaMia. The company had a fleet of three RJ85s, but at the time of the accident, the CP-2933 was the only aircraft of the company that could fly. In popular culture. The United States cable TV network ESPN produced an hour long story about the crash for its news magazine TV show. It focused on how one of the pilots was also a co-owner of the airline company and the effects on the survivors and on family members of the people killed in the accident. The crash of LaMia Flight 2933 was covered in "Football Tragedy", a Season 19 (2019) episode of the internationally syndicated Canadian TV documentary series "Air Crash Investigation". The show premiered in the United States on the Smithsonian Channel's Air Disasters as "Soccer Tragedy" in November 2019. List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft 1919 – 1959 This page is a list of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft from 1919 to 1959. List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft 1960 – 1989 This page is a list of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft from 1960 to 1989. List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft 1990 – 2021 This is a list of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft from 1990 to 2021. Hurricane Otto Hurricane Otto was a strong tropical cyclone in November 2016. The storm was the southernmost hurricane on record to hit Central America. It was also the first Atlantic storm to survive the crossover into the Pacific Ocean since Hurricane Cesar-Douglas in 1996. Otto started late on November 21 in the southwest Caribbean Sea. Costa Rica, southern Nicaragua and Panama had heavy damage from the storm. At least 23 people died because of Hurricane Otto. NES Classic Edition The NES Classic Edition (also known as NES Mini) is a smaller version of the Nintendo Entertainment System with 30 games pre-installed. It is also known as the Famicom Mini in Japan. It was released in North America and Europe on November 11, 2016, in Japan and Australia on November 10, 2016, and November 23, 2016 in Russia. The console comes with one controller. The cable of the controller is 0.7 meter long. The Super NES Classic Edition, released in 2017, is the successor to the NES Classic Edition. Hardware. The console features a 720p HDMI display output and controllers that are similar to the original NES controller. The console also includes an emulation engine developed by Nintendo European Research and Development. Games. The NES Mini comes with 30 games. Each game can be saved. There are 4 save states for each game. All versions of the console (no matter what region) include the following games: The North American, European, and Australian versions have the following exclusive games: The Japanese "Famicom" version has the following exclusive games: Reception. Some people think that the cables of the controllers of the NES Mini are too short. Sales. The NES and SNES Classic editions sold more than 10 million units by September 30, 2018. Morton Sobell Morton Sobell (born April 11, 1917 in New York City) is an American former engineer with General Electric and Reeves Electronics. He worked on military and government contracts. He was found guilty of spying for the Soviets as a part of a ring that included Julius Rosenberg and others. Sobell was tried and convicted of espionage in 1951 and sentenced to 30 years in prison. He was released in 1969 after spending 17 years and 9 months in prison. In 2008, at the age of 91, he told "The New York Times" that he did turn over military secrets to the Soviets during World War II. This was the first time he publicly admitted guilt. Sumner Redstone Sumner Murray Redstone (born Sumner Murray Rothstein; May 27, 1923 – August 11, 2020) was an American businessman and media magnate. He was the majority owner and chairman of the board of the National Amusements theater chain. Redstone and his family are majority owners of CBS Corporation and Viacom (itself the parent company of Viacom Media Networks, BET Networks, and the movie studio Paramount Pictures). According to "Forbes", as of September 2015, he was worth US$5 billion. Redstone was formerly the executive chairman of both CBS and Viacom. In February 2016, at the age of 92, a week after a court-ordered examination by a geriatric psychiatrist, Redstone resigned both chairmanships, replaced by Leslie Moonves at CBS and Philippe Dauman at Viacom. Redstone then became chairman emeritus. Redstone was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He studied at Harvard College and at Georgetown University. He was married to Phyllis Raphael from 1947 until they divorced in 1999. He then was married to Paula Fortunato from 2002 until they divorced in 2009. He had two children: Brent and Shari. Redstone died on August 11, 2020 at his mansion in Beverly Hills, California at the age of 97. Sid Hartman Sid Hartman (March 15, 1920 – October 18, 2020) was an American sports journalist for the Minneapolis "Star Tribune" and the WCCO 830 AM radio station. He was also a 20-year panelist on the weekly Sports Show with Mike Max, which aired Sunday nights at 9:30 p.m. on WUCW 23 in the Twin Cities metro area. Hartman died on October 18, 2020 in Minneapolis at the age of 100. Aharon Yehuda Leib Shteinman Aharon Yehuda Leib Shteinman (), also Shtainman or Steinman (November 3, 1914 – December 12, 2017), was a well-known Haredi rabbi and posek (halakhic authority) in Bnei Brak, Israel. Following the death of Rabbi Yosef Shalom Elyashiv in 2012, he was widely regarded as the Gadol Hador (Leader of the Generation), the leader of the non-Hasidic Lithuanian world. Bob Dold Robert James "Bob" Dold Jr. (born June 23, 1969) is an American politician. He was the U.S. representative for the 10th congressional district of Illinois. Dold served from 2011-2013, as well as 2015-2017. In the 2016 election, he lost to Congressman Brad Schneider. Robert is a member of the Republican Party. Jonas Mekas Jonas Mekas (December 24, 1922 – January 23, 2019) was a Lithuanian-American filmmaker, poet and artist. He was often called "the godfather of American avant-garde cinema." His work were exhibited in museums and festivals worldwide. His best known works were "Walden", "Reminiscences of a Journey to Lithuania" and "As I Was Moving Ahead Occasionally I Saw Brief Glimpses of Beauty". Mekas died on January 23, 2019 at his home in New York City at the age of 96. Camren Bicondova Camren Renee Bicondova (born May 22, 1999) is an American actress, dancer and model. Bicondova is best known for her role as young Selina Kyle/Catwoman on the Fox television series "Gotham". Jean-François Champollion University Center for Teaching and Research Institut national universitaire Jean-François Champollion is a graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées. Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees : Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at Univ JFC. Research labs. Research activities at Univ JFC relate to the following topics: Desmond Morris Desmond John Morris (born 24 January 1928) is an English zoologist, educator, ethologist and surrealist painter. He is a popular author in human sociobiology. He was known for writing "The Naked Ape" (1967). Morris was born in Purton, Wiltshire, England. He studied at Dauntsey's School in West Lavington, Wiltshire. Carshalton Beeches railway station Carshalton Beeches railway station is a railway station in south Carshalton in the London Borough of Sutton in south London. It opened on the 1st October 1906. The train operator on this station is Southern (train operating company). This station is in fare zone 5. Platforms. There are two platforms on this station. Platform 1 is for northbound trains towards Victoria Station only. Platform 2 is for southbound trains towards, Sutton (Surrey), Epsom and Epsom Downs. Frequency. This list shows the frequency of trains on typical off-peak hours. Buses. London buses routes 154 operates at this station. Departures. This table shows the departures from this station with the calling points and the time that is taken to get to the end of the line. Clarel (poem) Clarel: A Poem and Pilgrimage in the Holy Land is an epic poem by American writer and poet Herman Melville. The work was published in New York by G. P. Putnam & Company in 1876. It was author's last big book. The poem is really huge. It is composed of four parts. It consists of 150 cantos and comprises almost 18, 000 lines. It is written in rhymed verse. All the poem is written in iambic tetrameter, only final section is written in iambic pentameter. In some places the poet uses alliteration. The poem tells about a young man, named Clarel, who went on a trip to the Holy Land. The journey became for him a pilgrimage. The main theme of the poem is the seeking for faith. The main hero had lost his faith during his studies and wanted it back. One of his companions, named Vine, is believed to be a portrait of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hawthorne was Melville's friend and a writer, too. The poem ends with some words of hope for the hero. <poem> "Then keep thy heart, though yet but ill-resigned --" "Clarel, thy heart, the issues there but mind;" "That like the crocus budding through the snow --" "That like a swimmer rising from the deep --" "That like a burning secret which doth go" "Even from the bosom that would hoard and keep;" "Emerge thou mayst from the last whelming sea," "And prove that death but routs life into victory." </poem> Melville's poem was not much appreciated in 19th century. In 20th century, however, it was called by Robert Penn Warren a precursor of "The Waste Land". In fact, T.S. Eliot's poem is about seeking for faith, too. Mauisaurus Mauisaurus ("Maui reptile") is a genus of plesiosaur that lived during the Upper Cretaceous about 80 to 69 million years ago. It was the largest plesiosaur, and perhaps the largest marine reptile in New Zealand waters at the time. "Mauisaurus haasti" is the only known species of the genus. A handful of specimens have been found, although only a few are well preserved and mostly complete. With 68 cervical vertebrae, "Mauisaurus" had one of the longest necks of any plesiosaur. It was large, over in length. Like other plesiosaurs, it had a long slender body, with numerous vertebrae, allowing flexible movement. On its underside, "Mauisaurus" had two sets of large flippers. These aided in swimming at high speeds, but may have also allowed the plesiosaur to venture onto shorelines for short amounts of time. "Mauisaurus" was a carnivore, with sharp jagged teeth that would have been used to grip fish or squid. Dapedium Dapedium is an extinct ray-finned fish from the Triassic and Jurassic. Komlosaurus Komlosaurus (Komlo lizard) is a dinosaur known from footprints found in Hungary. Ludvik Dolezal Ludvik Dolezal (1956 - December 26, 2016) was a Czech man known by Dirtiest man in Europe. He suffered from pyromania, a psychological condition which made him burn everything he could get his hands on. He died on December 26, 2016 in Hradec Králové Region, Czech Republic. He lived on an abandoned farm in the village of Skrivany in north-central Czech Republic. Parts of a sail In sailing the parts of a sail have certain terms that clearly describe them. There are two types of common mainsails. The Three Sided Mainsail and the Four sided Mainsail. Each of these Mainsail types have many different names according to exact location and relationship of supporting spars. Parts of a headsail. The headsail of a sailboat is any sail set forward of the mast (on a single masted boat) or foremast (the mast nearest the bow). The corresponding parts are the same relative to the front of the boat. (Note: The headsail tack is the name for the lower corner of the headsail -- the sail closest to the front of the boat.) Pterygotus Pterygotus anglicus is an extinct Eurypterid, related to arachnids (the spider family) and commonly called "sea scorpions." It lived in the Silurian and Devonian periods. Fossils have been found in North America, South America, Europe and Australia. It is related to the larger "Jaekelopterus". It is similar to the freshwater "Slimonia". "Pterygotus" could reach a body length of . It had a pair of large compound eyes. It also had another pair of smaller eyes in the center of its head. It had 4 pairs of walking legs. A fifth pair of legs were swimming paddles. It also had a pair of large pincers. American Airlines Flight 96 American Airlines Flight 96 was a flight operated by American Airlines. The flight was operated with a McDonnell Douglas DC-10. On 12 June 1972, the flight went into explosive decompression after a cargo door was blown out from the airplane. This incident occurred near the city of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. Because the incident occurred near the city, this incident is sometimes referred to as the Windsor Incident. The incident was caused because of the cargo door. The cargo door was blown out of the plane because the locks of the cargo door failed. When the locks failed, the cargo door blew out and caused rapid decompression in the cargo area of the airplane. This caused the collapse of part of the passenger section of the airplane, which in turn led to some problems with the plane. The rudder of the airplane was jammed to the right, and cable controls to the second engine were separated. Luckily, no hydraulics were broken. Despite having little control of the airplane, Captain Bryce McCormick was successful in landing the airplane at Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport. After the incident, McDonnell Douglas, the maker of the aircraft, made minor changes to the locks of the cargo door. These changes would prove to be not successful with the crash of Turkish Airlines Flight 981. The crash was caused by exactly the same reason as this incident. Buriolestes Buriolestes (meaning "Buriol's robber") is a genus of early sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Late Triassic of Brazil. It contains one species, B. schultzi, named in 2016. The type specimen was found alongside a specimen of the lagerpetid dinosauromorph "Ixalerpeton". Lariniscotes "Lariniscotes" is a trace fossil attributed to sea scorpions. The tracks were probably made by "Pterygotus" or "Eurypterus". Sonnet on the Great Suffering of Jesus Christ "Sonnet on the Great Suffering of Jesus Christ" () is a poem by 17th century Polish poet Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski. It is one of the finest examples of sonnet form in Old Polish literature. The poem is a part of "The Poems of Lent" (in Polish "Poezje postu świętego"). It was translated into English by Michael J. Mikoś (Michael J. Mikos). The author. Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski was a Polish nobleman. He was born in 1642. He travelled a lot in his youth. He visited France, Spain, Italy and Austria. He as interested in literature and theatre. After he had returned to Poland, he became a politician. He was a member of Sejm (Parliament). He became also the Great Marshall (that is a secretary of internal affairs). He died in 1702. The sonnet. The sonnet was not very popular in Old Polish literature. This genre existed for three hundred years in Italy, when Polish poets started writing such poems. The first poet to write sonnets in Polish was Jan Kochanowski. After him two notable poets wrote such poems. They were Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński and Sebastian Grabowiecki. The form. "Sonnet on the Great Suffering of Jesus Christ" is one of the best poems of the genre in 17th century Polish poetry. It follows the rules of Italian sonnet. It is made up of 11-syllable lines. All Italian sonnets were written in "endecasillabo" that is 11-syllable metre. The rhyme scheme is the most classical. There are only four rhymes. The scheme is abba abba cdc dcd. <poem > "Wielkiej miłości i nieogarnionej" "Tryumf, czy piekła łupy, czy mogiły" "Zawisnej śmierci, czy niebieskiej siły" "Są cudem męki, co zniósł Bóg wcielony?" "Moc, myśl, żal, strach, pot, krew, sen zwyciężony," "Zdrada, powrozy, łzy, sąd i niemiły" "Twarzy policzek, i rózgi, co biły," "Słup, cierń, krzyż, gwóźdź, żółć i bok otworzony" "Są to dobroci dary, a nie męki," "Nie dary, ale łaski źrzódła żywe," "Nie źrzódła, ale boskie cuda ręki," "Tej ręki, co nam zbawienie szczęśliwe" "Z swych ran wylała, za które niech dzięki" "Oddaje-ć serce, o dobro prawdziwe!" </poem> An unusual feature of the poem is a long enumeration in the 5th line and in the 8th line. It is composed of 1-syllable words. In Polish language such words are very rare. Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski was not the only poet to use such a poetic device. Daniel Naborowski used it earlier in the poem "The Brevity of Life" (in Polish "Krótkość żywota"). This poem was put into English by Michael J. Mikoś, too. Eurypterus Eurypterus is a type of extinct sea scorpion. It is the most famous type of sea scorpion, although it was far from the largest. It lived during the Silurian era and out has been found in the United States, Canada and Europe. The first "Eurypterus" fossil was discovered in 1818. Crackdown Crackdown has multiple meanings. 64-bit computing In computer science, 64-bit computing refers to a microprocessor's data stream. It means an operating system can use more computer memory at one time. This makes a 64-bit system much faster than a 32-bit system. A 32-bit system can only use up to 3.56 gigabytes of random-access memory (called RAM or memory). A 64-bit system can use much more memory making it considerably faster. Using an analogy, a 64-bit system is like a 64 line highway. If each bit were a car, it means 64 of them can move at the same time. Sutton Common railway station Sutton Common railway station opened in 1930. The only train that operates at this station is Thameslink. This station is in fare zone 4. Platforms. There are two platforms at this station. Platform 1 is for trains towards Luton via Wimbledon station. Platform 2 is for trains towards Sutton (Surrey). Frequency. This list shows the frequency of trains on typical off-peak hours. Buses. London buses routes 470 and S3 operates at this station. Departures. This table shows the departures from this station with the calling points and the time that is taken to get to the end of the line. Singapore Airlines Flight 006 On October 31, 2000 Singapore Airlines Flight 006 crashed after taking off on the wrong runway at Chiang Kai-shek International Airport in Taiwan, caused by pilot error in bad weather. The aircraft was a Boeing 747-400 with 179 people on-board. 83 people were killed in the crash while 96 survived. Causalities. 79 passengers and four crew members died in the crash. 24 Americans, 26 Taiwanese, 11 Indians, 12 Singaporeans, 4 Malaysians, 2 Koreans, 2 British, 1 Vietnamese, 1 Chinese, 1 Hong Konger, 1 Indonesian, 1 Japanese, 1 Dutch, 1 Macaoan, 1 Kazakhstani, and 1 Filipino were among the dead. LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16 LOT Polish Airlines Flight 16 a Boeing 767 was a regular flight from Newark to Warsaw, that made a belly landing at Warsaw Chopin Airport on November 1, 2011 without any loss of life to the 231 passengers and crew on board. Forestay On a sailing vessel, a forestay, sometimes called a jibstay, or a headstay, is a piece of standing rigging. It keeps a mast from falling backwards. It is usually attached to the very top of the mast. The other end of the forestay is attached to the bow of the boat. Often a sail is attached to the forestay. This sail may be a jib or a genoa. In a cutter rig, the jib or jibs are flown from stays in front of the forestay, perhaps going from the masthead to a bowsprit. The sail on the forestay is then referred to as the staysail. A forestay might be made from stainless steel wire or rod. Arrondissements of the Bas-Rhin department There are 5 arrondissements in the Bas-Rhin department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes. The arrondissements of Bas-Rhin are: History. Bas-Rhin is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was divided in four districts: Haguenau, Benfeld, Strasbourg and Wissembourg, with Strasbourg as is capital. Soon, the district of Sarre-Union was created and the name of the district of Benfeld was changed to Sélestat (in its origins, Schlestadt). In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the five districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Strasbourg, Barr, Saverne and Wissembourg. The subprefecture of Barr was moved to Schlestadt (Sélestat) in 1806. The Bas-Rhin department was eliminated in 1871 when the territory became part of Germany. In 1919, Bas-Rhin is again an department when the territory became part of France with the "arrondissements" Strasbourg-Ville, Strasbourg-Campagne, Erstein, Haguenau, Molsheim, Saverne, Sélestat and Wissembourg. The "arrondissements" Sélestat and Erstein were combined in 1974 to form the "arrondissement" of Sélestat-Erstein. In 2015, the "arrondissements" Strasbourg-Campagne and Wissembourg were eliminated and their territories passed to the remaining "arrondissements", and only 5 were kept: Haguenau-Wissembourg, Molsheim, Saverne, Sélestat-Erstein and Strasbourg. Šiprage Šiprage (Шипраге) is a settlement in the Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska entity, Kotor Varoš Municipality. The first Kotor-Varosian settlement, the medieval town Kotor, existed certainly before the 9th century, because, according to credible sources, it was previously "destroyed several times." It was named as Vasekatro „near Banja Luka“. Šiprage is on the Vrbanja river. In 1991, 956 people lived in Šiprage. The highest elevation is 520 m. During the Bosnian War (1992–95), Bosnian Serb Police and Army forces destroyed villages upstream along the Vrbanja to Kruševo Brdo. One of the 18 camps for detained Bosniaks from the Kotor Varoš Municipality was at the Police station (MUP) in Šiprage. After 1996, most of the Bosniak villages were partly restored thanks to the Luxembourgish government. During the war, an Orthodox church was built in the centre of the village. Population. Overview by census. ♦ Šiprage area Kotor Varoš Kotor Varoš or Kotor-Varoš (Котор Варош) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 2013, 22,001 people lived in Kotor Varoš. The elevation of Kotor Varoš is . Total municipality area is . Kotor Varoš is on the Vrbanja river, on its southeastern upstream line of the Banja Luka, about and to Šiprage also. History. The first settlement of the medieval town Kotor, existed certainly before the 9th century, because, according to credible sources, it was previously "destroyed several times." It was named as Vasekatro „near Banja Luka“. Deck (ship) Decks are the main horizontal parts of a ship's structure. The crew stand and walk on the deck. A deck is the floor of a boat or ship, but open boats only have floorboards. Common names for decks. Below is a list of the many names given to different decks. They might be confusing. The list should be used with caution because there is no one agreed system for naming decks. Freeboard Deck. Ships over 24m long doing international business have to respect the International Convention on Load Lines. Such vessels have a deck named the Freeboard Deck. It goes from end to end in the ship and from one side to the other. Decks below the weather deck can be the Freeboard Deck, as in most ferries. The distance from the sea surface to the Freeboard Deck is named the freeboard. All these ships have a minimum freeboard. At no time may they be so deep in the water that the freeboard is smaller than the minimum freeboard. For that reason, the Freeboard Deck is an important reference point in the ship. Some shipyards and shipping companies name the Freeboard Deck as Deck 1 or 1st Deck. The decks below are 2nd Deck or Deck 2, 3rd Deck or Deck 3 etc. The decks over the Freeboard Deck have letters. The first level over the Freeboard Deck is Deck A. Over that is Deck B, Deck C etc. This system of deck names says where the deck is in the ship. This is important because the Load Line Convention has special rules about doors, windows, hatch openings and ventilation openings on Deck A and Deck B. Vrbanja (river) The Vrbanja (Врбањa) is a river in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. Along with the Ugar, it is the largest right tributary of the Vrbas. Its drainage basin covers an area of approximately 703.5 km2. It has significant hydropower potential. The estimations of the Vrbanja's length vary from 84 km to 95.4 km. Tributaries. The river is fed by numerous tributaries from Vlašić, Čemernica, Borja and Uzlomac mountains. The most significant right-side tributaries are the Bobovica, Lopača, Trnovac, Crkvenica, Stopanska rijeka, Kruševica, Jezerka, Bosanka, and Jošavka, and the most significant left-side tributaries, the Čudnić, Kovačevića potok, Ćorkovac, Demićka, Sadika, Grabovička rijeka, Duboka river, Vigošća/Vigošta, Cvrcka and Jakotina. Wole Soyinka Akinwande Oluwole "Wole" Babatunde Soyinka (Yoruba: "Akinwándé Oluwo̩lé Babátúndé S̩óyinká"; born 13 July 1934) is a Nigerian playwright and poet. He was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Literature, the first African to be honored in that category. Vrbas (river) The Vrbas (Врбас) is a river in the western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is one of the larger tributaries of river Sava. The Vrbas is about 250 km long. The drainage basin is around 6273 km2. The average flow at the mouth is 114 m3/s. Vrbas starts from two springs on Ze Mountain (branch of Vranica), at 1715 m above sea level. Vrbas River cuts a composite valley, passing through Skopljanska valley, Vinačka klisura (gorge), Jajce valley, canyon valley Tijesno, Banja Luka valley, and a lower flow through Lijevče polja (field). The main left tributaries of the Vrbas are: Semešnica, Pliva, Black River and Krupa. The main right tributaries are Bistrica, Ugar, Svrakava, Vrbanja river, and Turjanica. Its mouth is in Bosanska Gradiška. Banja Luka Banja Luka (Бања Лука), or Banjaluka is a city in the western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located on the Vrbas river. It is the second largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and many people say it is one of the country's most beautiful cities. It is the administrative center of the Republika Srpska and the economic and cultural center of this part of Bosnian Krajina. Its elevation is 163 m, and its total area is 1,238.91 km2. According to the 2013 census, the City of Banja Luka has 185,042 inhabitants. In the first century AD, Romans won the area of Banja Luka, which was then inhabited mainly members of Mezeji, an Illyrian tribe. This area was completely within the Roman province called Illyricum. Today, the city of Banja Luka is located on the road that led from Dalmatia to Pannonia, or from Salona to today's Bosanska Gradiška. Today's citadel Kastel, which is in what was the center of the city at the time, was a Roman military fortress. Slavs settled Balkans and all of the current Banja Luka are in the sixth and seventh centuries, and they built several fortresses in the valley of the river Vrbas. There are not many written records from that time. The earliest Slavic settlement is also called "Vrbas," and it was first mentioned in 1320. The name of the town Banja Luka first appears in writing in 1494, in a work by Croatian-Hungarian King Vladislav. The name comes from "banjaluk" that is the Turkish-Bosnian slang for "spaing." This is because of the natural hot water suitable for baths that still exist in today's oldest settlement, Gornji Šeher/Upper Seher. The city came under Ottoman rule in 1537. Ugar (river) The Ugar ("Brzica" until 1878) is a river of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is a tributary of the Vrbas river. The Ugar's length is around 44.5 kilometres. Its drainage basin is around 328 km2. Its largest right tributaries are: Pljačkovac, Ilomska, Kobilja, Zirin Potok and Kusin Potok (Ziro's and Kuso's creeks). The left tributaries are the creeks: namely Lužnica Potok, Dedića Potok, Andrijevića Potok, Bunar, Oraški Potok, and Kukavički Potok. It starts at the slopes of Vlašić, upstream of Sažići and Melina villages. This is around 1590 meters above sea level. It is a watershed area of Vrbanja, Ilomska and Bila rivers. Its discharge is Ilomska Ilomska ( Иломска) is a river in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is right tributary of the Ugar. It is about in length. The river starts in Vlašić's Mountain. It is an essential body of water for surrounding wildlife. Ilomska flows between the Žežnička Greda (altitude ) and Javorak () mountains. It has a curved flow around Lisina () and Runjavica () mountains, through coniferous (fir and spruce) and mixed spuce-beech woods. Its flow below Petrovo polje has sharp curves. After two attractive waterfalls, Ilomska flows into the Ugar, a few kilometers downstream from Vitovlje village. The height of the bigger water flow is around 40 meters. Waterfalls in this wildness attract mountain-climbers, tourists, and fishermen. Vlašić (mountain) Vlašić (Влашић) is a mountain in Dinaric Alps. It is in the very center of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its highest peak is Paljenik with an elevation of 1,943 m. It is famous for its pastures, cattle-breeding and cheese. It overlooks the town of Travnik. The mountain is named for the Vlassi people (called Vlachs in Bosnia). They tended their sheep there since the end of the Roman Empire. They brought one of the trademarks to the area, Vlašić cheese, about the year 1,000. Originally they used sheep milk but later used milk from cows. It is left to ripen for up to three months. The area is also known for the Tornjak dog and Pramenka sheep. The Tornjak is believed to have existed for more than a thousand years. They are bred to guard the sheep from wolves and bears. The Tornjak's name comes from the Croatian word "tor" which means "a fenced area for sheep." Travnik Travnik ("Травник") is a town in central Bosnia and Herzegovina, west of Sarajevo. It is the capital of the Central Bosnia Canton. It is in the Travnik Municipality. In 2013, the town of Travnik had 16,534 residents. The Travnik metropolitan area population was 57,543 people. In 1699 it became the residence of the viziers of the Ottoman province of Bosnia. Travnik is close to the geographic center of Bosnia and Herzegovina at . The river Lašva flows from west to east through the city. Travnik is in the Lašva valley. This valley connects the Bosna river valley to the Vrbas river valley. Travnik is above sea level. The Vilenica and Vlašić mountains are two of the geographical features found near Travnik. Vlašić mountain is at the very center of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its highest peak is Paljenik with an elevation of . Central Bosnia Canton The Central Bosnia Canton (, ) is the sixth of ten cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is in the center of the country, to the west of Sarajevo. The center of the canton government is in Travnik. According to the census of 2013, the population was 273,149 in the Central Bosnia Canton. This is a population density of 85.65/km2 The canton is split into the municipalities of Bugojno, Busovača, Dobretići, Donji Vakuf, Fojnica, Gornji Vakuf-Uskoplje, Jajce, Kiseljak, Kreševo, Novi Travnik, Travnik, Vitez. West Sutton railway station West Sutton railway station opened in 1930. The only operator for this station is Thameslink. This station is in Fare Zone 5. Platforms. There are two platforms for this station. Platform 1 is for trains towards Sutton (Surrey). Platform 2 is for trains towards Luton. Frequency. This list shows the frequency of trains on typical off-peak hours. Buses. London buses route 413 operates at this station. Departures. This table shows the departures from this station with the calling points and the time that is taken to get to the end of the line. Wallington railway station Wallington railway station is a train station in the London Borough of Sutton in south London. It opened in 1847. The trains for this station are operated by Southern (train operating company). This station is in fare zone 5. Platforms. There are two platforms for this station. Platform 1 is for trains towards Victoria station via Crystal Palace and Norbury. Platform 2 is for trains towards Sutton (Surrey), Epsom and Epsom Downs. Frequency. This list shows the frequency of trains on typical off-peak hours. Buses. London buses routes 127, 151, 157, 410, 455, 463, 612, 627, 633 and S4 operates at this station. Departures. This table shows the departures from this station with the calling points and the time that is taken to get to the end of the line. Arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg The arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg is an arrondissement of France in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Haguenau. History. The "arrondissement" of Haguenau-Wissembourg was formed when the former "arrondissements" of Haguenau and of Wissembourg were merged on 1 January 2015 to form the new "arrondissement". Several communes from the arrondissements of Strasbourg-Campagne and Saverne were added as well. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Haguenau-Wissembourg is in the northeast of the Bas-Rhin department. It is bordered to the north and east by Germany, to the south by the Strasbourg "arrondissement", to the southwest by the Saverne "arrondissement" and to the west by the Moselle department. The "arrondissement" of Haguenau-Wissembourg has an area of . It is the largest of the 5 "arrondissements" of the department but the second in population (240,402 inhabitants), with a population density of inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are 5 cantons in the arrondissement of Haguenau-Wissembourg: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Haguenau-Wissembourg has 142 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Versace Versace S.p.A, usually called Versace is an Italian luxury fashion house. It was founded by Gianni Versace in 1978. One of the logos of the brand represents the head of Medusa. Since the death of Gianni Versace in 1997, Donatella Versace is the head of designs. Her daughter Allegra Versace owns half of the company. Arrondissement of Molsheim The arrondissement of Molsheim is an arrondissement of France in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Molsheim. History. At the 2015 arrondissements reform, the "arrondissement" of Molsheim was expanded with several communes from the "arrondissements" of Strasbourg-Campagne and Saverne. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Molsheim is in the west of the Bas-Rhin department. It is bordered to the north by the Saverne "arrondissement", to the east by the Strasbourg "arrondissement", to the southeast by the Sélestat-Erstein "arrondissement", to the southwest by the Vosges department, to the west by the Meurthe-et-Moselle department and to the northwest by the Moselle department. The "arrondissement" of Molsheim has an area of and a population of 103,068 inhabitants for a population density of inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are 3 cantons in the arrondissement of Molsheim: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Molsheim has 77 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Nanotyrannus Nanotyrannus (meaning "dwarf tyrant") is a doubtful genus of tyrannosaurid dinosaur. They may be a juveniles of "Tyrannosaurus" or a similar genus. The issue is not yet decided. Only two or three specimens are known. They are from the end of the Upper Cretaceous, 67 million years ago. Arrondissement of Saverne The arrondissement of Saverne is an arrondissement of France in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Saverne. History. At the 2015 arrondissements reform, the "arrondissement" of Saverne was expanded with several communes from the "arrondissement" of Strasbourg-Campagne, and some of its communes were reassigned to the arrondissements of Haguenau-Wissembourg and Molsheim. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Saverne is the most western of the Bas-Rhin department. It is bordered to the northeast by the Haguenau-Wissembourg "arrondissement", to the southeast by the Strasbourg "arrondissement", to the south by the Molsheim "arrondissement". The Moselle department is to the southwest, west and north. The "arrondissement" of Saverne has an area of and a population of 129,272 inhabitants for a population density of inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are 3 cantons in the arrondissement of Saverne: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Saverne has 164 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Bosniaks The Bosniaks (Bošnjaci/Бошњаци, feminine: "Bošnjakinja"/Бошњакиња) are South Slavic nation and ethnic group. They come from Old Bosnia, which is today Bosnia and Herzegovina, though many of them are from the other Balkan populations, especially Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia. They come from medieval Bosnians or Bošnjani, Slavic that lived in what was then Bosnia. Medieval Bosniaks or Bosnians (called Dobri bošnjani = "Good Bosnians") practiced different religions but they all spoke the Bosnian language. Today, Bosniaks are mostly Bosnian-speaking, and write in the Latin alphabet or Cyrillic alphabet. Most modern Bosniaks are Muslims, and some are agnostic and atheists. They have both European and Islamic heritage. Both within the Balkans region and throughout the world, Bosniaks are often noted for their unique culture, which has been influenced by both eastern and western civilizations and schools of thought over the course of their history. The Oxford English Dictionary says the ethnonym "Bosniak" was first used in English by the British diplomat and historian Paul Rycaut in 1680. He spelled it "Bosnack" to sound like the post-classical Latin "Bosniacus" (possibly earlier than 1682), the French word "Bosniaque" (1695 or earlier) or the German word "Bosniak" (1737 or earlier). An ethnonym is a name of a group of people. The 1836 version of "Penny Cyclopaedia" V. 231/1 uses the modern spelling: All Slavic languages use the suffix "-ak" for masculine nouns. For example, people from the ethnic group in Poland can be called "Polak" and people from Slovakia Slovaks ("Slovák"). Consequently, "Bosniak" is logic equivalent to its non-ethnic counterpart "Bosnian," which came to English from Middle French as "Bosnien"): a native of Bosnia. English-speakers usually say "Bosnian Muslims" when they mean Bosniaks, but this is not completely correct because not all Bosniaks are Muslims. Partly because of this, ever since the country Yugoslavia broke up, people have started to say "Bosniak" instead of "Muslim" as an official way to talk about this group of people ethnic term to avoid confusion. They also say "Bosnians", but this word can mean anyone from Bosnia or Herzegovina, not just members of the Bosniak ethnic group. A few million Bosniaks live in the Balkans, and about one million other Bosniaks live in other parts of the world. Ethnic cleansing and genocide during World War II (1939-1945) and the Bosnian War (1993–95) killed many Bosniaks and drove others to move away from where they had been living. Partially because of this, there has been a Bosniak diaspora in a number of countries, including Bosnian Austrians, Germany, Bosnian Australians, Sweden, Turkey, Canada, and the United States. Arrondissement of Sélestat-Erstein The arrondissement of Sélestat-Erstein is an arrondissement of France in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Sélestat. History. When the Bas-Rhin department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Sélestat (or Sélestat-Erstein) was part of that original department. The subprefecture of Barr was moved to Schlestadt (Sélestat) in 1806. In 1974, the "arrondissements" of Sélestat and Erstein were combined to form the new "arrondissement" of Sélestat-Erstein. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Sélestat-Erstein is the most southern of the Bas-Rhin department. It is bordered to the west and north by the Molsheim "arrondissement", to the northeast by the Strasbourg "arrondissement", to the east by Germany, to the south by the Haut-Rhin department and to the soutwest by the Vosges department. The "arrondissement" of Sélestat-Erstein has an area of and a population of 155,916 inhabitants for a population density of inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are 5 cantons in the "arrondissement" of Sélestat-Erstein: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Sélestat-Erstein has 101 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Arrondissement of Strasbourg The arrondissement of Strasbourg is an arrondissement of France in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region. Its capital, and prefecture of the department, is the city of Strasbourg. History. The arrondissement of Strasbourg was created at the 2015 "arrondissements" reform by the merger of the former "arrondissement" of Strasbourg-Ville with part of the "arrondissement" of Strasbourg-Campagne. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Strasbourg is in the west of the Bas-Rhin department. It is bordered to the north by the Haguenau-Wissembourg "arrondissement", to the south by the Sélestat-Erstein "arrondissement", to the southwest by the Molsheim "arrondissement" and to the west by the Saverne "arrondissement". Germany is to the east of the "arrondissement". The "arrondissement" of Strasbourg is the smallest of the "arrondissements" of the department with an area of but is the one with more people living in it with a population of 484,157 inhabitants for a population density of inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are 11 cantons in the "arrondissement" of Strasbourg: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Strasbourg has 33 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Joe Ranft Joseph Henry "Joe" Ranft (March 13, 1960 – August 16, 2005) was an American screenwriter, animator, storyboard artist, voice actor and magician. He worked for Pixar Animation Studios and The Walt Disney Company. His brother, Jerome Ranft, is a sculptor who also worked on several Pixar movies. He received an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay nomination as one of the writers of "Toy Story" (1995). He was also a story supervisor for the film. He had just finished his assignment as head of story for the 2006 movie "Cars", when he was killed in a car crash. Bosnian War The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina or Bosnian War is the generally accepted name for an international military conflict in the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which lasted from April 6th 1992 to December 14th 1995, between Serbia and Montenegro, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Croatia. This war is often appointed and as The aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina and Civil War in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia and Herzegovina formally indicted Serbia and Montenegro for genocide before the International Court of Justice. The Court 21st February 2007 published a judgment in which he concluded that the war had an international character. It was estimated that in the nearly 4 year war killed 100,000 - 200,000 people, while over 2,000,000 people had to leave their homes. According to more recent reports, the war killed around 94,000 inhabitants, and displaced about 1,800,000 people. The war was caused by a complex combination of the general political, social and security crisis in the country, which followed the end of the Cold War and the fall of the socialist system in Yugoslavia. The war ended with the signing Peace Agreement in Dayton, Ohio on 21 November 1995. Flåm Flåm is a village in Norway. It is in the municipality of Aurland in Sogn og Fjordane county. The closest airport is Sogndal Airport, Haukåsen, which is about from Flåm. The European route E16 highway between Oslo and Bergen runs through Flåm. Population. In 2014, the population was reported to be around 350. Laetitia Casta Laetitia Casta (born 11 May 1978) is a French actress and model. She is a spokesmodel for L'Oréal since 1998. She was a Victoria's Secret Angel from 1998 to 2000. Career. In 1999, she had her first role in a movie. It was "Asterix & Obelix Take On Caesar" by Claude Berri. In 2008, she had a Swann d'Or for her rôle in the movie "Born in 68". In 2011, she was nominated for the César Award for best actress, for her role of Brigitte Bardot in the movie "". In 2012, she was made Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by Frédé­ric Mitter­rand. Since 2014, she has a wax sculpture at the Musée Grévin, a wax museum in Paris. Muck, Scotland Muck is an island in Scotland. It is the smallest main island of the Small Isles, which are part of the Inner Hebrides. There are about 27 people living on the island. Most of them live near Port Mòr. North Rona North Rona is an island in Scotland. It is in the Inner Hebrides. It has an area of 109 hectares (270 acres). The maximum elevation is 108 metres (354 ft). No people live on the island. Ischigualasto Provincial Park Ischigualasto Provincial Park is a protected area in San Juan Province, north-western Argentina. The park is also called Valle de la Luna ("Valley of the Moon") due to its otherworldly appearance. It contains the geological formation called the "Ischigualasto Formation". The formation is also included in the Talampaya National Park in the La Rioja Province. The Ischigualasto Formation has fossils from the Triassic period. These are some of the oldest known dinosaur remains. In 2000 UNESCO included Ischigualasto in its World Heritage Sites. Martin Sjögren Martin Sjögren (born 27 April 1977) is a Swedish football coach. He became the coach of the Norway women's national football team in 2016. He won the Damallsvenskan title with Linköpings FC in 2016, then agreed to take the Norway national team job. Port Mòr Port Mòr is a harbor and settlement on the Isle of Muck in the Inner Hebrides off the West Coast of Scotland. It has a population of 27 people. Fossil evidence. In 2011, a fossil was discovered in Port Mor. It was a bony fish named "Moricus" in 2015 after Port Mor, where it was discovered. Andrew Kishino Andrew Kishino (born March 20, 1970) is a Canadian voice actor with recent roles including Janja on "The Lion Guard" and Saw Gerrera on "". Personal life. He married to voice actress Vanessa Marshall in 2001 and broke up in 2007. Collonges, Switzerland Collonges is a municipality of the district of Saint-Maurice in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. Dorénaz Dorénaz is a municipality of the district Saint-Maurice in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. List of protected areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina National parks of Bosnia and Herzegovina Nature parks of Bosnia and Herzegovina Sutjeska National Park The Sutjeska National Park is a national park in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is in the Republika Srpska. Established in 1962, it is Bosnia and Herzegovina's oldest national park. The park includes the highest mountain in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Maglić. The park covers an area of about . Perućica Forest Reserve is located within the park. It is long, wide, and has an area of . It is a UNESCO recognized site. The forest has many trees that are 300 years old. It is a primeval forest. Cockpit (sailing) A cockpit is a name for the location of the controls of a vessel. It is usually an open well in the deck of a boat outside the cabin. In modern boats a cockpit may refer to an enclosed area. Smaller boats typically have an "aft cockpit," towards the stern of the boat. Larger vessels may provide a "center cockpit" with greater protection from the weather. On a recreational sailboat, the cockpit is often the safest place for the crew. History. In the Royal Navy, the term "cockpit" originally meant the place where the coxswain was stationed. This led to the word being used for the area near the stern of a small boat that houses the rudder controls. The midshipmen and master's mates were later assigned to sleep in the cockpit. It was also the place where the ship's surgeon and his mates were stationed during battle. Gummy bear A gummy bear is a small fruit gum candy that is made to look like a bear. It is often sticky. Kruševo Brdo Kruševo Brdo is a village in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. It belongs to the Municipality of Kotor Varoš. It is divided into Krševo Brdo I and II for administration. This village is located at the beginning of the valley of the Vrbanja river. It is on the northeastern slopes of the Vlašić mountain. It is km to Šiprage and to Kotor-Varoš. The valley spreads along the Vrbanja river to its estuary in Vrbas (Banja Luka). The Ilomska river is north of Kruševo Brdo. All local roads descend into this place. During the Bosnian War (1992–95), Bosnian Serb Police and Army forces destroyed Bosniaks's villages downstream along the Vrbanja from Kruševo Brdo, via Šiprage, and Kotor Varoš to Banja Luka. After 1996, most of the Bosniak's villages were partly restored thanks to the Luxembourgish government. Misiones Department Misiones () is a department in Paraguay. The capital is the city of San Juan Bautista. Its code is PY-08. Its present name was given to the province because it was a region where there were several Jesuit missions. History. The town of Yabebyry was established in 1790, and later, the towns of San Miguel and San Juan Bautista were founded. In 1906, the Misiones department was created in 1906 as the "San Ignacio" department with 8 districts: San Ignacio, Santa Rosa, Santa María, Santiago, San Juan Bautista, San Miguel, Ayolas and Florida. When the department was renamed as Misiones in 1945, its capital was moved from San Ignacio to San Juan Bautista. Geography. The Misiones department is in the south of the "Oriental" region. It has an area of , of the area of Paraguay. Its estimated population in 2013 is 119,719 for a population density of inhabitants/km2. Misiones department is relatively flat and several rivers and streams flow through its territory. The northern and southern borders of the department are formed by, respectively, the "Tebicuary" and the "Paraná" rivers. Climate. , the total amount of precipitation for the year 2012 in the city of San Juan Bautista was . The month with the most precipitation was April with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation was June with . The average temperature for the year 2012 in San Juan Bautista was . The warmest month, on average, was February with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of . Districts. The department is divided in 22 districts: Economy. The basic economical activity of this department is cattle raising. As for agriculture, the fields are mainly in the north and center of the department. Tourism. Its main attractions are the beaches formed by the rivers Paraná and Tebicuary. Villa Florida is a city which offers landscapes to its visitors. Eigg Eigg is a small island off the coast of Scotland. It is 9 km wide and has a population of 83 people. Eiggs highest point is it's only mountain, An Sgùrr. Dayton S. Mak Dayton S. Mak (10 July 1917 - 16 March 2018) was a former U.S. diplomat. He served posts in England, Libya, Lebanon, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Germany. He was the first U.S. ambassador of Kuwait. Mak was also former Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, for Near East South Asia Affairs. Leah Bracknell Leah Bracknell (born Alison Rosalind Bracknell 12 July 1964 – September 2019) was an English actress. She was best known for her role as Zoe Tate in "Emmerdale". She was also a teacher with the British School of Yoga and designs and produces her own line of jewelry. In October 2016, Bracknell revealed that she was suffering from terminal lung cancer. She died from the disease at her Worthing home in September 2019, aged 55. Gord Downie Gordon Edgar "Gord" Downie (6 February 1964 – 17 October 2017) was a Canadian rock musician, writer, and occasional actor. He was the lead singer and lyricist for the Canadian rock band The Tragically Hip. He released five solo albums: "Coke Machine Glow" (2001), "Battle of the Nudes" (2003), "The Grand Bounce" (2010), "And the Conquering Sun" (2014) and "Secret Path" (2016). On the first three of these, he was backed by the Country of Miracles; Downie was diagnosed with glioblastoma, a rare form of brain cancer in May 2016. He died from the disease on 17 October 2017 in Toronto at the age of 53. Nobby Stiles Norbert Peter "Nobby" Stiles MBE (May 18, 1942 – October 30, 2020) was an English footballer. He was born in Collyhurst, Manchester. Career. Stiles played for England for five years, winning 28 caps and scoring 1 goal. He played every minute of England's victorious 1966 FIFA World Cup campaign. His best performance in an England shirt was probably the semi-final of that tournament against Portugal, where he was given the job of marking the prolific Eusébio. His tough performance resulted in Eusébio being practically nullified for the entire game. Stiles also played very well in the final, which England won 4–2 against West Germany. His post-match celebration has become one of the most famous images in English sport history. The sight of Stiles dancing on the Wembley pitch, holding the World Cup trophy in one hand and his false teeth in the other, has lived for decades. Death. On 24 November 2013, it was announced that Stiles was diagnosed with prostate cancer. Stiles died on 30 October 2020 after suffering with prostate cancer and advanced dementia in Manchester, aged 78. Jill Gascoine Jill Gascoine (11 April 1937 – 28 April 2020) was a British actress and novelist. She was best known for her role as Detective Inspector Maggie Forbes in the 1980s television series "The Gentle Touch" and its spin-off series "C.A.T.S. Eyes". In the 1990s, she also became a novelist and has published three books. In June 2013, Gascoine publicly revealed that she has Alzheimer's disease. In November 2016 her husband, Alfred Molina, reported that she was "in a very advanced stage of Alzheimer's", and had been in a specialist care home for over two years. She died from the disease on 28 April 2020, aged 83. Ian St John Ian St John (7 June 1938 – 1 March 2021) was a Scottish footballer. He played as a centre-forward. He is best known as a Liverpool player from 1961 to 1971. He won two First Division league titles and an FA Cup (scoring the 117th minute winning goal in the 1965 final) with Liverpool. He played for Scotland 21 times. He later became a manager and pundit. He was born in Motherwell, Lanarkshire. In 2008, he was added to the Scottish Football Hall of Fame. In June 2014, he announced that he had surgery for bladder cancer in April of that year. The surgery removed his bladder and prostate gland. St John died on 1 March 2021 after a long-illness in Arrowe Park, Merseyside at the age of 82. Canna Canna is a small island in the Small Isles in the Inner Hebrides. As of 2017, there are 12 people on the island. Canna is linked to its neighbouring island Sanday by a single road. Canna has its own native animal, the "Canna Fruit Bat". Rum (island) Rum (often spelt "Rùm") is a small island in the Small Islands in the Inner Hebrides. The population ia around 22 as of 2017. Sanday Sanday is an island off the coast of Canna. Sanday is home to 9 people as of 2017. Raasay Raasay is an island in the Inner Hebrides near Skye. The highest elevation is 444 m (1,457 ft) at Dùn Caan. Raasay has a population of 161 people as of 2017. Gay Byrne Gabriel Mary "Gay" Byrne (5 August 1934 – 4 November 2019), affectionately known as Uncle Gay, Gaybo or Uncle Gaybo, was a veteran Irish presenter of radio and television for several decades. His most known role was first host of "The Late Late Show" over a 37-year period spanning 1962 until 1999. Early life. Byrne was born in Rialto, Dublin. He studied at Trinity College, Dublin. He was the first person to broadcast The Beatles on television. Career. From 1973 until 1998, Byrne presented "The Gay Byrne Hour"—later "The Gay Byrne Show" when it expanded to two hours—on RTÉ Radio 1 each weekday morning. Since retiring from his long-running radio and television shows, Byrne has presented several other programmes, including "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "The Meaning of Life" and "For One Night Only" on RTÉ One and "Sunday Serenade"/"Sunday with Gay Byrne" on RTÉ lyric fm. In 2006 he was elected Chairman of Ireland's Road Safety Authority. Since retiring he has become the "Elder Lemon of Irish broadcasting". Personal life. Byrne is married to Kathleen Watkins. Together they have two adopted daughters. He lives in Sandymount, Dublin with his wife. On 21 November 2016 he revealed, live on a radio broadcast, that he was to begin treatment for prostate cancer and that the cancer may have also spread to his lower back. He died from the disease in Dublin on 4 November 2019 at the age of 85. Elizabeth Dawn Elizabeth "Liz" Dawn MBE (8 November 1939 – 25 September 2017) was an English actress. She was best known for her role as Vera Duckworth in the long-running British soap opera "Coronation Street". Dawn was awarded an MBE in October 2000 for her services to charity and for having helped raise hundreds of thousands of pounds for hospitals in the Manchester and Leeds areas. Errol Christie Errol Christie (29 June 1963 – 11 June 2017) was a former professional English boxer and currently a boxing trainer. He was the captain of the English amateur boxing team from 1980 to 1983 and European amateur champion in 1983. After turning professional he was a regular fixture on "ITV Fight Night" in the 1980s. After retiring from boxing he became a trainer in white collar boxing. In March 2015 Christie was diagnosed with small-cell lung cancer. He died in London on 11 June 2017 from complications of the disease, aged 53. Paul Rycaut Sir Paul Rycaut (1628–1700) was a British diplomat, author and traveler. Rycaut served as secretary to the British Embassy at Constantinople. Afterward, he served as consul to the Levant Company in Smyrna, Turkey. He was the English ambassador to Hamburg. Rycaut was a Fellow of the Royal Society. Career. Rycaut was born in November or December of 1628 in Aylesford, Kent. His parents were Peter and Mary Rycaut. His father, Peter Rycaut, was originally from Spain and was a representative in London for the King of Spain. He had also loaned the king money during his war with Holland. Because of this he was exiled from England by Cromwell and lost all his property. Rycaut's mother, Mary van der Colge, was the daughter of silk merchant from Spitalfields whose father had fled Belgium as a result of the persecution of Protestants by the Spanish. Mary was born in London, United Kingdom and was a member of the Huguenot Society in London. Rycaut learned Greek and Latin probably while still in grammar school in Kent. He graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1650. In 1652, he was admitted to Gray's Inn. When Rycaut traveled to Spain to ask Philip IV of Spain for repayment of his father's loans, the king received him warmly. The king arranged for Rycaut to attend the University of Alcalá free of charge. In 1659, Rycaut became the private secretary to Heneage Finch who was the Levant Company ambassador to Constantinople. While there Rycaut learned Turkish and began writing his book "The Present State of the Ottoman Empire." He returned to England in 1665. Rycaut was sent to Smyrna in 1667 as the agent of the Levant Company where he spent 11 years. On his return to England in 1778 he became private secretary to King William III of England for two years. He was then appointed as ambassador to Hamburg. He was knighted in 1685. On March 28, 1700 he returned to London. On November 9 that same year he suffered a heart attack. Rycaut died on November 16, 1700. Cantor's theorem In set theory Cantor's theorem states that the set which contains all subsets of a set has a greater cardinality than the set itself. Georg Cantor showed this in an article he published in 1890. The theorem is valid both for finite and infinite sets. Small Isles The Small isles are the four islands, Muck, Rùm, Eigg, Canna and several other islands. They are a small archipelago of islands in the Inner Hebrides, off the west coast of Scotland. They are south of Skye and north of Mull and Ardnamurchan. The Small Isles is one of 40 National Scenic Areas in Scotland. They can be reached by taking a ferry from either Arisaig or Mallaig on the mainland. Lycorhinus Lycorhinus is a genus of omnivorous heterodontosaurid dinosaur. Concepción, Paraguay Concepción is a district and city in northern Paraguay and capital of the Concepción Department. It is next to the Paraguay River. The city is at about to the north of Asunción, the capital of Paraguay. History. The Spanish Governor of Paraguay, Agustín Fernado de Pinedo, founded Concepción in 1773 with the name of "Villa Real de Concepción". The town prospered in the early years of the 20th century, as a centre for the north of the country, the "Gran Chaco", and a river port. The town was also the initial centre for the Paraguayan civil war of 1947. Geography. The city of Concepción is in the southwest of the Concepción department, in the north of the "Oriental" region. The district has an area of and an estimated population in 2015 of 80,622 for a population density of inhabitants/km2. Climate. Concepcion has a tropical wet and dry/ savanna climate (Köppen climate classification : Aw) with a pronounced dry season in winter. The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is . Most rains fall during summer. The month with the most precipitation on average is December with of rainfall, followed by November with . The driest season is winter. The month with the least rainfall on average is July with an average of and the second is August with . Concepción is in a warm region; the average temperature for the year is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is June, with an average temperature of . Square rig Square rig refers to a type of sail and rigging where the sails are mounted on horizontal spars. The number of masts, the square sails and how the yards (spars) are set out distinguishes a square-rigged ship. The classic example of a square-rig is a three masted fully rigged ship. The square-rigger descends from the lateen-rig. Its angled sails became square sails. The full-rigged ship is a ship with square-rigged sails on all its masts. The square rig with all its sails and rigging is hard to handle when tacking or "coming about". In the trade winds, square-rigged ships have an advantage, especially in deep water. Water Under the Bridge "Water Under the Bridge" is a song by English singer-songwriter Adele. It is the sixth song on her third studio album, "25". It was written by Adele and her frequent writing partner, Greg Kurstin, who also produced the song. "Water Under the Bridge" was the fourth single from "25" on November 4, 2016. The song is a more upbeat song, similar to "Rolling in the Deep". So far, it has charted at number 26 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. It was certified gold by the RIAA in 2017 for shipments of 500,000 copies in the US. Critical reception. When reviewing "25", Lewis Corner from "Digital Spy" wrote that Adele and Kurstin "strike upon a shimmering mid-tempo pop parade, as the London singer proclaims 'if you're gonna let me down, let me down gently' over the chewiest melody she's laid her vocals on. […] Adele's perceptive lyric and rich vocal makes it entirely her own." Večići Večići is a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is in the Kotor Varoš Municipality in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. It spreads across Večićko polje (Večići's field), nearby the mouth of Cvrcka (in Vrbanja river), and Vrbanjci, a larger village. In 1991 its population was 1744. In 2013 it was 797, all of whom are Bosniaks. During the Bosnian War, the village was a pocket of Bosniak resistance against the Bosnian Serb Army and Police forces. It suffered severe damages, including destruction of the village mosque. The anthropologist Madelyn Iris noted that Some of the villagers died in a massacre at nearby Grabovica in November 1992 and 150-200 men and boys were killed in the village school. As of 2017 these people are still on the list of missing persons. Merchant vessel A merchant vessel or trading vessel is a boat or ship that transports cargo or carries passengers for hire. This does not include pleasure craft that do not carry passengers for hire. Warships are also not considered to be merchant ships. Types. They come in large number of sizes and shapes. They range from twenty-foot inflatable dive boats in Hawaii, to 5,000 passenger casino vessels on the Mississippi River. They include tugboats working in New York Harbor, to 1,000 foot oil tankers and container ships. Some of the more common types are: Fleets. Most countries of the world operate fleets of merchant ships. However, due to the high costs of operations, today these fleets are in many cases sailing under the flags of other nations. These are countries that specialize in providing manpower and services at very good terms. Such flags are known as "flags of convenience". Currently, Liberia and Panama are two of the most popular flags of convenience. Ownership of the vessels can be by any country, however. Today, Japan and Greece are two of the largest merchant fleets by capacity. In 2014, the two countries shipped about 30% of the world's tonnage. However, China is now the nation that owns the most merchant ships. During wars, merchant ships may be used as auxiliaries to the navies of their respective countries. They are called on to deliver military personnel and material. Cvrcka The Cvrcka is a river in Central Bosnia, the largest left bank tributary of Vrbanja river. It rises in area of Skender Vakuf on the northern slopes of Čemernica, on the same drainage divide as the Jakotina. Jakotina is another tributary of the same river, which flows in same parallel direction to Vrbanja river. It streams are consisted by two rivers: Međurača (source at about 1,200 m) and Vukača (source at about 1,150 m). Its estuary is between Večići and Vrbanjci (310 m above sea level). Vrbanjci Vrbànjci is a village in the Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the Municipality of Kotor Varoš, Republika Srpska. Geography. Vrbanjci spread along the Vrbanja river (for which it is named), between its tributaries Jezerka, Bosanka, and Cvrcka. History. The history of this area commemorates the battle on The Field of Večići, on the Vrbanja river, where was the clash between the Ottomans army and repressed pro Bosnian forces, from almost the entire State of Bosnia. According to the historical context, it probably happened around 1463, when Bosnia fell under Ottoman Administration. During the last War in Bosnia (1992–1995), Serb paramilitary and police forces have committed severe crimes against the civilian Bosniaks and Croats populations in Vrbanjaca and surrounding villages, including Večići Most of the refugees of the Bosniak population are back in their native lands and have restored their houses, with the assistance of the international community, but above all thanks to their own resources. Since 1995, parents of Bosniak's pupils at the local Elementary school "Sveti Sava" have been running a leongly court case to exercise their Constitutional right to teach in their native Bosnian language. Following a decade-long denial of the lawsuit at the Municipal Court in Kotor Varoš and the District Court in Banja Luka, the Constitutional Court of RS issued a verdict in their favor only in December 2019, obliging the defendant to reimburse all costs of the trial. Bosanka (river) Bosanka (Bosnian women) is a river in central Bosnia. It is a right tributary of the Vrbanja river. It rises on the southern slopes of the Uzlomac mountain (elevation about ) in four streams. The length is about . Flowing through Petrovići, and its mouth in Vrbanja river is between the villages of Dabovci and Dudići. The mouth of the river is downstream from Vrbanjci, along highway M-4 (Banja Luka - Doboj). The only significant (left) tributary to Bosanka is the Vodalka. In 1950 there were eight watermills in the Bosanke and Vodalke river basins. On the eastern side of Vodalke are several creeks, such the Zmajevac, Pirizevac and Breska. On the western side are the Jelovac, Pušića potok, Svinjara and Jošavka. During the War in Bosnia people living in the area of the Bosanka were expelled and killed. This is especially true in the village of Vrbanjci, and nearby surrounding Večići, Hrvaćani, Garići and Rujevica. Tony Atkinson Sir Anthony Barnes "Tony" Atkinson, (4 September 1944 – 1 January 2017) was a British economist. He was the Senior Research Fellow of Nuffield College, Oxford and Centennial Professor at the London School of Economics. A student of James Meade, Atkinson virtually single-handedly established the modern British field of inequality and poverty studies. He worked on inequality and poverty for over four decades. Atkinson died on 1 January 2017 from multiple myeloma in Oxford, England, aged 72. Hilarion Capucci Hilarion Capucci (2 March 1922 – 1 January 2017) was a Syrian Catholic bishop. He served as the titular archbishop of Caesarea in the Melkite Greek Catholic Church. He was born in Aleppo, Syria. During his time in office, he was a critic of Israel, showing support with the Palestinians. On 20 July 1947, he was ordained a priest of the Basilian Alepian Order. On 30 July 1965, he was appointed archbishop and consecrated. On 1 January 2017, the Vatican announced that Capucci had died in Rome, aged 94. Memo Morales Guillermo Enrique Morales Portillo, better known as Memo Morales (6 April 1937 – 1 January 2017) was a Venezuelan singer also known as "El Gitano Maracucho". He was the voice main of important orchestras of the country. In 1981, he founded, with Luisín Landaez, "La Nuestra", and in 1984, with Cheo García, created "La Gran Orquesta de Cheo y Memo". They performed together until Garcia's death in 1994. Morales died on 1 January 2017 in Caracas, Venezuela from a heart attack, aged 79. Uzlomac Uzlomac is a long mountain in Central Bosnia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, east from line direction Maslovare – Vrbanjci – Kotor Varoš – Čelinac. It stretches in southeast – northwest direction, through the mountainous area, from Kruševica river to Jošavka. Its maximum altitude is . On Uzlomac rise many tributaries of Vrbanja river, Usora and Ukrina, i.e. tributaries of Vrbas and Bosna (river) confluences. Yaakov Neeman Yaakov Neeman (‎ , 16 September 1939 – 1 January 2017) was an Israeli lawyer and academic. He was born in Tel Aviv. Neeman served as Minister of Justice in 1996 and again from 2009 through 2013. He also served as Minister of Finance from 1997 through 1998. He was also professor of law at the Bar-Ilan University. Neeman died on 1 January 2017 in Jerusalem, aged 77. Get Dumb "Get Dumb" is a 2007 single by Swedish DJs Axwell, Steve Angello and Sebastian Ingrosso (later known as Swedish House Mafia) along with Dutch DJ Laidback Luke. The song was also the first ever collaboration by the Swedish trio before their formation as a supergroup. Small-cell carcinoma Small-cell carcinoma (also known as "small-cell lung cancer", or "oat-cell carcinoma") is a type of highly malignant cancer that most commonly arises within the lung, although it can occasionally arise in other body sites, such as the cervix, prostate, and gastrointestinal tract. Small cell carcinoma has a shorter doubling time, higher growth fraction, and earlier development of metastases compared to a non-small cell carcinoma. Ciarán Hinds Ciarán Hinds ( ; born 9 February 1953) is an Irish movie, television and stage actor. He is known for his roles in "Road to Perdition", "The Sum of All Fears", "The Phantom of the Opera", "Munich", "There Will Be Blood", "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2", "The Woman in Black", "Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy", "" and "Frozen". He played Steppenwolf, in the 2017 movie "Justice League" and its director's cut in 2021. In 2022, Hinds was nominated for an Academy Award for his role in "Belfast". Olivia (name) Olivia is a female given name in English. It is derived from the Latin word "olive". It dates back to the 13th century. Many people think the name was first used by William Shakespeare for a character in "Twelfth Night". People with the name include Olivia Newton-John, Olivia de Havilland and Olivia Munn. Wonder Woman (2017 movie) Wonder Woman is an American superhero movie. It is based on the DC Comics character Wonder Woman. It is distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. Background. The movie is intended to be the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe. The movie is directed by Patty Jenkins, written by Allan Heinberg, Geoff Johns and Patty Jenkins, and from a story by Heinberg and Zack Snyder. Principal photography began in late November 2015 and wrapped in May 2016. "Wonder Woman" was released on June 2, 2017 in the United States, in 2D, 3D and IMAX 3D. Records. The movie set many box office records, including becoming the highest-grossing movie directed by a woman, the biggest domestic opening for a movie directed by a woman, the highest-grossing superhero origin movie domestically, the largest opening for a female-led comic book movie. Sequel. At the 2017 San Diego Comic Con, Warner Bros. officially announced a sequel would be released on December 13, 2019, and would be titled "Wonder Woman 1984"; the date was later moved up to November 1, 2019, to avoid competition with "". Muriel (name) Muriel is a female given name in the English language. It is also a family name. The name has been around for a long time in Breton, Celtic, Irish and Scottish Gaelic languages. The name was common in medieval England, often formatted as Merial. Usage of "Muriel" peaked in the early 1920s. Use of the name has steadily declined over time. People with the family name include Alma Muriel. Fictional characters named "Muriel" include Muriel Heslop from "Muriel's Wedding". Emmanuel Niyonkuru Emmanuel Niyonkuru (20 July 1962 – 1 January 2017) was a Burundian politician. He was appointed to the Government of Burundi as Minister of Water and Environment in 2015, after having been elected as a senator for the district of Muramvya. He was born in the Commune of Rutegama, Burundi. Niyonkuru was assassinated by gunshot in the capital city of Bujumbura on 1 January 2016, aged 54. A woman was reportedly arrested. Joseph A. Califano Jr. Joseph Anthony Califano Jr. (born May 15, 1931) is a retired American politician. He served as United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare from 1977 through 1979 under the Jimmy Carter administration. He is the founder and chairman of The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (CASAColumbia), an evidence-based research organization. He is one of two living former Secretaries of Health, Education, and Welfare (the other is his predecessor, F. David Mathews). He has been Adjunct Professor of Public Health (Health Policy and Management) at Columbia University Medical School (Department of Psychiatry) and School of Public Health and is a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. Usora (river) Usora is left tributary of the Bosnia in central Bosnia. The total length of the river Usora – from sources below the top of the mountain Očauš to the mouth above the Doboj is about 82 kilometers. The town of Teslić, through which it flows, bears the local name Velika Usora (Great Usora), since under the city at a place called Sastavci meets with his same named, but a lot less left tributary Mala Usora (Little Usora). It also comes from the mountain masiff Uzlomac – Borja – Očauš below it in smaller distances rises more Bosnia river and their tributaries, as well as the basin Vrbanja river and Ukrina. In its upper reaches, the river makes a wide loop around Borja, from its southwest to northeast slopes. Great Usora created by merging Gomjenice and Brkića stream. Small Usora springs below (south) of the main road M-4 (Banja Luka – Matuzići, some 10 km west of Pribinić). Before Sastavci locality, right tributary to it are: Mišića rijeka, Great Ostružnja, Inova , Miljkovača, Velika rijeka (Great river), Brezna and smaller streams, as well as left: Rankovića rijeka, and Gračanica. In much of the flow Ukrina is flooding river but the increasingly frequent flooding causes significant damages. In the early Bosnian history Usora belonged to gold-bearing river, and it is believed that this is still in its upper course along with the many large and small tributaries and streams. Obvious hydro-energy potential Usora is permanently unused, and fish stocks almost negligible, especially if one takes into account the centuries-old discharging untreated waste industrial water Chemical Distillation of wood in Teslić. Echinodon Echinodon is a genus of Heterodontosaur dinosaur. It has been found in the Lower Cretaceous of Europe, 140 million years ago. "Saurechinodon" is a synonym of this genus. Mel Lopez Gemiliano "Mel" Campos Lopez, Jr. (1 September 1935 – 1 January 2017) was a Filipino politician. He served as the Mayor of Manila from 1986 to 1987 and 1988 to 1992. He was also an assemblyman of the Batasang Pambansa (former parliament of the Philippines) from 1984 to 1986. He was born in Manila. Lopez died from a heart attack on 1 January 2017 in Quezon City. He was 81. Megalosauridae Megalosauridae is a monophyletic family of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs in the order Megalosauroidea. They appeared in the Middle Jurassic, They are closely related to the family Spinosauridae. Some members of this family include "Megalosaurus", "Torvosaurus", "Eustreptospondylus", and "Afrovenator". Megalosaurids were among the first major adaptive radiations of large theropod dinosaurs, but they became extinct by the end of the Jurassic period. They were a relatively primitive group of basal tetanurans with two main subfamilies, Megalosaurinae and Afrovenatorinae. The basal genus "Eustreptospondylus" differs from both subfamilies. Its position is unclear François Chérèque François Chérèque (1 June 1956 – 2 January 2017) was a French trade unionist. He was the leader of the trade union centre French Democratic Confederation of Labour (CFDT, ) from 2002 to 2012. He was born in Nancy, Meurthe-et-Moselle. Chérèque died from leukaemia on 2 January 2017 at the age of 60. Squash (drink) Squash (also called "cordial" or "dilute") is a non-alcoholic concentrated syrup. It is used in beverage making. It is usually fruit-flavoured. Squash is made from fruit juice, water, and sugar. Modern squashes may also contain food coloring and additional flavoring. Some traditional squashes contain herbal extracts, most notably elderflower and ginger. The original name for Squash was "Lemon Squash" but the name was shortened to include other flavors. Viktor Tsaryov Viktor Grigoryevich Tsaryov (; 2 June 1931 – 2 January 2017) was a Russian footballer. He played professionally from 1954 to 1966. He was best known for playing as a midfielder for Dynamo Moscow. He later managed the USSR football team and Dynamo Moscow. He was born in Moscow. Tsaryov died on 2 January 2017 in Moscow at the age of 85. Bogdan Tuszyński Bogdan Romuald Tuszyński (4 July 1932 – 1 January 2017) was a Polish sports journalist, reporter and historian. He was best known for his sports report "Studio S-13" of the Polskie Radio, beginning in 1970. He started his job as an editor of "Przegląd Sportowy" (1951–1952). He later moved to Polskie Radio in 1953, leaving them in 1981. He also reported on the Peace Race every year. He published about thirty books between 1975 and 2009. Tuszyński was born in Łódź. His daughter, Agata Tuszyńska (born 1957), also became a journalist. Tuszyński died after a long illness on 1 January 2017 in Warsaw. He was 84. Lateen A lateen (from French "latine", meaning "Latin") or latin-rig is a triangular sail set on a long yard mounted at an angle on the mast. It runs in a fore-and-aft direction. back to Roman navigation, the lateen became the favorite sail of the Age of Discovery. This was mainly because it allowed a boat to tack "against the wind". It is common in the Mediterranean, the upper Nile River, and the northwestern parts of the Indian Ocean. It is the standard rig for feluccas and dhows. Another form is used on small recreational boats like the Sailfish and Sunfish. Operation. A square sail is a very simple device. It catches a following wind and pushes the vessel forward. The lateen sail is more complex. It is set at an angle to the wind. It works by creating a difference in air pressure between the two sides (concave and convex) of the sail. This is the same way a fore-and-aft sail works. This is why the lateen sail is considered the ancestor of the fore-and-aft sail. The advantages of the lateen sail is that it is effective in lighter winds. It causes less drag and so is more efficient. It allows the vessel to sail much "closer to the wind" (meaning it can sail at up to about 45 degrees into the wind). This made the lateen sail a very important invention. Development. The lateen sail did not directly come from the square sail. There was an intermediate sail type called the lug sail. It was one of the earliest fore-and-aft rigs. It was developed for use on the Indian Ocean. Sailors knew that the wind does not always come from behind the vessel. They learned that the square sail could be made more efficient by turning it on the mast so it remained at a right angle to the wind. When used with a keel and some form of steering, it provided more options. Instead of simply sailing downwind, the vessel could move in different directions relative to the direction of the wind. If the wind came from the beam (side of the ship), rotating the sail became less effective. But, if the luff (edge of the sail) was pointed into the wind and kept taut, the sail would provide forward movement. This could be made more effective if the yard (or spar) holding the sail is sloped downward into the wind. From this discovery came the lug, then the lateen. History. In ancient history the square sail was used in the Mediterranean. It was used on seagoing ships of the Phoenicians, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. In Northern Europe at this time, they only used the square sail. This was even after the ships in the Mediterranean were using the triangular lateen sails. The 15th and 16th century caravel was a favorite type of ship used in the Portuguese and Spanish voyages of discovery. In addition to their distinctive single sterncastle, they carried lateen sails. During this time the caravel developed into a very fast and highly maneuverable ship. Two of Christopher Columbus's ships, the "Niña" and the "Pinta" were caravels. He repeatedly praised the "Niña" as his fastest and favorite ship. John Berger John Peter Berger (5 November 1926 – 2 January 2017) was an English art critic, novelist, painter and poet. Berger was born in Hackney, London, England. He was the son of Miriam (nee Branson) and Stanley Berger. Berger served in the British Army from 1944 to 1946. He studied at the Chelsea School of Art and the Central School of Art in London. He lived in France for over 50 years. Berger's novel "G." won the 1972 Booker Prize. He wrote an essay on art criticism, "Ways of Seeing". The essay was written as an accompaniment to a BBC series. It is often used as a university text. Berger died on 2 January 2017 in Paris at the age of 90. Tacking (sailing) Tacking or coming about is a term in sailing that means the boat is changing directions by turning the bow of the vessel in relationship to the wind. It also means the course you are on relative to the direction of the oncoming wind. A tack with the wind blowing over the port (left) side of the boat is called a "port tack". A tack with the wind coming over the starboard side of the boat is called a "starboard tack". The sailboat's helmsman is responsible for communicating with the rest of the crew when making a tacking maneuver. When making a tack the helmsman calls out "ready about!" When the crew is ready they call out "ready", and the maneuver is started. The opposite of a tack (into the wind) is a jibe (changing direction while moving with the wind). Tacking maneuver. In order to tack a boat moving into the wind, some speed is necessary. If too much time is taken in completing the tack, the forward momentum will be lost and the boat may move backwards. If a sailboat is caught going directly into the wind, it is called "in irons." This stops all forward motion of the boat. A tacking maneuver is a basic skill that is learned with practice. The maneuver also is different in a single person small sailboat than in a 40 or 50 foot racing sailboat. Beating. Beating is the procedure by which a ship moves on a zig-zag course to make progress directly into the wind (upwind). No sailing vessel can move directly into the wind (though that may be the desired direction). Beating allows the vessel to advance indirectly upwind. A ship that is beating will sail as "close to the wind" as possible. This position is known as close hauled. In general, the closest angle to the wind that a ship can sail is around 35 to 45 degrees. Some modern yachts can sail very near to the wind, while older ships, especially square-rigged ships, cannot sail very close to the wind. The Lego Ninjago Movie The Lego Ninjago Movie is an American-Danish 3D computer-animated action comedy adventure martial arts movie. It is directed by Charlie Bean and written by Dan Hageman, Kevin Hageman, Kevin Chesley and Bryan Shukoff. The movie was released in the United States on September 22, 2017 through Warner Bros. and starts the voices of Jackie Chan, Dave Franco, Olivia Munn, Justin Theroux, Zach Woods, Kumail Ninjiani, Abbi Jacobson, Fred Armisen and Michael Pena. It is the second spin-off of the 2014 movie The Lego Movie. Plot. Six young ninjas are tasked to defend their home island Ninjago. By night, they are warriors and use their skills and vehicles to fight against villains and monsters. By they are ordinary teenagers struggling against their greatest enemy: high school. Derek Parfit Derek Parfit (11 December 1942 – 1 January 2017) was a British philosopher. He specialized in problems of personal identity, rationality, ethics, and the relations among them. Early life. Parfit was born in Chengdu, China. His parents, Jessie and Norman Parfit, were British medical doctors who moved to Western China. After a year in China, Parfit moved to Oxford, England where he was raised. He studied at the University of Oxford. Career. Parfit's 1984 book "Reasons and Persons" has been very well known to other philosophers. His last book, "On What Matters" (2011), was widely published and discussed for many years before its publication. Parfit worked at Oxford University for all of his academic career. He was an Emeritus Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. He was also a visiting professor of philosophy at New York University, Harvard University, and Rutgers University. He was awarded the 2014 Rolf Schock Prize "for his groundbreaking contributions concerning personal identity, regard for future generations, and analysis of the structure of moral theories." Personal life. Parfit was an experienced photographer and a poet. He was married to the philosopher Janet Radcliffe Richards. Parfit died in London, England on 1 January 2017, aged 74. Battle of Austerlitz In the battle of Austerlitz, Napoleon Bonaparte fought Russian and Austrian troops. The battle took place near Austerlitz (now in the Czech Republic) in 1805. Napoleon’s big victory let him create the Confederation of the Rhine. The book War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy contains a detailed description of the battle. Rogue One Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (or just Rogue One) is an American science fiction movie. It was released worldwide in December 2016. A Lucasfilm movie, it is directed by Gareth Edwards. It was written by Chris Weitz and Tony Gilroy with the story by John Knoll and Gary Whitta. The film stars Felicity Jones, Diego Luna, Ben Mendelsohn, Donnie Yen, Mads Mikkelsen, Alan Tudyk, Jiang Wen and Forest Whitaker. It is the first movie in the "Star Wars" anthology series. The story follows Jyn Erso, daughter of the unwilling designer of the Galactic Empire's super-weapon the Death Star. Her mission is to get the diagram so it can be destroyed. Critical response. James Dyer of Empire Magazine gave the film 4 stars, saying "The ultimate Star Wars fan film, it's short on whimsy but when it gets going there's enough risk-taking and spectacle to bode well for future standalones". Amy Nicholson of MTV gave the film a C-, saying "Audiences once packed theaters to gawk at the future; now, it's to soak in the past. The emphasis is on packing in as much nostalgia as possible and tersely editing it together to resemble a film". IGN's Eric Goldman gave the film a 9/10, stating "The film offers a remarkable recreation of the original Star Wars' world, while exploring this universe from a different, edgier perspective than is the norm". Matthew Pejkovic of Matt's Movie Reviews scored the film a 4/5, saying "Earns its intergalactic stripes as a Star Wars spin-off of visual gumption and gritty action filmmaking, securing its place as the glue between trilogies in this ever expanding space saga". Mark Dujsik of Mark Reviews Movies gave the film a 2/4, stating "We're used to the characters in this series existing primarily as archetypes. The characters here, though, barely qualify as archetypes". Richard Machowicz Richard John "Mack" Machowicz (May 30, 1965 – January 2, 2017) was an American television presenter and Navy SEAL. He was the host of the Discovery Channel and Military Channel show "Future Weapons". He also was a member of the Spike series "Deadliest Warrior". He was born in Detroit, Michigan. Machowicz was diagnosed with brain cancer in 2015. His condition got worse in December 2016. He died on January 2, 2017 in Pearland, Texas at the age of 51. Alfonso Wong Alfonso Wong (, 1925 – 1 January 2017) was a Hong Kong manhua artist. He also wrote under the pen name "Wong Chak" (), which is his son's name. He created the comic strip "Old Master Q" ("Lao Fu Zi"), which has been published since 1962. He was born in Tianjin, China and moved to Hong Kong in 1960. He had six sons. Wong died from organ failure on 1 January 2017 in California, United States. He was 91. Granny (orca) Granny ( – ), also known by scientific name J2, was an orca, or killer whale. With an age of about 105, Granny was the oldest orca humans know of to ever live. She was first captured in 1967 with a group of orcas. However, she was believed to be too old for public aquariums and was released. In January 2017, it was announced that researchers considered Granny dead. She had last been seen on October 12, 2016. Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne (Oscar Carl Olof; born 2 March 2016) is the second child and only son of Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden. His older sister is Princess Estelle. Titles and styles. (swedish: "Hans Kunglig Höghet Oscar, Prins av Sverige, Hertig av Skåne)" SOCATA MS.880 Rallye The SOCATA MS.880 Rallye is a French light aircraft used by civilian and military users. It's first mission is training. History. It was create by Morane-Saulnier and after built by SOCATA. A military light attack version is known as Rallye 235 Guerrier. Some were built under licence in Poland as PZL Koliber. Sir Thaddeus Sir Thaddeus, or the Last Lithuanian Foray: A Nobleman's Tale from the Years of 1811 and 1812 in Twelve Books of Verse (in Polish "Pan Tadeusz, czyli ostatni zajazd na Litwie. Historia szlachecka z roku 1811 i 1812 we dwunastu księgach wierszem") is a long poem by Polish romantic poet Adam Mickiewicz. It is regarded as a national epic. It was first published in Paris in 1834. The poet was then in exile in France. "Sir Thaddeus" is a story of a conflict between two noble families, the Soplicas and the Horeszkos. The time is 1811 and 1812, shortly before Napoleon invaded Russia. When attacked by Russian soldiers, both families fought against the enemy. The conflict between the families was ended with the marriage of Thaddeus Soplica and Sophia Horeszko. Adam Mickiewicz was born in the East of the former Polish-Lithuanian state. Because of that he called Lithuania his mother-country. <poem> "Litwo! Ojczyzno moja! ty jesteś jak zdrowie." "Ile cię trzeba cenić, ten tylko się dowie," "Kto cię stracił. Dziś piękność twą w całej ozdobie" "Widzę i opisuję, bo tęsknię po tobie." </poem> Lithuania, my country, thou art like health; how much thou shouldst be prized only he can learn who has lost thee. To-day thy beauty in all its splendour I see and describe, for I yearn for thee. (Translation in prose by George Rapall Noyes). The poem is written in 13-syllable metre, very common in Polish literature. Charles J. Colgan Charles Joseph Colgan (September 25, 1926 – January 3, 2017) was an American politician and businessman. He served as a member of the Virginia Senate from the 29th district from January 1976 to January 2016. He also served two terms as President pro tempore from 2008 to 2012, and for less than four months in 2014. Colgan was born in Frostburg, Maryland. He served in the U.S. Air Force (USAF) in 1945. He was married twice and had eight children. Colgan died from a vascular illness on January 3, 2017 in Aldie, Virginia. He was 90. Ivo Brešan Ivo Brešan (27 May 1936 – 3 January 2017) was a Croatian playwright, novelist and screenwriter. He was for known for political satire. He was on screen from the early 1970s to 2006. His work included "Acting Hamlet in the Village of Mrdusa Donja" (1973), "How the War Started on My Island" (1996) and "Marshal Tito's Spirit" (1999). He had written screenplays with his son Vinko Brešan. Brešan was born in Vodice. In 2001, he was awarded the Vladimir Nazor Award for Life Achievement in Literature Brešan died on 3 January 2017 in Zagreb at the age of 80. Rolf Noskwith Rolf Noskwith (19 June 1919 – 3 January 2017) was a British businessman. During the Second World War, he worked under Alan Turing as a cryptographer at the British military base Bletchley Park in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. Noskwith was born in Chemnitz, Saxony, Germany. His parents were Eastern European-born Jews. He moved with his family to England in 1932. He was educated at Cambridge. Noskwith died on 3 January 2017 in London at the age of 97. Halal snack pack A halal snack pack, or HSP, is a dish that comes from Australia. It is made up of halal-certified doner kebab meat (mainly lamb, chicken or beef), chips, sauces (mainly chili, garlic and barbecue sauces) and often cheese. The exact origin of the halal snack pack is unknown. Halal snack packs have become more popular since 2015, when the Facebook group "Halal Snack Pack Appreciation Society" was created. Diego Luna Diego Luna Alexander (born 29 December 1979) is a Mexican actor, director and producer. He has appeared in many movies, including "Y tu mamá también" (2001), ' (2004), "The Terminal" (2004), "Milk" (2008), "Elysium" (2013) and "Rogue One" (2016). He currently stars as Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo in the Netflix crime series ' (2018–present). Luna was born in Toluca and grew up in Mexico City. His mother Fiona Alexander, a British set designer, died in a car accident when Luna was two. His father Alejandro Luna is a Mexican set designer. He was married to actress Camila Sodi from 2008 to 2013. They have two children. Donnie Yen Donnie Yen (born 27 July 1963), also known as Yen Ji-dan (甄子丹), is a Chinese-born Hong Kong actor, martial artist, movie director, producer and action choreographer. He is also a wushu world champion many times. He is best known for his role as Ip Man in the "Ip Man" (2008–2015) trilogy movies. He also appeared in "Shanghai Knights" (2003), "Flash Point" (2007) and "Rogue One" (2016). Yen was born in Guangzhou, Guangdong. When he was two years old, his family moved to Hong Kong. They later moved to Boston, Massachusetts, United States when he was 11. He has been married twice and has three children. Hercules (2014 movie) Hercules is an American 2014 action-adventure-fantasy film. Directed by Brett Ratner, it stars Dwayne Johnson, Ian McShane, Rufus Sewell and John Hurt and is based off the graphic novel "Hercules: The Thracian Wars". It was released on July 25, 2014 and was one of two movies released in 2014 which were about the mythical warrior, the other being The Legend of Hercules; unlike the former, this film gained mixed to positive critical reviews and was a box office success. Plot. Hercules (Dwayne Johnson), is the leader of a gang of mercenaries, comprised of the prophet Amphariaus (Ian McShane), the thief Autylocus (Rufus Sewell), the barbarian Tydeus (Aksel Hennie), the huntress Atalanta (Ingrid Bolsø Berdal) and his nephew Iolaus (Reece Ritchie). Hercules is supposedly the lovechild of Zeus and a mortal woman who engaged in 12 legendary labors, but was betrayed by Hera, who induced him with madness, which caused him to kill his wife and children while he was visiting King Eurystheus (Joseph Fiennes). Despite Hercules' origins not being clearly established in the movie, he displays powerful godlike strength and unmatched skill in combat. However, he is frequently plagued by the memory of murdering his family and visions of the three-headed hellhound Cerberus. After saving his nephew on the coast of Macedonia, Hercules celebrates with his team. As they drink in a tavern, the group are approached by Ergenia (Rebecca Ferguson), the daughter of Lord Cotys (John Hurt) who wants Hercules to train the Thracian armies to defend his kingdom from the warrior king Rhesus, to which the hero accepts. The band are welcomed to Thrace by Cotys and General Sitacles (Peter Mullan). However, Rhesus has reached the Bessi people Cotys insists that Hercules leads the army into battle to defend the tribe, despite their lack of training. However, they arrive too late as Rhesus has cursed the Bessi into turning against the Thracians. Igor Volk Igor Petrovich Volk (, ; 12 April 1937 – 3 January 2017) was a Soviet cosmonaut and test pilot. He was best known for his involvement as a research cosmonaut in the Soyuz T-12 in 1980. It was seventh manned spaceflight to the Soviet space station Salyut 7. He bomber pilot in the Soviet Air Force. He later joined the Moscow Aviation Institute in 1962. He had over 7000 flight hours logged in over 80 different aircraft. He had the rank of colonel in the Russian Air Force. Volk was born in Zmiiv, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukrainian SSR. He was given many awards, most famously the Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin titles. He was married and had two children. Volk died on 3 January 2017 while on holiday in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. He was 79. René Ballet René Ballet (1928 – 2 January 2017) was a French journalist and author. He was a communist and a member of the French Communist Party. He started his career as a civil servant in Paris in 1961. He was first a civil servant in finance and later in national education. He was the writer of 14 novels and 35 essays. In 1978, he started working for the communist newspaper "L'Humanité". Ballet was born in Saint-Étienne. He grew up in Grenoble. He joined the French Resistance during World War II. He lived in Vanves. Ballet died on 2 January 2017 at the age of 88. Wayne Westner Wayne Brett Westner (28 September 1961 – 4 January 2017) was a South African golfer. He turned professional in 1982. He had a total of 13 wins in his career. He was best known for his 1993 Dubai Desert Classic win. He also notably won the World Cup of Golf in 1996 with Ernie Els. His career ended in 1998 because of injury. He was born in Johannesburg. Westner was reportedly involved in a hostage event on 4 January 2017 at his home in Pennington, KwaZulu-Natal. He later committed suicide (killed himself) with a gunshot wound to his head at his home. He was 55. Rigging The rigging of a sailing ship is made up of the ropes and/or chains used to support the ship's masts, yards and sails. The standing rigging is used to support the masts. The running rigging supports the yards and sails. Some types of sailboats that have unsupported masts do not have any rigging. These include the junk rig and catboat rigs. Bermuda sloops with a single mast and one headsail use fairly simple rigging. Cutter-rigged ketches and schooners have the most complex rigging. Standing rigging. A sailing ship's standing rigging is made up of the ropes used to support the masts, yards and booms. Most modern sailing vessels use wire rope for the standing rigging. Modern standing rigging is regularly checked for tension using a special gauge. Adjusting the tension is done by use of a turnbuckle. Ropes, wires or rods that run fore-and-aft along the centerline which stabilize the masts or spars are called stays. Those that from the mast to the bow are called forestays. Those that run from the mast to the stern are called backstays. Running rigging. The running rigging of a sailing vessel controls the sails. The running rigging is usually made up of various kinds of rope (ropes are also called lines). It uses blocks and Sheaves to adjust the length of the ropes. A block is a kind of pulley. A sheave is the grooved wheel inside the block. Larger sailing boats and ships use winches. The adjustability of the running rigging allows the boat to perform various maneuvers such as tacking and jibing. Common to all sailboats are the outhaul and the downhaul. The outhaul pulls the sail to the free end of the boom. The downhaul keeps the boom from rising on the mast. Djoser Djoser (other names include Netjerikhet, Tosorthos, and Sesorthos) was the first Pharaoh, or king of the Third Dynasty of Egypt, c. 2670 BCE. He is known for the building of the first pyramid built in Egypt, the Step Pyramid at Saqqara. The Third Dynasty, based in Memphis, was the beginning of the Old Kingdom, a period of stability, achievement and unity. There have been claims that he was not the first king, as the Abydos King List and the Turin King List give a king by the name of Sanakht. There is no archaeological evidence to support this, and most experts agree that Djoser was the first. He ruled for at least 20 years, but he had so many temples, tombs and monuments built that some experts say he may have ruled for up to 30 years. There is a painted limestone statue of Djoser, which is the oldest discovered life sized Egyptian statue. It was found in Saqqara during archaeological digging in 1924-1925. The statue is now in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. The Step Pyramid. The building of the Step Pyramid was quite an achievement. It is the first massive monument built in stone, about 62 meters in height. It is surrounded by a 10 meter high wall, which encloses an area of about 16 hectares. It shows that the kingdom must have been stable and wealthy to have spent so much time and money to build it. The man who designed it and supervised the building was Imhotep, the oldest named architect known to us. Thousands of years later, Djoser was known to Egyptians as the "opener of stone", recognising his legacy of using stone for buildings. The Famine. The Egyptians believed in a story of how Djoser was able to end a famine. There is no evidence from the time of his rule, but an engraved stone, a stele, was made 2000 years later giving the details. Even if the story is a legend, it does show that Djoser was remembered as a great pharaoh. Egypt had been suffering from a famine for seven years, when the god of the Nile, Khnum, spoke to Djoser in a dream. Djoser rebuilt Khnum's temple on Elephantine, an island near modern Aswan. This pleased the god, and the famine ended. The ruins of the temple are still visible today. Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan (February 15, 1927 – January 4, 2017) was an Indian "sitar" player and composer. Khan was born in Madhya Pradesh, India. He won the national awards Padma Shri (1970) and Padma Bhushan (2006) and was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for 1987. He composed musical movie scores for "Goonj Uthi Shehnai" (1959), "Kohinoor" (1960) and "Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baaje" (1971). Khan died on January 4, 2017 at his home in Mumbai, India from cardiac arrest, aged 89. Sonny Perdue George Ervin "Sonny" Perdue III (born December 20, 1946) is an American politician. He was the 31st United States Secretary of Agriculture from April 25, 2017 to January 20, 2021. He was the 81st Governor of Georgia from 2003 to 2011. In January 2003, he became the first Republican Governor of Georgia since Reconstruction. Perdue served on the Governors’ Council of the Bipartisan Policy Center in Washington, D.C.. On January 18, 2017, incoming U.S. President Donald Trump announced that he would nominate Perdue to be United States Secretary of Agriculture. His nomination was sent to the Senate on March 9, 2017. He was approved by the United States senate with a vote of 87-11 on April 24, 2017. He left office on January 20, 2021 when Joe Biden became president. In April 2022, he became the 14th Chancellor of the University System of Georgia. Early life. Perdue was born in Perry, Georgia. He is the son of Ophie Viola (Holt), a teacher, and George Ervin Perdue Jr., a farmer. The Perdue family owned slaves in Georgia during the 19th century. Perdue played quarterback at Warner Robins High School. He studied at the University of Georgia. In 1971, Perdue earned his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) from the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine and worked as a veterinarian before becoming a small business owner, eventually starting three businesses. Perdue served in the U.S. Air Force. He became a captain before leaving the military. Georgia State Senator (1991–2002). After working as a member of the Houston County Planning & Zoning Commission in the 1980s, Perdue ran for a seat in the Georgia General Assembly. He defeated Republican candidate Ned Sanders in 1990 and succeeded Democratic incumbent Ed Barker as the Senator representing the 18th district. Perdue was elected in 1991, 1994, and 1996. He was his party's leader in the Senate, from 1994 to 1997 and president pro tempore. Perdue changed party from Democrat to Republican in 1998 and was re-elected to the Senate as a Republican. He also won re-election in 2000. Governor of Georgia (2003–2011). In December 2001, Perdue resigned as State Senator so he could run for the office of Governor. He won the 2002 Georgia gubernatorial election, defeating Democratic incumbent Roy Barnes, 51% to 46%, with Libertarian candidate Garrett Michael Hayes taking 2% of the vote. He became the first Republican governor of Georgia in over 130 years since Benjamin F. Conley. As governor, Perdue led reforms designed to cut waste in government, most notably the sale of surplus vehicles and real estate. He helped Georgia moved up from last place in the country in SAT scores. Although it returned to last place in 2005, Georgia rose to 49th place in 2006 in the combined math and reading mean score, including the writing portion added to the test that year. Perdue also created additional opportunities for charter schools and private schools. In 2006, Perdue signed a law that gave Georgia "some of the nation's toughest measures against illegal immigration". In 2006, Perdue was re-elected to a second term in the 2006 Georgia gubernatorial election, winning nearly 58% of the vote. His Democratic opponent was Lieutenant Governor Mark Taylor. Libertarian Garrett Michael Hayes was also on the ballot. 2007 prayer for rain. On November 13, 2007, while Georgia suffered from one of the worst droughts in several decades, Perdue led a group of several hundred people in a prayer on the steps of the state Capitol. Perdue spoke to the crowd, saying "We’ve come together here simply for one reason and one reason only: To very reverently and respectfully pray up a storm" and "God, we need you; we need rain". United States Secretary of Agriculture (2017–2021). On January 2, 2017, it was reported that Perdue had become President-elect Donald Trump's leading contender for the nomination to be Secretary of Agriculture in his incoming administration. On January 18, 2017, senior Trump transition officials announced that Perdue would be his nominee Secretary of Agriculture. The Senate committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry approved his nomination on March 30, with a 19-1 vote. Senator David Perdue (R-GA) abstained, as he is the nominee's first cousin. Perdue is the second Secretary of Agriculture from the Deep South. The first was Mike Espy of Mississippi, who served under President Bill Clinton from January 1993 to December 1994. On April 24, 2017, Perdue's nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate with a 87-11 vote. He was sworn-in by Supreme Court Associate Justice Clarence Thomas the next day. Perdue was chosen Designated survivor for the 2018 State of the Union Address. Personal life. Perdue and his wife, Mary (nee Ruff), were married in 1972 after dating for four years. They have four children (Leigh, Lara, Jim, and Dan), fourteen grandchildren (six boys and eight girls), and have also been foster parents for many children. Perdue lives in Bonaire, Georgia. Joe Manganiello Joseph Michael "Joe" Manganiello ( ; ; born December 28, 1976) is an American actor, director, producer, author and philanthropist. He played Flash Thompson in Sam Raimi's "Spider-Man" trilogy and had many recurring roles in television on "ER", "How I Met Your Mother", and "One Tree Hill", before landing his breakout role as werewolf Alcide Herveaux on the HBO television series "True Blood". He played the supervillain Deathstroke in Zack Snyder's 2017 movie "Justice League". He appeared as Burke in the 2018 movie "Rampage". Manganiello has appeared in movies such as "Magic Mike," "What to Expect When You're Expecting", and "Sabotage". In late 2013, he became a published author when his first book, "Evolution", was released by Simon & Schuster's Gallery Books. He is active with several charities, including Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, and he serves on the committee of The Art of Elysium. In 2015, he married Sofía Vergara after three months of dating. They now live in Los Angeles, California. Deathstroke Deathstroke (Slade Joseph Wilson) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by Marv Wolfman and George Perez. He is a mercenary and assassin who first appeared in "The New Teen Titans" (vol. 1) #2 (1980). "Wizard" magazine rated him the 24th greatest villain of all time. Also, in 2009, Deathstroke was ranked as IGN's 32nd greatest comic book villain of all time. Originally the archenemy of the Teen Titans, writers have developed him over the years as a villain of other heroes in the DC Universe; parallels have been established between him and Batman, and he has a deep-seated grudge against Green Arrow. The character has been adapted from the comics into multiple forms of media, including several "Batman" related projects and the "Teen Titans" animated series. Deathstroke later appeared on The CW's live action TV series "Arrow", where he is portrayed by Manu Bennett. Joe Manganiello has been cast as Deathstroke for the DC Extended Universe movie series. Stoning Stoning or lapidation is a form of capital punishment: a group of people throws stones at the convicted person, until this person dies. Today, it is mostly used in countries which follow sharia law. Hypnic jerk A hypnic jerk, hypnagogic jerk or sleep twitch sometimes happens when a person is falling asleep. It is an involuntary movement, that is, not done on purpose. It may cause them to jump and awaken suddenly for a moment. Hypnic jerks are one form of involuntary muscle twitches called "myoclonus". Such movements do occur in healthy people. They have been associated with causes such as irregular sleep patterns or stress. Certain substances such as caffeine may also cause them. Mads Mikkelsen Mads Dittmann Mikkelsen (born 22 November 1965) is a Danish actor. He is best known for his roles in the movies "King Arthur" (2004), "Casino Royale" (2006), "Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky" (2009), "The Hunt" (2012) and "Doctor Strange" and "Rogue One" (both 2016). He also played Hannibal Lecter in the NBC television series "Hannibal" (2013–15). Mikkelsen was born in Østerbro, Copenhagen. His older brother, Lars, is also an actor. He married Hanne Jacobsen in 2000. The couple have two children. Jiang Wen Jiang Wen (born 5 January 1963) is a Chinese movie actor, screenwriter and director. He directed and starred in the movies "In the Heat of the Sun" (1994), "Devils on the Doorstep" (2000), "Let the Bullets Fly" (2010) and "Gone with the Bullets" (2014). He also directed a segment of the movie "New York, I Love You" (2008). In 2016, he starred as Baze Malbus in the "Star Wars" anthology movie "Rogue One". Jiang was born in Tangshan, Hebei. He moved to Beijing when he was ten. He has been married twice and has three children. Dick Latessa Richard Robert "Dick" Latessa (September 15, 1929 – December 19, 2016) was an American stage, movie, and television actor. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He was known for his stage role as Wilbur in the musical "Hairspray". In 2003, he won a Tony Award and Drama Desk Award in 2003. Latessa died of heart failure in Manhattan, New York City, New York on December 19, 2016, aged 87. Sharpeville massacre The Sharpeville massacre was when a crowd of between 5,000 and 7,000 black people protested at the police station in Sharpeville, South Africa on March 21, 1960. The police started shooting into the crowd. A total of 69 people were killed including 8 women and 10 children, and 180 people were injured, including 31 women and 19 children. In South Africa today, this day is a public holiday in honor of human rights. The demonstration was to protest against pass laws. The crowd went to the police station demanding to be arrested for not carrying their passes. At some point the South African Police started shooting. People have different explanations to what the crowd was doing. Some say that the crowd was peaceful. Others say that the crowd were throwing stones at the police. The shooting started when the crowd started going toward the fence around the police station. Some say this was what led Nelson Mandela to engaging in more violent protests. Tullio De Mauro Tullio De Mauro (31 March 1932 – 5 January 2017) was an Italian linguist and politician. He was the Italian Minister of Education from 2000 to 2001, under Prime Minister Giuliano Amato (2nd government). He was also a professor of general linguistics at the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Rome. He was born in Torre Annunziata, Campania. De Mauro died on 5 January 2017 in Rome at the age of 84. Kafr Bara is an Israeli-Arab local council in Israel's Central District, Kafr Bara is a village located in the southern triangle area near Jaljulia under 2,400 square-dunum area of influence. Population and families. According to the latest statistics, Kafr bara has a population (3,500 inhabitants), the population grows by 5% and its population are Arab Muslims. Institutions. There is a Community Center and retirement Centre shabib. and there is 3 mosques, a public library, a post office, a mother and child care centre, and 2 clinics. And a football playground. Schools. There is 2 schools in Kafr Bara: Snowy owl The snowy owl ("Bubo scandiacus") is an owl native to the Arctic regions of North America and Eurasia. They hunt rodents. Lemmings are a favourite prey. They will also hunt fish and small mammals The male's mating call sounds like "krek-krek", while the female's mating call sounds like "pyee-pyee" or "prek-prek". In the novel "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" (USA edition: "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone"), Harry is assigned a female snowy owl as his animal companion. Her name is Hedwig. Poyang Lake Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China. It is in the Jiangxi Province. Poyang is fed by the Gan, Xin, and Xiu rivers. They connect to the Yangtze through a channel. Lake Poyang has always shrunk in the dry season and expanded in the wet season. It reached its greatest size during the Tang Dynasty, when its area reached . It is now around . Lake Pohang became much smaller because of the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River. Nanuqsaurus Nanuqsaurus ('meaning polar bear lizard') is a genus of theropod dinosaur. It is only known from one specimen, DMNH 21461, a partial skull roof found in Alaska. This dinosaur may grown to about 6 m (~20 ft) long, half the size of "Tyrannosaurus". The skull would have been about 50 cm (1.65 ft) when complete. Madoc (poem) Madoc is a long poem by Robert Southey. The author is famous as the third of the Lake Poets. "Madoc" is an epic poem. It was first published in 1805. The poet worked on the poem for ten years. It tells about legendary Welsh prince Madog, ab Owain Gwynedd. He lived in 12th century. According to the legend, he explored America long before Christopher Columbus. The poem is divided into two parts. The first is named "Madoc in Wales" while the second "Madoc in Aztlan". The poem is written in Blank verse that is in unrhymed iambic pentameter. <poem> "Fair blows the wind, the vessel drives along," "Her streamers fluttering at their length, her sails" "All full, she drives along, and round her prow" "Scatters the ocean spray. What feelings then" "Filled every bosom, when the mariners," "After the peril of that weary way," "Beheld their own dear country ! Here stands one," "Stretching his sight toward the distant shore," "And, as to well known forms his busy joy" "Shapes the dim outline, eagerly he points" "The fancied headland and the cape and bay," "Till his eyes ache, o'erstraining." </poem> The poem was reviewed in "The Poetical Register, and Repository of Fugitive Poetry". Irish poet Paul Muldoon named his book "Madoc: A Mystery" (1990) after Robert Southey's poem. Arrondissements of the Bouches-du-Rhône department There are 4 arrondissements in the Bouches-du-Rhône department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes. The arrondissements of Bouches-du-Rhône are: History. Bouches-du-Rhône is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was divided in six districts: Tarascon, Apt, Aix, Marseille, Salon and Arles, with Aix as is capital. In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the six districts were changed into three "arrondissements": Marseille, Aix and Tarascon. The prefecture was moved from Aix to Marseille. In 1817, the subprefecture of Tarascon was moved to Arles. The "arrondissement" of Istres was created in 1981. Arrondissement of Aix-en-Provence The arrondissement of Aix-en-Provence is an arrondissement of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Aix-en-Provence. History. When the Bouches-du-Rhône department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Aix-en-Provence was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Aix-en-Provence is in the northeast of the Bouches-du-Rhône department. It is bordered to the north by the Vaucluse department, to the east by the Var department, to the southeast by the Marseille "arrondissement", to the southwest by the Istres "arrondissement" and to the northwest by the Arles "arrondissement". The "arrondissement" of Aix-en-Provence is the second largest "arrondissement" of the department both in area, , and population (429,436 inhabitants). Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are 9 cantons in the "arrondissement" of Aix-en-Provence and 5 of them do not have all their "communes" in the "arrondissement": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Aix-en-Provence has 44 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Arrondissement of Arles The arrondissement of Arles is an arrondissement of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Arles. History. When the Bouches-du-Rhône department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Arles was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Arles is in the west of the Bouches-du-Rhône department. It is bordered to the north by the Vaucluse department, to the northeast by the Aix-en-Provence "arrondissement", to the southeast by the Istres "arrondissement", to the south by the Mediterranean Sea and to the west by the Gard department. The "arrondissement" of Arles is the largest "arrondissement" of the department in area, but the one with fewest people living in it, with a population of 205,529 inhabitants. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are 4 cantons in the "arrondissement" of Arles and 2 of them do not have all their "communes" in the "arrondissement": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Arles has 36 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Arrondissement of Istres The arrondissement of Istres is an arrondissement of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Istres. History. The "arrondissement" of Istres was created in 1981. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Istres is in the south of the Bouches-du-Rhône department. It is bordered to the north and east by the Aix-en-Provence "arrondissement", to the south by the Mediterranean Sea and to the west by the Arles "arrondissement". The "arrondissement" of Istres is the smallest "arrondissement" of the department in area, ; it has a population of 312,489 inhabitants. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are 6 cantons in the "arrondissement" of Istres and 3 of them do not have all their "communes" in the "arrondissement": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Istres has 18 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Nata de coco Nata de coco (also called coconut gel) is a chewy, translucent, jelly-like food produced by the fermentation of coconut water, which gels through the production of microbial cellulose by "Acetobacter xylinum". Originating in the Philippines, "nata de coco" is most commonly sweetened as a candy or dessert, and can accompany a variety of foods, including pickles, drinks, ice cream, puddings, and fruit mixes. Arrondissement of Marseille The arrondissement of Marseille is an arrondissement of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital, and the prefecture of the department, is the city of Marseille. History. When the Bouches-du-Rhône department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Marseille was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Marseille is in the southeast of the Bouches-du-Rhône department. It is bordered to the north and west by the Aix-en-Provence "arrondissement", to the east by the Var department and to the south by the Mediterranean Sea. The "arrondissement" of Marseille is the second smallest "arrondissement" in area of the department but the one with more people living in it. It has an area of and a population of 1,058,615 inhabitants. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are 15 cantons in the "arrondissement" of Marseille and all of them have all their "communes' in the "arrondissement: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Marseille has 37 "communes", including 16 subdivisions ("municipal arrondissements") of the city of Marseille; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Carl Johnson Carl "CJ" Johnson is the main playable character of . The game's main storyline begins with Carl returning to Los Santos following the tragic demise of his mother. CJ is a member of the Grove Street Families, a street gang located in Los Santos. Prior to events in "San Andreas", CJ causes the accidental death of his brother. Eventually he decides to leave his gang life behind by moving to "Liberty City", where he commences to work with Joey Leone in the car theft business. He is voiced by rapper Young Maylay. Nisha Ayub Nisha Ayub is a transgender rights activist from Malaysia. She started the SEED Foundation to help transgender people and Justice for Sisters for legal help. In 2016, she received the International Women of Courage Award. When Nisha was 21 years old, she was sentenced to prison under Sharia law (Islamic law) for wearing women's clothing. When she got out of prison, she started working for the rights of transgender people in Malaysia. Jeremy Stone Jeremy J. Stone (November 23, 1935 – January 1, 2017) was an American nuclear arms-control activist. He served as president of the Federation of American Scientists from 1970 to 2000. It led initiatives in arms control, human rights, and foreign policy. He retied inn 2000. Stone continued his work at a new organization called Catalytic Diplomacy. Stone was born in New York City, New York. He studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and at Swarthmore College. Stone died in Carlsbad, California on January 1, 2017 from complications of prostate cancer, aged 81. Willie Evans Willie R. Evans (December 1, 1937 – January 4, 2017) was an American football player. He was the running back for the University at Buffalo football team in the late 1950s. He was born in Buffalo, New York. After his football career, Evans taught in Buffalo area schools for more than 30 years. Evans died on January 4, 2017 in Buffalo, New York, aged 79. Jordi Pagans i Monsalvatje Jordi Pagans i Monsalvatje (18 April 1932 – 4 January 2017) was a Spanish painter. He was born in Barcelona, Spain. He was known for his traditional figurative and realistic paintings and drawings of the landscape of Cadaqués and Barcelona. His career began in 1948. He retired in 2014. Pagans died in Barcelona, Spain from congestive heart failure on 4 January 2017, aged 84. Christopher Weeramantry Christopher Gregory Weeramantry, AM (November 17, 1926 – January 5, 2017) was a Sri Lankan lawyer. He was a Judge of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) from 1991 to 2000. He was the ICJ's Vice-President from 1997 to 2000. Weeramantry was born in Colombo, Sri Lanka. He studied at Royal College Colombo, at King's College London, and at the University of Ceylon. Weeramantry was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka from 1967 to 1972. He was also an Emeritus Professor at Monash University and the President of the International Association of Lawyers against Nuclear Arms. Weeramantry died in Colombo, Sri Lanka of natural causes on January 5, 2017, aged 90. Om Puri Om Prakesh Puri (18 October 1950 – 6 January 2017) was an Indian actor. He has appeared in mainstream commercial Pakistani, Indian, British, and Hollywood movies. He was also in independent and art movies. Puri was known for his roles in "Gandhi" (1982), "Ardh Satya" (1983), "City of Joy" (1992), "Wolf" (1994), "East Is East" (1999) and in "The Hundred-Foot Journey" (2014). His career began in 1972. He also narrated the widely known Indian nature documentary "Bharat Ek Khoj" (1988). He has been awarded Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award of India. He won two National Film Awards in 1981 and in 1983. He was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role in 1999 for his role as George Khan in "East Is East". Puri was born in Ambala, Haryana, India. He studied at the Film and Television Institute of India and in the National School of Drama. He was married to Nandita Puri from 1993 until they divorced in 2013. Puri died in his sleep of a heart attack at his home in Andheri, Mumbai, India on 6 January 2017, aged 66. Jill Saward Jill Saward (14 January 1965 – 5 January 2017) was an English campaigner on issues relating to sexual violence. She was born in Liverpool. Saward was the victim of the 1986 Ealing vicarage rape, a crime whose sentencing scandalized the UK and led indirectly to changes in the law. In 2009, she campaigned against a European Court of Justice ruling that DNA of people cleared of crimes must be deleted from the DNA Database after six years, or 12 years for serious crimes. Saward stood against David Davis in the 2008 Haltemprice and Howden by-election in 2008. She lost the election after winning only 2.1% of the votes. Saward died on 5 January 2017 in Wolverhampton from a cerebral hemorrhage, aged 51. Penelope Wilton Dame Penelope Alice Wilton (born 3 June 1946) is a British actress. On television, she is best known for her roles in "Ever Decreasing Circles" (1984–1989) and "Downton Abbey". She appeared in the TV film "Half Broken Things" in 2007. She also played the recurring role of Harriet Jones in "Doctor Who" (2005–08). Wilton's movie appearances include "Clockwise" (1986), "Cry Freedom" (1987), "Shaun of the Dead" (2004), "Match Point" (2005), "Pride & Prejudice" (2005), "The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel" (2011) and "The BFG" (2016). Wilton was born in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England. She has been married twice. She has a daughter, Alice (born 1977), with actor Daniel Massey. Mighty Magiswords (International TV Series) Mighty Magiswords is a French-German-Italian animation series produced by Alphanim and Nickelodeon Productions, and distributed by Nelvana, Discovery Kids and Globosat. The series deals with the two light warriors, Prohyas and Vambre, with their dragon pet Gulp, go on adventures with their magiswords and the powerful imagination of the twins who was carefree and stayed with him. With Gulp, an anthropomorphic dragon that is the pet of Prohyas and Vambre. In May 2005, the series was first broadcast in Jetix Germany and Nickelodeon Germany on the German worlds, and then was devoted to another in Jetix France, Jetix Italy, Nickelodeon Italy and Nickelodeon France. In July 2006, the series was broadcast on Nickelodeon Latin America until 2009. In 2007, it was aired on Jetix Latin America through 2008 through the Jetix Original series. The series introduces the producer before inviting Jetix Animation Concepts, a 2006-2009 company that was produced by Yin Yang Yo, Get Ed and Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go. During episodes, the series has three seasons and episodes with five episodes each season. 'Robin's Tales' " was the end of an hour of the series issued on May 1, 2009, and its sequel " Robin's Halloween Debuts " was the other end of an hour of the series was issued on 4 September 2010. His two last episodes are characterized first, Steven and the Titans with the Army Robin has discovered stealing his evil man, and in the second and final adventure continues with a special Halloween during the October season , Everyone has halloween, and then Steven and Connie love and have to leave the adventures through the final door during the Halloween extremes. During the last five years, to his farewell messages " Powerful Magistrates, 2005-2010 " After five years, Alphanim canceled new seasons and new five episodes during the total of 5x5 episodes. When Jetix replaced by Disney XD, Disney XD eliminated the series, and Disney XD was emitted the series currently in Europe. Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria The Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria is a national honour awarded by the Republic of Austria. It is a visible honour. It is also called the Order of Merit of the Austrian Republic. The Order has 15 levels. It is Austria's highest honour. Notable recipients. Below is a list with names of all Grand Star recipients and other notable recipients. It is in order of date. Mint (money) A mint is an industrial facility which makes coins that can be used in currency. In coin collecting, the term "mint condition" means the coin has never been used ("in circulation"), just like it came out of the mint where it was made. The earliest metallic money did not consist of coins, but of unminted metal in the form of rings and other ornaments or of weapons. These were used for thousands of years by the Egyptian, Chaldean and Assyrian empires. The first mint was perhaps in Lydia in the 7th century BC, for coining gold, silver and electrum. The Lydian innovation spread to neighboring Greece, where several city-states operated their own mints. Some of the earliest Greek mints were in city-states on Greek islands such as Crete. A mint existed at the ancient city of Cydonia on Crete at least as early as the fifth century BC. Vlissingen Vlissingen, Zeelandic: "Vlissienge", English: "Flushing", is a city, municipality and seaport in the province of Zeeland, the Netherlands. The city has about 33,000 people. The municipality has about 44,000 (2016). It has been an important harbor for centuries. Most of the Royal Netherlands Navy ships are built in Vlissingen. BOAC Flight 911 British Overseas Airways Corporation Flight 911, was a Boeing 707 that was flying from San Francisco to Hong Kong, with stopovers at, Honolulu, Fukuoka, and Tokyo. On the 5th of March, 1966 the aircraft broke up in mid-air and crashed into Mount Fuji due to faulty maintenance to the vertical stabiliser. All 113 passengers and 11 crew members on board the plane were killed, in the 6th worst aviation accident on Japanese soil. Dracorex Dracorex is a genus of pachycephalosaur dinosaur. It lived 87.565 million years ago in the Hell Creek Formation in the United States. Its name "Dracorex hogswartsia" means 'dragon king of Hogwarts'. This specimen and that of "Stygimoloch" may be juvenile "Pachycephalosaurus". The skull and four cervical vertebrae are all that was found. Jerusalem Delivered Jerusalem Delivered ( ) is an epic poem by the Italian poet Torquato Tasso, first published in 1581. It tells a largely fictional version of the First Crusade in which Christian knights, led by Godfrey of Bouillon, battle Muslims in order to take Jerusalem. The poem is composed of eight-line stanzas grouped into 20 cantos of varying length. The work belongs to the Italian Renaissance tradition of the romantic epic poem. The poet frequently borrows plot elements and character types directly from "Orlando furioso" ("The Frenzy of Roland"), written in 1516 by Ludovico Aristo (1474-1533). Tasso's poem also has elements inspired by the classical epics of Homer and Virgil, especially in those sections of their works that tell of sieges and warfare. One of the most typical literary devices in Tasso's poem is the emotional conflict suffered by characters torn between their heart and their duty; the depiction of love at odds with martial courage or honor is a central source of lyrical passion in the poem. Polish translation. Goffred albo Jeruzalem wyzwolona is a Polish translation of Torquato Tasso's "Gerusalemme liberata" ("Jerusalem Delivered") (by Piotr Kochanowski. It was first printed in Cracow (Kraków) in 1618. In the 16th century Polish literature flourished. One thing, however, lacked. There was no long epic poem in Poland. Jan Kochanowski, the greatest poet of the Renaissance in Kingdom of Poland, wrote many lyrical pieces and some stories in verse. His nephew, Piotr Kochanowski was the first poet to give an epic poem to the Poles. He did not write a poem on his own. He translated two epic masterpieces from the Italian. They were "Jerusalem Delivered" by Torquato Tasso and "Orlando Furioso" by Ludovico Ariosto. The historical importance of Piotr Kochanowski's translation lies in its form. The poet used exactly the same form, ottava rima. It is an Italian strophe of eight lines. It is built of 11-syllable lines (endecasillabo in Italian). It rhymes abababcc. The strophe was used by Italian poets from 14th century. There are many long poems in ottava rima in Italian literature of 15th and 16th centuries. There were not any in Polish literature of the time. Piotr Kochanowski introduced the strophe into Polish poetry. There was another poet, Sebastian Grabowiecki, who used it earlier in Poland. He dit it, however, in one short poem. Into English poetry ottava rima was introduced many years before by Thomas Wyatt. In 17th century ottava rima became one of the most important verse forms in Poland. Piotr Kochanowski's version of "Jerusalem Delivered" is still widely read. There are many new editions. His translation is used at school. Bermuda rig A Bermuda rig, also called a Marconi rig, is a fore-and-aft rig that uses a triangular mainsail. The sail is usually attached to a boom at its foot. It has a number of variations. Due to the physics of the wind, the tall thin sails of the Bermudian rigs have more power sailing into the wind than other types. This is why it is such a popular rig with modern sailboats. It was called a Marconi rig after the inventor Guglielmo Marconi because its system of mast stays that looked like the early wireless masts. However, the name Bermuda rig was in use two centuries earlier. It came from the late 1600s when European sailors noticed how well the small sloops in Bermuda worked. History. It was developed in Bermuda in the 17th century. It was based on the leg-of-mutton sail. The strong gusty winds around the Bermuda islands made sailing around the waters difficult to navigate. The prevailing winds came out of the west which lined up with the islands. In addition, the number of reefs around the islands required caution. Most other sail designs did not address these issues. It is widely thought the first of these designs was a fore-and-aft rig built by in the 17th century by a Dutch-born Bermudan. While his name is not remembered, he may have seen the Moorish lateen rigs that were widely used during the time Spain ruled Holland. The Dutch modified early lateen rigs turning the yards into angled masts. This design was called "bezaanjacht" in Dutch (in English this meant "leg of mutton"). By the 19th century the design had evolved into using tall triangular sails and jibs. They also used Bermuda cedar for the hulls which is much lighter than oak. This made the Bermuda sailboats very fast and easily maneuverable. They could travel into the wind with ease and were especially fast when heading downwind. Very soon they were being raced. Named for Marconi. The name Marconi rig came from the 1899 America's Cup yacht race held in New York City. Guglielmo Marconi demonstrated his new wireless radio by reporting on the race. The masts of the Bermudan rigged vessels with their supporting cables looked like the wireless mast of Marconi's radio. This is how they came to be named Marconi rigs. Agricultural fencing Agricultural fencing is a type of fence that is often used in agriculture. Fencing is often used to help control livestock on farms. The fence can make sure they do not leave the farm. On farms that grow produce, fencing can be used to keep out wildlife that may eat or damage the crops. Robotics Robotics is a part of engineering and science. It is the work of creating and building robots. It is interdisciplinary, involving people who have studied mechanical engineering, electrical engineering or computer programming. It also needs people who understand the work of the robot. As an example, geologists need to be involved in making a robot that will take soil samples on another planet. Robots are sometimes used to do things that humans cannot, like finding and destroying bombs, or going places that are too hot, small, dangerous or distant for humans. Some robots look like humans, but most just look like machines. Some robots can move by themselves, others need to be partly or completely controlled by a human. Robotics comes from the word robot, which in turn comes from the Slavic word "robota". "Robota" means labor, or work. Karel Čapek invented the word "robot" to use in a play. This play was called "R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots)". The word "robotics" was first used by Isaac Asimov in his story "Liar!" published in 1941. Outsourcing Outsourcing is a term from economics. Sometimes a company decides to change its structure, in such a way, that it no longer performs certain tasks which are not its core business. Instead, the company hires or collaborates with other companies which can then perform these functions. Any business or company can hand over a part of their process or specific services to be handled by a third party. According to The Deloitte Global Outsourcing Survey 2018, among the industries that refer to outsourcing are technology and media, financial services, consumer and energy, followed by government and public services and life sciences and healthcare. Among the industries that generate the most revenue are information technology outsourcing and business processes, that includes financial outsourcing and consumer. Global outsourcing industry revenue from 2010 to 2018, by service type Reasons for outsourcing. There are many reasons why a company uses outsourcing, including: Types of Outsourcing. Most of the processes in the company can be outsourced in parts or in general. However, depending on the location of the ultimate executor, level of their involvement and amount of services they render, there are following types of outsourcing: Professional Outsourcing. If a company requires specific services and don't want or cannot afford to hire a dedicated specialist within the company, they can outsource such services. Among commonly outsourced professional services are accounting, legal services, IT, call center support, etc. This allows a company to be more flexible and manage their expenses rationally. IT Outsourcing. One of the most commonly outsourced professional service, information technology (IT) represents the wide range of services. Companies can outsource research and prototype development, development of software, maintenance, and support. Such contracts allow reducing the costs as contractors can be hired for the period required. Multisourcing. If a company has both internal and external experts working on the same task, such form of outsourcing will be called multisourcing. It involves a distributed team that can be working in two or more locations all over the world. Unlike other types of outsourcing, this one is focused on the result and is often based on the ‘partners’ approach rather than ‘client/worker’ model. Manufacturer Outsourcing. Numerous enterprises refer to the outsourcing of their manufacturing if it allows reducing the cost and decreasing the prime cost of an item produced. Among other reasons for manufacturer outsourcing can be a lack of expertise, time/cost efficiency and a shortage of human resources. BPO Unlike professional outsourcing when the whole exercise is transferred to a third-party, this type of outsourcing focuses on a specific process. The primary reason for business process outsourcing is a knowledge gap that is too expensive to close. A typical example of business process outsourcing would ba machinery maintenance (typically outsourced to a company that provided it). Process-Specific Outsourcing. Unlike business process outsourcing, process specific knowledge focuses on outsourcing of an action that another company can do faster or cheaper, which allows business to reduces the costs or improve clients’ experience. This form would request a third party to perform actions according to the contract (for example, delivery services have estimate dates/time, conditions of the delivered goods, etc.) Offshore Outsourcing. Globalization and expansion of international business cooperation have triggered offshore outsourcing, making companies choose the providers of services or goods from countries far from their location. Not only does it help reduce the costs, but also opens the business to new markets and experts from other parts of the globe. Common offshore destinations are China and India (manufacturing), Eastern Europe (Ukraine, Romania, Poland for IT). Reshoring. The reversed process of bringing manufacturing or development back to the country is called reshoring. Such a decision can be justified if the costs of long-distance shipment, customs, and all the subsequent expenses overweight the benefits of offshoring. Nearshoring. If the company can transfer part of its manufacturing or services to the country nearby (common border or close proximity) and final destination has a similar business approach and legislation, then this form of outsourcing, is called nearshoring. One of the examples of nearshoring is cooperation between Scandinavian manufacturers and Baltic countries. Time in Armenia Armenia Time (AMT) is the standard time that is used in Armenia. It is 4 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+4). During its DST period, it used Armenia Summer Time (AMST) which was 5 hours ahead of UTC (UTC+5). The time zone was discounted in 2012. SilkAir Flight 185 On December 19, 1997 a SilkAir Boeing 737-300 operated as SilkAir Flight 185 was a flight from Jakarta to Singapore with 97 passengers and 7 crew members on-board, which crashed into the Musi River for unknown reasons killing all 104 people on-board. The cause of the crash remains disputed for the National Transportation Safety Committee, but the National Transportation Safety Board concludes the crash as a pilot suicide by the captain. But the Los Angeles Court thinks that the cause of the crash was a rudder malfunction. Passengers and crew. SilkAir issued a press release on 19 December 1997 with a passenger count by nationality, and another the following day with crew details and a complete passenger manifest. James Adomian James Adomian (born January 31, 1980) is an American stand-up comedian, writer and actor. Grass jelly Grass jelly, or leaf jelly, is a jelly-like dessert eaten in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Southeast Asia and Taiwan. It is made using the "Platostoma palustre" plant (a member of the mint family). It has a mild, slightly bitter taste. It is served chilled, with other toppings such as fruit, or in bubble tea or other drinks. Outside of Asia, it is sold in Asian supermarkets. Sago Sago is a starch that comes from the spongy centre of tropical palm stems. In many cases, it comes from "Metroxylon sagu". It is a major staple food for many people living in New Guinea and the Moluccas. It is called "saksak", "rabia," and "sagu" in those areas. The largest suppliers are usually in Southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia and Malaysia. Big quantities of sago are often sent to Europe and North America for cooking purposes. Cooking. It is traditionally cooked and eaten in various forms. It can be rolled into balls by boiling it in hot water. It forms a glue-like paste (papeda), or as a pancake. Sago is often sold in the form of "pearls". These small rounded starch which becomes gelatinized by heating. Sago pearls can be boiled with water or milk and sugar to make a sweet sago pudding. Sago pearls look similar to other pearled starches. For example, pearls made out of cassava starch (tapioca) and potato starch. They may be used interchangeably in some dishes or snacks. Tapioca Tapioca () is a starch extracted from cassava root ("Manihot esculenta"). This species is native to the North Region of Brazil, but spread throughout the South American continent. The plant was carried by Portuguese and Spanish explorers to most of the West Indies, and continents of Africa and Asia, including the Philippines and Taiwan. It is now cultivated worldwide. Uses. Tapioca starch has been used to make some foods, such as pão de queijo. Konjac Konjac ( ; Amorphophallus konjac; syn. "A. rivieri"; Japanese: 蒟蒻/菎蒻; こんにゃく; konnyaku; ; gonyak; ), also known as konjak, konjaku, konnyaku potato, devil's tongue, voodoo lily, snake palm, or elephant yam (though this name is also used for "A. paeoniifolius"), is a plant of the genus "Amorphophallus". Iveta Mukuchyan Iveta Mukuchyan () is an Armenian-German singer-songwriter, model and actress. She was born in Yerevan, Armenia. She moved to Hamburg, Germany in 1992. In 2009, Mukuchyan returned to Armenia. She competed in the "Hay Superstar" content where she finished fifth. In 2010, Mukuchyan received the "Discovery of the Year" award at the Armenia Awards in Moscow, Russia. In 2012, she took part in The Voice of Germany. She was also named as "Sexiest Armenian". In May 2016, Mukuchyan represented her country at the Eurovision Song Contest 2016. She sang the song "LoveWave" and finished in the top 10. In the same year, she was also in the cast of the movie "Run Away Or Get Married". Early life. Iveta Mukuchyan was born in Yerevan, Armenia on 14 October 1986. Her family moved to Germany in 1992. She returned to Armenia in 2009 where she studied jazz-vocal at the Komitas State Conservatory of Yerevan. Discography. "Dashterov" collaboration. Source: Leg-of-mutton sail A leg-of-mutton sail (LOM) is a simple triangular sail set on a long spar mounted horizontally on the mast. It runs in a fore-and-aft direction. The leg-of-mutton uses a spar mounted high instead of a boom. This gives the helmsman more visibility and there is no boom hit his or her head on. It is a favorite type of sail for small boats. These include puddle ducks and canoes. A LOM is very similar to a spritsail. But instead of being square or having four corners, the LOM has three. Instead of the spar being mounted diagonally, as with the spritsail, it is mounted horizontally. Medical laboratory A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is a laboratory where tests are usually done on laboratory specimens. This is to get information about the health of a patient. Labs perform tests on tissue, blood and other body fluids. Medical labs analyze data in five major categories. These are chemistry, immunology, hematology, microbiology and transfusion medicine. Central Africa Time Central Africa Time (CAT) also known as South Africa Standard Time (SAST) in South Africa, is a time zone in Africa that is 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+2). It is the same time as Eastern European Time (EET) during winter, and Central European Summer Time (CEST) during summer. This time zone does not observe daylight saving time, because it is near the equator. This time zone is used in: Lelio Lagorio Lelio Lagorio (9 November 1925 – 7 January 2017) was an Italian politician. He was a member of the Italian Socialist Party (Partito Socialista Italiano, PSI). He served as the first President of Tuscany from 1970 until 1978. Before that, he was mayor of Florence from 1964 to 1965. He was born in Trieste. Lagorio died on 7 January 2017 in Florence. He was 91. Buckingham Canal The Buckingham Canal is a canal in India. It runs from Kakinada city in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh to cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu. It is a freshwater navigational canal. It runs parallel to the Coromandel Coast. The canal connects natural backwater areas along the coast to the Chennai port. Buckingham Canal was built by the British during their rule in India. It was first constructed in 1806 from Chennai North to present Ennore. Later it was extended up to the Pulicat Lake, about north of Chennai. In 1837 it was extended about from north of Chennai to Vijayawada and south of Chennai to Parangipettai. Kosasthalaiyar River The Kosasthalaiyar River is one of the three rivers flowing in the Chennai Metropolitan area. It is a long river that starts near Pallipattu, Thiruvallur District. Its northern tributary, the Nagari River, starts in Chitoor district, Andhra Pradesh. It joins the main river in the Poondi Resorvoir. It pass over the pulicat lake Kosasthalaiyar River catchment area spreads in Vellore, Chitoor, North Arcot, Thiruvallur and Chennai districts. The discharge capacity of the river is 110000m3/sec. The flood discharge capacity is about 125000m3/sec. Vattaparai Falls Vattaparai Falls is a waterfall in the district of Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu. It is high. It is in the forest region of Keeriparai, which is also known as Keerparai reserve forest near Bhoodhapandi village on the Pazhayar River. There is a Kali temple near the waterfalls. But this has been in a underdeveloped area, only a single tea shop can be seen near.This stream is pollution free and people were allowed to bathe here. Agaya Gangai Agaya Gangai is a waterfall in Tamil Nadu. It is in the Kolli Hills of the Eastern Ghats. The name means that the waterfall is "The Ganges of the Sky". Agaya Gangai Waterfall starts near the Arapalleswarar Temple in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu. The 300ft waterfall joins Aiyaru river. It is in a valley that is surrounded by mountains on all sides. The caves of Korakka Siddhar and Kalaanginatha Siddhar are in the nearby forest. Tilikum (orca) Tilikum ( – January 6, 2017), nicknamed Tilly, was an orca, or killer whale. He was notable for his role in the deaths of three humans, including two trainers. The first death, in 1991, was a trainer at the Sealand of the Pacific in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. In 1992, he was moved to SeaWorld in Orlando, Florida, United States. In 1999, Tilikum killed a trespasser in his inclosure. In 2010, Tilikum killed trainer Dawn Brancheau. This would lead to the documentary movie "Blackfish" being based on Tilikum. Born in 1981, Tilikum was captured in 1983 at Hafnarfjörður, near Reykjavík, Iceland. Tilikum died on January 6, 2017 at SeaWorld Orlando of a bacterial infection, aged 35. James Mancham Sir James Richard Marie Mancham (11 August 1939 – 8 January 2017) was a Seychellois politician. He was the first President of Seychelles from 1976 to 1977. He was born in Victoria. He was also Prime Minister of Seychelles from 1975 to 1976. Mancham died from a possible stroke on 8 January 2017 at his home in Glacis. He was 77. Nat Hentoff Nathan Irving "Nat" Hentoff (June 10, 1925 – January 7, 2017) was an American historian, novelist, jazz and country music critic, and syndicated columnist for United Media. Career. Hentoff was the jazz critic for "The Village Voice" from 1958 to 2009. Following his retirement from "The Village Voice", Hentoff moved his music column to "The Wall Street Journal", who published his work until his death. Hentoff was formerly a columnist for "Down Beat", "JazzTimes", "Legal Times", "The Washington Post", "The Washington Times", "The Progressive", "Editor & Publisher" and "Free Inquiry". He was a staff writer for "The New Yorker", and his writing has also been published in "The New York Times", "Jewish World Review", "The Atlantic", "The New Republic", "Commonweal" and in the Italian "Enciclopedia dello Spettacolo". Death. Hentoff died of natural causes in his Manhattan apartment on January 7, 2017, aged 91. Shameless (U.S. TV series) Shameless is an American comedy-drama television series which airs on Showtime. This remake of the British series is set in Chicago, although filmed in Los Angeles, with the exterior scenes shot in Chicago. The series is about a dysfunctional family of an alcoholic named Frank Gallagher. He is a single father of six children. While he spends his days drunk or in search of misadventures, his kids learn to take care of themselves. His older daughter, Fiona, took responsibilities as a parent and raised her five siblings. It stars William H. Macy as Frank Gallagher and Emmy Rossum as Fiona Gallagher. It also stars Joan Cusack who plays Sheila Jackson, a woman who loves Frank and is obsessive. Justin Chatwin, Jeremy Allen White, Cameron Monaghan, Emma Kenney, Ethan Cutkosky, Steve Howey and Shanola Hampton are also in the show. It first aired on January 9, 2011. It has been nominated for many awards such as Emmy Awards, Screen Actors Guild Awards and Golden Globe Awards. Jerzy Kossela Jerzy Kossela (né Kosela; 15 July 1942 – 7 January 2017) was a Polish guitarist and vocalist. He was born in Częstochowa, Poland. Kossela was the founding member of the bands Electron, Niebiekso-Czarni, Pięciolinie and Czerwone Gitary. Kossela died on 7 January 2017 in Gdynia, aged 74. Lech Trzeciakowski Lech Trzeciakowski (24 December 1931 – 7 January 2017) was a Polish historian. He was born in Poznań, Poland. Trzeciakowski served as director of the Western Institute ("Instytut Zachodni") in Poznań from 1974 to 1978. Trzeciakowski died on January 7 2017 in Poznań of cancer, aged 86. Ricardo Piglia Ricardo Piglia (November 24, 1941 – January 6, 2017) was an Argentine one of the most famous contemporary writers in Argentina. He was born in Adrogué and raised in Mar del Plata. He was known for his fiction books "Artificial Respiration" (1980), "The Absent City" (1992), "Burnt Money" (1997); and criticism including "Criticism and Fiction" (1986), "Brief Forms" (1999) and "The Last Reader" (2005). Piglia died at 75 on January 6, 2017 in Buenos Aires, Argentina after suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis for three years. Francine York Francine York (born Francine Yerich; August 26, 1936 – January 6, 2017) was an American movie and television actress. She was born in Aurora, Minnesota. Her career began in 1961. She was known for her role as Lydia Limpet in "Batman" and appeared on "Death Valley Days" with Ronald Reagan. She retired in 2014. York died in Van Nuys, California on January 6, 2017 from cancer, aged 80. Tom Harpur The Reverend Thomas William "Tom" Harpur (April 24, 1929 – January 2, 2017) was a Canadian author, broadcaster, journalist, columnist and theologian. He was an ordained Anglican priest. He was a known figure of the Christ myth theory. He believed in the idea that Jesus did not exist but is a fictional or mythological figure. He was the author of a number of books, including "For Christ's Sake" (1993), "Life after Death" (1996), and "The Pagan Christ" (2004). Géori Boué Georgette "Géori" Boué (16 October 1918 – 5 January 2017) was a French soprano. She worked with the French repertory theater areas. She was known especially for her work in "Thais". She was born in Toulouse. Her career began in 1939. She retired in 1970. Boué died in Paris on 5 January 2017 at the age of 98. Paul Goble Paul Goble (27 September 1933 – 5 January 2017) was an English writer and illustrator of children's books. He especially wrote about Native American stories. His book "The Girl Who Loved Wild Horses" won a Caldecott Medal in 1979. Goble died from Parkinson's disease on 5 January 2017, aged 83. Brinicle A brinicle is a column of ice that forms in seawater. The name is a combination of the words "brine", which means saltwater, and "icicle". A brinicle starts forming from the top of the water down. A brinicle freezes everything in its way as it forms. It can reach the bottom of the ocean, where it can also form ice on the seabed. It is dangerous to sea stars and sea urchins living on the bottom of the ocean. They move too slowly to get out of the way. They are very rare and only occur in places where it is very cold, such as Antarctica. Angelo Sodano Angelo Raffaele Sodano (23 November 1927 – 27 May 2022) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Dean of the College of Cardinals from 2005 to 2019. He was born in Isola d'Asti, Piedmont. He was Cardinal Secretary of State from 1991 to 2006, under both popes John Paul II and Benedict XVI. On 27 April 2005, he was elected to succeed Benedict XVI as Dean of the College of Cardinals by his fellow Cardinal Bishops. Sodano was the first person since 1828 to serve as Dean and Secretary of State at the same time. On 22 June 2006, Benedict XVI accepted Sodano's resignation as Secretary of State on 15 September 2006. He was replaced by Tarcisio Bertone, then Archbishop of Genoa. On 21 December 2019, the Legion of Christ discovered that Sodano was the one who led efforts to cover up the reports of abuse when he was serving as Secretariat of State. Sodano was accused of seeking a deal to bury documents detailing abuse. The same day, Pope Francis accepted Sodano's resignation as Dean of the College of Cardinals. Sodano died of COVID-19 on 27 May 2022 at a hospital in Rome, Italy at the age of 94. Spartak Belyaev Spartak Belyaev (October 27, 1923 – January 5, 2017) was Russian theoretical physicist. He was born in Moscow. Belyaev was awarded a Lomonosov Gold Medal. He was elected as a head of Russian Academy of Sciences and also held the same position at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. For his breakthroughs and research in physics he was awarded Feenberg medal in 2004. On May 17, 2011 he and Gerard 't Hooft were awarded a Lomonosov Gold Medal by the Russian Academy of Sciences. Belyaev died on January 5, 2017 in Moscow, Russia, aged 93. Cedarosaurus Cedarosaurus is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous epoch. It was a herbivore of unknown size. Cedarosaurus was named for the Cedar Mountain Formation in eastern Utah, USA. It was a brachiosaurid sauropod that ate tall vegetation from the tree canopy. The skeleton was found in the Cedar Mountains the late 1990s by a team of paleontologists from the Denver Museum of Nature and Science. The skeleton was missing the neck, head and other parts. Saurexallopus Saurexallopus (Pronunciation: Saw-ex-allo-pu) is an ichnogenus, which is a trace fossil of a footprint. What made the footprint is unknown although possibly it was by a bird. Dijon FCO Dijon Football Côte-d'Or is a football club which plays in France. Otto Wichterle Otto Wichterle (27 October 1913  now in the Czech Republic – 18 August 1998) was a Czech chemist known for his invention of modern soft contact lenses. Life. He decided to be a chemist after his father, which co-owned a farm machine factory. He graduated from high school in and then he studied at the of the . After he got his diploma he wanted to continue in his studies, but the Protectorate regime didn't let him do so. Fortunately, he could continue in his scientific work because he was able to take part in the research institute at 's works in Zlín. His team made the first Czechoslovak  called "silon." He was arrested by the Gestapo in 1942 but was released few months later. After World War II he returned to the university and started teaching and inorganic chemistry. He wrote an inorganic chemistry textbook and German and Czech organic chemistry textbook. In 1952 he was made the dean of the I in Prague. Development of contact lenses. Otto studied the synthesis of hydrophilous gels. He wanted to find a perfect material that can be in permanent contact with living tissues. His colleague  helped him and together they prepared a gel. This gel absorbed up to 40% of water and was transparent. This new material is the Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). They patented it in 1953. Wichterle thought that it might be a good material for contact lenses and gained his first patent for soft contact lenses. In 1957 Wichterle produced around 100 soft lenses. The problem was that the edges tore when the lens was getting removed. He wanted to find a better way to make them. Unfortunately, he was forced to leave the because of its Communist leadership in 1958. So the research at the Institute came to an end, but he did the important experiments to transform into a good shape of a contact lens by himself at home. By late 1961 produced the first four hydrogel contact lenses on a home-made apparatus built from children's building kit (Merkur). All the glass tubing was also made by himself. On Christmas afternoon he finally made a contact lens in his apparatus. He tried the lenses in his own eyes. He said that they were comfortable. He built more new prototype machines using Merkur toys  with stronger motor taken from his gramophone. With these devices he made 5,500 lenses. Achievements and legacy. Wichterle was well-known all around the world not only because of his achievements but also because of his activities in international organizations. He is the author of a large number of studies. He is the author or co-author of approximately 180 patents and of over 200 publications. In 1970, Wichterle was expelled again from his position in the institute, this time for signing "" . Full recognition did not come until the Velvet Revolution in 1989. In 1990, he was made president of the and was the honorary president of the  after that. Wichterle was a member of a number of foreign academies of science, he received many awards and honorary doctorates from several universities. The asteroid number 3899 was named after Wichterle in 1993. A high school in Ostrava was named after him on September 1, 2006. Quentin Matsys Quentin Matsys (other spellings: Massijs, Matsijs, Metsys for the last name; Quinten or Kwinten for the given name) was a Dutch painter. He was born around 1466 in Leuven. He died in 1530 in Antwerp. Peoria, Arizona Peoria is a city in Maricopa and Yavapai counties in the US state of Arizona. Most of the city is in Maricopa County. The northern part is in Yapavai County. It is a major suburb of Phoenix. It was named for Peoria, Illinois because that is where many of the early settlers came from. In the 2010 United States Census, 154,065 people lived in the city. Peoria is the ninth largest city in Arizona. Peoria has a Mayor–council government; a mayor and six councilmen who are all elected. Native Americans. Small groups of hunter-gatherers called Paleo-Indians moved through what would later become Peoria. Spear points found in Peoria date from 10,000–8,000 BC and show there was hunting activity here. About 1500 BC, there was farming here which indicates that semi-nomadic peoples used the area. From about 1–500 AD the peoples here settled into two areas. There were crops being raised here in the Peoria area during the spring and summer. At other times they lived in the upland areas where they gathered seeds, cholla, and cactus fruits. There is evidence that the Hohokam lived here before 1150 AD. They built their houses out of wattle and daub. Later they used adobe and stone. They vanished after about the mid-1400s. They left almost no clues as to where they went or what happened to their civilization. As late as the 1870s, small bands of Yavapai were farming small pieces of land in the area depending on surface runoff and springs for water. European settlers. European and American explorers discovered gold in 1863 near Wickenburg, Arizona. This caused a conflict with the Yavapai in the area. Ranchers were attracted to the area because of the grasslands for cattle. Relations with the Yavapai turned to war over the land. This was in part because the American Civil War caused the Army to leave the area. When the army returned, the Yavapai were eventually removed to a reservation. For about 13 years, the area around what would become Peoria lay vacant. In the late 1880s, four farming families moved to Peoria from Peoria, Illinois, naming the new town after the town they came from. From that time Peoria steadily grew as a farming community. Peoria incorporated in 1954. Recreation. Lake Pleasant Regional Park is a large recreational area that is in Peoria. It serves the entire Phoenix area. Its main feature is the 10,000 acre (40 km² or 15.6 mi²) Lake Pleasant. It is an artificial reservoir that has campgrounds, boating and fishing. Peoria also is home the Peoria Sports Complex. It is the official spring training facility for the Seattle Mariners and the San Diego Padres. It has the Challenger Space Center and Canyon Raceway. Waterbed A waterbed is a bed or mattress filled with water. Waterbeds intended for medical therapy date back to the 19th century. The modern waterbed was invented San Francisco in the late 1960s by Charlie Hall. It was patented in 1971. It became a very popular in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s. Waterbeds are made of two types: hard-sided and soft-sided. Fort Lauderdale airport shooting The Fort Lauderdale airport shooting was an attack in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States. The mass shooting took place at the Fort Lauderdale—Hollywood International Airport on January 6, 2017. At 12:55 pm Eastern Standard Time, Esteban Santiago-Ruiz started shooting. The shooting killed five people. Forty two people were injured. Devil (Islam) In Islam, the Devil is known as Iblīs (Arabic: إبليس‎‎), Shayṭān, (Arabic: شيطان‎‎, plural: شياطين shayāṭīn) or Shaitan. His primary activity is to incite humans to commit evil and lead the wrong path through deception. which is referred to as "whispering into the hearts". The Quran mentions that there is not only one, but many satans. Satans are the assistants of those who disbelieve in God: "We have made the evil ones friends to those without faith." Muhammad said that every man has his own satan. Some satans are attached to bad people and makes them evil. A satan runs in the blood of human beings. Another satan makes people forgetful or tries to interupt prayers to God. Thes satans are actually human weakness. They call towards evil things, and influence human's mind. When a human dies, Iblis sometimes sends a satan as a last attempt to make him an unbeliever. This satan is sent to make the dying person disbelieving in God. Punica Punica is a small genus of fruit-bearing deciduous shrubs or small trees. It belongs in the family Lythraceae. Name. The name of the genus "Punica" was given by Linnaeus in 1753 in "Species Plantarum" (Vol. 1, page 472). The type species is "Punica granatum" L. "Punica" comes from the Latin name for the pomegranate, "malum punicum", meaning "Carthaginian apple" ("apple from Carthage"). Description. The species in this genus are shrubs or small trees that could grow up to high. Leaves are opossite. Flowers and fruits are yellow to bright red. Fruits are berries with a strong skin, like leather. Fruits have many seeds with and edible coats (called sacrotesta). Species. There are only two species accepted in the genus "Punica": Although previously placed in its own family Punicaceae, recent phylogenetic studies have shown that "Punica" belongs in the family Lythraceae, and it is classified in that family by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Unadilla, Georgia Unadilla is a town in Dooly County, Georgia. The population of Unadilla was 3,717 as of 2013. Needed Me "Needed Me" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It is the seventh track from her eighth studio album, "Anti". The song was written by Rihanna, DJ Mustard, Adam Feeney, Brittany Hazzard, Charles Hinshaw, Derrus Rachel, Khaled Rohaim, Lewis Hughes, Nick Audino, and Te Whiti Barbrick, while DJ Mustard produced the song. It was released as a single in the US on March 26, 2016. "Needed Me" reached number seven on the "Billboard" Hot 100. On the year-end Hot 100 of 2016, the song ranked number 13. It has been certified four-times Platinum by the RIAA. Mentha arvensis Mentha arvensis – also known as field mint wild mint, or corn mint – is a species of Mentha genera, family "Lamiaceae". It has circumboreal distribution. It is native to the temperate regions of Europe and western and central Asia. It is also found naturally in North America. Description. Field mint is a herbaceous perennial plant generally growing to and rarely up to tall. It has erect or semi-sprawling squarish stems. The leaves are paired in opposite positions. They are simple, long and broad. Leaves are hairy, and with a coarsely serrated margin. The flowers are pale purple, but rarely white or pink. These are in whorls on the stem at the bases of the leaves. Flower's Length is about . It has a five-lobed hairy calyx, a four-lobed corolla with the uppermost lobe larger than the others. It has four stamens. The fruit is a two-chambered carpel. John Deely John Deely (April 26, 1942 – January 7, 2017) was an American philosopher and semiotician. He was a Professor of Philosophy at Saint Vincent College and Seminary in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. He was at the Center for Thomistic Studies of the University of St. Thomas in Houston, Texas. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. Deely died in Latrobe, Pennsylvania on January 7, 2017 from cancer, aged 74. Heinz Billing Heinz Billing (7 April 1914 – 4 January 2017) was a German physicist and computer scientist. He is thought to be a pioneer in the construction of computer systems, computer data storage and built prototype laser interferometric gravitational wave detector. He was award the Konrad Zuse Medal in 1987. Billing was born in Salzwedel, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. He studied at University of Göttingen. During his career, Billing worked at Aerodynamic Test Centre at Göttingen, the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, and at the Max Planck Institute for Physics. In 1943, he married Anneliese Oetker. They had three children. He turned 100 in April 2014 Billing died on 4 January 2017 in Garching bei München, Bavaria, Germany at the age of 102. Robert Lighthizer Robert Emmet Lighthizer (born October 11, 1947) is an American lawyer. He was the 18th United States Trade Representative from May 15, 2017 to January 20, 2021. Lighthizer is a partner with the law firm of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom, where he works to gain access to foreign markets on behalf of U.S. corporations. In the 1980s, he served as deputy trade representative during President Ronald Reagan's administration. Early life. Lighthizer was born in Ashtabula, Ohio. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1969 and a Juris Doctor in 1973 from Georgetown University. Career. From 1973 through 1978, before working in government, Lighthizer worked for the Washington, DC law firm of Covington & Burling. In 1983, during the administration of President Ronald Reagan, he became deputy trade representative. He negotiated two dozen bilateral international agreements on subjects ranging from steel to grain. In 1985, Lighthizer negotiated against the United States, on behalf of Brazil, in a trade dispute over ethanol. Between 1985 and 1990, Lighthizer represented five foreign clients. He has been a long time supporter of the U.S. steel industry. He convinced Japan, South Korea, Mexico, and the United Kingdom to accept “voluntary restraint agreements” to limit the amount of cheap steel they could dump on the U.S. market. United States Trade Representative (2017–2021). On January 3, 2017, then-President-elect Donald Trump announced that he planned to nominate Lighthizer as U.S. trade representative, a cabinet-level position. Lighthizer's nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on a 82-14 vote. Personal life. Lighthizer lives in Rockville, Maryland and has 2 children. Lois Smith Lois Smith (born November 3, 1930) is an American actress. She won a Drama Desk Award in 2006. She has played supporting roles in movies including "East of Eden", "Five Easy Pieces", "Resurrection", "Fatal Attraction", "Fried Green Tomatoes", "Dead Man Walking", "Tumbleweeds", "Twister", and "Please Give". In television she has performed in series that include "The Americans", "True Blood", and "Desperate Housewives". Eddie Garcia Eduardo Verchez García (2 May 1929 – 20 June 2019), popularly known as Eddie Garcia or Manoy, was a Filipino movie actor and movie director. He appeared in over 600 movies and TV shows as of 2019. He is also the only person in the Philippines inducted into the FAMAS "Hall of Fame" in three categories: "Best Actor", "Best Supporting Actor" and "Best Director". On 8 June 2019, Garcia suffered a neck fracture after having a fall and was hospitalised in Manila. He was soon moved to Makati, where he died on 20 June 2019. He was 90. Henry Haller Henry Haller (January 10, 1923 – November 7, 2020) was a Swiss-American chef. He served as Executive Chef of the White House from 1966 to 1987. He served under the presidencies of Lyndon Johnson, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan. He retired on October 1, 1987. Haller was born in Altdorf, Switzerland. He studied as an apprentice at hotels and ski resorts in Bern, Davos and Lucerne. He married Carole Itjem in the 1950s. They had four children. Haller died on November 7, 2020 in Rockville, Maryland at the age of 97. Greg Jelks Gregory Dion "Greg" Jelks (August 16, 1961 – January 5 or 6, 2017) was an American Australian baseball third baseman. He played with the Philadelphia Phillies of the National Basketball League (NBL) in 1987. He later moved to Australia and played for Perth Heat and the national team. He was born in Centre, Alabama. Jelks died sometime returning to Australia from the United States. His death was confirmed when his plane arrived in Sydney. He was 55. Sex Tape (movie) Sex Tape is a 2014 American comedy movie. Plot. Jay and Annie Hargrove are a married couple. After having two kids, they have sex every chance they get. When Jay struggles to have an erection, Annie suggests making a sex tape. After making it, Annie asks Jay to delete the recording. The son of Jay and Annie's friend says he will upload a copy of the sex tape to YouPorn unless they give him $25,000. They are not able to pay the money. Jay and Annie break into YouPorn's headquarters. They begin destroying the web servers. Their plan is stopped when an alarm sounds. The owner of YouPorn removes the sex tape. Jay and Annie watch the video once themselves. After this, they take the USB flash drive and later destroy it. Release. "Sex Tape" was released on July 18, 2014. Box office. The movie earned a total of $38.5 million in the United States alone. Worldwide, it earned a total of $126.1 million. In the United Kingdom, it topped the box office. It earned £1.43 million. The movie opened at #1 in markets, such as Bulgaria, the Netherlands and Slovenia. The biggest market was in countries like Germany, Australia and the United Kingdom. In those countries, the movie got back $12.14 million, $6.9 million and $7.14 million, respectively. Reviews. "Sex Tape" earned mostly negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the movie has an approval rating of 17%. Metacritic gives the movie a score of 36, meaning generally unfavorable reviews. Awards. "Sex Tape" won a Golden Raspberry Award for the Worst Actress. It was also nominated for Worst Screen Combo and Worst Screenplay. Michael Chamberlain Michael Leigh Chamberlain (27 February 1944 – 9 January 2017) was a New Zealand-born Australian writer, teacher and pastor. He was best known due to the August 1980 death of his missing daughter Azaria as the result of a dingo attack while camping near Uluru in the Northern Territory, Australia. Chamberlain's then-wife Lindy was falsely convicted of the baby's murder in 1982 and he was convicted of being an accessory after the fact. The findings of a 1987 royal commission made sure that the couple was innocent, but not before they were hated by the public and negatively covered by the media. Chamberlain died on 9 January 2017 at Gosford Hospital, on the New South Wales central coast, aged 72 from complications of acute myeloid leukemia. Phil Rudd Phillip Hugh Norman Witschke Rudzevecuis (born 19 May 1954), better known as Phil Rudd, is an Australian drummer. He is best known for being a member of the hard rock band AC/DC from 1975 to 1983, and again from 1994 to 2015. He lives in Tauranga, New Zealand. In November 2014, he was arrested for many crimes, including threatening to kill, trying to plan a murder and keeping illegal drugs. In July 2015, he was sentenced to eight months home detention. Rudd was born in Melbourne. He is of a German and Irish background. His stepfather was from Lithuania. He has six children. Urk Urk is a town and municipality in the province of Flevoland, the Netherlands. It has about 20,000 people (2016), and is both a former municipality of North Holland and of Overijssel. Urk is a former island and well-known for its fishery activities. Dokkum Dokkum is a city in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It is a part of the municipality of Noardeast-Fryslân. It has about 13,000 people (2014). Ulf Dinkelspiel Ulf Adolf Roger Dinkelspiel (4 July 1939 – 9 January 2017) was a Swedish politician and financier. He was a member of the Moderate Party. He served as the Minister of European Affairs and Foreign Trade from 1991 to 1994. He was born in Stockholm. Dinkelspiel died from cancer on 9 January 2017 in Stockholm. He was 77. Winschoten Winschoten is a small city in the province of Groningen, the Netherlands. Since 2010, it has been a part of the municipality of Oldambt. It has about 18,000 people (2013). There is a railway station with direct connections to Groningen and Leer (Germany). Zierikzee Zierikzee, Zeelandic: "Zurrikzeê", is a city in the province of Zeeland, the Netherlands. It is a part of the municipality and island of Schouwen-Duiveland. It has about 11,000 people (2015). Torgny (village) Torgny is a village in the province of Luxembourg, Belgium. It is part of the municipality of Rouvroy. About 200 people live there. Torgny is the southernmost settlement in Belgium. Tithe A tithe, means the tenth-part of something, usually income, paid to a religious organization. A tithe can be seen as a tax, a fee for a service or a voluntary contribution. Tithing came from the Book of Numbers. In ancient Israel, the tribes of Levites were the priests. The other tribes gave tithes to the tribes of Levies because they had been given no land in Canaan. Tithes may be money or crops or other valuable thing. Mosaic law. Under the Laws of Moses a tenth part is given to the priests. Then, the priests were required to give a tenth part of what they received as an offering to God. These tithes were paid once a year. Europe. In France, tithes were taxes levied by The Roman Catholic Church before the French Revolution. Tithes were levied on the Third Estate (common people), which made up about 98% of the French population. The Tithes were taxes for land owned by members of the Third Estate. The tithe was abolished after the creation of The New Constitution of France in 1791, when the Constitution was completed. Gouda, Netherlands Gouda is a town (with city rights) in the province of South Holland, the Netherlands. In 2016 about 71,000 people lived there. The city is famous for its Gouda cheese and stroopwafels. The city hall was built in the 15th century. Jacob Cats Jacob Cats (10 November 1577 in Brouwershaven - 12 September 1660 in The Hague) was a Dutch poet, jurist and politician. He is most famous for his emblem books. His poems were told like nursery rhymes for many years. Cats was pensionary of Middelburg and Dordrecht, and grand pensionary of Holland. The Bottom The Bottom is the capital of the Caribbean island of Saba. In 2001, 462 people lived there. The town was first called "De Botte", which is old Dutch for "The Bowl". This is because the town made a bowl shape at the bottom of the mountains. ENAC Foundation The ENAC Foundation (French: "Fondation de l'École nationale de l'aviation civile") has been created in 2012. It is to promote scientific and public interest activities in aviation, aerospace and aeronautics. History. The Foundation has been created in 2012. The first scholarships have been given in 2014, in order to help students to go abroad. In 2015, the first research activity in UAV is financed, in partnership with Ineo, Cofely and Sagem. List of Baku metro stations This is a list of metro stations of Baku Metro in Baku, Azerbaijan. At present Baku Metro has 26 metro stations. Line 1 has 13 metro stations, Line 2 has 10 metro stations and Line 3 has 3 metro stations. La La Land (movie) La La Land is a 2016 American romantic musical comedy-drama movie. Its title is a reference to the nickname for the city of Los Angeles. It is also an idiom for being out of touch with reality. Plot. On a crowded Los Angeles highway, an aspiring actress named Mia is distracted by her preparation for an upcoming audition. That leads to a moment of road rage between her and a pianist named Sebastian. Her audition is yet another failure. At the same time, Sebastian is having a problem paying his bills. This leads to an argument with his sister, Laura. Mia's car is towed. She has to walk back to her apartment. Sebastian is told by the owner of a restaurant not to play any jazz. Instead, he plays simple variations of Christmas songs. But he begins a heartfelt improvisation at the restaurant. Mia overhears Sebastian playing. She is moved by his talent, and goes to watch him play. Sebastian, however, is quickly fired. Months later, Mia goes to another party. She sees Sebastian again. He is now playing as the keyboardist for a 1980s pop music cover band. Mia requests that the band play "I Ran (So Far Away)" by A Flock of Seagulls. Afterward the two walk together and look for their cars. Five years later, Mia is a famous actress. She is married to another man, with whom she has a daughter. Release. The world premiere for "La La Land" was at the Venice Film Festival. It was an opening night movie on August 31, 2016. The movie also showed at the Telluride Film Festival, Toronto International Film Festival, and many others. Box office. "La La Land" has taken in more than $85 million against a budget of $30 million. The movie was released in the United States in December 2016. In January 2017, the movie showed in more theaters for a total of 1,515 theaters. Critical response. "La La Land" was named by Peter Travers as his favorite movie of 2016. Other critics gave the movie high marks. Rotten Tomatoes rated the movie 91%. Awards. "La La Land" won a number of awards. At the Golden Globe Awards, it won seven awards. These included Best Picture-Musical or Comedy, Best Actor-Musical or Comedy and Best Actress-Musical or Comedy. Angelica Ross Angelica Ross (born 1980/1981) is an American activist for transgender rights. She started TransTech Social Enterprises to help transgender people. She was born in Kenosha, Wisconsin. Work. In 2014, Angelica Ross started the TransTech Social Enterprises organization in Chicago. Transtech is a training and design organization. It trains and contracts transgender people in technology. Transtech is a project of Allied Media Projects, an NGO in Detroit. According to Ross, who transitioned in 2000, the time of gender transition can be difficult. Some people need work but do not have the skills. Other people have skills, but cannot find work because of discrimination. If people can telecommute, they can work during the time of gender transition. Awards. In 2016, Ros received a Visibility Award from the Human Rights Campaign. Charlie Brotman Charles J. "Charlie" Brotman (born December 30, 1927) is an American public relations specialist and public address announcer. He is known for his presentation of U.S. presidential inaugural parades of 11 presidents from Dwight D. Eisenhower to Barack Obama. Career. Brotman has been behind the microphone for every inaugural parade in Washington, DC, since 1957, when Dwight D. Eisenhower was sworn in for his second term. Barack Obama's second inauguration in 2013 was the 15th consecutive ceremony that Brotman has announced, and his 16th overall. In 2017, President-Elect Donald Trump's Presidential Inauguration Committee said that Brotman will not broadcast his inauguration, ending his broadcasting streak. Leanne Pittsford Leanne Pittsford is an American entrepreneur. She started the professional network Lesbians Who Tech. Life. Pittsford received a master's degree in education, equity and social justice from San Francisco State University and a bachelor's degree in political science from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. Work. Leanne Pittsford started her career with the organization Equality California. She wanted to repeal Proposition 8, a law in California against marriage for same sex couples. She saw there were not enough networking opportunities for lesbian women. There were not any lesbian mentors to give help and advice to new people. In 2012, Pittsford started Lesbians in Tech. In 2015 she got Edie Windsor, a former manager from IBM, to speak to the organization, and started a scholarship in her name. Lesbians in Tech is now an international organization with 20 chapters from Berlin to Vermont. It has 10,000 members. In two years, they had over 200 events in 22 cities. Every year they have summits in New York, San Francisco, and Berlin. In 2015 they had their first summit in Tel Aviv. In 2015, Lesbians in Tech received a $165,000 award from the Arrillaga-Andreessen Foundation. They wanted to create more inclusion in the technology sector. The money will help start two programs: Bring a Lesbian to Work Day, for mentoring, and the Coding Scholarship Fund, for tuition. In 2015, U.S. President Obama had an LGBT Pride reception at the White House for prominent member of the LGBT tech community. The event was attended by former Google executive and U.S. chief technology officer Megan Smith, Lesbians Who Tech founder Leanne Pittsford, and others. Pittsford also helped support five other organizations for diversity in tech: AllOut, Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice, CODE2040, Chicana Latina Foundation, and the National Center for Lesbian Rights. Deaths in 2017 The following is a list of notable deaths in 2017. For notable deaths for a selective month during the year, please see "Months". Per month, names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are reported here also if notable. Deaths in January 2017 The following is a list of notable deaths in January 2017. For notable deaths of other months in 2017, please see "Months". Ramanuja Devnathan Ramanuja Devanathan (2 April 1959 – 7 January 2017) was an Indian educator. He was the head of the Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan at Jammu and the former Vice Chancellor of Jagadguru Ramanandacharya Rajasthan Sanskrit University. He was the Registrar of Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, New Delhi. In 2013, Devanathan was the recipient of Maharana of Mewar Charitable Foundation (MMCF)'s 32nd annual award. He is also the editor of 2007 edition of English-Sanskrit Dictionary. Devanathan died on 7 January 2017 in Mumbai while traveling on work of a heart attack, aged 57. Miriam Goldberg Miriam Harris Goldberg (May 18, 1916 – January 8, 2017) was an American newspaper publisher. She was born in Chicago. From 1972 to 2017, she was the editor and publisher of the "Intermountain Jewish News" in Denver, Colorado. She was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame in 1987. She turned 100 in May 2016. Goldberg died on January 8, 2017 in Denver at the age of 100. Zygmunt Bauman Zygmunt Bauman (19 November 1925 – 9 January 2017) was a Polish-British sociologist and philosopher. He had been living in England since 1971. Life. Bauman was born to a Jewish family in Poland. After World War II, he rose in the ranks of Poland's military and by the early 1950s he had become one of the youngest majors in the Polish army, but was driven out of Poland by a political purge in 1953 engineered by the Communist government of the Polish People's Republic. He was the Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the University of Leeds. Bauman was one of the world's most eminent social theorists writing on issues as diverse as modernity and the Holocaust, postmodern consumerism and liquid modernity. Ali Shariatmadari Ali Shariatmadari (6 January 1924 – 9 January 2017) was an Iranian academic and educationist. He was Minister of Culture in the interim government of Mehdi Bazargan in 1979. He was President of the Iranian Academy of Sciences from 1990 until 1998. He was also a Professor of Education at the Teacher Training University in Tehran and a member of High Council of the Cultural Revolution from 1982 until his death. Shariatmadari died in Shiraz, Iran on 9 January 2017, aged 93. Bayezid Osman Bayezid Osman, also known as Osman Bayezid Osmanoğlu with a surname as required by the Turkish Republic, or known by the Ottoman imperial name as Prince Şehzade Bayezid Efendi (; 23 June 1924 – 6 January 2017), was the 44th Head of the Imperial House of Osman, which ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1281 to 1922. The monarchy was abolished in 1922, with the modern Republic of Turkey replacing it. Osman died in New York on 6 January 2017, aged 92. Progressive supranuclear palsy Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP; or the Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome, after the doctors who described it in 1963) is a degenerative disease involving the deterioration and death of specific volumes of the brain. Males and females are affected the same equally and there is no racial, geographical or occupational predilection. Approximately 6 people per 100,000 population have PSP. It has been described as a tauopathy. Peter Sarstedt Peter Eardley Sarstedt (10 December 1941 – 8 January 2017) was an English singer, instrumentalist and award-winning songwriter. He was the brother of musicians Eden Kane and Robin Sarstedt. His music was traditional folk music rather than traditional rock and roll. Career. He was best known for writing and performing the single "Where Do You Go To (My Lovely)?". It topped the UK Singles Chart in 1969 and won the Ivor Novello Award along with "Space Oddity" by David Bowie. Sarstedt remained a one-hit wonder, despite having released numerous successful albums and singles beginning from the late 1960s and releasing two singles a year from 1967 until 1987, with the popular track "Frozen Orange Juice" and the novelty song "Take off Your Clothes" entering the top ten. Death. Sarstedt had progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) since 2015. He died on 8 January 2017 in Sussex at the age of 75. Buddy Bregman Buddy Bregman (July 9, 1930 – January 8, 2017) was an American arranger, television producer, and composer. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He worked with many of the greatest musical artists of 20th Century popular music, including: Ella Fitzgerald, Bing Crosby, Judy Garland, Fred Astaire, Louis Armstrong, Sammy Davis Jr., Peggy Lee, Bobby Darin, Anita O'Day, Frank Sinatra, Count Basie, Oscar Peterson, Jerry Lewis, Paul Anka, Buddy Rich, Eddie Fisher, Annie Ross, and Carmen McRae. He became Ethel Merman's personal arranger. In the early 1960s Bregman became a television producer and director. After producing several TV specials in Europe, he was hired by David Attenborough for BBC 2 in 1964. In 1966, he was appointed head of light entertainment for the weekday ITV company Rediffusion London. Bregman wrote "Jump Jim Crow" – a musical for the Royal Shakespeare Company. It moved into London-based independent TV and movie production. Bregman died in Los Angeles, California from complications of Alzheimer's disease on January 8, 2017, aged 86. Rauda Morcos Rauda Morcos, Arabic: روضة مرقص , (born 1974) is a well-known Palestinian lesbian activist. She started Aswat (أصوات), the first Palestinian group for lesbian rights. In 2006, she received the Felipa de Souza Award from the International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (Now called OutRight Action International). In 2002, Morcos joined the first online group for Palestinian lesbians in Israel and the Palestinian Authority. In 2003, she was outed after she gave an interview to an Israeli newspaper. Morcos asked that her sexual orientation not be published. But the newspaper wrote “lesbian” in the headline and printed her photograph. After Morcos's sexual orientation was made public, she was harassed and physically assaulted. Her car was vandalized many times. She lost her job. She volunteered her time at Aswat until the organization had enough money to hire her. Temple Run 2 Temple Run 2 is a video game for Android. It was released in January 17, 2013 by Imangi Studios. It was produced, designed and programmed by Keith Sheperd and Natalia Luckyanova. The art was by Kiril Tchangov. As of June 2014, Temple Run and Temple Run 2, it has been download over 1 billion times. Our Revolution Our Revolution is an American progressive political action organization spun out of Bernie Sanders' 2016 presidential campaign to continue its work. Background. The organization officially launched on August 24, 2016, designated as a 501(c)(4), with a presentation that was live-streamed online via YouTube to meetings across the country and shown by Free Speech TV. The organization's mission is to educate voters about issues, get people involved in the political process, and work to organize and elect progressive candidates. "Our Revolution" is also the title of a book by Sanders released in November 2016. Board of Our Revolution. On August 29, 2016 the board of Our Revolution was announced as: Versailles University Foundation The Versailles University Foundation (French: "Fondation Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines") has been created in 2011. It is to promote scientific and public interest activities in medicine, sciences, disability, sustainable development. History. The Foundation has been created in 2011. The first scholarships have been given in 2014, in order to help students to go abroad. Between October 2014 and June 2015, the Foundation works to develop the library. In December 2015, a laboratory is created. Boško Krunić Boško Krunić (21 October 1929 in Prhovo – 23 January 2017 in Novi Sad) was a Yugoslavian Communist political figure. He was a Chairman of the Presidium of League of Communists of Yugoslavia for one year between 1987 and 1988. Krunić died on 23 January 2017 from a stroke at the age of 87. Gombojavyn Ochirbat Gombojavyn Ochirbat (Гомбожавын Очирбат, born 15 November 1929) is a Mongolian Communist political figure. He was a General secretaries of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party from 14 March, 1990 until 13 April, 1990. During his reign, the party's leading role was abolished (on March 23). Eduardo Martínez Somalo Eduardo Martínez Somalo (31 March 1927 – 10 August 2021) was a Spanish cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Martínez was born in the small town of Baños de Río Tobía in La Rioja, Spain. Martínez received his episcopal consecration on 13 December 1975. He was Cardinal protodeacon from 29 January 1996 to 9 January 1999. Martínez retired as Prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life on 11 February 2004. Martínez Somalo had a heart attack in July 2021. He died a month later on 10 August 2021 in Vatican City, aged 94. Kim Yong-ju Kim Yong-ju (Chosŏn'gŭl: 김영주; 1920 – 2021) was a North Korean politician. He was the younger brother of Kim Il-sung, who ruled North Korea from 1948 to 1994. Under his brother's rule, Kim Yong-ju held key posts in the Workers' Party of Korea during the 1960s and early 1970s, but he fell out of favor in 1974 following a power struggle with Kim Jong-il. Since 1998, he has held the ceremonial position of Honorary Vice President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly, North Korea's parliament. His death was announced by state media on December 15, 2021. Nebelhorn The Nebelhorn is a -high mountain in the Allgäu Alps. It is next to the village of Oberstdorf, in Germany. Its summit is a well-known viewing point of the Alps. It also gives its name to several competitions, including the Nebelhorn Trophy, a figure skating competition. Fellhorn The Fellhorn is a tall mountain in the Allgäu Alps near Oberstdorf, Germany, on the border with Austria. According to Austrian information the mountain is 2039 m tall. Access. In 1972, a gondola lift, the Fellhorn Lift, was built that goes up the mountain from the Stillach valley. Its top station is at 1,967 metres. The Fellhorn/Kanzelwand Ski Region has 24 kilometres of piste and 14 lifts. Back to the Future (franchise) Back to the Future is an American live action trilogy, consisting of three movies: The trilogy follows a teenager, who travels through time, by driving an automobile time machine, made by a scientist. Living in 1985, he travels to the past and future for several adventures in Hill Valley. Ben Feringa Bernard Lucas "Ben" Feringa (born May 18, 1951 in Barger-Compascuum) is a Dutch chemist, specialized in organic chemistry, materials science, nanotechnology and photochemistry. Feringa studied at the University of Groningen and is also an academic at the same university. In 2016, he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for supramolecular chemistry, together with Jean-Pierre Sauvage and Fraser Stoddart. Milada Horáková Milada Horáková (née Králová, 25 December 1901 – 27 June 1950) was a Czech politician and a victim of a judicial murder. She was executed by Communists on charges of treason. Moreover she was the only woman who was executed within these proceedings. She was born and died in Prague. Youth and studies. She was born as "Milada Králová" in Prague. She had three siblings. In 1918 she was excluded from grammar school, because she participated at antiwar demonstrations, which was banned. Nevertheless in 1921 she graduated at another grammar school. She was awarded one’s degree in 1926 at Law School at the Charles University. When she met with the senator Františka Plamínková, the founder of Women’s National Council, she joined. The First Republic. Shortly after her studies she got married with Bohuslav Horák, an agricultural economist. In 1933 she gave birth to a girl called Jana. She is considered as an important czech feminist. Moreover she participated in creating new Civil Code. In her life she travelled a lot, for example to England, France and the USSR. She could even speak english, french and german. World War II. After year 1939 she used to ensure flats and gain secret information. Unfourtunately on august 2 1940, her husband and her were arrested by gestapo. Two years she was kept at Charles Square, after Heydrich’s assassination was sent to Terezín. In june 1944 she was sent to Liepzig and Dresden. Prosecutor proposed her death penalty, however it was changed to 8 years of penitentiary. She was discharged by american army in Aichachu close to Munich in 1945. Postwar Period. After her exemption she returned to Prague, where she again met her husband, who survived the death march. February 25 1948 – september 27 1949 at this time she was little by little excluded from all of her public positions. Horáková got into a view-finder as a suitable candidate for an action of STB called „the middle“. It was planned to execute her on september 27 1949. The attempt of arresting her was not successful because she was not at home. Investigation and the trial. Maltreating Horáková is proved by her fellow inmates Zdena Mašínová. The proces with Milada Horáková lasted since may 31 till june 8, 1950, and was contrived as a public political process. There was onwards learned screenplay, according to which the defendants were forced to behave. Judicial Murder. Milada Horáková refused the petition for mercy. Moreover president Gottwald, formally on recommendation of Minister of Justice, signed the death penalty. Her last letter she wrote the day she was executed at 2:30 at night. Her execution was effectuated by hanging her at Pankrác prison yard on june 27, 1950 at 5:35 am. Inspiration. During her life she was strongly influenced by thoughts of T. G. Masaryk and later even Edvard Beneš. Leen Verbeek Leendert "Leen" Verbeek (born March 5, 1954 in Leiderdorp) is a Dutch politician. He is a member of the Labour Party (PvdA). He has been King's Commissioner of Flevoland since 2008. From 1990 to 1994, he was an alderman of Houten. Verbeek was the mayor of Purmerend from 2003 to 2008. Heliskiing Heli-skiing is off-trail, downhill skiing or snowboarding that is accessed by a helicopter. This is instead of using a ski lift. As early as the late 1950s helicopters were used in Alaska and Europe to access remote terrain. The birth of heli-skiing as a commercial sport is attributed to Hans Gmoser in 1965. Skiers get on the helicopter and are flown to a landing zone on the mountain. Skis, snowboards and ski poles are generally carried in an exterior basket on the helicopter. Snow conditions on the mountains vary considerably over the course of the winter. The snow is subjected to sun, wind, temperature variation, and new snowfalls. Snow conditions change almost every day. Risks include those of backcountry skiing, such as avalanches and tree wells, plus those of helicopter flight. Risks are lessened by using experienced pilots and certified guides. Also avalanche transceivers, avalanche air-bags, and radios make it safer. Quirine Oosterveld Quirine Oosterveld (born March 5, 1990 in Almere) is a Dutch female volleyball player. Oosterveld plays for Rote Raben Vilsbiburg and played for Alterno Apeldoorn. She has been a member of the Netherlands women's national volleyball team since 2013. Kanzelwand Kanzelwand is a high mountain on the border between Vorarlberg, Austria and Bavaria, Germany. The summit can be accessed by the Kanzelwand lift, or by hiking. The Fellhorn/Kanzelwand ski area is located here with of pistes and 13 lifts. Michiel van Hulten Michiel Frans van Hulten (born February 18, 1969 in Lelystad) is a Dutch former politician of the Labour Party (PvdA). He is currently Director of Transparency International EU. Van Hulten was an MEP from 1999 to 2004, and Chair of the Labour Party from 2005 to 2007 (succeeded by Lilianne Ploumen). His father is retired politician Michel van Hulten. Clare Hollingworth Clare Hollingworth (10 October 1911 – 10 January 2017) was an English journalist and author. She worked for the newspaper "The Daily Telegraph". In 1939, she became the first person to report the beginning of World War II while in Poland. She was born in Knighton, Leicester, England. In World War I, her father took over the running of his father's footwear factory, and they moved to a farm near Shepshed. Hollingworth moved to Hong Kong in the 1980s. She turned 100 in 2011. She died on 10 January 2017 in Central, Hong Kong at the age of 105. Mojave Desert The Mojave Desert is a desert in California and Arizona. Arrondissements of the Gard department There are 3 arrondissements in the Gard department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes. The arrondissements of Gard are: History. Gard is one of the 83 French departments made during the French revolution, on 4 March 1790. it was divided in 8 districts: Alais, Beaucaire, Nîmes, Pont-Saint-Esprit, Saint-Hippolyte, Sommières, Uzès and Le Vigan. The capital was Nîmes alternating with Alais and Uzès. In 1794, Nîmes became the only capital. With the creation of the "arrondissements", the 8 districts became four "arrondissements": Nîmes, Alais, Uzès and Le Vigan. In 1926, the "arrondissement" of Uzès was eliminated. The Daughter of Sláva The Daughter of Sláva (in Czech "Slávy dcera") is a poetic work by Ján Kollár. It is a long cycle of sonnets. In fact, it is an epic poem written in the form of sonnet. The author was a Slovak Lutheran pastor and poet, who wrote in Czech. The work was intended to become a national epic of all the Slavic peoples. It was first printed in 1824. It was published some more times and expanded in every edition. The number of poems increased from 150 to 645. There is a pun in the title of the book. "Sláva" in Czech means "Fame". Slavic people regard themselves as "the people of fame", never "the slaves", as they are considered to be in the West. The work is provided with a "Prologue" ("Předzpěv"). This part is written in hexameter and pentameter. The metre is shaped like Greek one. It is based on length of vowels. <poem> "Ai, zde leží zem ta, před okem mým selzy ronícím," "někdy kolébka, nyní národu mého rakev." "Stoj noho! posvátná místa jsou, kamkoli kráčíš," "k obloze, Tatry synu, vznes se, vyvýše pohled." </poem> The poem is divided into five parts. They are named after the rivers. The first part is named "Sála", the second "Labe, Rén, Veltava" and the third "Dunaj". These are the rivers, Slavic nations live around. Two next parts of the poem are named "Lethe" and "Acheron". These are the rivers know from Greek mythology. All the sonnets are written in decasyllable. It is trochaic pentameter. In his poem Kollár described the past of the Slavs, full of glory, and bright future for them. <poem> "A hundred times I spoke, but now I call" "To you divided, O Slavonians!" "Let's be a whole and not a part in clans;" "Be one in harmony or naught at all." "A dove-like nation we in scorn are styled." "But doves you know are come of such a stock" "That loves to live within a common flock," "And so may you apply this trait reviled." "O Slavs, thou race of many fragments!" "United forces e'er results will show," "But waste and dry the circling currents." "O Slavs, who are of many heads a race!" "The wise indeed a death no worse can know" "Than life that sloth, void, darkness doth embrace." "(Canto III, sonnet 62)" </poem> The poem is strongly influenced by Dante's "Divine Commedy". The last parts of Kollár's work are descriptions Slavic heaven and hell. Ján Kollár was a representative of the Panslavism ideology. He believed in union of all the Slavs. He opposed everything, he thought to destroy this union. He described Adam Mickiewicz, the greatest Polish poet, to be in hell. It was because Mickiewicz wrote poems about Polish people's fight against Russian tzar. Honeyberry The honeyberry ("Lonicera caerulea") (also known as a blue honeysuckle, sweetberry honeysuckle, fly honeysuckle, blue fly honeysuckle, blue-berried honeysuckle or haskap) is a fruit that is edible. It is a member of the honeysuckle family. It is easy to grow and has few pests. They are native to Russia and can tolerate very cold weather. They can survive down to . They have been raised for centuries in Asia and Eastern Europe. Honeyberry is a well-behaved plant that is not seen as being an Invasive species. Arrondissement of Alès The arrondissement of Alès is an arrondissement of France, in the Gard department, Occitanie region. Its capital is the city of Alès. History. When the Gard department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Alès, with the name of Alais, was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Alès is the most northern of the "arrondissements" of the Gard department. It is bordered to the north by the Ardèche department, to the east by the Nîmes "arrondissement", to the south by the Le Vigan "arrondissement" and to the west by the Lozère department. The "arrondissement" of Alès is the smallest "arrondissement" of the department in area, , and the second in population (151,823 inhabitants). Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Alès, there are three cantons where not all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement": Cazères, Escalquens and Plaisance-du-Touch. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondiissements": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Alès has 101 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" in the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants are: Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907 Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907, was a passenger flight flying from Manaus to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. On 29 September 2006, the Boeing 737-800 operating this flight was involved in a midair collision with an Embraer Legacy 600 while cruising over the Amazon rainforest. The Embraer landed at a military base safely with no injuries on board, and minor damage to the left wingtip and horizontal stabilizer, but the Boeing twisted out of control was completely destroyed, killing all 154 occupants on board. Accident. The Embraer had submitted a computer-generated flight plan to Air Traffic Control for the run north to Manaus. This was for a routing that would take N600XL over Brasília, where, after a slight left turn, airway UZ6 would lead the airplane 1,200 miles to Manaus. It passes over Caiapó Indian territory and Fazenda Jarinã. On the basis of forecasted winds and the Legacy’s performance, it requested a climb to 37,000 feet, or flight level 370, an altitude appropriate for the initial direction of flight. Until Brasília, that direction was slightly to the east side of magnetic north. Airplanes cruising on such easterly headings are usually assigned “odd” altitudes (35,000, 37,000, 39,000), while airplanes cruising on westerly headings are given “even” altitudes (36,000, 38,000, 40,000). Virtuoso air-traffic controllers sometimes allow exceptions to be made when traffic is light (and exceptions are systemic along certain one-way routes), but these cruising rules dictate the altitudes at which airplanes fly worldwide. Since the airway to Manaus required a westerly turn over Brasília, the computer proposed a descent to 36,000. The Legacy struck the Boeing about 30 feet and 2 feet to the left of the fuselage. The Legacy’s winglet acted like a knife, slicing through the Boeing’s left wing about halfway out and severing the wing’s internal spar. The outboard section of the wing whipped upward, stripping skin as it went, then separated entirely, spiraling over the fuselage and demolishing much of the Boeing’s tail. In the Boeing’s cockpit the sequence sounded like a car crash. Instantly, the Boeing twisted out of control, corkscrewing violently to the left and pitching straight down into a rotating vertical dive. The cockpit filled with alarms, "Bank angle! Bank angle! Bank angle!" The pilots fight desperately to regain control as the altitude chord sounded for one and a half seconds. Ten seconds into the dive, one of them cried “"Aye!,"” but the other urged him to stay calm. “"Calma!"” he said, and seconds later he said it again. They extended the landing gear to slow the dive. 22 seconds into the plunge, the airplane’s over-speed clacker came on and continued to the end of the flight. Forces inside the airplane rapidly grew, with loud winds sounding over the cockpit voice recorder until, 30 seconds into the dive, they exceeded four Gs—the gravity-load threshold beyond which some passengers must have began to black out. The pilots kept trying to fly, struggling with the controls and exchanging a few words which are impossible to discern over the plethora of alarms. 45 seconds into the dive came another “"Aye!"” Seven seconds later, the Boeing broke into three parts, which plummeted into the forest below. Passenger remains were found to be several inches deep in the dirt as a result of the impact forces. Arrondissement of Le Vigan The arrondissement of Le Vigan is an arrondissement of France, in the Gard department, Occitanie region. Its capital is the city of Le Vigan. History. When the Gard department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Le Vigan was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Le Vigan is the most western of the "arrondissements" of the Gard department. It is bordered to the north by the Lozère department, to the northeast by the Alès "arrondissement", to the southeast by the Nîmes "arrondissement", to the south by the Hérault department and to the west by the Aveyron department. The "arrondissement" of Le Vigan is the second smallest "arrondissement" of the department in area, , but the one with fewest people living in it (36,608 inhabitants). Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are only 4 cantons in the "arrondissement" of Le Vigan. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondiissements": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Le Vigan has 75 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" in the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants are: Arrondissement of Nîmes The arrondissement of Nîmes is an arrondissement of France, in the Gard department, Occitanie region. Its capital is the city of Nîmes. History. When the Gard department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Nîmes was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Nîmes is the most eastern of the "arrondissements" of the Gard department. It is bordered to the north by the Ardèche department, to the northeast by the Vaucluse department, to the east by the Bouches-du-Rhône department, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea, to the southwest by the Hérault department and to the west by the Le Vigan and the Alès "arrondissements". The "arrondissement" of Nîmes is the largest "arrondissement" of the department, both in area, , and population (547,598 inhabitants). Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are 18 cantons in the "arrondissement" of Nîmes. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondiissements": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Nîmes has 177 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" in the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants are: Roy Innis Roy Emile Alfredo Innis (June 6, 1934 – January 8, 2017) was an American activist and politician. He had been National Chairman of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) since his election to the position in 1968. Innis died on January 8, 2017 in his apartment in Manhattan, New York from complications of Parkinson's disease, aged 82. Jovanka Nikolić Jovanka Nikolić (16 December 1952 – 8 January 2017) was a Serbian author and poet. She graduated from the College of Education (Physical Education) at the University of Novi Sad and the Faculty of Dramatic Arts in Belgrade (Organization of stage, cultural and artistic activities). She worked in the sport organization sector and was, for a long time, involved in designing sports choreography for public ceremonies at major sports and social events. Nikolić died on 8 January 2017 in Novi Sad, Serbia, aged 64. Buddy Greco Armando "Buddy" Greco (August 14, 1926 – January 10, 2017) was an American jazz and pop singer, pianist and actor. He records, in several genres, have sold over one million records. He appeared often in the TV series "Away We Go" and had a role in the movie "The Girl Who Knew Too Much". He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Greco died on January 10, 2017 in Las Vegas, Nevada, aged 90. Gardon The Gardon or Gard is a river in southeastern France, in the Lozère and Gard departments in the Occitanie region. It is a right tributary of the Rhône river. The Gard department is named after this river. Geography. The Gardon river has a length of and a drainage basin with an area of . Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Sanilhac-Sagriès in the Gard department. Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Sanilhac-Sagriès Course. The Gardon (known here as "Gardon d'Anduze") starts in the Cévennes, southeastern Massif Central, in the "commune" of Saint-Martin-de-Lansuscle, Lozère department near "Prat Reboubalès", at an altitude of about . The "Gardon d'Anduze" joins the Gardon d'Alès between the "communes" Cassagnoles and Vézénobres, at an altitude of about ; from here, the river is usually known simply as Gard. The Gardon flows to the southeast, in general, and passes through the Lozère and Gard departments, in the Occitanie region, and a total of 37 "communes", most of them in the Gard department. Finally, it flows, as a right tributary into the Rhône river near Comps at of altitude. Main tributaries. The main tributaries, with a length greater than 20 km, of the Gardon are: Uta Ranke-Heinemann Uta Ranke-Heinemann (2 October 1927 in Essen – 25 March 2021) was a German theologian, academic and author. She held the (nondenominational) chair of History of Religion at the University of Duisburg-Essen in Essen, her birthplace. Her father Gustav Heinemann was an SPD politician and president of Germany 1969–74. Ranke-Heinemann died on 25 March 2021, aged 93. Mir Hazar Khan Khoso Justice (R) Mir Hazar Khan Khoso (Urdu, ) (30 September 1929 – 26 June 2021), was the caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan, from 25 March 2013 to 5 June 2013. Khoso is a retired judge. He was the Chief Justice of the Federal Shariat Court. He was the interim Prime Minister ahead of the general elections scheduled in May 2013. Khoso died on 26 June 2021 in Karachi from a heart attack at the age of 91. Jamshid bin Abdullah of Zanzibar Sayyid Jamshid bin Abdullah Al Said , () (born 16 September 1929 in Unguja) was the last Sultan of Zanzibar. He ruled Zanzibar from 1 July 1963 to 12 January 1964. On 10 December 1963, Zanzibar received its independence from the United Kingdom as a constitutional monarchy under Jamshid. This state of affairs was short lived and he was overthrown by the Zanzibar Revolution. He fled into exile firstly to Oman and then to the United Kingdom, where, as of 2012, he continues to live in Portsmouth with his wife and six children as the Head of the Zanzibari Royal Family and as the Sovereign of the Order of the Brilliant Star of Zanzibar and the Most Illustrious Order of Independence of Zanzibar. Secondly, he is married to Zuleika bin Abdullah Al Aufy. Orbital revolution Orbital revolution is the movement of a planet around a star, or a moon around a planet. For example, the Earth revolves around the Sun, and the Moon revolves about the Earth. Planets and moons revolve in elliptical orbits. One orbital revolution of a planet takes one year, while a revolution of the Moon takes a month. Astronomers usually use different words for the orbit of a planet around a star, and for the spin of a planet about its own axis. If an item is in orbit, it is "revolving", while the spin of a planet is called "rotating". The amount of time it takes for an object to revolve around the Sun is a year, and the amount of time it takes to revolve around its axis is one day. According to the Gregorian calendar, a year on Earth is equal to 365 days, with an extra day added every four years. The amount of time it takes for an object to move around the sun is different for every object. For example, it takes the planet Mercury about 88 daya to revolve around the sun, but it takes the dwarf planet Pluto over 248 years to revolve around the sun. Adenan Satem Adenan bin Satem (27 January 1944 – 11 January 2017) was a Malaysian politician. He was the fifth Chief Minister of Sarawak from 1 March 2014 until his death. He was born in Kuching, Sarawak when it was under Japanese rule during World War II. Satem died from a heart attack on 11 January 2017 in Kota Samarahan, Sarawak. He was 72. American Pit Bull Terrier The American Pit Bull Terrier is a dog breed. It is a medium-sized, solidly-built, short-haired dog. Its early ancestors came from the British Isles. Originally they were bred for fighting. As early as the 13th century in Great Britain, blood sports were popular. These included bull-baiting and bear-baiting where dogs would fight against these larger animals to entertain the crowds. In the 1800s, when baiting became illegal, the dogs fought each other. Pit bulls are not always aggressive despite their bad reputation. Some owners describe them as clowns and goofballs. Depending on how they are raised and treated, they can make very good family pets. Kerime Nadir Kerime Nadir Azrak (5 February 1917 – 20 March 1984) was a Turkish writer. She was born in Istanbul, Turkey in 1917. She attended "Saint Joseph French High School for Girls" in Bebek, Istanbul. After starting to write poetry and stories. Her first works were published in magazines such as Servet-i Fünun, Uyanış and Yarımay magazines. Other writings were published in Aydabir, Yedigün, Hayat magazines. She wrote about 40 novels. Many became movies. She died in Istanbul on March 20, 1984. Tekin Akmansoy Tekin Akmansoy (born January 20, 1924, Saraykoy - died February 12, 2013) is a Turkish theater and cinema artist. Tekin Akmansoy, who served in various theaters for many years, was one of the meddah traders. Starting from 1974, Kayseri in the Kaynanalar Dizi has come to the forefront with the prospect of the awake businessman Nuri Kantar. This character has been portrayed in the movies of Kaynalar and Neutral Gantar family as well as the series for many years. In the 1990s, her daughter Arzu Akmansoy directed and later returned to television with new series of Kaynanas, as well as series such as Görmeler. In 1998 he received the title of State Artist. Tahir revived the character of Pamukçuoğlu. Treatment with the diagnosis of pneumonia lost his life on February 12, 2013 in the hospital; He was buried next to his wife Meral Akmansoy, who died in 2002 at the Zincirlikuyu Cemetery, which was removed from the Teşvikiye Mosque on Thursday, February 14, 2013. Cem Özer Cem Özer (born October 5, 1959, Göksun, Kahramanmaraş) is a Turkish theater, cinema and serial player, server and writer. The artist who created the Istanbul University Faculty of Law, later worked in communities such as the Dostlar Theater. He was recognized on television by the presentation of the program. He was a lucky competitor in the Dene competition. He has appeared in several motion picture films and series. Fashion designer Esin Maraşlıoğlu and actress Nurgül Yeşilçay were married. Sırrı Gültekin Sırrı Gültekin (born 27 July 1924, Bakırköy, Istanbul - died 7 February 2008, Istanbul), Turkish actor, film director, screenwriter, film producer. Biography. Sırrı Gültekin, who started his art life in Bakırköy People's House in 1939, later entered the cadre of City Theater. After his acting career, he stepped into the cinema with the assistance of Sami Ayanoglu in 1949. Lütfi Akad, the artist was brought up by the influence, he played in a few films. Since 1954 he has been directing his own films, writing a script after 1957, and after 1963 he started producing. Up to 150 filings have been signed. Gültekin, who is a member of the Film Directors Association and presided over the Foundation of the Filmsan Foundation, has also directed series for TV. Ekrem Bora Ekrem Şerif Bora (born 7 March 1934, Ankara - died 1 April 2012, Istanbul) is a cinema and series player. Biography. Although he was the first to participate in the competition of the cinema actress opened by Yıldız Magazine in 1953, he went to the military without translating the film. Although he was the first to participate in the competition of the cinema actress opened by Yıldız Magazine in 1953, he went to the military without translating the film. The transformation of military service translates the article (1956). The artist continued to play in motion picture films after two years, and despite continuing age, he continued to play in the series. Ekrem Bora, who was hospitalized on 8 March 2012 due to heart failure died on April 1, 2012. Filiz Taçbaş Filiz Taçbaş, (born 1964, Istanbul), Turkish cinema and drama player, former national tennis player. When she was 10 years old, she went to the camera with Bilge Olgaç. After a long break, he continued to work on movies and series. The recognition of large audiences was made in 1992 by the headmen of the neighborhood. Taçbaş is a professional tennis player, a part of art life. He got high points in 2007, entered the mill team, dressed in the form of a mill and writes articles about tennis in newspapers at the same time. Osman Alyanak Osman Alyanak (born 1916, Istanbul - died September 30, 1991 - Istanbul) is a Turkish play and voice actor. Osman Alyanak, who has been playing football for a while in Galatasaray, started acting in operas in his art life. After short-time plays in some theatrical ensembles, he moved to camera in 1950 and played supporting roles in various movies and series. Over 150 artists were working in the production, and at the same time had worked on voice acting. Besides being known as "Oralet Osman" because of the commercial film he played for a while, "Tayyare Osman" was known in Yeşilçam. Güzin Özipek Güzin Özipek (born March 11, 1925 - Istanbul, August 12, 2000 - Istanbul) Opera, cinema and theater artist. Biography. In 1944, Cemal Reşit Rey and Ekrem Reşit Rey brothers started to work in the artistic circles of the Air Flight operation in İzmir. One year later, he was involved in operas such as Journeys, Sweet Hard, Zırdeliler, Yaman Well, Platin Palas, the wife of Judge, and served at Muammer Karaca theater. He stayed in Karaca Theater until 1956. In 1952, he starred in Istanbul Stars with Muammer Karaca and stepped into the cinema. Having spent 12 years in art life after marrying and placing in Bolu, the artist returned to the stage with the musical of Keşanlı Ali Destanı in Gülriz Sururi-Engin Cezzar Theater in 1965. Guzin Özipek, who attracted Aydın Tezel's life, lived with his wife seven films and photoshops between 1969-1974. The artist, who played for 12 years in her role as Grandmother Leyla in her last episode of Ours, died at the age of 75 after being given the stage for 56 years. Esra Akkaya Esra Akkaya (born 1970, Istanbul), is a Turkish theater, cinema and series actress. Biography. Esra Akkaya, known for his role as "Şirin" in the headman's section of the locality, was put into art life with Tevfik Gelenbe Theater in 1983. In 1988, she graduated from Mimar Sinan University State Conservatory and started her studies in Istanbul State Theater. She worked in Bakırköy Municipal Theater's "Free Sand Sand" and "Prometheus". She also worked in the Antalya State Theater and took part in various TV series and films outside the theater. Between 1999 and 2000, the actress was married to Yetkin Dikinciler. The children's play "This is My Tale", which was written in 1994, was staged by the Mediterranean Cultures Foundation. Ahmet Üstel Ahmet Üstel (born 1930, Istanbul - died July 13, 1983, Istanbul) is a Turkish writer, producer and actor. Biography. Ahmet Üstel, a graduate of Galatasaray High School, continued his education due to his interest in the writing of theater plays. She started acting life in acting on the Small Stage. Istanbul Theater and Kong Theater. He wrote many screenplay scenarios and radio scythe. After moving to cinema in 1952, he moved to writing altogether, leaving the actor after playing in a movie. In 1954 he founded his own production company called "Cobra". In 1957, he was the first director to experience directing, again working with the comedy genre. Savaş Başar Savaş Başar (15 June 1938 in Silifke – 21 August 1985 in Ankara) was a theater and movie actor, voice actor, director, screenwriter. Biography. In 1959 Muhsin Ertuğrul noticed himself and his friends and was taken to the positions of the State Theater. Having played in all provinces of Turkey, Savaş Başar had a well-known, well-known structure that was widely known. Outside of the theater, he took and starred in important films such as Devlan Aşkı, İffet, Ugly World, and he was also very successful in the voice-over profession. Newly snakes and single poles of theater decorate the theater and the shapes are shaped. Commissioner Colombo and McCoy were very successful in vocalizing. He died at the age of 47 at the heart attack. Yücel Erten Yücel Erten (born 19 October 1945, Muş), is Turkish actor, director, art director, writer, translator. Biography. Born in Muş in 1945, Erten had his primary and secondary education in Antalya and Ankara. In 1969 he graduated from Ankara State Conservatory Theater Department. He started as a trainee artist at the Ankara State Theater. In 1970, he went to Federal Germany to study at state universities and completed the Reji Department of the Essen Folkwang High School. At the same time, he finished his education in Interior-Costume interior specialization at school. During his studies in Germany; Züricher Schauspielhaus in Switzerland, Staatstheater Hannover in Germany, Stædtische Bühnen Essen and Bühne as assistant director and assistant director in 1964. In 1974 Erten returned to his home country, completing the "Folkwang Award" by playing a performance with his diploma. From October 1992, Erten worked for 16 months in the State Teatroller as General Manager and Principal. He resigned with the General Directorate in order to implement electoral methods. Zeyno Günenç Zeyno Günenç (born June 22, 1967, İzmit) is a theater, cinema and serialist. Biography. Zeyno Günenç graduated from Mimar Sinan University State Conservatory Theater Department. He worked in Bursa State Theater for three years. He resigned from this institution and went to Vancouver. Süheyl Uygur and Behzat Uygur brothers traveled to Turkey for a three-year tour of the game titled "Three Slakers". Famous with the character "Aunt Dominant Gonul" in the series named Çocuklar Duymasın ("Children's Hearing"). He married Okan Bayülgen and worked in the Tiyatrokare community. It was alleged that some of the morning program at TRT broke down due to pressures. Alper Kul Alper Kul (born 5 December 1975, Fatih, Istanbul), Turkish actor and writer. Biography. Alper Kul was born on December 5, 1975 in Süleymaniye, Istanbul. Having completed his education at the Theater Department of the Indiana University after MSM, he acted in forms such as City Theaters, DOT, IUSB (USA), BKM. Various movies and series have appeared. Career. At the beginning of October 2, 2009, he played in the BKM for one season. His 2010 autographed son of Babamin played for three years in Turkey and Europe. He received the prize of the Year of the Year award with the AUT theater play staged for the first time in 2010. The theater play "Barcelo" written in 2011 was performed in the theater Ikincikat. After the comedy theater program of 5'er Beşer started in 2011 at ATV, he made and played the project designs of the programs called "İnsanlar Alemi" and "Güldür Güldür" which started at Star TV and continued as the program. Münibe Millet Münibe Millet (born January 23, 1980, Elazığ) is a cinema and theater actor, theater and dance instructor. Biography. He began his education at the Pera Fine Arts Theater Department and took part in many plays in Theater Pera. He got his acting aducation from Mimar Sinan University. After finishing Modern Dance Department, Millet played in cinema, serials and commercials as well as the theater. At the same time she is a theater and dance instructor and voice actor. François Van der Elst François "Swat" Van der Elst (1 December 1954 – 11 January 2017) was a Belgian footballer. He played as a right winger. He played from 1971 to 1986. He played for Anderlecht, New York Cosmos, West Ham United and Lokeren. He was born in Opwijk, Flemish Brabant. On 1 January 2017, Van der Elst was put in an induced coma because of heart failure. He died from cardiac arrest on 11 January 2017 in Aalst, East Flanders. He was 62. List of caravanserais in Azerbaijan This is a list of caravanserais in Azerbaijan. Egyptian goose The Egyptian goose ("Alopochen aegyptiacus") is a member of the duck, goose, and swan family, Anatidae. It lives in Africa, south of the Sahara and the Nile River Valley. Egyptian geese were thought to be sacred by the people in Ancient Egypt. They appeared in much of their artwork. They have been raised for food and bred in parts of Africa since they were domesticated by the ancient Egyptians. Because of their popularity as an ornamental bird, they often escape. Small feral populations have become established in Western Europe. St. Helier railway station St Helier railway station opened in 1930. The only operator for the station is Thameslink. The station is in Fare Zone 4. Platforms. There are two platforms for this station. Platform 1 is for trains towards Luton. Platform 2 is for trains towards Sutton (Surrey). Frequency. This list shows the frequency of trains on typical off-peak hours. Buses. London buses route 154 and S4 operates at this station. Departures. This table shows the departures from this station with the calling points and the time that is taken to get to the end of the line. Bothriospondylus "Bothriospondylus" ('excavated vertebrae') is a genus of sauropodomorph dinosaur known from a handful of vertebrae. it belongs to the family "Bothriospondylidae" that was coined by Richard Lydekker in 1885. The genus is based on the specimen BMNH R44529-5. Richard Lydekker Richard Lydekker (25 July 1849 – 16 April 1915) was an English paleontologist and mammalogist. He wrote a number books on natural history. He was a member of the Geological Survey of India. He later joined the British Museum of Natural History. He was responsible for creating their catalog on their vertebrate fossil collections. Rubihorn The Rubihorn is a mountain in Bavaria, Germany. It is tall and is to the east of Oberstdorf. With the Nebelhorn it makes part of the Daumen Group. On 9 July 1987 there was a rockfall on the north face. The remains can still be seen today. Saeeduzzaman Siddiqui Saeed Uz Zaman Siddiqui (1 December 1938 – 11 January 2017) (pronunciation 'sa'eed -uz- zam'an'; alternatively Saiduzzaman Siddiqui; was a Pakistani jurist and legislator. He served as the Chief Justice of Pakistan at the Supreme Court of Pakistan from November 11, 2016 until his death in 2017. He was the Chief Justice of Pakistan when the 1999 military coup d'état was staged by then-Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee and Chief of Army Staff General Pervez Musharraf. Siddiqui died at the age of 78 on 11 January 2017 in Karachi. Martin Brandtner Martin L. Brandtner (3 July 1938 – 3 January 2017) was an American Marine Corps lieutenant general. He served as the Director for Operations for the Joint Staff until his retirement on 1 June 1993. Brandtner died on 3 January 2017, at the age of 78, in Reno, Nevada. Bob McCullough Robert "Bob" McCullough OAM (died 9 January 2017) was an Australian sport administrator in the area of disability sport. He was President of the Australian Paralympic Federation and the International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Sports Federation. McCullough died in Australia on 9 January 2017. David Shulkin David Jonathon Shulkin (born June 22, 1959) is an American physician and politician. Shulkin was the 9th United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs from February 14, 2017 to March 28, 2018. He served as Under Secretary of Health for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. He was nominated by President Barack Obama on March 18, 2015 and sworn in on July 6, 2015. On January 11, 2017, President-elect Donald Trump announced that he will nominate Shulkin to serve as United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs. Early life. Shulkin was born in Highland Park, Illinois. He was raised in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. He studied at Hampshire College and at Drexel University. Medical career. He served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City. He also served as president of Morristown Medical Center and as vice president of Atlantic Health System Accountable Care Organization. He has been Chief Medical Officer of the University of Pennsylvania Health System, the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Temple University Hospital, and the Medical College of Pennsylvania Hospital. United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs (2017–2018). On January 11, 2017, Shulkin was selected by President-elect Trump as Secretary of Veterans Affairs pending Senate confirmation. Shulkin resigned from a private sector position in 2015 to work in the Department of Veterans Affairs as the undersecretary of health. On February 13, 2017, the Senate unanimously confirmed Shulkin as the U.S. Secretary of Veteran's Affairs with a 100-0 vote. For President Trump's address to a Joint Session of Congress on February 28, 2017, Shulkin served as the designated survivor. In September 2017, "The Washington Post" revealed that Shulkin spent nearly half his time on a recent international trip to Europe, covered by taxpayers, sightseeing and shopping with his wife, Merle Bari. On March 28, 2018, President Trump fired Shulkin. Personal life. Shulkin is married to Merle Bari. Warren Allen Smith Warren Allen Smith (October 27, 1921 – January 9, 2017) was an American gay rights activist, writer and humanities humanist. Career. In 1961, Smith started the Variety Recording Studio, a major independent company off Broadway, New York City, with his business partner and longtime companion Fernando Rodolfo de Jesus Vargas Zamora. Smith ran the company for almost thirty years (1961–90). In 1969, Smith participated in the Stonewall riots. Smith was one of the signatories of the 1973 "Humanist Manifesto II" as well as the Humanist Manifesto III in 2003. Death. Smith died on January 9, 2017 at the age of 95. Takobeya (Japanese bureaucrats) Takobeya is a room. When Japanese bureaucrats make a new law, they establish a takobeya. In general, 5-6 bureaucrats are gathered in takobeya to make a new law. Mainly a takobeya is changed from a conference room in the buildings of central government ministries. Originally, takobeya means an accommodation hut for harsh labors at construction sites in the Meiji period. The work of bureaucrats in takobeya for laws are so harsh that bureaucrats call their room "Takobeya". Manlio Rocchetti Manlio Rocchetti (28 November 1943 – 10 January 2017) was an Italian makeup artist. He won an Academy Award at the 1989 Academy Awards for Best Makeup for the movie "Driving Miss Daisy," which he shared with Lynn Barber and Kevin Haney. His career started in 1960 and he has continued working on makeup with most recently in 2012. He often works with Martin Scorsese. He also won an Emmy for the makeup in "Lonesome Dove". Tommy Allsup Thomas Douglas Allsup (November 24, 1931 – January 11, 2017) was an American rockabilly and country swing guitarist. Allsup was born near Owasso, Oklahoma in 1931. He was an enrolled member of the Cherokee Nation. He worked with entertainers such as Buddy Holly and Bob Wills & His Texas Playboys. Allsup was touring with Holly, Ritchie Valens and J.P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson when he lost a fateful coin toss with Valens for a seat on the plane that crashed, killing Valens, Holly and Richardson on February 3, 1959. Allsup died on January 11, 2017 at his home in Springfield, Missouri of complications from hernia surgery. He was 85 years old. Kenny Wharram Kenneth Malcolm Wharram (July 2, 1933 – January 10, 2017) was a retired professional ice hockey right winger who played 14 seasons in the National Hockey League. He played for the Chicago Black Hawks from 1951 through 1952 and again from 1958 until he retired in 1969. He won a Stanley Cup in 1961. He was born in North Bay, Ontario. Wharram died on January 10, 2017 from heart failure in North Bay, Ontario, aged 83. Jean-Jacques Annaud Jean-Jacques Annaud (born 1 October 1943) is a French movie director, screenwriter and producer. He is best known for directing "Quest for Fire" (1981), "The Name of the Rose" (1986), "The Lover" (1991), and "Seven Years in Tibet" (1997). Annaud has received many awards for his work, including four César Awards, one David di Donatello Award, and one National Academy of Cinema Award. Annaud's first movie, "Black and White in Color" (1976), received an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Mont Aigoual Mont Aigoual () is a French mountain in the Cévennes, a southern part of the Massif Central in the Occitanie region. It is on the border of the Lozère and Gard departments and is the highest mountain of Gard. When the sky is clear, it is possible to see the Mediterranean Sea, the Pyrenees, and also the Alps and Mont Blanc in particular. Name. The word "Aigoual" appears with different meanings: "ad stratam Aigoaldi" in 1228 refers to a route, "marcha Algoaldi" in 1238 names the limits of a territory, and "mons Aigoaldi" in 1249 is the name of the mountain. It seems that Aigoual comes from the word "Algwarld", the name of a person in the region. Geography. Mont Aigoual has an elevation of and is the highest mountain in the Gard department and the second in the Lozère department and in the Cévennes mountains after Mont Lozère that is high. Mont Aigoual is within the "Cévennes National Park" (). The summit of Mont Aigoual is on plateau with an altitude more than high and with an area of about in the "communes" Valleraugue (Gard) et Bassurels (Lozère). The watershed across the plateau divides the drainage basin in two: the Atlantic to the north and the Mediterranean to the south. On its southern slopes is the source of the Hérault river, that flows to the south into the Mediterranean Sea. The mountain is formed by granite from the Palaeozoic era. On top of the mountain there is a meteorological station built in 1887. It is the last remaining weather station in France which is still inhabited by meteorologists. An exhibition on weather forecasting is open to visitors in the summer months. Climate. Mont Aigoual has an oceanic climate (Cfc), bordering to a subartic (Dfc) (highland) climate. Sports. A well-known hiking route is the "Climbing of the 4,000 steps" that begins in Valleraugue and ends in the weather station. The ski station (a place where people go to practice skiing) of Prat Peyrot is on the sides of the Aigoual. It is the biggest ski station of the Cévennes. Stanley Russ Otis Stanley Russ (August 31, 1930 – January 5, 2017) was an American politician. He served as a member of the Arkansas Senate from the 21st (later 30th) district from January 1975 to January 2001. He also served as President pro tempore of the Senate from 1995 to 1997. Russ was born in Conway, Arkansas. He married Nina Benton in 1951. They had two children, and she died in 2005. Russ died from acute myeloid leukemia on January 5, 2017 in Conway. He was 86. Russell Trood Russell Brunell Trood (5 December 1948 – 9 January 2017) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He served as a Senator for Queensland from 1 July 2005 until 30 June 2011. He later served as the National President of the United Nations Association of Australia from 2012 to 2016. He was born in Melbourne, Victoria. Trood died from thyroid cancer on 9 January 2017 in Brisbane, Queensland. He was 68. Mark Andrews Mark Andrews (May 19, 1926 – October 3, 2020) was an American politician from the state of North Dakota. He was a member of the United States Republican Party. Career. During the 1950s he began to enter politics, serving on farmers' organizations and Republican committees. In 1962, Andrews ran for Governor of North Dakota, losing to incumbent William L. Guy by just 2,000 votes out of over 228,500 cast. He ran for one of North Dakota's seats in the United States Senate which was being vacated by the long-serving Republican Milton Young who announced that he would not run for reelection and retire after the election. Andrews won the election with 70% of the vote and served in the Senate for one term, from 1981 to 1987. Andrews was defeated for re-election in 1986 by Democratic-NPL Tax Commissioner Kent Conrad by a mere 2,120 votes in what is still considered an upset. Personal life. Andrews was born in Cass County, North Dakota. He studied at North Dakota State University. Andrews died on October 3, 2020 in Fargo, North Dakota at the age of 94. Roger Angell Roger Angell (September 19, 1920 – May 20, 2022) an American essayist. He was known for his writing on sports, especially baseball. He was a regular contributor to "The New Yorker" and was its chief fiction editor for many years. He wrote many works of fiction, non-fiction, and criticism, and for many years wrote an annual Christmas poem for "The New Yorker". He received awards for his writing, including the George Polk Award for Commentary in 1980, the "Kenyon Review" Award for Literary Achievement in 2005 along with Umberto Eco, and the inaugural PEN/ESPN Lifetime Achievement Award for Literary Sports Writing in 2011. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2007 and was a long-time ex-officio member of the council of the Authors Guild. Angell died of congestive heart failure on May 20, 2022 at his apartment in New York City, aged 101. Douglas Wass Sir Douglas William Gretton Wass (15 April 1923 – 4 January 2017) was a British civil servant. He served as Permanent Secretary to HM Treasury from 1974 to 1983. Wass was Permanent Secretary to HM Treasury from 1974 to 1983 and served as joint head of the civil service in 1981. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in 1971, elevated to Knight Commander (KCB) in 1975 and further elevated to Knight Grand Cross (GCB) in 1980. In 1985, he was awarded an Honorary Degree (Doctor of Letters) by the University of Bath. In 1983, the BBC invited Sir Douglas to present the annual Reith Lectures. In a series of six lectures titled Government and the Governed, he examined the role and responsibilities of government. Wass died on 4 January 2017 in London at the age of 93. Tony Rosato Antonio "Tony" Rosato (December 26, 1954 – January 10, 2017) was an Italian-born Canadian actor, voice actor and comedian. He was best known for his work on "Saturday Night Live", "Second City Television" and "Night Heat". He had voice roles in "Sailor Moon", "Franklin", "George Shrinks", "Atomic Betty" and the video game "" (1999). Rosato was born in Naples. He moved to Canada at the age of four. He grew up in the cities of Halifax, Ottawa and Toronto. Rosato died from a heart attack on January 10, 2017 in Toronto, Ontario. He was 62. Gavin Whittaker Gavin Whittaker (13 January 1970 – 6 January 2017) was an Australian professional rugby league player. He played as in the front row during the 1990s. He played for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs, the Gold Coast Chargers and the Western Suburbs Magpies. He retired in 1998. He was born in Pittsworth, Queensland. Whittaker died from stomach cancer on 6 January 2017 at his home in Parkwood, Queensland. He was 46, and would of turned 47th a week after his death. Allgäu Alps The Allgäu Alps are a mountain range in the Northern Limestone Alps. They are located in Bavaria in Germany, and Tyrol and Vorarlberg in Austria. The range is directly east of Lake Constance. There are relatively high levels of rain and it is the rainiest place in Germany. While there are some permanent snowfields, there are no glaciers. Most mountains have grassy faces on one side, and sheer cliffs on the other. Further south the mountains begin to look Dolomite, as they have crevices and gullies. The main river in the region is the Iller, which splits the mountains in half. The high peaks are all on the east of the Iller. On the west they are usually not taller than 2200m. Many activities occur in them, including hiking and skiing. The ten highest peaks. The highest peaks of the Allgäu Alps are either on Austrian soil or on the Austro-German border. Lucina da Costa Gomez-Matheeuws Lucina Elena da Costa Gomez-Matheeuws (5 April 1929 – 7 January 2017) was a Dutch Antillean politician for the National People's Party (PNP). She served as the Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles, an office her husband Moises Frumencio da Costa Gomez previously held, briefly in 1977. She was also the first female to hold the office. Prior to this, she was the Minister of Health and Environment, Welfare, Youth, Sports, Culture and Recreation (1970–1977). Costa Gomez-Matheeuws died on 7 January 2017 in Willemstad, Curaçao at the age of 87. Großer Krottenkopf The Großer Krottenkopf is the highest mountain in the Allgäu Alps. It is in Austria and is tall. It is part of the Hornbach chain, which runs along the main branch of the Allgäu Alps for 15 km eastwards. There are several routes to climb it from different directions. Tony Booth (artist) Anthony "Tony" Booth (22 June 1933 – 11 January 2017) was a British artist. He was best known as the original poster artist for The Beatles and other bands in the Merseybeat era. He also worked with The Cavern Club. He was known as Brian Epstein's "right-hand man" in the 1960s in Liverpool. He was born in Merseyside and grew up in Moreton. Booth died from cancer on 11 January 2017 in Upton, Merseyside, aged 83. Party for Freedom The Party for Freedom, Dutch: "Partij voor de Vrijheid" (shortened "PVV"), is a right-wing political party in the Netherlands. Party leader, founder and only member is Geert Wilders. The party was founded on 22 February 2006. In the 2006 Dutch general election, PVV won 6 seats in the House of Representatives with 579,490 votes. In the 2010 elections, PVV won 24 seats with 1,435,349 votes. In the 2012 elections, PVV won 15 seats with 950,263 votes. In the 2017 elections, the PVV won 20 seats (+5) with 1,372,941 votes. In the 2021 elections they have won 17 seats (-3). PVV is Eurosceptic, meaning they are against the European Union. They are also openly very critical of Islam. Economically, the party supports economic liberalism and wants to lower taxes. It is also a populist party. The PVV gained a great amount of popularity in 2017, coming second in the election. Anthony King (professor) Anthony Stephen "Tony" King (17 November 1934 – 12 January 2017) was a Canadian-born British professor of government, psephologist and commentator. He was best known for his work at the University of Essex. He was considered a leading expert of democracy. He was also the BBC television analyst on election night from 1983 to 2005. He moved to the United Kingdom in the 1950s. King died on 12 January 2017 at the age of 82. Claudia Poll Claudia Maria Poll Ahrens (born 21 December 1972 in Managua) is a Costa Rican swimmer of German descent. She competes in the 200 m to 800 m freestyle swimming. At the 1996 Summer Olympics she won a gold medal in the 200 meter freestyle. She is the only gold-medalist Costa Rica ever had. At the 2000 Summer Olympics she won two bronze medals, in the 200 meter and 400 meter freestyle. Claudia Poll began swimming in 1979 under coach Francisco Rivas. No article about Claudia Poll can be complete without mentioning mentioning that she has tested positive for an illegal, performance-enhancing steroid and was suspended from competition for four years, according to an announcement this afternoon by the International Amateur Swimming Federation (FINA) in Lausanne, Switzerland. 6 June 2002" Ironically, Poll's older sister, Sylvia, was a silver medalist at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, beaten to the wall by East Germany's Heike Friedrich. After the collapse of Communism, East German Secret police (Stasi) files revealed that Friedrich — along with all other East German Olympic swimmers — had systematically been doped as a matter of national policy. Silvia Poll Sylvia Poll Ahrens (born September 24, 1970 in Managua) is a Costa Rican swimmer of German descent. She is a backstroker and freestyle swimmer. At the 1988 Summer Olympics she won a silver medal in the 200 meter freestyle. It was the first medal for a Costa Rican athlete. Yelko Gómez Yelko Gómez (born March 9, 1989 in Chiriquí Province) is a Panamanian cyclist. He has been riding for Hyundai-Momi-Continental since 2015. In 2014 and 2015 he won the National Time Trial Championships. Igloofest Igloofest is a yearly music festival. It is held outside in Montreal, Canada at the Old Port of Montreal. It began in January 2007 with about 4,000 people attending. In 2012 about 70,000 people attended. Graham Taylor Graham Taylor (15 September 1944 – 12 January 2017) was a British football manager and player. He was the chairman of Watford Football Club. He was the manager of the England national football team from 1990 to 1993. He also managed Lincoln City, Watford, Aston Villa and Wolverhampton Wanderers. He played for Lincoln City and Grimsby Town between 1962 and 1972. Taylor was born in Worksop, Nottinghamshire. He married Rita Cowling in 1965. They had two daughters. Taylor died from a heart attack on 12 January 2017 in Kings Langley, Hertfordshire. He was 72. Dash The dash is a punctuation mark that is usually written in the middle of a line of text. A hyphen is sometimes called a dash, but it is used differently. Dashes are used to add more drama to writing. The two main forms of dashes are: Hohes Licht The Hohes Licht is a mountain in the Allgäu Alps. It is high. It is the second highest in the Allgäu range after the Großer Krottenkopf. The summit is in Tyrol, Austria. Hohes Licht is 14km south of Oberstdorf. It was first climbed in 1854, and a "survey signal" was left on top for triangulation. On 6 August 1869 it was first climbed for leisure purposes by Hermann von Barth. When he arrived the signal was still there. Oil refining Oil refining is the name for a number of processes from chemical engineering, which transform crude oil into useful products such as different fuel oils, Liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, kerosene or diesel oil. These transformation occur in plants called petroleum refineries. The transformations are done in many steps. The refineries are large industrial complexes, that have many different sub-units, and facilities. Each refinery has its own unique arrangement and combination of refining processes. The exact setup of the refinery is largely determined by the its location, desired products and economic considerations. Modern petroleum refineries process as much as 800,000 to 900,000 barrels (127,000 to 143,000 cubic meters) per day of crude oil. Barbary From about the 16th to the 19th century, barbary was a name for a region in North Africa, from Egypt to the Atlantic, and from the Mediterranean to the Sahara. The states were called barbary states or berbery states, after the people of the Berbers, who lived there. The coastal regions were commonly called barbary coast. During the era of Colonialism, names were introduced or re-used, to split this area into single states: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. Today, this region is commonly called Maghreb. New Braunfels, Texas New Braunfels ( ) is a city in Comal and Guadalupe counties in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the seat of Comal County. New Braunfels is a principal city of the San Antonio–New Braunfels metropolitan statistical area. The city's population was 57,740 at the 2010 census. In 2015, its estimated population is 70,543. New Braunfels is northeast of downtown San Antonio. It is southwest of San Marcos, and southwest of Austin. New Braunfels was established in 1845 by Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels. Prince Solms named the settlement in honor of his home in Solms-Braunfels, Germany. The city has a strong German influence. This is seen in the downtown area architecture. The city uses ZIP codes 78130–78133 and telephone area code (830). Brian Fletcher Brian Fletcher (18 May 1947 – 11 January 2017) was an English Jockey. He was born in Cockfield, County Durham. He was known for riding the horse Red Rum to win the Grand National in 1973 and 1974 and for second place in 1975. He first won the Grand National at the age of 20, in 1968 riding Red Alligator. He retired in 1976 with a head injury. Fletcher is one of the only jockey to have won the Grand National three times. He won the Scottish National in 1974. His record winning time on Red Rum in the 1973 Grand National was to stand for 17 years till beaten by Mr Frisk ridden by Marcus Armytage. Fletcher died on 11 January 2017 in England, aged 69. Partisan A partisan is an armed fighter, who is not part of the regular troops of a country or state. The term comes from Italian, where it meant member of a political party. There is no separate legal status for partisans in international law. The law of war uses four criteria to legally define someone as a prisoner of war, if the person is captured: In 1977, there were two additional protocols: They clarified that it is sufficient to carry the weapons openly only on some occasions, to be titled armed combatant. Nikolay Neprimerov Nikolay Neprimerov (1 May 1921 – 11 January 2017) was a Doctor of Technical Sciences and professor of physics at the Kazan State University. Neprimerov was Head of the Department of Radioelectronics of the Kazan University for 32 years and is author of more than 150 scientific papers and 9 monographs. He also authored a book about the everyday life of military pilots during World War II. He was awarded numerous honours and medals. Neprimerov dedicated more than 40 years to and is internationally known for physical research in oil recovery. One-Two-GO Airlines Flight 269 One-Two-GO Airlines Flight 269 (OG269), on September 16, 2007, a McDonnell Douglas MD-82 crashed after an aborted landing. It hit an embankment next to runway 27 at Phuket International Airport. The aircraft burst into flames on impact at about 3:45pm. The crash killed 89 of the 130 persons on board. OG269 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Bangkok to Phuket, Thailand. A two-year investigation by the NTSB resulted in a report. It was based in part on the crash report published by the Aircraft Accident Investigation Committee of the Ministry of Transport. The probable cause of the accident was determined to be crew error. Giulio Angioni Giulio Angioni (28 October 1939 – 12 January 2017) was an Italian writer and anthropologist. He was known for his works "" and "Assandira" . He was born in Guasila, Sardinia. Angioni died on 12 January 2017 in Cagliari, Sardinia, aged 77. Central Department Central () is a department in Paraguay. The capital is the city of Areguá. Its code is PY-11. The department has 2,297,739 inhabitants. That is more than any other department of Paraguay. The department is also the smallest of all the departments. History. The Central Department, known as “Comarca Asuncena”, was the most populated country region in old times. The towns of this department had different origin. Domingo Martínez de Irala started the towns of Itá, Ypané and Areguá in 1538 and 1539. Villeta was founded by the governor Juan Gregorio Bazán de Pedraza in 1714. Other towns were founded around chapels. The towns of Nueva Italia, Colonia Thompson and Villa Elisa were already established as agricultural settlements in the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. These were mainly settled by immigrants. Geography. The Central department is in the central western part of the "Oriental" region. It is on the southern border of the "Western" region. It surrounds the capital, Asunción. The department has an area of . That is of the area of Paraguay. Its estimated population in 2013 was 2,297,739. That gave a population density of inhabitants per square kilometre. The Central department is relatively flat. It has only small hills. It has several rivers, as the Paraguay river, and streams flow through it. The Ypacaraí and Ypoá lakes are on the borders of the department. Districts. The department is divided in 19 districts: Economy. Industries include the processing of food, furniture, clothing, pharmaceutical production, metallurgic, plastic and ceramics. The city of Villeta has a large number of industries. Central is the second biggest economy of Paraguay. Tourism. The Central Department has many attractions for tourism. Among the most famous natural resources at an international level, is the Lago Ypacaraí. This lake is a very important natural attraction and the town of Areguá. The capital of the department is located on the banks of this lake Jim Bunning James Paul David "Jim" Bunning (October 23, 1931 – May 26, 2017) was an American former Major League Baseball pitcher and politician. Bunning played as a pitcher in the Major League Baseball. In his career, he played for the Detroit Tigers (1955–1963), the Philadelphia Phillies (1964–1967; 1970–1971), the Pittsburgh Pirates (1968–1969) and the Los Angeles Dodgers (1969). He retired from baseball in 1971. Bunning served in the United States House of Representatives from January 3, 1987 through January 3, 1999. He was a member of the Republican Party. Bunning served in the United States Senate from January 3, 1999 through January 3, 2011 after retiring. Bunning was 67 years old when he entered U.S. Senate. Among the bills that Bunning sponsored is the Bunning-Bereuter-Blumenauer Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004. Bunning was also the only member of the United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs to have opposed Ben Bernanke for Chief of the Federal Reserve. In the 2010 Senate election, Bunning said he would not run and later supported then-eye doctor Rand Paul. Paul won the election with 56% of the vote. Early life. Bunning was born in Southgate, Kentucky. He studied at St. Xavier High School in Cincinnati, Ohio and later at Xavier University where he got a Bachelor's degree. Baseball career. During his baseball career, he pitched from 1955 to 1971, most notably with the Detroit Tigers and the Philadelphia Phillies. In 1959, the right-hander struck out the side, throwing the minimum nine pitches as a reliever in the top of the ninth inning of Detroit's 5–4 loss to Boston at Briggs Stadium. Sammy White, Jim Mahoney and Ike Delock were the victims of his inning. When Bunning retired, he had the second-highest total of career strikeouts in Major League history; he currently ranks 17th. As a member of the Phillies, Bunning pitched the seventh perfect game in Major League Baseball history on Father's Day Sunday, June 21, 1964, against the New York Mets. He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in 1996. Political career. After retiring from baseball, Bunning returned to his native northern Kentucky and was elected to the city council, then the state senate, in which he served as minority leader. In 1986, Bunning was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Kentucky's 4th congressional district, and served in the House from 1987 to 1999. He was elected to the United States Senate from Kentucky in 1998 and served two terms as the Republican junior U.S. Senator. Bunning reportedly blocked the move to restore public access to the records of past United States Presidents which had been removed under Executive Order 13233. A September 2009 statewide opinion poll said Bunning had a 35% approval rating, with 55% disapproving of his performance. In July 2009, he announced that he would not run for re-election in 2010. Bunning gave his farewell speech to the Senate on December 9, 2010, and was succeeded by Rand Paul on January 3, 2011. Personal life. In 1952, Bunning married his wife Mary Catherine Theis. They had five daughters and four sons together. He lived in his hometown in Southgate, Kentucky. Death. Bunning died at a Fort Thomas, Kentucky hospital on the night of May 26, 2017 at the age of 85 following a stoke he suffered in October 2016. Meir Banai Meir Banai (‎; 5 July 1961 – 12 January 2017) was an Israeli musician, singer, and songwriter. He was a pop, rock and soul musician. He released ten albums, starting in 1984. He was best known his 2007 album "Shma Koli", which had traditional Jewish texts and prayers in the music. He was born in Beersheba. Banai died from cancer on 12 January 2017 in Ganot. He was 55. 2010 Dutch general election The 2010 Dutch general election to elect the members of the House of Representatives was held on 9 June 2010. The conservative liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy won the most seats. Mark Rutte became the prime minister shortly after the election. The Christian Democratic Appeal lost the most seats in this election, while the Party for Freedom won the most. Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala Sri Venkateswara Swamy Temple is one of the most popular and most visited Vaishnavite temple in India. It is in the hills of Tirumala at the city of Tirupati in Chitoor District of Andhra Pradesh.This temple is dedicated to Lord Venkateswara, an avatar of Vishnu. This lord is also called by the names: Balaji, Govinda, Srinivasa, and Venkatajalapati. The Tirumala Venkateswara Temple is on the Venkatadri hill, which is one of the seven hills of the Seshadri hills range. This is why the temple is called Temple of Seven Hills. Tirumala Venkateswara Temple is the second richest temple in the world after the Padmanabhaswamy Temple, Thiruvananthapuram. The temple is daily visited by about 50,000 to 1,00,000 devotees. On Special days like Brahmotsava, Tirumala Temple is visited by more than 5 lakhs of devotees making the temple the most-visited holy place in the world. Christian Democratic Appeal The Christian Democratic Appeal, (shortened "CDA"), is a political party in the Netherlands. It was the merger of three major former political parties: Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), Christian Historical Union (CHU) and Catholic People's Party (KVP). The party was established on 11 October 1980. From 1982 to 2006, the party was very popular in the Netherlands. Their support was strongest in the 1986, 1989, 2002, 2003 and 2006 elections. In the 2010 elections, they lost 20 seats and received less than half of the votes from the previous election. In the 2012 elections, they received 801,620 and lost 8 more seats. In the 2017 elections they won 19 seats (+6), and in the 2021 elections 15 (-4). The party supports Christian democracy. The party can also have Jewish, Muslim and Hindu members of parliament. The party heavily supports the European Union and environmentalism. They call themselves a moderate party, but they have been in an alliance with the centre-right People's Party for Freedom and Democracy. The CDA believes that the toleration of "soft drugs" like marijuana should stop, and practices like abortion and prostitution should be limited. They also want a more friendly and open immigration policy. However, they do want immigrants to integrate into Dutch culture. On 12 June 2021, MP Pieter Omtzigt left the CDA and has become an independent politician. Democrats 66 Democrats 66, , official name: "Politieke Partij Democraten 66" (shortened "D66"), is a political party in the Netherlands. They are a social liberal party. The party was formed on 14 October 1966 by a group of young academics led by Hans van Mierlo. The party had their most success in the 1994 election, where they won 24 out of 150 seats. In the 2010 elections, they received 654,167 votes and won 10 seats. In the 2012 elections they received 757,091 votes and won 12 seats. In the 2017 elections they won 19 seats (+7), and in the 2021 election 24 (+5). D66 is very supportive of the European Union. They historically supported the legalization of gay marriage, prostitution, and euthanasia. The party supports environmentalism and wants a mixed economy. D66 wants tax-cuts for the lower and middle classes. They also want direct democracy. Euroscepticism Euroscepticism is the criticism of the European Union (EU). Some observers also say that the total rejection of the EU is euroscepticism. Euroscepticism should not be confused with Anti-Europeanism, which is the dislike or fear of European culture and/or people. Eurosceptics says that the European Union weakens the nation state. They also say that the European Union is too bureaucratic (meaning that important decisions are made by officials who aren't elected). In 2016, the countries with the most unfavourable view of the EU were Greece, France, Spain and the United Kingdom. The rise of right-wing populist parties in Europe have been contributed to their Eurosceptic views. On 23 June 2016, the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union with 52% voting to leave. Polls. In November 2015, a poll showed that those with a positive image of the EU went down from 52% in 2007 to 37%. Distrust of the EU was highest in Greece (81%), Cyprus (72%), Austria (65%), France (65%) Germany (63%), the United Kingdom (63%) and the Czech Republic (63%). Parties. Some major Eurosceptic parties are shown below (organized by country): Sweden Democrats The Sweden Democrats (Swedish: "Sverigedemokraterna", SD) is a political party in Sweden. The party was founded on 6 February 1988. In the 1988 Swedish general election, they only received 1,118 votes. However, their support has been slowly increasing since. In 2018, they received 1,135,627 votes and won 62 out of 349 seats in the Riksdag. Other political parties in Sweden refuse to cooperate with the SD. Beliefs. The Sweden Democrats mainly believe in social conservatism and nationalism. They believe that the current immigration policies in Sweden have failed. They also to make it harder for people to become citizens. According to the SD, a person who wants to become a citizen should: live in Sweden for 10 years, show that they are not criminals, be fluent in Swedish and know Swedish history. The SD wants to ban abortion after 12 weeks unless the mother's life is in danger. They want a restrictive policy towards drugs and alcohol. They are Eurosceptic, meaning they are critical of the European Union. They awknowledge that LGBT people do not chose their sexuality, and believe that discrimination towards them should be illegal. The SD wants to bring back the conscription (meaning the government forces people to join the armed forces). They are supportive of nuclear power. They are against the death penalty. Ari Rath Ari Rath (‎; 6 January 1925 – 13 January 2017) was an Austrian-Israeli journalist and writer. He was born and grew up in Vienna. After the "Anschluss", Rath, who was Jewish, came through a Kindertransport as a thirteen-year-old boy to Palestine. In 1975, he became an editor for "The Jerusalem Post". Later, in 1979, he became the chief editor. In 1989, he left "The Jerusalem Post", and taught at the University of Potsdam. He supported a peaceful bringing together of Israel and Palestine. Rath died on 13 January 2017 in Vienna at the age of 92. Alexandra Föderl-Schmid Alexandra Föderl-Schmid (born 30 January 1971) is an Austrian journalist. She has been the chief editor of the newspaper "Der Standard" since 2007. She began working at the newspaper in 1990. She has been the newspaper's Germany on-the-scene reporter and Brussels-based European Union on-the-scene reporter. Föderl-Schmid was born in Haslach an der Mühl, Upper Austria. She studied at the University of Salzburg. Palakkad Palakkad is a city in the state of Kerala, India. It is the administrative capital of Palakkad District. Palakkad has the seventh most people in Kerala. Malayalam is the most spoken language in Palakkad city. Population. Palakkad had 130,955 people as of the 2011 Census of India. The literacy rate of the city is 94.20%. The metro area of Palakkad has 293,566 people. Tourist Places. Tourist places in Palakkad include: Irfan Pathan Irfan Khan Pathan is an Indian cricketer from Gujarat. He is a left arm fast bowler and left handed batsman. He started with the India national cricket team in the Border–Gavaskar Trophy. Pathan was the first person to take a hat-trick in the first over. He did this achievement against Pakistan at Karachi. Irfan Pathan was born on 27 October 1984 in what is now Vadodara. His older brother is Yusuf Pathan. He is also a cricketer who played for the National Team of India. Irfan's top score in Test cricket: 102 out. Total wicket:100. ODI Top Score:83 out. Total wicket:173. Anton Nanut Anton Nanut (13 September 1932 – 13 January 2017) was a Slovenian conductor of classical music. From 1981 to 1999, he served as the chief conductor of the RTV Slovenia Symphony Orchestra. He was a professor of conducting at the Academy of Music in Ljubljana. He also had worked with over 200 orchestras and had made over 200 recordings with many labels. He also worked with Milenko Stefanovic. He was born in Kanal ob Soči. Nanut died after a long illness on 13 January 2017 in Šempeter pri Gorici. He was 84. Oude IJsselstreek Oude IJsselstreek is a municipality in the province of Gelderland, the Netherlands. About 39,000 people were living there in 2021. The western part of Oude IJsselstreek lies in the Liemers region, the eastern part in the Achterhoek region. It borders Germany. Oude IJsselstreek was created from the former municipalities of Gendringen and Wisch on 1 January 2005. It is named after the Oude IJssel river. Aa en Hunze Aa en Hunze is a municipality of the province of Drenthe, the Netherlands. In 2016 about 25,000 people were living in this municipality. Aa en Hunze lies in the northeastern part of Drenthe. Aa en Hunze was established in 1998 by combining the municipalities of Anloo, Gasselte, Gieten, and Rolde. Tracer Tracer is a fictional video game character. She first appeared in an update for the game "Heroes of the Storm". She later appeared in the 2016 video game, "Overwatch". These games are made by Blizzard Entertainment, a company that makes and publishes video games. In "Overwatch", the character is known as Tracer, but her real name is Lena Oxton. Her personality is noticeably happy and energetic. She is known as one of the faster characters in the game, but also one with low health. In the game, she is able to teleport and time travel, with her abilities "Blink" and "Recall". She is an "Offense" hero commonly used to flank or distract the enemy team. Her Ultimate Ability, "Pulse Bomb" is commonly used to eliminate high priority targets in a small area, it can also stick to enemies and eliminate others nearby, Tracer herself can also be damaged by this if she is too close. In the real world, she is one of the more well known characters from "Overwatch". This is because she is seen on the cover of the video game and Blizzard has made animated videos featuring her. Design. Tracer was first seen in 2014 at Blizzard Entertainment's "BlizzCon 2014" event. The main designer on "Overwatch", Scott Mercer, said that Blizzard's canceled project, "Titan", had a character with Tracer's abilities. Jeff Kaplan was the main hero designer for "Overwatch"; he had a big part in Tracer's design. While the game was still being designed and tested, or its "beta" period, Tracer's health was lowered. Her personality was designed as heroic and happy. "Overwatch" game designer Michael Chu said, "the thing about Tracer is that she has a personality which is out of the norm for most people. She is incredibly optimistic, she is incredibly bubbly - it's part of her hero persona. We love her, I think she is very much one of the main characters of the game [...] [to] really carry the torch of what the game is all about: heroism." She is British and the British actress Cara Theobold voices her in the game. While the game was still being designed, victory poses were added to the characters. Tracer's "Over the Shoulder" victory pose caused a controversy, because some players thought that the pose's focus on her physical features did not line up with her personality traits. Some players disagreed with this, finding nothing wrong with it, but Jeff Kaplan, the director of "Overwatch" apologized for the pose. Blizzard then changed the victory pose to better fit Tracer's personality, and while some players were happy with the change, as well as with Blizzard listening to the game's community, other players thought that the game's makers were giving up their creative control to offended players. Noordoostpolder Noordoostpolder is a municipality of Flevoland, the Netherlands, and a former municipality of Overijssel. In 2016 about 47,000 people were living in Noordoostpolder. Dronten Dronten is a town and municipality of Flevoland, the Netherlands. In 2016 about 41,000 people were living in the municipality and 28,000 in the town of Dronten. Zeewolde Zeewolde is a village and municipality of Flevoland, the Netherlands. In 2016 about 22,000 people were living here. Kosi River The Kosi river is a river in Asia. It is called the "Sorrow of Bihar" because of the damage caused when it floods. Jallikattu Jallikattu is a traditional event in Tamil Nadu. It is an ancient Tamil event where participants try to embrace a bull, when the bull try to knock them off. It displays the bravery of a person who embraces the bull. The person who wins the event was awarded with money in the ancient Tamil period The earliest history of Jallikattu was from about 2500 years ago. It is held on the day of third day of Pongal festival and second day of Thai month of the Tamil calendar which is known as Maatu Pongal. The Supreme Court ordered a ban on this event on 7th of May,2014 because of animal welfare issues.And the Tamil nadu youngsters protested against the Supreme Court's decision at the Marina beach .Despite being banned more than 2 million people participate in this annual event. The ongoing protests forced the government of India to issue a special ordinance for jallikattu and hence the ban was lifted by the Union Government on 8th of Januar,2018. Organisations like PETA protested against this order and the people of Tamil Nadu asked for the banishment of this organisation from the state. Scallion A scallion is a vegetable. Scallions are also called spring onions, green onions, and salad onions. Achtkarspelen Achtkarspelen is a municipality of Friesland, the Netherlands. In 2016 the municipality had about 28,000 people. Ameland Ameland is an island and municipality of the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. In 2016 the municipality had about 3,600 people. The municipality covers an area of 269 km², the island an area of 59 km². Ameland makes part of the West Frisian Islands (). It lies west of the island of Schiermonnikoog and east of the island of Terschelling. Hochfrottspitze The Hochfrottspitze is a mountain near Oberstdorf, Germany. It is the highest German mountain in the Allgäu Alps at high. The border with Austria is on its ridge. With the Trettachspitze and Mädelegabel, the Hochfrottspitze forms a well known trio of peaks on the main ridge of the Allgäu Alps. It was first climbed in 1869 by Hermann von Barth. The route to the top is difficult to climb. The mountain is made of dolomite. Stadskanaal Stadskanaal is a village and municipality of the province of Groningen, the Netherlands. About 32,000 people were living in the municipality in 2016, and about 20,000 in the village of Stadskanaal in 2012. Kapelle Kapelle, Zeelandic: "Kapelle" or "Kapel'n", is a village and municipality on the former island of Zuid-Beveland, Province of Zeeland, the Netherlands. In 2017 the municipality had about 13,000 people. In 2016 the village had about 7,000 people. Blattodea Blattodea is an order of insects made up of the cockroaches and termites. Milton Metz Milton Metz (c. 1921 – January 12, 2017) was an American radio and television personality in Louisville, Kentucky. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He occasionally did commercial work for local radio and television stations until he was unable to due to his health in the last year of his life. Metz was inducted into the University of Kentucky Journalism Hall of Fame in 1989. He was also named as a Gold Circle Honoree in 2009 by the Ohio Valley Chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. Metz died in Louisville, Kentucky at a retirement facility from complications of a fall on January 12, 2017, aged 95. Paleoconservatism Paleoconservatism (sometimes called paleocon) is a conservative idea that stresses tradition, limited government and civil society, along with religious, national and Western identity. The idea is mainly found in the United States. According to scholar Michael Foley, paleoconservatives want more restrictions on immigration, cuts in multicultural programs, protectionism (basically meaning that foreign goods will be taxed more), isolationism, and to bring back traditional societal roles. Paul Gottfried created the term in the 1980s. It was used to refer to conservative traditional Catholics and agrarian Southerners who turned against Communism during the Cold War. Vsevolod Murakhovsky Vsevolod Serafimovich Murakhovsky (; 20 October 1926 – 12 January 2017) was a Ukrainian-Russian politician. He was born in Luhansk Oblast, Ukrainian SSR. Murakhovsky served as first deputy premier during the Gorbachev Era from 1985 through 1989. Murakhovsky died on 12 January 2017, aged 90. John Jacobs (English golfer) John Robert Maurice Jacobs OBE (14 March 1925 – 13 January 2017) was an English professional golfer, coach, entrepreneur, writer and administrator. He was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2000. He was born in Yorkshire. He founded the PGA European Tour in 1972. Jacobs' death was announced on 13 January 2017 at the age of 91. Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon Antony Charles Robert Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon (7 March 1930 – 13 January 2017), commonly known as Lord Snowdon, was an English photographer and filmmaker. He was married to Princess Margaret, younger daughter of King George VI and younger sister of Queen Elizabeth II. Snowdon retired from the House of Lords on 31 March 2016. Armstrong-Jones died at his home in Kensington, London, England on 13 January 2017, aged 86. Gilberto Agustoni Gilberto Agustoni (26 July 1922 – 13 January 2017) was a Swiss Roman Catholic prelate. He served as the Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura from 1994 to 1998. He was later a Cardinal-Priest of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born in Schaffhausen. Agustoni died on 13 January 2017 at the age of 94. Horacio Guarany Eraclio Catalin Rodríguez Cereijo (15 May 1925 – 13 January 2017), better known as Horacio Guarany, was an Argentine singer, musician and writer. He was called one of the most important Argentine folklore singers. He won a Platinum Konex Award in 1985. He began his career in the 1940s. He released around 57 solo albums. He was signed with the record labels Philips and EMI. He was born in Las Garzas, Santa Fe Province. Guarany died from a cardiac arrest on 13 January 2017 in Luján, Buenos Aires Province. He was 91. Magic Alex Yanni (later John) Alexis Mardas (; 2 May 1942 – 13 January 2017) was better known as Magic Alex, was a Greek electrical engineer and businessman. His nickname, "Magic Alex", was given to him by The Beatles when he worked with the group between 1965 and 1969, including being head of Apple Electronics. He was born in Athens, Greece. Mardas died from complications of pneumonia in his apartment in Athens on 13 January 2017, aged 74. Nationalist Movement Party The Nationalist Movement Party (sometimes called Nationalist Action Party; Turkish: "Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi", MHP) is a political party in Turkey. The MHP was founded on 9 February 1969 by Alparslan Türkeş. Their most successful performance in an election was in 1999, where they received 5,606,634 votes and won 129 out of 550 seats in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. In the last election, they received 5,599,600 votes and won 40 out of 550 seats. The Nationalist Movement Party has been called a neo-fascist party, and has been linked to some violent militias. They are cultural nationalists, and moved from supporting secularism to having a pro-Islamic stance. They are Eurosceptics, meaning they are against the European Union. Their slogan is: "Ülkenin Geleceğine Oy Ver" (meaning "Vote for the country's future"). The MHP refuses to have any form of dialogue with the left-wing Kurdish nationalist Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP). National Alliance (Latvia) The National Alliance (officially called the National Alliance "All For Latvia!" or "For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK"; Latvian: "Nacionālā apvienība „Visu Latvijai!”" or "„Tēvzemei un Brīvībai/LNNK”"; NA) is a political party in Latvia. The current party was founded on 23 July 2011. The party is a merger of All For Latvia! and For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK. Their support has been rising since their creation, and in the last parliament election they received 151,567 votes and won 17 out of 100 seats in the Saeima. In the 2014 European election, they received 63,229 votes and won 1 out of 8 seats. The party is based on nationalism and conservatism. They are Eurosceptic, meaning that they are against the European Union. The party also wants the government to have a stricter anti-Russia stance. Bonaire Bonaire is an island of the Caribbean Netherlands and the former Netherlands Antilles. It is a special municipality (public body) of the Netherlands. It lies off the coast of Venezuela, near the islands of Aruba and Curaçao, which are also parts of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Bonaire lies at . It has a land area of 288 km². In 2014 about 18,000 people were living there. Kralendijk is the island's capital city. Epsom Downs railway station Epsom Downs railway station is a station in the borough of Reigate and Banstead. It opened in 1865. The only operator for this station is Southern. Platforms. There is only one platform for this station and it is used for trains towards London Victoria via Norbury. There is no Sunday service for this station. Frequency. This list shows the frequency of trains on typical off-peak hours. Departures. This table shows the departures from this station with the calling points and the time that is taken to get to the end of the line. Surjit Singh Barnala Surjit Singh Barnala (21 October 1925 – 14 January 2017) was an Indian politician. He was Chief Minister of Punjab from 29 September 1985 to 11 June 1987. He was also the Governor of Tamil Nadu from 3 November 2004 to 31 August 2011, as well as Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. He was a member of the Shiromani Akali Dal party. Barnala was born in Ateli, Punjab (Haryana) to a Sikh family. He married to Surjit Kaur Barnala. They had a daughter and two sons. Barnala died after a long illness on 14 January 2017 in Chandigarh, Punjab. He was 91. Prayagraj Prayagraj ( formerly called as Prayag, also known as Allahabad), is a city in Uttar Pradesh state of India. It is located where three Ganges and Yamuna and Saraswati(Mansatta) rivers join. This city is a holy city for Hindus. It is best known for Kumbha Mela. This fair occurs every 12th year in Prayagraj. The city was named "Allahabad" by the Mughal emperor Akbar. Previously Prayagraj known as Allahabad. The name has changed in Yogi Government Uttar Pradesh in 2018. Transport. Roadways. As a main city, various roads connecting the other places. G.T road passes through the city. Railways. There are 7 main stations in the city. Prayagraj junction is the headquarter of North Central Railway Zone. Daily thousands of trains go to the different routes. Proposed Rapid transit. In city , there are 2 lines are proposed for better connections a light rail metro is proposed. Airways. Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay International airport: There is one domestic/Military airport in Prayagraj airport that holds various routes.There been has a proposal to develop as airport into international airport. Waterways(riverine). River Port in karchana a starting point of N.W 1 city connects to the Haldia. Mädelegabel The Mädelegabel is a mountain on the border of Austria and Germany. It is near Oberstdorf in the Allgäu Alps. It is one of the most-famous and most-climbed high mountains in the German Alps. Mädelegabel is high and made of Dolomite. It is the fourth tallest mountain in the Allgäu Alps, with a 400m tall rock face. With the Trettachspitze and the Hochfrottspitze, the Mädelegabel makes up the well known trio of peaks on the main ridge of the Allgäu Alps. Originally Mädelegabel was the name for all three mountains of the trio. Only later were they given different names. On its southeastern slopes is the Schwarzmilzferner, a small glacier. It was first climbed in 1818, by a survey team. Udo Ulfkotte Udo Konstantin Ulfkotte (20 January 1960 – 13 January 2017) was a German journalist and political scientist. He was an assistant editor for the main daily Frankfurt newspaper, "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung" ("FAZ"). Between 1986 and 1998, Ulfkotte lived in the Middle East mostly, inlcuding Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Egypt and Jordan. He was became a Muslim while living in Afghanistan. He later became a born-again Christian. He later held conservative and anti-Muslim views and was against immigration. He was born in Lippstadt, North Rhine-Westphalia (then in West Germany). Ulfkotte died from a heart attack on 13 January 2017 at the age of 56. Jupiter Ghosh Jupiter Ghosh is a cricketer from Bangladesh. He was born on 22nd July 1989 in Bagerhat, Khulna. Jupiter Ghosh is a Bangladeshi first-class and List A cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and right-arm bowler. Ghosh is an all-rounder and plays as a right-handed batsman. He is currently playing for Khulna Division. Mexicana Flight 940 Mexicana Flight 940, was flying from Mexico City to Los Angeles the plane was operated by a Boeing 727 with 159 passengers and 8 crew members on-board. On March 31, 1986 the plane suffered an in-flight fire and crashed near Michoacán, all 167 people on-board were killed, in Mexico's worst air-disaster. Mark Fisher (theorist) Mark Fisher (11 July 1968 – 13 January 2017) was a British writer, cultural theorist and blogger. He was also known by his blogging name k-punk from 2003. He was known for his writing on radical politics, popular culture and music. He wrote books, including "Capitalist Realism" (2009). He also wrote as a journalist for "The Wire", "The Guardian", "Fact", "New Statesman" and "Sight & Sound". He was based at Goldsmiths, University of London. Fisher died on 13 January 2017 at the age of 48. His wife, Zöe Fisher, said he had taken his own life. Gil Cuerva Gil Cuerva is a Filipino-Spanish actor and model. Cuerva appeared in his debut television remake of the hit South Korean romantic comedy series, "My Love from the Star" in 2017. He played one of the leading characters. The show aired on GMA Network. In 2017, he was nominated as the Best New Male TV Personality by 31st PMPC Star Awards for Television. ASAP (Philippine TV program) ASAP  is the musical variety show is a philippine television variety show broadcast by on ABS-CBN, it premiered on February 5, 1995 replacing "Sa Linggo nAPO Sila". It is the longest running Sunday noontime variety airs at 11:45 AM to 2:30 PM, and is seen worldwide through the subscription-based global TV channel The Filipino Channel.  Artists. Co-hosts and performers. Since 2010's. " Abra Urbeleskarspitze The Urbeleskarspitze is a mountain in the Allgäu Alps. It is tall. It is in the state of Tyrol, Austria. It is the fifth tallest mountain in the Allgäu Alps. It is also the second tallest mountain of the Hornbach chain. It is located next to the Bretterspitze in the Hornbach chain. It is made of dolomite, and has a bell-shaped summit. The first recorded climb was in 1869, by Hermann von Barth, but many think locals climbed it first. There are no easy routes to the top. There are only two useable routes, both of which are quite difficult. Dabwali fire accident The Dabwali fire accident was a fire in a building in Haryana, India on 23 December 1995. At least 400 people were killed. Chopper (movie) Chopper is a 2000 Australian black comedy crime drama movie. It was written and directed by Andrew Dominik and based on the autobiographical books by Mark "Chopper" Read. It stars Eric Bana as the title character and co-stars Vince Colosimo, Simon Lyndon, Kate Beahan and David Field. It has a cult following. Interstate 275 (Michigan) Interstate 275 (I-275) is an Interstate in the U.S. state of Michigan that acts as a western bypass of the Detroit metropolitan area. The Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) maintains the highway. The freeway runs through the western suburbs near Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport. The southern end is the interchange with I-75 near Newport. MDOT considers the Interstate to run to I-96, I-696 and M-5 on the Farmington Hills–Novi city line, running together with I-96 for about . This gives a total length of about . According to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the length is because they consider I-275 to end at the junction with I-96 and M-14. Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway The Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway is an international railway that connects Ethiopia's capital of Addis Ababa with Djibouti. It is linked to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean. Smith & Wesson M&P Smith & Wesson M&P (Military and Police) is a series of handguns named after the famous 20th century Smith & Wesson service revolvers. They are designed mainly for military, police and personal defense use. They are offered in calibers including: .22 LR, .380 ACP, 9×19mm Parabellum, .357 Magnum and .45 ACP. History. In 1852, gunsmiths Horace Smith and Daniel B. Wesson formed the partnership Smith & Wesson. After having financial troubles, in 1854 they sold the company to a shirt manufacturer named Oliver Winchester. In 1866, Winchester renamed the company Winchester Repeating Arms Company. That same year Smith and Wesson formed the second company called Smith & Wesson, which is still in operation. In 1899, the company produced their now-famous Military & Police pistol. It was a double-action which set a standard for modern revolvers. It also introduced what has become a very popular caliber, the .38 S&W Special. In 2005, the company introduced Smith & Wesson M&P model pistol. It was the first polymer handgun for S&W. It is available in 9mm and .40 S&W, and as of February 2016, in .45 ACP. It is recoil-operated and uses the Browning-type locking system. In 2008 the name M&P expanded to became a series of handguns. It includes polymer pistols, (alloy) revolvers and AR-type rifles. The color, with a few exceptions, is usually black. The M&P line has expanded to include the "Pro-series", "Shield-series" and "Bodyguard-series" guns. Supergirl (TV series) Supergirl is an American superhero television series that aired on CBS and later The CW from October 26, 2015, to November 9, 2021. It is based on the DC Comics character Supergirl and stars Melissa Benoist. Supergirl is the cousin of Superman and along with him is one of the last surviving Kryptonians. The series premiered on October 26, 2015 on CBS, and on May 12, 2016 it was renewed for a second season that premiered on October 10, 2016 by The CW. On January 8, 2017, The CW renewed the series for a third season. Plot. Kara Zor-El was sent to Earth from her planet Kyrpton that was about to explode at age of 13 years old by her parents Alura and Zor-El. Alura gave her instructions to protect her baby cousin Kal-El (Superman) who had been sent previously to Earth as well, and told her that due to the Earth yellow's sun, she will obtain extraordinary powers. Kara's spacecraft was hit by a wave of the Krypton explosion and was taken off course to the Phantom Zone, a region in space where time doesn't pass. She stayed there for 24 years, and when the spacecraft escaped for the Phantom Zone and arrived at Earth, she still looked like a 13-year-old girl. Her cousin, Kal-El, had grown up and became Superman. Superman took Kara to be adopted by his friends, the Danvers family. The series begins eleven years old later when the now 24-year-old Kara is learning to use her powers after previously hiding them, while at the same working as a normal person. Steinschartenkopf The Steinschartenkopf is a high mountain in the Allgäu Alps. It is north of the Hohes Licht, in Tyrol, Austria. It is the sixth tallest mountain in the Allgäu Alps. The popular Heilbronn Way ("Heilbronner Weg") runs over the summit. It is the highest point on the Heilbronn Way. Aswan High Dam The Aswan High Dam is a dam on the river Nile, near Aswan, Egypt. It was built from 1960 to 1971, and created Lake Nasser. Dick Gautier Richard "Dick" Gautier (October 30, 1931 – January 13, 2017) was an American actor, comedian, singer and caricaturist. He was best as Hymie the Robot in the television series "Get Smart", Robin Hood in the short-lived comedy series "When Things Were Rotten". He also played Stanley Beamish in the short-lived sitcom series "Mister Terrific" (1967). He had many voice roles in the 1986 animated "" series. Gautier was born in Los Angeles, California. He had three children from his first marriage. He married actress Barbara Stuart in 1967. They later divorced and Gautier married Tess Hightower. Gautier died after a long illness on January 13, 2017 in Arcadia, California. He was 85. Yama Buddha Anil Adhikari (; 30 May 1987 – 14 January 2017) was a Nepalese rapper. He was better known by his stage name Yama Buddha. He was a Nepalese hip hop artist, also known as "NepHop". He was known for his songs "Mero Juttama", "Saathi, Aaudaichu Ma", "Footpath mero ghar" and "Yo prasanga", all in Nepali. He began his career in 2007. He was a presenter of the rap battle show "Raw Barz". He was born in the Eastern Development Region. He lived in the United Kingdom with his wife. Yama Buddha died on 14 January 2017 in London at the age of 29. Inner peace Inner peace (or peace of mind) happens when a person is able to make their mind calm despite stressful things that may be happening around them. Marchspitze The Marchspitze is a mountain in the Allgäu Alps. It is made of Dolomite and is part of the Hornbach chain. The mountain is high. It is in Tyrol, Austria, 1.5 kilometres east of the Großer Krottenkopf. It is a hard climb and therefore not many people visit it. Bretterspitze The Bretterspitze is a mountain in Tyrol, Austria. It is part of the Hornbach chain in the Allgäu Alps. The mountain is high. It is next to the Gliegerkarspitze to the west and the Urbeleskarspitze to the northeast. The summit of the Bretterspitze is made of dolomite. Bockkarkopf The Bockkarkopf is a mountain in the Allgäu Alps on the main ridge. It is high. It is the ninth highest peak in the Allgäu Alps. Bockkarkopf forms a border between Bavarian border with Tyrol. It is found between the Wilder Mann mountain to the southwest and the Hochfrottspitze mountain to the northeast. The popular Heilbronn Way ("Heilbronner Weg") runs over the triangular peak. Lieutenant Governor of Iowa The Lieutenant Governor of Iowa is a assistant governor. If the governor quits or dies, then the lieutenant governor will become governor of the state. The current Lieutenant Governor is Republican Adam Gregg since January 18, 2019. Before 1990, the governor and lieutenant governor were elected in separate elections; since then they have run together on the same ticket. Living former lieutenant governors of Iowa. , there are seven former lieutenant governors of Iowa who are currently living at this time, the oldest lieutenant governor of Iowa being Roger Jepsen (served 1969–1973, born 1928). The most recent death of a former lieutenant governor of Iowa was that of Jo Ann Zimmerman (served 1987–1991, born 1936), on October 23, 2019. Rudolf Slánský Rudolf Slánský (31 July 1901 – 3 December 1952) was a Czechoslovak Communist politician. He was a longtime member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. Later he was the General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee (1945-1951). Slánský was one of the main organizers of the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état. During World War II he was a member of Czechoslovak exile resistance in the foreign centre in Moscow. Slánský was executed on December 3, 1952 at Prague’s Pankrac Prison. Early years. Slánský was born on July 31, 1901 in Nezvěstice near Pilsen, Bohemia. His father was a Jewish merchant. He studied at a public academy in Plzeň. Slánský joined the Czechoslovak Communist Party in 1921, three years after it was formed. In 1924 he was the editor of the Communist Party newspaper, "Rude Pravo". He rose in the ranks of the Party becoming a member of the Central Committee. He was in hiding from 1929 to 1935 because the Party was illegal in Czechoslovakia at the time. He became a member of the National Assembly and a close associate of Klement Gottwald. World War II. When the Munich Agreement was signed in 1938, Czechoslovakia’s Sudetenland was taken over by Nazi Germany. When the German army marched into the Sudetenland on October 1, 1938, Slánský fled. He went to the Soviet Union and stayed there during most of World War II. He returned to Czechoslovakia in 1944 and took part in the Slovak National Uprising. Postwar. After the war, he was involved in politics. The Communist Party in Czechoslovakia agreed to accept many of Joseph Stalin's trained Czechs. Slánský was made the Secretary-General of the Party in Czechoslovakia. By 1948, it was clear that Gottwald was following the Stalinist style of politics. Arrest and trial. Slánský himself had been in charge of purges of several of his associates. When Gottwald thought he might be next, he had Slánský and 13 others arrested. The charges against Slánský included treason, spying and sabotage. Slánský finally confessed after being tortured. Then he had to memorize a speech for the show trial. All of the 14 had confessed. Slánský was one of the 11 who was given a death sentence. Twice Slánský attempted suicide while he was waiting for his execution. Finally, on December 3, 1952, he was hanged at Pankrac Prison. After Stalin died in 1953, there were fewer purges. In April 1963, Slánský and his fellow victims were cleared of the charges against them. In May, 1968, Slánský and the others were formally exonerated. Aero Caribbean Flight 883 Aero Caribbean Flight 883 was a passenger flight from Port-au-Prince to Havana with a stopover at Santiago de Cuba. On November 4, 2010, the ATR-72-212 crashed near Sancti Spíritus due to icing. All 68 people on-board were killed in Cuba's 3rd deadliest air-disaster. Herbert Mies Herbert Mies (23 February 1929 – 14 January 2017) was a German politician. He joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) in 1945. He was the chairman of the party from 1973 to 1989. He was a winner of the 1985–86 Lenin Peace Prize. He was born in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg. Mies died on 14 January 2017 in Mannheim at the age of 87. Ferdinand Peroutka Ferdinand Peroutka (6 February 1895 – 20 April 1978) was a Czech journalist and writer. He is considered to be one of the most important journalists in Czech history. Life. Early career. From 1919 to 1924 he worked as editor of magazine "Tribuna" (Tribune), then from 1924 to 1939 he was editor-in-chief of revue "Přítomnost" (Presence). His activity was supported by T. G. Masaryk, who also contributed to his magazines. Peroutka was also wrote about politics in "Lidové noviny," where he wrote against Nazis and communists, whose idelogies he saw as dangerous. For this he was frequently attacked by members of those parties. He also openly criticiced Adolf Hitler, for his lies and false promises. World War II. After German occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1939, Peroutka was forced to write propaganda for the Nazis. He didn't listen and in April 1939 issue of "Přítomnost" he wrote an article "Dynamický život" (Dynamic life) about the 50th birthday of Adolf Hitler. In this article he acknowledged Hitler's power, but refused that Czechs should listen to him. For this he was sent to concentration camp, but was released after few days. Although, a few months later in September 1939 he was jailed again, along with other potential enemies of Nazi regime. Peroutka was jailed in concentration camps Dachau and Buchenwald, where he was liberated by American army in 1945. After the war. After the war Peroutka became editor-in-chief of "Svobodné noviny" and "Dnešek," that replaced his previous magazines. In those years he was repeatedly accused by communists of sympathizing with Nazis. Peroutka refused those claims. The alleged evidence of the communists were articles "Dynamický život" and "Hitler po lidské strance" (Hitler with a human face), that Peroutka didn't actually write. Many years later in 2015, Czech president Miloš Zeman claimed that Peroutka was fascinated by Nazism and wrote an article called "Hitler je gentleman" (Hitler is gentleman). Although this was not proved, Zeman refused to offer an excuse. Zeman was eventually forced by the court to apologize for his false statement. In the years 1945-1946 he was a member of the parliament for Czech National Social Party. Exile. After Soviets assumed control over Czech government in 1948 Peroutka went to exile. First he went to England and later to United States. He worked for Radio Free Europe in Munich and was one of the members of The Council of Free Czechoslovakia. Peroutka became one of the most important anti-communist personalities and his works were banned behind Iron Curtain. Reading and spreading his work was illegal and Communist government pretented he never existed. Because of this Czechs growing up after normalization had practically no way to find out who he was. Peroutka died in 1978 in New York. After Velvet revolution he was buried on Vyšehrad in 1991. Richard Divall Richard Divall (9 September 1945 – 15 January 2017) was an Australian conductor and musicologist. He spent nine years as a music producer at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. He was born in Sydney, New South Wales. From 1972, on the invitation of Dame Joan Hammond, he became the music director of the Victoria State Opera in Melbourne, Victoria. He stayed with the opera for 25 years. His teachers included Nikolaus Harnoncourt, Sir Charles Mackerras, Sir Reginald Goodall and Wolfgang Wagner. He was also a professor in Melbourne, London and Malta. Divall died after a long illness 15 January 2017 in Melbourne. He was 71. After Eight After Eight is the name of mint chocolate candies made by Nestlé. Biberkopf The Biberkopf is a mountain in the Alps. It is on the border between Germany and Austria. The mountain is high. The Biberkopf is on the main ridge of the Allgäu Alps. It forms a border between Bavaria, Germany and Tyrol, Austria. It is about 15.5 km southwest of Oberstdorf and about 2.5 km east of the Schrofen Pass. The "Biberkopf" is sometimes called the most southerly point in Bavaria and Germany. However, its summit is 110 metres further north than the Haldenwanger Eck, which is 4,088 metres to the west. The mountain is made of dolomite. Hornbach chain The Hornbach chain () is a string of mountains, about 15 kilometres long. They are part of the Allgäu Alps in the Austrian state of Tyrol. The Hornbach chain leaves the main ridge of the Allgäu Alps at the Öfnerspitze. It arcs from the north to the east. In the west another branch goes south, which is where the Großer Krottenkopf (2,656 m) is found. The mountain is the highest in the whole Allgäu Alps. On the main ridge of the Hornbach chain, the highest peaks are the Marchspitze (2,609 m), the Bretterspitze (2,608 m) and the Urbeleskarspitze (2,632 m). They are all in the ten most important summits of the Allgäu Alps. Carlos Fernández Gondín Carlos Fernández Gondín (1 July 1938 – 7 January 2017) was a Cuban politician. He was born in Santiago de Cuba. He served as the Minister of the Interior of Cuba from 2015 until his death in 2017 during the Raul Castro presidency. In 2015, he suffered a stroke. He died in Havana from complications of a chronic condition on 7 January 2017, aged 78. Ryszard Parulski Ryszard Parulski (9 March 1938 – 10 January 2017) was a Polish fencer. He won a silver medal in the team foil event at the 1964 Summer Olympics and a bronze in the same event at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He was born in Warsaw. Parulski served as the vice-chairman of the Polish Olympic Committee from 1990 until 1992. James Fairfax James Oswald Fairfax (27 March 1933 – 11 January 2017) was an Australian company director and philanthropist. He was a member of the Fairfax family, an Australian family in the newspaper publisher industry. He became a director of John Fairfax & Sons Ltd in 1957 and took over from his father in 1977. He resigned in 1987 and sold his shares to his half brother Warwick Fairfax, during 'young Warwick's' ultimately disastrous takeover bid. Fairfax was born in Sydney. He studied at Cranbrook School, Geelong Grammar School and Balliol College, Oxford. Fairfax published a memoir in 1991. He died on 11 January 2017 in Sydney at the age of 83. James Ferguson-Lees Ian James Ferguson-Lees (8 January 1929 – 11 January 2017) was a British ornithologist. He became known as a member of the British Birds Rarities Committee who was responsible, with John Nelder and Max Nicholson, for publicly debunking the Hastings Rarities. Ferguson-Lees was born in Italy. He died on 11 January 2017 in England at the age of 88. Jan Szczepański Jan Antoni Szczepański (20 November 1939 – 15 January 2017) was a Polish boxer. He won the gold medal in the lightweight division (– 60 kg) at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. In the final he defeated Hungary's László Orbán on points (5:0). Szczepanski died on 15 January 2017, after long illness in Warsaw, aged 77. Eddie Long Eddie Lee Long (May 12, 1953 – January 15, 2017) was an American pastor. He was the senior pastor of New Birth Missionary Baptist Church, a megachurch in unincorporated DeKalb County, Georgia, from 1987 until his death in 2017. Career. When Long started as pastor for New Birth Church, there were 300 church members, which grew to 25,000. During this time, Long was found not guilty in Senate investigations concerning whether he personally profited from his church's tax-exempt status. Also, civil lawsuits were filed against him alleging sexual abuse of multiple underage male members of his parish. Long has denied wrongdoing through his attorneys and privately settled the lawsuits out of court for undisclosed amounts. Death. Long died from cancer-related causes on January 15, 2017, aged 63. Frank Spellman Frank Isaac Spellman (September 17, 1922 – January 12, 2017) was an American weightlifter. He set several Olympic records and earned a gold medal in 1948. Spellman has been elected to the United States Weightlifting Hall of Fame, the Helms Athletic Foundation Hall of Fame and the Porterville Quarterback Hall of Fame. He was born in Malvern, Pennsylvania. In addition to being inducted into the Philadelphia Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in its class of 2003 / 2004, Spellman was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1983. Spellman died on January 12, 2017 at the age of 94. Xavier University Xavier University ( ) is a co-educational Jesuit, Catholic university located in Norwood, an enclave of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. It was established in 1831. The school is the sixth-oldest Catholic and fourth-oldest Jesuit university in the nation. Xavier has an undergraduate enrollment of 4,485 students and graduate enrollment of 2,165. Xavier is primarily an undergraduate, liberal arts institution. Greg Trooper Greg Trooper (January 13, 1956 – January 15, 2017) was an American singer-songwriter. His songs have been recorded by many artists, including Steve Earle, Billy Bragg and Vince Gill. Early life. Trooper was born in Neptune Township, New Jersey, and raised in nearby Little Silver. He studied at the University of Kansas. Career. Trooper moved to New York City for the 1980s and part of the 1990s, where he formed The Greg Trooper Band along with Larry Campbell on guitar, Greg Shirley on bass and Walter Thompson on drums. During this time he recorded his first two records: "We Won't Dance" and the critically acclaimed "Everywhere" produced by Stewart Lerman. He also met songwriter/publisher Earl Shuman, who secured Trooper's first publishing deal with CBS Songs. Trooper's records caught the attention of Steve Earle, who recorded Trooper's "Little Sister." In the early 1990s, Trooper met E Street Band bassist Garry Tallent who, like Trooper, would move to Nashville. Tallent produced Trooper's 1996 album "Noises in the Hallway" and released it on his D'Ville Record Group label. "Popular Demons" followed in 1998, on Koch Records and produced by Buddy Miller. After the release of that album, Trooper signed with Nashville indie Eminent Records, which released "Straight Down Rain" in 2001. Death. Tropper died on January 15, 2017 in Nashville, Tennessee from pancreatic cancer, aged 61. Super Mario Run Super Mario Run is a side-scrolling auto-running video game developed and published by Nintendo for iOS and Android devices. It was released first for iOS on December 15, 2016. It was released for Android in March 22, 2017. Super Mario Run has three game modes. It has core game where the player controls Mario or other characters and automatically run across the screen while jumping to collect coins and other awards. It has a Toad Rally where players compete against ghosts of other players. It also has a Mushroom Kingdom area for players to expand using coins and other collectibles from the other game modes. David Modell David Modell (born David Orrick McDearmon, Jr.; August 16, 1960 – January 13, 2017) was an American business executive and sports team owner. He was born in Willoughby, Ohio. He served as president and COO of the National Football League's Baltimore Ravens. Modell served as chairman for 3ality Digital, Inc.. Modell died on January 13, 2017 from lung cancer in Baltimore, Maryland, aged 56. Willoughby, Ohio Willoughby is a city in Lake County, Ohio, United States and is a suburb of Cleveland. The population was 22,268 at the 2010 census. Harwood Heights, Illinois Harwood Heights is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population was 8,612 at the 2010 census. The current mayor is Arlene Jezierny. She is the second woman to serve as mayor in Harwood Heights, the first being Margaret Fuller. Mohammed bin Faisal Al Saud Mohammed bin Faisal (1937 – 14 January 2017) was a Saudi businessman and a member of House of Saud. He was a son of King Faisal. He was one of the pioneers in the establishment of Islamic banking. He was born in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Mohammed bin Faisal was the chairman of the board of trustees of the King Faisal Foundation. He was also a member of Effat University's board of founders and of trustees. Mohammed bin Faisal died on 14 January 2017 in Mecca, Saudi Arabia at the age of 80. Nicodemo Scarfo Nicodemo Domenico "Little Nicky" Scarfo (March 8, 1929 – January 15, 2017) was a member of the American Mafia who eventually became the Boss of the Philadelphia crime family after the death of Angelo Bruno and Phil Testa. During his criminal career, Scarfo was described by some as psychotic, cruel and vicious. From many accounts of his former criminal associates who testified against him, he would want to murder someone if he was shown the slightest bit of disrespect or even if he was stared at. John Wightman John Matthew Wightman (October 2, 1938 – January 5, 2017) was an American politician from the state of Nebraska. He served two terms, from 2007 to 2015, in the Nebraska Legislature, representing a district in the central part of the state. Wightman was a member of the Republican Party. He was also mayor of Lexington, Nebraska. Wightman died on January 5, 2017 of respiratory failure at the age of 78 in Lexington, Nebraska. Claude Steiner Claude M. Steiner (6 January 1935 – 9 January 2016) was a French-born American psychotherapist and writer. He wrote about transactional analysis (TA). His writings have focused especially on life scripts, alcoholism, emotional literacy, and interpersonal power plays. In the 1970s and '80s, Steiner was a founder and practitioner of Radical Psychiatry, a new approach to psychotherapy based in a social theory (of alienation) rather than a medical one (of individual pathology). Influenced by progressive movements of the time, work in this modality continues into the present and is gaining recent recognition worldwide. Steiner died at his ranch in Ukiah, California on 9 January 2017, aged 81. Kevin Starr Kevin Starr (September 3, 1940 – January 14, 2017) was an American historian. He was born in San Francisco, California. Starr was best known for his multi-volume series on the history of California, collectively called "Americans and the California Dream". Starr died of a heart attack in San Francisco on January 14, 2017, aged 76. Steve Dillon Steve Dillon (22 March 1962 – 22 October 2016) was a British comic book artist. He was best known for his work with writer Garth Ennis on "Hellblazer", "Preacher" and "The Punisher". He began his career in the 1970s. He was born in London and grew up in Luton, Bedfordshire. Dillon died of problems caused by appendicitis on 22 October 2016 in Manhattan, New York, United States. He was 54. The Chainsmokers The Chainsmokers are an American pop and electronic dance music duo. They are made up with Drew Taggart and Alex Pall. The duo released their first studio album, "Bouquet", in October 2015. Their song, "Roses", reached the Top 10 on "Billboard" Hot 100. In 2016, "Closer", with vocals from Halsey, became their first #1 single on the Hot 100 chart. The Chainsmokers are from New York City. Krottenspitze The Krottenspitze is a mountain in the Allgäu Alps. It is high. It is one of the few rocky summits of the main ridge that is visible from Oberstdorf. There are no marked routes to the Krottenspitze. It was first climbed in 1854 for survey work. It is made of Dolomite. Rick Parfitt Richard John "Rick" Parfitt, OBE (12 October 1948 – 24 December 2016) was an English musician, singer-songwriter and guitarist. He was born in Woking, Surrey. Parfitt was best known as a singer, songwriter and rhythm guitarist for rock band Status Quo. Parfitt died, aged 68, on 24 December 2016 in a hospital in Marbella, Spain from sepsis complicated by an infected shoulder injury he suffered two days before. Marbella Marbella is a city and municipality in southern Spain, belonging to the province of Málaga in the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is part of the Costa del Sol and is the headquarters of the Association of Municipalities of the region; it is also the head of the judicial district that bears its name. Background. Marbella is near the Mediterranean Sea, between Málaga and the Strait of Gibraltar, in the foothills of the Sierra Blanca. The municipality covers an area of crossed by highways on the coast, which are its main entrances. In 2012 the population of the city was 140,473 inhabitants, making it the second most populous city in the province of Málaga and the eighth in Andalusia. It is one of the most important tourist cities of the Costa del Sol and throughout most of the year is an international tourist attraction, due mainly to its climate and tourist infrastructure. Historical value. The city also has a significant archaeological heritage, several museums and performance spaces, and a cultural calendar with events ranging from reggae concerts to opera performances. Climate. Marbella is protected on its northern side by the coastal mountains of the Cordillera Penibética and so enjoys a climate with an average annual temperature above . The highest peaks of the mountains are occasionally covered with snow, which usually melts in a day or two. Average rainfall is 628 l/m², while hours of sunshine average 2,900 annually. Howard Shore Howard Leslie Shore (born October 18, 1946) is a Canadian composer. He is known for his movie scores. He has composed the scores for over 80 movies, mostly known for the scores for "The Lord of the Rings" and "The Hobbit" movie trilogies. Shore has also composed a few concert works including one opera, "The Fly", based on the plot of David Cronenberg's 1986 movie premiered at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris on July 2, 2008, a short piece Fanfare for the Wanamaker Organ and the Philadelphia Orchestra, and a short overture for the Swiss 21st Century Symphony Orchestra. In addition to his three Academy Award wins, Shore has also won three Golden Globe Awards and four Grammy Awards. Influences. Shore stated composers like Bernard Herrmann, Henry Mancini, Michel Legrand, Jerry Goldsmith, Lalo Schifrin, John Williams, John Coltrane, Elmer Bernstein, John Barry and Maurice Jarre as influences. Inauguration of Donald Trump The inauguration of Donald Trump as the 45th president of the United States happened on Friday, January 20, 2017, on the West Front of the United States Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. The inauguration marked the beginning of the four-year term of Donald Trump as President and of Mike Pence as Vice President. The presidential oath of office was administered to Trump by Chief Justice John Roberts on the Lincoln Bible and the vice presidential oath of office was administered to Pence by Associate Justice Clarence Thomas. Benedictions were given by several clerics (among them a rabbi and reverend Franklin Graham, son of the retired reverend Billy Graham, who for decades gave benedictions at the inauguration of US presidents). The main theme in the inauguration speech of President Trump was his focus on the interests of the United States ("America first!", "Make America Great Again"). Spectators were far fewer than at the inaugurations of his predecessor Barack Obama, although this was contested by President Trump and his spokesman. Most voters in Washington D.C. had voted for Hillary Clinton, Trump's main opponent in the 2016 United States presidential election. Presidents Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama, along with their respective wives, the First Ladies (including Hillary Clinton), had all confirmed their attendance at Trump's inauguration, and were all present. George H. W. Bush, age 92, did not attend the inauguration due to health reasons. Many groups applied for demonstration permits for Donald J. Trump's inauguration, including Bikers for Trump, and the Women's March on Washington, scheduled for the day after inauguration day. Most of the demonstrators were against the new president, and a few were rioters. Sumiko Mizukubo is a Japanese silent movie actress. She acted in several movies of Naruse Mikio and Ozu Yasujiro. She quit movie-acting in 1935. She was known for her roles in "Chocolate Girl" (1930), "Apart From You" (1933), "Dragnet Girl" (1933) and in "Rappa to Musume" (1933). Amin Nasir Amin Nasir ( – 16 January 2017) was a Singaporean football player and manager. He played as a defender for sides including Sembawang Rangers and Woodlands Wellington. Amin managed the S.League side Hougang United from 2013 to 2014. He also represented the Singapore national football team and was awarded a bronze medal at the 1993 Southeast Asian Games. His brother, Nazri, captained the Singapore national team from 1997 to 2003. Amin was first diagnosed with colon cancer in 2012. He died on 16 January 2017 at the age of 48 in Yishun, Singapore. He was survived by his wife and two children. Barry Cassin Barry Cassin (1924 – 14 January 2017) was an Irish television, stage and screen actor. On stage, he is best known for his role in the production of "Twelve Angry Men". He was born in Dublin. On screen and on television, Cassin played mostly secondary roles such as in the recent movie "Byzantium". Cassin's daughter, Anne, is a well-known journalist and news presenter for Raidió Teilifís Éireann. Cassin died in Dublin on 14 January 2017, aged 92. Royal Rumble (2014) Royal Rumble (2014) was a wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) made by WWE. It happened on January 26, 2014. It was performed at the Consol Energy Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was the twenty-seventh time a Royal Rumble was held and the first to be held in Pittsburgh. Five matches were performed at the event. The most important match was the Royal Rumble match. Batista won it by last eliminating Roman Reigns and Roman eliminate 12 men which broke Kane's record for most eliminations in one match from 2001. Alexander Rusev also wrestled in WWE for the first time in the Royal Rumble match. Lists of state leaders by age This article contains various lists of state leaders organized by age, defined as heads of state and/or heads of government. 10 oldest serving state leaders. People currently serving as head of state and/or head of government, a party leader of a one-party state, or a representative of a head of state. Longest-lived state leaders. The following lists are the top ten all-time state leaders and the top ten living. 10 youngest state leaders (since 1942). Leaders still serving are highlighted in italicized bold. Shigeru Kōyama was a Japanese actor. He began acting in 1952. He appeared in "Samurai Rebellion" (1967), "Taiyō o Nusunda Otoko" (1979) and "Beyond Outrage" (2010). He was known in the United States for appearing in "Black Rain" (1986), starring Andy García, Michael Douglas and Ken Takakura. He was born in Kure, Hiroshima. Kōyama died from pneumonia on 3 January 2017 in Kyoto Prefecture. He was 87. Franca Sozzani Franca Sozzani (20 January 1950 – 22 December 2016) was an Italian journalist. She was the editor-in-chief of "Vogue Italia" from 1988 until her death in 2016. She was born in Mantua. Her son, Francesco Carrozzini (born 1982), is a director and photographer. Sozzani died after a long illness on 22 December 2016 in Milan. She was 66. Aleksandr Ezhevsky Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Ezhevsky (; 3 November 1915 – 15 January 2017) was a Soviet Russian statesman and politician. He served as the minister of tractor and agricultural machinery (engineering) of the USSR from 1980 to 1988. He was given for Order of Lenin awards. He was born in Tulun, Irkutsk Governorate of Siberia. Ezhevsky turned 100 in 2015. He died on 15 January 2017 at the age of 101. Franz Jarnach Franz Jarnach (14 October 1943 – 16 January 2017) was a German actor and musician. He was also known by his stage name Mr. Piggi. He was best for his role as Schildkröte in the improv comedy series "Dittsche". He appeared in the series at least 188 times between 2004 and 2014. He was a pianist for the 1960s British beat group Lee Curtis and the All-Stars. He appeared on the music program "Beat-Club" with the group twice. He was also a member of the rock band The Rattles during the early 1990s. Jarnach was born in the Bad Godesberg district of Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia. His father, Philipp Jarnach (1892–1982), was a composer. Jarnach died from a heart attack on 16 January 2017 in Hamburg. He was 73. Zdeněk Svěrák Zdeněk Svěrák (born 28th March 1936 in Prague) is best known as a Czech actor and writer. He is also a noted playwright and songwriter. He is the holder of 3 Magnesia Litera awards and 3 Czech Leo awards. He studied at the Pedagogic University and was a teacher. After 4 years as a teacher, he started to work in Czechoslovak radio. There he met musician Jaroslav Uhlíř and since then he collaborated with him. Zdeněk Svěrák and Ladislav Smoljak are creators of czech most famous entertaining genious person Jára Cimrman. They have made 13 theatre plays about him and his life. As actor he appears in czech classic movies as: Na samotě u lesa, Marečku, podejte mi pero!, Trhák, Tři veteráni, Obecná škola or Vratné Láhve. He founded the Theater of Jara Cimrman in 1966. Zdeněk's son, Jan Svěrák (*1965), is czech film director and one of 4 Czechoslovakian/Czech men who won Oscar. In 1997, the Father and son team won an Oscar for their movie "Kolja". Zdeněk Svěrák starred in the movie. In 2014 he was awarded the President's Prize for lifetime achievements ad the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. Vicki Lansky Vicki Lee Lansky (née Rogosin; January 6, 1942 – January 15, 2017) was an American author and publisher. She wrote parenting books and other advice books. She wrote over forty books, first with "Feed Me I’m Yours". Other books she wrote include "Divorce Book for Parents", "101 Ways To Tell Your Sweetheart "I Love You"" and five "101 Ways" books. Her books sold over six million copies. Lansky was born in Louisville, Kentucky and grew up in Westchester, New York. She had two children with her first husband, Bruce. They later divorced. In 2008, she married Stephen M. Schaefer. Lansky died from cirrhosis on January 15, 2017 in Plymouth, Minnesota. She was 75. Cuvier's dwarf caiman The Cuvier's dwarf caiman ("Paleosuchus palpebrosus"), also called a musky caiman and dwarf caiman, is a genus of Caiman native to northern and central South America. They are the smallest living crocodilians in South America. They live in freshwater lakes. It was first described by the French zoologist, Georges Cuvier, in 1807. They grow up to long for males and long for females. Cuvier's dwarf caiman weigh between and . They live up to 40 years. Cuvier's dwarf caiman was first described by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier in 1807. It is one of only two species in the genus Paleosuchus. The Cuvier's dwarf caiman has an average length of 1.4 m (4.6 ft) for males. The average length for females is 1.2 m (3.9 ft). An adult weighs around 6 to 7 kg (13 to 15 lb). It has strong body armor, which provides protection against predators. Young dwarf caimans mainly feed on invertebrates. It also eats small fish and frogs. Adults eat larger fish, amphibians, and invertebrates, such as large molluscs. It is listed Least concern. Věra Čáslavská Věra Čáslavská (3 May 1942 – 30 August 2016) was a Czechoslovakian artistic gymnast and Czech sportswoman. She was very attractive, cheerful and popular with the general public. Věra Čáslavská won 22 international titles between 1959 and 1968, including seven Olympic gold medals, four World titles and eleven European championship. Čáslavská and Soviet Larisa Latynina, they are only two female gymnasts, who win the all-around gold medal at two consecutive Olympics. In years 1964 - 1968 she wasn’t never lose out in big competition in multicontest. Life. She was born in Prague. She did ballet and figure skating when she was small. In 2015 she met Eva Bosáková and with her they started to do gymnastics. Shortly after the 1968 Olympics, Čáslavská was married with runner Josef Odložil. He was a silver medalist at the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo. They had ceremony at the Mexico City Cathedral. In 1969 was born her daughter Radka and in 1974 son Martin. The couple divorced in 1987. She became a president Václav Havel’s counselor for social issues and sport in January 1990 and since 1991 she worked as his assistant. In next ten years she was alone and she don’t associate with anyone.  Čáslavská lived in a nursing home. She was treated with depression in mental home in Bohnice and added addiction on pharmaceuticals. Fortunately in 2007 she came back with great enthusiasm and she began helping Czech athletes. But in summer 2015 she was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, which next year has worsened. In her final days she was taken to a hospital in Prague on 30 August, where she died at the age of 74. Her funeral took place in the narrow family circle on 8 September in 2016 and her remains were cremated at the crematorium Šumperk. Filmography. Věra 68 - it’s a feature movie, overhead Olga Sommerová. Interest. After Věra Čáslavská is named asteroid (26986) Čáslavská (improvised name 1997 VC5). Brachistochrone curve A Brachistochrone curve is the fastest path for a ball to roll between two points that are at different heights. A ball can roll along the curve faster than a straight line between the points. The curve will always be the quickest route regardless of how strong gravity is or how heavy the object is. However, it might not be the quickest if there is friction. The curve can be found using calculus of variations and optimal control. Heliodor Píka General Heliodor Píka (July 3, 1897 Štítina – June 21, 1949 Plzeň ) was a Czechoslovakian army officer. He is also well known as representative of Czechoslovakian anti-Nazi resistance and a victim of communism. Early life. Heliodor Píka was born on July 3,1897 in Štítina near Opava. His father was Ignác Píka, who was a wheelwright. In 1915 he graduated from the Gymnasium in Opava. Originally, he wanted to study Pharmacy. In 1916 he was sent to the Galician front. On July 28, 1916, he was captured by Russian units in Berestechko. Later he joined Czechoslovakian legion. Czechoslovak Army. In 1917 he was sent to the Western front in France. In Le Havre he went through intensive military training. He fought there until 1919. In 1920 he graduated from École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr. He became a teacher at the Military academy in Hranice. In the 1930s, Píka acted as a military attaché to Romania and Turkey. In 1941 he cooperated with Czechoslovakian units in USSR. They were supported by Czechoslovakian government in exile. He also attended the ceremonial signing of the Czechoslovak-Soviet treaty. In 1943 he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general. After the war, he was promoted to major general and served as Deputy Chief of Staff. Execution. At the time of the February coup, General Píka was ill. In March 1948, he had to stay at the military hospital in Prague. While he was recovering, General Reicin ordered him to be arrested and interrogated. He was falsely accused of spying and of High treason. In January 26 to 28, 1948 he was tried and sentenced to death. The execution took place in the prison in Plzeň on June 21, 1948. Rehabilitation. Thanks to Milan Píka, who was Píkas son, his case was reviewed. A military court proved that there is no single piece of evidence, which would convict him. On December 13, 1968 he was cleared of all charges and fully rehabilitated. Dermot Gallagher Dermot Anthony Gallagher (1944 – 15 January 2017) was an Irish civil servant. He served as the Secretary General of the Department of Foreign Affairs. He left office as Secretary-General on 24 January 2009 and was replaced by David Cooney, former Ambassador to the United Kingdom. He was known for serving as Ireland's ambassador to the United States and for helping establishing peace with Northern Ireland. Early life. Gallagher was born in Carrick-on-Shannon, Leitrim. He studied and taught at the University College Dublin. His diplomatic career began in 1969. Career. During his diplomat career, Gallagher worked in London, New York City at the United Nations Headquarters, in Brussels and in San Francisco, California. He was made "deputy chief of the cabinet" at the European Commission. In 1971, he married his wife, Maeve Farrell. He was appointed Ambassador to the United States in 1991 where he developed a wide range of friendships and contacts. One of these was Bill Clinton, then governor of Arkansas. During his time as ambassador, he helped secure a U.S. visa for Sinn Féin leader Gerry Adams. After his posting in Washington D.C., he returned home in 1997 with the title of Second Secretary General. Along with Bertie Ahern, Gallagher wanted to establish peace with Northern Ireland. Later career. In February 2009 he was nominated to be Chairman of the Garda Síochána Ombudsman Commission and was appointed Chairman of University College Dublin Governing Authority. Death. Gallagher died on 15 January 2017 in Dublin, aged 72. On his death, President of Ireland, Michael D. Higgins, said: "Mr Gallagher dedicated a lifetime to public service, serving with distinction as ambassador to the United States and making a significant contribution to the peace process in Northern Ireland. Han Peixin Han Peixin () (October 1921 – January 15, 2017) was a People's Republic of China politician. He was born in Xiangshui County, Jiangsu. Career. He was Communist Party of China Committee Secretary and governor of his home province of Jiangsu. He first served as governor for a year from 1982 through 1983 and later secretary from 1983 through 1989. He was a delegate to the 5th National People's Congress (1978–1983), 6th National People's Congress (1983–1988) and 7th National People's Congress (1988–1993). Death. Peixin died in Jiangsu, China on January 15, 2017 from cardiac arrest at the age of 95. Jiří Navrátil Jiří Navrátil (10 September 1923 – 16 January 2017) was a Czech scout leader and anti-communist activist. He served as the President of Junák, the Czech Scout and Guide association. Early life. Navrátil was born in Germany. In 1937. he became a Scout in Prague. Prison years. He was arrested and held several months by the Gestapo during World War II. In 1949, he tried to oppose the Communist takeover of Czechoslovakia with other Scouts. He was sentenced to 20 years in prison, and was released in 1960. Career. During the Prague Spring in 1968, Navrátil was one of the refounders of Junák, the Czech Scout movement. The movement was suppressed again in 1970. Following the Velvet Revolution in 1989, he became one of the main Leaders of the third restoration of Junák. He was one of the important people of the 1999 10th European Conference of Guiding and Scouting in Prague, in which President Václav Havel gave the opening speech. Awards. In 2002, Navrátil was awarded the 292nd "Bronze Wolf", the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting. Death. Navrátil died on 16 January 2017 in Prague at the age of 93. Eugene Cernan Eugene Andrew "Gene" Cernan (; March 14, 1934 – January 16, 2017), (CAPT, USN, Ret.), was an American naval officer and Naval Aviator, electrical engineer, aeronautical engineer, fighter pilot, and NASA astronaut. Cernan was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was raised in Bellwood, Illinois and in Maywood, Illinois. He studied at Purdue University and at the Naval Postgraduate School. He traveled into space three times: as Pilot of Gemini 9A in June 1966, as Lunar Module Pilot of Apollo 10 in May 1969, and as Commander of Apollo 17 in December 1972, the final Apollo lunar landing. On Apollo 17, Cernan became the eleventh person to walk on the Moon and the most recent man to walk on the Moon since he was the last to re-enter the Lunar Module "Challenger" after the mission's third and final mission. Cernan was also a backup crew member for the Gemini 12, Apollo 7 and Apollo 14 space missions. Cernan died on January 16, 2017 at a hospital in Houston, Texas, aged 82. Jan Jánský Jan Jánský (30 March 1873 in Prague,Czech Republic - 8 September 1921 in Černošice) was a neurologist and psychiatrist. He was the first to divide human blood into the four types (A, B, AB, 0) of the AB0 blood group system. His discovery saved millions of lives. His life. He studied medicine at Charles University in Prague. From 1899 he worked in a psychiatric clinic. He became a professor at Charles University and a doctor of medicine. World war I. He served as a doctor for 2 years on the front lines. After suffering a heart attack in 1916, he was dismissed from the army. After that he was in charge of the department of Neurology and Forensic Psychiatry at the Central Military Hospital in Prague. He suffered from angina pectoris. Jánský died of Coronary artery disease. Points of Interest. Jánský was a promoter of blood donations. Donators of Czech Republic or Slovakia receive a medal. In 1953 he was the subject of a movie directed by Martin Frič. Emil Zátopek Emil Zátopek (19 September 1922 - 22 November 2000) was a Czechoslovak runner from town Kopřivnice. He is mostly known for winning 3 gold medals at the 1952 Summer Olympic games in Helsinki. He won in 5,000 metres, 10,000 metres runs and in marathon. He never ran a marathon before. But he decided at the last minute to start with others. He set former record with time 2:23:03,2. Personal life. Zátopek was born in Kopřivnice. He finished Industrial high school in Zlin. He studied at the Military Academy in Prague. His wife was Dana, also an olympic athlete. They were married in 1948. In Helsinki she competed in jevelin. She won a gold medal at the same day as Zátopek. His olympic rivals (friends) called him "Czech Locomotive". In 1997 he was called the best Czech athlete of 20th century. Then in 1999, he was declared the best Olympian in Czech history. Altogether he won six Olympic medals, five European Championship and he broke the records for 18 times. His life credo was: "Are you running out of breath? Go faster!" Career. His Career began at an elementary school in Zlin. There he ran at school events with good results. He accepted an invitation to train with Zlin´s athletes. He mostly trained by himself with his own running system. He ran sections with multiple repetitions. In 1943 he tried his first 5,000 metres run and the year after that he set his first record at 2,000 metres track. His most successful event were Summer Olympic games in 1952 where he won 3 gold medals. After that he went through an operation for a hernia. Zátopek´s athlete career ended in 1958 then he worked as a minister (Christianity). John W. Young Captain John Watts Young (September 24, 1930 – January 5, 2018) was an American astronaut, naval officer and aviator, test pilot, and aeronautical engineer. He became the ninth person to walk on the Moon as Commander of the Apollo 16 mission in 1972. Young was on the first orbital Space Shuttle mission, STS-1, in April 1981. He was the only person to have piloted, and been commander of, four different classes of spacecraft: Gemini, the Apollo Command/Service Module, the Apollo Lunar Module, and the Space Shuttle. Young was born in San Francisco, California. He studied at the Georgia Institute of Technology where he was a member of the Sigma Chi Fraternity. In 1956, Young married Barbara White. They divorced in 1972. They had two children. Young died of complications from pneumonia in Houston, Texas on January 5, 2018 at the age of 87. Len Deighton Leonard Cyril Deighton (; born 18 February 1929), known as Len Deighton, is a British author. He is thought to be one of the top three spy novelists of his time (along with Ian Fleming and John le Carré). He is a well known military historian, cookery writer, and graphic artist. His first book, "The IPCRESS File", was an instant bestseller. The Sunday Times called him "the poet of the spy story". Deighton was born in the London inner-city of Marylebone. He studied at St Marylebone Grammar School, at Saint Martin's School of Art and at the Royal College of Art. He is married to Ysabele Deighton. Sergei Makarov Sergei Mikhailovich Makarov (; born 19 June 1958 in Chelyabinsk, Soviet Union) is a Russian former ice hockey right wing. He was a two-time Olympic gold medalist. He was voted one of six players to the International Ice Hockey Federation's (IIHF) Centennial All-Star Team. This was in a poll conducted by a group of 56 experts from 16 countries. Aswat Aswat (Arabic: أصوات) is a Palestinian group for lesbian rights. Rauda Morcos is the co-founder. Aswat means "voices" in the Arabic language. The group started in 2001. History. Aswat started as a forum for discussion on the internet. The first group for LGBT Palestinians was the international Jerusalem Open House. Palestinians started to meet there in 2001. After the Oslo Accords in 1993, many Palestinian groups were part of Israeli groups. But later, in the 2000s, many groups decided to be independent. In 2002, "Aswat: Palestinian Gay Women" started as an independent project with Kayan, a Palestinian feminist group in Haifa. In March 2007, the group had its first conference in Haifa. The meeting had 350 people. The Islamic Movement protested outside the meeting with 30 people. The group publishes Arabic literature about homosexuality. They published five newsletters in Arabic about gays and lesbians, and they published an Arabic glossary of terms of sexual orientation. They also published a book called "Home and Exile in Queer Experience". Kaliningrad Time Kaliningrad Time (UZ1) is a time zone in western Russia that applies to the city of Kaliningrad. It is 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time () since October 2014. Originally, under president Dmitry Medvedev's law in 2011, Kaliningrad Time was hours, the same time as the Further-eastern European Time and Eastern European Summer Time in the summer. Russia does not currently observe daylight saving time (DST). Hans Berliner Hans Jack Berliner (January 27, 1929 – January 13, 2017) was a German-born American computer scientist and chess player. He was born in Berlin and of Jewish descent. He was Professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, was a former World Correspondence Chess Champion, from 1965–68. He was a Grandmaster of Correspondence Chess and an International Master for over-the-board chess. He directed the construction of the chess computer HiTech, and was also a published chess writer. Berliner died on January 13, 2017 in Riviera Beach, Florida at the age of 87. David Poythress David B. Poythress (October 24, 1943 – January 15, 2017) was an American politician and military commander. He was born in Bibb County, Georgia. He has served terms as Secretary of State and Commissioner of Labor of the state of Georgia. Poythress also served as the Adjutant General of the Georgia National Guard from 1999 until 2007, initially appointed by Governor Roy Barnes and reappointed by Governor Sonny Perdue. He retired as a Lieutenant General. Pothyress died on January 15, 2017 in Cartersville, Georgia at the age of 73. M. M. Ruhul Amin M. M. Ruhul Amin (23 December 1942 – 17 January 2017) was a Bangladeshi politician and judge. He served as the Chief Justice of Bangladesh from 1 June 2008 to 22 December 2009. He studied at the University of Dhaka. He was born in Lakshmipur District. Amin died after an illness on 17 January 2017 in Bukit Merah, Singapore. He was 74. Great Comet of 1811 The Great Comet of 1811 (C/1811 F1) was a comet visible to the naked eye for about 260 days. This was a record until the appearance of Comet Hale–Bopp in 1997. In October 1811, at its brightest, it displayed an apparent magnitude of 0, with an easily visible tail. Dion, Pieria Dion was an Ancient Greek city in Pieria, Greece. It is now a village. Chrysaor Chrysaor was the brother of the winged-horse Pegasus. Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams (shortened to "CD&V") is a Flemish political party in Belgium. It belongs to the political ideology of the Christian democrats. Colo (gorilla) Colo (December 22, 1956 – January 17, 2017) was an American Western gorilla. She was known as the first gorilla to be born in captivity anywhere in the world and as the oldest known gorilla in the world. Colo was born at the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium near Powell, Ohio. Colo's name came from the place of her birth, Columbus, Ohio. Tomatoes were her favorite food. Colo died in her sleep on January 17, 2017 at the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium, aged 60. Killing of Harambe Harambe was a gorilla at the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden. On May 28, 2016, a three-year-old boy climbed into a gorilla enclosure at the zoo and was grabbed and dragged by Harambe, a 17-year-old Western lowland gorilla. Fearing for the boy's life, a zoo worker shot and killed Harambe. It was recorded on video and was shown on news services around the world. There was a lot of argument about the decision to kill Harambe. A number of primatologists and conservationists said that the zoo had no other choice under the circumstances, and that they did the right thing. Lots of internet memes were made, and the director encouraged people to stop. The boy's mother also became the target of harassment on the internet and social media. On June 6, 2016, the Ohio prosecutor said that the mother would not face any charges of wrongdoing. The zoo was being investigated by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), which sets the standards for zoos, and the USDA. Experts Jack Hanna and Jane Goodall defended the zoo's actions in killing Harambe. American Pharoah American Pharoah (born 2011; foaled February 2, 2012) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse. He won the American Triple Crown and the Breeders' Cup Classic in 2015. In winning all four races, he became the first horse to win the "Grand Slam" of American horse racing. He won the 2015 Eclipse Award for Horse of the Year and 2015 Champion three-year-old. He was bred and owned throughout his racing career by Ahmed Zayat of Zayat Stables, trained by Bob Baffert, and ridden in most of his races by Victor Espinoza. He now stands at stud at Ashford Stud in Kentucky. His sire was Pioneerof the Nile and his dam was Littleprincessemma. Rockabye "Rockabye" is a house and pop song from the electronic dance group Clean Bandit. The song also has Jamaican singer Sean Paul and British singer Anne-Marie. The song is about how hard it is to be a single mother. The song refers to the nursery rhyme "Rock-a-bye Baby." On 28 October 2016, the song entered the UK Singles Chart at #7. The following week, it went to #3. In its third week, it reached #1. In the United Kingdom, the song became their second #1, after "Rather Be" in 2014. The song also topped charts in Australia, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Denmark, Austria, Belgium, Italy, Sweden, Finland, and New Zealand. In the United States, "Rockabye" began at #100 on "Billboard" Hot 100 during the week of 24 December. It was Clean Bandit's first entry on the chart since "Rather Be" with Jess Glynne. The song reached number nine on the US Hot 100, becoming their second US top-ten hit after "Rather Be". Scottish Government The Scottish Government is the national, devolved government of Scotland. It has power over many aspects of government in Scotland, from providing health care, to justice, through to education. Donald Trump Jr. Donald John "Don" Trump Jr. (born December 31, 1977) is an American businessman and former reality TV personality. He is the oldest child of real estate developer and President of the United States, Donald Trump, and his first wife, Czech model Ivana Trump. He works alongside his brother Eric as a trustee of The Trump Organization. A longtime company Executive VP, in his trustee role he and his brother ran the company during his father's presidency. He wrote two books: "Triggered" in 2019 and "Liberal Privilege" in 2020. On February 12, 2018, Donald Trump Jr's wife Vanessa opened mail with white powder in it, so she was rushed to hospital as a precaution. Eric Trump Eric Frederick Trump (born January 6, 1984) is an American businessman, former reality TV personality and philanthropist. He is the third child and second son of the former President of the United States, Donald Trump, and Ivana Trump. Alongside his older brother Don Jr., he serves as a trustee of The Trump Organization. Trump and his brother took over the company during their father's presidency. In 2006, he founded the Eric Trump Foundation, which raises money for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. Tiffany Trump Tiffany Ariana Trump Boulos (born October 13, 1993) is an American socialite, television personality, and research assistant at Georgetown University. She is the fourth child of former President Donald Trump and his second wife, Marla Maples. Tiffany Ariana Trump was born on October 13, 1993, at St. Mary's Medical Center in West Palm Beach, Florida, to Donald Trump and Marla Maples. She has three older half-siblings, Donald Trump Jr., Eric Trump, Ivanka Trump and a younger half brother named from Barron Trump. She attended schools and universities such as, Viewpoint School, University of Pennsylvania and Georgetown University. Trump has remained with Georgetown Law after graduating in 2020, and is currently a research assistant for professor Shon Hopwood. In 2015, she worked as an intern for Vogue, and, in 2016, modeled for an Andrew Warren fashion show during New York Fashion Week. Fred Trump Frederick Christ "Fred" Trump (October 11, 1905 – June 25, 1999) was an American real estate developer and philanthropist. He is the father of Donald Trump, a businessman who was elected President of the United States in November 2016. He also had a daughter Maryanne, who became an attorney and was appointed as a judge to the United States Court of Appeals. Trump's development company built and managed single-family houses in Queens, barracks and garden apartments for U.S. Navy personnel near major shipyards along the East Coast, and more than 27,000 apartments in New York City. Trump was born in The Bronx, New York. He married Mary Anne MacLeod in 1936. Their marriage would last until Trump's death in 1999. Trump died in New Hyde Park, New York from pneumonia complicated by Alzheimer's disease, aged 93. Maryanne Trump Barry Maryanne Trump Barry (formerly Desmond; born April 5, 1937) is an American attorney and a senior judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit after being appointed by President Bill Clinton. She served as judge from 1999 until her retirement in 2011. She is the older sister of Donald Trump, the 45th President of the United States. Barry was born in New York City. She studied at Mount Holyoke College and at Columbia University. She later went to Hofstra University to earn her J.D.. From 1960 until their divorce in 1980, she was married to David Desmond. In 1982, she married John Barry. John died in 2000. Barry had one son, David. William A. Hilliard William A. Hilliard (May 28, 1927 – January 16, 2017) was an American journalist. He was editor of "The Oregonian", the major daily newspaper in Portland, Oregon, from 1987 to 1994 and was that newspaper's first African-American editor. He was also president of the American Society of Newspaper Editors in 1993–94. Early life. Hilliard was born in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at Benson Polytechnic High School, at Portland State University, at University of Oregon and at Pacific University. Career. Hilliard worked at "The Oregonian" from 1952 to 1994, starting as a copy boy, and then rising to clerk, sports reporter, religion and general assignment reporter, and in 1965 assistant city editor. In 1971, he became city editor, and in 1982 was named executive editor. Hilliard served as president of the American Society of Newspaper Editors (ASNE) in 1993–94. He remained editor of "The Oregonian" until retiring in 1994, although during the last year of his tenure with the paper he gave his designated successor, executive editor Sandra M. Rowe, effective control of the editor's duties and focused his attention on ASNE duties. In 1998, Hilliard was given the Oregon Newspaper Hall of Fame Award by the Oregon Newspaper Publishers Association. Death. Hilliard died on January 16, 2017 in Portland, Oregon at the age of 89. Oscar López Rivera Oscar López Rivera (born January 6, 1943) is a Puerto Rican nationalist. He was one of the leaders of the FALN. Imprisonment. In 1981, López Rivera was convicted and sentenced to 55 years in federal prison for conspiracy, use of force to commit robbery, interstate transportation of firearms, and conspiracy to transport explosives with intent to destroy government property. In 1988 he was sentenced to an additional 15 years in prison for conspiring to escape from the Leavenworth federal prison. López Rivera was among the 14 convicted FALN members offered conditional clemency by U.S. President Bill Clinton in 1999, but rejected the offer. The imprisonment of López Rivera was opposed or supported by individuals and groups representing political, religious, and other constituencies. Some called him a terrorist, but others said he was a political prisoner. Several U.S. Congressmen supported Oscar López Rivera's release from prison such as Senators Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren. Commutation. On January 17, 2017, President Barack Obama lowered López Rivera's sentence and was released from prison on May 17, 2017. At the time, he was the longest-incarcerated member of the FALN. Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Christopher Columbus "Chris" Kraft Jr. (February 28, 1924 – July 22, 2019) was an American NASA engineer and manager. He was important in the creation of the agency's Mission Control operation. Early life. Kraft Jr. was born in Phoebus, Virginia. He studied at the Virginia Tech and graduated in 1944. Career. Kraft was hired by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), the organization before the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). He worked for over ten years in aeronautical research before being asked in 1958 to join the Space Task Group, a small team entrusted with the responsibility of putting America's first man in space. He was given the job to the flight operations division, Kraft became NASA's first flight director. He was on duty during such historic missions as America's first manned spaceflight, first manned orbital flight, and first spacewalk. He retired in April 1982. In 2011, the Mission Control Center building was named after him. Personal life. In 1950, Kraft married Betty Anne Turnbull. They had two children. He was an Episcopalian. Kraft died on July 22, 2019 in Houston, Texas, aged 95, two days after the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 moonwalks. Peter Jones (Australian politician) Peter Vernon Jones (28 January 1933 – 16 January 2017) was an Australian politician. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1974 to 1986 from the seat of Narrogin. He was the Deputy Leader of the National Country Party in Western Australia. He was later a member of the Liberal Party. Jones was born in Launceston, Tasmania. He married Margaret Antonia Maslin in 1960. They had three children. Jones died on 16 January 2017 in Perth, Western Australia. He was 83. Ronald Buxton Ronald Carlile Buxton (20 August 1923 – 10 January 2017) was a British politician and civil engineer. He was a member of the Conservative Party. He served as a Member of Parliament for Leyton from 1965 to 1966. Buxton was born in Norfolk. He married Phyllida in 1959. They had four children. Buxton died on 10 January 2017 at the age of 93. Nigel Spearing Nigel John Spearing (8 October 1930 – 8 January 2017) was a British politician. He was a member of the Labour Party. He served as a Member of Parliament for South Newham from 1974 to 1997. Before this, he served as a Member of Parliament for Acton from 1970 to 1974. He was born in Hammersmith, London. Spearing died from Alzheimer's disease on 8 January 2017. He was 86. Les Lazarowitz Leslie "Les" Lazarowitz (October 2, 1941 – January 6, 2017) was an American sound engineer. He was active between 1971 and 1999. He was nominated for two Academy Awards in the Best Sound category. He was best known for movies including "Taxi Driver" (1976), "Raging Bull" (1980), "Tootsie" (1982), "Carlito's Way" (1993) and "Groundhog Day" (1993). Lazarowitz died from cancer on January 6, 2017 in Florida. He was 75. Claude Lebey Claude Lebey (born Claude Jolly; 20 November 1923 – 10 January 2017) was a French food critic and writer. He was known for writing the food book "Guide Lebey". He also wrote for the news magazines "Paris Match" and "L'Express". He co-presented a show on TF1 between 1974 and 1981. Lebey died on 10 January 2017 in Provence at the age of 93. Steve Wright (bassist) Steve Wright ( – January 16, 2017) was an American bass guitarist. He played with The Greg Kihn Band. He was from El Cerrito, California. Wright died from a heart attack on January 16, 2017 in Sacramento, California. Sergei Aman Sergei Amanovich Khummedov (, born 12 February 1957), better known by the pen name Sergei Aman (), is a Russian writer and journalist. Sergei Aman was born in former Soviet Union in Turkmenia. He graduated the Moscow State University in 1985. In 1995 Sergei Aman became a journalist of the daily "Moskovskij Komsomolets". Also he worked in "Vechernyaya Moskva", "Stupeni", "The New Medical Gazette", magazine "Auto M". The most famous book of Sergei Aman is "Journalists" (novel). He published this novel in 2013. Also he wrote the love story "Nights after" in the book “On the Edge of Magellanic Clouds”. In 2018 Sergei Aman published the novel "Everything Will Be Okay, We're All Going to Die!" Sergei Aman lives in Moscow. His hobby is sport fishing from a boat. Brenda C. Barnes Brenda C. Barnes ( – January 17, 2017) was an American businesswoman. She served as the chief executive officer of Sara Lee from 2005 to 2010. She was also the first female CEO of PepsiCo from 1996 to 1997. Barnes died from a stroke on January 17, 2017 in Naperville of Chicago, Illinois. She was 63. Her three children outlived her. Yaron Ben-Dov Yaron Ben-Dov (11 January 1970 – 6 January 2017) was an Israeli footballer. He played for Ironi Rishon LeZion, Maccabi Netanya and Hapoel Tel Aviv. He was born in Netanya. Ben-Dov died after an illness on 6 January 2017 at the age of 46. Srirangam Srirangam is an island in the Kaveri River. It is a part of the city of Tiruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu, India. It is a famous place because it is one of the 108 Divya Desams, or holy places, according to Hinduism. Srirangam is border by the Kaveri River and its tributary Kollidam River. Srirangam can be considered the largest functioning Hindu temple in the world, as it covers an area of about 631000 m2 with a perimeter of 4km (10,710 ft). There are many other famous temples near Srirangam. They include Rockfort Temple, Samayapuram Mariamman Temple, and Vayalur Murugan Temple. Ion Besoiu Ion Besoiu (11 March 1931 – 18 January 2017) was a Romanian actor. He played the lead role in the television series "Toate pînzele sus". He appeared in movies when Romania was under a Communist one-party state rule. Those movies include "Thirst" (1961), "Michael the Brave" (1970), "The Actor and the Savages" (1975), "Mihail, câine de circ" (1979), "The Last Assault" (1985). His later roles included "Loverboy" (2011) and "Bucharest Non Stop" (2015). He was born in Sibiu. Besoiu died on 18 January 2017 in Bucharest at the age of 85. Gustav Frištenský Gustav Frištenský (18 May 1879 – 6 April 1957) was a Czech strongman and Greco-Roman wrestler. He competed in the first half of the 20th century. During his career, he competed in almost 10,000 fights. His first fight was when he was just 19 years old and the last one was when he was 72. Frištenský was a legend among Czech strongmen. Life. Gustav Frištenský was born in Kamhajek (now part of the village of Křečhoř). He had 3 brothers and 2 sisters. When he was child, he was small so nobody thought he could become famous sportsman. As teenager he started to lift weights and wrestle. He was learning to be a blacksmith but after suffering serious burns on his hand by a horseshoe, he left his craft. Frištenský went to Brno and he became a butcher in the butchery of Moritz Soffer. He trained in the gymnasium of the Hellas sports club. Soon, he left his job in butchery and started to focus on wrestling. In 1900, Frištenský participated in an international competition in Prague. There he won in weightlifting, wrestling and the discus throw. In 1901 he became the Moravia champion in wrestling and discus throw. In 1902, he became the Austria-Hungary champion. The following year he was the European champion. Professional career. But Frištenský was still an amateur. After these achievements, he became a professional. He worked for the Kludský circus. Frištenský traveled around the world including the United States. Finally, he returned to his homeland. Frištenský married Miroslava Ellederová in Litovel. In 1917, he stayed in Litovel permanently. He and his wife built a house next to the Morava River. Frištenský traveled to the US again and wrestled in New York in front of an audience of 30,000. In 1921, Frištenský became the Czechoslovakia champion. In 1929, he became a professional European champion. During World War II, Frištenský joined the resistance movement. Soon, afterwards he became a prisoner of war and his wife had to bribe a Nazi prison commander to free him. After the war, in 1945, Frištenský left the Sport world and lived in Litovel. In 1947, he became a widower. In 1956, Frištenský received a title "Merited Master of Sports". He died on 6 April 1957. Dzemijetul Hajrije Dzemijetul Hajrije is the oldest Muslim organization in the United States. It is a benevolent society started in 1906 to help Muslim immigrants from Bosnia. History. In the late 1800s, many young men came from Bosnia to Chicago to work in construction. They built roads, buildings, and tunnels for the Chicago commuter train system. Many Bosnians worked on the tunnels for Arif Dilich’s Paschen Construction Company, a large company in Chicago. The Dzemijetul Hajrije was like a family to the many young single men. It had religious services and special activities for Eid and other holidays. It helped pay for medical expenses and funerals. Many Muslims also lived in Gary, Indiana and worked in the steel mills. Another group of Bosnian Muslims went to work in the copper mines in Butte, Montana. Dzemijetul Hajrije started chapters in Gary, Indiana in 1913, Wilpen, Pennyslvania in 1915, and Butte, Montana in 1916. They did not have a mosque, but they met in coffeehouses. In 1956 the last Bosnian coffeehouse closed. After World War II more Bosnians immigrated to Chicago. Many were well-educated, but they had to take jobs as taxi cab drivers, factory workers, and janitors. In the early 1950s, they asked Sheik Kamil Avdich, a religious scholar, to be their first imam. They started the Muslim Religious and Cultural Home. In 1957, they opened a mosque on Halsted Street. In 1968, they changed their name to the Bosnian American Cultural Association. In the 1970s they bought land in Northbrook for a larger mosque, the Islamic Cultural Center of Greater Chicago. Nagham Nawzat Hasan Nagham Nawzat Hasan (Arabic: نغم نوزات حسن ) or Nagham Nawzat is a doctor from Iraq. In 2015 she received the International Women of Courage Award. Nagham Nawzat Hasan is a Kurdish Yazidi gynecologist. She works with Yazidi girls who were kidnapped by the Islamic State (ISIS). After the city of Sinjar fell in 2014, ISIL killed many Yezidi men and enslaved many Yezidi women. Hasan rescued many Yezidi girls. She gave psychological and medical help. She visits Yezidi people in refugee camps to encourage girls to visit her clinic. She started a program against sexual abuse called "I am Yezidi – I am against harassment." Sinjar Sinjar is a city in the north of Iraq. It is in Shingal District, Nineveh Province, near Mount Shingal. Many Yezidi people live in this city. In 2014, it was the site of the Sinjar massacre. Takobeya labour Takobeya labour (, Romanization of Japanese: tako-beya rōdō) was a Japanese form of work. It was a harsh system started in Hokkaido during the Meiji period. It replaced in Hokkaido. The workers slept in accommodation huts at construction sites. The concentration huts were called "Takobeya". Takobeya workers engaged in takobeya labour without enough meals. They were oppressed as labor camps. Some also died from overwork. In 1946, the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in occupied Japan banned takobeya labour. In Japanese, "Tako" often means octopus. But Takobeya (Tako room) doesn’t necessarily mean octopus room. About Takobeya's "Tako", the original meanings is not clear. Latifa Ibn Ziaten Latifa Ibn Ziaten (Arabic: لطيفة بن زياتن) is an activist from France. She started the Imad Association for Youth and Peace for interfaith understanding. In 2016, she received an International Women of Courage Award. Latifa ibn Ziaten was born in Morocco. She is Muslim. When she was a teenager, she moved to France. In 2012, Latifa's son, Imad, died in a terrorist attack. Imad was a French soldier. Latifa went to the neighborhood of her son's killer in Toulouse. She talked to the boys in the neighborhood. The boys told her the killer was a hero of Islam. When she told them her son was killed, they apologized. Then Latifa decided to start an organization to help the young people. She tells young people to learn about Islam from their parents, not from the internet. Latifa receives threats and has a bodyguard. Peter Abrahams Peter Henry Abrahams Deras (3 March 1919 – 18 January 2017), better known as Peter Abrahams, was a South African-born Jamaican novelist, journalist and political commentator. He was best known for his novels "Mine Boy" (1946), "A Wreath for Udomo" (1956), "A Night of Their Own" (1965), "This Island Now" (1966) and "The View from Coyaba" (1985). He also wrote the memoir, "Tell Freedom" (1954). Abrahams was born in Vrededorp, Johannesburg. His father was from Ethiopia and his mother was mixed race. He moved to Jamaica in 1956. Abrahams was found dead on 18 January 2017 in Rock Hall, Saint Andrew Parish. He was 97. Yosl Bergner Yosl Bergner (‎; 13 October 1920 – 18 January 2017) was an Israeli painter. He was best known for his art which had people with long pale faces, pointed chins and huge dark, soulful eyes. This was said to show joy and sadness of being Jewish. He was awarded the Israel Prize in 1980. Bergner was born in Vienna, Austria. He grew up in Warsaw, Poland. He lived in Melbourne, Australia from 1937 until 1948, when he moved to Israel. Bergner died on 18 January 2017 in Tel Aviv at the age of 96. Charles "Bobo" Shaw Charles Wesley "Bobo" Shaw (September 15, 1947 – January 16, 2017) was an American jazz drummer. He worked in the free jazz genre. He was best known as a member of the Human Arts Ensemble and Black Artists Group. He was born in Pope, Mississippi. Shaw died on January 16, 2017 in St. Louis, Missouri. He was 69. Rachael Heyhoe Flint, Baroness Heyhoe Flint Rachael Heyhoe Flint, Baroness Heyhoe Flint (11 June 1939 – 18 January 2017) was an English female cricketer, businesswoman and philanthropist. She was born in Wolverhampton, England. Flint was best known for being captain of England from 1966 to 1978, and was unbeaten in six Test series, while in total she played for the English women's cricket team from 1960 to 1982. She was captain when England won the inaugural Women's Cricket World Cup, held in England in 1973. She was also the first women cricketer ever to hit a six in a test match. Flint's death was announced by Lord's on 18 January 2017 at the age of 77. Kingston Parish, Jamaica Kingston is a parish in Jamaica. It is in the county of Surrey. The parish capital is Kingston. Saint Andrew Parish, Jamaica Saint Andrew is a parish in Jamaica. It is in the county of Surrey. The parish capital is Half Way Tree. Portland Parish, Jamaica Portland is a parish in Jamaica. It is in the county of Surrey. The parish capital is Port Antonio. Saint Thomas Parish, Jamaica Saint Thomas is a parish in Jamaica. It is in the county of Surrey. The parish capital is Morant Bay. Clarendon Parish, Jamaica Clarendon is a parish in Jamaica. It is in the county of Middlesex. The parish capital is May Pen. Manchester Parish, Jamaica Manchester is a parish in Jamaica. It is in the county of Middlesex. The parish capital is Mandeville. Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica Saint Ann is a parish in Jamaica. It is in the county of Middlesex. The parish capital is Saint Ann's Bay. Saint Catherine Parish, Jamaica Saint Catherine is a parish in Jamaica. It is in the county of Middlesex. The parish capital is Spanish Town. Saint Mary Parish, Jamaica Saint Mary is a parish in Jamaica. It is in the county of Middlesex. The parish capital is Port Maria. Saint Elizabeth Parish, Jamaica Saint Elizabeth is a parish in Jamaica. It is in the county of Cornwall. The parish capital is Black River. Saint James Parish, Jamaica Saint James is a parish in Jamaica. It is in the county of Cornwall. The parish capital is Montego Bay. Hanover Parish, Jamaica Hanover is a parish in Jamaica. It is in the county of Cornwall. The parish capital is Lucea. Trelawny Parish, Jamaica Trelawny is a parish in Jamaica. It is in the county of Cornwall. The parish capital is Falmouth. Westmoreland Parish, Jamaica Westmoreland is a parish in Jamaica. It is in the county of Cornwall. The parish capital is Savanna-la-Mar. Willow Shields Willow Shields (born June 1, 2000) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Primrose Everdeen in all four of "The Hunger Games" movies (2012–2015). She was also a dancer on "Dancing with the Stars" in 2015. At the age of 14, she was the youngest to ever compete on the show. Shields was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico. She has a twin sister and an older brother, both of whom are actors. New Medical Gazette New Medical Gazette (NMG) () is a Russian newspaper published in Moscow. "New Medical Gazette (NMG)" was established in 1992 in Moscow by a group of journalists (, Andrei Gusev and others; some of them had medical education and practical experience in health care). The Russian newspaper "NMG" registered with the Ministry of press and information of the Russian Federation in December 18, 1992. The first number of "NMG" was released on May 18, 1993. Since 1993 Andrei Gusev (, born 27 October 1952 in Moscow) serves as "NMG’"s editor-in-chief. "NMG" came out in format A3 and A4. Since 1999 "NMG" has web-based publications. The paper specialises in topical medical materials and medical news. Famous journalists and writers work in "NMG’" editorial staff: Sergei Aman, , Andrei Gusev, Sergei Sokurov, etc. However, the newspaper authors write not only on medical topics. "NMG" has literary pages created in conjunction with public fund "Union of writers of Moscow”. Andrei Gusev Andrei Gusev (, born 27 October 1952) is a Russian writer and journalist. Early life. Andrei Gusev was born in former Soviet Union, in Moscow. His father Evgeny Gusev and mother Rosalind Maltseva were engineers. His father was born in Ukraine, his mother in Moscow. Andrei Gusev graduated the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute in 1975. He worked as a medical physicist more than ten years. Also he received a medical education. He is the author of 10 inventions, 23 published scientific works. Career. In 1990 Andrei Gusev became a correspondent of the daily "Moskovskij Komsomolets". Later he worked as the special correspondent of the All-Russia "Rossiyskaya Gazeta" and an editor-in-chief deputy of the youth newspaper "Stupeni". Since 1993 Andrei Gusev serves as editor-in-chief of "The New Medical Gazette" (published in Russian). The first book of Andrei Gusev is "Presentation" (1993). Then he published "Mister Novelist" (1994), "With Chronos’ Permit" (1995), "The Russian Story" (1996) and also the story collection "On the Edge of Magellanic Clouds" (1998). He published his novels "The Painter & Eros" and "Role Plays" in 2003 and "The World According to Novikoff" in 2006. In his prose in 2010s Andrei Gusev developed the themes of BDSM subculture in Russia. Themes include female domination, bondage, erotic spanking and BDSM fiction. Personal life. Andrei Gusev lives in Moscow. He was married twice and divorced twice. The first wife – Nina Guseva (nee Odnoletko), worked as a nurse; the second wife – Ivetta Sarkisyan, philologist by education. He has two daughters. His hobby is beekeeping. William Margold William "Bill" Margold (October 2, 1943 – January 18, 2017) was an American pornographic actor and director. He was born in Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. He began his career in 1972. He continued to perform until 2007. He had more than 250 credits to his name as an actor and director. He was added to the AVN Hall of Fame. Margold died on January 18, 2017 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 73. Rodney Bennett Rodney Bennett (24 March 1935 – 3 January 2017) was a British television director. He directed ten "Doctor Who" episodes, including the stories, "The Ark in Space", "The Sontaran Experiment", (both 1975) and "The Masque of Mandragora" (1976). Bennet died on 3 January 2017 at the age of 81. Hisham Al-Otaibi Hisham Al-Otaibi (1946 – 4 January 2017) was a Kuwaiti politician. He served as the Minister of Finance and Industry from 1998 to 1999. He got a Bachelor of Science in engineering from the University of Oklahoma. Al-Otaibi died on 4 January 2017 at the age of 70. John Little (footballer) Robert John "Johnny" Little (7 July 1930 – 18 January 2017) was a Scottish footballer. He played as a defender. He played for Queen's Park, Rangers, Morton and the Scotland national team. Little was born in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. He moved to Scotland at a young age and grew up in Millport of Great Cumbrae. Little died on 18 January 2017 at the age of 86. Yaacov Zilberman Yaacov Zilberman (born May 26, 1954 in the Soviet Union) is an Israeli and former Soviet chess player. He became a grandmaster in 1998. Zilberman participated in the 30th Chess Olympiad at Manila in 1992. With Robert Hübner and Ivan Morovic he was first at the Capablanca Memorial, Elite at Havana in 1998. École nationale supérieure d'informatique pour l'industrie et l'entreprise École nationale supérieure d'informatique pour l'industrie et l'entreprise (National School of Computer Science for Industry and Business) is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the University of Paris-Saclay (Northern France, associate member). Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees : Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at ENSIIE. Most of the 500 graduate engineer students at ENSIIE live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports. Research labs. Research activities at École nationale supérieure d'informatique pour l'industrie et l'entreprise relate to the following topics: Eddie Filgate Edward "Eddie" Filgate (16 September 1915 – 19 January 2017) was an Irish politician. He was a member of Fianna Fáil. He served as Teachta Dála (TD) from 1977 to 1982 for the Louth constituency. He was born in County Louth. Filgate turned 100 in 2015. He died on 19 January 2017 at the age of 101. Robert Timlin Robert James Timlin (July 26, 1932 – January 17, 2017) was an American federal judge. He served as a Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California from 2005 to his death in 2017. Before this, he served as a judge for the court from 1994 to 2005. Timlin was born in Buffalo, New York. He was married to Caroline. They had two children. Timlin died on January 17, 2017 in Santa Barbara, California. He was 84. Daniel Vischer Daniel Vischer (16 January 1950 – 17 January 2017) was a Swiss politician for the Green Party. He was a member of the National Council from 2003 to 2015. Vischer was born in Basel. He was the son of jurist Frank Vischer (1923–2015). He was married and had two children. Vischer died from cancer on 17 January 2017, a day after his 67th birthday, in Zürich. Ludvík Svoboda Ludvík Svoboda  (25 November 1895 – 20 September 1979) was a czechoslovak legionaire in world war I and Commander of Czechoslovak army in Russia in World war II. Later he became a president (1968-1975) Early Life. Ludvík Svoboda was born in Hroznatín in Moravia in district Třebíč. He joined Austro-Hungaryan army when he was 20 in year 1915.They send to east to fight against Russia. He was captured and then he joined Czecholovak legion in Russia. He fought in battles like of Zborov and Bakhmach. When he came back he was hero and then his military carreer started in new Czechoslovak army in the year 1921. World War II. In early 1930' he taught in military academy in Prague. After the Munich betrayal in spring 1939 he was in underground organization named National Defence (Obrana národa). He started with cooperation with Soviet Union (SSSR). In start of June he moved to Poland and established a Czechoslovak legion, but when SSSR invade Poland from east, he was captured and senteced to die. His contacts in Moscow freed him.With connection to Moscow he started to free people from gulag and used them to his legion.He became a commander of Czechoslovak army on east. The first battle of his was in 1943 in battle of Sokolov in Ukraine. His position was leader of 1st Czechoslovak corpses. In this battle died a Czech hero captain Jaroš. Then he fight in battle of Dukla Pass. With trust from Klement Gottwald he became a general in year 1945 and was named a Hero of East front. Presidency. After the ending of the Antonín Novotný regime, in the period known as the Prague Spring, Svoboda was elected President of Czechoslovakia on 30 March 1968, on the recommendation of Alexander Dubček, the First Secretary. He was an acceptable candidate both for Czechs and Slovaks, and as a war hero and a victim of the purges of the early 1950s. People saw him as a new light of democracy and reform. But he was afraid of Soviet Union, because he saw all the crimes that they made. He was respects by nation, because he took war hostiges from gulags and save them. Until he sign paper of Warsaw pact that Czechoslovakia will do nothing against Russian invasion in the year 1969. He has no word in home and abroad politic. He was puppet of KSČ. He said he don't trust leadership of political party. He tried to meet important people of factories and normal people, but his political status lower and lower. He even tryied to help poor east Slovakia. When he was elected 2nd time he had a heart attack and must left his post. His succesor was G.Husák. Rest of his life. Rest of his life spend on wheelchair in his house in Prague with wife Irena. After his death in 1979 he had big national and military funeral. His funeral was not organized, but thousands of people came to show respect.He was bury on Žižkov with anthem of 1st Czechoslovak corpse ,Směrem k Praze" (Headed to the Prague). In 1995 he was removed and send to his family crypt in Kroměříž. Kendang Kendang or Gendang (, , Bugis: "Gendrang" and Makassar: "Gandrang" or "Ganrang" ) is a two-headed drum. It is used by people from the Indonesian Archipelago. Kendang is one of the first instruments used in the Gamelan ensembles of Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese, the Kendang ensemble as well as various Kulintang ensembles in Indonesia. It is made in many ways by different ethnic groups. Accompaniments. Sundanese. In Sundanese Gamelan, a minimum set consists of three drums. Many types of Sundanese Kendang are distinguished according to their function in accompaniment : Each type of drums in Sundanese music has a difference in size, pattern, variety, and motif. Javanese. In Gamelan Surakarta, four sizes of kendhang are used: Balinese. In , there are two : Makassarese. (Makassarese s) can be divided to three types: Buginese. Among the Bugis ' there are two types of playing techniques based on the position of the . if the is placed on the player's lap it is called '. If the players are standing with the s tied with a shoulder strap it is called , this position are usually used for sacred ceremony, or for entertainment like beating of rice mortars or . There are generally three types of beats pattern in playing: Vasco Núñez de Balboa Vasco Núñez de Balboa (1475–1519) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador. He was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean. Balboa was one of those who established the settlement at Darién in what is now Panama. He was elected mayor, then governor. In 1513, he claimed the Pacific Ocean and all of its shores for Spain. He was searching for gold at the time. In Darién, he had been replaced by a new governor, Pedro Arias Dávila. On orders from Spain, Dávila was to investigate Balboa. On Balboa's return to Darién in 1519, Dávila had him placed on trial, then executed for treason. Eldar Kuliev Eldar Kaisynovich Kuliev (December 31, 1951 – January 14, 2017) was a Soviet movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Frunze, in present day Kyrgyz Republic. He was a writer of original script for the TV miniseries "The Wounded Stones". Kuliev died at his home in Moscow, Russia on January 14, 2017, aged 65. Ciel Bergman Ciel Bergman, a.k.a. Cheryl Bowers (Cheryl Marie Olsen; September 11, 1938 – January 15, 2017) was an American painter of Swedish origin. Her work, was called post-modern, and had a focus on the environment as well as feminine consciousness. She was born in Berkeley, California. Babette Cole Babette Cole (10 September 1950 – 15 January 2017) was an English children's writer and illustrator. She was born on Jersey in the Channel Islands. She was known for her works in "Drop Dead", "Princess Smartypants" and "Prince Cinders". As a children's writer, Cole created more than 150 picture books. Her best-seller "Doctor Dog" has been adapted as a successful children's cartoon series. Cole died from a short-illness on 15 January 2017 in Devon, England, aged 66. Steven Plaut Steven Plaut (1951 – January 17, 2017) was an American-born Israeli economist, academic and writer. He was an associate professor of Business Administration at Haifa University as well as a member of the editorial board of the "Middle East Quarterly". Plaut was an outspoken critic of the Israeli-Arab peace process and Israel's unilateral withdrawal policy. He taught at Oberlin College, the Technion, UC Berkeley, UC Irvine, Central European University, Tel Aviv University, University of Nantes, and Athens Laboratory for Business Administration. Plaut died in Haifa, Israel on January 17, 2017 from complications of kidney cancer at the age of 65. Jalal Allakhverdiyev Jalal Eyvaz oglu Allakhverdiyev (; September 17, 1929 – January 19, 2017) was an Azerbaijani mathematician. He was a member of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (now the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences) (1972). He was born in Baku, Azerbaijan. Allakhverdiyev was a Azerbaijan State Prize laureate of the Azerbaijan SSR (1982). He was director of the Institute of Cybernetics of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan SSR since 1970. Allakhverdiyev died in Baku on January 19, 2017, aged 87. Teori Zavascki Teori Albino Zavascki (August 15, 1948 – January 19, 2017) was a Brazilian justice of the Supreme Court of Brazil serving since November 29, 2012. At the time of his death, he was the justice in charge of the trials resulting from Operation Car Wash. He was born in Faxinal dos Guedes, Brazil. From 2003 through 2012, Zavascki served as Minister of Superior Court of Justice. Zavascki was killed in a plane crash near Paraty, Brazil on January 19, 2017, aged 68. Loalwa Braz Loalwa Braz Vieira (Loalva Braz, 3 June 1953 – 19 January 2017) was a Brazilian singer and songwriter. She was born in Rio de Janeiro. Braz was better known as providing the lead vocals for the French-Brazilian pop group Kaoma in their worldwide hit "Lambada". Braz, aged 63, was found dead in a burned car near a highway in Rio de Janiero on 19 January 2017. According to police, two men were seen leaving her house earlier that day. Police say Braz was murdered. Miguel Ferrer Miguel José Ferrer (February 7, 1955 – January 19, 2017) was an American actor. He was mostly known for villainous roles such as Bob Morton in "RoboCop". He also voiced Delgado in "Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2", the villain Hun leader Shan Yu in "Mulan" (1998) and Big Boss in "Rio 2". Ferrer's other notable roles include Dr. Garret Macy on "Crossing Jordan", NCIS Assistant Director Owen Granger on "", Vice President Rodriguez in "Iron Man 3", and FBI forensic pathologist Albert Rosenfield in "Twin Peaks". Personal life. Ferrer was born in Santa Monica, California to Academy Award-winning actor José Ferrer and singer Rosemary Clooney. His first cousin is actor George Clooney. He never went to college because he began his Hollywood career at an early age. His career began in 1981. He was married to actress Leilani Sarelle from 1991 until they divorced in 2003. In 2005, he married Lori Weintraub. They had three children. Ferrer died on January 19, 2017 from throat cancer at his home in Los Angeles, California, aged 61. José Ferrer José Vicente Ferrer de Otero y Cintrón (January 8, 1912 – January 26, 1992), known as José Ferrer, was a Puerto Rican actor, theatre and movie director. He was the first Puerto Rican actor, as well as the first Hispanic actor, to win an Academy Award (in 1950 for "Cyrano de Bergerac"). He was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Ferrer was married to Rosemary Clooney, aunt of George Clooney, from 1954 through 1961 and again from 1964 through 1967. They had a son, actor Miguel Ferrer. In 1985 he received the National Medal of Arts from President Ronald Reagan, becoming the first actor to receive that honor. Ferrer died of colorectal cancer in Coral Gables, Florida on January 26, 1992, aged 80. Mike Kellie Michael "Mike" Alexander Kellie (24 March 1947 – 18 January 2017) was an English multi-instrumentalist, and record producer. In a career spanning more than 40 years, Kellie has been a member of the rock bands the V.I.P.s, Spooky Tooth and the Only Ones. He also played with Traffic, on one song "Rainmaker" on the "The Low Spark of High Heeled Boys" album in 1971. Wayne Barrett Wayne Barrett (July 11, 1945 – January 19, 2017) was an American journalist. He was an investigative reporter and senior editor for the "Village Voice" for over 20 years. Barrett worked with the Nation Institute and contributor to "Newsweek". He held degrees from St. Joseph's University and the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, where he served on the adjunct faculty for over thirty years. Barrett wrote many articles and books about politicians, especially New York City figures such as Ed Koch, Donald Trump, and Rudy Giuliani. Barrett died in Manhattan from lung cancer on January 19, 2017, aged 71. Shaimaa Sabbagh Shaimaa Sabbagh, Arabic: شيماء الصباغ , (1984 – January 24, 2015) was an Egyptian poet and activist. She died at Tahrir Square during a demonstration to remember the anniversary of the Arab Spring. Sabbagh was a leading member of the Socialist Popular Alliance Party. She became a symbol against Egypt's military. A photograph of Sabbagh's death got international attention. The Egyptian photographer was Islam Osama. He worked for the Egyptian newspaper Youm El Sabea. His photo received the Shawkan Photo Award in 2015. The man in the picture who tried to help Sabbagh was Sayyid Abu el-Ela. He was a friend who was also at the demonstration. A police officer was convicted of killing her. In 2015, the conviction was reversed. Red Adams Charles Dwight "Red" Adams (October 7, 1921 – January 18, 2017) was an American professional baseball player, scout and pitching coach. He played as a pitcher. He was best known for playing for the Los Angeles Angels and later being a scout for the Los Angeles Dodgers. He also played for the Chicago Cubs of the Major League Baseball (MLB) in 1946. He was born in Parlier, California. Adams died on January 18, 2017 in Fresno, California at the age of 95. Samayapuram Mariamman Temple Samayapuram Mariamman Temple is a Hindu Temple. It is in Samayapuram, a suburb of Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu. The main deity of the temple is Mariamman. Mariamman is also known as "Samayapura Mariamman". The main deity is made of clay and sand like traditional Mariamman deities. Followers believe that the Mariamman has enormous powers. These powers can cure any kind of disease or illness.They offer Mavilakku, a dish made up of jaggery, ghee and rice flour. Samayapuram Mariamman Temple is the second wealthiest temple in Tamil Nadu after Palani Murugan temple. More than a thousand devotees visit Samayapuram on Sundays, Tuesdays and Fridays. These are holy days for Mariamman. Alanganallur Alanganallur is a panchayat town in the district of Madurai in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. This town is the headquarters of Alanganallur taluk and Alanganallur revenue block. The total population of this town is 11,075. Alanganallur town is famous for the Jallikattu ceremony conducted throughout the four days of Pongal festival. Agriculture is the main occupation in the town. The district headquarters Madurai city is 16 km away from this town. Alagar kovil is also near by, within 18 km. Nearby places which attracts tourist are : The Thadakai Amman falls, Kodaikanal, Vaigai dam, Kumbakarai falls and Kutladampatti. There is a small dam named Sathiyar near Palamedu. Akhilesh Yadav Akhilesh Yadav (; born 1 July 1973), popularly known as Tonti Chor, is an Indian politician and the President of the Samajwadi Party. He is the 20th Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. He became the Chief Minister on 15 March 2012 at the age of 38. He thus became the youngest Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. Yadav was born in the village of Saifai, Etawah District, Uttar Pradesh on 1 July 1973. He was born to Mulayam Singh Yadav and Malti Devi. Mulayam Singh Yadav is a politician, founder of Samajwadi Party and the former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. Yadav first was elected to the 16th Lok Sabha from the Kannauj constituency in the year 2000. On 10 March 2012, he was appointed as the leader of Samajwadi Party in Uttar Pradesh. He became the youngest Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh in 15 March 2012. Abdul Kalam Island Abdul Kalam Island, formerly known as Wheeler Island, is an island off the coast of Odisha, India, approximately from the state capital Bhubaneshwar. The Integrated Test Range missile testing facility is located on the island. The island was originally named after English commandant Lieutenant Wheeler. On 4 September 2015, the island was renamed to honour the late Indian president, Abdul kalam.Abdul Kalam Island is located in the Bay of Bengal approximately off the eastern coast of India and about south of Chandipur in Balasore district, Odisha. The island is about in length and in area. Pulicat Lake Pulicat Lake is India's second largest brackish water lake after the Chilika Lake in Odisha. It straddles in the coast area of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu states with over 96% of it in Andhra Pradesh and 3% in Tamil Nadu situated on the Coromandel Coast in South India. The lake encompasses the Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary. The barrier island of Sriharikota separates the lake from the Bay of Bengal and is home to the Satish Dhawan Space Centre. The fishing village of Pulicat is at the south end of the lake, from which the lake got its name. The Satish Dhawan Space Center is located on the north end of the island. Primogeniture Primogeniture is the system of inheritance by the firstborn, usually the eldest son. In feudal England and other legal systems, the legitimate first-born son gets the first right to inherit property. His claim is stronger than all daughters, younger sons and even elder illegitimate sons. The rule is that the eldest will always have the first claim. If there is no son, each of the daughters inherit an equal share of the estate. If there are no children, the property is often inherited by the eldest brother. Among siblings, sons inherit before daughters and so on. Primogeniture is Latin for "first born". Journalists (novel) Journalists () is a thriller novel by Russian writer Sergei Aman, published in 2013. Plot. The book covers the time period from the eighties of the last century and to the tenth years of the present century. The novel begins with a bomb eruption at a newspaper “Moskovskij Bogomolets” (Moscow Believer). In result a famous Moscow journalist was killed. The main character of the novel is a journalist Sergei Ogloedov from this newspaper. The newspaper is very similar to the famous “Moskovskij Komsomolets”. All fifteen parts of the novel devoted to newspaper journalists. Each of them has a real prototype, which are current and former employees of the Editorial staff of "Moskovskij Komsomolets" — Dmitry Kholodov, Andrei Lapik, Vadim Poegli, Andrey Yahontov, Peter Spectr, Andrei Gusev, Natalya Zhuravleva, Elena Vasiluhina and others, including the Chief Editor . They all connected with the main character — Sergey Ogloedov, in which the author described himself. The novel describes real events. Journalists are saints and sinners in these events. Jimmy Cliff Jimmy Cliff (born James Chambers; 30 July 1944) is a Jamaican ska and reggae musician, singer and actor. He is best known for his songs "Wonderful World, Beautiful People", "Many Rivers to Cross", "You Can Get It If You Really Want", "The Harder They Come", "Reggae Night" and "Hakuna Matata". He is also well known for his covers of Cat Stevens' "Wild World" and Johnny Nash's "I Can See Clearly Now" from the movie "Cool Runnings" (1993). He also appeared in the movies "The Harder They Come" (1972) and "Club Paradise" (1986). Cliff was born in Somerton District, Saint James. He was a Christian before becoming a Muslim. He is no longer religious. He is married has a daughter Lilty Cliff and a son Aken Cliff. Padma River Padma River is a major river in Bangladesh. It is the main distributary of the Ganges, flowing generally southeast for to its confluence with the Meghna River near the Bay of Bengal. The city of Rajshahi is on the banks of the river. The Padma River enters Bangladesh from India near a place named Chapai Nababganj and meets the Jamuna River near a place Aricha and gets its name Padma again, but finally meets with the Meghna near Chandpur and adopts the name "Meghna" before flowing into the Bay of Bengal. It is the "National river of Bangladesh". Molecular machine A molecular machine, or nanomachine, is any set of molecules which produce mechanical movements (output) in response to specific stimuli (input). The term is common in nanotechnology where a number of complex molecular machines have been proposed which might be a way of making a "molecular assembler". Molecular machines can be divided into two broad categories: synthetic and biological. The 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Fraser Stoddart and Ben Feringa for the design and synthesis of molecular machines. Biological nanomachines. The most complex molecular machines are made of proteins, and found in cells. These include 'motor proteins'. Examples are: myosin, (which does muscle contraction), kinesin (which moves molecules from the nucleus along microtubules), and dynein (which produces the beating of motile cilia and flagella). These proteins are far more complex than any molecular machines that have yet been made by mankind. Probably the most significant biological machine known is the ribosome. Other important examples include motile cilia: "In effect, the [motile cilium] is a nanomachine [of] over 600 proteins in molecular complexes, many of which also function independently as nanomachines". Trent Robinson Trent Robinson (born 15 March 1977) is an Australian professional rugby league coach. He is the coach of the Sydney Roosters of the National Rugby League (NRL). In 2013, his first year with the club, the Roosters won a premiership. He also coached the French side Catalans Dragons. He played for the Wests Tigers and the Parramatta Eels in the early 2000s. National parks of Fiji This is a list of national parks of Fiji. On the island of Viti Levu: On the island of Taveuni: On the island of Ovalau: Hans Breukhoven Johannes Arie "Hans" Breukhoven (31 October 1946 – 20 January 2017) was a Dutch businessman. He was the founder and president of Free Record Shop. He founded the retail store in 1971. Free Record Shop had hundreds of stores in the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. He was born in Rotterdam, South Holland. Breukhoven died from pancreatic cancer on 20 January 2017 in London, United Kingdom. He was 70. Château Frontenac The Château Frontenac is a hotel in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. It is operated as Fairmont Le Château Frontenac. Château Frontenac sits at an elevation of . It was made a National Historic Site of Canada in 1980. Western Region (Iceland) The Western Region (Icelandic: "Vesturland") is a region in the west of Iceland. The population of the region was 15,300 (2007). The biggest town in the region is Akranes. However, the capital town is Borgarnes. Öfnerspitze The Öfnerspitze is a rocky mountain in the Allgäu Alps. It is high. It is southeast of the Krottenspitze, and joined to it by a flat piece of rock. It is made of Dolomite. There are no marked paths to the Öfnerspitze, and it is rarely climbed. It was first climbed in 1854 by a survey team. Les Demoiselles d'Avignon Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon) was a 1907 cubist painting by Picasso. It represents five women in a brothel. It took him nine months to paint it. Picasso gave up all attempts at traditional painting in this early cubist painting. He distorted the female figures in a way that showed the influence of African art. When the painting was shown in his studio to a group of painters and critics, they were outraged. Henri Matisse called it a hoax and an attempt to paint the fourth dimension, The art critic André Salmon wrote: "It was the ugliness of the faces that froze with horror the half-converted". Another painter, André Derain, wrote: "One day we shall find Pablo has hanged himself behind his great canvas". It has been called one of the most significant paintings of the 20th century. The two figures on the right are shown with African mask-like features, an interest of Picasso at the time. James S. Vlasto Dimitrius Solon "James" Vlasto (June 11, 1934 – January 17, 2017) was an American editor, political public relations consultant and public servant. He served in federal, New York state and city senior government positions. He was born in New York City. He served as a Public Relations Representative. Vlasto joined the "Atlantis" in 1956 after his service in the United States Army. In March 1966, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr. hired Vlasto to do PR for his campaign for Governor of New York on the Liberal Party ticket in 1966 against the incumbent Republican Nelson A. Rockefeller. Vlasto was also New York state public relations advisor for Senator George McGovern in the United States presidential election in New York, 1972, a member of the finance committee for presidential candidate Michael Dukakis in the United States presidential election in New York, 1988 and New York State public relations advisor for Morris Udall’s run for Democratic nomination for President in 1976. Vlasto worked as press secretary for former Bronx Borough President Herman Badillo during his run for mayor. Vlasto died of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in New York City on January 17, 2017, aged 82. Jan Kruis Jan Kruis (; 8 June 1933 – 19 January 2017) was a Dutch comics artist. He was most well known for the strip "Jack, Jacky and the Juniors". He was born in Rotterdam, Netherlands. In 1996, he was given the Order of the Netherlands Lion. Kruis died on 19 January 2017 at his home in Mantinge, Netherlands, aged 83. Ger van Mourik Ger van Mourik (4 August 1931 – 19 January 2017) was a Dutch footballer who played as a rightback. van Mourik played his entire career for hometown club Ajax, making his debut on 3 June 1950 against Enschedese Boys. He was Ajax' captain for eight years and played 277 matches for the club, scoring 1 goal. Van Mourik managed DWV from 1974 until 1982, leading the club to the Dutch amateur title in 1977. He also coached SV Marken. Edwin Pope John Edwin Pope (April 11, 1928 – January 19, 2017) was an American journalist. Biography. He was known for his sportswriting at the "Miami Herald", where his work appeared from 1956 until his death in 2017. He covered Super Bowl I through Super Bowl XLVII. Some called him as "the best writer of sports in America." Pope's success with his 1954 book "Football's Greatest Coaches", allowed him to leave the Atlanta area and move down to Miami, where he accepted a job at the Miami Herald in 1956. While he retired as the Herald sports editor in 2003, he contributed columns to the newspaper until 2016, when he wrote his last piece eulogizing boxer and former Miami resident Muhammad Ali. Klaus Huhn Klaus Huhn (24 February 1928 – 20 January 2017) was a German sports journalist, writer and sports administrator. Huhn worked for the East German mass-market daily newspaper, "Neues Deutschland", and was chairman of the Sports Journalists Sub-Association within that country's important Union of Journalists. He was born in Berlin. Huhn died on 20 January 2017 in Berlin, aged 88. Harry J. Middleton Harry Joseph Middleton, Jr. (October 24, 1921 – January 20, 2017) was an American journalist, author, and library director. He served as Lyndon B. Johnson's Presidential speech writer and staff assistant from 1967 to 1969. In 1970, Johnson named him the director of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum (LBJ Library) on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin. He retired in 2002. Middleton also served as Executive Director of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Foundation from 1993 until 2004. Middleton was born in Centerville, Texas. He studied at Washburn University and at Louisiana State University. Middleton died at his home in Austin, Texas on January 20, 2017, aged 95. JYP Entertainment JYP Entertainment (stylised as JYP 엔터테인먼트 in Korean) is a South Korean entertainment company located in Seoul. It was founded in 2014 by South Korean singer-songwriter Park Jinyoung. This company acts as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management and concert production company, and music publishing house. It is currently one of the largest entertainment companies in South Korea. JYP is known for having current artists such as Wonder Girls, 2AM, 2PM, Baek A-yeon, JJ Project, GOT7, Itzy, Bernard Park, DAY6, and Twice, Stray Kids, and former artists such as Park Ji-yoon, god, and Rain. Artists. All of the artists under JYP Entertainment are collectively known as JYP Nation, similarly to SM Town and YG Family. Musicians. Studio J. A subsidiary label attributed with the following artists: Trettachspitze The Trettachspitze is a mountain in the Allgäu Alps in Germany. It is made of Dolomite and is high. It is one of the best-known mountains in the Allgäu Alps. It is the only high rocky mountain in the Allgäu Alps that is completely in Germany. With the Mädelegabel () and the Hochfrottspitze () it forms the famous threesome of mountains on the main ridge of the Allgäu Alps. It is found north of the Mädelegabel. It was first climbed in 1855 by 3 brothers, Urban, Alois and Mathias Jochum. Wakinosaurus Wakinosaurus (meaning "Wakino lizard") is a dubious genus of theropod dinosaur. It is named from the find of "a single tooth".‭ ‬The genus is dubious (doubtful) because it is almost impossible to assign further fossil material to it. The find was made in Lower Cretaceous deposits in Fukuoka, Japan in 1990 by Masahiro Sato. The triangular-shaped tooth has fine serrations on its cutting edge, which is standard for a theropod dinosaur. Sixpence (British coin) The sixpence (6d; ), sometimes known as a tanner or half-shilling was a British coin. It was worth 6 pennies or new pence. It has not been produced since 1970. The coin was first minted in silver during the reign of Edward VI of England. From 1947 it was made from cupronickel. Following decimalisation, on 15 February 1971, the coin remained in circulation with a value of 2½ new pence. It was taken out of circulation in 1980. Survival mode Survival mode is a video game mode. In this mode a player must continue playing for as long as possible without dying. It must be done in one session with no interruptions. This is while the game becomes more difficult by adding waves of challenges. Noppenspitze The Noppenspitze is a rocky mountain in the Allgäu Alps. It is high and made of Dolomite. It is in the central part of the Hornbach chain. The Noppenspitze was first climbed on 16 August 1890 by Antony Spiehler and his guide, Johann Schiffer. The Noppenspitze is not climbed very much. According to the summit book in 2006, it was only being climbed about 5 - 15 times per year. Altusried Altusried is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. It is the location of the open-air theatre Freilichtspiele Altusried. Nemegtosaurus Nemegtosaurus is a genus of titanosaur sauropod dinosaur found in Mongolia. A possible synonym of "Nemegtosaurus" is "Opisthocoelicaudia". It was named after the place it was discovered, the Nemegt Basin. Bad Hindelang Bad Hindelang is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. From 2008 it has a population of 4,915. It is known for its sulphur springs and pure mountain air. Today the municipality is a health resort. It is above sea level. Oberstaufen Oberstaufen is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Schwaben, Bavaria, Germany. It is on the B 308 road from Lindau to Immenstadt. History. It is first mentioned as "Stoufun" in AD 868. It was originally part of Swabia. It joined Bavaria in 1805 with the Peace of Pressburg. Oberstaufen was the first town in Germany to be on Google Street View. This was because of a marketing campaign by the Oberstaufen tourist industry. Nomen dubium A nomen dubium is Latin for "doubtful name" (plural nomina dubia). It is a scientific name in zoology which is of unknown or doubtful use. With a "nomen dubium" it may be impossible to decide whether a specimen belongs to that group or not. This may happen if the original type specimen is lost or destroyed. The zoological and botanical codes allow for a new type specimen, or neotype, to be chosen in this case. A name may also be considered a "nomen dubium" if its name-bearing type is fragmentary or lacking important diagnostic features. This is often the case for species known only as fossils. To preserve stability of names, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature allows a new type specimen, or neotype, to be chosen for a "nomen dubium" in this case. It is one of a number of terms which are used in biological taxonomy. Wiggensbach Wiggensbach is a municipality in Bavaria. It is about west of Kempten, the next big town. Next door municipalities are Altusried in the north and Buchenberg in the south of the village. Wiggensbach is the main village. Ermengerst and Westenried are the two districts of Wiggensbach. There are 72 hamlets around the municipality. The village is between above sea level. Wiggensbach is twinned with Hattstatt in France. The 20th anniversary of the partnership was in 2003. Hochvogel The Hochvogel is a high mountain in the Allgäu Alps. The border between Germany and Austria runs over the summit. Climbers can ascend the summit on two marked routes. One of the most interesting climbs is by Hermann von Barth. He stayed overnight at the summit in 1869. On 14 December 1945 an American Flying Fortress crashed on the west of the Hochvogel. Shaft (movie) Shaft is a 1971 crime drama movie. It was directed by Gordon Parks. Plot. John Shaft, a private detective, is warned that some gangsters are looking for him. Police Lieutenant Vic Androzzi meets with Shaft. Androzzi unsuccessfully tries to get some information on the gangsters. When Androzzi leaves, Shaft sees one of the men waiting for him in his office building. He brings the first gangster into the office. The second gangster is waiting there. After a quick fight, Shaft avoids one of the gangsters, who goes out the window. The other gangster surrenders and tells Shaft that a man named Bumpy Jonas wanted a meeting between him and Shaft. Jonas is the leader of a Harlem-based organized crime family, Shaft meets with Bumpy. Shaft learns that Bumpy's daughter, Marcy Jonas, has been kidnapped. Bumpy asks Shaft to make sure that Marcy is returned safely. Shaft tracks down a man named Ben Buford. A big shootout takes place. After the shooting, Shaft is told by Vic that "he" (Shaft) was the target, and not Ben. But the view is black against white, according to the general public. Vic shows Shaft two pictures of the Mafia men who arrived in New York City. Shaft suspects that gangsters are watching his place from a local bar. He pretends being a bartender. He calls the police to have the gangsters arrested. He later goes to the police station and sets up a meeting. The meeting is about where Bumpy's daughter is being held. Awards. The "Theme from "Shaft"" won an Academy Award for Best Original Song. The "Shaft" soundtrack album won a Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album. It also won a Grammy for Best Original Score, and two other awards Reception. The movie was one of only three profitable movies in 1971 for MGM. "Shaft" was very successful. It helped pull a then-struggling MGM out of danger of bankruptcy. The critics reviews on the movie were mixed. Roger Ebert gave the movie 2½ stars. Rotten Tomatoes rated this movie at 89%. Themes. "Shaft" spawned several years of 'blaxploitation' crime movies. Arrondissements of the Cantal department There are 3 arrondissements in the Cantal department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes. The arrondissements of Cantal are: History. Since its creation, the Cantal department has had few changes: Gordon Parks Gordon Roger Alexander Buchanan Parks (November 30, 1912 – March 7, 2006) was an American photographer, musician, writer and movie director. He was the first African-American to produce and direct major movies. He was best remembered for his iconic photos of poor Americans during the 1940s. He created the blaxploitation genre. He was the director of the movie "Shaft" in 1971. Parks was born in Fort Scott, Kansas. He died due to cancer in Manhattan, New York. Parks was 93. Ahmed Gailani Sayyid Ahmed Gailani (‎; 1932 – 20 January 2017) was an Afghan Islamic leader and politician. He was the leader (Pir) of the Qadiriyya Sufi order in Afghanistah. He was also the founder of the National Islamic Front of Afghanistan. The party was tied with the Mujahideen who led the war against the Soviet Union in the 1980s. He also founded the High Peace Council in 2001. He was born in Surkh-Rōd District, Nangarhar Province. Gailani died after an illness on 20 January 2017 in Kabul. He was 84. Charles Liteky Charles James "Charlie" Liteky (February 14, 1931 – January 20, 2017), formerly known as Angelo Liteky, was an American peace activist. He received the religious name Angelo as a member of a Catholic religious community of priests and Brothers, the Missionary Servants of the Most Holy Trinity. He studied theology at their major seminary, located near Winchester, Virginia. He was ordained a priest in May, 1960. He served as a United States Army chaplain in the Vietnam War and was awarded the Medal of Honor, the U.S. highest military honor. He got the honor for carrying 20 wounded soldiers to safety during a 1967 battle while getting fired at by enemy soldiers. He was a Roman Catholic priest from 1960 until 1975. In 1986, he became the first person to give back the Medal of Honor. Liteky was born in Washington, D.C. and joined the Army from Brooklyn, New York. He married Judy Balch in 1983. Liteky died on January 20, 2017 in San Francisco, California. He was 85. Philip Bond (actor) Philip G. W. Bond (1 November 1934 – 17 January 2017) was a British actor. He was best known for playing Albert Frazer in 24 episodes of the 1970s BBC drama "The Onedin Line". He also appeared in the series "The Saint" (1963), "Doctor Who" (1964), "The Hound of the Baskervilles" (1968), "The Avengers" (1969), "Z-Cars" (1969–75), "Only Fools and Horses" (1985), "Casualty" (2007), and "Midsomer Murders" (2007). His movie roles include "Count Five and Die" (1957), "Orders to Kill" (1958), "Foxhole in Cairo" (1960), "I Want What I Want" (1972) and "Fever Pitch" (1997). Bond was born in Burton-on-Trent, Staffordshire. He was married to Pat Sandys until their divorce. They had three children, including Samantha (born 1961). Bond died on 17 January 2017 in Madeira, Portugal. He was 82. Balderschwang Balderschwang is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. It is home to the Balderschwang Yew, which may be the oldest tree in Germany. It has a population of 219. With an average of 2,450 liters per square meter per year, Balderschwang is the place with the most rainfall in Germany.  Diana Thorneycroft Diana Thorneycroft is a Canadian photographer and artist. She was born in 1956 in Claresholm, Alberta, Canada. She works in Winnipeg. Her work has been exhibited both nationally and internationally. Some of these include the Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and the Canadian Cultural Centre in Paris. Her work has received numerous awards. Thorneycroft was awarded the 2016 Manitoba Arts Award of Distinction. Opisthocoelicaudia Opisthocoelicaudia is a genus of titanosaur sauropod dinosaur. It is from Late Cretaceous rocks from Mongolia's Nemegt Basin. In 1965 a well preserved skeleton was found, missing only a neck and head. Possible synonymy with "Nemegtosaurus". Scientists are arguing whether "Nemegtosaurus" is a synonym of "Opisthocoelicaudia" or its own genus, or vice versa. Betzigau Betzigau is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. It was first mentioned in 1238 as "Bezzingowe". From 1988 to 2008 Betzigau grew by 440 people. Since 1 May 1996 the mayor has been Roland Helfrich. Acorn squash Acorn squash ("Cucurbita pepo" var. turbinata), also called pepper squash or Des Moines squash, is a winter squash with distinctive longitudinal ridges on its exterior and sweet, yellow-orange flesh inside. It is a special kind of pumpkin. The plant originally grew in the southern United States and Mexico, but it has been cultivated worldwide. Blaichach Blaichach is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. It is in the northeast of the municipality the Iller flows through Blaichach. Blaichach was first mentioned as "Bilaicha" in 1275. Between 1988 and 2008 Blaichach grew by 599 people. Obermaiselstein Obermaiselstein is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in the German state of Bavaria. About 60% of the land in the municipality is used for forestry or alpine sports. Bolsterlang Bolsterlang is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. From 1988 to 2008 Bolsterlang grew by 178 inhabitants. On March 16, 2014, Monika Zeller was again elected Mayor of Bolsterlang. Arrondissement of Aurillac The arrondissement of Aurillac is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Cantal "département" in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Its capital, and préfecture of the department, is the city of Aurillac. History. When the "arrondissements" were created in 1800, Aurillac was one of them in the Cantal department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Aurillac is in the southwest of the department and has an area of , the second largest in area, and the most populated of the department with 82,347 inhabitants and a population density of inhabitants/km². The "arrondissement" is bordered to the north by the "arrondissement" of Mauriac, to the northeast by the "arrondissement" of Saint-Flour, to the east and south by the Aveyron department (Occitanie) and to the northwest by the Corrèze department (Nouvelle-Aquitaine). Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Aurillac, there is only one canton where not all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement", Naucelles. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Aurillac has 94 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes): The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Arrondissement of Mauriac The arrondissement of Mauriac is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Cantal "département" in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Its capital, and subpréfecture of the department, is the city of Mauriac. History. When the "arrondissements" were created in 1800, Mauriac was one of them in the Cantal department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Mauriac is in the northwest of the department and has an area of , the smallest and with fewest people living in it with 26,192 inhabitants and a population density of inhabitants/km². The "arrondissement" is bordered to the north and west by the Corrèze department (Nouvelle-Aquitaine), to the northeast by the Puy-de-Dôme department, to the east by the "arrondissement" of Saint-Flour and to the south by the "arrondissement" of Aurillac. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Mauriac, there is only two cantons where not all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement", Naucelles and Riom-ès-Montagnes. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Mauriac has 55 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes): The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Buchenberg Buchenberg is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. Between 1988 and 2008 Buchenberg grew by 412 people. Toni Barth has been mayor of Buchenberg since March 2004. He is currently in his third term of office as mayor. Arrondissement of Saint-Flour The arrondissement of Saint-Flour is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Cantal "département" in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Its capital, and subpréfecture of the department, is the city of Saint-Flour. History. When the "arrondissements" were created in 1800, Saint-Flour was one of them in the Cantal department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Saint-Flour is in the most eastern "arrondissement" of the department and has an area of , the largest in the department, and a population of 38,079 inhabitants with a population density of inhabitants/km². The "arrondissement" is bordered to the north by the Puy-de-Dôme department, to the east by the Haute-Loire department, to the southeast by the Lozère department (Occitanie), to the southeast by the Aveyron department (Occitanie) and to the west by the "arrondissements" of Aurillac and Mauriac. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Saint-Flour, there is only one canton where not all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement": the Riom-ès-Montagnes. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Saint-Flour has 106 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes): The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Burgberg im Allgäu Burgberg is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. Between 1988 and 2008 Burgberg grew by 488 inhabitants. Nurosaurus "Not to be confused with Naosaurus, a genus of pelycosaur." Nurosaurus is the informal name given to a genus of Sauropod dinosaur. It was from the Cretaceous period in Inner Mongolia, China. It was a herbivore or plant-eater. "Nurosaurus" grew to about long. The proposed binomial name is "Nurosaurus qaganensis" (Dong 1992). Stanley Park Stanley Park is a park in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The park opened on September 27, 1888. It was named after Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby, the Governor General of Canada at the time. It is the third largest urban park in North America. The park covers . It attracts about 8 million visitors every year. Stanley Park is larger than New York City's Central Park. In Stanley Park there is a large aquarium, a protected forest, the lost lagoon, totems and other attractions. Dietmannsried Dietmannsried is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. It is located south of Memmingem, and north of Kempten. From 1988 to 2008 Dietmannsried grew by 1729 people. Since 2014 the mayor has been Werner Andres. Durach Durach is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. The village came into international media attention in August 2008. A light aircraft hit power lines nearby. The pilot and passenger survived inside the plane dangling on power cables. They were rescued in front of cameras. Fischen Fischen im Allgäu is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. Fishcen is found north of Oberstdorf. It is on the banks of the river Iller. Lída Baarová Lída Baarova (born Ludmila Babková 7 September 1914 in Prague – 27 October 2000) was a Czech actress. She studied acting at Conservatory and received her first film role in "Pavel Čamrda's Career" ("Kariéra Pavla Čamrdy"), filming was forbidden for students, she made up pseudonym Lída Baarova after her father's friend J.Š.Baar at age 17. The film was successful, so she had to leave the conservatory. Her life. Lída was born in family of Karel Babka,an official of the Prague City Hall, his wife Ludmila Babková, opera singer and piano player, occasionally sang in the choir of National Theatre. They also had second daughter Zorka, who was actress as well.In 1934 Lída was chosen by the German UFA to act the lead role in, Barcarolle, . Film that made her huge star overnight. Media marked her as mistress of Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels. On the orders of Hitler himself, however, she had to leave, so she left Germany in 1939. She left to Italy, where before the war returned to Prague. At the end of the war fled to Germany but was interned by the US occupation authorities, was investigated by CIC and September 23, 1945 was handed over to Czechoslovakia. She was in terrogated and imprisoned in Munich for alleged collaboration. She spent 16 months in jail, but she was released on Christmas Eve 1946 after she was not found guilty. Lída married J.Kopecký and in 1948 fled do Austria together. In 1966 she was married again, with doctor Kurt Lundwalle and they lived together in Salzburg. He died in 1972 and till her death she lived alone. Baarova died in 2000 (she suffered from Parkinson's disease) and she's buried in Prague. , I was foolish, stupid, drunk with glory and against my will I was really badly tangled in history.`` she said about her life. Walter Benz Walter Benz (May 2, 1931 – January 13, 2017) was a German mathematician, an expert in geometry. Benz was born in Mainz, Germany. He studied at the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz. After a position at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, he served as a professor at the Universities of Bochum, Waterloo and Hamburg where he was professor emeritus. Benz was honoured with the degree of a Dr. h.c. Inner product spaces over the real numbers were the basis of a 2007 book by Benz: "Classical Geometries in Modern Contexts". Tibetan antelope Tibetan antelope, also known as Chiru is a medium sized antelope most closely related to wild goats and sheep of the subfamily Caprinae. Tibetan antelope are native to northwest India and Tibet. They live on the treeless Steppe above . They are an endangered species. They are a target for hunters for their fine underfur called chiru. It is used to make luxury shawls. It takes about four animals to make a single shawl. In order to collect the chiru, the animals must be killed. Because of this the Chiru are close to extinction. John Hanson Sir John Gilbert Hanson (16 November 1938 – 13 January 2017) was a senior British diplomat, senior executive, historian, and academic. He was born in Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire. Hanson was the Director-General of the British Council between 1992 and 1998. Hanson then became the Warden of Green College, University of Oxford from 1998 to 2006. Under his leadership, Green College merged with Templeton College in 2008 to become Green Templeton College, located at what was previously Green College. Hanson died in London on 13 January 2017 after a short illness, aged 78. Vahit Melih Halefoğlu Vahit Melih Halefoğlu (19 November 1919 – 20 January 2017) was a Turkish politician and diplomat. After the general elections held in 1983, Turgut Özal appointed him Minister of Foreign Affairs from outside of the parliament. In 1986, he was elected deputy of Ankara from the Motherland Party (ANAP). He did not stand for election in the 1987 general elections and ended his political career. Halefoğlu died on 20 January 2017 in Istanbul, aged 97. The Roches The Roches (Maggie, Terre, and Suzzy Roche) were a vocal group of three songwriting Irish-American sisters from Park Ridge, New Jersey. They were known for their "unusual" and "rich" harmonies, quirky lyrics, and casually comedic stage performances. The Roches were active as performers and recording artists from the mid-1970s through 2007, at various times performing as a trio and in pairs. Veljo Tormis Veljo Tormis (7 August 1930 in Kuusalu - 21 January 2017) was an Estonian composer. He was called as one of the greatest living choral composers and one of the most important composers of the 20th century in Estonia. Internationally, he is known from his extensive body of choral music, which passes 500 individual choral songs, most of it a cappella. The great majority of these pieces are based on traditional ancient Estonian folksongs ("regilaulud"), either textually, melodically, or merely stylistically. John Watkiss John Watkiss (28 July 1961 – 21 January 2017) was a British artist. He was known for his painting and his work in comics and movie production. His career led him from cover artist for graphic novels to storyboard artist and character designer. He was born in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire. Watkiss' comics illustration work includes DC Comics' "The Sandman" #39 (1992) and #53 (1993), "Sandman Mystery Theatre" #5–8 (1993), "Starman" #18 (1996), and all 13 issues of "Deadman". Watkiss died of cancer at the age of 55. Dan Caspi Dan Caspi (December 1, 1945 – January 22, 2017) was an Israeli lecturer, journalist and activist. He worked at the Communication Studies Department of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Beersheba, Israel. Career. Throughout his career, Caspi has combined research with public activity and lively commentary. He published hundreds of articles in the printed daily and online press, including regular columns in a Jerusalem local paper, in the Israel Publishers’ Association monthly "Otot" ("Signals")' in "Haayin Hashviit" ("The Seventh Eye", an online media journal)' the op-ed section of "ynet" (an online newspaper produced by Yedioth Ahronoth) and a blog for Ha'aretz. Death. Caspi died on January 22, 2017 in Israel, aged 72. İlhan Cavcav İlhan Cavcav (October 4, 1935 – January 22, 2017) was a Turkish businessman. He served as the chairman of Gençlerbirliği, a Football club in Turkey for almost 40 years until his death. He was born in Ankara. He was known for his hard negotiation tactics with the big clubs in Turkey and searching for abilities especially for discovering talent from Africa. Controversies. In November 2014 Cavcav announced that he would be fining bearded players, claiming that they were a bad influence for the youth. Cavcav said that he would fine players that kept their beards 25,000 Turkish Liras and also attacked UEFA for not banning beards in all of its completions. Death. Cavcav was taken to hospital after falling and hitting his head, which caused a brain hemorrhage. He was kept in intensive care unit. One day later, on January 22, 2017, he was pronounced dead. Chen Yu-mei Chen Yu-mei (; 22 July 1966 – 22 January 2017) was a politician in the Republic of China. She served as Deputy Minister of the Overseas Community Affairs Council of the Executive Yuan from 18 September 2013 to 8 August 2014. On 8 August 2014, Chen officially resigned to attend to other career plans. She was succeeded by Hsin Shih-chang, a professor from National Taiwan Normal University. Cristina Adela Foișor Cristina Adela Foișor (7 June 1967, Petroșani – 22 January 2017, Timișoara), née Badulescu, was a Romanian chess player, an Mnternational Master and Woman Grandmaster. She won the Women's Romanian Chess Championship five times. She had competed for the world championship several times, most recently the Women's World Chess Championship 2012 when she went out in the first round in an Armageddon game. In the season 2016/17 she played for Schachfreunde Deizisau in 2. Bundesliga Süd. Foisor died of complications from pneumonia after several days in a coma at County Hospital of Timișoara, Romania, aged 49. Andy Marte Andy Manuel Marte (October 21, 1983 – January 22, 2017) was a Dominican professional baseball third baseman. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Atlanta Braves, Cleveland Indians and Arizona Diamondbacks. He also played in the KBO League for the KT Wiz. He was born in Villa Tapia, Dominican Republic. Marte was killed in a car crash near San Francisco de Macorís, Dominican Republic on January 22, 2017, aged 33. József Torgyán József Torgyán (16 November 1932 − 22 January 2017) was a Hungarian lawyer and politician. He was chairman of the Independent Smallholders' Party. He served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development in the government of Viktor Orbán from 1998 through 2001. He was born in Mátészalka, Hungary. Torgyán in Budapest, Hungary on 22 January 2017 from heart failure, aged 84. Pete Overend Watts Peter Overend Watts (13 May 1947 – 22 January 2017) was an English bass guitarist. He was known for being the founding member and guitarist of 1970s rock band, Mott the Hoople. He was born in Birmingham, England. His book "The Man Who Hated Walking" was published in 2013. Watts died in Birmingham on 22 January 2017 from throat cancer at the age of 69. Yordano Ventura Yordano Ventura Hernández (; June 3, 1991 – January 22, 2017) was a Dominican professional baseball pitcher. He played for the Kansas City Royals of Major League Baseball (MLB) from 2013 through 2016. He was twice named to the All-Star Futures Game. He was born in Samaná, Dominican Republic. Ventura made his MLB debut on September 17, 2013. He was known as a power pitcher, his fastball was much valued by the Royals during his tenure with the team. In 2014, Ventura's 96.2 mph average fastball velocity (96.4 for two-seamers) ranked second-best among MLB starters. He helped the Royals win the 2015 World Series. On January 22, 2017, Ventura was killed in a car accident in the city of Juan Adrián, Dominican Republic, aged 25. Jaki Liebezeit Jaki Liebezeit (May 26, 1938 – January 22, 2017) was a German drummer. He was best known as a founding member of Can, who has been called "one of the few drummers to convincingly meld the funky and the cerebral". He also played the piano and saxophone. He was born in Dresden, Germany. Liebezeit died on January 22, 2017 in Cologne, Germany from pneumonia, aged 78. Park Ridge, New Jersey Park Ridge is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Park Ridge had a population of 8,645 as of the 2010 United States Census. The mayor of Park Ridge is Terence P. Maguire. The borough is a part of the Pascack Valley region of Bergen County. It is bounded by the boroughs of Montvale, River Vale, Woodcliff Lake and Hillsdale. The Hertz Corporation, a car rental company, had been headquartered in Park Ridge and was the borough's largest single taxpayer. Sony Corporation of America has an R&D and engineering facility in Park Ridge. Famous people were either born or raised here in Park Ridge: James Gandolfini, The Roches, and Pat Nixon. ELF/Filecoder.A ELF/Filecoder.A is a ransomware Trojan that infects Unix systems. There are different versions of the Trojan for several different flavors of Unix, including Linux, FreeBSD, and MacOS. Like other ransomware, it encrypts files on the system and demands payment for decryption. Incidents. The Trojan infected Linux servers using a flaw in the Magento eCommerce platform. Additionally, hackers broke into the hosting site for the Transmission BitTorrent client and infected version 2.90 for MacOS. Parliament of India The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. The Parliament is composed of the President of India and the houses. It is bicameral with two houses: the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People).The Rajya Sabha is also known as the Upper house and the Lok Sabha is known as the lower house.But this does not mean that Lok Sabha is less powerful than Rajya Sabha.In fact,the Lok Sabha is much more powerful than the Rajya Sabha. Hollywood Sign The Hollywood Sign (formerly the Hollywoodland Sign) is a landmark and American cultural icon located in Los Angeles, California. It is near on Mount Lee, in the Hollywood Hills area of the Santa Monica Mountains. The sign overlooks Hollywood, Los Angeles. "HOLLYWOOD" is spelled out in -tall white capital letters and is 350 feet (106.7 m) long. It was originally created in 1923 as an advertisement for a local real estate development, but it gained increasing recognition after the sign was left up. The sign was a frequent target of pranks and vandalism, but it has since undergone restoration, including the installation of a security system to deter vandalism. The sign is protected and promoted by The Trust For Public Land, a nonprofit organization, while its site and the surrounding land are part of Griffith Park. Jefferson Memorial The Jefferson Memorial is a presidential memorial in Washington, D.C.. It was dedicated to the 3rd President of the United States Thomas Jefferson. The neoclassical Memorial building on the Tidal Basin off the Washington Channel of the Potomac River was designed by the architect John Russell Pope. Construction began in December 1938. It was complete in 1939 with a ceremony attended by then-President Franklin D. Roosevelt. As a National Memorial it was administratively listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966. The World According to Novikoff The World According to Novikoff () is a thriller novel by Russian writer Andrei Gusev, published in 2006. Plot. The novel covers the time period from nineties of the last century to zero years of the present century. We can see a wide panorama of life in Russia. The life of an ordinary man in modern Russia describes in the novel. At the same time "The World According to Novikoff" is a thriller novel which focuses on a plot to use nuclear materials by Islamic terrorists in Moscow. The main character, Victor Novikoff is a painter. He works in “The New literary newspaper” in Moscow; later he works as an editor in the Russian Agency "Interteleks", which is easily guessed "Interfax". The last place of Victor Novikoff’ work is Trell publisher, which very similar to famous publishing Astrel, AST group from Moscow. He works here as a literary editor and he receives a manuscript in which the plot of Islamic terrorist acts describes. He must decide what to do with it. From him it depends largely: whether this manuscript will be accepted for publication as a literary story. Literary features. "The World According to Novikoff" is a novel with a non-linear storyline. The angle of view combines all four parts of this novel: two points of view — male and female — on the same vital conflict, moral problems, erotic transactions. From an other side this novel is a mixt of thriller and fantasy. At the cover of the book we can read: ""All the characters of this book, including famous politicians, are a figment of the imagination of the author. If you find some convergence with the Russian reality, then so much the worse for last"." “After reading the book "The World According to Novikoff" by Andrei Gusev, I'm quite certain that it simply must be done bedside book each President to know how not to do a history, how not to lead the country. Kudos to Herostratus, destroyed one of the seven wonders of the world — the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, this is not the kind of Fame, to which we should aspire”. — ' Because of political reasons this novel was removed from some Russian literary portals. Moshe Gershuni Moshe Gershuni (11 September 1936 – 22 January 2017) was an Israeli painter and sculptor. He was born in Tel Aviv. He was known for his paintings in the 1980s which recognised The Holocaust. In 2003, he was awarded the Israel Prize for his paintings. However, Gershuni wanted to get the award without going to the event. Because of this, his Israel Prize was not given to him. Gershuni died on 22 January 2017 in Tel Aviv at the age of 80. Special Administrative Region A Special Administrative Region (SAR) is a region in China that has a high level of autonomy, or a lot of power to rule itself. There are two SAR's in China, Hong Kong and Macau. Unlike other regions in mainland China, SAR's have a Basic Law, a constitution that is different from that of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Basic Law allows Hong Kong and Macau to have freedoms that are not in the rest of China, like freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the Press, freedom of assembly, and freedom to petition. Basic Law also allows the SAR's to decide the economic rules of their region, which is why the economies are a lot less controlled in Hong Kong and Macau than in mainland China, as well as giving them the freedom to choose who to let into their own regions without needing a visa. As a result, Hong Kong and Macau have their own currencies, passports, official languages, etc. This is commonly known as the "one country, two systems" policy. Chinese is an official language in both SAR's, but unlike mainland China where Mandarin is the main spoken language and simplified Chinese is the main written language, Cantonese is the most spoken language and traditional Chinese is the main written language in these areas. The vagueness of simply stating Chinese as the official language allows this to happen. Also, English and Portuguese, the main languages of the nations that controlled Hong Kong and Macau in the past in respective order, are also official languages in the respective SAR's. History. After the British Empire defeated China in the Opium Wars, China was forced to give up Hong Kong to the British after signing unequal treaties that favored British interests. They had to give up control of Hong Kong Island in 1842, Kowloon Peninsula in 1860, and were made to lease New Territories for a period of 99 years in 1898. In the 1980s, when its lease of New Territories was nearly over, the United Kingdom sought to renew its lease of New Territories. However, China refused to renew the lease. Since New Territories had half of Hong Kong's people and most of its water supply, having Kowloon and Hong Kong Island without New Territories would have ruined Hong Kong's economy. Reluctantly, Britain decided in 1984 to begin talks on giving Hong Kong back in 1984. In 1988, China agreed to uphold Basic Law, which would make Hong Kong into an SAR when it gets returned to China, and in 1997, Hong Kong was returned to the PRC. IN 1557, the Portuguese Empire made a permanent settlement on Macau, after being given permission from China to dock and trade there. However, it took over Taipa in 1951 and Coloane in 1864, and in 1887, China was forced to sign a treaty to make Macau a permanent colony of Portugal. However, after a military coup overthrew the Portuguese government in 1974, the new government made a promise to give back all the lands it took overseas. In 1986, Portugal and China began talks on how to bring control of Macau back to China peacefully, and in 1999, Macau became an SAR in the PRC. Regional status in China. As SAR's, China agrees that "commercial, social and legal life of Hong Kong/Macau will remain as it is" until after their first 50 years of being part of the PRC. For Hong Kong, its uninterrupted status will last until 2047, and for Macau, it will last until 2049. Afterwards, the PRC is allowed to rule over Hong Kong and Macau as it pleases. Kasaragod Kasaragod District () is one of the 14 districts in the state of Kerala, India. Kasaragod became part of Kannur district following the reorganisation of states and formation of Kerala in November 1, 1956. Kasaragod was declared as a district on 24 May 1984. Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, or Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte, is also known as Kotte. It is the official capital of Sri Lanka. Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is in the urban area of Colombo. Haldenwang, Oberallgäu Haldenwang is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. It is one the eastern side of the Iller valley. The mayor has been Josef Wölfle (CSU) since 1 May 2014. Deinocheirus Deinocheirus ( ) is a genus of ornithomimid dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Mongolia. In 1965, arms and shoulder girdles were found. More parts were found in 2014, and this large dinosaur was probably omnivorous. Dmytro Grabovskyy Dmytro Grabovskyy (, 30 September 1985 – 23 January 2017) was a Ukrainian-Israeli professional road bicycle racer. He was born in Simferopol, Ukraine. He last competed for UCI Continental team ISD-Lampre. He was second in the time trial for juniors at the 2005 World Championship Cycling in Madrid and he won the road race. Grabovsky became an Israeli citizen in 2014. He died from a heart attack on 23 January 2017, aged 31. Gorden Kaye Gordon Fitzgerald Kaye, known professionally as Gorden Kaye (7 April 1941 – 23 January 2017) was a BAFTA-nominated English comic actor. He was best known for playing René Artois in the British TV comedy series "%27Allo %27Allo!". He also was the roadie for Alberto y Lost Trios Paranoias. Kaye was born in Huddersfield, West Riding of Yorkshire. When young, Kaye played rugby league for Moldgreen ARLFC before studying at King James's Grammar School, Almondbury, Huddersfield. Kaye died under hospice care in England on 23 January 2017, aged 75. Ruth Samuelson Ruth Culbertson Samuelson (November 4, 1959 – January 23, 2017) was an American Republican politician. She was a member of the North Carolina General Assembly, representing the 104th district in the North Carolina House of Representatives from 2007 to 2015. She announced on October 15, 2013, that she would not seek re-election for a fifth term and would leave office at the end of her current term, after the 2014 elections. From 2000 to 2004, Samuelson served as a member of the Mecklenburg County Board of Commissioners, representing the Fifth District. In 2004, she ran for an At-Large seat on the Board of Commissioners, but lost in a tight general election race. Samuelson was born in Charleston, South Carolina. She revealed in June 2016 that she had been diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Samuelson died on January 23, 2017 under hospice care in Charlotte, North Carolina, aged 57. Time in Russia Russia currently has eleven time zones: Daylight saving time (DST) is no longer observed in Russia but it was used from when it was part of the Soviet Union until 2011, then President Dmitry Medvedev announced on February 8, 2011, that summer time will be used all year, leaving Moscow Time on UTC+4 year round. On 22 July 2014, Another bill was re-introduced, forcing all Russian time zones to move an hour back, and Moscow Time is now on UTC+3 on October 26, 2014. However, the More time changes occurred in 2016. On March 27, several times were changed: On April 24, another time zone was changed: On July 24, another time zone was changed: And, on December 4, another time zone was changed: SpongeBob SquarePants (season 1) Season 1 of the Nickelodeon TV series SpongeBob SquarePants started on May 1, 1999 and ended on March 3, 2001. SpongeBob SquarePants (season 3) "SpongeBob SquarePants" is an American animated television series. The third season was on television from October 5, 2001 to October 11, 2004. Stephen Hillenburg, the creator of SpongeBob Squarepants, stopped making the television series in order to make "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie". The television series was meant to end after the movie was released. Because the movie was so popular, the television series continued. The third season won both the 2003 and 2004 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards for Favorite Cartoon. Samhain Samhain is the Gaelic celebration at the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter. It is pronounced SOW-in. This festival is also celebrated in Paganism and Wicca. It is now known as Halloween or All Hallows' Eve and celebrated on the 31st of October. Legends. A common legend on Samhain is that it is easy to talk to the dead. One way to do this is by using a Ouija board, a wooden board with numbers and letters on it. Andrew Telegdi Andrew Telegdi, PC (András Telegdi; May 28, 1946 – January 23, 2017) was a Hungarian-born Canadian politician. He was a Liberal Member of Parliament in the Canadian House of Commons from 1993 to 2008, representing Waterloo and the successor riding of Kitchener—Waterloo. In 2014, Telgedi ran and lost in the 2014 Waterloo Regional Elections. He came in third place to become one of two councillors for Waterloo on the Waterloo Regional Council. Telegdi was born in Budapest, Hungary. He studied at the University of Waterloo in the 1970s. Telegdi died on January 23, 2017 in Waterloo, Ontario, aged 70. FAW Group FAW Group Corporation is a Chinese Government-owned corporation automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Changchun, Jilin, China. Its principal products are automobiles; buses; light, medium, and heavy-duty trucks; and auto parts. FAW became China's first automobile manufacturer when it unveiled the nation's first domestically produced passenger car, the Hong Qi, in 1958. Richard DeVos Richard Marvin DeVos Sr. (March 4, 1926 – September 6, 2018) was an American businessman. He was known for being the co-founder of Amway along with Jay Van Andel (company restructured as Alticor in 2000), and owner of the Orlando Magic NBA basketball team. In 2012, "Forbes" magazine listed him as the 60th richest person in the United States, and the 205th richest in the world, with an estimated net worth of $5.1 billion. At one point, he was one of the 10 richest Americans. DeVos was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He studied at Calvin College. He served in the military in World War II in the United States Army Air Corps. He was married to Helen June Van Wesep from 1953 until her death in 2017. Together, they had four children. His son, Dick DeVos, is married to Betsy DeVos the 11th and current United States Secretary of Education. He was a Reformed Christian. DeVos died on September 6, 2018 from complication of an infection in Ada, Michigan at the age of 92. Cère The Cère is a French river, in the Massif Central, that flows through the Cantal, Corrèze and Lot departments. It is a left tributary of the Dordogne (river) and is the main river of the Cantal department. For about , the Cère forms the border between, first, the Corrèze and the Cantal departments and, later, between the Corrèze and the Lot departments. Geography. The Cère river has a length of and a drainage basin with an area of . Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Biars-sur-Cère in the Lot department. Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Biars-sur-Cère Course. The source of the Cère river is in the southwestern Massif Central, in Col de Font de Cèrein the "commune" of Saint-Jacques-des-Blats, at an altitude of about , in the Cantal department. The Cère river flows to the west, in general, through 3 regions, 3 departments and 29 "communes". Several "communes" are named after the river: Vic-sur-Cère, Arpajon-sur-Cère, Laval-de-Cère, Gagnac-sur-Cère, Biars-sur-Cère. It flows through the following "communes", among others: Finally, it flows into the Dordogne river in the town of Girac in the Marne department. Main tributaries. The main tributaries, over 20 km long, of the Cère river are: Left tributaries: Right tributaries: California National Party The California National Party (CNP) is a political party in the state of California. The party was founded in 2015. It has been described by California legislative historian Alex Vassar as "the biggest-promising political party you haven't heard of". It is currently chaired by Theo Slater. The party's main goal is achieving California's independence from the United States of America. Their platform also includes a wide range of proposed reforms. This includes health care, schools and welfare. Many of their proposals are generally left of center and reflect the party's "pragmatic progressive" ideology. Yes California The Yes California Independence Campaign is an American political action committee. It promotes the secession of the state of California from the United States via a referendum proposed for 2019. The campaign president is Louis J. Marinelli. He is a former New Yorker who lives in Russia He has received help from the Russian government to promote his efforts. Marinelli was encouraged by the news of Brexit, the United Kingdom plan for leaving the European Union. The group has been nicknamed "Calexit" for California exit. The left-wing group was allowed to set up a makeshift embassy in Moscow under the name the “Embassy of the Independent Republic of California". The Kremlin has been known for supporting secessionist movements in Europe and the United States. Administrator of the Small Business Administration The Administrator of the Small Business Administration is the head of the Small Business Administration of the United States Government. Background. President Obama announced in January 2012 that he would elevate the SBA into the Cabinet. This is a position that last held during the Clinton administration. The position was established in 1953 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Tatamagouche (Mi'kmaq: "Taqamiju’jk") is a village in Colchester County, Nova Scotia, Canada. Tiverton, Nova Scotia Tiverton is a small village located on the northeast tip of Long Island, Nova Scotia. Tiverton has a population of about 300 people. It was named for Tiverton, Devon. The main industry is lobster fishing, while a second, and growing industry, is tourism. The Bay of Fundy is known for whale watching, and Tiverton and the surrounding area offer several tours operating throughout the summer months. Another attraction is Balancing Rock, a large basalt column that appears to be balancing on its end on the southern shore just outside Tiverton. Ernesto Nieto Ernesto Nieto (born October 6, 1940) is the creator of the National Hispanic Institute. He has served as President since the organization's creation in 1979. Biography. Ernesto Nieto was born in Houston, Texas. He went to Jefferson Davis High School and entered the University of Houston on an athletic scholarship. Nieto later went to Southwestern University in Georgetown, Texas, where he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Education in 1964 with a specialization in special education. After working on his graduate degree at the University of Houston, he served in various management jobs in both the state and federal government. Westport, Nova Scotia Westport, Nova Scotia is a village in Digby County, Nova Scotia and it is located on Brier Island in the Bay of Fundy. As of 2016, the population was 218. Kanifing (Gambia) Kanifing is one of eight Local Government Areas in The Gambia. The municipality has the most people of any of the administrative districts in Gambia. It is immediately west of the City of Banjul. It includes Serrekunda, the largest urban area in the Gambia. Spike protein A Spike protein or peplomer is a glycoprotein spike on the outside layer (or capsid) of a virus. When a virus attaches to a cell, these peplomers can only attach to certain receptors on the cell. They are very important for choosing which cell it attaches to and how infectious a virus is. Brikama (Gambia) Brikama is one of eight Local Government Areas in the Gambia. The headquarters of the Brikama LGA are at Brikama town. About 700,000 people lived there in 2013. Mansa Konko Mansa Konko is a town and Local Government Area in The Gambia. It is the capital city of the Lower River Region. Kerewan (Gambia) Kerewan is one of eight Local Government Areas (LGA) in the Gambia. It is north of the Gambia River. The city of Kerewan is the headquarters of the North Bank Region. In 2013 about 220,000 lived in the LGA. Of those, about 200,000 lived in the city. Kuntaur (Gambia) Kuntaur is one of eight Local Government Areas in the Gambia. The town of Kuntaur is the last inland port for large ships. It had about 3,000 people living there in 2013. Michael Robinson (footballer) Michael John Robinson (12 July 1958 – 27 April 2020) was an English-born professional footballer and sports commentator. He played as a striker. Robinson was born in Leicester. He played in more than 300 official matches in England for five clubs, including Liverpool. He also played the last three seasons of his career in Spain with Osasuna. He represented the Republic of Ireland at international level. Robinson retired in 1989. He became a Spanish citizen. He was also a television presenter. In December 2018, Robinson announced he had melanoma. He died in Marbella on 27 April 2020 at the age of 61. Honours. Club. Liverpool Janjanbureh (Gambia) Janjanbureh is one of eight Local Government Areas in the Gambia. The town of Janjanbureh is on MacCarthy Island in the Gambia River. It used to be named Georgetown. Ozren Grabarić Ozren Grabarić (born 17 July 1980) is a Croatian actor, member of the Gavella Theatre in Zagreb, often featured in TV series and in film. He is a professor at the Academy of Dramatic Art in Zagreb. He voiced Crane in the Croatian dub of the "Kung Fu Panda" films. Basse (Gambia) Basse is one of eight Local Government Areas in the Gambia. About 240,000 people lived there in 2013. It has a land area of 2,069.5 square kilometres. Palatine bone The palatine bone is a paired bone which forms part of the nasal cavity and hard palate. It is located between the maxilla and sphenoid bone. In simple terms it is on both sides of the nose. Local government areas of the Gambia The Gambia is divided into eight local government areas. These are divided into 43 districts. Secondary color Secondary colors are colors made from two primary colors. In RYB, the secondary colors are orange, mixed from red and yellow, green, mixed from yellow and blue, and purple, mixed from red and blue. In RGB, the secondary colors are yellow, mixed from red and lime, cyan, mixed with lime and blue, and magenta, mixed from red and blue. The secondary colors from RYB are known as OGP, and from RGB, it is CMYK. When mixed with primary colors, it makes a teritary color. Tertiary color Teritary colors are colors mixed from primary colors, and secondary colors. RGB RGB, also called additive color mixing, is a color coding using light, with red, green, and blue. These three are mixed with different levels of brightness to create different colors. For example, to obtain white, they are blended with equal intensity for each. For black, no colour receives any intensity. Representations. There are several ways of representing RGB colors, which are used in different situations and purposes. In general, each RGB color consists of red, green and blue light, each of which shines with some intensity; the higher the intensity of (for example) green light, the more 'green' the overall color will seem. In some digital systems each of red, green and blue has 256 different intensities, from being completely turned off (level 0) to being completely turned on (level 255). The three intensities together are usually listed on their own to then represent the overall color. When the numbers are not annotated with the color they each represent, the first number represents the intensity of red, the second number that of green, and the third number that of blue. There are usually different ways of writing these lists, for example when creating websites. The most common way uses hexadecimal code, in which the numbers ranging from 0 to 255 can be represented using 2 digits. This only needs six hexadecimal digits (which may be the numbers 0-9 or the letters A-F) to represent RGB colors. When using hexadecimal code, these digits are preceded with a '#' character. See the Examples section below. An alternative way is to write the numbers in the conventional denary way, then usually enclosed in parentheses with the label 'RGB' to indicate what the numbers stand for. Within computer storage, the three numbers are just stored as binary numbers, much like any other data, though the binary representation is not usually used by humans directly. Examples. The below table shows a few examples of how RGB is used to blend different colours. Police impersonation Police impersonation is when someone pretends to be a police officer. It is illegal in most countries. Prime Minister of Serbia The Prime Minister of Serbia (Serbian: Премијер Србије / "Premijer Srbije"), officially the President of the Government of the Republic of Serbia (Председник Владе Републике Србије / "Predsednik Vlade Republike Srbije"), is the Head of government of Serbia. The prime minister works for the Government, and sends it to the National Assembly the Government's Program. The current Prime Minister, Ana Brnabić was nominated by the former Prime Minister and newly elected President of the Republic, Aleksandar Vučić and elected and appointed by the National Assembly on 29 June 2017. Dragutin Zelenović Dragutin Zelenović (; 19 May 1928 — 27 April 2020) was a Serbian educator and politician. He was rector of the University of Novi Sad. He was a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. He was the Prime Minister of Serbia in 1991. He was a professor at the Faculty of Technical Sciences and Rector of the University of Novi Sad (1987–89). He died on 27 April 2020 in Novi Sad, aged 91. Tanjung Pinang Tanjung Pinang is the capital city of the Indonesian province of the Riau Islands. It covers a land area of 144.56 km2. With an estimated population of 209,280 as of 2018, it is the second largest city of the province, after Batam. Tanjung Pinang is a historic city of the Malay culture, serving as the capital of Johor Sultanate and Riau-Lingga Sultanate. Syahrul Syahrul (August 30, 1960 – April 28, 2020) was an Indonesian politician, teacher, and member of the Great Indonesia Movement Party. He was the Mayor of Tanjung Pinang, and capital and second largest city in the Riau Islands, from September 21, 2018, until his death on April 28, 2020. He was Deputy Mayor of Tanjung Pinang from 2013 to 2018. Syahrul died in April 2020 from COVID-19, aged 59. Alexander Münninghoff Alexander Münninghoff (13 April 1944 – 28 April 2020) was a Polish-born Dutch journalist and chess player. From 1974 to 2007, he worked for the "Haagsche Courant". Münninghoff wrote among others many articles and books about chess sport. He was born in Poznan, Poland. In 1983 he won the and in 2015 he won the for his book "De stamhouder". Münninghoff died at his home in The Hague on 28 April 2020, aged 76. Harland Svare Harland James Svare (November 25, 1930 – April 4, 2020) was an American professional football player and coach. Svare was a linebacker who played eight seasons with the Los Angeles Rams and New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL) from 1953 to 1960. He was the Rams head coach from the 1962 season through 1965 and the San Diego Chargers head coach from 1971 through 1973. He was born in Clarkfield, Minnesota. Svare died on April 4, 2020 of respiratory arrest in Steamboat Springs, Colorado at the age of 89. Clarkfield, Minnesota Clarkfield is a city in Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 863 at the 2010 census. Granite Falls, Minnesota Granite Falls is a city in Chippewa and Yellow Medicine counties in the State of Minnesota. The population was 2,897 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Yellow Medicine County. Ronnie Earle Ronald Dale Earle (February 23, 1942 – April 5, 2020) was an American Democratic politician and lawyer. He was born in Fort Worth, Texas. From 1977 to 2009, he was the District Attorney of Travis County, Texas. He was known for being the judge that prosecuted House Majority Leader Tom DeLay for money laundering. Earle died on April 5, 2020 in Austin, Texas after a long-illness, aged 78. Albert H. Wilkening Major General Albert H. Wilkening (February 1, 1946 – April 8, 2020) was an American major general. He was an adjutant general of Wisconsin from 2002 to 2007. He was responsible for both the federal and state missions of the Wisconsin Army and Air National Guard and the Wisconsin Division of Emergency Management. In March 2003, Wilkening was appointed by Governor Jim Doyle as in charge of the Homeland Security Council in Wisconsin and to be the governor's homeland security advisor. He was born in Freeport, New York. Wilkening died of pancreatic cancer in Wisconsin on April 8, 2020, at the age of 74. Freeport, New York Freeport (officially The Incorporated Village of Freeport) is a village in the town of Hempstead, Nassau County, New York, US, on the South Shore of Long Island. The population was 43,713 at the 2010 census. Jim Doyle James Edward Doyle, Jr., (born November 23, 1945) is an American lawyer and politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was the 44th Governor of Wisconsin from January 6, 2003 to January 3, 2011. Marianne Lundquist Ingrid Marianne Lundquist (later "Grane", 24 July 1931 – 10 April 2020) was a Swedish freestyle swimmer. She was born in Stockholm. Lundquist won a bronze medal in the 4 × 100 m relay at the 1950 European Aquatics Championships. She competed at the 1948 and 1952 Olympics. Lundquist died on 10 April 2020 from COVID-19 in Stockholm, aged 88. Lowell A. Reed Jr. Lowell A. Reed Jr. (June 21, 1930 – April 11, 2020) was an American politician and lawyer. He was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania from 1988 to 1999. He was nominated by President Ronald Reagan. Reed Jr. was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania. Reed Jr. died on April 11, 2020 in Jenkintown, Pennsylvania of Parkinson's disease-related problems, aged 89. Jenkintown, Pennsylvania Jenkintown is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, about 10 miles (16 km) north of Philadelphia. Axel Berg (footballer) Axel August Berg (8 July 1938 – 12 April 2020) was a Norwegian football winger. He played for Lyn between 1955 and 1965 and the national team from 1959 and 1961. Berg died on 12 April 2020, aged 81. Elisabeth Berge Elisabeth Berge (27 November 1954 – 13 April 2020) was a Norwegian businessperson and politician. She worked in the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy from 1981 to 1990. She then worked in Statoil from 1990 to 2004. Beginning in 2001, she was chief of communications. In 2004 she was appointed permanent under-secretary of State in the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy. Berge died on 13 April 2020, aged 65. Paul Ronty Paul Ronty (July 12, 1928 – April 22, 2020) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre. Ronty started his National Hockey League career with the Boston Bruins in 1947. He also played for the New York Rangers and Montreal Canadiens. He retired after the 1955 season. He was born in Toronto. Ronty died on April 22, 2020 in Newton, Massachusetts at the age of 91. Brian Stepanek Brian Patrick Stepanek (born February 6, 1971) is an American actor. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He is known for his role as Arwin Hawkhauser on the Disney Channel Original Series "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody" and Brian on "Brian O'Brian". He was also a Sector Seven Agent in the 2007 Michael Bay movie "Transformers". He played Tom Harper on the Nickelodeon series "Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn" from 2014 to 2018. Lynn Harrell Lynn Harrell (January 30, 1944 – April 27, 2020) was an American classical cellist. He was born in New York City. Harrell made his recital debut in New York in 1971. He was the Music Director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic Institute from 1988 to 1992. From 1986 to 1993, he held the post of "Gregor Piatigorsky Endowed Chair in Violoncello" at the University of Southern California. Harrell died on April 27, 2020 in Santa Monica, California of cardiac arrest at the age of 76. Francesco Perrone Francesco Perrone (3 December 1930 – 27 April 2020) was an Italian long-distance runner. He competed in the marathon at the 1960 Summer Olympics. Perrone was an athlete of the Gruppo Sportivo Fiamme Oro. He was born in Cellino San Marco, Italy. Perrone died of COVID-19 on 27 April 2020 in Bari, Italy at the age of 89. Mohammad Shariff (admiral) Admiral Mohammad Shariff (Urdu: ايڈمرل محمد شريف ; born 1920 – 27 April 2020), was a four-star rank admiral. He was an important figure in the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971. He was the Chief of Naval Staff from 1975 to 1979 and Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee from 1977 to 1980. Shariff died on 27 April 2020, aged 99. Kim Rhodes Kimberly Rhodes (born June 7, 1969) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Ensign Lydnsey Ballard in "" episode of "Star Trek Voyager", Cindy Harrison on two different soap operas, "Another World" and "As the World Turns", and as Carey Martin in the Disney Channel sitcom "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody" and "The Suite Life on Deck", She is also known for playing Sheriff Jody Mills on "Supernatural". Nur Yerlitaş Nuray "Nur" Yerlitaş (11 August 1955 – 27 April 2020) was a Turkish fashion designer. She was born in Istanbul. She was a judge on the television reality show "İşte Benim Stilim" from 2015 to 2017. She started her career by selling accessories from Italy. In the following years she opened her own boutique and entered into designing business. In August 2018, Yerlitaş was diagnosed with brain cancer. She died on 27 April 2020 at her home in Istanbul from the disease, aged 64. Giacomo dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto Fra' Giacomo dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto (9 December 1944 – 29 April 2020) was an Italian nobility. He was the 80th Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta in 2008 and again from 2017 until his death. His full title is "His Most Eminent Highness Fra' Giacomo dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto, Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta, Most Humble Guardian of the Poor of Jesus Christ". He was born in Rome. Dalla Torre died on 29 April 2020 in Rome from throat cancer, aged 75. List of grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller This is a list of Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller including their replacement Sovereign Military Order of Malta after 1798. Adjara Adjara is a region of Georgia. Its official name is Autonomous Republic of Adjara. The capital city is Batumi, which is the 2nd largest city in Georgia. The region is on the coast of the Black Sea near the foot of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains. About 333,953 people live there (2014). There are 5 municipalities plus the city of Batumi. The five municipalities are: Ludwig Hoffmann-Rumerstein Fra' Ludwig Hoffmann von Rumerstein (born January 21, 1937) is an Austrian nobility. He was the interim Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta in 2017. From 1994 to 2004 and again from 2014 to 2019, he was Grand Commander of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. He was born in Innsbruck. Ron Marlenee Ronald Charles "Ron" Marlenee (August 8, 1935 – April 26, 2020) was an American Republican politician. He was in the United States House of Representatives from Montana between January 3, 1977 to January 3, 1993. He represented . Marlenee was born in Scobey, Montana. Marlenee died on April 26, 2020 in Bozeman, Montana of a short-illness, aged 84. South Berwick, Maine South Berwick is a town in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 7,220 at the 2010 census. York County, Maine York County is the southwesternmost county in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2010 census, the population was 197,131. Its county seat is Alfred. Alfred, Maine Alfred is a town in York County, Maine, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town population was 3,019. Alfred is the seat of York County. Guria Guria is a region in Georgia. The capital city is Ozurgeti. It is bordered by the eastern end of the Black Sea. Divisions. Guria is divided into 3 municipalities: Auburn, Maine Auburn is a small city in south-central Maine, United States. The city is the county seat of Androscoggin County. The population was 24,061 at the at the 2020 census. Auburn and its sister city Lewiston are known locally as the Twin Cities or Lewiston–Auburn (L–A). National Register of Historic Places. Auburn has 20 listings on the National Register of Historic Places they are listed below. Ellsworth, Maine Ellsworth is a city in and the county seat of Hancock County, Maine, United States. The 2010 Census it had a population of 7,741. Rockland, Maine Rockland is a city in Knox County, Maine, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 7,297. It is the county seat of Knox County. Wiscasset, Maine Wiscasset is a town in and the seat of Lincoln County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,732 as of the 2010 census. Penobscot County, Maine Penobscot County is a county in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2010 census, the population was 153,923. Its county seat is Bangor. Penobscot County is home to the University of Maine. Piscataquis County, Maine Piscataquis County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2010 census, its population was 17,535, making it Maine's least-populous county. Its county seat is Dover-Foxcroft. Sagadahoc County, Maine Sagadahoc County ( ) is a county in the state of Maine, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the county's population was 35,293. The county seat is Bath. Paris, Maine Paris is a town in and the county seat of Oxford County, Maine, United States. 5,183 people lived there at the 2010 census. Oxford County, Maine Oxford County is a county in the state of Maine, in the United States. As of the 2010 Census, the county had a population of 57,833. Its county seat is the town of Paris. Belfast, Maine Belfast is a city in Waldo County, Maine, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 6,668. Waldo County, Maine Waldo County is a county in the state of Maine, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the county's population was 38,786. The county seat is Belfast. Machias, Maine Machias is a town in and the county seat of Washington County in downeast Maine, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town population was 2,221. Imereti Imereti is a region of Georgia. The capital city is Kutaisi. It is along the Rioni River. Divisions. Imereti has the following divisions: Kings of Imereti. Kings of Imereti included: Washington County, Maine Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2010 census, its population was 32,856, making it the third-least populous county in Maine. Its county seat is Machias. South Paris, Maine South Paris is a census-designated place (CDP) located within the town of Paris in Oxford County, Maine, in the United States. The population was 2,237 at the 2000 census. South Paris is located at (44.221609, -70.514603). Kakheti Kakheti is a region in Georgia. The capital city is Telavi. It include the Tsiv-Gombori mountain range and Alazani River. The Georgian David Gareja monastery complex is partly in this province. There is a border dispute between Georgian and Azerbaijani authorities. Popular tourist attractions in Kakheti include Tusheti, Gremi, Signagi, Kvetra, Bodbe, Lagodekhi Protected Areas and Alaverdi Monastery. Subdivision. The Kakheti region is divided into eight municipalities: Kvemo Kartli Kvemo Kartli is a region in Georgia. The capital city is Rustavi. Kvemo Kartli is divided into 6 municipalities and 1 special status city, Rustavi: Mtskheta-Mtianeti Mtskheta-Mtianeti is a region (Mkhare) in eastern Georgia. The capital city is Mtskheta. The western part is controlled by the Republic of South Ossetia. The region has five municipalities: Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti is a region in Georgia. The capital city is Ambrolauri. Part of the region is controlled by South Ossetia. Besides Ambrolauri, the region includes the municipalities of Lentekhi, Oni, and Tsageri. The region has the historical provinces of Racha, Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti. Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti is a region in Georgia. The capital city is Zugdidi. The region is divided into: Samtskhe-Javakheti Samtskhe–Javakheti is a region in Georgia. The capital city is Akhaltsikhe. It has the historical provinces of Meskheti, Javakheti and Tori. The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, the South Caucasus natural gas pipeline, and the Kars–Tbilisi–Baku railway pass through the region. The major tourist attractions are the cave monasteries of Vardzia, Vanis Kvabebi, Rabati Castle and Khertvisi fortress. Divisions. The region has six municipalities: The Nebraskan The Nebraskan is a 1953 American western movie. It was directed by Fred F. Sears. Actors include Philip Carey, Roberta Haynes, Wallace Ford, Lee Van Cleef, Richard Webb, and Dennis Weaver. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures. Shida Kartli Shida Kartli is a region in Georgia. The capital city is Gori. Part of the region is under South Ossetian control. It is in a lowland between the Greater and Lesser Caucasus. The Ksani River is in the east. Shida Kartli is divided into 5 municipalities. The municipalities are: Invaders from Mars (1953 movie) Invaders from Mars is a 1953 American science fiction movie. It was directed by William Cameron Menzies. Actors include Jimmy Hunt, Helena Carter, Arthur Franz, Morris Ankrum, Leif Erickson, Max Wagner, Walter Sande, and Hillary Brooke. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. There was a remake in 1986. Mkhare A mkhare is a type of administrative division in the country of Georgia. It is usually translated as "region". The regions are further divided into "raionis" (districts). There are 9 regions in Georgia. House of Wax House of Wax is a 1953 American horror thriller movie. It was directed by Andre DeToth. It is a remake of the 1933 movie "Mystery of the Wax Museum" (1933). Actors include Vincent Price, Frank Lovejoy, Phyllis Kirk, Carolyn Jones, Roy Roberts, and Charles Bronson. It was distributed by Warner Bros. It was remade in 2005 as "House of Wax". Cole Younger, Gunfighter Cole Younger, Gunfighter is a 1958 American western movie. It was directed by R. G. Springsteen. The movie is based on the 1950 novel "The Desperado" by Clifton Adams. Actors include Frank Lovejoy, James Best, Abby Dalton, Jan Merlin, Frank Ferguson, and Ainslie Pryor. It was distributed by Allied Artists Pictures. King of the Khyber Rifles (movie) King of the Khyber Rifles is a 1953 American adventure movie. It was directed by Henry King. The movie is based on the 1916 novel of the same name by Talbot Mundy. The novel was also the basis of the 1929 movie "The Black Witch". Actors include Tyrone Power, Terry Moore, Michael Rennie, Guy Rolfe, Richard Wyler, and John Farrow. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Eddy Pieters Graafland Eddy Pieters Graafland (5 January 1934 – 28 April 2020) was a Dutch football goalkeeper and football manager. He played for Ajax and Feyenoord and was part of Feyenoord's European Cup victory in 1970. He was born in Amsterdam. He earned 47 caps for the Netherlands national football team. He was regarded to be one of the best Dutch goalkeepers ever. Pieters Graafland died on 28 April 2020 in Amsterdam, aged 86. Ayutla, San Marcos Ayutla () is a municipality in the San Marcos Department of Guatemala. It is located along the Suchiate River natural border with Mexico in the southern part of the department. Erik Súñiga Erik Salvador Suñiga Rodriguez (19 November 1975 – 18 April 2020) was a Salvadoran-born Guatemalan politician. He was born in Nueva Concepción, El Salvador. From 2008 to 2019, he was Mayor of Ayutla, San Marcos. In December 2019, the U.S. Treasury Department sanctioned Zúñiga as they believed that he was "a major drug trafficker" and that Zúñiga controlled a drug trafficking organization and supplied cocaine to the Sinaloa Cartel. Súñiga died on 18 April 2020 of pancreatic cancer in Houston, Texas, aged 44. Sinaloa Cartel The Sinaloa Cartel (), also known as the Guzmán-Loera Organization, the Pacific Cartel, the Federation and the Blood Alliance, is an international drug trafficking, money laundering, and organized crime group established during the late 1980s. The cartel is in the city of Culiacán, Sinaloa, with operations in the Mexican states of Baja California, Durango, Sonora, and Chihuahua. The United States calls the Sinaloa Cartel "the most powerful drug trafficking organization in the world" and in 2011, the "Los Angeles Times" called it "Mexico's most powerful organized crime group." The group makes and sells opium, marijuana, heroin and cocaine. They also do human trafficking. Gina Rodriguez Gina Alexis Rodriguez-LoCicero ("née" Rodriguez; born July 30, 1984) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Jane Villanueva in The CW satirical romantic dramedy series "Jane the Virgin" (2014–2019). She also starred in "Deepwater Horizon" (2016), "Ferdinand" (2017), "Annihilation" (2018), "Smallfoot" (2018), "Miss Bala" (2019), "Someone Great" (2019) and "Scoob!" (2020). Born in Chicago, she was raised in the Belmont Cragin neighborhood of the city. Abbott and Costello Go to Mars Abbott and Costello Go to Mars is a 1953 American science fiction comedy movie. It is directed by Charles Lamont. Actors include: Bud Abbott, Lou Costello, Mari Blanchard, Robert Paige, Dudley Dickerson, and Harry Shearer. The movie was distributed by Universal Pictures. The Black Cat (1934 movie) The Black Cat is a 1934 American psychological horror movie. It is directed by Edgar G. Ulmer. The movie is based on the short story "The Black Cat" by Edgar Allan Poe. Actors include: Boris Karloff, Bela Lugosi, Harry Cording, David Manners, Julie Bishop, and Lucille Lund. It was distributed by Universal Pictures. This was the first movie with both Boris Karloff and Bela Lugosi. Häxan Häxan (Danish: Heksen) is a Swedish Danish movie. The English title is The Witches or Witchcraft Through the Ages. Benjamin Christensen wrote, directed and starred in the movie. Other actors include: Oscar Stribolt, Astrid Holm, Ib Schønberg, and Elith Pio. It was distributed by Skandias Filmbyrå. Japanese War Bride Japanese War Bride is a 1952 American drama movie. It is also known as East is East. It was directed by King Vidor. The movie stars Shirley Yamaguchi, Don Taylor, Cameron Mitchell, and Marie Windsor. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Branded to Kill is a 1967 Japanese crime thriller movie. It was directed by Seijun Suzuki. Actors include Joe Shishido, Koji Nanbara, Isao Tamagawa, and Annu Mari. It was distributed by Nikkatsu. Rough Night in Jericho Rough Night in Jericho is a 1967 American western movie. It was directed by Arnold Laven. The movie is based on the novel "The Man in Black" by Marvin H. Albert, who also wrote the screenplay. It stars Dean Martin, George Peppard, Jean Simmons, Steve Sandor, and Don Galloway. It was distributed by Universal Pictures. Tobruk (1967 movie) Tobruk is a 1967 American World War II drama movie. It was directed by Arthur Hiller. Actors included Rock Hudson, George Peppard, Nigel Green, Norman Rossington, and Guy Stockwall. It was distributed by Universal Pictures. "Tobruk" received an Academy Award nomination for Special Visual Effects in 1968. Jinnat Ali Jinnat Ali (1996 – 28 April 2020) was a Bangladeshi citizen. He was the tallest person in Bangladesh. When he was eleven, Ali's body suddenly started to grow unusually fast. His body continued to grow at the age of 23. His growth was caused by acromegalic gigantism, a condition caused by a tumor on his pituitary gland. Ali died on 28 April 2020 of brain cancer in Chittagong, Bangladesh at the age of 23. Robert Torti Robert Felix Torti (born October 22, 1961) is an American actor and singer. Torti was born in Van Nuys, California. His career began with his role as Jesus and Jack in both the New York City and Los Angeles stage productions of "Reefer Madness". He also played Kurt Martin on the Disney television series "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody" and "The Suite Life on Deck". Accident (1967 movie) Accident is a 1967 British drama movie. It was directed by Joseph Losey. The movie is based on the 1965 novel of the same name by Nicholas Mosley (who also stars). Other actors include Dirk Bogarde, Stanley Baker, Jacqueline Sassard, Michael York, Vivien Merchant, and Freddie Jones. It was distributed by London Independent Producers. At the 1967 Cannes Film Festival, it won the award for Grand Prix Spécial du Jury. Frankenstein Created Woman Frankenstein Created Woman is a 1967 British Hammer horror movie. It was directed by Terence Fisher. It is the fourth movie in the "Hammer's Frankenstein series". Actors include Peter Cushing, Susan Denberg, Derek Fowlds, Barry Warden, Thorley Walters, Robert Morris, and Colin Jeavons. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Villain (1971 movie) Villain is a 1971 British crime drama movie. It was directed by Michael Tuchner The movie is based on the 1968 novel "The Burden of Proof" by James Barlow. Actors include Richard Burton, Ian McShane, Nigel Davenport, Joss Ackland, Donald Sinden, Fiona Lewis, Tony Selby, and John Hallam. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The Man with One Red Shoe The Man with One Red Shoe is a 1985 American comedy thriller movie. It was directed by Stan Dragoti. It is a remake of the 1972 movie "Le Grand Blond avec une chaussure noire". Actors include Tom Hanks, Dabney Coleman, Lori Singer, Jim Belushi, Carrie Fisher, Charles Durning, and David Ogden Stiers. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was a box office disappointment. Hello-Goodbye Hello-Goodbye is a 1970 British comedy movie. It was directed by Jean Negulesco. Actors include Michael Crawford, Genevieve Gilles, Curd Jürgens, Princess Ira von Fürstenberg, and Jeffry Wickham. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. The Far Country The Far Country is a 1954 American romantic western movie. It was directed by Anthony Mann. The movie stars James Stewart, Ruth Roman, Corinne Calvert, and Walter Brennan. It was distributed by Universal Pictures. The Yellow Mountain The Yellow Mountain is a 1954 American western comedy drama movie. It was directed by Jesse Hibbs. Actors include Lex Barker, Mala Powers, Howard Duff, Leo Gordon, and William Demarest. It was distributed by Universal Pictures. Don't Bother to Knock Don't Bother to Knock is a 1952 American psychological thriller movie. It was directed by Roy Ward Baker. The movie is based on the 1951 novel "Mischief" by Charlotte Armstrong. Actors include Marilyn Monroe, Richard Widmark, Enrique Peña Nieto, Elisha Cook Jr., Anne Bancroft, and Jeanne Cagney. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. The Yellow Canary The Yellow Canary is a 1963 American thriller movie. It was directed by Buzz Kulik. The movie is based on the novel by Whit Masterson. It stars Pat Boone, Barbara Eden, Steve Forrest, Jack Klugman, and Harold Gould. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. A Safe Place A Safe Place is a 1971 American drama movie. It was directed by Henry Jaglom. Actors include Orson Welles, Jack Nicholson, Tuesday Weld, Philip Proctor, and Francesca Hilton. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures. The movie did not make much money in ticket sales. A Night in the Life of Jimmy Reardon A Night in the Life of Jimmy Reardon is a 1988 coming-of-age drama movie. It is also known as Aren't You Even Gonna Kiss Me Goodbye? The movie is directed and based on the novel by William Richert. Actors include River Phoenix, Ann Magnuson, Meredith Salenger, Matthew Perry, Ione Skye, Alison Goldfrapp, and Paul Kosol. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. James Roosevelt I James Roosevelt I (July 16, 1828 – December 8, 1900) was an American businessman, politician, horse breeder, and the father of Franklin D. Roosevelt, who became the 32nd president of the United States. Economy of South Africa The economy of South Africa is the second largest in Africa, after Nigeria. South Africa is an upper-middle-income economy. South Africa's Gross Domestic Product almost tripled to peak at $400 billion in 2011. South Africa has a Population of 58,775,022 (2019 est.). the currency of south Africa is in South African rand and the Main industries are mining (South Africa is the world's largest producer of platinum). Koriya district Koriya district, officially known as Korea district, is a district in the north-western part of the Chhattisgarh state in Central India. The administrative headquarters of the district is Baikunthpur. History. Not much was known about the area before the 16th century. The district was formed on 25 May 1998. Vaughan, Ontario Vaughan is a city in Ontario, Canada, 335,000 people live there. Maj Sjöwall Maj Sjöwall (25 September 1935 – 29 April 2020) was a Swedish author and translator. She was born in Stockholm. She was best known for the work with her partner Per Wahlöö on a series of ten novels about the adventures of Martin Beck, a police detective in Stockholm. They also wrote novels separately. In 1971, the fourth of the Beck books, "The Laughing Policeman" won an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for Best Novel and was made into the movie "The Laughing Policeman". Sjöwall died on 29 April 2020 at a hospital in Landskrona, Sweden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aged 84. Hema Bharali Hema Bharali (19 February 1919 – 29 April 2020) was an Indian freedom activist, social worker, Sarvodaya leader and Gandhian. She was born in Assam, India. She was known for her works to the empowerment of women in India. The Government of India awarded her the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2005. She was involved with the "Padayatra" in connection with the Bhoodan movement and was a founder member of the executive council of the Central Social Welfare Board (CSWB). Bharali died on 29 April 2020 in Assam, aged 101. Eavan Boland Eavan Frances Boland (24 September 1944 – 27 April 2020) was an Irish poet, author, and educator. She was a professor at Stanford University, where she had taught beginning in 1996. Her poems were about Irish national identity, and the role of women in Irish history. She was a recipient of the Lannan Literary Award for Poetry. Boland was born in Dublin. Boland died on 27 April 2020, aged 75, from a stroke. Nick Kotz Nathan "Nick" K. Kotz (September 16, 1932 – April 26, 2020) was an American journalist, author, and historian. He was born in San Antonio, Texas. He was best known for his 2005 book "Judgment Days: Lyndon Baines Johnson, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Laws that Changed America" talking about the roles of President Lyndon B. Johnson and Martin Luther King Jr. in the passage of the 1964, 1965, and 1968 civil rights laws. Kotz won a Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting in 1968. Kotz was killed outside his farm on April 26, 2020 in Broad Run, Virginia after being hit by his car, aged 87. Deaths in June 2020 The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in June 2020. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Individuals listed must have . Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting. Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source. June. Deaths in July 2020 The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in July 2020. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Individuals listed must have . Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting. Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source. July. Deaths in August 2020 The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in August 2020. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Individuals listed must have . Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting. Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source. Deaths in September 2020 The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in September 2020. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Individuals listed must have . Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting. Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source. Deaths in October 2020 The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in October 2020. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Individuals listed must have . Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting. Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source. Deaths in November 2020 The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in November 2020. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Individuals listed must have . Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting. Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source. Deaths in December 2020 The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in December 2020. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Individuals listed must have . Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting. Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source. Jānis Lūsis Jānis Lūsis (19 May 1939 – 29 April 2020) was a Latvian athlete. He competed in javelin throw. In 2014 he was added into IAAF Hall of Fame. He competed in four Summer Olympics for the USSR team, winning bronze in 1964 Olympics, gold in 1968 Olympics and silver in 1972 Olympics. He was born in Jelgava, Latvia. Lūsis died on 29 April 2020 in Ogre, Latvia of cancer, aged 80. Tony Lloyd Anthony Joseph Lloyd (born 25 February 1950) is a British Labour Party politician. He was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Rochdale in 2017. Between 1983 and 1997, he was MP for Stretford. He then represented Manchester Central until 2012. Formerly Greater Manchester Police and Crime Commissioner between 2012 and 2017, and was interim Mayor of Greater Manchester between 2015 and 2017. Lloyd was Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland between 2018 and 2020, resigning on 28 April 2020, to recover from COVID-19. On February 15, 2021, he undertook support for Darya Chultsova, Belarusian political prisoner. Nick Cordero Nicholas Eduardo Alberto Cordero (September 17, 1978 – July 5, 2020) was a Canadian actor. He appeared on Broadway in 2014 in the musical "Bullets Over Broadway" in the role of Cheech, for which he was nominated for the Tony Award and the Drama Desk Award. He also starred in the Off-Broadway production of "The Toxic Avenger" and as Dennis in "Rock of Ages" on Broadway in 2012 and on tour. In March 2016, he joined the Broadway production of "Waitress", playing the role of Earl. On television, he played Victor Lugo in "Blue Bloods". In April 2020, Cordero was diagnosed with COVID-19. His right leg was amputated as a result of problems from his illness. On May 1, 2020, he had a lung damage and was given a tracheotomy. Cordero died from problems caused by the infection on July 5, 2020 at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, aged 41. Per Wahlöö Per Fredrik Wahlöö (5 August 1926 – 22 June 1975) was a Swedish author. He was perhaps best known for the works with his partner Maj Sjöwall on a series of ten novels about the adventures of Martin Beck, a police detective in Stockholm, published between 1965 and 1975. In 1971. He won an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America. Personal life. Wahlöö had a thirteen-year relationship with his colleague Maj Sjöwall but never married her, as he already was married. He died on 22 June 1975 from problems caused by pancreas surgery in Malmö, Sweden at the age of 48. Bibliography. Novels written by Per Wahlöö alone (see Martin Beck for joint collaboration with Sjöwall) Mike Sullivan (governor) Michael John Sullivan (born September 22, 1939) is an American lawyer and politician. He was the 29th Governor of Wyoming from 1987 to 1995, and United States Ambassador to Ireland from 1998 to 2001. Jim Guy Tucker James Guy Tucker Jr. (born June 13, 1943) is an American lawyer and politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was the 43rd Governor of Arkansas from 1992 to 1996 and a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1977 to 1979. Tucker resigned the governorship after his conviction for fraud during the Whitewater affair. Warrensburg, Missouri Warrensburg is a city in Johnson County, Missouri, United States. The population was 18,838 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Johnson County. Posthumous award A posthumous award is an award given after the recipient has died. Many prizes, medals, and awards can be granted . Australian actor Heath Ledger, for example, won the Academy Award after his death in 2008. Military decorations, such as Hero of the Soviet Union or the Medal of Honor, are often given posthumously. Sports awards and titles can be awarded posthumously, for example 1970 Formula One champion Jochen Rindt, who died in a crash late in the season, but still had enough points to be named champion. List of governors of Hawaii This is a list of people who were the Governor of Hawaii. Governors. The Republic of Hawaii was annexed by the United States in 1898. It became the Hawaii Territory in 1900. Hawaii became a state in 1959. The Republic had only one president, Sanford B. Dole. He was also the first territorial governor. Between 1893 and 1894, Hawaii was under the Provisional Government of Hawaii. It had no formal leader. Before 1893, Hawaii was a monarchy. Queen Lili'uokalani was the last Queen of Hawaii. Governors of Hawaii Territory. Hawaii Territory was organized on June 14, 1900. It was a territory for 59 years. Twelve people served as territorial governor. They were chosen by the President of the United States. Governors of the State of Hawaii. Hawaii became a state on August 21, 1959. The state was made up of Hawaii Territory without Palmyra Atoll. Since then, there have been seven governors. The governor is elected to a four-year term. It begins on the first Monday in the December after the election. The lieutenant governor is elected for the same term. Since 1964, they have been elected on the same ticket. The 1978 constitutional convention set a term limit of two consecutive terms for both offices. If the office of governor is vacant, the lieutenant governor becomes governor. If the governor is out of the state or unable to do their duties, the lieutenant governor acts as governor. John D. Waiheʻe III John David Waihee III (born May 19, 1946) is an American politician. He was the fourth governor of Hawaii from 1986 to 1994. He was the first American of Native Hawaiian descent to be elected to the office from any state of the United States. List of governors of Indiana The Governor of Indiana is the chief executive of the U.S. state of Indiana. The governor is the head of the executive branch of Indiana's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws. Governors. Governors of the Territory of Indiana. Indiana Territory was formed on July 4, 1800, from the Northwest Territory. Despite remaining a territory for nearly 16 years, it had only two governors appointed by the President of the United States before it became a state. Governors of the State of Indiana. Indiana was admitted to the Union on December 11, 1816. The original 1816 Constitution of Indiana provided for the election of a governor and a lieutenant governor every three years, limited to six years out of any nine-year period. The second and current constitution of 1851 lengthened terms to four years and set the commencement of the governor's term on the second Monday in the January following the election. Governors were allowed to serve for four years in any eight-year period, but a 1972 amendment permitted governors to serve for eight years in any twelve-year period. Should the office of governor become vacant, the lieutenant governor becomes governor. If the office of lieutenant governor is vacant, the president "pro tempore" of the Indiana Senate becomes governor; this has happened once, when James B. Ray succeeded William Hendricks. Trevor Cherry Trevor John Cherry (23 February 1948 – 29 April 2020) was an English footballer and manager. He played as a defender. Cherry was born in Huddersfield. He played for Huddersfield Town, Leeds United and Bradford City. He made a total of 27 international caps for the England national team. He was the third England international to be shown a red card. He later managed Bradford City from 1982 to 1987. While he was manager, Valley Parade, Bradford's home ground, was the scene of a fire. 56 people died, with at least 265 injured. Cherry died on 29 April 2020 at the age of 72. List of governors of Kentucky The Governor of Kentucky is the head of the executive branch of Kentucky's state government. Here is the list of individuals who became Governor. Brereton C. Jones Brereton Chandler Jones (born June 27, 1939) is an American politician. From 1987 to 1991, he was the 50th lieutenant governor of Kentucky and from 1991 to 1995, he was the state's 58th governor. List of governors of Maryland The governor of Maryland heads the executive branch of the government of the U.S. state of Maryland and is commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor is the highest-ranking official in the state, and the constitutional powers of Maryland's governors make them among the most powerful governors in the United States. William Donald Schaefer William Donald Schaefer (November 2, 1921 – April 18, 2011) was an American politician. He was a Democrat. He was the 44th Mayor of Baltimore from December 1971 to January 1987, the 58th Governor of Maryland from January 21, 1987 to January 18, 1995. He also was the 32nd Comptroller of Maryland from January 20, 1999 to January 17, 2007. On September 12, 2006, Schaefer lost his reelection bid for a third term as Comptroller by Maryland Delegate Peter Franchot in the Democratic Party primary. Catonsville, Maryland Catonsville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Baltimore County, Maryland, United States. The population was 41,567 at the 2010 census. Gallipolis, Ohio Gallipolis ( ) is a chartered village in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Gallia County. The population was 3,641 at the 2010 census. Gallia County, Ohio Gallia County (pronunciation: "GAL-yuh") is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 30,934. Its county seat is Gallipolis. List of governors of Minnesota The following is a list of governors of the State of Minnesota and Minnesota Territory, United States. List of governors of New Hampshire This is a list of governors of New Hampshire, in the United States. List of governors. The last of the colonial governors of New Hampshire fled in 1775. List of governors of New Jersey The Governor of New Jersey is the head of the executive branch of New Jersey's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. Richard Codey Richard James Codey (born November 27, 1946) is an American Democratic Party politician. He was the 53rd Governor of New Jersey from 2004 to 2006. He was in the New Jersey Senate since 1982 and was the President of the Senate from 2002 to 2010. David Cowgill David Rupert Cowgill (born December 8, 1960) is an American voice actor. List of governors of New York The governor of New York is the head of the executive branch of New York's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's National Guard. List of governors of North Carolina Here is the list of individuals who became the Governor of North Carolina. List. Notes: List of governors of Tennessee This is a list of people who have served as Governor of Tennessee. Southwest Territory. The Territory South of the River Ohio, commonly called the Southwest Territory, was formed in 1790 from lands ceded by North Carolina to the United States government. The territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Tennessee in 1796. List of governors of Texas The governor of Texas is the chief executive of the U.S. State of Texas, the presiding officer over the executive branch of the Government of Texas, and the commander-in-chief of the Texas National Guard, the state's militia. List of governors of Vermont Here is the list of individuals who became the Governor of Vermont. List. As a U.S. state. (6) (6) (3) (1) (2) (54) (8) Jukka Rasila Jukka Rasila (born August 12, 1969) is a Finnish actor and voice actor. List of governors of Virginia The following is a list of the governors of the Commonwealth of Virginia. List of governors of Wisconsin The Governor of Wisconsin is the head of the executive branch of Wisconsin's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's army and air forces. List of governors of Puerto Rico The following list are the people who became the Governor of Puerto Rico. List of Governors of Puerto Rico. Governors under the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. (8)<br> (3)<br> (1) Oghlan Bakhshi Oghlan Bakhshi (born Mohammad Geldi Geldi Nejad, in 1993, in Gonbad-e Kavus, Iran) is a Turkmen musician. He started learning music alongside his father, Adbol-Ghaffar Geldi Nejad, who was director of a musical school. He was taught by Chari Sahetmuradov, Akmurad Chariev, and Osman Gujimov. Early life and career. Geldi Nejad began playing music when he was 6 years old. When he was 9 years old, Turkmen music professors granted him the title Oghlan Bakhshi(Turkmen: Oglan bagşy). In Turkmen music, "Bakhshi" is a person who can masterfully perform the dutar and sing, and "Oghlan" means child. Therefore, Oghlan Bakhshi () is a person who has mastered the Dutar and singing as a child. Awards and recognition. In June 2004, Goldi Nejad won first place in the Shiraz Arts Festival. In February 2005, he won the title of the "best selection of the festival" at the Fajr International Music Festival. In 2005 he won first prize at the 6th Iranian regional music festival. In 2008 he won first place at the World Festival of Youth Folk Music in Prague, Czech Republic. He was the representative from Iran at the festival. In 2011 at the Turkmen President's Cultural and Artistic Competition, also known as the Golden Age of Turkmenistan Competition, he won the Turkmenistan Culture Award and a gold medal. Publications. In 2015 his performance was published in the book called "The Music of Central Asia", page 119-120 of the book, the title "The Art of the Turkmen Bagshy" (Chapter 7). Wave elections in the United States In political science, a wave election is one in which a political party wins a lot more than the other. In the United States, there is no agreement of how many wins are needed to be called a wave election. Congressional incumbents in the United States have an advantage over challengers, but a wave election often helps challengers. This results in many more incumbents losing than usual during wave elections. Clash by Night Clash by Night is a 1952 film noir drama movie. It was directed by Fritz Lang. The movie is based on the play of the same name by Clifford Odets. It stars Marilyn Monroe, Barbara Stanwyck, Robert Ryan, and Keith Andres. It was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures. Brian Brown (Royal Navy officer) Admiral Sir Brian Thomas Brown, (31 August 1934 – 27 April 2020) was a British senior Royal Navy officer. He was Second Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Personnel from 1988 to 1991. Brown was born in Fratton, Portsmouth. Brown died on 27 April 2020, aged 85. Michael Layard Admiral Sir Michael Henry Gordon Layard, (born 3 January 1936) is a retired senior Royal Navy officer. He was the Second Sea Lord from 1992 to 1995. He was Governor of Pangbourne College. He studied at Pangbourne College and the Britannia Royal Naval College. Layard was commissioned into the Royal Navy in 1954. Layard became Commander of RNAS "Culdrose" in 1982. 2018 United States elections The 2018 United States elections were held Tuesday, November 6, 2018. These midterm elections happened during the presidency of Republican Donald Trump. Thirty-five of the 100 seats in the United States Senate and all 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives were in the elections. Thirty-nine state and territorial governorships as well as many state and local elections were also in the elections. Democrats net gained of 41 seats in the United States House of Representatives, gaining a majority in the chamber. This ended the control that the Republican Party had over the entire legislature. The Republican Party kept control of the United States Senate, making a net gain of two seats and defeating four Democratic incumbents in states that had voted for Trump in 2016. In the state elections, Democrats gained seven state governorships, control of at least 350 state legislative seats, and control of six state legislative chambers. The elections had the highest voter turnout seen in midterm elections since 1914. This election was believed to be a "blue wave" election for the House and the states, but not the Senate. Turnout. On November 6, the "United States Election Project" estimated that 40 million early voters cast ballots on November 6, breaking the record for the number of early votes. 50.3 percent of eligible voters voted in 2018. In 2014, only 36.7 percent of eligible voters voted. The 2018 elections had highest turnout of any mid-term election held since the 1914 elections. Number of people who watched it on television. Legend Total television viewers8:00 to 11:00 PM Eastern Television viewers 25 to 548:00 to 11:00 PM Eastern Belles on Their Toes (movie) Belles on Their Toes is a 1952 American autobiographical comedy drama movie. It was directed by Henry Levin. It is the sequel to "Cheaper by the Dozen". Actors include Myrna Loy, Jeanne Crain, Barbara Bates, Debra Paget, Robert Arthur, Carol Nugent, Tommy Ivo, Jimmy Hunt, and Anthony Sydes. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. The Pride of St. Louis The Pride of St. Louis is a 1952 American biographical drama movie. It was directed by Harmon Jones. It stars Dan Dailey, Joanne Dru, and Richard Crenna. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. "The Pride of St. Louis" was nominated for an Academy Award in 1953. Retreat, Hell! Retreat, Hell! is a 1952 American Korean War drama movie. It was directed by Joseph H. Lewis. Actors include Frank Lovejoy, Richard Carlson, Anita Louise, Russ Tamblyn, Lamont Johnson, Dorothy Patrick, and Nedrick Young. It was distributed by Warner Bros.. Young Guns of Texas Young Guns of Texas is a 1962 American western movie. It was directed by Maury Dexter. Actors include James Mitchum, Alana Ladd, Jody McCrea, Gary Conway, and Chill Wills. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. The Queen's Guards The Queen's Guards is a 1961 British drama movie. It was directed by Michael Powell. Actors include Daniel Massey, Raymond Massey, Ursula Jeans, Frank Lawton, Robert Stephens, and Elizabeth Shepherd. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. 2008 United States presidential election in Nebraska The 2008 United States presidential election in Nebraska occurred on November 4, 2008. It was part of the United States´ general election that year. The Republican candidates were Arizona Senator John McCain and his running mate, Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska. The Democratic candidates were Illinois Senator Barack Obama, and his running mate, Delaware Senator Joe Biden. Although McCain won the statewide vote by a margin of 14.93%, Obama was given 1 electoral vote (McCain got 4). That made Obama the first Democrat to win an electoral vote in Nebraska since 1964. The McCain won the popular vote statewide. However (as is the case in Maine), in Nebraska, two electoral votes are given to the winner of the statewide popular vote. The remaining electoral votes (in the case of Nebraska, which has five electoral votes, this means three) are distributed: one is appointed to the winner of each congressional district. In this case, Obama narrowly won the votes of Nebraska's 2nd Congressional District, and therefore, received an electoral vote. Ambush at Cimarron Pass Ambush at Cimarron Pass is a 1958 American western movie directed by Jodie Copelan and stars Scott Brady, Clint Eastwood, Margia Dean, Irving Bacon and distributed by 20th Century Fox. The Young Lions The Young Lions is a 1958 American World War II drama movie directed by Edward Dmytryk and based on the 1948 novel of the same name by Irwin Shaw. It stars Marlon Brando, Montgomery Clift, Dean Martin, Hope Lange, Barbara Rush, Maximillian Schell, Lee Van Cleef and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was nominated for 3 Academy Awards in 1959. Apache Rifles Apache Rifles is a 1964 American western movie directed by William Witney and starring Audie Murphy, Linda Lawson, Ken Lynch, L. Q. Jones, Michael Dante. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. The Way West The Way West is a 1967 American western movie by Andrew V. McLaglen and based on the 1949 novel of the same name by A. B. Guthrie. It stars Kirk Douglas, Robert Mitchum, Richard Widmark, Sally Field, Lola Albright, Sam Elliott and distributed by United Artists. The Viking Queen The Viking Queen is a 1967 British Hammer adventure movie directed by Don Chaffey and stars Don Murray, Donald Houston, Adrienne Corri, Andrew Keir, Patrick Troughton, Sean Caffrey. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox Jim Ryun James Ronald "Jim" Ryun (born April 29, 1947) is an American politician and Olympic track and field athlete. He won a silver medal in the 1500 m at the 1968 Summer Olympics. Ryun later was in the United States House of Representatives from 1996 to 2007, representing Kansas' 2nd congressional district for the Republican Party. James P. Gray James Polin "Jim" Gray (born February 14, 1945) is an American jurist and writer. He was the presiding judge of the Superior Court of Orange County, California. Gray was the 2012 Libertarian Party vice presidential nominee, as well as the party's 2004 candidate for the United States Senate in California. In 2012, Gray was nominated by Libertarian Party convention delegates as the running mate of former New Mexico Governor Gary Johnson. On April 13, 2020 Gray announced his plans to run for the Libertarian Party nomination for President with Larry Sharpe as his running mate in the 2020 presidential election. COVID-19 testing COVID-19 testing can help find the SARS-CoV-2 virus. There are two types of test; one can find the virus (i.e. Polymerase chain reaction, also called PCR) and the other that can find antibodies produced in response to infection. An accurate mortality rate of the disease and the level of herd immunity in the population can be found from the results of these tests. However, it is still not known how long immunity will last, and how effective it will be. Due to limited testing, as of March 2020, no countries had reliable data of the virus. WHO methods. As of 7 April 2020, the WHO had accepted two diagnostic tests under the Emergency Use Listing procedure (EUL) for use during the COVID‑19 pandemic. Both in vitro diagnostics, the tests are genesig Real-Time PCR Coronavirus (COVID‑19) created by Primerdesign, and cobas SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative assay for use on the cobas® 6800/8800 Systems by Roche Molecular Systems. Approval means that these tests can also be given away by the United Nations. How accurate is this? In March 2020 China reported problems with accuracy in their test kits. In the United States, the test kits developed by the CDC had "flaws". 80% of test kits the Czech Republic purchased from China gave wrong results. Inventions. A group of scientists from Hokkaido University developed an antibody test that could detect avian flu antibodies in only 20 minutes. They said their test could be changed to detect SARS-CoV-2. Herd immunity Herd immunity (also called herd effect, community immunity, population immunity, or social immunity) is a form of protection from infectious disease. This happens when a large percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, whether through previous infections or vaccination. When many individuals have immunity, they do not spread the disease any more. This either stops or slows the spread of disease. While not every single individual may be immune, the group as a whole has protection. This is because there are fewer high-risk people overall. The infection rates drop, and the disease peters out. Herd immunity protects at-risk populations. These include babies and those whose immune systems are weak and can’t get resistance on their own. Buck O'Neil Buck O'Neil "(né" John Jordan O'Neil Jr.; November 13, 1911 – October 6, 2006) was an American first baseman and manager in the Negro American League, mostly with the Kansas City Monarchs. He became the first African American coach in Major League Baseball. He was important in the creation of Negro Leagues Baseball Museum in Kansas City, Missouri. On October 6, O'Neil died at the age of 94 due to heart failure and bone marrow cancer in Kansas City, Missouri. Pooja Hegde Pooja Hegde (born 13 October 1990) is an Indian model and actress. She was crowned as the second runner-up at the Miss Universe India 2010 competition. Her first movie was in the Tamil superhero movie "Mugamoodi" (2012). She then featured in the Telugu movies "Oka Laila Kosam" and "Mukunda" (2014). She also starred in Ashutosh Gowariker's "Mohenjo Daro" (2016) along with Hrithik Roshan. Cherickal Cherickal is a village near Pandalam, Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India. Demographics. Malayalam is the native language of Cherickal. Politics. Cherickal is the a of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Climate. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Namrata Singh Gujral Namrata Singh Gujral (born February 26, 1976) is an Indian-born American director, producer and actress. Her best known roles were in "Training Day" (2001), "House of Sand and Fog" (2003), "Dragnet" (2004), "Family Law" (2001), "Passions" (2001–2005), "The Agency" (2001–2002), "The Agency" (2001–2002), "Mitsein" (2009), "Ultimate Survivor" (2015), "You Can Thrive" (2016), and "Destination Survival" (2016) and "5 Weddings" (2018). Gujral is a breast cancer and lymphoma survivor. Pandalam Pandalam is a town in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. Literacy. In 2011, literacy rate of Pandalam village was 96.74%. In Pandalam, male literacy rate was 97.84% while female literacy rate was 95.80%. Landmarks. Pandalam Bridge. Pandalam Bridge, popularly known as "Kurunthottayam Bridge", is at Pandalam junction. Pandalam Suspension Bridge. Pandalam Suspension Bridge, is a suspension bridge in Pandalam, that connects Pandalam with Kulanada. Pandalam Palace. Pandalam Palace, placed on the banks of Achankovil river, was home to the royal family of Pandalam. Danielle Campbell Danielle Marie Campbell (born January 30, 1995) is an American actress. She is known for her starring roles as Jessica Olson in the 2010 Disney Channel Original Movie "Starstruck", Simone Daniels in the 2011 Disney movie "Prom", Davina Claire in the 2013 CW television drama series "The Originals" and Kayla Powell in the 2018 CBS All Access television psychological thriller series "Tell Me a Story". Cherukole Cherukole is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India. Demographics. Malayalam is the native language of Cherukole. Politics. Cherukole is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Climate. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Chethakkal Chethakkal is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India. Demographics. Malayalam is the native language of Chethakkal. Politics. Chethakkal is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Climate. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Danna Paola Danna Paola Rivera Munguía (born 23 June 1995), better known as Danna Paola, is a Mexican actress, singer and model. In 2004, she was chosen as the lead in the successful children's series, "Amy, la niña de la mochila azul". She starred in multiple television series produced by Televisa. In 2009, she was cast as "Patito" in "Atrévete a Soñar", the Mexican remake of the popular Argentine children's telenovela, Patito Feo. In late 2010, she voiced "Rapunzel" for the Latin American Spanish-language dubbing of the Disney movie "Tangled". Chirappuram Chirappuram is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India. Demographics. Malayalam is the native language of Chirappuram. Politics. Chirappuram is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Climate. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Chittar Chittar is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state, India. It is a Panchayat in the Ranni Taluk. Chittar was given the Nirmal Gram award from Pratibha Patil, the former President of India. Economy. Chittar is a plantation township.The main crops grown here are rubber, pineapple, tapioca, nuts, ginger, and pepper. It was once a part of the demolished Nilakkal trade centre. Location. Chittar lies in the eastern part of Pathanamthitta district. Administration. The panchayath of Chittar was formed in 30 September 1970 by partitioning the Vadaseerikkara and Seethathodu panchayaths in Ranni taluk. The panchayath is divided into 13 wards. People. The people of Chittar are mainly farmers and plantation workers. People began settling down in Chittar about 75 years ago. India census, Chittar had a population of 33977 with 16498 males and 17479 females. Chunkappara Chunkappara is a small town in the Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state, India. Transport. The main roads passing through Distance between Chunkappara and nearby towns: Edasserimala Edasserimala is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India. Demographics. Malayalam is the native language of Edasserimala. Politics. Edasserimala is the a of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Climate. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Elanthoor Elanthoor is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India. Demographics. Malayalam is the native language of Elanthoor. Politics. Elanthoor is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Climate. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). The Comancheros (movie) The Comancheros is a 1961 American western movie directed by Michael Curtiz. It was based on the 1952 novel of the same name by Paul Wellman. It stars John Wayne, Stuart Whitman, Lee Marvin, Nehemiah Persoff, Patrick Wayne, Bruce Cabot, Joan O'Brien and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. The Bad Sleep Well The Bad Sleep Well is a 1960 Japanese crime drama movie directed by Akira Kurosawa and stars Toshiro Mifune, Masayuki Mori, Tatsuya Mihashi, Kyōto Kagawa, Kō Nishimura. It was distributed by Toho. North West Frontier (movie) North West Frontier (USA: Flame Over India; Australia: Empress of India) is a 1959 British adventure movie directed by J. Lee Thompson and stars Kenneth More, Lauren Bacall, Herbert Lom, Ursula Jeans, Wilfrid Hyde-White, I. S. Johar. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was nominated for 3 BAFTAS in 1960. Tonight We Sing Tonight We Sing is a 1953 American biographical musical movie directed by Mitchell Leisen and based on the 1946 novel "Impresario". It stars David Wayne, Ezio Pinza, Roberta Peters, Anne Bancroft, Tamara Toumanova and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Michael Seater Michael Bruce Patrick Seater (born January 15, 1987) is a Canadian actor who is known for his roles as "Derek Venturi" in the Canadian series "Life with Derek". He is close friends with his television co-star Ashley Leggat. He has one confirmed older brother. He is also a supporter of anti-bullying along with Ashley Leggat. Streets of Rage 3 Streets of Rage 3 is a beat 'em up video game. It was released in Japan as . In Europe it was titled Streets of Rage III. The game was made and published by Sega for the Sega Genesis in 1994. It is the third game in the "Streets of Rage" series. It is a sequel to "Streets of Rage 2" (released in 1992) and it is followed by "Streets of Rage 4" (released in 2020). Streets of Rage 4 Streets of Rage 4 is a beat 'em up video game. It was released in Japan and Asia as . It was made by Lizardcube, Guard Crush Games and Dotemu and published by Sega and Dotemu in 2020. The game can be run on Microsoft Windows, Xbox One, PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch. It is the fourth game in the "Streets of Rage" series. It is a sequel to "Streets of Rage 3". City of Bad Men City of Bad Men is a 1953 American romantic western movie directed by Harmon Jones and starring Dale Robertson, Jeanne Crain, Richard Boone, Lloyd Bridges, Carole Matthews, Rodolfo Acosta. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Down Among the Sheltering Palms (movie) Down Among the Sheltering Palms is a 1953 American musical comedy movie directed by Edmund Goulding and starring David Wayne, Mitzi Gaynor, William Lundigan, Jane Greer, Gloria DeHaven. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Nanook of the North Nanook of the North (also known as Nanook of the North: A Story Of Life and Love In the Actual Arctic) is a 1922 American silent documentary movie directed by Robert J. Flaherty set in the Canadian Arctic. It was one of the first twenty-five films included in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress in 1989. Anti-bullying legislation Anti-bullying legislation is a legislation that stops bullying. Its purpose is to not let bullying happen in the first place and protect people who were affected by it. Some states and countries have these laws. Foolish Wives Foolish Wives is a 1922 American silent erotic drama movie. It was directed by Erich von Stroheim (who also stars) and starring Maude George, Miss DuPont, Mae Busch, Dale Fuller, Rudolph Christians. It was distributed by Universal Pictures. It was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress in 2008 as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". The Last Metro The Last Metro () is a 1980 French romance movie directed by François Truffaut. It stars Gérard Depardieu, Catherine Deneuve, Jean Poiret, Jean-Louis Richard, Heinz Bennent, and Richard Bohringer. It was distributed by Gaumount and was nominated for Academy Award in 1981. Paul Hunter Paul Alan Hunter (14 October 1978 – 9 October 2006) was an English snooker player. He was a three-time Masters champion, winning the event in 2001, 2002, and 2004. He also won three ranking events. He won the Welsh Open in 1998 and 2002 and the British Open in 2002. He was highest ranked in 2004/05 at number four. Hunter was compared to David Beckham being called the "Beckham of the Baize" because of his good looks and style. He died in 2006 due to cancerous tumours. He made a total of 114 century breaks, the highest a 146 in the 2004 Premier League. Early life. Hunter was born on 14 October 1978 in Leeds, England and was educated at St Andrews Primary School and Cardinal Heenan High School. Aged nine, he was awarded an award for being the best best junior snooker player of the year. He often travelled to Bradford to practise alongside professional player Joe Johnson. He won many junior tournaments and at the age of 14 won the English Doubles Championship with Richard Brooke. With the help of Jimmy Michie and Johnson, Hunter made his debut among the professionals in July 1995 at the age of 16. Life and career. Early career (1995–2000). Four months after his professional debut, Hunter reached the second round of the 1995 UK Championship by defeating world number six Alan McManus 9–4. At the 1996 Welsh Open he reached the semi-final beating world champion Stephen Hendry in the last 16. The same year he reached the quarter-finals of the UK Championship, where he beat Willie Thorne 9–0, James Wattana 9–5 and Terry Murphy 9–7, before losing 5–9 to Hendry, who went on to win the event. Hunter played at the 1997 Masters, where he lost 1–5 against Mark Williams in the first round. Hunter won his first ranking event at the 1998 Welsh Open. He defeated Paul Wykes 5–3, Neal Foulds 5–2, Steve Davis 5–3, Nigel Bond 5–4, Alan McManus 5–3 and Peter Ebdon 6–1, before John Higgins 9–5 in the final. During the final, Hunter trailed 2-4 but won seven frames from the next eight to win the match. Following the event, he reached the semi-finals of the 1998 UK Championship. At the end of the year, he was named the Snooker Writers Association's "young player of the year". Hunter's first qualified to play in the World Snooker Championship in 1999, where he lost 8–10 in the first round to the winner Stephen Hendry. He ended the season 12th in the 1999-2000 world rankings resulting in automatic qualification into the final stages of ranking tournaments for the first time. He reached the quarter-final six events the following season. He was a runner-up at the 2001 Welsh Open, a semi-finalist at the British Open and Scottish Open, and a quarter-finalist at the Grand Prix and China Open. Masters champion (2001–2004). At the 2001 Masters, Hunter beat Matthew Stevens 6–5 in the first round, Peter Ebdon 6–3 in the quarter-finals and Stephen Hendry 6–4 in the semi-finals. In the final Hunter met Fergal O'Brien. He was behind 3–7, but won seven out of the next nine frames to win 10–9. After winning , Hunter commented that he and his girlfriend had sex between sessions when losing 2-6 and had caused him to play better. At the following year's event, he also won. He beat Stephen Lee 6–3 in the first round, Peter Ebdon 6–5 in the quarter-finals and Alan McManus 6–5 in the semi-finals where he met Mark Williams in the final. Hunter lost all of the first five frames, but won the match 10–9. Hunter was only the third player to retain the Masters along with Cliff Thorburn and Stephen Hendry. Hunter also won his second ranking event, winning the 2002 Welsh Open, beating Ken Doherty 9–2 in the final, but was defeated 9–10 in the first round of the 2002 World Championship by Quinten Hann. Later in 2002, Hunter won his third ranking event, the British Open defeating Ian McCulloch 9–4 in the final. As defending Masters champion, Hunter reached the semi-finals of the 2003 event, but lost 3–6 to Mark Williams. In the 2003 World Snooker Championship, he defeated Allister Carter 10–5, Matthew Stevens 13–6 and Peter Ebdon 13–12 to reach the semi-finals. In his best-of-33-frames semi-final, Hunter established a 15–9 lead over Ken Doherty, however he only could win one of the next nine frames, and lost the match 16–17. The match was later shown as a "Crucible classic" on the BBC during the original dates for the 2020 World Snooker Championship when the event was delayed. Despite the loss, he earned a place in the world's top eight in the 2003-2004 world rankings for the first time in his career, having been ranked number nine for the previous two seasons. In 2003–04, Hunter won the 2004 Masters for the third time in four years. Hunter was behind Ronnie O'Sullivan during the match 1–6, 2–7, 6–8 and 7–9 before winning the final three frames to win. He made five century breaks in the match. Hunter also reached the final of the Players Championship, but lost 7–9 against Jimmy White. At the 2004 Premier League Snooker event, he made his career highest break, a 146 in a 3–5 loss to Marco Fu. He reached the second round of the 2004 World Snooker Championship, where he lost 12–13 against Matthew Stevens, despite leading at both 10–6 and 12–10. Hunter began the 2004–05 season, by reaching the semi-finals of the Grand Prix, where he lost 3–6 to Ronnie O'Sullivan. He then reached the quarter-finals of the 2005 China Open, just days after discovering that he was suffering from cancer. His career-high ranking was number four in the world during the 2004-2005 season, which dropped to number five the following season. Later years and illness (2005–2006). On 6 April 2005, Hunter announced that he was suffering cancer. Hunter returned to snooker for the start of the 2005–06 season, but lost to Rory McLeod in the first round of the Grand Prix. Hunter's next match of the season was at the UK Championship against Jamie Burnett, in which Hunter was 6–8 down but won the match 9–8. Despite this Hunter lost in the next round 2–9 against eventual champion Ding Junhui. He lost in the first round of the 2006 World Championship 5–10 to Neil Robertson, his last ever match. He slipped from 5th to 34th in the 2006/2007 rankings. Hunter admitted that he was worse than the previous year and confirmed that he had been in continuous pain. On 27 July 2006, the WPBSA confirmed that, following a members' vote, the rules would be changed to allow Hunter to sit out the entire 2006–2007 season with his world ranking frozen at 34. He intended to devote the year to treatment for his cancer. Death and legacy. Hunter died at 8:20 pm on 9 October 2006 – just five days short of his 28th birthday – at the Kirkwood Hospice in Huddersfield. Prior to the Premier League Snooker matches on 12 October 2006, players Jimmy White, Ronnie O'Sullivan, Ken Doherty and Ding Junhui, along with referee Alan Chamberlain and commentators Willie Thorne and Phil Yates, all stood for a moment of silence to remember Hunter. He left a wife, Lindsey, and one daughter. His funeral took place on 19 October 2006 at Leeds Parish Church. Fellow snooker players Stephen Hendry, Mark Williams, Jimmy White, Matthew Stevens and Ken Doherty led calls for the Masters trophy to be named in Hunter's memory. Instead, then non-ranking German Open in Fürth was renamed the Paul Hunter Classic in his honour; a event first won by Hunter. Also in 2007, the amateur English Open tournament was renamed the Paul Hunter English Open. On 20 April 2016, the Masters trophy was indeed renamed in Hunter's honour. World Snooker chairman Barry Hearn said they had "messed up" by not doing so sooner. In 2006, Hunter was awarded the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Helen Rollason Award – his widow Lindsey accepted the award on his behalf. A Paul Hunter Foundation was set up after his death with the "specific aim of giving disadvantaged, able bodied and disabled youngsters an opportunity to play snooker". Hunter made 114 competitive century breaks in the course of his professional career, including a high break of 146. Personal life. Hunter and Lindsey Fell, a beauty therapist, married in August 2004 in Jamaica. On 26 December 2005, Lindsey gave birth to their first and only child, daughter Evie Rose, who weighed . He was seen as an exciting player and became known as the "Beckham of the Baize" named after football player David Beckham due to his looks. Hunter made comments that his first Masters win was due to having sex between sessions, which he referred to as "plan bonk". After his death, Lindsay wrote Unbreakable: My Life with Paul – a Story of Extraordinary Courage and Love covering Paul's snooker career, life and death. Lady in the Iron Mask Lady in the Iron Mask is a 1952 American adventure movie directed by Ralph Murphy. It is based on the last section of the novel "The Vicomte de Bragelonne" by Alexandre Dumas, père. It stars Louis Hayward, Patricia Medina, Alan Hale Jr., Judd Holdren and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Streets of Rage Streets of Rage is a series of beat 'em ups. It was made and published by Sega for various consoles. The Garden of Aunt Isabel The Garden of Aunt Isabel (Spanish: El jardín de la tía Isabel) is a 1971 Mexican movie directed by Felipe Cazals. It stars Jorge Martínez de Hoyos, Claudio Brook, Ofelia Guilmáin, Gregorio Casal, Alfonso Arau, Claudio Obregón, Aarón Hernánn and was distributed by Películas Mexicanas. Apolinar Apolinar is a 1972 Mexican fantasy drama movie directed by Julio Castillo and starring Aarón Hernán, Bertha Moss, Abel Woolrich, Ofelia Medina, Enrique Rocha, and Sergio Kleiner. Vampire Circus Vampire Circus is a 1972 British Hammer horror movie directed by Robert Young and starring Adrienne Corri, Thorley Walters, Anthony Higgins, John Moulder-Brown, Lynne Frederick, Lalla Ward, Robin Sachs. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Lao script Lao script is the writing system used to write the Lao language. It is based on the Khmer script. Since the Thai script was also based on the Khmer script, Lao script is very similar. Like Thai, it is an abugida, it has tone markers, and it has three classes of consonants that decides the tone of syllables. However, it is different from the Thai script because it has fewer consonants and the characters are much curvier than Thai, which are more angular. It also does not have the extra letters from Sanskrit and Pali like Thai does. The Lao script has 27 consonant letters, 7 consonant ligatures, 33 vowel markers, and 4 tone markers. Khmer script Khmer script is the writing system used to write the Khmer (Cambodian) language. The script is an abugida. An abugida is a special type of writing system where consonants are changed to make a sound. The Khmer writing system came from other writing systems in India. It was the writing system that Thai and Lao are based on. However, Thai and Lao added tone markers to better suit their own languages, since Thai and Lao are tonal, while Khmer is not. Letters. Consonants. Khmer has 35 consonants, but 2 of them are not used anymore. There are two categories of consonants: A-series and O-series. The A-series consonants end with an -"aw" sound (/ɑː/ in IPA) but the O-series consonants end with an -"oh" sound (/ɔː/ in IPA). For instance, ក (/kɑː/, "neck") is pronounced "kaw" and គ (/kɔː/, "mute") is pronounced "koh". Both of them have the "k" sound but they end in different sounds because ក is A-series while គ is O-series. One key feature that Khmer has, while Thai and Lao do not, is that consonant letters have subscript forms. Subscript forms are forms of consonant letters that are written underneath other letters. Similar to how different letters in the Latin alphabet have capital or lowercase forms that look different from each other, consonants in Khmer have standard and subscript forms. These are used to write consonant strings. For example, in the word Khmer (ខ្មែរ), the "kh + m" consonant string is written as ខ្ម. By themselves, the consonants that make up the "kh + m" cluster would be written as ខ and ម, but since the "m" consonant is the second part of a consonant string, it is written differently under the first consonant in the cluster ខ. So ្ម is the subscript form of ម. Vowels. Dependent Vowels. Dependent vowels must be combined with a consonant to make a sound. Different sounds are made depending on whether or not a consonant is voiced or voiceless. For example, the A-series consonant ត is pronounced "taw" by itself. However, when combined with the vowel ា (which makes an -"ah" sound when added to an A-series consonant), it becomes តា ("tah", which means "grandfather"). However, the O-series consonant ទ (pronounced like the English "toe") combined with the vowel ា makes the word ទា (tee-ah) and means "duck". Independent Vowels. There are independent vowels that do not need to be combined with a consonant. These are usually used to used to write words from Sanskrit and Pali. An example is ឧសភា (oo-sa-PEE-ah, "May"), where ឧ makes a sound like "oo" in b"oo"t. Numbers. Khmer has its own way of writing numbers. The numbers in Khmer are ០១២៣៤៥៦៧៨៩. For instance, 2022 in Khmer would be ២០២២. Arturo Mercado Arturo Mercado (born December 7, 1940) is a Mexican voice actor. Jacques Kazadi Jacques Kazadi (23 December 1936 – 23 April 2020) was a Congolese economist, professor, and politician. He was born in Luluabourg, Belgian Congo. Kazadi taught at several universities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and abroad, including the University of Kinshasa and the University of Michigan. He was then appointed at the first black Dean of the Faculté des Sciences Économiques, and later the first President of the Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA) from 1973 to 1976. CODESRIA is the largest organization of African social science workers on the continent. During the 1970s, Kazadi became a member of the Popular Movement of the Revolution, ruling party of the one-party state regime instilled by Mobutu Sese Seko. He was Secretary of the Treasury until the National Conference of 24 April 1990, when he left the party. Kazadi died on 23 April 2020 in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo at the age of 83. Young Jessie Obediah Donnell "Obie" Jessie (December 28, 1936 – April 27, 2020) was an American R&B, rock and roll and jazz singer-songwriter. He recorded as Young Jessie in the 1950s and 1960s. He was known for his solo career, work with The Flairs and for a short time, with The Coasters. He later performed and recorded jazz as Obie Jessie. He was born in Dallas, Texas. He died on April 27, 2020, aged 83. The Quiller Memorandum The Quiller Memorandum is a 1966 American British spy drama movie directed by Michael Anderson and based on the 1965 novel "The Berlin Memorandum" by Elleston Trevor. It stars George Segal, Alec Guinness, Max von Sydow, Senta Berger, George Sanders, Philip Madoc and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was nominated for 3 BAFTAS in 1967. Bobby Lewis Robert Alan Lewis (February 9, 1925 – April 28, 2020) was an American rock and roll and rhythm and blues singer. He was best known for his 1961 hit singles "Tossin' and Turnin'" and "One Track Mind". He was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. He died on April 28, 2020, aged 95. Riverdale, Illinois Riverdale is a village and a south suburb of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population was 13,549 at the 2010 census. Germano Celant Germano Celant (11 September 1940 – 29 April 2020) was an Italian art historian, critic and curator. He invented the term "Arte Povera" (poor art) in 1967 and wrote many articles and books on the subject. He was born in Genoa, Italy. Early life and career. In 1974, Celant edited and curated the Catalogue Raisonné of Italian artist Piero Manzoni. He curated many exhibitions on Italian art, including "Identité italienne. L'art en Italie depuis 1959" (Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, 1981), "Italian art, 1900-1945" (Palazzo Grassi, Venice, 1989; with Pontus Hultén), and "Italian Metamorphosis 1943-1968" (Guggenheim Museum, New York, 1994). In 1997, he was the director of the Venice Biennale and in 2004, he curated the exhibition "Art and Architecture" in Genoa. From 1977, he was a contributing editor to "Artforum" and from 1991 he was a contributing editor to "Interview". In 1988, Celant was appointed Senior Curator of Contemporary Art at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York City. On 29 April 2020, Celant died of COVID-19 in Milan, aged 80. Yahya Hassan Yahya Hassan (19 May 1995 – 29 April 2020) was a Danish poet and political activist. He was known for his criticism of Islam in Denmark. He was born in Aarhus, Denmark. His most known work, "Yahya Hassan", as of 2013 was the best-selling debut poetry collection in Denmark. It printed in more than 120,000 copies (middle of 2015). Hassan was found dead in his apartment in Aarhus on 29 April 2020, aged 24. The Carpetbaggers The Carpetbaggers is a 1964 American drama movie directed by Edward Dmytryk and based on the novel of the same name by Harold Robbins. It stars George Peppard, Alan Ladd, Bob Cummings, Elizabeth Ashley, Lew Ayers, Leif Erickson, Carroll Baker, Martha Hyer and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. Steve McQueen appears in the 1966 prequel movie "Nevada Smith". Tony Allen (musician) Tony Oladipo Allen (July 20, 1940 – April 30, 2020) was a Nigerian drummer, composer, and songwriter. He lived and worked in Paris. Allen was the drummer and musical director of Fela Kuti's band Africa '70 from 1968 to 1979, and was one of the primary co-founders of the genre of Afrobeat music. He was born in Lagos. Allen died on April 30, 2020 in Paris from an aortic aneurysm, aged 79. Kundanika Kapadia Kundanika Kapadia (11 January 1927 – 30 April 2020) was a Gujarati novelist, story writer and essayist. She was born in Limbdi, Wadhwan State, British India but was raised in Gujarat. Snehdhan was her pen name. "Parodh Thata Pahela" (1968) was her first novel followed by "Agnipipasa" (1972). She wrote "Sat Pagala Akashma" (Seven Steps in the Sky, 1984). Kapadia died on 30 April 2020 in Gujarat of colorectal cancer, aged 93. The Innocents (movie) The Innocents is a 1961 British psychological horror movie directed by Jack Clayton and based on the novella "The Turn of the Screw" by Henry James. It stars Deborah Kerr, Michael Redgrave, Peter Wyngarde, Pamela Franklin, Isla Cameron and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Museum of Arts and Design The Museum of Arts and Design (MAD), based in Manhattan, New York City, collects, displays, and keeps examples of historic craft, art, and design. In its exhibitions and educational programs, the Museum celebrates how materials are crafted into works that define contemporary life. North to Alaska North to Alaska is a 1960 American western movie directed by Henry Hathaway and based on 1939 play "Birthday Gift" by Ladislas Fodor. It stars John Wayne, Stewart Granger, Ernie Kovacs and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Maryna Bazanova Maryna Bazanova (, 25 December 1962 – 27 April 2020) was a Russian handball player. He competed for the Soviet Union in the 1988 Summer Olympics and for the Unified Team in the 1992 Summer Olympics. She won two bronze medalist. Bazanova was born in Omsk, Soviet Union. Bazanova died on 27 April 2020 in Bremen, Germany at the age of 57. Louis Cardiet Louis Cardiet (20 January 1943 – 28 April 2020) was a French professional footballer who played as a defender. He was born in Quimperlé, France. From 1965 to 1967, he played for the national team. From 1963 to 1973, Cardiet played for Stade Rennais F.C.. Cardiet died on 28 April 2020 at the age of 77. Al Edwards (politician) Albert Ely Edwards (March 19, 1937 – April 29, 2020) was an American politician and businessman. He was born in Houston, Texas. He was a member of the Texas House of Representatives from 1978 to 2007 and again from 2009 to 2011. Edwards was a member of the Democratic Party. Edwards died on April 29, 2020 at the age of 83. One Foot in Hell One Foot in Hell is a 1960 American western movie directed by James B. Clark and stars Alan Ladd, Don Murray, Dan O'Herlihy, Karl Swenson, Rachel Stephens. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Alexander Fernando Joseph Manuel Alexander Fernando ( "Æleksænḍar Pranāndu"; 25 August 194029 April 2020) was a Sri Lankan actor and stunt director. He was known for his villain roles. Fernando acted in over 120 Sinhala movies. He was born in Kotahena, Ceylon. His best known roles were in "Ahas Gauwa", "Christhu Charithaya" and in "Supiri Balawatha". Fernando died on 29 April 2020 in Colombo, Sri Lanka at the age of 79. Chuni Goswami Subimal Goswami (15 January 1938 – 30 April 2020), commonly known by his nickname Chuni Goswami, was an Indian international footballer and first class cricketer. He was born in Kishoreganj District , Bangladesh. He played 30 international matches representing India and scored 9 times for the team. He played Ranji Trophy for Bengal, captaining his team to the final of the tournament in 1971–72. Goswami died on 30 April 2020 in Kolkata of cardiac arrest, aged 82. Jordan Cox (rugby league) Jordan Cox (27 May 1992 – 30 April 2020) was an English rugby league footballer. He was born in Hull, England. He last played for Doncaster. He had also played in the Super League for: the Hull Kingston Rovers, the Huddersfield Giants and the Warrington Wolves. He had also appeared for Newcastle Thunder, Halifax and the Sheffield Eagles outside of the Super League. Cox died on 30 April 2020 in Hull at the age of 27. Óscar Chávez Óscar Chávez (20 March 1935 – 30 April 2020) was a Mexican singer-songwriter and actor. He was born in Mexico City. He was popular during the 1960s and 1970s. His best known songs were "Por Ti" and "Macondo". He recorded many Mexican folk songs. Chávez died on 30 April 2020 of COVID-19 in Mexico City, aged 85. Singapore Vikings FC Singapore Vikings FC is an expatriate football club based in Singapore. The players are mainly made up of Danish players, mostly having played in professional, semi-professional or amateur division football in their native country. The Vikings are also well known for their aim to run 1000km in order to raise $20,000 for migrant workers in Singapore during the COVID-19 period. The Captain's Table The Captain's Table is a 1959 British comedy movie directed by Jack Lee and stars John Gregson, Peggy Cummins, Donald Sinden, Maurice Denham, Joan Sims, Oliver Reed, Reginald Beckwith. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. The Inn of the Sixth Happiness The Inn of the Sixth Happiness is a 1958 British biographical drama movie directed by Oscar nominated director Mark Robson and based on the 1957 novel "The Small Woman" by Alan Burgess. It stars Ingrid Bergman, Curt Jürgens, Robert Donat, Athene Seyeler, Moultrie Kelsall, Burt Kwouk and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Airport '77 Airport '77 is a 1977 American thriller movie directed by Jerry Jameson and is the third movie in the Airport franchise. It stars Jack Lemmon, James Stewart, Lee Grant, George Kennedy, Christopher Lee, Robert Foxworth, Kathleen Quinlan, Olivia de Havilland and was distributed by Universal Pictures. It was nominated for 2 Oscars at the Academy Awards in 1978. Rupert Scholz Rupert Scholz (born 23 May 1937) is a German politician. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Union. Scholz was born in Berlin. From 1988 to 1989, he was a member of Helmut Kohl's cabinet as German Federal Minister of Defence. From 1990 to 2002, he was a member of Bundestag. Elavumthitta Elavumthitta is a town in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. Major townships around Elavumthitta. 1. Geographic location. 2. Cites. Demographics. Elavumthitta is flanked by the area of 4 panchayats. Following data is from the book 'Panchayat level Statistics 2006' published by Department of Economics & Statistics Thiruvananthapuram. Enadimangalam Enadimangalam is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India. Demographics. Malayalam is the native language of Enadimangalam. Politics. Enadimangalam is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Climate. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Christian Schwarz-Schilling Christian Schwarz-Schilling (born 19 November 1930) is an Austrian-born German politician, businessman and philanthropist. He was the 5th High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1 February 2006 until 30 June 2007 and as the 2nd European Union Special Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina during the same period. He was born in Innsbruck, Austria. Dorothee Wilms Dorothee Wilms (born October 11, 1929) is a German politician. She was born in Grevenbroich, Germany. From 1982 to 1987 she was the Federal Minister for Education and Science. From 1987 to 1991, Wilms was the Federal Minister for Inner-German relations. Jürgen Schmude Jürgen Dieter Paul Schmude (born 9 June 1936) is a German politician. He was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. He was born in Insterburg, Germany. Schmude was a member of the Bundestag from 1969 to 1990. He was the Minister of Education and Research of Germany from 1978 to 1981. From 1981 to 1982, he was the Minister of Justice. In 1982, he was also Minister of the Interior. Andreas von Bülow Andreas von Bülow (born July 17, 1937) is a German SPD politician and writer. He was born in Dresden. He has written books about September 11 conspiracy theories. From 1980 to 1982, he was the Minister of Research and Technology. Karl-Hans Laermann Karl-Hans Laermann (born 26 December 1929) is a German politician. He was born in Kaulhausen, Germany. He is a member of the Free Democratic Party. From 1974 to 1998, he was a member of the Bundestag. From October to November 1994, he was Minister of Education and Research of Germany. Onionhead Onionhead is a 1958 American World War II comedy drama movie directed by Norman Taurog and based on the novel of the same name by Weldon Hill. It stars Andy Griffin, Walter Matthau, Felicia Farr, Erin O'Brien, James Gregory, Joey Bishop, Ainslie Pryor, Claude Akins and was distributed by Warner Bros.. Jerónimo Arango Jerónimo Julio Arango Arias (1927 — 4 April 2020) was a Mexican billionaire businessman. He was the co-founder of the Aurrerá supermarket chain. His net worth was estimated at US$4.6 billion in 2006 by "Forbes". By 1991, Arango partnered with Wal-Mart, a move that eventually brought the Wal-Mart retail stores to Mexico. Arango died of natural causes on 4 April 2020 at his home in Los Angeles. Arminsyah Dr. Arminsyah (3 May 1960 – 4 April 2020) was an Indonesian lawyer and politician. He was born in Padang, Indonesia. From 2017 until his death, he was Vice Attorney General. For a short time in October 2019, he was Acting Attorney General. Arminsyah was killed in a car crash in Jakarta on 4 April 2020, aged 59. The Deep (1977 movie) The Deep is a 1977 American British adventure movie directed by Peter Yates and based on the novel of the same name by Peter Benchley. It stars Robert Shaw, Jacqueline Bisset, Nick Nolte, Eli Wallach, Louis Gossett Jr. and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1978. Klaus Töpfer Klaus Töpfer (born 29 July 1938) is a German politician. He was born in Waldenburg, Silesia. He is a member of the CDU. From 1998 to 2006, he was executive director of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Rudolf Seiters Rudolf Seiters (born 13 October 1937) is a German politician. He is a member of the CDU (Christian Democratic Union) party. Seiters was born in Osnabrück, Germany. From 1989 to 1991, he was Federal Minister for Special Affairs and the Head of the Office of the German Chancellery. From 1991 to 1993, he was the Minister of the Interior. From 1998 to 2002, he was the Vice President of the German Bundestag. In 2003, he was elected President of the German Red Cross. Los Olvidados Los Olvidados (, Spanish for "The Forgotten Ones"), known in the U.S. as The Young and the Damned, is a 1950 Mexican crime drama movie directed by Luis Buñuel and stars Alfonso Mejía, Stella Inda, Miguel Inclán, Roberto Cobo. It was Koch-Lorber Films. Pour le piano Pour le piano (For the piano) is a suite for solo piano by Claude Debussy. Debussy composed it in 1901. Three movements are part of the suite, a prélude, a sarabande and a toccata. Ricardo Viñes first played it at the Salle Érard on 11 January 1902. Maurice Ravel created a version for orchestra of the middle movement. The suite is regarded as Debussy's first mature piano composition. There are many recordings. History. Claude Debussy composed the three pieces in the suite at different times. The second movement, a sarabande, was composed in the winter of 1894. At that time it was part of the series of "Images oubliées" (forgotten images). It is dedicated to Yvonne Lerolle, the daughter of Henry Lerolle. Debussy composed did not compose much piano music during the 1890s and focused on opera and orchestral music. He finished the suite in 1901, revising Sarabande. He also dedicated the revised version of Sarabande, as well as the third movement, Toccata, to Yvonne Lerolle, now Mme E. Rouart. The suite was published in 1901 by Eugène Fromont. It was premiered on 11 January 1902 at the Salle Érard in Paris for the Société Nationale de Musique. Ricardo Viñes was the pianist, who knew about the suite from his friend Maurice Ravel. "Pour le piano" was a very important change in Debussy's creative development, who now switched to making piano music. On the 100th anniversary of Debussy's death, Bärenreiter published a critical edition of some of his piano music in 2018, including "Pour le piano". The publisher said that the "improvisational and fugitive" parts of Debussy's compositions were "governed by a precisely calibrated formal design" that left "little room for chance". Structure and music. "Pour le piano" has been regarded as Debussy's first mature piano work. The suite consists of three movements: The first movement, called Prélude, is marked "Assez animé et très rythmé" (With spirit and very rhythmically). It was dedicated to Debussy's student Mlle Worms de Romilly, who notes that the movement "tellingly evokes the gongs and music of Java". The pianist Angela Hewitt notes that Prélude begins with a theme in the bass, followed by a long pedal point passage. The theme is repeated in chords marked fortissimo, together with glissando runs that Debussy connected to "d’Artagnan drawing his sword". In a middle section, the left hand holds a pedal point in A-flat major, to which the right hand adds colours. The conclusion is marked "Tempo di cadenza", again with glissando-figures. Sarabande is marked "Avec une élégance grave et lente" (With a slow and solemn elegance). Debussy said it should be "rather like an old portrait in the Louvre". Émile Vuillermoz described Debussy's playing of the movement as "with the easy simplicity of a good dancer from the sixteenth century". Hewitt calls it "antique and modern at the same time". The movement has been regarded as "among the most intimate music for the keyboard", showing an affinity to Erik Satie such as his 1887 three dances called "Sarabandes". The last movement is a toccata, marked "Vif" (Lively). It has been described as "poised and energetic, extroverted and graceful" and shows influences from Scarlatti's sonatas. Hewitt notes about the virtuoso writing that speed alone wasn't Debussy's goal, but rather clarity. A reviewer described the suite as "possibly foreshadowing the neo-classical Debussy that emerged in his last years". Lothar de Maizière Lothar de Maizière (; born 2 March 1940) is a German Christian Democratic politician. In 1990, he was the only democratically elected Prime Minister of the German Democratic Republic. Friedrich Ebert Jr. Friedrich "Fritz" Ebert Jr. (12 September 1894 – 4 December 1979) was a German politician and East German communist official. He was the son of Germany's first President Friedrich Ebert. He was the 1st Lord Mayor of East Berlin. Günther Maleuda Günther Maleuda (20 January 1931 – 18 July 2012) was an East German politician. From 1989 to 1990 he was the President of the People's Chamber (East German Parliament). In 1994 he was elected as a (non-party) member of the Bundestag (German Parliament) on the PDS list. He stayed a member until 1998. Carl-Dieter Spranger Carl-Dieter "Asslöch" Spranger (born 28 March 1939) is a German politician. He is a member of the CSU. Spranger was born in Leipzig. From 1991 to 1998, he was Minister for Economic Cooperation and Development of Germany. Manfred Kanther Manfred Kanther (born 26 May 1939) is a German conservative politician. He was born in Schweidnitz, Silesia. He was Minister of the Interior of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1993 to 1998. He has been a member of the CDU. The End (1978 movie) The End is a 1978 American black comedy movie. It was directed by and starred Burt Reynolds, with Sally Field, Dom DeLuise, Strother Martin, David Steinberg, Joanne Woodward, Norman Fell, Carl Reiner, and Kristy McNichol also starring. It was distributed by United Artists. Edzard Schmidt-Jortzig Edzard Schmidt-Jortzig (born 8 October 1941) is a German jurist. He worked at University of Kiel. He is a member of the Free Democratic Party. He was German Federal Minister of Justice in the Cabinet Kohl V between 1996 and 1998. He was born in Berlin. Jochen Borchert Jochen Borchert (born 25 April 1940) is a German politician. He was born in Nahrstedt, Stendal. Borchert is a member of the CDU. He was Minister of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection in Chancellor Helmut Kohl's cabinet from 1993 to 1998. From 1980 to 2009 he has been a member of the Bundestag. Delano Lewis Delano Eugene Lewis (born November 12, 1938) is an American attorney, businessman, and diplomat. He was the United States Ambassador to South Africa from 1999 to 2001 during the Bill Clinton presidency. He had roles at the Peace Corps and National Public Radio. He is the father of actor Phill Lewis. Deparo High School Life. Lewis was born in Arkansas City, Kansas. Lewis went to Sumner High School, in Kansas City, Kansas, graduating in 1956. He graduated form the University of Kansas in 1960. Dakota Lil Dakota Lil is a 1950 American western movie. It is directed by Lesley Selander and stars George Montgomery, Rod Cameron, Marie Windsor, John Emery, Wallace Ford, Jack Lambert, and James Flavin. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Kanto Wanderer is a 1963 Japanese yakuza movie directed by Seijun Suzuki and starring Akira Kobayashi, Chieko Matsubara, Daizaburo Hirata, Toru Abe, Hiroko Itō. It was distributed by Nikkatsu. Ride a Crooked Trail Ride a Crooked Trail is a 1958 American romantic western movie directed by Jesse Hibbs and starring Audie Murphy, Walter Matthau, Gia Scala, Joanna Cook Moore, Henry Silva. It was distributed by Universal Pictures. The Outcasts of Poker Flat (1952 movie) The Outcasts of Poker Flat is a 1952 American western movie directed by Joseph M. Newman and based on the 1869 short story of the same name by Bert Harte. It stars Anne Baxter, Dale Robertson, Miriam Hopkins, Barbara Bates, Cameron Mitchell. Five Boys from Barska Street Five Boys from Barska Street () is a 1954 Polish drama movie directed by Aleksander Ford and based on the 1952 novel of the same name by Kazimierz Koźniewski. It stars Aleksandra Śląska, Tadeusz Janczar, Andrzej Kozak, Tadeusz Łomnicki, Ludwik Benoit. Broken Lance Broken Lance is a 1954 American western movie directed by Edward Dmytryk and based on the 1941 novel "I'll Never Go There Any More" by Jerome Weidman. Actors include Spencer Tracy, Robert Wagner, Jean Peters, Richard Widmark, Hugh O'Brian and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was nominated for 2 Academy Awards and winning one in 1955. Bluebeard (1972 movie) Bluebeard is a 1972 Italian German French horror movie directed by Edward Dmytryk and based on the 1697 folk tale of the same name by Charles Perrault. It stars Richard Burton, Raquel Welch, Joey Heatherton, Sybil Danning, Jean Lefebvre and was distributed by Cinerama Releasing Corporation. The Big Lift The Big Lift is a 1950 American drama movie set in Berlin, Germany directed by George Seaton. It stars Montgomery Clift, Paul Douglas, Cornell Borchers, Bruni Löbel and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Ayiroor Ayiroor (Ayroor) is a village in the Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state, India. The Pamba River flows on the southern side of the village, making the soil around the village very fertile. People. People of Ayiroor cultivate coconut, rubber, cocoa, tapioca, plantains, cinnamon, pepper, nutmeg, vanilla, rambutan,etc Religion. One of the highlights of Ayiroor is the "Cherukolpuzha Hindu Parishad", a religious festival that is held for a week in February. Snake boat races also attract people to the village. Enathu Enathu is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. Demographics. According to2011 Census, Enathu had a population of 20,540 people. Enathu Bailey bridge Enathu Bailey bridge was a Bailey bridge made by Indian Army through Kallada River in Enathu, Pathanamthitta district, Kerala. The bridge opened to the public on 10 April, 2017. The bridge is 54.50-metre-long 3.5 metres wide. In September 2017, the Indian Army dismantled the Bailey bridge, after the maintenance of Enathu Bridge was completed.. The Jackpot The Jackpot is a 1950 American comedy movie directed by Walter Lang and starring James Stewart, James Gleason, Barbara Hale, Fred Clark, Alan Mowbray, and Natalie Wood. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Malayala Manorama Malayala Manorama is a daily newspaper in Malayalam published from Kottayam, Kerala, India by the Malayala Manorama Company Limited. According to World Association of Newspapers, as of 2016, it was the fourteenth most circulated newspaper in the world. Night People (1954 movie) Night People is a 1954 American drama movie directed by Nunnally Johnson. It stars Gregory Peck, Broderick Crawford, Anita Bjork, Buddy Ebsen, and Walter Abel. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1955. The Adventures of Hajji Baba The Adventures of Hajji Baba is a 1954 American adventure movie directed by Don Weis and based on the 1824 novel "The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan" by James Justinian Morier. It stars John Derek, Elaine Stewart, Thomas Gomez, Rosemarie Bowe, Joanne Arnold and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. The Abominable Snowman (movie) The Abominable Snowman (U.S. title: The Abominable Snowman of the Himalayas) is a 1957 British fantasy horror movie directed by Val Guest and stars Peter Cushing, Forrest Tucker, Maureen Connell. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Exerion is a shooter video game made and published by Jaleco in 1983. Throne of Blood is a 1957 Japanese historical drama movie directed by Akira Kurosawa and based on the William Shakespeare's play "Macbeth". It stars Toshiro Mifune, Isuzu Yamada, Takashi Shimura, Akira Kubo, Kokuten Kōdō and was distributed by Toho. Pork Chop Hill Pork Chop Hill is a 1959 American Korean War drama movie directed by Lewis Milestone and based on the 1956 novel by S.L.A. Marshall. It stars Gregory Peck, Rip Torn, Woody Strode, George Peppard, George Shibata, Martin Landau, Barry Atwater, Abel Fernandez, Biff Elliot, Harry Dean Stanton. It was distributed by United Artists. It was a minor box office hit. Mayurbhanj district Mayurbhanj district is one of the 30 districts in Odisha, India. The main city is Baripada. Mayurbhanj has an area of . In 2011, there were 2,519,738 people living in Mayurbhanj district. Thue et Mue Thue et Mue is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Bretteville-l'Orgueilleuse (the seat), Brouay, Cheux, Le Mesnil-Patry, Putot-en-Bessin and Sainte-Croix-Grand-Tonne. Notre-Dame-d'Estrées-Corbon Notre-Dame-d'Estrées-Corbon is a commune in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2015 and consists of the former communes of Notre-Dame-d'Estrées (the seat) and Corbon. Castine-en-Plaine Castine-en-Plaine is a commune. It is found in the Normandy region in the Calvados department in northwestern France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2019 and consists of the former communes of Rocquancourt (the seat), Hubert-Folie and Tilly-la-Campagne. La Vespière-Friardel La Vespière-Friardel is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of La Vespière (the seat) and Friardel. Cabrespine Cabrespine is a commune of 176 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Cailhau Cailhau is a commune of 266 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Cailhavel Cailhavel is a commune of 132 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Cailla Cailla is a commune of 48 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Cambieure Cambieure is a commune of 304 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Campagna-de-Sault Campagna-de-Sault is a commune with 19 people living there in the year 2017. It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Campagne-sur-Aude Campagne-sur-Aude is a commune of 581 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Camplong-d'Aude Camplong-d'Aude is a commune of 367 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Camps-sur-l'Agly Camps-sur-l'Agly is a commune of 55 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Camurac Camurac is a commune of 98 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Canet, Aude Canet is a commune of 1,778 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Capendu Capendu is a commune of 1,468 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Carlipa Carlipa is a commune of 340 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Cascastel-des-Corbières Cascastel-des-Corbières is a commune of 221 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Gincla Gincla is a commune of 48 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Montferrand, Aude Montferrand is a commune of 565 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Sega AM2 , often abbreviated as Sega AM R&D No. 2 or Sega AM2 and known as , is a video game development division of the Japanese company Sega. It was founded by Yu Suzuki in 1985. Sega AM2 is best known for the "Hang On", "Out Run", "Virtua Fighter", "Daytona USA" and "Shenmue" series. AM2's first 3D game was "Virtua Racing". It was published in 1992. It was followed by "Virtua Fighter" and "Daytona USA". Space Station Processing Facility The Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) is a factory building at the Kennedy Space Center's industrial complex. It was built in 1994 to make parts for the International Space Station and test them for launch. Today, the SSPF is used to make and process all of NASA's future space station components, such as the Lunar Gateway and resupply vehicles for International Space Station. The building has a total floor area of 42,000 sq meters, is four stories high, and contains two enormous cleanrooms that serve as the main manufacturing bay. The building also has a ballroom for lectures, meetings and dinner events; office space for laboratories and computers; a canteen (with a restaurant and refreshment area), and several visitor areas. Tours are free (included in the KSC visitor complex bus tour), and show many areas of the factory. La Cassaigne La Cassaigne is a commune of 169 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Cassaignes Cassaignes is a commune of 56 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Villemagne Villemagne is a commune of 261 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Villeneuve-les-Corbières Villeneuve-les-Corbières is a commune. It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Caunette-sur-Lauquet Caunette-sur-Lauquet is a commune of 4 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Les Cassés Les Cassés is a commune of 295 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Castans Castans is a commune of 134 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Castelnau-d'Aude Castelnau-d'Aude is a commune of 491 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Castelreng Castelreng is a commune of 207 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Caudebronde Caudebronde is a commune of 189 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Pomy, Aude Pomy is a commune in Occitanie in the Aude department in south France. In 2017, 59 people lived there. Saint-Martin-de-Villereglan Saint-Martin-de-Villereglan is a commune of 363 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Caunettes-en-Val Caunettes-en-Val is a commune of 44 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Caux-et-Sauzens Caux-et-Sauzens is a commune of 979 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Cavanac Cavanac is a commune of 923 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Caves, Aude Caves is a commune of 875 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Conques-sur-Orbiel Conques-sur-Orbiel is a commune of 2,525 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in southern France. Le Clat Le Clat is a commune of 21 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Cazalrenoux Cazalrenoux is a commune of 91 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Counozouls Counozouls is a commune of 48 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Molleville Molleville is a commune of 130 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Fanjeaux Fanjeaux is a commune of 834 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse is a commune of 146 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Cenne-Monestiés Cenne-Monestiés is a commune of 401 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Cazilhac, Aude Cazilhac is a commune of 1,648 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Cépie Cépie is a commune of 646 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Chalabre Chalabre is a commune in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. In 2017, 1,118 people lived there. Citou Citou is a commune of 89 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Trèbes Trèbes is a commune. It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Lasserre-de-Prouille Lasserre-de-Prouille is a commune of 267 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Theodemer Theudemeres (thu du mers) was the king of the Franks in the Middle ages. Wairoa Wairoa is a small province in Northern Hawkes Bay, New Zealand. The population of Wairoa is 8680 as of the June 2018 Census. Other websites. Wairoa Government Official Website Clermont-sur-Lauquet Clermont-sur-Lauquet is a commune of 26 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. John Bryant (journalist) John Bryant "(1943 – 30 April 2020)" was a British journalist. He was the editor of "The Daily Telegraph" from 2005 to 2007. He was also was editor of "The European", editor of "The Sunday Correspondent", deputy editor of "The Times" and executive editor of the "Daily Mail". He helped create the London Marathon, with Chris Brasher. He was born in Haselbury Plucknett, Somerset, England. Bryant died on 30 April 2020 in Surrey, aged 76. Comus Comus is a commune of 43 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Conilhac-Corbières Conilhac-Corbières is a commune of 917 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Escueillens-et-Saint-Just-de-Bélengard Escueillens-et-Saint-Just-de-Bélengard is a commune of 156 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Coudons Coudons is a commune of 52 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Caunes-Minervois Caunes-Minervois is a commune of 1,654 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Colfax, Illinois Colfax is a village in Illinois in the United States. David City, Nebraska David City is a city in Nebraska in the United States. It is the county seat of Butler County. Oeschebüttel Oeschebüttel is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Cagayan Cagayan (; ; ; ) is a province of the Philippines in the Cagayan Valley region in the northeast of Luzon Island, and includes the Babuyan Islands to the north. The capital is Tuguegarao. Chung Hae-won Chung Hae-Won (, 1 July 1959 – 1 May 2020) was a South Korean football striker and coach. He scored two goals to give South Korea national football team a 2–1 win over North Korea national football team. He played for the national team in 1978 and again from 1980 to 1990. He also played for Busan IPark from 1983 to 1990. Chung died on 1 May 2020 of liver cancer in Seoul, aged 60. Alytus County Alytus County () is one of the 10 counties in Lithuania. The capital is the city of Alytus. Municipalities. The municipalities in Alytus County are: Augustine Mahiga Augustine Philip Mahiga (28 August 1945 – 1 May 2020) was a Tanzanian CCM politician. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Tanzania from 2015 to 2019. He was the Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 2003 to 2010. He was born in Dar es Salaam, Tanganyika. Mahiga died on 1 May 2020 in Dodoma, Tanzania from COVID-19, aged 74. Utena County Utena County () is one of the 10 counties in Lithuania. The capital is Utena. Municipalities. There are six municipalities: Benjamín Moreno Benjamín Moreno (17 April 1955 – 1 May 2020), known simply as Moreno, was a Spanish footballer. He played as striker. From 1980 to 1985, he played for CD Leganés. Moreno was born in Guarromán, Spain. Moreno died in Madrid of heart failure on 1 May 2020, aged 55. In a Lonely Place In a Lonely Place is a 1950 American romantic drama movie directed by Nicholas Ray and based on the 1947 novel of the same name by Dorothy B. Hughes. It stars Humphrey Bogart, Gloria Grahame, Frank Lovejoy, Martha Stewart, Robert Warwick and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. RNA vaccine Messenger RNA vaccines or mRNA vaccines is a type of vaccine that protects the body from certain viruses. Like all vaccines, mRNA vaccines increase the body's immunity so the patient is less likely to catch an infectious disease. How mRNA vaccines work. Almost all cells make and use their own mRNA. They use it to make proteins. Each mRNA is like a blueprint or recipe for one kind of protein. Most vaccines work by taking something from a harmful germ and putting it inside the patient's body without any parts of the germ that cause harm. Then the patient's own cells learn to identify the germ using its other parts. Then, if a living germ ever attacks the body, the patient's cells fight it off without having to learn what it is first. Some vaccines do this by putting a dead, weak germ inside the patient's body. Other vaccines do this by putting lots of proteins that the germ makes inside the body but not any germs themselves. mRNA vaccines work by putting mRNA inside the body instead of protein. Then the body uses the mRNA to make protein itself. mRNA vaccines can be injected into the skin or muscle with a needle. Some mRNA vaccines can be inhaled into the patient's nose. Anti-cancer mRNA vaccines can be injected into the tumor. Safety. Scientists think mRNA vaccines are safer than other vaccines because it is easy to make only the mRNA that makes the germ's proteins and easy to leave out the part of the mRNA that makes the harmful parts of the germ. This way, the mRNA does not make whole germs inside the body. Some proteins can be harmful to the body, but mRNA itself is not. Invention. The first mRNA vaccine was used in mice around 1990 but it was a long time before large numbers of scientists started to work making mRNA vaccines. The first mRNA vaccines used on people were made to work against cancer in the late 1990s. Doctors found out which proteins only tumor cells make and used mRNA for those proteins as a vaccine so the patient's own immune systems would kill some of the tumor cells. Harriet Craig Harriet Craig is a 1950 American film noir drama movie directed by Vincent Sherman and based on the 1925 play "Craig's Wife" by George Kelly. It stars Joan Crawford, Wendell Corey, Allyn Joslyn, Lucile Watson and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. Carl Værnet Carl Vaernet (born: April 28, 1893 in Copenhagen, Denmark, died on November 25, 1965, Buenos Aires, Argentina) was a doctor in the Buchenwald concentration camp. He is infamous for doing barbaric medical experiments on gay prisoners. The these crimes were hidden from history for over 50 years. With help from the British military, he was not put on trial at Nuremburg. He escaped to Argentina where he is known to have lived openly until his death in 1965. The Marrying Kind The Marrying Kind is a 1952 American comedy drama movie directed by George Cukor and starring Judy Holliday, Aldo Ray, Ruth Gordon, Charles Bronson, Frank Ferguson, Madge Kennedy. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures. Astarte Astarte (Ashtoreth, also spelled Athtart, Ashtoreth, or Ashtart) is the Queen of Heaven to whom the Canaanites burned offerings and poured libations (Jeremiah 44). Astarte, goddess of war and sexual love, shared so many qualities with her sister, Anath, that they may originally have been seen as a single deity. Their names together are the basis for the Aramaic goddess Atargatis. Astarte was a great goddess of the ancient Middle East and chief deity of Tyre, Sidon, and Elat, important Mediterranean seaports. Hebrew scholars now feel that the goddess Ashtoreth mentioned so often in the Bible is a deliberate conflation of the Greek name Astarte and the Hebrew word "boshet", “shame,” indicating the Hebrews’ contempt for her cult. Ashtaroth, the plural form of the goddess’s name in Hebrew, became a general term denoting goddesses and paganism. Astarte was worshiped in Egypt and Ugarit and among the Hittites, as well as in Canaan. Her Akkadian counterpart was Ishtar. Later she became assimilated with the Egyptian deities Isis and Hathor (a goddess of the sky and of women), and in the Greco-Roman world with Aphrodite, Artemis, and Juno. Astarte is a Semitic queen, and sister of Isis. Young Jesse James Young Jesse James is 1960 American western movie directed by William F. Claxton and stars Ray Stricklyn, Merry Anders, Robert Dix, Emile Meyer, Willard Parker, Rayford Barnes, Tyler McVey. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Manu Gavassi Manoela Latini Gavassi Francisco (born January 4, 1993) is an Brazilain Singer, songwriter, actress, writer and directora Cymose Cymose inflorescence (cyme) is a type of flowering shoot. The first inflorescence develops from the growing region at the top of the flower stalk. The younger shoots flower on the sides. Hell and High Water (movie) Hell and High Water is a 1954 American Cold War drama movie directed by Samuel Fuller and stars Richard Widmark, Bella Darvi, Victor Francen, Cameron Mitchell, David Wayne. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1955. The Gunfighter The Gunfighter is a 1950 American western movie directed by Henry King and stars Gregory Peck, Karl Malden, Helen Westcott, Jean Parker, Millard Mitchell, Richard Jaeckel, Ellen Corby. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1951. The Eagle and the Hawk The Eagle and the Hawk is a 1950 American western movie directed by Lewis R. Foster and stars John Payne, Rhonda Fleming, Dennis O'Keefe, Thomas Gomez, Fred Clark. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures. 2008 United States presidential election in Texas The 2008 United States presidential election in Texas occurred on November 4 2008 as part of, that year's national election. John McCain won the election, winning the state's 34 electoral votes. 2008 United States presidential election in North Carolina The 2008 United States presidential election in North Carolina took place as part of that year's national presidential election. This election took place on November 4, 2008. Barack Obama won, becoming the first Democrat to win North Carolina since Jimmy Carter in 1976. Obama was very narrowly elected, winning 49.7% of the vote. John McCain received 49.38% of the vote. Under the Yum Yum Tree Under the Yum Yum Tree is a 1963 American romantic comedy movie directed by David Swift and based on the play of the same name by Lawrence Roman. It stars Jack Lemmon, Carol Lynley, Dean Jones, Edie Adams, Paul Lynde, Joy Harmon, Bill Bixby and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. The Yellow Rolls-Royce The Yellow Rolls-Royce is a 1964 British romantic comedy drama movie directed by Anthony Asquith and stars Rex Harrison, Shirley MacLaine, Omar Sharif, Ingrid Bergman, George C. Scott, Jeanne Moreau, Art Carney, Edmund Purdom, Roland Culver, Riccardo Garrone. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was nominated for 2 BAFTAS. Kaunas County Kaunas County is one of the ten counties of Lithuania. The capital city is Kaunas. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was ended. Municipalities. The county is divided into municipalities: Klaipėda County Klaipėda County is one of the ten counties in Lithuania. The capital city is also named Klaipėda. It is the only county to have a coastline. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was ended. Municipalities. There are seven municipalities: Marijampolė County Marijampolė County is one of the ten counties in Lithuania. The capital is Marijampolė. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was ended. Municipalities. Municipalities are: Night Without Sleep Night Without Sleep is a 1952 American mystery thriller movie directed by Roy Ward Baker and starring Gary Merrill, Linda Darnell, Hildegarde Neff, Hugh Beaumont. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Panevėžys County Panevėžys County is one of the ten counties in Lithuania. The capital city is Panevėžys. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was ended. Municipalities. Panevėžys County has the following municipalities: Šiauliai County Šiauliai County is one of the ten counties in Lithuania. Its capital is Šiauliai. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was ended. Municipalities. Municipalities are: Tauragė County Tauragė County is one of the ten counties in Lithuania. Its capital is Tauragė. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was ended. Pal Joey Pal Joey is a 1957 American musical movie directed by George Sidney and based on the 1940 play of the same name by John O'Hara. It stars Frank Sinatra, Rita Hayworth, Kim Novak, Bobby Sherwood, Barbara Nichols and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. It was nominated for 4 Academy Awards in 1958. The Queen of Babylon La cortigiana di Babilonia (English title: "Queen of Babylon") is a 1954 Italian action drama movie directed by Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia and starring Rhonda Fleming, Ricardo Montalbán, Roldano Lupi, Carlo Ninchi, Tamara Lees. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Telšiai County Telšiai County is one of ten counties in Lithuania. The capital city is Telšiai. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was ended. Municipalities. Municipalities are: Stagecoach to Fury Stagecoach to Fury is a 1956 American western movie directed by William F. Claxton and starring Forrest Tucker, Mari Blanchard, Wallace Ford, Paul Fix, Wright King, Ellen Corby, Rayford Barnes. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Vilnius County Vilnius County is one of 10 counties in Lithuania. The capital city is Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was ended. Municipalities. Municipalities are: Erathu Erathu is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India. Demographics. Malayalam is the native language of Erathu. India census, Erathu had a population of 23296 with 11246 males and 12050 females. Boundaries. East- Ezhamkulam Panchayat and Adoor Municipality West- Kadampanad Panchayat and Pallickal Panchayat North- Pallickal Panchayat and Adoor Municipality South- Ezhamkulam Panchayat and Kadampanad Panchayat Wards. As of now Erathu consists of 17 wards. The number of wards have been increased over the years according to the increase in population though there was no increase in the land area. Politics. Erathu is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Climate. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Eraviperoor Eraviperoor is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. Demographics. India census, Eraviperoor had a population of 26,038 with 12,324 males and 13,714 females. The War Wagon The War Wagon is a 1967 American western movie directed by Burt Kennedy and based on the novel of the same name by Clair Huffaker. It stars John Wayne, Kirk Douglas, Howard Keel, Keenan Wynn, Bruce Dern, Bruce Cabot, Hal Needham and distributed by Universal Pictures. Erumakkadu Erumakkadu is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India. Demographics. Malayalam is the native language of Erumakkadu. Politics. Erumakkadu is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Climate. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Ezhamkulam Ezhamkulam is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. It is located about 5 km from central Adoor. Culture. Ezhamkulam is famous for the Ezhamkulam Devi Temple. Demographics. At the 2001 India census, Ezhamkulam had a population of 18,884 with 9,017 males and 9,867 females. Ezhumattoor Ezhumattoor is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. Demographics. India census, Ezhumattoor had a population of 11,423 with 5,540 males and 5,883 females. Economy. The main occupation of people is farming. The major crops are coconut, tapioca and pepper. Gavi Gavi is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. it is famous for its biodiversity and rain forests. Plants and animals. Gavi is consisting of evergreen forests. There are somany animals such as tiger, elephants, leopards, bears, Indian gaur, sambar, barking and mouse deers, lion tailed macaque, Nilgiri langur, Nilgiri marten, Malabar giant squirrel and more than 250 species of birds can be seen there. Climate. Summer: February–April, daytime temperatures up to 28 °C. but can drop to 20 °C at night. Monsoon: June–August, daytime temperatures up to 25 °C but can drop to 10 °C at night. Iravon Iravon is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India. Demographics. Malayalam is the native language of Iravon. Politics. Iravon is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Climate. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). The Quiet Man The Quiet Man is a 1952 American romantic comedy drama movie directed by John Ford and based on the 1933 short story of the same name by Maurice Walsh. It stars John Wayne, Maureen O'Hara, Barry Fitzgerald, Ward Bond, Victor McLaglen, Eileen Crowe, Mildred Natwick, Jack MacGowran and was distributed by Warner Bros.. It was nominated for 7 Oscars and won 2 at the Academy Awards in 1953. Prescription for Murder Prescription for Murder, also known as Rx Murder, is a 1958 American British crime movie directed by Derek Twist and based on the 1955 novel "The Deeds of Dr. Deadcert" by Joan Fleming. It stars Rick Jason, Lisa Gastoni, Marius Goring, Vida Hope, Nicholas Hannen, Frederick Leister, Patrick Waddington and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Blood Beach Blood Beach is a 1980 American horror movie directed by Jeffrey Bloom and starring David Huffman, Marianna Hill, Otis Young, Burt Young, John Saxon. Samuel Rivera Samuel Rivera (1946 – May 1, 2020) was an American politician and criminal. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was Mayor of Passaic, New Jersey from 2001 until 2008. On September 6, 2007, Rivera was indicted and arrested on charges of accepting bribes. Rivera pleaded guilty to attempted extortion and resigned. He was sentenced to 21 months in prison. Rivera died on May 1, 2020 of problems caused by multiple strokes, aged 73. The Zodiac Killer The Zodiac Killer is a 1971 American thriller movie directed by Tom Hanson and stars Hal Reed, Bob Jones, Ray Lynch, Tom Pittman. Ludwig (movie) Ludwig is a 1973 Italian French German biographical drama movie directed by Luchino Visconti and starring Helmut Berger, Romy Schneider, Trevor Howard, Silvana Mangano, Gert Fröbe, Helmut Griem, John Moulder-Brown, Heinz Moog. Natalie Harrowell Natalie Harrowell (9 February 1990 – 10 December 2019) was an English rugby league player who played in the first-ever Women's Super League Grand Final in 2017. Harrowell played for Featherstone Rovers and was regarded as a "key member of the women's club team", she also held 3 caps for England Rugby League. She was admitted to the hospital with a virus and died during December 2019. That Cold Day in the Park That Cold Day in the Park is a 1969 Canadian suspense drama movie directed by Robert Altman and based on novel of the same name by Peter Miles. It stars Sandy Dennis, Michael Burns, Linda Sorenson, Susanne Benton, Luana Anders, Michael Murphy. Thief (movie) Thief is a 1981 crime thriller movie directed by Michael Mann and based on the 1975 novel "" by Frank Hohimer. It stars James Caan, Tuesday Weld, Willie Nelson, James Belushi, Robert Prosky, William Petersen and was distributed by United Artists. Travels with My Aunt (movie) Travels with My Aunt is a 1972 American adventure comedy movie directed by George Cukor and based on the 1969 novel of the same name by Graham Greene. It stars Maggie Smith, Alec McCowen, Louis Gossett Jr., Cindy Williams, Robert Flemyng and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was nominated for 4 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1973. Bashu, the Little Stranger Bashu, the Little Stranger () is a 1986 Iranian drama movie directed by Bahram Beizai and starring Susan Taslimi, Parviz Poorhosseini. It was considered at the best film of the 1980's in Iranian cinema. Zealot The Zealots were a group of Jews who lived about the same time as Jesus. The wanted to defeat the Romans, who were the rulers of Palestine at that time. They used violence to meet their goals. One of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus, named Simon, was a Zealot. The word "zealot" (not written with a capital letter) in modern English is used for any person who has a very strong idea about things and works hard to act upon their ideas. There are political and religious zealots but people can be "zealous" about other things also. Operation Crossbow Operation Crossbow later re-released as "The Great Spy Mission" is a 1965 British World War II thriller movie directed by Michael Anderson and starring Sophia Loren, George Peppard, Trevor Howard, John Mills, Jeremy Kemp, Anthony Quayle, Tom Courtenay, Sylvia Syms, Maurice Denham, Richard Todd, Allan Cuthbertson. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Economic regions of Azerbaijan Politically, Azerbaijan is divided into these economic regions: Comigne Comigne is a commune of 305 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Cruscades Cruscades is a commune of 926 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Couffoulens Couffoulens is a commune of 601 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Coursan Coursan is a commune of 5,908 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Cournanel Cournanel is a commune of 714 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Courtauly Courtauly is a commune of 73 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. La Courtète La Courtète is a commune of 45 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Coustaussa Coustaussa is a commune of 52 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. It has a ruined castle. Corbières, Aude Corbières is a commune of 27 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Couiza Couiza is a commune of 1,111 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Coustouge Coustouge is a commune of 121 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Cubières-sur-Cinoble Cubières-sur-Cinoble is a commune of 96 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Cucugnan Cucugnan is a commune of 123 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. The small village lies in a valley in the Corbières Massif, overlooked by the ruined Château de Quéribus. Cumiès Cumiès is a commune of 36 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Cuxac-Cabardès Cuxac-Cabardès is a commune of 911 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Cuxac-d'Aude Cuxac-d'Aude is a commune of 4,030 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Davejean Davejean is a commune of 117 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Dernacueillette Dernacueillette is a commune of 41 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. La Digne-d'Amont La Digne-d'Amont is a commune of 287 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Rourkela Rourkela is a district in Odisha. La Digne-d'Aval La Digne-d'Aval is a commune of 536 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Donazac Donazac is a commune of 109 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Douzens Douzens is a commune of 733 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Durban-Corbières Durban-Corbières is a commune of 649 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Embres-et-Castelmaure Embres-et-Castelmaure is a commune of 152 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Villardonnel Villardonnel is a commune of 498 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Escouloubre Escouloubre is a commune of 73 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Espéraza Espéraza is a commune of 1,870 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Espezel Espezel is a commune of 206 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. La Fajolle La Fajolle is a commune of 11 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Fenouillet-du-Razès Fenouillet-du-Razès is a commune of 85 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Kadakkad Kadakkad is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. Kadammanitta Kadammanitta is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India. Demographics. Malayalam is the native language of Kadammanitta. Politics. Kadammanitta is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Climate. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Kadampanad Kadampanad is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. Origin of the name. The name Kadampanad might have been formed from the word " khada nadu". There is also a belief that this place was occupied by Kadampa dynasty kings and hence the name Kadampanad was derived. Demographics. According to 2011 census, Kadampanad has a population of 26839 with 12769 males and 14070 females. The literacy rate as per the census data is 92.2% Kadapra Kadapra is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state, India. Languages. Malayalam is the native language of Kadapra. Politics. Kadapra is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Weather. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Great Commission The Great Commission in Christian belief is something that Jesus told his followers. This happened after His resurrection. Jesus told his Twelve Apostles to go all over the world and tell everyone about Him. The most well known version of the Great Commission is in Matthew 28:16 to 20. Jesus meets his followers on a mountain in Galilee. He tells them to make disciples of and baptize everyone in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Earlier Jesus had sent out 70 of his followers to preach and heal, but only to the Jews. However, Jesus himself had healed some non-Jewish people before. At the beginning of his public work, Jesus spoke to His own people. After rising from the dead, he made it clear that His message was for everyone. This "commission" is very important to missionaries who believe that God wants them to go to every country in the world and preach about Jesus. Montillières-sur-Orne Montillières-sur-Orne is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2019 and consists of the former communes of Trois-Monts (the seat) and Goupillières. Noues de Sienne Noues de Sienne is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Saint-Sever-Calvados (the seat), Champ-du-Boult, Courson, Fontenermont, Le Gast, Le Mesnil-Benoist, Le Mesnil-Caussois, Mesnil-Clinchamps, Saint-Manvieu-Bocage and Sept-Frères. Noyers-Missy Noyers-Missy was a short-lived commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Noyers-Bocage (the seat) and Missy. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Val d'Arry. Laize-Clinchamps Laize-Clinchamps is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Laize-la-Ville (the seat) and Clinchamps-sur-Orne. Moulins en Bessin Moulins en Bessin is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Martragny (the seat), Coulombs, Cully and Rucqueville. Colomby-Anguerny Colomby-Anguerny is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Anguerny (the seat) and Colomby-sur-Thaon. Ferran Ferran is a commune of 111 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Festes-et-Saint-André Festes-et-Saint-André is a commune of 206 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Fontanès-de-Sault Fontanès-de-Sault is a commune of 5 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Fabrezan Fabrezan is a commune of 1,291 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Fourtou Fourtou is a commune of 73 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Fajac-en-Val Fajac-en-Val is a commune of 38 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Terroles Terroles is a commune of 17 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Saint-Julia-de-Bec Saint-Julia-de-Bec is a commune of 104 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Gaja-et-Villedieu Gaja-et-Villedieu is a commune of 292 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Galinagues Galinagues is a commune of 35 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Marsa, Aude Marsa is a commune of 18 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Gardie, Aude Gardie is a commune of 121 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Gramazie Gramazie is a commune of 117 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Ginoles Ginoles is a commune of 303 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Miracles of Jesus The miracles of Jesus are things the Bible and Qur'an say that Jesus did, that a person normally cannot do. Followers of those religions say, that Jesus did those things by the power of God. The Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke record many of these stories. The most common ones are healing people who are sick, blind, lame or deaf. In many cases, the sicknesses or other problems are said to be caused by demons. Jesus said, that he had power over the demons, and so He could stop their evil work. The enemies of Jesus told him to do miracles to show, that He had supernatural power, but He refused. However, for his followers, he did several miracles that showed His power. These included stopping a storm in the sea, walking on water and making a tree die. In Islam, Jesus is said to have spoken from his cradle, made a clay bird come alive, and brought down from heaven a table full of food. Both the Qur'an and the Christian New Testament say, that Jesus brought some dead people back to life. In the Gospel of John, only seven miracles are mentioned. John calls them "signs". Their purpose was to teach something about the power of Jesus, not just to help people. Two of the greatest miracles recorded are the Virgin birth of Jesus and the resurrection. The Qur'an also mentions the Virgin birth, but not the resurrection. Throughout history, many Christians have said that they have been healed by Jesus. Roman Catholic believers have many such stories. Some places, such as Lourdes, are places where sick people go to be healed by Jesus. Other Christians say that Jesus has healed them or done other miracles at large Christian meetings. Other Christians think that Jesus only did such things when he was on Earth. They do not believe that such miracles happen today. Tumbleweed Several plant species that grow in arid, steppe-like environments use the wind to propagate. The structure that is pushed by the wind is usually called tumbleweed. This structure will detatch from its root or stem and will roll on the ground. In most such species, the tumbleweed consists of the whole plant apart from the root system. Sometimes, only a hollow fruit or inflorescence detaches. Tumbleweed species occur most commonly in steppe and arid ecosystems, where frequent wind and the open environment permit rolling easly. Most tissues of the tumbleweed structure are dead. This needs to be the case, because the structure needs to degrade and fall apart so that its seeds or spores can escape during the tumbling. Sometimes they germinate after the tumbleweed has come to rest in a wet location. In this case, many species of tumbleweed open mechanically, releasing their seeds as they swell when they absorb water. The tumbleweed diaspore disperses seeds. This stategy is not limited to the seed plants; some species of spore-bearing cryptogams—such as "Selaginella"—form tumbleweeds, and some fungi that resemble puffballs dry out, break free of their attachments and are similarly tumbled by the wind, dispersing spores as they go. Greffeil Greffeil is a commune of 79 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Granès Granès is a commune of 97 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Hounoux Hounoux is a commune of 136 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Joucou Joucou is a commune of 35 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Fonters-du-Razès Fonters-du-Razès is a commune of 79 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Ferrals-les-Corbières Ferrals-les-Corbières is a commune of 1,192 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Ladern-sur-Lauquet Ladern-sur-Lauquet is a commune of 266 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Lauraguel Lauraguel is a commune of 609 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Lignairolles Lignairolles is a commune of 43 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Loupia Loupia is a commune of 240 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Oliver Ortmann Oliver Ortmann (born 11 June 1967) is a German pool player from Gelsenkirchen. Ortmann is a three-time world champion, winning the 1995 WPA World Nine-ball Championship and both the 2007 and 2010 Straight pool world championships. With 14 wins, he is one of the best players at the European Pool Championships. Ortmann is the second to Ralf Souquet on the Euro Tour, winning 14 events. Ortmann was the first player from Europe to win the U.S. Open Straight Pool Championship, in 1989. He has been on Europe's team 8 times in the Mosconi Cup from 1994 to 2004. He was on the winning side in 1995 and 2002. With 44 German national medals, Ortmann is one of the best German pool players ever. In 1996, he was the first cue sports player to receive the Silbernes Lorbeerblatt, the highest sporting award given in Germany. Ortmann was put into the Straight Pool Hall of Fame in an August 2013 ceremony in New York City. The following year, he was entered into the Billiard Congress of America's Hall of Fame. Career. Early career. Ortmann was born and raised in Gelsenkirchen, Germany. At age six he began playing on a pool table in his parents' restaurant. Ortmann won his first event in 1985 at age 17 (the 8-Ball Junior European championships), defeating Sweden's Per Anda in the final. The following year he won his first German national championship (the straight pool championship), after meeting Thomas Engert in the final. Ortmann studied in Munich to become an electronics technician, and at age 20 he became the manager of a billiard centre with 80 pool and billiard tables. He was the first player from Europe to win the U.S. Open Straight Pool Championship in 1989. He won the event despite it being his first trip outside of Europe. As an unknown player, Ortmann defeated Steve Mizerak in the final. Ortmann also won his first of many adult European Pool Championship events that year, beating Waldemar Markert in the straight-pool final. Professional career (1993–2010). He entered his first Euro Tour event in 1993 and finished second at that year's German Open. He also won the following events in Austria and Hungary. Ortmann won his second US championship later that year, again in straight pool. He won five Euro Tour events the following year, and finished second twice. During the nine-event season he went to the finals seven times. He won his first world championship (the 1995 WPA World Nine-ball Championship), playing Dallas West in the final. In 1996, Ortmann was the first cue-sports player to receive the Silbernes Lorbeerblatt. Ortmann won the winner-take-all International Challenge of Champions event in 1997. He was second place two years later, losing the final to Francisco Bustamante. In 2000, however, Ortmann beat Bustamante in the final for his second championship. In 2004, Ortmann made a business called Ortmann Billiards, which makes pool products. Ortmann Billiards also makes air hockey, darts and poker supplies. Ortmann reached the final of the 2004 World Pool Masters, but was defeated 6–8 by Thomas Engert. Two years later, he joined the International Pool Tour and continued competing in events sanctioned by other organizations. Ortmann won the 2007 World Pool-Billiard Association World Straight Pool Championship, defeating Danny Barouty 200–56, Dennis Orcollo 200–7, and Danny Harriman 200–123 to reach the final. There, he defeated Huidji See 200–171 for his second world championship. Ortmann made the tournament's third-highest , a 131. He also played in the 2007 World Pool Masters, defeating Naoyuki Ōi 8–3 in the first round before losing 3–8 in the quarter-finals to David Alcaide. Ortmann reached the quarter-finals of the 2008 world straight pool championship (which he won the previous year) before losing to Jasmin Ouschan 133–200. He progressed to the semi-finals the following year, defeating Earl Herring and Jonni Fulcher before losing to Mika Immonen. Ortmann won his third world championship in 2010, defeating Immonen in the straight-pool final. Since the straight-pool tournament (also known as the World Tournament) is no longer sanctioned by the WPA, Ortmann remains the last official world straight-pool champion. He is the second player to win three world championships, after Earl Strickland (who won the nine-ball championship in 1990, 1991 and 2002). Later career (2010–present). Ortmann reached the semifinals of the 2010 World Pool Masters in May of that year by defeating Darren Appleton, Thorsten Hohmann and Thomas Engert before losing 3–8 to Toru Kuribayashi. He entered the 2011 WPA World Eight-ball Championship and defeated Mika Immonen 7–2 in the double-elimination round before losing in the round of 32 to Ronato Alcano. Ortmann defeated in the first knockout round, followed by Nick van den Berg and Li Hewen, before losing to eventual champion Chang Jung-Lin the following year. His Euro Tour wins include the 2009 Netherlands Open. This victory, Ortmann's 14th on the tour, placed him second on the all-time list of winners behind Ralf Souquet (23). He has reached the semi-finals of a tour event 35 times, with 8 second-place finishes. Ortmann was inducted into the Straight Pool Hall of Fameduring a ceremony in New York City in August 2013. Two years earlier, he said: "It would be a great honor for me to be one day inducted into the Straight Pool Hall of Fame with the greatest players in straight pool." In 2014, Ortmann was inducted into the Billiard Congress of America's Hall of Fame with Charles Ursitti. He is a three-time European player of the year, receiving the award in 1990, 1993, and 1996. Team events. Ortmann first represented Europe at the Mosconi Cup in the first competition in 1994 with the USA winning 16–12. The following year, Ortmann competed in the Continent's first win, and Ortmann was also on the winning side in 2002. The 2002 victory with Ortmann was described by six-time snooker world champion Steve Davis as "one of the best moments of my career". Ortmann competed in the team on eight occasions (1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2004), and was the non-playing captain in 2003. Ortmann's eight appearances is the fifth most of any European player. At the World Cup of Pool, Ortmann has represented Germany three times. He and Thomas Engert reached the 2006 semifinals, losing to eventual winners Efren Reyes and Francisco Bustamante of the Philippines. In 2007, Ortmann and Christian Reimering lost in the first round to Singapore's Chan Keng Kwang and Toh Lian Han. He and Ralf Souquet reached the 2010 semifinals, where they were defeated by eventual winners Li Hewen and Fu Jianbo of China. Ortmann appeared at the World Team Championship in 2010 and 2012, reaching the quarter-finals in 2010. Félines-Termenès Félines-Termenès is a commune of 117 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Luc-sur-Aude Luc-sur-Aude is a commune of 246 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Dialan sur Chaîne Dialan sur Chaîne is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Jurques (the seat) and Le Mesnil-Auzouf. Pecos, Texas Pecos is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Amou, Landes Amou is a commune of 1,540 people (2017). It is in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Landes department in the southwest of France. Bassemberg Bassemberg is a French commune. It is in the Bas-Rhin department. Open Season (1974 movie) Open Season is a 1974 British Spanish thriller movie. It was directed by Peter Collinson. It is based on the book by David Osborn. Actors include Peter Fonda, Cornelia Sharpe, John Phillip Law, Alberto de Mendoza, and William Holden. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures. Dirty Mary, Crazy Larry Dirty Mary, Crazy Larry is a 1974 American action movie. It was directed by John Hough. The movie is based on the 1963 book "The Chase" by Richard Unekis. Actors include Peter Fonda, Susan George, Adam Roarke, Vic Morrow, and Kenneth Tobey. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Golden birdwing The golden birdwing ("Troides aeacus") is a large tropical butterfly. It belongs in the family Papilionidae. It is found in Northeastern India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Burma, China, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Taiwan, Cambodia, peninsular Malaysia and Indonesia. Hustle (1975 movie) Hustle is a 1975 American crime movie. It was directed by Robert Aldrich. Actors include Burt Reynolds, Catherine Deneuve, Paul Winfield, Eddie Albert, Ernest Borgnine, Eileen Brennan, and Ben Johnson. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures. Vincent van der Burg Vincent Arthur Maria van der Burg (17 April 1945 – 29 April 2020) was a Dutch lawyer and politician. Van der Burg was born in Zeist. He was a member of the KVP, later changed into CDA. He was a member of Dutch House of Representatives from 1979 to 1998 (with interruptions in 1981 and 1982). Van den Burg died in Zeist on 29 April 2020, aged 75. Take a Hard Ride Take a Hard Ride is a 1975 Italian American western movie. It was directed by Antonio Margheriti. Actors include Jim Brown, Lee Van Cleef, Fred Williamson, Jim Kelly, Dana Andrews, Barry Sullivan, Robert Donner, and Harry Carey, Jr. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Jan-Olof Strandberg Jan-Olof Strandberg (9 September 1926 – 2 May 2020) was a Swedish actor. He appeared in 45 movies, beginning in 1947. His best known stage role was as Vladimir in Samuel Beckett's "Waiting for Godot". He appeared in Erland Josephson's play "Blomsterplockarna ("The Flower Pickers")" at Dramaten. His best known movie roles were in "Wild Birds" (1955), "Last Pair Out" (1956), "Ön" (1966), "Varning för Jönssonligan" (1981), "Flight of the Eagle" (1982), "Resan till Melonia" (1989) and "Faithless" (2000). Strandberg was born in Stockholm. He died on 2 May 2020, aged 93. Ajay Kumar Tripathi Ajay Kumar Tripathi (12 November 1957 – 2 May 2020) was an Indian judge. He was a Judicial Member of Lokpal from 23 March 2019 until his death. He was also the Chief Justice of Chhattisgarh High Court from 7 July 2018 to 22 March 2019. Tripathi was born in Bihar. On 5 April 2020, Tripathi was diagnosed with COVID-19. He died in New Delhi on 2 May 2020 from the infection, aged 62. Roger Horchow Samuel Roger Horchow (July 3, 1928 – May 2, 2020) was an American theatre producer and businessman. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1992, he produced his first Broadway show, "Crazy for You", for which he won the Tony Award for Best Musical. He also produced versions of "Kiss Me, Kate", "Curtains" and "Gypsy". Horchow died in Dallas, Texas on May 2, 2020 of cancer, aged 91. The Quiet Gun The Quiet Gun is a 1957 American western movie. It was directed by William F. Claxton. The movie is based on the 1955 book "Lawman" by Lauran Paine. Actors include Forrest Tucker, Mara Corday, Jim Davis, Lee Van Cleef, and Kathleen Crowley. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Parliament of Catalonia The Parliament of Catalonia (, ; ; ) is the unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Catalonia. It is made-up of 135 deputies ("diputats"/"deputats"/"diputados"), who are elected every four years. The Parliament building is located in Ciutadella Park, Barcelona. The most recent parliamentary elections were held on 21 December 2017. October 1st independence referendum results, the Parliament of Catalonia declared independence from Spain on 27 October 2017 with a vote of 70–10. In response, Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy dissolved the Parliament and called for a snap regional election. África Lorente Castillo África Lorente Castillo (16 October 1954 – 1 May 2020) was a Moroccan-born Spanish politician and activist. She was born in Tangier, Morocco. She was a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. Lorente Castillo was a supporter of Catalan independence. Life. She was born in the Spanish protectorate in Morocco. Her parents were from Ceutí. She was a teacher, and member of the Catalan Federation of the PSOE. She was a member of the Catalan Parliament from 1984 to 1988. From 1987 to 2003, she was Deputy Mayor of Castelldefels. Lorente Castillo died of COVID-19 on 1 May 2020 in Castelldefels, aged 65. No Down Payment No Down Payment is a 1957 American drama movie. It was directed by Martin Ritt. The movie is based on the book of the same name by John McPartland. Actors include Joanne Woodward, Sheree North, Tony Randall, Jeffrey Hunter, Cameron Mitchell, and Barbara Rush. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Castelldefels Castelldefels () is a city in the Baix Llobregat comarca, in the province of Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain, and part of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. Its population was 65,954 in 2017. 8 Million Ways to Die 8 Million Ways to Die is a 1986 American crime thriller movie. It was directed by Hal Ashby and produced by Oliver Stone. The movie is based on the book of the same name by Lawrence Block. Actors include Jeff Bridges, Andy Garcia, Rosanna Arquette, James Avery, Randy Brooks, and Alexandra Paul. It was distributed by TriStar Pictures. The Enemy Below The Enemy Below is a 1957 American World War II adventure movie. It was directed by Dick Powell. The movie is based on the book of the same name by Denys Rayner. It stars Robert Mitchum, Curt Jürgens, Theodore Bikel, and Frank Albertson. It won an Academy Award in 1958. Princess of the Nile Princess of the Nile is a 1954 American adventure movie. It was directed by Harmon Jones. Actors include Debra Paget, Jeffrey Hunter, Michael Rennie, Dona Drake, Michael Ansara, Edgar Barrier, and Wally Cassell. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Kaipattoor Kaipattoor is a small town in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. The village is under Vallicode Panchayat. Politics. Kaippattoor is part of Konni Assembly constituency and Pathanamthitta Lok Sabha constituency. Currently K. U. Jenish Kumar is the MLA and Anto Antony is the MP of Konni and Pathanamthitta respectively. Origin of Name. The word as Kaipattoor means "place of relatives. Kaithaparampu Kaithaparampu is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India. Language. Malayalam is the native language of Kaithaparampu. Politics. Kaithaparampu is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Weather. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Kalampala Kalampala is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India. Language. Malayalam is the native language of Kalampala. Politics. Kalampala is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Weather. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Kalanjoor Kalanjoor is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. Demographics. As of 2001 India census, Kalanjoor had a population of 15604 with 7499 males and females. Kalleli Kalleli is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India. Language. Malayalam is the native language of Kalleli. Politics. Kalleli is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Weather. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Kallooppara Kallooppara is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. Demographics. According to 2001 India census, Kallooppara had a population of 17719 with 8386 males and 9333 females. Simon Schenk Simon Schenk (16 May 1946 – 1 May 2020) was a Swiss politician. He was born in Langnau im Emmental, Switzerland. He was a member of the Swiss People's Party. Schenk was a member of the National Council from 1994 to 2001. He represented the Canton of Bern. He was also the coach of the Switzerland men's national ice hockey team. Schenk died on 1 May 2020 of a stroke caused by heart surgery in Bern, aged 73. Hit Man (movie) Hit Man is a 1982 Spanish Mexican action movie. It was directed by José Antonio de la Loma. Actors include George Peppard, Max von Sydow, Jorge Rivero, Maud Adams, and Chuck Connors. Idir Hamid Cheriet (in Kabyle language Ḥamid Ceryat; 25 October 1949 – 2 May 2020), better known by his stage name Idir or Yidir, was an Algerian singer-songwriter and guitarist He was born in Beni Yenni, Algeria. His best known album was "A Vava Inouva" (1976). His best known single was "Pourquoi cette pluie?" (2002). Idir died on 2 May 2020 in Paris of pulmonary fibrosis at the age of 70. Matt Keough Matthew Lon Keough (July 3, 1955 – May 1, 2020) was an American professional baseball player. He was born in Pomona, California. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right-handed pitcher for the Oakland Athletics (1977–1983), New York Yankees (1983–1984), St. Louis Cardinals (1985), Chicago Cubs (1986) and Houston Astros (1986). From 1987 to 1990, he played for the Japanese baseball team Hanshin Tigers. Keough died on May 1, 2020 at the age of 64. Megan Pormer Megan Pormer is an iranian model, actress, doctor, television personality and cancer activist who has won Miss Dubai in 2019. She has been appeared in many magazine's cover including Cosmo, Vogue and Elle Arabia. Early life. Megan Pormer was born in August 15, 1992 in Iran . She has studied in England and holds master of science in medical engineering. Megan is raised and grown up in Tehran . Career. Megan Pormer has appeared in several films as supporting cast and she has modeled for brands. In 2019, she won Miss Dubai. She is the ambassador of Arab Fashion Council. Medical. Megan studied for her PhD in Biomedical Engineering from Imperial College London where she started her studies at age of 21. She has worked in preventive DNA testing for breast and ovarian cancer while studying in PHD. Music video. In May 2019, she appeared in Pars Hilton’s music video titled "My Best Friend’s Ass" featuring Kim Kardashian. Social work. Megan is involved in charity work. She has sent medicine to Iran during Corona Virus outbreak. Controversy. Megan received death threats after Supporting Donald Trump in Grammy Appearance. Creully sur Seulles Creully sur Seulles is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Creully (the seat), Saint-Gabriel-Brécy and Villiers-le-Sec. Ajitke Chattha Ajitke Chattha also spell as Ajit Kay Chattha and Ajitkay Chattha is a small village located in Wazirabad Tehsil, Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan. Ajitke Chattha has a population of over 1,100 and is located about 34.5 kilometres northwest of Gujranwala city via Kalaske Cheema-Gujranwala road. The population is over 100% Muslim. Most people in the village speak Punjabi, though almost all of them can also speak the national language of Pakistan, Urdu. English is spoken by the educated elite in the Ajitke Chattha. For all basic needs, people of Ajitke Chattha visit the nearest town Ali Pur Chatta. While No any facility is available in village else middle level education. Le Castelet Le Castelet is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2019 and consists of the former communes of Saint-Aignan-de-Cramesnil (the seat) and Garcelles-Secqueville. Saline, Calvados Saline was a short-lived commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Troarn (the seat) and Sannerville. This merger was revoked by the administrative court, and on 31 December 2019 the former communes Troarn and Sannerville were recreated. Les Monts d'Aunay Les Monts d'Aunay is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Aunay-sur-Odon (the seat), Bauquay, Campandré-Valcongrain, Danvou-la-Ferrière, Ondefontaine, Le Plessis-Grimoult and Roucamps. Mainpuri Mainpuri is the city in Mainpuri district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Mainpuri district and is situated to the north-east of Agra and is 270 km from New Delhi. Mainpuri forms part of ancient legendary region of Lord Krishna's land called Braj. Hathras Hathras is a city in Hathras district, in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the headquarters of the Hathras district that was created on 3 May 1997, by incorporating parts of: Aligarh, Mathura, Agra Districts, and Khair Tehsil. It forms a part of Aligarh Division. Valambray Valambray is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Airan (the seat), Billy, Conteville, Fierville-Bray and Poussy-la-Campagne. Valorbiquet Valorbiquet is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Saint-Cyr-du-Ronceray (the seat), La Chapelle-Yvon, Saint-Julien-de-Mailloc, Saint-Pierre-de-Mailloc and Tordouet. Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh Fatehpur is a city in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The city is between the rivers Ganga and Yamuna. Terres de Druance Terres de Druance is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Lassy (the seat), Saint-Jean-le-Blanc and Saint-Vigor-des-Mézerets. Malherbe-sur-Ajon Malherbe-sur-Ajon is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Banneville-sur-Ajon (the seat) and Saint-Agnan-le-Malherbe. Val d'Arry Val d'Arry is a commune. It is found in the region Normandy in the Calvados department in the northwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Noyers-Missy (the seat), Le Locheur and Tournay-sur-Odon. Magrie Magrie is a commune of 528 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Malras Malras is a commune of 396 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Malviès Malviès is a commune of 369 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Mazerolles-du-Razès Mazerolles-du-Razès is a commune of 154 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Mazuby Mazuby is a commune of 25 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Mérial Mérial is a commune of 31 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Missègre Missègre is a commune of 63 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Montazels Montazels is a commune of 560 people (2017). It is in the Aude department in the Occitanie region in the south of France. Fontjoncouse Fontjoncouse is a commune of 131 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Fendeille Fendeille is a commune of 532 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Fajac-la-Relenque Fajac-la-Relenque is a commune of 50 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Les Ilhes Les Ilhes is a commune of 52 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Montfort-sur-Boulzane Montfort-sur-Boulzane is a commune of 88 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Montgradail Montgradail is a commune of 47 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Monthaut Monthaut is a commune of 38 people (2017). It is in the region Occitanie in the Aude department in the south of France. Baiterek (monument) Baiterek Tower (; "tall poplar [tree]") is a landmark and an observation tower in Astana, Kazakhstan. It is located on the Nurzhol Boulevard. Rueppel's big-eyed tree frog Rueppel's big-eyed tree frog ("Nyctimystes rueppelli") is a tree frog from Indonesia. It lives on Halmahera and Morotai Islands in the Moluccas. It lives in forests and wetlands not near the ocean. Scientists looked at dead, preserved frogs. A male frog was 48 mm long from nose to rear end. A female frog was 47 mm long. When alive, this frog is yellow with black marks. This frog has up-and-down marks on its lower eyelids. Alga (disambiguation) An alga (plural "algae") is a type of photosynthetic organism. Alga may also refer to: Bafatá Region Bafatá is a region in north-central Guinea-Bissau. The regional capital is Bafatá. As of the 2009 census, 225,516 people lived there. It has an area of . Biombo Region Biombo is a region in western Guinea-Bissau. The regional capital is Quinhámel. As of the 2009 census, 97,120 people lived there. It has an area of . Lamborghini Islero The Lamborghini Islero is a grand tourer car that was built by Lamborghini from 1968 to 1969. The Islero was the successor to the 400 GT, and shared the same V12 engine with it. History. The Islero was first revealed at the 1968 Geneva Auto Show, along with the Lamborghini Espada. It shared its V12 engine with the earlier 400 GT. The car's namesake, Islero, was a Miura bull that killed matador Manuel Rodriguez "Manolete" on August 28, 1947. The Islero was designed by Mario Marazzi, who was working for Carrozzeria Marazzi at the time. Carrozzeria Marazzi was chosen because it was founded by Carlo Marazzi, a former employee of the now-bankrupt Carrozzeria Touring. Carrozzeria Touring had previously produced bodies for the 350 GT and 400 GT.<ref name="qv500.com/lamborghiniislerop1"></ref> By the time production ended in 1969, 125 Isleros had been built. An updated Islero, known as the Islero S or the Islero GTS, was released in 1969. There were a few changes from the standard Islero, including a more powerful engine and some styling changes. 100 examples of the Islero S were built, bringing the total number of Isleros to 225. Engine and transmission. The Islero used the same Lamborghini V12 as the earlier 400 GT and the later Jarama. The engine produced in the standard Islero, and in the Islero S. The engine was paired to a Lamborghini-designed five-speed manual transmission in both Isleros. The Islero's top speed was rated at and acceleration from 0 to took 6.4 seconds. Performance. The standard Islero was able to accelerate from 0 to in 6.4 seconds, and it also had a top speed of . The Islero S was faster than the standard Islero, because of the extra power in the engine. Its 0 to time improved to 6.2 seconds, while its top speed was . Tombali Region Tombali is a region in southern Guinea-Bissau. The regional capital is Catió. As of the 2009 census, 94,939 people lived there. It has an area of . Colorado Amendment 36 Colorado Amendment 36 was a popular initiative in the state of Colorado. Proposed in 2004, it proposed that instead of giving all its electoral votes to the winner of the state in presidential elections, it should base electoral vote allocation on voting proportionally (for example, if a candidate won 5/9 of the vote statewide, he would win 5/9 of the state's electoral votes), a unique system. It utlimately failed, getting only one-third of the vote. Bolama Region Bolama is a region in western Guinea-Bissau. The regional capital is Bolama, on the island of the same name. As of the 2009, 34,563 people lived there. It has an area of . 2008 United States presidential election in Illinois The 2008 United States presidential election in Illinois was held on November 4, 2008. Illinois voters chose between Republican John McCain, a Senator from Arizona, and his running mate, Sarah Palin, governor of Alaska, and Democrat Barack Obama, a Senator from Illinois, and his running mate, Joe Biden, a Senator from Delaware. Ultimately, Obama, who came from Illinois itself, won the state and its 21 electoral votes. This was largely due to the fact that he was from Illinois, and his popularity in Chicago. He won 3.42 million votes. McCain won, in contrast, just 2.03 million votes. This was the last presidential election in which over 20 counties in Illinois voted for a Democrat, and the first presidential election in which 6 Illinois counties a Democrat won the election (including Kane, Caroll, Kendall and McHenry Counties). This was the only presidential election in which 3 counties in Illinois, Boone, McHenry and Kendall Counties, voted for the Democratic candidate. Cacheu Region Cacheu is a region in western Guinea-Bissau, on the border with Senegal. The regional capital is Cacheu. As of the 2009 census, 192,508 people lived there. It has an area of . Gabu Region Gabú is a region in eastern Guinea-Bissau. The regional capital is Gabú. As of the 2009 census, 215,530 people lived there. It has an area of . Steve Marsh (footballer) Stephen William Marsh (born 12 September 1924) is a former Australian rules footballer. He played for South Fremantle and East Fremantle in the West Australian National Football League (WANFL). His playing career lasted from 1945 to 1960. He is viewed as one of the best rovers of his era. Marsh was born in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. Oio Region Oio is a region in Guinea-Bissau. The regional capital is Farim. As of the 2009 census, 224,644 people lived there. It has an area of . Geography. The region borders Senegal to the north, the Guinea-Bissauan regions of Bafatá, Bissau and Biombo to the east, the Rio Geba/Guinea-Bissauan region of Quinara to the south and the Guinea-Bissauan region of Cacheu to the west. Quinara Region Quinara is a region in central Guinea-Bissau. The regional capital is Fulacunda. As of the 2009 census, 63,610 people lived there. It has an area of . Cumberland County, Pennsylvania Cumberland County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 235,406. Its county seat is Carlisle. Elk County, Pennsylvania Elk County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 31,946. Its county seat is Ridgway. Fifty Roads to Town Fifty Roads to Town is a 1937 American romantic comedy movie directed by Norman Taurog and based on the novel by Frederick Nebel. It stars Don Ameche, Ann Sothern, John Qualen, Slim Summerville, Jane Darwell and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Sperry, Oklahoma Sperry is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Wister, Oklahoma Wister is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Ninnekah, Oklahoma Ninnekah is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Carlton Landing, Oklahoma Carlton Landing is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Wayne, Oklahoma Wayne is a town in the U.S state of Oklahoma. Ryan, Oklahoma Ryan is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Wellston, Oklahoma Wellston is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Pedro Cateriano Pedro Álvaro Cateriano Bellido (born June 26, 1958) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician. In July 2020, he became the Prime Minister of Peru under Martín Vizcarra's administration. He left the position on 6 August 2020. He was Ollanta Humala's Minister of Defense from July 2012 to April 2015, and Prime Minister from April 2015 to July 2016. Biography. Born in the capital city of Lima in 1958, Cateriano pursued a law degree at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, specializing in constitutional law. During his brief term in the Peruvian Congress between 1990 and 1992, Cateriano attained a prominent role as a ranking member of the congressional investigative committee on Alan García's first administration (1985-1990). Alongside Lourdes Flores and Fernando Olivera, the committee was ultimately disbanded following García's acquittal by the Supreme Court in March 1992. Cateriano published in the following years a detailed work on the investigation. After a failed run for the Peruvian Congress, Cateriano worked extensively in opposition to Alberto Fujimori's presidency, ultimately being appointed to the Constitutional Reform Advisory Body of the Ministry of Justice in the presidency of Valentín Paniagua. Subsequently, he was appointed under Alejandro Toledo's presidency as Deputy Minister of Justice, serving until his resignation in June 2002, alongside minister and former colleague, Fernando Olivera. During the presidency of Ollanta Humala, Cateriano served as Minister of Defense from July 2012 to April 2015. In his almost three-year tenure, he remained a controversial member of Humala's administration, constantly clashing with the opposition regarding the government's modus operandi, in which First Lady Nadine Heredia seemingly interfered with government decisions. He also faced criticism for his support of pecuniary sanctions on voluntary military service enrollment, which the Constitutional Court declared the measure unconstitutional. Upon the resignation of Ana Jara on 2 April 2015, due to her being censured by the Peruvian Congress regarding illegal government espionage under her management as Prime Minister of Peru, Cateriano was appointed as her successor. Seemed by pundits as a government loyalist, he served through the end of Humala's presidency. Cateriano was sworn as Prime Minister of Peru on 15 July 2020, succeeding Vicente Zeballos as the government faces strong criticism due to Vizcarra's management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. He would serve until 4 August 2020, less than three weeks in office, as Congress voted against his confirmation and left office on 6 August 2020. Oscar Hugh Lipscomb Oscar Hugh Lipscomb (September 21, 1931July 15, 2020) was an American bishop of the Catholic Church. He was the Archbishop of Mobile, Alabama for 28 years from 1980 to 2008. He was the first Archbishop of Mobile and its eighth bishop. Lipscomb was born in Mobile, Alabama. He died on July 15, 2020 in Mobile from COVID-19, aged 88. Galyn Görg Galyn Görg, pronounced George, also credited as Galyn Gorg, Galan Gorg and Gaylyn Görg (July 15, 1964 – July 14, 2020) was an American actress and dancer. She was best known for her role in the movies, "RoboCop 2" as Angie, the Nuke addicted bad girl; on "M.A.N.T.I.S.", television's first black superhero program, as Lt. Maxwell and on the television show "Twin Peaks" as Nancy O'Reilly. She was born in Los Angeles. Görg died of cancer in Hawaii on July 14, 2020, the day before her 56th birthday. Severino Cavalcanti Severino José Cavalcanti Ferreira (18 December 1930 – 15 July 2020) was a Brazilian politician. He was born in João Alfredo, Pernambuco. He was a member of the Progressive Party. He was the mayor of João Alfredo between 1964 to 1966 and again from 2009 to 2013. He also was a member of the Chamber of Deputies between 1995 to 2005. Cavalcanti died on 15 July 2020 from diabetes-related problems, aged 89. Abolghasem Sarhaddizadeh Abolghasem Sarhaddizadeh (; 1945 – July 14, 2020) was an Iranian reformist politician. He was a member of the Islamic Consultative Assembly between 1990 and 1992 and 1996 to 2004. He was Minister of Labour and Social Affairs from 1983 to 1989. Sarhaddizadeh was born in Tehran. Sarhaddizadeh died on July 14, 2020 in Tehran, aged 75. Hadi Dahane Hamed Dahane (1946 – 13 July 2020) was a Moroccan football midfielder. He played for Morocco in the 1970 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Union Sidi Kacem. Dahane died on 13 July 2020, aged 76. Joanna Cole Joanna Cole (August 11, 1944 – July 12, 2020) was an American writer of children’s books. She was most famous as the author of "The Magic School Bus" series. She has written over 250 books. She was born in Newark, New Jersey. Cole died on July 12, 2020 in Sioux City, Iowa from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis at the age of 75. Lambert Croux Lambert “Bertie” Croux (6 March 1927 — 8 July 2020) was a Belgian politician. He was born in Bilzen, Belgium. He was a member of the CVP party. He was a senator from 1977 to 1981 and Member of the European Parliament from 1979 to 1989. Croux died on 8 July 2020 in Hasselt, Belgium at the age of 93. Chicken Dance The "Chicken Dance", also known as the Bird Song, the Birdie Song, the Bird Dance or the Chicken Song, is an oom-pah song. It is seen as a fad dance is now a contemporary dance throughout the Western world. The song was composed by accordion player Werner Thomas from Davos, Switzerland, in the 1950s. Joseph Vidal Joseph Vidal (5 March 1933 – 9 July 2020) was a French politician. In 2002, he became a Knight of the Legion of Honour. From 1978 to 1993, he was a member of the National Assembly. Vidal was born in Lavalette, Aude. Vidal died on 9 July 2020 at the age of 87. Times Square–42nd Street/Port Authority Bus Terminal station Times Square 42nd Street is a station on the BMT Broadway - Seventh Avenue Line , BMT Broadway Line and IND Eighth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Times Square, 8th Avenue, 7th Avenue, Broadway and 42nd Street in Midtown Manhattan. It is served by the N, Q, R, W, 1, 2, 3, A, C and E trains This station is for N, Q, R, W, 1, 2, 3, A, C and E trains . There is 42nd Street Port Authority Bus Terminal and transfer is to A, C and E trains. There is a 42nd Street Bryant Park and transfer is to B, D, F and M trains. There is a 5th Avenue station and transfer is to the 7 train. This station is located in Times Square in Midtown Manhattan. 103rd Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line) 103rd Street is a station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of 103rd Street and Lexington Avenue in East Harlem, it is served by the 6 train. This station is for 6 trains. After this station, the next stations will be 96th Street and 110th Street. Ryan Blaney Ryan Micheal Blaney (born December 31, 1993) is an American Race Car Driver. He is the son of NASCAR driver Dave Blaney. He drives the No. 12 Ford Mustang for Team Penske in the NASCAR Cup Series. Miracle Channel Miracle Channel () is a Kantana documentary and entertainment television station broadcast on local cable nationwide and on Thaicom6 satellite in C-Band and KU-Band. The channel content is mysterious and unearthly stories from every angle. Documentaries and various dramas come to broadcast on this channel. History. Miracle Channel is one of 3 channels from Kantana. The first broadcast date is August 1, 2009, which first aired on live TV on Thai cable television nationwide. By re-taped various programs of Kantana that had a strange and mysterious story that had already been aired on television once. Subsequently, on March 1, 2010, there was a revision of the program schedule. By adding new programs that are only offered on Miracle Channel And old programs from many other channels as well in addition, on March 21, 2010 on the Miracle program Began broadcasting on the C-Band satellite of the live TV frequency 3480 H 26666 to expand the base to the audience. Until 1 July 2010, Miracle began to experiment on C-Band satellite broadcasting of the frequency band of MCOT 3520 H 20000 (new frequency 3520 H 28125 since January 2011). To watch the miracle channel with the same program schedule 1 August 2010, Miracle Channel, broadcasting with the frequency of MCOT 3520 H 20000, officially starting from 1 August 2010, along with the rearrangement of the program schedule. The original program will continue to broadcast without interruption. While the miracle channel on live TV Changed the new channel to Miti 4 Later, on 1 February 2011, Miracle Channel added a new channel. By receiving KU-BAND satellite by Dish Yellow DTV Channel 17 or frequency 12313 H 30000 on 1 February ago To reinforce the audience that has always been together Miracle Channel welcomes another 2 million families. On the night of 1 October 2012 at 24.00 hrs. Through new channels are the True Vision HD Box System Channel 368 and SD Channel 59. Currently, Miracle has stopped broadcasting on all channels from 1 March 2018. Captain January (1936 movie) Captain January is a 1936 American musical comedy drama movie directed by David Butler and is the second adaption of the 1890 novel of the same name by Laura E. Richards. It stars Shirley Temple, Guy Kibbee, Slim Summerville, Buddy Ebsen, Sara Haden, June Lang, Nella Walker and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Browning Hi-Power The Browning Hi-Power is a semi-automatic pistol first made by John Browning, then finished by FN Herstal (a Belgian gun company) in 1935 after Browning's death. There are 9x19mm Parabellum models and .40 S&W models of the gun. Although the gun was largely based on the M1911, there were several major changes made. Since it was finished outside the United States and since it fired the non-American 9mm bullet, the Hi-Power was not used very much in the US. However, it was very popular outside the US. In fact, it was one of the most used military pistols ever. As of 2017, it was still being used or was only recently replaced in over 50 countries. The Browning Hi-Power has many other names such as the HP, BAP, BHP, GP, P-35, and HP-35. It was called the "Hi-Power" because it could hold a large number of bullets. It could hold 13 9mm bullets when other pistols at the time held far fewer. For example, the Luger only held 8 bullets and the M1911 only held 7. Carlotta Barilli Carlotta Barilli (2 September 1935 – 15 July 2020) was an Italian actress. She was born in Parma, Italy. Barilli was known for her roles in "Ragazzi del Juke-Box" (1959), "Howlers in the Dock" (1960) and "La commare secca" (1962). She appeared in many movies directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. Barilli died on 15 July 2020 in Rome, aged 84. George Simon (artist) George Simon (23 April 1947 – 15 July 2020) was a Guyanese artist and archaeologist. He was the founder and mentor of the Lokono Artists Group, a group of Lokono artists from Guyana. He was seen as one of the leading Guyanese artists. His paintings (acrylic on canvas, paper or twill fabric) are known for their explorations of Amerindian culture and the Guyanese environment. Simon died on 15 July 2020 from cancer, aged 73. Bethany Hamilton Bethany Meilani Hamilton (born February 8, 1990) is an American professional surfer. She is known for surviving a 2003 shark attack in which her left arm was bitten off. She returned to professional surfing. She wrote about her experience in the 2004 autobiography "Soul Surfer: A True Story of Faith, Family, and Fighting to Get Back on the Board". In April 2011, the feature movie "Soul Surfer" was released. Hamilton was born in Lihue, Hawaii. Sonya Balmores Sonya Balmores (born June 23, 1986) is an American actress, model, and surfer. She was born in Kalaheo, Hawaii. She also competed in the Miss Teen USA pageant. Balmores won the Miss Hawaii Teen USA title on May 16, 2004 at the Waikiki Sheraton Resort. Balmores played the series regular role Kai Kealoha in "Beyond the Break". In 2017, Balmores was cast in the series "Inhumans" as Auran. 2020 Twitter bitcoin scam The 2020 Twitter bitcoin scam was a large-scale hacking of Twitter accounts that started on July 15, 2020 at around 20:00 UTC. Many Twitter accounts, each with millions of followers, were hacked to promote a bitcoin scam. Incident. The scam asked individuals to send bitcoin currency to a specific cryptocurrency wallet, with the promise that money sent would be doubled and returned. The perpetrators had gained access to Twitter's administrative tools so that they could alter the accounts themselves and post the tweets directly, with the access gained either possibly through paying off Twitter employees to use the tool, or hacked an employee's account to access the tool directly. The hacked accounts were those of: Barack Obama, Joe Biden, Bill Gates, Jeff Bezos, MrBeast, Michael Bloomberg, Warren Buffett, Floyd Mayweather Jr., Kim Kardashian, and Kanye West, as well as companies like Apple, Uber, and Cash App. Soul Surfer (movie) Soul Surfer is a 2011 American biographical drama movie directed by Sean McNamara. It is based on the 2004 autobiography "Soul Surfer: A True Story of Faith, Family, and Fighting to Get Back on the Board" by Bethany Hamilton about her life as a surfer after a horrific shark attack and her recovery. The movie stars AnnaSophia Robb, Helen Hunt, Dennis Quaid, and Lorraine Nicholson with Carrie Underwood, Kevin Sorbo, Sonya Balmores, Branscombe Richmond, and Craig T. Nelson. "Soul Surfer" was released in theaters on , 2011 in the United States and Canada, but received mixed reviews from critics and audiences. Chan Santokhi Chandrikapersad "Chan" Santokhi (born 3 February 1959) is a Surinamese politician and former chief of police. After winning the 2020 elections, Santokhi was the only nomination for President of Suriname. On 13 July, Santokhi was elected President in an uncontested election. He was inaugurated three days later on 16 July. William Least Heat-Moon William Least Heat-Moon (born William Lewis Trogdon on August 27, 1939) is an American travel writer and historian. He is the author of many books which talk about unusual journeys through the United States, including cross-country trips by boat ("River Horse", 1999) and, in his best known work (1982's "Blue Highways"), about his journey in a 1975 Ford Econoline van. Jyotsna Das Jyotsna Das (Odia: ଜ୍ୟୋତ୍ସ୍ନା ଦାସ; 1927 – 14 July 2020) was an Indian Odiya film actress. She played among others in Gauri (1979), Samaya (1975) and Devajani (1981). Das died on 14 July 2020. Floater Floaters or eye floaters are small dots in the field of vision of a person. They are transparent and between the eye's vitreous humour or between the vitreous and retina. Their medical name is "muscae volitantes" (Latin for 'flying flies'), or "mouches volantes" (French for 'flying flies'). All people will get them over time, but not all will notice them. Nearsighted people can notice them earlier. It might be possible to get these by debris falling into the eye. Origin. The vitreous, a jelly-like material inside the eyeball, becomes more liquid. This happens when people age. But young people can also get them. When this happens, small collagen fibers and vitreous form to clumps. These clumps throw shadows onto the retina. These shadows are floaters. Treatment. Laser vitreolysis is a possible treatment option for the removal of floaters. Elk Grove, California Elk Grove is a city in Sacramento County, California. It is just south of Sacramento. It was estimated that 174,775 people lived there in 2019. This makes it the second-largest city in Sacramento County, after Sacramento. The city was first incorporated on July 1, 2000. International Congress of Mathematicians The International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) is the largest conference for mathematics. It meets once every four years. The organizer is the International Mathematical Union (IMU). List of Congresses. Prior to the 1897 Congress, it came the International Mathematical Congress. Victorville, California Victorville is a city in San Bernardino County, California. It is on the Interstate 15 between San Bernardino and Barstow. At the 2010 census, 115,903 people lived there. The city was incorporated in 1962. El Monte, California El Monte is a city in Los Angeles County, California. It is in the San Gabriel Valley, east of Los Angeles. At the 2010 census, 113,475 lived there. This was lower than the 2000 census, when 115,965 people lived there. The city was first incorporated in 1912. Its name means "the mountain" in Spanish. Smite Smite is a free to play multiplayer video game made by Hi-Rez Studios. It can be played on Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, and Xbox One. Marie Laetitia Bonaparte Marie Laetitia Bonaparte ("Marie Laetitia Eugénie Catherine Adélaïde"; 20 November 1866 – 25 October 1926) was one of three children born to Prince Napoléon and his wife Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy. In 1888, she married Prince Amadeo, Duke of Aosta, the former King of Spain. Maria Letizia became the Duchess of Aosta, Duke of Aosta being a title Amadeus had before after becoming King of Spain. Their marriage was instrumental in almost reviving French hopes of reinstating the House of Bonaparte into a position of power, as seen in the days of Napoleon III. She was a cousin of King Umberto I of Italy. In Italy she was known as "Maria Letizia Bonaparte". Kokoda big-eyed tree frog The Kokoda big-eyed tree frog ("Nyctimystes semipalmatus") is a tree frog from Papua New Guinea. Scientists saw it in the Owen Stanley Mountains between Garaina and Mount Dayman, at 300 to 700 meters above sea level. It lives in forests and wetlands not near the ocean. Scientists looked at preserved, dead frogs. Among these, the largest adult male frog was 8.4 cm long from nose to rear end but most were closer to 6.4 cm long. The females were about 5.9 to 8.0 cm long. The dead frogs were gray and brown, but the preservative may have changed their color. Scientists who wrote about this preserved frog years ago said it looked pink. One female frog laid 400 eggs at one time. They were 2.6 mm in diameter. They were cream-colored. Capone (1975 movie) Capone is a 1975 Canadian American biographical crime movie directed by Steve Carver and written by Howard Browne. It stars Ben Gazzara, Harry Guardino, Susan Blakely, John Cassavetes, Sylvester Stallone and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. North Tonawanda, New York North Tonawanda is a city in Niagara County, New York. East Los Angeles, California East Los Angeles (), also called East L.A., is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Los Angeles County, California. It is part of the Greater Los Angeles area and is to the east of Los Angeles. At the 2010 census, 126,496 people lived there. Many Hispanic and Latino Americans live there. About 96% of its people are Hispanic or Latino. This is the highest number for any CDP with more than 100,000 people. Even though it is called East Los Angeles, it is not part of the city of Los Angeles. In the 1920s, it was first called Belvedere or Belvedere Gardens. South Coffeyville, Oklahoma South Coffeyville is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Joshua Gomez Joshua Eli Gomez (born November 20, 1975) is an American actor. He began starring in the NBC series "Chuck" as the title character's friend, Morgan Grimes. He was born in Bayonne, New Jersey. Mission Viejo, California Mission Viejo () is a suburban city in Orange County, California. It was a planned community, and one of the largest ever built in the United States. It was estimated that 94,381 people lived there in 2019. Adam Baldwin Adam Baldwin (born February 27, 1962) is an American actor and voice actor. He is known for his role as Colonel John Casey on the NBC television series "Chuck". Cryptographic anchor A cryptographic anchor (also "crypto-anchor") is a unique identifier (or "fingerprint") that can be put into products and cannot be removed or changed. Crypto-anchors can be tiny computers or optical codes. This means they can even be put into a dye. The cryptographic anchor is connected to a blockchain. Its uses include prevention or detection of fraud as well as product tracing. IBM has worked on developing cryptographic anchors. Proposed uses include labeling a pill (the code for the dye would become visible when touched with water) and marking fluids. The reason for using these anchors is to ensure the authenticity of products. The suggested cost of these tiny (smaller than a salt grain) items was projected at less than ten U.S. cents. Giulio Prisco wrote that "The cryptographic anchors project is considered a starting point for developing technologies complementary to the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain solutions for medical devices and pharmaceutical products, able to provide scalable end-to-end security across a supply chain — from the manufacturers right down to consumers and patients.<Br> "A typical application envisioned by IBM is fighting product fraud. IBM’s crypto-anchors can authenticate a product’s origin and contents, ensuring it matches the record stored in the blockchain." Prisco wrote that in 2018 IBM was predicting widespread use within five years. Further reading. V. S. K. Balagurusamy et al., "Crypto anchors," in "IBM Journal of Research and Development", vol. 63, no. 2/3, pp. 4:1-4:12, March-May 2019, doi: 10.1147/JRD.2019.2900651 Crypto Anchors PlayStation VR The PlayStation VR or PSVR is a virtual reality headset for the PlayStation 4. It was developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment and released on October 13, 2016 for €399. The PlayStation Camera is needed to use the PSVR. 5 million PSVRs were sold by December 31, 2019. 110th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line) 110th Street is a station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway . Located at the intersection of 110th Street and Lexington Avenue in East Harlem . It is served by the 6 train . This station is for 6 trains . After this station , the next stations will be 116th Street and 103rd Street . 125th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line) 125th Street is an express station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway . Located at the intersection of 125th Street and Lexington Avenue in East Harlem. It is served by the 4 , 5 and 6 trains . It connects to Metro North . This station is for 4 , 5 and 6 trains . After this station , the next stations will be 3rd Avenue and 116th Street . Lamborghini Jarama The Lamborghini Jarama is a grand tourer car made by Lamborghini from 1970 to 1976. It is the successor to the Islero, and uses the same Lamborghini V12 as it. The Jarama was designed by Marcello Gandini. History. The Jarama was designed to replace the Islero. It was introduced in 1970 at the Geneva Motor Show. Lamborghini built the Jarama to meet U.S. standards by using a modified version of the Espada’s chassis. A total of 328 Jaramas were built. The Jarama weighed dry, which was heavier than the Islero. It was powered by the same Lamborghini V12 engine that was used in the Islero and Espada. The engine sent power to the rear wheels through a 5-speed manual transmission. The original Jarama (1970–1973) model was claimed to produce . Jarama S. The Jarama S (also known as "Jarama GTS") was introduced in 1972. It had an upgraded engine, which allowed it to produce . The Jarama S featured a few minor exterior changes as well. Power assisted steering was standard on the Jarama S. Removable roof panels and a Chrysler TorqueFlite automatic transmission were also available as options. Lamborghini built 150 of the Jarama S. The Jarama was Ferruccio Lamborghini’s favorite model. Ferruccio stated in a 1991 interview that "I preferred the Jarama to all the others, because it is the perfect compromise between the Miura and the Espada" Engine and transmission. The Jarama used the Lamborghini V12 from the Espada and the Islero. The engine produced in the standard Jarama, and in the Jarama S. The engine was paired to a five-speed manual transmission in the Jarama, with a TorqueFlite three-speed automatic transmission an option in the Jarama S. Performance. The Jarama S was able to accelerate from 0-60 miles per hour (0-97 kilometres per hour) in 5.3 seconds. It was also able to reach 100 miles per hour (161 kilometres per hour) in 11.7 seconds. The Jarama S had a quarter-mile time of 13.5 seconds, with a speed of 107 miles per hour at the end of the quarter mile. Dialog im Kamptal The Dialog im Kamptal ("Dialogue in Kamptal") is a political platform founded in 2019 in Gars am Kamp, Austria. It is organized by Georgia Kazantzidu and Matthias Laurenz Gräff. It is a private and non-partisan initiative. The dialogues deal with European and also Austrian themes. History. The platform "Dialogue in Kamptal" was launched on the occasion of the European Parliament elections in 2019. The goal is to increase interest in a common Europe and in the European Union. The platform act as a pro european initiator in the Waldviertel region. It take place in the art studio "Atelier Gräff" in Gars am Kamp. Europa Dialog im Kamptal. The first dialogue took place on May 6, 2019. The date was on the occasion of the upcoming elections to the European Parliament. It included Ambassador Wolfgang Petritsch, National Councilor Douglas Hoyos-Trauttmansdorff, Werner Groiß, Christian Schuh and Walter Kogler-Strommer. The Moderator was Josef Wiesinger. The topic of the European Union is an interest of different parties. They do not treat the European idea monopolized, and enter into a dialogue. Dialog im Kamptal - Politik näher bringen. The second dialogue took place on September 10, 2019. The date was on the occasion of the upcoming 2019 Austrian legislative election. The dialogue included the top candidates from the regional constituency of Waldviertel. These candidates and national councilors are Martina Diesner-Wais, Alois Kainz, Martin Litschauer, Günter Steindl and Herbert Kolinsky. The physicist Werner Gruber was a guest of honor. The moderation was led by Josef Wiesinger, member of the state parliament. Politik, Diplmatie im 21. Jahrhundert. The third dialogue took place on January 27, 2020. The topic was politics, diplomacy and intercultural exchange in the 21st century. The dialogue included Ambassador Emil Brix, European politician Hannes Swoboda, historian Philipp Jauernik from the Pan-European Movement and presenter Eric Frey from Der Standard. The dialogue provided insights into modern developments and challenges in politics, diplomacy and society. Another topic was the importance of intercultural communication. Dialog der Bücher - Das Gemeinsame finden. The fourth dialogue took place on September 12th, 2020. Thematically, the dialogue dealt with the history and current development of diplomacy, geopolitics, security policy and globalization. The dialogue included former Minister of Foreign affairs Karin Kneissl, Ambassador Michael Breisky, former Austrian politician Georg Vetter and presenter Georgia Kazantzidu. The participants presented their books on this topic. Unser Europa. Wer sind wir, woher kommen wir und wohin gehen wir? The fifth dialogue took place on September 28th, 2020. Topics included the development of Europe, the current Covid 19 crisis, migration and the tight as a business location. The dialogue included former Vice Cancellor of Austria Erhard Busek, Ambassador Sebastian Prinz von Schoenaich-Carolath, National Councilor Helmut Brandstätter, Willi Mernyi, Managing Director of the Austrian trade unions and presenter Daniel Lohninger, chief of the NÖN. NEOS. The sixt dialogue took place on September 13th, 2021. The content was the presentation of NEOS Lower Austria, its content, ideas and goals. The dialogue included Indra Collini, NEOS country spokeswoman and club chairwoman, MPs, Helmut hofer-Gruber, NEOS MP from Lower Austria and presenter Bernd Pinzer, NEOS Club Director Lower Austria. Stellenwert der Gerichtsbarkeit und der Österreichischen Verfassung. The seventh dialogue took place on October 26th, 2021. This time the dialogue dealt with the subject of the Austrian judiciary on the occasion of the socio-political topicality as well as under the aspect of "100 Years of the Austrian Federal Constitution". Constitutional expert former austrian Vice Chancellor and Minister of Justice Wolfgang Brandstetter devoted himself in detail to the independence of the judiciary, the trust and justice of the Austrian courts and their jurisdiction. This event was moderated by Werner Groiß. Karl von Habsburg - 100 Jahre Paneuropa. The eighth dialogue took place on March 9, 2022. The speaker at the event was Karl von Habsburg, head of the former Austrian imperial family Habsburg, President of the Pan-European Movement Austria. The event was moderated by Rainhard Kloucek, Secretary General of the Austrian Pan-European Movement. "100 years Paneuropa", the oldest European unification movement and the historically grown area of ​​Central Europe. What Paneuropa can contribute to European unification and what can be learned from the idea of ​​Central Europe. Important geopolitical issues such as current Russian politics and the invasion of Ukraine were also discussed on the podium. 2007 Asian Karate Championships The 2007 Asian Karate Championships are the 8th edition of the Asian Karate Championships, and were held in Nilai Indoor Stadium, Seremban, Malaysia from August 24 to August 26, 2007. Asian Junior Taekwondo Championships The Asian Junior (Youth) Taekwondo Championships is organized by the Asian Taekwondo Union. All time medal table (2001 -2019). 2007, 2015 Fulton County, Pennsylvania Fulton County is a county located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,845. Its county seat is McConnellsburg. Jefferson County, Pennsylvania Jefferson County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 45,200. Its county seat is Brookville. Juniata County, Pennsylvania Juniata County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 24,636. Its county seat is Mifflintown. Lawrence County, Pennsylvania Lawrence County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 91,108. Its county seat is New Castle. Lebanon County, Pennsylvania Lebanon County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 133,568. Its county seat is Lebanon. Lamborghini Urraco The Lamborghini Urraco is a sports car that was made by Lamborghini from 1972 to 1979. It came before the Silhouette. History. The Urraco was first revealed at the 1970 Turin Auto Show. It was designed by Marcello Gandini. The Urraco has a 2+2 coupé layout. The Urraco was designed to compete with the Ferrari Dino and Maserati Merak. When Lamborghini stopped making the Urraco in 1979, 791 Urracos had been built. Twenty-one of them were Urraco P111s (P250 Tipo 111s), which were made for the American market. In order to follow American rules, these cars had larger front bumpers. They also had a slightly detuned engine, in order to follow American rules. The other Urraco versions were the Urraco P200, Urraco P250 and Urraco P300. The number tells the engine size: the Urraco had either a 2-litre, a 2.5-litre, or a 3-litre V8. Both the Lamborghini Silhouette and the Lamborghini Jalpa were based upon the Urraco. Engine and transmission. The Urraco was powered by either a V8, a V8, or a V8. The engine was mid-mounted, like in the Miura. The engine was paired to a five-speed manual transmission. The engine’s power went to the rear wheels. Performance. The Urraco’s performance was different with different models. The Urraco P200 produced . It was able to accelerate from 0-60 miles per hour (0-97 kilometres per hour) in 7.2 seconds. The Urraco P250 produced , and was able to accelerate from 0-60 miles per hour (0-97 kph) in 6.9 seconds. The Urraco P300 produced , and was able to accelerate from 0-60 mph (0-97 kph) in 5.6 seconds. The Urraco P300 had a top speed of , while the P250 had a top speed of , and the P200 had a top speed of . Lycoming County, Pennsylvania Lycoming County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 116,111. Its county seat is Williamsport. McKean County, Pennsylvania McKean County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 43,450. Its county seat is Smethport. Mercer County, Pennsylvania Mercer County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 116,638. Its county seat is Mercer. FN P90 The FN P90 is a very short personal defense weapon made by FN Herstal. It was made to replace 9x19mm Parabellum submachine guns in NATO because NATO needed a small automatic weapon for non-combat specialists to protect themselves and could shoot through body armor. The P90 shoots the FN 5.7x28mm bullet, the same bullet as the FN Five-seven pistol. It is a small, high-velocity bullet that can shoot through body armor. The P90 has a rare feature where the box magazine is loaded parallel to the gun's barrel rather than perpendicular to it. Each magazine can hold 50 bullets. The P90 fires at a fast 900 rounds per minute (RPM). The P90 is fully ambidextrous, which means both right-handed and left-handed people can use the gun without any problems. It weighs only 2.6 kilograms (5.6 pounds) and is only 50.5 centimeters (19.9 inches) long. It is even small and light enough to fire with one hand. The P90 is very common in militaries and police forces in NATO countries. A semi-automatic only version called the PS-90 can be bought and used for civilian purposes. Mifflin County, Pennsylvania Mifflin County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 46,682. Its county seat is Lewistown. Snyder County, Pennsylvania Snyder County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 39,702. Its county seat is Middleburg. Asian Masters Athletics Championships The Asian Masters Athletics Championships are the biannual championship of Asia Masters Athletics (AMA), one of six continental based regional affiliates of World Masters Athletics (WMA), known as the World Association of Veteran Athletes (WAVA) from its formation in 1977 until 2001. WMA is the global governing body for the division of Masters athletics. It is held in opposite years from the World Masters Athletics Championships. The event also hosts the Asia Masters General Assembly, the political gathering of the AMA which selects the locations of subsequent championships. Results. - 2009 Results - 2010 Results European Masters Athletics Championships The European Masters Athletics Championships (formerly European Veterans Athletics Championships) are the biannual championships for masters athletics events held under the auspices of European Masters Athletics (formerly European Veterans Athletics Association) that was held first edition in 1978. 116th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line) 116th Street is a station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway . Located at the intersection of 116th Street and Lexington Avenue in East Harlem . it is served by the 6 train . This station is for 6 trains After this station , the next stations will be 125th Street and 110th Street . Valley Brook, Oklahoma Valley Brook is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Wright City, Oklahoma Wright City is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Stonewall, Oklahoma Stonewall is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. World Masters Athletics Championships The World Masters Athletics Championships are the biennial championships for masters athletics events held under the auspices of World Masters Athletics, formerly called the World Association of Veteran Athletes, for athletes over the age of 35 years. FN 5.7x28mm The FN 5.7x28mm is a pistol-sized, armor-piercing bullet made by the Belgian gun company FN Herstal. FN Herstal made the bullet because NATO wanted a pistol-sized round that could replace the 9x19mm Parabellum bullet, since the 9mm cannot shoot through most body armor. However, the FN 5.7x28mm never completely replaced the 9mm because Germany vetoed the decision. It has a similar design to the 5.56x45mm NATO because it is small, but has a lot of stopping power, accuracy, and penetration because of its high velocity. Guns that use the FN 5.7x28mm include the FN P90 and the FN Five-seven. 34th Street–Hudson Yards station 34th Street Hudson Yards station is a station on the IRT Flushing Line of the New York City Subway. It can be found at the West Side at the intersection of 34th Street and 11th Avenue. It is served by the 7 train. This station is for 7 trains. After this station, the next station will be Times Square 42nd Street. Above the station is the Hudson Yards Neighborhood and Hudson Yards Redevelopment. This station is on 34th Street Between 10th Avenue and 11th Avenue. It can be found on the West Side of Manhattan. FN Five-seven The FN Five-seven, marketed as the Five-seveN, is an armor-piercing semi-automatic pistol made by the Belgian gun company FN Herstal. It fires the FN 5.7x28mm bullet, where the gun itself gets its name. It was made around the same time as the FN P90 PDW. Although the FN 5.7x28mm bullet is small, it has low recoil, high stopping power, high accuracy, armor-piercing abilities, and long range because of its high muzzle velocity. The small size of the bullet also allows for the gun's box magazines to hold many bullets, with a normal magazine holding 20 bullets. It is popular with militaries and police forces worldwide. However, its ability to shoot through body armor and the high number of bullets it can carry make it a very controversial gun in the United States for civilian use. The Five-seven can be seen in video games like the "Splinter Cell" series, "Counter-Strike", the "Rainbow Six" series, the "Battlefield" (series), and the "Call of Duty" series. Nyons Nyons is a commune. It is found in the Drôme department in the southeastern part of France. Rethel Rethel () is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France. It is a sub-prefecture and third-most important city and economic center in the department. It is situated on the river Aisne, near the northern border of Champagne and 37 km from Reims. Its inhabitants are called "Rethélois." History of Rethel. According to legend, the city was founded by Julius Caesar, who established a camp on the site of the city during his campaigns. The parents of St. Arnulf of Metz were said to have given all they owned "in villa Reistete" (in the city of Rethel) to St. Remigius, bishop of Reims, so that their prayers for a child would be answered. The city belonged to the Abbey of Saint-Remi and was administered by its advocati. One of them, Manasses I, became the first Count of Rethel. In 1481 the county, with Rethel as its seat, became the Peerage of France; it became a duchy in 1581 and in 1663 it became the Duchy of Mazarin. During the Franco-Spanish War it was captured by Spanish forces under Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condé on October 30, 1652 after a four-year siege, but was retaken by the French in July 1653. In 1814 Spanish prisoners of war from the Napoleonic Wars introduced typhus to the city. Jean-Baptiste Reberotte-Labesse cared for the soldiers who were ill. Cholera epidemics occurred in 1832 and 1849, while typhoid fever ravaged the city in 1839, with an average of thirty deaths a day. During World War II Rethel was the site of heavy combat from May to June 1940 during the Battle of France. French troops under Jean de Lattre de Tassigny repelled German assaults on the town for a month before it fell. Famous people born here. Rethel was the birthplace of: Val-de-Virvée Val-de-Virvée is a commune. It is found in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Aubie-et-Espessas (the seat), Saint-Antoine and Salignac. Blaignan-Prignac Blaignan-Prignac is a commune. It is found in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2019 and consists of the former communes of Blaignan (the seat) and Prignac-en-Médoc. Soul Food (movie) Soul Food is a 1997 American comedy-drama movie directed by George Tillman Jr. and starring Vanessa L. Williams, Vivica A. Fox, Nia Long, Michael Beach, Mekhi Phifer, Jeffrey D. Sams, Irma P. Hall, Gina Ravera, Brandon Hammond. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Heckler & Koch PSG-1 The Heckler & Koch PSG-1 is a semi-automatic sniper rifle. It is made by the German gun company Heckler & Koch. PSG-1 is a shortening of the German word "Präzisionsschützengewehr-1", or literally the "precision-shooting rifle". It fires the 7.62x51mm NATO bullet. It is a heavily changed version of the G3 rifle. The Munich massacre during the 1972 Summer Olympics showed the need for West German police and counter-terrorists to have a precision rifle, which West Germany did not have at the time. The PSG-1 is very accurate and has a large 20-round box magazine. However, its heavy weight, high price, lack of versatility, and its ease of jamming made the rifle not very practical, so it was eventually replaced by other sniper rifles. However, its unique look made it a popular weapon in video games. It appeared in games like the "Metal Gear" series, the "Call of Duty" series, the "Rainbow Six" series, and "Resident Evil 5". Lamborghini Silhouette The Lamborghini Silhouette (sometimes called the Lamborghini Silhouette P300) is a sports car. Lamborghini made it from 1976 to 1979. It came after the Urraco. History. The Silhouette was first revealed at the 1976 Geneva Auto Show. It was designed by Bertone. The earlier Urraco was the basis for the car, but it had different styling. The Silhouette was the first Lamborghini to have a targa top roof. Lamborghini’s next sports car, the Jalpa, was based off the Silhouette. Lamborghini made 54 Silhouettes. They stopped making them in 1979. Thirty-one of them are known to still exist. Engine and transmission. The Silhouette was powered by a Lamborghini V8 engine. It was very similar to the one in the Urraco P300. The engine was in the middle of the car. The engine was paired to a five-speed manual transmission. Performance. The Silhouette’s engine made . This helped the car be able to go from in 6.5 seconds. It could also go from in 16.1 seconds. It could get to a top speed of . European Weightlifting Federation The European Weightlifting Federation (EWF) was founded in 1969 and is the body governing and organizing the European Weightlifting Championships. Sullivan County, Pennsylvania Sullivan County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 6,428. Its county seat is Laporte. Timur Tuchinov Timur Tuchinov (born Amitkhasha) is a Russian Paralympic archer. He won two gold medals at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. In 2013, he won a World Para Archery Championship in standing recurve archery. Life. He is from Aginskoye, Zabaykalsky Krai. He studied with Dasinma Orboev. He was European champion, in 2006. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, 2011 EMAU Grand Prix, 2012 European Grand Prix, and 2012 Asian Grand Prix. At the 2012 Summer Paralympics, he won a gold medal in the Men's Individual Recurve Standing, and the Men's Team Recurve Open, with Mikhail Oyun, and Oleg Shestakov. He was a torch bearer for the 2014 Winter Olympics. He was given an apartment in Aginskoe. Yelyzaveta Mereshko Yelyzaveta Mereshko (born 8 July 1992) is a Ukrainian Paralympic swimmer. In 2015, she set the world record for the S6 100 metres freestyle event. She won four gold medals and a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. Gail Gaeng Gail Gaeng (born 27 December 1992) is an American wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2011 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2015 Parapan American Games. Jay Street–MetroTech station Jay Street Metrotech is a station on the IND Culver Line, IND Fulton Street Line and BMT Fourth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Jay Street, Willoughby Street and MetroTech in Downtown Brooklyn . It is served by the A , C , F and R trains This station is for A , C , F and R trains Next stations after this station on the IND Culver Line , IND Fulton Street Line and BMT Fourth Avenue Line : DeKalb Avenue , Bergen Street , Hoyt Schermerhorn Streets , York Street , Court Street and High Street . 68th Street–Hunter College station 68th Street Hunter College is a station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. It can be found at the intersection of 68th Street, Hunter College and Lexington Avenue on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. It is served by the 6 train. Copying Beethoven (movie) Copying Beethoven is a 2006 American German Hungarian biographical drama movie directed by Agnieszka Holland and starring Ed Harris, Diane Kruger, Matthew Goode, Ralph Riach, Phyllida Law. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Mary L. Trump Mary Lea Trump (born May 1965) is an American psychologist, businessperson, and author. She is a niece of President Donald J. Trump. She wrote "Too Much and Never Enough", a book about him and the Trump family, in 2020. It sold over one million copies on its first day on sale. Life. Mary Trump was born to Fred Trump Jr. and Linda Lee Clapp. Her brother is Frederick Trump III. Her father died of alcoholism when she was 16. Trump studied English literature at Tufts University. She earned a PhD in clinical psychology. Trump married a woman and divorced her soon. She has a daughter. Work. Trump is a psychologist. She has also taught college-level classes on psychology and has run some small businesses on the side. Books. Too Much and Never Enough. Mary Trump wrote Too Much and Never Enough: How My Family Created the World's Most Dangerous Man. It is a book that reveals how Donald Trump became what she calls "the world's most dangerous man." It was published on July 14, 2020. The book sold more than one million copies on its first day of sales. Disney Fairies Disney Fairies is a Disney franchise created in 2005. The franchise is built around the character Tinker Bell from Disney's 1953 animated movie "Peter Pan". In addition to the fictional fairy character created by J. M. Barrie, the franchise introduces many new characters, and expands substantially upon the limited information the author gave about the fairies and their home of Never Land. The characters are referred to within stories as "Never Land fairies." The franchise includes children's books and other merchandise, a website, and the computer-animated "Tinker Bell" movie series, featuring the character and several of the Disney fairies as supporting and recurring characters. Disney franchise producers, The female princess characters featuring "Disney Princess" (The two most famous female princess characters, best known adventures of Snow White and Cinderella, and Disney Princess other famous characters including Aurora, Ariel, Belle, Jasmine, Pocahontas, Mulan, Tiana, Rapunzel, Merida and Moana). Too Much and Never Enough Too Much and Never Enough: How My Family Created the World's Most Dangerous Man is a book written by Mary L. Trump, the niece of Donald Trump. It is a "tell-all" book, which means it is a biography about Donald Trump written without his permission. The Trump family filed a lawsuit against the book by saying it violated a non-disclosure agreement (NDA). An NDA means that a person cannot reveal confidential information to the public. However, they could not stop the book from being published on July 14, 2020. Background. Mary Trump is a psychologist who works with patients. She has done research on victims of stalking and on schizophrenia. She is the daughter of Fred Trump, Jr. and granddaughter of Fred Trump. In 1999, Mary and her brother Fred III went to court because they didn't agree with the conditions in Fred Sr.'s will. They said that Fred Sr.'s other children influenced him so that the will would not give them as much money as they think they deserved. Because they went to trial, the family cut off both of them from health insurance, which put Fred's son, who had epilepsy, in great danger. The lawsuit was settled and they got their insurance back. After her uncle became president, there were questions about whether or not he paid his fair share in taxes. Mary gave "The New York Times" a box of financial documents that proved that he did not and that he was engaged in fraud. Summary. This book is chronological. That means it is organized by time. Mary doesn't diagnose Donald with any specific disorders. Instead she uses psychology to analyze parts of his history to give suggestions on what might be wrong with him. Part One: The Cruelty is the Point. This part of the book describes Fred Trump as a sociopath who uses others to help himself. Donald learns from Fred how to not show feelings of weakness nor how to be kind to others. This is in contrast to Fred Jr., who was constantly scolded for not learning to be a cruel person like Fred Sr. Because of this training, Donald fails to learn about all the possible feelings that people experience. To the relief of his mother, he is sent to military school. Part Two: The Wrong Side of the Tracks. In Part 2, Donald becomes a businessman. However, Fred Sr. puts Donald as the public face of the family business while he takes care of much of the actual business. Fred Jr. chooses to leave the family business and become a pilot. He is rejected by his family for this choice, which leads to him becoming an alcoholic and the end of his pilot career and his marriage. He died of a heart attack at a hospital while Donald was at a movie theater. Part Three: Smoke and Mirrors. This part of the books talks about how Donald is not a good businessman. The only reason he is not allowed to fail is because his businesses partners won't let him; him failing makes them look bad. At one point, he has to negotiate with creditors so that he can get an allowance of $450,000 per month. The family cuts her and her brother out of Fred's will. She, her brother, and her brother's son lose their health insurance. They settle when she allows the rest of the family to buy out her share of a corporation at a price lower than what it should be. Part Four: The Worst Investment Ever Made. Here, Mary talks about Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign. She uses her psychologist knowledge to show how he used his worst traits to his own advantage. She says that Donald is able to be manipulated by others who recognize his weaknesses. Claims. Mary Trump makes some claims in the book. She says that: Release. The book was supposed to be published by Simon & Schuster on August 11, 2020. However, they moved the publication date to July 14 because so many people wanted to read it. Donald Trump said that Mary signed a "very powerful" agreement that "covers everything," so she was "not allowed to write a book." Robert Trump, one of Mary's uncles, sued on June 23 to stop the book from being published. A judge in the Queens County Surrogate Court (a court that handles wills) dismissed the case. Trump then took the case to a state court. On June 30, a judge there ordered that the book not be published until a hearing was held on July 10. On July 1, another more powerful judge reversed that order and allowed Simon & Schuster to publish the book. On July 2, Mary Trump made an affidavit saying that she was not bound by the NDA because the agreement was fraudulent. Reception. Most people said good things about the book. They were impressed with how she used her psychology knowledge to tell a story about her family. One man, Chris Taylor, said she did not write a good book because she made a lot of big claims and contradicted herself. Rod Hull Rodney Stephen Hull (13 August 1935 – 17 March 1999) was an English comedian. He was a popular entertainer on British television in the 1970s and 1980s. He is best known for his puppet Emu, a mute, very aggressive arm-length puppet modelled on the Australian flightless bird, the emu. With Emu, he appeared notably on "Parkinson", "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson" and "Royal Variety Show". Hull was born on the Isle of Sheppey, Kent. He lived in Australia between 1956 and 1971. He had six children. On 17 March 1999, Hull died from a serious skull fracture and chest injuries. He climbed onto the roof of his bungalow, in Winchelsea, East Sussex, to correct his television aerial during a Manchester United versus Inter Milan European Champions League game. He slipped from the roof and fell through the home's greenhouse. He was dead on arrival at a hospital in Hastings. He was 63. His death was ruled an accident. Juan Rosai Juan Rosai, M.D. (August 20, 1940 – July 7, 2020) was an Italian-born American physician. He worked in clinical research and education in the specialty of surgical pathology. He was born in Poppi, Italy. He was the principal author and editor of a major textbook in that field. His works focused on Rosai-Dorfman disease and the desmoplastic small round cell tumor. Rosai was also well-known because of his role as teacher, mentor and consultant to many American and international surgical pathologists. Rosai died on July 7, 2020 in Milan at the age of 79. Norman Allinger Norman "Lou" Allinger (April 6, 1928 – July 8, 2020) was an American organic and computational chemist. He was Distinguished Research Professor Emeritus of Chemistry at the University of Georgia (UGA) in Athens. In 1992, he became a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1992. He was born in Alameda, California. Allinger died on July 8, 2020 at the age of 92. Eldon A. Money Eldon A. Money (November 7, 1930 – July 8, 2020) was an American politician. He was a Democratic member of the Utah House of Representatives and Utah State Senate. An alumnus of Utah State University, he was a farmer and cattleman. He was a state representative from 1974 to 1979 and he was a state senator from 1980 to 1997. He was born in Spanish Fork, Utah. He died of Alzheimer's disease on July 8, 2020, in Mapleton, Utah at age 89. Mapleton, Utah Mapleton is a city in Utah County, Utah, United States. It is part of the Provo–Orem Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 7,979 at the 2010 census. José Antonio Pérez Sánchez José Antonio Pérez Sanchéz (20 December 1947 – 8 July 2020) was a Mexican Roman Catholic bishop. He was born in Mexico City. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1976. He was coadjutor bishop of the Territorial Prelature of Jesús María del Nayar from 1992 to 1994 and as bishop of the territorial prelature from 1994 to 2010. Pérez Sánchez died on 8 July 2020 in Mexico City, aged 72. Aleut language The Aleut language is spoken by the Aleut people, who live in the U.S. state of Alaska and in Russia. They call their language "Unangam Tunuu" and call themselves "Unangax̂". The Aleut language is an endangered language because fewer people are speaking it. The Aleut are trying to teach the language to others and encourage them to use it so it won't die out. Alphabet. Aleut uses two alphabets, the Latin alphabet (the ABCs) and the Cyrillic alphabet. Grammar. In Aleut, new words are created by adding suffixes to a base word called a stem. Lim Boo Liat Lim Boo Liat (21 August 1926 – 11 July 2020) was a Malaysian zoologist. He was known for his biological diversity of Malaysia. He was a strong supporter for the conservation of the country's natural heritage. Lim was the first Southeast Asian to be awarded Honorary Membership to the American Society of Mammalogists. Lim died at his home in Cheras on 11 July 2020. Florence Littauer Florence Littauer (April 27, 1928 – July 11, 2020) was an American Christian self-help author and public speaker. Littauer was best known for her series of books based upon the Personality Plus personality system. She was listed as one of Helen K. Hosier's "100 Christian Women Who Changed the Twentieth Century". She received the National Speakers Association's Council of Peers Award for Excellence. Littauer was born in Haverhill, Massachusetts. She died on July 11, 2020 at the age of 92. Bernard Cottret Bernard Cottret (1951 – July 13, 2020) was a French historian and literary scholar. From 1988 to 2002, Bernard Cottret was a member of the steering committee of the "Bibliothèque nationale de France". The Académie française awarded several of his books (Monseigneur-Marcel history prize, silver medal in 1992 for Cromwell, François-Millepierres history prize in 2003 for the "La Révolution américaine"). Polad Hashimov Polad Israyil oglu Hashimov (; 2 January 1975 – 14 July 2020) was an Azerbaijani soldier. He became a major general in 2019. On June 24, 2019, by an order of the President of Azerbaijan, Polad Hashimov was awarded the rank of Major General. He was killed on July 14, 2020, during the skirmishes between the Azerbaijani Armed Forces and the Armenian Armed Forces. Paul Fusco (photographer) John Paul Fusco (August 2, 1930 – July 15, 2020) was an American photojournalist. He worked with Magnum Photos from 1973 until his death in 2020. He was born in Leominster, Massachusetts. Fusco first worked for "Look". He became an associate of Magnum Photos in 1973 and a full member a year later. Over the years, Fusco also contributed to such publications as "Life", "Mother Jones", the "New York Times Magazine", "Newsweek", "Psychology Today", and "Time". Fusco died on July 15, 2020 in San Anselmo, California from dementia-related problems, aged 89. John D. Rockefeller Jr. John Davison Rockefeller Jr. (January 29, 1874 – May 11, 1960) was an American financier and philanthropist. He was a prominent member of the Rockefeller family. He was the only son among the five children of Standard Oil co-founder John D. Rockefeller and the father of the five famous Rockefeller brothers. His sons included Nelson Rockefeller, the 41st vice president of the United States; Winthrop Rockefeller, the 37th governor of Arkansas; and banker David Rockefeller. Arnol Kox Arnol Kox (11 October 1952 – 15 July 2020) was a Dutch street preacher. He was born in Bergeijk, Netherlands. For at least 40 years he loudly talked about God's word in the center of Eindhoven. He talked to citizens and tourists directly with incentive things and religious messages. Kox died at the hospital in Eindhoven, Netherlands on 15 July 2020 from leukaemia-related problems, aged 67. Victoria Rodríguez (actress) Victoria Rodríguez Clavijo (24 September 1931 – 15 July 2020) was a Spanish actress. She appeared in many Spanish theatre shows. She appeared in Spanish productions of "Don Juan Tenorio" and "Hamlet". Rodríguez died in Madrid on 15 July 2020 from pneumonia, aged 88. Christopher Dickey Christopher Dickey (August 31, 1951 – July 16, 2020) was an American journalist, author, and news editor. He was the Paris-based world news editor for "The Daily Beast". He authored seven books, including "Our Man in Charleston: Britain's Secret Agent in the Civil War South" (2015); "Securing the City: Inside America's Best Counterterror Force – the NYPD" (2009), and a memoir, "Summer of Deliverance" (1998). Dickey died on July 16, 2020 in Paris at the age of 68. Revenge porn Revenge pornography is the act of getting revenge toward somebody by way of pornography. This act of revenge is usually done without asking the victim. Revenge porn usually means making sexually explicit videos, books and movies about a person because the person ended a relationship. The possession of the material may be used by the partners to punish the victim for ending a relationship. Several areas have passed laws against revenge porn. They include Israel, Canada, Australia, United Kingdom and most of the United States. In the 1980s the "Hustler" magazine began a monthly show of reader-submitted images of naked women called the "Beaver Hunt". The Beaver Hunt photos were usually with details of these women, such as their hobby and their names. Some of the women sued the magazine for publishing their photos without their permission. But it wasn't until 2010 that revenge porn "really" took off. That year, Hunter Moore launched the website "IsAnyoneUp". The website was similar to the Beaver Hunt. The first person who spoke against Moore was activist Charlotte Laws. She was also one of the first people to publicly support revenge pornography victims. In June 2015 Google decided they would remove links to revenge porn on request. Microsoft did the same in July. Volodymyr Lozynskyi Volodymyr Fedorovych Lozynskyi or Vladimir Fyodorovich Lozinsky (; ; 6 February 1955 – 17 July 2020) was a Soviet-Ukrainian football player and Ukrainian coach. Between 1979 and 1982, he played for the Soviet Union national football team. He also played for FC Dynamo Kyiv between 1973 and 1984. He managed the national student team. Loztnskyi died on 17 July 2020, aged 65. Azuma Morisaki was a Japanese film director and screenwriter. He was known for directing and writing "Tora-san, His Tender Love", "Oishinbo" and "Pecoross' Mother and Her Days". Morisaki died from a cerebral infarction on 16 July 2020 in Chigasaki, Japan at the age of 92. Tony Taylor (baseball) Antonio Nemesio (Sánchez) Taylor (December 19, 1935July 16, 2020) was a Cuban baseball second baseman. He was born in Havana. He played nineteen seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). He played for the Chicago Cubs, Philadelphia Phillies, and Detroit Tigers from 1958 until 1976. He batted and threw right-handed and also played third base and first base. Taylor died from stroke-related problems on July 16, 2020 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, aged 84. Jamie Oldaker James Oldaker (September 5, 1951 – July 16, 2020) was an American rock music, blues rock and country music drummer and percussionist. He was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He was known for performing for Eric Clapton. He also recorded for The Bellamy Brothers, Asleep at the Wheel, Peter Frampton, Stephen Stills, Leon Russell, Ace Frehley, Freddie King, and the Bee Gees. Oldaker died on July 16, 2020 at the age of 68. Freddie King Freddie King (September 3, 1934 – December 28, 1976) was an American blues guitarist and singer. He recorded many hits for Federal Records in the early 1960s. He was added into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012. King was born in Gilmer, Texas. King based his guitar style on Texas blues and Chicago blues. His best-known recordings include the early instrumentals "Hide Away" (1961), "San-Ho-Zay," (1961) and "The Stumble" (1962). He later became involved with more rhythm and blues- and rock-oriented producers. King died on December 28, 1976 in Dallas, Texas from pancreatitis, at the age of 42. Emajuddin Ahamed Emajuddin Ahamed (15 December 1933 – 17 July 2020) was a Bangladeshi political scientist, author and educator. He was the 21st vice-chancellor of the University of Dhaka during 1992 to 1996. He was awarded the Ekushey Padak in 1992. He was born in Malda district, Bengal Presidency. Ahamed died from a cerebral hemorrhage in Dhaka on 17 July 2020, aged 86. Boonville, Missouri Boonville is a city in Cooper County, Missouri, United States. The population was 8,319 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Cooper County. Zenon Grocholewski Zenon Grocholewski (October 11, 1939 – July 17, 2020) was a Polish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 2001. From 1999 until 2015, he ws Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education and Grand Chancellor of the Pontifical Gregorian University. He was born in Bródki, Poland. Grocholewski died on July 17, 2020 in The Vatican at the age of 80. Zizi Jeanmaire Renée Marcelle Jeanmaire (29 April 1924 – 17 July 2020), known as Zizi Jeanmaire, was a French ballet dancer. She was the wife of dancer and choreographer Roland Petit. She became famous in the 1950s after playing the title role in the ballet "Carmen" in 1949. She was born in Paris. Jeanmaire died on 17 July 2020 in Tolochenaz, Switzerland, aged 96. Megan Blunk Megan Blunk (born 12 September 1989) is an American wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2013 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2015 Parapan American Games. Ron Tauranac Ronald Sidney Tauranac (13 January 1925 – 17 July 2020) was a British-Australian engineer and racing car designer. He worked with Formula One driver Jack Brabham and helped founded the Brabham constructor and racing team in 1962. Tauranac owned and managed the Brabham team until 1972, when he sold it to Bernie Ecclestone. He was born in Gillingham, Kent. Tauranac died in Sunshine Coast, Queensland on 17 July 2020, aged 95. Darlene Hunter Darlene Hunter (born 16 April 1982 in Walled Lake, Michigan) is an American wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2010 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2011 Parapan American Games, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2015 Parapan American Games. She studied at Walled Lake Western High School, University of Arizona, University of Texas at Arlington, and Texas Women's University. She founded a women's wheelchair basketball camp. Natalie Schneider Natalie Schneider (born 11 February 1983) is an American wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and 2016 Summer Paralympics. She won a gold medal at the 2010 IWBF World Championship and 2011 IWBF World Championship. She played at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. She was born in and lived in Crete, Nebraska. She studied at Crete High School, Doane College, and University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Desiree Miller Desiree Miller (born 12 August 1987) is an American wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and 2015 Parapan American Games. She was born in Kirkland, Washington. She lived in Monroe, Washington. She studied at University of Alabama and University of Wisconsin-Whitewater. Jennifer Poist Jennifer Poist (born March 14, 1989) is an American wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2011 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2012 Summer Paralympics, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2015 Parapan American Games. She was born in Hanover, Pennsylvania. She lived in McSherrystown, Pennsylvania. She studied at University of Arizona. She is the head coach for women's basketball at the University of Arizona Disability Resource Center. 77th Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line) 77th Street , known as 77th Street Lenox Hill Hospital is a station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of 77th Street and Lexington Avenue on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. It is served by the <6> train. After this station, the next stations will be 86th Street and 68th Street–Hunter College stations . Vanessa Erskine Vanessa Erskine (born 12 July 1994) is an American wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played for the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater. She played at the 2013 Youth Parapan American Games. Rebecca Murray Rebecca Murray (born 15 March 1990) is an American wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, and 2012 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2007 Parapan American Games, 2011 Parapan American Games, 2012 Summer Paralympics, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, 2015 Parapan American Games, and 2019 Parapan American Games.   She was born in Milwaukee. She studied at Germantown High School in Germantown, Wisconsin. European Youth Table Tennis Championships The European Youth Table Tennis Championships were first held in 1955 in Stuttgart. The tournament has been held yearly (except 1960, 1963, 1964). Juniors (under 18) and Cadets (under 15). Miranda Richardson Miranda Jane Richardson (born 3 March 1958) is an English actress. She first appeared as Ruth Ellis in "Dance with a Stranger" (1985) and went on to receive Academy Award nominations for "Damage" (1992) and "Tom & Viv" (1994). Rose Hollermann Rose Hollermann (born 25 December 1995) is an American wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2011 Parapan American Games, 2012 Summer Paralympics, 2015 Parapan American Games, and 2019 Parapan American Games. She was born in Elysian, Minnesota. She studied at Waterville-Elysian-Morristown High School and at University of Texas at Arlington. World Junior Wushu Championships The World Junior Wushu Championships (WJWC) is an international wushu competition organized by the International Wushu Federation (IWUF) for competitors (both male and female) below 18 years of age. There are three categories for the taolu events (under 12 and under 15 and under 18 years of age but in 2006 only U15 & U18). The competition also includes a sanda category until 2016, but was added U15 sanda from 2018. Casper Van Dien Casper Robert Van Dien Jr. (born December 18, 1968) is an American actor. He is best known for his lead role as Johnny Rico in the 1997 science-fiction movie "Starship Troopers". He also starred as Brom Van Brunt in the 1999 Tim Burton movie "Sleepy Hollow". 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani skirmishes 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani skirmishes began on 12 July 2020 between the Armed Forces of Armenia and Azerbaijani Armed Forces. The first clashes happened near Movses in Tavush Province of Armenia, and Ağdam in Tovuz District of Azerbaijan at the Armenian–Azerbaijani state border. The skirmishes began again on 13 July and continued until 16 July, resulting in at least 15 military and one civilian casualties. Among 11 confirmed Azerbaijani military casualties were one major general, one colonel and two majors. The Government of Armenia also reported death of one major, one captain and two sergeants in the skirmish. Asian Wushu Championships The Asian Wushu Championships are held every 4 years and are organised by the Wushu Federation of Asia (WFA). Alexei Tezikov Alexei Pavlovich Tezikov (; June 22, 1978 – July 16, 2020) was a Russian professional ice hockey defenceman. He played in the National Hockey League with the Washington Capitals and Vancouver Canucks. Tezikov left North America following the 2001–02 season, returning to his native Russia to play in the Russian Superleague and Kontinental Hockey League over the next 11 years. Tezikov died on July 16, 2020, at the age of 42, after suffering a heart attack on the street. Abigail Dunkin Abigail Dunkin (born November 24, 1995) is an American wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2015 Parapan American Games and 2019 Parapan American Games. She studied at Canyon High School in New Braunfels, Texas and at the University of Texas at Arlington. Miracle on Ice The "Miracle on Ice" was a medal-round game during the men's ice hockey tournament at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York. It played between the hosting United States and the four-time defending gold medalists, the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union had won the gold medal in five of the six previous Winter Olympic Games, and they were the favorites to win again in Lake Placid. For the first game in the medal round, the United States played the Soviets. Finishing the first period tied at 2–2, and the Soviets leading 3–2 following the second, the U.S. team scored two more goals to take their first lead midway in the third and final period, then held on and won 4–3. Two days later, the U.S. won the gold medal by beating Finland in their final game. The Soviet Union took the silver medal by beating Sweden. The victory became one of the most iconic moments of the Games and in U.S. sports. In 1999, "Sports Illustrated" named the "Miracle on Ice" the top sports moment of the 20th century. The Devil's Advocate (1997 movie) The Devil's Advocate (marketed as Devil's Advocate) is a 1997 American supernatural horror movie directed by Taylor Hackford, written by Jonathan Lemkin and Tony Gilroy. It starred Keanu Reeves, Al Pacino, and Charlize Theron. It is based on Andrew Neiderman's novel of the same name. It is about a successful young Floridian lawyer (Reeves) invited to New York City to work for a major firm. As his wife (Theron) becomes haunted by visuals, the lawyer slowly begins to realize the owner of the firm (Pacino) is the Devil. The movie has a 67% on Rotten Tomatoes. Eugenio Scarpellini Eugenio Scarpellini (8 January 1954 – 15 July 2020) was an Italian-born Bolivian Roman Catholic bishop. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1974. He was titular bishop of "Bida" and as auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of El Alto, Bolivia from 2010 to 2013 and as bishop of the El Alto Diocese from 2013 until his death in 2020. Scarpellini died from COVID-19 during the pandemic in Bolivia on 15 July 2020, aged 66. Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton James Brian Edward Hutton, Baron Hutton, PC (29 June 1932 – 14 July 2020) was a British politician and lawyer. He was the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland from 1989 to 1997 and Lord of Appeal in Ordinary from 1997 to 2004. Hutton was born in Belfast. Hutton died on 14 July 2020, aged 88. Ely, Minnesota Ely ( ) is a city in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 3,460 at the 2010 census. It is located on the Vermilion Iron Range. It is home to several iron ore mines. Wahidul Haq Wahidul Haque ( – 3 July 2020) was a Bangladeshi politician. He was the Finance Minister of Bangladesh from 1988 to 1990. He was also an Emeritus Professor at the University of Toronto, Canada. He was a member of the Jatiya Party. Haq died on 3 July 2020. Bethel Park, Pennsylvania Bethel Park is a borough with home rule status in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. It is part of the Pittsburgh Metro Area, about 7 miles (13 km) southwest of Pittsburgh. The population was 32,313 at the 2010 census. Scott Hahn Scott W. Hahn (born October 28, 1957) is an American Christian theologian and apologist. He was born in Bethel Park, Pennsylvania. Hahn's popular works include "Rome Sweet Home" and "The Lamb's Supper: The Mass as Heaven on Earth". His lectures have been seen through Lighthouse Catholic Media. Hahn is known for his research on Early Christianity during the Apostolic Age and many theoretical works about the early Church Fathers. Hahn teaches at the Franciscan University of Steubenville, a Catholic university in the United States. He has also lectured at the Pontifical College Josephinum in Columbus, Ohio. Christina Schwab Christina Schwab (née Ripp) (born July 31, 1980) is an American wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, 2008 Summer Paralympics, and 2016 Summer Paralympics. She won the 2003 Boston Marathon, Women's Wheelchair division. She played at the 2010 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2012 Summer Paralympics, and 2015 Parapan American Games. She participated at the 2003 New York City Marathon, 2004 New York City Marathon, 2005 New York City Marathon, 2006 New York City Marathon, 2010 New York City Marathon, 2011 New York City Marathon, and 2012 London Marathon. She is from Dane, Wisconsin. She studied at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Kyaw Hein Kyaw Hein (, ; born Kyaw Htay, 14 July 1947 – 11 July 2020) was a Burmese actor, director and singer. He was a five-time winner of the Myanmar Academy Award. He had starred in hundreds of movies. He was seen as one of the most important actors in Burmese cinema. He retired in 2008 and became a Theravada Buddhist monk. He held the Dharma name Kittisāra (). His best known movie roles were in "Kanyar Pyo Nae Zayar Ao", "Sone Yay" and "Wai Lae Mhway Kyway Lae Mhway". Hein died on 11 July 2020 in Canberra, Australia from stroke-related problems, aged 72. Mackenzie Soldan Mackenzie Soldan (born 14 May 1992) is an American wheelchair basketball player and wheelchair tennis player. She won a gold medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2010 US Open, 2019 ITTF Team World Cup, 2011 Parapan American Games, 2012 Summer Paralympics, 2015 Parapan American Games, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship. She was born in Saginaw, Michigan. She lived in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. She studied at the Christian Academy of Louisville and at the University of Alabama. She trained at the USTA National Campus. Henry Krtschil Henry Krtschil (3 October 1932 – 7 July 2020) was a German composer, music producer and pianist. He worked for 25 years as a movie composer for Deutscher Fernsehfunk and over 30 years with the German singer Gisela May. He was born in Dresden. He was a Répétiteur for one year at "Staatliche Ballettschule Berlin" and until 1970 at Berliner Ensemble. Between 1970 and 1977 he worked at the theatre Volksbühne. From 1991 until his retirement in 1999 he worked as a composer and pianist at "Theater im Palais". Krtschil died on 7 July 2020, aged 87. List of shooting sports organizations This is a list of national and international shooting sports organizations who promote sport shooting to civilian sport shooters, hunters, police, military and/or military reservists. Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler is a town in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is the capital of the district Ahrweiler. As of 2018, 28,251 people lived there. Altenburg Altenburg is a city in the German state of Thuringia. It is the capital of the district Altenburger Land. As of 2018, 32,074 people lived there. Twin towns. Altenburg is twinned with: Deggendorf Deggendorf () is a town in the German state of Bavaria. It is the capital of the district of Deggendorf. Tioga County, Pennsylvania Tioga County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 41,981. Its county seat is Wellsboro. Union County, Pennsylvania Union County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 44,947. Its county seat is Lewisburg. Warren County, Pennsylvania Warren County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 41,815. Its county seat is Warren. Wyoming County, Pennsylvania Wyoming County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 28,276. Its county seat is Tunkhannock. Mitchell County, North Carolina Mitchell County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2010, 15,579 people lived there. Its county seat is Bakersville. Montgomery County, North Carolina Montgomery County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2010, 27,798 people lived there. Its county seat is Troy. Rapid Fire (1992 movie) Rapid Fire is a 1992 American action movie directed by Dwight H. Little and starring Brandon Lee, Powers Boothe, Nick Mancuso. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Studio 8H Studio 8H is a television studio in New York City in the United States. The studio is a part of NBC Studios, where the NBC television network is, at 30 Rockefeller Plaza. It is known for having the live recording of "Saturday Night Live", which has been shown from the studio since the show's creation in 1975. Construction. Studio 8H was built in 1933. It was meant to be used for orchestras and radio variety programs with big studio audiences. When it was built, Studio 8H was the world's biggest radio studio. It was feet big, and it was three stories tall, which could fit a full orchestra. It was used for television in 1950, mostly for the live showing of "Kraft Television Theatre". History. Studio 8H is now best known for showing the NBC sketch comedy show "Saturday Night Live", which is recorded live. Two episodes of NBC sitcom "30 Rock", "Live Show" and "Live from Studio 6H" were also recorded live from the studio. Parent company A parent company is a company that owns enough voting stock in another company to control the management and operation by changing or electing its board of directors. Companies that are under this management are called subsidiaries of the parent company. Sometimes, a company intended to be a pure holding company identifies itself as such by adding "Holding" or "Holdings" to its name. NBC Studios (New York City) NBC Studios are in the historic 30 Rockefeller Plaza (on Sixth Avenue between 49th and 50th streets) in the borough of Manhattan, New York City. The building has the NBC television network headquarters, its parent NBCUniversal, and NBC's flagship station WNBC (Channel 4). It also has the cable news channel MSNBC. Shows produced at NBC Studios New York. The shows that are produced at 30 Rockefeller Plaza (shows taping as of the 2018–19 season in bold): Mount Oread Civil War posts Lawrence, Kansas was not well defended in the early part of the American Civil War. They started defending it after William Quantrill's guerrilla raid on August 21, 1863. By early 1864 Union soldiers permanently stayed on the top and hills of Mount Oread, which was at Lawrence's southwest. It seems the camp was first named Camp Ewing, after Brig. Gen. Thomas Ewing. The military area on Mount Oread was used until the end of the Civil War. When the war ended, there was no reason to keep them, so they were destroyed. Asian Shooting Confederation The Asian Shooting Confederation (ASC) is an association of the International Shooting Sport Federation's member federations from Asia. Events History. The Asian Shooting Championships are governed by the Asian Shooting Confederation. Asian Shooting Championships began in 1967. These championships, including almost all ISSF shooting events, are held every four years. International Shooting Sport Federation The International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) is the governing body of the Olympic Shooting events in rifle, pistol and shotgun (clay target) disciplines, and of several non-Olympic Shooting sport events. ISSF's activities include regulation of the sport, Olympic qualifications and organization of international competitions such as the ISSF World Cup Series, the ISSF World Cup Finals, the ISSF Separate World Championship in Shotgun events and the ISSF World Championship in all events. Founded in 1907 as the International Shooting Union (), and then changing its name in 1998, the ISSF affiliates nowadays over 150 National Shooting Federations from Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania. The ISSF Presidency is held by Mr. Vladimir Lisin, a Russian steel tycoon since the 30th of November 2018. Mr. Lisin was also President of the European Shooting Confederation until October 2021. The ISSF headquarters is in Munich, Germany. Competitions and records. The ISSF recognizes the following competitions as "ISSF Championships": These are the only competitions that have direct supervision from ISSF committees, and the only competitions where world records can be set. This leads to many national records in fact being higher than the world records. Moonlighting (Leo Sayer song) "Moonlighting" is a song about a young man and young woman running away to get married at Gretna Green. It was recorded by Leo Sayer. "Moonlighting" was written by Sayer and Frank Farrell and co-produced by Adam Faith. "Moonlighting" made number 2 on the UK Singles Chart in September 1975. The song is on Sayer's album, "Another Year". The New Zealand band Ardijah covered the song in 2002. You Make Me Feel Like Dancing "You Make Me Feel Like Dancing" is a song credited to English/Australian singer Leo Sayer, taken from his 1976 album "Endless Flight". The song reached number one on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, making it his first number-one single in the United States, and reached number 2 on the UK Singles Chart. "Billboard" ranked it as the No. 13 song of 1977. Credited songwriters Sayer and Vini Poncia won a Grammy Award for the song in 1978 in the category Best R&B Song. Hengelo, Overijssel "See also: Hengelo, Gelderland" Hengelo is a municipality and city in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 81,000 people were living there in 2021. It lies in Twente region. The University of Twente lies just across the municipal border in Enschede. Cerro Largo Department The Cerro Largo Department () is a department in the east of Uruguay. Its capital is Melo. Colonia Department The Colonia Department () is a department in the southwest of Uruguay. Its capital is Colonia del Sacramento. Durazno Department The Durazno Department () is a department in the center of Uruguay. Its capital is Durazno. Flores Department The Flores Department () is a department in the center of Uruguay. Its capital is Trinidad. Florida Department The Florida Department () is a department in the south central part of Uruguay. Its capital is Florida. Lamborghini Sesto Elemento The Lamborghini Sesto Elemento is a supercar. Lamborghini made it in 2011. It is a track day car. This means that it is not allowed on a public road. Lamborghini only made 20 Sesto Elementos. The car’s name means “sixth element” in Italian. This is because carbon is the sixth element on the periodic table and the car uses a lot of carbon fibre. History. In mid-2011, Lamborghini announced that they would make 20 cars for track use only. Each car would cost US$2.92 million. All 20 cars had already been sold by the time Lamborghini started building them. At that time, the Sesto Elemento was the most expensive Lamborghini ever created. It stayed that way until they made the Veneno. The Veneno’s price was as high as £4,162,150 (US$6.5 million). Engine and transmission. The Sesto Elemento uses Lamborghinis’s 5.2 litre V10 engine. It is the same engine as in the Gallardo. It makes and of torque. The engine is paired with Lamborghini’s six-speed semi-automatic transmission. It powers all four wheels through an all-wheel drive system. Almost all of the Sesto Elemento is made of carbon fibre. This means that the car only weighs . Performance. Lamborghini says that the Sesto Elemento can go from in 2.5 seconds. Lamborghini also says that the Sesto Elemento can go from in 8.0 seconds. It has a top speed of . Lavalleja Department The Lavalleja Department () is a department in the southeast of Uruguay. Its capital is Minas. Maldonado Department The Maldonado Department () is a department in the southeast of Uruguay. Its capital is Maldonado. Montevideo Department The Montevideo Department () is a department in the south of Uruguay. Its capital is Montevideo. Rocha Department The Rocha Department () is a department in the east of Uruguay. Its capital is Rocha. San José Department The San José Department () is a department in the southwest of Uruguay. Its capital is San José de Mayo. Soriano Department The Soriano Department () is a department in the west of Uruguay. Its capital is Mercedes. Treinta y Tres Department The Treinta y Tres Department () is a department in the east of Uruguay. Its capital is Treinta y Tres. Mura Statistical Region The Mura Statistical Region () is a statistical region in northeastern Slovenia. Municipalities. The Mura Statistical Region has 27 municipalities: Hazlehurst, Georgia Hazlehurst is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Jeff Davis County. Morrison, Oklahoma Morrison is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Tlingit The Tlingit are a Native American group from the Pacific Northwest. They live in the United States (in the state of Alaska) and in Canada (British Columbia and Yukon). They speak the Tlingit language. In their language, Tlingit means "people of the tides." The Tlingit get their food through hunting, gathering, and fishing. They are a matrilineal society. That means property is passed down from a mother to her children. The Tlingit practiced slavery extensively until it was outlawed by the United States. Territory. The Tlingit organized themselves into tribes, which they called "Ḵwáan". Culture. The Tlingit have a very rich culture. They are famous for their totem poles. They incorporate art in every part of their lives. Their art has deep spiritual meaning. Philosophy and religion. The Tlingit didn't write down their beliefs, but they do have a very complex philosophy on how they view the world. They were animists. Their shamans did many things, such as curing diseases, helping hunters, and protecting people from evil. In the 1880s, many Tlingit began to convert to Orthodox Christianity, which was introduced by the Russians. They clung to the Orthodox religion as Americans and Canadians came onto their land. Today, young Tlingit are turning back to their traditional beliefs in order to regain a sense of identity as Tlingit. Language. The Tlingit have their own language, the Tlingit language. Their language has a very complex grammar and uses sounds that almost no other languages use. However, most of them now speak English. Housing. The Tlingit made their houses from cedar wood. Food. The Tlingit harvest food from the sea. They also enjoy eating berries and meat from land animals. Cayn Ayn (,  ) also spelled as Cayn, is a region in northern Somalia centered on the city of Buuhoodle. It was a province created by Puntland in 2009. It was one of the 7 regions of Puntland. Then in 2012 it was reclaimed by Khatumo State, an attempted federal state for reer darawiish. As of the 2020s, Ayn is an independent administration ruled by reer darawiish locals and SSC militias. Ayn Ayn might refer to: Phyllis Somerville Phyllis Jeanne Somerville (December 12, 1943 – July 16, 2020) was an American actress. She was best known for her roles in "Little Children" (2006), "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button" (2008), "Surviving Family" (2012), "The Big C" (2010–2013), and "Outsiders" (2016–2017). Somerville died on July 16, 2020 in New York City, aged 76. The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (movie) The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is a 2008 American fantasy romantic drama movie directed by David Fincher. It is based on the 1922 short story of the same name by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The movie stars Brad Pitt and Cate Blanchett with Taraji P. Henson, Julia Ormond, Jason Flemyng, Elias Koteas, and Tilda Swinton. "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button" was released in North America on December 25, 2008 to positive reviews from critics. The movie had thirteen Academy Award nominations and won three. Little Children Little Children may refer to: Víctor Víctor Víctor Víctor (born Víctor José Víctor Rojas; 11 December 1948 – 16 July 2020) was a Dominican guitarist, singer and composer. He was born in Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic. He was the founder of the Nueva Forma musical group in the 1970s. He was also one of the first Dominican artists to travel to Cuba, when this type of travel was not allowed by the Dominican government. In 2007 he recorded an album with social-themed songs titled "Verde y Negro" as a tribute to the freedom fighters of the Dominican people. Víctor died of COVID-19 on 16 July 2020 at a hospital in Santo Domingo, aged 71. Ken Chinn Kendall Stephen Chinn (19 October 1962 – 16 July 2020) was a Canadian punk rock lead vocalist and artist. He was best known, under the pseudonym Mr. Chi Pig. He was the lead singer of the band SNFU. Chinn died on 16 July 2020 in Vancouver, British Columbia, aged 57. Edward Edwards (serial killer) Edward Wayne Edwards (June 14, 1933 – April 7, 2011) was a convicted American serial killer. Edwards escaped from jail in Akron, Ohio in 1955 and fled across the country. By 1961, he was on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list. Edwards was captured and arrested in Atlanta, Georgia on January 20, 1962. After he was granted parole in 1967, Edwards murdered at least five people between 1977 and 1996. Edwards died of natural causes at the Corrections Medical Center in Columbus, Ohio on April 7, 2011. He was expected to be executed by lethal injection set for four months later on August 31. Gian Franco Anedda Gian Franco Anedda (28 August 1930 – 17 July 2020) was an Italian politician. He was born in Cagliari, Italy. He was a member of the Italian Social Movement and National Alliance. Anedda was a member of the Chamber of Deputies between 1992 to 2006. Between 1994 to 1995, he was Minister of Justice. He was a member of the High Council of the Judiciary from 2005 to 2010. Anedda died on 17 July 2020 in Cagliari at the age of 89. Alex Dawson Alexander Downie Dawson (21 February 1940 – 17 July 2020) was a Scottish football player. He was born in Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire. Between 1957 and 1961, he played for Manchester United. From 1961 to 1967, he played for Preston North End. From 1968 to 1971, he played for Brighton & Hove Albion. Dawson died on 17 July 2020, aged 80. Shirley Love (politician) Shirley D. Love (May 15, 1933 – July 17, 2020) was an American politician and broadcast journalist. She was a member of both chambers of the West Virginia Legislature from 1994 to 2008 and 2017 to 2019. She was a member of the Democratic Party. Love was born in Oak Hill, West Virginia. Love died on July 17, 2020 in Oak Hill, aged 87. Oak Hill, West Virginia Oak Hill is a city in Fayette County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 7,730 at the 2010 census. Fayetteville, West Virginia Fayetteville is a town in and the county seat of Fayette County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 2,892 at the 2010 census. Beckley, West Virginia Beckley is a city in and the county seat of Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States. It was founded on April 4, 1838. As of the census of 2010, there were 17,614 people. Silvio Marzolini Silvio Marzolini (4 October 1940 – 17 July 2020) was an Argentine football player. He was known as the best Argentine left back of all time. He played for the Argentina national football team in the 1962 FIFA World Cup and the 1966 FIFA World Cup. Marzolini played a total of 28 games for Argentina. Marzolini died on 17 July 2020 in Buenos Aires from problems caused by cancer, heart disease and a stroke, aged 79. Ole Holsti Ole Rudolf Holsti (August 7, 1933 – July 2, 2020) was an American political scientist and academic. He was the George V. Allen Professor Emeritus of Political Science at Duke University. He was known for his writings on international affairs, American foreign policy, content analysis, decision-making in politics and diplomacy, and crises. Holsti was at the University of California, Davis, as a professor in the Department of Political Science (1978–1979) before joining the faculty of Duke University as George V. Allen Professor in the Department of Political Science (1974–1998). He became a professor emeritus in 1998. Holsti died on July 2, 2020 at the age of 86. University of California, Davis The University of California, Davis (UC Davis), is a public research university and land-grant university near Davis, California. It is part of the University of California system. It has the third-largest enrollment in the system after UCLA and UC Berkeley. The institution was founded as a branch in 1905 and became a general campus in 1959. University of California, Irvine The University of California, Irvine (UCI or UC Irvine) is a public research university in Irvine, California. It is one of the 10 campuses in the University of California (UC) system. UC Irvine offers 87 undergraduate degrees and 129 graduate and professional degrees. The university is classified as a Research I university. UC Irvine became a member of the Association of American Universities in 1996 and is the youngest university to hold membership. Luizinho Drummond Luiz Pacheco Drummond (14 February 1940 — 1 July 2020), nicknamed Luizinho Drummond, was a Brazilian illegal lottery operator. He was the patron of samba school Imperatriz Leopoldinense. He was the president of the Independent League of Samba Schools of Rio de Janeiro (LIESA) from 1998 to 2001. Drummond died on 1 July 2020 from a stroke in Rio de Janeiro, aged 80. History of the creation–evolution controversy The creation–evolution controversy has a long history. Scientists had some ideas how evolution works. Because some of these theories contradict the literal interpretation of the creation myth in the Book of Genesis, religious people and organizations questioned these ideas. For a long time, only the priests could read the Bible, which was written in Latin or in Greek. It was only the priests who interpreted the texts in the Bible. The priests often said that the Book of Genesis should not be read literally and taught it as an allegory. With the advent of the printing press, the Bible was translated into other languages. More people were able to read and write, and more literal understandings of scripture flourished. This allowed some religious persons and groups to challenge scientists who supported evolution, such as biologists Thomas Henry Huxley and Ernst Haeckel. Creation–evolution controversy in the age of Darwin. The first people to speak about evolution were Empedocles and other Greek philosophers in Europe (5th century BCE), Taoism in Asia. The history of evolutionary thought in Christian theology dates back to Augustine of Hippo (4th century) and Thomas Aquinas (13th century). The modern creation–evolution controversy started in Europe and North America in the late 18th century. Discoveries in geology led to various theories of an ancient earth, and fossils showing past extinctions prompted early ideas of evolution. These ideas were particularly controversial in England, where both the natural world and the hierarchical social order were thought to be fixed by God's will. As the terrors of the French Revolution developed into the Napoleonic Wars, followed by economic depression threatening revolution in Great Britain itself, such subversive ideas were rejected, associated only with radical agitators. When the economy recovered, things improved.When the book "Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation" was anonymously published in 1844 its ideas of transmutation of species attracted wide public interest. The work was also attacked by the scientific establishment and many theologians who believed it to be in conflict with their interpretations of the biblical account of life's, especially humanity's, origin and development. However, radical Quakers, Unitarians and Baptists welcomed the book's ideas of "natural law" as supporting their struggle to overthrow the privileges of the Church of England. "Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation" remained a best-seller- It paved the way for widespread interest in the theory of natural selection. English naturalist Charles Darwin introduced this ideas in his 1859 book, "On the Origin of Species". Darwin's book was praised by Unitarians as well as by liberal Anglican theologians praised Darwin's book. Their "Essays and Reviews" (1860) was more controversial in Britain than Darwin's publication. Its support of higher criticism questioned the historical accuracy of literal interpretations of the Bible and added declarations that miracles were irrational. Darwin's book revolutionized the way naturalists viewed the world. The book and its promotion attracted attention and controversy, and many theologians reacted to Darwin's theories. For example, in his 1874 work "What is Darwinism?" the theologian Charles Hodge argued that Darwin's theories were like atheism. Thomas Henry Huxley, added to the controversy when he wrote that Christianity is a "...compound of some of the best and some of the worst elements of Paganism and Judaism. [influenced by] certain people of the Western world..." Perhaps the most uncompromising of the evolutionary philosophers was Ernst Haeckel, who dogmatically affirmed that nothing spiritual exists. A fundamenal change in the Protestant objections to evolution occurred after about 1875. Previously, citing Louis Agassiz and other scientific luminaries, Protestant contributors to religious quarterlies dismissed Darwin's theories as unscientific. After 1875, it became clear that the majority of naturalists were in favor of evolution, and a sizable minority of these Protestant contributors rejected Darwin's theory because it called into question the veracity of Scriptures. Even so, virtually none of these dissenters insisted on a young Earth. The greatest concern for creationists in the late 19th century was the issue of human ancestry. In the words of an 1896 religious tract: Creationists during this period were largely premillennialists; their belief in Christ's return depended on a quasi-literal reading of the Bible. However, they were not as concerned about geology, freely granting scientists any time they needed before the Edenic creation to account for scientific observations, such as fossils and geological findings. In the immediate post-Darwinian era, few scientists or clerics rejected the antiquity of the earth, the progressive nature of the fossil record. Likewise, few attached geological significance to the Biblical flood, unlike subsequent creationists. Evolutionary skeptics, creationist leaders and skeptical scientists were usually either willing to adopt a figurative reading of the first chapter of Genesis, or allowed that the six days of creation were not necessarily 24-hour days. Scopes Trial. At the start, the reaction in the United States matched the developments in Britain, and when Alfred Russel Wallace went there for a lecture tour in 1886–1887 his explanations of "Darwinism" were welcomed without any problems, but attitudes changed after the First World War. The controversy became political when public schools began teaching that man evolved from earlier forms of life per Darwin's theory of natural selection. In response, the U.S. state of Tennessee passed the Butler Act of 1925 prohibiting the teaching of any theory of the origins of humans that contradicted the teachings of the Bible. This law was tested in the highly publicized Scopes Trial of 1925. The law was upheld by the Tennessee Supreme Court, and remained on the books until 1967 when it was repealed. In 1968, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in "Epperson v. Arkansas" that banning the teaching of specific theories contravened the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution because their primary purpose was religious. ICR and the co-opting of the "creationist" label. John C. Whitcomb and Henry M. Morris' influential "The Genesis Flood: The Biblical Record and Its Scientific Implications" was published in 1961. The authors argued that creation was literally six days long, that humans lived at the same time as dinosaurs, and that God created each kind of life. When it was published, Morris became a popular speaker, spreading anti-evolutionary ideas at fundamentalist churches, colleges, and conferences. Morris set up the Creation Science Research Center (CSRC), an organization dominated by Baptists, as an adjunct to the Christian Heritage College. The CSRC rushed publication of biology text books that promoted creationism. These efforts were against the recommendations of Morris, who urged a more cautious and scientific approach. Ultimately, the CSRC broke up, and Morris founded the Institute for Creation Research in 1970. Morris promised that the ICR, unlike the CSRC, would be controlled and operated by scientists. During this time, Morris and others who supported flood geology, adopted the scientific sounding terms "scientific creationism" and "creation science". The flood geologists effectively co-opted "the generic creationist label for their hyperliteralist views." Previously, "creationism" was a generic term describing a philosophical perspective that presupposes the existence of a supernatural creator. The Catholic Church and evolution. Among the first recorded responses of a prominent Roman Catholic clergyman to Darwin's theory was that of the Blessed John Henry Newman, who in 1868, in a letter to a fellow priest, made the following comments: Some point to the fact that before ordination all Catholic priests have to study the teachings of Thomas Aquinas, who subscribed to an Aristotelian view of evolution, in which he posits that animal species evolve by means of mutations and natural law. More recent statements have been made by Pope John Paul II and Pope Benedict XVI that also support a theistic understanding of evolution. The current controversy. The controversy continues to this day. Ctrstionist organizations actively attack the scientific consensus on the origins and evolution of life.Many religious groups want to promote other forms of creationism (usually young Earth creationism (YEC), creation science, old Earth creationism or intelligent design (ID)) as an alternative. Most of these groups are explicitly Christian, and more than one sees the debate as part of the Christian mandate to evangelize. Some see science and religion has views that are so different that they cannot be reconciled. Mainstream churches and some scientists consider science and religion to be separate categories of thought, which ask fundamentally different questions about reality and propose different ways of investigating it. More recently, the intelligent design movement has taken an anti-evolution position which avoids any direct appeal to religion. However, Leonard Krishtalka, a paleontologist and an opponent of the movement, has called intelligent design "nothing more than creationism in a cheap tuxedo," and, in "Kitzmiller v.Dover Area School District" (2005) United States District Judge John E. Jones III ruled that "intelligent design is not science," but is "grounded in theology" and "cannot uncouple itself from its creationist, and thus religious, antecedents." Before the trial began, U.S. President George W. Bush commented endorsing the teaching of intelligent design alongside evolution "I felt like both sides ought to be properly taught ... so people can understand what the debate is about." Scientists argue that intelligent design does not represent any research program within the scientific community, and is opposed by most of the same groups who oppose creationism. The Green Book (Muammar Gaddafi) The Green Book ( al-Kitāb al-Aḫḍar) is a book written by Muammar al-Gaddafi, who was the leader of Libya until 2011. It explains his social and political philosophy. He wanted everyone to read the book because he believed that his philosophy could make the world a better place. It was first published in 1975. Importance. Libya. "The Green Book" was very important in Libya. Schoolchildren would spend 2 hours a week learning about it. Elsewhere. By 1993, colleges all around the world were having lectures and seminars about The Green Book. Contents. The books has 110 pages. It is divided into 3 parts: The book is against both capitalism and communism. Gaddafi was against communism because he thought it was not respectful to religion. Instead, he promoted Islamic socialism. It also rejects representative democracy. Summary. The table below gives a chapter-by-chapter summary of the book: Reception. A lot of people thought that Gadaffi didn't do a good job writing the book. They thought that the book was a bunch of proverbs rather than something with new and unique ideas or a strong argument. Cheesman's big-eyed tree frog Cheesman's big-eyed tree frog ("Nyctimystes cheesmani") is a tree frog from southeastern Papua New Guinea. The adult male frog is 47.6 to 56.5 mm long from nose to rear end, and the adult female frog is 54.7 to 65.0 mm long. It can be light brown to dark brown or green-brown in color. It has very dark eyes. It has purple color on some parts of its body. It has vomerine teeth in its upper jaw. Scientists found this frog in streams in forests that were open enough for the sunlight to come through. In 2020, the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature considered calling the frog "cheesmanae" but decided not to. Flat-headed cat The flat-headed cat ("Prionailurus planiceps") is a wildcat that lives in Indonesia and Malaysia. It used to live in Thailand but may be extinct there. This cat is 45 to 52 cm long (18 to 20 inches) and its tail is another 12 to 17 cm long (4.7 to 7 inches). It weights 1.5 to 2.5 kilograms (3.3 to 5.5 pounds). It is about the size of a domestic cat but its legs and tail are shorter, its body is longer, its paws are rounder, and its head is flatter. Its fur is red-brown and dark brown and it has white marks on its face and a white belly. Unlike most cats' claws, the flat-headed cat's claws do not retract all the way. The flat-headed cat lives in low rainforests, swamps, lakes, and forests with rivers in them. It catches its food in the water, and its body helps: Its teeth point backwards in its mouth so fish cannot get away. Its jaws are longer and narrower than other cats' jaws. It has some webbing between its toes. Some scientists think this cat likes water even more than the fishing cat does. When some scientists studying apes caught a flat-headed cat by accident, they let it go between a forest and a river. The cat ran to the river and dove in instead of running to the trees to hide. The scientists thought that the cat felt safer in the water than in the trees. Like other cats, the flat-headed cat sprays urine to mark its territory, but while other cats stand up and spray onto a tall object like a tree. The flat-headed cat crouches down and sprays while it walks, leaving its urine on the ground. The flat-headed cat is pregnant for 56 days. Female cats have one to four kittens at a time. In zoos, a flat-headed cat can live 14 years. Flat-headed cats are endangered because of pollution and because humans catch too many fish but mostly because humans have cut down the forests to build farms. Flat-headed cats like forests that are not too far above sea level, and this makes good farmland, so humans want it. Some scientists think that flat-headed cats can live in forests that have grown back after being cut down. Scientists do not think the flat-headed cat can hunt and live near farms the way the Iriomote cat does. Hotstar Disney+ Hotstar (known as Hotstar outside India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand), is an Indian over-the-top streaming service owned by Novi Digital Entertainment, a part of Disney's Star India. It has two paid subscription plans— "VIP", which has programmes from India and sports content (including Indian Premier League cricket), and "Premium" with movies and television series (including HBO, Showtime and other American original series) from other countries. , Disney+ Hotstar has at least 300 million active users. Beginning 1 September 2021, Hotstar discontinued in the United States and all of its content is moved into Hulu. Marvin Rees Marvin Johnathan Rees (born April 1972) is a British politician. Since May 2016, he has served as mayor of Bristol. He is a member of the Labour Party. Rees grew up in Bristol. He is mixed race. His mother is British, and his father is Jamaican. He is married and has three children. J. I. Packer James Innell Packer (July 22, 1926 – July 17, 2020), usually cited as J. I. Packer, was an English-born Canadian evangelical theologian in the low-church Anglican and Calvinist traditions. He was as the Board of Governors' Professor of Theology at Regent College in Vancouver, British Columbia. He was thought to be one of the most influential evangelicals in North America. He had been the theologian emeritus of the Anglican Church in North America. Packer was born in Twyning, England. Packer died on 17 July 2020 in Vancouver, British Columbia at the age of 93. Alex McCool Alex A. McCool Jr. (December 10, 1923 – July 14, 2020) was an American scientist. He was a manager of the Space Shuttle Projects Office at the NASA George C. Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. He worked on several space developments including Skylab and the Space Shuttle program. He was born in Daytona Beach, Florida. McCool died on July 14, 2020 in Huntsville, aged 96. José Paulo de Andrade José Paulo de Andrade (18 May 1942 – 17 July 2020) was a Brazilian journalist. He was born in São Paulo, Brazil. He was also a radio personality and television presenter. He presented the radio programs "O Pulo do Gato" and "Jornal da Bandeirantes Gente" from Rádio Bandeirantes São Paulo. Andrade died on 17 July 2020 in São Paulo from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and COVID-19, aged 78. Time Out Group Time Out Group is a global media and entertainment company. It includes websites, mobile editions, magazines, live events and markets. Time Out covers events, entertainment and culture in cities across the world. Time Out Group also gives entertainment, food, and drink recommendations to an international audience through print and digital platforms. Time Out was created in 1968, by founder Tony Elliott. Barry Jarman Barrington Noel Jarman OAM (17 February 1936 – 18 July 2020) was an Australian Test cricketer and International Cricket Council (ICC) match referee. He was born in Hindmarsh South Australia. Jarman made his South Australian district cricket debut as a 14-year-old wicket-keeper. Fourteen months and seven first-class matches later he was selected in the Australian team touring New Zealand, where he played in the unofficial Test series. In 1997 he was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia "for service to sport as a cricket player, coach and international cricket referee, and to horseracing in South Australia". Jarman died on 18 July 2020, aged 84. Igor Chernykh Igor Anatolievich Chernykh (June 12, 1932 – July 15, 2020) was a Russian cinematographer. He worked for Mosfilm. Chernykh was honored with Honored Artist of the RSFSR in 1988. He was best known for his works in "The Diamond Arm", "Particularly Important Task" and "Private Detective, or Operation Cooperation". Chernykh died on July 15, 2020 in Moscow from COVID-19, aged 88. Muhammad Mohaiminul Islam Muhammad Mohaiminul Islam (11 September 1941 – 14 July 2020) was a Bangladeshi military officer. He was chief of staff of Bangladesh Navy from 5 June 1991 to 3 June 1995. He was born in Kolaghat, Bengal. Islam died from COVID-19 in Dhaka on 16 July 2020, aged 78. Parliament of Sri Lanka The Parliament of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා පාර්ලිමේන්තුව "Shri Lanka Parlimenthuwa", Tamil: இலங்கை நாடாளுமன்றம்) is the supreme legislative body of Sri Lanka. It is legislative supremacy. It is modeled after the British Parliament. It is made up of 225 members known as Members of Parliament (MPs). Ashoka Wadigamangawa A. H. M. Ashoka Premlal Wadigamangawa also spelt as Asoka Wadigamangawa () () (7 January 1952 – 5 July 2020) was a Sri Lankan politician. He represented the United National Party, Sri Lanka Freedom Party and United People's Freedom Alliance during his political career. He was a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka between 1989 to 1994. Wadigamangawa died in a car crash on 5 July 2020, aged 68. Tong Binggang Tong Binggang (; September 28, 1927 – July 9, 2020) was a Chinese physicist. He was an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He was born in Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu. In 1961, he was transferred to the University of Science and Technology of China, where he was promoted to full professor in 1981. Tong died on 9 July 2020 in Beijing, aged 92. Ed Wild Leonard Edwin Wild (22 January 1935 – 10 July 2020) was a Canadian basketball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics. He was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. Wild died on 10 July 2020 in Vancouver, aged 85. Dick Williams (magician) Dick Williams (17 July 1927 – 10 July 2020) was an American television and radio presenter and magician. He held the Guinness World Record for hosting the longest-running television magic show in the world. He was known under the name "Mr Magic" he presented the show "Magicland" on WMC-TV in Tennessee from 1966 until his retirement in 1989. He was born in Kansas. Williams died on 10 July 2020, aged 92. Elizabeth Harrower (writer) Elizabeth Harrower (8 February 1928 – 7 July 2020) was an Australian novelist and short story writer. She was known as "one of the great novelists of Sydney". She was born in Sydney. Her best known works were "Down in the City", "The Watch Tower" and "In Certain Circles". Harrower died on 7 July 2020 in Sydney, aged 92. Luis Arias Graziani Luis Alfonso Arias Graziani (21 April 1926 – 13 July 2020) was a Peruvian military official and politician. He was born in the Yungay Province, Peru. He was an Air Force general in Peru. He was a key member of the Francisco Morales-Bermúdez cabinet. He was the Minister of Commerce between 1974 to 1977 and Minister of Defence between 1978 to 1980. In 1979, he was Chief of the Joint Command. Arias Graziani died on 13 July 2020 in Lima from COVID-19, aged 94. Santiago Manuin Valera Santiago Manuin Valera (1 January 1957 – 1 July 2020) was a Peruvian human rights activist and indigenous leader. He was born in Condorcanqui Province, Peru. He was a key leader of the Aguaruna people in Peru. He was President of the Committee for the Struggle for Respect for Indigenous Peoples of the Condorcanqui. He was a critic of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement. Manuin Valera died on 1 July 2020 from COVID-19 in Chiclayo, Peru at the age of 63. Seyfi Dursunoğlu Seyfi Dursunoğlu (1 October 1932 – 17 July 2020), also known by his stage name Huysuz Virjin ("Grumpy Virgin"), was a Turkish comedian and television presenter. He was born in Trabzon, Turkey. He was known for hosting "Huysuz'la Dans Eder misin?" on Show TV. He also was a judge on "Benzemez Kimse Sana". Dursunoğlu died of pneumonia caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on 17 July 2020 in Istanbul, aged 87. Marian Więckowski Marian Więckowski (8 September 1933 – 17 July 2020) was a Polish racing cyclist. He won the Tour de Pologne in 1954, 1955 and 1956. He was born in Warsaw. Więckowski died on 17 July 2020 in Warsaw, aged 86. Huey Lewis Hugh Anthony Cregg III (born July 5, 1950), better known as Huey Lewis, is an American singer, songwriter and actor. For his band, Huey Lewis and the News, he is the lead singer and plays harmonica. The group is known for their third best-selling album "Sports" and work on the soundtrack of the movie "Back to the Future" (1985). He was also a member of the band Clover from 1972 to 1979. Lewis was born in New York City. He grew up in Marin County, California. His Irish-American father, Hugh Anthony Cregg Jr., was from Boston. His Polish mother, Maria Magdalena Barcinski, was from Warsaw. His grandfather, Hugh Cregg, was a Massachusetts lawyer and politician. Lewis has two children with Sidney Conroy. The couple's marriage ended in divorce. He has Ménière's disease. Lewis lives in Stevensville, Montana. Stevensville, Montana Stevensville is a town in Ravalli County, Montana, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 1,809. Ekaterina Alexandrovskaya Ekaterina Dmitriyevna Alexandrovskaya (; 1 January 2000 – 17 July 2020) was a Russian-Australian pair skater. With skating partner, Harley Windsor, she was the 2017 CS Tallinn Trophy champion, the 2017 CS Nebelhorn Trophy bronze medallist, the 2018 CS U.S. Classic bronze medallist and a two-time Australian national champion (2016 and 2018). Alexandrovskaya was born in Moscow. She became an Australian citizen in October 2017. On 17 July 2020, she killed herself in Moscow at the age of 20. Henrik Ripa Henrik Ripa (14 May 1968 – 12 July 2020) was a Swedish politician. He was a member of the Swedish Parliament from 2010 to 2014. Ripa represented the northern constituency of Västra Götaland. Between 1998 and 2010 he was chairman of the municipality of Lerum. Ripa died on 12 July 2020, aged 52. Roger Côté Roger Côté (December 22, 1939 – July 16, 2020) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He played 155 games in the World Hockey Association for the Edmonton Oilers and Indianapolis Racers. Côté was born in Belleterre, Quebec. He died on 16 July 2020, aged 80. Derek Ho Derek Ho (September 26, 1964 — July 17, 2020) was an American surfer. He won the World Surf League championship in 1993. Ho was born in Kailua, Hawaii. On July 17, 2020, Derek Ho suffered a heart attack and died at a Honolulu hospital, aged 55. Alefoso Yalayalatabua Alefoso Yalayalatabua (22 January 1977 – 18 July 2020) was a Fijian rugby union player. He played as a prop. He played for Fiji Warriors. He was born in Suva, Fiji. Yalayalatabua was first capped for Fiji. He was in his country's squad at the 2007 Rugby World Cup finals, playing a single game. Yalayalatabua died on 18 July 2020, aged 43. Ashraf Hossain Ashraf Hossain ( – 18 July 2020) was a Bangladeshi politician. He was a member of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. He was a member of the Jatiya Sangsad between 1991 to 1996 and again from 2006 to 2008. Hossain was born in Dhaka. Hossain died on 18 July 2020 at a hospital in Dhaka from cancer, aged 79. Haruma Miura was a Japanese actor and singer. He made his acting debut in 1997. He became well known in the mid-2000s starring in "Gokusen 3" and the 2007 movie "Koizora". He also starred as Eren Jaeger in the 2015 movie "Attack on Titan". Miura was born in Tsuchiura, Japan. Miura was found dead at his home in Tokyo on July 18, 2020 at the age of 30. The cause of death was suicide by hanging. Manuel C. Sobreviñas Manuel Cruz Sobreviñas (7 April 1924 – 18 July 2020) was a Filipino prelate of the Catholic Church. He was born in Dinalupihan, Philippines. He was ordained a priest on March 10, 1951. Sobreviñas was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Manila on April 7, 1979. On February 25, 1993 he was appointed bishop to the Diocese of Imus until retirement on October 22, 2001. Sobreviñas died on 18 July 2020 at a hospital in Manila, aged 96. West Hazleton, Pennsylvania West Hazleton is a borough in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, south of Wilkes Barre. The population was 4,594 as of the 2010 census. Donnie Brasco (movie) Donnie Brasco is a 1997 American crime drama movie directed by Mike Newell. It stars Al Pacino and Johnny Depp. Michael Madsen, Bruno Kirby, James Russo, and Anne Heche appeared in supporting roles. It is based on the 1988 nonfiction book "" by Joseph D. Pistone. It was nominated for an Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay. Joseph D. Pistone Joseph Dominick Pistone (born September 17, 1939), also known by his undercover alias Donnie Brasco, is an American former FBI agent. He worked undercover between September 1976 and July 1981 as part of an undercover job into the Bonanno crime family and the Colombo crime family, two of the Five Families of the Mafia in New York City. Pistone was an FBI agent for 17 years, from 1969 until he resigned in 1986. The evidence collected by Pistone led to over 200 indictments and over 100 convictions of Mafia members. Colombo crime family The Colombo crime family (pronounced ) is the youngest of the "Five Families" that was a large important group in organized crime activities in New York City, United States. It was during Lucky Luciano's organization of the American Mafia after the Castellammarese War, and the assassinations of Giuseppe "Joe The Boss" Masseria and Salvatore Maranzano, that the gang run by Joseph Profaci was known as the Profaci crime family. Profaci would rule his family without interruption or challenge until the late 1950s. The family has been torn by three internal wars. Bonanno crime family The Bonanno crime family (pronounced ) is one of the "Five Families" that dominate organized crime activities in New York City, and in the United States. The family was known as the Maranzano crime family until its founder Salvatore Maranzano was murdered in 1931. Joseph Bonanno was awarded most of Maranzano's operations. Under the leadership of Bonanno between the 1930s and 1960s, the family was one of the most powerful in the country. In the early 1960s, Bonanno tried to kill several leaders of the Commission, but failed. Bonanno had disappeared from 1964 to 1966. Between 1976 and 1981, the family was spied by an FBI agent calling himself Donnie Brasco, the family became the first of the New York families to be kicked off the Commission. Lucchese crime family The Lucchese crime family (pronounced ) is one of the "Five Families" that were key figures organized crime activities in New York City, United States. The family originated in the early 1920s with Gaetano Reina serving as boss up until his murder in 1930. It was taken over by Tommy Gagliano during the Castellammarese War, and led by him until his death in 1951. Known as the Gagliano crime family under Gagliano, was peaceful and low key. The next boss was Tommy Lucchese who served as Gagliano's underboss for over 20 years, who turned the family around to become one of the most powerful families to sit on the Commission. Lucchese teamed up with Gambino crime family boss Carlo Gambino to control organized crime in New York City. When Lucchese died of a brain tumor in 1967, Carmine Tramunti controlled the family for a short time. He was arrested in 1973 for funding a major heroin network and died five years later. Anthony Corallo then gained control of the family. Co Spellbound (1945 movie) Spellbound is a 1945 American romantic psychological thriller movie directed by Alfred Hitchcock and based on the 1927 novel "The House of Dr. Edwardes" by Hilary Saint George Saunders and John Palmer. It stars Ingrid Bergman, Gregory Peck, Michael Chekhov, Leo G. Carroll, Rhonda Fleming, Norman Lloyd and was distributed by United Artists. It was nominated for 6 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1946. Grethe Ryen Grethe Ryen (24 November 1949 – 5 July 2020) was a Norwegian actress. She played at the Norwegian touring theatre Riksteatret from 1974 to 1975, Teatret Vårt from 1975 to 1977, and, after 1977, at Det Norske Teatret. She appeared many movies such as "Karjolsteinen" and "Den sommeren jeg fylte 15". She was born in Oslo. Ryen died on 5 July 2020 in Oslo, aged 70. Ali Mirzaei Ali Mirzaei (, 28 January 1929 – 18 July 2020) was an Iranian weightlifter. He competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics, winning a bronze medal. He was born in Tehran. He also competed at the 1951 and 1954 World Weightlifting Championships. He also participated at the Asian Games in 1951. Mirzaei died on 18 July 2020 in Tehran, aged 91. Jope Ruonansuu Jorma Olavi "Jope" Ruonansuu (15 April 1964 – 18 July 2020) was a Finnish actor, impressionist, musician and stand-up comedian. He was born in Kemi, Finland. He won the Best performer Venla award in 2010. In 2005, he began hosting the comedy sketch show "Jopet Show". Ruonansuu was diagnosed with esophageal cancer in 2018. He died on 18 July 2020 in Helsinki from the disease, aged 56. Unicoi County, Tennessee Unicoi County () is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,313. Its county seat is Erwin. "Unicoi" is a Cherokee word meaning "white". Bristol, Tennessee Bristol is a city in Sullivan County, Tennessee, United States. Its population was 26,702 at the 2010 census. It is the twin city of Bristol, Virginia, which lies directly across the state line between Tennessee and Virginia. The boundary between the two cities is also the state line, which runs along State Street in their common downtown district. Bristol is a principal city of the Kingsport−Bristol−Bristol, TN-VA metropolitan statistical area, which is a component of the Johnson City−Kingsport−Bristol, TN-VA Combined Statistical Area − commonly known as the "Tri-Cities" region. Bristol is probably best known for being the site of some of the first commercial recordings of country music. The U.S. Congress declared Bristol as the "Birthplace of Country Music" in 1998, and the Birthplace of Country Music Museum is located in Bristol. It also is the birthplace of Tennessee Ernie Ford. Bristol is also the site of Bristol Motor Speedway, a NASCAR racetrack that is one of the best-known in the country. History. Before 1852, Bristol was owned by Reverend James King. His son-in-law, Mr. Joseph R. Anderson, bought 100 acres of the plantation, and named it Bristol after Bristol, Connecticut. The G.W. Blackley House, one of the oldest houses in Bristol, was constructed in 1869. Media. Television: Note-WEMT is licensed to Greeneville, Tennessee, but co-located with sister station WCYB-TV. Sullivan County, Tennessee Sullivan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 156,823. It's county seat is Blountville. California State Capitol The California State Capitol is a government building in Sacramento, California. It is the place where the California State Legislature meets. It also has the office of the Governor of California. The building was built between 1861 and 1874. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It was also listed as a California Historical Landmark in 1974 and 1982. The building was damaged by two earthquakes in 1892. Repairs were done between 1975 and 1982 to fix the damage. The building is tall to the top of the dome. Blountville, Tennessee Blountville is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Sullivan County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 3,074 at the 2010 census. It is the only Tennessee county seat not to be an incorporated city or town. Hawkins County, Tennessee Hawkins County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 56,833. Its county seat is Rogersville. Rogersville, Tennessee Rogersville is a town in, and the county seat of, Hawkins County, Tennessee, United States. It was settled in 1775 by the grandparents of Davy Crockett, and is the second-oldest town in the state. The population of Rogersville as of the 2010 census was 4,420. Olavo de Carvalho Olavo Luiz Pimentel de Carvalho (29 April 1947 – 24 January 2022) was a Brazilian polemicist, philosopher, political pundit, former astrologer and journalist. Works. In the 1980s and 1990s, he become known for writing columns for some of Brazil's major media outlets, such as the newspaper "O Globo". In the 2000s, he began to use personal blogs and social media to convey his strongly conservative and anti-communist ideas. Conspiracy theories. Carvalho spread the false conspiracy theory that Barack Obama was not born in the United States. He also made up the fake information that a book written by Fernando Haddad, the opponent of Jair Bolsonaro during the 2018 Brazilian general election, supported incest. In a 2016 Twitter post, Carvalho said that "vaccines either kill you or drive you crazy. Never vaccinate your children." In a January 2021 interview, Carvalho falsely claimed that election fraud took place in the 2020 American presidential election. During the same interview Carvalho falsely said that Joe Biden had Parkinson's disease and that Biden and Kamala Harris were working for the Chinese government. Personal life. In 2005, he moved to Richmond, Virginia. Carvalho died of COVID-19 in Richmond on 24 January 2022, aged 74. Porte-de-Benauge Porte-de-Benauge is a commune. It is found in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2019 and consists of the former communes of Arbis (the seat) and Cantois. Margaux-Cantenac Margaux-Cantenac is a commune. It is found in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Margaux (the seat) and Cantenac. To Live and Die in L.A. To Live and Die in L.A. is a 1985 American neo-noir action thriller movie set in Los Angeles and was directed by William Friedkin. It stars William Petersen, Willem Dafoe, John Pankow and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Bug (2006 movie) Bug is a 2006 American German psychological horror movie directed by William Friedkin and is based on the 1996 play of the same name by Tracy Letts who also wrote the screenplay. It stars Ashley Judd, Michael Shannon, Lynn Collins, Brían F. O'Byrne, Harry Connick Jr. and was distributed by Lions Gate Entertainment. St Margaret's, Westminster The Church of St Margaret, Westminster Abbey is an Anglican church in Westminster, London, England. It is in the grounds of Westminster Abbey next to the Palace of Westminster. It was the church of the House of Commons since 1614 - 1972. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site called "Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey and Saint Margaret's Church". The church was first started in the 12th century by Benedictine monks. The building that stands now was built between 1486 and 1523. The church is dedicated to Margaret of Antioch. St. Margaret's is the parish church for this part of Westminster. Other grand ecclesiastical places in the area do not perform this function. Until modern times, Westminster had large numbers of ordinary people living in the parish who could not, or did not, use the grand churches for their spiritual needs. About Endlessness About Endlessness () is a 2019 Swedish German Norwegian drama movie directed by Roy Andersson and stars Ania Nova, Lesley Leichtweis Bernardi, Martin Serner, Tatiana Delaunay, Jan-Eje Ferling, Thore Flygel, Karin Engman, Magnus Wallgren. In 2019, it won the Silver Lion for Best Direction at the Venice Film Festival. Val-de-Livenne Val-de-Livenne is a commune. It is found in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2019 and consists of the former communes of Saint-Caprais-de-Blaye (the seat) and Marcillac. Castets et Castillon Castets et Castillon is a commune. It is found in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2017 and consists of the former communes of Castets-en-Dorthe (the seat) and Castillon-de-Castets. Onslow County, North Carolina Onslow County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2010, 177,772 people lived there. Its county seat is Jacksonville. Wayne County, North Carolina Wayne County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2010, 122,623 people lived there. Its county seat is Goldsboro It is the home to Seymour Johnson Air Force Base. Altenkirchen Altenkirchen is a town in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is the capital of the district of Altenkirchen. As of 2018, 6,263 people lived there. Olpe, Germany Olpe is a town in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is the capital of the district of Olpe. Hingstheide Hingstheide is a municipality of the district Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Betzdorf, Luxembourg Betzdorf () is a commune and town in eastern Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Grevenmacher. As of 2019, 4,002 people live here. Flaxweiler Flaxweiler () is a commune and town in southeastern Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Grevenmacher. As of 2019, 2,145 people live here. Junglinster Junglinster () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Grevenmacher. As of 2019, 7,802 people live here. Mareike Miller Mareike Miller (born 3 August 1990) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship. Manternach Manternach is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Grevenmacher. As of 2019, 2,163 people live here. Mertert Mertert () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Grevenmacher. As of 2019, 4,563 people live here. Wormeldange Wormeldange (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Grevenmacher. As of 2019, 2,921 people live here. Boulaide Boulaide (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Wiltz. As of 2019, 1,307 people live here. Differdange Differdange (, ) is a commune with town status in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Esch-sur-Alzette. As of 2019, 26,796 people live here. Esch-sur-Sûre Esch-sur-Sûre (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Wiltz. As of 2019, 2,715 people live there. On 1 January 2012, the former communes of Heiderscheid and Neunhausen merged to form the commune of Esch-sur-Sûre. Goesdorf Goesdorf () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Wiltz. As of 2019, 1,542 people lived here. Kiischpelt Kiischpelt is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Wiltz. The administrative center is Wilwerwiltz. Kiischpelt was created on 1 January 2006 from the former communes of Kautenbach and Wilwerwiltz. As of 2019, 1,201 people live here. Lac de la Haute-Sûre Lac de la Haute-Sûre (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Wiltz. As of 2019, 1,952 people live here. Winseler Winseler () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Wiltz. As of 2019, 1,365 people live here. Käerjeng Käerjeng is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Capellen. It was created on 1 January 2012 from the former communes of Bascharage and Clemency. As of 2019, 10,409 people live here. Dippach Dippach () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Capellen. As of 2019, 4,333 people live here. Bascharage Bascharage (, ) is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Capellen. Since 2012, it is part of the new commune of Käerjeng. Porum, Oklahoma Porum is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Bertrange Bertrange (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg. As of 2019, 8,282 people live here. Johanna Welin Johanna Welin (born 24 June 1984) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship. Contern Contern () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg. As of 2021, 3,968 people in the commune of Contern but the town itself in the middle of the commune is home to 1743 people as of 2022. The other villages in Contern are Moutfort, Oetrange, Medingen and Milbech. Contern also has various hamlets: Hesperange Hesperange (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg. As of 2019, 15,479 people live here. Simone Kues Simone Kues (born 8 November 1976) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a silver medal at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, 2010 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, and 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship. Anne Patzwald Anne Patzwald (born 17 February 1985) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship. She played for Hamburger SV. Annika Zeyen Annika Zeyen (born 17 February 1985) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a silver medal at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2004 Summer Paralympics and 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship. Biełarus Belarus (, , literally, "The Belarusian") is a Belarusian newspaper in the United States. It is made from September, 20, 1950. The newspaper is printed by the Belarusian-American Association in New York. Laura Fürst Laura Fürst (born 23 April 1991) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2011 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2015 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship. Gesche Schünemann Gesche Schünemann (born 3 August 1990) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a silver medal at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2010 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship and 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship. Maya Lindholm Maya Lindholm (born 20 December 1990) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2011 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship. Annabel Breuer Annabel Breuer (born 23 October 1992) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2011 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2015 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, and 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship. Sourdough Sourdough bread is made by the fermentation of dough using naturally occurring lactobacilli and yeast. It uses biological leavening rather than cultivated baker's yeast. The lactic acid produced by the lactobacilli gives it a more sour taste and improved keeping qualities. History. In the "Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology", Michael Gaenzle writes: "The origins of bread-making are so ancient that everything said about them must be pure speculation. One of the oldest sourdough breads dates from 3700 BCE and was excavated in Switzerland, but the origin of sourdough fermentation likely relates to the origin of agriculture in the Fertile Crescent several thousand years earlier ... Bread production relied on the use of sourdough as a leavening agent for most of human history; the use of baker's yeast as a leavening agent dates back less than 150 years." Pliny the Elder described the sourdough method in his "Natural History": Sourdough remained the usual form of leavening down into the European Middle Ages. Im modern times, barm from the beer brewing process replaced it, at first. Later, there was specially grown yeast. Bread made from 100% rye flour is popular in the northern half of Europe. It is usually leavened with sourdough. Baker's yeast is not useful as a leavening agent for rye bread, because rye does not contain enough gluten. The structure of rye bread is based primarily on the starch in the flour, as well as other carbohydrates known as pentosans. however, rye amylase is active at much higher temperatures than wheat amylase, causing the structure of the bread to disintegrate as the starches are broken down during cooking. The lowered pH of a sourdough starter, therefore, inactivates the amylases when heat cannot, allowing the carbohydrates in the bread to gel and set properly. In the southern part of Europe, where panettone was originally made with sourdough, sourdough has become less common in recent times. It has been replaced by the faster-growing baker's yeast. Sometimes longer fermentation rests are used to allow for some bacterial activity to build flavor. In English-speaking countries, wheat-based breads arte more common. Sourdough is no longer the standard method for bread leavening. It was gradually replaced, first by the use of barm from beer making, then, after the confirmation of germ theory by Louis Pasteur, by cultured yeasts. Although sourdough bread was superseded in commercial bakeries in the 20th century, it has undergone a revival among artisan bakers. Manufacturers of non-sourdough breads make up for the lack of yeast and bacterial culture by introducing into their dough an artificially-made mix known as bread improver or flour improver. Preparation. Starter. The preparation of sourdough begins with a pre-ferment (the "starter" or "leaven", also known as the "chief", "chef", "head", "mother" or "sponge"), a fermented mixture of flour and water, containing a colony of microorganisms including wild yeast and lactobacilli. The purpose of the starter is to produce a vigorous leaven and to develop the flavour of the bread. In practice there are several kinds of starters. Flour already contains different kinds of yeast and bacteria spores. When flour comes in contact with water, the enzyme amylase breaks down the starch into different sugars. The yeast which is part of sourdough, can use these sugars. The mixture will develop into a stable bacteria culture, which will use fermentation. The yeast will produce carbon dioxide as a by-product of fermentation, which will leaven the dough. Obtaining a satisfactory rise from sourdough takes longer than a dough leavened with baker's yeast because the yeast in a sourdough is less vigorous. In the presence of lactic acid bacteria, however, some sourdough yeasts have been observed to produce twice the gas of baker's yeast. The acidic conditions in sourdough, along with the bacteria also producing enzymes that break down proteins, result in weaker gluten and may produce a denser finished product. Refreshment of the starter. As it ferments, sometimes for several days, the volume of the starter is increased by periodic additions of flour and water, called "refreshments". As long as this starter culture is fed flour and water regularly it will remain active. The ratio of fermented starter to fresh flour and water is critical in the development and maintenance of a starter. This ratio is called the "refreshment ratio". Higher refreshment ratios are associated with greater microbial stability in the sourdough. In San Francisco sourdough, the ratio is 40% of the total weight, which is roughly equivalent to 67% of the new-dough's weight. A high refreshment ratio keeps acidity of the refreshed dough relatively low. Acidity levels of below pH 4.0 inhibit lactobacilli and favour acid-tolerant yeasts. A starter prepared from scratch with a salted wheat-rye dough takes about 54 hours at to stabilise at a pH between 4.4 and 4.6. 4% salt inhibits "L. sanfranciscensis", while "C. milleri" can withstand 8%. A drier and cooler starter has less bacterial activity and more yeast growth, which results in the bacterial production of more acetic acid relative to lactic acid. Conversely, a wetter and warmer starter has more bacterial activity and less yeast growth, with more lactic acid relative to acetic acid. The yeasts produce mainly CO2 and ethanol. High amounts of lactic acid are desired in rye and mixed-rye fermentations, while relatively higher amounts of acetic acid are desired in wheat fermentations. A dry, cool starter produces a sourer loaf than a wet, warm one. Firm starters (such as the Flemish Desem starter, which may be buried in a large container of flour to prevent drying out) tend to be more resource-intensive than wet ones. Intervals between refreshments. A stable culture in which "L. sanfranciscensis" is the dominant bacterium requires a temperature between and refreshments every 24 hours for about two weeks. Refreshment intervals of longer than three days acidify the dough and may change the microbial ecosystem. The intervals between refreshments of the starter may be reduced in order to increase the rate of gas (CO2) production, a process described as "acceleration." In this process, the ratio of yeasts to lactobacilli may be altered. Generally, if once-daily refreshment-intervals have not been reduced to several hours, the percentage amount of starter in the final dough should be reduced to obtain a satisfactory rise during proof. Faster starter processes, requiring fewer refreshments, have been devised, sometimes using commercial sourdough starters as inoculants. These starters generally fall into two types. One is made from traditionally maintained and stable starter doughs, often dried, in which the ratios of microorganisms are uncertain. Another is made from microorganisms carefully isolated from Petri dishes, grown into large, homogeneous populations in fermentors, and processed into combined baker's products with numerically defined ratios and known quantities of microorganisms well suited to particular bread styles. Baking. The starter must be fed 4 to 12 hours prior to being added to dough, by mixing flour and water to the starter. This creates an active leaven, which should grow in size and is ready to use when it is bubbly and floats in water. The leaven is mixed with flour and water to make a final dough of the desired consistency. The starter weight is usually 13% to 25% of the total flour weight, though formulas may vary. The dough is shaped into loaves, left to rise, and then baked. A number of 'no knead' methods are available for sourdough bread. Due to the length of time sourdough bread takes to proof, many bakers may refrigerate their loaves prior to baking. This process is known as 'retardation' to slow down the proofing process. This process has the added benefit of developing a richer flavoured bread. Because the rise time of most sourdough starters is longer than that of breads made with baker's yeasts, sourdough starters are generally unsuitable for use in a bread machine. However, sourdough that has been proved over many hours, using a sourdough starter or mother dough, can then be transferred to the machine, utilizing only the baking segment of the bread-making program, bypassing timed mechanical kneading by the machine's paddle. This may be convenient for single loaf production, but the complex blistered and slashed crust characteristics of oven-baked sourdough bread cannot be achieved in a bread making machine, as this usually requires the use of a baking stone in the oven and misting of the dough to produce steam. Furthermore, ideal crust development requires loaves of shapes not achievable in a machine's loaf tin. Annegret Brießmann Annegret Brießmann (born 28 July 1972) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship. Marina Mohnen Marina Mohnen (born 31 October 1978) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a silver medal at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2010 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship. Barbara Gross Barbara Gross (born 20 November 1993) is a German wheelchair basketball player. She won a silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2015 Women's U25 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship. She played for University of Alabama. Ilse Arts Ilse Arts (born 7 June 1990) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2017 Women's Wheelchair Basketball European Championship and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship. She is from Wijchen, Netherlands. She played association football for SC Woezik. She was injured after a motorcycle accident. She plays for Hot Rolling Bears Essen in the 2. Rollstuhlbasketball-Bundesliga. Sapardi Djoko Damono Sapardi Djoko Damono (March 20, 1940 – July 19, 2020) was an Indonesian poet. He was known for lyrical poems. He was widely known as the pioneer of lyrical poetry in Indonesia. Sapardi also translated many literary works from other countries into Indonesian. These include the literary works of T.S. Eliot, Khalil Gibran and Jalaludin Rumi; his translation of Ernest Hemingway’s "The Old Man and the Sea". Damono died in South Tangerang, Banten on July 19, 2020 from multiple organ failure, aged 80. Lucio Urtubia Lucio Urtubia Jiménez (18 February 1931 – 18 July 2020) was a Spanish anarchist. He was known for his anarchism. He was compared to Robin Hood. Urtubia carried out bank robberies and forgeries throughout the 1960s and 1970s. In the words of Albert Boadella, "Lucio is a Quijote that did not fight against wind mills, but against a true giant". Urtubia died on July 18, 2020, aged 89. Albert Boadella Albert Boadella Oncins (born 30 July 1943) is a Spanish actor and playwright. He was the director of the company of the independent theater Els Joglars until 2012. Boadella was born in Barcelona. In 2003 he wrote the screenplay and directed the movie "Buen viaje, excelencia", a caricature of the last months of life of the general Franco. In December 2012 he was awarded the Alfonso Ussía awards in the category of Person of the Year, together with Arturo Fernández. Henrique Soares da Costa Henrique Soares da Costa (11 April 1963 – 18 July 2020) was a Brazilian Roman Catholic bishop. He was bishop of the diocese of Palmares from 2014 until 2020. He was born in Penedo, Alagoas. Costa died in Recife, Brazil on 18 July 2020 from COVID-19, aged 57. Rick Reed (umpire) Rick Alan Reed (March 3, 1950 – July 16, 2020) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball. He joined the American League staff in 1979. He worked throughout both major leagues from 2000 to 2009. He was named a crew chief in 1999. Reed wore uniform number 23. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. Reed died on July 16, 2020 in Detroit at the age of 70. Brigid Berlin Brigid Berlin (September 6, 1939 – July 17, 2020) was an American artist and Warhol superstar. She was born in New York City. She was known for working as an artistic model for Andy Warhol. She starred as herself in the 1966 Warhol movie "Chelsea Girls". Berlin died of cardiac arrest from a pulmonary embolism in New York City on July 17, 2020 at the age of 80. Pierre-Marie Coty Pierre-Marie Coty (22 November 1927 – 17 July 2020) was an Ivorian Roman Catholic bishop. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1955. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Daloa, Ivory Coast from 1975 to 2005. Coty died on 17 July 2020, aged 92. Paul Morrissey Paul Morrissey (born February 23, 1938) is an American movie director. He was born in New York City. Morrissey is best known for his works with Andy Warhol. His best known movie is "Trash" (1970). Vishnu Raj Atreya Vishnu Raj Atreya (; 10 November 1944 – 18 July 2020) was a Nepali writer and poet. He wrote in Nepali language, Sanskrit language and Awadhi language. He used the title "Latosaathi" () in his poetry works when his career began in 1963. He known to be the first person to start writing Haiku in Sanskrit language. Atreya was born in Kapilbastu, Nepal. He was a Professor of Navya Vyakaran in Nepal Sanskrit University for seventeen years between 1996 and 2013. Atreya was diagnosed with gallbladder cancer in early 2019. He died on 18 July 2020 from the disease, aged 75. S. O. Davies Stephen Owen Davies (1886 or 1887 – 25 February 1972) was a Welsh miner, trade union official and politician. He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Merthyr Tydfil from 1950 to 1972, and previously Merthyr from 1934 to 1950. He was a member of the Labour Party. Davies was born in Abercwmboi, Glamorgan. In 1972, he died in Merthyr Tydfil at the age of 85. Mazhilis The Mazhilis (, also transliterated as Majilis; "Assembly" in Kazakh) is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Kazakhstan, known as the "Parlamenti", in the Government of Kazakhstan. The upper house of Parliament is the Senate of Kazakhstan. There are 107 seats (98+9). Members of Parliament are elected to five-year terms. Parliament of Kazakhstan The Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan (; ) is the bicameral legislature of Kazakhstan. The lower house is the Mazhilis, with 107 seats which are elected to four year terms. The upper house is the Senate, which has 47 members. As of January 2007, 10% of the parliament's representatives are women and 19% of local and city council officials are women. Senate of Kazakhstan The Senate of Kazakhastan (, "Qazaqstan Parlamentiniń Senaty") is the upper house of two chambers in Kazakhstan's legislature, known as the Parliament ("Parlamenti"). The Senate is made of elected members two from each region, the city of republican importance (Almaty) and the capital city of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Fifteen members are appointed by the President of Kazakhstan with the view to ensure representation for all the diverse national, cultural components of society. The term of office for the members of the Senate is 6 years. Dariga Nazarbayeva Dariga Nursultanqyzy Nazarbayeva (, born 7 May 1963) is a Kazakh politician. She was a member of the Mazhilis from 2004 to 2007, then again from 2012 to 2015. From 2014, Nazarbayeva was the Deputy Chair of Mazhilis until she became a Deputy Prime Minister, where was from 2015 until she became the member of the Senate in 2016. She was the Chair of the Senate of Kazakhstan from 2019 to 2020. She is the daughter of former President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev. Nikolai Tanayev Nikolay Timofeyevich Tanayev (; 5 November 1945 – 19 July 2020) was a Kyrgyz politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 2002 to 2005, under President Askar Akayev. Tanayev was an ethnic Russian. On 19 July 2020, he died in Moscow at the age of 74. Kubatbek Boronov Kubatbek Ayilchiyevich Boronov (, "Kubatbek Ayılçiyeviç Boronov"; born 15 December 1964) is a Kyrgyz politician. In June 2020, he became the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan. He resigned on 6 October 2020. Linda Purl Linda Purl (born September 2, 1955) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Ashley Pfister on "Happy Days", Sheila Munroe in the 1982 horror movie "Visiting Hours", Pam Beesly's mother Helene in "The Office", and Ben Matlock's daughter Charlene Matlock for the first season of the television series "Matlock". Icelandic Phallological Museum The Icelandic Phallological Museum () has the world's largest display of penises and penile parts. As of early 2020 the museum moved to a new location in Hafnartorg in Reykjavík, Iceland. The collection holds well over 300 penises from more than 100 species of mammal. The museum also holds 22 penises from creatures and peoples of Icelandic folklore. In July 2011, the museum got its first human penis, however it decomposed quickly. The museum continues to search for "a younger and a bigger and better one." It was founded in 1997 by since-then retired teacher Sigurður Hjartarson. The museum has become a popular tourist attraction with thousands of visitors a year and has received international media attention, including a Canadian documentary movie called "The Final Member", which is about the museum's quest to obtain a human penis. René Carmans René Carmans (16 March 1945 – 18 July 2020) was a Belgian footballer. He played as a goalkeeper. He was named ‘Black Panther’ because he was always wearing black clothes. Carmans played for K.F.C. Diest from 1962 until 1975. He was the first keeper from 1964 until the mid 1970s. Carmans died on 18 July 2020 from heart disease, aged 75. Myrzageldy Kemel Myrzageldy Kemel (; ; 15 January 1949 – 18 July 2020) was a Kazakh writer, economist, politician and academic. He was a member of the Supreme Kenges from 1994 to 1995 and a member of the Mazhilis from 1995 to 2004. He published 10 books about spirituality. Kemel died on 18 July 2020, aged 71. Inge Huitzing Inge Huitzing (born 19 April 1974) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2008 Summer Paralympics and 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship. Chi Chi DeVayne Zavion Davenport (September 24, 1985 – August 20, 2020), known by his stage name Chi Chi DeVayne, was an American drag queen and reality television personality. DeVayne became well known after she appeared on the eighth season of "RuPaul's Drag Race" and the third season of "RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars". DeVayne was born in Shreveport, Louisiana. In July 2020, she was hospitalized for kidney failure in Shreveport. DeVayne died a month later on August 20 from pneumonia at the age of 34. Megan Thee Stallion Megan Jovon Ruth Pete (born February 15, 1995), known professionally as Megan Thee Stallion (pronounced "Megan the Stallion"), is an American rapper. Career. She has released three EPs since 2017:"Make It Hot", "Tina Snow", and "Suga". The last two mixtapes charting on the US "Billboard" 200. She released her first full-length mixtape, "Fever" in 2019. In 2020, her single "Savage" went viral on the social media app TikTok and reached number one on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 chart following the release of a remix with Beyoncé. She has won two BET Awards, two BET Hip Hop Awards, a MTV Video Music Award, and a "Billboard" Women in Music Award. On July 15, 2020, she had emergency surgery to remove the bullets because she had been shot. She made a full recovery. On August 7, 2020, she released the song WAP with Cardi B. On November 20, 2020, she released her first studio album Good News. Wolfgard Voß Wolfgard Voss (, Mönning, 24 June 1926 – 7 July 2020), nicknamed "Wölfi", was a German gymnast. She competed in seven events at the 1952 Summer Olympics. She was born in Oldenburg, Germany. Voß died on 7 July 2020 in Oldenburg, aged 94. Lucie Houwen Lucie Houwen (born 30 October 1990) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2010 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship. Eduardo Mendoza Garriga Eduardo Mendoza Garriga (born 11 January 1943) is a Spanish novelist. He was born in Barcelona. Between 1973 and 1982, he worked as an interpreter for the United Nations. In 1975 he published his very successful first novel, "La Verdad sobre el Caso Savolta" ("The Truth About the Savolta Case"). The Spanish newspaper "El País" published two of his novels in instalments, "Sin Noticias de Gurb" (No Word from Gurb, 1990) and "El Último Trayecto de Horacio Dos" ("The Last Journey of Horatio Dos", 2001), both of them science fiction comedy novels. In 2016 he was awarded the Premio Cervantes. Jitske Visser Jitske Visser (born 29 October 1992) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2008 Summer Paralympics, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship. Sergio Ramírez Sergio Ramírez Mercado (; born August 5, 1942) is a Nicaraguan writer and politician. He worked in the leftist Government Junta of National Reconstruction and as Vice President of the country from 1985 to 1990 under the presidency of Daniel Ortega. Roos Oosterbaan Roos Oosterbaan (born 18 May 1979) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, ‎2008 Summer Paralympics, and 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship. Sanne Timmerman Sanne Timmerman (born 8 May 1992) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship. Bo Kramer Bo Kramer (born 15 Septemper 1998) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship. Cher Korver Cher Korver (born 11 August 1976) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, 2008 Summer Paralympics, 2010 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship. Barbara van Bergen Barbara van Bergen (born 9 June 1978) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player and para-alpine skier. She won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, and 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, 2018-2019 World Para Alpine Skiing World Cup, and 2019 World Para Alpine Skiing Championships. Carina de Rooij Carina de Rooij (born 10 May 1980) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship. She is a member of the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation's Athlete Steering Committee. Mariska Beijer Mariska Beijer (born 29 June 1991) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, 2016 Summer Paralympics. and gold medal at the 2020 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2010 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship, 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, and 2018 Wheelchair Basketball World Championship. She played at the 2015 European Women's Wheelchair Basketball Championships. Role-playing Role-playing is changing one's behaviour to assume a role. This can be deliberately to act out an adopted role, or unconsciously to fill a social role. The "Oxford English Dictionary" defines role-playing as "the changing of one's behaviour to fulfill a social role". However, in the field of social psychology, the term is used more loosely: Evelyn van Leeuwen Evelyn van Leeuwen (born 15 May 1972) is a Dutch wheelchair basketball player. She won a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. She played at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, 2008 Summer Paralympics, and 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship. Niederanven Niederanven () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg. As of 2019, 6,222 people live here. Sandweiler Sandweiler is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg. As of 2019, 3,676 people live here. Schuttrange Schuttrange (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg. As of 2019, 4,166 people live here. Localities. Schuttrange consists of the four localities: Steinsel Steinsel () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg. As of 2019, 5,408 people live here. Strassen, Luxembourg Strassen () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg. As of 2019, 9,589 people live here. Walferdange Walferdange (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg. As of 2019, 8,231 people live here. Weiler-la-Tour Weiler-la-Tour (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Luxembourg. As of 2019, 2,400 people live here. Beaufort, Luxembourg Beaufort (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Echternach. As of 2019, 2,802 people live here. Bech Bech is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Echternach. As of 2019, 1,259 people live here. Berdorf Berdorf () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Echternach. As of 2019, 1,794 people live here. Consdorf Consdorf () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Echternach. As of 2019, 2,024 people live here. Mompach Mompach () is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Echternach. On 1 January 2018, the commune was merged with Rosport to form the new commune of Rosport-Mompach. Rosport Rosport () is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Echternach. On 1 January 2018, the commune was merged with Mompach to form the new commune of Rosport-Mompach. Rosport-Mompach Rosport-Mompach () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Echternach. It was created on 1 January 2018 from the former communes of Rosport and Mompach. As of 2019, 3,644 people live here. Waldbillig Waldbillig () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Echternach. As of 2019, 1,803 people live here. Ralph Breaks the Internet Ralph Breaks the Internet (also known as Wreck-It Ralph 2: Who Broke a Internet) is a 2018 American 3D computer-animated comedy movie directed by Rich Moore and Phil Johnston. It is the sequel to the 2012 movie "Wreck-It Ralph". This movie stars John C. Reilly, Sarah Silverman, Jack McBrayer, Jane Lynch, Ed O'Neill, Alan Tudyk, Gal Gadot, Taraji P. Henson and Alfred Molina. The movie was produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. Putscheid Putscheid () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Vianden. As of 2019, 1,125 people live here. Tandel Tandel is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Vianden. As of 2019, 2,083 people live here. The commune was created on 1 January 2006 from the former communes of Bastendorf (in the canton of Diekirch) and Fouhren (in the canton of Vianden). Garnich Garnich () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Capellen. As of 2019, 2,167 people live here. Hobscheid Hobscheid () is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Capellen. On 1 January 2018, the commune was merged with Septfontaines to form the commune of Habscht. Habscht Habscht is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Capellen. It was created on 1 January 2018 from the former communes of Hobscheid and Septfontaines. As of 2019, 4,528 people live here. Clemency, Luxembourg Clemency (, ) is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Capellen. Since 2012, it is part of the new commune of Käerjeng. Kehlen Kehlen () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Capellen. As of 2019, 6,143 people live here. Koerich Koerich () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Capellen. As of 2019, 2,591 people live here. Kopstal Kopstal () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Capellen. As of 2019, 3,884 people live here. Septfontaines Septfontaines (, ) is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Capellen. On 1 January 2018, the commune was merged with Hobscheid to form the commune of Habscht. Steinfort Steinfort () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Capellen. As of 2019, 5,281 people live here. Beckerich Beckerich () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Redange. As of 2019, 2,619 people live here. Ell, Luxembourg Ell is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Redange. As of 2019, 1,350 people live here. Ajuran Sultanate The Ajuran Empire (, ), also spelled Ajuuraan Empire, and often simply as Ajuran, was a Somali empire in the medieval times that dominated the Indian ocean trade. They belonged to the Somali Muslim sultanate that ruled over large parts of the Horn of Africa in the Middle Ages. Because of their centralized administration and strong military, they were able to resist an attack by the Ottoman empire. This was called Gaal Madow. The fought a number of wars with the Portugese, and were able to withstand them. After the war, trade routes were re-established or strengthened. In the coastal provinces, trade flourished. Ships sailed to and came from many kingdoms and empires in East Asia, South Asia, Europe, the Near East, North Africa and East Africa. The empire was very important, and built many castles and fortresses. Some of them can still be seen, mostly in the southern part of Somalia. There are also a number of pillar tombs, necropolises, and cities built during that era, which are now in ruins, which are attributed to Ajuran engineers. During the Ajuran period, many regions and people in the southern part of the Horn of Africa converted to Islam because of the theocratic nature of the government. The royal family, the House of Garen, expanded its territories and established its hegemonic rule through a skillful combination of warfare, trade linkages and alliances. The Ajuran also controlled the water resources. They built wells and cisterns on the rivers Shebelle and Jubba. Many of these wells are still working. The rulers also developed a new system of agriculture and taxation, which were used in parts of the Horn of Africa until the 19th century. The later rulers of the Ajuran were not as successful: There were rebellions, and by the late 17th century the empire had fallen apart into a number of smaller states. The most prominent of these was probably the Geledi Sultanate. No Longer at Ease No Longer at Ease is a novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe. It is the story of an Igbo man, Obi Okonkwo, who leaves his village for an education in Britain and then a job in the Nigerian colonial civil service. He faces a conflict between his Western lifestyle and African culture and ends up taking a bribe. Title. The title of the novel comes from the poem The Journey of the Magi by T.S. Eliot. We returned to our places, these Kingdoms,<br> But no longer at ease here,<br> With an alien people clutching their gods.<br> I should be glad of another death. Summary. Obi Okonko is the grandson of Okonkwo, the main character of Achebe's first novel, "Things Fall Apart". Obi is on trial for taking a bribe. Some members of the Umuofia Progressive Union (UPU) collect money so that Obi can go to England to study law and help his people. However, he starts studying English instead of law. He meets Clara Okeke, who is studying to be a nurse, at a dance. Obi returns to Nigeria. He now lives with a friend in Lagos and works for the government as part of the Scholarship Board, which is responsible for giving scholarships to students. A man offers a bribe on behalf of his sister, which Obi rejects. The girl herself visits Obi and tries to bribe him with sex for a scholarship, which he also rejects. Obi is falling in love with Clara. However, he finds out that Clara is an "osu", or outcast in Igbo society. Because of her status, he cannot marry her. His father reluctantly refuses to let him marry her because he is a Christian and wants to leave the "heathen" ways of precolonial Igbo society. His mother begs him to not marry Clara until after she dies. When Obi tells Clara this, she calls off the engagement and reveals that she is pregnant. Obi arranges for her to get an abortion. He gets more into debt because he needs to repay the UPU, fund his siblings' educations, and pay for the abortion. Obi becomes depressed when he finds out that his mother died. He does not go to her funeral. When he recovers, he reluctantly begins to take bribes and accepts that bribery is the way of his world. At the end of the novel, Obi takes a bribe, which he promises to himself would be the last one he would take. This turns out to be a sting operation and he is arrested. Themes. "No Longer at Ease" takes place several decades after "Things Fall Apart". At this point, the British are in full control of Nigeria. Obi finds that he is in the middle of a conflict between the African expectation of financially supporting his family and village and living a Western lifestyle. Obi Okonkwo is the grandson of Okonkwo from "Things Fall Apart". Both men speak their minds and are self-destructive. While Okonkwo is a man of action, Obi is a man who doesn't take much action because he uses thoughts and words more. Grosbous Grosbous () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Redange. As of 2019, 1,089 people live here. Dudelange Dudelange (, ) is a commune with town status in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Esch-sur-Alzette. As of 2019, 21,087 people live here. Pillar tomb A pillar tomb is a tomb which is dominated by a single pillar or column, which is usually made of stone. McRae, Georgia McRae was a city in the U.S. state of Georgia. It was the county seat of Telfair County. On January 1, 2015, Helena and McRae was merged to form McRae–Helena. Locronan Locronan () is a commune. It is found in the region Brittany in the Finistère department in the northwest of France. Raymondville, Texas Raymondville is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Welch, Oklahoma Welch is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Webbers Falls, Oklahoma Webbers Falls is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Verden, Oklahoma Verden is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Lotsee, Oklahoma Lotsee is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Olustee, Oklahoma Olustee is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. McCurtain, Oklahoma McCurtain is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Wynona, Oklahoma Wynona is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Third International Theory The Third International Theory, also known as the Third Universal Theory (), was the style of government proposed by Muammar Gaddafi in the early 1970s, on which his government, the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, was officially based. It was inspired by Islamic socialism, Arab nationalism, African nationalism and the principles of direct democracy. The Third International Theory was meant to be an alternative to capitalism and communism, which Gaddafi felt were not appropriate for the countries of the Third World (not allies with either the US or the Soviet Union). In 2011, the Libyan government based on this political theory was overthrown and Gaddafi was killed. Background. Historical context. In the 1960s and 70s, an ideology called Islamic socialism became popular in the Arab world. People believed that socialism should be combined with the principles of Islam so that there would be a more fair and just world. Many people believed that capitalism and communism were both disrespectful of Islam and allowed other countries to control them. On September 1, 1969, a group of Libyan army officers overthrew the king and established a republic. This republic was ruled by a Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) that was led by a young colonel whose name was Muammar Gadaffi. The revolution was against imperialism. On October 7, they told the UN that foreign bases would not be allowed on Libyan soil. In 1973, the country was renamed Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. "Jamahiriya" is an Arabic word that means "People's Republic." Beliefs. The beliefs of the Third International Theory are described in Gadaffi's "Green Book". The book is divided into three parts: "People Power". The first part of "The Green Book" is called "Solving the problem of democracy: The Authority of the People." The theory says that a country should not be holding a referendum, have a political party, or have a parliament. Gaddafi believed that these are not things a true democracy should have. People's Congress. In the Jamahiriya, everyone is part of the People's Congresses, which then elect the People's Committees. The Committees then elect the next Congresses, which then elect the State Committees, which run the government. Once a year, the People's Congresses meet up at the General People's Congress, which makes decisions and where issues are discussed. Freedom of Speech. Gadaffi believed that everyone should have the right to speak their minds, no matter how irrational their beliefs are. He believed that having freedom of speech was important for democracy. Socialism. The second part of the book, "The solution of the economic problem (Socialism)," explains the economic parts of the Third International Theory. Society. Women. "The Green Book" talks about women, specifically: Gaddafi said that "human rights are for everyone—men and women, but the responsibilities are not equal." Black people. Gadaffi believed that Black people would rule the world and that there is nothing anyone can do to prevent them from doing so. He says they will take over because they accept polygamy and reject birth control. As time went on, Libya started to associate itself more with the rest of Africa than with the Arab world. Sports. For this reason, stadiums were only open for military parades and wrestling was banned in Libya. Islam. "The Green Book" does not talk about Islam. However, Gaddafi said that the validity of Islam was to be shown by how much it matches the Third International Theory. He said, "if we were to restrict ourselves to the support of Muslims only, that would be an example of bigotry and selfishness: True Islam is the one that defends the weak, even if they are not Muslims" Application in Libya. Gaddafi tried to put the Third International Theory into practice in Libya. He called the government based on the theory "Jamahiriya" (), which means "people's republic" or "state of the masses." It is different from "Jumhuriyah" (), which is the Arabic word for "republic." He wanted to show that the government system based on the Third International Theory was different from all previous forms of government (specifically monarchies and republics). Michael M. Richter Michael M. Richter (June 21, 1938 – July 10, 2020) was a German mathematician and computer scientist. Richter was well known for his career in mathematical logic. His works focused in non-standard analysis, and artificial intelligence. He was a key figure in case-based reasoning. Richter was born in Berlin. Richter died on July 10, 2020 at the age of 82. Nicholas Lash Nicholas Langrishe Alleyne Lash (6 April 1934 – 11 July 2020) was an English Roman Catholic theologian. He worked for a short while as a Roman Catholic priest. He held for twenty years the post of Norris-Hulse Professor of Divinity in the University of Cambridge from 1978 to 1999. Lash died on 11 July 2020, aged 86. John Neale (bishop) John Robert Geoffrey Neale (21 September 1926 – 17 July 2020) was a British Anglican bishop. From 1974 to 1988, he was the first suffragan Bishop of Ramsbury in the Church of England and the first area bishop under that diocese's from 1981 to 2009. Neale died on 17 July 2020 at the age of 93. 1993 Iowa murders Angela Jane Johnson (born January 17, 1964) is an American felon. In 1993, she helped Dustin Lee Honken (March 22, 1968July 17, 2020) in the murders of five people in Iowa. The victims were related to a drug trial against Honken. Honken was involved in the creation and selling of methamphetamine and one of his dealers was set to testify against him, and so Honken and Johnson murdered him along with his girlfriend and her two daughters (age 6 and 10). A few months later, the fifth victim, also a former dealer, was murdered. Dustin Honken was sentenced to death and executed on July 17, 2020, the first person from Iowa to be executed since 1963. Angela Johnson was also sentenced to death, the first woman sentenced to death by a United States federal jury since the 1950s, but the sentence was overturned in 2012 and she was re-sentenced to life without parole in 2014. Sanjiv Sam Gambhir Sanjiv Sam Gambhir (November 23, 1962 – July 18, 2020) was an Indian-born American physician and scientist. He was the Virginia and D.K. Ludwig Professor in Cancer Research, Chairman of the Department of Radiology at Stanford University School of Medicine. He authored 680 publications and had over 40 patents pending or granted. He was born in Ambala, India. Gambhir died on July 18, 2020 from cancer in Stanford, California at the age of 57. Cécile Reims Cécile Reims (19 October 1927 – 18 July 2020) was a French engraver and writer. She was a resistance member of World War II. She received the Legion of Honour in 2013. Reims was born in Paris. Reims died in La Châtre on 18 July 2020, aged 92. Jaybee Sebastian Jaybee Niño Manicad Sebastian (1979/1980 – July 18, 2020) was a Filipino criminal. He was at the New Bilibid Prison (NBP). He was convicted for kidnap-for-ransom and carjacking in 2009. He was known for running a prison and being involved in the illegal drug trade within the prison. Sebastian died of COVID-19 at the New Bilibid Prison Hospital on July 18, 2020, aged 40. Sultan Hashim Sulṭān Hāshim Aḥmad Muḥammad al-Ṭāʾī ( 1942 – July 19, 2020) was an Iraqi military commander. He was Minister of Defense under Saddam Hussein's regime from 1995 to 2003. He was born in Mosul, Iraq. Ahmad Al-Tai died on July 19, 2020 from a heart attack at a prison near Nasiriyah, Iraq. Biri Biri Alhaji Momodo Njie (30 March 1948 – 19 July 2020), also known as Biri Biri, was a Gambian footballer. He played as a right winger. He known for playing for Sevilla FC in Spain and Herfølge Boldklub in Denmark. From 1963 to 1987, he played for the national team. Biri died on 19 July 2020, aged 72, in Dakar, Senegal. Giulia Maria Crespi Giulia Maria Crespi (6 June 1923 – 19 July 2020) was an Italian media businesswoman. She was a non-profit executive and environmentalist. She was the founder of Fondo Ambiente Italiano. She became Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic. Crespi was born Merate, Italy. Crespi died in Milan on 19 July 2020, aged 97. Giuseppe Ottaviani (athlete) Giuseppe Ottaviani (20 May 1916 – 19 July 2020) was an Italian centenarian and masters athlete. He was born in Sant'Ippolito, Italy. He turned 100 in May 2016. Ottaviani died in Sant'Ippolito on 19 July 2020 at the age of 104. He was the first and only centenary athlete to make triple jump. He was the indoor world record holder in the M95 and M100 60 metres. He also held the indoor world record for the triple jump and long jump, and the outdoor world record for the triple jump. Emitt Rhodes Emitt Lynn Rhodes (February 25, 1950 – July 19, 2020) was an American singer-songwriter, musician and recording engineer. Rhodes began his career in musical ensembles The Palace Guard as the group's drummer before joining The Merry-Go-Round as a multi-instrumentalist. He was known for writing the 1967 single "Live" with The Merry-Go-Round. He also performed with The Palace Guard. Rhodes was born in Decatur, Illinois. He was raised in Hawthorne, California. On June 25, 2019, "The New York Times" listed Emitt Rhodes as one of the hundreds of artists whose material was destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire. Rhodes died on July 19, 2020 in Hawthorne at the age of 70. Viktor Ryashko (football manager) Viktor Ryashko (; January 28, 1964 – July 19, 2020) was a Ukrainian professional footballer and manager. Ryashko was appointed as the sporting director of club FC Hoverla Uzhhorod in Ukrainian Premier League. Ryashko died on July 19, 2020, at the age of 56, after his car crashed during a road accident. Mike O'Malley Michael Edward O'Malley (born October 31, 1966) is an American actor and writer. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts and raised in Nashua, New Hampshire. O'Malley hosted the early 1990s children's game show "Nickelodeon Guts". He starred in his own sitcom for NBC called "The Mike O'Malley Show". He is best known for his role as Jimmy Hughes on "Yes, Dear", a CBS series which aired from 2000 to 2006. He was nominated for an Emmy Award for his role as Burt Hummel on the Fox series "Glee". Gilmanton, New Hampshire Gilmanton is a town in Belknap County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 3,777 at the 2010 census. Fremont, New Hampshire Fremont is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 4,283 at the 2010 census. Luis Donaldo Colosio Luis Donaldo Colosio Murrieta (; 10 February 1950 – 23 March 1994) was a Mexican politician and economist. He was the 1994 PRI presidential candidate and until his assassination was the front-runner for the presidency. He was born in Magdalena de Kino, Sonora. From 1985 to 1988, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies. From 1988 to 1992, he was President of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. From 1992 to 1993, Colosio was Secretary of Social Development during the Carlos Salinas de Gortari presidency. Colosio was assassinated after being shot in the head at a campaign rally in Tijuana, Baja California on 23 March 1994, aged 44. National Assembly of South Africa The National Assembly is the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa, located in Cape Town, Western Cape Province. It is made up of four hundred members who are elected every five years. The National Assembly is presided over by a Speaker, assisted by a Deputy Speaker. The current Speaker is Thandi Modise who previously served as the Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces. She was elected on 22 May 2019. National Council of Provinces The National Council of Provinces (NCOP) is the upper house of the Parliament of South Africa under the (post-apartheid) constitution. It replaced the former Senate, but is very similar to that body. Its purpose is to represent the governments of the provinces. Martha Mmola Martha Phindile Mmola (died 18 July 2020) was a South Africa politician. He was a permanment delegate to the National Council of Provinces from 2019 to her death in 2020. She was in the National Assembly of South Africa from 2014 to 2019. Mmola was a member of the African National Congress. From 20 June 2014 to 7 May 2019, she was a member of the Portfolio Committee on Police. On 18 July 2020, Mmola died from COVID-19. Joy Villa Joy Angela Villa (; born April 25, 1986) is an Argentine-American singer-songwriter and actress. Villa has guest roles on "Heroes", "", "The Valley Girls" and MTV "Next". She is known for wearing large attention grabbing dresses at the Grammy Awards. Villa is a supporter of Donald Trump, having joined Donald Trump's Campaign Advisory Board. On October 27, 2017, Villa announced on "Fox & Friends" that she is thinking about running for United States Congress as a Republican. Appearing again on "Fox & Friends" on December 13, 2017, Villa clarified that she intends to run for Congress in the state of Florida. Carrie Prejean Caroline Michelle "Carrie" Prejean Boller (; born May 13, 1987) is an American model and writer. She won Miss California USA in 2009 and was the Miss USA 2009 first runner-up. Prejean was stripped of her Miss California USA crown for alleged breaches of contract. On July 2, 2010, Prejean married former NFL quarterback Kyle Boller. They have two children. Muhammad Aslam (judge) Sardar Muhammad Aslam (; 10 March 1947 – 20 July 2020) was a Pakistani politician and lawyer. He was born in British Raj. From 2008 to 2009, Aslam was Chief Justice of the Islamabad High Court. From 2009 to 2012, he was Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan. From 2003 to 2008, he was an Associate Justice of the Lahore High Court. Aslam died on 20 July 2020 in Rawalpindi, Pakistan of COVID-19, aged 73. Kanye West 2020 presidential campaign Kanye West announced his 2020 presidential campaign through Twitter on July 4, 2020, Independence Day. The idea of West's candidacy began when he first announced his plans to run in August 2015. He entered the election after missing at least four states' deadlines to appear on the ballot as a third-party candidate. West has picked Michelle Tidball, a preacher from Wyoming, as his running mate. West's rhetoric has been described as right-wing, along with having "a Republican-leaning, pro-Black religious platform". On July 16, 2020, the campaign filed a Statement of Candidacy with the Federal Election Commission. West has qualified for ballot access in Oklahoma and held a rally in South Carolina. On October 16th, 2020, West dropped a song titled "Nah Nah Nah". This song was the theme song of his campaign, but it was panned by critics, becoming an inside joke for fans. John Doman John Doman (born January 9, 1945) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Deputy Police Commissioner and Major William Rawls on HBO series "The Wire" from 2002 to 2008, Colonel Edward Galson on "Oz" in 2001, and as Dr. Deraad in "ER" (1999-2003). He also starred as Rodrigo Borgia in the international television series "Borgia" from 2011 to 2014, and Don Carmine Falcone in Fox's show "Gotham" in 2014. Odd Squad Odd Squad is an Canadian and American educational TV series that premiered on TVOKids and PBS Kids in November 2014. The series involves child characters using mathematical concepts to advance each episode's plot. The series was created by Tim McKeon and Adam Peltzman and is co-produced by Nelvana Fred Rogers Productions and Sinking Ship Entertainment in association with TVOKids The series features child actors (whose characters are the employees of the "Odd Squad") who use indirect reasoning and basic math to solve and investigate strange happenings in their town. Ngultrum The ngultrum () is the currency of Bhutan. It is subdivided into 100 chhertum (). Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel, known colloquially as The Bearded Lama, was a Tibetan Buddhist lama and the unifier of Bhutan as a nation-state. In addition to unifying the various warring fiefdoms for the first time in the 1630s, he also sought a distinct Bhutanese cultural identity separate from the Tibetan culture from which it was derived. Amabie Amabie is a mermaid or merman with three legs in Japanese myths. It is believed that it will emerge from the sea and make prophecies about harvest or epidemic. Legend. It is believed that an amabie appeared before a officer and gave a prophecy that good harvest will get for six years, if disease spread draw its picture and show to the people affected by disease and they will be cured. Believers argue that similar events are reported in different places also. COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic, amabie become popular in Twitter in Japan. Manga artists (e.g., Chica Umino, Mari Okazaki and Toshinao Aoki) published their cartoon versions of amabie on social networks. Seydou Diarra Seydou Elimane Diarra (23 November 1933 – 19 July 2020) was an Ivorian politician. He was the Prime Minister in 2000 and again from 2003 to 2005. Diarra was born in Katiola, French West Africa. Diarra died on 19 July 2020 in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire at the age of 86. Shane Tuck Shane Tuck (24 December 1981 – 20 July 2020) was a professional Australian rules footballer. He played for the Richmond Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL) between 2004 to 2013. Before, he played with Hawthorn Football Club from 2000 to 2001. Tuck was born in Victoria, Australia. Tuck died on 20 July 2020 at the age of 38. Richmond Football Club The Richmond Football Club, nicknamed the Tigers, is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League (AFL). Between its creation in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond in 1885 and 1907, the club competed in the Victorian Football Association (VFA). Richmond joined the Victorian Football League (now known as the AFL) in 1908 and has since won twelve premierships, most recently in 2019. Richmond traditionally wears a black guernsey with a yellow sash. The club song, "We're From Tigerland". Club song. <poem> "Oh, we're from Tigerland" "A fighting fury, we're from Tigerland" "In any weather, you will see us with a grin" "Risking head and shin" "If we're behind, then never mind" "We'll fight and fight and win" "For we're from Tigerland" "We never weaken till the final siren's gone" "Like the tiger of old" "We're strong and we're bold" "For we're from Tiger" "Yellow and black" "We're from Tigerland!" </poem> Dave Matthews David John Matthews (born January 9, 1967) is a South African-born American singer-songwriter, musician, actor and record label owner. He is best known as the lead vocalist, songwriter and guitarist for the Dave Matthews Band (DMB). During the period from 2000 to 2010, his band sold more tickets and earned more money than any other act in North America. Matthews has had multiple acting roles. He has also won two Grammy Awards: one with the Dave Matthews Band in 1997 for Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group ("So Much to Say") and one in 2004 for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance ("Gravedigger") from his solo album. Bella Abzug Bella Savitzky Abzug (July 24, 1920 – March 31, 1998), nicknamed "Battling Bella", was an American lawyer, activist and politician. She was known as a leader of the Women's Movement. Life. In 1971, Abzug joined other leading feminists such as Gloria Steinem, Shirley Chisholm, and Betty Friedan to found the National Women's Political Caucus. In 1970, Abzug's first campaign slogan was, "This woman's place is in the House—the House of Representatives." From 1971 to 1977, she was a member of the United States House of Representatives from New York. Abzug died on March 31, 1998 in New York City from heart surgery-related problems, aged 77. Carol Greitzer Carol Greitzer (born January 3, 1925) is an American politician. She was in the New York City Council from 1969 to 1991 and was the first president of NARAL Pro-Choice America. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Greitzer was born in New York City. She studied at Hunter College and New York University. Grand Canary (movie) Grand Canary is a 1934 American drama movie directed by Irving Cummings and based on the novel of the same name by A. J. Cronin and stars Warner Baxter, Madge Evans, Marjorie Rambeau, Zita Johann, Roger Imhof, Gilbert Emery. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. The Storage The Storage () is a 2011 Finnish comedy movie directed by Taru Mäkelä and starring Kari-Pekka Toivonen, Jope Ruonansuu, Minttu Mustakallio, Aku Hirviniemi, Esko Salminen, Hannele Lauri. Andy Scott (guitarist) Andrew David Scott (born 30 June 1949) is a Welsh musician and songwriter. He is best known for being the lead guitarist and a backing vocalist in of the British glam rock band Sweet. After bassist Steve Priest's death in June 2020, Scott is the last living member of the band's classic lineup. Scott was born in Wrexham. In September 2009, he was diagnosed with prostate cancer. He lives in All Cannings, Wiltshire. Salzwedel Salzwedel (officially known as Hansestadt Salzwedel) is a town in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. It is the capital of the district of Altmarkkreis Salzwedel. It has about 21,500 people. Aland, Saxony-Anhalt Aland is a municipality in the district Stendal, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was created on 1 January 2010 and consists of the former municipalities of Aulosen, Krüden, Pollitz and Wanzer. Altmärkische Höhe Altmärkische Höhe is a municipality of the district of Stendal, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was created on 1 January 2010 and consists of the former municipalities of Boock, Bretsch, Gagel, Heiligenfelde, Kossebau, Losse and Lückstedt. Altmärkische Wische Altmärkische Wische is a municipality in the district Stendal, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was created on 1 January 2010 and consists of the former municipalities of Falkenberg, Lichterfelde, Neukirchen and Wendemark. Ahlsdorf Ahlsdorf is a municipality in the district Mansfeld-Südharz, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. In 2019, 1,561 people live here. Am Großen Bruch Am Großen Bruch is a municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Westheide Westheide is a municipality in the district Börde, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was created on 1 January 2010 and consists of the former municipalities of Born, Hillersleben and Neuenhofe. Aulosen Aulosen is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Aland. Krüden Krüden is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Aland. Pollitz Pollitz is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Aland. Wanzer Wanzer is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Aland. Boock, Saxony-Anhalt Boock is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Altmärkische Höhe. Bretsch Bretsch is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Altmärkische Höhe. Gagel Gagel is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Altmärkische Höhe. Heiligenfelde Heiligenfelde is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Altmärkische Höhe. Kossebau Kossebau is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Altmärkische Höhe. Losse, Saxony-Anhalt Losse is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Altmärkische Höhe. Lückstedt Lückstedt is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. On 1 January 2010, it became part of the new municipality of Altmärkische Höhe. Falkenberg, Saxony-Anhalt Falkenberg is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Altmärkische Wische. Lichterfelde, Saxony-Anhalt Lichterfelde is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Altmärkische Wische. Neukirchen, Saxony-Anhalt Neukirchen is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Altmärkische Wische. Wendemark Wendemark is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Altmärkische Wische. Born, Saxony-Anhalt Born is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Westheide. Hillersleben Hillersleben is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Westheide. Neuenhofe Neuenhofe is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Westheide. Iden, Saxony-Anhalt Iden is a municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Abtsdorf Abtsdorf is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2009, it is part of the town Wittenberg. Bornstedt, Börde Bornstedt is a former municipality in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 September 2010, it is part of the new municipality of Hohe Börde. Palau, Sardinia Palau ("Lu Palau") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2019, 4,187 people lived there. Its area is 44.44 km². It is 5 meters above sea level. Préizerdaul Préizerdaul is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Redange. As of 2019, 1,703 people live here. Rambrouch Rambrouch () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Redange. It lies close to the border with Belgium. As of 2019, 4,419 people live here. Rambrouch was created on 1 January 1979 from the former communes of Arsdorf, Bigonville, Folschette and Perlé. Saeul Saeul () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Redange. As of 2019, 844 people live here. Useldange Useldange (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Redange. As of 2019, 1,900 people live here. Nyctimystes calcaratus Nyctimystes calcaratus is a frog from New Guinea. It was found about 1230 meters above sea level near a forest stream. The name "calcaratus" comes from the Latin word for "spur". The frogs are named after the bump on their hind foot. The male frog is about 4.3 to 5.2 cm long. The female frog is 5.6 to 6.3 cm long. This frog has thin, angled lines on its lower eyelids and gold irises in its eyes. This frog is light brown to dark brown in color with darker marks. Vichten Vichten () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Redange. As of 2019, 1,309 people live here. Wahl, Luxembourg Wahl () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Redange. As of 2019, 1,020 people live here. Wincrange Wincrange (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Clervaux. It is the largest commune in Luxembourg by area. As of 2019, 4,392 people live here. Wincrange was created on 1 January 1978 from the former communes of Asselborn, Boevange, Hachiville and Oberwampach. Victor Chizhikov Victor Alexandrovich Chizhikov (; 26 September 1935 – 20 July 2020) was a Russian children's book illustrator. He was the designer of the Olympic mascot, Misha, for the 1980 Summer Olympics, held in Moscow. He illustrated more than 100 children's books. He worked closely with writers Eduard Uspensky and Andrei Usachev. Chizhikov died on 20 July 2020 at the age of 84. Mother Wore Tights Mother Wore Tights is a 1947 American musical movie directed by Walter Lang and is based on the 1944 novel of the same name by Miriam Young. It stars Betty Grable, Dan Dailey and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Lamborghini Veneno The Lamborghini Veneno is a supercar. It was made by Lamborghini in 2013. Only five Venenos were built. The Veneno is based off the Lamborghini Aventador, and uses a version of its V12 engine. History and production. The Veneno was revealed at the 2013 Geneva Motor Show. It was built to celebrate Lamborghini’s 50th anniversary. Lamborghini built just five Venenos. One was used for factory testing, and another one was kept by Lamborghini. This meant that only three Venenos were sold, which made each one very expensive. Nine Veneno Roadsters were also built. Engine and transmission. The Veneno’s engine is a more powerful version of the Aventador‘s V12. In the Veneno, the engine makes and of torque. The Veneno’s seven-speed automated-manual transmission also comes from the Aventador. Performance. The Veneno has a top speed of . It can also accelerate from in 2.9 seconds. The Veneno can also slow down from in . Veneno Roadster. Lamborghini also made a convertible version of the Veneno. This car was known as the Veneno Roadster. The Veneno Roadster was first shown at the 2014 Las Vegas Consumer Electronics Show. The performance of the Veneno Roadster was the same as that of the standard Veneno. The roadster went on sale for . Nine Veneno Roadsters were built. Hosingen Hosingen () is a small village and a former commune in northern Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Clervaux On 1 January 2012, the commune was merged with Consthum and Hoscheid to form the new commune of Parc Hosingen. Consthum Consthum () is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Clervaux. On 1 January 2012, the commune was merged with Hoscheid and Hosingen to form the new commune of Parc Hosingen. Hoscheid Hoscheid () is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Diekirch. On 1 January 2012, the commune was merged with Consthum and Hosingen to form the new commune of Parc Hosingen. Parc Hosingen Parc Hosingen () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Clervaux. It was created on 1 January 2012 from the former communes of Consthum, Hosingen and Hoscheid (the last formerly part of the canton of Diekirch). As of 2019, 3,591 people live here. Pamlico County, North Carolina Pamlico County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2010, 13,144 people lived there. Its county seat is Bayboro. Yancey County, North Carolina Yancey County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2010, 17,818 people lived there. Its county seat is Burnsville. Troisvierges Troisvierges (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Clervaux. The two highest hills in Luxembourg, the Kneiff (560 m) and Buurgplaatz (559 m), are in the commune. As of 2019, 3,201 people live here. Weiswampach Weiswampach () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Clervaux. As of 2019, 1,912 people live here. Heiderscheid Heiderscheid () is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Wiltz. On 1 January 2012, the commune was merged with Neunhausen to form the commune of Esch-sur-Sûre. Man of Iron Man of Iron () is a 1981 Polish drama movie directed by Andrzej Wajda and stars Jerzy Radziwiłowicz, Krystyna Janda, Marian Opania, Wiesława Kosmalska, Bogusław Linda, Andrzej Seweryn, Marek Kondrat, Lech Wałęsa. It was distributed by United Artists and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1982. Desi Desi (pronounced DEH-see or DAY-see) is a supra-ethnic and pan-ethnic term that refers to people and things from the Indian subcontinent. The word "Desi" comes from the Sanskrit word देश (deśá), which means "land" or "country." People agree that the word refers to things and people from the countries of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Maldives, and Sri Lanka. Origin. The word "Desi" as it is known comes from the Hindustani word "deśī", which means a "national" of a country. That word comes from the Sanskrit word देश (deśá), which means "land" or "country." The first known use of the word was in 200 BCE. History. During colonial times, the word Desi was used to show that something was not vilāyati ("Blighty," or British). Culture. Desi is a word that is used to describe South Asia in general instead of to a specific culture or country. Arts. Music and dances that are from the region are called "Desi." Food. In South Asia, "Desi food" refers to the traditional foods of the region. Desi daru refers to traditional alcoholic drinks such as fenny, toddy, and arrack. A foreign liquor that is made in India, like Indian-made rum or vodka, would not be considered Desi. Bolivian Football Federation The Bolivian Football Federation (, or FBF) is the governing body of football in Bolivia. It was founded in 1925, making it the eighth oldest South American federation. It affiliated to CONMEBOL and FIFA in 1926 and is in charge of Bolivia national football team. Jack McIlhargey John Cecil "Jack" McIlhargey (March 7, 1952 – July 19, 2020) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He played in the National Hockey League with the Philadelphia Flyers, Vancouver Canucks, and Hartford Whalers between 1974 and 1982. After his playing career he worked for both the Canucks and Flyers in coaching roles. He was a scout for the Flyers. McIlhargey was born in Edmonton, Alberta. He died on July 19, 2020 in Burnaby, British Columbia from cancer, aged 68. Daler Mehndi Daler Mehndi is an Indian singer. He was born on 18 Aug 1967, in Patna, Bihar. He was born to Ajmer Singh Chandan and Balbir Kaur. He has a brother named Mika Singh the famous Bollywood playback singer. Mehndi took lessons of classical music but diverted from classical music to pop music. He started his full-fledged music career in 1995 with his first album Bolo Ta Ra Ra. He composed this song with tunes based on those given to him by his mother. His song became so popular that within four months of its release, Five lakh copies were already sold and in all 2 crore copies, making him the best-selling non-soundtrack album in Indian music history. Bijay Mohanty Bijay Mohanty (8 April 1950 – 20 July 2020) was an Indian actor. He won the National Film Awards. He was born in Baripada, Odisha. He was known for his roles in "Naga Phasa", "Suna Panjuri" and in "Sahara Jaluchi". Mohanty died from cardiac arrest-related problems on 20 July 2020 at a hospital in Bhubaneswar, Odisha at the age of 70. Ram Awadhesh Singh Ram Awadhesh Singh Yadav (June 18, 1937 – July 20, 2020) was an Indian politician. He was a member of the Lok Sabha from 1977 to 1979 and of the Rajya Sabha from 1986 to 1992. He was a well-known socialist leader. Singh died on July 20, 2020 at a hospital in Patna, India, aged 83. Onyx Lorenzoni Onyx Dornelles Lorenzoni (born 3 October 1954) is a Brazilian politician, businessman and veterinarian. He has been Minister of Citizenship since 2020. He is a member of the Democrats (DEM). He was also Chief of Staff of the Presidency under Jair Bolsonaro from 2019 to 2020. He served as a Federal Deputy for Rio Grande do Sul from 2003 to 2019. Lorenzoni was born in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Louison Bobet Louis "Louison" Bobet (; 12 March 1925 – 13 March 1983) was a French professional road racing cyclist. He was the first to win the Tour de France three times in a row. Kozhippalam Kozhippalam is a village in Pathanamthitta District, Kerala, India. Language. Malayalam is the native language of Kozhippalam. Politics. Kozhippalam is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Weather. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Kudamuck Kudamuck is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India. Language. Malayalam is the native language of Kudamuck. Politics. Kudamuck is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Weather. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Kulanada Kulanada is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India Geography. Kulanada consists of these villages - Ambalakkadavu, Punnakulanji, Ulanadu, Ullannur, Kaipuzha, Kaithakadu, Kaluveli, Koodamparampu, Nediyuzhathilpadi, Panangadu, Pookaitha, Manthuka, Parayankara, Vattayam, Pandissery, Panil, Nedumpoyya and Paivazhi Kumbanad Kumbanad is a town in Thiruvalla Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state, India. Town along with Pullad & muttumon Language. Malayalam is the native language of Kumbanad. Politics. Kumbanad is part of Pathanamthitta Lok Sabha constituency Aranmula assembly contituency. Anto Antony is the current MP of Pathanamthitta and Veena George is the current MLA of Aranmula. Weather. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Kumbazha Kumbazha is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India. Language. Malayalam is the native language of Kumbazha. Politics. Kumbazha is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Weather. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Kummannoor Kummannoor is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India. Language. Malayalam is the native language of Kummannoor konni. Politics. Kummannoor is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Geography. Kummannor is located near the Konni reserve forest and Achankovil river. Most of the area of Kummannor is covered with forest. Weather. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Kumplampoika Kumplampoika is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India. Language. Malayalam is the native language of Kumplampoika. Politics. Kumplampoika is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Weather. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Kunnamthanam Kunnamthanam is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, India. Demographics. India census, Kunnamthanam had a population of 20157 with 9466 males and 10691 females. Geography. Kunnamthanam is one of the nine villages that form Mallapally Taluk of Pathanamthitta district. Language. Malayalam is the native language of Kunnamthanam. Politics. Kunnamthanam is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Weather. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Yoga village. Kunnamthanam organized mass yoga practise with 5,000 people. So it has been declared as a yoga village. Kurampala Kurampala is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state,India. Language. Malayalam is the native language of Kurampala. Politics. Kurampala is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Demographics. India census, Kurampala had a population of 20,098 with 9,591 males and 10,507 females. Weather. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Python Software Foundation The Python Software Foundation (PSF) is a nonprofit organization in USA related to the Python programming language started on March 6, 2001. Ogaden Ogaden is one of the three names for the largest region of Ethiopia. It is named after the Ogaden tribe. The area is also called the Somali Region. The Ogaden tribe shares borders with Dir to the northwest, Isaaq to the north, reer Darawiish to the northeast, Oromo to the west and Rahanweyn to the south. Michael Brooks (political commentator) Michael Jamal Brooks (August 13, 1983 – July 20, 2020) was an American talk show host, YouTube content creator, writer, podcaster and political analyst. In August 2017 he launched "The Michael Brooks Show" (TMBS) alongside his regular hosting of "The Majority Report" with Sam Seder. Brooks was a progressive democratic socialist. He did commentary for worldwide media outlets on politics in the Middle East and the United States. He had regular appearances on shows such as "The Young Turks". On July 20, 2020, Brooks died unexpectedly at the age of 36. His cause of death was said to be a "sudden case" of thrombosis. Music Is Magic Music Is Magic is a 1935 American musical movie directed by George Marshall and based on the play of the same name by Jesse Lasky Jr. and Gladys Unger. It stars Alice Faye, Bebe Daniels, Ray Walker, Frank Mitchell and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. East Meadow, New York East Meadow is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Nassau County (Long Island), New York, United States. East Meadow is an unincorporated area in the Town of Hempstead. The population was 38,132 at the 2010 census. Bill Scott (priest) William Sievwright Scott (1 February 1946 – 17 July 2020) was an Anglican priest. He was Domestic Chaplain to Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace, Deputy Clerk of the Closet, Sub-Almoner, and Sub-Dean of the Chapel Royal. Between 2007 to 2015, he was Deputy Clerk of the Closet. Scott died on 17 July 2020, aged 74. Elise Stefanik Elise Marie Stefanik (; born July 2, 1984) is an American politician. She is a member of the U.S. Representative for since 2015. When elected in 2014, Stefanik, then aged 30, became the youngest woman ever elected to Congress at the time. She is the youngest Republican woman ever elected to Congress. Stefanik was elected as the chair of the Republican House Conference in May 2021 after Liz Cheney was removed. Kana Satomi is a Japanese professional shogi player ranked 6-dan. She won 40 women's titles in her career. She also has several lifetime titles. Records. The following tables are the summary of her achievements. Public awards. She has received several awards from the local government. Mark Pryor Mark Lunsford Pryor (born January 10, 1963) is an American attorney and politician. He was a United States Senator from Arkansas from 2003 to 2015. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was Attorney General of Arkansas from 1999 to 2003. Pryor is the son of former Arkansas Governor and U.S. Senator David Pryor. George LeMieux George Stephen LeMieux (; born May 21, 1969) is an American politician. He was a United States Senator from Florida from 2009 to 2011. He is chairman of the Florida-based law firm of Gunster Yoakley & Stewart and was chief of staff to Governor Charlie Crist. He was the Deputy Florida Attorney General. On August 28, 2009, Crist announced he would appoint LeMieux as U.S. Senator to replace Mel Martínez, who weeks earlier had announced he would resign as soon as Crist announced his replacement. On April 5, 2011, LeMieux announced that he would run against incumbent Democratic Senator Bill Nelson in 2012, but dropped out of the race in June 2012. Carte Goodwin Carte Patrick Goodwin (born February 27, 1974) is an American attorney. He was a United States Senator from West Virginia in 2010. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was appointed by Governor Joe Manchin on July 16, 2010 after the death of Robert Byrd. He chose to not run in the special election on November 2, 2010, and was replaced by Manchin. Before he became a United States Senator, he was Manchin's Chief Counsel, before returning to his private practice as an attorney. He also was the Chairman of the West Virginia School Building Authority, and as Chair of the Independent Commission on Judicial Reform. In 2008, he was named one of the "Ten Most Successful Young Executives in West Virginia" by "Executive" magazine; and in 2010, "Time" named him one of the rising stars of American politics under 40, in their list of "40 under 40". Mount Alto, West Virginia Mount Alto is an unincorporated community in far western Jackson County, West Virginia, United States. It is northwest of the city of Ripley, the county seat of Jackson County. Its elevation is 709 feet (216 m). Mount Alto had a post office, which closed on June 20, 2009. Ripley, West Virginia Ripley is a city in and the county seat of Jackson County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 3,252 at the 2010 census. Merrifield, Virginia Merrifield is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The population was 15,212 at the 2010 census. Mark Hatfield Mark Odom Hatfield (July 12, 1922 – August 7, 2011) was an American politician and educator. He was a Republican, even though he mostly voted with Democratic senators. He was born in Dallas, Oregon. From 1957 to 1959, he was the Oregon Secretary of State. From 1959 to 1967, he was the Governor of Oregon. Between 1967 to 1997, Hatfield was the United States Senator from Oregon. Hatfield died in Portland, Oregon on August 7, 2011 at the age of 89. Sun and moon letters In Arabic and Maltese, consonants are divided into two groups: the sun/solar letters ( ', Maltese: konsonanti xemxin) and moon/lunar letters ( ', Maltese: konsonanti qamrin). In those languages, all nouns start with the word "al" (الـ) in Arabic or "il" in Maltese. Both words mean "the." If a sun letter comes after the consonant, the "l" sound in "al" or "il" is dropped and is replaced by whatever sound the letter makes. However, if a moon letter comes after, the "l" sound in those words stays. In Arabic, the word for "the sun" is "ash-shams" because the "sh" sound is a sun letter. Meanwhile, the word for "the moon" is "al-qamar" because the "q" sound is a moon letter. Rule. Below is a chart of the sun and moon letters in Arabic. Writing. The ال "'al-"' is written down in Arabic regardless of how it is pronounced. In the case of sun letters, a mark called the "shaddah" (ـّـ) is written over the sun letter. For moon letters, a mark called the "sukun" (ـْـ)is written over the letter ل "lam" in the "al-." Maltese. Below is a chart of the sun and moon letters in Maltese. If a word starts with any of the moon letters, the word il- stays the same. However, if it stats with a sun letter, the word il-changes to iċ-, id-, in-, ir-, is-, it-, ix-, iż-, iz-. If a word begins with two consonants, it changes to "l-i-." For example, "skola" (school) becomes "l-iskola" (the school). Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf Countess Augusta Caroline Sophie Reuss-Ebersdorf was the Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld by marriage. She was born in Saalburg-Ebersdorf. She was the maternal grandmother of Queen Victoria and the paternal grandmother of Albert, Prince Consort. Lone Dybkjær Lone Dybkjær (23 May 1940 – 20 July 2020) was a Danish politician and environmentalist. She was a member of the Social Democrats. During the Poul Schlüter cabinet, she was Minister for the Environment from 1988 to 1990. Between 1973 to 1977, 1979 to 1994 and 2005 to 2011, she was a member of the Folketing. Between 1994 to 2004, she was a member of the European Parliament. Dybkjær was born in Copenhagen. She was married to former Prime Minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen from 1994 until her death. Dybkjær died on 20 July 2020 in Copenhagen from cancer, aged 80. Under Your Spell (movie) Under Your Spell is a 1936 American romantic comedy movie directed by Otto Preminger and starring Lawrence Tibbett, Wendy Barrie, Gregory Ratoff, Arthur Treacher, Gregory Gaye. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. István Séllyei István Séllyei (8 June 1950 – 19 July 2020) was a Hungarian wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman 90 kg at the 1976 Summer Olympics. He was born in Eger, Hungary. Séllyei died in Budapest on 19 July 2020, aged 70. The Great American Broadcast The Great American Broadcast is a 1941 American musical comedy movie directed by Archie Mayo and starring Alice Faye, John Payne, Jack Oakie, Cesar Romero, James Newill, The Ink Spots. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Jonathan Oppenheim Jonathan Louis Oppenheim (November 10, 1952 – July 16, 2020) was an American movie and television editor and producer. His works were mainly documentaries. Oppenheim was known for his work on "The Oath" (2010) and "Paris Is Burning" (1990). He was born in New York City. Oppenheim died on July 16, 2020 from brain cancer, aged 67. JoJo Siwa Joelle Joanie "JoJo" Siwa is an American dancer, pop singer, actress, and YouTube personality. She is known for appearing for two seasons on "Dance Moms" and for her singles "Boomerang" and "Kid in a Candy Store". Siwa posts daily videos of her life on her YouTube channels, "JoJo Siwa TV" and "It's JoJo Siwa". She was born in Omaha, Nebraska. In June 2019, the FDA issued a warning about dangerous levels of asbestos in a JoJo Siwa-branded cosmetics kit. JoJo signed with Nickelodeon in 2017. She was in the movies "Blurt!" and "Lip Sync Battle Shorties" with Nick Cannon. Siwa came out as being in the LGBTQ+ community in January 2021. In February 2021, she revealed that she is in a relationship with her best friend who asked her to be her girlfriend a month before. Francisco Rodríguez Adrados Francisco Rodríguez Adrados (29 March 1922 – 21 July 2020) was a Spanish Hellenist, linguist and translator. He worked most of his career at the Complutense University of Madrid. He was a member of the Real Academia Española and Real Academia de la Historia. His works were mostly of the history of Ancient Greece and modern-day Greece. Rodríguez Adrados was born in Salamanca, Spain. He studied at University of Salamanca and Complutense University of Madrid. Rodríguez Adrados died on 21 July 2020 in Madrid, aged 98. Royal Spanish Academy The Royal Spanish Academy (Spanish: , generally abbreviated as RAE) is Spain's official royal institution. Its mission is to make sure the Spanish language lives on. It is based in Madrid, Spain, but also has locations throughout the world with the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language. Real Academia de la Historia The Real Academia de la Historia (RAH, 'Royal Academy of History') is a Spanish institution in Madrid. It studies history "ancient and modern, political, civil, ecclesiastical, military, scientific, of letters and arts, that is to say, the different branches of life, of civilisation, and of the culture of the Spanish people". The Academy was created by Philip V of Spain on 18 April 1738. Francisco Ayala Francisco Ayala García-Duarte (16 March 1906 – 3 November 2009) was a Spanish writer. He was the last representative of the Generation of '27. He was a member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts from 1997 until his death. He was known for his short stories about the Spanish Civil War. His best known works were "El As de Bastos" ("The Ace of Staves", 1963), "El rapto" ("The Kidnap", 1965), and "El jardín de las delicias" ("The Garden of Earthly Delights", 1971). Ayala died in Madrid, 3 November 2009, at the age of 103. Emilio Lledó Emilio Lledó Íñigo (born 5 November 1927) is a Spanish philosopher. He has been a professor at several universities. He is a member of the Royal Spanish Academy. He was born in Seville, Spain. He worked at the University of La Laguna for two years. Later, in 1967, he moved to the University of Barcelona, where he had been given the chair in Philosophy. In 1978, he moved again, to the National University of Distance Education (UNED), where he remained until his retirement. Lledó was elected to Seat l of the Real Academia Española on 11 November 1993. Luis Goytisolo Luis Goytisolo Gay (born 17 March 1935) is a Spanish writer. He is best known for his tetralogy "Antagonía", which was published between 1973 and 1981. Goytisolo is a member of the Real Academia Española. He was born in Barcelona. He is the younger brother to José Agustín Goytisolo and Juan Goytisolo. In 1963 he was locked up for four months in the Carabanchel Prison for being a supporter of the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia/Communist Party of Spain. Francisco Brines Francisco Brines Bañó (22 January 1932 – 20 May 2021) was a Spanish poet. He was born in Oliva, Valencia region. He was thought to be one of the 50s Generation of Spanish poets. His poetry collections include: "Las brasas" (1960), "Palabras a la oscuridad" (1966), "Aún no" (1971), "Insistencias en Luzbel" (1977), "El otoño de las rosas" (1986) and "La última costa" (1995). His collected poems "Ensayo de una despedida" were published in 1997. He won the Premio Nacional de las Letras Españolas in 1999. Brines was elected to the Real Academia Española on 19 April 2001.In 2020, he was awarded the Miguel de Cervantes Prize. He taught Spanish literature at Oxford University and Cambridge University. Brines died of problems caused by hernia surgery at a hospital in Gandia, Spain on 20 May 2021, aged 89. The Valley of Decision The Valley of Decision is a 1945 American historical drama movie directed by Tay Garnett and was based on the 1942 novel of the same name by Marcia Davenport. It stars Greer Garson, Gregory Peck, Donald Crisp, Lionel Barrymore, Marsha Hunt, Preston Foster, Gladys Cooper, Jessica Tandy, Reginald Owen and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was nominated for 2 Academy Awards in 1946. Li Jijun Li Jijun (, October 9, 1933 – July 21, 2020), was a Chinese geographer and geomorphologist. He was born in Pengzhou, Sichuan. In 1991, he was elected as a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was a professor of Geography Department of Lanzhou University and a Dean of the Geography Department of Lanzhou University. Li died on July 21, 2020 in Lanzhou, Gansu at the age of 87. Paul Cook (politician) Paul Cook (born March 3, 1943) is an American politician. He was a member of the U.S. House of Representative for California's 8th congressional district from 2013 until 2020. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was a member of the California State Assembly until 2012. In September 2019, Cook announced that he would not run for re-election to Congress in 2020. He instead ran for a seat on the San Bernardino County Board of Supervisors. He won the election and was sworn in on December 7, 2020. Bous, Luxembourg Bous () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Remich. As of 2019, 1,652 people live here. Dalheim, Luxembourg Dalheim () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Remich. As of 2019, 2,325 people live here. Lenningen, Luxembourg Lenningen () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Remich. As of 2019, 1,941 people live here. Mondorf-les-Bains Mondorf-les-Bains (, ) is a commune in Luxembourg that is part of the canton of Remich. It is a spa town. As of 2019, 5,273 people live here. Schengen, Luxembourg Schengen is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Remich. On 1 January 2012, the former communes of Burmerange and Wellenstein merged to form the commune of Schengen. As of 2019, 4,833 people live here. Burmerange Burmerange (, ) is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Remich. On 1 January 2012, the commune was merged with Wellenstein to form the commune of Schengen. Stadtbredimus Stadtbredimus () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Remich. As of 2019, 1,894 people live here. Waldbredimus Waldbredimus () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Remich. As of 2019, 1,181 people live here. Wellenstein Wellenstein () is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Remich. On 1 January 2012, the commune was merged with Burmerange to form the commune of Schengen. Bastendorf Bastendorf () is a small town in the commune of Tandel, in northeastern Luxembourg. Bastendorf was a commune in the canton of Diekirch until 1 January 2006, when it was merged with Fouhren to form the new commune of Tandel, in Vianden. Fouhren Fouhren (, ) is a small town in the commune of Tandel, in northeastern Luxembourg. Fouhren was a commune in the canton of Vianden until 1 January 2006, when it was merged with Bastendorf to form the new commune of Tandel. Wilwerwiltz Wilwerwiltz () is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Wiltz. On 1 January 2006, the commune was merged with Kautenbach to form the new commune of Kiischpelt. Ermsdorf Ermsdorf () is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Diekirch. On 1 January 2012, the commune was merged with Medernach to form the new commune of Vallée de l'Ernz. Kautenbach Kautenbach () is a former commune in Luxembourg. It was part of the canton of Wiltz. On 1 January 2006, the commune was merged with Wilwerwiltz to form the new commune of Kiischpelt. Bettendorf, Luxembourg Bettendorf () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Diekirch. It lies along the river Sauer. As of 2019, 2,857 people live here. Ettelbruck Ettelbruck ( ) is a commune with town status in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Diekirch. As of 2019, 8,926 people live here. Rumelange Rumelange (; ) is a commune with town status in Luxembourg, on the border with France. It is part of the canton of Esch-sur-Alzette. As of 2019, 5,608 people live here. Feulen Feulen () is a commune in Luxembourg. It is part of the canton of Diekirch. As of 2019, 2,164 people live here. Dalheim Dalheim is the name of two places in Europe: Perquimans County, North Carolina Perquimans County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2010, 13,453 people lived there. Its county seat is Hertford. Drava Statistical Region The Drava Statistical Region () is a statistical region in Slovenia. The largest city in the region is Maribor. Municipalities. The Drava Statistical Region has 41 municipalities: Lamborghini Centenario The Lamborghini Centenario is a supercar. Lamborghini made it in 2016. They only made 40 Centenarios. Twenty of them were coupes. The other twenty were convertibles. The Centenario convertible was called the Centenario Roadster. All of them sold out before the car was even released. It shares the same platform as the aventador but exhibits some new technology which is going to be integrated into future designs History. The Centenario was built to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Ferruccio Lamborghini’s birth. It was first shown at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show. The Centenario was based off the Aventador. It used a more powerful version of its V12 engine. Production. Lamborghini made a total of 40 Centenarios (20 coupes and 20 roadsters). All of them had already been sold by the time Lamborghini started delivering them to customers. Engine and transmission. The Centenario is based off the Aventador. It is powered by a more powerful version of the Aventador's 6.5-litre V12 engine. The engine makes at 8,500 rpm and of torque at 5,500 rpm. This is more than the Aventador SV. The engine is paired with the same 7-speed "ISR" automated manual gearbox as the Aventador. The Centenario’s power goes to all four wheels through the Aventador’s all-wheel drive system. Performance. The Centenario can accelerate from in 2.8 seconds. It can also go from in 23.5 seconds. It has a top speed of . The car can also brake from in just . Centenario Roadster. Lamborghini first showed the Centenario Roadster at the August 2016 Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance. The only change over the regular Centenario is that the Roadster weighed a little bit more. The Roadster's performance is the same as that of the coupe. Roanoke Roanoke may refer to: Roanoke people The Roanoke people were a group of Native Americans who lived in North Carolina. Their population was between 5,000 and 10,000. Their capital was possibly "Dasamonguepeuk". The English met them on Roanoke Island, where the English would later create Roanoke Colony. Policy debate Policy debate is a competition where two sides argue for and against a resolution, which usually calls for a change in policy in the U.S. government. It is also called cross-examination debate, Cross-X debate, CX debate, Cross-ex debate, or C-X debate. This is because of a three minute "cross-examination" between each constructive speech. Carinthia Statistical Region The Carinthia Statistical Region () is a statistical region in northern Slovenia. It lies along the border with Austria. Municipalities. The Carinthia Statistical Region has 12 municipalities: Savinja Statistical Region The Savinja Statistical Region () is a statistical region in Slovenia. Municipalities. The Savinja Statistical Region has 31 municipalities: The municipalities of Bistrica ob Sotli and the Radeče were part of the region until 1 January 2015; they became part of the Lower Sava Statistical Region in 2015. Central Sava Statistical Region The Central Sava Statistical Region () is a statistical region in Slovenia. Municipalities. The Central Sava Statistical has four municipalities: Lower Sava Statistical Region The Lower Sava Statistical Region (; until 31 December 2014 ) is a statistical region in Slovenia. Municipalities. The Lower Sava Statistical Region has six municipalities: Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region The Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region () is a statistical region in Slovenia. Municipalities. The Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region has 21 municipalities: Littoral–Inner Carniola Statistical Region The Littoral–Inner Carniola Statistical Region () is a statistical region in Slovenia. Until 1 January 2015, it was named the Inner Carniola–Karst Statistical Region (). Municipalities. The Littoral–Inner Carniola Statistical Region has six municipalities: Upper Carniola Statistical Region The Upper Carniola Statistical Region is a statistical region in Slovenia. Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport is in the region. Municipalities. The Upper Carniola Statistical Region has 18 municipalities: Coastal–Karst Statistical Region The Coastal–Karst Statistical Region (, ) is a statistical region in Slovenia. Municipalities. The Coastal–Karst Statistical Region has 8 municipalities: Rodolfo Olgiati Rodolfo Olgiati (Lugano, 30 June 1905 – Bern, 31 May 1986) was a Swiss schoolteacher and educationist. Olgiati studied in Chur and Bern. He studied mathematics and physics at the ETH Zurich. He met Leonhard Ragaz. From 1929 to 1932, he was a teacher at the Odenwaldschule in Heppenheim. In 1933, he worked at Faithfull's home for educators in England. From 1934 to 1935, he worked for Fritz Wartenweiler in the youth courses. In 1935 he became secretary of the Service Civil International. During the Spanish Civil War, in February 1937, he worked for the rescue of vulnerable children and founded the Swiss Working Group for Spanish Children (SAS) with Fritz Wartenweiler and Regina Kägi-Fuchsmann. In Spain, he met Irma Schneider, who, as a former teacher at the Swiss school in Barcelona, ​​ran the canteen for pregnant women in Madrid. In January 1940, he helped bring together 17 organizations under the umbrella organization of the Swiss Working Group for Children Affected by War (SAK). In January 1942, Children's Aid, were founded by the Swiss Red Cross and the SAK in order to be able to extend children's aid to the whole of Europe. From 1942 to 1943, Olgiati was a central secretary. He resigned at the end of 1943 and the SAK was dissolved in 1944. From late 1944 to 1948, he was the manager of Swiss donation, and from 1948 Swiss European Aid (SEH). He started aid for Germany. From 1949 to 1970, he was a member of the International Red Cross ICRC in Geneva. In 1958, he led the East Swiss Evangelical Home of Wartensee. He founded the Swiss Aid Organization for Non-European Areas (SHAG) with Regina Kägi-Fuchsmann. Avesnes-sur-Helpe Avesnes-sur-Helpe () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 4,345 people lived there. Douai Douai is a commune. It is in the Nord department in northern France. Valenciennes Valenciennes is a commune. It is in the Nord department in northern France. Les Andelys Les Andelys is a commune of 8,056 people (2017). It is found in the region Normandy in the Eure department in the north of France. Thiers, Puy-de-Dôme Thiers is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department. Bantigny Bantigny () is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2018, 520 people lived there. Lamborghini Sián FKP 37 The Lamborghini Sián FKP 37 is a supercar. Lamborghini says that they will start making it in 2020. The Sián is based off the Aventador. Lamborghini will only make 63 Siáns. The Sián is the first Lamborghini to have a hybrid powertrain. This means that the car is powered by both a gas engine and an electric motor. History. Lamborghini first showed the Sián FKP 37 at the 2019 Frankfurt Motor Show. The car’s name was made to honor Ferdinand Piëch. Piëch had died a couple months before the Sián was first shown. "FKP" was the initials of Piëch‘s name. The "37" came from Piëch‘s birth year, which was 1937. Production. Lamborghini will only build 63 Sián FKP 37s. This is because Lamborghini started making road cars in 1963. All 63 Siáns have already been sold. Engine and transmission. The Sián FKP 37 is based off the Aventador, and shares its 6.5 litre Lamborghini V12 engine with the Aventador. The Sián also has an electric motor, which adds another to the car’s horsepower level. The V12 makes in the Sián. The total power output of the car is . That makes it the most powerful Lamborghini ever made. The engine is paired with a version of the Aventador’s seven-speed automated manual transmission. The Sián sends its power to all four wheels through an all-wheel drive system. Performance. The Sián is able to go from 0- in 2.8 seconds. Lamborghini says that the Sián will have a top speed of . Sián FKP 37 Roadster. In July 2020, Lamborghini first showed the Sián FKP 37 Roadster. Only 19 Roadsters will be made. All of them have already been sold. The Sián FKP 37 Roadster is very similar to the coupe, and will probably perform about the same. Ochelata, Oklahoma Ochelata is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Tribbey, Oklahoma Tribbey is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Person County, North Carolina Person County is a county in the U.S. state of North Carolina. In 2010, 39,464 people lived there. Its county seat is Roxboro. San Saba, Texas San Saba is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Ƒ The letter (minuscule: ƒ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, based on the italic form of F. It is used in writing the Ewe language to represent a voiceless bilabial fricative (IPA: ), as distinct from the letter F, which represents a voiceless labiodental fricative. Compare , which is the equivalent voiced sound. The minuscule ƒ is also used as an abbreviation for florin, gulden and guilder. The lowercase ƒ is also used in mathamatics for funtion notation: ƒ(x)=πx2 Use on computers. Older fonts and character encodings included only the minuscule form for its use as an abbreviation. Unicode includes both the majuscule and the minuscule. RM (rapper) Kim Nam-joon (; born September 12, 1994), better known as RM (formerly Rap Monster), is a South Korean rapper, songwriter, and record producer. He is the leader of and a rapper in South Korean boy group BTS. He also sings his own songs. He has worked with artists such as Wale, Younha, Warren G, Gaeko, Krizz Kaliko, MFBTY, Fall Out Boy, Primary, and Lil Nas X. Early life. He was born on September 12, 1994, in Dongjak-gu, a district in Seoul, and grew up in Ilsan-gu, another district in Seoul, where his family moved when he was four or five. He has a younger sister. As a child, RM largely learned English through watching "Friends" with his mother. As a student, he wrote poetry and often received awards for his writings. He posted his work to an online poetry website for roughly one year, where he received some attention. Through this, RM grew interested in pursuing a literary career but decided against it. Songs. Below is a list of RM's own songs. To see songs he has made as a member of BTS, see BTS. Kim Seok-jin Kim Seok-jin (; born on December 4, 1992), also known by his stage name Jin, is a South Korean singer, songwriter, and member of the South Korean boy band BTS since June 2013. Kim was recruited for the group while in university and joined Big Hit Entertainment as an actor, eventually becoming a Korean idol. Kim has co-written and released three solo tracks with BTS: "Awake" (2016), "Epiphany" (2018), and "" (2020), all of which have charted on South Korea's Gaon Digital Chart. In 2019, Jin released his first independent song, the digital track "Tonight". He also appeared on the 2016 "" soundtrack alongside BTS member V. Early life. Kim Seok-jin was born on December 4, 1992, in Gwacheon, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. He has an older brother. J-Hope Jung Ho-seok (; born February 18, 1994),better known by his stage name j-hope, is a South Korean rapper, songwriter and record producer. In 2013, J-Hope made his debut as a member of the South Korean band BTS, managed under Big Hit Entertainment. J-Hope released his first solo mixtape, "Hope World", March 1, 2018. A lot of people liked the album. His debut at number 63 (and subsequent peak at number 38) made him the highest charting solo Korean artist on the "Billboard" 200 at the time of the mixtape's release. In September 27, 2019, he released his song ”Chicken Noodle Soup” featuring Becky G.J-Hope released his first studio album, " Jack In The Box " , July 15, 2022, and the most biggest album on iTunes. Life and career. 2018–present: Solo activities and first mixtape. J-Hope makes music on the side while performing with the rest of BTS. Name. His stage name, "J-Hope (제이홉)" (transliteration: "Jeihop"), comes from his desire to represent hope for fans, as well as to be "the hope of BTS." It is also a reference to the Greek myth of Pandora's box, as after the box was opened and all the evils inside were released to the world, the only thing left at the bottom was hope. Personal life. J-Hope currently lives in Seoul with the other members of BTS. Charity. On February 18, 2019, J-Hope donated 100 million Korean won (US$89,000) to Child Fund Korea, in support of those attending his high school alma mater in Gwangju. He had previously donated 150 million won (about US$133,000) to the same organization in December 2018, but requested the donation be private at the time. Donald Whiston Donald Francis Whiston (June 19, 1927 – July 11, 2020) was an American ice hockey player. He won a silver medal at the 1952 Winter Olympics. Afterwards he coached at Brown for three seasons. Whiston was born in Lynn, Massachusetts. Whiston died on July 11, 2020 in Ipswich, Massachusetts at the age of 93. Ipswich, Massachusetts Ipswich is a coastal town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 13,175 at the 2010 census. Charles Sanders Peirce Charles Sanders Peirce ( ; September 10, 1839 – April 19, 1914) was an American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist. He is sometimes known as "the father of pragmatism". He was known for his works in logic, mathematics, philosophy, scientific methodology, and semiotics. Peirce was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Peirce died on April 19, 1914 in Milford, Pennsylvania at the age of 74. Michael Silverstein Michael Silverstein (12 September 1945 – 17 July 2020) was an American linguist. He was the Charles F. Grey Distinguished Service Professor of anthropology, linguistics, and psychology at the University of Chicago. He was a theoretician of semiotics and linguistic anthropology. Silverstein died on 17 June 2020, aged 74. Baba Ibrahim Suma-Keita Baba Ibrahim Suma-Keita (20 April 1947 – 18 July 2020) was a Sierra Leonean long-distance runner. He competed in the marathon at the 1980 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics. Suma-Keita died on 18 July 2020 in Freetown, Sierra Leone at the age of 73. Louis Dicaire Louis Dicaire (29 August 1946 – 19 July 2020) was a Canadian Roman Catholic bishop. He was the auxiliary bishop of Saint-Jean-Longueuil from 2004 until his death. Dicaire was Auxiliary Bishop of Montreal from 1999 to 2004. He was born in Montreal. Dicaire died on 19 July 2020 in Montreal, aged 73. Mikołaj Kubica Mikołaj Kubica (27 October 1945 – 19 July 2020) was a Polish gymnast. He competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics, the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born in Niedobczyce, Poland. Kubica died on 19 July 2020, aged 74. Esther Salas Esther Salas (born December 29, 1968) is an American District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey sitting in Newark, New Jersey. She was a United States Magistrate Judge of the same court from 2006 until her confirmation as a district judge in 2011. Salas is the first Hispanic woman to be a United States Magistrate Judge and as a United States District Judge in the District of New Jersey. On July 19, 2020, an anti-feminist lawyer, Roy Den Hollander, targeted Salas' family at their home. Salas's son Daniel, aged 20, opened the door when Den Hollander knocked and opened fire, killing Daniel at the scene. Her husband Mark was also shot multiple times and left in a critical but stable condition. Salas was in the basement at the time of the attack and was not injured. Monterey Park, California Monterey Park is a city in the western San Gabriel Valley region of Los Angeles County, California in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, United States. It is about from Los Angeles. In the 2010 Census, the city had a total population of 60,269. Jorge Villavicencio Jorge Alejandro Villavicencio Álvarez (1958 – 20 July 2020) was a Guatemalan surgeon and politician. He was Minister of Public Health and Social Assistance from 2 May 2012 to 24 September 2014 during the Otto Pérez Molina presidency. In 2019, Villavicencio was arrested and sent to a private military prison over corruption accusations. Villavicencio died of COVID-19 at a hospital in Guatemala City on 20 July 2020, aged 62. Suka K. Frederiksen Suka K. Frederiksen (July 18, 1965 – July 21, 2020) was a Greenlandic politician. She was the Foreign Minister of Greenland from 2017 until her death under the Kim Kielsen cabinet. Frederiksen was a member of the Inatsisartut from 2014 until her death. Frederiksen was a member of the Siumut party. Frederiksen died after a long-illness on July 21, 2020 at the age of 55. Inatsisartut The Inatsisartut ('), also known as the Parliament of Greenland in English, is the unicameral parliament (legislative branch) of Greenland. It was created in 1979, it meets in Inatsisartut, on the islet of Nuuk Center in central Nuuk. There are 31 members. They are elected for four-year periods. Annie Ross Annabelle Allan Short (25 July 1930 – 21 July 2020), known professionally as Annie Ross, was a British-American jazz singer-songwriter and actress. She was best known as a member of the jazz vocal trio Lambert, Hendricks & Ross. She also wrote the song "Twisted". An actress, she appeared in the movie "Short Cuts". Ross was born in London. Ross died on 21 July 2020 in New York City from problems caused by emphysema and heart disease, four days before her 90th birthday. Mike Slemen Michael Anthony Charles Slemen (11 May 1951 – 21 July 2020) was an English international rugby union player. He toured South Africa in 1980 with the British and Irish Lions and at the time played club rugby for Liverpool. His career lasted from 1976 to 1980. He died on 21 July 2020, aged 69. Paul Lynde Paul Edward Lynde (; June 13, 1926 – January 10, 1982) was an American comedian, actor and game show panelist. Lynde was well known for his roles as Uncle Arthur on "Bewitched," the father Harry MacAfee in "Bye Bye Birdie," and as a regular "center square" panelist on the game show "The Hollywood Squares" from 1968 to 1981. He also voiced animated characters for four Hanna-Barbera works. He was secretly gay. Lynde died of a heart attack at his home in Beverly Hills, California on January 10, 1982 at the age of 55. Simon Russell Beale Sir Simon Russell Beale, (born 12 January 1961) is an English actor, author and music historian. He was born in Penang, Malaya (present-day Malaysia). He appeared in "Persuasion" (1995), "The Young Visiters" (2003), "Dunkirk" (2004), "The Deep Blue Sea" (2011) and as Falstaff in the BBC made-for-television movies "Henry IV, Part I and Part II" (2012). He was part of the main cast of Showtime's "Penny Dreadful". He also appeared in "Into the Woods" (2014) and "The Death of Stalin" (2017). Charles Simonyi Charles Simonyi (; , ; born September 10, 1948) is a Hungarian-born American software architect. He started and led Microsoft's applications group, where he built the first versions of Microsoft Office. He founded and led Intentional Software. In April 2007, aboard Soyuz TMA-10, he became the fifth space tourist and the second Hungarian in space. In March 2009, aboard Soyuz TMA-14, he made a second trip to the International Space Station. His net worth is US$3.3 billion. He was born in Budapest. Stephen A. Schwarzman Stephen Allen Schwarzman (born February 14, 1947) is an American businessman, investor, and philanthropist. He is the chairman and CEO of The Blackstone Group. His wealth was at $17.2 billion as of October 2019. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As of 2019, "Forbes" ranked Schwarzman at 100th on its World's Billionaires List. He was Chairman of President Donald Trump's Strategic and Policy Forum in 2017. Separate classroom Separate classroom or special class is a class for students with a disability who are grouped together for a special education program based on how similar their needs are. They may have the same disability or have different disabilities but their needs should be the same. Students attend separate classrooms while also attending a regular school. For example, a child with moderate intellectual disability is eligible for special classes in which self-care is emphasized instead of academic achievement. Kurangumala Kurangumala (Monkey Hill) is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state, India. Language. Malayalam is the native language of Kurangumala. Education. St. Thomas College is situated near Kurangumala. Politics. Kurangumala is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Weather. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Kurisumuttom Kurisumuttom is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state, India. Language. Malayalam is the native language of Kurisumuttom. Politics. Kurisumuttom is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Weather. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Kuttappuzha Kuttappuzha is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state, India. Language. Malayalam is the native language of Kuttappuzha. Politics. Kuttappuzha is a part of Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency. Mr. Anto Antony is the current Member of Parliament of the constituency. Weather. The climate of the place is moderate and pleasant. Tropical climate is prevailed here throughout the year. Transportation. The major transportation service of this place is provided by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC). Kuttimannilbethel Kuttimannilbethel is a village in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala state, India. Language. Malayalam is the native language of Kuttimannilbethel. Politics. Chinese mystery snail The Chinese mystery snail ("Bellamya chinensis") is a is a large freshwater snail. It is known for its scarce shell and edible antenna, it is very unusual. It also eats dung and was discovered in 1324 A.D. It can grow up to 5.1 cm long. Younian dialect Younian language or Younian dialect ( "yōunian") is a kind of Pinghua dialects. It is used in some villages of Red Yao in Longsheng County, Guilin, and Guangxi. There were more than 10,000 native speakers in 1997. Brad Williamson (ice hockey) Brad Williamson (born July 4, 1977) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman. Loretta Sanchez Loretta Sanchez (born January 7, 1960) is an American politician. She is from California. Sanchez served in the United States House of Representatives from 1997 to 2017. Early life. Loretta Sanchez was born in California. Her parents were immigrants from Mexico. She grew up in Anaheim, California. In Anaheim, she went to a public school. She was a very good student. As a child, people were mean to Sanchez because she was Hispanic. This made Sanchez very sad. Later, she went to college at Chapman University in Orange County, California. She and her husband were part of the Republican Party. Sanchez did not like how immigrants, women, and people who are gay were being treated. She left the Republican Party and joined the Democratic Party. Her sister, Linda Sanchez is also a U.S. Representative from California. Her change. Sanchez helped schools that needed money and helped fight for human rights. She was elected twice to be in the U.S. Congress. She helped many people who were poor and disrespected to be treated equally.   First election. She competed with Bob Dornan for a spot in the U.S. House of Representatives. She disagreed with him about the rights of gay people and rights of gun owners. Sanchez beat him by fewer than 1,000 votes. Dornan said that she cheated. She won the election because people wanted her to be an American representative in the U.S. Congress. Sanchez spoke only about simple problems when she was running for a spot in the U.S. House of Representatives. For example, she talked about education and jobs. She did not talk about more complex problems such as immigration. Senate run. Sanchez ran for the United States Senate in 2016. Sanchez lost in the November election to California Attorney General Kamala Harris. Ignazio Cassis Ignazio Cassis (born 13 April 1961) is a Swiss physician and politician. He is the current President of the Swiss Confederation since 2022. He is a member of the FDP.The Liberals and was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 20 September 2017. He has served since 1 November 2017 as head of the Department of Foreign Affairs. He was born in Sessa, Switzerland. Cassis took office on 1 November 2017 as head of the Department of Foreign Affairs, succeeding Didier Burkhalter. Computer-aided design Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computer software to help create, change, analyse or optimize designs. It is meant to help the designer create better quality, more precise, and neater designs. It also helps improve communication of the design by creating documentation for it as well as a database for manufacturing. CAD is used in many places such as architecture and product design. Designing using CAD can take longer than the traditional way of drawing on paper and costs more because of the software. Also, people often need to be trained to understand CAD. Kitzbühel Kitzbühel is a small medieval town in Tyrol, Austria. It is the administrative center of the Kitzbühel district ("Bezirk"). As of 2018, 8,272 people live there. It is in the Kitzbühel Alps along the river Kitzbüheler Ache and about 100 km (62 mi) east of the state capital Innsbruck. Kitzbühel is a ski resort of international renown and its ski season lasts from mid October to early May. During winter and early spring it is frequented primarily by upper-class clientele from Austria and from abroad. Dii Consentes The Dii Consentes (Latin: "[the] council of the divine") was the principal group of deities within Ancient Roman religion, equivalent to the Twelve Olympians. As listed by the poet Ennius in the late 3rd Century BC, they consisted of: Candy Lightner Candace Lynne "Candy" Lightner (born May 30, 1946) is the founding president of Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD). On May 3, 1980, Lightner’s 13-year-old daughter, Cari, was killed by a hit-and-run drunk driver at Sunset and New York Avenues in Fair Oaks, California. The sentence given to the repeat offender of driving while intoxicated (DWI) outraged Lightner who then organized Mothers Against Drunk Drivers. She served as president of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee from October 1994 to March 1995. Michiko Nishiura Weglyn Michiko Nishiura Weglyn (November 29, 1926 – April 25, 1999) was a Japanese-American activist and clothing designer, whose goal was to raise awareness about concentration camps during World War II. After United States Attorney General Ramsey Clark lied and said that the concentration camps did not exist in the US, Weglyn made it her goal to tell people the truth about the concentration camps. Early Life. Weglyn was born on November 29, 1926, on her family’s farm in Stockton, California. She was one of two sisters and had a loving mother and father, Tomojiro and Misao Weglyn. Before going to school in the mornings, Weglyn fed the chickens and the horses to prove to her father she was just as useful as a boy. In 1926, boys were often considered more important than girls. Concentration Camp. Weglyn was put in a concentration camp, in Gila River, Arizona. This camp was for Japanese Americans during World War II. Many Americans believed that Japanese people were helping Japan, perhaps planning another attack after Pearl Harbor. Later in her life, Weglyn heard the attorney general, Ramsey Clark, deny that America ever had concentration camps. He said that the concentration camps that had affected Weglyn's life never happened. Of course, this was a lie, and Weglyn was telling the truth about her past experiences. Weglyn later decided to write a book called, "Years of Infamy: The Untold Story of America’s Concentration Camps", to share the horror and torture that she experienced. She wrote to raise awareness. This is why she is considered an activist, who helped inspire others to share their stories. Life as a Designer. Weglyn was one of the first Japanese-American female designer known internationally. Throughout her career she made beautiful pieces of clothing to fit actors/actresses needs. She was known as a designer who could hide the actors/actresses flaws. Sandra Cisneros Sandra Cisneros (December 20, 1954- ) is an author from Chicago, Illinois. She is famous for her book "The House on Mango Street." It has sold six million copies and been translated into over 20 languages. Middle and high schoolers read her books in school for education uses. The House on Mango Street is a series of vignettes. A vignette is a series of stories or a brief description of something. The girl in the novel goes through childhood to adulthood changes. Sandra studied at Loyola University of Chicago and the University of Iowa. Her books are about issues between other races, classes, and genders. Family. Sandra is the second child of Alfredo Cisneros de Moral and Elvira Cordero Anguiano. They had seven children together, one girl and the rest were boys. There was one daughter but she died as a baby after giving birth. Sandra's father wants his family of boys. During her childhood, there was sexism so her father which is pushing her over the limits. Since her father Alfredo Cisneros de Moral moved the family between Mexico City and Chicago, Sandra was shy during her childhood. She doesn't make close friends for pretty long. Her mother, Elvira Cordero Anguiano, was a strong female who wanted Sandra to achieve her goal. Gertrude Caroline Ederle Gertrude Caroline Ederle (October 23, 1905 – November 30, 2003) was the first woman to swim the English Channel. Early life. Ederle’s birthdate was October 23, 1905. Her family came from Germany to New York. Her mother taught her to swim. Ederle decided she wanted to be a swimmer. English Channel. Ederle had the world's quickest time for women in swimming. She swam across the English Channel, which is 21 miles long. She swam in a record time of 14 hours and 39 minutes. It was a world record for 35 years. She was the 6th person to swim across the English Channel and the first woman to do so. Olympics. Ederle was a swimmer in the Olympics. She won one gold medal and two bronze medals in the 1924 summer Olympics. Support for Women's swimming. Ederle believed that women could be talented swimmers. She helped the Women’s Swimming Association. She was also famous for her bravery by being the first woman to swim the English Channel. Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins Sarah Winnemucca (born 1844) was a protester for Native American rights during the 1800s. Winnemucca was part of the Paiute group in Nevada. Winnemucca wrote an autobiography, "Life Among the Paiutes: their Wrongs and their Claims". Her autobiography is about her fight to stop the government from treating the Native Americans unfairly. Winnemucca opened two schools for Indian children. Early Life. Winnemucca was born in 1844 near Humboldt Sink, Nevada. She was the fourth child in her family. Her father was named Chief Winnemucca and her mother was named Tuboitonie. At birth, she was named Thocmetony. This word means shell flower. Then she changed her name to Sarah. During her life, her group was kept on a reservation. Education. The most education she had was three weeks at a Californian Catholic School. Achievements. Winnemucca first talked about how the American government took over the Native American land. She became famous by speaking about the government’s unfair treatment of the Native American people. Winnemucca also met with Rutherford B. Hayes, an American President. She talked in many cities about how the Paiutes were being treated badly. She wrote an autobiography that was the first autobiography written by a Native American woman. Overall, Winnemucca is known for her support of peace between the American government and the Native Americans. She died on October 16th, 1891. Emmabuntüs Emmabuntüs is a Linux distribution derived from Ubuntu/Debian and designed to facilitate the repacking of computers donated to humanitarian organizations like the Emmaüs Communities. The name Emmabuntüs is a portmanteau of Emmaüs and Ubuntu. Features. Emmabuntüs can be installed, in its entirety, without an Internet connection as all of the required packages are included within the disk image. The disk image includes packages for multiple languages and also optional non-free codecs that the user can choose whether to install or not. Emmabuntüs was developed to function correctly on 10 years old computers, which were previously running Windows XP or more up-to-date Windows versions, and equipped with a minimum of 1 Gigabyte of RAM for the 32 bits versions. This allows associations like YovoTogo & JUMP Lab'Orione to recycle computers in order to equip high schools in Togo, or the Emmabuntüs collective to equip kindergarten and elementary schools in the Paris area. Desktop environment. The desktop environment are Xfce and LXQt with Cairo-Dock. Applications. Multiple applications are installed that perform the same task in order to provide a choice for each user that uses the system. Emmanuntüs also includes educational software like Gcompris, TuxPaint, TuxMath, TuxType, Scratch, etc. It also contains Kiwix, an off-line Wikipedia reader allowing Emmabuntüs to become an self-contained (without Internet access) Free Culture Server, including Wikis like Vikidia, or books in the ePub format. Agildo Ribeiro Agildo Ribiero (April 24, 1932 – April 28, 2018) was a Brazilian actor. He was born in Rio de Janeiro. He was known for his role in the 1959 movie "Three Loves in Rio". Ribeiro died in Rio de Janeiro on April 28, 2018 of heart failure at the age of 86. Derek Keys Derek Lyle Keys (30 August 1931 – 29 April 2018) was a South African politician. He served as Minister of Finance from 1992 to September 1994, in the cabinets of F. W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela. Keys died on 29 April 2018 at the age of 86. Deaths in May 2018 The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in May 2018. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting. Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source. Pik Botha Roelof Frederik "Pik" Botha, DMS (27 April 1932 – 12 October 2018) was a South African politician. He served as the country's foreign minister in the last years of the apartheid era. Botha was nicknamed 'Pik' (short for "pikkewyn", Afrikaans for 'penguin') because of a perceived likeness to a penguin in his stance, accentuated when he wore a suit. In 2000, Botha declared his support for Presidents Nelson Mandela and Thabo Mbeki. Botha died on 12 October 2018 at his home in Pretoria at the age of 86. Rose Laurens Rose Laurens, previously billed as Rose Merryl (born Rose Podwojny; 4 March 1953 – 30 April 2018), was a French pop singer-songwriter. She was known for her songs "Africa" and the French concept album of "Les Misérables", a song later adapted into English as "I Dreamed a Dream". Laurens died on 30 April 2018 of a long-illness at the age of 65. Santa Clarita Diet Santa Clarita Diet is an American horror-comedy web television series created by Victor Fresco. It was created for the streaming service Netflix. It stars Drew Barrymore and Timothy Olyphant. The series premiered on February 3, 2017 with the first season. It has received generally positive reviews, with critics praising the cast and premise, but criticizing the number of graphic scenes. The second season was announced on March 29, 2017 and premiered on March 23, 2018. The series was cancelled on March 29, 2019 after the third season. Joel and Sheila Hammond are real estate agents in Santa Clarita, California. The couple face a series of harsh events when Sheila has a physical transformation into a zombie and starts craving human flesh after eating clams. With Joel and the family trying to help Sheila, they have to deal with neighbors, cultural norms and getting to the bottom of a potentially mythological mystery. Henderson waves Henderson Waves () is a pedestrian bridge in Singapore. The bridge is in the shape of a wave. Aileen Hernandez Aileen Clark Hernandez (May 23, 1926 – February 13, 2017) was an African-American who fought for the rights of women and people with less rights. During her life, she was the president of the National Organization for Women and also worked in government for the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Early life. Hernandez's parents were Charles and Ethel Clark. They moved from Jamaica to the United States. Hernandez grew up in Brooklyn, New York City with her two brothers. Ethel Clark was a worker in a clothing factory. Charles Clark was a worker for an art supply store. All of the children in the Clark family learned to do work around the house such as sewing and cooking. Education. Hernandez went to Bay Ridge High School. She was a successful student and almost at the top of her class. Later, she went to Howard University, in Washington, D.C. She was educated at other universities, such as University of Oslo, New York University, and the University of California at Los Angeles. In 1959, she received a master's degree from University of California at Los Angeles. Career. Her first job was with the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union. She also worked with Alan Cranston and at the Fair Employment Practice Commission. Later, she was the first female on the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Hernandez started working with businesses to help them hire more women and people with less rights in 1966. She was vice president of the National Organization for Women in 1967 and became president in 1971. Death. Hernandez died from complications related to dementia at the age of 90. Jody Williams Jody Williams (October 9th 1950 - ) is a peace activist and humanitarian. She focused mainly on removing landmines from the world. Williams was born October 09, 1950 in Vermont, USA. Williams helped start the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL). Inspiration. Many things made her become a peace activist. One of these things was her brother. Her brother was deaf and schizophrenic. He was disliked for his disabilities. In college, Williams didn't know what she wanted to study. After she graduated, she worked as a teacher in the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Washington D.C. Williams does not like landmines. She does not want innocent people to be hurt by the landmines. Some people would accidentally step on the landmines and be killed. Work With Celebrities. Williams worked with celebrities to help teach people about the danger of landmines. She even worked with was Diana, Princess of Wales. Some celebrities didn't like this activism. One celebrity that didn't like Williams’ activism was Bill Clinton, a former US president. Clinton made this clear when he did not call her when she got the Nobel Peace Prize. Achievements. Williams won the Nobel Peace Prize. She was given the Nobel Peace Prize because of her work on getting rid of landmines. The Nobel Peace Prize was given to her in October, a day after her birthday. Williams said that it was challenging for her to get support on this project. The government didn't want to give landmines up because they were cheap and worked well. Williams won the argument and had landmines were made illegal. Williams worked for many organizations. She worked with Nicaragua-Honduras Education Project, the Medical Aid for El Salvador, Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation, and Medico International. Williams wrote "Banning Landmines: Disarmament, Citizen Diplomacy, and Human Security" and "My Name is Jody Williams: A Vermont Girl's Winding Path to the Nobel Peace Prize". Williams also helped make the Nobel Women's Initiative. The Nobel Women’s Initiative is an organization that is made up of female Nobel Peace Prize winners. They work all over the world and tell people about female equality. Irene Natividad Irene Natividad works on helping women around the world. Early life. Natividad was born in 1948 in the Philippines. In Natividad’s early life, she and her family spent a lot of time moving. She traveled to Japan, Iran, Greece, and India and learned many languages, including Spanish, French, Tagalong, Farsi, Italian and Greek. By traveling, she saw how women were treated all over. Her mother never had a job because she was not allowed to work. Her mother told her to become a great student so she could get a job, unlike her. Education. Natividad went to many different schools as a child. The schools were all around the world. Her high school was in Greece. She went to Long Island University after high school. Then she went to Columbia University. She was given two degrees there. The degrees were for Philosophy and American Literature. Natividad also went to Marymount College Career. Natividad led the National Women's Political Caucus. She often writes and talks about her opinion on many topics. In 1992 she became leader of the Global Forum for Women. The Global Forum for Women comes up with ideas to try and help issues with women. She joined other people to start "Project Vote Smart." They try to get more votes for education. She became the chair of the "Women’s Votes ‘96." Awards. Asian American Quarterly (1994): “” Campaigns and Elections Magazine (1993) “Seventy-four Women Who Are Changing American Politics" The National Conference for College Women Student Leaders (1989) “Women of Distinction Award” Ladies’ Home Journal (1989) “100 Most Powerful Women in America” Women’s Funding Coalition (1987) “Innovator for Women$hare Award” Americans by Choice (1986) “Honored Americans Award” Women’s Congressional Caucus  (1985) “Women Making History Award Personal life. Natividad now lives in Washington DC. She is married to Andres Cortese. They have one son. His name is Carlo Natividad-Cortese. Nikki Giovanni Yolande Cornelia "Nikki" Giovanni, Jr. (born June 7, 1943), is an American poet, writer, commentator, activist, and educator. She was one of the world's most well-known African-American poets. She was born in Knoxville, Tennessee. Career. Giovanni was part of the Black Arts Movement. Her early writings supported human rights and fought against violence. Giovanni wrote to protest the unfair lives of black people. She also writes about family, love, and children. Some of her writing is also for children. Jazz music and her family's stories helped her writing. Achievements. Giovanni wrote "Gemini," which was given the National Book Award. Miriam Makeba Zenzi Miriam Makeba (March 4, 1932 - November 9, 2008) was a South African singer, actress, and activist. She was against racial segregation which happended during the 20th century in South Africa.She shaped the new transition of black empowerment through her nationally and somehow globally acclaimed music. Early life. Makeba was born in a town near Johannesburg, South Africa on March 4, 1932. Her town was segregated. Makeba started to sing in her school/church choir. She found comfort in singing and music. Middle Life. Makeba started singing professionally in 1950. She first sang with her cousin's group. They were called the Cuban Brothers. She was also in two other groups called the Manhattan Brothers and the Skylarks. Makeba was in movies and musicals as well. She was in the musical "King Kong" in 1959, the movie "Come Back, Africa", and she recorded music with Harry Belafonte. "Come Back, Africa" criticized segregation in South Africa. They banned her from South Africa. Harry Belafonte helped Makeba come to the United States of America. They became friends and made an album together. The album was called “An Evening with Belafonte/Makeba.” They won a Grammy award in 1966 for that album. Late Life. Makeba married a jazz trumpet player named Hugh Masekela in 1964. Makeba divorced him in 1966. She then married Stokely Carmichael in 1968. He was a Civil Rights leader. She divorced him in 1978. Makeba came back to South Africa in 1990. The government started removing laws that made South Africa segregated. Makeba then died on November 9th 2008. Fannie Lou Hamer Fannie Lou Hamer (; Townsend; October 6, 1917 – March 14, 1977) was an influential American activist who fought for equal rights. Hamer protested for racial equality and reproductive rights in America. She is known for speaking for the African American group at an important national all-white meeting. Hamer was also a church singer. Her perseverance and rebellious spirit allowed her to help others, and make a long-lasting impact. Activism. Hamer spent a large portion of her life working in the fields. She grew up on a farm. She married her husband in 1944, and they found work at a nearby plantation. In 1962, Hamer learned that voting registration for Black Americans was possible. She immediately traveled to the nearest poll. However, she could not pass the literacy test. It was made very difficult to keep Black Americans from being able to vote. She soon returned home. She was fired from her job because she wanted to vote. She continued to attempt registration. She was arrested. In prison, she was beaten. However, her confidence and perseverance gained nationwide attention. In 1964, she co-founded the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP). This organization challenged the local Democratic Party’s racist efforts. In 1968, Hamer became an official member of Mississippi’s first delegation to have both White and Black Americans. She organized many more operations and rallies in support of civil rights. Hamer traveled around the country, giving powerful speeches. In 1971, Hamer helped to found the National Women’s Political Caucus. Political progress was slow. Hamer became frustrated. She began doing economic work. She began a “pig bank” to provide free pigs for Black farmers to breed, raise, and slaughter. She later founded the Freedom Farm Cooperative (FFC). Hamer purchased land that Black people could own and farm independently. Donors supported her so that she could buy more than 600 acres to build a store, a boutique, and a sewing factory. Home Life. Hamer grew up in Mississippi, USA. She was the youngest of twenty children. Their family was able to get a small amount of a land and a tractor. A white family was very upset that Hamer’s family had this. The white family killed their cattle. After this event, The Hamer family was even poorer than before. Later Hamer said in an interview, “Things got so tough I began to wish I was white.” She also said that her mother got angry at her for saying that and her mother said “Don't ever, ever say that. You respect yourself as a little black child. And as you grow older, respect yourself as a black woman. Then one day, other people will respect you.”Hamer told herself that she would “Do something for the black man of the South if it would cost her life.”Later in Hamer’s life, she married Perry “Pap” Hamer. She adopted 4 children since she could not have any of her own. Political Life. When Hamer was still working, she learned that voting registration for Black Americans was possible. However, she could not pass the purposely-difficult literacy exam, and returned home. She was fired immediately upon return, and had much of her property confiscated. Hamer was angry and hoped to change the separated system. This hope led her to become a politician. During her political life, she was most well known for her work in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. While doing this job, Hamer fought for equality in voting. Hamer received the attention of the country for her position in the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. This helped black people to be elected to national offices in Mississippi. Henry Kirksey, a black representative in national offices, said "If Fannie Lou Hamer had had the same opportunities that Martin Luther King had, then we would have had a female Martin Luther King." Ella Baker Ella Josephine Baker (December 13, 1903 – December 13, 1986) was an African-American civil rights and human rights activist. She worked alongside some of the most famous civil rights leaders of the 20th century, including W. E. B. Du Bois, Thurgood Marshall, A. Philip Randolph, and Martin Luther King Jr. She also mentored many emerging activists, such as Diane Nash, Stokely Carmichael, Rosa Parks, and Bob Moses. Baker has been ranked as "One of the most important African American leaders of the twentieth century and perhaps the most influential woman in the Civil Rights Movement," known for her critiques not only of racism within American culture, but also the sexism and classism within the Civil Rights Movement. Organizations. Baker worked with many civil rights organizations. Some of these organizations were the NAACP, Martin Luther King’s Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. Baker knew that some Black American protesters lost their jobs. Their White American bosses fired them. So she co-founded “In Friendship.” “In Friendship” raised money and collected  clothing to send to people who were fired. Baker was the Executive Secretary. Amina al-Said Amina al-Said (January 20, 1914 - August 13, 1995) was an Egyptian feminist, journalist, and editor. In 1931, she was one of the first three women to graduate from Fu’ad University. She advocated for women's rights in Egypt. She started the first Arabic magazine for women in 1934, the "Hawaa-Eve". She also helped start the Pan-Arab Feminist Union. Al-Said was the first Egyptian journalist to be paid by a major publisher. She received the First State Recognition Award, First Order of the Republic, Universal Star, and National Arts Award. She was also one of the first women's rights activists to be supported by her government. Fred Quimby Frederick Clinton "Fred" Quimby (July 31, 1886 – September 16, 1965) was an American cartoon producer. He was best known as producing "Tom and Jerry" cartoons, for which he won seven Academy Awards. He was the movie sales executive in charge of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio, which included Tex Avery, as well as William Hanna and Joseph Barbera (creators of "Tom and Jerry"). Professor's Cube The Professor's Cube is a mechanical puzzle, a 5×5×5 version of the Rubik's Cube. It has qualities in common with both the original 3×3×3 Rubik's Cube and the 4×4×4 Rubik's Revenge, and knowing how to solve either can help when working on the 5×5×5 cube. Eric Yarrow Sir Eric Grant Yarrow, 3rd Baronet, MBE, DL, FRSE (23 April 1920 – 22 September 2018) was a British businessman. He was born in Surrey, England. After serving during World War II, he worked at Yarrow Shipbuilders, in 1946, later becoming President of Yarrow plc until 1987, and was Chairman of Clydesdale Bank from 1985 to 1991. Yarrow was appointed a Vice-President of RINA in 1972 as well as serving as Prime Warden of the Shipwrights' Company (1970–71), among other charitable activities. Yarrow was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for military service in 1946. Yarrow died on 22 September 2018 at the age of 98. Anita Ellis Anita Ellis (née Kert; April 12, 1920 – October 28, 2015) is a Canadian-born American singer, actress and pilot. She was born in Montreal, Quebec. Ellis became a naturalized United States citizen in 1950. In 1941, she joined WLW in Cincinnati, Ohio, as a singer. Ellis dubbed the singing voices of such actresses as Rita Hayworth (notably in "Gilda", 1946), Vera-Ellen and Jeanne Crain. Ellis retired in 1987 and moved to Manhattan. She suffers from Alzheimer's disease. Lydia Wideman Lydia Wideman (later "Wideman-Lehtonen"; 17 May 1920 – 13 April 2019) was a Finnish Olympic cross-country skier gold medalist. She was born in Vilppula, Finland. She was the first female Olympic medalist in cross-country skiing. In 1952 she competed in thirteen 10 km races and won all of them, including the 1952 Winter Olympics, national championships and Lahti Ski Games. In February 2018, following the death of Durward Knowles, she became the oldest living Olympic champion. Wideman died on 13 April 2019, aged 98. Durward Knowles Sir Durward Randolph Knowles (2 November 1917 – 24 February 2018) was a Bahamian sailor and Olympic champion. He won the gold medal in the Star class at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, together with Cecil Cooke. He won the bronze medal in the same class at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. From 2016 to 2018, he was the oldest living Olympic champion. He turned 100 in November 2017 and died on 24 February 2018 of kidney failure. Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse (January 2, 1918 – December 13, 2019) was a German type designer, calligrapher and book-binder. She was the 1991 winner of the Frederic W. Goudy Award. She also designed several fonts. Life. She was born in Schwerin, Germany. In her early years, she worked with Rudolf Koch and Edward Johnston. From 1946 to 1954, Von Hesse taught lettering at the Städelschule in Frankfurt. She was hired by the Stempel foundry in Frankfurt to design typefaces, and went on to a successful career as a typographer with Stempel. In 2001, she was recognized with a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Friends of Calligraphy. She turned 100 in January 2018. From 1951 until his death in 2015, she was married to Hermann Zapf. They had one son Christian, who died in 2012. She lived in Darmstadt, Germany. She died on December 13, 2019 at the age of 101. Big Four PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PwC). Big Four may refer to: Laban movement analysis Laban movement analysis (LMA) describes human movement. It is based on the original work of Rudolf Laban, and many others helped to develop it. Its main and original purpose was to be a dance notation. Before film and video were developed, there was no way to record dance moves so that later dancers could use those moves. The transmission of dance from one generation to the next depended on older expert dancers teaching young dancers. The problem was especially notable in modern dance, where the vocabulary of classical dance figures was expanded with almost no limits. Towards the end of his life, Laban extended his ideas into the movements workers made during physical work. LMA draws from many fields including anatomy, kinesiology and psychology. It is used by dancers, actors, gymnasts and many other groups. However, it is fair to say that it is now largely replaced by video recordings. Also, it is not the only kind of dance notation, and not the only way human movement can be written down as a record for later generations. And, it was not the first such system. For example, in the 1680s Pierre Beauchamp had a dance notation system for baroque dance, and in 1887/8 Eadweard Muybridge started to use film to record human and animal movement. It is film and video which has transformed our understanding of motion, rather than dance notation. But in its field the Laban notation was notable. Dance which has been reliably recorded on notation and perhaps backed up by video recording, can be and has been used to copyright choreography. Kirsty Sword Gusmão Kirsty Sword Gusmão was the first lady of East Timor from 2000 to 2015. Gusmão wanted kids to be able to learn. Gusmão started the Alola Foundation.  The Alola Foundation helps girls, their families and helps poor people. She helped free East Timor from Indonesia. Gusmão was a spy for twenty years. Early life. Gusmão was born in Melbourne, Australia, in 1966. She went to Melbourne University and studied education. East Timor. Gusmão first traveled to the East Timor part of Indonesia in 1991. She was finding information for a movie on the area and was the interpreter for the movie maker. She became a teacher in Jakarta, Indonesia. She worked there from 1992-1996. She was worried about human rights in East Timor. While she fought for human rights she met the East Timor independence leader, Xanana Gusmão. He was in prison. She met him through going to his jail cell. She married him in 2000. She moved back to Melbourne, Australia , for cancer treatment in 2012. In 2015, Sword Gusmão and Gusmão announced their separation. Wendy Wasserstein Wendy Wasserstein (October 18, 1950 – January 30, 2006) was an American playwright. She was an Andrew Dickson White Professor-at-Large at Cornell University. She received the Tony Award for Best Play and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1989 for her play "The Heidi Chronicles". Her plays, which explore topics ranging from feminism to family to ethnicity to pop culture, include "The Sisters Rosensweig", "Isn't It Romantic", "An American Daughter", "Old Money", and her last work which opened in 2005, "Third". Wasserstein was hospitalized with lymphoma in December 2005 and died on January 30, 2006, aged 55. Gloria Molina Gloria Molina is a politician and an activist for Latino rights. Early Life. Gloria Molina was born on May 31, 1948 in Los Angeles, California. Her mother and father moved to the United States from Mexico. She went to school in Pico Rivera, California as a child, and she also went to East Los Angeles College. When she was 19, she made most of the money for her family. She stopped school at California State University in Los Angeles. Achievements. Molina was a part of and started many groups that supported LatinX rights. She became a member of the California government in 1982. In 1987, she became the first woman Los Angeles government member. She heard the people of Los Angeles to make the city better. In 1991, Molina became a Supervisor for Los Angeles. While Supervisor, she fought to stop AIDS. She became the co-chair of Bill Clinton’s presidential campaign. Anjali Gopalan Anjali Gopalan (born September 1, 1957) is a gay rights activist in India. She specifically focuses on HIV/AIDS. She forced the Indian government to pay attention to people with HIV/AIDS. The Indian government had to give more money to help people with HIV/AIDS. The government also made a law that doctors have to give good medical care to people with this disease. Gopalan was born in India. Her father was in the army, so they moved around a lot. She went to school in India and the United States. She went to Lady Shri Ram College. She studied politics, journalism, and international development. Gopalan worked as a journalist in India. She moved to New York City. She became a social worker and saw how HIV/AIDS affected people. She returned to India to take care of her parents. She then began to inform her community about HIV/AIDS in India. References. "Anjali Gopalan." "Newsmakers", vol. 1, Gale, 2013. "Biography In Context", Accessed 3 May 2018. Winona LaDuke Winona LaDuke (born August 18, 1959) is an environmentalist, economist and writer who supports Native American rights. In addition, LaDuke believes in not damaging nature. For this cause, she started the White Earth Land Recovery Project. She currently lives on the White Earth Reservation. LaDuke studied at Harvard and MIT. She was included in "TIME" magazine’s 1994, “50 for the Future.” She was included because of her actions to protect Native Americans’ land from dangerous chemicals. Elaine H. Kim Elaine H. Kim (February 26, 1972) teaches Asian American Studies and she fights for Asian American rights.  She co-founded the non-profit organization Asian Women United (AWU). Kim first suffered disrespect because of her race in the second grade. She has made videos and has written in newspapers. She attended University of Pennsylvania and Columbia University. Kim went back to Seoul, South Korea to teach, but came back to University of California, Berkeley. She teaches Asian American studies, and she fought for Asian American people around the San Francisco Bay Area and in Berkeley. Ruth Sienkiewicz-Mercer Ruth Sienkiewicz-Mercer (1950-1998) was a civil rights activist and writer. She fought for the rights of people with disabilities. She also wrote the book, "I Raise My Eyes to Say Yes", with the help of Steven B. Kaplan. Early Life. When she was five weeks old, Sienkiewicz-Mercer acquired viral encephalitis. This is a disease that causes the brain to swell up. She became well again. Later, others noticed that she was not able to speak or move. Sienkiewicz-Mercer was diagnosed with cerebral palsy, a disease that causes paralysis. Education. The first school Sienkiewicz-Mercer attended was in Massachusetts. This school was meant for people with disabilities. There, a doctor diagnosed her as mentally disabled. Her parents then decided to send her to another school. This school was more expensive. Sienkiewicz-Mercer had to leave the school because there was not enough money to continue her education. She then had to attend another school for the mentally disabled. At this school, Sienkiewicz-Mercer was treated terribly for sixteen years. Quotes. "After fourteen years of living in an institution, I knew I had to write a book about my experiences to let everyone know I was aware of all that was going on. I don't want people to have to live in that kind of environment. They are left to rot, basically, and not treated like the human beings they are. My work consists of advocating for the rights of people with disabilities, promoting community services, and closing down institutions. I want to write more." Maureen Orcutt Maureen Orcutt (April 1, 1907 – January 9, 2007) was an American golfer and "New York Times" reporter. Orcutt won many golf championships. She stopped playing golf at age 87 because she had knee problems. In 1934, she won the 1934 Democratic Party nomination for the New Jersey General Assembly. In 1991, she was put into the New York State Hall of Fame for winning golf tournaments over 70 years. In 2007, Orcutt died at the age of 99 from heart failure. Patrisse Cullors Patrisse Cullors supports African Americans and their rights. She co-founded Black Lives Matter. She was born in 1984 and grew up in Los Angeles. She also supports LGBTQ rights. Early life. Cullors lived during a time when prison populations were rising. Her father and brother were in and out of prison most of her life. Her mom worked long hours and spent limited time with her. When she was 16, she identified as queer and had her first girlfriend. Her family did not agree, but her friends supported her. She decided to get involved in other groups that would support her and help others like her. Cullors went to UCLA, where she studied philosophy and religion. She kept trying to get equal rights during this time. Achievements. Cullors co-founded the Black Lives Matter movement. She created a hashtag, #BlackLivesMatter. It spread quickly on social media sites. She helped African-Americans that needed help with lawsuits against them. She supported the LGBTQ community. She wanted everyone to have equal rights. Publications. Cullors wrote the book called "STAINED: An Intimate Portrayal of State Violence." It talks about violence in prison. Russalka The Russalka was a battleship of the navy of the Russian Empire. It was assigned to coastal defense in the Baltic Sea. History. The Russian vessel "Russalka" was built in St. Petersburg in 1867. It was 62 meters long and armed with six cannons. The crew consisted of 178 sailors. On September 7, 1893, the ship entered a fateful course to Helsinki and sank in the Gulf of Finland due to bad weather. On September 10, the maritime ministry announced Russalka's disappearance with all hands lost. Search and recovery. The Imperial Russian Ministry of the Interior ordered a search, which involved 15 vessels and lasted until October 16, 1893. The search was then called off without success. On June 22, 2003, a ship was found at a depth of 30 meters from the bottom of the sea. CAD/CAM The term CAD/CAM is a shortening of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacture (CAM). The term CAD/NC (Numerical Control) is equivalent in some industries. Most CAD/CAM software was developed for product development and to design and manufacture of components and molds. They are also increasingly used by architects. CAD/CAM software uses CAD drawing tools to describe geometries used by the CAM portion of the program to define a toolpath that will direct the motion of a machine tool to machine the exact shape that was drawn. Examples of CAD/CAM software are SolidWorks, INVENTOR, CATiA and AutoCAD. Furthermore, examples of CAM software are SolidCAM and CAMWorks. 3D CAD/CAM software provides the ability to control CNC machinery from 2.5 axis, 3 axis and multi axis CNC machines. Expert CAD/CAM systems were developed around 1988. French Chess Federation The French Chess Federation (French : "Fédération Française des Echecs" – "FFE") is the national organization for chess in France. The president is Diego Salazar, the vice-president is Christophe Leroy and the treasurer is Stéphane Reyreau. The headquarters of the French Chess Federation is Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, near Paris. The French federation was founded in 1933. French Chess Championship The French Chess Championship is the annual national chess tournament of France. It was officially first played in 1923 after the formation of the "Fédération Française des Echecs" in 1921. The first unofficial national tournament was played in 1880, in the Café de la Régence, where further events were held in 1881 and 1883. The 1903 and 1914 tournaments were the first real predecessors of the official championship. They ran under the name "Championnat de France des amateurs" (Championship of the chess enthusiasts). Manuel Turizo Manuel Turizo Zapata, better known as Manuel Turizo and by the acronym MTZ (born 12 April, 2000) is a Colombian singer and songwriter. Born in Montería, Colombia. He is recognized for his hit single "Una Lady Como Tú" that won him great popularity. Career. His musical career comes with the release of an EP composed of 3 songs of different styles. There he focuses on urban music, trap music and reggaeton. In December 2016, he launched "Baila Conmigo", produced by his brother Julián and Zensei, "Vámonos" and "Una Lady Como Tú", a theme that made him famous throughout America and part of Europe. On April 10, 2017 reissued "Una Lady Como Tú" and on August 4 premieres the remix of this track, with Nicky Jam. On October 20, "Déjala Que Vuelva" premieres, a collaboration he made with Piso 21. On November 28, the single "Déjate Llevar", a song by Juan Magán with the collaboration of Belinda, Snova, B-Case and Turizo, will be released. On December 7 he released the single "Esperándote". Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya is an Indian mystery drama series on SET India, starring Tejaswi Prakash Wayangankar and Rohit Suchanti in lead roles and It premiered on 7 November 2017 and airs on SET India. Female Actress Profile https://twchannels.com/karn-sangini-serial-on-star-plus-cast-wiki-story-pics-images-promo-timings/ Joel Kovel Joel Kovel (August 27, 1936 – April 30, 2018) was an American scholar and author. Biography. From 1977 till 1983 he was Director of Residency Training, Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine (where he was also Professor of Psychiatry from 1979–1986). From 1980 to 1985, he was an Adjunct Professor of Anthropology at the New School for Social Research and from 1986–7 a Visiting Professor of Political Science and Communications, University of California, San Diego. Kovel's works include "White Racism" (1971) (nominated for a National Book Award), "A Complete Guide to Therapy" (1979), "The Age of Desire" (1982), "Against the State of Nuclear Terror" (1982), "In Nicaragua" (1986), "The Radical Spirit: Essays on Psychoanalysis and Society" (1988), "History and Spirit" (1991), "Red Hunting in the Promised Land" (1994), "The Enemy of Nature" (2002), and "Overcoming Zionism" (2007). On May 1, 2018, it was announced that Kovel died in New York City on April 30 at the age of 81. No cause of death was given. Point Pelee National Park Point Pelee National Park (), also known as just Point Pelee, is a national park in Essex County. Essex County is in Ontario, Canada. Point Pelee is a peninsula of land and has many marshes and forest habitats. The shape of the park is a triangle with a sharp point in Lake Erie. Middle Island in Lake Erie is also part of the national park. The national park is at the southernmost part of mainland Canada. The area is around by wide in the north part of the park. The park was created in 1918. It was the first national park of Canada that was created to protect the area. All of the other national parks of Canada were created at first for tourism. It became a Ramsar site on 27 May 1987. The park also became a dark-sky preserve in 2006. History. The First Nations of Canada lived on Point Pelee for a long time. This was before the Europeans came to colonize the area. People think people used to live on the biggest archaeological site that was found at Point Pelee between AD 700 and 900. Point Pelee was named by two priests in 1670. They were Fathers Dollier and Galinee. The word "pelée" is the French word for bald. Naturalists and hunters wanted to protect the area. They thought that the biodiversity of virds needed protection from land development in the area. Before the park was created, a group called the Great Lakes Ornithological Society was created. They studied the bird migration in the area. In 1915, they recommended that Point Pelee become a national park. It was the first national park that was created to protect the area. That changed how national parks were created. When the park was created, there were still many cottages in the area and two hotels. There were also many farms and a school. Many cottages were still being built after the national park was created. After the Wall Street Crash of 1929, no more land in the park was sold. The park had a development plan in the 1920s. A highway was supposed to be built in the park. Beginning in the 1960s, a lot of people went to the park. Point Pelee became the national park that the most people went to. Almost 781 000 people went to Point Pelee in 1963. Because many people visited the park, a lot of the nature and wildlife was destroyed. The government of Canada said that Point Pelee should not be a national park anymore because of this. After the 1980s, the government of Canada began protecting the area more. They stopped allowing cars to drive to the tip. Instead, they began a shuttle to the tip. They began buying all the cottages in the park and removing them. They removed more than 350 buildings. They have also removed two roads. In 1989, duck hunting wasn't allowed in the park anymore. In 1991, the government began killing some of the deer in the park to protect the plants. They have killed some of the deer a few more times after that. Point Pelee became a dark-sky preserve in 2006. It was the first national park of Canada to become a dark-sky preserve. In 2006, waves from Lake Erie washed away the tip. After this, in 2007, the tip reappeared. This was because Lake Erie's water level went down. The tip changes each year, growing longer or shorter. In 2017, a fire in Point Pelee burned down some of the marsh land. Around 125 hectares were burned down. Geography. The park is in the St. Lawrence Lowlands. It is Canada's second smallest national park, after the Georgian Bay Islands National Park. This is because it is only . A very large area of the park is marshland and has ponds. This is 70% of the park. The rest of the park is mostly forest. Forests are 21% of the park. The sandspit around the park mostly has till plains. These till plains were created in the last Ice Age. Climate. Point Pelee has a humid continental climate. It has warm and humid summers and cold winters. The temperatures of the park are changed by Lake Erie. Max Berrú Max Berrú (June 5, 1942 – May 1, 2018) was an Ecuadorian-Chilean singer and musician. He was one of the two founders of Inti-Illimani and sang the band's famous song "Viva Chile!". He was born in Cariamanga, Loja Province. President Ricardo Lagos awarded him with the "Orden al Mérito Docente y Cultural Gabriela Mistral" in 2002. He owned a restaurant called "Mitad del Mundo" ("Middle of the World"), in reference to his Ecuadorian origins. Berrú died in Santiago de Chile on May 1, 2018 of multiple myeloma at the age of 74. Wanda Wiłkomirska Wanda Wiłkomirska (11 January 1929 – 1 May 2018) was a Polish violinist and teacher. She was born in Warsaw. She was known for both the classical works and for her interpretation of 20th Century music, having received two Polish State Awards for promoting Polish music and also other awards for her contribution to music. Wiłkomirska gave world premiere performances of numerous contemporary works including Tadeusz Baird and Krzysztof Penderecki. She lived in Brisbane, Australia. Wiłkomirska performed on a violin crafted by Pietro Guarneri in 1734 in Venice. Wiłkomirska died in Brisbane on 1 May 2018 at the age of 89. Morton, Minnesota Morton is a city in Renville County, Minnesota, United States. This city is ninety-five miles southwest of Minneapolis. It is the headquarters of the Lower Sioux Indian Reservation. The population was 411 at the 2010 census. Tuas Link MRT station Tuas Link MRT station (EW33) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station along the East West Line in Tuas, Singapore. It is the western terminus of the East West Line, and the westernmost MRT station in the network. It is the first above-ground station to have platforms on a lower level than the station control room, fare gates and ticketing machines. Tuas Link station is within walking distance to Raffles Marina, Tuas Checkpoint and the Malaysia–Singapore Second Link. However, as Tuas Checkpoint is designated as a vehicular checkpoint, travellers are not allowed to enter the checkpoint on foot via Tuas Link station. History. Tuas Link MRT station, along with the rest of the Tuas West Extension of the East West MRT Line, was first announced on 11 January 2011 by Transport Minister Raymond Lim. The groundbreaking ceremony marking the start of the construction of Tuas West Extension was held at this station on 4 May 2012 by Transport Minister Lui Tuck Yew. When opened, the extension is expected to serve more than 100,000 commuters daily. The opening of the station was delayed from 2016 to the second quarter of 2017 to make way for the installation of the new signalling system. The station and the Tuas West Extension started operations on 18 June 2017. Stations between Gul Circle to Tuas Link were temporary closed between 16 and 19 November 2017 following a collision between two trains at Joo Koon station. On 20 November 2017, train service from Gul Circle to Tuas Link was resumed; however, train services between Joo Koon and Gul Circle will be suspended till mid-2018 to facilitate maintenance work on signalling devices. Alstom Metropolis C830C The Alstom Metropolis C830C, together with the Alstom Metropolis C751C are the third generation of communications-based train control (CBTC) rolling stock to be used in Singapore’s Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) lines. 24 trainsets of 3 cars were manufactured by Shanghai Alstom Transport Co Ltd (a joint venture between Alstom and Shanghai Electric), with deliveries from end June 2014. Tender. The tender for trains under the contract 830C was opened together with another contract C751C for an additional 18 North East Line trains which closed on 18 July 2011 with 5 bids. The Land Transport Authority has shortlisted all of them and the tender results was published on 1 February 2012. Design. The outside of the train is almost the same as the older C830, with slight differences such as a larger SMRT logo and the look of the train inside. The reserved seats are coloured red to make them more obvious. Navy blue and yellow coloured seats are installed in the driving motor cars (end carriages) while the seats in the middle car are khaki. The train's system that allows it to move is louder than the C830's, and is identical the one found on the Amsterdam Metro M5 Series. Other changes include the inner layer of the doors finished in bluish-grey, a new Visual Passenger Information System, similar to the C951, located above the doors and a new gangway design similar to the C751C. Driverless operation. The C830C runs without a driver, using Communications-based train control (CBTC), which does not require "fixed-block track circuits" to find where the train is on the track. Instead, they use "continuous two-way digital communication" between each controlled train and a control center, which may control an area of a railroad line, a complete line, or a group of lines. It has been found that CBTC systems reduce costs for running the system and allow the system to be controlled more easily. Train Formation. The configuration of a C830C in revenue service is Mc1-T-Mc2 The car numbers of the trains range from 841x to 864x, where x depends on the carriage type. Individual cars are assigned a 4 digit serial number. A complete three-car trainset consists of one trailer(T) and two driving motor cars(Mc1 & Mc2) permanently coupled together. For example, set 864 consists of carriages 8641, 8642, 8643. Clementi rail accident The 1993 Clementi rail accident was a rail accident that occurred on the East West line of the Singapore MRT. It was the MRT's first major incident and resulted in 156 passengers being injured. It was caused by a oil spill. Background. The MRT commenced operations in 1987, with the part of the line from Outram Park MRT station to Jurong East MRT station opening on 12 March 1988. At the time of the accident, the system had been operating for six years. Incident. Before the start of service, a maintenance vehicle leaked oil onto the tracks from Buona Vista MRT station to Clementi MRT station until the junction with Ulu Pandan Depot. The first 10 westbound trains reported braking difficulties. The eleventh train, a C151, had to use its emergency brakes to stop at the station. At 7.50 am on 5 August 1993, the 12th train, another C151, collided with the stationary C151 at Clementi while it was recharging its batteries, resulting in 156 injuries. Investigation. the investigation showed that the cause of the accident was a oil spill caused by a defective rubber ring on a maintenance locomotive. Aftermath. Response. In the aftermath of the accident, SMRT said that it would replace the faulty maintenance locomotives and purchase new ones. It also introduced a new policy for station managers to inspect tracks for oil or foreign objects before the start of service. Joo Koon rail accident. The second collision on the MRT, the Joo Koon rail accident, occurred 24 years later on 15 November 2017, when two C151A trains collided at Joo Koon MRT station. Devbhumi Dwarka district Devbhumi Dwarka District is a district of India on the southern coast of the Gulf of Kutch in the state of Gujarat. Its headquarters are located in the city of Jamkhambhaliya. The district was created on August 15, 2013 from Jamnagar district. Matthew Meselson Matthew Stanley Meselson (born May 24, 1930) is a geneticist and molecular biologist at Harvard University. He is known for his demonstration, with Franklin Stahl, of the semi-conservative DNA replication. After completing his Ph.D under Linus Pauling at the California Institute of Technology, Meselson became a Professor at Harvard University in 1960. He is there today as today as Thomas Dudley Cabot Professor of the Natural Sciences. In the famous Meselson–Stahl experiment of 1958 he and Frank Stahl showed with nitrogen isotope labeling that DNA is replicated semi-conservatively. In addition, Meselson, François Jacob, and Sydney Brenner discovered the existence of messenger RNA in 1961. Meselson has investigated DNA repair in cells and how cells recognize and destroy foreign DNA, and, with Werner Arber, was responsible for the discovery of restriction enzymes. Since 1963 he has been interested in chemical warfare and biological defense and arms control. Meselson worked with Henry Kissinger under the Nixon administration to convince President Richard Nixon to renounce biological weapons, suspend chemical weapons production, and support an international treaty banning biological agents for hostile purposes. In 1972 this became the Biological Weapons Convention. Meselson has received many awards. His laboratory at Harvard investigates the biological and evolutionary nature of sexual reproduction, genetic recombination, and aging. Many of his past students are notable biologists, including Nobel Laureate Sidney Altman, Mark Ptashne, Susan Lindquist, Stephen F. Heinemann, and Richard I. Morimoto. Graham Fellows Graham David Fellows (born 22 May 1959 in Sheffield, Yorkshire) is an English comedy actor and musician, best known for creating the comedic character John Shuttleworth and one-hit wonder Jilted John. Siri von Essen Sigrid Sofia Matilda Elisabet von Essen (17 August 1850 in Porvoo - 22 April 1912 in Helsinki) was a Swedish speaking Finnish actress. Life. At home Siri had already in young years a French governess. This is a reason, that Siri can speak French very well. Her parents Carl Reinhold von Essen and Carlotta In de Betou were normally people. Already in 1868 the first move to Paris came. She had no problems with the new city and the speach. When the family five years later must sell the Finnish goods, Siri moved to Stockholm, where she married some years later Carl Gustav Wrangel. The divorced came after four years, because Siri want to work as an actress. Also her husband had a married with Siris cousin. After divorce Siri took drama lessons and already in 1877 she had her first performance. 1875 she met August Strindberg and married him at 30th December 1875. When she got her first children, she was quit by the dramatist. Since 1884 the married between Strindberg and Siri von Essen wasn't very good, because August accused Siri to had a lesbian married with Marie David. 1888 Siri and August started a drama, but it doesn't works good. After divorce in 1893, Siri moved with her children to Finland. She was died at 22 April 1912 in Solna. Austroasiatic languages The Austroasiatic languages are a family of languages. They are spoken in Southeast Asia. There are 157 languages, with about 117 million speakers. The biggest group of speakers speak Khmer language or Vietnamese. These are also official languages in the territories where these are spoken. Hans-Rudolf Merz Hans-Rudolf Merz (born 10 November 1942) is a Swiss politician of FDP.The Liberals. He was a member of the Swiss Federal Council. He was head of the Federal Department of Finance (the Swiss finance minister) from 2004 to 2010 and President of the Swiss Confederation for 2009. On 6 August 2010 Merz announced his resignation for October 2010. He was born in Herisau, Switzerland, he studied at Hochschule St. Gallen and graduated in 1971 with a DEA degree and as Dr. rer. publ. Wolf Children Wolf Children () is an Japanese anime movie directed/co-written by Mamoru Hosoda. Plot. Hana, a college student, has two children with a werewolf. She names the girl Yuki and the boy Ame. Not long after this, their father dies. Hana decides to keep raising the children. As the children grow older, Hana finds it is hard to hide the werewolf powers inherited from their father: ultimately, she moves them to the countryside to avoid trouble from the public. She works hard to repair a house and grow their own food. Ame becomes confident in himself after a near-death experience, and the children are allowed to attend school. Yuki adapts and makes friends, while Ame drops out to receive lessons from an old fox named Sensei about surviving in the wild. At this time, they are beginning to form their life paths. In fourth grade, a transfer student named Souhei begins attending Yuki's class. He realizes she is not normal, and during a chase, Yuki accidentally injures his ear. He tells his mother a wolf attacked him, not Yuki. Over time, they become friends. Ame and Yuki later fight each other over their "real" selves: neither sibling can agree whether or not they are wolf or human. Hana recognizes they are forming their futures, but is worried about it. Ame reveals that Sensei has been gravely wounded during a storm and will likely not survive, but then hints that he will succeed Sensei as the guardian of the wild. Hana is horrified by this, and begs him not to return to the forest. Two years later, despite what Hana told him, Ame disappears into the forest during a severe storm to replace Sensei; Hana goes after him. She forgets to pick up Yuki from school, who is left alone with Souhei while the other students are retrieved. She decides to reveal herself as a wolf to him. He replies that he already knew and will keep her secret. Hana gets hurt by a fall and dreams about her lover, who tells her that Ame will be fine with his chosen path. Ame picks her up and gets her to safety, but then turns into an adult wolf and runs off into the mountains. Hana is initially heartbroken as she believes she has not yet done anything for Ame, but soon recognizes he is now "where he belongs" and bids him farewell. The next school year, Yuki leaves home to move into a dorm room with her friends in Junior High. Ame's howls are heard throughout the forest. Despite living alone in the house, Hana feels that she has raised her children well. Danone Danone is a French multinational food-products corporation based in Paris and founded in Barcelona, Spain. The company is listed on Euronext Paris where it is a component of the CAC 40 stock market index. Danone is present in over 130 markets and generated sales of €21.9 billion in 2016, with more than half in emerging countries. In 2015, fresh dairy products represented 50% of the group's total sales, early life nutrition 22%, water 21% and medical nutrition 7%. RÚV RÚV () is the national public-service broadcasting organization of the Republic of Iceland. It runs two television stations (Rúv 1, which broadcasts all the time, and Rúv 2, which only broadcasts special events from inside and outside Iceland) and three radio stations (Rás 1, Rás 2 and Rondó). It broadcasts only in the Icelandic language. Fromerly Promgam. Animation. "Fetch! With Ruff Ruffman sótt með Ruff Ruffman" 2007-2019 Sweetener (album) Sweetener is the fourth studio album by American singer Ariana Grande. It was released on August 17, 2018. Grande revealed the album's name and a few of its tracks on "The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon" on May 1, 2018. The album's lead single, "No Tears Left to Cry", has reached number one in Australia and the top three in the US, UK, and Canada. Without announcing the album's release date at first, Grande revealed to Fallon that she would "do something special" on the 20th of each month until the album's release, such as performing at the 2018 "Billboard" Music Awards on May 20, 2018. She announced that she would be collaborating with Pharrell Williams, Nas, and longtime collaborators Max Martin, Ilya, and Savan Kotecha. The album entered at the top of the "Billboard" 200 album chart, with 231,000 copies shipped and streamed in its first week in the US. Elmar Altvater Elmar Altvater (24 August 1938 – 1 May 2018) was Professor of Political Science at the Otto-Suhr-Institut of the Free University of Berlin. He retired on 30 September 2004. He worked at the Institute, and to publish articles and books. He was born in Kamen, Province of Westphalia. In 1970, he co-founded the German journal "PROKLA - Journal for Critical Social Science". Chuck Missler Charles William "Chuck" Missler (May 28, 1934 – May 1, 2018) was an American author, evangelical Christian, Bible teacher, engineer, and former businessman. Missler was born in Illinois. He was the founder of the Koinonia House ministry based in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. He helped create a monthly newsletter from the ministry and Bible study tapes, hosted a radio show called "66/40", and spoke at conferences. Missler died at his home in Reporoa, New Zealand on May 1, 2018 at the age of 83. Universo 2000 Andrés Reyes González (April 18, 1963 – May 1, 2018) was a Mexican professional wrestler, or luchador, who is best known under the ring name Universo 2000. Reyes made his professional wrestling debut in 1985. He worked for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) and, International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG). In 2016 Andrés Reyes suffered a minor heart attack, and suffered a second more severe heart attack on June 5, 2017 which forced him to be hospitalized. Almost a year later, on May 1, 2018, Reyes died of heart attack-related complications at the age of 55. Gord Brown Gordon Brown, , (August 31, 1960 – May 2, 2018) was a Canadian politician. He was born in Toronto, Ontario. He was a member of the House of Commons of Canada, representing the Ontario riding of Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes as a Conservative member from 2004 until his death in 2018. Brown was appointed by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau on the advice of Conservative Party of Canada Leader Andrew Scheer to sit on the National Security and Intelligence Committee of Parliamentarians on November 6, 2017. Brown died of a heart attack at his Parliament Hill office in Ottawa, Ontario at the age of 57. Vadim Mulerman Vadim Iosifovich Mulerman (; 18 August 1938 – 2 May 2018) was a Soviet singer (baritone). He was awarded the title of Meritorious Artist of the RSFSR (1978), People's Artist of the RSFSR and Merited Artist of Ukraine. Mulerman died on 2 May 2018 in New York City of cancer at the age of 79. Wang Danfeng Wang Danfeng (; 23 August 1924 – 2 May 2018) was a Chinese actress. She was active from the 1940s to the 1960s. Wang was born in Shanghai. She named as one of the four greatest actresses in Hong Kong, officially recognized as a "movie star of New China" in 1962, and received two Lifetime Achievement Awards. She starred in more than 60 movies. She retired in 1980. Wang was invited to attend President Ronald Reagan's second inauguration in 1985. In 2013, the China Film Performance Art Academy awarded Wang the Golden Phoenix Lifetime Achievement Award. In the morning of 2 May 2018, Wang died at a hospital in Shanghai, aged 93. Kent Osborne Kent Osborne (born August 30, 1969) is an American screenwriter, actor, and television and movie producer. He served as a storyboard writer for "SpongeBob SquarePants", "Camp Lazlo", "Phineas and Ferb", "The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack", "Adventure Time" and "Regular Show". He has received multiple Emmy Award nominations and has won twice for "Adventure Time" (in 2015 and 2017). He is currently the head writer for Cartoon Network's upcoming series "Summer Camp Island", set to premiere in 2018. He has also starred in several movies, including "Hannah Takes the Stairs", "Nights and Weekends", "All the Light in the Sky" and "Uncle Kent" (in the title role). Burgettstown, Pennsylvania Burgettstown is a borough in Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is a suburb of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The population was 1,576 according to the 2000 census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of , all of it land. James W. Carroll James W. Carroll Jr. is an American lawyer. He was the director of the U.S. Office of National Drug Control Policy from January 3, 2019 to January 20, 2021. He was appointed by President Donald Trump and then nominated to be the permanent director on April 24, 2018. Carroll served as the White House Deputy Chief of Staff. He was an attorney in the Office of the White House Counsel for Presidents Donald Trump and George W. Bush. Lee P. Brown Lee Patrick Brown (born October 4, 1937) is an American criminologist, public administrator, politician and businessman. In 1997 he was the first African-American to be elected mayor of Houston, Texas. He was reelected twice to serve the maximum of three terms from 1998 to 2004. From 1993 to 1996, Brown served as Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy during the Bill Clinton administration. Barry McCaffrey Barry Richard McCaffrey (born November 17, 1942) is a former United States Army officer and current news commentator, professor and business consultant. He served on U.S. President Bill Clinton's Cabinet as the Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy from 1996 to 2001. He received three Purple Heart medals during his service in the Vietnam War, two Silver Stars, and two Distinguished Service Crosses — the second-highest U.S. Army award for valor. John P. Walters John P. Walters (born February 8, 1952) is an American politician. He is a former Director of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). He held that position from December 7, 2001 to January 20, 2009. During the Reagan Administration, he served as Assistant to the Secretary at the U.S. Department of Education. He was also the Secretary's representative to the National Drug Policy Board and the Domestic Policy Council's Health Policy Working Group. In January 2009, Walters became the Executive Vice President of the Hudson Institute. Gil Kerlikowske Richard Gil Kerlikowske (born November 23, 1949) is a former Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection. He assumed office on March 6, 2014 and retired January 20, 2017. He also served as the Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy between 2009 and 2014. Kerlikowske was not in favor of the legalization of cannabis. In a December 9, 2010 interview with "The Nation" magazine, Kerlikowske called Nancy Reagan's "Just Say No" campaign one of the "major successes" of the War on Drugs. Michael Botticelli Michael P. Botticelli (born January 2, 1958) is an American public official. He served as the 7th Director of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) from March 2014 until the end of President Barack Obama's term in January 2017. He was named acting director after the resignation of Gil Kerlikowske, and received confirmation from the United States Senate in February 2015. Career. As director of ONDCP, Botticelli has advocated to expand the usage of naloxone, improved education for providers around prescription painkillers and providing clean syringes for injection drug users to limit the spread of HIV and Hepatitis C. Botticelli criticized America's dealing with drug issues stating that "We can't arrest and incarcerate addiction out of people", talking about the War on Drugs. He believes the focus should be on treatment rather than putting people in jail. He does support the legalization of cannabis and taxing it. Following the end of the Obama administration, the Grayken Center for Addiction Medicine at the Boston Medical Center named Botticelli its executive director. Personal life. Botticelli and his partner have dated since 1995 and were married in 2009. Jefferson County, West Virginia Jefferson County is the easternmost county of West Virginia. As of the 2010 census the population was 53,498. Its county seat and largest city is Charles Town. Climate. Jefferson County is located in a Humid subtropical climate. It has varying temperatures with an average high of 86 degrees in July, and a low of 22 degrees in January. Jefferson County receives rainfall all year, with summers being wetter that winter. It receives 20 inches of snow a year on average. Jefferson County also receives 39 inches of rain per year. Tormentor (Slayer song) With classic tunes of thrash metal and riffs derived from the punk trend, "Tormentor" is a 1983 single recognized as one of the most emblematics songs of the American band Slayer from their album "Show No Mercy". Several songs and bands have the name "Tormentor" in their names or titles. However, Slayer's "Tormentor" is one of the best known in which the epithet is used. The band Kreator also has a song called "Tormentor", created two years after Slayer's song. The song was produced by Brian Slagel and is, along with "Metal Storm/Face the Slayer", the most harmonious, both being criticized for resembling the "Modus Toccata" of Mercyful Fate or Iron Maiden, especially considering that the latter is one of the bands that were immersed in what would be known as NWOBHM. As with other songs of the band, "Tormentor" has a dark and lugubrious tone reminiscent of the album "Killers", by Iron Maiden, where a story is told, sometimes in the first person, with a supernatural theme, Noir story, or simply Satanism. Song. The narrative is from the point of view of a murderer in search of anyone walking in the solitude of the night in order to turn him into his next victim. Only that the killer does not want to kill his prey too soon as he starts playing with him/her in a kind of gloomy game of cat and mouse. The murderer rejoices to see how fear seizes the victim who believes seeing in every shadow of the night the potential murderer, to finally realize that he has lost the perspective of reality and that his mind is playing tricks on him/her. However, this is what the murderer wants, as it will torment him (hence the name of "Tormentor", "he who torments") until, in the end, he strikes. The Daily Star (Bangladesh) The Daily Star is a daily English-language newspaper in Bangladesh. It has more readers in the country than any other English language newspaper. Syed Mohammed Ali started the paper on 14 January 1991. Its motto is "Committed to People's Right to Know." The newspaper is led by Mahfuz Anam. He is a member of Mukti Bahini, He was also a United Nations official. Its main offices are in Dhaka and Chittagong. "The Daily Star" is owned by Mediaworld. Latifur Rahman's Transcom Group owns much of it. The Transcom Group also owns "Prothom Alo". This is one of the most widely read Bengali newspapers in the world. Other publications. There is an online version of "The Daily Star". Star Showbiz is a weekly entertainment tabloid about local and international movies, music and TV. Forum was a monthly magazine, edited by Shah Husain Imam. Controversy. In 2016, editor Mahfuz Anam said that "The Daily Star" printed stories given to the newspaper by military intelligence group DGFI in 2007 and 2008. The stories Sheikh Hasina was corrupt. Hasina later became Prime Minister. Some members of parliament asked for a trial of Mahfuz Anam and "The Daily Star" publisher Latifur Rahman. Star Showbiz Star Showbiz is a weekly tabloid in Bangladesh. The Daily Star newspaper publishes it. It is about local and international media. This magazine is published every Saturday. Its slogan is "Your Weekly Dose of Entertainment." Dhaka Courier The Dhaka Courier an English-language news magazine in Bangladesh. It started in 1984, so it is the longest running English language news magazine in the country. It is about politics, international affairs, economics, travel, literature, society and the arts. The Cosmos Group owns the magazine. Amanullah Khan owns the Cosmos Group. The Dhaka Courier is connected to a large news agency in Bangladesh, United News of Bangladesh. The editor of the magazine is Shayan S Khan. Syed Badrul Ahsan, Afsan Chowdhury and M Harunur Rashid have been editors before. Forum (Bangladesh) Forum was an English-language monthly news and current affairs magazine in Bangladesh. It started in 1969 when Bangladesh was East Pakistan. Hameeda Hossain and Rehman Sobhan started the magazine. Hossain is a human rights activist. Sobhan is an economist. The magazine was against the West Pakistani establishment. It was for democracy and economic reforms in the Pakistani union. The Pakistan Army shut down the magazine on 26 March 1971, during the early hours of Operation Searchlight. In 2006, "The Daily Star", began re-publishing the magazine every month. Shah Hussain Imam was the executive editor of the magazine. The editorial board was the original "Forum" founders Hameeda Hossain and Rehman Sobhan and Mahfuz Anam, editor and publisher of "The Daily Star", Matiur Rahman, editor and publisher of Prothom Alo, and Anisuzzaman, a professor of Bengali at the University of Dhaka. In April 2013, "Forum" published its last issue. Writers from across South Asia, such as Amartya Sen, Tariq Ali, Kuldip Nayar and Ahmed Rashid wrote for the magazine. ATN News ATN News is a 24-hour news television channel in Bangladesh. It is partner with ATN Bangla, another Bangladesh satellite TV channel. History. ATN News started June 7, 2010. Mishuk Munier joined ATN News as CEO and chief editor in November 2010. He worked with the TV station until he died on August 13, 2011. Bangladeshi journalist Abed Khan became the next CEO and chief editor in 2011. He quit April 20, 2013. Dr. Mahfuzur Rahman is the chairman of ATN News. Sharker Firoz is CEO and advisor. Munni Saha is ATN's head of news. República (Nepalese newspaper) The República is a national daily newspaper in Nepal. Nepal Republic Media Pvt. Ltd. in Kathmandu is the publisher. It started with an online edition on January 1, 2009 and the print edition on April 24, 2009. The "República" is a partner with the "Nagarik," a similar daily paper written in Nepali. Overview. Ameet Dhakal was the first editor in chief of the newspape. He quit in April 2012. Kosmos Biswakarma was the next editor. Subhash Ghimire became editor in chief in October 2014. He was 28 years old. The Gyawali family owns the newspaper. They also helped start Nepal's Kantipur Publications. Singapore Pro Wrestling The Singapore Pro Wrestling is professional wrestling promotion based in Singapore. It also have a wrestling school for those who are keen to learn professional wrestling and become a professional wrestling in the future. It is currently one of the top wrestling promotion in Southeast Asia and have competed in an inter-promotion contests against other top Asia's promotion such as the Dragon Gate. Reference. https://www.cagematch.net/?id=8&nr=1139 <br> https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapores-pro-wrestling-shows-pull-in-crowds <br> https://www.spw.com.sg/ Ice planet An ice planet is a theoretical type of exoplanet where everything is frozen. None has been found so far, but astronomers think they do exist. They might have an icy surface of substances which are volatile on Earth, such as water, ammonia, and methane. Ice planets consist of a global cryosphere. They are bigger versions of the small icy worlds of the Solar System, like the moons Europa, Enceladus, and Triton, the dwarf planets Pluto and Eris. Some ice worlds might have subsurface oceans, warmed by internal heat or tidal forces from another nearby body. Liquid subsurface water might provide habitable conditions for life. Microorganisms can produce nutrients using specific chemicals (chemosynthesis) that may provide food and energy for other organisms. Some planets, if conditions are right, may have strong atmospheres and surface liquids like Saturn's moon Titan, which could be habitable for exotic forms of life. Rice flour Rice flour is made from either white rice or brown rice. To make the flour, the husk of rice or paddy is removed. The raw rice is then ground to flour. Rice flour is a particularly good substitute for wheat flour, which some people believe irritates their digestive system. Rice flour is also used as a thickening agent in recipes that are refrigerated or frozen. Many dishes are made from rice flour, including rice noodles and desserts like Japanese mochi and Filipino cascaron. Vietnamese banh canh uses rice flour and it is also used in making General Tso's chicken. In Chinese, it is called "mifen" (Chinese: 米粉; pinyin: mǐ fěn) Also it can be used in cooking, steamed, fried (fried rice noodlesChinese: 炒米粉; pinyin: chǎo mǐ fěn). Also it is used in other cuisine, such as galapong in Ilokano/Filipino, and pirinç unu in Turkish cuisine. It can also be used to make rice bread. Brown rice flour can be combined with vermiculite for the cultivation of mushrooms. Hard cakes of colonised substrate can then be fruited in a humid container. This method is often (though not always) employed by growers of edible mushrooms. It is a very simple and low-cost method of growing mushrooms. Ice giant An ice giant is a huge planet made mostly of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, such as oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. There are two known ice giants in the Solar System, Uranus and Neptune. In astrophysics and planetary science the term "ice" refers to volatile chemical compounds with freezing points above about , such as water, ammonia, or methane, with freezing points of , respectively. In the 1990s, it was realized that Uranus and Neptune are a distinct class of giant planet, different from the other giant planets, Jupiter and Saturn. They have become known as "ice giants". They were solids when the planets were stuck together during their formation. Today, little of the water in Uranus and Neptune is in the form of ice. Instead, the water is a supercritical fluid at the temperatures and pressures inside them. Ice giants consist of only about 20% hydrogen and helium in mass, as opposed to the Solar System's gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn, which are both more than 90% hydrogen and helium in mass. The Yachts Yachts were a British new wave band, best remembered for their 1978 single, "Yachting Type", and minor new wave classic, "Matanovi's Hits". Chicago "L" The Chicago "L" (short for "elevated railway") is the Chicago rapid transit system. It serves the city of Chicago and some of its surrounding suburbs in the U.S. state of Illinois. The "L" is operated by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA). It is the fourth-largest rapid transit system in the United States. It is long, and the second-busiest rail mass transit system in the United States, after the New York City Subway. Chicago's "L" has 24-hour service on some portions of its network. It is one of only five rapid transit systems in the United States to do so. The oldest sections of the Chicago "L" started operations in 1892, making it the second-oldest rapid transit system in the Americas, after New York City's elevated lines. Chaz Jankel Charles Jeremy Jankel (born 16 April 1952), better known as Chaz Jankel, is an English musician with a career spanning more than 40 years. He came to prominence in the late 1970s as the guitarist and keyboardist of the rock band Ian Dury and the Blockheads. With Dury, Jankel co-wrote some of the band's best-known songs including "Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll", "Hit Me with Your Rhythm Stick" and "Reasons to be Cheerful, Part 3". In addition to his work with the Blockheads, Jankel has had a solo career which has resulted in nine studio albums. He has a long list of credits as both a performer and as songwriter. English Chess Federation The English Chess Federation (ECF) is the governing chess organisation in England and is affiliated to FIDE. The ECF was formed in 2004, and took charge in 2005. It replaced the British Chess Federation (BCF), the governing body of chess in England from 1904 until 2005. It was suggested that the BCF should change its name because only England came under its jurisdiction. It did not administer chess in the other countries of the UK. The BCF did have a British dimension, since it ran the British Chess Championship. This is one of two important tournaments held each year in Britain (the other is the annual international tournament at Hastings). From the 1990s there was a campaign for the BCF to become a company limited by guarantee, to bid for more sponsorship money. At the start of the 2005/6 season the English Chess Federation was created, inheriting the BCF's assets and personnel. The former BCF still exists for legacy purposes, but its website was inherited by the ECF. The Scottish and Welsh Federations hold their own championships every year as they did before. Therefore the change does not make much difference to most players. The situation in Ireland is more complicated. The Irish Chess Union since 1912 was the governing body for both the Republic and Northern Ireland. In 2005 the Ulster Chess Union broke away from the Irish Chess Union. These two groups were part of the original British Chess Federation, but are not in any way connected to the new English Chess Federation. All groups except the Ulster Chess Union are members of the International Chess Federation FIDE, and the European Chess Union. Ancient Beringian The Ancient Beringians are the earliest known population of North America. They migrated from Beringia into Alaska  sometime before 11,500 years ago. They separated from other Paleo-Indians about 20,000 years ago. The discovery of an "Ancient Beringian" genome from the remains of two infants dated to 11,500 years ago was announced in January 2018. The Ancient Beringians remained in the Arctic until they either became extinct or amalgamated with the Dene about five to six thousand years ago. The Ancient Beringian were hunter-gatherers.  They ate wild plants and wild animals. Some of the animals they ate were salmon, ptarmigan, and ground squirrels. Windows 3.1x Windows 3.1 (codenamed Janus) is a series of 16-bit operating environments produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers. The series began with Windows 3.1, which was first sold during April 1992 as a successor to Windows 3.0. Subsequent versions were released between 1992 and 1994 until the series was superseded by Windows 95. During its lifespan, Windows 3.1 introduced several enhancements to the still MS-DOS-based platform, including improved system stability, expanded support for multimedia, TrueType fonts, and workgroup networking. Windows 3.1 was originally released on April 6, 1992; official support for Windows 3.1 ended on December 31, 2001, and OEM licensing for Windows for Workgroups 3.11 on embedded systems continued to be available until November 1, 2008. Updates. Windows for Workgroups. In November 1992, Microsoft released two versions of Windows for Workgroups: 3.1 and 3.11. Windows 3.2. In 1993, Microsoft released Windows 3.2, although only released in China. Windows NT. On September 27, 1993, Microsoft released Windows NT 3.1. It was the first Windows NT version. It has better programming and more features. Windows NT is not a true update to Windows 3.1 as it does not share any kernel code with Windows 3.1. Instead it is based on the new 32-bit Windows NT kernel. References. Oleg Anofriyev Oleg Andreyevich Anofriyev (sometimes spelled Oleg Anofriev, ; 20 July 1930 – 28 March 2018), People's Artist of Russia (PAR), was a Soviet and Russian actor, singer, songwriter, movie director and poet. He was born in Gelendzhik. He graduated from Moscow Art Theatre in 1954. He was known for his voice role in the 1969 animated movie "The Bremen Town Musicians". Anofriyev died on 28 March 2018 in Moscow at the age of 87. Tony Cucchiara Tony Cucchiara, stage name of Salvatore Cucchiara (30 October 1937 – 3 May 2018) was an Italian folk singer-songwriter, playwright and composer. In 1970 Cucchiara debuted as a playwright with a musical titled "Cassandra 2000". His first hit was the song " Annalisa", named after Cucchiara's first daughter. This song was used as closing theme of the RAI variety show "Alta pressione". Cucchiara died in Rome on 3 May 2018 at the age of 80. Khorramshahr Khorramshahr is a port city in the south of Iran. It is on the northern tip of the Persian Gulf, on the Karun river. Bill Torrey William Arthur Torrey (June 23, 1934 – May 2, 2018) was a Canadian hockey executive. He served as a general manager in the National Hockey League for the Oakland Seals, New York Islanders, and Florida Panthers. He owned the Islands when they won four Stanley Cups. He was often known as "The Architect," and "Bow-Tie" Bill, after the signature bow tie he always wore. Torrey was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1995. Torrey died at his home in West Palm Beach, Florida, on the evening of May 2, 2018, aged 83. Afonso Dhlakama Afonso Marceta Macacho Dhlakama (1 January 1953 – 3 May 2018) was a Mozambican politician. He was the leader of RENAMO, an anti-communist guerrilla movement from 1979 to 2018. He fought the FRELIMO government in the Mozambican Civil War before signing a peace agreement. Dhlakama became the opposition leader in the early 1990s. Dhlakama was born in Muxúngue, Sofala Province. Dhlakama died on 3 May 2018 in Muxúngue of a heart attack at the age of 65. Khuzestan province Khuzestan province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the southwest of the country and borders on Iraq and the Persian Gulf. The capital city is Ahvaz. It was the location of the ancient city of Susa in the Persian Empire. The province is majority Arab with a significant Persian minority. Transport in Singapore Transport within Singapore is mainly land-based. Many parts of Singapore, including certain islands such as Sentosa and Jurong Island are accessible by road. The other major form of transportation within Singapore is rail: the Mass Rapid Transit which runs the length and width of Singapore, and the Light Rail Transit which runs within a few neighbourhoods. The main island of Singapore is connected to the other islands by ferryboat services. Singapore also has a great deal of links to the rest of the world. There are two bridges which link Singapore to Malaysia – the Causeway, and the Second Link. The Singapore Changi Airport is a major aviation hub in Asia, and Singapore is a major transshipment port. Public transport. Singapore has one of the best public transport networks in the world, according to a study by London consulting firm Credo. Public transport includes bus, train, and taxi. Regulations. The public transport system is regulated by the Land Transport Authority, which oversees the three main modes of public transportation. Fare regulation and bus service standards are under the purview of an independent body, the Public Transport Council, while TransitLink, established by SBS Transit, SMRT Trains and SMRT Buses, helps to create an integrated multi-modal system with a common fare-payment mode, information platform, and a physical network without duplication of services. The policies of the Land Transport Authority are meant to encourage the use of public transport in Singapore. The key aims are to provide an incentive to reside away from the Central district, as well as to reduce air pollution. Singapore has a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) and Light Rail Transit (LRT) rail system consisting of five lines. There is also a system of bus routes throughout the island, most of which have air conditioning units installed due to Singapore's tropical climate. Besides cash, a contactless smart card called the EZ-Link card can be used to pay bus and MRT fares. Statistics. The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Singapore, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 84 min. 25% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 12 min, while 11% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 7.3 km, while 16% travel for over 12 km in a single direction. Public transport for tourists. Launched in December 2007 by Land Transport Authority, Singapore Tourism Board and EZ-Link, the Singapore Tourist Pass offers unlimited travel for tourists to Singapore on Singapore's public transport system. For S$10 a day (S$20 for 3 days, as of April 2017) and with S$10 deposit, tourists can take any number of rides on buses and trains operated by SBS Transit, SMRT Buses and SMRT Trains. Certain buses like Night Rider, train service like Sentosa Express are not applicable. The Singapore Tourist Pass is available at selected MRT stations. Rail transport. Mass Rapid Transit (MRT). Singapore's public transport system has been mostly buses, until the opening of the first section of the Mass Rapid Transit in 1987. Although buses still enjoy an average daily ridership exceeding the number carried on both the MRT and LRT systems (3.9 million on buses, compared to 3.1 million on the MRT and LRT in the year 2016), the Land Transport Authority plans to expand the rail system such that buses will eventually play only a feeder role to an extensive rail network. The current MRT network consists of five main lines, for a total network length of and with 119 stations. The North South Line, East West Line and Circle Line are operated by SMRT Trains (SMRT Corporation), while the North East Line and Downtown Line since 22 December 2013, are run by SBS Transit. The Circle Line Extension from Promenade to Marina Bay began operation since 14 January 2012. Light Rail Transit (LRT). Light rail transit functioning as feeders to the main MRT network has been under study for some time, particularly since the existing urban configuration of self-containing new towns spread out in the suburbs meant it was feasible to consider having light rail systems connecting each town to the MRT station in the town centre, a role which has traditionally been provided by feeder buses. Thus, the first SMRT Light Rail (SMRT Corporation) operated LRT was opened in Bukit Panjang in 1999 to provide a connection to Choa Chu Kang in neighbouring Choa Chu Kang New Town. Although subsequently hit by over 50 incidents, some of which resulted in several days of system suspension, similar systems albeit from a different company were introduced in Sengkang and Punggol in 2003 and 2005 respectively, both operated by SBS Transit. Other Lines. Singapore has had other various forms of light urban rail systems, such as the monorail system on Sentosa island, which opened in February 1982. This 6.4 km, 6-station system was closed in March 2005 and a new Sentosa Express system was built by December 2006. The Changi Skytrain, a people mover system shuttling passengers between the three terminals at the Singapore Changi Airport, was opened originally in 1990 along with Terminal 2 and upgraded in 2006 with the completion of Terminal 3. The Jurong BirdPark previously featured an air-conditioned panorail which closed in 2012. Road transport. Taxis and transportation network companies. Taxicabs are a popular form of public transport in the compact sovereign city-state of Singapore, with fares considered relatively low compared to those in most cities in developed countries. As of December 2014, the total taxi fleet in Singapore was 28,736 taxis, operated by 6 taxi companies and 178 independent drivers. Taxis may be flagged down at any time of the day along any public road outside of the Central Business District (CBD). However, increased usage of Uber and Grab has resulted in a decrease in the usage of taxis. Air transport. There are six local scheduled service airlines, all of them operating from Singapore Changi Airport, offering scheduled flights to over 70 cities on six continents. The national flag carrier, Singapore Airlines, operates from Changi Airport Terminal 2 and 3. Its subsidiaries, SilkAir and Scoot, operate from Changi Airport Terminal 2. Singapore's two budget airlines, Jetstar Asia Airways and Valuair, operate from Changi Airport Terminal 1. Only one budget airline, Tiger Airways, chose to operate at the Budget Terminal; other budget airlines have cited various reasons for not shifting operations to the Budget Terminal, including accessibility and ease of transfers to connecting flights. There are 6 airlines operate from Singapore. these are  Aerial lift transport. Cable car. The Singapore Cable Car, plies between Mount Faber on the main island of Singapore and the resort island of Sentosa as an alternative means of accessing that tourist attraction. The cable car system underwent a revamp that was completed in August 2010. Maritime transport. Water transport within the main island is limited to the River Taxi along the Singapore River. The service was introduced in January 2013, with low ridership. There are also daily scheduled ferry services from the Marina South Pier to the Southern Islands such as Kusu Island and Saint John's Island. Singapore Cruise Centre (SCC) runs Tanah Merah and HarbourFront Ferry Terminals which are connected by ferry services to Indonesian Riau Islands of Batam, Bintan and Karimun. Commercial ferry services are available for booking with SCC's subsidiary SCC Travel Services which operates wowgetaways.com portal Infrastructure. Airports. Singapore aims to be Asia's aviation hub chiefly via the promotion of liberal aviation policies in a bid to encourage airlines to commence and maintain operations there. The aviation industry is regulated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore, a statutory board of the Singapore government under the Ministry of Transport. An open skies agreement was concluded with the United Kingdom in October 2007 permitting unrestricted services from Singapore by UK carriers. Singapore carriers were allowed to operate domestic UK services as well as services beyond London Heathrow to a number of destinations, including the United States along with Canada. Singapore Changi Airport, with its four terminals, is one of the most important air hubs in the region. The international airport is situated at the easternmost tip of the main island, and serves 185 cities in 58 countries. With the recent opening of the third terminal, Changi is now capable of handling 64 million passengers every year. Seletar Airport is Singapore's first civil aviation airport and is primarily used for private aviation today. The airport also serves limited scheduled commercial flights by Berjaya Air to the Malaysian islands of Tioman Island and Redang Island. Ports and harbours. There are boats and ferry services to nearby islands of Malaysia and Indonesia. These services can be found at Changi Ferry Terminal, Changi Point Ferry Terminal, Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal, Singapore Cruise Centre and Marina Bay Cruise Centre Singapore. The Port of Singapore, run by the port operators PSA International (formerly the Port of Singapore Authority) and Jurong Port, is the world's busiest in terms of shipping tonnage handled 1.04 billion gross tons were handled in the year 2004, crossing the one billion mark for the first time in Singapore's maritime history. Singapore also emerged as the top port in terms of cargo tonnage handled with 393 million tonnes of cargo in the same year, beating the Port of Rotterdam for the first time in the process. In 2006, it handled a total of 448 million tonnes of cargo. Singapore is ranked second globally in terms of containerised traffic, with 21.3 million Twenty-Foot Equivalent Units (TEUs) handled in 2004, and is also the world's busiest hub for transshipment traffic. Additionally, Singapore is the world's largest bunkering hub, with 23.6 million tonnes sold in 2004. In 2007, the Port of Singapore was ranked the world's busiest port, surpassing Hong Kong and Shanghai. The Port of Singapore is also ranked the Best Seaport in Asia. Railways. Malaysian Railway. The international railway line to Malaysia is an extension of the Malaysian rail network operated by Keretapi Tanah Melayu (Malayan Railways). Since 1 July 2011, Woodlands Train Checkpoint serves as the southern terminus of the KTM rail network. Previously, KTM trains terminated at Tanjong Pagar railway station in central Singapore. Two more rail links are being planned: the Kuala Lumpur-Singapore High Speed Rail terminating in Jurong East, and the Johor Bahru-Singapore Rapid Transit System between Woodlands North and Bukit Chagar, Johor Bahru. MRT lines. MRT trains run through tunnels and viaducts along the following lines: LRT lines. LRT trains run on viaducts along the following lines: Causeway and link bridge. Singapore has two land links to Malaysia. The Johor-Singapore Causeway, built in the 1920s to connect Johor Bahru in Johor, Malaysia to Woodlands in Singapore, carries a road and a railway line. The Tuas Second Link, a bridge further west, was completed in 1996 and links Tuas in Singapore to Tanjung Kupang in Johor. Roads and expressways. Singapore pioneered the modern use of toll roads to enter the most congested city centre area with the Singapore Area Licensing Scheme, which has since been replaced with the Electronic Road Pricing, a form of electronic toll collection. Traffic drives on the left which is typical in Commonwealth countries. The influence of expressways on Singapore's transport policy developed shortly after independence during the history of Singapore because of frequent traffic congestion in the Central district. The aim was to encourage residential development in other parts of the island and give residents in these new "satellite towns" a convenient link between their homes and their workplaces (which were mostly situated around the city centre.) Isabela Garcia Isabela Garcia Costa (born June 11, 1967 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian actress. Because of her incredible resemblance to Shirley Temple in her childhood years, Garcia was evidently destined to be an actress. At just four years she made her debut in a telenovela. In 1976 it appeared for the first time on the big screen. 1980 was the year of the debut of Isabela, in the telenovela "Água Viva", where she played Maria Helena, the tender orphan girl of a mother who enters the lives of all the characters of the story. Garcia was the daughter of a radio actor. In 1986 she was in the cast of "Anos Dourados" and "Roda de Fogo". In "Bebê a Bordo", Isabela played the lead, Ana. The novel was a great success and the actress was the highlight of the year 1988. In the following novels, "O Sexo dos Anjos" (1989) and "Lua Cheia de Amor" (1990), Isabela played leading paerts. In 1993, she played the villain Lúcia Guerra in "Sonho Meu". In the miniseries "Labirinto", 1998, her character was the fun Yoyô socialite. In 2003, Isabela returned to be in evidence with the character Eliete, of "Celebridade". In 2007, Isabela won the Friends of Best Supporting Actress Award for her performance in the novel "Paraíso Tropical". In 2012 he acted in "Lado a Lado". Isabela is the daughter of Dirce Prieto and of the radioactor Gilberto Garcia, who died in 1996. She has three brothers Gilberto, Ricardo and Rosana Garcia, actress, performer of the famous Narizinho of "Sítio do Picapau Amarelo". She has four children. Signs of Life (1968 movie) Signs of Life () is a 1968 movie. Werner Herzog wrote, directed, and produced it. It was his first feature movie. The story of the movie is based on the short story "Der Tolle Invalide auf dem Fort Ratonneau" by Achim von Arnim. The movie won a German Film Award. Plastic pollution Plastic pollution is when there is a lot of plastic in the environment and it negatively affects animals, animal habitats or people. Many things are made of plastic because it is inexpensive and durable. Most plastics will not biodegrade, so they stay in the environment for a long time. That results in a lot of plastic pollution in the environment. They are the Shanghai Sharks, References. L Hans Scholl Hans Fritz Scholl (22 September 1918 Crailsheim Germany 22 February 1943 Munich) was the leader of the White Rose Resistance group. Along with Alexander Schmorell, Christoph Probst, Willi Graf, Sophie Scholl, and Kurt Huber, Hans wrote and distributed six different leaflets criticizing Hitler and Hitler Germany. On February 18, 1943, Hans was captured by the Gestapo. After four days of interrogation, he was executed by guillotine on February 22, 1943. Early Life. Hans Scholl was the son of the mayor Robert Scholl (1891-1973) and his wife Magdalene Scholl (1881-1958). His siblings were Inge Scholl, Elizabeth Scholl, Sophie Scholl, and Werner Scholl. The family moved Forchtenberg in 1929. When Hitler came into power, Hans and his siblings joined the Hitler Youth against the wishes of his parents, who were devout Christians and did not approve of the course Hitler was taking with the formerly illustrious country. Seeds of Resistance and the 1937-1938 Trial. the turning point came for Hans when he was the flag bearer for a Hitler youth rally. This was a great honor, but when Hans came back from the rally, instead of being elated and happy, he came home depressed. He later explained that he had seen that freedom of expression wasn’t allowed or accepted in Hitler’s Germany. Instead, public conformity was the law. Whether or not this caused him to begin to innerly revolt against Hitler, he was even more inspired to revolt in 1937 when he was captured for being part of an illicit anti nazi christian group known as d.j.1.11. He was held in prison for six weeks. At his trial, he was accused of being part of the Christian Youth Group and also of having a homosexual relationship. he was set free for both offenses, but this persecution left a lasting impact on him. After graduation from the high school he did work service in Göppingen. In November he began to military service in Bad Cannstatt. In 1938 after ending military training Hans began studying medicine placement. In May 1940 he was a paramedic in France. Involvement in the White Rose. In 1942, Hans, along with his good friend Alexander Schmorell, started an Anti-Nazi resistance group. Calling themselves The White Rose (and later, The Resistance Movement in Germany), the two young men wrote leaflets denouncing the state of Nazi Germany and calling for passive resistance. They then mailed the leaflets to officials and intellectuals around Munich. The first four leaflets were written from June 1942-July 1942. In July 1942, Hans and Alexander (as well as their good friend Willi Graf) received notice that they were being deployed to Russia for a three month stint as medics. They left Munich on July 23, 1942. During there three months there, the young men saw horrifying things, including the Warsaw Ghetto. What they saw inspired them to step up their leaflet game. When they returned to Munich, Hans and Alexander, as well as Willi Graf, Christoph Probst, and Sophie Scholl, began to step up their efforts. They were soon joined by Sophie’s philosophy teacher Kurt Huber. Together, these six individuals made up the core of the White Rose Resistance. In January 1943, the fifth leaflet was released. While the other pamphlets had only about a hundred distributed, about 10,000 copies were made of the fifth leaflet, which was distributed all around Germany by the members, who braved trains swarming with Gestapo to post their letters from different places in Germany. On February 3, inspired by a student protest against Hitler, Hans, Willi and Alexander went out in the middle of the night to graffiti Munich with slogans such as “Down with Hitler,” “Hitler the mass murderer”, and “Freedom!” They repeated these graffiti campaigns on February 8 and February 15. On February 9, Kurt Huber gave Hans his draft for the sixth pamphlet. Hans agreed with most of the pamphlet, but decided to remove a section against Huber’s wishes. This infuriated Huber, who left the encounter angry and upset. He never saw Hans again. Capture by the Gestapo and Death. On the morning of February 18, Hans and Sophie snuck into the University while classes were going. Spreading leaflets in the halls, they began to leave the university when Sophie realized she still had more leaflets in her briefcase. Hurrying up to the top floor of the University, they began to distribute the remaining leaflets. They were still up there when the bell signaling the end of classes rang. Panicked, Sophie grabbed the last stack of flyers and threw them over the balcony and into the "Lichtlof", or indoor atrium. This action was noticed by Jakob Schmid, who was a custodian working in the atrium as the papers fell. Schmid, who was also a Nazi Party Member, locked the exit doors and alerted the Gestapo, who came and arrested Sophie and Hans. For four days Hans was interrogated. At first he denied everything, but when he realized that denying was pointless he changed his story, taking all of the blame in order to protect the other members who hadn’t been captured yet. Unfortunately, Hans had had a leaflet draft written by Christoph on his person when he was arrested. Christoph, who had bowed off the group due to being married with three children, was captured on February 20. On February 22, Hans, Sophie and Christoph were tried by Roland Freisler, a hard judge known as the “hanging judge” for sentencing up to 90% of the accused to death. The verdict was as expected as it was sad: death by guillotine. Hans and the others were hustled off to prison, where they learned the shocking news that the execution was to take place that same day. Hans and Sophie were able to see their parents before they died. at around 5 pm, the guards came for Sophie, who was the first to be executed. A few minutes later, the guards came back for Hans. As the ax fell he yelled, “Es leibe die Freiheit!” (Let freedom live!) Legacy. Today, the White Rose group, and particularly the Scholl siblings, are commonly know in Germany. Between them, Sophie and Hans have about 200 schools and public institutions named after them in Germany. Three movies have been made about the White Rose: "Fünf Letzten Tage (Five Final Days), 1982" "Die Weiße Rose (The White Rose), 1982" "Sophie Scholl, Die Letzten Tage (Sophie Scholl, the Final Days), 2005" Ernst Heinrich Weber Ernst Heinrich Weber (24 June 1795 – 26 January 1878) was a German physician. He was one of the founders of experimental psychology. Weber was an influential and important figure in the areas of physiology and psychology during his lifetime and beyond. His studies on sensation and touch, and his emphasis on good experimental techniques were notable. They gave new direction and areas of study to future psychologists, physiologists, and anatomists. Weber was born into an academic background, with his father serving as a professor at the University of Wittenberg. Weber became a doctor, specializing in anatomy and physiology. Two of his younger brothers, Wilhelm and Eduard, were also influential in academia, both as scientists. One did physics and the other anatomy. Ernst became a lecturer and a professor at the University of Leipzig and stayed there until his retirement. Tarte Tatin The Tarte Tatin is called after the hotel which served it as its signature dish. It is an upside-down pastry. The fruit (usually apples) are caramelized in butter and sugar before the tart is baked. It originated in France but has spread to other countries over the years. Flatboat A flatboat is a rectangular flat-bottomed boat with square ends used to transport freight and passengers on inland waterways. The flatboat could be any size, but essentially it is large, sturdy tub with a hull. A flatboat is almost always a one-way vessel, and is usually dismantled for lumber when it reaches its downstream destination. Pierre-Louis Maupertuis Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (; ; 1698 – 27 July 1759) was a French mathematician, philosopher and man of letters. He became the Director of the Académie des Sciences, and the first President of the Prussian Academy of Science, at the invitation of Frederick the Great. Maupertuis made an expedition to Lapland to determine the shape of the Earth. He is often credited with having invented the principle of least action; a version is known as Maupertuis's principle – an integral equation that determines the path followed by a physical system. His work in natural history is interesting in relation to modern science, since he touched on aspects of heredity and the struggle for life. Matthew Webb Captain Matthew Webb (19 January 1848 – 24 July 1883) was the first recorded person to swim the English Channel without the use of artificial aids for sport purpose. On 25 August 1875, Webb swam from Dover to Calais in less than 22 hours. Webb attempet to swim the Niagra River on August 24, 1883 but died near the entrance to the whirlpool. Magnosaurus Magnosaurus (meaning 'large lizard') was a theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of England. The main species, "Magnosaurus nethercombensis" has poorly preserved remains. It has often been confused with or included in "Megalosaurus". In 1923, German paleontologist Friedrich von Huene named "Megalosaurus nethercombensis" from a partial skeleton. It was found in the nineteenth century by W. Parker in Dorset. Fossils came from a possible juvenile individual. Huene interpreted it as a more primitive species of "Megalosaurus". The remains are just a few fragments. Details of its anatomical features are unknown. It would have been a bipedal carnivore of moderate size for a dinosaur. CGP Grey CGP Grey is an American-Irish podcaster and educational YouTuber who created the podcast Hello Internet with fellow educational YouTuber Brady Haran. Since 2015, he also hosts the audio podcast Cortex with Myke Hurley of Relay FM. In addition to podcast production, Grey is known for posting on YouTube under the channel CGP Grey. His YouTube channel mainly features short explanatory videos on varying subjects, including politics, geography, economics, history, culture, and recently death. The channel's most popular video is an explanation of the terminology of the British Isles. Grey's videos have received increasing attention, having been covered by several publications, including Business Insider and The Washington Post. Chuandongocoelurus Chuandongocoelurus is a tetanuran theropod dinosaur from the Jurassic of China. Discovery and naming. The type species "Chuandongocoelurus primitivus" was first described and named by Chinese paleontologist He Xinlu in 1984. "Chuandongocoelurus" was based on two partial skeletons. The holotype, a thighbone, is part of specimen CCG 20010. Vertebrae, pelvic bones and hindlimb elements, also catalogued under this inventory number, may belong to the same individual. "Chaundongocoelurus" was a close relative of "Elaphrosaurus" The thighbone of "C. primitivus" has a length of 20.1 cm. Wolfgang Völz Wolfgang Otto Völz (16 August 1930 – 2 May 2018) was a German actor. He was born in Free City of Danzig. He was known for his roles in theatre plays, television shows, feature movies (especially German movies based on Edgar Wallace works) and taped radio shows. He was also a very prolific voice actor. He dubbed American stars such as Walter Matthau, Peter Falk and Mel Brooks and people or animals in animated movies like "Impy's Island". Völz died at his home in Berlin at the age of 87. Poekilopleuron Poekilopleuron (meaning "varied ribs") is a megalosauroid dinosaur. The genus has been used under many different spelling variants, although only one, "Poekilopleuron", is valid. The type species is "P. bucklandii" (see also "Megalosaurus"), named after William Buckland, and many junior synonyms of it have also been erected. Few material is currently known, as the holotype was destroyed in World War II, although many casts of the material still exist. Discovery and naming. "Poekilopleuron" is a genus of theropod with a long and complex history. The genus was first named and described by Jacques-Amand Eudes-Deslongchamps in a report published in 1836, based on holotype material that is now destroyed. In 1837, Eudes-Deslongchamps published a more detailed account of this discovery in a monograph which was also inserted next year in volume 6 of the "Mémoires de la Société Linnéenne Normandie". The holotype, which was housed in Musée de la Faculté des Sciences de Caen and destroyed during World War II, included gastralia, phalanges, a left forelimb, caudal vertebrae, chevrons, ribs and a hindlimb. Of all the material, few is still preserved, although the gastralia, phalanges and forelimb were casted. In the same 1836 publication, Eudes-Deslongchamps also named the type species of "Poekilopleuron", "P. bucklandii". Eudes-Deslongchapms noted similarities with some material of "Megalosaurus bucklandii" and "Poekilopleuron", and chose the species name "bucklandii" for "Poekilopleuron", so that it the two genera were synonymized, only the genus name would be suppressed. The generic name is derived from Greek ποίκιλος, "poikilos", "varied", and πλευρών, "pleuron", "rib", a reference to the three types of rib present. The specific name, honouring William Buckland, was deliberately identical to that of "Megalosaurus bucklandii". Donald McHenry Donald Franchot McHenry (born October 13, 1936) is a former American diplomat. He was the United States Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nations from September 1979 until January 20, 1981. McHenry was born in St. Louis, Missouri, and grew up across the river in East St. Louis, Illinois. In September 1979, McHenry was appointed Ambassador and U.S. Permanent Representative to the U.N. by President Jimmy Carter. He has been a director of The Coca-Cola Company since 1981, as well as a former director of AT&T Corporation and International Paper. Herman Krebbers Herman Krebbers (18 June 1923 – 2 May 2018) was a Dutch violinist. He was born in Hengelo, Overijssel. In 1943 the 19-year-old violinist debuted with the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra and eventually became the Orchestra's Concertmaster in 1962. In parallel he led a career as a soloist and a chamber musician. Reece Thompson Reece Daniel Thompson (born November 22, 1988) is a Canadian actor and voice actor. Thompson started his acting career as a child actor by voice acting in several animated television series and minor roles on television shows before transitioning to movies. In 1997 he had the minor role of Irish Little Boy playing opposite Jenette Goldstein in the academy award-winning movie Titanic. His first major role came in the 2007 movie "Rocket Science". Thompson appeared in 2009's "Assassination of a High School President" with Mischa Barton and Bruce Willis, and in "Afterwards". Also in 2012, he appeared as Craig in "The Perks of Being a Wallflower". Early life. Thompson grew up in White Rock, British Columbia, Canada, a small town near Vancouver. His mother ran a film society that brought independent movies to town. Thompson had always expressed an interest in becoming an actor to his parents; and at a young age, Thompson, along with the rest of his family, began taking background roles in productions in Vancouver. After the sixth grade, Thompson decided that he didn't want to continue going to school and convinced his mother to homeschool him. Soon after Thompson began attending an acting school. Thompson signed with an agent he was introduced to through the school and began attending auditions. Personal life. Thompson currently lives part-time in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The other half of his time is spent living in Los Angeles, California in the United States. He is a co-founder of the online comedy group "Jitterbug Productions". Abi Ofarim Abi Ofarim, born Avraham Reichstadt (5 October 1937 – 4 May 2018) was an Israeli singer, musician and dancer. He was born in Safed, Mandatory Palestine. In 1961, he married Esther Ofarim, his musical duo. Their greatest success in Germany came the next year with "Morning of my Life", written by the Bee Gees. In 1968 "Cinderella Rockefella" hit the top of the charts in a number of countries including the UK. Ofarim died on 4 May 2018 at the age of 80. Henryk Skolimowski Henryk Skolimowski (4 May 1930 – 6 April 2018) is a Polish philosopher. He completed technical studies, musicology and philosophy in Warsaw. He received his Ph.D. in philosophy from Oxford University. He was born in Warsaw. uring decades of travel and involvement with leading thinkers across the globe, Skolimowski has become familiar a great variety of cultures, and has included winning precepts from them into his works. In the years 1992-1997 Skolimowski held the position of Chair of Eco-Philosophy at Technical University of Lodz, the first such position of its kind in the world. Skolimowski died on 6 April 2018 in Warsaw at the age of 87. Eric Koch Eric Otto Koch (31 August 1919 – 28 April 2018) was a German-born Canadian author, broadcaster and academic. He retired from the broadcaster in 1979 in order to focus on writing books and teaching at York University where he was a course director in the Social Science Division and taught a course on The Politics of Canadian Broadcasting for 18 years. He published his first novel at the age of 60, Koch is the author of 13 books of fiction. Geneviève Claisse Geneviève Claisse (17 July 1935, in Quiévy – 30 April 2018, in Dreux) was a French geometrical abstract painter. Her first personal exhibits in the Galerie Caille in Cambrai and Galerie Hybler in Paris in 1958. Her arts were displayed at museums in Oslo and Paris. Anatole Katok Anatole Borisovich Katok (; August 9, 1944 – April 30, 2018) was an Russian-American mathematician. Katok was the Director of the Center for Dynamics and Geometry at the Pennsylvania State University. His field of research was the theory of dynamical systems. John Treacher Admiral Sir John Devereux Treacher (23 September 1924 – 30 April 2018) was a British naval officer. He served as Commander-in-Chief Fleet from 1975 to 1977. In retirement he became Chief Executive of National Car Parks. He was also Deputy Chairman of Westland Group and a Director of Meggitt. He was named chairman of London's Playboy Club in an attempt to secure a gambling license that had been denied over concerns regarding his predecessor. Treacher died on 30 April 2018 at the age of 93. William Reynolds (actor) William de Clerq Reynolds (December 9, 1931 – August 24, 2022) was an American actor. He was best known for his movie roles in the 1950s and his television roles in the 1960s and 1970s. He was known for his the title role in "Pete Kelly's Blues". Reynolds caught his big break co-starring with Efrem Zimbalist, Jr., in another ABC series, the long-running "The F.B.I.". Reynolds first made guest appearances in seasons one and two in 1966, before he appeared as series regular Special Agent Tom Colby from 1967 to 1973. Reynolds died on August 24, 2022 from pneumonia in Wildomar, California at the age of 90. Danville, Pennsylvania Danville is a borough in and the county seat of Montour County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is along the North Branch of the Susquehanna River. Danville was home to 8,042 people in 1900, 7,517 people in 1910, and 7,122 people in 1940. The population was 4,699 at the 2010 census. Ignacio Zaragoza Ignacio Zaragoza Seguín (; March 24, 1829 – September 8, 1862) was a Mexican general and politician. He led the Mexican army that defeated invading French forces at the Battle of Puebla on May 5, 1862 (mostly celebrated in the United States as "Cinco de Mayo"). Shortly after his famous victory, Zaragoza was struck with typhoid fever, of which he died at the age of 33. He was buried in San Fernando Cemetery in Mexico City. Shazam! (movie) Shazam! is an American superhero movie that was released in 2019. It is based on the DC Comics character of the same name and is the seventh movie in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). The movie was directed by David F. Sandberg. It stars Asher Angel as Billy Batson, a teenage boy who can transform via the magic word "Shazam" into an adult superhero, played by Zachary Levi. Mark Strong, Grace Fulton, Jack Dylan Grazer and his fianceè Harmony Dylan Grazer, Ian Chen, Jovan Armand, Faithe Herman, and Djimon Hounsou also appear in the movie as supporting characters. The movie was released by New Line Cinema and Warner Bros. Pictures in RealD 3D and IMAX 3D on April 5, 2019. Synopsis. In 1975, the wizard Shazam takes a young child named Thaddeus Sivana to an alternate universe to make him his champion against the Seven Deadly Sins. Sivana is tempted by sin and the Wizard tells him he will never be good enough. Shazam then sends him back to the world to the very moment that he left. Sivana panics and his father accidentally crashes his car and permanently breaks his legs. Sivana's brother blames him for what happened and hates him ever since. Sivana later becomes a doctor and pays for an experiment to reverse engineer what happened to him that way he could enter Shazam's world and fight Shazam. Dr Sivana then strikes a deal with the Seven Deadly Sins to become a supervillain in exchange for power. Dr. Sivana then kills his father and brother. Billy Batson is taken in by a new family after having repeatedly run away from foster homes to try to find his mother who was accidentally separated from him at a carnival when he was a young child. Billy meets his new foster brother Freddie who knows everything there is to know about superheroes and who walks with a crutch. Billy finds Freddie annoying. He then sees two bullies beat Freddie up with his crutch and does nothing until they make fun of Freddie for not having a mother. Billy then attacks and beats Freddie's bullies. Billy then runs away and gets onto a train. The wizard Shazam then appears to Billy and tells him that he is worthy of his power. The wizard tells him to say the name Shazam and transform into a superhero with his powers. Billy says Shazam and transforms into an adult superhero. Billy then reaches out to Freddie to find out how to be a superhero and transforms back by saying Shazam. Billy becomes arrogant because of his power and so he chooses not to transform into his superhero form and visit Freddie as his hero at the school’s next lunch like Freddie had said he would. When no superhero showed up, they gave Freddie a suitcase wedgie. Freddie then came to Billy while Billy was in his superhero form during a public appearance and tells him he only cares about himself. Dr. Sivana then comes and attacks Billy. Billy tries and fails to fight Dr.Sivana and he transforms back into a teenager by saying Shazam so that he can escape. Dr. Sivana attacks Freddie and threatens to kill him if he doesn’t tell him where Billy lives. Freddie tells him. Dr. Sivana then kidnaps Billy’s foster family to get Billy to come to their rescue. Billy strikes a deal with Dr.Sivana to give up his powers in exchange for his foster family but instead of giving Dr. Sivana his power he gives his powers to his family by having them say Shazam. Dr.Sivana has six of the Seven Deadly Sins try to fight against Billy and his family but they are defeated. Billy then manages to trick the Sin of Envy to leave Dr. Sivana and fight Billy himself. After Billy wins Dr. Sivana is left without power and is captured and imprisoned. Billy in his superhero form then visits Freddie at his cafeteria lunch and brings Superman with him. In a scene after the credits a talking caterpillar visits Dr. Sivana in prison and tells him they can help each other. Wonder Woman 1984 Wonder Woman 1984 (also known as WW84) is a 2020 American superhero movie based on the DC Comics character Wonder Woman. It is to be the sequel to 2017's "Wonder Woman." It is the eighth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). The movie is directed by Patty Jenkins, with a screenplay by Geoff Johns, David Callaham and Jenkins. It is based from a story written by Johns and Jenkins. It is produced by Charles Roven, Gal Gadot, Zach Snyder and Deborah Snyder. It stars Gadot as Wonder Woman, with Chris Pine as Steve Trevor, Kristen Wiig as Cheetah and Pedro Pascal as Maxwell Lord. The movie is set in 1984 during the Cold War. Hans Zimmer will compose the movie soundtrack score. The movie was released by Warner Bros. Pictures and for a limited time on HBO Max in Real D 3D and IMAX 3D on December 25, 2020. Under Mango Tree Under Mango Tree is an architecture firm that was formed in 2010 by Gaurav Raj Sharma. Notable projects include the UCL Institute of Making in London, Villa Fagu in the Western Himalayas and the regeneration of Sujan Singh Park – New Delhi’s first multi-storied housing complex originally designed by Walter Sykes George.Under Mango Tree works across many sectors, including arts and culture, heritage, education, hospitality and residential. Duriavenator Duriavenator is a genus of theropod dinosaur described in 2008. It was excavated in Dorset. The type species is "D. hesperis", formerly known as "Megalosaurus hesperis". "Duriavenator" lived about 170 million years ago. It is one of the oldest-known tetanurans. The genus name combines the Latin name of Dorset, "Duria", with Latin for "hunter", "venator". This genus has also gone under the unofficial name "Walkersaurus". Penshurst, New South Wales Penshurst is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Penshurst is 17 kilometres south of the city of Sydney. It is part of the area. Most of the housing in Penshurst is made up of houses and small unit blocks. Most of the people who live in Penshurst are older. Some younger families have moved into the area from other countries so that they can be close to Hurstville. Mingguang Mingguang City () is a county-level city within the Anhui Province, in north-east China. An agricultural city, it sat at the east of Anhui Province, just below the agricultural and industrial city of Chuzhou. With a steady economy growth, the city now held more than 655,000 residents. The railways passing through the town enables the link and communication between various parts of the country and it. Bad News (video game) Bad News is a free online browser game in which players strive to become a fake news tycoon. The game is classified as a serious game and a newsgame aimed at improving media literacy and social impact. The game was produced by the Dutch media organization "DROG" in collaboration with University of Cambridge scientists Jon Roozenbeek and Sander van der Linden. The game has been described by the media as a "fake news vaccine". The purpose of the game is to immunize the public against misinformation by letting players take on the role of a fake news producer. In the game, players can earn "badges", each of which correspond to common techniques used in the production of fake news, such as polarization, conspiracy theories, discrediting, trolling, and invoking emotion. The goal is to build your own fake news empire and gain as many followers as possible while maintaining credibility. The game is loosely based on a psychological concept known as inoculation theory, where prior exposure and familiarity with common fake news tactics is thought to help confer resistance or mental immunity against fake news. Alexander Tschäppät Alexander Tschäppät (16 April 1952 – 4 May 2018) was a Swiss politician. Tschäppät was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland. He was a member of the National Council of Switzerland from 1991 to 2003 and again 2011 to 2018. He was mayor ("Stadtpräsident") of Bern 2005 until 2016. Tschäppät died of cancer on 4 May 2018 at the age of 66. Cercopithecus The guenons ( or ) are the genus Cercopithecus of Old World monkeys. All members of the genus are live in sub-Saharan Africa, and most are forest monkeys. Many of the species have small ranges, and some have local subspecies. Many are threatened or endangered because of habitat loss. The species now put in the genus "Chlorocebus", such as vervet monkeys and green monkeys, used to be species in this genus, "Cercopithecus aethiops". Michele Castoro Michele Castoro (14 January 1952 – 5 May 2018) was a Roman Catholic archbishop. Castoro was born in Oria, Italy. Castoro was ordained to the priesthood in 1975. He served as bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Oria from 200 to 2009. He then served as archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manfredonia-Vieste-S. Giovanni Rotondo, Italy, from 2009 until 2018. Castoro died in Apulia, Italy on 5 May 2018 of pancreatic cancer at the age of 66. Bank of America Corporate Center The Bank Of America Corporate Center is an 871 ft (265 m) high skyscraper found in Uptown Charlotte, North Carolina. It is the 31st tallest building in the United States, and was completed in 1992. It was also the tallest building in Charlotte and in North Carolina; the building is 60 stories high. It is the 174th-tallest building in the world. It was designed by Argentine architect César Pelli and HKS Architects. It is best known as the world headquarters for Bank of America. It is among the tallest buildings on the East Coast behind buildings in New York City, Philadelphia, and Atlanta. Sometimes locally referred to as the Taj McColl after former Bank of America CEO Hugh McColl, who was responsible for the tower's construction, on a clear day the tower is visible to the naked eye from 35 miles (56 km) away. Big Flow Music Big Flow Music (BFM) is a Mexican rap and trap group from Uriangato, Guanajuato. The group began in 2013. The group members are JL, Giorgin, Achas Lokote and MC Rap also known as "El Kala". Loco 13 and Mostro were part of the group. Loco 13 left; he signed with "Del Rancho Records". Mostro has not made songs since 2015. Active fault An active fault is a fault that is likely to become the source of another earthquake sometime in the future. Faults are active if there has been movement seen or evidence of seismic activity during the last 10,000 years. Active faulting is considered to be a geologic hazard. It is related to earthquakes as a cause. Chun-Li (song) "Chun-Li" is a song by American rapper Nicki Minaj. It was released on April 12, 2018, alongside the single "Barbie Tingz". It is Minaj's first lead single in over a year, since she released the songs "No Frauds", "Changed It", and "Regret in Your Tears". With "Chun-Li", Minaj earned her first production credit. The song has reached number 10 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Music videos. Minaj released a vertical video recorded with her phone the day after the song was released. The official video was released May 4, 2018, and features Minaj in scrim lighting wearing glow-in-the-dark accessories. Bridgwater United W.F.C. Bridgwater United W.F.C. (formerly known as Yeovil Town Ladies Football Club) is an English women's association football club based in Yeovil, Somerset. It is affiliated with Yeovil Town F.C.. Lake Albert (Africa) Lake Albert, or Albert Nyanza, is a lake in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is one of the African Great Lakes. Lake Albert is Africa's seventh-largest lake, and the world's twenty-seventh largest lake by volume. Lake Albert is in the center of Africa. It is the northernmost of the chain of lakes in the "Albertine Rift", the western branch of the East African Rift. The lake is about long and wide, with a maximum depth of . It is above sea level. Lake Albert is part of the complicated system of the upper Nile. Its main sources are from Lake Victoria to the southeast, and from Lake Edward to the southwest. Its outlet, at the northernmost tip of the lake, is the Albert Nile, which becomes the White Nile when it enters South Sudan. At the southern end of the lake there are swamps. Farther south is the Ruwenzori Range, while a range of hills called the Blue Mountains tower over the northwestern shore European colonialists operated shipping on the lake. The British planned shipping on Lake Albert as part of a network of railway, river steamer and lake steamer services. The idea was to link British interests in Egypt, east Africa and southern Africa. Chiemsee Chiemsee () is a natural freshwater lake in Bavaria, Germany, near Rosenheim. It is often called "the Bavarian Sea". The rivers Großache and Prien flow into the lake from the south, and the river Alz flows out towards the north. The Alz flows into the Inn which then merges with the Danube. The Chiemsee is divided into the bigger, north section, in the northeast, called "Weitsee", and the "Inselsee", in the southwest. The Chiemgau, the region surrounding the Chiemsee, is a famous recreation area. Lake Neuchâtel Lake Neuchâtel (; ) is a lake in western Switzerland. The lake is mainly in the canton of Neuchâtel, but is also part of Vaud, Fribourg, and Berne. Lake Geneva and Lake of Constance are larger, but the part of them that is in Switzerland is smaller. Lake Neuchatel is the largest lake entirely in Switzerland. It is the 59th largest lake in Europe. Tourism is important near the lake. Also, wine is made there (mainly white wine). The city of Neuchâtel, on the lake, is known for watch-making, and tapestries called Indiennes. Yverdon-les-Bains Yverdon-les-Bains () is a municipality in Jura-Nord vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is the capital of the district. As of , people lived in Yverdon-les-Bains. It was called Eburodunum and Ebredunum during the Roman era. Yverdon-les-Bains won Wakker Prize in 2009 for the way the city handled and developed the public areas and connected the old city with Lake Neuchâtel. The former municipality Gressy became part of Yverdon-les-Bains on 1 July 2011. Chêne-Pâquier Chêne-Pâquier is a municipality of the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The municipality consists of the hamlets of Le Chêne and Le Pâquier. Chambry Chambry can mean: 1811-12 New Madrid Earthquake A number of earthquakes that happened near the town of New Madrid, in late 1811, and early 1812 are known as the 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes today. The first of these happened December 16, 1811. It probably had a magnitude of 7.5-7.9 on the Richter scale. There also was an aftershock of magnitude 7.4 on the same day. Until 2018, they are the most powerful earthquakes to hit the contiguous United States east of the Rocky Mountains in recorded history. The earthquakes and the seismic zone of occurrence are named for the Mississippi River town of New Madrid. The town was part of the Louisiana Territory at the time. Today, it is in the US state of Missouri. There are estimates that these stable continental region earthquakes were felt strongly over roughly , and moderately across nearly 3 million square kilometers (1 million square miles). The 1906 San Francisco earthquake, by comparison, was felt moderately over roughly . Different American Indian tribes interpreted these earthquakes, and came to a consensus: the powerful earthquake had to have meant something. For many tribes in Tecumseh's pan-Indian alliance, it meant that Tecumseh and his brother the Prophet must be supported. Even today, earthquakes happen in this area, known as New Madrid Seismic Zone (or NMSZ). Scientists estimate, that until 2050, there is a chace of over 90%, that quake with a magnitude of over 7.0 on the Richter scale occurs there. Arthur C. Clarke has written a story, called Richter 10, where he describes this scenario. José María Íñigo José María Íñigo Gómez (4 June 1942 – 5 May 2018) was a Spanish journalist and television presenter. He was born in Bilbao. Shortly after he moved to London, from where he collaborated with different music programmes on Cadena SER. Back to Spain, he settled in Madrid, where he worked in radio music shows "El Musiquero", "El Gran Musical" and "Los 40 Principales". Over the years Íñigo has been associated with the Eurovision Song Contest. Between the 1975 Contest and 1976 Contest he announced the Spanish jury result. Between the 2011 Contest and the 2017 Contest, he provided the TVE commentary. Íñigo died in Madrid, aged 75, on 5 May 2018 of lung cancer. Richard John Garcia Richard John Garcia (April 24, 1947 – July 11, 2018) was an American Roman Catholic bishop. Garcia was born in San Francisco, California. He was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI as the fourth ordinary bishop of the Diocese of Monterey, California on December 19, 2006, and was installed at a Mass celebrated by Cardinal Roger Mahony on January 30, 2007. In April 2018, Garcia was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. He died three months later on July 11, 2018 from complications of the disease in Monterey, aged 71. Monterey, California Monterey is a city in Monterey County in the U.S. state of California. It is on the southern edge of Monterey Bay on California's Central Coast. It stands at an elevation of above sea level, on a land area of . The 2010 census recorded a population of 27,810. Monterey had a big herring industry, which went bust because of overfishing. Cannery Row in Monterey was where the fish were packaged. Cannery Row was the setting of John Steinbeck's novels "Cannery Row" (1945) and "Sweet Thursday" (1954). Both were the basis for the 1982 movie "Cannery Row", starring Nick Nolte and Debra Winger. It is also mentioned in Bob Dylan's song "Sad Eyed Lady of the Lowlands". Sea otters still dive for abalone shellfish Pacific Biological Laboratories, a biological supply house, was located at 800 Ocean View Avenue (now 800 Cannery Row) from 1928 to 1948. It was operated by Edward F. Ricketts. He was the inspiration for several characters in Steinbeck novels. The laboratory is still preserved. There is a variety of natural habitats in Monterey: the closed-cone pine forest has pines whose cones only open after a fire (this is called "seroteny"). The idea is that the seeds drop onto ground with few occupants, so have the best chance of developing into trees. Coast live oaks often grow nearby. George V. Murry George Vance Murry S.J. (December 28, 1948 – June 5, 2020) was an African-American prelate of the Catholic Church and member of the Jesuit Order. He was born in Camden, New Jersey. He was the Bishop of the Diocese of Youngstown, Ohio. Murry served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Chicago from 1995 to 1999 and as the bishop of the Saint Thomas in the Virgin Islands from 1999 to 2007. In April 2018, Murry was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia. He died from the disease on June 5, 2020 in New York City, aged 71. Blaxploitation Blaxploitation is a type of exploitation movie which focuses on black people. Blaxploitation movies emerged in and were most popular during the early 1970s. These movies were often criticized for their use of stereotyped characters. They were also praised for showing black people as the heroes and subjects, rather than being sidekicks or as victims of violence. Following the example set by "Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song", many blaxploitation films feature funk and soul jazz soundtracks with heavy bass, funky beats, and wah-wah guitars. Jordan Nikolić Jordan Nikolić (; 11 May 1933 – 26 April 2018) was a Serbian folk singer. He sang traditional songs from Kosovo. He was born in Prizren, Yugoslavia. About a hundred of his voice recordings are saved in Radio Belgrade archives. Nikolić participated in Jugovizija (Yugoslavian Eurosong qualification contest) in 1976. Nikolić died in Belgrade on 26 April 2018 from complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aged 84. Earl Balfour Earl Frederick "Spider" Balfour (January 4, 1933 – April 27 2018) was a Canadian NHL hockey player. He was born in Toronto, Ontario. Balfour served as a forward from 1952 to 1961. He was a defensive forward and penalty-killing expert. Balfour won the Stanley Cup with the 1960–61 Chicago Black Hawks. He also played for the Toronto Maple Leafs. He retired after 288 games, posting 30 goals, 22 assists, 52 points and just 78 penalty minutes. Balfour died on April 27, 2018 of prostate cancer in Guelph, Ontario, aged 85. Esther Ofarim Esther Zaied, better known by her married name Esther Ofarim (; born June 13, 1941), is an Israeli singer. She came second in the 1963 Eurovision Song Contest with the song "T'en vas pas", representing Switzerland. A After marrying Abi Ofarim in 1961, she was half of the singing husband and wife duo, Esther & Abi Ofarim. The couple divorced in Germany in 1970. After they divorced, the duo broke up and she undertook a successful solo career. Mel Lastman Melvin Douglas "Mel" Lastman (March 9, 1933 – December 11, 2021), nicknamed "Mayor Mel" or "Mega City Mel", was a Canadian businessman and politician. He was the founder of the Bad Boy Furniture chain. He served as the mayor of the former city of North York, Ontario, Canada from 1973 until 1997. Lastman died on December 11, 2021, at the age of 88. Mayor of Toronto The Mayor of Toronto is the leader of the municipal government of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The mayor is directly-elected in municipal elections every four years alongside Toronto City Council. The office. The mayor is responsible for the administration of government services overseeing Toronto government departments and serves as the chairperson for meeting of Toronto City Council. The current mayor of Toronto is John Tory. Art Eggleton is the longest-serving mayor of Toronto, serving from 1980 until 1991. No Toronto mayor has been removed from office. Toronto's 64th mayor, Rob Ford, lost a conflict of interest trial in 2012, and was ordered to vacate his position; but the ruling was stayed pending an appeal, which Ford won to remain in office. Living former mayors. As of December 21, 2017 there are six living former mayors of Toronto: Rob Ford and June Rowlands are the most recent mayors that have died. Ford is the first mayor of Toronto after the amalgamation of Toronto to die. David Crombie David Edward Crombie (born April 24, 1936) is a Canadian politician, professor and consultant. Crombie served as Mayor of Toronto from 1972 to 1978. Art Eggleton Arthur C. "Art" Eggleton, (born September 29, 1943) is a Canadian politician. He was a Senator representing Ontario from 2005 to 2018. He was the longest serving Mayor of Toronto, serving from 1980 to 1991. Eggleton has held several federal government posts, including President of the Treasury Board and Minister of Infrastructure from 1993–1996, Minister for International Trade from 1996–1997, and Minister of National Defense from 1997 until 2002. Martha MacIsaac Martha MacIsaac (born October 11, 1984) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her role of Becca in the 2007 teen comedy "Superbad". Early life. MacIsaac was born and raised in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, the youngest of three girls; her mother Irene was one of twelve. Career. MacIsaac started her career playing Emily Byrd Starr in the "Emily of New Moon" television series, based on the books by Lucy Maud Montgomery. She has appeared in several plays including the 2006 play "The Wild Duck" in which she played Hedwig and was nominated for a Dora Mavor Moore Award for "Outstanding Performance by a Female in a Principal Role - Play". In 2009, she played Paige in a remake of the Wes Craven film "The Last House on the Left". She also performed in three consecutive productions of Soulpepper Theatre Company's "Our Town" as Emily, beginning in 2006. In a 2007 "Entertainment Weekly" article, she stated she has been inspired by Julia Roberts from the age of four and was self-described as "obsessed". She also stated she would like to perform alongside her in a film, particularly "a female version of "Twins"". In late 2012, MacIsaac began a main role on the NBC comedy "1600 Penn" as the president's eldest daughter, Becca. Brittany Snow was originally cast as Becca but because she did not physically resemble and fit in well with the other family members, Martha MacIsaac was cast. In a 2012 interview with the CBC Radio series "Island Morning", she revealed that "1600 Penn" was her last audition before she considered returning to Canada. Personal life. She was married to film producer, director, and writer Torre Catalano from 2010 to 2015. She lives in Los Angeles, California as of 2017. She is represented by the Agency for the Performing Arts. Jerrod Carmichael Jerrod Carmichael ( ; born June 22, 1987) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, and writer. Carmichael is best known for creating and playing the lead role in the semi-biographical NBC sitcom "The Carmichael Show." Life and career. Carmichael was born and raised in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. In 2005, he graduated from Robert B. Glenn High School. Carmichael's early comedic influences were stand-ups Richard Pryor, Bill Cosby, Sinbad, and George Carlin. Carmichael moved to Los Angeles at the age of 20. His first time doing stand-up was an open-mic night at The Comedy Store in West Hollywood. Carmichael then appeared in the "New Faces" showcase at the 2011 Just for Laughs Festival in Montreal. Carmichael's star role was in the 2014 film "Neighbors." He has released two stand-up HBO comedy specials: "Jerrod Carmichael: Love at the Store" (2014) and "Jerrod Carmichael: 8" (2017). In June 2019, Carmichael was hired by Quentin Tarantino to co-write a film adaptation based on the "Django/Zorro" crossover comic book series. Cirilo Bautista Cirilo F. Bautista (July 9, 1941 – May 6, 2018) was a Filipino poet, fictionist, critic and writer of nonfiction. He was awarded with the National Artist of the Philippines award in 2014. He was born in Manila. Bautista works include "Boneyard Breaking", "Sugat ng Salita", "The Archipelago", "Telex Moon", "Summer Suns", "Charts", "The Cave and Other Poems", "Kirot ng Kataga", and "Bullets and Roses: The Poetry of Amado V. Hernandez". His novel "Galaw ng Asoge" was published by the University of Santo Tomas Press in 2004. Bautista died on May 6, 2018 in Manila of neuroendocrine cancer at the age of 76. Ben Miller Bennet Evan "Ben" Miller (born 24 February 1966) is an English comedian, actor, and director. He is best known as one half of comedy double act Armstrong and Miller, with Alexander Armstrong. Miller starred in the Channel 4 sketch show "Armstrong and Miller", as well as the BBC sketch show "The Armstrong & Miller Show". Miller also played the lead role of Richard Poole in the first two series of the BBC Crime Drama "Death in Paradise". Noah Taylor Noah George Taylor (born 4 September 1969) is an English-Australian actor. He is best known for his roles as David Helfgott in "Shine", Locke in HBO series "Game of Thrones", Mr. Bucket in "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory" and Danny in "He Died with a Felafel in His Hand". Freddie Highmore Alfred Thomas "Freddie" Highmore (born 14 February 1992) is an English Actor and Director. He is known for his film roles in "Women Talking Dirty" (1999), "Finding Neverland" (2004), "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory" (2005), and "The Spiderwick Chronicles" (2008). He has appeared as a television actor in 2 TV series: as Norman Bates in the A&E drama series "Bates Motel" (2013–2017), and as autistic resident surgeon Dr. Shaun Murphy in "The Good Doctor" (2017–2020) on ABC TV. Highmore won a Saturn Award in 2007. He also twice won the Critic's Choice awards for Best Young Performer in a film. William Gillock William Gillock (July 1, 1917 - September 7, 1993) was an American composer. He was born in La Russell, Missouri. He taught music and composed piano music. Early life and education. Gillock studied music at Central Methodist College (called Central College at that time), in Fayette, Missouri. His instructor was N. Louise Wright. Later life. He moved to New Orleans as a young man. He taught music there for many years. Later, he stopped teaching and moved to Texas. In Texas, " he was the first and only judge for the first twenty-one years of the Junior Pianists’ Guild, which involved over fourteen hundred students." Music. Gillock wrote piano music for children. Some of his compositions were solo pieces, and some were ensemble pieces. He taught music at many workshops. Because his music was very melodic, he was called "the Schubert of children’s composers." His music is often played at piano festivals. Honors. Gillock was given the Award of Merit for Service to American Music by the National Federation of Music Clubs five times. Later life and death. He died in Dallas on September 7, 1993. Legacy. In March 2018, the AADGT held a piano competition in honor of Gillock. The ABRSM exam syllabus includes his works. Naser Cheshm Azar Naser Cheshm Azar (31 December 1950 – 4 May 2018) was an Iranian pianist, composer, and arranger. Cheshm Azar was known for his vocal music (for a singer or choir), instrumental music, electronic music, and music which combines multiple genres. He was mater in classical music, musical theatre, blues, folk music, jazz, and popular music. He was born in Ardabil, Iran. Cheshm Azar died of a heart attack in Tehran on 4 May 2018 at the age of 68. Renate Dorrestein Renate Maria Dorrestein (25 January 1954 – 4 May 2018) was a Dutch writer, journalist and feminist. She won the "Annie Romein" prize in 1993. She started working as a journalist for a magazine called "Panorama". She published her first novel ("Buitenstaanders") in 1983. She was born in Amsterdam. Dorrestein died on 4 May 2018 of esophageal cancer in Amsterdam at the age of 64. Paolo Ferrari Paolo Ferrari (26 February 1929 – 6 May 2018) was an Italian actor. He appeared in 45 movies between 1938 and 2018. He made his acting debut at 9 years old, in Alessandro Blasetti's "Ettore Fieramosca". He became first known as "the balilla Paolo", a character he played in numerous radio programs for children and teenagers during the fascist era. Ferrari died in Rome on 6 May 2018 of complications from pneumonia at the age of 89. Tarcisio Gitti Tarcisio "Ciso" Gitti (18 April 1936 – 6 May 2018) was an Italian lawyer and politician. He was born in Gardone Val Trompia. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1979 and served until 1994. Gitti was Undersecretary of the Treasury from 30 July 1897 to 22 July 1989, and President of COPASIR from 29 January 1991 to 22 April 1992. From 1992 to 1994, he was Vice President of the Chamber of Deputies. Gitti died in Brescia, Italy of Parkinson's disease-related complications on 6 May 2018, aged 82. Khaled Mohieddin Khaled Mohieddine (August 17, 1922 – May 6, 2018) was an Egyptian Communist politician and a major in the Egyptian Army. He fought in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, which overthrew the monarchy under King Farouk. Mohieddine held important roles throughout Gamal Abdel Nasser's presidency. He founded the leftist political party National Progressive Union Party (Tagammu) in 1976. Under Mohieddine's leadership, Tagammu became a significant opposition force during Hosni Mubarak's rule. Mohieeddin died on May 6, 2018 at a hospital in Cairo of congestive heart failure at the age of 95. Flula Borg Flula Borg (born March 28, 1982) is a German actor, comedian, musician, and YouTube personality who is better known as DJ Flula or simply Flula (sometimes stylized as f|u|a). He currently lives in Los Angeles, California. Borg has appeared in several feature movies, including "Pitch Perfect 2", and a number of popular TV shows. He has collaborated with both well-known YouTubers, including Rhett and Link, Miranda Sings, Smosh, Jacksfilms, and many more, and mainstream celebrities such as Sir Mix-A-Lot, RZA, and Dirk Nowitzki. In 2015, he was named one of "The Hollywood Reporter"s Top 25 Digital Stars as well as one of Variety's 10 Comics to Watch. 2019 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series The 2019 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series will be the 71st season of professional stock car racing in the United States, and the 48th modern-era Cup series season. The season began at Daytona International Speedway with the Advance Auto Parts Clash, the Can-Am Duel qualifying races and the 61st running of the Daytona 500. The regular season will end with the Brickyard 400 on September 8, 2019. The playoffs will end with the Ford EcoBoost 400 at Homestead-Miami Speedway on November 17, 2019. It will be the fourth season of the current 10-year television contract with Fox Sports and NBC Sports and the third of a five-year race sanctioning agreement with all tracks. It will also be the first year the Cup Series will be fielding the Ford Mustang. Schedule. Key changes from 2018 include: The schedule, comprising 36 races, including the Advance Auto Parts Clash, Can-Am Duel (qualifying races for the Daytona 500) and the All-Star Race, was released on April 3, 2018. Natalia Cordova-Buckley Natalia Cordova-Buckley (born November 25, 1982) is a Mexican actress. She was born in Mexico City. Cordova-Buckley is best known for playing Elena "Yo-Yo" Rodriguez on "Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D." and as the voice of Frida Kahlo in Disney-Pixar "Coco" (2017). Nabih Berri Nabih Berri (; born 28 January 1938) is a Lebanese politician. He has been the Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon since 1992. He heads the Amal Movement. Saad Hariri Saad El-Din Rafik Al-Hariri (; born 18 April 1970) is a Lebanese politician. He was the 33rd Prime Minister of Lebanon from December 2016 to January 2020. He was also the Prime Minister from November 2009 to June 2011. On 29 October 2019, amid the 2019 Lebanese protests, Hariri announced his resignation, and that of his cabinet. Émile Lahoud Émile Jamil Lahoud () (born 12 January 1936) is a Lebanese politician. He was President of Lebanon from 1998 to 2007. Paul Goma Paul Goma (; October 2, 1935 – March 25, 2020) was a Romanian-Moldovan writer and political critic. He was known for his activities as a dissident and leading opponent of the communist regime before 1989. After 2000, Goma has expressed opinions on World War II, the Holocaust in Romania and the Jews, claims which have led to widespread criticism for antisemitism. On March 18, 2020, Goma was hospitalized in Paris after being infected with COVID-19. He died on March 25, 2020 from the infection, aged 84. Simon MacCorkindale Simon Charles Pendered MacCorkindale (12 February 1952 – 14 October 2010) was a British actor, movie director, screenwriter, composer and producer. He was born in Ely, Cambridgeshire. He was known for his roles in "Manimal" as the lead character, "Dr. Jonathan Chase". He also acted for the longer-running role of lawyer Greg Reardon in "Falcon Crest". MacCorkindale died of colorectal cancer on 14 October 2010 in London at the age of 58. George Raft George Raft (born George Ranft; September 26, 1901 – November 24, 1980) was an American actor, comedian and dancer. He was born in New York City. Raft is mostly known for his gangster roles in the original "Scarface" (1932), "Each Dawn I Die" (1939), and Billy Wilder's 1959 comedy "Some Like It Hot", as a dancer in "Bolero" (1934), and a truck driver in "They Drive by Night" (1940). Raft died in Los Angeles, California of leukemia on November 24, 1980 at the age of 79. Buona Vista MRT station Buona Vista MRT station (EW21/CC22) is a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station on the East West Line and Circle Line in Queenstown, Singapore. This station is in close proximity to one-north, a high technology business parks made up of biomedical science, infocomm technology and media industries. History. Buona Vista station opened on 12 March 1988, as part of Phase 1B of the MRT line which runs from Outram Park to Clementi. In the late 1990s to early 2000s, a temporary overhead bridge was built across North Buona Vista Road, leading into the concourse level. With the construction of the Circle Line from 11 January 2005, the bridge was demolished and replaced with a newer one. The second storey of the EW Line station was also converted into a transfer level between the two lines. The Circle Line part was opened on October 8, 2011, while the two new exits share the same location as the original one. Following the 25 March 2006 accident, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) made the decision in 2008 to install Platform Screen Doors in this station, whereby operations commenced on 10 June 2011. The lifts were upgraded in August 2009 and had been the last station to be barrier-free, due to the big size of the station. Buona Vista MRT station is the second station to serve as an interchange between an above and underground MRT line, with the first being Paya Lebar. The station is fitted with high-volume low-speed fans, which commenced operations on 25 June 2012, the same day as the fans at Commonwealth. Art in Transit. The artwork featured under the Art in Transit programme is "The Tree of Life" by Gilles Massot. Located on the lift shaft in the underground station, the artwork depicts a eucalyptus tree located at the nearby Kent Ridge Park that has been digitally edited to create an effect similar to David Hockney's photo montages. The tree also represents the jungle greenery which used to exist next to the above-ground station and is a result of the deep impression left on the artist of the landscape and view of the area. Wilson Frost Wilson Frost (December 27, 1925 – May 5, 2018) was an American politician. He served as Chicago alderman of the 34th Ward. In 1976, upon the death of longtime mayor Richard J. Daley, Frost declared that he was acting mayor. In a power struggle that lasted several days, the entirely Democratic Chicago City Council determined that Frost was incorrect in his claim, and appointed Alderman Michael Anthony Bilandic as acting mayor instead. If he had been elected mayor, Wilson Frost would have been Chicago's first African American mayor. He was born in Cairo, Illinois. Frost died on May 5, 2018 in Palm Desert, California at the age of 92. Ray Szmanda Raymond Jack Szmanda, Sr. (June 22, 1926 – May 6, 2018) was an American radio and television announcer. He became well-known for his "Menards Guy," commercial role who has advertised for the home improvement store for more than 20 years. He was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Szmanda once appeared in a 1970s science fiction movie, "The Alpha Incident" as the Official. He also hosted the Wausau version of "High Quiz Bowl." Szmanda died on May 6, 2018 in Antigo, Wisconsin of pneumonia caused by a fall at the age of 91. Chase Bank JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., also known as Chase Bank, is a national bank headquartered in Manhattan, New York City. The bank was known as Chase Manhattan Bank until it merged with J.P. Morgan & Co. in 2000. Chase Manhattan Bank was formed by the merger of the Chase National Bank and The Manhattan Company in 1955. The bank has been headquartered in Columbus, Ohio since its merger with Bank One Corporation in 2004. The bank acquired the deposits and most assets of Washington Mutual. The current CEO of the bank is Jamie Dimon. Chase offers more than 5,100 branches and 16,000 ATMs nationwide. JPMorgan Chase & Co. has 250,355 employees (as of 2016) and operates in more than 100 countries. JPMorgan Chase & Co. had assets of US$2.49 trillion in 2016. JPMorgan Chase is one of the largest banks of the United States. JPMorgan Chase J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. is a banking and money managing company headquartered in New York City that operates all over the world. It is the largest bank in the United States, and one of the biggest in the world. It is also the world's most valuable bank by market capitalization. JPMorgan is one of America's Big Four banks, along with Bank of America, Citigroup, and Wells Fargo. Some of the different ways they manage money are called investment banking, asset management, private banking, private wealth management, and treasury & securities services; they use the name "JPMorgan" for these services. They use the name "Chase" for credit card services in the United States and Canada, retail banking activities in the United States, and commercial banking. 270 Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City is the headquarters for activities using both names. The company was formed in 2000, when Chase Manhattan Corporation merged with J.P. Morgan & Co. J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. is a big company that used to be several smaller companies. These companies include banks that were active two hundred years ago. Like most American banks, the smaller companies that make up JPMorgan Chase all made a lot of money from slavery. Timeline of prehistoric Britain Events from the prehistory of Britain (to 1 BC). The entries are backed by modern research in archaeology. Swanscombe Heritage Park Swanscombe Heritage Park or Swanscombe Skull Site is a geological Site of Special Scientific Interest Swanscombe in north-west Kent. The site has two Geological Conservation Review sites, and a National Nature Reserve. The park is in a former gravel quarry, Barnfield Pit. The area was already famous for numerous Palaeolithic-era handaxes—mostly Acheulean and Clactonian artifacts, some as much as 400,000 years old. In 1935/1936 work at Barnfield Pit uncovered two fossilised skull fragments. These fragments were the remains of Swanscombe Man. The bones were later found to have belonged to a young woman. The Swanscombe skull were early Neanderthal, dating to the Hoxnian Interglacial around 400,000 years ago. They are one of only two sites in Britain which have yielded Lower Palaeolithic human fossils, together with the 500,000-year-old "Homo heidelbergensis" leg bones and teeth at Boxgrove. The skull fragments were found in the lower middle terrace gravels at a depth of almost eight metres beneath the surface. Further excavations, carried out between 1968-1972 uncovered more animal bone and flint tools, and established the extent of a former shoreline that the bones were found on. Most of the bone finds are now in the Natural History Museum in London, and the stone finds are at the British Museum. The other key paleolithic sites in the UK are Happisburgh, Pakefield, Pontnewydd, Kents Cavern, Paviland, and Gough's Cave. Happisburgh Happisburgh, pronounced "Hazeborough", is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is on the coast, to the east of a north-south road, the B1159. Its population is under 1,000. This small place became a site of national archaeological importance in 2010. Flint tools over 800,000 years old were unearthed. This is the oldest evidence of human occupation anywhere in the UK. In May 2013, a series of early human footprints were discovered on the beach at the site, providing direct evidence of early human activity at the site. Rough seas had eroded the sandy beach. This uncovered some elongated hollows. Firuz Shah Tughluq Sultan Firuz Shah Tughluq (1309 – 20 September 1388) was a Muslim ruler of the Tughluq Dynasty, who reigned over the Delhi Sultanate from 1351 to 1388. His father's name was Rajab (the younger brother of Ghazi Malik) who had the title "Sipahsalar". He succeeded his cousin Muhammad bin Tughlaq following the latter's death in 1351 at Thatta in Sindh, where Muhammad bin Tughlaq had gone in pursuit of Taghi the Muslim ruler of Gujarat. For the first time in the history of Delhi Sultanate, a situation was confronted wherein nobody was ready to accept the reins of power. With much difficulty, the camp followers convinced Firuz to accept the responsibility. In fact, Khawaja Jahan, the Wazir of Muhammad bin Tughlaq had placed a small boy on throne claiming him to be the son of Muhammad bin Tughlaq, who meekly surrendered afterwards. Firuz Shah Tughlaq thereafter reigned upon the throne of Delhi and took control of the Delhi Sultanate. Due to widespread unrest, his realm was much smaller than Muhammad's. Tughlaq was forced by rebellions to concede virtual independence to Bengal and other provinces. However, he reconquered Bengal in 1364. Firuz Shah Tughlaq was a religious Sunni Muslim who established Sharia across his entire sultanate. In Delhi, Firuz Shah Tughlaq constructed a jamia masjid called Jamia-i-Miri ("mosque of miri") and asked all the Muslim scholars (ulama) and mystics to assemble there for the Friday prayers. Baal Krishna Baal Krishna is an Indian Hindi-language television soap opera drama which was premiered on 14 March 2016 and it was broadcast on BIG Magic. The series will be produced by Swastik Pictures of Siddharth Kumar Tewarey. The show went to off air from Swastik Pictures, By going next way to another production house, on it's Maha-Sangam (Episode 247) with Eklavya Serial. After that the show was re-aired as a new name Chakradhari Ajay Krishna in 28 March 2017 on Big Magic wich is now begin produced by Film Farm Productions. Synopsis. The show explored lesser known stories and will also deal with widely popular stories about Lord Krishna. Channapatna Channapatna toys are a particular form of wooden toys (and dolls) that are manufactured in the town of Channapatnain the Ramanagara district of Karnataka state, India. This traditional craft is protected as a geographical indication (GI) under the World Trade Organization, administered by the Government of Karnataka. As a result of the popularity of these toys, Channapatna is known as "Gombegala Ooru" (toy-town) of Karnataka. Traditionally, the work involved lacquering the wood of the "Wrightia tinctoria" tree, colloquially called "Aale mara" (ivory-wood). and for for toys is majorly manifactured in channapatna taluk in neelsandra village. Kodakara Kodakara is a city in Thrissur district of Kerala state in South India. The total population of this town is 27,948. It is located on National Highway (NH 544). It is 20 km south of Thrissur town and about 10 km north of Chalakudy. Manapparai taluk Manapparai taluk is a taluk of Tiruchirapalli district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Manapparai. Lincoln, Michigan Lincoln is a village in Alcona County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 337 at the 2010 census. Lincoln, Vermont Lincoln is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,271 at the 2010 census. Lincoln, California Lincoln is a city in Placer County, California, United States. It grew 282.1 percent between 2000 and 2010, making it the fastest growing city over 10,000 people in the United States. The population was estimated to be 45,837 in 2015. Lincoln, North Dakota Lincoln is a city in Burleigh County, North Dakota, United States. It is a suburb of Bismarck. The population was 2,406 at the 2010 census, making it the 15th largest city in North Dakota. Lincoln was founded in 1977. Walter Hirrlinger Walter Hirrlinger (24 June 1926 – 24 July 2018) was a German politician. He was honorary President of Sozialverbands VdK Deutschland (SPD) from 1990 to 2008. From 1953 to 1968, Hirrlinger was a member of the municipal council of Esslingen am Neckar, from 1959 to 1989, he was also on the county council of the district of Esslingen. From 1964 to 1968 he was also Deputy State Chairman of the SPD Baden-Württemberg; until 1975. Hirrlinger died on 24 July 2018 at the age of 92 years in Esslingen. Lincoln, New Hampshire Lincoln is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. It is the second-largest town by area in New Hampshire. The population was 1,662 at the 2010 census. Grafton County, New Hampshire Grafton County is a county in the state of New Hampshire, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 89,118. The county seat is Haverhill. Mitsuo Matayoshi (February 5, 1944 – July 20, 2018) was a Japanese political activist. He was known for his perennial candidacy for Mayor of Tokyo. He called himself "The only God Matayoshi Mitsuo Jesus Christ" (唯一神又吉光雄・イエス・キリスト) or "Jesus Matayoshi" (又吉イエス). He was a conservative politician. In 1997, he created the World Economic Community Party (世界経済共同体党), a political party based on his belief that he was God. Matayoshi died from pneumonia on 20 July 2018 in Tokyo, aged 74. Belknap County, New Hampshire Belknap County () is a county in the state of New Hampshire, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 60,088. The county seat is Laconia. Vakhtang Balavadze Vakhtang Balavadze (Georgian: ვახტანგ ბალავაძე, (November 20, 1927 – July 25, 2018) was a Georgian welterweight freestyle wrestler. He competed at the 1956 and 1960 Summer Olympics and won a bronze medal in 1956. He won the world title in 1954 and 1957, and was a runner-up in 1959. Balavadze died on July 25, 2018 in Tbilisi from a heart attack at the age of 90. Laconia, New Hampshire Laconia is a city in Belknap County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 15,951 at the 2010 census, and an estimated 16,470 as of 2016. It is the county seat of Belknap County. Laconia is between Lake Winnipesaukee and Winnisquam Lake, includes the neighborhoods of Lakeport and Weirs Beach. Laconia (disambiguation) Laconia is a region of Greece. It may also refer to: Laconia, Indiana Laconia is a town in Boone Township, Harrison County, Indiana, United States. The population was 50 at the 2010 census. Sergio Marchionne Sergio Marchionne (; June 17, 1952 – July 25, 2018) was an Italian-Canadian businessman. He was born in Chieti, Italy and raised in Toronto, Ontario. Marchionne was the chairman of CNH Industrial, the chief executive officer (CEO) of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, the chairman and CEO of FCA US LLC, the chairman and CEO of Ferrari, and the chairman of Maserati. He was the chairman of Swiss-based SGS and vice chairman of UBS from 2008 to 2010, as well as the chairman of the European Automobile Manufacturers Association for 2012 (first elected in January 2006). He was a member of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, and the chairman of the Italian branch of the Council for the United States and Italy. In June 2018, Marchionne underwent shoulder surgery after suffering from pain in that area. Following complications from surgery he died on July 25, 2018 in Zurich at the age of 66. New Amsterdam, Indiana New Amsterdam is a town in Washington Township in Harrison County in the state of Indiana, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 27 at the 2010 census. It is the smallest town in Indiana. Gallarate Gallarate (Lombard: "Galaraa") is a city in northern Italy. Gallarate is in the Lombardy Region. It has a population of 52,857 people. Alene Duerk Alene Bertha Duerk (March 29, 1920 – July 21, 2018) was a United States Navy admiral. She was born in Defiance, Ohio. She became the first female admiral in the U.S. Navy in 1972. She was also the director of the U.S. Navy Nurse Corps from 1970 to 1975. She was a 1974 recipient of a Distinguished Alumni Award of Case Western Reserve University's Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing. Duerk died in Lake Mary, Florida on July 21, 2018 at the age of 98. Busto Arsizio Busto Arsizio (; Lombard: "Büsti Grandi") is a city in northern Italy. Busto Arsizio is in the Lombardy Region. It has a population of 83,405 people. It is north of Milan. The economy of Busto Arsizio is based on industry and commerce. Pro Patria Calcio football club plays in Busto Arsizio. György Szepesi György Szepesi (5 February 1922 – 25 July 2018) was a Hungarian radio personality, journalist and sports executive. Szepesi was a Hungarian Olympic Committee member from 1962 to 2000, and was the Executive Committee Chairman for the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) from 1982 to 1994. He was Chairman of the Hungarian Football Association (HFA) from 1978 to 1986. He is honorary chairman of the HFA, and an honorary member of FIFA’s Executive Committee. Szepesi died on 25 July 2018 in Budapest at the age of 96. Tradate Tradate is a "comune" in northern Italy. Tradate is in the Lombardy Region. It has a population of 18,768 people. It is from the city of Varese (the province's capital). Rocket fuel Rocket propellant or rocket fuel means fuel for rockets. It may be in the form of solid, liquid or gas. Most rockets are chemical rockets propelled by fire. Most chemical rockets use two propellants: a fuel and an oxidizer. These two chemicals are sometimes mixed, and sometimes kept in separate containers. The Space Shuttle had solid fuel boosters with powdered aluminium as fuel and ammonium perchlorate as oxidant. The Space Shuttle main engines used liquid hydrogen as fuel and liquid oxygen as oxidant. A toy water rocket uses a gas, such as compressed air, as a propellant. Braunau Braunau may refer to: FC Petržalka 1898 FC Petržalka is a football club which plays in Slovakia. It is based in the capital, Bratislava. The football club was founded in 1898. Sankt Anton Sankt Anton (“Saint Anthony”) may refer to the following places in Austria: Sankt Anton im Montafon Sankt Anton im Montafon is a municipality in the Montafon valley in the district of Bludenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. It is a popular ski resort, and much of the population makes a living from tourism. Les Brenets Les Brenets was a municipality of the district of Le Locle in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland. Where did the residents go. On January 1, 2021, the residents were moved into the municipality of Le Locle. Le Cerneux-Péquignot Le Cerneux-Péquignot is a municipality of the district Le Locle in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland. Montreux (disambiguation) Montreux can mean: Escamps Escamps may refer to: Meredith Salenger Meredith Dawn Salenger (born March 14, 1970) is an American actress, who is best known for her role as Lainie Diamond in "Dream a Little Dream". For Disney, she played Natty Gann in "The Journey of Natty Gann", and a television news reporter named Natalie Gann in the 2009 movie "Race to Witch Mountain". She also did the voices of Barriss Offee and several characters in the animated series ', "Star Wars Rebels", and Aurora Six in "Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!". She also played Daphne in the ABC TV show "Grey's Anatomy", Amber Wheeler in "My Town", and did additional voices in '. Compressed air Compressed air is air stored under a pressure that is greater than atmospheric pressure. It is generally produced by an air compressor. Uses. Compressed air may be used for transfer of energy in industrial processes. Compressed air is used to power pneumatic tools. Compressed air is used to spray paint, to operate air cylinders for automation, and to propel vehicles. Railway brakes applied by compressed air make train travel safer. Compressed air brakes are also found on large road vehicles, such as trucks and buses. Matthias Ginter Matthias Ginter (born 19 January 1994) is a German footballer. He plays as a defender for Borussia Mönchengladbach. Ralph J. Lamberti Ralph J. Lamberti (born November 14, 1934) is an American politician. He was born in New York City. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Lamberti was borough president of Staten Island, New York from 1984 to 1989. James Molinaro James P. Molinaro (born March 11, 1931) is an American politician. He was the Borough President of Staten Island from 2002 to 2013. Molinaro first won election as Borough President on November 6, 2001 beating his Democratic opponent Councilman Jerome X. O'Donovan, with 50 percent to 43 percent. He took office on January 1, 2002. James Oddo James Steven Oddo (born January 12, 1966) is an American politician. He is a Republican politician from Staten Island. He was the Borough President of Staten Island from 2014 until 2022. Oddo was re elected Borough President on November 7, 2017 with 75.56% of the vote. Borough president Borough president is an office in each of the five boroughs of New York City. The office holds executive powers within each borough, and the five borough presidents also sat on the New York City Board of Estimate. Since 1990, the borough presidents have been stripped of a majority of their powers in the government of New York City. Borough presidents advise the mayor, comment on land-use items in their borough, advocate borough needs in the annual municipal budget process, appoint some officials and community board members, and serve "ex officio" as members of many boards and committees. Current borough presidents. The current borough presidents were either elected or re-elected in the most recent election in 2021: Boroughs of New York City New York City is made up of five county-level sections called "boroughs": Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, and Staten Island. All boroughs are part of New York City. Queens is the largest borough. Boroughs have existed since the official creation of the city in 1898, when the city and each borough assumed their current boundaries. However, the boroughs have not always been part with their respective counties. Before 1914, the borough of The Bronx had been earlier in the southern part of Westchester County which had then been annexed to New York County. Before 1899, the County of Queens included an eastern part, which was split off during the formation to become Nassau County. Each borough is represented by a Borough president. Robert Abrams Robert Abrams (born July 4, 1938) is an American lawyer and politician. He was the Attorney General of New York from 1979 to 1993 and the Democratic nominee for the U.S. Senate election in New York in 1992. He was the Borough president of The Bronx from 1970 to 1978. Rubén Díaz Jr. Rubén Díaz Jr. (born April 26, 1973) is an American politician. He was the Borough President of the Bronx in New York City. He was elected in April 2009 and reelected in 2013 and 2017. His father is politician Rubén Díaz Sr.. Eric Adams Eric Leroy Adams (born September 1, 1960) is an American politician. Adams is the Mayor of New York City since 2022. He was the Borough President of Brooklyn, New York City. Before, he was a Democratic State Senator in the New York Senate, representing the 20th Senate District. On November 5, 2013, Adams was elected Brooklyn Borough President, the first African-American to hold the position. Before becoming a politician, he was a police officer for the New York City Police Department for 22 years. Early life. Adams was born in Brooklyn, on September 1, 1960. He graduated from Bayside High School in Queens in 1978. He worked as a mechanic and a mailroom clerk at the Brooklyn District Attorney's office. He studied at New York City College of Technology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice and Marist College. Adams was diagnosed with dyslexia while in college. Police career. Before entering politics, Adams was a police officer in the New York City Police Department (NYPD) for 22 years. He started in the New York City Transit Police. He co-founded 100 Blacks in Law Enforcement Who Care, an advocacy group for black police officers, and often spoke out against police brutality and racial profiling. Brooklyn Borough President (2013–2021). On November 5, 2013, Adams was elected Brooklyn Borough President with 90.8 percent of the vote, more than any other candidate for borough president in New York City that year. In 2017, he was elected with 83.0 percent of the vote. In both of his campaigns, he was unopposed in the Democratic primaries. Mayor of New York City (since 2022). Campaign. In November 2020, Adams announced his candidacy for Mayor of New York City in the 2021 election. On July 6, Associated Press announced that he won the Democratic primary. Adams was elected mayor on November 2, 2021. Adams supports cryptocurrency and blockchain technology. On November 4th, 2021, he tweeted that he wants to take his first three paychecks as Mayor in bitcoin, and that New York City would be "the center of the cryptocurrency industry and other fast-growing, innovative industries." He also believes young students should be taught about cryptocurrency. He said "We must open our schools to teach the technology, to teach this new way of thinking when it comes down to paying for goods and services." Tenure. Adams took office at midnight in Times Square on 1 January 2022, holding a picture of his late mother, Dorothy, while being sworn in. He became the city's second mayor of color to hold the position and the first since David Dinkins left office in 1993. On his first day in office, Adams rode the New York City Subway to City Hall. On the subway ride, Adams witnessed a street fight and called 9-1-1. Eight days into Adam's tenure as Mayor, an apartment fire in the Bronx killed 17 people including eight children. New York City had an increase in crime during the first months of Adams's tenure as Mayor. Because of the increase of crime, President Joe Biden and Attorney General Merrick Garland visited New York City and promised to work with Adams to crack down on homemade firearms, which lack traceable serial numbers and can be acquired without background checks. Adams has criticized the Black Lives Matter movement for not protesting against ongoing gun violence within the black community. Later in February, Adams created a zero-tolerance policy for homeless people sleeping in subway cars or in subway stations. He told police officers, assisted by mental health professionals, to remove homeless people from the subway system and taking them to homeless shelters or mental health hospitals. This plan was controversial. On April 11, 2022, Adams was diagnosed with COVID-19. While quarantined, a man shot 10 people on a Subway in Brooklyn. Personal life. Adams has never been married, but has a son, Jordan Coleman, with former girlfriend Chrisena Coleman. Adams is currently in a relationship with Tracey Collins. Marty Markowitz Martin "Marty" Markowitz (born February 14, 1945) is an American politician. He is a former Borough President of Brooklyn, New York City. He was first elected in 2001 after being a New York State Senator for 23 years. His third and final term ended in December 2013. Fernando Ferrer Fernando James "Freddy" Ferrer (born April 30, 1950) is an American politician. He was the Borough President of The Bronx from 1987 to 2001, and was a candidate for Mayor of New York City in 2001 and the Democratic Party nominee for Mayor in 2005. Gale Brewer Gale Arnot Brewer (born September 6, 1951) is an American politician. She was the Borough President of the New York City borough of Manhattan and a Democratic politician. She was a member of the New York City Council. She was elected Manhattan Borough President on November 5, 2013. Scott Stringer Scott M. Stringer (born April 29, 1960) is an American politician. He was the New York City Comptroller and a New York Democratic politician. He was the 26th Borough President of Manhattan. In September 2020, he announced his plans to run for Mayor of New York City for the 2021 election. C. Virginia Fields C. Virginia Fields (born August 6, 1945) is an American politician. She is the former Borough President of Manhattan, elected in 1997 and reelected in 2001. Her second term expired at the end of 2005. Ruth Messinger Ruth Wyler Messinger (born November 6, 1940) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party as well as the Democratic Socialists of America. She was the Democratic nominee for Mayor of New York City in 1997 losing to Rudy Giuliani. Messinger was the 24th Borough President of Manhattan from 1990 to 1997. In 2015 she was named as one of "The Forward" 50 along with Senator Bernie Sanders. Melinda Katz Melinda R. Katz (born August 19, 1965) is an American politician. She was the 19th Queens Borough President from 2014 to 2020. Katz was a New York City Councilwoman from 2002 to 2009. She left politics in 2009 to work at a law firm. In 2012, she announced her return to politics with a run for Queens Borough President in 2013. In June 2019, Katz won the Democratic nomination for Queens County's District Attorney, and won the general election in November 2019. Imagawayaki is a Japanese dessert often found at Japanese festivals in Kanto. Traditionally it is filled with sweet azuki bean paste, but a wider variety of fillings can be used. Its name came from its original shop location, the Imagawa Bridge, in the Edo Period. It is known as Obanyaki in Kansai or Jimanyaki in Nagano. Queen (Nicki Minaj album) Queen is the fourth studio album by by Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj. It was released on August 10, 2018, through Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records and Republic Records. It is Minaj's first album in nearly four years, following "The Pinkprint" (2014). Critical reception. "Queen" was met with generally favorable reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 70, based on 22 reviews. Track listing. Notes Sample credits Personnel. Credits adapted from "Queen" album liner notes. Hillerød Hillerød is a city in Denmark. It's nearby Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark. Hillerød has a castle named Frederiksborg castle (). Minecart is a short story written by Ryūnosuke Akutagawa. It was published in 1922. It is a story about a young boy who experiences the adult world for a short amount of time. Many junior high school students in Japan study this short story in class. In 2009, a movie based on this story was released. Plot. Construction of a light railway has begun between Odawara and Atami, two towns in east Japan. At the construction site, workers are using minecarts for transporting earth and sand. Ryōhei, aged eight, is interested in these minecarts. One day, he pushes one of the minecarts with a construction worker. At the beginning, he is very excited. But as it gets late in the day, he starts to worry about how he will get home. After a while, the construction worker tells him to go home because it is late. Ryōhei runs down a dark hill road thinking “I just don’t want to die”. As soon as he comes back home, he bursts into tears. He becomes an adult and moves to Tokyo. He looks back on that time. He is tired of everyday life. Without any reason, he sometimes dreams of the dark hill road. The story is set between Odawara and Atami. The boy describes seeing the sea on his right as he heads away from his home, and on his left on the way back. Because of this, it seems that he was moving toward Odawara from Atami. Additional information. Rikiishi Heizo was a journalist from Yugawara, a town between Atami and Odawara. The Atami light railway was under construction when he was a boy. Construction workers changed a human-powered railway into a light railway. Rikiishi looked back on his memory of watching this construction work and wrote it down. The story’s author, Akutagawa, embellished Rikiishi’s writing to make the story. Krysten Ritter Krysten Alyce Ritter (born December 16, 1981) is an American actress, musician, writer and model. She is best known for her roles as lead superheroine Jessica Jones on the Marvel Cinematic Universe series "Jessica Jones" and the crossover miniseries "The Defenders", Jane Margolis on the AMC drama series "Breaking Bad" and Chloe on the ABC comedy series "Don't Trust the B---- in Apartment 23". She has also had roles in the television series "Veronica Mars", "Gilmore Girls" and "Gossip Girl". She has also acted in movies such as "What Happens in Vegas" (2008), "27 Dresses" (2008), "She's Out of My League" (2010), "Veronica Mars" (2014) and "Big Eyes" (2014). Ritter is one half of indie rock duo Ex Vivian, performing guitar and singing. Her first novel, "Bonfire", a psychological thriller was released on November 7, 2017. Ritter was born in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania. She grew up on a farm outside Shickshinny, Pennsylvania. She is of German, Scottish and English ancestry. She lives in Los Angeles, California. 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Final The 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Final was the final game of the women's soccer tournament to determine the winners of the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, It took place on July 5, 2015, at BC Place, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was played between Japan and the United States, this was also a rematch of the 2011 final which Japan won on penalties. The United States won 5–2, winning its first title in sixteen years and becoming the first team to win three Women's World Cup finals. Match. Details. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Bedford Vehicles Bedford Vehicles, usually shortened to just Bedford, was a brand of vehicle produced by Vauxhall Motors. It was ultimately owned by General Motors (GM). The brand was established in 1930 and built commercial vehicles. Bedford Vehicles was a leading international lorry brand. It had substantial export sales of light, medium, and heavy lorries throughout the world. It was GM Europe's most profitable venture for several years. Bedford's core heavy trucks business was sold off as AWD Ltd in 1987 but the Bedford brand continued to be used on light commercial vehicles and car-derived vans based on Vauxhall/Opel, Isuzu and Suzuki designs. The brand was retired in 1991. After this, GM Europe's light commercial vehicles were branded as either Vauxhall or Opel, depending on the market. Manish Sisodia Manish Sisodia (born 5 January 1972) is an Indian politician. He has been the Deputy Chief Minister of Delhi since February 2015. He was a cabinet minister in the Government of Delhi between late December 2013 and February 2014. Sisodia was a social activist, journalist and a member of the National Executive Committee of the Aam Aadmi Party. Early life and career. Sisodia is a son of a teacher. He started his career as a journalist. He hosted a program called "Zero Hour" for All India Radio in 1996 and then worked for Zee News as a news producer and reader between 1997-2005. Political career. Sisodia became a member of Political Affairs Committee of Aam Aadmi Party. He was elected as a Member of the Legislative Assembly in December 2013 Delhi Assembly election. He was re-elected in the February 2015 Delhi Assembly election. Schwanden Schwanden can mean: Chigny Chigny can mean: Franqueville Franqueville may refer to several communes in France: Aisne (disambiguation) Aisne can mean: Eure (disambiguation) Eure can mean: Dordogne (disambiguation) Dordogne can mean: Oise (disambiguation) Oise is a department in the north of France. Oise may also refer to: Somme (disambiguation) Somme can mean: Gironde (disambiguation) Gironde is a department in southwestern France. Gironde may also refer to: Aveyron (disambiguation) Aveyron is a department in southern France. Aveyron may also refer to: Alfredo del Águila Alfredo del Águila Estrella (3 January 1935 – 26 July 2018) was a Mexican football player. He was born in Mexico City. He played for Mexico in the 1962 FIFA World Cup. He also played for Deportivo Toluca. Del Águila died on 26 July 2018 at the age of 83. Commerzbank Commerzbank AG is a major German bank operating as a universal bank, headquartered in Frankfurt am Main. In the 2019 financial year, the bank was the second largest in Germany by the total value of its balance sheet. The bank is present in more than 50 countries around the world and provides almost a third of Germany's trade finance. In 2017, it handled 13 million customers in Germany and 5 million customers in Central and Eastern Europe. Commerzbank is a member of the Cash Group. 15% of the shares are owned by the Federal Republic of Germany and 85% are in free float. The bank has been subject to several corruption investigations, paying $US1.5 billion in fines in 2015. Loir (disambiguation) Loir can mean: Isère (disambiguation) Isère can mean: Sarthe (disambiguation) Sarthe can mean: Tarn (disambiguation) Tarn can mean: Marcel Amont Marcel Jean-Pierre Balthazar Miramon (born April 1, 1929 in Bordeaux) is a French singer and actor of the 1960s and 1970s. Amont also recorded in Occitan and promoted Bearn culture from the 1950s. He is a singer of great artistic career, being one of the most popular in France, and the most prolific of the French language with many years of career. He has sold 300 million albums, has recorded 30 albums, 79 singles 126 ep, 11 compilations and about 1,000 songs in different languages (English, Italian, Portuguese, Chinese, German, Irish and Spanish). He is famous for having performed songs by composers such as Georges Brassens, Léo Ferré and Georges Moustaki. Inspired by American pop and jazz in the style of Frank Sinatra, Tony Bennett and Andy Williams. He recorded international hits such as "Blue, bland, blond", "L'amour ça fait passer le temps", "Ballade pour l'espagnol", "Le plus beau tango du monde" and "Cathy, fais-moi danser". His famous song entitled "Le Mexicain" reached number 1 on the charts in France. He has also made movies and is director of soundtracks. Phoenix Islands The Phoenix Islands or Rawaki are a group of eight atolls and two submerged coral reefs, lying in the central Pacific Ocean east of the Gilbert Islands and west of the Line Islands. They are a part of the Republic of Kiribati. Brian Kemp Brian Porter Kemp (born November 2, 1963) is an American politician and businessman. He has been the 83rd Governor of Georgia since 2019. Kemp was born in Athens, Georgia to a family that had been in politics for a long time. Some of his ancestors owned plantations with many slaves. He studied at University of Georgia. As a member of the Republican Party he was a state senator from 2003 to 2007, then became the 27th Secretary of State of Georgia from January 2010 to November 2018. Kemp was the Republican nominee in the 2018 Georgia gubernatorial election. He defeated Stacey Abrams in the general election in November 2018, but the election was controversial and many newspapers reported that he cheated. Ryghteous Ryan Tedder Ryan Matthew Tedder, pka "Ryghteous Ryan", (not to be confused with Ryan Tedder, American music producer and member of OneRepublic) is an American music producer, songwriter and record label founder from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. At the age of seven Ryan was playing the drums for his church services and quickly picked up piano, learning to play by ear. His love of music evolved into production as Ryan began documenting his talent on YouTube, garnering +1 million views all while attending Berklee College of Music. Leveraging his experience, Ryghteous Ryan launched then music production company, Upscale Music Group, which has grown into a full-service record label. As Ryan built his discography with production credits for major artists like Jennifer Lopez, Ariana Grande, Meghan Trainor and Wiz Khalifa, he also took 13 year old singer/songwriter, Jaira Burns, under his wing. In 2016, Jaira Burns signed to Upscale Music Group / Interscope Records and releasing her debut EP "Burn Slow" on July 27, 2018. Youth Parliament The Youth Parliament is a youth organisation in the India. Formed to develop skill and awareness among the youth. Members meet regularly to hold debates and plan campaigns. History. Youth Parliament was launched in 2008 at Delhi. Annual Youth Parliament competitions are organized nationally. Adem Demaçi Adem Demaçi (26 February 1936 – 26 July 2018) was a Kosovo-Albanian politician, writer and activist. He was born in Podujevë, Yugoslavia. Demaçi was first arrested for his opposition to the authoritarian government of Josip Broz Tito in 1958, serving three years in prison. He was Chairman of the Council for the Defense of Human Rights and Freedoms of the People of Kosovo from 1991 to 1995. He was editor-in-chief of "Zëri", a magazine based in Prishtina, from 1991 to 1993. He was the president of the Parliamentary Party of Kosovo from 1996 to 1998. Demaçi died in Prishtina, Kosovo on 26 July 2018 at the age of 82. Mary Ellis Mary Ellis (née Wilkins; 2 February 1917 – 24 July 2018) was a British ferry pilot. She was one of the last surviving British women pilots from the Second World War. She was born in Leafield, Oxfordshire. She fought with the Royal Air Force and the Air Transport Auxiliary. Ellis died on 24 July 2018 in Sandown, Isle of Wight, aged 101. Tony Cloninger Tony Lee Cloninger (August 13, 1940 – July 24, 2018) was an American baseball player. He was born in Cherryville, North Carolina. Cloninger played in the Major League Baseball as a starting pitcher for the Milwaukee and Atlanta Braves (1961–68), the Cincinnati Reds (1968–71), and the St. Louis Cardinals (1972). Cloninger batted and threw right-handed. He also coached the New York Yankees from 1992 to 2001 and the Boston Red Sox from 2002 to 2003. Cloninger died on July 24, 2018 in Denver, Colorado from an aortic dissection at the age of 77. Cherryville, North Carolina Cherryville is a small city in northwestern Gaston County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 5,760 at the 2010 census. Cherryville is located about west of Charlotte and northwest of Gastonia. Gastonia, North Carolina Gastonia is the largest city and county seat of Gaston County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 71,741 at the 2010 Census. It is part of the Charlotte metropolitan area. Kane Tanaka was a Japanese supercentenarian. She was the world's oldest verified living person from 22 July 2018 until her death on 19 April 2022. She is the second-oldest verified person in the world (behind Jeanne Calment) and oldest verified Japanese and Asian person ever, after passing the record of Nabi Tajima in September 2020. Biography. Tanaka lived in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. She credited family, sleep and hope as her secrets for long age. She was married to Hideo Tanaka from 1922 until his death in 1993. They had five children. She married Hideo Tanaka at age 19 and was in charge of an udon noodle shop when her husband and eldest son Nobuo were sent to fight in World War II. After the war, she and her husband became Christians and ran a rice shop together. She lived through all five imperial reigns that make up modern day Japan, with the first, the Meiji era, having ended in 1912. Tanaka said that she would like to live to the age of 120, saying her faith in God, family, sleep, hope, eating good food, and practicing mathematics has helped her live a long life. Her long life along with that of Jeanne Calment and Sarah Knauss has created the debate that the maximum lifespan for humans could be 115–125 years. Tanaka was supposed to hold the Olympic torch at the 2020 Summer Olympics, but decided not to because of an increase in COVID-19 cases in Japan. Tanaka died in a hospital in Fukuoka, on 19 April 2022, nine days after becoming the second oldest verified person ever. Her death was announced on 25 April. Her funeral was held on 29 April 2022. 2018 Pakistani general election Pakistanis go to the polls on Wednesday, July 25, to elect another National Assembly for a five-year term. But instead of prospectively celebrating the second peaceful transition of power from one civilian government to another—which in the case of Pakistan is an important marker indeed—the general mood among observers appears to be one of great concern. General elections were held in Pakistan on 25 July 2018 to elect the members of the 15th National Assembly and to the four Provincial Assemblies of Pakistan. Most of the opinion polls suggested an overall Pakistan Muslim League (N) lead with Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) being the close second. Many people are believing that the Pakistani courts and military are rigging the votes in favor of the PTI and against the PML (N). Pakistan Tahreek e Insaaf party leader Imran Khan leads in early poll results despite calls of corruption. The allegations were denied by the Election Commission of Pakistan. On July 27, election officials declared that Khan's party had won 109 of the 269 seats, giving PTI a majority in the National Assembly thus making Khan Prime Minister-elect. On August 15, Asad Qaiser elected as Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan and Qasim Suri as Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan. On August 17, Imran Khan elected as Prime Minister of Pakistan Synthetic material Synthetic materials are created by people through chemical engineering. This differentiates them from natural materials, such as wood. The raw materials (such as oil) used for the production of many synthetic materials come from nature. The best-known synthetic materials are plastics, derived from polymers. Raymond Cruz Raymond Cruz (born July 9, 1961) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Detective Julio Sanchez in the police procedural "The Closer" and its spin-off "Major Crimes", and as the drug lord Tuco Salamanca in the crime drama "Breaking Bad" and its spin-off "Better Call Saul". He has also appeared in the movies "Under Siege" (1992), "Clear and Present Danger" (1994), "The Substitute" (1996), "" (1997) and "Training Day" (2001). Cruz was born in Los Angeles, California. He is of Mexican ancestry. He is married to Simi Cruz. Sila María Calderón Sila María Calderón Serra (born September 23, 1942) is a Puerto Rican politician and businesswoman. She was the eighth Governor of Puerto Rico from 2001 to 2005. She was the first, and as of 2021, the only woman elected to that office. Calderón was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico. List of female governors in the United States As of 2018, more than forty women were Governors of U.S. States or Puerto Rico. They had been state or U.S. territory Governors. Past United States Governors include Nellie Tayloe Ross, Ella T. Grasso, Judy Martz, Kay A. Orr, Barbara Roberts and Ann Richards. States that have never had a female Governor are: Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New York, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia and Wisconsin. As of 2019, the states of Alabama, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Michigan, New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Dakota, the territories of Guam and Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia all have female Governors or executives. Komi Sélom Klassou Komi Sélom Klassou (born February 10, 1960) is a Togolese politician. He was the Prime Minister of Togo from 2015 to 2020. He was born in the commune of Notsé, in Haho. He has a university degree in geography and is a doctor in hydro-climatology. He occupied the ministries of Culture, Youth, Sport and Education and then vice-presidency of the National Assembly before being appointed Prime Minister on June 5, 2015, by President Faure Gnassingbé, following the presidential election. He formed his government of 22 members (including 4 women) after his election and made the list public on June 28, 2015. Taneti Maamau Taneti Mamau (born 16 September 1960) is the President of Kiribati since 11 March 2016. Kay A. Orr Kay A. Orr (born January 2, 1939) was an American politician. She was born in Burlington, Iowa. Orr was the 36th Governor of Nebraska from 1987 to 1991. She is a member of the Republican Party. César Villanueva César Villanueva Arévalo (born August 5, 1946) is a Peruvian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Peru from April 2018 through March 2019, and previously served as Prime Minister from 2013 to 2014. On 26 November 2019, he was arrested preventatively, while being investigated for alleged influence peddling in a bribery case linked to Brazilian construction giant Odebrecht. Rockport, Massachusetts Rockport is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 6,952 at the 2010 census. Rockport is located near northeast of Boston. Saulius Skvernelis Saulius Skvernelis (born 23 July 1970) is a Lithuanian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Lithuania from 2016 until 2020. He is also a member of the Seimas. Previously he served as police commissioner, and he was Minister of the Interior from 2014 to 2016. Rockport Rockport can mean: Rock Port, Missouri Rock Port is a city in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is the county seat of Atchison County. In 2010, 1,318 people lived there. Nièvre (disambiguation) Nièvre can mean: Orne (disambiguation) Orne can mean: Loiret (disambiguation) Loiret can mean: Ardèche (disambiguation) Ardèche can mean: Ain (disambiguation) Ain can mean: Seine (disambiguation) The Seine is a river in France. Seine may also refer to: Cantal (disambiguation) Cantal, a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-central France Cantal may also refer to: Moselle (disambiguation) Moselle can mean: Meurthe Meurthe can mean: Essonne (disambiguation) Essonne can mean: Bonningues Bonningues is the name of two communes in Pas-de-Calais: Gommecourt Gommecourt is the name of two communes in France: Grenay Grenay is the name of two communes in France: Grigny Grigny is the name of three communes in France: Éterpigny Éterpigny is the name of two communes in France: Héricourt Héricourt may refer to: Menneville Menneville is the name of two communes in France: Méricourt Méricourt is the name of several communes in France: Marquay Marquay is the name of two communes in France: Rocquigny Rocquigny is the name of three communes in France: Moyenneville Moyenneville is the name of three communes in France: Senlis (disambiguation) Senlis is a commune in the Oise department of France. Senlis may also refer to: Sainte-Austreberthe Sainte-Austreberthe ("Saint Austrebertha") is the name of two communes in France: Ramecourt Ramecourt is the name of two communes in France: Altdorf Altdorf, German for "old village", can mean: In France: In Germany: In Switzerland: In Poland (German name): Faramans Faramans is the name of two communes in France: Cuzieu Cuzieu is the name of two communes in France: Lapeyrouse Lapeyrouse is the name of several communes in France: La Sagne La Sagne is a municipality in La Chaux-de-Fonds in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland. The municipality is in the eastern part of the Vallée de La Sagne et des Ponts-de-Martel. John Banks Elliott John Banks Elliott (9 February 1917 – 18 July 2018) was a Ghanaian diplomat and statesman. He was Ghana's first Ambassador to the Soviet Union, from 1960 to 1966. He was born in Cape Coast, Ghana. Elliott died of cardiopulmonary arrest in Accra on 18 July 2018 at the age of 101. María Concepción César María Concepción César (born María Concepción Cesarano; 25 October 1926 – 26 July 2018) was an Argentine actress, singer and dancer. Her first movie was "Pampa Bárbara" with her uncle, actor Francisco Petrone. Her best known movies are "Savage Pampas" (1945) and "Rosaura a las 10" (1958). She was born in Buenos Aires. César died of complications from Alzheimer's disease on 27 July 2018 in Buenos Aires at the age of 91. Aloyzas Kveinys Aloyzas Kveinys (9 July 1962 — 26 July 2018) was a Lithuanian chess player. He was awarded the Grandmaster title in 1992. He was born in Mažeikiai, Lithuania. Kveinys was awarded the Soviet Master of Sport title for chess in 1981. He won the Lithuanian championship 5 times: in 1983 (shared with Eduardas Rozentalis), 1986, 2001 (shared with Šarūnas Šulskis), 2008 and 2012. In 2010 he won a tournament in Moss, Norway. Marco Aurelio Denegri Marco Aurelio Denegri Santagadea (16 May 1938 – 27 July 2018) was a Peruvian intellectual, literature critic and sexologist. He made many important works to the linguistics of Spanish. During the 1970s, Denegri was the director of the magazine "Revista Científica y Artística de Cultural Sexual - Fáscinum". Its first issue was published in April 1972. From 1997 to 2000 he hosted the TV show "A solas con Marco Aurelio Denegri" on cable channel Cable Mágico Cultural. Abdul El-Sayed Abdulrahman Mohamed El-Sayed (born October 31, 1984), known as Abdul El-Sayed, is an American politician. He is a candidate for Governor of Michigan, running as a Democrat. El-Sayed is an Executive Director of the Detroit Health Department and Health Officer for the City of Detroit from 2015 to 2017. His essays on public health policy have also been published in "The New York Times", On February 9, 2017, the "Detroit News" reported that El-Sayed would resign as health director to run for governor of Michigan in the 2018 Democratic Party primary. El-Sayed has received support from many politicians and groups, including Senator Bernie Sanders, Democratic congressional nominee Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Women's March Organizer Linda Sarsour, and by Our Revolution. Vladimir Voinovich Vladimir Nikolayevich Voinovich, also spelled Voynovich (, 26 September 1932 – 27 July 2018) was a Russian writer, poet, playwright and journalist. He was a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Department of Language and Literature. He was known for his works "The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin" (1969–2007), "Moscow 2042" (1986) and "Monumental Propaganda" (2000). Voinvich was born in Stalinabad, Tajik SSR. Voinovich died in Moscow on 27 July 2018 from a heart attack at the age of 85. Multiple-camera setup The multiple-camera setup, multiple-camera mode of production, multi-camera or simply multicam is a method of filmmaking and video production. Several cameras-either movie or professional video cameras-are employed on the test simultaneously record or broadcast a scene. It is often contrasted with single-camera setup, which uses one camera. 2016 United States presidential election in Connecticut The 2016 United States presidential election in Connecticut was held on 8 November 2016. It was part of the 2016 United States presidential election, in which all other states plus the District of Columbia voted. In the presidential election, Hillary Clinton defeated Donald Trump and received 7 electoral votes. Presidential. Polling. Below is a table with the polling results in Connecticut. Connecticut has voted Democrat in the general election since 1992. Primaries. Democratic. The Democratic primary occurred on 26 April 2016. Republican. The Republican primary occurred on 26 April 2016. Yubeshi Yubeshi is a kind of japanese confection ("sweets"). Yubeshi is made in different shapes. Usually it is made with rice or rice flour, some nuts and a citrus fruit, often Yuzu. Walnuts are commonly used. Making Yubeshi is a lot of work. Heptane Heptane is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is an alkane with seven carbon atoms. It is used in fuels and is in gasoline. Hexane Hexane is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is an alkane with 6 carbon atoms. "Hexane" can mean any of the 5 structural isomers (meaning compounds with the same chemical formula but a different shape) it has. IUPAC naming says that "hexane" only means the isomer with no branches, with the other 4 having different names. There is a lot of hexene in gasoline. Pure hexane has no color and is quite unreactive. Adam Gregg Adam Gregg (born April 26, 1983) is an American politician. He is the 47th Lieutenant Governor of Iowa since 2019. From 2017 to 2019, he was acting Lieutenant Governor of Iowa. Gregg was the Republican nominee for attorney general in 2014. He is a member of the Republican Party. Gregg was born in Hawarden, Iowa. He studied at Central College and at Drake University Law School. Gregg is a former Public Defender of Iowa. Enceladus Enceladus is one of the Giants of Greek mythology. Wave speed Wave speed is a wave property which may mean only one of several things: which may refer to absolute value of: Phase velocity The phase velocity of a wave is the rate at which the phase of any one frequency component of the wave travels. Any given phase of the wave (for example, the crest) will appear to travel at the phase velocity. The phase velocity is given in terms of the wavelength (lambda) and wave period as 2014 FIFA World Cup Final The 2014 FIFA World Cup Final was a football match that took place on 13 July 2014 at the Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to determine the 2014 FIFA World Cup champion. Germany defeated Argentina 1–0 in extra time, with the only goal being scored by Mario Götze. The match was the third final between the two countries, a World Cup record, after their 1986 and 1990 matches, and billed as the world's best player (Lionel Messi) versus the world's best team (Germany). Match. Details. <section begin=Final /><section end=Final /> <section begin=Lineups /> </includeonly><section end=Lineups /> Match rules: 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Final The 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Final is a future football match to decide the winner of the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup. It will be the eighth time the final is played for the FIFA Women's World Cup, a tournament for women's teams of the member countries of FIFA. The match will be played at the Parc Olympique Lyonnais in Décines-Charpieu, France, on 7 July 2019 between the United States, the champions last time, and the Netherlands, in their first final. The United States won 2–0, earning their second consecutive and fourth overall Women's World Cup title, with second-half goals scored by co-captain Megan Rapinoe from the penalty spot and Rose Lavelle. Both teams are the reigning winners of their confederation, with the United States having won the 2018 CONCACAF Women's Championship and the Netherlands having won UEFA Women's Euro 2017. Match. Details. <section begin=final /><section end=final /> <section begin=line-ups /> </includeonly><section end=line-ups /> Match rules East West Rail East West Rail is a major project to "establish a strategic railway connecting East Anglia with Central, Southern and Western England". In particular, it plans to build (or rebuild) a new line linking Oxford and Cambridge via Bicester, Milton Keynes (at Bletchley) and Bedford. It will largely use existing (but closed) railway lines. It will provides a route between any or all of the Great Western, Chiltern, West Coast, Midland, East Coast, West Anglia and Great Eastern main lines, avoiding London. The new line will provide a route for potential new services between and Ipswich or Norwich via , Didcot and Ely, using existing onward lines. The western section from Oxford to Bedford was approved by the Government in November 2011, with completion of this section expected by 2025. The segment from Oxford via Bicester Village to the junction with the Chiltern Main Line became operational in December 2016. Electrification of the line is not planned. Sections. The plan is divided into three sections: Kora Jackowska Kora Aleksandra Jackowska (Sipowicz) (8 June 1951 – 28 July 2018) was a Polish singer, musician, composer, voice actress and TV presenter. She was born in Kraków, Poland. She was the lead singer of the Polish rock band Maanam. Jackowska was the voice of Edna Mode in the Polish language dub of "The Incredibles". Jackowska died from ovarian cancer in Bliżów, Poland on 28 July 2018, at the age of 67. She was diagnosed with the disease in 2013. Bruce Lietzke Bruce Alan Lietzke (July 18, 1951 – July 28, 2018) was an American professional golfer. He was born in Kansas City, Missouri. He won 13 tournaments on the PGA Tour between 1977 and 1994, including two victories in the Canadian Open. His best finish in a major championship was at the 1991 PGA Championship where he finished second behind John Daly. He had seven victories on the Champions Tour. He played in the 1981 Ryder Cup. In April 2017 Lietzke was diagnosed with an aggressive form of brain cancer. He died from the disease on July 28, 2018 in Athens, Texas, aged 67. Theodore Edgar McCarrick Theodore Edgar McCarrick (born July 7, 1930) is a retired American archbishop and former cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the Archbishop of Washington D.C. from 2001 to 2006, and was promoted to cardinalate in 2001. From 1986 to 2000, he was the Archdoicese of Newark. McCarrick was born in New York City. He studied in Switzerland before transferring to Fordham University. In June 2018, McCarrick was removed from the public ministry by Pope Francis after it was discovered that McCarrick sexually abused a 16 year old boy in New York years ago. A few days later, three more men accused McCarrick of sexual abuse. A month later, another man from New Jersey accused McCarrick of sexual abuse. On July 27, 2018, Pope Francis ordered McCarrick to observe "a life of prayer" and accepted his resignation from the College of Cardinals. McCarrick became the first person to resign from the College of Cardinals since 1927 and the first cardinal to resign following allegations of sexual abuse. Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta (29 January 1945 – 16 January 2022), or as he is often known, IBK, was a Malian politician. He was the President of Mali from 2013 to 2020. He was the Prime Minister of Mali from 1994 to 2000. He was he President of the National Assembly of Mali from 2002 to 2007. In August 2020, he was taken hostage by a military coup and later resigned. Keïta died on 16 January 2022 at his home in Bamako, Mali at the age of 76. Roger Etchegaray Roger Marie Élie Etchegaray (; 25 September 1922 – 4 September 2019) was a French cardinal of the Latin Church of the Catholic Church. He was born in Espelette/Ezpeleta, Pyrénées-Atlantiques. Etchegaray was the archbishop of Marseille from 1970 to 1985 before entering the Roman Curia, where he was President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace (1984–1998) and President of the Pontifical Council "Cor Unum" (1984–1995). He was promoted to the rank of cardinal in 1979. On 24 December 2009 he was seriously injured in an unsuccessful attack on Pope Benedict XVI and was hospitalized with broken bones. In 2015, Cardinal Etchegaray fell in St. Peter's Basilica during Mass while greeting Pope Francis and broke his leg for the second time. Etchegaray was the oldest living cardinal for one day upon the death of José de Jesús Pimiento Rodríguez on 3 September 2019. He died the next day on 4 September 2019 in Cambo-les-Bains, France at the age of 96. José Saraiva Martins José Saraiva Martins, C.M.F., GCC (born 6 January 1932) is a Portuguese Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the Prefect Emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, having was prefect from 1998 to 2008. On 9 July 2008, Pope Benedict XVI accepted his resignation as prefect to be succeeded by Angelo Amato. Michael Michai Kitbunchu Michael Michai Kitbunchu (; born 25 January 1929) is a Thai prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Bangkok from 1973 to 2009 and was promoted to the cardinalate in 1983. He has been the Protopriest of the College of Cardinals since 14 December 2016. Carme Forcadell Maria Carme Forcadell i Lluís (born 29 May 1955) is a Catalan politician. She was the president of the Parliament of Catalonia (2015-2018). She was the Councilor of Sabadell City Council (2003-2007), and president of the Catalan National Assembly (2012-2015). Life. Carme Forcadell was born in 1956 in Xerta, a small village in Baix Ebre, on the coast of southern Catalonia, Spain. She studied philosophy and journalism at the Universitat Autònoma, and received a master's degree in Catalan philology. She worked as a teacher in the city of Sabadell, where she met her husband, a computer specialist. They have two children. Work. Forcadell entered politics in 1999, when she joined the ERC (Esquerra Republicana). In 2003 she became councilor of the municipal government of Sabadell, led by mayor Manuel Bustos. Later, she became the president of the Catalan National Assembly. Forcadell was speaker of the Catalan Parliament from 2015 until after the 2017 election. As a result of the Catalan campaign for independence and the referendum held on October 1st, 2017, she was put in the Spanish prison of Alcalá-Mecoprison. In July 2018 she was transferred to the Mas d’Enric prison near Tarragona in Catalonia. She was escorted by the Catalan police Mossos d’Esquadra, under the control of the Catalan government. Crowds formed a human chain on the road leading to the prison and covered the fences with yellow ribbons. The prison has green rooftops, large courtyards, and a view of the nearby forests and mountains. It was designed by architects AiB Estudi d'Arquitectes and Estudi PSP Arquitectura to create a "non-oppressive environment". Miss Earth 2018 Miss Earth 2018 is the 18th edition of the Miss Earth pageant. Karen Ibasco of the Philippines crowned Nguyễn Phương Khánh of Vietnam on November 3, 2018. Single-camera setup The single-camera setup, or single-camera mode of production, also known as Portable Single camera is a method of filmmaking and video production. The single-camera setup originally developed during the birth of the Classic Hollywood Cinema in the 1910s and has remained the standard mode of production for cinema; in television, both single cameras and multiple-camera productions are common. Kylian Mbappé Kylian Mbappé Lottin (; born 20 December 1998) is a French professional footballer. He plays as a forward for Paris Saint-Germain and the France national team. At the age of 19, he has been marked the best young player in the world. He is expected to be the world's best player in future. Mbappé made his senior debut for France in 2017. Before that he was representing them at under-17 and under-19 levels. At the 2018 FIFA World Cup, Mbappé became the youngest French player to score at a World Cup. He also became the second teenager, after Pelé, to score in a World Cup Final. France won the tournament and he was the second-highest goalscorer. He received the Best Young Player Award for his performances. Athens, Texas Athens is a city in Henderson County, Texas, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 12,710. It is the county seat of Henderson County. It was named after Athens, Alabama, by one of the early residents who came from there. People. Athens has 12,710 people living there. Frank Sutton Frank Spencer Sutton (October 23, 1923 – June 28, 1974) was an American actor. He was born in Clarksville, Tennessee. He was best known for his role as Gunnery Sergeant Vince Carter on the CBS television series "Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.". He enlisted in the U.S. Army during World War II. Sutton died of a heart attack on June 28, 1974 in Shreveport, Louisiana at the age of 50. Lynn, Massachusetts Lynn is a city in Massachusetts and the largest city in Essex County. It is near the Atlantic Ocean, north of the Boston city line at Suffolk Downs. Swampscott, Massachusetts Swampscott is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is located up the coast from Boston in an area known as the North Shore. The population was 13,787 as of the 2010 United States Census. Essex County, Massachusetts Essex County is a county in the northeastern part of the state of Massachusetts. As of the 2010 census, the total population was 743,159. It is the third-most populous county in the state. It is part of the Greater Boston area (the Boston–Cambridge–Newton, MA–NH Metropolitan Statistical Area). The largest city in Essex County is Lynn. The county was named after the English county of Essex. It has two traditional county seats: Salem and Lawrence. Escondido, California Escondido ( ) is a city located in San Diego County's North County region, northeast of Downtown San Diego, California. Created in 1888, it is one of the oldest cities in San Diego County. The city had a population of 143,911 in the 2010 census. DeKalb County, Illinois DeKalb County is a county located in the state of Illinois. As of the 2010 census, the population was 105,160. Its county seat is Sycamore. DeKalb County is part of the Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area. Kankakee County, Illinois Kankakee County is a county located in the state of Illinois. In the 2010 census, it has a population of 113,449. Its county seat is Kankakee. Kankakee County comprises the Kankakee, IL Metropolitan Statistical Area. Mettawa, Illinois Mettawa is a village in Lake County, Illinois, United States. It is dedicated to preserving open lands and low-density residential development. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 547. Harris Tweed Harris Tweed is a tweed cloth that is handwoven by islanders at their homes in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland, finished in the Outer Hebrides, and made from pure virgin wool dyed and spun in the Outer Hebrides. This definition, quality standards and protection of the Harris Tweed name are set out in the Harris Tweed Act 1993. This manufacture protects the reputation of a cloth which is famous for being wind-resistant. Tweed (cloth) Tweed is a rough, woollen fabric, usually with a plain weave, twill or herringbone pattern. Colour effects in the yarn are got by mixing dyed wool before it is spun. Tweeds are an icon of traditional Scottish and Irish clothing. It is good for informal outerwear, because the material is moisture-resistant and long-lasting. Tweeds are made to withstand harsh climates. They are worn for outdoor activities such as shooting and hunting. In Ireland, most tweed making is done in County Donegal. In Scotland tweed associated with the Isle of Harris. Nath Nath Sect (Nath Sampradaya in Hindi) is a religious sect under the "Shaiva sect" of Hinduism. Believed to be started with the origin of mythical god & incarnation of God Shiva "Dattatrey". Dattatrey is believed to be the founder or the "Aadi Guru" (first teacher) Nath sect. The Nath sect is a tradition which indulge and practice many types of magical traditions like Tantras (sorcery), Mantras (spells), Siddha (yoga) etc. It is believed that the Gorakhnath was also the saint from this clan. He added many new traditions into this tradition like Siddha Yoga. Naths are also associated with "Naga Sadhus" believed to be the saints of highest ranks though Naths have the highest prominence in the Saints hierarchy which is to be known around the whole India in hindu religious community. Gorakhnath (believed to be the last in Nath sect) himself was a incarnation of Shiva with many powers and the knowledge of wide ranges of bewitchment, mesmerism, spells, spellbinding, sorcery. Presently these types of practices are common mainly in Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. Someone who masters this type of practices can also be called a "Tantrik". Emily Rios Emily Clara Rios (born April 27, 1989) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her roles as Andrea Cantillo on the AMC series "Breaking Bad" and Adriana Mendez on the FX series "The Bridge". She had a starring role in the movie "Quinceañera" (2006). She has also had roles in the television series "ER", "House", "The Closer", "Grimm", "Criminal Minds" and "Snowfall". Rios was born in Los Angeles, California. She is the daughter of Mexican parents. She grew up in El Monte, California. James Rivière James Rivière (pseudonym of Vincenzo Teora Rivière) (born 1949) is an Italian artist, designer, and sculptor. He is particularly known for his jewellery designs, which are held in private collections and museums, including the Louvre, Victoria and Albert, and Vatican Museums. Art. James Rivière's creations include the fields of sculpture, painting, industrial design, fashion and architecture, however jewellery is his most important form of expression. He won the jewellery category of the Triennale di Milano in 1972 and 1973. A few examples of his creations are: Brickhouse Brown Frederick Seawright (August 11, 1960 – July 29, 2018) was an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name Brickhouse Brown. He was born in Wilmington, Delaware. He was a top heel in Southern promotions in the 1980s and 1990s. In March 1987, Brown went to Memphis, Tennessee to wrestling for Championship Wrestling Association. In April 1990, he won the USWA World Tag Team Championship with Sweet Daddy Falcone, defeating The Southern Rockers. Brown was diagnosed with prostate cancer in April 2017. He died on July 29, 2018 from the disease in Jackson, Mississippi at the age of 57. Brian Christopher Brian Christopher Lawler (January 10, 1972 – July 29, 2018) was an American professional wrestler. He was the son of professional wrestler Jerry "The King" Lawler. He was best known for his career in World Wrestling Entertainment, where he performed as Grand Master Sexay as one-half of the tag team Too Cool with Scotty 2 Hotty. In July 2018, he was arrested for a DUI and evading police in Memphis. On July 28, 2018, Christopher was found hanging at his jail cell. He was placed on life-support. He died the next day, aged 46. Geraint Thomas Geraint Howell Thomas, MBE (born 25 May 1986) is a professional racing cyclist who rides for the UCI WorldTeam , Wales and United Kingdom. Thomas has enjoyed success both on the track and on the road. On the track he was a specialist in the team pursuit. He won three world championships and was Olympic gold medalist twice, in 2008 and 2012. Thomas had an early success on the road at the 2004 Paris–Roubaix Juniors and later had senior victories at the 2010 British National Road Race Championships, the 2014 Commonwealth Games road race and his first classic, the 2015 E3 Harelbeke. He has also had a number of stage race overall victories; including the 2011 and 2014 Bayern-Rundfahrt, the 2016 Paris–Nice, the 2017 Tour of the Alps and the 2018 Critérium du Dauphiné. Thomas won the first stage of 2017 Tour de France, an individual time trial, to become the first Welshman, and only the eighth cyclist from the United Kingdom, to wear the yellow jersey at the Tour de France. On stage 9, when placed second overall, he crashed on a descent and broke his collarbone, forcing him to withdraw from the race. In the 2018 Tour de France, Thomas took the yellow jersey after winning stage 11, extended his lead after winning stage 12, and retained the lead for the remainder of the event, becoming the third British (and the first British born) cyclist, after Bradley Wiggins and Chris Froome, and the first Welshman, to win the Tour de France. Matthew Daddario Matthew Quincy Daddario (born October 1, 1987) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Alec Lightwood on the Freeform television series "Shadowhunters" (2016–present). He is the brother of actress Alexandra Daddario. Daddario was born in New York City. He studied at Indiana University Bloomington. Tazito Garcia Tazito Garcia is a Canadian actor based in Toronto. Garcia is best known for playing roles as Axel on an action-comedy movie "First Bust (2015)" and General Sevchenko on the movie "Battlefield: Divided We Stand". In 2015, he won an "Award of Excellence" in the Canada International Film Festival. Career. Garcia moved to Toronto in 2002 to pursue his career. In 2008, he appeared on a TV Movie "National Geographic Inside: Manhunt". In 2011, he directed and starred in a thriller movie "The Briefcase", which earned him the "Breakout Male Action Star" at the AOF International Film Festival held in Los Angeles. According to IMDB, in 2012, Garcia was cast in the lead role of the TV drama series "Resist666 (2012"). Subsequently, he was assigned as a stunt performer for 2 episodes of the "Resist666 (2012)". In 2016, Garcia starred in a Chinese action movie "Lost in the Pacific (2016)", where Garcia was the only Canadian actor selected to team up with the international cast. Manos Eleutheriou Manos Eleutheriou (; 12 March 1938 – 22 July 2018) was a Greek poet, lyricist and prose writer. He had written poetry collections, short stories, a novel, two novels and more than 400 songs. At the same time he worked as a columnist, publishing editor, illustrator and radio producer. In 1962, at the age of 24, he published his first poetic collection, "Sinoikismos". At the same time, he wrote the lyrics for "The train leaves at 8:00", which Mikis Theodorakis later toured. In October 1963 he began working at "Reader's Digest". Eleutheriou died on 22 July 2018 in Athens from a heart attack, aged 80. Oliver Dragojević Oliver Dragojević (7 December 1947 – 29 July 2018) was a Croatian pop singer-songwriter. He was born in Split, Croatia. He was thought to be one of the most well known musical stars and cultural icons in Croatia. His career lasted for forty years. His style blends traditional klapa melodies of Dalmatia with jazz motifs wrapped up in a modern production. He was one of the few Croatian musicians who has performed at major locations such as Carnegie Hall, Royal Albert Hall, Olympia (Paris) and Sydney Opera House. On 29 July 2018, Dragojević died from lung cancer in Split, aged 70. Tomasz Stańko Tomasz Ludwik Stańko (11 July 1942 – 29 July 2018) was a Polish trumpeter and composer. His work is described as free jazz and the avant-garde. He was born in Rzeszów, Poland. From 1984 he was a member of Cecil Taylor's big band. He was known for his work with pianist Krzysztof Komeda on Komeda's album "Astigmatic", recorded in early 1965. In 1968 Stańko formed a quintet that included Zbigniew Seifert on violin and alto saxophone, and in 1975 he formed the Tomasz Stańko-Adam Makowicz Unit. Stańko died in Warsaw on 29 July 2018 from lung cancer, aged 76. Vibeke Skofterud Vibeke Westbye Skofterud (20 April 1980 – 29 July 2018) was a Norwegian cross country skier. Skofterud was born in Askim, Norway. She won gold in the 4 x 5 km relay at Vancouver in 2010. Her best individual finish at the Winter Olympics was 8th in the 30 km event at Salt Lake City in 2002. In 2008, Skofterud said she was openly lesbian. She suffered from eating disorders. Skofterud was killed in a jet skiing accident on 29 July 2018 in Arendal, Norway, aged 38. Jet Ski Jet Ski is the brand name of a personal water craft (PWC) made by Kawasaki, a Japanese company. The term is often used in general to describe any type of personal watercraft used mainly for recreation. They were invented by Clayton Jacobson II. Askim Askim is a town and a municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The centre of the municipality is the town of Askim. Askim was created as a municipality on 1 January 1838. Askim is the largest population centre in Indre Østfold with 15,315 people living here (2012). It lies next to the longest river in Norway, Glomma, which forms the border with Spydeberg to the north and west, and Skiptvet to the south. Catherine Breillat Catherine Breillat (born 13 July 1948) is a French movie-maker and novelist. She tries to normalize previously taboo subjects in cinema. Breillat is known for movies that are about sexuality, relationships between men and women, intimacy and sibling rivalry. Her movies are part of the "New French Extremity", which uses violence and sexuality in shocking ways. Breillat was born in Bressuire, France. Steve Angello Steve Angello (aka Steve Josfesson Fragogiannis) is part quartet The Swedish House Mafia together with Eric Prydz, Sebastian Ingrosso and Axwell. He is a world-famous House producer, remixer and DJ, and currently is the co-owner of Size Records. Steve Angello grew up in a crime family in Athens, and watched his father die at 13 years of age. Determined not to follow the family's criminal traditions, music took the better of him. He started out as a Turntablist fusing hip-hop, breakbeats and 70's classics, in the club life of Stockholm. Chris Lake Chris Lake is a DJ/producer who first became recognized for his remixes of The Prodigy's "Climbatize", Leftfield's "Phat Planet", and The Eurythmics "Sweet Dreams". Since then, he has released many singles on labels such as Lost Language and 3 Beat Breaks. He also founded his own label, Cuba Recordings. Jillian Michaels Jillian Michaels (born February 18, 1974) is an American writer, businesswoman, personal trainer and television personality. She is best known for her appearances on NBC, in particular, "The Biggest Loser". "The Biggest Loser" began in October 2004. Michaels was also on the related TV series "Losing it with Jillian". Michaels was born in Los Angeles, California. Laidback Luke Lucas Cornelis van Scheppingen (born 22 October 1976), better known under his stage name Laidback Luke, is a Dutch DJ and music producer from Hoofddorp, North Holland. He was born in Manila, Philippines. He is also a martial artist. He remixed the song "Show Me Love" by Robin S. which charted at #11 on the UK charts in 2009. In 2012, Laidback Luke was nominated for the best European DJ award from the 27th Dance Music Awards. He appeared in the documentary movie "I'll Sleep When I'm Dead". The movie was nominated for Grammy Award. Wake Me Up! "Wake Me Up" is a song by Swedish DJ and record producer Avicii. It was released as the lead single from his debut studio album "True". It was written by Avicii, Mike Einziger, and Aloe Blacc. American soul singer Aloe Blacc provides vocals for the track Scott County, Iowa Scott County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. Cities in the county include Davenport, Bettendorf and Eldridge. Scott County is part of the Quad Cities area of southeastern Iowa and northwestern Illinois. List of governors of Missouri This is a list of governors of Missouri since its territory became part of the United States. Thirty-eight of the governors have been Democratic. Fifteen have been Republican. One has been Liberal Republican. As of 2018–19, Missouri has never had a female governor. Governors of Missouri. The most recent Governor to die was Joseph P. Teasdale (1936–2014). The most recently serving United States Governor of Missouri to die was Mel Carnahan (1934–2000). The oldest living Governor or former Governor of Missouri is Kit Bond (born 1939). Gonzales, Texas Gonzales is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. The population was 7,237 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Gonzales County. Van Wert, Ohio Van Wert is a city in and the county seat of Van Wert County, Ohio, United States. The city is in northwestern Ohio about 77 mi (123 km) SW of Toledo and 34 mi (54 km) SE of Fort Wayne, Indiana. The population was 10,846 at the 2010 census. Medina, Ohio Medina is a city in Ohio in the United States. It is the county seat of Medina County. Medina is about 33 mi (53 km) south of Cleveland and 23 mi (37 km) west of Akron. Medina County Medina County is the name of two counties in the United States: Cebuano (disambiguation) Cebuano may refer to: Van Wert Van Wert may refer to: Rumilly Rumilly is the name of several communes in France: Famechon Famechon is the name of two communes in France: Léchelle Léchelle is the name of two communes in France: Thièvres Thièvres is the name of two communes in France: Croisilles Croisilles may refer to several communes in France: Barly Barly is the name of two communes in France: Armancourt Armancourt is the name of two communes in France: Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act The Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 was a law created by the United States Congress. The law would make sanctions against South Africa and stated five conditions for lifting the sanctions that would end the system of apartheid. Most of the sanctions were repealed in July 1991 after South Africa took steps towards meeting the conditions of the act, with the very few last ones repealed in November 1993. President Ronald Reagan was against the bill saying that it would cause an "economic war". He vetoed the bill, but was the veto was overriden by both Republicans and Democrats. Isère (river) "For other uses, see" Isère (disambiguation) Isère is a river in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of southeastern France. It is a left-bank tributary of the Rhône. The Isère department is named after this river. Hans Kristian Amundsen Hans Kristian Amundsen (2 December 1959 – 29 July 2018) was a Norwegian newspaper editor and politician. He was a member of the Labour Party. In January 2011, he was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs. He was formerly the editor-in-chief of "Nordlys". Amundsen died on 29 July 2018 was found dead in the woods in Skoganvarre, Norway after his family reported him missing, aged 58. Abbas Duzduzani Abbas Duzduzani (Persian: عباس دوزدوزانی) (June 5, 1942 – July 29, 2018) was an Iranian politician. He was in the Mohammad-Ali Rajai cabinet. He was founder and first commander Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. He was born in Tabriz, Iran. He was the Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance from 1980 to 1981. Duzduzani died on July 29, 2018 in Tehran at the age of 76. Alexandre do Nascimento Alexandre do Nascimento (born 1 March 1925) is an Angolan Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was the Archbishop of Luanda from 1986 to 2001, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1983 by Pope John Paul II. He was born in Malanje, Portuguese Angola. On 10 August 1975, Nascimento was appointed the fourth bishop of Malanje by Pope Paul VI. Nascimento was kidnapped by guerrillas during a pastoral visit on 15 October 1982; he was later freed on 16 November of that same year after Pope John Paul II made an appeal for his release. Nascimento became the oldest living member of the College of Cardinals in August 2022, after the death of Jozef Tomko. Starved Rock State Park Starved Rock State Park is a state park in the U.S. state of Illinois. It is made by the many canyons within its . It is located just southeast of the village of Utica in LaSalle County, Illinois, along the south bank of the Illinois River. The park hosts over two million visitors annually, the most for any Illinois state park. North Utica, Illinois North Utica, often known as Utica, is a village in Utica Township, LaSalle County, Illinois. The population was 1,352 at the 2010 United States Census. It is part of the Ottawa–Streator Micropolitan Statistical Area. LaSalle County, Illinois LaSalle County is located in the North Central region of the U.S. state of Illinois. It has an estimated population of 111,241 as of 2014 and its county seat and largest city is Ottawa. Anderson, Texas Anderson is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Grimes County. Franklin County, Illinois Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. In the 2010 census, it has a population of 39,561. Its county seat is Benton. It is located in the southern portion of Illinois known locally as "Little Egypt". Waxahachie, Texas Waxahachie is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Ellis County. Tahoka, Texas Tahoka is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Lynn County. The population was 2,673 at the 2010 census. Goliad, Texas Goliad is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Goliad County. The population was 1,908 at the 2010 census. Lipscomb, Texas Lipscomb ( ) is a town in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Lipscomb County. The population was 44 at the 2000 census. Franklin County Franklin County is the name of several counties in the United States: Franklin County, Arkansas Franklin County is a county in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,125. The county has two county seats, Charleston and Ozark. The county was formed on December 19, 1837, and named for Benjamin Franklin, American statesman. High-speed rail in the United Kingdom High-speed rail in the United Kingdom is under development. There are both existing and proposed high-speed lines. Peyton List (actress, born 1986) Peyton List (born August 8, 1986) is an American actress and model. Her Disney roles include Sarah Wallis in "The Greatest Game Ever Played", Lorelei/Georgina Kent in the CBS/ABC Studios TV show "Ghost Whisperer", Tanya Adams in the ABC Studios TV show "Monk", Nicole Kirby in the ABC TV show "FlashFoward", and Emma Lundergren in the ABC TV show "Blood & Oil". 2014 FIFA World Cup Group C Group C of the 2014 FIFA World Cup consisted of Colombia, Greece, Ivory Coast, and Japan. Play began on 14 June and ended on 24 June 2014. Matches. Colombia vs Greece. <section begin=c1 /><section end=c1 /> Ivory Coast vs Japan. <section begin=c2 /><section end=c2 /> Colombia vs Ivory Coast. <section begin=c3 /><section end=c3 /> Japan vs Greece. <section begin=c4 /><section end=c4 /> Japan vs Colombia. <section begin=c5 /><section end=c5 /> Greece vs Ivory Coast. <section end=c6 /> 2014 FIFA World Cup Group D Group D of the 2014 FIFA World Cup had the following teams Uruguay, Costa Rica, England, and Italy. Games. Uruguay vs Costa Rica. <section begin=d1 /><section end=d1 /> England vs Italy. <section begin=d2 /><section end=d2 /> Uruguay vs England. <section begin=d3 /><section end=d3 /> Italy vs Costa Rica. <section begin=d4 /><section end=d4 /> Italy vs Uruguay. <section begin=d5 /><section end=d5 /> Costa Rica vs England. <section begin=d6 /><section end=d6 /> 2014 FIFA World Cup Group E Group E of the 2014 FIFA World Cup had the following teams Switzerland, Ecuador, France, and Honduras. The first game was on 15 June and the last was on 25 June 2014. Games. Switzerland vs Ecuador. <section begin=e1 /><section end=e1 /> France vs Honduras. <section begin=e2 /><section end=e2 /> Switzerland vs France. <section begin=e3 /><section end=e3 /> Honduras vs Ecuador. <section begin=e4 /><section end=e4 /> Honduras vs Switzerland. <section begin=e5 /><section end=e5 /> Ecuador vs France. <section begin=e6 /><section end=e6 /> 2014 FIFA World Cup Group F Group F of the 2014 FIFA World Cup had the following teams Argentina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Iran and Nigeria. The first game was played on 15 June and the last game was played on 25 June 201 Games. Argentina vs Bosnia and Herzegovina. <section begin=f1 /><section end=f1 /> Iran vs Nigeria. <section begin=f2 /><section end=f2 /> Argentina vs Iran. <section begin=f3 /><section end=f3 /> Nigeria vs Bosnia and Herzegovina. <section begin=f4 /><section end=f4 /> Nigeria vs Argentina. <section begin=f5 /><section end=f5 /> Bosnia and Herzegovina vs Iran. <section begin=f6 /><section end=f6 /> 2014 FIFA World Cup Group H Group H of the 2014 FIFA World Cup had the following teams Belgium, Algeria, Russia and South Korea. Games. Belgium vs Algeria. <section begin=h1 /><section end=h1 /> Russia vs South Korea. <section begin=h2 /><section end=h2 /> Belgium vs Russia. <section begin=h3 /><section end=h3 /> South Korea vs Algeria. <section begin=h4 /><section end=h4 /> South Korea vs Belgium. <section begin=h5 /><section end=h5 /> Algeria vs Russia. <section begin=h6 /><section end=h6 /> Russian Provisional Government The Russian Provisional Government () was a provisional government of Russia created after the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II of the Russian Empire on 2 March [15 March, New Style] 1917. The purpose of the provisional government was the creation of elections to the Russian Constituent Assembly and its convention. The government lasted only eight months and caused a "disorganized army". Michael P. DeLong Michael Phillip "Riffle" DeLong (March 15, 1945 – July 27, 2018) was a United States Marine Corps Lieutenant General. He was Deputy Commander, United States Central Command, MacDill Air Force Base, Florida. From 2000 until his retirement in 2003 (with over 36 years of service), Lieutenant General DeLong was Second-in-command to General Tommy Franks who as Commander of United States Central Command was in charge of the war on terror including Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq and Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. DeLong was awarded the Defense Distinguished Service Medal, two awards of the Defense Superior Service Medal, two awards of the Legion of Merit, two awards of the Distinguished Flying Cross, two awards of the Meritorious Service Medal, Air Medal with Flight Strike Numerals 69, Navy Achievement Medal and the Combat Action Ribbon. DeLong died of a heart attack in Treasure Island, Florida on July 27, 2018 at the age of 73. He will be buried at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia. Valerie Jarrett Valerie June Jarrett (née Bowman; born November 14, 1956) is an American businesswoman and former government official. She was the senior advisor to President of the United States Barack Obama and assistant to the president for public engagement and intergovernmental affairs from 2009 to 2017. Before, she was a co-chair of the Obama–Biden Transition Project. In March 2021, she became interim President of the Obama Foundation. Franklin County, Missouri Franklin County is a county in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 101,492. The county seat is Union. The county was founded in 1818 and is named after Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. Ibrahima Kassory Fofana Ibrahima Kassory Fofana (born 1954) is a Guinean politician. He was the Prime Minister of Guinea from 24 May 2018 until the 2021 coup d'état on 5 September 2021. Dickens, Texas Dickens is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Dickens County. The population was 286 at the 2010 census, down from 332 at the 2000 census. Félix Guattari Pierre-Félix Guattari ( , "feh-LEEX GWA-tah-rhee"; March 30, 1930 – August 29, 1992) was a French psychiatrist, philosopher, semiologist, and activist. He founded two fields called schizoanalysis and ecosophy, and is best known for his academic partnership with Gilles Deleuze, especially their two-part book "Capitalism and Schizophrenia". The first part of this is titled "Anti-Oedipus" and was published in 1972, and the second part is "A Thousand Plateaus", published in 1980. Life. Guattari was born in a suburb outside of Paris called Villeneuve-les-Sablons in 1930. He learned to practice a kind of psychology called psychoanalysis with his teacher Jacques Lacan in the early 1950s. He later worked at a psychiatric clinic called La Borde, which was his employer for the rest of his life. Guattari contributed to a communist newspaper in Paris called "La Voie Communiste" ("The Communist Way") from 1955 to 1965. He was politically active in France throughout the 1960s, and he met his academic partner Gilles Deleuze through his political work. Together, they published the two-part work "Capitalism and Schizophrenia" in 1972 and 1980. They also wrote many other works, including "What is Philosophy?" (1991). Guattari died at La Borde of a heart attack on 29 August 1992, aged 62. His partner Gilles Deleuze died three years later. Gatesville, Texas Gatesville is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Coryell County. The population was 15,751 at the 2010 census. The city has five of the eight prisons and state jails for women operated by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. One of the facilities, the Mountain View Unit, has the state's death row for women. Lampasas County, Texas Lampasas County ( ) is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 19,677. The county seat is Lampasas. Polk County, Texas Polk County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 45,413 people lived there. The county seat is Livingston. Bressolles Bressolles is the name of two communes in France: Polk County Polk County is the name of several counties in the United States: Crockett County Crockett County is the name of two counties in the United States: Ottawa County Ottawa County is the name of four counties in the United States: Ottawa County, Ohio Ottawa County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 41,428. The county seat is Port Clinton. The county is named either for the Ottawa Indians who lived there, or for an Indian word meaning "trader". Ottawa County was formed on March 6, 1840 from parts of Erie, Lucas and Sandusky counties. Lucas County Lucas County is the name of two counties in the United States: Lucas County, Ohio Lucas County is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio. It is bordered on the east by Lake Erie, and on the southeast by the Maumee River, which runs to the lake. As of the 2010 census, the population was 441,815. The county seat is Toledo, located at the mouth of the Maumee River on the lake. Lucas County was founded in 1835. Buenos Aires (disambiguation) Buenos Aires is the capital city of Argentina. Buenos Aires may also refer to: Concepción de Buenos Aires Concepción de Buenos Aires is a municipality in the state of Jalisco in central-western Mexico. Schopfheim Schopfheim is a town in Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is on the river Wiese, north of Rheinfelden, and east of Lörrach. Schönau im Schwarzwald Schönau im Schwarzwald is a town in Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is in the Black Forest, on the river Wiese, northeast of Basel, Switzerland, and south of Freiburg. It is also the birthplace of Germany men's football coach Joachim Löw. Argyle, Texas Argyle is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is a suburb of Fort Worth. God Is a Woman "God Is a Woman" (written in sentence case) is a song by American singer Ariana Grande, from her fourth studio album, "Sweetener" (2018). The song was released on July 13, 2018, as the second single from the album, after "No Tears Left to Cry". The song discusses the theme of God as a female. American singer Madonna is featured as the voice of God in the music video for the song. The song reached the top five of the charts in the UK, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, and Australia and reached the top ten in the US. Longview, Texas Longview is the forty-fifth largest city in the U.S. state of Texas. Steve Forbes Malcolm Stevenson "Steve" Forbes Jr. (; born July 18, 1947) is an American publishing executive. He ran for the nomination of the Republican Party for President of the United States two times. Forbes is the Editor-in-Chief of "Forbes". He ran in the 1996 and 2000 Presidential primaries. Kindergarten Cop 2 Kindergarten Cop 2 is a 2016 American direct-to-video comedy movie. It stars Dolph Lundgren and directed by Don Michael Paul. It is the standalone sequel to the 1990 comedy movie "Kindergarten Cop" which starred Arnold Schwarzenegger. Principal photography in Langley and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada took 102 days, from July 27 to November 6, 2015. The movie was released on direct-to-DVD in the United States on May 17, 2016. Synopsis. A federal agent must go undercover as a kindergarten teacher, to recover a missing flash drive from the Federal Witness Protection Program. Helping him with his mission is Agent Sanders, his partner, and Detective David Harris, his new sidekick, who comes out of retirement. Production. On June 1, 2015, it was reported that "The Garden" and "Half Past Dead" director Don Michael Paul will be directing the movie, and Arnold Schwarzenegger will not return as Detective John Kimble. Schwarzenegger announced that his character Detective John Kimble is now officially retired from being a kindergarten teacher and police officer. Schwarzenegger was replaced by Dolph Lundgren as a new character FBI Agent Zack Reed, and Paul hired Matthew Lillard who previously played as Detective David Harris in the original 1990 movie. Lillard agreed to return. On December 21, 2015, the 25th anniversary of the theatrical release of the original movie the first official photos of "Kindergarten Cop 2" were released via "About". Rob van Mesdag Robbert Hendrik van Mesdag (18 January 1930 – 18 July 2018) was a Dutch rower. He was born in Hilversum, the Netherlands. Mesdag won a bronze medal in the single sculls at the 1955 European Rowing Championships. He competed in this event at the 1952 Summer Olympics, but failed to reach the final. Death. Mesdag died in The Hague on 18 July 2018, aged 88. Andreas Kappes Andreas Kappes (23 December 1965 – 30 July 2018) was a German cyclist. He was a professional from 1987 to 2009, active on the road and on the track. He had total 133 wins, and, as an amateur, represented West Germany at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. He was born in Bremen, Germany. Kappes died from anaphylaxis caused by an insect bite, aged 52. Steve Bridges Steve Bridges (May 22, 1963 – March 3, 2012) was an American comedian, impressionist, and actor. He was known for his impressions of politicians, television characters and broadcasters including Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Don Knotts, Homer Simpson, Tom Brokaw, Paul Harvey, and Rush Limbaugh. On March 3, 2012, Bridges was found dead by his maid in his Los Angeles home, aged 48. His death was ruled an accident, with the probable cause "upper airway anaphylaxis” from a severe allergic reaction. Khayyam Mirzazade Khayyam Hadi oglu Mirzazade (; 5 October 1935 – 30 July 2018) was an Azerbaijani composer and professor. From 1957, he taught at Azerbaijan State Conservatoire. From 1969 to 1983, he was a manager of composition cathedra at Azerbaijan State Conservatoire. Khayyam Mirzazade is the author of symphonic and chamber compositions, music to drama spectacles and movies and lyric songs. On October 7, 2000 he was awarded with Shohrat Order by the President of Azerbaijan. Hélio Bicudo Hélio Pereira Bicudo (5 July 1922 – 31 July 2018) was a Brazilian jurist and politician. Hélio was Vice Mayor of São Paulo from 2001 to 2004, during the administration of Marta Suplicy. In 1986, Bicudo was candidate to the Senate by the PT, placing 3rd, after the elected Mário Covas and Fernando Henrique Cardoso, both from the PMDB. In 2015, he filed in the Chamber of Deputies an impeachment request against president Dilma Rousseff. Bicudo died on 31 July 2018 in São Paulo from a stroke, aged 96. Alex Fergusson (politician) Sir Alexander Charles Onslow Fergusson (8 April 1949 – 31 July 2018) was a Scottish politician. He was a member of the Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party and Scottish Parliament from 1999 to 2016. He was the third Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament from 2007 until 2011. Fergusson died on 31 July 2018, aged 69. Bassano Staffieri Nino Staffieri (6 September 1931 – 31 July 2018) was an Italian bishop. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of La Spezia-Sarzana-Brugnato. He was ordained a priest on June 9, 1955. Staffieri was born in Casalpusterlengo, Italy. He was appointed bishop of Carpi on July 11, 1989. He was appointed bishop of La Spezia-Sarzana-Brugnato on July 10, 1999. Staffieri retired as bishop on December 6, 2007. He was vice-president of "Episcopal Conference of Liguria" until his death in 2018. Staffieri died in Genoa, Italy from a cerebral hemorrhage on 31 July 2018, aged 86. Deaths in August 2018 The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in August 2018. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting. Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source. Des Plaines River The Des Plaines River () is a river that flows southward for through southern Wisconsin and northern Illinois in the United States. They meet in the Kankakee River west of Channahon to form the Illinois River, a tributary of the Mississippi River. Kankakee River The Kankakee River () is a tributary of the Illinois River. It is about long, in northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois in the United States. It flows through a primarily rural farming region of reclaimed cropland, south of Lake Michigan. Channahon, Illinois Channahon is a village in Grundy and Will counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. The population was 12,560 at the 2010 census. Channahon is also the name of the township in which most of the village resides. The current village president is Missey Moorman Schumacher. It is a southwestern suburb of Chicago. Grundy County, Illinois Grundy County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 50,063. Its county seat is Morris. Chicago metropolitan area The Chicago metropolitan area, or Chicagoland, is the metropolitan area that includes the city of Chicago, Illinois, and its suburbs, spanning 14 counties in northeast Illinois, northwest Indiana, and a small portion of southeast Wisconsin. The population is about 9.5 million people and CSA population of 9.9 million people, it is the third largest metropolitan area in the United States. The Chicago metropolitan area is one of the world's largest economies, with more than four million employees and making an annual gross regional product (GRP) of over $561 billion. The region is home to more than 400 major corporate headquarters, including 31 in the Fortune 500. Kane County, Illinois Kane County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. In the 2010 census, it has a population of 515,269, making it the fifth-most populous county in Illinois. Its county seat is Geneva, and its largest city is Aurora. Kane County is part of the Chicago metropolitan area. Kendall County, Illinois Kendall County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. In the 2010 census, it has a population of 114,736. Its county seat is Yorkville, and its most populous municipality is Oswego. It is part of the Chicago metropolitan area. Oswego, Illinois Oswego is a village in Kendall County, Illinois, United States. The village population, in the 2010 census, is 30,355. Its population has more than doubled since the 2000 census count of 13,326. With that growth, Oswego is the largest city located completely within Kendall County. Philmont, New York Philmont is a village in Columbia County, New York, United States. The population was 1,379 at the 2010 census. List of governors of South Carolina The Governor of the State of South Carolina is the head of state for the state of South Carolina. Under the South Carolina Constitution, the governor is also the head of government, serving as the chief executive of the South Carolina executive branch. The governor is the "ex officio" commander-in-chief of the National Guard when not called into federal use. The governor's responsibilities include making yearly "State of the State" addresses to the South Carolina General Assembly, submitting an executive budget and ensuring that state laws are enforced. Henry McMaster is the Governor of South Carolina since January 2017. The only female governor in South Carolina is Nikki Haley. This is a list of South Carolina governors. Statehood period (1776–present). Presidents under the Articles of Confederation. The General Assembly chose the President for a term of two years. Governors under the Articles of Confederation. The General Assembly chose the Governor for a term of two years. Governors under the Constitution of 1790. The General Assembly chose the Governor for a term of two years. Governors under the Constitution of 1865. First Constitution of South Carolina to provide for the direct election of the Governor. Other high offices held. This is a table of congressional seats, other federal offices, other governorships, and other high offices held by governors. All representatives and senators mentioned represented South Carolina except where noted. *denotes those offices which the governor resigned to take. Living former U.S. governors of South Carolina. , there are six former U.S. governors of South Carolina who are currently living at this time, the oldest U.S. governor of South Carolina being Ernest "Fritz" Hollings (served 1959–1963, born 1922). The most recent U.S. governor of South Carolina to die was James Burrows Edwards (served 1975–1979, born 1927), on December 26, 2014. The most recently serving governor to die was Carroll A. Campbell, Jr. (served 1987–1995, born 1940) on December 7, 2005. Diya (lamp) A Diya, diyo, deya, divaa, deepa, deepam, or deepak is an oil lamp. It is used in the Indian subcontinent, mostly in India and Nepal. It is usually made from clay and a cotton wick dipped in ghee or vegetable oils. Diyas are native to the Indian subcontinent. It is often used in Hindu, Sikh, Jain and Zoroastrian religious festivals such as Diwali or the Kushti ceremony. Kali Puja Kali Puja is also known as Shyama Puja or Mahanisha Puja. It is a festival celebrated in the honour of Hindu goddess Kali. It is celebrated on the new moon day of the Hindu month Kartik. It is mostly celebrated in West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, Assam, Tripura and Bangladesh. It happens at the same time with the pan-Indian Lakshmi Puja day of Diwali. In this day Bengalis, Odias, Assamese and Maithils worship goddess Kali and the rest of India worships goddess Lakshmi on Diwali. Mahanisha puja is done by the Maithili people of Mithila region in India and Nepal. Mandiraja Mandiraja is a sub-district in Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Mandiraja Subdistrict in east Jakarta with a distance of about 300 km, the area is 52,61 km and the population in 2010 was 63.679 people. Mandiraja Subdistrict consists of 16 Villages 72 RW and 387 RT, the administrative center of Mandiraja sub-district is in the village of Mandiraja Kulon. Geographical Location. Mandiraja inhabits the northern mountains of South Serayu to the zone of Serayu alluvial depression with an altitude between 50 and 450 meters above Sea level, South of the hills covering 6 villages namely Salamerta,Glempang,Kebanaran,Somawangi,Jalatunda, and Kaliwungu while the other 10 villages are lowlands, the highest point of Mandiraja is igir hill 475 meters in the border between Somawangi village and Kebumen District, the big river across the Mandiraja District is the Kalisapi River and Serayu River Serayu River is in the sub-district. Boundary. geographically, Mandiraja District is located between 7°28'37 South latitude and 109 East longitude and borders: Demography. Mandiraja sub-district inhabited by various Javanese tribes are indigenous tribes who inhabit this region, besides Javanese tribes in Mandiraja sub-district there are also other tribes such as Sundanese,Chinese,Arabic and other Religion. the majority of the population of Mandiraja sub-district embraced Islam and a small proportion embraced Chatolicism, Christianity in significant numbers inhabited kertayasa village in part of the villages of Candiwulan, Somawangi and Mandiraja Kulon. Agriculture. most of the productive land in Mandiraja sub-district is planted with rice and a small portion is planted with various vegetables and fruits. the village with the largest rice production is Purwasaba village Somawangi,blimbing , candiwulan and Kaliwungu Culture. Mandiraja culture adheres to the Banyumasan culture and Javanese culture is quite different because the Banyumasan culture is absorbed in Sundanese culture, in Mandiraja District there are some very unique culture such as Ebeg, Lengger , kentongan and others. Food. Mandiraja sub-district has a wide variety of special foods that are very numerous, some foods in the famous Mandiraja region include mendoan besides mendoan the are also foods such as Sroto, Tahu Masak, Dawet, Sate and others , in Mandiraja sub-district there are also food stalls which are widely spread and peddling a variety of special foods. Villages. list of names of villages in Mandiraja sub-district : Cherokee County Cherokee County is the name of eight counties in the United States: Caldwell County Caldwell County is the name of five counties in the United States: Ellis County Ellis County is the name of three counties in the United States: Green County Green County is the name of three counties in the United States: Greene County Greene County is the name of several counties in the United States: Greene County, Arkansas Greene County is a county in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 42,090. The county seat is Paragould. Greene County, Alabama Greene County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,045; it was the least populous county in Alabama. The county seat is Eutaw. It was named in honor of Revolutionary War General Nathanael Greene of Rhode Island. In the 2010 census, the county's population was 81.5% African-American. Greene County, Indiana Greene County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2010, the population was 33,165. The county seat is Bloomfield. Greene County, Missouri Greene County is a county in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 275,174, making it the fourth-most populous county in Missouri. The county seat is Springfield. The county was founded in 1833 and is named after American Revolutionary War General Nathanael Greene. Greene County, Illinois Greene County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 13,886. The county seat is Carrollton. Greene County, Georgia Greene County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 15,994. The county seat is Greensboro. The county was founded on February 3, 1786 and is named for Nathanael Greene, an American Revolutionary War major general. Greene County, Iowa Greene County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,336. The county seat is Jefferson. The county is named after American Revolutionary War General Nathanael Greene. Grundy County Grundy County is the name of four counties in the United States, all named in honor of Felix Grundy: Grundy County, Iowa Grundy County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 12,453. The county seat is Grundy Center. The county is named for Felix Grundy, former U.S. Attorney General. Seguin, Texas Seguin ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Guadalupe County. As of the 2010 census, the population was 25,175. By 2015, the population was estimated to be 27,864. Gervase Markham Gervase Markham (21 June 1978 – 27 July 2018) was a British computer scientist, engineer and writer. He worked for the Mozilla Foundation, and was a lead developer of Bugzilla. He started working on the Mozilla project in 1999 and became the youngest paid employee of Mozilla.org at age 23. Markham was born in Morland, Cumbria. He studied at Oxford University. Markham was diagnosed with salivary gland cancer in 2006. He died on 27 July 2018 from the disease at his home in Loughborough, Leicestershire, aged 40. Anne Vermeer Anne Rinse Vermeer (12 December 1916 – 26 July 2018) was a Dutch politician and economist. He was born in Tiel, Netherlands. Vermeer was a member of the Labour Party (PvdA). Vermeer was a member of thw House of Representatives from 1956 to 1963 and a Senator from 1966 to 1987. In between his time in congress, Vermeer was also Mayor of Amersfoort from 1976 to 1982. Vermeer died of respiratory failure in Amersfoort, Netherlands on 26 July 2018, aged 101. Try Sutrisno Try Sutrisno (, born 15 November 1935) is an Indonesian politician. He is the sixth vice president. He held office from 11 March 1993 to 10 March 1998. Vice President of Indonesia The Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia () is the first in the line of succession in the Republic of Indonesia. The Indonesian Vice Presidency was created during the creation of the 1945 constitution by the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPKI). The office was first filled on 18 August 1945 when Mohammad Hatta was elected. Succession. The Vice-President replaces the President in the event that the President dies, resigns, or is unable to perform his/her duties for any reason. If the President and the Vice-President dies, resigns, or is unable to perform his/her duties for any reason, the government will be taken over together by Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Internal Affairs and Minister of Defence. Mohammad Hatta Mohammad Hatta (;12 August 1902 – 14 March 1980) was Indonesia's first Vice President of Indonesia, later also being the country's Prime Minister. He fought for the independence of Indonesia from the Dutch. Hatta died on 14 March 1980 in Jakarta and was buried in Jakarta's Tanah Kusir public cemetery. Jusuf Kalla Muhammad Jusuf Kalla (; born 15 May 1942) is an Indonesian politician. He was the 12th Vice President of Indonesia from 2014 through 2019. He was also the 10th Vice President from 2004 to 2009. He ran as Golkar's presidential candidate in the 2009 presidential election, but lost the election. Since 2009 Kalla has served as the Chairman of the Indonesian Red Cross Society. Before Kalla said he would run as a running mate for Joko Widodo in the 2014 presidential election, polling numbers showed Kalla as the front-runner of the elction. He is the first person to hold two non-consecutive terms as Vice President of Indonesia. Celeste Rodrigues Maria Celeste Rebordão Rodrigues (14 March 1923 – 1 August 2018) was a Portuguese "fadista" (fado singer) and the younger sister of Amália Rodrigues. She was born in Fundão, Portugal. Rodrigues was known for her songs such as "Lenda das Algas" (Legend of the Algae), "Já é tarde" (It is already late) and "Fado Celeste" achievements. Rodrigues lived in Lisbon and Washington, D.C.. She died in Lisbon on 1 August 2018 from a stroke, aged 95. Umbayee Umbayee (ഉമ്പായി; 1952 – 1 August 2018) was an Indian folk musician and composer. He worked with the Ghazal genre. Umbayee was born in Mattancherry, Kerala. Umbayee was known for his unique style of singing. Burleson, Texas Burleson is a city in Texas. During the 2010 Census, there were 36,690 people living in Burleson. Burleson is in both Johnson and Tarrant counties and is a suburb of Fort Worth. Kelly Clarkson was living in Burleson when she won the first American Idol contest. Cleburne, Texas Cleburne is a city and county seat of Johnson County, Texas, United States. At the 2010 U.S. Census, the population was 29,377. The city is named after Patrick Cleburne, a Confederate General. Lake Pat Cleburne, the reservoir that provides water to the city and surrounding area, is also named after Pat Cleburne. Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex The Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex (officially called the Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area by the US Office of Management and Budget) is a large, metropolitan area of Texas which includes the 13 counties in the area. Residents of the area also refer to it as the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex, DFW, or the Metroplex. It is the economic and cultural hub of the region. DFW is the largest inland metropolitan area in the United States. Louise Tobin Mary Louise Tobin (born November 11, 1918) is an American jazz singer. Tobin was born in Aubrey, Texas, but raised in Denton, Texas. She appeared with Benny Goodman, Bobby Hackett, Will Bradley, and Jack Jenney. Tobin introduced "I Didn't Know What Time It Was" with Benny Goodman’s band in 1939. Her biggest hit with Goodman was "There'll Be Some Changes Made", which was number two on the "Hit Parade" in 1941 for 15 weeks. Aubrey, Texas Aubrey is a city in Denton County, Texas, United States. The population was 2,595 at the 2010 census. Tate Donovan Tate Buckley Donovan (born September 25, 1963) is an American actor and director. He is known for playing Tom Shayes in "Damages", Jimmy Cooper in "The O.C.", and the voice of Hercules in the Disney animated movie "Hercules", the animated television series of the and in a few "Kingdom Hearts" video games. Tenafly, New Jersey Tenafly is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 census, the borough's population was 14,488. Tenafly is a suburb of New York City. Susan Egan Susan Farrell Egan (born February 18, 1970) is an American actress, singer, dancer and comedian. She is known for her work on the Broadway stage. She is best known for the role of Belle in the Broadway musical adaptation of "Beauty and the Beast" (1994), as well as the voice of Megara in "Hercules" (1997), and the voice for Rose Quartz/Pink Diamond on "Steven Universe". Seal Beach, California Seal Beach is a city in Orange County, California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 24,168. Seal Beach is located in the westernmost corner of Orange County. To the northwest, just across the border with Los Angeles County, lies the city of Long Beach. Coral bleaching Coral bleaching occurs when stony corals turn white. Stony corals are simple animals that form large reefs. The animals live in a endosymbiotic relationship with single-celled algae. To get sunlight the corals live just below sea level. The algae make food products for the coral polyp by photosynthesis. Coral polyps are sensitive to changes in their environment. This includes the temperature of the water they live in. Under stress, coral polyps may expel the algae which live inside their tissues. The algae provide up to 90% of the coral's energy. Bleached corals continue to live but begin to starve after bleaching. Some corals recover. Warmer sea water temperatures caused by global warming is the leading cause of coral bleaching. The United Nations Environment Programme says that the longest recorded global bleaching events happened between 2014 and 2016. Coral was killed on an unprecedented scale. In 2016, bleaching of coral on the Great Barrier Reef killed between 29 and 50 percent of the reef's coral. In 2017, the bleaching got into the central region of the reef. The interval between bleaching events has halved between 1980 and 2016. Recent research showed that the coral-algae relationship is much older than was thought. This suggests it has survived many climate changes. Some corals change color instead of turning white when they are bleached. The colors can be very bright. In May 2020, scientists from the University of Southampton said that the colors act like sunscreen and protect the coral cells from light. The scientists said this means some corals can lose their algae for a while and might have developed bright colors as a way to make it easier for the algae to come back and to stay alive until then. Mike Chattey Michael Stanley Kemp Chattey OBE, better known as "Mike Chattey" (born 9 January 1952) has been the Head of Fundraising at the Conservative Party since 2001 and is the interim chief executive officer since 2019. In June 2016, Chattey was awarded an OBE in David Cameron's resignation honours list and gained an OBE for “political service” in his role of Head of Fundraising. Mike Chattey has been married to Baroness Charlotte Vere since 2016. Responsibilities. Mike as Head of Fundraising has responsibility for the donation and fundraising efforts of the Conservative Party including managing the parties extensive donor clubs as well as presiding over the annual Tory Party Fundraising Ball Chattey conducts his role of Head of Fundraising from the partty’s central office, known as CCHQ in the Treasurer's Department. Early life and Education. Chattey attended school at Milton Abbey School in Dorset between 1974 and 1979, before he temporarily moved to the North Carolina in order to attend University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1980. Chattey also attended the University of the West of England from 1980 to 1984 gaining a 2:1 in Business Studies. Career. Mike Chattey spent 2 years as regional salesman in the south west for Calor Gas. He then moved to London to start a 15-year career in Advertising predominately for Evans Hunt Scott and Leo Burnett Advertising working on South African Airways, COI, Kelloggs, Procter & Gamble, McDonalds, Kodak, Sun Alliance and Commodore Computers. He was hired by Lord Ashcroft in 2002 to join The Conservative Party's Treasurers' Department. He was promoted to Head of Fundraising in 2012. Enrique Verástegui Enrique Fidel Verástegui Peláez (24 April 1950 – 27 July 2018), was a Peruvian poet, physicist, philosopher and mathematician. He was born in Lima. In 1975 he recorded his poems for the Library of Congress of the United States and worked for El Colegio de México. On 1976 he received the Guggenheim Fellowship. In 1978, representing the Peruvian community, he reads his poems before the tomb of César Vallejo, which earned him the congratulations of Julio Ramón Ribeyro, consul of Peru to UNESCO. Verástegui died in Lima on 27 July 2018 from a heart attack, aged 68. Prime Minister of Peru The President of the Council of Ministers of Peru, informally called "Premier" (form of address) or "Prime Minister", is in charge of the Council of Ministers, and is appointed by the President, but must be approved by the Congress as with all members of the Council. The Prime Minister of Peru is, however, not the head of government, since in Peru the President is the one who serves as the head of government. Peru is one of the few countries in Latin America that has a Prime Minister. The current prime minister is Betssy Chávez since 2022. Lubomír Metnar Lubomír Metnar (born 6 October 1967 in Olomouc) is a Czech politician and former policeman. He is the Ministry of Defence in the second government of Andrej Babiš, since June 2018. From December 2017 to June 2018, he was Ministry of the Interior in the first cabinet of Andrej Babiš. President of Peru The President of Peru () officially called the President of the Republic of Peru () is the head of state and head of government of Peru and represents the republic in official international matters. The last directly elected President of Peru was Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, from 28 July 2016 to 21 March 2018, when he resigned from office. The current president of Peru is Pedro Castillo who assumed office on 28 July 2021. Terms. Presidents are elected for five-year terms, with no opportunity for immediate reelection. A former president can run again after being out of office for a full term. The change of government takes place on July 28, which is the date of independence from Spain and thus a national holiday. Removal. There are only five ways the office of President of Peru can be left empty: Four presidents of Peru have resigned: Guillermo Billinghurst (forced resignation), Andrés Avelino Cáceres, Alberto Fujimori, and Pedro Pablo Kuczynski. Martín Vizcarra was impeached and removed from office on 10 November 2020. Living former presidents of Peru. All former presidents of Peru since 1985 have been prosecuted since leaving office. As of 2021, there were seven living former presidents of Peru. In order of office they are: The most recent president to die was Francisco Morales Bermúdez (1975–1980) on 14 July 2022. Alan García Alan Gabriel Ludwig García Pérez (; 23 May 1949 – 17 April 2019) was a Peruvian politician. He was the President of Peru from 1985 to 1990 and again from 2006 to 2011. He was the leader of the Peruvian Aprista Party. His first term, the country went through a severe economic crisis, social unrest and violence. He ran unsuccessfully for the Presidency in 2001, losing in a run-off to Alejandro Toledo. He ran again in 2006 and was elected to a second term, even though his first term in the 1980s was thought to be the worst in the country's history. During García's second term, Peru had increased environmental damage, according to critics, and increased social conflict, according to the national human rights ombudsman's office. García ran for a third term as president in the 2016 Peruvian general election as the candidate of the criticized Popular Alliance coalition which included APRA’s old rival, the Christian People’s Party with Lourdes Flores as his first running mate. The election's first round polls gave García 5.83% of the popular vote, preventing him from participating in the runoff election. Pedro Pablo Kuczynski was ultimately elected. On the morning of 17 April 2019, García shot himself in the neck when police officials were planning to arrest him linked to a corruption scandal. He was hospitalized under critical condition and had emergency surgery where García had three cardiac arrests. He died hours later at a Lima hospital. García became the second head of state of Peru to die of suicide after Gustavo Jiménez, who did so in 1933. García is considered one of the most controversial yet talented politicians of Peru's contemporary history. He was known as an immensely charismatic orator. Ollanta Humala Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso (; born 27 June 1962) is a Peruvian politician. He was the 65th President of Peru from 2011 to 2016. Humala lost the 2006 presidential election and eventually won the 2011 presidential election in a run-off vote. He was elected as President of Peru in the second round, defeating Keiko Fujimori (daughter of former President Alberto Fujimori). Early life. Born to a prominent political family affiliated with the ethnocacerist movement, Humala is the son of famed Quechua labour lawyer Isaac Humala. Humala entered the Peruvian Army in 1981, eventually achieveing the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. During his time in the military, he fought in the internal conflict against far-left terrorist group Shining Path as well as in the Cenepa War with neighboring Ecuador. In October 2000, Humala attempted an unsuccessful coup d'etatagainst President Alberto Fujimori during the dying days of his regime; eventually, Congress granted him amnesty and Humala was allowed to return to military duty. Politics. In 2005, Humala entered electoral politics, founding the Peruvian Nationalist Party (PNP) in order to run in the 2006 presidential election. Having received first place in the first round, he faced former centre-left President and APRA candidate Alan García in the second round, ultimately losing by a narrow margin. His campaign received widespread international attention in 2006 given the recent success of left-wing politicians in Latin America. In 2011, he would once again run for President, and narrowly defeated Keiko Fujimori in the runoff. Humala's election initially concerned investors, who feared he would govern similar to far-left Venezuelan PresidentHugo Chavez, a former ally of his. To assuage these fears, Humala would begin his term by choosing centrists for positions in his cabinet. Humala's unpopular presidency was dominated by corruption scandals surrounding him and his politically influential wife Nadine Heredia. Environmentalists were highly critical of Humala's mining policies, and argued that he reneged on his campaign promise to reign in mining companies. Humala was arrested by Peruvian authorities in July 2017 for illegally accepting bribes and awaits a corruption trial. Humala ran for president again in 2021, but lost in the first round of the election. Javier Valle Riestra Javier Maximiliano Alfredo Hipólito Valle Riestra González Olaechea, (born January 5, 1932) is a Peruvian lawyer, jurist and politician. He was born in Lima. He is a known member of the Peruvian Aprista Party. He held several public offices, among them the most controversial being President of the Council of Ministers in the government of Alberto Fujimori (1998). From 2006 to 2011, Valle Riestra was a member of the Congress representing Lima. President of El Salvador The President of El Salvador () officially known as the President of the Republic of El Salvador () is the head of state of El Salvador. The office was created in the Constitution of 1841. From 1821 until 1841, the head of state of El Salvador was styled simply as Head of State ("Jefe de Estado"). Living former presidents. Intendant and Superior Political Chief 21 Sep 1821 – 28 November 1821 Pedro Barriere (b. ... - d. 1827) Intendant and Governor (from 11 January 1822, President of the Junta of Government) 28 Nov 1821 - 9 February 1823 José Matías Delgado (b. 1767 - d. 1832) Supreme Political Chief Chief of State 22 Apr 1824 - 1 October 1824 The Civic Directory governed El Salvador from 2 to 4 December 1931 . Composed entirely of military, the civic directory began the era of military dictatorships. The civic directory ended its government when the Presidency of the Republic was handed over to Vice President Maximiliano Hernández Martínez , who would later perpetrate a massacre in 1932. The civic directory was formed by (according to the military organization to which they belonged): National Guard : First Infantry Regiment : First Artillery Regiment : First Machine Gun Regiment : Cavalry Regiment : Ministry of War : Military Aviation : Alfredo Cristiani Alfredo Félix Cristiani Burkard, popularly known as Alfredo Cristiani (born November 22, 1947) is a Peruvian politician. He was the President of El Salvador from 1989 to 1994. Cristiani was born in San Salvador. He is a member of the ARENA. Cristiani is of Swiss decent. Antonio Saca Elías Antonio "Tony" Saca González (born March 9, 1965) is a Salvadoran politician. He was the President of El Salvador from 2004 to 2009. Saca was a member of the ARENA until 2010 when he switched to the GANA from 2013. Saca was born in Usulután, El Salvador. Fakir Musafar Roland Loomis (August 10, 1930 – August 1, 2018), known professionally as Fakir Musafar, was an American performance artist and early artist of the modern primitive movement. He worked with and taught body modification techniques such as body piercing, tightlacing, scarification, tattooing, and flesh hook suspension. In May 2018, Musafar announced on his website that he was suffering from terminal lung cancer. He died from the disease on August 1, 2018 in Menlo Park, California, aged 87. Herbert King (actor) Herbert King (1963 – 2 August 2018) was a Colombian actor. He was born in Santa Marta, Colombia. His career started the 2000s with a role in the telenovela "Alejo, the search for love", followed by "Pedro el escamoso", "Pasión de Gavilanes", "La saga, negocio de familia", "La Tormenta", "En los tacones de Eva", "Nuevo rico, nuevo pobre". His last movie role was in the 2017 movie "Loving Pablo" alongside Javier Bardem and Penelope Cruz. King died on August 2, 2018 from a heart attack in the Clinic La Colina in Bogotá, aged 55. Winston Ntshona Winston Ntshona (6 October 1941 – 2 August 2018) was a South African playwright and actor. He won a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play in 1975. He was born in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Ntshona wrote the 1973 play "The Island". He also wrote "Sizwe Banzi is Dead", which he also co-wrote. Ntshona starred in the play "Full Frontal" at the Royal Court Theatre in London. Ntshona died on 2 August 2018 from a long-illness in New Brighton, South Africa, aged 76. Kenneth Copeland Kenneth Max Copeland (born December 6, 1936) is an American author, musician, public speaker, and televangelist. His work deals with the Charismatic Movement. Copeland has been known for preaching a message called the prosperity gospel, but some people criticize it. People also criticize Copeland for his anti-vaccination stance, which the say caused a large measles outbreak in his church and for using donations from his church for personal needs such as a $17.5 million private airplane. With a net worth of USD $300 million, Copeland is the world's richest pastor. Alec Martinez Alec Martinez (born July 26, 1987) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman. He currently plays for the Vegas Golden Knights of the National Hockey League. He previoulsy played for the Los Angeles Kings. He was selected by the Boston Bruins with the 95th overall pick in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft after playing for Miami University for 3 seasons. He has won the Stanley Cup with the Kings in 2012 and 2014. In 2014, in double overtime in Game 5, he scored the Stanley Cup winning goal against the New York Rangers after he had previously scored the series winner in the Western Conference finals against the Chicago Blackhawks in Game 7. List of Emmerdale characters (2017) "Emmerdale" is a British soap opera. It was first broadcast on 16 October 1972. The following is a list of characters that first appeared in 2017, by order of first appearance. All characters are introduced by the series producer Iain MacLeod. Ethan, Jason and Maggie made their debuts in February. Nell Fairfax was introduced in March, while Matt arrived in May. Tim Richards arrived in July. October saw the birth of Isaac Dingle. Dee Dee Willis made her first appearance in November. Isaac Dingle. Isaac Dingle made his first appearance on 3 October 2017. He is the son of Cain Dingle (Jeff Hordley) and Moira Barton (Natalie J. Robb). Sebastian White. Sebastian "Seb" White, played by Lily Westmoreland, made his first appearance on 9 November 2017. He is the son of Rebecca White (Emily Head) and Robert Sugden (Ryan Hawley). Greene County, Virginia Greene County is a county in Virginia in the eastern United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,403. The county seat is Stanardsville. Greene County was founded in 1838 from Orange County. The county is named for American Revolutionary War hero Nathanael Greene. Greene County, Mississippi Greene County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,400. The county seat is Leakesville. The county was founded in 1811 and is named after American Revolutionary War General Nathanael Greene. Etowah County, Alabama Etowah County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 104,430. The county seat is Gadsden. The name is from a Cherokee word meaning "edible tree". It is the smallest county in Alabama, but one of the most densely populated. Fayette County, Alabama Fayette County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. In 2010, 17,241 people lived there. The county seat is Fayette. Franklin County, Alabama Franklin County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 31,704. The county seat is Russellville. The name is in honor of Benjamin Franklin, famous statesman, scientist, and printer. Franklin County was founded on February 6, 1818. Geneva County, Alabama Geneva County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 26,790. The county seat is Geneva. The county was named after its county seat, which in turn was named after Geneva, New York which was named after Geneva, a Swiss city. Hale County, Alabama Hale County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 15,760. The county seat is Greensboro. It is named in honor of Confederate officer Stephen Fowler Hale. Henry County, Alabama Henry County is a county on the southeastern border of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,302. The county seat is Abbeville. The county was named for Patrick Henry (1736–1799), famous orator and Governor of Virginia. Henry County was founded on December 13, 1819. Sir Dinadan Sir Dinadan is a legendary character in the King Arthur stories. He is one of the Knights of the Round Table. His father is King Camdore. His brothers are Percival, Bor, and Aglovale. His cousin is Sir Pinel le Savage. Dinadan was once stuffed in a dress by Lancelot, and paraded around the room. Everyone enjoyed this, including Dinadan Dinadan was known for his fear, fiery temper and sense of humor, and fought off thirty knights on at least two occasions. Thomas Malory refers to him as Arthur's third best knight, only lower than Lancelot and Tristan. LOL (Basshunter album) LOL <(^^,)> is the studio album by Swedish musician Basshunter. It was released on 28 August 2006. Ujjainiya Ujjainiya is a sub-caste of the Parmar Clan of the Rajputs. They are also known as Purvaiya Rajputs. They can be found near Sahababad region of Bihar, and Deoghar region of Jharkhand. Veer Kunwar Singh was a Ujjainiya Rajput. Lakshmi Puja Lakshmi Pooja (), is a Hindu religious festival celebrated once in a year. It is celebrated on the Amavasya (new moon day) of Krishna Paksha (Dark fortnight). In the Vikram Samvat Hindu calendar it is celebrated in the month of Ashwin or Kartik. The puja is done on the third day of Tihar and is considered as the main event of Deepawali. In Hinduism, Lakshmi is goddess of wealth and lord Vishnu's wife. It is believed that in this day she visits her followers and give them gifts and blessings. To welcome the Goddess, people clean their houses and make it bright with lights. They also prepare good food and sweets for offerings. Now You're Gone – The Album Now You're Gone – The Album is the studio album by Swedish musician Basshunter. It was released on July 14, 2008. Bass Generation Bass Generation is the studio album by Swedish musician Basshunter. It was released on September 25, 2009. Calling Time Calling Time is the studio album by Swedish musician Basshunter. It was released on May 13, 2013. Vladimír Plaček Vladimír Plaček (29 May 1965 – 2 August 2018) was a Czech physician and politician. Plaček was a member of the ČSSD. Plaček served on the Senate from 2012 until his death on 2 August 2018. Plaček died on 2 August 2018 at the age of 53. Jackson County, Alabama Jackson County is the northeasternmost county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 53,227. The county seat is Scottsboro. It was named for Andrew Jackson, general in the United States Army and afterward President of the United States of America. Lamar County, Alabama Lamar County (formerly Jones County and Sanford County) is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,564. The county seat is Vernon. The name is in honor of Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar, member of the United States Senate from Mississippi. Lauderdale County, Alabama Lauderdale County is a county in the northwestern corner of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 92,709. The county seat is Florence. The name is in honor of Colonel James Lauderdale, of Tennessee. Lawrence County, Alabama Lawrence County is a county in the northern part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 34,339. The county seat is Moulton. The county was named after James Lawrence, a captain in the United States Navy from New Jersey. Lawrence County was founded on February 6, 1818. Lee County, Alabama Lee County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 140,247. The county seat is Opelika, and the largest city is Auburn. The county is named for General Robert E. Lee (1807–1870), who served as General in Chief of the Armies of the Confederate States in 1865. Limestone County, Alabama Limestone County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 82,782. The county seat is Athens. The name comes from Limestone Creek, a local stream. Marengo County, Alabama Marengo County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 21,027. The largest city is Demopolis and the county seat is Linden. It is named in honor of the site of Battle of Marengo near Turin, Italy, where French leader Napoleon Bonaparte defeated the Austrians on June 14, 1800. Marengo County was founded on February 6, 1818. Macon County, Alabama Macon County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. In 2010, 21,452 people lived there. The county seat is Tuskegee. The name is in honor of Nathaniel Macon, a member of the United States Senate from North Carolina. Macon County was founded on December 18, 1832. Lowndes County, Alabama Lowndes County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 11,299. The county seat is Hayneville. It is named in honor of William Lowndes, a member of the United States Congress from South Carolina. Hayneville, Alabama Hayneville is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is the county seat of Lowndes County. Madison County, Alabama Madison County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 334,811, making it the third-most populous county in Alabama. The county seat is Huntsville. The county is named in honor of James Madison, fourth President of the United States of America. Madison County Madison County is the name of several counties in the United States: Marion County, Alabama Marion County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 30,776. The county seat is Hamilton. The county was named in honor of General Francis Marion (1732–1795), an American Revolutionary War hero from South Carolina who was known as "The Swamp Fox." Marion County is in the northwestern part of the state, bounded on the west by the state of Mississippi. It encompasses . History. The county was created on February 13, 1818. The county seat was originally founded in Pikeville in 1820, and moved to Hamilton in 1881. Abdoulaye Idrissa Maïga Abdoulaye Idrissa Maïga (born 11 March 1958) is a Malian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Mali from 8 April 2017 to 29 December 2017. Previously, he was Minister of Defence since 3 September 2016. He is a member of the Rally for Mali. Soumeylou Boubèye Maïga Soumeylou Boubèye Maïga (; 8 June 1954 – 21 March 2022) is a Malian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Mali from 31 December 2017 until 19 April 2017. As a result of protests after the Ogossagou massacre, Maïga and his entire government resigned from office. on August 26, 2021, Maïga was placed under arrest warrant, by the indictment chamber of the Supreme Court of Mali, in the case of the purchase of a presidential plane during the presidency of Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta. Maïga died on 21 March 2022 in prison in Bamako, Mali at the age of 67. Tales from the Vienna Woods Tales from the Vienna Woods (original "Geschichten aus dem Wiener Wald") is the most famous play by Austrian writer Ödön von Horvath. It first performed in 1931 in Berlin. Johann Strauss wrote a piece of music with the same name (which is generally called "Geschichten aus dem Wienerwald"). This is where the title of the piece is from. TicketGuardian 500 The TicketGuardian 500 is an annual Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held at ISM Raceway, it is one of two races held at the circuit, with the other one being the Can-Am 500 in November, It has been run with the NASCAR Xfinity Series race the day before. It was sponsored by Subway from 2005-2013 before CNBC took the naming rights from 2014 to 2015, and Camping World become the sponsor in 2015 and 2017, Good Sam took over the sponsor in 2016, now TicketGuardian become the sponsor. Bundelkhand Bundelkhand is a geographical and cultural region and also a mountain range in central India. Part of it is in the state of Uttar Pradesh and a larger part in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Jhansi is the largest city in Bundelkhand. The Bundeli language is the most common of the Hindi dialects spoken in Bundelkhand. The Road to Wigan Pier The Road to Wigan Pier is a book by George Orwell. It was published in 1937. The first part of the book is about poverty in Lancashire and Yorkshire. It describes how people lived with very little money. In the second part of the book, the writer talks about how he thinks socialism could help make people's lives better. Background. George Orwell was paid to write a book about how people in Northern England lived. He travelled to different parts of the country to find out what people's lives were like. He stayed with families in different towns and also went to workplaces like coal mines. Structure. The first part of the book talks about the way people lived. It talks about their houses, food, jobs and education. It describes what happened to people if they lost their jobs or became unwell. The second part of the book talks about socialism. George Orwell explains why he thinks socialism would help poor people have better lives. Gary Payton Gary Dwayne Payton Sr. (born July 23, 1968 in Oakland, California) is an American retired professional basketball player. He started at the point guard position. He is best known for his 13-year time with the Seattle SuperSonics, and holds Seattle franchise records in points, assists, and steals. He also played with the Milwaukee Bucks, Los Angeles Lakers, Boston Celtics and Miami Heat, the last with whom he won an NBA championship. He was nicknamed "The Glove" by his cousin during the 1993 Western Conference Finals against the Phoenix Suns when he held his opponent Kevin Johnson defensively "like a glove" on the court. He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame on September 8, 2013. Payton is considered by many to be the greatest defensive guard of all time and one of the greatest defenders in basketball history. He used his quick feet in order to master the art of staying in front of his opponent on defense. He was also one of the best at guarding Michael Jordan, although in the 1996 NBA Finals the Sonics largely used Hersey Hawkins to guard Jordan. Payton's best teammate for many years was All-Star Shawn Kemp, and the Sonics had many deep playoff runs including playing in the 1996 NBA Finals. Payton is widely considered one of the best point guards of all time and is the only point guard who has won the NBA Defensive Player of the Year award, which he won in 1996. He was selected to the NBA All-Defensive First Team nine times, an NBA record he shares with Michael Jordan, Kevin Garnett and Kobe Bryant. He was also a nine-time NBA All-Star and a nine-time All-NBA Team member. Payton ranks fourth in steals, eighth in assists and 32nd in points among the NBA's career leaders. Payton is also considered one of the greatest college basketball players of all time and ranks among all-time leaders in assists and steals. Payton is also known by the much lesser used nickname GP, an initialism for his first and last name, which he even at one point had as a license plate. One of his sons, Gary Payton II, has played in the NBA as well. Walt Frazier Walter Frazier Jr. (born March 29, 1945 in Atlanta, Georgia) is an American former basketball player in the National Basketball Association. Frazier is very well known by the nickname Clyde as well as the much lesser known nickname Mr. Cool. He was raised in Southern Illinois. As their floor general, he led the New York Knicks to the franchise's only two championships (1970 and 1973), and was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1987. Upon his retirement from basketball, Frazier went into broadcasting. He is currently a color commentator for telecasts of Knicks games on the MSG Network. Frazier is thought of as one of the greatest point guards of all time, and particularly one of the greatest defensive guards as well. He was noted for his very quick hands, and it is claimed that he once stole the ball on eight consecutive plays in a 1971 game against Atlanta (steals were not an official statistic at the time). At one point Frazier held the single-game championship round record for assists when he scored 36 points, had 19 assists, 7 rebounds (and a claimed 6 steals) in Game 7 of the 1970 NBA Finals. Frazier is also a spokesman for Just for Men hair products, often starring alongside baseball player Keith Hernandez. Marshall County, Alabama Marshall County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 93,019. The county seat is Guntersville. A second courthouse is in Albertville. The name is in honor of John Marshall, famous Chief Justice of the United States. Monroe County, Alabama Monroe County is a county in the southern part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 23,068. The county seat is Monroeville. The name is in honor of James Monroe, fifth President of the United States. It is the birthplace of notable writer Harper Lee and served as the childhood home for Truman Capote, her lifelong friend and a fellow writer. Adwa Al-Dakheel Adwa Al-Dakheel () ; born 27 January 1992) is a Saudi Arabian author, poet, pilot, musician and entrepreneur. She is the founder and CEO of Falak, Ns3a and Dar Technology and co-founder of the Social Advisors. She also is the founder of the multiple exciting startups currently operating in the jewelry industry, the media industry and the financial technology industry. Al-Dakheel won first prize in the poetry competition at the World Poetry Forum in Washington. Adwa wrote her debut book at the age of 16. She is also the author of the book “Proven Billionaire Formula”. Al-Dakheel won an honorary grade at Suffolk University in Boston for three consecutive years. Early life. Adwa was born in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia on 27 January 1992. She started writing poems and playing guitar at the age of 8. Al-Dakheel won first prize in the poetry competition at the World Poetry Forum in Washington. Watching the Bloomberg channel on tv taught her how to analyze the stock exchange markets. After working on stock exchange markets as an analyst, she wrote her debut book “Proven Billionaire Formula” (Arabic: کتاب الزبدة). She also was the Kingdom’s squash champion for 2008 and 2009. Montgomery County, Alabama Montgomery County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, its population was 229,363, making it the fourth-most populous county in Alabama. Its county seat is Montgomery, the state capital. Montgomery County was founded on December 6, 1816. It is named in honor of Lemuel P. Montgomery, a U.S. Army military officer killed at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in the War of 1812. Homage to Catalonia Homage to Catalonia is a book by George Orwell. It was published in 1938. In the book, the author talks about his time fighting in the Spanish Civil War. He explains what he saw and what happened to him. Background. George Orwell went to Spain in 1936, just after he had finished writing The Road to Wigan Pier. He wanted to fight against fascism. As well as fighting in the war, he wanted to write about what happened so people in Britain would know what was happening. Content. Orwell tells the story of what happened to him in the war. He talks about what Barcelona was like when it was run by anarchists and how the soldiers got ready to fight in the war. Next, Orwell talks about fighting in trenches. The second part of the book talks about how some of the groups fighting against the fascists started to argue amongst themselves and how Orwell had to leave the country to escape some of the groups who had turned against him. Morgan County, Alabama Morgan County is a county in the north central part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 119,490. The county seat is Decatur. The county was founded on February 6, 1818 and was originally called Cotaco County. On June 14, 1821, it was renamed in honor of American Revolutionary War General Daniel Morgan of Virginia. Perry County, Alabama Perry County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 10,591. The county seat is Marion. The county was founded on December 13, 1819 and is named in honor of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry of Rhode Island and the United States Navy. Pickens County, Alabama Pickens County is a county on the central western border of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 19,746. The county seat is Carrollton, in the center of the county. It is a prohibition, or dry county, although the communities of Carrollton and Aliceville voted to become wet in 2011 and 2012, respectively. History. Pickens County was founded on the western border of Alabama on December 20, 1820, and named for American Revolutionary War hero General Andrew Pickens of South Carolina. The county seat was relocated from Pickensville to Carrollton in 1830. Carrollton, Alabama Carrollton is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is the county seat of Pickens County. At the 2010 census, the population was 1,019, up from 987 in 2000. Pike County, Alabama Pike County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 32,899. The county seat is Troy. The name is in honor of General Zebulon Pike, of New Jersey, an explorer who led an expedition to southern Colorado and discovered Pikes Peak in 1806. Pike County was one of the oldest in the state, founded on December 17, 1821. Pike County Pike County is the name of ten counties in the United States: All were named to honor Zebulon Pike. Pike County, Illinois Pike County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2010 census, it had a population of 16,430. The county seat is Pittsfield. History. Pike County was founded on January 31, 1821 out of Madison County. It was named in honor of Zebulon Pike, leader of the Pike expedition in 1806 to map out the south and west parts of the Louisiana Purchase. Pike served at the Battle of Tippecanoe, and was killed in 1813 in the War of 1812. Burmese Days Burmese Days is a novel by George Orwell. It was his first novel. It was published in 1934. The book is about colonialism and racism in Burma. Background. George Orwell worked as a policeman in Burma for five years. He thought the way people were treated in parts of the British Empire was unfair and he used some of his own experiences as ideas. For example, he based the fictional town of Kyauktada on the real town of Katha, where he worked. Orwell finished writing the book in 1933 and it was published the year after. He had it published in the United States because of concerns that the characters were described too much like actual people in Orwell's life and made them look bad. Plot. In Burma, a man called John Flory lives on his own. He is unhappy with his life and misses his home in England but he has been in Burma so long, he does not feel like he can return home. Flory does not like the other English people in the town. He thinks they treat the local people very cruelly. Flory's best friend is an Indian doctor called Veraswami and some people make fun of him for being friendly with someone who is not white. A young lady called Elizabeth moves to the town and Flory plans to marry her. He hopes that if he does, he might be able to become happy. At the same time, an important Burmese man in the town called U Po Kyin makes a plan to have more power and this effects Flory and Veraswami. Flory kills himself. U Po Kyin believe that he can wipe out the negative karma of his evil actions by giving money to build pagodas. However, he dies of a stroke before the first pagoda can be built. His wife has a dream where he is reborn as a snake or frog. Marianne Williamson Marianne Deborah Williamson (born July 8, 1952) is an American spiritual teacher, author, and lecturer. She has published twelve books, including four "New York Times" number one bestsellers. She is the founder of Project Angel Food, a meals-on-wheels program that serves homebound people with AIDS in the Los Angeles area, and the co-founder of The Peace Alliance. Williamson is on the Board of Directors of the RESULTS organization, which works to end poverty in the United States and around the world. In January 2019, Williamson launched her presidential bid for the Democratic primaries in the 2020 election. She ended her campaign on January 10, 2020. Early life. Williamson was born in Houston, Texas, in 1952. Williamson studied theater and philosophy at Pomona College in Claremont, California for two years before dropping out in her Junior year and moving to New York City to be a cabaret singer. In 1979, Williamson returned to Houston, where she ran a metaphysical bookstore. Career. In 1997 Williamson published her book "Healing the Soul of America" (hardcover originally titled "The Healing of America") and began a more energetic political engagement. In this book, Williamson laid out plans to “transform the American political consciousness and encourage powerful citizen involvement to heal our society.” She has been a guest on television programs such as "The Oprah Winfrey Show", "Good Morning America", and "Real Time with Bill Maher". In December 2006, a "Newsweek" magazine poll named her one of the fifty most influential baby boomers. She is known for her book "A Course in Miracles", a non-religious self-study program of spiritual psychotherapy. 2014 U.S. House race. Williamson ran and lost in the election for the seat of California's 33rd congressional district in 2014. Famous elected and public officials endorsed her campaign, including former Governors Jennifer Granholm and Jesse Ventura; former Congressmembers Dennis Kucinich and Alan Grayson; and Van Jones, among others. Alanis Morissette wrote and performed her campaign theme song, entitled "Today". 2020 presidential campaign. On August 2, 2018, The Guardian reported that she was exploring the possibility of a presidential run in 2020. On January 28, 2019, Williamson formally announced her campaign in Los Angeles. After only appearing in one of the debates and low poll numbers, Williamson ended her campaign on January 10, 2020. She later endorsed Senator Bernie Sanders in February 2020. Personal life. Williamson is Jewish, and was briefly married. In 1990, Williamson had her only child, India Emma. Rick Genest Rick Genest (August 7, 1985 – August 1, 2018) was a Canadian artist, actor, and fashion model. He was also known as Zombie Boy. Genest was featured in Lady Gaga's video for "Born This Way", with Lady Gaga wearing makeup to replicate Genest's tattoos. He was cast as the character "foreman" in the 2013 movie "47 Ronin". Planned to be unveiled in 2019, an sculpture of Genest called “Self-Conscious Gene” will be a new permanent fixture at the Science Museum, London, UK. The statue is to be created by British artist Marc Quinn. On August 1, 2018, Genest was found dead after a fall from the balcony at his Plateau-Mont-Royal apartment. Police first thought Genest took his own life. However, in October 2019, a coroner ruled his death as accidental. Hannie van Leeuwen Johanna (Hannie) van Leeuwen (18 January 1926 – 1 August 2018) was a Dutch politician of the Anti Revolutionary Party (until 1980) and the Christian Democratic Appeal. She was born in Delft, the Netherlands. Van Leeuwen was an MP from 1966 to 1978, and a Senator from 1995 to 2007. She also was an alderwoman of Zoetermeer, and acting mayor of Hazerswoude and Nootdorp. Hannie van Leeuwen died in Rotterdam on 1 August 2018, aged 92. A Clergyman's Daughter A Clergyman's Daughter is a novel by George Orwell. It was published in 1935. It tells the story of a young woman called Dorothy Hare who loses her memory and finds herself lost in London. Background. George Orwell spent some time living rough on the streets and working in fields in Kent so that he could understand what life was like for poor people. These experiences gave Orwell some of the ideas he used for the book. After the book was released, Orwell said that he did not like it and he did not want it to be published again whilst he was alive. He did say that it could be published again if his family needed money after he died. Plot. The story has five chapters which are each written in a different style. Chapter 1. Dorothy Hare is a young woman who lives with her father, a clergyman. He is very strict and treats Dorothy badly. She spends her days working hard for her father with no time for herself. One evening, she is invited to dinner by a male friend, Mr. Warbuton, who sexually assaults her. Afterwards, she stays up late to finish some work for the church. Chapter 2. Dorothy is now in London with no memory of the past eight days. She meets a group of young people who bring her to Kent to work in the fields with them. When she returns to London, it is difficult for her to find a place to stay and after a while she is homeless and has to sleep in Trafalgar Square. Chapter 3. Dorothy spends a night outdoors in Trafalgar Square. She is arrested and spends 12 hours in prison. Chapter 4. Dorothy's father sends a letter to his cousin who helps Dorothy to get a job as a school teacher. The owner of the school is only interested in making money but Dorothy tries to make the classes more interesting for the students. The owner of the school does not like this and after a while she tells Dorothy to leave the school and Dorothy loses her job. Chapter 5. As Dorothy leaves the school, Mr. Warbuton arrives. He tells Dorothy that someone had spread rumours about her behaving badly but nobody believed them anymore and it was safe for Dorothy to return home. Mr. Warbuton asks Dorothy to marry him but she says no and ends up back in her old routine. Auto Club 400 The Auto Club 400 is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held annually at Auto Club Speedway in Fontana, California, It is held as the fifth race of the NASCAR season, held in conjunction with the NASCAR Xfinity Series the previous day, From 1997-2010, the race distance was 500 miles in distance, For the 2011 season onward, the race distance reduced to 400 miles in length. 1930 Dominican Republic hurricane The 1930 Dominican Republic hurricane was one of the most deadly tropical cyclones in the history of the Caribbean or Atlantic basin. It was the fifth deadliest Atlantic storm on record. The hurricane was small although strong when it went through the Caribbean. The storm caused 2,000-8,000 deaths, mostly in the Dominican Republic. Damage from the storm was over $50 million. The storm also struck Cuba and southern Florida. It then brushed eastern North Carolina with strong tropical storm force winds. Hurricane Bret Hurricane Bret was the only hurricane to Texas in the 1990s. The storm hit a lightly populated region of Texas on August 22-23, 1999. It was a small hurricane. Bret struck south-central Texas with winds of . There were four indirect deaths from the storm in Texas. Bret killed no people directly. Damage from Bret was unusually low for a major hurricane. STP 500 The STP 500 is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race. It is held every spring at Martinsville Speedway, It was first run in 1950 and held in conjunction with the Camping World Truck Series race the previous day. Goody's Powder sponsored the race from 1996 to 2002 and again in 2007 to 2012. The race is first of two races held at the racetrack, with the other one being the First Data 500 in November. The trophy is in the form of a grandfather clocks. Fox NASCAR Fox NASCAR, also known as NASCAR on Fox, is the brand name of NASCAR coverage provided by Fox Sports, that airs on Fox Sports 1, Fox Sports 2, Fox, Fox News Channel (formerly FX) and Fox Sports Net, The network covers the first sixteen Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series as well as fourteen NASCAR Xfinity Series races, and all 23 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series races. NASCAR on NBC NASCAR on NBC, also known as NBC NASCAR, is the brand of NASCAR coverage on NBCuniversal networks, NBC, NBCSN, USA Network and CNBC (for 2016 only), The networks aired the final 20 races of the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, final 19 races of the Xfinity Series, NBC had covered the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series and Xfinity Series from 2001 to 2006, with NBC airing the Ford EcoBoost 400 at Homestead in 1999. O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 The O'Reilly Auto Parts 500 is an annual Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held at Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas, United States. History. Samsung sponsored the race from 2002-2012, the sponsorship was grandfathered in 2003 when Nextel became title sponsor, when they banned wireless sponsorships, since the merger in 2005 with Sprint and Nextel, since Sprint and Nextel were combined. Keep the Aspidistra Flying Keep the Aspidistra Flying is a novel by George Orwell. It was published in 1936 and it was Orwell's third book. It tells the story of a man who does not want to focus on money and tries to live a different life. Background. Like the character in the book, Orwell spent some time working in a book shop. He used some of these experiences of living in poverty to give him ideas for the book. George Orwell said afterwards that he did not like this book. He said that it should not be published again until after he had died. Plot. The main character is a man called Gordon Comstock. He had a well paid job until he gave it up for a part time job in a book shop so he could spend more time writing poetry. He does not have much money and he struggles to pay for the basic things he needs like food and a place to live. Coming Up for Air Coming Up for Air is a novel by George Orwell. It was published in 1939, just before the beginning of World War II. It tells the story of a man called George Bowling who sees the world changing around him. Background. Orwell wrote the book in Morocco. He was there to get better after being shot in the Spanish Civil War. Plot. George Bowling is a 45 year old man who lives with his wife and children. He thinks about when he was a child and he used to enjoy spending time outdoors and going fishing. He wins some money on a horse race and decides to spend it on visiting the town where he grew up. When he returns to the town, he sees that everything has changed and that all the good things from his memories are now gone. Advance Auto Parts Clash The Advance Auto Parts Clash is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series exhibition race held annually at Daytona International Speedway in February the weekend before the Daytona 500, It began as the Busch Clash and was a 50-mile "all out sprint", In its current format, it is made up of two segments, starting with the 25-lap segment, which culminates with the final 50-lap segment, The race, like the Monster Energy NASCAR All Star Race in May, carries no points for the winner but rather a large purse, circumstances which are supposed to encourage an all-out driving style not seen in regular season races, where one series mistake can largely ruin a season. However, due to the smaller fields, huge crashes in the Daytona 500 are uncommon. The 1987 race, won by Bill Elliott, was completed at an average speed of , It stands as the fastest-sanctioned race in the history of NASCAR (though it was not a points-paying event). Can-Am Duel The Can-Am Duel is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series preliminary event before to the Daytona 500 held annually in February at Daytona International Speedway, It consists of two races, held on Thursday, determine the starting lineup for the Daytona 500 on Sunday. Qualifying for the Daytona 500 is unique in NASCAR, Only the two front row starters (the pole position and the outside pole) are determined by the ordinary qualifying process of timed laps, After the top two positions are locked in, the rest of the starting grid is set in the finishing order in both races, Drivers participate in one of the two races, Half the field entering the Daytona 500 races in the first race, and the other half the second, The finishing order of the first race fills the odd positions in the starting grid (inside of each row), and the finishing order for the second race fills the even positions of the starting grid (outside of each row). Jorasanko Jorasanko is a neighbourhood of north Kolkata, in Kolkata district, West Bengal, India. It is so called because of the two (jora) wooden or bamboo bridges (sanko) that spanned a small stream at this point. Ocuilan de Arteaga Ocuilan de Arteaga is a city in the state of México in Mexico. About 1,091 people live there. Food City 500 The Food City 500 is an annual Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held at Bristol Motor Speedway, it is one of two NASCAR races held at the circuit, with the other one being the Bass Pro Shops NRA Night Race in mid August, It was the first venue to host the fifth-generation car, a race won by Kyle Busch. The Food City 500 was sponsored by Stand Up to Cancer. History. The Food City 500 is one of the famous races at Bristol Motor Speedway in Tennessee, and it is home to two Xfinity Series race, two Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series races and one Camping World Truck Series race. In 2010 and 2017, Kyle Busch swept all three series at Bristol in the fall race. Modibo Keïta Modibo Keïta (4 June 1915 – 16 May 1977) was the first President of Mali (1960–1968) and the Prime Minister of the Mali Federation. He espoused a form of African socialism. Moussa Traoré Moussa Traoré (25 September 1936 – 15 September 2020) was a Malian soldier and politician. He was the President of Mali from 1968 to 1991. As a Lieutenant, he was ousted on 19 November 1968 military coup by Modibo Keïta. Traoré died on 15 September 2020 in Bamako, aged 83. Alpha Oumar Konaré Alpha Oumar Konaré (born 2 February 1946) is a former President of Mali for two five-year terms (1992 to 2002), and was Chairperson of the African Union Commission from 2003 to 2008. In September 2021, Konaré was urgently hospitalized in Morocco at Cheikh Zaid Hospital in Rabat. Randolph County, Alabama Randolph County is a county on the central eastern border of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 22,913. The county seat is Wedowee. The name is in honor of John Randolph, a member of the United States Senate from Virginia. Randolph County was founded on December 18, 1832. Wedowee, Alabama Wedowee is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is the county seat of Randolph County. At the 2010 census the population was 823, up from 818 in 2000. Russell County, Alabama Russell County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 52,947. The county seat is Phenix City. The name is in honor of Colonel Gilbert C. Russell, who fought in the wars against the Creek Indians. Russell County was founded on December 18, 1832. St. Clair County, Alabama St. Clair County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 83,593. It has two county seats in Ashville and another in Pell City. It is one of two counties in Alabama, and one of 33 in the United States, with more than one county seat. The name is in honor of General Arthur St. Clair, an officer in the French and Indian War. St. Clair County was founded on November 20, 1818. Sumter County, Alabama Sumter County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 13,763. The county seat is Livingston. The name is in honor of General Thomas Sumter of South Carolina. Sumter County was founded on December 18, 1832. Abigail Spencer Abigail Spencer (born August 4, 1981) is an American actress. She played Rebecca Tyree on the soap opera "All My Children" (1999-2001). She also had roles on "Mad Men" (2009). She later played Lucy Preston in the NBC science fiction show "Timeless". Spencer appeared in many movies, such as "This Means War" (2012), "Oz the Great and Powerful" (2013) and "The Sweet Life" (2016). Spencer was born in Gulf Breeze, Florida, near Pensacola. Cuba, Alabama Cuba is a town in Sumter County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 346, down from 363 in 2000. Intercourse, Alabama Intercourse is an unincorporated community in Sumter County, Alabama, United States. Emelle, Alabama Emelle is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Epes, Alabama Epes is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Gainesville, Alabama Gainesville is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. At the 2010 census the population was 208, down from 220. Gainesville was founded in 1832 and incorporated in 1835. Geiger, Alabama Geiger is a town in Sumter County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 170, up from 161 in 2000. Geiger was incorporated in 1912. Bellamy, Alabama Bellamy is a census-designated place (CDP) and unincorporated community in Sumter County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 543. Addison, Alabama Addison is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Akron, Alabama Akron () is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Allgood, Alabama Allgood, formerly known as Chepultepec, is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. At the 2010 census, the population was 622. Altoona, Alabama Altoona is a town in Alabama in the United States. Anderson, Alabama Anderson is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Ardmore, Alabama Ardmore is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Argo, Alabama Argo is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Ariton, Alabama Ariton is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Arley, Alabama Arley is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Ashford, Alabama Ashford is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. The population was 2,148 at the 2010 census, up from 1,853 at the 2000 census. Ashford was incorporated in June 1891. Autaugaville, Alabama Autaugaville is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Avon, Alabama Avon is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Babbie, Alabama Babbie is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Baileyton, Alabama Baileyton is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Banks, Alabama Banks is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Bear Creek, Alabama Bear Creek is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Beatrice, Alabama Beatrice is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Beaverton, Alabama Beaverton is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Belk, Alabama Belk is a town in Fayette County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 215. Benton, Alabama Benton is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Berry, Alabama Berry is a town in Fayette County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 1,148, down from 1,238 at the 2000 census. Billingsley, Alabama Billingsley is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Black, Alabama Black is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Blue Springs, Alabama Blue Springs is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Blountsville, Alabama Blountsville is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Cardiff, Alabama Cardiff is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Bon Air, Alabama Bon Air is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Fairview, Alabama Fairview is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Courtland, Alabama Courtland is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Boligee, Alabama Boligee is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Brantley, Alabama Brantley is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Brilliant, Alabama Brilliant is a town in Marion County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 900, up from 762 in 2000. Hollywood, Alabama Hollywood is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Vredenburgh, Alabama Vredenburgh is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Repton, Alabama Repton is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Riverview, Alabama Riverview is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Red Level, Alabama Red Level is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Eva, Alabama Eva is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Coffee Springs, Alabama Coffee Springs is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Castleberry, Alabama Castleberry is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Gordonville, Alabama Gordonville is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Talladega County, Alabama Talladega County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. In 2010, 82,291 people lived there. The county seat is Talladega. Dennis Richardson Dennis Michael Richardson (July 30, 1949 – February 26, 2019) was an American politician. On January 2, 2017, he became the 26th Secretary of State of Oregon. He was the Republican candidate for Governor of Oregon in the 2014 Oregon gubernatorial election. Richardson was born in Los Angeles, California. He studied at Brigham Young University. He served in the Oregon House of Representatives from 2003 to 2015. In May 2018, Richardson was diagnosed with glioblastoma, a rare form of brain cancer. He died on February 26, 2019 from the disease in Central Point, Oregon, aged 69. Ocuilan Municipality Ocuilan is a municipality in the state of México in Mexico. Tornado outbreak of November 14–16, 2006 From November 15 to 16, 2006, a series of tornadoes broke out across the southern United States. Most of the tornadoes happened on November 15, but ended with a deadly tornado in North Carolina on the morning of November 16. Synopsis. A moderate risk of severe weather was issued for the Southeast for the night of November 14 and November 15. It began in the overnight hours in Louisana and Arkansas. One tornado killed one person, another tornado in Mississippi led to several injuries, and in Montgomery, Alabama it destroyed a skating rink, but none of the 30 children inside suffered injuries. As the squall line pushed into Georgia and northern Florida, it allowed for supercells to form. A severe thunderstorm warning was issued for Riegelwood, North Carolina and a tornado warning was issued at 6:29 a.m. ET. At 6:37 a.m., a F3 tornado touched down and struck a mobile home park, killing eight people including a 6-year-old boy and a 13-year-old boy and 20 people were injured. Neil Argo Neil Argo (May 28, 1947 – August 2, 2018) was an American composer for movie and television working in Hollywood. He is most known for his work on the Public Broadcasting Service television series "Wild America". Armand de Las Cuevas Armand de Las Cuevas (26 June 1968 – 2 August 2018) was a French racing cyclist. He was born in Troyes, France. He won races such as the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré and the Clásica de San Sebastián. He was thought to have been one of the best time-trialists of the early 1990s, having won many prologues and individual time trials. De Las Cuevas retired to Réunion in 1999, where he founded a cycling school. He killed himself in Réunion on 2 August 2018, aged 50. Daan Schrijvers Daan Schijvers (18 September 1941 – 2 August 2018) was a Dutch football player. He played as a defender in Netherlands. He was also capped for the Dutch national team 22 times. Schrijvers made his debut for the Netherlands in a September 1962. He became skipper of the national team in 1964. Schijvers died on 2 August 2018 at the age of 76. Matija Barl Matija Barl (February 17, 1940 – August 3, 2018) was a Slovene actor, producer and translator. He was born in Ljubljana. In 1962 he founded and organized the first, oldest and most important Slovenian music festival called Slovenska popevka. He was known for his role as Kekec in the 1951 movie "Kekec". Barl died in Marezige on August 3, 2018, aged 78. Carlos Buttice Carlos "Batman" Buttice (December 17, 1942 in Monte Grande, Argentina – August 3, 2018 in Buenos Aires) was a football Goalkeeper. Buttice played for most of his career in clubs of Argentina, Brazil and Chile. In Chile Buttice played for Unión Española. He was part of the 1977 Unión Española team that won the Primera División de Chile. Buttice died in Buenos Aires on August 3, 2018, aged 75. Ingrid Espelid Hovig Ingrid Espelid Hovig (3 June 1924 – 3 August 2018) was a Norwegian television chef and author of cook books. With her appearances on her cooking show "Fjernsynskjøkkenet" over 26 years, between 1970 and 1996, she came to be considered the "culinary mother" of Norway,she was called "the Julia Child of Norway" often. Hovig was born on Askøy, near Bergen. Hovig died at the age of 94 on 3 August 2018 in Bergen. Moshé Mizrahi Moshé Mizrahi (; 5 September 1931 – 3 August 2018) was an Egyptian-Israeli movie director. He directed 14 movies in both Israel and France. Three of his movies were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, "I Love You Rosa", "The House on Chelouche Street" and "Madame Rosa", with the last of these winning the award. Tommy Peoples Tommy Peoples (1948 – 4 August 2018) was an Irish fiddler. He played in the Donegal fiddle tradition. Peoples was born near St. Johnston, County Donegal, in Ireland. In July 2015, he launched a self-published book "Ó Am go hAm - From Time to Time". He was member of well-known traditional Irish music groups, including 1691 and The Bothy Band. Peoples died on 4 August 2018, aged 70. Zbigniew Ścibor-Rylski Zbigniew Ścibor-Rylski (10 March 1917 – 3 August 2018) was a Polish brigadier general and aviator. He was a participant of the Warsaw Uprising during the World War II. He was a Polish Air Force officer. Ścibor-Rylski retired with the rank of brigadier general in the Polish Land Forces. He was rewarded several Polish awards and decorations, including "Virtuti Militari". He was Chairman of the Association of Warsaw Insurgents. Scotty Bowers George Albert "Scotty" Bowers (July 1, 1923 – October 13, 2019) was an American prostitute pimp and Marine. From the 1940s to the 1980s, a Hollywood pimp. His life was the purpose of the "Hollywood Babylon". Bowers finally decided to talk publicly about his life when most of the people involved were dead and, in his words, "The truth can’t hurt them anymore." Bowers died at his home in Los Angeles, aged 96, on October 13, 2019. The cause of death was kidney failure. Lorrie Collins Lawrencine May "Lorrie" Collins (May 7, 1942 – August 4, 2018) was an American country, rockabilly and rock and roll singer and guitarist. In the mid-1950s, she and her brother, Larry Collins, performed as the Collins Kids. She was born in Creek County, Oklahoma, near Sapulpa. Collins died on August 4, 2018 in Reno, Nevada from complications of a fall at the age of 76. Ricky Nelson Eric Hilliard Nelson (May 8, 1940 – December 31, 1985) was an American rock and roll musician, singer-songwriter and actor. He was born in Teaneck, New Jersey. Nelson starred alongside his family in the radio and television series "The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet". He was added into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on January 21, 1987. In 1996 Nelson was ranked #49 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time. He starred in "Rio Bravo" (1959). He placed 53 songs on the "Billboard" Hot 100, and its predecessors, between 1957 and 1973, including "Poor Little Fool" in 1958. Nelson and Sharon Kristin Harmon were married on April 20, 1963, and divorced in December 1982. They had four children: Tracy Kristine, twin sons Gunnar Eric and Matthew Gray, and Sam Hilliard. Nelson was killed in a plane crash near De Kalb, Texas on December 31, 1985 at the age of 45. De Kalb, Texas De Kalb ( ) is a city in Bowie County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,699 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Texarkana, Texas – Texarkana, Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area. Chuckle Brothers The Chuckle Brothers were an English children's entertainment comedy double act, Barry David Elliott (24 December 1944 – 5 August 2018) and Paul Harman Elliott (born 18 October 1947). They made the BBC show "ChuckleVision". The comedy of the Chuckle Brothers was slapstick and other visual gags, and their catchphrases included "To me, to you" and "Oh dear, oh dear". Their older brothers, Jimmy and Brian, were the comedy duo Patton Brothers. On 5 August 2018, Barry died of bone cancer, aged 73. Ellen Joyce Loo Ellen Joyce Loo (27 March 1986 – 5 August 2018) was a Canadian-born Hong Kong singer-songwriter. She was a founding member of the electrofolk and cantopop musical group at17. Loo was born in Toronto. Loo was diagnosed with bipolar disorder in 2013. She died after falling from her apartment building in Hong Kong on 5 August 2018, at the age of 32. Eleanor Bron Eleanor Bron (born 14 March 1938) is an English actress and an author. She is best known for her roles as Ahme in "Help!" and Miss Minchin in "A Little Princess" (1995). Alan Rabinowitz Alan Robert Rabinowitz (December 31, 1953 – August 5, 2018) was an American zoologist. He was the chief scientist at Panthera Corporation, a nonprofit conservation organization devoted to protecting the world's 40 wild cat species. He was called the "Indiana Jones of Wildlife Protection" by "Time". He studied jaguars, clouded leopards, Asiatic leopards, tigers, Sumatran rhinos, bears, leopard cats, raccoons, and civets. On August 5, 2018, Rabinowitz died from leukemia in Manhattan, aged 64. Piotr Szulkin Piotr Szulkin (; 26 April 1950 – 5 August 2018) was a Polish movie director and screenwriter. He directed over thirty movies, both Polish and international productions. He was a recipient of "Best Science Fiction Film Director" at Eurocon in 1984. He was also a professor at the National Film School in Łódź. His best known movies are ' and '. Szulkin died in Łódź on 5 August 2018, aged 68. David Pasquesi David Pasquesi (born December 23, 1960) is an American comedian and actor. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. His best known roles are in "Groundhog Day", "Strangers with Candy", "Curb Your Enthusiasm", "Return to Me", "The Ice Harvest", and "Veep". Pasquesi mainly works on stage in Chicago where he lives. Trebetherick Trebetherick is a village on the north coast of Cornwall, England. It is on the east side of the River Camel estuary. It is about six miles (10 kilometres) north of Wadebridge and half a mile (800 yards) south of Polzeath. Szeged Szeged is a city in Hungary. It is the fourth-largest city of the country by population. Szeged and the surrounding area have been inhabited since ancient times. The University of Szeged is one of the most renowned universities in Hungary. Landmarks. The town center is recognizable by two important landmarks: Other landmarks in Szeged: Connections. Two motorways and two national roads are connected with Szeged: Pécs Pécs is a city in Hungary. It is the fifth-largest city of the country by population. The city is located on the slopes of Mecsek mountains. Many People of Danube Swabians background life there and named local as "Stifolder or Stiffoller", because there Ancestors came once from Fulda (district). Landmarks. The town center can be recognized by two important buildings: Pécs also have 1 more recognizable-building: Connections. It's situated between M6 and M7 motorways, both of which originate from Budapest. There are also minor roads providing access to Pécs. A westward road (Road 6) provides connection (via Road 68) to the western end of M7, furthermore to the Road 8. An eastward road (Road 55) connects the city with Szeged. Trivia. Twin-cities of Pécs: Mull Mull (, ) is the second largest island of the Inner Hebrides (after Skye). It lies off the west coast of Scotland in the council area of Argyll and Bute. It has an area of . Mull is the fourth largest Scottish island and the fourth largest island surrounding Great Britain (excluding Ireland). In the 2011 census the usual population of Mull was 2,800. In the summer there are also many tourists. Much of the population lives in Tobermory, the only burgh on the island until 1973, and its capital. Tobermory is also home to Mull's only single malt Scotch whisky distillery: Tobermory distillery (formerly Ledaig). Kecskemét Kecskemét is a city in Hungary. It is located in the central part of the country. It is the eighth largest city of Hungary by population. The name of the city is derived from the word "kecske" which means "goat" in Hungarian language. Alan Garner Alan Garner OBE (born 17 October 1934) is an English author who writes children's fantasy novels. Early life. Garner was born in Congleton in the front room of his grandfather's house. He grew up in a town called Alderley Edge. His family told stories about the local area involving kings, knights and wizards. He played with his friends in the cliffs and forests around the town. He later used these experiences to give him ideas for his books. In 1953 he went to Oxford University but left after a few years because he wanted to concentrate on writing. Writing career. Garner worked as a labourer until his first book The Weirdstone of Brisingamen was published in 1960. It is set in the Alderley Edge mines and the story is about wizards and knights underground, just like in the stories Garner's family would tell. After the book was published, Garner gave up his job and started working as a television reporter instead. He made very little money. At this time, he started to work on a second book called The Moon of Gomrath. In 1965, Elidor was published, telling the story of four children who enter a fantasy world. Tallapoosa County, Alabama Tallapoosa County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 41,616. The county seat is Dadeville. The name Tallapoosa is of Creek origin, and many Indian villages were along the banks of the lower river before the 19th century. Tallapoosa County was founded on December 18, 1832. Jasper, Alabama Jasper is a city in Alabama in the United States. It is the county seat of Walker County. Washington County, Alabama Washington County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,581. The county seat is Chatom. The county was named in honor of George Washington, the first President of the United States. Geography. Washington County has a total area of 1,089 square miles. Chatom, Alabama Chatom is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. The town is the county seat of Washington County. Wilcox County, Alabama Wilcox County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 11,670. The county seat is Camden. History. Wilcox County was founded on December 13, 1819. The county was named after Joseph M. Wilcox, a U.S. Army lieutenant who was killed in Alabama during the Creek War. Geography. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (2.1%) is water. Camden, Alabama Camden is a city in Alabama in the United States. The city is the county seat of Wilcox County. Winston County, Alabama Winston County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population was 23,540. Its county seat is Double Springs. It was also known as Hancock County before 1858, the county is named in honor of John A. Winston, the fifteenth Governor of Alabama. Winston County was founded under the name Hancock County on February 12, 1850. Double Springs, Alabama Double Springs is a town in Winston County, Alabama, United States. The town is the county seat of Winston County. At the 2010 census the population was 1,083, up from 1,003 in 2000. Brookside, Alabama Brookside is a town in north-central Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,363. Detroit, Alabama Detroit is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Ethelsville, Alabama Ethelsville is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama.The town is in the county of Pickens. Gordo, Alabama Gordo is a town of Alabama in the United States. The name was derived from the Battle of Cerro Gordo during the Mexican-American War. McMullen, Alabama McMullen is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. In U.S states there are counties. McMullen is in Pickens County. Memphis, Alabama Memphis, also known as Old Memphis, is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Pickensville, Alabama Pickensville is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Brookwood, Alabama Brookwood is a town in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, United States. It was incorporated in September 1977. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,828. Newton, Alabama Newton is a town in Dale County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, there were 1,511 living in Newton. Riverside, Alabama Riverside is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Frisco City, Alabama Frisco City is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Camp Hill, Alabama Camp Hill is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Kansas, Alabama Kansas is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Carolina, Alabama Carolina is a town in Covington County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 297. It is about south of Montgomery and about west of Dothan. Coosada, Alabama Coosada is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Providence, Alabama Providence is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Center Point, Alabama Center Point is a city in Alabama in the United States . Kellyton, Alabama Kellyton is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama . Pleasant Groves, Alabama Pleasant Groves is a town in Jackson County, Alabama, United States. It was incorporated on February 17, 1993. As of the 2010 census, the population of the town was 420, down from 447 in 2000. This town is not to be confused with Pleasant Grove. Dayton, Alabama Dayton is a town in Marengo County, Alabama, United States. The population was 52 at the 2010 census, down from 60 in 2000. DeKalb County DeKalb County is the name of six counties in the United States: DeKalb County, Missouri DeKalb County is a county in the northwest part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 12,892. The county seat is Maysville. The county was founded on February 25, 1845. It is named after General Johann de Kalb, Baron de Kalb, of the American Revolutionary War. Cowarts, Alabama Cowarts is a town in Houston County, Alabama, United States. The town was incorporated in August 1961. At the 2010 census the population was 1,871, up from 1,546 in 2000. Winston County Winston County is the name of two counties in the United States: Chickasaw, Alabama Chickasaw is a city in Alabama in the United States. Dozier, Alabama Dozier is a town in Crenshaw County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 329. Dozier was incorporated in 1907. Discworld Discworld is a series of fantasy books by the English author Terry Pratchett (1948-2015). There are 41 novels in total as well as short stories and guidebooks. All of them are set on the Discworld, which is a flat planet balanced on the back of four elephants who stand on the back of a giant turtle. Make believe creatures like dragons, dwarves and elves live on the Discworld. Storylines. The Discworld books follow lots of different characters and storylines. Sometimes, the same main characters are used in several books to create a story arc: Rincewind. Rincewind was the first main character in Discworld books. He is a wizard who does not know any spells and tries to run away from everything. Even though he is a coward, he saves the world several times by accident. Death. Death is seen in all the Discworld books except for The Wee Free Men and Snuff. He is a seven foot tall skeleton who appears when people die to take their souls to the afterlife. Even though he is seen as frightening, he is sometimes kind to people. He especially likes cats. City Watch. The City Watch is a police force in one of the main cities on the Discworld. At the beginning of the series, there are only a few members of the City Watch and they are lazy and useless. Later in the series, they grow to have many members and stop crimes around the city. Witches. The main witch in the series is Granny Weatherwax. She seems not to like most people but still helps to heal them when they are sick and deliver babies. The Colour of Magic The Colour of Magic is a fantasy book by Terry Pratchett. It was published in 1983 and it is the first book in the "Discworld" series. Plot. The story follows Rincewind, a wizard who can do no magic and is very cowardly. He is forced to act as a guide to a man called Twoflower who is the first tourist on Discworld. Adaptations. A TV version of the book was made with David Jason playing the part of Rincewind. A text based computer game version was released in 1986. Sorites paradox Sorites paradox (also called Paradox of the heap) is a paradox that arises when unclear terms are used. The name of the paradox is related to the Greek word for "heap" ('soros'). There are different versions, but a typical one involves a heap of sand. The heap is made of many grains of sand. So if one grain is removed, the structure will still be a heap. This process can be repeated, until only one grain of sand is left. Since the heap never changed to a non-heap, this grain of sand is still a heap. The paradox works the other way as well. If one begins with one grain of sand and adds another, and then another; when do the grains of sand become a heap? The Light Fantastic The Light Fantastic is a fantasy book by Terry Pratchett. It was published in 1986 and it is the second book in the "Discworld" series. Plot. The book follows on from "The Colour of Magic". Rincewind the cowardly wizard continues his adventure with Twoflower the Discworld's first tourist. Adaptations. A TV version of the book was made with David Jason playing the part of Rincewind, and Christopher Lee playing the part of Death. Nancy Tuckerman Nancy Ludlow Tuckerman (December 24, 1928 – August 1, 2018) was an American secretary. She was born in Manhattan, New York. Career. Tuckerman was the White House Social Secretary during the Kennedy administration from early 1963 until Lyndon B. Johnson being sworn-in in November 1963. After the Kennedy assassination, she remained the personal secretary to Jackie Kennedy until Kennedy's death in 1994. Tuckerman died on August 1, 2018 of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Salisbury, Connecticut, aged 89. Robert Dugard Robert “Bob” Dugard (3 July 1942 – 5 August 2018) was an English motorcycle speedway rider and promoter. He was born Hove, East Sussex. Dugard rode with Eastbourne Eagles, Wimbledon Dons, and West Ham Hammers. He was the owner of Arlington Stadium. Dugard died on 5 August 2018 in Hove from lung cancer, aged 76. 2.0 (movie) 2.0 is an Indian science fiction movie written and directed by S. Shankar, co-written by B. Jeyamohan, and produced by Subaskaran Allirajah. The movie serves as a spiritual successor to the 2010 Tamil movie "Enthiran," and features Rajinikanth reprising the roles of Dr. Vaseegaran and Chitti, alongside Akshay Kumar and Amy Jackson. With an estimated budget of 570 crore it is the most expensive Indian movie made to date. The movie is being shot in Tamil and additional dubbed releases in 13 other languages. The movie is scheduled to be released theatrically on 29 November 2018. This film received positive reviews. Joël Robuchon Joël Robuchon (, 7 April 1945 – 6 August 2018) was a French chef and restaurateur. He was born in Poitiers, France. Robuchon was named "Chef of the Century" by the guide Gault Millau in 1989. He was awarded the Meilleur Ouvrier de France (France's best worker) in cuisine in 1976. He published many cookbooks. He also hosted culinary television shows in France. Robuchon owned a dozen restaurants called: L'Atelier de Joël Robuchon in Bangkok, Bordeaux, Hong Kong, Las Vegas, London, Macau, Monaco, Montreal, Paris, Singapore, Taipei, Tokyo, and New York City. He had a total of 32 "Michelin Guide" stars among them, the most of any chef in the world. Robuchon died from pancreatic cancer on 6 August, 2018 in Geneva, Switzerland, aged 73. KFUO KFUO (850 AM) is a Christian radio station in St. Louis County, Missouri. It can be heard locally on the radio, and it also streams online. It is the longest-running Christian radio station in the United States. The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS) owns and runs the station. It broadcasts talk programs about the Bible, theology, and society. It also plays Lutheran sacred music. The station broadcasts four Lutheran church services on the weekends. KFUO's studios are in the LCMS headquarters in Kirkwood, Missouri. The transmitter is located at Concordia Seminary in Clayton. KFUO broadcasts on the same frequency as KOA (AM) in Denver, Colorado. KOA is a clear-channel station. Because of this, KFUO must stop at night. The station's website plays sacred music when the 850 AM signal is off the air. History. On February 19, 1923, Richard Kretzschmar said that there should be a Lutheran radio station. This happened at a meeting of the Board of Control of Concordia Seminary. Then they raised money from students and other Lutheran organizations. Then they started a "radio committee" to oversee the project. Soon afterwards, construction for the station began at the seminary. At this time, it was located in St. Louis. The control room and studio for the station were located in the attic of one of the seminary buildings. The license to broadcast was issued on October 25, 1924. The station went on air for the first time the next day. It broadcast a speech about the laying of the cornerstone for the new seminary being constructed in Clayton. The station was formally dedicated and began regular broadcasting on December 14, 1924. In 1927, the station moved to the new campus of Concordia Seminary in Clayton. At first, KFUO had to share frequences with other stations. The FCC approved the station to move to 830 kHz on July 1, 1940. By September 1941, the FCC reassigned the station to 850 kHz, where it has remained to this day. It also received a "limited time" license because this was the same frequency as KOA in Denver. KFUO can only operate between 80.5 and 102.5 hours per week. The exact hours depend on the times of sunrise and sunset in Denver. The LCMS started the FM station KFUO-FM at 99.1 MHz in 1948. At first, the FM station broadcast the same thing as the AM station. In 1975, KFUO-FM switched to broadcasting classical music. In March 2010 the FM station was sold to Gateway Creative Broadcasting. On July 7, 2010 of that year it switched to a Contemporary Christian format. In 1997, the FCC said that the LCMS's radio stations had violated the FCC's Equal Employment Opportunity requirements. The FCC said that KFUO and KFUO-FM did not hire enough minorities, women, and non-Lutherans. The LCMS lost an appeal within the FCC, and then appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. That court found, in Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod v. FCC (1998), that the FCC's requirements were unconstitutional. KFUO began streaming its broadcast on the station's web site, kfuo.org, in 1998. In 2004, KFUO started its HD radio station, the first in Missouri. In 2008, there was a controversy about the theological talk show, "Issues, Etc.". The program was removed from the station on March 18. The producer and host were also fired. Three weeks later, the management of KFUO announced that "Issues, Etc." was canceled because the station did not have enough money for it. The station did not make its financial information public. About 75 people had a peaceful protest outside the LCMS International Center to question the station's motives. More than 7,000 people signed a petition online to ask for the program to be returned. The program started again on another local Christian radio station on June 30, 2008. On March 13, 2012, the program returned to KFUO. The company that now produces it, Lutheran Public Radio, now pays KFUO for airtime. The studios of KFUO were moved to the LCMS International Center, the LCMS's headquarters in Kirkwood, Missouri, on June 24, 2013. The transmitter is still located at Concordia Seminary. Kris Kobach Kris William Kobach (born March 26, 1966) is an American politician. He was the 31st Secretary of State of Kansas from 2011 to 2019. He served as Chairman of the Kansas Republican Party from 2007 to 2009. He is the Republican nominee for Attorney General of Kansas in the 2022 election. Kobach was the Republican candidate for Governor of Kansas after beating incumbent Governor Jeff Colyer in the primaries by 345 votes. He lost to Democrat Laura Kelly in the general election. On July 8, 2019, Kobach launched his 2020 campaign for the United States Senate seat of retiring Senator Pat Roberts. He lost the Republican nomination to U.S. Representative Roger Marshall in August 2020. Kobach was born in Madison, Wisconsin. He studied at Harvard University, University of Oxford, and at Howard University School of Law. He served on the Overland Park City Council. Kobach was a professor of constitutional law at the University of Missouri–Kansas City. War of the Third Coalition The War of the Third Coalition was a European War during the years 1803 to 1806. During the war, France and the countries it conquered, led by Napoleon I, defeated an alliance, called The Third Coalition. The Third Coalition was made up of the Holy Roman Empire, Russia, Britain and others. The main fighting in Central Europe ended with Napoleon's victory at the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805 but a smaller campaign continued in Italy until Napoleon won there, too. War of the Fourth Coalition The Fourth Coalition fought in a war against Napoleon's French Empire from 1806–1807. The coalition was defeated. Countries in the Coalition included Prussia, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and Great Britain. Several members of the coalition had previously been fighting France in the Third Coalition, and there wasn't any peace in between wars. On October 9, 1806, Prussia joined a new coalition, fearing that France was becoming more powerful after it defeated Austria and established the Confederation of the Rhine. Prussia and Russia prepared for a new campaign. Prussian troops moved to Saxony. On 14 October 1806, the French defeated the Prussian army at the Battle of Jena-Auerstadt. Then French forces occupied Prussia and captured Berlin. Later they advanced towards Poland and Russia. On 7-8 February 1807, the French and Russian armies fought the Battle of Eylau. There was no clear winner. On 14 June 1807, the French defeated the Russians at the Battle of Friedland. In July 1807, France made peace with Russia, ending the war. This left Napoleon as ruler of most of western and central Europe. The exceptions were Spain, Portugal, Austria, and a few smaller states. These were able to remain independent. Even though the Fourth Coalition came to an end, Britain remained at war with France. Later that year, the Peninsular War started. Thomas B. Evans Jr. Thomas Beverley Evans Jr. (born November 5, 1931) is an American lawyer and politician. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was a three term as U.S. Representative from Delaware from 1977 to 1983. Uvalde, Texas Uvalde ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Uvalde County, Texas, United States. The population was 15,751 at the 2010 census. Uvalde was founded in 1853 by Reading Wood Black as the town of "Encina". Encina was later renamed as "Uvalde" in 1856 after the Spanish governor Juan de Ugalde (Cádiz, Andalusia, 1729–1816). On May 24, 2022, 19 children and 3 adults were killed in an elementary school mass shooting. 2016 United States presidential election in Oklahoma The 2016 United States presidential election in Oklahoma was held on 8 November 2016. It was part of the 2016 United States presidential election, in which all other states plus the District of Columbia voted. In the presidential election, Donald Trump easily defeated Hillary Clinton and received 7 electoral votes. Presidential. Polling. Below is a table with the polling results in Oklahoma. Oklahoma has voted Republican in the general election since 1968. Three-way race Results. Hillary Clinton only received 28.9% of the statewide vote. This is the lowest number any Democratic candidate has received in Oklahoma since 1972, when George McGovern received only 24.0% of the vote. Results by county. Donald Trump won every county in the state. This is the fourth consecutive election in Oklahoma in which all counties voted for the Republican candidate. Primaries. Democratic. The Democratic primary occurred on March 1, 2016. Republican. The Republican primary occurred on March 1, 2016. Lyric poetry Lyric poetry is a formal type of poetry which expresses personal feelings, usually spoken in the first person. The term derives from a form of Ancient Greek literature, the lyric, which was defined by its musical accompaniment, usually on a stringed instrument known as a lyre. Examples of lyric poets from the 20th century are the Frenchmen Paul Éluard and Paul Valéry and the Englishmen Robert Graves and Ted Hughes. American poets who wrote lyric poetry H.D., Shel Silverstein, Anne Sexton, and T. S. Eliot. FeesMustFall Fees Must Fall was a student protest to ask universities to drop fee hikes in South Africa and Namibia between 2015 and 2017. It was led student activists mainly from political parties, youth movements and student organisations. Notable Activists. South Africa Economic Freedom Fighters The Economic Freedom Fighters is a South African far left political party. It was formed in 2013 and has representatives at both local and national governments. Draymond Green Draymond Jamal Green Sr. (born March 4, 1990 in also known as Jeremy Rosales 2.0 Saginaw, Michigan) is an American basketball player. He plays for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association at the power forward position. Green has won NBA title thrice. He has also been declared NBA All-Star three times. Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco Marshal Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco () (20 September 1897 – 18 July 1967) was a Brazilian military leader and politician. He served as the first President of the Brazilian military government after the 1964 military coup d'etat. Castelo Branco was killed in an aircraft collision in July 1967, soon after the end of his Presidency. Personal Life. Castelo Branco was born in a wealthy Northeastern Brazilian family. His father, Cândido Borges Castelo Branco, was a general. His mother, Antonieta Alencar Castelo Branco, came from a family of intellectuals (which included the writer José de Alencar). He was married to Argentina Vianna, and had two children, Nieta and Paulo. Dareen Tatour Dareen Tatour (Arabic: دارين طاطور, born April 16, 1982 in Reineh) is a Palestinian poet and photographer. She wrote an Arabic book called "The Final Invasion", which she published in 2010. In 2017, an English anthology of Palestinian poets called "A Blade of Grass: New Palestinian Poetry" included translations of her writing. She is a citizen of Israel. Imprisonment. She was arrested in 2015 by Israeli police. They accused her of terrorism and inciting violence. Then her trial became famous and many free speech activists defended her. In May 2018 she was found guilty, and in July 2018 she was sent to prison for six months. She served 42 days in prison and was set free on September 20, 2018. Trial. At Tatour's trial, a police officer translated her poem, "Resist them, my people, resist them." This police officer was not a professional translator and did not have experience with literature. Tatour's defense team invited a professional translator. Tatour's accusers said the professional translator was biased. Tatour's accusers also showed one of her Facebook posts. It said "I am the next martyr." They claimed that this meant she was planning terrorism. They also showed that she had shared the Facebook status of a terrorist group. Tatour's defense team invited literature professors to her trial. They said that the Russian Empire and British Mandate of Palestine did not put Jewish writers on trial for "much harsher words." Protests. Many writers protested her arrest. In June 2016, there was a protest in Tel Aviv. Almost 20 poets, writers and translators read their writing. Sami Michael wrote that her arrest showed that Israel was helpless and its culture had failed. He said that Israel could not defend itself but could only make writers be quiet. The poet Lilach Weber also wrote a poem about her. In October 2016 more than 180 poets, writers and intellectuals asked for her freedom. Four of them were winners of the Israel Prize: A. B. Yehoshua, Tuvia Rivner, Avishai Margalit and Shimon Sandbank. The statement said Tatour was "arrested and tried for writing a poem." They believed this went against "democracy, free speech and creativity." They added that it made it difficult for Arabs and Jews to talk to each other and end the Arab-Israeli conflict. A poet and activist named Tal Nitzan led these efforts. After she was found guilty, PEN International wrote that she was only doing her job as a writer: "we use our words to peacefully challenge injustice." Freedom. Tatour was set free on September 20, 2018. Durban University of Technology Durban University of Technology (DUT) is a South African public university that is in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. It was merged into a university in 2002 and it has about 29,000 students. Steven Ogg Steven Ogg is a Canadian actor. He is best known for his roles as Trevor Philips in the video game "Grand Theft Auto V" (2013) and as Simon in the AMC series "The Walking Dead". He has also appeared in television series such as "Better Call Saul", "Law & Order", "Person of Interest", "Broad City" and "Westworld". Ogg was born in Calgary, Alberta. He has a son, Bodhi. Affirmative Repositioning Affirmative Repositioning Movement (AR) is a radical youth political movement in Namibia which advocates for Namibians to own urban land. It was formed in 2014 as young Namibians held mass protests to demand land, it now participates in Namibian land reform. Middle High German Middle High German is the form of the German language spoken and written in the High Middle Ages. It is usually placed in the period between 1050 and 1350. It developed from Old High German and then developed into Early New High German. Mbuyiseni Ndlozi Mbuyiseni Ndlozi (born 9 May 1985) is a South African politician. He is a youth leader serving the spokesperson for the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF). Ndlozi is the youngest member of parliament for the party in the South African Parliament. He obtained his PhD in Political Science from Wits University in 2017. Mort Mort is a fantasy book by Terry Pratchett. It was published in 1987 and it is the fourth book in the Discworld series. It is the first Discworld book to focus on the character of Death. Plot. Mort is a young man who is not well suited to working with his family on their farm. His father takes him to find an apprenticeship and he finds one working for Death, a seven foot tall skeleton who collects the souls of dead people. Death takes Mort to his world where he meets his servant and his daughter. WannaCry ransomware attack WannaCry ransomware attack was a worm that infected many Windows computers around the world on May 2017. The worm had spread malware that encrypted the user's computer data (i.e. scrambled the user's computer data into meaningless information) and demanded affected users to pay $300 Bitcoin within 3 days or $600 Bitcoin within 7 days before all of the affected computer's data is destroyed. The malware had cost the world millions to billions of dollars to fix their servers and computers. Background. The WannaCry ransomware attack started in May 14th 2017. After the WannaCry ransomware attack started, companies and universities around the world have researched ways to eliminate spread of the malware. After four days, the malware did not spread any further, and it was now easy to eliminate the malware. The person who started the ransomware attack was Park Jin-hyok, who is a computer hacker in North Korea. On September 6, 2018, the US Department of Justice charged Park Jin-hyok for helping make the program for the WannaCry ransomware, as well as being responsible for the Sony Pictures hack of 2014. John C. Demers, the head of the Justice Department’s National Security Division, said in a statement: Mr. Park, who also went by the alias Pak Jin Hek, is unlikely to see the inside of an American courtroom. The United States has no direct, formal relations with North Korea and did not communicate with its reclusive government ahead of the charges. Brenda Fassie Brenda Nokuzola Fassie (3 November 1964 – 9 May 2004) was a South African anti-apartheid Afropop singer. Early life. She was named after American singer Brenda Lee. Fassie's music became a symbol of hope for the South African black community during its Apartheid painful days. Death. Fassie died on 9 May 2004, aged 39. Lucky Dube Lucky Philip Dube (pronounced "duu-beh"; 3 August 1964 – 18 October 2007) was a South African reggae musician and Rastafarian. He recorded over 27 albums in English, Zulu and Afrikaans over a span of 12 years. Death. Dube was shot and killed in Johannesburg on 18 October 2007 at the age of 43. 2018 United States Senate election in Texas The 2018 United States Senate election in Texas took place on November 6, 2018. Ted Cruz ran for a second term. He ran against Democrat Beto O'Rourke, and Libertarian Neal Dikeman. Ted Cruz won the election. 2018 United States Senate election in Arizona The 2018 United States Senate election in Arizona took place on November 6, 2018. The election was between Republican Martha McSally, and Democrat Kyrsten Sinema. Kyrsten Sinema won the election. Primary election. Republican. Candidates. Below is a list of the major Republican candidates. Roop - Mard Ka Naya Swaroop Roop — Mard Ka Naya Swaroop (English: "Roop — New Form of Man") is an Indian television series that airs on Colors TV. It premiered on 28 May 2018, and is produced by Rashmi Sharma of Rashmi Sharma Telefilms Limited. Arthur Samuel Arthur Lee Samuel (December 5, 1901 – July 29, 1990) was an American pioneer in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence. He coined the term "machine learning" in 1959. The Samuel Checkers-playing Program was among the world's first successful self-learning programs, and as such a very early demonstration of the fundamental concept of artificial intelligence (AI). He was also a senior member in the TeX community who devoted much time giving personal attention to the needs of users and wrote an early TeX manual in 1983. Jakob Schönenberger Jakob Schönenberger (2 October 1931 – 1 August 2018), was a Swiss conservative politician and businessman for the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland. He worked as lawyer. From 1961 to 1976 Schönenberger was a municipal councilor in Kirchberg and from 1968 to 1980 for the CVP in the Canton of St. Gallen Kantonsrat. From 1979 to 1991 he sat in the Council of States. Nicholas Bett Nicholas Kiplagat Bett (27 January 1990 – 8 August 2018) was a Kenyan track and field athlete who competed in the 400 metres hurdles. His personal best for the event is 47.79 seconds. He was a world champion in the event, having won in 2015 and a two-time bronze medallist at the African Championships in Athletics. He was born in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. Death. Bett was killed in a car crash in Nandi Hills, Kenya on 8 August 2018, aged 28. Godrich Gardee Godrich Gardee is a South African politician, MP & Secretary General of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF). He became involved in politics from 1985. He has Higher National Diploma in Accounting and Auditing. Psycho (1998 movie) Psycho is a 1998 horror movie directed by Gus Van Sant. It is a shot-for-shot remake of the original Psycho movie. That means all the parts of the movie were made in the same way as the original, the only difference being that it's now in color and has stereo sound. The film was not liked by many critics and audiences for that reason. Rocket engine nozzle A rocket engine nozzle is a nozzle used in a rocket engine to make the burning propellants go out faster and over a bigger area. Nozzle shape. The difference between the skinniest part of the nozzle to where the burning fuel comes out is what makes the rocket work so well. The shape of the nozzle is important too, with the best nozzle angle being about 15 degrees, and a smooth angle for the nozzle. Anne Manie, Alabama Anne Manie, sometimes spelled Annemanie, is an unincorporated community in Wilcox County, Alabama, United States. Carbon Hill, Alabama Carbon Hill is a city in Walker County, Alabama, United States. It was incorporated in February 1891. At the 2010 census the population was 2,021, down from 2,071 in 2000. Cedar Bluff, Alabama Cedar Bluff is a town in Cherokee County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 1,820. Cedar Bluff is on the north shore of Weiss Lake, noted for its crappie fishing. Chelsea, Alabama Chelsea is a city in Alabama in the United States. Masahiko Tsugawa , born Masahiko Kato (加藤雅彦 "Katō Masahiko", January 2, 1940—August 4, 2018) was a Japanese actor and director. Tsugawa was born in Kyoto, Japan. He was known for his roles in "Otoko wa Tsurai yo", "", and "Tampopo". Death. Tsugawa died from heart failure on August 4, 2018 in Kyoto at the age of 78. John Ciaccia John Ciaccia (March 4, 1933 – August 7, 2018) was an Italian-born Canadian provincial cabinet minister. He was born in Jelsi, Italy, but raised in Montreal, Quebec. Ciaccia was a member of Quebec’s National Assembly from 1973 to 1998, representing the Mount Royal riding for the Quebec Liberal Party. He was Minister of the Energy and Natural Resources, International Affairs, Native Affairs, and Immigration and Cultural Communities. Death. Ciaccia died on August 7, 2018 in Montreal at the age of 85. Gustavo Giagnoni Gustavo Giagnoni (23 March 1932 – 7 August 2018) was an Italian professional footballer and coach. He played as a defender. Early life. He was born in Olbia, Italy. As a player, he started his career with hometown side Olbia Calcio. He went on to spend a decade playing as a sweeper for Mantova and three seasons at Reggiana. Death. Giagnoni died on 7 August 2018 in Mantova, Italy, aged 86. Anton Lehmden Anton Lehmden (2 January 1929 in Nitra, Slovakia – 7 August 2018 in Vienna) was an Austrian painter, draughtsman, and printmaker. Lehmden was a co-founder of the Vienna School of Fantastic Realism. In 1948 he was represented in exhibitions of the Vienna Art-Club and has also been represented in many international exhibitions. Lehmden's work has been extensively exhibited in Italy, Austria, Japan, United States, Germany, Turkey and Poland. Lehmden died on 7 August 2018 in Vienna at the age of 89. Romelu Lukaku Romelu Lukaku (born 13 May 1993) is a Belgian football player. He has Congolese origins. Lukaku plays professionally for Inter Milan and for the Belgium national team. Cherokee, Alabama Cherokee is a town in Colbert County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,048. Carbon Hill Carbon Hill is the name of three places in the United States: Calera, Alabama Calera is a city in Shelby and Chilton counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. The population was 3,158 at the 2000 census. Population. As of the 2010 census the population had more than tripled to 11,620, making it the fastest-growing city in Alabama. Tendai Biti Tendai Laxton Biti (born 6 August 1966) is a Zimbabwean politician. He served as finance minister from 2009 to 2013 during a Zanu-PF and MDC-Alliance coalition government. Citronelle, Alabama Citronelle is a city in Alabama in the United States. It is about north of Semmes. Semmes, Alabama Semmes (pronounced , locally ) is a city in western Mobile County, Alabama, United States. Clayhatchee, Alabama Clayhatchee is a town in Dale County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 589, up from 501 in 2000. It was incorporated in April 1967. Napier Field, Alabama Napier Field is a town in Dale County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 354. Pinckard, Alabama Pinckard is a town in Dale County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 647. Pinckard was incorporated in 1893. Geography. Pinckard is in southeastern Dale County at (31.312803, -85.545713). It is bordered to the east by the town of Midland City and to the northwest by the town of Newton. The northeast border of Pinckard follows the northeast side of U.S. Route 231, a four-lane highway which leads northwest to Ozark, the county seat, and southeast to Dothan. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which , or 0.16%, is water. Lady Gaga Enigma Lady Gaga Enigma is the first Las Vegas residency concert series by American singer-songwriter Lady Gaga. It started on December 28, 2018, at the MGM Park Theater in Las Vegas. There are 23 "Enigma" shows, where Gaga will perform a "brand-new odyssey of her pop hits built as an experience unlike any other." There will also be four "Jazz & Piano" shows, where she will perform standards and some of her own material. Five additional Jazz & Piano shows were added, bringing the total of both shows to 32. On May 9, 2019, Gaga performed the show at the Sapphire Now and ASUG Annual Conference in Orlando, Florida. She also performed at Apple Inc.'s new headquarters, Apple Park, on May 17. She was announced to perform at the Apollo Theater in Harlem, New York, on June 24. At a show, Gaga announced she would perform in Vegas for another two years. Midland City, Alabama Midland City is a town in Dale County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 2,344. Midland City was incorporated in 1890. It is part of the Ozark Micropolitan Statistical Area. Corrèze (disambiguation) Corrèze can mean: Corrèze might also refer to: Charente (disambiguation) Charente can mean: Hérault (disambiguation) Hérault can mean: Douglas, Alabama Douglas is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Sardis City, Alabama Sardis City is a town in Etowah and Marshall counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. It was originally incorporated in May 1963 under the name of Sardis. It later became Sardis City in the 1980s. At the 2010 census, the population was 1,704. Oak Hill, Alabama Oak Hill is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is in Wilcox County. According to the 1940 U.S. Census, it was incorporated in 1938. The population was 26 at the 2010 census, down from 37 in 2000. It is the second smallest incorporated town in Alabama as of 2010, behind McMullen. Carlos Almenar Otero Carlos José Almenar Otero (21 March 1926 – 7 August 2018) was a Venezuelan singer-songwriter. He was born in Caracas. He was President of the Almenar Otero Foundation which he founded in 1989. Life. Almenar Otero recorded more than 20 albums in four different languages: German, Italian, English, and Spanish. During the 50's and 60's he made concert tours in more than 15 countries. He was known for his songs "Cara Mia" "Arpa, mar y llano", and "Ven a mis brazos". He was also singing professor and vocal coach of Venezuelan singers Gioconda, Maximo Manuel, Edward Mena, among others. Death. Almenar Otero died on 7 August 2018 from pneumonia in Miami, Florida, aged 92. Lamberton, Minnesota Lamberton is a town in Redwood County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 824 at the 2010 census. Burr Ridge, Illinois Burr Ridge (formerly Harvester) is a village in Illinois and a suburb of Chicago, in Cook and DuPage counties, Illinois, United States. The village is one of the richest towns in Illinois. It is locally known for its large beautiful mansions. The population was 10,559 at the 2010 census. Carnegie, Pennsylvania Carnegie () is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the Pittsburgh Metro Area. The population was 7,972 in the 2010 census. Development economics Different countries have economies that are in different states of development. Development economics is a branch of economics that looks at ways on how to improve economic development. Very often, it is used in developing countries. In these context, many factors that are outside pure microecomics hinder economic development: A developing country may have a low literacy, or a high infant mortality. Plans to improve economic development in such a country therefore also needs to provide a solution to these problems (which are not economic ones). Economic development generally is measured by the human development index, life expectancy etc.These are the tools which institutions like IMF and world Bank use to classify a country as a developed, underdeveloped or newly industrialized emerging economies. Charlottesville car attack On August 12, 2017, a car crashed into a group of people at the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia. Heather Heyer died and 19 others were injured. James Alex Fields Jr. was arrested and sentenced to life in prison. He had previously expressed neo-Nazi and white supremacist beliefs. During the 2020 George Floyd protests, the United States Marine Corps made a rule against showing the Confederate flag at their bases. In the announcement, they said "events like the violence in Charlottesville in 2017 highlight the divisiveness the use of the Confederate battle flag has on our society." N'Golo Kanté N'Golo Kanté (; born 29 March 1991) is a French football player. He plays for both Chelsea Football Club and the French national team. He made his name in the English Premier League with Leicester City. They won the league on 2015/16, largely because his tackles in midfield and passes to Jamie Vardy created so many goals. Chelsea bought him next year (2016/17) for £32 million, and they also won the league that year. Since then opposing sides have adjusted to his particular skills, and he has been somewhat less successful. Nevertheless, his performance has been extraordinary as a midfielder only 5'6" tall in an era where most defenders are much taller. Kanté made his senior international debut for France in 2016. In 2017 Kanté was named the French Player of the Year, a first for a player from the Premier League in seven years. 12 months later he was a key member of the 2018 FIFA World Cup winning squad. Personal life. Kanté's parents moved to France in 1980 from the African country of Mali 11 years before his birth. Floyd Shivambu Nyiko Floyd Shivambu (born 1 January 1983) is a South African politician. He is serving as a member of parliament for the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF). Career. Shivambu began his political career as a Student Representative Council President for University of Witwatersrand in 2004. Tu Aashiqui Tu Aashiqui (English: "You are love") is a 2017 Indian musical romance television show based on two lovers effort to unite. It is produced by Mahesh Bhatt under Gurudev Bhalla production house. It stars Jannat Zubair Rahmani and Ritvik Arora in lead roles of Pankti and Ahaan respectively. It stars Krissann Barretto, Rahil Azam and Buneet Kapoor as antagonists Rangoli, Jayant and Vikram respectively. The series was premiered on Colors TV on 20 September 2017. Hakainde Hichilema Hakainde Hichilema (born 4 June 1962) is a Zambian politician and businessman. Hichilema is the President-elect of Zambia. He has been the President of the United Party for National Development since 2006. He ran for president six times, winning in 2021. Early life and career. Hichilema was born in a village in Monze District in which is now called Zambia. He studed at the University of Zambia and graduated in 1986 with a bachelor's degree in Economics and Business Administration. Early political career. He is a member of United Party for National Development (UPND) party. After Anderson Mazoka died in 2006, he was elected as the new party President. He worked as the leader of the United Democratic Alliance (UDA), a party made up of three opposition political parties. He has already taken part in the 2006, 2008, 2011, 2015 and 2016 elections. Presidency. Hichilema ran for president again in 2021, this time successfully being elected in a landslide victory by winning 59% of the vote in August 2021. He beat incumbent President Edgar Lungu, who has refused to accept his defeat and has called the election a fraud. Personal life. Hichilema is married to Mutinta and has three children. He is a member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Hichilema is a millionaire and the second-largest cattle rancher in Zambia. Michael A. Sheehan Michael A. Sheehan (February 10, 1955 – July 30, 2018) was an American author, former government official and military officer. Sheehan is the author of the book "Crush the Cell: How to Defeat Terrorism Without Terrorizing Ourselves" Early life. Sheehan was born in Red Bank, New Jersey. He studied at the Christian Brothers Academy and graduated in 1973. He would go on to study at United States Military Academy, Georgetown University and at the United States Army Command and General Staff College. Military career. Sheehan was a colonel in the United States Army being part of the Special Forces. His stations were located in Panama, South Korea and El Salvador focusing on counter-terrorism. Political career. He was a Distinguished Chair at the U.S. Military Academy in West Point, New York and a terrorist analyst for NBC News. Sheehan was the U.S. Ambassador-at-Large for Counter Terrorism from 1998 to 2000 during the Bill Clinton administration. Afterwards, from 2003 to 2006, Sheehan worked for the New York City Police Department Counter-Terrorism Commission. Sheehan was later the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations/Low Intensity Conflict & Interdependent Capabilities from 2011 to 2013 during the Barack Obama administration. Death. Sheehan died in Bethesda, Maryland from multiple myeloma on July 30, 2018, aged 63. Red Bank, New Jersey Red Bank is a borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey. It was created in 1908 and located on the Navesink River. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough had a population of 12,206. Fikile Mbalula Fikile April Mbalula (born 8 April 1971 in the Free State) is a South African politician and former Minister of Police of South Africa. Mbalula also serves as President of the African National Congress Youth League. Career. Mbalula was appointed deputy police minister in Jacob Zuma's cabinet in 2009. In 2011, he was promoted to minister of Sports and Recreation. Mendocino Complex Fire The Mendocino Complex Fire is  a large complex of two wildfires, the River Fire and Ranch Fire, currently burning in Mendocino, Lake, and Colusa counties in the U.S. state of California. It is th largest fire complex in recorded US history. The Ranch Fire is currently burning eight miles northeast of Ukiah and the River Fire is currently burning six miles north of Hopland. The fires were first reported on  July 27, 2018. Both fires have burned a combined total of . Several communities and cities in the region had to be evacuated. By the night of August 7, the fires were collectively 34% contained. The River Fire was 78% contained and the Ranch Fire was only 20% contained, with flames on the northern flank still actively pushing towards Snow Mountain Wilderness. Impact. The River and Ranch Fires have affected communities along the Mendocino and Lake County borders. People in these areas had to be evacuated: Lakeport, Kelseyville, Lucerne, Upper Lake, Nice, Saratoga Springs, Witter Springs, Potter Valley, and Finley, parts of Hopland, and the tribal communities Hopland Rancheria and Big Valley Rancheria. Terai The Terai or Tarai is a region of northern India and southern Nepal. The Terai is a strip of natural marshland bordering the Yamuna River to the west and the Brahmaputra River to the east. To the north of the Terai are the Himalayas. The marshy areas have been reduced by drainage and cultivation. Patricia De Lille Patricia de Lille (born 17 February 1951) is a South African politician and mayor of the city of Cape Town. She has been a member of the Democratic Alliance (DA). However, she had been at conflict with the party officials for months. This led to her resignation as Mayor of Cape Town in August 2018, a seat she held on her party ticket. Joseph Warren Dr. Joseph Warren (June 11, 1741 - June 17, 1775) was an American physician and fighter in the American Revolutionary War. He played a leading role in American Patriot groups in Boston in the early days of the American Revolution. Warren enlisted Paul Revere and William Dawes on April 18, 1775. They were to leave Boston and spread the alarm that the British were about to raid Concord, Massachusetts and arrest rebel leaders Samuel Adams and John Hancock. Warren was appointed Major General in the Massachusetts colony's militia just before the June 17, 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill. But instead of exercising his rank, Warren served in the battle as a private soldier. He was killed in combat when British troops attacked Breed's Hill. Many United States cities and towns are named for Warren. Asia Network Television Asia Network Television (); is an Iraqi satellite television channel. It is based in Baghdad, Iraq. The channel was launched in 2012. Forbes Forbes is an American business magazine that is published twice in a week. The magazine is famous for publishing lists and rankings including Forbes 400 and Forbes Global 2000. The magazine was founded by B. C. Forbes, a financial columnist, on 5 September 1917. Forbes magazine has circulation over 700 thousands readers. Its headquarters are in Jersey City, New Jersey. Steve Forbes is the current Editor-in-Chief of the magazine and Mike Perlis is the CEO. ENCA eNCA (also referred to as eNews Channel Africa) is a 24 hour news channel in South Africa. It was launched in 2008 and broadcasts on DStv channel 403 and GOtv chanel 43. Simona Halep Simona Halep (born 27 September 1991 in Constanța, Romania) is a professional tennis player from Romania. She is the winner of 2018 French Open. Halep is currently ranked world no. 1. Feeding Frenzy (video game) Feeding Frenzy is a arcade video game developed and published by PopCap Games. It involves fish eating other fish. The game was the 17th most popular Xbox Live Arcade title for 2006. Ndola Ndola is the third-largest city by population in Zambia's mining Copperbelt Province. It is also the provincial capital of the region. Mpumalanga Mpumalanga is a province in South Africa. It is one of South Africa's 9 provinces. The name of the province means 'where the sun rises'. Katanga Province Katanga Province was a province in the south of the Democratic Republic of Congo before it was split into four provinces. Its mountains have many valuable ores including the majority of the world's cobalt. Kogelo Kogelo is a village on the shores of Lake Victoria in Kenya. It is found in Kenya's Siaya County and is best known as the place of birth of former U.S. President Barack Obama's father. Obama Fame. In 2008 when Barack was running for President, Kogelo gained international attention as the place of his father's death. Kisumu Kisumu is a city located on the shores of Lake Victoria in Kenya. It has a population of just over a million. This means that it is the third largest city in Kenya after Mombasa and the capital Nairobi. Kisumu was founded in 1901 as the main terminal of the Uganda Railway named "Port Florence". Kisumu is about 320 km (200 mi) northwest of Nairobi. Since Kisumu is a few kilometers south of the Equator, daytime there always lasts about 12 hours. Local sunset always occurs between 18:28 and 18:58 local time. History. Kisumu city is one of the oldest settlements in Kenya. Historical records indicate that Kisumu has been dominated by diverse communities. The people from the Nandi, Kalenjin, Kisii, Maasai, Luo and Luhya communities lived near Lake Victoria. They called this place "sumo" which literally means "a place of barter trade". Languages. Most people prefer speaking in the English Language in Kisumu. The English language is one of two national languages of Kenya. Most people in Kisumu also speak Dholuo which is the local dialect and Kiswahili. English and Swahili are national languages. Transport. Kisumu is served by Kisumu International Airport which has international status, with regular daily flights to Nairobi and Mombasa. As mentioned above, the Uganda Railway from the port of Mombasa reached Kisumu in 1901. Currently (2013) no passenger trains are operated between Nairobi and Kisumu. Kisumu is connected to the cities of Nakuru, Nairobi and Mombasa via the A104 highway and to the north city of Eldoret via the B1 highway. A 450 km lake Victoria ring road along the shores of the lake is currently under construction and will pass by the city. Points of interest. Hippo Point is a viewing area on Lake Victoria. Despite its name, it is better known as a viewing point for sunsets over the lake than for its occasional hippos. Hippo point is located near the village of Dunga, a few kilometres South West of Kisumu. The village also has a fishing port and a camping site. Nelspruit Nelspruit also known as Mbombela is a city in northeastern South Africa. It is also the capital of Mpumalanga Province. Nelspruit is home to the Kruger national park which is one of the biggest animal park in South Africa. It is also home to the Mbombela Stadium. Monheim, Bavaria Monheim is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. The mayor is currently Günther Pfefferer from the CSU. Concordia Theological Seminary The Concordia Theological Seminary is an institution of theological higher education. It is run by the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS) and is located in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Its main purpose is to teach men who will become pastors in the congregations of the LCMS. It also teaches women who will become deaconesses. It offers professional, master's and doctoral degrees. History. In 1844, a pastor in Fort Wayne named Frederick C. D. Wynecken started teaching two men to be pastors. The next year, he became a pastor in Baltimore, and a pastor named Wilhelm Sihler continued teaching in Fort Wayne. The seminary officially started in August 1846, when eleven students and an instructor from Germany arrived in Fort Wayne. They were sent by a German pastor named Wilhelm Loehe. At first, classes were held in a nearby house. The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod was started in 1847. Loehe then gave ownership of the seminary to the synod. Two years later, the seminary purchased land east of Fort Wayne and built the first building on its new campus. Other people in the LCMS called Concordia Theological Seminary the "practical seminary", because it tried to teach men to become pastors quickly. It taught pre-seminary and seminary classes. The pre-seminary classes were similar to high school classes. The seminary classes taught theology. At this time, it did not teach Greek and Hebrew, the languages that the Bible was originally written in. In 1861, the seminary moved to the campus of Concordia Seminary, in St. Louis, Missouri. This is the synod's other seminary. This was done so that students wouldn't be drafted for the American Civil War. In 1874, the pre-seminary students and one instructor were moved to the campus of the former Illinois State University in Springfield, Illinois. The next year, 1875, the "practical seminary" itself moved to the Springfield campus. In 1918, an additional year of instruction was added to the pre-seminary courses. These additional courses made pastors eligible to get teaching certificates. After 1935, Greek was made a required course. Starting in 1941, all entering students had to be high school graduates. The seminary then stopped teaching high school classes. Later, they required two years of college for entering students. In 1976, the seminary returned to Fort Wayne. Academics. The seminary has four departments: Exegetical Theology, Historical Theology, Pastoral Ministry and Mission, and Systematic Theology. Cleveland, Alabama Cleveland is a town in Blount County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 1,303. Borgerhout Borgerhout is the smallest district of the city of Antwerp, in Flanders (Belgium). , the district houses 45,948 people. It is the birthplace of singer-songwriter Milow. Newbern, Alabama Newbern is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Moundville, Alabama Moundville is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Heath, Alabama Heath is a town in the state Alabama in the United States. Gantt, Alabama Gantt is a town in the state of Alabama in the United States. Libertyville, Alabama Libertyville is a town in the state of Alabama in the United States. Priscilla Chan Priscilla Chan (born February 24, 1985) is an American pediatrician and philanthropist. She is the wife of the co-founder and CEO of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg. War of the Fifth Coalition The War of the Fifth Coalition was fought in 1809. It was fought by a coalition of the Austrian Empire and the United Kingdom against Napoleon's French Empire and Bavaria. The main countries in the war were France and Austria Major battles between them happened in a large area of Central Europe from April to July. Many people died on both sides. France won the war after the Battle of Wagram in early July. Manfred Melzer Manfred Melzer (28 February 1944 – 9 August 2018) was a German bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born in Solingen-Ohligs, Germany. He was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI. He was an Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Cologne from 1995 to 2015. Melzer died in Cologne on 9 August 2018, aged 74. Michael Avenatti Michael John Avenatti (born February 16, 1971) is an American lawyer and businessman. Avenatti is best known for suing President Donald Trump on behalf of porn star Stormy Daniels in an attempt to prove that Trump paid Daniels to stay silent during their affair. Avenatti said that he would run for president in 2020 if Trump runs for re-election and if no other candidate is good enough to beat Trump. Early life. Born on February 16, 1971 in Sacramento, California, Avenatti spent his early childhood in Colorado and Utah. He moved with his family to Chesterfield, Missouri, near St. Louis, in 1982, where he attended Parkway Central High School. After graduating in 1989, Avenatti attended Saint Louis University for a year before transferring to the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated with a B.A. in political science in 1996. He attended George Washington University Law School, where he graduated Order of the Coif and first in his class with a J.D. in 2000. In 2003, George Washington University Law School established the Michael J. Avenatti Award for Excellence in Pre-Trial and Trial Advocacy, an annual award given to the member of the graduating Juris Doctor class who demonstrates excellence in pre-trial and trial advocacy. Avenatti also received George Washington University's prestigious Alumni Recognition Award in 2010. Career. While in college and later in law school, Avenatti worked at The Research Group, a political opposition research and media firm run by Rahm Emanuel (later White House Chief of Staff for President Barack Obama, and Mayor of Chicago). Avenatti worked on over 150 Democratic and Republican campaigns in 42 states while studying at George Washington University. After law school, Avenatti worked at O'Melveny & Myers in Los Angeles, California, alongside Daniel M. Petrocelli, who previously represented the Ron Goldman family in its case against O.J. Simpson. He assisted Petrocelli on multiple legal matters, including the representation of singer Christina Aguilera and litigation surrounding the movie "K-19: The Widowmaker", and worked extensively for Don Henley and Glenn Frey of the musical group the Eagles, including in a suit brought by former bandmate Don Felder against the group and Irving Azoff. Avenatti later joined Greene Broillet & Wheeler, a Los Angeles boutique law firm. While there, he handled a number of high-profile cases, including a $10 million defamation case against Paris Hilton, settled an idea-theft lawsuit relating to the show "The Apprentice" and against producers Mark Burnett and Donald Trump, and a $40 million embezzlement lawsuit involving KPMG. In 2007, Avenatti formed the law firm Eagan Avenatti, LLP (formerly known as Eagan O'Malley & Avenatti, LLP) with offices in Newport Beach, Los Angeles and San Francisco, California. He has since appeared on "60 Minutes" three times in connection with cases he has handled. Avenatti has also served as lead counsel on a number of historically large cases, including an April 2017 $454 million verdict after a jury trial in Federal Court in Los Angeles in a fraud case against Kimberly-Clark and Halyard Health, later reduced to a $21.7 million verdict upon appeal, an $80.5 million class-action settlement against Service Corporation International, a $41 million jury verdict against KPMG, and a $39 million malicious prosecution settlement. In 2013 Avenatti formed a company, Global Baristas, to buy Seattle-based Tully's Coffee out of bankruptcy. Since 2015, Global Baristas has been named in more than 50 lawsuits in state and federal courts for breach of contract, unpaid bills, and unpaid taxes. In 2015, Avenatti prevailed against the National Football League (NFL) following a jury trial in Dallas. He later pursued a class-action suit on behalf of fans who showed up for Super Bowl XLV with tickets that didn't correspond to actual seats but the courts in Texas declined to certify the class. Later, in 2016, Avenatti filed another class action lawsuit against the NFL, this time on behalf of ticket-holders to the annual Hall of Fame Game, which was cancelled a few hours before kickoff. In 2017, a Florida man named Gerald Tobin alleged Avenatti failed to pay him $28,700 for private investigatory work. As a result, Avenatti's firm was abruptly forced into bankruptcy. The issue was resolved when the pair entered into a Non-Disclosure Agreement, and Avenatti paid Tobin the $28,700. In 2018, Avenatti's law firm was subjected to a $10 million judgment in U.S. bankruptcy court. In June 2018, a former partner filed a motion in U.S. bankruptcy court asking for a lien on any and all legal fees Avenatti's firm might collect, up to $10 million, from clients in 54 cases including his representation of Stormy Daniels. Avenatti has on several occasions, including in a post to Twitter, expressed interest in running for president in 2020. In a CBC TV interview published in September 2018, Avenatti said he would run in 2020 only against Trump or Pence. Michael Cohen (lawyer) Michael Dean Cohen (born August 25, 1966) is an American attorney and convicted felon of Jewish descent. He worked as a lawyer for Donald Trump from 2006 until he was fired in May 2018. Cohen was a vice-president of the Trump Organization and special counsel to Donald Trump, and was co-president of Trump Entertainment and was a board member of the Eric Trump Foundation. , he has been under investigation by federal prosecutors on multiple matters, including bank fraud, wire fraud and campaign finance violations due to payments made by him in the Stormy Daniels–Trump scandal. The investigation led to him pleading guilty on August 21, 2018 to eight counts of campaign finance violations, tax fraud, and bank fraud. On December 12, 2018, Cohen was sentenced to three years in prison.<ref name="BBC 12/12/2018"></ref> Marina Silva Maria Osmarina Marina Silva Vaz de Lima (born 8 February 1958) is a Brazilian politician. She is a presidential candidate in the 2018 Brazilian elections. She is a member of the Sustainability Party (REDE). She is known both for her pro-environmental views and her conservative social views. In the 2022 election, she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies. Political career. Silva was a member of the Worker's Party (PT) until 2009. She was a Senator before becoming Minister of the Environment in 2003. She ran for president in the 2010 Brazilian elections as the candidate for the Green Party (PV). In April 2014, Eduardo Campos announced his candidacy for the fall 2014 Presidential Election, naming Marina Silva as his Vice Presidential candidate. After Campos's death in a plane crash on August, she was selected to run as the Socialist Party's candidate for the Presidency. Honors. In 2012 she was one of eight people chosen to carry the flag for the opening ceremonies of the London Olympic Games. 2018 Brazilian general election General elections were held in Brazil on 7 October 2018 to elect the President and Vice President and other political figures in the nation. The first round of the presidential election was held on 7 October 2018. Jair Bolsonaro won 46% of the vote with Fernando Haddad winning 29.3%. Since no candidate won more than 50% of the vote, a second round was held on 28 October 2018 with Bolsonaro being elected president. Background. The 2014 elections Dilma Rousseff re-elected as president in the second round with 51.6% of the vote. However, on 3 December 2015, impeachment process against Rousseff were officially accepted by the Chamber of Deputies. Vice President Michel Temer, of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party, became Acting President of Brazil. On 31 August 2016, the Senate voted 61–20 in favor of impeachment, finding Rousseff guilty of breaking budgetary laws and removing her from office. Vice President Temer replaced Rousseff as the 37th President of Brazil. Suspensions. Even though current President Temer said he would not run, he received an eight-year ban from holding office on 2 June 2016 for violating election laws. Former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva said he would run for the presidency again, but was arrested for money laundering and found guilty. On August 1, 2018, the Higher Electoral Court Minister, Luiz Fux, confirmed the decision that the former president Lula is ineligible to run for elections in 2018. Candidates. Second round. The following candidates advanced to the second round as they were placed in the top two candidates following the voting: Defeated in first round. The following candidates were eliminated in the first round of the election as they were placed third or lower in the final votes: Vice President of Brazil The Vice President of Brazil (), officially the Vice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil ("Vice Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil") is the second-highest government official in the executive branch of the government of Brazil. Roles. The Vice President's main job is to replace the president on the event of their death, resignation, or impeachment, and to temporarily take over the presidential powers and duties while the President is abroad, or unable to carry out his or her duties. The Vice President is elected with the president as his or her running mate. Living former Vice Presidents. There are two living former vice presidents. The most recent former president to die was Marco Maciel (1995–2002) on June 12, 2021. Marco Maciel Marco Antônio de Oliveira Maciel (21 July 1940 – 12 June 2021) is a Brazilian politician, lawyer and law school professor. He was the 22nd Vice President of Brazil from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2002. He worked alongside President Fernando Henrique Cardoso in the 1994 and 1998 general elections. He was a founder of the conservative PFL party, former ARENA. Marco Maciel was married to Ana Maria Maciel and had three sons. He was also a practising Roman Catholic. Maciel died on 12 June 2021 from multiple organ failure caused by COVID-19 in Brasília at the age of 80. Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff The impeachment of Dilma Rousseff, the 36th President of Brazil, began on 2 December 2015 with a petition for her impeachment accepted by Eduardo Cunha, then president of the Chamber of Deputies. It continued into late 2016. Rousseff, more than 12 months into her second four-year term, was charged with criminal administrative misconduct for the federal budget in violation of article 85 of the Constitution of Brazil. Rousseff was formally impeached on 17 April 2016. On 12 May, the Senate voted to suspend Rousseff's powers for the duration of the trial, and Vice President Michel Temer became acting president. On 31 August 2016, the Senate removed President Rousseff from office by a 61–20 vote. Temer was sworn in as the 37th President of Brazil. Ciro Gomes Ciro Ferreira Gomes (born 6 November 1957 in Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo) is a Brazilian politician, lawyer, and academic. He is a member of the Democratic Labor Party (PDT). He was the PDT's presidential candidate in the 2018 Brazilian election and again in 2022. Geraldo Alckmin Geraldo José Rodrigues de Alckmin Filho () (born November 7, 1952) is a Brazilian politician who is the Vice President-elect of Brazil. Alckmin was the Governor of São Paulo twice from 2001 to 2006 and again from 2011 to 2018. He was the PSDB's presidential candidate in the 2006 and 2018 Brazilian elections. He is pro-business and works with the political and financial establishment. He was the running mate of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in the 2022 election. The ticket narrowly won the election on 30 October 2022. Pindamonhangaba Pindamonhangaba is a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It is located in the Paraíba valley, between the two most active production regions in the country, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. This place name comes from the Old Tupi language meaning "where hooks are made" or, according to a different meanings, "where the river bends". Álvaro Dias Álvaro Dias (born December 7, 1944) is a Brazilian politician. He has represented Paraná in the Federal Senate since 1999. He was the governor of Paraná. He is a member of Podemos. He was born in Quatá, São Paulo. Dias is a member of PODE and is the party's presidential candidate in the 2018 election. João Amoêdo João Dionisio Filgueira Barreto Amoêdo (born 22 October 1962), also known as João Amoêdo, is a Brazilian engineer and politician. He is one of the founders of the New Party (NOVO). He was the president of the party from September 2015 to July 2017. He is the party's presidential candidate in the 2018 election. Henrique Meirelles Henrique de Campos Meirelles (born August 31, 1945) is a Brazilian politician. He is the former Minister of the Economy and former president of Central Bank of Brazil from 2003 to 2011. He is also a member of the board of directors of Azul Brazilian Airlines. In 2017, Meirelles launched his presidential campaign as a member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement in the 2018 election. Guilherme Boulos Guilherme Castro Boulos (São Paulo, 1982) is a Brazilian politician, militant, professor and writer. He is a member of the National Coordination of Homeless Workers' Movement and is known as one of the main far-left leaders in Brazil. Boulos is the (PSOL) candidate for the presidency of Brazil in the 2018 general election. He joined PSOL in 2018. Jarrod Lyle Jarrod Lyle (21 August 1981 – 8 August 2018) was an Australian professional golfer. He was born in Shepparton, Victoria. Lyle won twice on the 2008 Nationwide Tour. He played many seasons on the PGA Tour. His best finish being tied for 4th place in the 2012 Northern Trust Open. Leukemia Illness & Death. In 2012, Lyle was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia. As a result his playing time was limited and in July 2018, Lyle decided to stop treatment. He died on 8 August 2018 from the disease in Torquay, Victoria at the age of 36. Felicia Farr Felicia Farr (born Olive Dines, October 4, 1932) is a former American actress and model. She was born in Westchester County, New York. Farr is known for her roles in Billy Wilder's "Kiss Me, Stupid" (1964) with Dean Martin and Ray Walston, as Walter Matthau's daughter-in-law in "Kotch"; the Don Siegel bank-heist movie "Charley Varrick" (1973) and other appearances on "The Alfred Hitchcock Hour", "Bonanza", "Ben Casey", "Burke's Law", and many others. Personal life. From 1962 until his death in 2001, she was married to Jack Lemmon. Room (2015 movie) Room is a 2015 Canadian-Irish-British-American independent drama movie directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Emma Donoghue. It is based on her 2010 novel of the same name. The movie was filmed in Toronto. It stars Brie Larson as a woman who has been held captive for seven years. It also stars Jacob Tremblay, Joan Allen, Sean Bridgers, Tom McCamus and William H. Macy with Wendy Crewson. At the 88th Academy Awards, "Room" received four nominations, including Best Picture, and winning Best Actress for Larson. Jacob Tremblay Jacob Tremblay (; born October 5, 2006) is a Canadian child actor. His breakout performance was his starring role as Jack Newsome in "Room" (2015). He went on to play August Pullman in the drama "Wonder" (2017). In 2019, he starred as Max in the adult comedy "Good Boys". In 2021, he voiced Luca the Disney Pixar movie "Luca". July 2018 Lombok earthquake A Mw 6.4 earthquake struck the island of Lombok on the morning of 29 July 2018 at a shallow depth of . Large damage was reported in the area, and authorities said that 20 people were killed in the earthquake while hundreds were injured. The epicentre was located in Sembalun Subdistrict, East Lombok Regency. The earthquake was a foreshock for the more powerful 6.9 earthquake which struck the island a week later. 5 August 2018 Lombok earthquake On 5 August 2018, a major earthquake measuring Mw 6.9 (7.0 on Richter scale) struck the island of Lombok, Indonesia. It was the main shock following its foreshock, a nearby 6.4 earthquake on 29 July. The epicentre was located inland, near Loloan Village in North Lombok Regency. The earthquake caused tsunamis across the coastal region of the city. In the aftermath of the earthquake 259 people were confirmed killed while more than 1,400 were confirmed injured. More than 165,000 people were displaced. Western Cape Western Cape is one of South Africa's nine provinces. It surrounds the Cape of Good Hope. It was made in 1994 by splitting the old Cape Colony into three. The majority of the people live in the metropolitan area of Cape Town, which is also the capital. Geography. Western Cape borders the provinces of Northern Cape and Eastern Cape, bordering the Atlantic Ocean. On its southwestern tip is the Cape of Good Hope. Sesheke Sesheke is a border town in the Western Province of Zambia. It borders with Namibia on the north. Munningen Munningen is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. The mayor is currently Friedrich Hertle. Münster, Bavaria Münster is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. The mayor is currently Gerhard Pfitzmaier. Computer-aided manufacturing Computer-aided manufacture (CAM) is the use of computers to control machines when creating a product. It may also refer to the use of a computer to help planning. Limpopo Limpopo Province is one of the nine South African provinces. It borders three countries namely Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Botswana. It is named for the Limpopo River. Antoine Griezmann Antoine Griezmann (born 21 March 1991) is a French professional footballer. He plays for FC Barcelona and the French national team as a Striker. He was a part of the French national team selection that won the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Club Career. Real Sociedad. Griezmann played his first professional match with Real Sociedad on 2 September 2009 in a Copa del Rey match against Rayo Vallecano. He scored his first professional goal in a 2-0 win against Huesca. Atletico Madrid. On 28 July 2014, Griezmann transferred to Atlético Madrid from Real Sociedad for a fee of 30 million Euros. He scored his first goal for the club in a game against Olympiacos F.C.. They lost 3-2. Griezmann scored twice in the 2018 UEFA Europa League Final against Olympique de Marseille. Atletico won 3-0. Barcelona offered him a contract in June 2018, but he declined the offer and stayed at Atletico for one more year. Barcelona. On 12 July 2019, Griezmann signed to FC Barcelona after they bought his 120 million euro buy-out clause. The transfer created a lot of controversy because experts claim Barcelona paid 80 million euros less than the actual release clause of 200 million. Personal Life. Griezmann got married to Erika Choperena on 15 June 2017. They have two children: a daughter named Mia, born on 8 April 2016, and a son named Amaro, born on 8 April 2019. Kevin De Bruyne Kevin De Bruyne is a professional football player from Belgium. He plays for Manchester City FC and the Belgian national team. Adélie Land Adélie Land () is France's claim in Antarctica, It stretches from the Great Southern Ocean inland all the way to the South Pole. It was named after Adèle Dumont d'Urville, the wife of French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville. Jaynagar Majilpur Jaynagar Majilpur (or Jaynagar) is a city and a municipality of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is in the southern suburbs of Kolkata. The city is in the area of Greater Kolkata. It is a part of the area covered by the Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). The city is very famous for the confectionery called "Jaynagarer Moa". Geography. Jaynagar Majilpur is located at . The average elevation of this city is . People. During the 2011 Census of India, there were 25,922 people living in Jaynagar Majilpur. 13,234 (51%) of the people were males and 12,688 (49%) were females. There were 2,277 people younger than 6 years old. There were 20,898 (88.38%) people who were older than six years old who could read. Sranan Tongo Sranan Tongo (also known as Sranantongo and Sranan) is an English creole language spoken in Suriname. Nördlingen Nördlingen is a town in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. The mayor is currently Hermann Faul. Two battles during the Thirty Years' War took place here. It is one of only three German towns to still have a complete city wall. Livingstone, Zambia Livingstone is a city in southern Zambia. It is on the border with Zimbabwe and is known as the home of the Victoria Falls. Luanshya Luanshya is a town in Zambia, in the Copperbelt Province near Ndola. It has a population of 117,579 (2008 census). Coaling, Alabama Coaling is a town in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 1,657. Coffeeville, Alabama Coffeeville is a town in Clarke County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 352. The town was incorporated in 1817. Geography. Coffeeville is located at 31°45'40.543" North, 88°5'20.940" West (31.761262, -88.089150), on high ground on the east side of the Tombigbee River. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Fulton, Alabama Fulton is a town in Clarke County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 272. Entebbe Entebbe is a town in central Uganda. It is the second largest city in the country after Kampala. Entebbe is found on the shores of Lake Victoria. Entebbe International Airport, which is the main and busiest airport of Uganda, is located in the town. The famous Operation Entebbe took place at Entebbe Airport in 1976. Columbia, Alabama Columbia is a town in Houston County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 740, down from 804 in 2000. It is part of the Dothan Metropolitan Statistical Area. Houston County Houston County is the name of five counties in the United States: Faunsdale, Alabama Faunsdale is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. ISO 4165 ISO 4165 is a standard adopted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It describes a double-pole DC connector to supply between 12 and 24 V DC at up to 12 amps to appliances in vehicles. It is similar in design to a cigar lighter receptacle, but is shorter and smaller in diameter. It was originally a standard fitting on all the German military vehicles during World War II. The current version of the standard is ISO 4165:2001 Other names. Other names for this connector include: At least one manufacturer sells a combination plug that combines a cigar lighter plug and a Powerlet plug. Chingola Chingola is a city in Zambia's Copperbelt Province, the country's copper-mining region. It has a population of 157,340 (2008 census). Garden City, Alabama Garden City is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Holly Pond, Alabama Holly Pond is a town in the state of Alabama in the United States. South Vinemont, Alabama South Vinemont is a town in the state of Alabama in the United States. Gu-Win, Alabama Gu-Win is a town in the state of Alabama in the United States. Sikasso Sikasso is a city in the south of Mali. It is the capital of the Sikasso Cercle and the Sikasso Region. It is the second largest city in Mali. 225,753 people lived there in the 2009 census. Butler County Butler County is the name of eight counties in the United States: Grand County Grand County is the name of two counties in the United States: D12 D12 (also known as The Dirty Dozen) was an American hip hop collective. They were formed in 1996 by Eminem, Proof, Bizarre, D Ratt, B-Flat, Mr. Porter, and Eye Kyu in Detroit, Michigan. The band gained significant notoriety thanks to Eminem's international success. Taking advantage of this success, they have managed to rank their albums at the top of sales in many countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom. Their best known singles were "Fight Music", "Purple Pills", "My Band", "Shit on You", and "How Come". Since 2006 after the death of Proof, the group has remained almost inactive because of Eminem's drug problems. It led to its withdrawal from the music scene for more than three years and the departure of Mr. Porter and Bizarre in 2012. However, the group reformed several times in 2014, only for Eminem to announce their breakup on "Stepping Stone" from "Kamikaze". David P.I. James David P.I. James is an American visual effects artist and supervisor. He has worked with Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures on a number of movies, including "The Rocketeer", "Flubber", "Mighty Joe Young", "Inspector Gadget", "Mission to Mars", "102 Dalmatians", "The Princess Diaries", "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", "", "Old Dogs", "Doctor Strange", and "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2". Toyota Owners 400 The Toyota Owners 400 is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held annually at Richmond Raceway in Richmond, Virginia, it is one of two races held at the circuit, with the other one being the Federated Auto Parts 400, From 2007-2011, It was named by the sponsor, Crown Royal, The race is held on Saturday night and it it is held on the weekend in April, For several years, it was held after the Daytona 500 in February, Consistent cold weather, snow delays, prompted track officials to move the race later in the spring. GEICO 500 The GEICO 500 is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held annually at Talladega Superspeedway, it is one of two races held at the circuit, with the other one being the 1000Bulbs.com 500 in October, Unlike the Daytona 500, Multiple cars pile up in wrecks, known as The Big One. Talladega Superspeedway tops the series list with its steepest banking with 33 degrees, Because of its speed, Talladega is one of two tracks to stop speeds from climbing too high. S Doradus S Doradus is a blue hypergiant star found in the large magellanic cloud. Its temperature can fall to lower than 7,000 degrees Kelvin in big eruptions. S Doradus can be more than a million times brighter than our Sun and 380 times larger in these eruptions. Western Province, Zambia Western Province is a province in western Zambia. It is home of the Lozi people and the Kuomboka Ceremony. Kasungu Kasungu is a town in the Central Region of Malawi. It is also the home town of Malawi's first president Hastings Banda. Zagazig Zagazig is a city in Egypt. It is located near the Nile Delta and is the home town of former president Mohamadd Morsi. Ghats The Ghats are two mountain ranges at the eastern and western edges of the Deccan Plateau in southern India. The Ghats are separated from the coasts of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal by fairly level coastal land. The Eastern Ghats are broken into several hill masses that are unlike each other and have a northeast-southwest trend along the Bay of Bengal. The Western Ghats are steep on the seaward side but gently sloping on the side of the Deccan plateau. 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series The 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series is the 70th season of the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, the season began with the Advance Auto Parts Clash, the Can-Am Duel and the Daytona 500, and will end with the Ford EcoBoost 400 on November 18. The Bank of America Roval 400 will run on the infield road course instead of its quad-oval. AAA 400 Drive for Autism The AAA 400 Drive for Autism is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held annually at Dover International Speedway, it is one of two races on the circuit, with the other one being the Dover 400 in October, The race is the 11th race of the season and AAA became the title sponsor for 2016. NASCAR had memorable finishes at this racetrack. The race reduced from 500 miles to 400 miles in 1998. Joshua Wong Joshua Wong Chi-fung (, born 13 October 1996) is a Hong Kong student activist and politician. He is a member of the Umbrella Movement. The movement seeks democracy of Hong Kong from China. He led students & youths in the 2014 Hong Kong protests and has been jailed twice for leading the pro-democracy protests. In April 2016, he founded Demosistō with Nathan Law, Agnes Chow and more. On 30 June 2020, after the Hong Kong national security law was passed, he told the public on Facebook that he leaves Demosistō. Wong said, the passed national security law means pro-democracy activist have to worry about their lives and personal safety. Nathan Law Nathan Law Kwun-chung (; born 13 July 1993) is a Hong Kong student leader, politician, activist and pro-democracy member. Alongside Joshua Wong, he led the 2014 Hong Kong protests. He is the founding and former chairman of Demosistō. He founded Demosistō with Joshua Wong, Agnes Chow and more. On 30 June 2020, after the Hong Kong national security law was passed, he told the public on Facebook that he quits Demosistō. Alex Chow Alex Chow Wing Hong (; born 18th August 1990) is a Hong Kong student leader and member of the 2014 Hong Kong protests. He has alongside Umbrella Movement leaders, Nathan Law and Joshua Wong been a key member in the organizations involvement in pro-democracy protests. Sam Kazemian Sam Hamidi-Kazemian (born February 12, 1993) is an Iranian software programmer. He is the co-founder and president of Everipedia. Education. Kazemian graduated from UCLA in 2015. He changed his mind about going to medical school in order to work on Everipedia. Everipedia. Sam Kazemian​ founded Everipedia with Theodor Forselius​ in December 2014 in Kazemian's dormitory room at UCLA. In 2017, Kazemian told to "Boing Boing" that "Wikia, like Wikipedia, uses really old software that was built in 2001. Meanwhile there are all these new, modern crowd-knowledge sites like Rap Genius, Quora and StackOverflow, but nobody ever tried to attack the original beast - a wiki of everything - with the new, modern tools. That is what Everipedia aims to do." Personal life. When he was young, he and his family moved to the US. He is a blockchain enthusiast and a fan of the programming language Python. Milpitas Milpitas () is a city in Santa Clara County, California. The population was 66,790 at the 2010 census. Brisbane, California Brisbane ( , unlike Brisbane, Australia) is a small city located in California in the northern part of San Mateo County. The population was 4,282 as of the 2010 census. Lake View, Alabama Lake View is a town in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 1,943, up from 1,357 in 2000. It is part of the Tuscaloosa Metropolitan Statistical Area. History. Lake View was incorporated in 1998. Geography. Lake View is located at (33.279933, -87.138667). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and (12.57%) is water. Lakeview, Alabama Lakeview is a town in DeKalb County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 143. Fyffe, Alabama Fyffe is a town in DeKalb County, Alabama, United States. It was incorporated in 1956. At the 2010 census, the population was 1,018. Childersburg, Alabama Childersburg is a city in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is in Talladega County. Colma, California Colma is a small incorporated town in San Mateo County, California, near the northern end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area. The population was 1,792 at the 2010 census. The town was founded as a necropolis in 1924. Dutton, Alabama Dutton is a town in Jackson County, Alabama, United States. It was incorporated in 1963. As of the 2010 census, the population was 315, up from 310 in 2000. Mongu Mongu is the capital city of Western Province, Zambia of the Lozi people. It has about 150,000 residents and is home of the Kuombola Ceremony. Washington Terrace, Utah Washington Terrace is a city in Utah, United States. The city was developed in 1942 during war time housing project. Washington Terrace is located in the county of Weber, Utah. The city has total area of 1.9 square miles. As of 2017, the city has total population of 9,152. Monster Energy NASCAR All Star Race The Monster Energy NASCAR All-Star Race is a race open to race winners from the previous season as well as the current season, plus full-time drivers who won the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series championship, Full time drivers who are not eligible compete in the Monster Energy Open, Each driver wins the first three stages or wins the fan vote earns a spot in the All-Star Race, The All-Star Race has a unique format, which changes frequently. The current format consists of one 30-lap stage, two 20-lap stages and one final 10-lap stage to determine the winner. The drivers who win the All-Star Race receive $1,000,000 with each stage win receiving a bonus prize. Coca-Cola 600 The Coca-Cola 600 is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held annually at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina on Memorial Day weekend, the longest Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on the circuit, with the other one being the Bank of America Roval 400 in October, Run as , the race still stands as the longest race of the year. NASCAR has honored military survivors will highlight all five branches of the United States. Coca-Cola 600 History. The Coca-Cola 600 has been notable for the most finishes, The race starts at 6:20 pm and the track is bathed in sunlight for the first third of the race, The second third happens at dusk, and the final third is under the lights. Name changes. From 1960 to 1984 the race was known as the World 600. In 1985, the race's name was changed to the Coca-Cola World 600. In 1986 the name was shortened to the Coca-Cola 600, or Coke 600 which it was referred to at the time. The name changed again in 2002 to the Coca-Cola Racing Family 600 referring to the Coca-Cola family of drivers who are sponsored by Coca-Cola. In 2003, the name returned to the Coca-Cola 600. Angelique Kerber Angelique Kerber (born 18 January 1988 in Bremen, Germany) is a professional tennis player from Germany. She is three time Grand Slam champion, having won Australian Open and U S Open in 2016 and Wimbledon in 2018. In September, 2016, Kerber became the oldest female player to hold world no. 1 ranking for the first time. She also won silver medal at 2016 Summer Olympics while representing Germany. Fire and Fury Fire and Fury is a book by Michael Woff which explains the way the Donald Trump White House operates. It was published in January 2018. Pocono 400 The Pocono 400 is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held annually at Pocono Raceway, it is one of two races held at the circuit, with the other one being the Gander Outdoors 400 in August. It is the 14th race of the season. U Lacertae U Lacertae is a binary star located in the Lacerta constellation. The main star is a red supergiant 1,022 times larger than our Sun. WOH G64 WOH G64 is a red supergiant star. It is the largest star. It has a radius of 1,800 to over 2,400 times that of the Sun. It is one of the largest known stars. It is also one of the coolest stars in the LMC, with an effective temperature of 3,400 Kelvin. It is a possible Mira variable. WOH G64 is surrounded by a thick dust envelope of about a light year in diameter. This has three to nine times the Sun's mass of expelled material. It was created by the strong stellar wind. If placed at the center of the Solar System, the star's photosphere would engulf the orbit of Jupiter. David Hussey David Hussey (born 1968) is an American actor, comedian, singer, dancer and musician, who is best known for his role as Ronald McDonald in the McDonald's commercials from 2000 to 2014 and voicing Ronald in "The Wacky Adventures of Ronald McDonald", replacing Jack Doepke. He graduated Magna cum Laude from Southern Methodist University in 1990. Personal life. Hussey is married to Tonilyn Hussey; together they have a son. Jack Doepke Bruce William Deopke (born March 15, 1950), also known as Jack Deopke, is a retired American actor. He is known for his portrayal as Ronald McDonald in the McDonald's commercials from 1991 to 1999 and in "The Wack Adventures of Ronald McDonald", replacing Squire Fridell. After retiring from acting, Deopke now works as a programmer-technician. Personal life. Deopke was previously married to Dawn Watson from 1976 to 1985. Deopke has been married to his second wife Carol Jean Doll since October 1, 1989, together they have two children. Patriotic Front Patriotic Front is a political party in Zambia. It has formed in 2001 by Michael Sata as a breakaway from the MMD after he had felt discontent of not being chosen as Frederick Chiluba. It has been the country's rulling party since 2011. ZANU–PF ZANU-PF is a political party in Zimbabwe. It came into power when Zimbabwe gained independence from British rule in 1980 . SCUM Manifesto SCUM Manifesto is a radical feminist manifesto by Valerie Solanas, published in 1967. It argues that men have ruined the world, and that it is up to women to fix it. To achieve this goal, it suggests the formation of SCUM, an organization dedicated to overthrowing society and eliminating the male sex. The Manifesto is widely regarded as satirical, but based on legitimate philosophical and social concerns. It has been reprinted at least ten times in English, translated into thirteen languages, and excerpted several times. Garbiñe Muguruza Garbiñe Muguruza (born 8 October 1993 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan-born professional tennis player from Spain. She is two times Grand Slam winner, having won French Open in 2016 and Wimbledon in 2017. Muguruza is a former world no.1 tennis player, she is currently ranked no.7. Career statistics. Grand Slam tournament performance timelines. Doubles. "This table is current through the 2018 Australian Open" Nerbudda River The Nerbudda River (other spellings are "Narbudda" and "Narmada") is a river in western India. The source of the Nerbudda is in the east of the state of Madhya Pradesh. At Jabalpur it turns southwest and follows a course between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges. It then follows a more westerly course across Madhya Pradesh and then Gujarat. Finally the river flows into the Gulf of Khambhat through an estuary 13 miles wide. Karolína Plíšková Karolína Hrdličková (née Plíšková, born 21 March 1992 in Louny, Czech Republic) is a professional tennis player from Czech Republic. She is a former world no.1 player. Plíšková reached US Open finals in 2016 but lost to Angelique Kerber. She is currently ranked no.9. Richard Russell Richard Russell may refer to: Jelena Janković Jelena Janković (born 28 February 1985 in Belgrade) is a professional tennis player from Serbia. She is a former world no.1 singles player. Janković reached 2008 US Open finals where she lost to Serena Williams in straight sets. Viceroy A viceroy is a royal official who rules an area in the name of the King (or Queen). The word is made of 'vice' (Latin for 'in place of') and 'roy' (French, meaning 'king'). The title was used when an empire has widespread territories which the monarch would rarely visit. It was used regularly by the Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Habsburg and British empires. In the British Empire a viceroy was only appointed in the case of British India, and only then for Lord Canning in 1858. Otherwise it was just a ceremonial name for the Governors-General. Cale Yarborough William "Caleb" Cale Yarborough (born March 27, 1939 in Timmonsville, South Carolina) is a former NASCAR Winston Cup Series driver and was one of the series personalities. History. Yarborough is a three-time Winston Cup Champion, winning the series, 1976, 1977 and 1978. He is the only driver to only win three consecutive titles. His wins was placed at number 5, Yaroborough won the Daytona 500 five times in his career. His win coming from Wood Brothers Racing in his career, the second in 1977 for Junior Johnson, and back to back wins in 1983 and 1984, In 1984, he became the first driver to qualify for the Daytona 500 with a speed of . He was involved in a wreck in the 1979 Daytona 500. Early career. As a young kid, Yaroborough attended the Southern 500 as a spectator without a ticket, by 1958, he was able to be competing in the Grand National Circuit, In 1965, He was involved in a wreck by Sam McQuagg, Yaroborough's car sailed over the guardrail after tangling with McQuagg's car, Yaroborough tried to make a pass with McQuagg, but their tenders touched Yaroborugh's car went airborne, The car came to rest against a telephone pole outside the track, Yaroborough, who was uninjured, said "I knew I was in trouble when I saw the grass, because I knew there ain't no grass on the racetrack", On February 25, 1968, he won his first big time race as he beat LeeRoy Yarbrough by less than a second to win the 1968 Daytona 500, Yarborough would win five more races incuding the Southern 500 by four car lengths above David Pearson. Early in his career, Yarborough competed in the Indianapolis 500, racing in 1966-1967 and 1971-1972. Sports Illustrated Car Exposure. He captured his second Daytona 500 in 1977, It was so important that Sports Illustrated put him on cover after his second Daytona 500 win, one of the first stock car drivers that cover on the legendary sports magazine, (see A.J. Foyt). Acting. Two episodes of the TV show The Dukes of Hazzard, was featured Cale playing himself, "Cale comes to the Hazzard" in 1984 and "Cale meets the Hazzard in 1979". Mehrdad Pahlbod Mehrdad Pahlbod (‎; 16 March 1917 – 9 August 2018) was an Iranian politician. He served as the Minister of Culture and Arts from 1964 to 1978. He was the first culture minister of Iran. He was a member of the Iranian royal family through his marriage to Shams Pahlavi, the sister of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran. Pahlbod was born in Tehran. He married Shams Pahlavi in 1945. They also became Roman Catholics in the 1940s. Pahlavi died in 1996. Pahlbod turned 100 in 2017. He died on 9 August 2018 in Los Angeles, California, United States. He was 101. Democratic Alliance The Democratic Alliance, popularly known as the DA, is the main opposition political party in South Africa. It is led by John Steenhuisen. 2019 NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series The NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series will be the 25th season of third-highest stock-car racing in the United States, the season will begin with the NextEra Energy Resources 250 at Daytona International Speedway and end with the Ford EcoBoost 200 at Homestead-Miami Speedway, Gander Outdoors began as the title sponsor as Camping World decided not to remain as title sponsor. Schedule. The schedule, comprising of 23 races, was released on June 15, 2018. Bad Balance Bad Balance is a Russian hip hop group. They also perform under the name Bad B.. It was formed in 1989 by breakdancer and rapper Vlad Valov, also known as "Master SheFF" or "SHEFF", and by DJ Gleb Matveyev, known as "DJ LA". First it was based in Donetsk in modern Ukraine, later the musicians relocated to Russia's Saint Petersburg and now this is a Moscow-based group. Bad Balance are known as one of the first groups in Russia and Soviet Union, which perform hip hop music. Bad Balance actively promoted the hip hop culture in Russia. Umbrella Movement The Umbrella Movement () was a political formation that brought about the 2014 Hong Kong protests. It was formed in 2014 as a means of getting the democracy of Hong Kong from China. Terry Labonte Terrance Lee "Terry" Labonte (born November 16, 1956) is a former NASCAR Winston Cup Series retired American racecar driver. Labonte was introduced to racing by his father, who worked on racecars as a hobby. He is a brother of former driver Bobby Labonte, and the father of NASCAR Winston Cup Series driver Justin Labonte. He appeared in the 1983 Burt Reynolds movie, Prism Motorsporter Ace. In 1984, he portrayed a crewman from the movie "The Dukes of Hazzard". In 2000, he appeared in a Denny's commercial. Beginnings. Labonte started racing when he was 7 years old, and won a national championship at age 9, before moving on to the short tracks as a teenager. He won short track championships as a child, driving on both dirt and asphalt, in Houston and San Antonio from 1975-1977. During this time, he also met Louisiana businessman Billy Hagan. Hagan offered Labonte a job on his Winston Cup team along with the promise to drive five races that year. 1978-1985. Labonte's first NASCAR race came in at Darlington Raceway, racing the #92 Duck Industries Chevrolet. He qualified 19th in the Duck Industries Chevy and finished fourth that weekend. He ran four more races that season and had additional two top-ten finishes. In 1979, he competed for NASCAR Winston Cup Rookie of the Year along with the late Dale Earnhardt, Harry Gant and Joe Millikan, driving the #44 Stratagraph Chevrolet for Hagan Racing, In 1980, he had his first win for the Southern 500. While Labonte failed to win the top rookie of the year award, he was one of the rookies to finish the Top 10 in points. He ended the season with 13 Top 10 finishes, The following year, Labonte won the Labor Day weekend race, the Southern 500 at Darlington Raceway. He won $222,501 and finished sixth in final points. In 1984, He portrayed an unnamed pit crewman on the CBS series, "The Dukes of Hazzard". Labonte failed to return to victory lane over the next few years, but did not finish outside the top five in points. He won his second career race in 1983 in the Budweiser Chevy, In 1984, his team received sponsorship from Piedmont Airlines and he won at Riverside International Speedway and Bristol Motor Speedway the following year, clinching his first NASCAR Winston Cup Series championship. He dropped to seventh in final points in 1985. The same season, he own in his Busch Series debut at Charlotte in the #17 Pontiac for Darrell Waltrip. 1986-1993. After Labonte fell back to 12th in standings, he announced that he was leaving Hagan to drive the #11 Budweiser Chevy for Junior Johnson and Associates. In his first season with the team, he won four poles and the Holly Farms 400, rising up to third in standings, following that up with a fourth-place finish in 1988. In 1989, the team switched to Ford Thunderbirds. Despite two wins during the season, he fell back to tenth in the championship, causing him to leave the team. He made plans to field his own team in 1990, but promised involvements fell through at last minute. In 1990, he signed with the #1 Skoal Classic Oldsmobile team for Precision Products Racing. He had four Top 5 spots in the points standings. He came back to Hagan to drive the #94 Sunoco Oldsmobile in 1991. While he failed to go to victory lane, he won the first pole in 1998 at Watkins Glen International. In 1993, the team switched to the Kellogg's and Chevrolet. He began in 1992 without a finish inside the top 8 in the first eight races. He had a total of four top five finishes, and ended the sesason with eighth in points. For the first time in his career, he failed to finish in the top five and he dropped to eighteenth in points. 1994-2002. After Labonte left Hagan in 1993, he joined Hendrick Motorsports in 1994, where he started driving the #5 Kellogg's-sponsored Chevrolet Lumina and responded by notching three wins in each for his first two wins there. In 1995, the team switched to Chevrolet Monte Carlos. In 1996, he broke Richard Petty's streak for consecutive races ended after winning at North Wilksboro. Despite winning only two races, Labonte went on to win the championship that year as well, a record-setting of twelve years after his first. Driving while having a broken hand during the last two races of the season, Labonte's younger brother Bobby Labonte performed a dual victory laps at Atlanta Motor Speedway for the final day of the season; Bobby won the race and Terry won the championship, the only driver to win the race as a sibling won the championship. He also appeared in the Denny's Restaurant commercial in 2000. Labonte posted twenty top-ten finishes in 1997, but did not win until the fall race at Talladega Superspeedway. In 1998, Labonte was able to win the Pontiac Exitement 400 but dropped to ninth in points. Despite a win at his home track at Texas Motor Speedway and The Winston in 1999, Labonte finished 12th in standings, the first time he finished outside of the top 10 points since 1993. The year 2000 saw Labonte's consecutive start break be broken after he had an ear infection at the Pepsi 400, and was forced to miss the Brickyard 400 and Global Crossing @ The Glen. He began in 2001 with two top-six finishes in the first seven races but he had the worst finish of his career at the time when he finished 23rd in final points. He dropped back to 24th in 2002. Final years. In 2003, Labonte went on to win his first pole at Richmond, and his last win at Darlington Raceway after leading 33 laps. He was unable to finish in the top five in 2004, and after a 26th-place finish. He announced that 2004 would be his last year at the circuit, and would run part-time schedules for the next cheerleaders. He borrowed the #44 from Petty Enterprises, and ran Hendrick's #44 Research & Development car with a sponsorship of Kellogg's, Pizza Hut, and GMAC. His best finish in the #44 came at Pocono Raceway, where he finished 12th. He also drove the #11 FedEx Chevrolet for Joe Gibbs Racing part time, following the release of Joe Gibbs Racing, finishing ninth at Richmond. Labonte began driving the #96 Texas Instruments/DLP HDTV Chevrolet Monte Carlo for Hall of Fame Racing, a new team started by Dallas Cowboys quarterbacks Roger Staubach and Troy Aikman, Labonte's former champion exemption guaranteed the final spot in the first five races. Labonte's finishes in those left the team with 30th in points, sealing a spot for the team in each race as as long they stay in the top 35, Tony Raines took over the #96 car and is expected to run in the rest of the series, is expected to run the rest of the races, except road course races at Sonoma Raceway and Watkins Glen International. His best finish thus far began at Sonoma, where he finished third, Labonte's last race was to be at Texas Motor Speedway, Michael Waltrip hired him to drive the #55 NAPA Toyota for the road courses races in 2007. Honors. In 1988, the senior Labonte was named as the NASCAR's 50 Greatest Drivers. A park was renamed for the Labonte brothers in their hometown of Corpus Christi in 2001, and they were chosen an entry into the Texas Sports Hall of Fame in 2002. Labonte supports a variety of charities and due to his efforts, the Ronald McDonald House in Corpus Christi, the Victory Junction Gang Camp, and the Hendrick Marrow Program had been benefited. In 2016, He was inducted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame. Personal life. Labonte has lived in Thomasville, North Carolina, area for most of his career, Terry and Kim Labonte married in 1978. During his first year with Billy Hagan, where worked while they was in high school in Texas, they have two children who have grown up around racing, just as Labonte did years ago, Justin Labonte, born in 1981, was a late model champion at Caraway Speedway in 2003 and raced a limited Busch Series schedule in 2004 (including a win at Chicagoland Speedway in July) with a sponsorship for the Coast Guard, That sponsor expanded to a full schedule in 2005, Kristy, born in 1983, graduated with a business marketing major from High Point University. Other series. In addition to 22 races in Cup, Labonte has won 11 races in Nationwide, and 1 in the Craftsman Truck Series. He has been the champion for the 24 Hours at Daytona and the 12 Hours of Sebring as well as three all star races, the Busch Clash (now the Advance Auto Parts Clash), and the Winston in 1985 (now the Monster Energy NASCAR All Star Race) in 1998 and 1999. He also won the IROC championship in 1989. Including his two championship seasons, he has finished in the top 10 in year-end standings 17 times, and his top 10 totals approach 25% and 50%, respectively of his total races. Sexual addiction Sexual addiction is when people engage in sexual activities, especially sexual intercourse, even if this has negative consequences for them. Some scientists believe it is one of several sex-related disorders within an umbrella concept known as hypersexual disorder. The term "sexual dependence" is also used to refer to people who report being unable to control their sexual urges, behaviors, or thoughts. Other related models of pathological sexual behavior include hypersexuality (nymphomania and satyriasis), erotomania, Don Juanism (or Don Juanitaism), and paraphilia-related disorders. Not all people agree that the condition sexual addicion exists. There is considerable debate among psychiatrists, psychologists, sexologists, and other specialists whether compulsive sexual behavior constitutes an addiction. They also disagree about its classification and possible diagnosis. Research on animals has shown that compulsive sexual behavior uses the same mechanism of action that is also responsible for drug addiction in laboratory animals. As of 2018, neither the DSM or ICD medical classifications recognise sexual addiction as a valid diagnosis. FireKeepers Casino 400 The FireKeepers Casino 400 is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held annually at Michigan International Speedway in Brooklyn Michigan. It is the first of two races held at Michigan, with the other one being the Consumers Energy 400 in August. This particular event had one of the title sponsorship arrangements, Miller Brewing Company sponsored the race from 1984-1998, In 2006, 3M signed a three-year sponsorship for the race, but after one moved its sponsorship to the August race, Starting in 2008, LifeLock began as title sponsor pending the sponsorship by the speedway, but left after two, The LifeLock 400 was the race formerly known as the Banquet 400 in 2007, From 2012-2015, Quicken Loans sponsored the race, and was replaced by FireKeepers Casino for 2016. The 1999 race, won by Dale Jarrett, went without a caution, At an average speed of 173.957 mph, It set NASCAR all-time record for a 400-mile race, In many seasons, the race falls on Father's Day weekend. Namibia National Students Organisation (NANSO) The Namibia National Students Organisation (NANSO) is a student organisation which advocates for educational reforms for Namibian students. It was formed in 1984, four years before Namibia's independence as a means of providing equal opportunities for Namibian students who were excluded by Apartheid rule rules. Student Representation. NANSO has been representing Namibian students nationally since its inception in 1984. In 2016, the student organisation organised mass movements of Namibian students to demand free registration fees at the country's two major universities. Peya Mushelenga Peya Mushelenga (born 1975) is a Namibian politician and poet. He is a SWAPO MP. Since February 2018, he has been the minister of Urban and Rural Development. Mikhail Shakhov Mikhail Afanasyevich Shakhov (; 20 November 1931 – 8 August 2018) was a Soviet bantamweight freestyle wrestler. He competed at the 1956 and the 1960 Summer Olympics and won a bronze medal in 1956. Shakhov was born in Saratov Oblast, Russia. Death. Shakhov died on 8 August 2018 in Kiev, Ukraine, aged 86. Levoncourt Levoncourt may refer to the following places in France: Franklin, Alabama Franklin is a town in Macon County, Alabama, United States. The 2010 census placed the population at 149, unchanged from 2000. Savigneux Savigneux may refer to the following places in France: Eclectic, Alabama Eclectic is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Schinznach (disambiguation) Schinznach may refer to: Goms Goms may refer to: Copyright status of work by the U.S. government Anything that is written as "a work prepared by an officer or employee" of the United States federal government "as part of that person's official duties," is permitted to be used without a penalty and is in the public domain. More details of this rule, as defined by the United States copyright law of the United States copyright law, is available. Such writings are not protected under U.S. law. This rule may not be true in other countries. Chavornay Chavornay is the name of several places: Chavornay, Switzerland Chavornay is a municipality of the district of Jura-Nord Vaudois in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 January 2017, the former municipalities of Essert-Pittet and Corcelles-sur-Chavornay merged into the municipality of Chavornay. United Party for National Development United Party For National Development (UPND) is a political party in Zambia. It was the country's main opposition party until 2021, when the party president, businessman Hakainde Hichilema, was elected president. 2018 Horizon Air Q400 incident On August 10, 2018, a Horizon Air Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 was stolen from Seattle–Tacoma International Airport ("Sea–Tac") in SeaTac, Washington. The man responsible was 29-year-old Richard Russell. He was a Horizon Air ground service operator with no piloting experience. Russell performed an unauthorized takeoff and flew southward as F-15 fighter jets were scrambled to take down the plane. Sea–Tac air traffic control made radio contact with Russell. He was killed when the plane crashed on sparsely populated Ketron Island in Puget Sound. Eurocentrism Eurocentrism (also Western-centrism) is a worldview about the works and criticism of Western civilization. The exact beliefs of the term changes from the entire Western world to only Europe or even just Western Europe (especially during the Cold War). When applied to history, it may refer to a stance towards European colonialism and other forms of imperialism. Steve Oedekerk Steven Brent "Steve" Oedekerk (born November 27, 1961) is an American comedian, director, editor, producer, screenwriter and actor. Oedekerk is best known for his works with actor Jim Carrey and director Tom Shadyac. He starred in the "Ace Ventura" franchise, on "Thumbmation" shorts and his movie "Kung Pow: Enter the Fist" (2002). Filmography. Acting roles Television. Acting roles Santiago a mil Santiago a Mil or Santiago by the Thousands is a large festival in Chile. It lasts three weeks in January in the country's capital, Santiago. It features open-air and indoor theater performances. The performances cost little or nothing. SeaTac, Washington SeaTac is a city in southern King County, Washington, United States. It is a suburb of Seattle, Washington. The name "SeaTac" is a combination of "Seattle" and "Tacoma". It is named from the Seattle–Tacoma International Airport. The city of SeaTac is in area and has a population of 26,909 according to the 2010 census. Residents voted for incorporation on March 14, 1989, and the city incorporated in February 1990. Camel toe Camel toe, or cameltoe, is slang for when the outline of a woman's labia majora is seen in tightly fitting clothes. The male equivalent of cameltoe is "mooseknuckle". It is called a "camel toe" because of how the woman's labia outline is similar to that of a camel's toe. Camel toe happens as a result of wearing tight-fitting clothes, such as shorts, leggings or swimwear. Labia majora The labia majora (singular: "labium majus") are two well known areas where the skin folds that extend downward and backward from the mons pubis to the perineum. Together with the labia minora they form the labia of the vulva. The labia majora are homologous to the male scrotum. Labia minora The labia minora, Latin for "smaller lips," singular: "labium minus "smaller lip"", also known as the inner labia, inner lips, vaginal lips or nymphae, are two flaps of skin on either side of the human vagina. It is an opening in the vulva. It is between the labia majora (the Latin for "larger lips;" also called outer labia, or outer lips). The labia minora vary widely in size, color, and shape from individual to individual. Mons pubis In human anatomy, and in mammals in general, the mons pubis (pubic mound, also known simply as the mons, and known specifically in females as the mons Venus or mons veneris), is a part of the body where the fatty tissue is found over the pubic symphysis of the pubic bones. The mons pubis is part of the vulva. The vulva is the part of the body where reproductive organs are located on the outside of the body. Arthur Davies (tenor) Arthur Davies (11 April 1941 – ) was a Welsh tenor. He had an international performance career from the 1970s through the 1990s. He performed leading roles with The Royal Opera in London, the Welsh National Opera, the Scottish Opera, and the English National Opera. Davies was born in Wrexham, Wales. He died in August 2018 at the age of 77. His death was announced on August 9. Fabio Mamerto Rivas Santos Fabio Mamerto Rivas Santos (11 May 1932 – 11 August 2018) was a Dominican Roman Catholic prelate. He was born in Cabirmota, La Vega. Rivas Santos was ordained to the priesthood in 1965. He was the Bishop of Barahona from 1976 until his resignation in 1999. Rivas Santos died on 11 August 2018 in Jarabacoa, Dominica. He was 86. Samir Amin Samir Amin (3 September 1931 – 12 August 2018) was an Egyptian-French Marxian economist. He was born in Cairo. He was known for his creation of the term Eurocentrism in 1988. Amin died on 12 August 2018 in Paris, aged 86. Gabriela Michetti Marta Gabriela Michetti Illia (; born 28 May 1965) is an Argentine politician. She was the 36th Vice President of Argentina from 10 December 2015 through 10 December 2019 alongside President Mauricio Macri. Her and Isabel Martínez de Perón, are the only women to hold the office. Michetti is member of the Republican Proposal "(PRO)" and Cambiemos "(Let's change)" coalition. She was Deputy Chief of Government in Buenos Aires from 2009 to 2013, working with then-Mayor Macri. He was Senator for Buenos Aires since 2013 to 2016. She is great-grandniece of former President of Argentina, Dr. Arturo Umberto Illia. Parker Solar Probe Parker Solar Probe is a NASA robotic space probe heading towards the outer corona of the Sun. It will reach to within 8.86 solar radii (6.2 million kilometers or 3.85 million miles) from the "surface" of the Sun and is currently the fastest spacecraft ever built and will travel, at closest approach, as fast as . Overview. It was launched on August 12, 2018. This was the first time a NASA spacecraft was named after a living person, honoring physicist Eugene Parker. A memory card having the names of over 1.1 million people was mounted on a plaque and installed below the spacecraft’s high-gain antenna on May 18, 2018. The card also contains photos of Parker, professor emeritus at the University of Chicago, and a copy of his 1958 scientific paper. Special Material Technology. Because of how close the probe will be to the Sun, it will experience very high temperatures. To make sure that the probe is not damaged by the hot environment, engineers had to design a special shield to protect the sensitive components on the probe. The shield is made up of five layers. The outermost layer is a white ceramic layer which reflects away the Sun's rays. By reflecting the rays away, it prevents the shield from heating up too much. The second layer is a barrier layer which connects the ceramic layer to the middle layer. The middle layer is a carbon-carbon sheet which is very light and strong. This helps keep the shield in one piece. The fourth layer is a carbon foam which is very light and does not conduct heat well. This again helps with keeping the temperature low. The fifth and final layer is a second carbon sheet which makes the entire shield rigid enough for spaceflight. Since the probe was launched from a rocket, it was very important to minimize its weight. If it was too heavy, the rocket would not be able to launch it far enough to complete its mission. Because of the well engineered materials in the shield, the entire shield only weighs 73 kg. That is about the same weight as an average adult human. Eugene Parker Eugene Newman Parker (June 10, 1927 – March 15, 2022) was an American solar astrophysicist. In the mid-1950s—developed the theory of the supersonic solar wind and predicted the Parker spiral shape of the solar magnetic field in the outer solar system. In 1987, Parker proposed that the solar corona might be heated by myriad tiny "nanoflares" (similar to solar flares) that would happen all over the surface of the Sun. Parker spent four years at the University of Utah and has been at the University of Chicago since 1955. Parker was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1967. In 2017, NASA renamed its "Solar Probe Plus" to "Parker Solar Probe" in his honor, marking the first time NASA had named a spacecraft after a living person. In 2018, the American Physical Society awarded him the Medal for Exceptional Achievement in Research. Parker died on March 15, 2022 from problems caused by Parkinson's disease at a retirement home in Hyde Park, Chicago, Illinois at the age of 94. Houghton, Michigan Houghton () is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan's Upper Peninsula and largest city in the Copper Country on the Keweenaw Peninsula. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 7,708. It is the county seat of Houghton County. Huntington Woods, Michigan Huntington Woods is a suburb of Detroit. It is in southeastern Oakland County, Michigan. The population was 6,238 at the 2010 census. The western part of the Detroit Zoo is in Huntington Woods. In 2013, Huntington Woods was ranked the #10 best suburb to live in by Market Watch. Milford, Michigan Milford is a village in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 6,175 at the 2010 census. Houghton Lake, Michigan Houghton Lake is an unincorporated community in Roscommon Township, Roscommon County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The Census Bureau called the settlement a census-designated place (CDP). The population was 3,749 at the 2000 census. Upper Peninsula of Michigan The Upper Peninsula (UP), also known as Upper Michigan, is the northern of the two major peninsulas that make up the U.S. state of Michigan. The peninsula is north by Lake Superior, on the east by the St. Marys River, on the southeast by Lake Michigan and Lake Huron, and on the southwest by Wisconsin. The Upper Peninsula has 29% of the land area of Michigan but just 3% of its total population. Residents are frequently called "Yoopers". The peninsula's largest cities are Marquette, Sault Ste. Marie, Escanaba, Menominee, Houghton, and Iron Mountain. Maple syrup is a highly prized local delicacy. Cath Kidston Limited Cath Kidston Limited was registered with Companies House, on 3 April 1993. In 2009, the company's profits jumped more than 60 percent from £2.9million to £4.6million. Sales rose to £31.3m, compared with £19.3m the year before. This was partly due to new store openings. She sold most of her shares in the company in 2010. She sold them to private equity investors called TA Associates. She kept some shares. She is the company's Creative Director. Collaborations. Kidston has worked with Milletts to design tents (2005-6). She designed mobile phones for Nokia and the Carphone Warehouse in 2006. She worked with Roberts to design radios, from 2005 onwards. In 2008 she worked with Tesco to produce shopping bags made from plastic bottles. The bags were sold to raise money for Marie Curie Cancer Care. They raised almost £500000. The bags saved about 6000000 plastic bottles from being used as landfill. Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan Sault Ste. Marie is a city in, and the county seat of, Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is near the northeastern end of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. The population was 14,144 at the 2010 census. Escanaba, Michigan Escanaba ( ) is a port city in Delta County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is located on Little Bay de Noc in the state's Upper Peninsula. The population was 12,616 at the 2010 census. It is the seat of government of Delta County. Iron Mountain, Michigan Iron Mountain is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 7,624 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Dickinson County. It is in the state's Upper Peninsula. Iron Mountain was named for the valuable iron ore found in the area. Richard L. Hanna Richard Louis Hanna (January 25, 1951 – March 15, 2020) was an American politician. He was a U.S. Representative from New York from 2011 to 2017. He was known for being the second Republican U.S. Representative to support same-sex marriage in the United States. Hanna was known for his bipartisanship. He was against Obamacare and the Patriot Act. Hanna supported Equal Rights Amendment, abortion and supported female Democratic candidates. In December 2015, Hanna announced he would not run for re-election in the 2016 election citing his retirement due to family issues. On August 2, 2016, Hanna became the first sitting Republican member of Congress to say that he would vote for Hillary Clinton for President over Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election. Hanna died on March 15, 2020 under hospice care in New Hartford, New York of cancer, aged 69. Saugerties, New York Saugerties () is a town in Ulster County, New York, United States. The population was 19,482 at the 2010 census. Part of the town is inside Catskill Park. Chief Keef Keith Farrelle Cozart (born August 15, 1995), better known by his stage name Chief Keef, is an American rapper and record producer. He was born in South Side, Chicago and raised in Washington Park. Keef's music first became popular among high school students from Chicago's South Side during his teen years in the early 2010s. In 2012, Keef's popular street single "I Don't Like" was remixed by rapper Kanye West, reaching the "Billboard" Top 10. His debut album "Finally Rich" was released in December 2012, and featured the successful singles "I Don't Like" and "Love Sosa". Logic (rapper) Sir Robert Bryson Hall II (born January 22, 1990), known by his stage name Logic, is an American rapper, singer-songwriter, and record producer. He was born in Rockville, Maryland, but raised in Gaithersburg, Maryland. Logic began his musical career in early 2009 releasing "Logic: The Mixtape" and a mixtape titled "Young, Broke & Infamous" in 2010. He signed with Visionary Music Group, before releasing three more mixtapes over three years. His fourth mixtape, "" (2013), which made him very popular. He later released his debut studio album "Under Pressure" in October 2014, which debuted at number four on the U.S. "Billboard" 200. Logic's second studio album "The Incredible True Story" was released in November 2015, receiving mostly positive reviews from critics. Logic's third studio album "Everybody" (2017) was his first to debut at number one in the U.S on the billboard 200. In the album, Logic released his most popular song, "1-800-273-8255", which reached number three on the "Billboard" Hot 100. In 2018, Logic along with Sam Smith released a version of Smith's single "Pray". Gaithersburg, Maryland Gaithersburg, officially the City of Gaithersburg, is a city in Montgomery County, Maryland. At the time of the 2010 U.S. Census, Gaithersburg had a population of 59,933. It is the fourth largest incorporated city in the state, behind Baltimore, Frederick, and Rockville. Gaithersburg was incorporated as a town in 1878 and as a city in 1968. Diplo Thomas Wesley Pentz (born November 10, 1978), better known by his stage name Diplo, is an American DJ and record producer. He is the co-creator and lead member of the electronic dancehall music project Major Lazer. He is known for his works with DJ Skrillex. Diplo founded and manages record company Mad Decent, as well as co-founding the non-profit organization Heaps Decent. He has worked as a school teacher in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His 2013 EP, "Revolution", debuted at number 68 on the US "Billboard" 200. The EP’s title track was later featured in a commercial for Hyundai and is featured on the "WWE 2K16" soundtrack. On February 24, 2016, Diplo supported Bernie Sanders as the Democratic presidential nominee. Sanders' ad "It's A Revolution" is soundtracked by Diplo's 2013 track "Revolution". Tansu Çiller Tansu Çiller (born 24 May 1946) is a Turkish economist and politician. She was the 22nd Prime Minister of Turkey from 1993 to 1996. Çiller is Turkey's first and only female prime minister. She was the leader of the True Path Party. She was the Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1996 to 1997. Bülent Ecevit Mustafa Bülent Ecevit (28 May 1925 – 5 November 2006) was a Turkish politician, poet, writer, scholar, and journalist. He served as the Prime Minister of Turkey four times between 1974 and 2002. He served as prime minister of Turkey in 1974, 1977, 1978–79, and 1999–2002. He was the leader of the Republican People's Party (CHP) between 1972 and 1980, and in 1989 he became the leader of the Democratic Left Party (DSP). Personal life. He was born in Istanbul to a middle-class family. Ecevit's father Fahri Ecevit was a professor in Ankara University. His mother, Fatma Nazlı, was among the first women in Turkey to paint professionally. Ecevit said his mother was of Bosniak ancestry and his paternal grandfather was of Kurdish ancestry. He was married to political writer and politician Rahşan Ecevit. Mutare Mutare is the fourth largest city in Zimbabwe. It is the capital city of Machinaland Province and has about 190,000 people. Mbale Mbale is a city in eastern Uganda. It is the municipal capital of Mbale District and also its administrative city. Geoffrey Bwalya Mwamba Geoffrey Bwalya Mwamba (born 15 March 1959) is a Zambian politician. He is the Vice President of the United Party For National Development (UPND). Prime Minister of Turkey The Prime Minister of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: "Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanı") was the head of government of the Republic of Turkey from 1920 to 2018. The prime minister was the leader of a political coalition in the Turkish parliament (Meclis) and the leader of the cabinet. The last holder of the position is Binali Yıldırım who took office on 24 May 2016. The vote to transform the nation to a presidential system in the constitutional referendum of 2017 means the office was removed after the general election of 2018. Prime ministers. List of prime ministers of Turkey Ahmet Davutoğlu Ahmet Davutoğlu (; born 26 February 1959) is a Turkish politician. He was the Prime Minister of Turkey and leader of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) from August 2014 to May 2016. Davutoğlu was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2009 to 2014. He was elected as an AKP Member of Parliament for Konya in 2011 and was re-elected as an MP in 2015. He resigned as Prime Minister on 22 May 2016. Mesut Yılmaz Ahmet Mesut Yılmaz (6 November 1947 – 30 October 2020) a Turkish politician. He was the leader of the Motherland Party from 1991 to 2002. Three times, he was the Prime Minister of Turkey. His first two terms lasted just months (in 1991 and 1996), while the third ran from June 1997 to January 1999. Yılmaz died on 30 October 2020 from lung cancer at a hospital in Istanbul at the age of 72. Necmettin Erbakan Necmettin Erbakan (29 October 1926 – 27 February 2011) was a Turkish politician. He was the Prime Minister of Turkey from 1996 to 1997. He was forced by the military to step down as prime minister and was later banned from politics. Erbakan was the founder and leader of several prominent Islamic political parties in Turkey from the 1960s to the 2010s. The famous one were the National Order Party (MNP), the National Salvation Party (MSP), the Welfare Party (RP), the Virtue Party (FP), and the Felicity Party (SP). Lay Me Down (Sam Smith song) "Lay Me Down" is a song by English singer Sam Smith. It was the lead single from his debut studio album "In the Lonely Hour" (2014). The song was released in the United Kingdom on 15 February 2013. The song was written by Smith, Jimmy Napes and Elviin and produced by Napes and Steve Fitzmaurice. The song was re-released in February 2015 as the sixth single from the album, this time reaching number 8 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and number 15 on the UK Singles Chart. A third version featuring John Legend recorded for the British charity telethon Comic Relief reached number one in the UK in March 2015. Pietermaritzburg Pietermaritzburg is a city in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is the capital of the province and the second largest in terms of size, after Durban. Money on My Mind "Money on My Mind" is a song by English singer Sam Smith. It is the second single from his debut studio album, "In the Lonely Hour" (2014). The song was released in Italy on 27 December 2013. It was later released in the UK on 12 February 2014 and in Germany on 16 February 2014. The song was released with mixed reviews. Stay with Me (Sam Smith song) "Stay with Me" is a song by English singer Sam Smith. The song was released through his debut studio album "In the Lonely Hour" (2014). It was released in the United States on 14 April 2014 and in the United Kingdom on 18 May 2014. "Stay with Me" is a gospel-inspired ballad. The song was written by Smith, James Napier, and William Phillips. Tom Petty and Jeff Lynne receiving co-writer credits due to the song's similarity to Petty's single "I Won't Back Down". Latch (song) "Latch" is a song by English garage house duo Disclosure by English singer Sam Smith. It was released as a digital download on 8 October 2012. It was the lead single from their debut studio album, "Settle" (2013). It was on the UK Singles Chart at number 26 and has peaked at number 11. Too Good at Goodbyes "Too Good at Goodbyes" is a song by English singer Sam Smith. It was written by James Napier, Tor Hermansen, Mikkel Eriksen and Smith, and produced by Napes, Steve Fitzmaurice and StarGate. It was released on 8 September 2017 through Capitol Records. It was the lead single from his second studio album, "The Thrill of It All" (2017). The song reached number one in the UK and number four on the "Billboard" Hot 100. The Thrill of It All (Sam Smith album) The Thrill of It All is the second studio album by English singer and songwriter Sam Smith. It was released on 3 November 2017 through Capitol Records. "Too Good at Goodbyes" was released as the album's lead single on 8 September 2017. It topped the UK Singles Chart and made the top five on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. Pray (Sam Smith song) "Pray" is a song by English singer-songwriter Sam Smith. It was written by Smith, Larrance Dopson, Darryl Pearson, Timbaland, Jose Valasquez and Jimmy Napes. The song was released on 6 October 2017 through Capitol Records. It was a promotional single from Smith's second studio album, "The Thrill of It All" (2017). A new version of the song featuring American rapper Logic was released as the third single from "The Thrill of It All" on 29 March 2018. Willie Brown (politician) Willie Lewis Brown Jr. (born March 20, 1934) is an American politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Brown was in the California State Assembly for thirty years, spending 15 years as its speaker and later as the 41st mayor of San Francisco. Brown was the first African American Mayor of San Francisco. "The San Francisco Chronicle" called Brown "one of San Francisco's most famous mayors" who had "celebrity beyond the city's boundaries." Sylvester Turner Sylvester Turner (born September 27, 1954) is an American politician. He is the 62nd and current Mayor of Houston, Texas. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Turner was a member of the Texas House of Representatives from 1989 until 2016. Turner ran for mayor of Houston in 1991, losing in the runoff election to Bob Lanier. Turner won the 2015 election, defeating Bill King in the runoff by 4,082 votes out of 212,696 votes cast in the closest mayoral election in Houston history by percentage. Jim Hood James Matthew Hood (born May 15, 1962) is an American lawyer. He was the 39th Attorney General of Mississippi. He is a Democrat. He was elected in 2003 and left office in 2020. He was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Mississippi in 2019. He lost the election to Tate Reeves. London Breed London Nicole Breed (born August 11, 1974) is an American politician. She is the 45th and current Mayor of the City and County of San Francisco. She used to be supervisor for District 5, and was president of the Board of Supervisors from 2015 to 2018. Background. Breed was raised in San Francisco by her grandmother, Comelia Brown. Along with her grandmother, she lived with her siblings in public housing. In an interview, London talks about remembering being a little girl in her unsafe community. She clearly remembers seeing glass all over the street floors and graffiti on all of the walls. London was a very smart young girl, she loved school and all of her teachers knew she had a bright future ahead of her. In her teen years, Breed attended Galileo High School and soon after, the University of California. Career. In 2012, Breed was elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. She became the president of this board. Breed became "acting" mayor after the death of Mayor Ed Lee. She served in this role from December 12, 2017 to January 23, 2018. She won the special election for mayor a few months. Her main opponents in the election were Mark Leno and Jane Kim. Breed was the first black woman and second woman to be elected mayor of San Francisco. She was sworn in as mayor on July 11, 2018. Frank Jordan Francis Michael Jordan (born February 20, 1935) is an American politician. He is a former mayor of San Francisco serving from 1992 to 1996. Megan Barry Megan Christine Barry (née Mueller; born September 22, 1963) is an American businesswoman and politician. Barry was the seventh mayor of the city government of Nashville and Davidson County, its first female mayor. She was mayor from 2015 until March 6, 2018. In 2018, Barry resigned after pleading guilty to felony theft related to an affair with a city employee who had was the head of her security detail. Barry is a member of the Democratic Party. David Briley Clifton David Briley (born January 8, 1964) is an American politician. He is the mayor of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County. He was elected in 2015 as vice-mayor and was sworn in as acting mayor after Megan Barry's resignation on March 6, 2018. Briley won the May 24 special election with 55%. He is the first native of both Nashville and Tennessee since Bill Boner in 1991 to be mayor. November 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election The November 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election was held on 28 November 2016. UKIP members voted for who they want to lead the party. Paul Nuttall easily won the election after receiving 63% of the vote. The election was called for after Diane James resigned as UKIP leader. Candidates. Withdrawn. These candidates left the race before the election. Sam Massell Samuel A. Massell Jr. (August 26, 1927 – March 13, 2022) was an American businessman and politician. From 1970 to 1974, he was the 53rd Mayor of Atlanta, Georgia. He is the first Jewish mayor in the city's history. He died on March 13, 2022, at the age of 94. William B. Hartsfield William Berry Hartsfield, Sr. (March 1, 1890 – February 22, 1971), was an American politician. H was the 49th and 51st Mayor of Atlanta, Georgia. His term ran from 1937 to 1941 and again from 1942 to 1962, making him the longest-serving mayor of his native Atlanta, Georgia. Keisha Lance Bottoms Keisha Lance Bottoms (born January 18, 1970) is an American politician and lawyer. She was the 60th Mayor of Atlanta, Georgia from 2018 until 2022. She was elected as mayor in 2017, after receiving the most votes in the runoff election (50.4%). In June 2020, Bottoms became one of the final four finalists for Joe Biden's running mate for the 2020 election. In July 2020, she was diagnosed with COVID-19 despite not having any symptoms. On May 6, 2021, Bottoms announced that she would not seek reelection as mayor of Atlanta in the 2021 election. In June 2022, it was announced that President Joe Biden had picked Bottoms to replace Cedric Richmond as the Director of the Office of Public Liaison. Wesley C. Uhlman Wesley Carl Uhlman (born March 23, 1935) is an American politician. He was the 47th mayor of Seattle, Washington from 1970 to 1978. Jenny Durkan Jenny Anne Durkan (born May 19, 1958) is an American politician. She was elected Mayor of Seattle in 2017, becoming its first female mayor since the 1920s and the city's second openly LGBT elected mayor. Durkan was the United States Attorney for the Western District of Washington, appointed by President Barack Obama, from October 2009 through September 2014. Maurice Ferré Maurice A. Ferré (June 23, 1935 – September 19, 2019) was an American politician. He was a six-term Mayor of Miami, from 1973 through 1985. Ferré was the first Puerto Rican-born United States mayor and the first Hispanic Mayor of Miami. He was an unsuccessful candidate in the 2010 elections for the U.S. Senate seat for Florida vacated by Mel Martínez for the Democratic primary. Ferré died on September 19, 2019 at a Miami hospital from spinal cancer at the age of 84. Tomás Pedro Regalado Tomás Pedro Regalado y Valdez (born May 24, 1947) is a Cuban-American politician and former broadcast journalist. He was the 42nd Mayor of Miami, Florida from 2009 to 2017. He is a member of the Republican Party, although as Miami Mayor, his office is nonpartisan. Xavier Suárez Xavier Louis Suárez (born May 21, 1949) is an American politician. He was the first Cuban-born Mayor of Miami. He is currently a Miami-Dade county commissioner. Suárez was first elected Mayor in 1985. He was re-elected in 1987 and again in 1989 for a four-year term. Suarez was highly popular as Mayor of Miami. He became known in the 1990s for refusing to accept Nelson Mandela in Miami due to Mandela's support of Fidel Castro. His son, Francis X. Suarez is Mayor of the City of Miami. Francis X. Suarez Francis Xavier Suarez (; born October 6, 1977) is an American attorney and politician. He is the 33rd and current Mayor of Miami. He was elected on November 7, 2017 with 86 percent of the vote. Suarez is the first Miami-born mayor. He is a Republican, but the office of the City of Miami Mayor is nonpartisan. Suarez is the son of former Miami Mayor and current Miami-Dade County Commissioner Xavier Suarez. In March 2020, Suarez was infected with the COVID-19. Saurez is seen as a possible candidate for U.S. President or running mate choice in the 2024 presidential election. Jacob Frey Jacob Frey ( ; born July 23, 1981) is an American politician. He is the mayor of Minneapolis, Minnesota. He is a member of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party. He was elected to the Minneapolis City Council in 2013, representing the Third Ward. Hatfield, Hertfordshire Hatfield is a fairly large town and civil parish in Hertfordshire, England. It is in the borough of Welwyn Hatfield. It had a population of 39,201 at the 2011 Census. History. Hatfield is of Saxon origin. Hatfield House, home of the Marquess of Salisbury, is the most important country house. Aircraft were built from the 1930s when de Havilland opened a factory until the 1990s when British Aerospace closed it. Aircraft design and manufacture employed more people there than any other industry. Hatfield was one of the post-war New Towns built around London. It has modernist architecture from the period. The University of Hertfordshire is based there. Transportation. Hatfield is 20 miles (30 kilometres) north of London beside the A1(M) motorway and has direct trains to London King's Cross station, Finsbury Park and Moorgate. Commuters who work in London have moved into the area. Albert Hofstede Albert "Al" J. Hofstede (September 25, 1940 – September 3, 2016) was an American politician. He was, in two non-consecutive terms, the mayor of Minneapolis, Minnesota, both times representing the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party. His first term, as the 41st mayor, began on January 1, 1974, and ended on December 31, 1975, after he lost for reelection by independent Charles Stenvig. In 1977 Hofstede beat Stenvig to win another term (the 43rd), which ended on December 31, 1979. Frank G. Jackson Frank George Jackson (born October 4, 1946) is an American attorney and politician. He was the 57th Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio from 2006 until 2022. He was first elected on November 8, 2005 and re-elected in 2009, 2013, and 2017. He was the longest serving mayor in Cleveland history. John B. Nelson John B. Nelson (born January 12, 1936) is an American Republican politician. He is a former city councilman of Phoenix, Arizona former member of the Arizona House of Representatives and a current member of the Arizona Senate. From March 17, 1994 to March 28, 1994 he was Mayor of Phoenix. Greg Stanton Gregory John Stanton (born March 8, 1970) is an American politician. He is the member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Arizona's 9th district since January 3, 2019. He was Mayor of Phoenix. He won the November 8, 2011 runoff election to replace mayor Phil Gordon. Stanton was sworn in as 59th Mayor of Phoenix in January 2012 and resigned on May 29, 2018 in order to run for U.S. Congress. Tom Barrett (politician) Thomas Mark Barrett (born December 8, 1953) is an American politician. Barrett is the United States Ambassador to Luxembourg since 2022. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was the 44th Mayor of Milwaukee, Wisconsin from 2004 until 2021. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1993 to 2003. Barrett ran for Governor of Wisconsin in 2010, losing in the general election to Republican Scott Walker. Barrett ran for governor in the 2012 recall election and was defeated again by Walker. On August 25, 2021, President Joe Biden announced his plans to nominate Barrett to be the U.S. Ambassador to Luxembourg. His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 18, 2021. Raheem Kassam Raheem Kassam (born 1 August 1986 in Hammersmith, London, United Kingdom) is a British activist, author, and former editor-in-chief of Breitbart News London. Kassam was a candidate in the November 2016 UKIP leadership election, but dropped out of the race in October 2016. Biography. Raheem Kassam was born on 1 August 1986 in Hammersmith, London, United Kingdom. His parents were from Tanzania. They were of Gujarati origin. He was raised a Ismaili Muslim, but stopped believing in the faith many years ago. He is now an atheist, and was influenced by Christopher Hitchens. He studied politics at the University of Westminster in London. He was a national board member of the Conservative Future youth-movement. He was director of a campus anti-extremism group called Student Rights. He was against the London School of Economics accepting money from Gaddafi's Libya. His idols are Michael Gove, Margaret Thatcher, and Barry Goldwater. He worked at a Lehman Brothers call center, and later managed electoral campaigns in the UK and United States. He and others tried to create a British-version of the Tea Party movement. He and James Delingpole created Breitbart News London. Kassam left Breitbart in May 2018. In 2016, he said that Donald Trump would be a better president than Hillary Clinton. Kassam joined Nigel Farage in meeting Trump after the presidential election. In 2018, he claimed that London had become "a shithole" since the election of Sadiq Khan. UKIP leadership election. Kassam's campaign slogan was "Make UKIP Great Again." His activity online gave him negative attention. He viciously insulted multiple politicians, including First Minister of Scotland Nicola Sturgeon, UKIP leadership candidate Suzanne Evans, and Labour MP Angela Eagle. He called the Scottish National Party a "National Socialist party." He later apologised. He called for a referendum on the right of women in the UK to wear the niqāb, claimed that US presidential candidate Donald Trump does not hold anti-Muslim views, and questioned the claims of sexual assault made against Trump. Jim Kenney James Francis Kenney (born August 7, 1958) is an American politician. He is the 99th and current Mayor of Philadelphia. He was elected on November 3, 2015. Marty Walsh Martin Joseph "Marty" Walsh (born April 10, 1967) is an American politician. Walsh is the 29th and current United States Secretary of Labor since March 23, 2021. He was the 54th Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts from 2014 until 2021. He was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1997 until 2014 and representing the Thirteenth Suffolk district. On January 7, 2021 then President-elect Joe Biden nominated Walsh to be United States Secretary of Labor under his administration. The nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 22, 2021, by a vote of 68–29. Raymond Flynn Raymond Leo Flynn (born July 22, 1939), known as Ray Flynn, is an American politician. He served as 52nd Mayor of Boston, Massachusetts from 1984 until 1993. He was later appointed United States Ambassador to the Holy See (1993–1997) by President Bill Clinton. Ted Wheeler Edward Tevis Wheeler (born August 31, 1962) is an American politician. He is the current mayor of Portland, Oregon. He was Oregon State Treasurer. He was appointed on March 9, 2010, to replace Ben Westlund, who died in office. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Thomas D'Alesandro III Thomas Ludwig John D'Alesandro III (July 24, 1929 – October 20, 2019) was an American attorney and politician. He was Mayor of Baltimore, Maryland from 1967 to 1971. He was the brother of Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi, and son of former Baltimore Mayor Thomas D'Alesandro Jr., who served from 1947 to 1959. D'Alesandro III died at his home in Baltimore from stroke-related problems on October 20, 2019 at the age of 90. Catherine E. Pugh Catherine E. Pugh (born March 10, 1950) is an American Democratic politician. She is the 50th mayor of Baltimore, Maryland serving from 2016 to 2019. She is Baltimore's third consecutive female mayor. In April 2019, Pugh announced she was taking a leave of absence to recover from pneumonia. The announcement came at the same time when a scandal over a "self-dealing" book-sales arrangement of Pugh's books in exchange for contracts with the city were made public. On May 2, 2019, Pugh resigned as Mayor of Baltimore amid the book scandal. On February 27, 2020, Pugh was sentenced to 3 years in prison to be followed by 3 years of probation. Kenneth A. Gibson Kenneth Allen Gibson (May 15, 1932 – March 29, 2019) was an American Democratic Party politician. He was elected in 1970 as the 34th Mayor of Newark, New Jersey. He was the first African American elected mayor of any major Northeastern United States city. He served from 1970 to 1986. Gibson died on March 29, 2019 in Newark, New Jersey at the age of 86. Ras Baraka Ras Jua Baraka (born April 9, 1970) is an American politician. He is the 40th and current Mayor of Newark, New Jersey. He was a member of the Municipal Council of Newark. His father was poet Amiri Baraka. Somnath Chatterjee Somnath Chatterjee (25 July 1929 – 13 August 2018) was an Indian politician. He was a member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) for most of his life. He was the Speaker of the Lok Sabha (House of the People) from 2004 to 2009. Chatterjee died on 13 August 2018 from a heart attack in a private hospital in Kolkata, aged 89. Mousa Dembele Mousa Dembele (born 16 July 1987) is a Belgian professional football player. He plays for Tottenham Hotspur F.C. and the Belgium national team. Shivraj Patil Shivraj Vishwanath Patil (born 12 October 1935) is an Indian politician. He was the Governor of the state of Punjab and Administrator of the Union Territory of Chandigarh from 2010 to 2015. He was the Speaker of the 11th Lok Sabha from 1991 to 1996. Norristown, Pennsylvania Norristown is a borough in and the county seat of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is along the Schuylkill River about six miles from Philadelphia. Norristown's population was 34,324 at the 2010 U.S. Census. Jabalpur Jabalpur or Jubbulpore is a city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is close to the Nerbudda river. Jabalpur is one of the largest cities in the state of Madhya Pradesh. It is located at a major road - rail junction and is also a military headquarters. Mmusi Maimane Mmusi Aloysias Maimane (born 6 June 1980) is a South African politician. He is a former member of parliament and the previously leader of the official opposition, the Democratic Alliance (DA). Maimane was born on 6 June 1980 in the Leratong Hospital in Krugersdorp. Maimane stepped down as DA leader and leader of the opposition in parliament in October 2019. John Steenhuisen was elected to both positions. Shaun Abrahams Shaun Abrahams is a South African lawyer and head of the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA). He was appointed to the position by president Jacob Zuma in 2015. On 13th August 2018, a South African Constitutional Court found the appointment by Zuma as invalid. Yajurveda The Yajurveda (Sanskrit: यजुर्वेद, ', from ' meaning "prose mantra" and "veda" meaning "knowledge") is one of the four Vedas, and one of the scriptures of Hinduism. Others are Rigveda, Samaveda, and Atharva Veda. Uterine fibroid A uterine fibroid is a tumor that is not cancer. It is a benign tumor. This kind of tumor grows in the muscle of the uterus, or womb. Fibroids often do not grow very large and do not always need to be treated. This kind of tumor often gets smaller after menopause. But sometimes fibroids cause heavy bleeding or pain. In this case, a physician may treat it. Moise Katumbi Moïse Katumbi Chapwe (; born 28 December 1964) is a Congolese politician who served as Governor of Katanga Province from 2007 to 2015. He was one of the contenders to succeeded by Joseph Kabila in the run up to the 2018 election but he was barred from returning and entering the country to file in his nomination for the presidency. In December 2021, Moïse Katumbi officially launched his political party in view of the 2023 presidential election. Jean-Pierre Bemba Jean-Pierre Bemba (born 4 November 1962) is a Congolese politician and member of parliament. He served as Vice President of Democratic Republic of Congo from 2003 - 2006 and is running for the president to succeeded by Joseph Kabila in the December 2018 elections. Fediverse The Fediverse is the name given to a group of computer servers that host social networks in a peer-to-peer way. Each of these servers are able to talk with each other to make one gigantic web of social networks. This is similar to if Twitter users could see posts from Facebook users, and Facebook users could see posts from Twitter users. Its name is a combination of the words "federation" and "universe". Most instances of the Fediverse make use of free, open source software. They also use technology standards called ActivityPub and OStatus. To contribute content to the Fediverse you can either host your own server instance, or join an existing one as a user. Within the fediverse, there is not "one" federation, but rather numerous "bubbles of federation", more or less isolated or interconnected. Senanga Senanga is a town in Western Province, Zambia. It is on the banks of the Zambezi River. About 72,000 people live there. Iseo Iseo can mean: Chaumot Chaumot is the name of the two communes in France: Blacy Blacy is the name of the two communes in France: Cerdon Cerdon is the name of two communes in France: Boissey Boissey may refer to several communes in France: Saint-Éloi Saint-Éloi (French for Saint Eligius) may refer to: Coker, Alabama Coker is a town in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, United States. It was incorporated in 1999. At the 2010 census, the population was 979. It is part of the Tuscaloosa Metropolitan Statistical Area. Geography. Coker is located at (33.246283, -87.679221). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Lubumbashi Lubumbashi is the second largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is the capital of Katanga Province. It is named for a small river. Masera Masera is a "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont. Masera is about northeast of Turin and about northwest of Verbania. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,483 and has an area of . Masera borders the following municipalities: Crevoladossola, Domodossola, Druogno, Montecrestese, Santa Maria Maggiore, Trontano. Goma Goma is a city in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is the capital of the North Kivu province. It is located on the northern shore of Lake Kivu, next to the Rwandan city of Gisenyi. Globish Globish is an attempt at creating a subset of the English language for use as the international language for commerce. It has 1500 words, simple grammar rules, no humor, and no Anglo-cultural references. It was inspired by Charles Kay Ogden's BE 850. It has a word base based on real observation of non-natives' conversations in English. The selection of 1500 words is slightly different from the VOA Special English and the SPOTLIGHT Specialized English word choices, but still quite similar. There is however a different list from a Japanese website on Globish. And the Globish Text Scanner allows some 500 more words. Wes Wise Wes Wise (born 1929) is an American politician and sports journalist. He was born in Shreveport, Louisiana. He was, from 1971 to 1976, a three-term Mayor of Dallas, Texas. During his two terms as mayor of Dallas, Wise guided Dallas from under the cloud of the assassination and at the same time saved the Texas School Book Depository from imminent destruction, preserving it for further research into the president's murder. Adlene Harrison Adlene Harrison (November 19, 1923 – February 19, 2022) was an American politician. She was born in Dallas, Texas. Harrison was acting Mayor of Dallas in 1976. She was the city's first Jewish mayor, and its first female mayor. Career. Harrison, a Democratic city councilwoman since 1973, replaced Wes Wise as mayor when he resigned to run for the United States Congress. She served until the election of a new mayor, Robert Folsom, at the end of the year. Harrison died on February 19, 2022 in Dallas at the age of 98. Mike Rawlings Michael Scott Rawlings (born August 25, 1954) is an American businessman and politician. He was the 61st Mayor of Dallas. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He won the 2011 election. He was re-elected in 2015. Rawlings was CEO of Pizza Hut from 1997 to 2002 and was also a former chief executive of the Tracy-Locke ad agency. Luke Ravenstahl Luke Robert Ravenstahl (born February 6, 1980) is an American politician. He was the 59th Mayor of Pittsburgh from 2006 until 2014. A Democrat, he became the youngest mayor in Pittsburgh's history in September 2006 at the age of 26. He was among the youngest mayors of a major city in American history. Thomas J. Murphy Jr. Thomas J. "Tom" Murphy Jr. (born August 15, 1944) is an American politician. He was a Democratic politician from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was in state government in two terms, from 1979 to 1982 representing the 17th district, and from 1983 to 1993 representing the 20th district. From January 1994 until January 2006 he served as Mayor of Pittsburgh. Bill Peduto William Mark Peduto (born October 30, 1964) is an American politician. He was the 60th Mayor of Pittsburgh. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Before being mayor, he was a member of the Pittsburgh City Council from 2002 until 2014. In the 2013 election, Peduto won the mayoral election by winning 84% of the vote. After being elected Mayor to succeed the outgoing Luke Ravenstahl, Peduto was inaugurated in January 2014. In the 2017 election, he was re-elected to a second term as Mayor, winning 96% of the vote. Polokwane Polokwane is a city in South Africa. It is the capital of Limpopo Province and has about 130,000 people. Mahikeng Mahikeng is a South African city. It is the capital of North West Province and has a population of about 250,000 people. Thembisa Thembisa is a township in Johannesburg, South Africa. It was founded in 1957 to accommodate black South Africans during Apartheid. It has about 19,000 people. Mamelodi Mamelodi is a black township in South Africa. It was formed by the South African Apartheid government to resettle black South Africans. It has a population of about 300,000 people. Jim Neidhart James Henry Neidhart (February 8, 1955 – August 13, 2018) was an American professional wrestler. He was best known for his appearances in the 1980s and 1990s in the World Wrestling Federation as Jim "The Anvil" Neidhart. Under this ring name, he was a two-time WWF Tag Team Champion with Bret Hart in The Hart Foundation. He was a main wrestler for WWF events including, Survivor Series 1989 and In Your House 16: Canadian Stampede. Neidhart was born in Tampa, Florida. He and his wife, Elizabeth Hart (daughter of Stu Hart), had three children. The couple's daughter, Natalie, is a professional wrestler with the ring name "Natalya" and is signed with WWE. On August 13, 2018, Neidhart died of a head injury after falling due to a possible seizure at his home in Land O' Lakes, Florida. He was 63. At the time of his death, he had early on-set Alzheimer's disease. Caelestiventus Caelestiventus is an early pterosaur. It is important because it is 65 million years older than any other known desert-dwelling pterosaur. Also, it shows that the earliest pterosaurs were morphologically and ecologically varied. The Dimorphodontidae originated in the Triassic period. Jean-Michel Liade Gnonka Jean-Michel Liade Gnonka (born July 20, 1980 in Ouagadougou) is a former Burkinabé football player. He played for 18 years and was part of the squads which took part in the African Cup of Nations tournaments of 1998, 2000, and 2004. Sonic & Sega All-Stars Racing Sonic And Sega All Stars Racing is a video game made by Sumo Digital and published by Sega. The game was released on February 23, 2010 in North America. The game was released in Europe on February 26, 2010, except the United Kingdom. The game is available on PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, PC, and Wii. It was not released in the United Kingdom for unknown reasons. A Nintendo DS version was planned, but was cancelled for unknown reasons. The Wii version can be played on the Wii U.. Ben Idrissa Dermé Ben Idrissa Dermé (21 January 1982 – 11 September 2016) was a Burkinabé football player. Career. He was born in Abra, Dermé played club football in Burkina Faso, Moldova, and France for Étoile Filante, Sheriff Tiraspol, US Ouagadougou, USC Corte, CA Bastia, ÉF Bastia and AJ Biguglia. He earned three caps for the Burkina Faso national team between 2006 and 2010. Death. Dermé died on 11 September 2016 following a heart attack during a 2016–17 Coupe de France match, aged 34. Zéphyrin Toé Zéphyrin Toé (30 December 1928 − 25 November 2013) was a Burkinabé Roman Catholic bishop. Toé was ordained to the priesthood on 6 April 1958, he was named bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nouna, Burkina Faso on 5 July 1973, and was later named bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dédougou, Burkina Faso on 14 April 2000 and retired on 14 June 2005. Toé died on 25 November 2013 at the age of 84. Patricia Benoit Patricia Eloise Benoit (February 21, 1927 – August 6, 2018) was an American actress and movie director. She was known for playing the role of Wally Cox's wife in the 1954 TV series, "Mister Peepers". In 2012, she became known for her directorial work on "Stones in the Sun". Benoit died on August 6, 2018 in Port Chester, New York at the age of 91. Port Chester, New York Port Chester is a village in Westchester County, New York, United States. The village is part of the town of Rye. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 28,967. Meadows Place, Texas Meadows Place is a city located in Fort Bend County in the U.S. state of Texas. It is within the metropolitan area. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the city population was 4,660. Borger, Texas Borger is the largest city in Hutchinson County, Texas, United States. The population was 13,251 at the 2010 census. Borger is named for businessman Asa Philip "Ace" Borger. Pleasantville, New York Pleasantville is a village in the town of Mount Pleasant, in Westchester County, New York. The village population was 7,019 at the 2010 census. Land O' Lakes, Florida Land O' Lakes is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pasco County, Florida, United States. Land O' Lakes is part of the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Florida metropolitan area. As of the 2010 census, the CDP population was 31,145. Kazimiera Utrata Kazimiera Utrata (5 July 1932 – 12 August 2018) was a Polish actress. She had appeared in 49 movies and television shows from 1959 until her retirement in 2017. She was known for her roles in "A Woman's Decision" (1975) and in "Ballada o Januszku" (1988). Utrata died on 12 August 2018 in Warsaw from congestive heart failure, aged 86. Balram Das Tandon Balram Das Tandon (1 November 1927 – 14 August 2018) was an Indian politician. He was the Governor of Chhattisgarh from 2014 until his death in 2018. He was a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party from Punjab. Tandon died on 14 August 2018 in Raipur, Chhattisgarh from bronchopneumonia, aged 90. Stu Hart Stewart Edward Hart, (May 3, 1915 – October 16, 2003) was a Canadian football player, amateur wrestler, sailor, professional wrestler, wrestling booker, promoter, coach, philanthropist and trainer. Hart was known for his large wrestling family as many of his children and grandchildren would become famous wrestlers and for training many well known wrestlers. Hart has been called the one of the most important and influencial person in wrestling history. Early life. Hart was born to a poor family in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. He was in the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) during World War II. He began wrestling while serving in the RCN. In 1947, he married Helen Louise Smith. Career. In 1947, Hart began his professional wrestling career in New York. He would begin his career with Stampede Wrestling in 1967 until 1984. Hart was best known for founding and handling Stampede Wrestling. He taught many wrestlers through his "The Dungeon" and created a pro-wrestling dynasty. He was the father of Bret and Owen Hart as well as the grandfather of Natalya and David Hart Smith. Many people see Hart as the most important and respected wrestlers of all time. Hart was a trainer as well who trained Chris Jericho, Edge, Christian, Mark Henry, Chris Benoit, Abdullah the Butcher, Smith Hart, Bret Hart, Owen Hart, Brian Pillman, Jesse Ventura, Davey Boy Smith, David Hart Smith, Dynamite Kid, Gorilla Monsoon, Jim Neidhart, Junkyard Dog, Ken Shamrock, Lance Storm, Mark Henry, Natalya, Nikolai Volkoff, Roddy Piper and Tyson Kidd. Hart retired in the 1990s after suffering a severe leg injury. Until his retirement, he would be a commentator or trainer in his final years. Family. Hart had twelve children. They were: Smith Hart, Bruce Hart, Keith Hart, Wayne Hart, Dean Hart, Bret Hart, Ross Hart, Diana Hart and Owen Hart. Wrestler Jim Neidhart was his son-in-law and Natalya was his granddaughter. Roddy Piper claimed to have been a cousin to Hart, and Hart's children thought of Piper of a close friend to the family. Death. In 2003, Hart suffered from multiple cases of pneumonia until suffering a stroke on October 15, 2003. He died the next day in Calgary, Alberta, aged 88. His remains were cremated. Honors. In 2001, Hart was awarded the Order of Canada for his charity work and in 2010, was added into the WWE Hall of Fame. Santa Clara County, California Santa Clara County, officially the County of Santa Clara, is a county in the San Francisco Bay Area in state of California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,781,642. It is sixth largest county in the state of California by population. The county seat and largest city is San Jose. Santa Clara County's population in 2017 is estimated to be larger than the population of fourteen U.S. states and of the District of Coumbia. Beto O'Rourke Robert Francis "Beto" O'Rourke (; born September 26, 1972) is an American politician and businessman. He was the U.S. Representative for Texas's 16th congressional district from 2013 to 2019. He was elected to congress in 2012. He ran for President of the United States in 2020. O'Rourke is the Democratic nominee for Governor of Texas in the 2022 election. O'Rourke was the Democratic nominee in the 2018 Texas Senate race, challenging Republican incumbent Ted Cruz. He lost the general election to Cruz. After the 2018 election, O'Rourke had been seen as a possible candidate for President of the United States in the upcoming 2020 presidential election. Other analysts have seen O'Rourke as the Democratic vice presidential candidate. On March 13, 2019, O'Rourke announced his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for President. He ended his bid on November 1, 2019. In November 2021, he said that he is running for Governor of Texas in the 2022 election. Early life. O'Rourke was born on September 26, 1972 in El Paso, Texas, to Pat Francis O'Rourke and his second wife Melissa Martha O'Rourke (née Williams). He has Irish and Welsh ancestry. His family gave him the nickname in infancy "Beto", a common Spanish nickname for first names ending in "-berto". O'Rourke studied at Columbia University, where he graduated in 1995. During his college years, he formed a band Band. On May 19, 1995, O'Rourke and his friends sneaked under the fence at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) physical plant, and were arrested by the UTEP police for burglary. He stayed in jail overnight and posted bail the following day. He was initially charged with burglary, but UTEP decided not to press charges. O'Rourke was arrested for drunk driving after a car crash on September 27, 1998. The charges were dismissed in October 1999 after he completed a court-recommended DWI program. Early career. In mid-2005, O'Rourke ran for the El Paso City Council on a platform of downtown development and border reform. O'Rourke defeated two-term incumbent City Councilman Anthony Cobos 57 percent to 43 percent. O'Rourke is one of the youngest representatives ever to have served on the City Council. In 2007, he won re-election to a second term, defeating Trini Acevedo 70 percent to 30 percent. During his first term, he supported a plan to convert a depressed area of El Paso into a business district, including an arena, major retailers, and an arts walk. In January 2009, O'Rourke sponsored a resolution calling for "comprehensive examination" of the War on Drugs and "the repeal of ineffective marijuana laws". U.S. Representative. In 2012, O'Rourke filed for the Democratic primary against the eight-term Silvestre Reyes to represent Texas's 16th congressional district. The primary was seen as the real contest in the Democratic, Latino-majority district. O'Rourke won 50.5 percent of the vote. He defeated his Republican opponent, Barbara Carrasco, in the general election with 65 percent of the vote. As a Congressman, he held at least one town hall meeting every month. In March 2013, O'Rourke and Republican Steve Pearce of New Mexico introduced the Border Enforcement Accountability, Oversight, and Community Engagement Act. In November 2014, O'Rourke was against Barack Obama's deferred action policy that used an executive action to bypass Congress in order to spare approximately 5 million undocumented immigrants from deportation, saying "the motive is noble, but the means are really hard to stomach." O'Rourke endorsed Hillary Clinton for President, being one of the last Democratic congressmen to support her during the primary. As a sitting member of Congress, O'Rourke was a superdelegate to the Democratic National Convention. 2018 U.S. Senate election. On March 31, 2017, O'Rourke formally announced his candidacy for the United States Senate seat held by incumbent Republican Ted Cruz. In March 2018, O'Rourke became the Democratic Party nominee, winning 61.8 percent of the primary vote. O'Rourke campaigned in all of Texas's 254 counties, sometimes drawing large crowds and sometimes speaking to as few as 15 or 20 people. His campaign employed the use of mass text messages. According to the 2018 third-quarter report from the FEC, his campaign spent 7.3 million on digital advertising alone (in contrast with Cruz's $251,000). He posted to social media daily, including Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook, and livestreamed his activities traveling the state, such as skateboarding in a Whataburger parking lot, washing clothes at a laundromat, and "blockwalking" in his constituents' neighborhoods. On November 6, 2018, Ted Cruz defeated O'Rourke. Cruz won 51 percent of the vote, compared to 48 percent for O'Rourke. 2020 presidential campaign. In late 2018, speculation began that O'Rourke might run in the United States presidential election in 2020. On March 14, 2019, O'Rourke launched his campaign. He ended his campaign on November 1, 2019. 2022 Texas gubernatorial campaign. On November 15, 2021 O'Rourke announced that he is running for Governor of Texas in the 2022 election against Greg Abbott. He won the Democratic nomination on March 1, 2022. He was defeated in the gubernatorial election. Personal life. O'Rourke married Amy Hoover Sanders in 2005. The couple and their three children live in El Paso's Sunset Heights area. Monterey County, California Monterey County is a county located on the Pacific coast of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 415,057. The county seat and largest city is Salinas. Eldridge, Alabama Eldridge is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Sipsey, Alabama Sipsey is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Carouge Carouge is a municipality in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland. The municipality is located south of the Rhône and Arve rivers. Iowa County Iowa County is the name of two counties in the United States: Grayson County Grayson County is the name of three counties in the United States: Jimmy Morales Jimmy Morales (born James Ernesto Morales Cabrera; 18 March 1969) is a Guatemalan politician. He served as President of Guatemala from January 2016 to January 2020. Kiowa County Kiowa County is the name of three counties in the United States: Franklin County, Maine Franklin County is a county in the state of Maine, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 30,768, making it the second-least populous county in Maine. The county seat is Farmington. The county was founded on May 9, 1838 and named for Benjamin Franklin. Alberta, Alabama Alberta is an unincorporated community in Wilcox County, Alabama, United States. Collinsville, Alabama Collinsville is a town in DeKalb and Cherokee counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. It was incorporated in 1887. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,983. Chittagong University The University of Chittagong (Chittagong University, , CU in short) is a public university in Hathazari Upazila, Chittagong District, Bangladesh. This university has a campus of . It is ranked 2nd among the universities in Bangladesh by Webometrics Ranking of World Universities. Chittagong University was founded on 3 December 1965 by Fazlul Qadir Chaudhry in Chittagong City. It has around 22,000 students and 750 faculty members. Jostaberry The jostaberry ("Ribes × nidigrolaria") is a type of fruit plant in the genus "Ribes". This type of bush has three original species, the black currant "R. nigrum", the North American coastal black gooseberry "R. divaricatum", and the European gooseberry "R. uva-crispa". Rómulo Betancourt Rómulo Ernesto Betancourt Bello (22 February 1908 – 28 September 1981), known as "The Father of Venezuelan Democracy", was the 47th and 54th President of Venezuela, serving from 1945 to 1948 and again from 1959 to 1964, as well as leader of Acción Democrática, Venezuela's dominant political party in the 20th century. Betancourt, one of Venezuela's most important political figures, led a tumultuous and highly controversial career in Latin American politics. Periods of exile brought Betancourt in contact with various Latin American countries as well as the United States, securing his legacy as one of the most prominent international leaders to emerge from 20th-century Latin America. Scholars credit Betancourt as the Founding Father of modern democratic Venezuela. Dagmar Havlová Dagmar Havlová (born Dagmar Veškrnová on 22 March 1953 in Brno, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech actress. She married Václav Havel, then Czech President, on 4 January 1997. She has one daughter, Nina Veškrnová (born 1976), from a previous marriage to Radvít Novák (1975–1980). on 22 March 1953 in Brno. She graduated from the Brno Conservatory in 1971. In 1975, she graduated with the title of "Magister artis" (equivalent to Master of Fine Arts) from the Janáček Academy of Musical Arts. Jack Lengyel Jack Robert Lengyel (born 1935) is an American software executive and former football coach, lacrosse coach, and college athletics administrator. Lengyel was born in Akron, Ohio. Lengyel was the head football coach at the College of Wooster from 1966 to 1970 and at Marshall University from 1971 until 1974, having a college football record of 33–54. At Marshall, he took over the Thundering Herd football program after the Southern Airways Flight 932 plane crash that killed nearly the entire team in 1970. Lengyel was the athletic director at California State University, Fresno from 1983 to 1986, at the University of Missouri from 1986 to 1988, and at the United States Naval Academy from 1988 to 2001. He was the interim athletic director at Temple University in 2002, at Eastern Kentucky University from 2002 to 2003, and at the University of Colorado Boulder from 2004 to 2005. In the 2006 movie "We Are Marshall", is based on the Marshall plane crash and Marshall's 1971 team where he is played by Matthew McConaughey. Eduard Uspensky Eduard Nikolayevich Uspensky (; 22 December 1937 — 14 August 2018) was a Russian author and screenwriter. He wrote many children's books. He was born in Yegoryevsk, Soviet Union. Among his most beloved characters are a serious but adventurous boy known as Uncle Fyodor from "Uncle Fyodor, His Dog and His Cat". He also wrote screenplays, his best known ones were "Gena the Crocodile" and "Plasticine Crow". Uspensky died in Moscow on 14 August 2018 from liver cancer, aged 80. The Joy of Painting The Joy of Painting is an American half-hour television show hosted by painter Bob Ross. It ran from January 11, 1983 until May 17, 1994. In each episode, Ross taught viewers of how to draw landscapes through oil painting, completing a painting in each session. During its run, it won three Emmy Awards. In 2015, full episodes of "The Joy of Painting" were added to the official Bob Ross YouTube channel. In June 2016, Netflix added 1991-92 episodes of "The Joy of Painting" under the title "Beauty is Everywhere". Ned Lamont Edward Miner Lamont Jr. (born January 3, 1954) is an American businessman and politician. He is the 89th and current Governor of Connecticut. Before being elected governor, he was a political science professor at Central Connecticut State University. In 2006, he beat incumbent United States Senator Joe Lieberman in Connecticut's Democratic primary election. However, in the general election, Lamont and Republican candidate Alan Schlesinger lost to Lieberman, who then ran as an independent candidate. In 2010, he ran for the Democratic nomination for Governor of Connecticut, and lost to Dannel Malloy. He was the Democratic nominee for Governor in 2018. He defeated Republican Bob Stefanowski in November 2018. Mandirajakulon Mandirajakulon is a village in Mandiraja, Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia. Mandirajawetan Mandirajawetan is a village in Mandiraja, Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia. Banjengan Banjengan is a village in Mandiraja, Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia. Kebakalan Kebakalan is a village in Mandiraja, Banjarnegara District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Panggisari Panggisari is a village in Mandiraja, Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia. Candiwulan Candiwulan is a village in the Kebumen District, Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia. Walt Maddox Walter Thomas Maddox (born December 27, 1972) is an American politician. He is the 36th and current Mayor of Tuscaloosa, Alabama since 2005. From 2001 to present, he was on the Tuscaloosa City Council and was executive director of personnel for Tuscaloosa City Schools. Maddox was a field director for the Alabama Education Association from 1996 to 2001. In 2005 he successfully ran for Mayor of Tuscaloosa and has been re-elected three times. Maddox was the 2018 Democratic nominee for Governor of Alabama. Kertayasa Kertayasa is a village in Mandiraja, Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia. Purwasaba Purwasaba is a village in Mandiraja, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Glempang Glempang is a village in Mandiraja, Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia. Kebanaran Kebanaran is a village in Mandiraja, Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia. Salamerta Salamerta is a village in Mandiraja, Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia. Kaliwungu, Kendal Kaliwungu is a sub-district in Kendal Regency , Central Java Province , Indonesia . This sub-district is directly adjacent to Semarang , precisely to the west of Semarang City, Indonesia . Somawangi Somawangi is a village in Mandiraja, Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia. Jalatunda Jalatunda is a village in Mandiraja, Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia. Blimbing Blimbling is a village in Mandiraja, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java Province Indonesia. Simbang Simbang is a village in Mandiraja, Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia. Mark Begich Mark Peter Begich (; born March 30, 1962) is an American politician. He was a United States Senator from Alaska from 2009 to 2015. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was Mayor of Anchorage from 2003 to 2009. Begich is the son of former U.S. Representative Nick Begich Sr.. In the 2008 Senate election, Begich beat Senator Ted Stevens, at the time, the longest-serving Republican member of the Senate. In the 2014 Senate election, Begich lost his bid for reelection by former Alaska Attorney General Dan Sullivan. Begich was the Democratic candidate for Governor in the 2018 election, but was defeated by Republican Mike J. Dunleavy. Ray Tenorio Raymond Stanley Tenorio (born February 8, 1965) is a Guamanian Republican politician and former police officer of the Guam Police Department. He was the 9th Lieutenant Governor of Guam from 2011 to 2019. Tenorio was a Senator in the Legislature of Guam from January 2003 until January 2011. He took office as the 9th Lieutenant Governor of Guam on January 3, 2011. He won the gubernatorial election in November 2010 with Governor Eddie Calvo and was once again re-elected under the same ticket in the gubernatorial election in 2014. Tenorio was the Republican candidate for Governor in the 2018 election, but lost the general election to Democrat Lou Leon Guerrero. Andria Tupola Andria Tupola (born December 6, 1980) is an American politician and a Republican member of the Honolulu City Council since 2021. She was a member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from 2014 until 2018. In 2015, she served as the minority floor leader for one year. She currently serves as the Minority Leader making her the first Samoan woman to serve in that position. Tupola was the Republican nominee for Governor of Hawaii in 2018. Brad Little Brad Little (born February 15, 1954) is an American politician. Little is a member of the Republican Party. He is the 33rd and current Governor of Idaho since 2019. Little was the 42nd Lieutenant Governor of Idaho from 2009 to 2019. Little was appointed by Governor Butch Otter to replaced Jim Risch as Lieutenant Governor, who resigned to become a United States Senator. Little was the Republican nominee for Governor in the 2018 gubernatorial election. He defeated Democrat Paulette Jordan in the general election. Paulette Jordan Paulette Jordan (born December 7, 1979) is an American politician. She is in the Idaho House of Representatives as a member of the Democratic Party from December 1, 2014 until February 14, 2018. Jordan was on the Coeur d’Alene Tribal Council. During her final term she was the only Democrat serving in the Idaho Legislature from North Idaho. She was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Idaho in the 2018 election against Lieutenant Governor Brad Little. She lost the general election to Little in November 2018. On February 7, 2020, she announced a run for the United States Senate against incumbent Senator Jim Risch. Greg Gianforte Gregory Richard Gianforte (born April 17, 1961) is an American businessman, engineer, politician, and author. He is the 25th Governor of Montana since 2021. He was the U.S. Representative for Montana's at-large congressional district from 2017 to 2021. Career. Gianforte and his wife founded RightNow Technologies, a customer relationship management software company. In 2016, he ran for Governor of Montana for the Republican Party, losing to Democratic incumbent Steve Bullock. On May 25, 2017, he won a special election for Montana's at-large congressional seat, defeating Democratic opponent Rob Quist. In 2020, he was elected Governor of Montana. Assault charge. On June 12, 2017, Gianforte pleaded guilty in court on a charge of misdemeanor assault stemming from his May 24 attack on "The Guardian" political reporter Ben Jacobs. He was sentenced to 40 hours of community service, 20 hours of anger management, a 180-day deferred sentence, and a $300 fine along with an $85 court fee. Wealth. As of 2018, he was among the richest members of Congress. Health. In April 2021, Gianforte was diagnosed with COVID-19. Laura Kelly Laura Kelly (born January 24, 1950) is a Democratic politician. Kelly is the 48th and current Governor of Kansas since 2019. She was a member of the Kansas Senate, representing the 18th District from 2005 to 2019. She was the Senate Minority Whip. Kelly was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Kansas in the 2018 election cycle. She beat Kris Kobach in the general election. Janet T. Mills Janet Trafton Mills (born December 30, 1947) is an American politician. She is the 75th and current Governor of Maine. She is the first female Governor of Maine. Before being elected governor, she is the Attorney General of Maine. She was first elected by the Maine State Legislature on January 6, 2009. Her second term began on January 3, 2015. She is the first woman to hold the position of State Attorney General in Maine. Mills was born in Farmington, Maine. She studied at the University of Massachusetts Boston. Mills was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Maine in the 2018 Maine gubernatorial election winning the general election against Republican Shawn Moody. Bill Schuette William Duncan Schuette ( ; born October 13, 1953) is an American politician and lawyer. He is the 53rd and current Attorney General of Michigan. He was the Republican nominee for Governor of Michigan in the 2018 gubernatorial election loosing to Gretchen Whitmer. Gretchen Whitmer Gretchen Esther Whitmer (born August 23, 1971) is an American politician who is the 49th and current Governor of Michigan. She won the 2018 gubernatorial election. Whitmer is a former Democratic member of the Michigan Senate and Senate Democratic Leader. Whitmer was a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from 2000 to 2006. On January 3, 2017, Whitmer announced her plans to run for governor, making her among the first to announce. On August 7, 2018, she became the Democratic nominee in the 2018 gubernatorial election. She won the general election on November 6, 2018. In 2020, she delivered the Democrats' response to President Trump's 2020 State of the Union Address. Whitmer was considered as a choice for running mate for Joe Biden, the Democratic nominee for president, in his 2020 campaign for president. Political career. Michigan Legislature. Michigan House of Representatives. Whitmer began her political career in 2001, when she was inaugurated to the Michigan House of Representatives. She served there until March 16, 2006. Five days later, she joined the Michigan Senate. Michigan Senate. Whitmer was inaugurated to the Michigan Senate on March 21, 2006, five days after leaving the Michigan House. She would continue serving through 2014. She spent the last four years in the Michigan Senate as Minority Leader. Ingham County Prosecutor. After the resignation of Stuart Dunnings III as the result of a scandal, Whitmer was unanimously chosen as his successor in the position of Prosecutor of Ingham County. She served their through the second half of 2016. Governor of Michigan. She was elected governor in 2018. She described herself as progressive, and has worked with progressive leaders in Michigan as governor. On October 8, 2020, the FBI arrested 13 people for attempting to kidnap her and overthrow the state government. The suspects were tied to a far-right militia group called the Wolverine Watchmen. Personal life. Early life. Gretchen Esther Whitmer was born on August 23, 1971, in Lansing, Michigan, and grew up in Michigan. Personal life. Whitmer married Gary Shrewsbery, with whom she had two children, before their divorce. In 2011, she married dentist Marc Mallory, who had 3 sons in his previous marriage. The family currenty lives in East Lansing. Tim Walz Timothy James Walz (; born April 6, 1964) is an American politician. Waltz is a member of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL). He is the 41st Governor of Minnesota. He was a U.S. Representative for from 2007 to 2019. In March 2017, Walz announced that he would not run for reelection to Congress. He ran for Governor of Minnesota and on August 14, 2018, he won the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party nomination. He won the general election in November 2018. Jeff Johnson Jeff Johnson (born November 11, 1966) is an American politician. He was elected to the Minnesota House of Representatives in 2000 and from 2001 until 2007. He left office to run unsuccessfully for state attorney general in 2006. Johnson is the Hennepin County commissioner for the 7th district, he was elected as the Republican National Committeeman from Minnesota in April 2011. On May 10, 2017, Johnson announced that he would run again for Governor of Minnesota. On August 14, 2018, Johnson defeated former Governor Tim Pawlenty in the primary to become the party's nominee to challenge Democrat Tim Walz. He lost the general election to Walz in November 2018. Steve Sisolak Stephen F. Sisolak (born December 26, 1953) is an American businessman and politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He is the 30th and current Governor of Nevada. Before becoming Governor, he was a member of the Clark County Commission and was its Chair. Sisolak was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Nevada in the 2018 election and faced Republican Adam Laxalt. In the general election, Sisolak defeated Laxalt by nearly 5%. Michelle Lujan Grisham Michelle Lynn Lujan Grisham (; born October 24, 1959) is an American lawyer and politician. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Lujan Grisham is the 32nd and current Governor of New Mexico since January 1, 2019. She was the U.S. Representative for from 2013 to 2018. Lujan Grisham has announced her candidacy for Governor of New Mexico in the 2018 election. She won the Democratic nomination on June 5, 2018. She defeated Republican Steve Pearce in the general election. Her uncle is former Republican Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and former U.S. Representative Manuel Lujan, Jr.. In 2019, a campaign staffer accused Lujan Grisham of sexual misconduct after she reportedly poured water on the staffer's pants and grabbed his penis-area. In 2021, she paid $62,500 to the staffer following a lawsuit. Steve Pearce Stevan Edward Pearce (born August 24, 1947) is an American businessman and politician. He was the U.S. Representative for from 2011 to 2019. He is a member of the Republican Party. Pearce was the Republican nominee for Governor of New Mexico in the 2018 election. He lost general election to Michelle Lujan Grisham. Drew Edmondson William Andrew Edmondson (born October 12, 1946) is an American lawyer and politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Edmondson was the 16th Attorney General of Oklahoma from 1995 to 2011. In 2010, Edmondson ran and lost for Governor of Oklahoma. He was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Oklahoma in the 2018 gubernatorial election, but lost to Kevin Stitt. Frank Keating Francis Anthony "Frank" Keating II (born February 10, 1944) is an American attorney and politician. He was the 25th governor of Oklahoma from 1995 to 2003. Keating is one of only four governors in Oklahoma history, in addition to George Nigh, Brad Henry and Mary Fallin, to hold consecutive terms and the first Republican to do so. Keating was governor during the Oklahoma City bombing. Bleak House Bleak House is a novel by Charles Dickens, 1852/3. It features the long-running legal case in the Court of Chancery, "Jarndyce and Jarndyce". This novel helped support a judicial reform movement which led to legal reform in the 1870s. Knute Buehler Dr. Knute Carl Buehler (born August 1, 1964) is an American politician. He is in the Oregon House of Representatives, representing District 54 in Bend. Buehler was the Republican nominee for Governor of Oregon in the 2018 election. He lost to incumbent Governor Kate Brown. Scott Wagner Scott R. Wagner (born 1955) is an American businessman and politician. He represented the 28th district in the Pennsylvania State Senate. He was the Republican nominee for Governor of Pennsylvania in the 2018 election, but lost to incumbent Tom Wolf. Allan Fung Allan Wai-Ket Fung (born February 25, 1970) is an American attorney and politician. He was the mayor of Cranston, Rhode Island from 2009 to 2021. He was the Republican nominee for Governor of Rhode Island in the 2014 and 2018 election. He lost the gubernatorial race in Rhode Island during 2014 to Gina Raimondo. In October 2017, Fung announced he would again run for governor in the 2018 election. He lost the general election again to Rainmondo. In February 2022, Fung announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination for the United States House of Representatives in Rhode Island's 2nd congressional district after U.S. Representative James Langevin announced his retirement. James E. Smith Jr. James Emerson Smith Jr. (born September 9, 1967) is an American politician and businessman. He is a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives. Smith is also a combat veteran. He was first elected to the South Carolina House representing the 72nd district in 1996. Smith endorsed Joe Biden in the 2008 United States presidential election. He was the Democratic nominee for Governor of South Carolina in 2018, but lost to incumbent Henry McMaster. Kristi Noem Kristi Lynn Noem (; née Arnold, November 30, 1971) is an American politician. Noem is the 33rd and current Governor of South Dakota since 2019. She was the U.S. Representative for from 2011 to 2019. Noem is a member of the Republican Party. She was the Republican nominee for Governor of South Dakota in the 2018 gubernatorial election and won the election in November 2018 beating Billie Sutton. In August 2013, conservative "Newsmax" magazine named Noem among the "25 most influential women in the GOP". Billie Sutton Billie Harmon Sutton (born March 16, 1984) is an American politician. He is the South Dakota Senate Minority Leader, and 2018 Democratic nominee for Governor of South Dakota. In 2010, Sutton was elected to the South Dakota Senate, representing District 21. In May 2017, Sutton announced his candidacy for Governor of South Dakota in 2018 at his family ranch in Burke, SD. He won the Democratic nomination, but lost the general election in November 2018 to Republican Kristi Noem by 2%. Karl Dean Karl Foster Dean (born September 20, 1955) is an American attorney and politician. He was the sixth mayor of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, Tennessee. He was sworn in on September 21, 2007. In 2017, Dean declared his candidacy for Governor of Tennessee in the 2018 election. In the first three months of the campaign, Dean raised $1.2 million and spent $200,000. He was the Democratic nominee after winning the primaries, but lost to Republican cattle rancher Bill Lee in the general election. Bill Lee Bill Lee (born October 9, 1959) is an American businessman and politician. He is the 50th and current Governor of Tennessee. He was the Republican nominee for Governor of Tennessee in the 2018 election. Lee was the 7th Congressional District’s representative to the Tennessee Higher Education Commission. Lee had no active political positions while running for governor and was a cattle rancher. Mark Gordon (politician) Mark Gordon (born March 14, 1957) is an American politician. On January 7, 2019, he became the 33rd Governor of Wyoming. He was the treasurer of the U.S. state of Wyoming from 2012 to 2019. He is a Republican. Gordon was appointed state treasurer by Governor Matt Mead on October 26, 2012. In 2008, Gordon was an unsuccessful candidate in the Republican primary for the United States House of Representatives for the at-large seat now held by fellow Republican Cynthia Lummis. Gordon ran for Governor in the 2018 election and won the general election. Ron DeSantis Ronald Dion DeSantis (born September 14, 1978) is an American politician and attorney who is the 46th and current Governor of Florida. As a member of the Republican Party, he was previously a U.S. Representative from Florida's 6th congressional district from 2013 to 2018. Early life and education. Ronald Dion DeSantis was born on September 14, 1978 in Jacksonville, Florida to Karen Rogers DeSantis and Ronald D. DeSantis Sr. He is of Italian and English descent and his great great-grandparents migrated to the United States during the early 1900's between the late 1910's. During his childhood he late grew up in Dunedin and Orlando, Florida and he was a member of Little Leauge, as he was a baseball player during his youth for the 1991 Little Leauge World Series in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. DeSantis attended schools and universities such as, Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic School Dunedin High School, Yale University, Delta Kappa Epsilon, Darlington School, and Harvard Law School and later graduated with a Bachelor of Arts and Juris Doctor degree. Military Service (2004–2010). DeSantis volunteered and joined the U.S. Navy and was assigned to the Judge Advocates Generals Corps for the Naval Station Mayport and also worked for the Joint Task Force-Guantanamo, Guantanamo Bay Joint Detention Facility, and Naval Special Warfare Command as a military lieutenant. He was deployed to the Iraq War along with other colleague troops in 2007 and later returned to the United States in 2008. DeSantis served as a naval and military officer from 2004 until his honorable discharge in February 2010. Political career (2013–present). United States Representative from Florida's 6th congressional district (2013–2018) DeSantis previously served as a U.S. Representative for Florida's 6th congressional district and he was the chairman of ten different committee agenda assignments for the 114th United States Congress. He served as a congressman for the state's congressional district for five years from 2013 until 2018. Governor of Florida In January 2018, He officially announced his candidacy for governor to succeed term limited governor Rick Scott and had chosen Florida congresswoman Jeanette Nuñezas his running mate for lieutenant governor. In August 2018, DeSantis won the republican primary in the general election and in November 2018, he defeated Tallahassee mayor and Democratic candidate Andrew Guillim in the gubernatorial race, was officially sworn in as the 46th Governor of Florida on January 8, 2019. DeSantis is currently the youngest governor in the country and is one of the youngest governor's elected in the country as of in the 21st century. In November 2021, DeSantis launched his reelcetion campaign to a second term as governor. On November 8, 2022, He defeated former Florida governor and Democratic candidate Charlie Crist to a second term as governor with Jeanette Nuñez as his running mate in the 2022 election. Marriage, children, and personal life. DeSantis had met Casey Black at Naval Station Mayport in 2009 when he was a naval officer and they got married in September 2010. They have three children together two daughters named Madison and Mamie DeSantis, and a son named Mason DeSantis. DeSantis has a younger sister named Christina Marie DeSantis, but she passed away in May 2015 at the age of 30 in London, United Kingdom. Tebet, South Jakarta Tebet is a subdistrict of South Jakarta, one of the administrative cities which form the Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia. It is home to SMA Negeri 8 in Jakarta. Livingstone (name) Livingstone is a surname and given name. The surname is toponymic. It is one of the habitual surnames eventually adopted by members of the Scottish branch of the Irish Dunleavy (Gaelic language Duinnshléibhe)/MacNulty royals, including the ancestors of the African missionary doctor and African explorer David Livingstone. There may be a relationship between the Livingstones and Clan MacLea. Livingstone (disambiguation) Livingstone is a Scottish surname and a given name. Livingstone may also refer to: Altair Altair, also called α Aquilae, α Aql, is the brightest star in the constellation of Aquila. It is the twelfth brightest star in the night sky. It is in the G-cloud—a fog of gas and dust known as an interstellar cloud. Altair is an A-type main sequence star with an apparent visual magnitude of 0.77. It is one of the vertices of the Summer Triangle (the other two vertices are Deneb and Vega). It is 16.7 light-years (5.13 parsecs) from the Sun and is one of the closest stars visible to the naked eye. Altair spins rapidly, with a velocity at its equator of about 286 km/s. This is a significant fraction of the star's estimated breakup speed of 400 km/s. A study with the Palomar Testbed Interferometer showed that Altair is not spherical, but is flattened at the poles due to its high rate of rotation. Other interferometric studies with multiple telescopes, operating in the infrared, have confirmed this. Naval Air Station Glenview The Naval Air Station Glenview (NASG) was a military air base in Glenview, Illinois. History. The base began as Curtiss Reynolds Wright Airport in 1929. The Curtiss Flying Service bought farmland in the Glenview region and opened the airfield as an alternative to Chicago's Municipal Airport. But the Great Depression, which started just nine days after the airfield was dedicated, reduced the need for another regular airport for Chicago. During the Depression, the main source of income for the airport was air shows. However, in the late 1930s, there were also some commercial routes to and from the airfield. In the 1930s, the airfield was used as a training center for military airmen. In 1937, the U.S. Navy moved to the airbase. ("Although the airport managed to survive . . . the Great Depression, the navy's decision to relocate the Great Lakes aviation program to Glenview likely saved Curtiss Airfield." ) The United States Naval Reserve Aviation Base (NRAB) was the name given to the training unit. On November 1, 1939, the base was notified that the Department of the navy had approved a lease on the airport. When the United States joined World War Two, activity increased at the base. It became a major training base for training pilots water-related flying. This included training for aircraft carrier-based flights. After the war, the base reduced its activities. In 1950, though, marines and naval personnel from the base were called up to fight in the Korean War. Later in the 1950s, and in the later decades, the base hosted various community events such as national model-airplane contests In 1963, the Seabees became based there. In 1971, the base was officially annexed by the village of Glenview. During the Vietnam War, military activity at the base increased. This included serving as the receiving base of wounded personnel who were being taken to Great Lakes Naval Hospital for treatment. In the 1980s, the base population grew. Military units present at the base included the u. S. Coast Guard's search and rescue unit for southern Lake Michigan. In 1991, personnel from NASG took part in Operation Desert Storm. But the end of the base had already been established years before, by the Base Realignment and Closure Commission, in 1988. In 1993, the last NASG air show was performed before 70,000 viewers. In August 1994, the last KC-130 flight out of the airfield left for NAS Carswell, Fort Worth, Texas. After the air station was closed, most of the facilities were torn down, and the area was converted to civilian use, including a prairie nature area, upscale housing, and a shopping district (Glen Town Center)centered around the old Hangar One, which was preserved and incorporated into a shopping mall, in a part of Glenview now called The Glen. The small, associated Navy Park and the rededicated hangar were opened in 2003. The old hangar is on the National Register of Historic Places. Sabirabad (city) Sabirabad (also, Galagayin, Petropavlovka, Petropavlovskoye, and Sabirabad) is a city in and the capital of the Sabirabad Rayon of Azerbaijan. The city was renamed in honor of the poet Mirza Alekper Sabir. Sabirabad - administrative center of Sabirabad District of the Republic of Azerbaijan. In 1935, the district received the status of subordinate city. Sabirabad is located on the right bank of the Kura River. In the vicinity of the city called Sugovushan, the Araz River is merged with the Kur River. Greene County, New York Greene County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2010 census, the population was 49,221. The county seat is Catskill. The county's name is in honor of the American Revolutionary War general Nathanael Greene. Greene County was founded on March 3, 1800. Rosales, Pangasinan Rosales, officially the Municipality of Rosales, (Pangasinan: "Baley na Rosales"; Ilokano: "Ili ti Rosales"; ), is a municipality in the province of Pangasinan, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 63,081 people. Ponte Morandi Ponte Morandi (English: "Morandi Bridge"), or Polcevera viaduct, was a bridge on the A10 motorway in Genoa, Italy. The bridge was one of the major links to France. The bridge was built between 1963 and 1967. It opened on 4 September 1967. On 14 August 2018, a large part of the bridge collapsed. Forty-three people were killed. Eyewitnesses said the bridge was hit by lightning just before it collapsed. Between 30 and 35 cars and three trucks fell from the bridge. I-35W Mississippi River bridge The I-35W Mississippi River bridge was an eight-lane steel arch bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It opened in 1967. It was the third busiest bridge in Minnesota. It carried over 140,000 vehicles daily. On August 1, 2007, during the evening rush hour, a major failure caused the bridge to fall down. The bridge collapse killed 13 people and injured at least 145 more people. The U.S. National Transportation Safety Board said a problem with the design probably caused the bridge to fall. They said a too-thin steel plate ripped along a line of rivets. Also, additional weight at the time due to ongoing rehabilitation construction led to the major failure that caused the bridge to fall into the Mississippi River. It later was replaced with the I-35W Saint Anthony Falls Bridge which opened in September 2008. The new bridge that opened in 2008 carries 10 lanes. OpenWrt OpenWrt is an operating system for network devices, such as wired and wireless routers, firewalls, and switches. OpenWrt can be used to run many routers from different manufacturers. It replaces the original factory firmware. OpenWrt can add enterprise features, such as VPN support, to inexpensive home routers. Grammy Award for Best Rap Album The Grammy Award for Best Rap Album has been awarded since 1996. Grammy Awards of one year are presented for works released between October 1 two years previously and September 30 of the preceding year. Craig David Craig David (born 5 May 1981 in Southampton) is a British pop singer. He rose to fame as the singer on the Artful Dodger's "Rewind" which reached number two in late 1999. In 2000 he had number one hits with "Fill me in" and "7 days". At the end of that year he was named best UK newcomer and best R&B act at the MOBO Awards. His albums "Born to do it" and "Slicker than your average" were released in 2001 and 2002 respectively. David has been nominated for thirteen Brit Awards. He was nominated four times for Best British Male, and twice received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance. Anna Popplewell Anna Katherine Popplewell (born 16 December, 1988) is an English theatre, television and movie actress. She is known for her role as Susan Pevensie in "The Chronicles of Narnia movie series" since 2005, as Chyler Silva in "" since 2012 and Lady Lola in "Reign" from 2013–2016. Greene County, Tennessee Greene County is a county on the eastern border of the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 68,831. The county seat is Greeneville, and the county mayor is David Loy Crum (R). The county is named for Nathanael Greene (1742-1786), a major general in the Continental Army from Rhode Island. Greene County was formed in 1783 from the original Washington County. Robertson County, Tennessee Robertson County is a county on the central northern border of Tennessee in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 66,283. The county seat is Springfield. The county was named for James Robertson, an explorer, founder of Nashville, and a state senator. Robertson County Robertson County is the name of three counties in the United States: Franklin County, Iowa Franklin County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 10,680. The county seat is Hampton. The county was founded on January 15, 1851 and named after Benjamin Franklin, American statesman. Colony, Alabama Colony is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Cordova, Alabama Cordova is a city in the state of Alabama in the United States. It is in Walker County. Leesburg, Alabama Leesburg is a town in Cherokee County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 1,027. Cottonwood, Alabama Cottonwood is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Chemmanam Chacko Chemmanam Chacko (March 7, 1926 – August 14, 2018) was an Indian satirical poet. He was born in Mulakulam, Travancore. Work. Chacko's first published poem was 'Munnottu' (Forward) in 1946. The poem 'Kanakaaksharangal' published in 1967 made him famous. Chemmanam was known for his satire poems inspired from social and political events/issues in India. His 1977 poetry collection "Rajapatha" won the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award. He was honored with the lifetime achievement award for literature by the Kerala Sahitya Akademi in 2006. He won the Mahakavi Pandalam Keralavarma Award for Poetry in 2014. Death. Chacko died on 14 August 2018, aged 92, at his home in Kochi, Kerala from cardiopulmonary arrest complicated by Parkinson's disease. Randy Rampage Randall Desmond Archibald (February 21, 1960 – August 14, 2018), better known by stage name Randy Rampage, was a Canadian metal and punk singer and bass musician. He was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. Rampage was a founding member, bass player and vocalist of the Canadian hardcore band D.O.A., and the lead singer of the thrash metal band Annihilator in 1988–1989 and again from 1998 to 2000. Rampage died on August 14, 2018 at his home in North Vancouver from a heart attack, aged 58. Mike Dunleavy (politician) Mike J. Dunleavy (born May 5, 1961) is an American politician. He is a member of the Republican Party. He is the 12th and current Governor of Alaska serving since December 2018. He was a member of the Alaska Senate from January 15, 2013 until January 8, 2017. In 2017, he announced he would run for Governor of Alaska in 2018, but left the race in September 2017. In December 2017, Dunleavy announced his return to the race for governor. He would go on to defeat Democrat Mark Begich. Personal life. He is married to Rose who is from the Kobuk River Valley community in Noorvik. They have three children together named Maggie, Catherine, and Ceil. All of them were raised in both urban and rural Alaska. Rita Borsellino Rita Borsellino (2 June 1945 – 15 August 2018) was an Italian Sicilian anti-Mafia activist and politician. She was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Democratic Party. She was on the European Parliament from 2009 to 2014. Borsellino was born in Palermo, Italy. On 4 March 2012 she ran in a centre-left open primary for the seat of Mayor of Palermo, but was defeated by independent candidate Fabrizio Ferrandelli. Borsellino died in Palermo on 15 August 2018 from pancreatic cancer at the age of 73. François Garnier François Charles Garnier (7 April 1944 – 15 August 2018) was a French Roman Catholic archbishop. He was born in Beaune, France. Garnier was ordained to the priesthood in 1970. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Luçon, France from 1990 to 1991. He then was the bishop of the diocese from 1991 to 2000. He then was archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cambrai, France, from 2000 unil his death. Garnier died in Cambrai, France on 15 August 2018 from an aortic aneurysm, aged 74. Cambrai Cambrai (; ; ; historically in English Camerick and Camericke) is a commune in the Nord department and in the Hauts-de-France region of France on the Scheldt river, which is known locally as the Escaut river. Cambrai is not very far from several European capitals: Brussels is , Paris is and London is . Albert Millaire Rodolphe Albert Millaire, CC, CQ (January 18, 1935 – August 15, 2018) was a Canadian actor and theatre director. He was known for his roles on stage in "Tartuffe", "Le Misanthrope", "Dom Juan". He also appeared in Canadian sitcoms such as "Heart of Rose" and "Cyrano de Bergerac". Millaire died of prostate cancer in Montreal on August 15, 2018, aged 83. Michael Persinger Michael A. Persinger (June 26, 1945 – August 14, 2018) was an American-born Canadian psychologist. He was a professor at Laurentian University, a position he had held from 1971 until his death in 2018. He was known for his geomagnetic studies on the temporal lobe. He was born in Jacksonville, Florida. Persinger died on August 14, 2018 in Greater Sudbury, Ontario at the age of 73. Yelena Shushunova Yelena Lvovna Shushunova (; name sometimes rendered Elena Shushunova; 23 April 1969 – 16 August 2018) was a Russian World, European, and Olympic championship winning gymnast. Shushunova was one of five women who have won the grand slam of All-Around titles: Olympics, World Championships, European/Continental Championships. She was born in Leningrad. Shushunova died from complications of pneumonia on August 16, 2018 in Saint Petersburg, aged 49. Karin Housley Karin Housley (born January 20, 1964) is an American politician. She is a Republican member of the Minnesota Senate. She represents District 39 since January 8, 2013. In December 2017, Housley announced she would run for the United States Senate seat left empty by Al Franken. In August 2018, she won the Republican nomination for the Senate race. However, she lost to incumbent Tina Smith. Bob Hugin Robert John "Bob" Hugin (born July 23, 1954) is an American businessman and politician. He used to be the executive chair of Celgene, a biopharmaceutical company. Hugin is on the board of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) and was its chairman from April 2013 to April 2014. He is an independent director at The Medicines Co. He is on the boards of many foundations and educational institutions, including the Board of Trustees of Princeton University, the Darden Foundation at UVA, and Family Promise, a national non-profit network assisting homeless families. Hugin was the Republican nominee for U.S. Senate in New Jersey in the 2018 election. He lost in the general election to incumbent Bob Menendez in November 2018. Troy Balderson William Troy Balderson (born January 16, 1962) is an American politician. Balderson is the United States Representative for Ohio's 12th congressional district since September 7, 2018. He is a Republican. He was a member of the Ohio Senate. On July 13, 2011, he became the representative for District 20. Balderson was his party's nominee for the 12th congressional district special election, which was held on August 7, 2018. He narrowly won the election by 2,000 votes. Balderson was born in Zanesville, Ohio. He studied at Muskingum University and at Ohio State University. He served in the Ohio House of Representatives from 2009 to 2011. Benny Andersen Benny Andersen (7 November 1929 – 16 August 2018) was a Danish songwriter, poet, author, composer and pianist. He was known for his works with Povl Dissing. They released an album with Andersen's poems from the collection "Svantes viser". This album and Andersens book "Svantes viser" (Svante's Songs) from 1972, was included by the Danish Ministry of Culture in the Danish Culture Canon in 2006, in the category "Popular music". Andersens "Samlede digte" (Collected poems) have sold more than 100,000 copies in Denmark. Andersen was a member of the Danish Academy (Det Danske Akademi) from 1972 until his death. Andersen died on 16 August 2018 in Vangede at the age of 88. Rush University Medical Center Rush University Medical Center is an academic medical center located in West Side, Chicago, Illinois. It has a patient capacity of 664. It includes hospital facilities for adults and children. It is near the United Center and the University of Illinois at Chicago. The hospital also includes the Johnston R. Bowman Health Center (a 61-bed rehabilitation facility). It is a partner of Rush University. Rush is a not-for-profit health care, education and research center. Rush is the largest non-governmental employer on Chicago's West Side and is the 20th largest private sector employer in Chicago, with more than 8,000 employees and a payroll of more than $500 million. Ronnie Woo Woo Ronnie "Woo Woo" Wickers (born October 31, 1941) is an American entertainer. He was born in the South Side of Chicago. Wickers is known as a longtime Chicago Cubs fan and local celebrity in the Chicago area. He is known to Wrigley Field visitors for his cheers at baseball games, generally with the shouting of "Woo!" (e.g., "Cubs, woo! Cubs, woo! Big-Z, woo! Zambrano, woo! Cubs, woo!") Longtime Cubs announcer Harry Caray called Wickers "Leather Lungs" because he is able to shout for hours at a time. Death Wish (2018 movie) Death Wish is a 2018 American vigilante action thriller movie directed by Eli Roth and written by Joe Carnahan. It is the sixth installment of the "Death Wish" series and a remake of the 1974 movie of the same name starring Charles Bronson. The movie stars Bruce Willis as Paul Kersey, a Chicago doctor who sets out to get revenge on the men who attacked his family. Vincent D'Onofrio, Elisabeth Shue, Dean Norris, Len Cariou and Kimberly Elise also star. The movie was released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on March 2, 2018 with negative reviews. A sequel will be released in 2020. Povl Dissing Povl Dissing (27 January 1938 – 18 July 2022) was a Danish singer, composer, guitarist and harmonica player. He made his album debut with "En aften i folkeklubben" in 1965. He was known for his 1973 album " with poet Benny Andersen. In 2006, "Svantes viser"" was selected for the Danish Culture Canon. Dissing died on 18 July 2022 in Hundested, Denmark from a long-illness at the age of 84. H. D. Deve Gowda Haradanahalli Doddegowda Deve Gowda (born 18 May 1933) is an Indian politician. He was the 11th Prime Minister of India from 1 June 1996 to 21 April 1997. He was the 14th Chief Minister of Karnataka from 1994 to 1996. He was a member of the 16th Lok Sabha, representing the Hassan constituency of Karnataka from 2004 through 2019, and was the National President of the Janata Dal (Secular) party. Nigel Havers Nigel Allan Havers (born 6 November 1951) is an English actor. He was born in London. His most recent movie role was Edward Vanderman II in the 2006 movie "Penelope". Havers was known for his role as Lord Andrew Lindsay in the 1981 British movie "Chariots of Fire" and for the role as Tom Latimer in the British TV comedy series "Don't Wait Up". Havers also played the role of Lewis Archer in "Coronation Street" from 2009 to 2010. He returned to the role in 2012 and left again in February 2013. He will return to the role again in 2018. Bùi Tín Bùi Tín (December 29, 1927 – August 11, 2018) was a Vietnamese dissident and People's Army of Vietnam colonel. He became active during the August Revolution in 1945. He later joined the Việt Minh along with Chairman Hồ Chí Minh and General Võ Nguyên Giáp. During at least one such occasion, he was involved in an interrogation of John McCain. In November 1991, Tín became involved in the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue when he appeared before hearings of the United States Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs in Washington, D.C. Tín died in Montreuil, France on August 11, 2018 from renal failure, aged 90. Kim Yong-chun Kim Yong-chun (4 March 1936 – 16 August 2018) was a North Korean soldier and politician. He was a leader of the North Korean military. He held the North Korean military rank Chasu (Vice Marshal), was Vice Chairman of the National Defense Commission of North Korea, and was Minister of People's Armed Forces. He held a minor post within the Workers Party. Kim died on 16 August 2018 in Pyongyang from a heart attack at the age of 82. Yours Truly (Ariana Grande album) Yours Truly is the debut studio album by American singer and actress Ariana Grande. It was released in September, 2013. "Yours Truly" debuted at number one on the US "Billboard" 200. It sold 138,000 copies in its opening week. Internationally, the album reached the top-ten position in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. It had sold 596,000 copies in the US as of April 2018. Track listing. Notes Dangerous Woman Dangerous Woman is the third studio album by American singer Ariana Grande, released by Republic Records on May 20, 2016. The album features guest appearances from Nicki Minaj, Lil Wayne, Macy Gray and Future. Track listing. Notes Release formats. The European deluxe/limited edition box set includes: The Japanese deluxe edition includes: The Japanese Christmas edition includes: Personnel. Adapted from album liner notes. Vocal credits Technical credits Certifications and sales. ! scope="row" | South Korea (Gaon) Dangerous Woman (song) "Dangerous Woman" is a song recorded by American singer Ariana Grande. It is the lead single for her third studio album of the same name (2016). It was co-written and produced by Johan Carlsson and Ross Golan. The recording was released as the first single from the album on March 11, 2016, the same date of the album's pre-order on iTunes Store. With "Dangerous Woman" debuting at number ten on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, Grande became the first artist to reach the top ten of the chart in the opening charting week with every lead single of her three studio albums. The song was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance. Credits and personnel. Credits adapted from the liner notes of "Dangerous Woman". List of Tom and Jerry video games The animated cat and mouse duo Tom and Jerry 1, have appeared in various video games arcade. Titles of Game System Arcade for SNES. Tom and Jerry have been the feature performers in the following video games: Super NES game. A "Tom and Jerry" video game was released for the Super NES by Hi Tech Expressions in 1992 in the US and by Altron in 1993 in Japan. The player controls Jerry, the mouse, as he traverses through four different themed worlds – a movie theater, a junkyard, a toy store, and a house. Tuffy is playable through second player. Jerry or Tuffy use marbles as weapons. At the end of each world, Jerry goes into a battle with Tom, the cat. "Tom and Jerry: Hunting High and Low". "Tom and Jerry" (also known as "Tom and Jerry: Hunting High and Low" or "Tom and Jerry 2") was released for the Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum in 1989 by Magic Bytes. Phantom smell A phantom smell or olfactory hallucination is smelling an odor that is not actually there. It is also called phantosmia. It can occur in one nostril or both. Phantosmia with unpleasant smells, which is called cacosmia, is more common. It is often described as smelling something that is burned, foul, spoiled, or rotten. Experiencing phantom smells from time to time is normal and usually goes away on its own. When hallucinations of this type do not seem to go away or when they keep coming back, this can be very upsetting and can lower an individual's quality of life. Common medical conditions such as nasal infections, nasal polyps, or dental problems can cause phantom smells. A phantom smell can also result from neurological conditions such as migraines, head injuries, strokes, Parkinson's disease, seizures, or brain tumors. It can also be a symptom of certain mental disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, intoxication or withdrawal from drugs and alcohol, or psychotic disorders. Certain substances in the environment can also cause phantom smells. These include tobacco smoke, certain types of chemicals (e.g., insecticides or solvents), or radiation treatment for head or neck cancer. A physician can determine if the problem is with the sense of smell (olfactory system) or taste (gustatory system), or if it is caused by a neurological or psychiatric disorder. Phantosmia usually goes away on its own. Sometimes this occurs step by step. The process can take several years. When a phantom smell is caused by an illness (e.g., sinusitis), it should go away with theillness. If the problem persists or causes significant discomfort, a doctor might recommend nasal saline drops, antidepressant or anticonvulsant medications, anesthesia to parts of the nose, or in very rare circumstances, surgical procedures to remove the olfactory nerves or bulbs. Overton's 400 The Overton's 400 is an annual Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held at Chicagoland Speedway, it is the 17th race of the season and first of the second half of the season. Race history. In May 2000, as Chicagoland Speedway was under construction, it was announced that the track would hold a NASCAR Winston Cup Series race beginning in the 2001 season. Tropicana served as the race's sponsor from 2001 to 2004, followed by USG Corporation from 2005 to 2007, LifeLock.com from 2008 to 2010, GEICO from 2011 to 2013, Johnson & Johnson's Janssen Pharmaceutica from 2014 to 2015, and Nickelodeon has sponsored the race through the network's "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" series since 2016. Kevin Harvick won the first two runnings of the race in 2001 and 2002, while Tony Stewart has the most wins in the race's history, having won it three times, in 2004, 2007 and 2011. Traditionally run in early to mid July, the race became the opening race of the NASCAR playoffs in 2011, moving the race to mid September in the process. However, due to a schedule realignment in 2018, the race will return to a July race weekend moving forward. Collex-Bossy Collex-Bossy is a municipality of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland. Pregny-Chambésy Pregny-Chambésy is a municipality in the canton of Geneva in Switzerland. It is located directly north of the city of Geneva, on the south-western shore of Lake Geneva. Aire-la-Ville Aire-la-Ville is a municipality of the canton of Geneva in Switzerland. Anières Anières is a municipality of the canton of Geneva in Switzerland. Tannay, Switzerland Tannay is a municipality of the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Tannay Tannay may refer to: Montgomery County, Tennessee Montgomery County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 172,331. The county seat is Clarksville. The county was named for John Montgomery, a soldier in the American Revolutionary War and an early settler who founded the city of Clarksville. Montgomery County was founded in 1836. Montgomery County Montgomery County is the name of several counties in the United States: Montgomery County, Texas Montgomery County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, 455,746 people lived there. The county seat is Conroe. Montgomery County, Illinois Montgomery County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2010 census, it had a population of 30,104. The county seat is Hillsboro. and largest city is Litchfield. Montgomery County was founded in 1821. County Line, Alabama County Line is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Mayton, Alabama Maytown is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Morris, Alabama Morris is a town in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. It is north of the Birmingham suburb of Gardendale. The population as of the 2010 U.S. Census was 1,859, up from 1,827 in 2000. Emblem, Wyoming Emblem (also Germania or Liberty Bench) is an unincorporated community in western Big Horn County, Wyoming, United States. Kananga Kananga, formerly known as Luluabourg or Luluaburg, is a city in south-central Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is the capital city of the Lulua Province. in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and was the capital of the former Kasaï-Occidental Province. The city has an estimated population of 1,463,556. 2019 NASCAR Xfinity Series The 2019 NASCAR Xfinity Series was the 38th season of the NASCAR Xfinity Series, a stock car racing series sanctioned by the NASCAR in the United States. Tyler Reddick won the series. He was also the 2018 champion. Schedule. The schedule, comprising of 33 races, was announced on June 13, 2018. Leonard Boswell Leonard L. Boswell (January 10, 1934 – August 17, 2018) was an American politician. He was the U.S. Representative for from 1997 to 2013. Boswell was a member of the Democratic Party. Boswell lost reelection in 2012 by 4th district incumbent Tom Latham, who decided to run against him after redistricting. Boswell left Congress in January 2013. Boswell was born in Harrison County, Missouri. He studied at Graceland College. Boswell died at a hospital in Des Moines, Iowa from complications of gastrointestinal cancer on August 17, 2018, aged 84. Microanatomy Microanatomy is the study of the smaller parts of anatomy. Histology is the study of tissues and cells. Those who study histology use microscopes to see cells and tissues. Thenmala Thenmala is a town of tourist attraction near Punalur town, Kollam district in Kerala, India. Eco-tourism. Thenmala is the first planned eco-tourism centre in India. The Thenmala Dam is a popular ecotourism centre in Kerala. Thenmala dam is the second largest irrigation project in Kerala. David McReynolds David McReynolds (October 25, 1929 – August 17, 2018) was an American democratic socialist and pacifist activist. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He ran for President of the United States twice in 1980 and in 2000. McReynolds called himself as "a peace movement bureaucrat" during his 40-year career with "Liberation" magazine and the War Resisters League. His political career was set in New York City. He ran for the United States Senate in New York in 2004. In 2015, McReynolds supported U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders for President of the United States and said that Sanders was a "serious candidate". McReynolds died on August 17, 2018 from complications of a fall in New York City, aged 88. Mau district Mau district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India. Mau town is the district headquarters of this district. It is 90km away from Varanasi. The district is surrounded by Ghazipur district on the south, Ballia district in the east, Azamgarh district in the west, and by Gorakhpur and Deoria districts on the north. River Tamasa flows in mau district which is a tributary of saryu river. Mau is specially known for textil Weaver's. Mostly region of up are occupied by farming. Sitla mata mandir is situated at the center of the city 2km from railway station. Mau city is known as Maunath bhanjan. Lana Condor Lana Therese Condor (born May 11, 1997) is a Vietnamese-born American actress and dancer. Condor is known for her roles as Jubilation Lee / Jubilee in the 2016 superhero movie "" and had her first lead role as Lara Jean Covey in the 2018 movie adaptation of "To All the Boys I've Loved Before". She played Koyomi K. in the science fiction movie "" (2018), and Saya Kuroki in the Syfy drama series "Deadly Class". Rosa Salazar Rosa Bianca Salazar (born July 16, 1985) is an American actress. She is known for the NBC series "Parenthood", and the FX anthology series "". Salazar has appeared in the movies ' as Lynn, and ' and ', as Brenda. She stars in the upcoming movie ' (2018) as Alita alongside Christoph Waltz. Cecile Richards Cecile Richards (born July 15, 1957) is an American pro-choice activist. She was the president of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America and president of the Planned Parenthood Action Fund from 2006 to 2018. Richards is the daughter of former Governor of Texas Ann Richards. Jill Janus Jill Janus (September 2, 1975 – August 14, 2018) was an American rock and heavy metal singer. She was born in Los Angeles, California. She was the lead singer of American heavy metal bands Huntress. She also performed with The Starbreakers and Chelsea Girls. On August 14, 2018, Janus killed herself near Portland, Oregon, aged 43. Lakeview, Texas Lakeview is a town in Hall County, Texas, United States. The population was 107 at the 2010 census. Lydia Lydia was an ancient kingdom in Anatolia which occupied the valleys of the Hermus and Cayster rivers. From the middle of the 7th century to the middle of the 6th century the Lydians were the most powerful people in Anatolia. They were said to have been the first makers of gold and silver coins. Croesus (595 BC – c. 546 BC) was a king of Lydia who is said to have reigned for 14 years: from 560 BC until he was defeated by the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 546 BC. Croesus was famous for his great wealth. Sonic All-Stars Racing Transformed Sonic & All Stars Racing Transformed is a video game made by Sumo Digital and published by Sega. The game was only released in North America and Europe. Promises (Calvin Harris and Sam Smith song) "Promises" is a song recorded by Scottish DJ Calvin Harris and English singer Sam Smith. It was released on August 17, 2018, through Columbia and Sony. The two artists wrote the song with Canadian singer-songwriter Jessie Reyez, with Harris producing the song himself. National Institute of Culture The National Institute of Culture of Peru (INC) is a government organization in Peru. It is a part of the Ministry of Education. It is in the Peruvian capital of Lima. Objectives. The institute's objectives are to promote culture. Deatsville, Alabama Deatsville is a town in Elmore County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,154, up from 340 in 2000. Holtville High School is near Deatsville. Lake Sempach Lake Sempach () is a lake in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Its area is about 14.5 km² and its maximum depth is 87 meters. A 50 metre-large island named "Gamma Insel" is east of Sursee. It gives the name to the municipality of Sempach. Béon Béon is the name of two communes in France: Saint-Étienne-du-Bois Saint-Étienne-du-Bois is the name of two communes in France: Saint-Martin-du-Mont Saint-Martin-du-Mont is the name of three communes in France: Brown County Brown County is the name of nine counties in the United States: Bedford County, Tennessee Bedford County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 45,058. The county seat is Shelbyville. Gordon, Alabama Gordon is a town in Houston County, Alabama, United States. It was incorporated in February 1872. It is part of the Dothan Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2010 census the population was 332, down from 408 in 2000. Brown County, Illinois Brown County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of the 2010 census, the population was 6,937. The county seat is Mount Sterling. Siloam Springs State Park is in this county. History. Brown County was founded in 1839. It is named in honor of U.S. General Jacob Brown, who defeated the British at the Battle of Sackett's Harbor in 1813. Anderson County Anderson County is the name of five counties in the United States: Anderson County, Tennessee Anderson County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 75,129. The county seat is Clinton. Collonges Collonges is the name of several places: France. Collonges is the name of several communes in France: Vaudricourt Vaudricourt is the name of two communes in France: Sancourt, Nord Sancourt is a commune. It is in the Nord department in north France. In 2015, 204 people lived in the commune. The coat of arms of Sancourt are blue with a gold lion. Avully Avully is a municipality of the canton of Geneva in Switzerland. Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed Mohamed Abdullahi "Farmajo" Mohamed (, ; born 11 March 1962) is a Somali politician and diplomat. He was the 9th President of Somalia from 2017 to 2022. He was Prime Minister of Somalia from November 2010 until June 2011. Farmaajo has a close relationship with his prime minister Mahdi Gulaid. He lost his re-election in 2022. Kelcyra Këlcyra is a city and a municipality in Gjirokastër County, southern Albania. The population of the former municipality at the 2011 census was 2,651. It gets crossed by the Vjosë and Dëshnicë rivers, which runs along the Trebeshinë-Dhëmbel-Nemërçkë mountain chain, between Trebeshinë and Dhëmbel mountains. The newest member of the team they got is Panajot Kureta a talent with a bright future. Sport. KF Këlcyra is an Albanian football club founded in 1981 and based in the small town of Këlcyrë currently in the Albanian Second Division. Elizabeth Peer Elizabeth Clow Peer (February 3, 1936 − May 26, 1984) was an American journalist. She worked for "Newsweek" from 1958 to 1984. She was a copy girl at a time when opportunities for women were limited. In 1962, Peer was promoted to writer. In 1964, she was sent to Paris as "Newsweek"'s first female correspondent. While in Paris, Peer wanted to report on the Vietnam War. But she was rejected because she was a woman. Peer came back to the United States in 1969 to work in "Newsweek's" Washington, D.C. bureau. In the late 1970s, Peer became "Newsweek's" first female Vietnam War news reporter. Peer was born in East Orange, New Jersey. She committed suicide in New York City at age 48. Peer had first wanted to kill herself due to a broken tailbone. Leanza Cornett Eva Leanza Cornett (June 10, 1971 – October 28, 2020) was an American television personality and beauty pageant title holder. She was Miss Florida 1992 and later Miss America 1993. She was also a stage actress. As Miss America, Cornett was the first beauty queen to adopt AIDS prevention as the theme of her service year. She was earlier National Sweetheart 1991. Cornett was married to Mark Steines from 1995 to 2013. After 17 years, they got divorced. Cornett was born in Big Stone Gap, Virginia. She was later raised in Jacksonville, Florida. Cornett died on October 28, 2020 from a subdural hematoma caused by a fall at a Jacksonville hospital, aged 49. Sarkar (2018 movie) Sarkar is a 2018 Indian Tamil language political action thriller film starring Vijay, Keerthy Suresh and Varalaxmi Sarathkumar in lead roles. The movie is co-written by B.Jeyamohan and AR Murugadoss and directed by AR Murugadoss with music composed by A.R. Rahman with cinematography by Girish Gangadharan, edited by A. Sreekar Prasad and produced by Kalanithi Maran under the banner" Sun Pictures". The movie began production in January 2018, and is scheduled to be released in November 2018, coinciding with Diwali. Production. Following the successful "Thuppakki" and "Kaththi", AR Murugadoss has confirmed to be the director of the 62nd movie of actor Vijay. The project, tentatively titled "Vijay's 62", is slated to enter production once Vijay completes "Mersal" and A R Murugadoss completes "Spyder". With a schedule of 3-month pre-production work, the shooting of the movie was scheduled to commence during January 2018 and also it is said to be a Diwali-2018 release. Girish Gangadharan of "Kali", "Angamaly Diaries" and the recent "Solo" fame has supposedly been roped in to crank the camera-work for the movie. In mid-November 2017, it was reported that actor Yogi Babu is in talks to play a role in the movie and Nayanthara is in talks to be the female lead, also A. R. Rahman is been in talks to compose the music of the movie. A. Sreekar Prasad who has previously edited "Thuppakki" and "Kaththi" has been confirmed as the movie's editor. In early-December 2017, T. Santhanam has been roped in as the art director of the movie, and following this, it was made official that "Sun Pictures" is producing the movie. Before the title was revealed on 21 June 2018, it was referred to by the media as "Thalapathy 62", as it is the 62nd movie starring Vijay who is commonly called "Thalapathy" (commander) by fans. Keerthy Suresh was later signed to play the female lead role and Varalaxmi Sarathkumar was also confirmed, playing a pivotal role. B. Jeyamohan was recruited as writer, and shooting began in January 2018. The team have successfully completed the first and second schedules of the shoot, and were set to begin their third schedule in the US in early August 1st week. Music. The music of the film is composed by A. R. Rahman, and lyricist Vivek penning the songs. The audio was launched on 2 October 2018. References. Notes Channagiri Channagiri is a panchayat town in Davanagere district in the state of Karnataka, India. It is a taluk headquarters in Davanagere district. Ain't The word ain't is a contraction of "is not", "have not", "are not" and "has not" in English vernacular. The development for "ain't" happened independently and at different times. The usage of "ain't" for the forms of "to be not" was established during the 18th century, and "to have not" by the early 19th century. The using of "ain't" is a major subject of controversy English. The word is used by many speakers in oral and informal settings. But its use is often with stigma. "Ain't" is found all across the English-speaking world in many regions and classes. The word is of a nonstandard nature. "Ain't" is used all over the United Kingdom. Its geographical distribution has increased over time. It is also found all over the United States, including in the South, New England, the Mid-Atlantic States, the Appalachia and the Upper Midwest. But "ain't" can also be used in the Great Plains and other Midwestern States. In England, "ain't" is generally considered to be a nonstandard or illiterate usage. That's because it is used by people of a lower socio-economic class and by educated people with an informal manner. "Ain't" is also used in Australia and New Zealand. Periscope A periscope is an optical instrument that is used to watch a scene from cover. The classical design uses a number of mirrors or prisms, and is used in tanks and submarines. Royal Colleges of Surgeons The Royal Colleges of Surgeons are old colleges (a form of corporation) that make rules for surgeons. The first Royal College of Surgeons started in England. Other Royal Colleges of Surgeons are organisations in many present and former members of the Commonwealth of Nations. These organisations are now also responsible for training surgeons and setting their examinations. Membership of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland (MRCS) is a postgraduate diploma for surgeons in the present-day UK and Ireland. This qualification allows a candidate to become a member of one of the four surgical colleges in the UK and Ireland, namely the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, the Royal College of Surgeons of England, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. The MRCS qualification is a multi-part examination including theory and practical assessments. Part A is a 4-hour written examination which was used to assesses the applied basic sciences and principles of surgery in general. Part B is a 5-hour practical examination which assesses elements of day-to-day surgical practice through a series of stations on anatomy, pathology, critical care, clinical procedures and patient evaluation (history taking, clinical examination and communication skills). Candidates must complete both exams before they can apply for higher surgical training. Bachelor of Laws The Bachelor of Laws (; LL.B. or B.L.) is an undergraduate degree in law (or a first professional degree in ldepending on jurisdiction). It is used by a number of countries. Nipple discharge Nipple discharge is fluid that comes out of the nipple of the breast but is not caused by pregnancy or breastfeeding. The discharge can be different colors. It can be thick or thin. Nipple discharge can come from one breast or both. Nipple discharge in men is not normal. Ninety-seven percent of the time, nipple discharge is not cancer. Sometimes discharge from nipples will get better and not need treatment. Most of the time nipple discharge is not cancer. Once in a while it can be a sign of breast cancer. Newborn babies can have nipple discharge. This is because hormones from the mother cause milk to develop in the baby. This kind of discharge goes away in 2 weeks. Here are some of the reasons for nipple discharge: Some medications can cause nipple discharge. These medicines are opioids, oral contraceptives, antihypertensives (methyldopa, reserpine, verapamil), antidepressants and antipsychotics. A woman is more likely to have changes in her breasts as she gets older. Some of these changes can be the cause of nipple discharge. A doctor or nurse will often ask a woman to have a examination. Medical tests can find the reason for the nipple discharge. A mammogram and ultrasound are two tests that a doctor might use. The fluid that comes out of the nipple may be collected and tested. Sometimes nipple discharge is treated with an operation. Even after surgery another operation may be needed. Heal the Living Heal the Living is a 2016 French and Belgian drama movie. It was presented in the Horizons section at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival "Heal the Living" was released in the United States. It was rated R by Motion Picture Association of America. Cast. The movie was rated near 91% by Rotten Tomatoes based on 54 reviews. On the Metacritic, it has an 82/100 rating based on 12 critics, meaning "universal acclaim". "Variety" said the movie was "heart crushing". William Blackstone Sir William Blackstone (10 July 1723 – 14 February 1780) was an English jurist, judge and Tory party politician of the eighteenth century. He is most noted for writing the "Commentaries on the Laws of England". Born into a middle-class family in London, Blackstone was educated at Charterhouse School before matriculating at Pembroke College, Oxford in 1738. After completing a Bachelor of Civil Law degree, he was made a Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford in November 1743. Blackstone was admitted to Middle Temple, and called to the Bar there in 1746. Following a slow start to his career as a barrister, Blackstone became heavily involved in university administration, becoming accountant, treasurer and bursar on 28 November 1746 and Senior Bursar in 1750. On 3 July 1753 he formally gave up his practice as a barrister and started a series of lectures on English law, the first of their kind. The lectures on law were massively successful. They earnt him a total of £453 (£) per year, and led to the publication of "An Analysis of the Laws of England" in 1756. This repeatedly sold out and was used to preface his later works. Blackstone was made the first Vinerian Professor of English Law. He published a very successful second book, titled "A Discourse on the Study of the Law". With his growing fame, Blackstone successfully returned to the bar and maintained a good practice, also securing election as Tory Member of Parliament for the rotten borough of Hindon on 30 March 1761. In November 1765 he published the first of four volumes of "Commentaries on the Laws of England", his most important work. When completed, the work earned Blackstone £14,000 (£ in terms). After some failures, he got appointed to the judiciary as a judge until his death, on 14 February 1780. Saint-Jean-le-Vieux Saint-Jean-le-Vieux is the name of three communes in France: Greene County, North Carolina Greene County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 21,362. Its county seat is Snow Hill. Greene County, Pennsylvania Greene County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 38,686. The county seat is Waynesburg. Greene County was created on February 9, 1796, from part of Washington County and named for General Nathanael Greene. Adair County, Iowa Adair County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 7,682. The county seat is Greenfield. Adair County Adair County is the name of four counties in the United States: Adair County, Missouri Adair County is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 25,607. The county seat is Kirksville. The county was founded on January 29, 1841, and named for Governor John Adair of Kentucky. Falkville, Alabama Falkville is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Frasne Frasne () is a commune of 1,965 people (2015). It is found in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. Kirkland, Washington Kirkland is a city in King County, Washington, United States. It is a suburb of Seattle. Its population was 88,630 in a 2017 census estimate. It is on the coast of Lake Washington. History. The land around Lake Washington was first settled by Native Americans. English settlers arrived in the late 1860s. More families settled the area in the 1870s. By the end of the 1880s, there were a small number of communities that logged, farmed and built boats. In 1886, Peter Kirk, a businessman, wanted to start a steel mill in Washington near the water. Leigh S. J. Hunt, a newspaper owner, said that he would be Kirk's partner. They bought land in July 1888. They started building a steel mill shortly afterwards. Kirk started the city of Kirkland in 1888. The steel mill was completed in late 1892. The mill later closed because of financial problems. It had not made any steel. Kirkland was finally incorporated in 1905. Its population was approximately 532. In the early 1900s, the Curtis family had a business that made boats. In later years, wool milling and warship building were the major industries. Annexations. Kirkland has consolidated with other towns and annexed land many times. The area of Kirkland is now approximately 12 times its area when it was incorporated in 1905. Landmarks. The city of Kirkland has said that three buildings are city landmarks. Geography and climate. Kirkland is located at (47.685821, -122.191729). Lake Washington is west of the city. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of . of this is land and is water. Demographics. 2010 census. As of the census of 2010, there were 48,787 people living in the city. Racially, the city was 79.3% White, 1.8% African American, 0.4% Native American, 11.3% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 2.5% from other races, and 4.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.3% of the population. Government and politics. Kirkland has a council-manager form of government; there are seven council members. The city council selects one of their members to be the mayor from among its members. The mayor is Amy Walen and the city manager is Kurt Triplett. Sports. Kirkland was the original home of the Seattle Seahawks. Now, this team is based in Seattle. Sister city. Kirkland has one sister city. It is Emmerich, Germany. Pope Hormisdas Pope Hormisdas (c. 450 – 6 August 523) was Pope from 20 July 514 to 523. He was preceded by Pope Symmachus and succeeded by John I. He was born in Frosinone, Campagna di Roma, Italy. Powell A. Moore Powell Allen Moore (January 5, 1938 – August 13, 2018) was an American politician and public servant. He was an official in the United States Department of State and the United States Department of Defense. He was born in Milledgeville, Georgia. Moore was Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs from February 8, 1982 to August 5, 1983 during the Ronald Reagan administration. He was Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs from May 4, 2001 until December 2004 during the George W. Bush administration. In 2006, President Bush nominated him to be the Representative to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Moore left government service in 2009 and worked at a law firm. Moore died in Washington, D.C. on August 13, 2018 at the age of 80. Milledgeville, Georgia Milledgeville is a city in and the county seat of Baldwin County in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is northeast of Macon and bordered on the east by the Oconee River. The population of the town of Milledgeville was 17,715 at the 2010 census. Nabil Elaraby Nabil Elaraby (Arabic: نبيل العربي; born 15 March 1935) is an Egyptian diplomat. He was Secretary-General of the Arab League from 1 July 2011 to 3 July 2016. He was Foreign Affairs Minister of Egypt in Essam Sharaf's government from March to June 2011. Since December 2008 he is the Director of the Regional Cairo Centre for International Commercial Arbitration. Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam () (1893–1976), also known as Azzam Pasha, was an Egyptian diplomat and politician. He was the first Secretary General of the Arab League, from 22 March 1945 to September 1952. Abdul Khalek Hassouna Mohammed Abdul Khalek Hassouna () (October 28, 1898 – January 20, 1992) was an Egyptian diplomat. He is the second Secretary-General of the Arab League from 1952 to 1972. Mahmoud Riad Mahmoud Riad () (January 8, 1917 – January 25, 1992) was an Egyptian diplomat. He was Egyptian ambassador to United Nations from 1962 to 1964, Egyptian Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1964 to 1972, and Secretary-General of the League of Arab States from 1972 to 1979. Chedli Klibi Chedli Klibi (الشاذلي القليبي), (September 6, 1925 – May 13, 2020) was a Tunisian politician. He was Secretary General of the Arab League from March 1979 to September 1990. He was the only non-Egyptian to become Secretary-General. Klibi became the Tunisian Minister of Cultural Affairs (1961 - 1970, 1971 - 1973, 1976 - 1978) under the chairmanship of Habib Bourguiba, then chief of staff to the president from 1974 to 1976 before being Minister of Information from 1978 to 1979. He also was mayor of Carthage from 1963 to 1990. Klibi died in Tunis on May 13, 2020, aged 94. Ahmed Asmat Abdel-Meguid Ahmed Asmat Abdel-Meguid (‎; 22 March 1923 – 21 December 2013) was an Egyptian diplomat. He was the Foreign Minister of Egypt between 1984 and 1991, and as the Secretary-General of the Arab League from 1991 until 2001. He died in Cairo on 21 December 2013, at the age of 90. Amr Moussa Amr Moussa (, , Amr Muhammad Moussa; born 3 October 1936) is an Egyptian politician and diplomat. He was the Secretary-General of the Arab League from 1 June 2001 to 1 June 2011. Moussa worked in the government of Egypt as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1991 to 2001. On 8 September 2013, he was elected president of the committee of 50 that will amend the Egyptian constitution. Kingdom of Egypt The Kingdom of Egypt ( "", "the Egyptian Kingdom") was the "de jure" independent Egyptian state created under the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in 1922. The kingdom was created after the Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence by the United Kingdom. Until the Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936, the Kingdom was only somewhat independent, since the British had control of foreign relations, communications, the military and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Between 1936 and 1952, the British continued to have military presence and political advisers, at a reduced level. The kingdom was known for corruption. This led to the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 by the Free Officers Movement. In 1953 the monarchy was formally abolished and the Republic of Egypt was established. The legal status of Sudan was only resolved in 1954, when Egypt and Britain agreed that it should be granted independence in 1956. Ahmed Aboul Gheit Ahmed Aboul Gheit (, also: Abu al-Ghayt, Abu El Gheyt, etc.) (born 12 June 1942) is an Egyptian diplomat. He is the 8th and current Secretary-General of the Arab League since July 2016. Career. Aboul-Gheit was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Egypt from 11 July 2004 to 6 March 2011. He was Egypt's Permanent Representative to the United Nations. Ronnie Moore (speedway rider) Ronald Leslie Moore (8 March 1933 – 18 August 2018) was an Australian-born New Zealand international speedway rider. He won the Individual World Speedway Championship twice, in 1954 and 1959. Moore was born in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. He died on 18 August 2018 from lung cancer at age 85. Barry Briggs Barry Briggs MBE (born 30 December 1934) is a former Speedway rider. He was born in Christchurch, New Zealand. He won the World Individual Championship title four times – in 1957, 1958, 1964 and 1966. He appeared in a record 17 consecutive World Individual finals (1954–70). Briggs retired from British league racing in 1972 after an accident, but returned in 1974, then announcing in 1975 that this would be his last season yet retired in 1976. In 1973 Briggs was awarded an MBE for his services to sport and in 1990 he was added into the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame. The Ed Sullivan Show The Ed Sullivan Show was an American television variety show that ran on CBS from June 20, 1948, to June 6, 1971, and was hosted by New York entertainment columnist Ed Sullivan. It was replaced in September 1971 by the "CBS Sunday Night Movie". In 2002, "The Ed Sullivan Show" was ranked #15 on "TV Guide"s 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. Rotten borough A rotten borough, was a type of parliamentary borough in the UK, before the Reform Act 1832. It had a very small electorate and could be used by its "owner" or patron to get a seat in Parliament in the House of Commons without any opposition. The same terms were used for similar boroughs in the 18th-century Parliament of Ireland. Old Sarum in Wiltshire (pictured) was the most notorious pocket borough. It was owned by the Pitt family from the mid-17th century until 1802. One of its Members of Parliament was Prime Minister William Pitt the Elder. In 1802 the Pitt family sold it for £60,000, much more than the land itself was worth. An even more striking example was Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk, who controlled eleven boroughs. The Reform Act of 1832 put an end to this sort of thing. Jack Costanzo Jack Costanzo (September 24, 1919 – August 18, 2018) was an American percussionist, dancer, composer, bandleader and actor. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. Costanzo was known for his works with Marlon Brando, Rita Moreno and for his appearances on "The Ed Sullivan Show". Costanzo formed his own band in the 1950s which recorded and toured internationally. Costanzo died of complications from an aneurysm at his home in Lakeside, California on August 18, 2018, aged 98. Lakeside, California Lakeside is a census designated place (CDP) in San Diego County, California. The population was 20,648 at the 2010 census, up from 19,560 as of the 2000 census. It is located near San Diego, California. Peter Tapsell (British politician) Sir Peter Hannay Bailey Tapsell (1 February 1930 – 18 August 2018) was a British Conservative Party politician and Member of Parliament (MP) for Louth and Horncastle. He was born in Hove, Sussex, England. Tapsell was in the House of Commons from 1966 until 2015 and was also an MP from 1959 to 1964. He was Father of the House between 2010 and 2015. Tapsell died on 18 August 2018, age 88. Bazlur Rahman Badal Bazlur Rahman Badal (1921/1922 – 19 August 2018) was a Bangladeshi dancer. He was awarded Shilpakala Padak in 2014 and Independence Day Award in 2017. He was known for his dances inspired from the poem "Bidrohi" of Kazi Nazrul Islam. Badal died on 19 August 2018 in Rajshahi, Bangladesh of pneumonia complicated from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at the age of 95. Pope Symmachus Pope Symmachus was pope from 498 to 514 and succeeded by Pope Hormisdas. Symmachus is Born in Sardinia, Vandal Kingdom. His birth date is unknown. He died in 514 and he is Saint of the Catholic Church. His Feast day is on July 19. Rafael Calventi Rafael Calventi Gaviño (18 March 1932 - 19 August 2018) was a Dominican architect and diplomat. He was born in La Vega, Dominica. In 1996 he joined the Dominican diplomatic corps and was the ambassador to Italy, Mexico, Argentina and Germany. Calventi was deputy Director of the Office of the National District of Urban Planning and Design Chief of the Directorate of Buildings in the Ministry of Public Works and Communications of the Dominican Republic (SEOPEC). Calventi was the first director of the Dominican School of Architecture, between 1966 and 1968. There he was a professor of Architectural Composition and Theory of Architecture. He was also one of the founders of the Technological Institute of Santo Domingo (INTEC) in the 1972. Calventi died in Berlin on 19 August 2018 from a heart attack, aged 86. Seymour Hersh Seymour Myron "Sy" Hersh (born April 8, 1937) is an American journalist and political writer. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He is a longtime contributor to "The New Yorker" and has also written for the "London Review of Books" since 2013. He won the 1970 Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting. During the 1970s, Hersh covered Watergate for "The New York Times". In 2004, he received the George Orwell Award. Filippo Grandi Filippo Grandi (born 1957) is an Italian diplomat. Between 2010 and 2014, he was Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). On November 11, 2015, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon announced his plans to appoint Grandi as the next United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to take office in 2016. Jean-Pierre Hocké Jean-Pierre Hocké (born 31 March 1938, deceased 28 July 2021) is a Swiss International Red Cross staff member and United Nations official. He was born in Lausanne. He was the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1986 to 1989. He was nominated by Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar. Prior to that function he was Director of Operations of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) from 1973 to 1985 . During his term of office, the crisis over refugees from Indochina, the so-called boatpeople, continued. The Comprehensive Plan of Action for Refugees from Indochina was developed during this period. It created procedural plans for a regional refugee status and the promotion of return to Vietnam for Vietnamese boat people not qualifying for refugee status He also helped plan out a peace process in Central America called the "CIREFCA Process". At the end of his term, a scandal broke revealing that Hocké spent between $32,000 and $96,000 a year from Denmark's contribution on his entertainment and travel without informing the Danish Government or asking its permission. He resigned in 1989 under pressure from the scandal. The resignation came after Secretary-General de Cuellar Hocké that he could not remain in the post. Poul Hartling Poul Hartling (14 August 1914 – 30 April 2000) was a Danish diplomat and politician. He was born in Copenhagen. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He was the 22nd Prime Minister of Denmark from 1973 to 1975. He was also the 5th United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1978 to 1985. In 1981 Hartling accepted the Nobel Peace Prize on behalf of the UNHCR. Hartling died on 30 April 2000 in Copenhagen at the age of 85. Tansen Tansen (c. 1500 – 26 April 1586), also known to as Tan Sen or Ramtanu, was a well known person of North Indian (Hindustani) classical music. He was born in a Hindu family in the historic city of Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh (The city known for its rich music heritage). He learned and perfected and mastered his art in the Gwalior region of modern Madhya Pradesh under Swami Haridas. Tansen was the title given to him by Raja Vikramjit of Gwalior. He rose to fame and spent most of his adult life in the court and patronage of the Hindu king of Bandhavgarh (Rewa), Raja Ramchandra Singh (r.1555–1592). He became famous for his musical abilities and studies. Mughal Emperor Akbar sent messengers to Raja Ramchandra Singh , requesting Tansen to join the musicians at the Mughal court. In 1562, about the age of 60, the Vaishnava musician Tansen joined the Akbar court. Tansen was a composer, musician and vocalist. He has been attributed for large number of compositions in northern regions of the Indian subcontinent. He was also an instrumentalist who made musical instruments better and popular. Akbar considered him as a Navaratnas (nine jewels). He gave him the title Mian in his honor, meaning learned man. There are many legends about Tansen in Akbar court historian accounts and "gharana" literature. One of them says that he could bring down the rains with Raga Megh Malhar. It is also said that he could light lamps by performing Raga Deepak. Other legends talk about his ability to communicate with animals through his music. Once, a white elephant was captured, but it was wild and could not be controlled. Finally, Tansen sang to the elephant who calmed down and the emperor was able to ride him. Sadruddin Aga Khan Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan, KBE, KCSS (, , 1933 – 2003) was an Iranian prince and diplomat. He was the son of Aga Khan III. Khan was known as the 4th United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1966 to 1977. He helped shift the focus beyond Europe and prepared it for fix and aide hard refugee issues. He was a strong supporter that the United Nations should work alone. Khan died of cancer on 12 May 2003 in Boston, Massachusetts at the age of 70. Prime Minister of the Netherlands The Prime Minister of the Netherlands () is the head of the executive branch of the Government of the Netherlands. They are also the head of the Council of Ministers. The Prime Minister is "de facto" the head of government of the Netherlands and creates its policy with his cabinet. The current Dutch Prime Minister is Mark Rutte, in office since 2010. Living former Prime Ministers. The most recent former Prime Minister to die was Wim Kok who served 1994–2002 and died on 20 October 2018 at the age of 80 years Félix Schnyder Félix Schnyder (5 March 1910 – 8 November 1992) was a Swiss lawyer and diplomat. He was Chairman of UNICEF in 1960 and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1960 to 1965. Auguste R. Lindt August R. Lindt (5 August 1905 – 14 April 2000), also known as Auguste R. Lindt, was a Swiss lawyer and diplomat. He was Chairman of UNICEF from 1953 to 1954 and as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1956 to 1960. He was an adviser to the President of Rwanda from 1973 to 1975. Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart (19 March 1901 – 8 July 1956) was a Dutch politician and diplomat. He was the first United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1951 to 1956. Jimmy McIlroy James McIlroy MBE (25 October 1931 – 20 August 2018) was a Northern Irish footballer. He was born in Lambeg, County Antrim, Northern Ireland. He made his international debut in 1951. McIlroy played for Glentoran, Burnley, Stoke City and Oldham Athletic. He was thought of as one of the Burnley Football Club's greatest players. He played 497 matches and scoring 131 goals. He managed Oldham Athletic and Bolton Wanderers. McIlroy died on 20 August 2018 at the age of 86. Mulbagal Mulbagal or Mulabagilu is a town and taluk headquarters of Mulbagal taluk in the Kolar district in the state of Karnataka, India. It lies just off the National Highway 4 as the easternmost town of the state and a hill landmark. History. One legend describes how the Hanumantha temple here was installed by Arjuna, one of the Pandavas, after the Mahabharata war. Sage Vasishta is believed to have installed the idols of the main deity Srinivasa, Padmavati and Rama-Sita-Lakshmana. The history of Mulbagal was compiled by Benjamin Lewis Rice, in his book "The Gazetteer of Mysore" (1887). In modern history, Mulbagal is mentioned as the site of the Battle of Mulbagal on 4 October 1768, during the First Anglo-Mysore War. The name of the town “Mulbagal” comes from the Kannada word “Mudala Bagilu” which means the eastern door. First place in Karnataka where the sun rises. This town is located at the easternmost end of the Vijayanagara Empire. Many temples constructed by Vijayanagara rulers and Chola kings are seen here. Geography. Mulbagal is at . It has an average elevation of 827 metres (2,713 feet). Economy. The major sources of employment are in the agriculture, dairy, sericulture, floriculture and tourism-related industries. Farmers in Mulbagal are completely dependent upon borewell water for irrigation and drinking. Mulbagal is home to several famous temples, and is popularly known as the land of "Temple Places." Many transport and travel businesses set up their base here. Mulbagal has many sericuluture and vegetable trading markets, including potatoes, tomatoes (in Vadahalli), brinjal, beans, beetroot, carrots, chow-chow and cabbage. The state government of Karnataka acquired non-agriculture land for industrial development activities as part of an initial step the government proposed for a granite industries hub at Mulbagal taluk. Mulbagal is known for tobacco beedis. Many brands of beedis are produced and distributed to Karanataka and Andhra Pradesh. The Muslim community is largely engaged in this business. Infrastructure. Mulbagal is on NH-4, a newly-laid four-lane road from Bengaluru to Mulbagal Kolar district, with a total length of around 110 km. About 354 km of major roads connect other locations to this area. Indian Railways connectivity: Now, Mulbagal is getting a railway line and station under the project of Kadapa - Bangalore (Till Kolar) new railway line. A pool of human resources is available as many polytechnic, vocational training (ITI), teacher training intuitions, and graduation (science, agriculture, commerce and arts) colleges are located near Mulbagal. Many IT and technical people who work in Bengaluru travel daily from Mulbagal to Bengaluru["citation needed"] Adequate natural resources include granite and other types of rocks. The cost of living is less, and salary and wages are flexible. Tourist attractions. There are many hills for trekking. "Kshetra Palaka Sri Anjaneya Temple" Anjaneya Swamy Temple is in Mulbagal. Tired after epic war, Arjuna went on a pilgrimage and brought his flag used during war consisting of an image of Vayu Putra. He established this temple in Mulbagal, which was then called Shathaka Vatipuri. "Sripadarajamutt and Narasimha Thirtha" The Narasimha tirtha is about 2 km from the town of Mulbagal towards the east on NH-4. It is the sacred place where Sri Sreepadaraaja Swamiji, or simply Sripadaraja a disciple of Saint Madhwacharya lived and had his "vrindavan" (sacred resting place for Hindu sages) made. It is now the headquarters of the Sripadarajamutt that he founded. There is a Swayamvyakta Yoga Narasimha temple near the "vrindavan". "Someshwara Temple" Apart from the famous Hanuman 9Temple, this town has a Poorna Prasidda Someshwara Temple dedicated to Lord Shiva. The childless couples pray here for a child by making pradhakshinas. "Baba Hyder Vali of Mulbagal" Mulbagal is also sacred for Muslims as the dargah or mausoleum of Sufi Saint Baba Hyder Vali of Mulbagal. Baba Hyder Vali of Mulbagal or Syed Shah Baba Hyder Auliya Hussaini Suharwardi was a 12th-century Sufi saint of Suharwardi order. He was the disciple of Tabr-e-Aalam Baadshah Nathar Vali, of Tirchy. Both Muslims and Hindus worship at the dargah. Urs of Baba Hyder-e-Safdar is celebrated every year on 11th of Rajab (according to the lunar calendar). "Virupakshi Swamy Temple" Sri Virupakshi Swamy Temple is in Virupakshi village about 4 km from Mulbagal. This temple was built in the 13th century by Vijayanagara rulers and resembles the Virupaksheshwara Temple in Hampi. One family has been doing the pooja here since the temple was constructed, and dates back about eight generations. The mythology tells that the Virupaskha ling was installed by great sage Atri Maharshi, father of Shriguru Dattatreya. The linga changes its color in 3 ways from sunrise to sunset. The temple complex also has goddess Bagulamukhi or Bagalamukhi devi temple. As per tantra, Bagulamukhi is one of the devi's of Dashamahavidya. She is keeper of Brahmaastra. One of the most powerful goddesses and its rare to find temple of such. It is believed that King Vikramaaditya built the Bagulamukhi temple at Virupakshi. "Venugopala swamy temple, Gujjanahalli" Located 14 km far from Mulbagal, it is on the way to Srinivasapura. There is an ancient temple of "venugopala swamy"' built in Chola style temple. Pilgrims can visit this temple. "Garuda Temple and Sri Prasanna Chowdeshwari Temple, Koladevi" Garuda Temple is one of the ancient epic Ramayana-related temples located at Koladevi 18 km from Mulbagal national highway, 19 km from Srinivaspur and 4 km from Mudianur. It was built under the supervision of Sri Ramanujacharya, but only came to light recently. Sri Prasanna Chowdeshwari Temple is 300 years old. "Kurudumale, Maha Ganapathi Temple and Someshwara Temple" Kurudumale, 8 km northwest from Mulbagal, is famous for Lord Ganapati Temple. The idol of Ganapati is made of a single "Shaligram rock" and is about 21 feet from ground level. The idol and temple are estimated to be 5,000 years old. "Sri Varadaraja Swamy Temple," "Uttanur" The great Saint Brugu Maharshi have built a Sri Varadaraja Swamy temple in Uttanur or Uthanur. The Uttanur is a called as a Uttama Kanchi. Every year in the day of Bharatha Hunime the Rathothsava will happening. It is importanat place for Saints for doing Japa Thapas. The Gangas build the "Sri Uttameshwara Temple" in Uttanur. "Chowdeswaramma Temple, Mandikal" Mandikal Chowdeswaramma temple is at least 1509 years old and popular for miracles, situated at a distance of 8 miles. Recently this temple has been renovated by devotees of nearing villages like, Mandikal, Koladevi, Gollahalli Harapanakana halli. Chowdeswaramma Dandakamu is famous chanting and one of ancient master piece of describing brave characters of mother Chamundi. "Avani" Known as the Gaya of the south, Avani has a cluster of Ramalingeshwara temple all within one courtyard dedicated to Lakshmana, Bharata and Shatrugna as well as a Shankar Math built by the Nolamba dynasty. Legend has it, that the hill above was home to Valmiki’s ashram, where Lava & Kusha were born and raised. GUNIGANTIPALYA. Ranaberamma temple gunugantipalya, Gangamma temple gunigantipalya circle Reggie Joiner Reggie Joiner (born August 20, 1960), is the CEO and founder of Orange, a division of The reThink Group, Inc. He is also one of the founders of North Point Community Church, where he served as the executive director of Family Ministry for 11 years. Personal life. Joiner lives in Cumming, Georgia, he's a leftist that lives with his wife Debbie, where they raised four children into adulthood: Reggie Paul, Hannah, Sarah, and Rebekah. SS Eastland The SS "Eastland" was a passenger ship based in Chicago and used for tours on the Chicago River. On July 24, 1915, the ship rolled over onto her side while tied to a dock in the Chicago River. A total of 844 passengers and crew were killed in what was the largest loss of life from a single shipwreck on the Great Lakes. After the disaster, "Eastland" was saved and sold to the United States Navy. After restorations and modifications, "Eastland" was designated a gunboat and renamed USS "Wilmette". She was used primarily as a training vessel on the Great Lakes, and was scrapped after World War II. Gia Carangi Gia Carangi (January 29, 1960 – November 18, 1986) was an American fashion model during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Many people believe she was the first supermodel. Modeling career. Carangi was on the cover of fashion magazines, including many editions of "Vogue" and "Cosmopolitan", and appeared in advertising campaigns for such fashion houses as Armani, Christian Dior, Versace, and Yves Saint Laurent. Illness and death. Carangi, a heroin addict, died of AIDS-related complications at the age of 26. She was one of the first famous women to die of the disease. Louis Jolliet Louis Jolliet (September 21, 1645last seen May 1700) was a French-Canadian explorer. He was known for his discoveries in North America. Jolliet and Jesuit Father Jacques Marquette, a Catholic priest and missionary, were the first non-Natives to explore and map the Mississippi River in 1673. This journey would lead them to present-day Chicago River and discovered an area near a portage which would later be known as Chicago. Washington County Washington County is the name of several counties in the United States: Chicago Portage The Chicago Portage is a water gap, and in the past, it was sometimes a wind-gap portage, connecting the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes. The Chicago Portage cuts through the Valparaiso Moraine, crossing the Saint Lawrence River Divide. The saddle point of the gap is within the city of Chicago, and the Chicago Portage is a reason Chicago exists and has developed to become very important city that it is. The official flag of the city of Chicago includes four red stars which represents city history, separating two blue stripes symbolizing the waters that meet at the city. Jacques Marquette Father Jacques Marquette S.J. (June 1, 1637 – May 18, 1675), sometimes known as Père Marquette or James Marquette, was a French Jesuit missionary. He founded Michigan's first European settlement, Sault Ste. Marie, and later founded St. Ignace, Michigan. In 1673 Father Marquette and Louis Jolliet were the first Europeans to explore and map the northern portion of the Mississippi River Valley. Washington County, North Carolina Washington County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 13,228. Its county seat is Plymouth. The county was formed in 1799 from the western third of Tyrrell County. It was named for George Washington, the first President of the United States. Chicago Harbor Chicago Harbor is made up of the public rivers, canals, and lakes within the territorial limits of Chicago. It connects all slips, basins, piers, breakwaters, and structures with a distance of three miles from the shore between the extended north and south lines of the city. The greater Chicago Harbor includes portions of the Chicago River, the Calumet River, the Ogden Canal, the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Lake Calumet, and Lake Michigan. Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal The Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, known as the Chicago Drainage Canal, is a canal system that connects the Chicago River to the Des Plaines River. It reverses the direction of the Main Stem and the South Branch of the Chicago River, which now flows out of Lake Michigan rather than into it. It provides the only navigation for ships between the Great Lakes Waterway and the Mississippi River system. The Canal was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 20, 2011. Haymarket affair The Haymarket affair (also known as the Haymarket massacre or Haymarket riot) was the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor protest on May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago. It began as a peaceful rally in support of workers striking for an eight-hour day and in reaction to the killing of several workers by the police. An unknown person (there are theories that it was a police agitator trying to cause an incident however this is unconfirmed and probably incorrect) threw a dynamite bomb at police. The bomb blast and gunfire resulted in the deaths of seven police officers and at least four civilians; dozens of others were wounded. Eight anarchists were convicted of conspiracy. The evidence was that one of the defendants may have built the bomb, but none of those on trial had thrown it. The Haymarket Affair is thought to be an important reason of International Labor Day or May Day for workers. The site of the incident was designated a Chicago Landmark in 1992, and a public sculpture was dedicated there in 2004. Chicago Landmark Chicago Landmark is a designation of the Mayor of Chicago and the Chicago City Council for historic buildings and other sites in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Sites are selected after meeting many criteria, such as historical, economic, architectural, artistic, cultural, and social importance. Once a site is designated as a landmark, it is subject to the Chicago Landmarks Ordinance, which requires that any alterations must be done with a permit reviewed by the Landmarks Commission. Many Chicago Landmarks are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places, providing federal tax support for preservation, and some are further designated National Historic Landmarks having more Federal protection. Washington County, Arkansas Washington County is a county in the northwest part of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 203,065, making it the third-most populous county in Arkansas. The county seat is Fayetteville. It is Arkansas's 17th county, founded on October 17, 1828, and named for George Washington, the first President of the United States. Creola, Alabama Creola is a city in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. The population was 1,926 as of the 2010 census. This was down from 2,002 at the 2000 census, at which time it was still a town. It is included in the Mobile metropolitan statistical area. It was incorporated in 1978. Union Stock Yards The Union Stock Yard & Transit Co., or The Yards, was the meatpacking district in present-day New City, Chicago. The yards were opened in 1865. Vanderbilt money sponsored the yards. It was active for for 106 years. The yards inspired Upton Sinclair to write his book "The Jungle". The stockyards became the important point of the rise of some of the earliest international companies. The stockyards have become an impotant part of the popular culture of Chicago's history. From the Civil War until the 1920s and peaking in 1924, more meat was processed in Chicago than in any other place in the world. The Yards closed on July 30, 1971, after several decades of decline during the decentralization of the meatpacking industry. It was designated a Chicago Landmark on February 24, 1972, and a National Historic Landmark on May 29, 1981. Chicago Air & Water Show The Chicago Air & Water Show is an annual air show held on the shore of Lake Michigan in Chicago, Illinois. The show has been held each year since 1959 and is Chicago's second most popular festival (behind Lollapalooza). In 2005, 2,200,000 watched the Chicago Air and Water Show. The Chicago Air and Water Show is presented by the City of Chicago and is the largest free show of its kind in the United States. Lancaster, California Lancaster is a city in northern Los Angeles County, in the Antelope Valley of the western Mojave Desert in Southern California. As of 2013, Lancaster was the 31st largest city by population in California. Magnificent Mile Lights Festival The Magnificent Mile Lights Festival is an annual event celebrated in Chicago on the Saturday before Thanksgiving. About one million lights on 200 trees brighten the city’s Michigan Avenue, also known as the Magnificent Mile. It also features notable Disney characters. The festival is hosted by The Magnificent Mile Association. It is considered one of the largest Christmas holiday celebrations in the country. In 1992, Walt Disney, the company, officially became part of the Lights Festival, turning the event into a major tourist attraction. Fontana, California Fontana () is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. St. Ignace, Michigan Saint Ignace, usually written as St. Ignace, is a city at the southern tip of the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan, on the northern side of the Straits of Mackinac. The population was 2,452 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Mackinac County. Ludington, Michigan Ludington is a city in the state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 8,076. It is the county seat of Mason County. Visalia, California Visalia ( ) is a city in the agricultural San Joaquin Valley of California. The city is the county seat of Tulare County. Visalia is about southeast of San Francisco, north of Los Angeles, west of Sequoia National Park and south of Fresno. The population was 130,104 at the 2015 census. Joe Messina Joe Messina (December 13, 1928 – April 4, 2022) was an American guitarist. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He was called the "white brother with soul". Messina was one of the most famous guitarists in Motown Records' in-house studio band, the Funk Brothers. He is known for being a member of The Funk Brothers. Messina was the creator of an alternative music technique known as "The Interval Study Method", which uses the chromatic and diatonic scales to create music. Messina worked with performers such as Diana Ross & the Supremes, The Temptations, Marvin Gaye, The Four Tops, Stevie Wonder, and Smokey Robinson & the Miracles. Among Messina's most notable performances are his turns on hits such as "Dancing in the Street" (Martha & the Vandellas, 1964), "I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie, Honey Bunch)" (Four Tops, 1965), and "Your Precious Love" (Marvin Gaye & Tammi Terrell, 1967). Messina died on April 4, 2022 at his son's home in Northville, Michigan at the age of 93. Tulare County, California Tulare County ( ) is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 442,179. The county seat is Visalia. Germigny Germigny may refer to the following communes in France: The Funk Brothers The Funk Brothers were a group of Detroit soul musicians who performed the backing to most Motown recordings from 1959 until the company moved to Los Angeles in 1972. They are thought to be one of the most successful groups of studio musicians in music history. The Funk Brothers played on Motown hits such as "My Girl", "I Heard It Through the Grapevine", "Baby Love", "Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours", "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone", "The Tears of a Clown", "Ain't No Mountain High Enough", and "Heat Wave". The were 13 verified members of the group and they were identified by both NARAS for the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and were recognized with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Some believed the group "played on more number-one hits than the Beatles, Elvis Presley, the Rolling Stones and the Beach Boys combined." Jack Ashford Jack Ashford (born May 18, 1934) is an American soul musician. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He worked for Motown Records' in-house Funk Brothers band during the 1960s and early 1970s. Ashford is most famous for playing the tambourine on hundreds of Motown recordings. Ashford played tambourine on include "Nowhere to Run" by Martha & the Vandellas, "You Can't Hurry Love" by The Supremes, "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" by Marvin Gaye, and "Don't Leave Me This Way" by Thelma Houston. Following the death of Joe Messina in April 2022, Ashford is the last survivor of the 13 core members of The Funk Brothers. Cundinamarca Department Department of Cundinamarca (Departamento de Cundinamarca, ) is one of the 32 departments of Colombia. Its area covers (not including the Capital District) and it has a population of 2,598,245 as of 2013. Cundinamarca is in the center of Colombia. Cundinamarca's capital city is Bogotá, the capital of Colombia. Eddie Willis Eddie "Chank" Willis (June 3, 1936 – August 20, 2018) was an African-American soul musician. Willis played electric guitar and occasional electric sitar for Motown's in-house studio band, the Funk Brothers. He was born in Grenada, Mississippi. He was active in the 1960s and the 1970s. Willis was known for his songs "Please Mr. Postman" by The Marvelettes, "The Way You Do the Things You Do" by The Temptations, "You Keep Me Hanging On" by The Supremes, and "I Was Made to Love Her" by Stevie Wonder. Willis died on August 20, 2018 in Gore Springs, Mississippi from complications of polio at the age of 82. Pine Apple, Alabama Pine Apple is a town in Wilcox County, Alabama, United States. It was incorporated in 1872. At the 2010 census the population was 132, down from 145 in 2000. Moulinet Moulinet is the name of two communes in France: Avery Dulles Avery Robert Dulles, S.J. (; August 24, 1918 – December 12, 2008) was a Jesuit priest, theologian, and Cardinal of the Catholic Church. Dulles was on the faculty of Woodstock College from 1960 to 1974, of The Catholic University of America from 1974 to 1988, and as the Laurence J. McGinley Professor of Religion and Society at Fordham University from 1988 to 2008. He was born in Auburn, New York. Dulles died in The Bronx, New York from complications of polio on December 12, 2008, aged 90. Auburn, New York Auburn is a city in Cayuga County, New York, United States. It is located at the north end of Owasco Lake, one of the Finger Lakes, in Central New York. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 27,687. It is the county seat of Cayuga County. Clay, Alabama Clay is a city in northeastern Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. Actor Clayne Crawford was born here on April 20, 1978. Pier Giorgio Frassati Blessed Pier Giorgio Frassati (6 April 1901 – 4 July 1925) was an Italian Roman Catholic social activist. He was born in Turin. He was a member from the Third Order of Saint Dominic. He was dedicated to social justice issues. He helped the poor and less fortunate living in his hometown of Turin. He died in Turin on 4 July 1925 from polio, aged 24. His cause for canonization opened in 1932 after the Turin poor made several pleas for such a cause to open. However, Pope Pius XII suspended the cause in 1941. Pope John Paul II beatified Frassati in mid-1990 and dubbed him the "Man of the Eight Beatitudes". Onex, Switzerland Onex () is a municipality of the canton of Geneva in Switzerland. History. The municipality of Onex became an independent municipality in 1851 when the municipality of Onex-Confignon split into the two municipalities of Onex and Confignon. Geography. The municipality of Onex is on the left bank of the Rhône river. The municipality has of the villages of Cressy - Marais, Evaux, Cité-Nouvelle, Gros-Chêne, Pré-Longet, Belle-Cour and Onex - village. Twin towns. Onex is twinned with: Crossville, Alabama Crossville is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Pope Gelasius I Pope Gelasius I (died 19 November 496) was Pope of the Catholic Church. He reigned from 492 to 496. He was preceded by Felix III and succeeded by Anastasius II. Place of birth. There is confusion about where he was born. Margareta Niculescu Margareta Niculescu (4 January 1926 – 19 August 2018) was a Romanian artist, puppeteer, director, teacher and theater director. She was director of Tandarica Theatre of Bucharest. She was born in Iaşi, Romania. From 2000 until 2004 she was president of the International Puppetry Association in Charleville-Mezieres, in Ardennes, and co-founded with Jacques Felix, the National School of Puppetry Arts in that city. In 1978 she won the Erasmus Prize together with other noted puppeteers Yves Joly, Peter Schumann and the Napoli brothers. Niculescu died on 19 August 2018 in Charleville-Mézières, France at the age of 92. Everton de Viña del Mar Everton de Viña del Mar, is a Chilean football club based in Viña del Mar. The club was founded in 1909, and now plays in first . Their home matches are played at Sausalito stadium, which has a capacity of approximately 25,000 seats. Dario Argento Dario Argento (; born 7 September 1940) is an Italian movie director, producer, critic and screenwriter. He is best known for his work in the horror movies during the 1970s and 1980s. He was known for his "The Three Mothers" trilogy: "Suspiria" (1977), "Inferno" (1980) and "The Mother of Tears" (2007). His first movie, "The Bird with the Crystal Plumage" (1970), was a major hit in Italy. He helped produced George A. Romero's "Dawn of the Dead" (1978). Asia Argento Asia Argento (; born Aria Maria Vittoria Rossa Argento; 20 September 1975) is an Italian actress, singer, model, activist and director. She is the daughter of filmmaker Dario Argento. Argento is best known for her roles in the movies "XXX" (2002), "Land of the Dead" (2005) and "Marie Antoinette" (2006). Argento was in a relationship with celebrity chef Anthony Bourdain from early 2017 until his suicide in 2018. In the #MeToo movement she is thought to be one of the most vocal leaders of the movement. She was one of the many women abused by Harvey Weinstein. In August 2018, an article published in "The New York Times" revealed that she sexually assaulted Jimmy Bennett, a then 17-year-old actor and musician, in a California hotel in 2013, and arranged to pay $380,000 to her accuser. Sourcery (book) Sourcery is a fantasy book by Terry Pratchett. It was published in 1988 and it is the fifth book in the "Discworld" series. Plot. The story follows the wizard Rincewind who appeared in the first two Discworld books. He has to deal with the problems created when a young boy named Coin, the eighth son of an eighth son, and the most powerful wizard in the world tries to take over the world. Adaptation. Sky TV planned to make a TV version of the book, although these plans were never completed. Reception. Several newspapers praised "Sourcery" for its humour. The Daily Mail said "Sourcery" was the "most entertaining science-fantasy discovery in many years", whilst The Guardian said "One turns with relief … to the stylish magic of "Sourcery"." However it was criticised for its "lazy" plot and for being "muddled". N. K. Jemisin Nora K. Jemisin (born September 19, 1972) is an American speculative fiction writer.  She has won several awards for her work. She is the only author to have won the Hugo Award for Best Novel in three consecutive years. In 2016, Jemisin's novel "The Fifth Season" won the Hugo Award for Best Novel. This win made her the first African American writer to win a Hugo award in that category. Its first sequel, "The Obelisk Gate", won the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 2017. A second sequel, "The Stone Sky", won the same award in 2018. Early life. Nora K. Jemisin was born in Iowa City, Iowa, and grew up in New York City and Mobile, Alabama. Jemisin has a B.S. degree in psychology (1994) Tulane University. She  also has a Master's of Education from the University of Maryland College Park. Personal life. Jemisin lives and works in Brooklyn, New York. Anthony Mackie Anthony Dwane Mackie was born September 23, 1978. Mackie first appeared on stage before acting in mostly movies and sometimes television. He has appeared in movies such as "8 Mile" (2002), "Million Dollar Baby" (2004), "The Hurt Locker" (2008), "Notorious" (2009), "The Adjustment Bureau" (2011), "Man on a Ledge" (2012), "Gangster Squad" (2013), "Pain & Gain" (2013) and "The Night Before" (2015). In 2014, he joined the Marvel Cinematic Universe as the superhero Falcon. As this character, he has appeared in the movies ' (2014), ' (2015), "Ant-Man" (2015), ' (2016), and ' (2018). In May 2016, he co-starred as Martin Luther King Jr. in the HBO television movie "All the Way". In 2019, he played Danny Parker in the "Black Mirror" episode "Striking Vipers". Mackie was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He married Sheletta Chapital in 2014, but the couple divorced in 2018. The couple have three children. National Library and Documentation Services Board The National Library and Documentation Services Board (NLDSB) is the agency of the government of Sri Lanka which helps maintains all state libraries around the country. The NLDSB was established under the act No: 51 of 1998. This act established the Sri Lanka National Library Services Board in 1970. The board is placed under the Sri Lankan Ministry of Education. The present Board of Directors consists of 11 members including a full-time Chairperson. The Director General is the chief executive and secretary of the Board. Birbal Birbal (born Mahesh Das; 1528 16 February 1586), or Raja Birbal, was a Hindu advisor in the court of the Mughal emperor, Akbar. Birbal was appointed by Akbar as a poet and singer in around 1560. He was one of the "navaratnas" (nine jewels of Akbar). He is mostly known in the Indian subcontinent for the folk tales which focus on his wit. In the local folk tales he is presented as a very clever person. These tales are popular in India. These tales involve him being smarter then or making fool of other courtiers and sometimes even Akbar, using only his intelligence and cunning. From the twentieth century onwards, plays, movies and books based on these folk tales were made. Some of these folk tales are in children's comics and school books. Peninsular War The Peninsular War (1807–1814) was a war between the First French Empire under Napoleon and the Spanish Empire for control of Spain and Portugal. In the beginning, France and Spain were allies. The war began when French and Spanish armies together invaded and occupied Portugal in 1807. It became more serious in 1808, when France and its ally Spain came into disagreement, and became enemies. France attacked and invaded Spain, and Napoleon made his brother Joseph Bonaparte its king. General Sir Arthur Wellesley, later Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, became famous in the war. The war lasted until certain European states joined together in the Sixth Coalition and defeated Napoleon in 1814, invading Southern France as far north as Toulouse. The word "guerilla", which means "little war" in Spanish, was first used in 1808, when guerrilla warfare was used by the Spanish against the larger and better armed regular French Army. List of governors of Michigan The Governor of Michigan is the head of the executive branch of Michigan's state government and is the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws. He or she is also empowered to reorganize the executive branch of the state government. In 1805, the Michigan Territory was created, and five men were territorial governors, until Michigan was granted statehood in 1837. Forty-eight individuals have held the position of state governor. The first female governor, Jennifer Granholm, was elected in 2003. Governors of Michigan state (since 1837). (19) (2) (28) Living former U.S. governors of Michigan. As of , there are four living former governors of Michigan. The most recent death of a former governor was that of William Milliken on October 18, 2019. The state's living former governors are: Ilir Meta Ilir Meta (; born 24 March 1969) is an Albanian diplomat and politician. He has served as President of Albania from 24 July 2017 to 24 July 2022. Previously he served as Prime Minister from 1999 to 2002 and as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2002 to 2003 and again from 2009 to 2010. He was Chairman of the Parliament of Albania from 2013 to 2017. Adams County, Iowa Adams County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 4,029, making it Iowa's least-populated county. The county seat is Corning. Cerro Gordo County, Iowa Cerro Gordo County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 44,151. The county seat is Mason City. The county is named for the Battle of Cerro Gordo, which took place during the Mexican–American War. Cerro Gordo County was founded in 1851. José Mário Vaz José Mário Vaz (born 10 December 1957) is a Guinea-Bissauan politician. He was the President of Guinea-Bissau, from 23 June 2014 to 27 February 2020. Binangun Binangun is a village in Karangkobar, Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia. Mundrothuruth Mundrothuruth (Munroe's Island) is a village in Kollam district in the state of Kerala, India Pavithreswaram Pavithreswaram is a village in Kollam district in the state of Kerala, India Ambal Ambal is a village in Karangkobar, Banjarnegara, Central Java, Indonesia. Cusseta, Alabama Cusseta is a town in Chambers County, Alabama, United States. Situated between Opelika and Lanett, it was named for the ancient Creek Indian town of Cusseta. As of the 2010 census, its population was 123. Washington County, Iowa Washington County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 21,704. The county seat is Washington. Gryfice Gryfice (; Kashubian: "Grëfice"), formerly known as Greifenberg, is a town in Pomerania, north-western Poland with 16,632 people (2008). It is the capital of Gryfice County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship (since 1999), previously in Szczecin Voivodeship (1975–1998). Twin towns — Sister cities. Gryfice is twinned with: Priceville, Alabama Priceville is the third largest municipality in Morgan County, Alabama, United States. The 2010 census counted a population of 2,658, up from 1,631. Priceville was incorporated in 1975. Geography. Priceville is located at (34.521001, -86.879678). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Somerville, Alabama Somerville is a town in Morgan County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of the town was 724, up from 347 in 2000. Garden Grove, California Garden Grove is a city in northern Orange County, California, United States. It is about southeast of the city of Los Angeles. The population was 170,883 at the 2010 United States Census. Talladega Springs, Alabama Talladega Springs is a town in Talladega County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 166. Booth, Alabama Booth is an unincorporated community in Autauga County, Alabama, United States. Dauphin Island, Alabama Dauphin Island is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Chêne-Bougeries Chêne-Bougeries is a municipality of the canton of Geneva in Switzerland. Barbara C. Harris Barbara Clementine Harris (June 12, 1930 – March 13, 2020) was an American bishop of the Episcopal Church. She was the first woman ordained a bishop in the Anglican Communion. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. From 1989 to 2003, she was the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts. From 2003 to 2007, Harris was Bishop in the Episcopal Diocese of Washington. In February 2020, Harris was hospitalized for "serious gastrointestinal problems" and had surgery. She died at the hospital on March 13, 2020 in Lincoln, Massachusetts from surgery-related problems, aged 89. Otávio Frias Filho Octavio Frias de Oliveira Filho, known as Otávio Frias Filho (7 June 1957 – 21 August 2018), was a Brazilian newspaper editor. He was "Folha de S.Paulo"s editorial director from 1984 until his death in 2018, as well as Grupo Folha's editorial director. He was born in São Paulo, Brazil. Frias died on 21 August 2018, aged 61, in his hometown of São Paulo from pancreatic cancer. The Second City The Second City is an improvisation comedy group. It is best known as the first ever on-going improvisational theater troupe based in Chicago. It also has programs that run out of Toronto and Los Angeles. The Second City Theatre opened on December 16, 1959, and has become one of the most well known comedy theatres in the world. It was founded by Bernard Sahlins and co-founded by Paul Sills and Barbara Harris. The Second City has made television programs in both Canada and the United States, including "SCTV", "Second City Presents", and "Next Comedy Legend". Many famous comedians began their careers at Second City such as Bill Murray, John Candy, Dan Aykroyd, Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, Steve Carell, Stephen Colbert, and Aidy Bryant among many others. Hobe Sound, Florida Hobe Sound is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Martin County, Florida, United States. The population was 11,521 at the 2010 census. Hobe Sound is located at . The Happytime Murders The Happytime Murders is an 2018 American action crime mystery black comedy thriller movie directed by Brian Henson and written by Todd Berger. The movie stars Melissa McCarthy, Bill Barretta, Maya Rudolph, Joel McHale, and Elizabeth Banks. It is scheduled to be released by STXfilms on August 24, 2018. It is the first R rated Muppets movie. Spencer P. Jones Spencer Patrick Jones (28 October 1956 – 21 August 2018) was a New Zealand-born Australian guitarist and singer-songwriter. He was born in Te Awamutu, New Zealand. Jones was known for his singles "The World's Got Everything in It" (1995) and "What's Got into Him?" (1997) From 1976, he worked in Australia and was a member of various groups including The Johnnys, Beasts of Bourbon, Paul Kelly and The Coloured Girls, Chris Bailey and The General Dog, Maurice Frawley and The Working Class Ringos, and Sacred Cowboys. In May 2012 "Australian Guitar" magazine rated Jones as one of Australia's Top 40 best guitarists. In March 2018, Jones was diagnosed with terminal liver cancer. He died on 21 August 2018 from the disease in Sydney, aged 61. Wyrd Sisters Wyrd Sisters is a fantasy book by Terry Pratchett. It was published in 1988 and it is the sixth book in the Discworld series and the first one to focus on the Witches. Plot. Granny Weatherwax, the witch who appeared in Equal Rites is the main character, along with the two other witches in her group. The story is a take on the Shakespeare play Macbeth. TV adaptation. In 1997, the book was made into a TV mini series. Hurricane Lane Hurricane Lane was a 2018 Pacific hurricane. The storm threatened to hit the U.S. State of Hawaii. It was the first Category 5 hurricane since Hurricane Patricia in October 2015. On August 21, when Lane came close to the Hawaiian Islands, a hurricane watch was put up for Maui and Hawaii counties. Early the next day, the watch was changed to a hurricane warning. Lane dumped heavy rainfall on Hawaiian Islands, with rainfall accumulations of over 50 inches in Mountain View, resulting of becoming the wettest tropical cyclone on record in Hawaii. It is also ranked as the second wettest tropical cyclone in the United States after Hurricane Harvey in 2017. On August 29, Lane was dissipated near the International Date Line. Jack Guy Lafontant Jack Guy Lafontant (born 4 April 1961) is a Haitian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Haiti from 21 March 2017 to 17 September 2018. Adama Barrow Adama Barrow (born 16 February 1965) is a Gambian politician and real estate developer. He is the 3rd and current President of the Gambia, in office since 2017. In November 2021, Adama Barrow announced his candidacy for the 2024 presidential election. Stary Dwór Stary Dwór (formerly German "Altenhof") is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Trzciel, within Międzyrzecz County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. The village has a population of 360. Geography. Stary Dwór lies about west of Trzciel, south-east of Międzyrzecz, north of Zielona Góra, and south-east of Gorzów Wielkopolski. Stobno Stobno () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kołbaskowo, within Police County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, close to the German border. It lies about south-west of Police and west of the regional capital Szczecin. The village has a population of 450. Daviston, Alabama Daviston is a town in Tallapoosa County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 214, down from 267 in 2000. Goldville, Alabama Goldville is a town in Tallapoosa County, Alabama, United States. The population was 55 at the 2010 census, up from 37 in 2000. Limpach Limpach may refer to several places: Mas Soubeyran Mas Soubeyran is a small village in the commune of Mialet. It is in the Gard department in the Occitanie region in southern France. Mialet, Gard Mialet is a commune. It is in the Gard department in the Occitanie region in southern France. It lies close to Alès and Saint-Jean-du-Gard. The commune includes the hamlet of Mas Soubeyran, centre of the Protestant resistance during the 16th century. Saint-Ulrich Saint-Ulrich () is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. Mount Vernon, Alabama Mount Vernon is a town in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 1,574, up from 844 in 2000. Gilbertown, Alabama Gilbertown is a town in Choctaw County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 215. Franklin Parish, Louisiana Franklin Parish () is a parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 20,767. The parish seat is Winnsboro. The parish was founded in 1843 and named for Benjamin Franklin, American statesman. Allamakee County, Iowa Allamakee County (pronounced AL-uh-muh-KEY) is the northeastern-most county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,330. The county seat is Waukon. Inyokern, California Inyokern (formerly Siding 16 and Magnolia) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kern County, California, United States. Kern County, California Kern County is a county in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 839,631. The county seat is Bakersfield. Hackleburg, Alabama Hackleburg is a town in the state of Alabama in the United States. Sousse Sousse or Soussa ( , Berber: "Susa") is a city in Tunisia, capital of the Sousse Governorate. It is located south of the capital Tunis, the city has 271,428 inhabitants (2014). Sousse is in the central-east of the country, on the Gulf of Hammamet, which is a part of the Mediterranean Sea. Duncan D. Hunter Duncan Duane Hunter (born December 7, 1976) is an American politician. He is a member of the Republican Party from California. He represented parts of San Diego County in the United States House of Representatives from 2009 until 2020, representing the from 2009 to 2013, and representing from 2013 until his resignation in 2020. Hunter is the son of former Representative Duncan Hunter. In 2017 it was reported that Hunter was under criminal investigation for alleged campaign finance violations. Hunter, along with his wife, was indicted by a federal grand jury for conspiracy, wire fraud, and violating campaign finance laws on August 21, 2018. On December 6, 2019, Hunter said he would resign from Congress "after the holidays". He left office on January 13, 2020. In December 2020, Hunter was pardoned for his crimes by President Donald Trump. Ontario Highway 407 Ontario Highway 407, also known as 407 ETR (Express Toll Route), is a privately owned toll highway north of Toronto in Ontario. It uses cameras to track licence plates instead of having toll booths. To reduce the price of using the highway riders can get transponders. The highway lets drivers bypass traffic on the Ontario Highway 401. Duncan Hunter Duncan Lee Hunter (born May 31, 1948) is an American politician. He was a Republican member of the House of Representatives from California's 52nd, 45th and 42nd districts from 1981 to 2009. Hunter was the chairman of the House Armed Services Committee. Hunter ran for the Republican Party nomination for President of the United States for 2008, but failed to win many votes during the primaries, and he dropped out after the Nevada Republican caucuses. Hunter was replaced in congress by his son, Duncan D. Hunter. Chris Collins (politician) Christopher Carl Collins (born May 20, 1950) is an American politician. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was the United States Representative for New York's 27th congressional district from 2013 through 2019. Collins was the first sitting congressman to endorse Donald Trump for President of the United States. Collins and his son, Cameron, were arrested by the FBI on August 8, 2018, and charged with insider trading and lying to the FBI. On September 30, 2019, Collins announced his resignation from the House of Representatives effective on October 1, 2019. In December 2020, Collins was pardoned for his crimes by President Donald Trump. 400-series highways The 400-series highways are group of high-speed highways in Ontario, Canada. Ontario Highway 409 The Ontario Highway 409 is a highway linking the 401 to Pearson Airport in Toronto and Mississauga Ontario. Villano III Arturo Díaz Mendoza (23 March 1952 – 21 August 2018) was a Mexican professional wrestler. He was best known for performing under the stage name Villano III (in Spanish Villano Tercero). Career. Díaz was a second generation wrestler, son of "luchador" Ray Mendoza and the father of professional wrestlers Villano III Jr. and El Hijo de Villano III himself. He retired from wrestling in 2015 due to health issues caused by wrestling. For years Díaz was one of the known performers for the Universal Wrestling Association and during his career that spanned from 1970 until 2015 he worked for all major Mexican wrestling promotions such as Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre and AAA. Díaz was an "enmascarado", or masked wrestler, up until 2000 where he lost to Atlantis and was forced to unmask. The match against Atlantis was later named "Match of the Year" by the Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards. Death. He died from a cerebral infarct on August 21, 2018 in Guadalajara, aged 66. Tullio Ilomets Tullio Ilomets (13 July 1921 – 22 August 2018) was an Estonian chemist, science historian and a volunteer in heritage protection. He was born in Tartu, Estonia. Ilomets was one of the founders of the Academic Heritage Society and is an honorary member of the Estonian Heritage Society. He was a member of the Society of Estonian Conservators. Ilomets, as of 2016 with his 95 years, was the oldest working employee at the University of Tartu. Ilomets died in Tallinn on 22 August 2018 at the age of 97. Teri Polo Theresa Elizabeth "Teri" Polo (born June 1, 1969) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Pam Byrnes-Focker in the "Meet the Parents" trilogy. She was one of the stars of the sitcom "I'm with Her" (2003–2004), starred as Helen Santos on the political drama series "The West Wing" (2005–2006) and played the role of police officer Stef Adams Foster in the ABC Family series "The Fosters" (2013–2018). Sherri Saum Sherri M. Saum (born October 1, 1974) is an American actress. Saum is best known for her role as Lena Adams Foster in the Freeform drama series "The Fosters" (2013–18). She was born in Dayton, Ohio. Saum is also known for her television roles in "Beggars and Choosers", "Rescue Me" and "In Treatment", as well as for her roles in the daytime soap operas "Sunset Beach" and "One Life to Live". Maia Mitchell Maia Mitchell (born 18 August 1993) is an Australian born American actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Brittany Flune in the children's television series "Mortified" for the Nine Network, and as Natasha Ham in the Seven Network's teen drama "Trapped". Mitchell starred in the Freeform drama "The Fosters" as Callie Adams Foster. She also co-starred in the Disney Channel original movies "Teen Beach Movie" and "Teen Beach 2" as McKenzie. Cierra Ramirez Cierra Alexa Ramírez (born March 9, 1995) is an American actress and singer. She plays the role of Mariana Adams-Foster in the Freeform television series "The Fosters". Ramirez is of Colombian and Mexican descent. Noah Centineo Noah Gregory Centineo (born May 9, 1996) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in the television series "The Fosters", the television movie "How to Build a Better Boy", television show Austin & Ally and Netflix's "To All the Boys I've Loved Before". Kuldip Nayar Kuldip Nayar (14 August 1923 – 23 August 2018) was an Indian journalist, human right activist, author and politician. Nayar was born in Sialkot, Punjab, British India. He was the High commissioner of India to United Kingdom in the 1990s. He was known for his long career as a left-wing political commentator. He was also a Member of the Upper House of the Indian Parliament in 1997 through 2003. Nayar died on 23 August 2018 in New Delhi, aged 95. Ronald Atkins Ronald Henry Atkins (13 June 1916 – 30 December 2020) was a British Labour politician. He was the Member of Parliament for Preston North on two separate times; from 1966 until 1970 and from February 1974 until 1979. In June 2016, Atkins celebrated his 100 birthday. Atkins died on 30 December 2020 in Preston, Lancashire at the age of 104. Lenox Hewitt Sir Lenox Hewitt (7 May 1917 – 28 February 2020) was an Australian public servant. He was the Secretary of the Prime Minister's Department under John Gorton (Liberal) 1968-71, and Secretary of the Department of Minerals and Energy under Rex Connor (Labor) 1972-75. He remained active in public policy debate. He was the father of Patricia Hewitt, a former Labour minister in Tony Blair's government in the United Kingdom. Hewitt died, aged 102, of Lewy body dementia-related problems on 28 February 2020 at a care home in Edgecliff, New South Wales. Axel Lewenhaupt Count Axel Charles Emil Lewenhaupt (born 27 May 1917) is a former Swedish diplomat and Grand Master of Ceremonies at the Royal Court of Sweden. He was born in Helsingborg, Sweden. He was second secretary at the Foreign Ministry from 1948 to 1952 and first legation secretary in Madrid from 1952 to 1956. Lewenhaupt was first secretary at the Foreign Ministry from 1956 to 1958 and director at the Foreign Ministry from 1958 to 1960. Lewenhaupt was embassy counsellor in Washington, D.C. from 1960 to 1962 and ambassador in Leopoldville from 1962 to 1963. Lewenhaupt was acting head of the political department at the Foreign Ministry from 1964 to 1965 and its administrative department from 1965 to 1967. He was ambassador in Bangkok, Rangoon, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. Li Rui (politician) Li Rui (; April 13, 1917 – February 16, 2019) was a Chinese politician. He was a member of the Communist Party of China. He was also a writer and supporter of democratic reform in China. He was born in Beijing. In the mid-1950s, Li was briefly one of Mao Zedong's secretaries. His criticisms of Great Leap Forward, and support for Peng Dehuai, led to his exile. He briefly worked with the West German government. He was a vice minister of the Ministry of Water Conservation. Li turned 100 in April 2017. He died on February 16, 2019 in Beijing from multiple organ failure at the age of 101. George Pearce Henry George Pearce (born 17 September 1917) is a former Australian politician. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1949 to 1961, representing the Liberal Party in the Division of Capricornia. In 1960, Pearce was made Government Whip in the House of Representatives under Hubert Opperman. Pearce turned 100 years old in September 2017. He is the first member of federal parliament to live to be 100. He and Bill Grayden are the only surviving MPs from the 1940s. Bill Grayden William Leonard Grayden (born 5 August 1920) is a former Australian politician. He was born in Perth, Western Australia. He was in the military with the 2/16th Infantry Battalion from 1940–1946. In 1947, he was elected to the Western Australian Legislative Assembly as the Liberal member for Middle Swan, where he remained until 1949. Along with George Pearce, Grayden is the earliest surviving MP, and one of only two living "Forty-Niner" Liberal MPs. V. K. Rao Valluri Kameswara Rao, ICS (15 July 1914 – 27 November 2018) was a former Indian Civil Service officer and former Chief Secretary of Andhra Pradesh. He was the oldest living former officer of the Indian Civil Service. He turned 100 in July 2014. Rao entered the service of the central government on the Planning Commission of India before returning to Andhra Pradesh and becoming the state's Chief Secretary, the highest-ranking civil servant in a state. After his retirement, he served as Vigilance Commissioner of Andhra Pradesh from 1974 to 1977, and then as Principal Secretary to the President of India, N. Sanjiva Reddy, from 1981 to 1982. Rao died in Hyderabad on 27 November 2018 at the age of 104. Song Ping Song Ping (; born 24 April 1917) is a Chinese Communist revolutionary. He is a retired high-ranking politician. He was a member of the CPC Politburo Standing Committee. He is thought to be the only living member of the Second Generation of Chinese Leadership. Song was the political mentors to Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao. In 1987, Song left the Planning Commission to replace Wei Jianxing as head of the CPC Central Organization Department. He criticized the pro-democracy demonstrations in the spring of 1989. He retired as a member of the Politburo Standing Committee on October 19, 1992. He turned 100 in April 2017. Pope Liberius Pope Liberius (310 – 24 September 366) was Pope of the Catholic Church from 17 May 352 until his death on 24 September 366. According to the "Catalogus Liberianus", he was consecrated on 22 May as the successor to Pope Julius I. Liberius is mentioned in the Greek Menology, the Eastern equivalent to the martyrologies of the Western Church and a measure of sainthood prior to the institution of the formal Western processes of canonization. Carl J. Shapiro Carl J. Shapiro (February 15, 1913 – March 7, 2021) was an American businessman. In 1939, he founded Kay Windsor, Inc. in New Bedford, Massachusetts. It became one of the largest women's clothing companies in the country. He is its former president and chairman of the board and was director of Vanity Fair Corp in 1971. He retired five years later. Shapiro and his foundation reportedly lost some $550 million from Bernie Madoff, who received $250 million around December 1, 2008 from Shapiro, then one of Madoff's oldest friends and one of his biggest financial backers. His wife, Ruth, died in 2012. Shapiro turned 100 in February 2013. Shapiro died on March 7, 2021 in Boston at the age of 108. Namibian Sun The Namibian Sun is a daily tabloid and print newspaper in Namibia. The paper was launched on 20 September 2007 and publishes everyday. It had an initial print run of 36,000. The paper publishes mostly in English with some pages in "Oshiwambo" and targets a readership aged between 18 and 40. It has been published daily since 2010. It is published by Namibia Media Holdings (formerly Democratic Media Holdings) which also publishes two other newspapers, the "Allgemeine Zeitung" and "Die Republikein". While "AZ" has a German-speaking readership, and "Republikein" targets Afrikaans speakers, the "Namibian Sun" focuses on an English-speaking audience. Artur Brauner Artur "Atze" Brauner (born Abraham Brauner; 1 August 1918 – 7 July 2019) was a Polish-born German movie producer and entrepreneur. He created over 300 movies from 1946 through 2019. He was Jewish and many of his relatives were killed by Nazis in the 1940s. Brauner produced "Sag' die Wahrheit", one of the first movies produced in Germany after World War II. He also produced "Morituri", but received negative reviews and failed at the box office. He began to work with German Hollywood-based producers such as Robert Siodmak and later Fritz Lang who started a revival of Dr. Mabuse. Some of his movies dealt with the Holocaust such as "Die Weiße Rose", "The Plot to Assassinate Hitler" ("Der 20. Juli") and "Man and Beast" ("Mensch und Bestie"). Brauner died on 7 July 2019 in Berlin at the age of 100. Suzy Delair Suzy Delair (born Suzanne Pierette Declair; 31 December 1917 – 15 March 2020) was a French actress and singer. She was known for her 1950 version of the song "C'est si bon". Career. Delair was known for her roles in "A Caprice of Pompadour", "Imperial Violets", "Let's Touch Wood", "Casanova", "Poliche", "The Crisis is Over", "Gold in the Street", "The Murderer Lives at Number 21", "Quai des Orfèvres", "Lady Paname", "Lost Souvenirs", "Atoll K", "Rocco and His Brothers", "Is Paris Burning?" and "The Mad Adventures of Rabbi Jacob". She worked with directors Henri-Georges Clouzot, Jean Dréville, Jean Grémillon, Marcel L'Herbier, Christian-Jaque, Marcel Carné, Luchino Visconti, René Clément, and Gérard Oury. Personal life. Delair turned 100 in December 2017. She died on 15 March 2020 in Paris at the age of 102. Jean Erdman Jean Erdman (February 20, 1916 – May 4, 2020) was an American dancer and choreographer. She was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. She won a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Choreography in 1972 for her work in "The Two Gentlemen of Verona". She was known for her works as Ideal Spectator in "Every Soul is a Circus", the Speaking Fate in "Punch and the Judy" and the One Who Speaks in "Letter to the World". Erdman died on May 4, 2020 in Honolulu, aged 104. Job Amupanda Job Shipululo Amupanda (born 28 August 1987) is a Namibian politician. Before his suspension and resignation in 2014, he was the Secretary for Information, Publicity and Mobilisation of the SWAPO Party Youth League. He is the co-founder and leader of the Affirmative Repositioning movement, a movement setup by radical youth activists of the SWAPO Party Youth League. In 2010 he continued his studies at Stellenbosch University where he graduated with BA Honours in Political Science (2010) and MA in Political Science (2012). He also holds a BA Honors in History from University of South Africa He successfully challenged his expulsion from the party in court and was reinstated as a party member in May 2016. Harriet Frank Jr. Harriet Frank Jr. (March 2, 1923 – January 28, 2020) was an American screenwriter and producer. She was born in Portland, Oregon. Frank worked alongside her husband, Irving Ravetch. Frank won many awards during her career, such as the New York Film Critics Circle Awards and the Writers Guild of America Award, and several nominations. Her best known works are "The Long, Hot Summer" (1958), "Norma Rae" (1979), "Murphy's Romance" (1985) and "Stanley & Iris" (1990). Frank was one of the "leading characters" in the 2017 memoir "The Mighty Franks: A Memoir". Frank died on January 28, 2020 at her home in Los Angeles at the age of 96. SWAPO Party Youth League The SWAPO Party Youth League (SPYL), formerly SWAPO Youth League (SYL), is the youth wing of the SWAPO Party, the ruling party of Namibia. It shares the same principles as those of the SWAPO Party. Ambrose Schindler Ambrose "Amblin' Amby" Schindler (born April 22, 1917) is a former American collegiate football player, coach, actor and stuntsman. He was born in San Diego, California. He played college football for the University of Southern California. He was in the 1940 Rose Bowl. He went on to be the MVP in the 1940 College All-Star Game, held at Soldier Field in Chicago. Schindler was in the "The Wizard of Oz" as a Winkie Guard and as Jack Haley's Tin Man stunt double. He also appeared in "Sailor's Lady" (1940). Sophia Shaningwa Sophia Shaningwa is a Namibian politician. She served as Minister for Urban and Rural Development since 21 March 2015 to 2018 in President Hage Geingob's administration. She is currently the Secretary General of SWAPO Party. Shaningwa was appointed Governor of Khomas Region in 2004. She later served as Governor of Omusati Region. In 2014, she was elected to the National Assembly. She had previously worked at the National Housing Enterprise and served as Windhoek West councillor. Shaningwa was conferred the Most Distinguished Order of Namibia: First Class on Heroes' Day 2014. Peter Dutton Peter Craig Dutton (born 18 November 1970) is an Australian politician. He is a member and Leader of the Liberal Party. Dutton is the Leader of the Opposition since 2022. He has been a member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the Division of Dickson, Queensland since November 2001. From 2017 to 2018, he was the Minister for Home Affairs. He served as the Minister for Immigration and Border Protection from 2014 to 2017. He was also the Minister for Health and Sport from 2013 to 2014. Dutton was born in Brisbane, Queensland. He was a police officer before he entered politics. He has been married twice and has three children. On 13 March 2020, during the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, Dutton was diagnosed with COVID-19. In May 2022, after the Liberal Party lost the 2022 election and Scott Morrison resigned as party leader, Dutton announced his candidacy for the party leadership. He was elected party leader unopposed on 30 May 2022 and became Opposition Leader shortly afterwards. Carmen Herrera Carmen Herrera (May 31, 1915 – February 13, 2022) was a Cuban-American abstract, minimalist painter. She was born in Havana. She lived in New York City beginning in the mid-1950s. Herrera's abstract works brought her international recognition late in life. Herrera became known for her landscape abstract art based in Cuba such as "Blanco y Verde" (1959) which depicts landscape of the Cuban oceanside. Some of her work appears at the Smithsonian in Washington, D.C.. Herrera showed her art many times at the Salon des Réalités Nouvelles beginning in 1949. She turned 100 in May 2015. Herrera died at her Manhattan apartment on February 13, 2022 at the age of 106. William Coors William Kistler "Bill" Coors (August 11, 1916 – October 13, 2018) was an American businessman. He was born in Golden, Colorado. He was the grandson of Adolph Coors (1847-1929), founder of the Coors Brewing Company. He was known for his work with the company for 64 years, and was a board member from 1973 to 2003. He studied at Princeton University. Coors died on October 13, 2018, aged 102. S. Prestley Blake Stewart Prestley Blake (November 26, 1914 – February 11, 2021) was an American businessman. He was a co-founder of the Friendly Ice Cream Corporation (known more commonly as "Friendly's"). Blake founded the Friendly's national restaurant chain during the Great Depression, in 1935. The company was sold to Hershey Foods in 1979 for $164 million, and again for $375 million in 1988. He was chairman of the company until 1979. In 2006 he was minority shareholder in Friendly's. Blake died on February 11, 2021 in Florida, aged 106. Eduard von Falz-Fein Baron Eduard Oleg Alexandrowitsch von Falz-Fein (14 September 1912 – 17 November 2018) was a Russian-born Liechtenstein businessman and journalist. Biography. He was known as a "sports diplomat" who initiated the Olympic movement in Liechtenstein and vice president of Liechtenstein Olympic Committee in the mid-1930s. He was born in Gavrilovka, Kherson Oblast. In 1951 and from 1953 to 1973, he was President of the Liechtenstein Cycling Association. He turned 100 on 14 September 2012. Falz-Fein died in a house fire in Vaduz on 17 November 2018 at the age of 106. Idriz Ajeti Idriz Ajeti (26 June 1917 – 13 February 2019) was a Kosovo Albanologist and educator. He is known as one of the main researchers and authorities on the Albanian language studies of post World War II. He worked for the University of Pristina, and is a member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo, being its chairman for seven years. Margaret Morgan Lawrence Margaret Cornelia Morgan Lawrence (August 19, 1914 – December 4, 2019) was an American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. Her career began in 1948. Her work included clinical care, teaching, and research, particularly into the development of ego strength in inner-city families. She studied young children seen as "strong" by their teachers in Georgia and Mississippi. Lawrence was chief of the Developmental Psychiatry Service for Infants and Children (and their families) at Harlem Hospital for 21 years, as well as associate clinical professor of psychiatry at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, retiring in 1984. Lawrence died on December 4, 2019 at a nursing home in Boston at the age of 105. Fazlollah Reza Fazlollah Reza () (January 1, 1915 – November 19, 2019) was an Iranian university professor. He was born in Rasht. He was a Fellow of the IEEE and AAAS for his works to network and information theory. He was an honorary member of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature and had written and spoken extensively on classical Persian poetry. Reza was the head of Aryamehr University of Industry (Sharif University of Technology), University of Tehran, Iran's ambassador to Canada and Iran's ambassador to UNESCO. As a professor, he taught at MIT, McGill University, and University of Tehran. G. Venkatasubbiah Ganjam Venkatasubbiah (23 August 1913 – 19 April 2021), also known as G. V., was an Indian writer, grammarian, editor, lexicographer and critic. He was born in Mysore, Mysore Kingdom. He wrote eight dictionaries, four seminal works on dictionary science in Kannada. He also edited over sixty books and published several papers. His work "Igo Kannada", is a socio-linguistic dictionary and is used as a reference by linguists and sociologists. He was honored with the Kannada Sahitya Akademi Award and the Pampa Award. Venkatasubbiah was best known for his work on Kannada dictionary science titled "Kannada Nighantu Shastra Parichaya" which came out exactly one hundred years after the first Kannada dictionary was authored by the German priest and Indologist Reverend Ferdinand Kittel in 1894. Venkatasubbaiah died on 19 April 2021 in Bangalore from kidney disease, aged 107. Smilja Avramov Smilja Avramov (15 February 1918 – 2 October 2018) was a Serbian academic, authority and educator. She worked in international law. She was a member of the Senate of Republika Srpska from 1996 to 2009. Avramov was a professor of international law at the Law Faculty at Belgrade University. She turned 100 in February 2018. Avramov died at her apartment in Belgrade on 2 October 2018 from congestive heart failure at the age of 100. William Frankland Alfred William Frankland (19 March 1912 – 2 April 2020) was a British allergist. His works include keeping track of the pollen count as a piece of weather-related information to the British public, and for the prediction of increased levels of allergy to penicillin. Frankland turned 100 in March 2012. In 2015, he appeared in an episode of the BBC 2 TV series "Britain's Greatest Generation" and as a guest on BBC Radio 4's "Desert Island Discs". In June 2015, at the age of 103, he was awarded an MBE for services to allergy research. In July 2015 he was, at age 103, the oldest recipient of the badge of the Order of Mercy. Frankland died on 2 April 2020 in London at the age of 108. The cause of death was COVID-19. Charles Godfrey Charles Morris Godfrey, (24 September 1917 – 24 July 2022), was an American-born Canadian physician, professor and politician. He was a member of the Ontario New Democratic Party. He was a Member of Provincial Parliament for two years in the Ontario legislature, but he is best known for having led the protests against the proposed Pickering International Airport in the 1970s. Godfrey turned 100 in September 2017. He died on 24 July 2022 in Uxbridge, Ontario, Canada at the age of 104. Florence Knoll Florence Marguerite Knoll Bassett (née Schust; May 24, 1917 – January 25, 2019) was an American architect and furniture designer who studied under Mies van der Rohe and Eliel Saarinen. She was born Florence Schust in Saginaw, Michigan, and was known in familiar circles as "Shu". Knoll felt architects should contribute their design ability to furniture as well. Some of these furniture designs would become design icons of the 20th century and have remained in the Knoll line for decades due to their timeless design. Knoll's most famous creations are the Connecticut General Life Insurance Company Headquarters building in Bloomfield, Connecticut and the interior of the CBS Building in New York City. Harry E. Goldsworthy Lieutenant General Harry Edgar Goldsworthy (April 3, 1914 – February 16, 2022) was an American Air Force lieutenant general. He was deputy chief of staff for systems and logistics, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C. He was responsible for all Air Force logistics support which includes maintenance engineering, transportation, supply and services, and foreign military assistance and sales. His military decorations and awards include the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal, Legion of Merit with two oak leaf clusters and the Air Medal with four oak leaf clusters. Goldsworthy turned 100 in April 2014. He died on February 16, 2022 in Riverside, California at the age of 107. Felicity Hill Air Commodore Dame Felicity Barbara Hill, (12 December 1915 – 30 January 2019) was a retired British Royal Air Force officer. From 1966 to 1969, she served as Director of the Women's Royal Air Force. Hill joined the Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF) during World War II. She died on 30 January 2019, aged 103. Kenneth Mayhew Major Kenneth George Mayhew (18 January 1917 – 14 May 2021) was a British Army veteran of World War II. Mayhew was one of the only four living knights of the very exclusive Military William Order, the highest honour of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. In 1939 Mayhew was an officer of the 1st Battalion of the Suffolk Regiment. He commanded a company which landed in Normandy in 1944 and fought in the North West Europe Campaign. Mayhew was injured while fighting in the Netherlands. In 1946, Mayhew was knighted by Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, receiving the Knight fourth class of the Military William Order. The chapter of the order lost contact with him in the 1980s until he was seen wearing his medal at a memorial service in 2011. Mayhew died on 14 May 2021, aged 104. James Megellas James Megellas (March 11, 1917 – April 2, 2020) was a United States Army officer. He commanded a platoon in Company "H" of the 3rd Battalion, 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment (PIR), 82nd Airborne Division during World War II. Megellas was "the most-decorated officer in the history of the 82nd Airborne Division," having received a Distinguished Service Cross, a Silver Star, and been nominated for the Medal of Honor. Megellas died on April 2, 2020 in Colleyville, Texas at the age of 103. Neil D. Van Sickle Neil David Van Sickle (born July 8, 1915) is a retired American Air Force major general. He was the deputy inspector general at Headquarters, United States Air Force, Washington, D.C. Van Sickle was born in Minot, North Dakota on July 8, 1915. On January 15, 1965, he assumed command of the U.S. Air Force Recruiting Service, with headquarters at Randolph Air Force Base. Anton Coppola Antonio Coppola (March 21, 1917 – March 9, 2020) was an American opera conductor and composer. He was the uncle of movie director Francis Ford Coppola and actress Talia Shire. He was the grand-uncle of Nicolas Cage, Sofia Coppola, Gian-Carlo Coppola, Jason Schwartzman and Robert Schwartzman, and the younger brother of American composer and musician Carmine Coppola. Coppola was the musical director of six Broadway musicals, including "Silk Stockings", "Bravo Giovanni" and "The Boy Friend". He conducted two movie scores, 1990s "The Godfather Part III" and 1992's "Bram Stoker's Dracula". He appeared in the former, shown conducting the opera "Cavalleria rusticana" in the Teatro Massimo in Palermo. Coppola turned 100 in March 2017. He died on March 9, 2020 in New York City, aged 102. Francis Jackson Francis Alan Jackson, CBE (2 October 1917 – 10 January 2022) was a British organist and composer. He was the organist and director of music at York Minster for 36 years. He was appointed organist and director of music at York Minster in 1946 and held these positions until his retirement in 1982. Jackson died on 10 January 2022, aged 104. Eleanor Sokoloff Eleanor Sokoloff (née Blum; June 16, 1914 – July 12, 2020) was an American pianist and piano teacher. She taught on the faculty of the Curtis Institute of Music from 1936 until her death. She taught many famous pianists such as Hugh Sung, Lambert Orkis, Susan Starr, Claire Huangci, Kit Armstrong, Craig Sheppard, Leon McCawley, Keith Jarrett and Sean Kennard. In 2001, in recognition of her tenure, Sokoloff received the Curtis Alumni Award. She turned 100 in June 2014. Sokoloff died on July 12, 2020 at a hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the age of 106. Bernardino Piñera Bernardino Piñera Carvallo (22 September 1915 – 21 June 2020) was a Chilean prelate of the Catholic Church. He was born in Paris, France. At the age of , he is the oldest living Catholic bishop. Piñera was ordained a priest on 5 April 1947 and worked for the Catholic Action. On 11 February 1958, Pope Pius XII appointed Piñera Carvallo auxiliary bishop of Talca. In May 2020, he was diagnosed with COVID-19. Piñera died on 21 June 2020 from pneumonia caused by COVID-19 in Santiago de Chile, aged 104. Muazzez İlmiye Çığ Muazzez İlmiye Çığ, "née" Muazzez İlmiye İtil (born 20 June 1914) is a Turkish archaeologist and Assyriologist. She was born in Bursa, Turkey. She works in the study of Sumerian civilization. In 2006, at the age of 92, she received world-wide coverage in international media outlets when, upon publication of her 2005 book which described, among other topics, how her research into the history of the headscarf revealed that it did not originate in the Muslim world, but was worn five thousand years ago by Sumerian priests who initiated young men into sex. James C. Floyd James Charles Floyd (born October 20, 1914) is a Canadian aerospace engineer. He was born in Manchester, England. Floyd was the Avro Aircraft Ltd. (Canada) chief design engineer. He helped create the design and development of the Avro Jetliner, CF-100 and CF-105 Arrow aircraft designs. Richard K. Guy Richard Kenneth Guy (30 September 1916 – 9 March 2020) was a British-Canadian mathematician. He was professor emeritus in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Calgary. Guy was known for his work in number theory, geometry, recreational mathematics, combinatorics, and graph theory. He is best known for co-authorship (with John Conway and Elwyn Berlekamp) of "Winning Ways for your Mathematical Plays" and authorship of "Unsolved Problems in Number Theory". He also published over 300 papers. Guy died on 9 March 2020 in Calgary, Alberta, aged 103. George Haigh George Haigh (26 June 1915 – 23 April 2019) was an English professional footballer. He is known for his association with Stockport County. At the age of 103, he was the oldest surviving former County player. He was said to be the oldest surviving former professional footballer, although Arthur Smith was one month older. Arthur Smith (footballer, born 1915) Arthur Hoyle Smith (born 8 May 1915) is an English former professional footballer. At 103, he is the oldest surviving former professional footballer, and is a month older than George Haigh, who was first thought to be the oldest. In 1938, he joined Leicester City on a free transfer. In his first season with Leicester, he made eight appearances, and in his second, he made two more, with a brace against Manchester City. From 1935 to 2015 (with the exception of five years' war service in the British Army), Smith was the organist and choirmaster at Christ Church, Walmersley. John Lysak John Lysak (born August 16, 1914) is an American canoeist. He competed in the Olympic Games in 1936 in Berlin. He was born in Bound Brook, New Jersey. Lysak competed in the 1936 Olympics in Men's Folding Kayak Doubles, 10 kilometres, finishing seventh. After a stint in the United States Marine Corps during World War II, Lysak worked as a painting contractor until the age of 62. He is the San Francisco Bay Area's oldest living Olympian. Bound Brook, New Jersey Bound Brook is a borough in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. It is located along the Raritan River. At the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 10,402. Ignacio Trelles Ignacio "Nacho" Trelles Campos (31 July 1916 – 24 March 2020) was a Mexican football player and coach. He had five tenures as coach of the Selección de fútbol de México (Mexico national team) in 106 international matches, and was in charge of the Mexico squads at FIFA World Cup tournaments: 1962 and 1966. He guided Mexico to their first win in a FIFA World Cup. He coached 1083 matches, collected 463 wins, 319 draws and 301 losses. He turned 100 in July 2016. Trelles died on 24 March 2020 of a heart attack in Mexico City, aged 103. Eileen Ash Eileen Ash (née Whelan; 30 October 1911 – 3 December 2021) was an English cricketer. She was born in London. Whelan played seven Test matches for England between 1937 and 1949. She was the oldest living former international cricketer. Whelan played Test cricket both before and after the Second World War, making her debut against Australia at Northampton in June 1937 and playing her last game against New Zealand in Auckland in March 1949. Whelan also played representative cricket for the Civil Service, Middlesex and South of England. In July 2017, aged 105, Ash rang the bell at Lord's to signal the start of play at the 2017 Women's World Cup Final, which England won. Ash died on 3 December 2021 in Norwich, Norfolk at the age of 110. Dniester The River Dniester is a large river of eastern Europe. It starts on the north side of the Carpathian Mountains. It flows through Ukraine, Transnistria and Moldova for . It ends at the Black Sea near Odessa. It is the second longest river in Ukraine. Gavin Buckley Gavin Buckley (born 8 February 1963) is an Australian-American politician and businessman. He has been the Mayor of Annapolis, the capital of the U.S. state of Maryland since December 2017. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Buckley first moved to the United States in 1985. He later moved to Maryland in 1992. He is a successful businessman in Annapolis, opening four restaurants and a café. In June 2018, while he was in office, the "Capital Gazette" shooting happened in Annapolis, leaving five dead. After the shooting, he called for stricter gun control in the U.S., similar to laws passed in Australia following the Port Arthur massacre of 1996. Buckley was born in Boksburg, South Africa. He grew up in Perth, Western Australia. He has been married to Julie Williams since 1997. The couple have two children. He is a cancer survivor. Baleka Mbete Baleka Mbete (born 24 September 1949) is a South African politician. She is the Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa, a position she has had since May 2014. Big Banana The Big Banana is a tourist attraction and amusement park in the city of Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. The Big Banana is in a banana plantation, and has a large walk-through banana model. It was opened on 22 December 1964. It was one of Australia's first big things. The site includes laser tag, mini golf, ice skating, a theatre for learning, a toboggan ride and a water park. SodaStream SodaStream International is an Israel-based manufacturing company. It's best known as the maker of the consumer home carbonation product by the same name. It carbonates water by adding carbon dioxide from a pressurized cylinder to create soda water to drink. The company also sells more than 100 types of concentrated syrups and flavorings to make carbonated drinks. In the past, several major brands were available in the SodaStream concentrate, including Sunkist and Fanta. SodaStream also offers diet concentrates. In January 2012, SodaStream and Kraft Foods became partners. It involved the use of Country Time and Crystal Light brand flavors. In July 2012, the two companies extended their partnership to include the Kool-Aid flavor line. Kool-Aid Kool-Aid is an American brand of flavored drink mix. The product is owned by Kraft Foods. History. Kool-Aid was invented by Edwin Perkins in Hastings, Nebraska. Before Kool-Aid, there was a liquid drink called Fruit Smack. To cut down shipping costs, Perkins found a way to remove the liquid from Fruit Smack and leave only a powder. The powder was called "Kool-Aid". Perkins moved his production to Chicago in 1931. Kool-Aid was sold to General Foods in 1953. Kool-Aid is usually sold in powder form, in packets and small tubs. The actual beverage is made by mixing the substance with water and sugar. But there are some sugar-free varieties. The drink is usually served with ice or refrigerated and then served chilled. The Kool-Aid Man is associated with Kool-Aid. He was created in the 1950s. He was made over in 2013. Dodge City, Alabama Dodge City is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is located south of the center of Cullman County. Edwardsville, Alabama Edwardsville is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Elberta, Alabama Elberta is a town in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 1,498, up from 552 at the 2000 census. Magnolia Springs, Alabama Magnolia Springs is a small town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Lemoore, California Lemoore (formerly, La Tache and Lee Moore's) is a city in Kings County, California, United States. Lemoore is about west-southwest of Hanford. Its elevation is . The population was 24,531 at the 2010 census. It was estimated to be 26,369 on January 1, 2017. Kings County, California Kings County is a county in the U.S. state of California. The population was 152,982 at the 2010 census and was estimated to be 149,537 as of January 1, 2017. The county seat is Hanford. Fargo, Arkansas Fargo is a town of the state of Arkansas in the United States of America. Mountain Pine, Arkansas Mountain Pine is a city in the US state of Arkansas. Elkmont, Alabama Elkmont is a town of Limestone County in the state of Alabama in the United States. Elmore, Alabama Elmore is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Excel, Alabama Excel is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Five Points, Alabama Five Points is a town in Chambers County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 141. Waverly, Alabama Waverly is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Lafayette County Lafayette County may refer to several counties in the United States, each named in honor of the Marquis de Lafayette: Stanford-le-Hope Stanford-le-Hope is a town on the A13 road, in Essex, England. <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> Flomaton, Alabama Flomaton is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Laurent Dufaux Laurent Dufaux (born 20 May 1969 in Montreux, Switzerland) is a former Swiss professional road cyclist from 1991 to 2004. He was the Swiss National Road Race champion in 1991. Equality House The Equality House is a house in Topeka, Kansas. It is painted with the colors of the rainbow flag. History. The house was bought for $81,000 in March 2013. It was painted with the colors of rainbow flag, because it just across the street from Westboro Baptist Church, who are known to hate LGBT people. A 5 year old girl set up a lemonade stand just outside the house in June 2013 to raise money for Planting Peace, who owns the Equality House. Members of the Westboro Baptist Church tried to get the police to stop her and when that didn't work, began yelling swear words at her. She raised $400. Later that month, a lesbian wedding was held outside the house. In October 2013, a drag show was held outside of the house. This was done to raise money for anti-bullying campaigns to stop LGBT youth from killing themselves. In May 2015, after JK Rowling said she wanted a fake wedding between Dumbledore and Gandalf in Ireland, the Westboro Baptist Church tweeted that they would picket if this were to happen. In June that year, the mock wedding happened in the front yard of the equality house instead. Dumbledore is a gay character, according to JK Rowling, but this is not said in the books. In October 2016, the house was vandalized with the phrase "Fuk Fags" painted on it and seven bullet holes were found. Transgender House. Before 2016, the house was painted with the colors of the transgender flag. Later, a house next to it was bought and was made a permanent "transgender house". Mountain Ash, Rhondda Cynon Taf Mountain Ash is a small town east of Aberdare in the South Wales Valleys. In the center of the town there is a statue of Guto Nyth Brân, a famous runner who was born, lived and died in Mountain Ash. Ontario Highway 144 Ontario Highway 144 is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It starts at Highway 17/TheTrans Canada Highway in Sudbury. North through Northern Ontario. It ends near Timmins at Ontario Highway 101. It is long. It travels through mostly unpopulated areas. List of census-designated places in Louisiana This article lists census-designated places (CDPs) in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, there were a total of 169 census-designated places in Louisiana. Cron Cron is a computer program that can be used to make a computer do tasks at specific time intervals. It is used in UNIX computer operating systems and operating systems that are similar to UNIX, like Linux. "Cron" can be used to schedule most repetitive tasks. It is often used to automate tasks related to a computer or computer network's maintenance or administration, although it can be used for many other tasks like downloading files from the Internet and downloading email at specific times or dates. The name of the cron computer program is from the word "cron," which is from the Greek word for time, χρόνος (chronos). Cron is set up by editing a file called a crontab (cron table). This file lists the specific tasks for the computer to run and when the tasks should be run. Jena, Louisiana Jena is the parish seat of La Salle Parish, Louisiana. Greater Sudbury Greater Sudbury, referred to as Sudbury, is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is the largest city in Northern Ontario by population, with a population of 161,531 in 2016. Media. CICI CTV Television Network CICO TVO Trans Canada Highway The Trans-Canada Highway () is a transcontinental that goes across the country in southern Canada. The main route is long. History. The section between Sault Ste Marie, Ontario and Wawa, Ontario opened on September 17, 1960. The Rogers Pass in British Columbia opened on September 3, 1962. The paving of the Trans-Canada across Newfoundland was completed on November 27, 1965. Ontario Highway 101 Ontario Highway 101 is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It starts at Highway 17 near Wawa. It goes east to the Quebec boarder. It also meets Highway 11 and go through Timmins. It is long. It travels through mostly unpopulated areas. Seshego Seshego is a township in the Polokwane Local Municipality of the Capricorn District Municipality of the Limpopo province of the Republic of South Africa. The township lies directly northwest of the city of Polokwane in Limpopo. Pantry A pantry is a room where food and other household goods may be stored for a while. Some food, such as butter, eggs, milk, and such need to be kept cool. Before modern refrigeration was available, there was the pantry. The pantry was a room or large cupboard made to keep cooler than the temperature in the kitchen. Built on the north side of the house close to the kitchen, it had no windows, but had air ventilation. The walls were brick or wood. As the air in the pantry warmed, it rose, escaping through the upper vent. This in turn drew cooler air in from the lower vent, providing constant circulation of cooler air. In the summertime, the temperatures in the pantry would be several degrees lower than the ambient temperature in the house. In wintertime, the temperature in the cold pantry would be considerably lower than that in the kitchen. A pantry was the place to keep foodstocks that did not need to be kept refrigerated. Remember, food was bought regularly in those days, and not stored for long. Breads, butter, cheesecakes, eggs, pastries, and pies were kept in a cold. Vegetables could be brought up from the cellar in smaller amounts and stored in the cold pantry until ready to use. The pantry was a place to store fresh berries and fruit, cheese, butter and such. Addis, Louisiana Addis is a town in the U. S. state of Louisiana. KIIS-FM KIIS-FM (102.7 FM) is a radio station in Los Angeles, California, United States. It broadcasts a top 40 radio format. KIIS-FM is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. History. The station started broadcasting in 1948. At that time, the station was called KLAC-FM; it played pop music. In 1967, the station changed its call sign (name) to KRHM; it started to play soft music. In 1971, KRHM changed its name to KKDJ. It changed to a top 40 music format, playing the most popular songs. For a short time, in 1975, KHRM tried an "adult contemporary" or soft rock format. However, it was not successful. The station changed its name to KIIS-FM in 1975. It went back to broadcasting top 40 music. The name KIIS sounds like the word "kiss". However, the name of the station has nothing to do with kissing. It is spelled with two letter I's instead of two letter S's. This is because the station took its name from its former AM radio sister station — a station that is owned by the same company. The other KIIS station was located at 1150 AM; "115" looks like "IIS". Throughout its history, KIIS-FM has had several well-known radio hosts. These include Rick Dees and Ryan Seacrest. White sapote White sapote ("Casimiroa edulis") is a species of tropical tree in the family Rutaceae. It is a tree that grows fruit. The skin of this fruit is not suitable for eating but the pulp can be eaten. It is native to eastern Mexico and Central America south to Costa Rica. The genus is named for "an Otomi Indian, Casimiro Gómez, from the town of Cardonal in Hidalgo, Mexico, who fought and died in Mexico's war of independence." Sabine Parish, Louisiana Sabine Parish (French: "Paroisse de la Sabine") is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 24,233. The parish seat and most populous municipality is Many. Converse, Louisiana Converse is a village in Sabine Parish, Louisiana, United States. Fisher, Louisiana Fisher is a village in Sabine Parish, Louisiana, United States. Scott Morrison Scott John Morrison (born 13 May 1968) is an Australian politician. Morrison was the 30th Prime Minister of Australia from 24 August 2018 until 23 May 2022. He was the Treasurer of Australia from 2015 to 2018. Morrison has been a member of the Australian House of Representatives representing the Division of Cook, New South Wales since November 2007. He served as the Minister for Social Services from 2014 to 2015. He was also the Minister for Immigration and Border Protection from 2013 to 2014. He is a member of the Liberal Party. Morrison was born in Sydney. He studied economic geography at University of New South Wales. Before entering politics, he worked in tourism in Australia and New Zealand. He is married and has two children. Morrison is a Pentecostal. In August 2018, after many leadership issues with Malcolm Turnbull and the calling of a leadership spill on 24 August, Morrison was elected Leader of the Liberal Party. He became Prime Minister hours later. He would also win the 2019 Australian federal election. However, his conservative coalition lost in the 2022 Australian federal election to the Labor Party. Morrison announced his resignation as the leader of the Liberal Party. Florien, Louisiana Florien is a village in Sabine Parish, Louisiana, United States. Noble, Louisiana Noble is a village in Sabine Parish, Louisiana, United States. Pleasant Hill, Sabine Parish, Louisiana Pleasant Hill is a village in Sabine Parish, Louisiana, United States. Stuart Mitchell Stuart Mitchell (21 December 1965 – 15 August 2018) was a Scottish pianist and composer. He was best known for his "Seven Wonders Suite" (2001). In 2005, the Mitchell's received media coverage from Reuters, ITN, BBC, and CNN/Fox News when they claimed to have solved a musical code carved into the ceiling design of Rosslyn Chapel. "The Seven Wonders Suite" was awarded the number 181 for the most popular classical music work in the Classic FM Hall of Fame 2017. Mitchell died of lung cancer on 15 August 2018, aged 52. Henk Wesseling Henk Wesseling (6 August 1937 – 18 August 2018) was a Dutch historian. He was a professor emeritus of contemporary history at Leiden University. He was the rector of the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study between 1995 and 2002. He was born in The Hague. In 1988 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. He died in Oegstgeest, Netherlands on 18 August 2018 from Parkinson's disease, aged 81. Bill Potts Bill Potts (Played by Pearl Mackie) is a fictional character on the British television franchise ‘Doctor Who’. She was first shown as the new companion during a football game in 2016. Her first full episode was in Series 10 Episode 1: The Pilot. The Character was last seen in the 2017 Christmas Special ‘Twice Upon a Time’ featuring alongside Peter Capaldi, David Bradley and Mark Gatiss with cameos from Jenna Coleman as Clara Oswald and Matt Lucas as Nardole. Some fans refer to ‘The Doctor Falls’ as the Character’s last episode due to some wibbily wobbly timey wimey stuff. John N. Abrams General John Nelson Abrams (September 3, 1946 – August 20, 2018) was a United States Army four-star general. He was born in Cumberland, Maine. He commanded the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command from 1998 to 2002. He served in the army during the Vietnam War. Abrams died on August 20, 2018 in Arlington, Virginia at the age of 71. Cumberland, Maine Cumberland is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. The population was 7,211 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area. Biddeford, Maine Biddeford is a city in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 21,277 at the 2010 census. Its twin city is Saco, Maine. The town is the site of the University of New England and the annual La Kermesse Franco-Americaine Festival. It is the site of one of the earliest European settlements in the United States. Saco, Maine Saco is a city in York County, Maine, United States. The population was 18,482 at the 2010 census. It is home to Ferry Beach State Park, Funtown Splashtown USA, Thornton Academy. Its twin city is Biddeford, Maine. Bellows Falls, Vermont Bellows Falls is an incorporated village located in the town of Rockingham in Windham County, Vermont, United States. The population was 3,165 at the 2000 census. Bellows Falls is home to the Green Mountain Railroad; the annual Roots on the River Festival; and the No Film Film Festival. South Bristol, Maine South Bristol is a town in Lincoln County, Maine, United States. The population was 892 at the 2010 census. It is a fishing and resort area. It was loosely named after Bristol, England. Ashburn, Virginia Ashburn is a census-designated place (CDP) in Loudoun County, Virginia. As of the 2010 United States Census, its population was 43,511. It is northwest of Washington, D.C.. 70 percent of the world's Internet traffic passes through Ashburn. Ed King Edward Calhoun King (September 14, 1949 – August 22, 2018) was an American rock musician and songwriter. He was the guitarist for the psychedelic rock band Strawberry Alarm Clock and guitarist and bassist for the Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd from 1972 to 1975 and again from 1987 to 1996. King died in his Nashville, Tennessee home on August 22, 2018 from cancer at 68 years of age. James Morrison (actor) James Paige Morrison (born April 21, 1954) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as CTU Director Bill Buchanan on "24". He was born in Bountiful, Utah. We Are Number One "We Are Number One" is a 2014 song from the Icelandic children's television series "LazyTown". It was composed by Máni Svavarsson. The song was seen in the twelfth episode of the show's fourth season. The episode was called "Robbie's Dream Team", which is the 103rd episode overall. The song gained popularity in September 2016, when a remix was uploaded onto the YouTube channel SiIvaGunner, where many memes and parody videos have been uploaded since. The song also became popular in the aftermath of Stefán Stefánsson having announced that he had been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. The official music video has over 47 million views on YouTube as of 22 August 2018. It is the most viewed video of the "LazyTown" YouTube channel. A petition was set up to have Stefánsson perform the song to represent Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest, receiving over 12,000 signatures. The petition wanted him to participate in the 2017 edition. Shrek Forever After Shrek Forever After (also known as Shrek: The Final Chapter) is a 2010 American computer-animated comedy movie by DreamWorks Animation and Columbia Pictures. It is the fourth part in the "Shrek" movie franchise. It is the sequel to "Shrek the Third" (2007). Director: Mike Newell The movie was directed by Mike Newell<br>Mike Mitchell. It stars Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, Antonio Banderas, Julie Andrews, and John Cleese with Walt Dohrn as Rumpelstiltskin. It was theatrically released in the United States by Sony Pictures Releasing on May 21, 2010, in 3D and IMAX 3D formats. Lazy Lester Leslie Carswell Johnson (June 20, 1933 – August 22, 2018) better known as Lazy Lester, was an American blues guitarist. His career lasted from the 1950s to 2018. He was known for his recordings with Slim Harpo, Lightnin' Slim, and Katie Webster. Cover versions of his songs have been recorded by (among others) the Kinks, the Flamin' Groovies, Freddy Fender, Dwight Yoakam, Dave Edmunds, Raful Neal, Anson Funderburgh, and the Fabulous Thunderbirds. In the comeback stage of his career (since the late 1980s) he recorded new albums with Mike Buck, Sue Foley, Gene Taylor, Kenny Neal, Lucky Peterson, and Jimmie Vaughan. Lester died of stomach cancer in Paradise, California on August 22, 2018, at the age of 85. Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana Pointe Coupee Parish, ( or ; ), is a parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 22,802. The parish seat is New Roads. New Roads, Louisiana New Roads (historically ) is the parish seat of Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 4,831 at the 2010 census. The city's ZIP code is 70760. It is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area. National Museum of Scotland The National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, was formed in 2006 with the merger of two museums. They were the new Museum of Scotland (Scottish objects, culture and history) and the Royal Museum (science and technology, natural history, and world cultures). The two buildings are next to each other and are connected. They are on Chambers Street, by the George IV Bridge. The museum is part of "National Museums Scotland". Admission is free. As well as the national collections, the museum contains artefacts from around the world: geology, archaeology, natural history, science, technology, art, and world cultures. A Scottish invention that is a perennial favourite with school parties is The Maiden, an early form of guillotine. In 2017, the museum received 2,165,601 visitors, Scotland's most popular visitor attraction that year. Paradise, California Paradise is an incorporated town in Butte County, California. It is located in the Sierra Nevada near the northeastern Sacramento Valley. The population was 26,283 as of 2013. The town is statistically classified within the Chico Metropolitan Area. The town was destroyed by the Camp Fire in November 2018. Sacramento Valley The Sacramento Valley is the area of the Central Valley of the U.S. state of California. It lies north of the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta and is drained by the Sacramento River. It is made up of all or parts of ten Northern California counties. Although many areas of the Sacramento Valley are rural, it has several urban areas, including the state capital, Sacramento. Death of Mollie Tibbetts On July 18, 2018, Mollie Cecilia Tibbetts, an American college student, disappeared while jogging in Brooklyn, Iowa. A body matching her description was found in a cornfield on August 21 in Poweshiek County, Iowa, which was later identified as hers. According to police, her last confirmed communication was with her boyfriend of three years, Dalton Jack, who was out of town for work in Dubuque, Iowa, over away, shortly before leaving for her jog. The Iowa State Medical Examiner conducted an autopsy on the body and recorded the cause of death as "multiple sharp force injuries" and the manner as homicide. Mexican-born Cristhian Bahena Rivera faces first-degree murder charges. His lawful immigration status is disputed. Vice President Mike Pence called attention to the case at the beginning of a speech in Des Moines on August 15, telling a crowd of President Donald Trump's supporters that the government would continue to provide "any and all federal support" to the case. Pence later met with the Tibbetts family aboard Air Force Two. Ngconde Balfour Ngconde Balfour (born 23 August 1954) was a South African politician. He was Minister of Correctional Services and Minister of Sport in 2004. He was also the high commissioner to Botswana. Aleksei Paramonov Aleksei Aleksandrovich Paramonov () 21 February 1925 - 24 August 2018) was a Soviet-born Russian football player and manager. He was born in Borovsk. Paramonov won gold at the 1956 Summer Olympics. He played for FC Spartak Moscow from 1947 to 1959 and for the national team from 1954 to 1957. He managed the national team from 1969 to 1971 and again from 1973 to 1974. He also managed Étoile Sportive du Sahel from 1965 to 1967 and again from 1976 to 1977. Paramonov died at a hospital in Moscow from respiratory failure caused by a stroke on 24 August 2018, aged 93. Nosimo Balindlela Nosimo Zisiwe Beauty Balindlela (born 28 November 1949) is a South African politician. She served as Premier of the Eastern Cape from 2004 to 2008. Lynne Brown Lynne Brown (born 26 September 1961) is a South African politician. She served as Minister of Public Enterprises and was also former Premier of the Western Cape province in South Africa after her appointment in 2008. Early life and career. Brown was born in Cape Town. She was appointed Premier of the Western Cape following the resignation of Ebrahim Rasool in July 2008. She was also the Minister for Economic Development and Tourism. Sfiso Buthelezi Sfiso Buthelezi (born 1961) is a South African politician. He was appointed Deputy Minister of Finance in 2017. He is a member of the country's ruling party the African National Congress. Bheki Cele Bheki Cele (born 22 April 1952) is the South African politician. He is the current Minister of the Police as from 26 February 2018. Siyabonga Cwele Siyabonga Cyprian Cwele (born 3 September 1958) is a South African politician. A member of the African National Congress, he is the current Minister of Telecommunications and Postal Services and previously served as the Minister of State Security (formerly named Minister of Intelligence Services). Paul Mashatile Paul Mashatile (born 21 October 1961), is South Africa's former Minister of Arts and Culture in the Cabinet of South Africa. He is also the Treasurer General of the African National Congress. Bathabile Dlamini Bathabile Dlamini (born 10 September 1962) is the South African politician and Minister of Women Affairs. She is also the president of the African National Congress Women's League (ANCWL). YG (rapper) Keenon Jackson, better known as YG, is an American rapper. He was signed to Def Jam after his first single Toot It and Boot It (feat. Ty$), was released in 2009. He released several mixtapes inculding the Real Fingaz. His first mixtape, 4fingaz, was released in 2008, and his debut album, My Krazy Life was released in 2014. He start writing music when he was a teenager. Malusi Gigaba Knowledge Malusi Nkanyezi Gigaba MP, popularly known just as Malusi Gigaba (born 30 August 1971) is a South African politician. He is the current Minister of Home Affairs of The Republic of South Africa since 27 February 2018. Chris Hani Chris Hani (28 June 1942 – 10 April 1993) was a South African politician. He was also the leader of the South African Communist Party and chief of staff of uMkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). Ethan Vernon Ethan Vernon (born 26 August 2000) is a British cyclist who rides for the Great Britain National Team. He competed in the Team Pursuit, Individual Pursuit and Kilometre Time Trail at the 2018 Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, Australia Denisovan The Denisovans or Denisova hominins are archaic humans in the genus "Homo". They may be an extinct species or subspecies. They were first discovered in in the Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains in Siberia. This cave that has also been lived in by Neanderthals and modern humans. A finger bone fragment of a juvenile female was discovered. She lived about 41,000 years ago, with about 3% to 5% of the DNA of Melanesians and Aboriginal Australians and around 6% in Papuans deriving from Denisovans. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the finger bone showed it was genetically distinct from Neanderthals and modern humans. The nuclear genome from this specimen suggested that Denisovans shared a common origin with Neanderthals. DNA analysis has indicated that modern humans, Neanderthals, and the Denisova hominin last shared a common ancestor around years ago. The mtDNA analysis also suggested that this species was the result of a migration out of Africa that came between a migration by "Homo erectus" individuals and later ones by some ancestors of most modern humans. Fossils. So far, the fossils of four distinct Denisovans from Denisova Cave have been identified through their DNA: Denisova 2, Denisova 3, Denisova 4, and Denisova 8. Denisova 2 and Denisova 3 are young females,and Denisova 4 and Denisova 8 are adult males. Anatomy. So far, only a finger bone, a toe bone and two teeth are the only body parts that have been found.  The finger bone is from a woman.  It is broader than a human finger.  This fact suggests that Denisovans were more robust than any modern humans. Mitochondrial DNA analysis. The mtDNA from the finger bone differs from that of modern humans by 385 nucleotides in the mtDNA strand out of approximately 16,500. This  is more than the difference between modern humans and Neanderthals, which is around 202 bases. Rhigos Rhigos is a village in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, South Wales. It is in the north of the Cynon Valley. In 2011, there were 894 people living there. Fairlington, Arlington, Virginia Fairlington is an unincorporated neighborhood in Arlington County, Virginia, United States. It is located adjacent to Shirlington in the southernmost part of the county on the boundary with the City of Alexandria. New Leipzig, North Dakota New Leipzig is a city in Grant County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 221 at the 2010 census. Forkland, Alabama Forkland is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Union, Alabama Union is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Fort Deposit, Alabama Fort Deposit is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Gaylesville, Alabama Gaylesville is a town in Cherokee County, Alabama, United States. The population was 144 at the 2010 census. Kimberly, Alabama Kimberly is a city in Alabama in the United States. Lexington, Alabama Lexington is a town of Lauderdale County in the state of Alabama, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of the town was 735, down from 840 in 2000. Pope Adeodatus I Pope Adeodatus I (570 – 8 November 618), also called Deodatus I or Deusdedit, was Pope from 19 October 615 to his death in 618. Bantu Holomisa Bantu Holomisa (born 25 July 1955) is a South African politician and leader of the United Democratic Movement. He also served in the African National Congress. Fana Hlongwane Fana Hlongwane is a South African political activist. He is known for his association with the South African Arms Deal where the South African government lost $130 billion in controversial deals. He was then adviser to defence minister Joe Modise in 1955. His group of companies, such as Ngwane Defence, Truvelo, Les Amis (Pty) Ltd, Hlongwane Consulting channelled around 200 million Rand from a British Aerospace which are alleged to be bribes distributed to the African National Congress. KC Masterpiece 400 The KC Masterpiece 400 is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held at Kansas Speedway in Kansas City, Kansas, It is one of two races held at the circuit, with the other one being the Hollywood Casino 400 in October, It is held in conjunction with the Camping World Truck Series race. History. Kansas Speedway has first held the spring race In June of 2011, the race was first won by Brad Keselowski, One year later, The race moved to April to allow time for the track's reconfiguration.In 2013, the race remained as the eighth race of the season and was held on April 21, 2013. In 2014, The race was moved to the eleventh race of the season as the Bojangles' Southern 500 was moved to the eighth race of the season. Children of Muhammad The Children of Prophet Muhammad include three sons and four daughters. All were born to Muhammad's first wife Khadija bint Khuwaylid except one son, wo was born to Maria al-Qibtiyya. List of children. Muhammad's children were: Kansas Speedway Kansas Speedway is a motorsports complex in Kansas City, Kansas, United States, It is located from Wichita, Kansas, The speedway is owned by International Speedway Corporation. It was built in 2001 and holds two NASCAR race weekends, The Verizon IndyCar Series hosted events in 2011, The speedway hosts two Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series races, one NASCAR Xfinity Series race and NASCAR Camping World Truck Series race, and NASCAR also hosts the ARCA Racing Series since October 7, 2011. History. Construction began in May of 1999 of a new tri-oval, The facility would feature uniform 15 degree banking and boast seating for 72,000 spectators and more than 60 suites, The speedway was completed in 2001 in time for an inaugural test for stock cars and Indy Lights Series single seaters in April. The inaugural race weekend held in June of 2001 for the Winston West Series, ARCA Racing Series, NASCAR Winston Cup Series (now the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series), NASCAR Busch Series (now the NASCAR Xfinity Series and NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series (now the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series), also the Indy Racing League also made their debut in July, The first NASCAR Winston Cup Series race was won by Jeff Gordon in September. In the summer of 2012, the speedway announced track improvements including repaving of the existing track surface, reconfiguration of the oval, and the addition of the road course, The project immediately followed the STP 400 on April 22nd, The changes to the oval centered on the introduction of progressive banking over 17-20 degrees, with the front straightaway banked 9-11 degrees, and the back straightway 5 degrees, Portions of the field were graded and paved as part of the road course development. The repaving in particular drew praise to the NASCAR drivers when they attended a tire test in August of that year. SAFER barriers existed around of the concrete retaining walls between turns 1 and 2, and between turns 3 and 4 along most of the frontstretch. Also new in 2012 was the Hollywood Casino, which overlooks the track at turn 2, boasting 2,000 slot machines and gaming tables. On October 11, 2013, It was announced that NASCAR's lone event, the Bojangles' Southern 500 at Darlington Raceway and the spring race swapped dates in 2014, with the spring race becoming a night race and the fall race remained as a day race. Track length of a paved oval. The track length is disputed by two major series run at Kansas Speedway, The NASCAR timing did not use a scoring use a length of . The IRL timing and scoring length of . Georgiana, Alabama Georgiana is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. McKenzie, Alabama McKenzie is a town in Butler and Conecuh counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. The population was 644 at the 2000 census and had decreased to 530 as of the 2010 census. Geraldine, Alabama Geraldine is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Hammondville, Alabama Hammondville is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Henagar, Alabama Henagar is a city in Alabama in the United States. Ider, Alabama Ider is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Mentone, Alabama Mentone is a town of DeKalb County in the U.S. state of Alabama, in the United States. Pine Ridge, Alabama Pine Ridge is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Powell, Alabama Powell is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Sand Rock, Alabama Sand Rock is a town of Cherokee and DeKalb counties in the state of Alabama, in the United States. Shiloh, DeKalb County, Alabama Shiloh is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Sylvania, Alabama Sylvania is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Valley Head, Alabama Valley Head is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Dawson, Alabama Dawson is an unincorporated community in Dekalb County, Alabama, United States. It is about northeast of the town of Crossville. Dogtown, Alabama Dogtown, also known as Cagle's Crossroads, Dog Town, and Ruhama, is an unincorporated community in Dekalb County, Alabama, United States. Glen Allen, Alabama Glen Allen is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is near Interstate 22. Glenwood, Alabama Glenwood is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Madrid, Alabama Madrid ( ) is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. According to 2010 US Census, there were 350 people living there. Kinsey, Alabama Kinsey is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Rehobeth, Alabama Rehobeth is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Taylor, Alabama Taylor is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Webb, Alabama Webb is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Acadia Parish, Louisiana Acadia Parish () is a parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 61,773. The parish seat is Crowley. The parish was founded from parts of St. Landry Parish in 1886. Ascension Parish, Louisiana Ascension Parish () is a parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 107,215. The parish seat is Donaldsonville. The parish was founded in 1807. Toyota/Save Mart 350 The Toyota/Save Mart 350 is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series stock car race held annually at Sonoma Raceway at Sears Point in Sonoma, California, It is one of three races held on road courses, with the other two being the Go Bowling at The Glen at Watkins Glen International and the Bank of America Roval 400 at Charlotte Motor Speedway. The race joined the circuit in 1989, It was added as a replacement for the Budweiser 400 at Riverside, which closed in 1988, The race had undergone several name and length changes throughout the year, The NASCAR West Series is held as combination race from 1989 to 1997 and has held as a standalone race since 2006. Due to the track's unique layout, the race generates annual discussion, with media, fans and participants both in favor and against racing this event, Due to the speedway's layout, Road course ringers are common, A NASCAR term standing for drivers only on road course races. History. From 1989-1997, NASCAR had utilized the full , best known for sports car racing, Subtle changes to some of the turns accommodated the stock cars, and increased passing widths, Ricky Rudd won the inaugural race at Sonoma. In the 1991 race, Sonoma became famous, With seven laps remaining in the race, Mark Martin tried to pass Tommy Kendall, who cut his tire, subbing for an injured Kyle Petty, The two made contact, resulting in Martin crashing and running into Davey Allison, cutting his tire. and the lead went to Davey Allison, Then with 2 laps to go, Ricky Rudd passed Allison for the lead, but spun out from contact in the final turn. Ricky Rudd led the field to the white flag, and contended to win the race, his second victory at Sonoma, and to advance in championship standings, However, as he came around to take the win, Rudd was black-fagged just 3 feet from the finish line, Davey Allison was declared the winner and Rudd finished in second place. The last Sonoma race was held at the previous road course passage was in 1997 on October 5 at a Truck Series event, There, Joe Ruffmann won the race but controversy erupted when Rich Bickle blamed a loss of top-ten finishes on rookie Boris Said, Rich Bickle cut down a tire, and in reply, Boris Said ran in to Bickle and waited for him to come around and crash him, NASCAR after a brief red flag for a massive crash in a wall of tires, disqualified Said and placed him $10,000 for his actions. In 1998, the circuit for the event was shortened to a modified road course with the addition of the "Chute" from Turn 4 to Turn 7, bypassing Turn 5 and 6. In 2001, the "Chute" was modified to such that the NASCAR circuit measured long. "Gilligan's Island". From 1989 to 2001, the pit road could modify up to 34 pit stalls, In the early years, some teams were required to share pit stalls, while the other teams were forced to pit inside the garage area. After a few years, A makeshift auxiliary pit road was constructed inside the hairpin (turn 11), nicknamed Gilligan's Island, Cars that had nine slowest qualifying speeds were relegated to the pit stalls, Pitting in this area was considered as an inconvenience and a competitive disadvantage, more so than the even the disadvantages one would experience pitting on the back straightaway at a short period of time. Since the length of the auxilary pit road, was significantly shorter than the other pit road, the cars that pitted were held from 15–20 seconds in order to make up for the time that would have been if the cars had traveled the entire pit road. Pitting on Gilligan's Island had several other inconveniences, The location (the staging area for the drag races, was landlocked by the race course, and crew members were unable to leave once the race began, Teams sent the only pit crew to Gilligan's Island, and once they were there, they could not access the garage area or their transporters, to collect spare parts/tools, The only repairs that could be made were routine tire changes and refueling, as well as major repairs, If a team pitting on Gilligan's Island dropped out of the race, The crewman were unable to pack their supplies and prepare to leave (a common practice at other tracks) until the race was over. Changes to the track in 2002 that included separation of the drag strip from the frontstretch, removal of the main drag strip grandstand, and new control tower for road racing led to the pit road being expanded by extending pit road into the main straight and moving the pit exit up past turn 1, thereby expanding it to 43 cars, and Gilligan's Island was abandoned. Trophy. The trophy was in form of wine bottle holder paired with a giant wine glass as a nod to NAPA County's wine country. Coke Zero Sugar 400 The Coke Zero Sugar 400 is an annual stock car race held at Daytona International Speedway, It is the eighteenth race of the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, Daytona had hosted this event for many years, The first summer race was held in 1959 and was named the Firecracker 400, The race ran its scheduled distance with no caution flags, The race is held in conjunction with the NASCAR Xfinity Series race, the Coca-Cola Firecracker 250, It is one of two races held at Daytona International Speedway, with the other one being the Daytona 500. The race is notable for memorable moments and finishes throughout the season. The race has been held as the eighteenth race from 2001-2014, the and from 2015-2017, the race swapped dates with the Quaker State 400 at Kentucky Speedway and was moved up one race, In 2018, the race returned as the 18th race of the season, as the Overton's 400 at Chicagoland Speedway (which was the 27th race of the season from 2011-2017, was moved to the 17th race of the season). Eventually, the race was held in 1959, It was the second 400 mile race, following with the Foxwoods Resort Casino 301 at New Hampshire Motor Speedway, in 2018, Coca-Cola Zero Sugar sponsors the event, naming it as the Coke Zero Sugar 400. Unlike the Daytona 500, The cars pileup in multi-car wrecks, known as The Big One. Linton Freeman Linton Clarke Freeman (1927 – August 17, 2018) was an American structuralist sociologist and editor. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. Freeman was known for his work in social networks. He was an emeritus professor of Sociology at the University of California, Irvine. Freeman was the first to create the metric of Betweenness centrality. He was the founding editor of the journal "Social Networks". Freeman died on August 17, 2018 in Irvine, California at the age of 91. Khaira Arby Khaira Arby, known as The Nightingale of Timbuktu (21 September 1959 – 19 August 2018), was a Malian singer-songwriter. She was born in Timbuktu, Mali Federation. In 1992, Arby started a career under her own name, the first Malian woman to do so. In 2010, she became globally popular. She toured the United States, performed at Pop Montreal in 2010, and at the Montreal International Jazz Festival in 2011. Arby wrote and sang in the indigenous languages of the region, Songhai, Tamachek, Bambara, and in Arabian. Arby died on 19 August 2018 in Bamako, Mali from breast cancer at the age of 59. Russ Heath Russell Heath, Jr. (September 29, 1926 – August 23, 2018) was an American comic artist. He was born in New York City. Heath was best known for his comic book work, particularly his DC Comics war stories and his 1960s art for "Playboy" magazine's "Little Annie Fanny" feature. Heath's drawings of fighter jets in DC Comics' "All-American Men of War" #89 (Feb. 1962) was the basis for pop artist Roy Lichtenstein's best-known oil paintings. Heath was added into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2009. Heath died in Van Nuys, California on August 23, 2018 from prostate cancer, aged 91. Dieter Thomas Heck Dieter Thomas Heck (born Carl-Dieter Heckscher; 29 December 1937 – 23 August 2018) was a German television presenter, singer and actor. He was known as the presenter of the TV program "ZDF-Hitparade". As an actor, he starred in the TV play "Das Millionenspiel" in 1970. He was born in Flensburg, Germany. Heck died from complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on 23 August 2018 in Berlin at the age of 80. George Sheldon (politician) George Sheldon (1947 – August 23, 2018) was an American attorney and politician. He was born in Wildwood, New Jersey. Sheldon was a member of the Florida House of Representatives, as the Secretary of the Florida Department of Children and Families, and as the Acting Assistant Secretary at the federal Administration for Children and Families within the Department of Health and Human Services. Sheldon ran unsuccessfully in the 2014 Florida Attorney General election. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Sheldon died from complications of a fall in Miami, Florida, on August 23, 2018, at the age of 71. Wildwood, New Jersey Wildwood is a city in Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. It is part of the Ocean City Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's year-round population was 5,325. Franck Venaille Franck Venaille (1936 – 23 August 2018) was a French poet and writer. His poetry was known by its expressive power, seeking to bring out the animal side of man, his impulses and anxieties. He was born in Paris. He worked at the magazine "Poetic Action" (1960) and "Orange Export Ltd." (1980). He also founded the journals "Chorus" (1968) and "Mr. Bloom" (1978). From 1974, he worked for France Culture, working in particular with the issue "Les Nuits magnétiques". Venaille died on 23 August 2018 in Paris, aged 81. Tom Frost Thomas "Tom" M. Frost (June 30, 1936 – August 24, 2018) was an American rock climber. He was known for big wall climbing first ascents in Yosemite Valley. He was also a photographer and climbing equipment maker. Frost died on August 24, 2018 at the age of 80. Yosemite Valley Yosemite Valley ( ) is a glacial valley in Yosemite National Park in the western Sierra Nevada mountains of Central California. The valley is about 7.5 miles (12 km) long and about 3000–3500 feet deep. Yosemite Falls is the highest waterfall in North America, and is a big attraction especially in the spring when the water flow is at its peak. The Valley is the main attraction in the park for the majority of visitors. Yosemite Valley is located on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada mountains, 150 miles (240 km) due east of San Francisco. Tomah, Wisconsin Tomah is a city in Monroe County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 9,093 as of the 2010 census. Tomah was founded by Robert E. Gillett in 1855 and incorporated as a city in 1883 but the charter was not issued until 1894. Fitchburg, Wisconsin Fitchburg is a city in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 25,260 at the 2010 census. Fitchburg is a suburb of Madison and is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1983, Fitchburg became a city. Robin Leach Robin Douglas Leach (29 August 1941 – 24 August 2018) was a British entertainment reporter, television presenter and writer. He was best known for hosting the television series "Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous" from 1984 to 1995. He was known for his signature phrase, "champagne wishes and caviar dreams". Leach died on 24 August 2018 in Las Vegas, Nevada from complications of a stroke at the age of 76. Princeton Lyman Princeton Nathan Lyman (November 20, 1935 – August 24, 2018) was an American diplomat. He was born in San Francisco, California. He was the United States Ambassador to Nigeria (1986–89) and South Africa (1992–95), and former Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs (1996–98). Lyman died of lung cancer on August 24, 2018 in Silver Spring, Maryland, aged 82. Cornville, Arizona Cornville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Yavapai County, Arizona, United States. The population as of the 2010 United States Census was 3,280, down from 3,335 at the 2000 census. The Cornville CDP includes the communities of Cornville and Page Springs. Senator John McCain lived and died in Cornville. Valentina Rastvorova Valentyna Ksenofontivna Rastvorova (17 July 1933 – 24 August 2018) was a Soviet fencer. She competed at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Olympics. She won an team gold and individual silver medals in 1960, and team silver medal in 1964. She also won six gold and two silver medals at the world championships of 1956–1967, mostly in the team foil. Rastvorova died on 24 August 2018 at the age of 85. Ciril Zlobec Ciril Zlobec (4 July 1925 – 24 August 2018) was a Slovene poet, writer, translator, journalist and former politician. He was best known for his poems and published several volumes of poetry. In 1990 he became a member of the Presidency of Slovenia at a critical time for Slovene independence. In the 1970s and 1980s, he was the editor of the intellectual and cultural journal "Sodobnost". Zlobec died on 24 August 2018 at the age of 93. Sanjay Gupta Sanjay Gupta ( ; born October 23, 1969) is an American neurosurgeon and medical reporter. He is the associate chief of the neurosurgery service at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, and as assistant professor of neurosurgery at the Emory University School of Medicine. He is best known as CNN's multiple Emmy Award-winning chief medical correspondent, hosting the network's weekend health program "Sanjay Gupta, M.D.", and making frequent appearances on their "American Morning", "Larry King Live" and "Anderson Cooper 360°" programs. In January 2009, it was reported that Gupta was offered the position of Surgeon General of the United States in the Obama administration, but he withdrew his name from consideration. Novi, Michigan Novi ( ) is a city in Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the population was 55,224. The city is located about northwest of the center of Detroit. It is about northeast of the center of Ann Arbor. Don Lemon Don Lemon (born March 1, 1966) is an American journalist and author. He is a news anchor for CNN in New York City, and hosts "CNN Tonight." He was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Lemon won an Emmy Award for a special report on the real estate market in Chicago. Lemon is openly gay. Lindsay Kemp Lindsay Kemp (3 May 1938 – 24 August 2018) was an English dancer, actor, teacher, mime artist, and choreographer. He was born in Birkenhead, Merseyside. He was known for his works and mentorship with David Bowie and for his role as Alder MacGregor in the 1973 movie in "The Wicker Man". Kemp died on 24 August 2018 from cardiac arrest in Rome, Italy, aged 80. Noam Sheriff Noam Sheriff (7 January 1935 – ) was an Israeli composer, conductor, educator and arranger. He was born in Tel Aviv. Sheriff was Artistic Director of the Kibbutz Chamber Orchestra (1973-1982); Music Director of the Israel Symphony Orchestra Rishon LeZion (1989-1995); Professor of Composition and Conducting at the Tel-Aviv University's Samuel Rubin Academy of Music (since 1990) and the Academy's director (1998- 2000); Artistic Director of the Israel Chamber Orchestra (2002-2005); and Artistic Director of the Haifa Symphony Orchestra (from 2004 until his death). Sheriff died on 25 August 2018 in Haifa, Israel at the age of 83. The Deemster The Deemster is a novel by Hall Caine published in 1887. It is the first 'Manx novel'. It was Caine's third novel, the second to be set in the Isle of Man. It was his first big success. The plot is about the reckless actions of Dan Mylrea and his exile and atonement. Sir Thomas Henry Hall Caine CH KBE (14 May 1853 – 31 August 1931), usually known as 'Hall Caine', was a British writer. He was a novelist, dramatist, short story writer, poet and critic of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Caine wrote fifteen novels on subjects of adultery, divorce, domestic violence, illegitimacy, infanticide, religious bigotry and women's rights. His books sold in total about ten million copies. He was the most highly paid novelist of his day. Perry, Georgia Perry is a city in Houston and Peach counties in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the county seat of Houston County. The population was 13,839 at the 2010 census. Endometriosis Endometriosis is a sickness when tissue similar to, but not identical to, endometrium cells of the uterus grow outside the uterus. As many as 11% of American women between 15 and 44 years-old may have this sickness. It is most commonly diagnosed in women 30-40 years-old, but affects people of every age and gender. Having endometriosis can sometimes affect fertility. Endometriosis symptoms can be treated by a doctor, but cannot be cured. Wide-excision surgery can reduce or stol recurrence of disease. Treating endometriosis may help a woman get pregnant. Other problems: A woman can have endometriosis for a long time. It can be very painful. Women with endometriosis can have problems with their menstrual flow. This sickness can be so painful that it affects many areas of life. Endometriosis is hard to find in some women. To find endometriosis in a woman a doctor may order many medical tests. These tests may be a pelvic exam and an ultrasound. When a woman has a pelvic exam the doctor will feel for lumps or scars. An ultrasound will help the doctor see cysts on the ovaries. The doctor may put a wand-shaped ultrasound probe into the vagina. A scanner may be used on your abdomen. Another test may be used. It is called an MRI. The MRI takes a picture of the inside of the body. A doctor may try to treat endometriosis with medicine. There are different kinds of medicine that treat endometriosis symptoms. Birth control medicine can help some women have less pain. Another kind of medicine is called Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. If the pain is less after taking medicine then the doctor may decide that the woman has endometriosis. If the woman stops taking the medicine the pain may come back. Endometriosis is treated with surgery. This is called laparoscopy. The doctor doing the surgery can look inside the body to find endometriosis tissue. Surgery with biopsy is the only way to be sure that a woman has endometriosis. The doctor may see endometriosis tissue during laparoscopy. A doctor may remove a sample and study it under the microscope to decide. Univers Univers is the name of a sans-serif typeface family designed by Adrian Frutiger and released in 1957. It is sans-serif in a geometrical style. It was made in a huge range of weights and widths. Univers was based on a much earlier design of about 1898, called Akzidenz-Grotesk. Univers was one of the first typeface families to fulfil the idea that a typeface should form a family of consistent, related designs. By creating a matched range of styles and weights, Univers allowed documents to be created in one consistent typeface for all text documents. This matched the desire among practitioners of the "Swiss style" of typography for neutral sans-serif typefaces avoiding artistic excesses. By "excesses" might be meant blackletter, which had been used earlier in German language publications. But Univers also leaves out all the styling of the classical Roman lettering, including the use of serifs at the end of letter strokes. One important influence was the coming of modernism, with its rejection of tradition in favour of plain function. That is mentioned by most of the people who promoted Univers and other sans serif fonts. Critics of Univers critics point to its lack of character, and monotony when used (as it is) on a huge variety of printed forms. Historian James Mosley has described it as "probably the last major" release of a large family as metal type. The font is available for phototypesetting and computer typesetting. It is marketed under licence by almost all outlets serving the print industry. Auto Club Speedway Auto Club Speedway (formerly called California Speedway) is a , low-banked D-shaped oval superspeedway which had hosted NASCAR races since 1997, It was also used for open wheel racing events, The speedway is located near the former locations of Ontario Motor Speedway and Riverside International Raceway, The track is owned by International Speedway Corporation. The speedway is served by the nearby Interstate 10 and Interstate 15 freeways as well as Metrolink station located by the backstretch. Construction of the track, on the site of the former Kaiser Steel Mill, began in 1995 and was completed in late 1996, The speedway has a capacity of 68,000 and 28 skyboxes and a total of 28,000, In 2006, a fan zone was added behind the main grandstand, Lights were added to the speedway in 2004 with the addition of a second annual NASCAR race weekend. Since 2011, Auto Club Speedway has hosted only one NASCAR race weekend. IndyCar hosted events since 2012 with its season finale (a 500-mile night race), the series previously ran a 400-mile race from 2002 to 2005. Circuit history. On April 20, 1994, Roger Penske and Kaiser announced the construction of a racetrack on the site of the abandoned Kaiser Steel mill in Fontana, California, A day after the announcement, CART announced it would hold an annual race at the speedway, Three months later, NASCAR president Bill France Jr. agreed to sanction a Winston Cup Series race at the track that yet to be built. Community meetings were held to discuss issues related to the construction of the track and the local effects of events held, The local community largely supported construction of the speedway citing potentially increased land values and rejuvenation of the community, In April 1995, after touring the sister track, Michigan International Speedway, the San Bernardino County Board of Superiors unanimously approved the project. The California Environmental Protection Agency gave Penske permission to begin construction after Kaiser agreed to pay $6 million to remove hazardous waste from the site, Construction of the site began on November 22, 1995 with the demolition of the Kaiser Steel Mill. The 100-foot water tower, a landmark of the Kaiser property, was used as a scoreboard. of contaminated dirt was removed and transported to a toxic waste landfill, To prevent remaining impurities from rising to the surface, a cap of non-porus polyethylene was put down and covered with of clean soil. Construction of the track was completed in late 1996. On January 10, 1997, Marlboro Team Penske's driver Paul Tracy became the first driver to test on the new speedway, NASCAR held its first open test session on at the track from May 5-7, The official opening and ribbon cutting ceremony was held on June 20, 1997, with the first race, a NASCAR West Series race, being held the next day. The first NASCAR Winston Cup Series race (now the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series) was held on June 22, 1997, and the first NASCAR Busch Series (now the Xfinity Seriesrace was held on October 30, 1997. Auto Club Speedway lost its playoff date in 2011. Track length. The track length is , the interior test circuit is , the sports car course is , the Motorcycle course is , and the drag strip is . Lawrence J. DeNardis Lawrence Joseph "Larry" DeNardis (March 18, 1938 – August 24, 2018) was an American politician. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives for the state of Connecticut's 3rd congressional district from 1981 to 1983. He was also president of the University of New Haven. He announced on January 12, 2010, that he was forming an exploratory committee to run for Governor of Connecticut in 2010 as a Republican. DeNardis died from a short-illness in New Haven on August 24, 2018 at the age of 80. Michael Stonebraker Michael Ralph Stonebraker (born October 11, 1943) is an American computer scientist. He is the founder of many database companies, including Ingres Corporation, Illustra, Paradigm4, StreamBase Systems, Tamr, Vertica and VoltDB, and served as chief technical officer of Informix. He is also an editor for the book "Readings in Database Systems". Newburyport, Massachusetts Newburyport is a small city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, northeast of Boston. The population was 17,416 at the 2010 census. Denise Scott Brown Denise Scott Brown (née Lakofski; born October 3, 1931) is an American architect, planner, writer, educator, and principal. She worked for the firm Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates in Philadelphia. Scott Brown and her husband and partner, Robert Venturi, are thought as the most influential architects of the twentieth century. Beverly Willis Beverly Willis (born February 17, 1928) is an American architect. Beverly Willis’s life as an artist and architect begins here. Born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in 1928 and weaned on these Midwestern oil fields, Willis experienced an America awestruck by the machine, nostalgic for the days of westward expansion and determined to preserve its puritan ethic. Her best known built-work is the San Francisco Ballet Building in San Francisco, California. She is the co-founder of the National Building Museum, in Washington, D.C., and founder of the Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation, a non-profit organization working to change the culture for women in the building industry through research and education. Jacksonville Landing shooting The Jacksonville Landing shooting was a mass shooting that happened on August 26, 2018, at a "Madden NFL 19" video game tournament at the Jacksonville Landing in Jacksonville, Florida. Three people were killed, including the shooter, and eleven others were injured. The shooter, 24 year-old David Katz, was a competitor in the tournament who lost. He left and then came back with a gun and fired 12 shots. Katz was the only suspect and had only one handgun. In addition to the gunman, two people were confirmed killed: Taylor Robertson, age 27, and Eli Clayton, age 22. The Jacksonville Sheriff's Office urged individuals to stay away from the location at 2:13 p.m. EDT, and SWAT officers evacuated and searched the area. U.S. President Donald Trump contacted Florida Governor Rick Scott, offering federal assistance in response to the shooting. Elite Dangerous Elite Dangerous or "Elite: Dangerous" is an online-only space adventure, trading, and combat simulation video game made by Frontier Developments. The player is a spaceship pilot in a realistic recreation of the Milky Way. The people who made the game designed it to be very close to a exact copy of the Milky Way as possible. Margarita Mamun Margarita "Rita" Mamun (born November 1, 1995 in Moscow, Russia) is a retired Russian rhythmic gymnast. She won a gold medal in the individual all-around competition at the 2016 Rio Olympics. She has won fourteen World Championships medals, including two all-around silver medals in 2014 and 2015. Mamun starred in the documentary film "Over the Limit." Mamun has a Bangladeshi father and a Russian mother. Her mother is a former rhythmic gymnast. Mamun began training in rhythmic gymnastics when she was seven years old. As a junior gymnast, Mamun represented Bangladesh for one year. As a senior gymnast, she represented Russia. Mamun became a senior gymnast in 2011. That year, she won a bronze medal in the all-around and a gold medal in ball finals at the Montreal World Cup. In 2011, she was ranked twenty-second in the world. In 2012, Mamun won three bronze medals at the Deriugina World Cup. She also won the all-around gold at the Sofia World Cup, and won the team gold medal at the Aeon Cup. Mamun was ranked seventeenth in the world in 2012. She did not compete at the 2012 London Olympics. In 2013, Mamun competed at the Moscow Grand Prix and won the all-around gold medal. She also won three gold medals and one bronze in the apparatus finals. At the 2013 European Championships, Mamun and her teammates won team gold for Russia. She won a gold medal and three silver medals in the apparatus finals. Mamun competed at the 2013 Summer Universiade, where she won all-around gold and three gold medals in the apparatus finals. At the 2013 World Championships, Mamun won two gold medals and a bronze in the apparatus finals. She was ranked first in the world during the 2013 season. In 2014, Mamun again competed at the Moscow Grand Prix and won the all-around gold medal. She won three gold medals and one silver in the apparatus finals. Mamun competed at the 2014 European Championships, but only placed fifth in the all-around. At the 2014 World Championships, Mamun and her teammates won team gold. Mamun won the all-around silver medal, as well as two gold medals and two silvers in the apparatus finals. She was ranked second in the world in 2014. In 2015, she won gold in the all-around, ribbon final and hoop final at the Moscow Grand Prix. She also won bronze in the ball final. At the 2015 European Championships, Mamun and her teammates won team gold. She won gold in the hoop final and silver in the ball final. In 2015, the European Games were held for the first time. Mamun competed at the European Games and won the all-around silver and a gold medal in the hoop final. At the 2015 World Championships, Mamun and her teammates won team gold. Mamun won a gold medal and three silver medals. She was awarded the Longines Prize for Elegance. Mamun was ranked second in the world in 2015. In 2016, Mamun won the all-around silver at the Russian Championships. She also won the all-around silver at the 2016 European Championships. She won gold in the all-around at the 2016 Baku World Cup, and set a record by scoring the highest number of points ever in the all-around. Mamun competed in the 2016 Rio Olympics. She won the individual all-around gold medal and set an Olympic record, scoring the highest number of points ever at an Olympic Games. Mamun was ranked first in the world during the 2016 season. Sadly, two days after she won gold at the Olympics, Mamun's father died. Shortly after the 2016 Olympics, Mamun became engaged to Alexandr Sukhorukov. She married him in 2017. On November 4, 2017, Russian coach Irina Viner announced that Mamun was retiring from gymnastics. Henrik Thrap-Meyer Henrik Thrap-Meyer (31 July 1833 – 29 December 1910) was a Norwegian architect. He is most associated with a wide range of significant buildings, including churches and schools. Thrap-Meyer was born in Bergen, Norway. He was the son of Johan Jacob Busch Meyer (1801-1880) and Henriette Christiane Thrap (1812-1883). He was educated at Polytechnicum in Hannover and Zurich (1855–1860). He also conducted study trips to England 1870–71; Italy 1873; France 1878. FC Den Bosch FC Den Bosch is a football club that plays in the Netherlands. Krystyna Janda Krystyna Jolanta Janda (born 18 December 1952, in Starachowice, Poland) is a Polish film and theater actress best known for playing leading roles in several films by Polish director Andrzej Wajda, including "Man of Marble" ("Człowiek z marmuru", 1976) and "Man of Iron" ("Człowiek z żelaza", 1981). Life and work. Throughout her career, she has received numerous prestigious awards, such as Best Actress at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival, Silver Shell for Best Actress at the San Sebastian Film Festival for her role in Waldemar Krzystek's film "Zwolnienie z życia", Best Actress Award at the 1987 Montreal Film Festival for the role in Helma Sanders-Brahms's "Laputa", Best Actress Award at the Belgrade Film Festival for "Interrogation," the Zbigniew Cybulski Award for best young Polish actress, as well as 4 Golden Duck Awards. She is widely regarded as one of the greatest actresses in the history of Polish cinema and was selected in a 1998 "Polityka" magazine survey among the greatest actresses of the 20th century. In 2005, she established her own private "Polonia Theatre" in Warsaw. She is the founder and head of the Krystyna Janda Cultural Foundation.  Personal life. During 1974–1979 she was in a relationship with the actor Andrzej Seweryn. In 1981, she married Edward Kłosiński, who died on 5 January 2008. She has three children: daughter Maria Seweryn and two sons Adam and Jędrzej Kłosiński. Janda currently lives in Milanówek near Warsaw. The Stolen Child "The Stolen Child" is a poem by William Butler Yeats, published in 1889 in "The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems". Several critics praised the poem. Overview. The poem shows the early influence of Romantic literature and Pre-Raphaelite verse. The poem was first published in the "Irish Monthly" in December 1886. Photosphere A photosphere is a layer of stars from which light is radiated. It is the deepest region of a star that is transparent to photons of certain wavelengths. R Scuti R Scuti is a variable star located in the Scutum constellation. It is the first variable star discovered in its constellation. 119 Tauri 119 Tauri, also known as CE Tauri, is a red supergiant star located in the Taurus constellation. It has a diameter that is more than 590 times bigger than that of the Sun's. This is about 830 million kilometers. It has a diameter almost the size of Jupiter's orbit and can be easily seen in the night sky. Rusty Schweickart Russell Louis "Rusty" Schweickart (also Schweikart; born October 25, 1935) is an American aeronautical engineer, and a former NASA astronaut, research scientist, U.S. Air Force fighter pilot. He is also a former business executive and government executive. He is best known as the Lunar Module Pilot on the 1969 Apollo 9 mission, the first manned flight test of the Lunar Module. Schweickart was born in Neptune, New Jersey. He studied at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Loren Acton Loren Wilber Acton (born March 7, 1936) is an American physicist and politician. He flew on Space Shuttle mission STS-51-F as a Payload Specialist for the Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory. He was born Lewistown, Montana. He did scientific studies of the Sun and other celestial objects using advanced space instruments. He was a co-investigator on one of the Spacelab 2 solar experiments, the Solar Optical Universal Polarimeter. Acton ran for local office as a Montana state representative as a Democrat, but lost the election in 2006. Other websites. Lewistown, Montana Lewistown is a city in and the county seat of Fergus County, Montana, United States. The population was 5,901 at the 2010 census. Lewistown is located in central Montana, the geographic center of the state, southeast of Great Falls. Big Spring Creek (Montana) flows through the town. The Big Snowy Mountains are nearby. Globe, Arizona Globe (nicknamed: "Place of Metal") is a city in Gila County, Arizona, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 7,532. The city is the county seat of Gila County. Momo Challenge hoax The "Momo Challenge" is a hoax and urban legend about a social media challenge that did not exist. It was mainly spread on Facebook. The hoax says that victims are made to contact a "Momo" account through social media network WhatsApp. If they do, they get violent images, graphic threats and are told to do dangerous things, including suicide, record it on video and send it to "Momo". They might also say they are going to make their personal information public, hurt their family members, and some are even threatened with curses. An image of a woman with large eyes and mouth, which was shocking to some people, was used with the hoax. The hoax made people believe the "challenge" had caused many suicides, including one in Argentina, but this is not true according to police. The image used by Momo accounts is actually of a sculpture made by a Japanese artist, but some people thought it was a mask or makeup. 20 Fenchurch Street 20 Fenchurch Street is a commercial skyscraper in London that takes its name from its address on Fenchurch Street, in the historic City of London financial district. It has been nicknamed "The Walkie-Talkie" because of its distinctive shape. The 34-storey building is tall, making it the fifth-tallest building in the City of London. Designed by architect Rafael Viñoly and costing over £200 million, 20 Fenchurch Street features a highly distinctive top-heavy form which appears to burst upward and outward. A large viewing deck, bar and restaurants are included on the top three floors; these are open to the public. The tower was originally proposed at nearly tall but its design was scaled down after concerns about its visual impact on the nearby St Paul's Cathedral and Tower of London. It was subsequently approved in 2006 with the revised height. Even after the height reduction there were continued concerns from heritage groups about its impact on the surrounding area. The project was consequently the subject of a public inquiry; in 2007 this ruled in the developers' favour and the building was granted full planning permission. In their preliminary results for 2007, joint-developers Land Securities and Canary Wharf Group said 20 Fenchurch Street would be completed in 2011, however in 2009 during the depths of the Great Recession, the estimated completion was changed to 2014. Pope Damasus I Pope Damasus I (; c. 305 – 11 December 384) was Pope of the Catholic Church. He was Pope From October 366 to his death in 384. He was born in Rome, Western Roman Empire. He is recognized as a saint by the Catholic Church. His feast day is December 11. WhatsApp WhatsApp Messenger is a freeware and cross-platform messaging and voice over IP (VoIP) service owned by Meta. The application allows the sending of text messages and voice calls, as well as video calls, images and other media, documents, and user location. The application runs from a mobile device though it is also accessible from desktop computers. The service requires consumer users to provide a standard cellular mobile number. Originally users could only communicate with other users individually or in groups of individual users. In September 2017 WhatsApp announced a forthcoming business platform which will enable companies to provide customer service to users. Oberndorf am Lech Oberndorf is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. Oettingen in Bayern Oettingen in Bayern also spelled Oettingen in Baiern (, lit. 'Oettingen in Bavaria') is a town in the Donau-Ries district, in Swabia, Bavaria. It is northwest of Donauwörth, and northeast of Nördlingen. Otting Otting is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. Rain, Swabia Rain (also: "Rain (Lech)") is a town in the Donau-Ries district, in Bavaria, Germany. It is on the river Lech, close to where it joins with the Danube, 11 km east of Donauwörth. Reimlingen Reimlingen is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. Rögling Rögling is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. Tapfheim Tapfheim is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. Wallerstein, Bavaria Wallerstein is a municipality and former principality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. Wechingen Wechingen is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. Wemding Wemding is a town in the Donau-Ries district of Bavaria, Germany. Wolferstadt Wolferstadt is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. Job Control Language Job Control Language (JCL) is a name for scripting languages used on IBM mainframe operating systems. It instructs the system on how to run a batch job or start a subsystem. The purpose of JCL is to say which programs to run, using which files or devices for input or output. It can indicate under what conditions to skip a step. There are two distinct IBM Job Control languages: They share some basic syntax rules and a few basic concepts, but are otherwise very different. Bodolz Bodolz is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany. Gestratz Gestratz is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany. Grünenbach Grünenbach is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany. Heimenkirch Heimenkirch is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany. Hergatz Hergatz is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany. Hergensweiler Hergensweiler is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany. It is member of the municipal association of Sigmarszell. Lindenberg im Allgäu Lindenberg im Allgäu is the second largest town of the district of Lindau in Bavaria, Germany. It is an air health resort. Maierhöfen Maierhöfen is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany. It is in the Allgäu region. Jo Swinson Joanne Kate "Jo" Swinson (born 5 February 1980) is a British politician who was the Leader of the Liberal Democrats from 22 July 2019 to 12 December 2019. Before this She was the Deputy Leader of the Liberal Democrats from 2017. She was a member of the UK Parliament for an area in Scotland called "East Dunbartonshire". On 30 May 2019, Swinson announced her plans to run as Vince Cable's replacement for party leader. She won the leadership contest beating Ed Davey. Swinson led her party in the 2019 general election. She lost her seat to the Scottish National Party and immediately resigned as party leader. Nonnenhorn Nonnenhorn is one of the three Bavarian towns on Lake Constance in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany. It is an air health resort and a famous wine town. It is between Wasserburg am Bodensee and Kressbronn am Bodensee (Baden-Württemberg). Oberreute Oberreute is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany and member of the municipal association of Stiefenhofen. It is an air health resort. Oberreute is in the Allgäu region. Opfenbach Opfenbach is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany. Röthenbach (Allgäu) Röthenbach (Allgäu) is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany. It is the seat of the municipal association Röthenbach. Scheidegg, Bavaria Scheidegg is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany. It is a licensed Kneipp cure spa and air health resort. Podklanc Podklanc () is a settlement on the left bank of the Meža River south of Dravograd in the Carinthia region in northern Slovenia. Municipality of Radovljica The Municipality of Radovljica (; ) is a municipality in the Upper Carniola region of northern Slovenia. The capital of the municipality is the town of Radovljica. The municipality has around 18,000 inhabitants and an area of . It is located at the southern slope of the Karawanks mountain range at the confluence of the Sava Dolinka and the Sava Bohinjka, both headwaters of the Sava River. Wild Frontier Wild Frontier is the sixth solo studio album by Irish guitarist Gary Moore, released in 1987. His first studio effort after a trip back to his native Belfast, Northern Ireland in 1985. The album contains several songs about Ireland and even the music itself is steeped in Celtic roots. The album is dedicated to the memory of Moore's close friend and former Thin Lizzy bandmate Phil Lynott, who died on 4 January 1986, with the words "For Philip" on the rear cover. "Wild Frontier" contains the hit single "Over the Hills and Far Away", which reached No. 20 in the UK, as well as a cover of the Easybeats' song "Friday on My Mind". The Max Middleton-penned "The Loner" which was originally recorded by Cozy Powell for his "Over the Top" album in 1979 (on which Moore performed, but not on Powell's recording of "The Loner"). The track was substantially altered by Moore for his own recording, that is why he is credited as a co-writer. All drums on "Wild Frontier" are sequenced with a drum machine, although the programming is uncredited in the liner notes of the album. Future Toto drummer Simon Phillips would appear on the music video for "Over the Hills and Far Away," as well in early promotions for the album. He would be replaced by former Black Sabbath drummer Eric Singer for the tour, before leaving shortly afterwards to form Badlands. "Over the Hills and Far Away" was covered by the Finnish symphonic power metal band Nightwish on their 2001 EP of the same title, and by Swedish viking metal band Thyrfing on their album "Urkraft". The Spanish band Saurom also recorded a cover of this song with alternative lyrics, titled "La Disolución de la Comunidad". Quatermass II Quatermass II is a British science-fiction series, originally broadcast by BBC Television in the autumn of 1955. It is the second in the "Quatermass" series by writer Nigel Kneale, and the oldest of those serials to survive in its entirety in the BBC archives. Although sometimes compared unfavourably to the first and third "Quatermass" serials, "Quatermass II" was praised for its allegorical concerns of the damaging effects of industrialisation and the corruption of governments by big business. It is described on the British Film Institute's "Screenonline" website as "compulsive viewing." Production. On 22 September 1955 the ITV network was launched in the UK, bringing commercial television to Britain for the first time and ending the BBC's broadcasting monopoly in the country. The new network's creation had been established by the Television Act 1954, and the BBC had known in advance that they would need programmes to combat the new rival for television audiences. Referring to the 1953 science-fiction serial "The Quatermass Experiment" in a memo written in 1954, BBC Television's Controller of Programmes, Cecil McGivern, noted that: "Had competitive television been in existence then, we would have killed it every Saturday night while ["The Quatermass Experiment"] lasted. We are going to need "many" more 'Quatermass Experiment' programmes." Casting and crew. Reginald Tate, who had played the title role in "The Quatermass Experiment", collapsed and died on 23 August 1955, aged 58. This was less than a month before the shooting of the location filming for "Quatermass II" began, and necessitated the casting of a replacement lead actor at short notice; John Robinson was chosen to fill the part. Robinson was an experienced actor from a range of different films and television programmes since the 1930s, but was uncomfortable about taking over from Tate, and had difficulty in learning some of the technical dialogue he was required to deliver. Robinson's delivery of his lines has been criticised by some later reviewers. Reception and influence. The available British television audience had doubled since "The Quatermass Experiment" had been shown in 1953, and the viewing figures for "Quatermass II" were accordingly higher. The series gained an audience of 7.9 million viewers for its first three episodes, which rised to 8.3 million for the fourth and fifth and concluded with 9 million. A BBC audience research report commissioned after "Quatermass II" had finished found that 90% of those questioned in the sample had watched at least five episodes of the production. Other media. As with "The Quatermass Xperiment", the film rights to the series were purchased by Hammer Film Productions — in this case after they had only read the scripts, before the series was even made. Titled "Quatermass 2", the film was released in 1957 and once again directed by Val Guest, with Brian Donlevy starring; unlike the first film, Kneale wrote the screenplay himself. In the United States, the film was released under the title "Enemy from Space". In April 2005 BBC Worldwide released a DVD box set of all their existing "Quatermass" material. This included digitally restored versions of all six episodes of "Quatermass II", with the sound and vision of the recordings cleaned up as far as possible, and some of the existing special effects inserts that survived on their original film elements being re-inserted into the episodes. In 2016 released "Quatermass II" and "Quatermass and the Pit". Social Democratic Party (UK) The Social Democratic Party (also known as the SDP) was a centrist political party that was made by Labour Party politicians in 1981 who did not like how left-wing the party was becoming. The SDP was founded on 26 March 1981 by four senior Labour Party moderates, dubbed the "Gang of Four": Roy Jenkins, David Owen, Bill Rodgers and Shirley Williams. They allied with the Liberals, winning 25% of the vote in 1983 and 23% in 1987. The alliance between the SDP and the Liberals was called the "SDP-Liberal Alliance". The SDP and Liberals merged in 1988 to form the Liberal Democrats. M50 motorway (Great Britain) The M50 is a motorway in South West England. It goes from from the M5 to near Ross-on-Wye. Together with the A40 and A449, it links the West Midlands to South Wales. It is about . Junctions. ! mile ! Eastbound exits (B carriageway) ! Junction ! Westbound exits (A carriageway) ! Coordinates Hereford (A438) Electric beacon In navigation, an electric beacon (or electromagnetic beacon) is a kind of beacon, as a device which sends a signal and marks a fixed location and allows direction finding equipment to find relative bearing, as the direction to the beacon. The most common are radio beacons, which broadcast a radio signal which is picked up by radio direction finding systems on ships, aircraft or cars to determine the bearing to the beacon. However, the term "beacon" also covers infrared and sonar beacons. Sigmarszell Sigmarszell is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany. Stiefenhofen Stiefenhofen is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany. It is the seat of the administrative community of Stiefenhofen. Wasserburg am Bodensee Wasserburg am Bodensee is one of the three Bavarian municipalities on Lake Constance. It is a well known resort, since the atmosphere is thought to be healthy. Weiler-Simmerberg Weiler-Simmerberg is a market town in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany. Weißensberg Weißensberg is a municipality in the district of Lindau in Bavaria in Germany. Gudiyattam taluk Gudiyattam taluk is a taluk in Vellore district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Gudiyattam. Binary solution A binary solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more than two substances whose composition can change within a certain limits. The boiling point of binary solution depends upon the solution composition and there can be three cases: 25 Old Broad Street Tower 42 is the third-tallest skyscraper in the City of London and the eighth tallest in Greater London. Its original name was the National Westminster Tower, having been built to house the National Westminster Bank's international division. Seen from above, the shape of the tower resembles that of the NatWest logo (three chevrons in a hexagonal arrangement). The tower, designed by Richard Seifert and engineered by Pell Frischmann, is located at 25 Old Broad Street. It was built by John Mowlem & Co between 1971 and 1980, first occupied in 1980, and formally opened on 11 June 1981 by Queen Elizabeth II. The construction cost was £72 million (approximately £ today). It is high, which made it the tallest building in the United Kingdom until the topping out of One Canada Square at Canary Wharf in 1990. It held the status of tallest building in the City of London for 30 years, until it was surpassed by the Heron Tower in December 2009. The building today is multi-tenanted and comprises Grade A office space and restaurant facilities, with one restaurant situated on the 24th floor, and the other, a champagne and seafood bar, on the 42nd floor. In 2011 it was bought by the South African businessman Nathan Kirsh for £282.5 million. Asteroid impact prediction Asteroid impact prediction warns about asteroids hitting Earth, and when and where they will hit the Earth. Most asteroids will not hit Earth. Asteroid impact prediction works by finding the ones that will hit Earth. It finds asteroids that might hit Earth in the future. This works well for big asteroids as they can be seen easily from a long distance, many years before they come close to Earth. There aren't many big asteroids, but there are millions of smaller space rocks. They are not normally bright enough to see until they are close to Earth. We use telescopes to find the asteroids that are going to hit Earth soon. The telescopes are not good enough to see the small asteroids unless everything is perfect. Because of this we almost never see them before they hit Earth. NASA Sentry system. The IAU Minor Planet Center (MPC) looks after all the asteroid information in the world. NASA's Sentry System is always checking the MPC asteroid information. It checks if any asteroids could hit earth in the future. It has not yet found any. The asteroid which is most likely to hit Earth is called . NASA thinks it will pass Earth in September 2095. They think it has less than a 1 in 10 chance of hitting Earth. Making impact prediction better. In the early 21st century impact prediction usually doesn't work. Almost all of the asteroids that hit Earth are a surprise. NASA wants to get better at impact prediction by building more powerful telescopes. A big new telescope, made for searching, is being built in northern Chile called the LSST. It is very big and will take years to build. It should be ready by 2023. When it is ready the powerful telescope should be a lot better at seeing small asteroids. Telescopes on the Earth can only see part of the sky. They won't be able to see any asteroids coming from near the direction of the Sun because of the blue sky during the day. A telescope in space doesn't have that problem. It can see much more of the sky around Earth. It can keep looking all through the day and night and there are no clouds or rain in space. Telescopes in space can also use infrared heat radiation to find asteroids. Looking for that kind of light is an especially good way of finding asteroids. This method doesn't work on Earth because the air is too warm. Heat radiation from warm air hides the heat radiation that comes from the asteroids. Space telescopes are better in a lot of ways, but they cost more money. Also, they don't last as long as telescopes on the ground. In 2017 NASA had lots of ideas to help find smaller asteroids. They want to find 9 out of 10 of the asteroids that are bigger than 140 metres (as long as two jumbo jets). The ideas should help find asteroids which are smaller than 140 metres long too. Quite a lot of the ideas use a new telescope on the ground working with a new space telescope. An example telescope on the ground is LSST. An example telescope in space is NEOCAM, but nobody has started building it. These new telescopes will be expensive. But, NASA has done most of the work finding asteroids already. Out of all the asteroids ever found, NASA has found more than 9 out of 10 of them. Asteroids hit all over Earth, not just the USA where NASA is from. Because of this, NASA was asked by the United States government to find other countries to help. They need other countries to help make the telescopes and help pay for them. List of when it worked. Below is the list of all the times when asteroid impact prediction worked. When it worked, the space rocks which hit the Earth were not a surprise. There are lots of asteroids which will hit Earth in the future. They are not in the list because we don't know about any of them yet. If we get better at asteroid impact prediction we will find out about them. Then we will know what asteroids are going to hit us in the future. International International mostly means something (a company, language, or organization) involving more than a single country. The term international as a word means involvement of, interaction between or encompassing more than one nation, or generally beyond national boundaries. For example, international law, which is applied by more than one country and usually everywhere on Earth, and international language which is a language spoken by residents of more than one country. Origin of the word. The term "international" was coined by the utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham in his "Introduction to Principles of Morals and Legislation", which was printed for publication in 1780 and published in 1789. Bentham wrote: "The word "international", it must be acknowledged, is a new one; though, it is hoped, sufficiently analogous and intelligible. It is calculated to express, in a more significant way, the branch of law which goes commonly under the name of the "law of nations". The word was adopted in French in 1801. Thomas Erskine Holland noted in his article on Bentham in the 11th edition of the "Encyclopædia Britannica" that "Many of Bentham's phrases, such as 'international,' 'utilitarian,' 'codification,' are valuable additions to our language; but the majority of them, especially those of Greek derivation, have taken no root in it." Meaning in particular fields. "International" is also sometimes used as a synonym for "global". Nicholas Roerich Nicholas Roerich (; October 9, 1874 – December 13, 1947) – also known as Nikolai Konstantinovich Rerikh () – was a Russian painter, writer, archaeologist and theosophist. Some people in Russia thought of him as an enlightener, philosopher, and public figure. He was interested in hypnosis and other spiritual practices. His paintings are said to have hypnotic expression. He was born in Saint Petersburg to a Russian mother and a Baltic German father. Roerich was an activist for the preserving of art and architecture during war time. He earned several nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize long list. The Roerich Pact which was signed into law in 1935 by the United States and most nations of the Pan-American Union was named after him. Plate armour Plate armour is a type of body armour made from iron or steel plates. The iconic suit of armour that entirely covers the wearer is plate armour. The earliest example of plate armour is the Roman army's Lorica segmentata. However full plate armour was mainly made in Europe in the late middle ages. This was an improvement on the coat of plates that had been worn over chain mail in the 13th century. It reached its peak popularity in the 15th and 16th centuries. It is often associated with medieval knights, since modified plate armour was used in jousting. However after 1650 only the breastplate was generally worn. This is because the musket was created: the musket could pierce plate armour over long distances. Harry Connick Sr. Joseph Harry Fowler Connick Sr. (born March 27, 1926) is an American attorney. He is best known for being the district attorney of the Parish of Orleans from 1973 to 2003. His son, Harry Connick Jr., is a jazz singer, pianist, actor, and humanitarian. Philip Zimbardo Philip George Zimbardo (; born March 23, 1933) is an American psychologist. He is a professor emeritus at Stanford University. Zimbardo became known for his 1971 Stanford prison experiment. He wrote many introductory psychology books, textbooks for college students, and other notable works, including "The Lucifer Effect", "The Time Paradox", and "The Time Cure". He is also the founder and president of the Heroic Imagination Project. Zimbardo was born in New York City. He studied at Brooklyn College and later at Yale University. He is married to Christina Maslach. Manhasset, New York Manhasset is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Nassau County, New York, on the North Shore of Long Island. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 8,080. It is a suburb of New York City. Olivia Thirlby Olivia Jo Thirlby (born October 6, 1986) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Leah in "Juno" (2007), as Natalie in "The Darkest Hour" (2011) and as Judge Cassandra Anderson in "Dredd" (2012). Rosa Maria Carrasco i Azemar Rosa Maria Carrasco i Azemar (2 July 1936 – 6 August 2018) was a Spanish politician. She was born in Barcelona. She was known as one of the founders of the Democrats of Catalonia party. Carrasco Azemar died in Barcelona from a stroke on 6 August 2018, aged 82. Dominik Kalata Dominik Kalata, SJ, (19 May 1925 – 23 August 2018) was a Slovakian Roman Catholic prelate. He was a titular bishop of Semta. Kalata was ordained as a Catholic priest on August 12, 1951 and clandestinely as bishop in September 9, 1955. In March 16, 1985 he was appointed as titular bishop. Kalata died on August 23, 2018 in Ivanka pri Dunaji, Slovakia from congestive heart failure, aged 93. Rosa Bouglione Rosa Bouglione (née Van Been; 21 December 1910 – 26 August 2018) was a French circus performer. She was the matriarch of the Bouglione circus family. Bouglione was born in Ixelles, Belgium to a French family. Bouglione began performing as a child. She was known for a dance she would do with her father in a cage full of lions. Bouglione died in Paris on 26 August 2018 at the age of 107. Kerry Hill Kerry Hill AO (1943– 26 August 2018) was an Australian architect. He was known for his hotel designs in tropical Asia. He was born in Perth, Western Australia. Hill's best known works are State Theatre Centre of Western Australia and the City of Perth Library. Most of his works were also in Perth and Sydney. Hill died on 26 August 2018 in Perth at the age of 75. Tony Hiller Anthony Toby Hiller (30 July 1927 – 26 August 2018) was an British songwriter and record producer. He was best known for writing and/or producing hits for Brotherhood of Man such as "United We Stand" (1970) and "Save Your Kisses for Me" (1976). He was born in London. Hiller died in London on 26 August 2018 at the age of 91. Dale M. Cochran Dale M. Cochran (November 20, 1928 – August 27, 2018) was an American politician. He was born in Fort Dodge, Iowa. He was a member of the Iowa House of Representatives from 1965 to 1987. From 1975 to 1978, Cochran was Speaker of the House. A Democrat, he as the Iowa Secretary of Agriculture from 1987 to 1998. Cochran died in Des Moines, Iowa on August 27, 2018 from stomach cancer at the age of 89. Mirka Mora Mirka Madeleine Mora (18 March 1928 – 27 August 2018) was a French-born Australian visual artist and cultural figure. She was born in Paris. Her work led to the creation of contemporary art in Australia. Her media included drawing, painting, sculpture and mosaic. In 2002 Mora was made an "Officier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres" by the French Minister of Culture and Communication. Mora died, aged 90, in Melbourne on 27 August 2018 from complications of Alzheimer's disease. Fredd Wayne Fredd Wayne (October 17, 1924 – August 27, 2018) was an American actor and columnist. He was best known for his role as Benjamin Franklin in "Bewitched". He was also known for his work as "G.I. Carmen" in the United States Army. Wayne was born in Akron, Ohio. Wayne wrote articles for "The New York Times", "Playboy", and "The Los Angeles Times". Wayne died in Santa Monica, California from a heart attack on August 27, 2018, aged 93. John Culver John Chester Culver (August 8, 1932 – December 26, 2018) was an American politician, writer and lawyer. He represented Iowa in both the United States House of Representatives from 1965 to 1975 and the United States Senate from 1975 to 1981. He was a member of the Democratic Party. His son was Chet Culver, who was Governor of Iowa from 2007 to 2011. Culver died on December 26, 2018 in Washington, D.C. at the age of 86. Murray Westgate Murray Westgate (April 16, 1918 – August 27, 2018) was a Canadian actor. He was best known for his longtime role as a television pitchman in Canadian commercials for Esso on "Hockey Night in Canada" in the 1950s and 1960s. He was also known for his roles in "Blue City Slammers" and for his role in the adaptation of "Two Solitudes", as the Prime Minister of Canada. Josep Fontana Josep Fontana i Lázaro (20 November 1931 – 28 August 2018) was a Spanish historian. He was born in Barcelona. He taught economic, the role between history, law and economics and contemporary history at the University of Barcelona, the University of Valencia and at the Autonomous University of Barcelona. Fontana died of heart failure in Barcelona on 28 August 2018 at the age of 86. Andrew Gillum Andrew Demese Gillum (born July 26, 1979) is an American politician. He has been the Mayor of Tallahassee, Florida from the years 2014 to 2018. At the age of 23, Gillum became the youngest person ever elected to the Tallahassee City Commission in February 2003. On August 28, 2018, Gillum won the Democratic nomination for Governor of Florida when he won the Democratic primary election even though he was losing in the polls. He lost the general election to his Republican opponent Ron DeSantis in the general election. His campaign for governor has been endorsed by Senator Bernie Sanders. He was once considered by Hillary Clinton to be her Vice President choice after an email hack released a list of possible picks. Randy Bryce Randall John Bryce (born December 9, 1964) is an American ironworker and politician. He was a candidate for Wisconsin's 1st congressional district in the 2018 midterm elections. Bryce has been nicknamed "IronStache" because of his career as an ironworker and for his mustache. His campaign has been endorsed by Senator Bernie Sanders prompting his campaign to become popular. Bryce was originally going to face current Speaker Paul Ryan in the election, but he retired and instead faced and lost to Bryan Steil. Garnett, Kansas Garnett is a city in and the county seat of Anderson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 3,415. Paula Hawkins Paula Hawkins (born 26 August 1972 in Salisbury, Rhodesia) is a British author. She is known for her best selling novels "The Girl on the Train" and "Into the Water". Biography. Hawkins was born in Salisbury (now Harare, Zimbabwe) in 1972. Hawkins attended Arundel School in Harare and Collingham College in London. She has also worked with "The Times" as a journalist. Her 2015 novel, "The Girl on the Train" was adapted into film by same name featuring Emily Blunt in 2016. Hawkins has also written four romantic fictions under the name "Amy Silver". Mary Joe Fernández Mary Joe Fernández (born August 19, 1972) is a retired professional tennis player from the United States. Fernández has won three Olympic medals and two Grand Slam women's doubles titles. Important finals. Olympics. Singles: 1 medal (1 bronze medal). Mary Joe Fernández lost in the semi-finals to Steffi Graf 6–4, 6–2. In 1992, there was no bronze medal play off match, both beaten semi-final players received bronze medals. Colin Trevorrow Colin T. Trevorrow (born September 13, 1976) is an American movie director and screenwriter. He is best known for directing the indie movie "Safety Not Guaranteed" (2012) and the blockbuster movie "Jurassic World" (2015). He also co-wrote the script for "Jurassic World" and its first sequel ' (2018). He will direct the second sequel ' (2022). Trevorrow was born in San Francisco, California. He grew up in Oakland, California. He has Jewish ancestry on his mother's side. He is married to Isabelle. The couple live with their two children in England. J. A. Bayona Juan Antonio García Bayona (born 9 May 1975) is a Spanish movie director. He is best known for directing the movies "The Orphanage" (2007), "The Impossible" (2012), "A Monster Calls" (2016) and "" (2018). He has also directed two episodes of the television series "Penny Dreadful". Bayona was born in Barcelona, Catalonia. Ell & Nikki Ell & Nikki, also known as Eldar & Nigar, are an Azerbaijani pop duo consisting of singers Eldar Gasimov and Nigar Jamal. On 14 May 2011 they won the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 for Azerbaijan with their entry "Running Scared". It was the country's first ever win at the contest. Although Nigar Jamal represented Azerbaijan, she lives in Enfield, North London. Band history. Eurovision win. In the 2011 Eurovision song contest Eldar Gasimov and Nigar Jamal performed together under the duo name Ell & Nikki. As the contest was taking place in a Western European country, the name change was made to prevent confusion of Jamal's first name being interpreted as a racial slur. Their entry, named "Running Scared", was written by Stefan Örn and Sandra Bjurman from Sweden and Iain Farquharson from the UK. The performance included four backing vocalists and singers, including Jessica Marberger and Vera Prada who had earlier in the year attempted to represent Sweden as part of Shirley's Angels. Waterloo (ABBA song) "Waterloo" is the first single from the Swedish pop group ABBA's second album, "Waterloo" and their first under the Epic and Atlantic labels. This was also the first single to be credited to the group performing under the name ABBA. On 6 April 1974 the song was the winning entry for Sweden in the 1974 Eurovision Song Contest. The victory began ABBA's path to worldwide fame. The Swedish version of the single was a double A-side with "Honey, Honey" (Swedish version), while the English version usually featured "Watch Out" on the B-side. The single became a No. 1 hit in several countries. It reached the U.S. Top 10 and went on to sell nearly six million copies, making it one of the best-selling singles of all time. At the 50th anniversary celebration of the Eurovision Song Contest in 2005, it was chosen as the best song in the competition's history. At Eurovision. The band considered submitting another song to Eurovision, "Hasta Mañana", but decided on "Waterloo" since it gave equal weight to both lead vocalists Agnetha Fältskog and Anni-Frid Lyngstad, while "Hasta Mañana" was sung only by Fältskog. ABBA performed the song at Melodifestivalen 1974 in February, singing it in Swedish. The song won, and therefore advanced to Eurovision. The song differed from the standard "dramatic ballad" tradition of the Eurovision Song Contest by its flavour and rhythm, as well as by its performance. ABBA gave the audience something that had more rarely been seen before in Eurovision: flashy costumes (including silver platform boots), plus a catchy uptempo song and even simple choreography. The group also broke from convention by being the first winning entry in a language other than that of their home country; prior to 1973 all Eurovision singers had been required to sing in their country's native tongue, a restriction that was lifted briefly for the contests between 1973 and 1976 contests (thus allowing "Waterloo" to be sung in English), then reinstated before ultimately being removed again in 1999. Compared to later ABBA releases, the singers' Swedish accents are decidedly more pronounced in "Waterloo". The song won the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 final on 6 April, beating runner-up Gigliola Cinquetti of Italy's entry "Sì" by six points. Richard D'Oyly Carte Richard D'Oyly Carte (3 May 1844 – 3 April 1901) was an English talent agent, theatrical impresario, composer and hotelier during the second half of the Victorian era. From humble beginnings, Carte built two of London's theatres and a hotel empire. He established an opera company that ran for over a hundred years, and a management agency for some of the most important artists of the day. He built the Savoy Theatre and helped Gilbert & Sullivan to become famous. 78 (number) Seventy-eight is a number. It comes between seventy-seven and seventy-nine, and is an even number. Gareth Edwards Sir Gareth Owen Edwards (born 12 July 1947) is a former Welsh rugby union player. He played as a scrum-half. He played for Wales between 1967 and 1978, making 53 appearances. He also played for the British Lions 10 times. He has been called the greatest Welsh rugby player of all time by the BBC. He was also the scorer of the try that has been called "the greatest of all time" for the Barbarians against New Zealand in 1973. Edwards was born in Gwaun-Cae-Gurwen, Glamorgan. He is married to Maureen Edwards. Gareth Edwards (director) Gareth James Edwards (born 13 July 1975) is a British movie director, producer, screenwriter and visual effects artist. He is best known for directing the movies "Monsters" (2010), "Godzilla" (2014) and ' (2016). He has had small acting roles in "Rogue One" and ' (2017). Edwards was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire, England. His parents are from Wales. Electronic system A electronic system that is powered by electricity, and it processes informations, data, or any raw material from input into a desired output for further usage in life. Timon, Louisiana Timon is an unincorporated community located on Louisiana Highway 1 in Natchitoches Parish in the state of Louisiana in the United States. Sriti Jha Sriti Jha (born 26 February 1986) is an Indian television actress. She was born in Begusarai, Bihar. Jha has worked on television shows including "Jyoti", "Jiya Jale", "Dil Se Di Dua... Saubhagyavati Bhava?", and "Balika Vadhu". She is currently playing a lead role of Pragya Abhishek Mehra in Zee TV's Kumkum Bhagya. Eurovision Song Contest 2007 The Eurovision Song Contest 2007 was the 52nd edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Helsinki, Finland, following Lordi's win at the 2006 contest in Athens, Greece with the song "Hard Rock Hallelujah". The contest was held at the Hartwall Areena in Helsinki, Finland from 10 May to 12 May, and staged by host broadcaster Yle. A budget of €13 million was presented for arranging the contest. Other bids to host the contest came from Espoo, Turku and Tampere. The hosts were Finnish television personality Jaana Pelkonen and Finnish musician, stage performer and actor Mikko Leppilampi. Krisse Salminen acted as guest host in the green room, and reported from the crowds at the Senate Square. A record number of 42 countries participated. The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) put aside its limit of 40 countries, which would have meant excluding some countries using a ranking order scheme. The winner was Serbia, appearing as an independent country for the first time. After Lordi scored the first ever Eurovision victory with a hard rock song, several countries sent rock songs to the Contest rather than the soft pop and schlager styles more closely associated with Eurovision. This trend continued at the 2008 and 2009 Contests. Cyprus and Latvia entered songs in languages other than their own or English. Although this happened with the Belgium 2003 entry, this was the first time the contest featured countries doing this with actual languages as opposed to an imaginary one. Participating countries. Participating countries in a Eurovision Song Contest must be active members of the EBU. 42 countries submitted preliminary applications. Although in previous years the maximum number of participating countries was 40, the EBU allowed all 42 to participate in 2007. The Czech Republic, Serbia, Montenegro and Georgia all entered the contest for the first time in 2007. Monaco announced its withdrawal on 12 December 2006, and the EBU announced the final lineup of 42 countries on 15 December 2006. Returning artists. Evridiki returned to represent Cyprus, having previously represented the nation in 1992 and 1994. Eiríkur Hauksson previously represented Iceland in 1986 as part of the vocal trio ICY and he previously represented Norway in 1991 as part of the group Just 4 Fun. Karolina Gočeva previously represented Macedonia in 2002. Edsilia Rombley previously represented the Netherlands in 1998. Semi-final. The semi-final was held on 10 May 2007 at 21:00 (CET). 28 countries performed and all 42 participants voted. Countries qualified for the final are highlighted. Notes Final. The finalists were: The final was held on 12 May 2007 at 21:00 (CET) and was won by Serbia. Notes David Owen David Owen (David Anthony Llewellyn Owen, Baron Owen CH PC FRCP, born 2 July 1938) is a British politician and physician. Owen served as British Foreign Secretary from 1977 to 1979. At 38 he was the youngest person in over forty years to hold the post. In 1981, Owen was one of the "Gang of Four" who left the Labour Party to found the Social Democratic Party (SDP). Owen led the SDP from 1983 to 1987, and the continuing SDP from 1988 to 1990. He sat in the House of Lords as a crossbencher until March 2014, and now sits as an independent social democrat. Owen is widely regarded as one of the key politicians of the 1970s and 1980s. Cassoulet Cassoulet is a casserole made particularly in the south of France. It is called after its traditional cooking vessel, the "cassole", a deep, round, earthenware pot with slanting sides. The name comes from the Occitan "caçolet" (or "cassolet)." It contains meat (usually pork sausages, goose, duck and sometimes mutton), pork skin ("couennes") and white beans (haricots blancs). It may be baked with an open or a closed top. The homeland of cassoulet is the province of Languedoc, especially the towns of Toulouse, Carcassonne, and Castelnaudary. The brotherhood of Cassoulet "La Grande Confrérie du Cassoulet de Castelnaudary" organizes competitions and fairs about Cassoulet. Pyramids (novel) Pyramids is a fantasy book by Terry Pratchett. It was published in 1989 and it is the seventh book in the Discworld series. It won a British Science Fiction award in 1989. Plot. The main character in the story is a young man called Pteppic who is the crown prince of Djelibeybi, a small country similar to Ancient Egypt. Pteppic returns to rule the country after training as an assassin. Reception. The Guardian said the books "juggle thoughtful ideas with a compelling structure." The Metro said that it "taught us everything we need to know about religion." Denzil Minnan-Wong Denzil Minnan-Wong (; born ) is a Canadian politician. He is a Toronto city councillor. He is the person that represents Ward 16, an area of Toronto. He is a chairperson of the Employee and Labour Relations Committee in Toronto's municipal government and is also the deputy mayor of Toronto. He is also part of the board of the Toronto Transit Commission and the Toronto Hydro. In 2018, he ran for election in the 2018 Ontario election in Don Valley East. He represented the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario. City politics. Minnan-Wong first got into city politics in 1994. This was when one of the councillors of North York, Barry Burton, died of cancer. The city council made him a temporary councillor. After that, in the elections later that year, he was elected in. In the 1997 elections, he was elected to the new city council. This was after the amalgamation of Toronto. In 2011, he supported outsourcing garbage collection. His plan was to outsource garbage collection in the western part of Toronto. This saved the Toronto government $12 million a year. He also supported adding bike lanes to the streets of downtown Toronto. He opposed creating bike lanes before learning how to ride a bike. This created several bike lanes in downtown Toronto. Afterwards, Minnan-Wong helped get Bixi, a bike sharing company, to become operated by the Toronto Parking Authority. This was because Bixi was in debt. In December 2010, the Toronto City Council put him on the TTC board of directors. He was one of the five people that voted to fire Gary Webster in 2012, who was the General Manager of the TTC. After the firing of Webster, the five people were removed from the TTC Board. They were removed because many of the councillors did not agree with Rob Ford. In 2014 he was put back on the TTC board after John Tory was elected as mayor. After the provincial election, Minnan-Wong ran for councillor again in the 2018 municipal election. He ran in the new Ward 16 Don Valley East. Before the 2018 election, the Government of Ontario made the number of councillors in the Toronto City Council smaller. He defeated a former politician, David Caplan. In 2014, John Tory made him one of the deputy mayors of Toronto. Provincial politics. Minnan-Wong got into provincial politics for a short amount of time. On 20 January 2018, the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario announced that he would be their candidate for Don Valley East. In the Ontario election, he did not win and instead was second in amount of votes. The person that beat him was the Liberal politician Michael Coteau. Personal life. Minnan-Wong's father is Denzil Minnan-Wong, Sr. Minnan-Wong, Sr. was a Chinese immigrant that became a well-known member of the Progressive Conservative Party. He went to university at Osgoode Hall Law School. After this, he became a lawyer that would deal with immigration problems. Minnan-Wong lives in Toronto. He is married and has three children. Vaxxed Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe is a 2016 American movie pretending that there was a cover-up by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of a possible link between the MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine and autism. People were scared that vaccines might cause autism after an English doctor called Andrew Wakefield wrote a scientific article that said that they did. It was a fraud. When the General Medical Council found out, they took away his licence to be a doctor. The Vaxxed film was made by Andrew Wakefield. Scientists have looked carefully at the MMR vaccine and found that it does not cause autism. According to "Variety magazine", the film "purports to investigate the claims of a senior scientist at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention who revealed that the CDC had allegedly manipulated and destroyed data on an important study about autism and the MMR vaccine". This did not happen. Good Hope, Alabama Good Hope is a city in Cullman County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 2,264. It was incorporated in April 1962. Goshen, Alabama Goshen is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Omar Kabbaj Omar Kabbaj is an advisor to King Mohammed VI of Morocco, since 22 June 2006. He has been the chairman of the African Development Bank from 26 August 1995 to 1 September 2005. He was a member of the International Monetary Fund (1980–1993) board and member of the Board of Directors of the World Bank (1979–1980), and Minister Delegate to the Prime Minister of Morocco, and was in charge of Economic affairs, from 1993 to 1995. Omar Kabbaj is also a Knight of the Order of the Throne of Morocco. He holds a Master in management from Toulouse Business School. Technology company A technology company (often tech company) is a type of business that focuses primarily on the development and manufacturing of technology, or providing technology as a service. This can include, for example, business relating to digital electronics, software, and internet-related services, such as e-commerce services. Apple, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Amazon, Microsoft, Google, Intel, Oracle, and eBay, among others, are considered technology companies. Many large tech companies are known for innovation, spending large sums of money annually on research and development. According to PwC's 2017 Global Innovation 1000 ranking, tech companies made up nine of the 20 most innovative companies in the world, with the top R&D spender (as measured by expenditure) being Amazon, followed by Alphabet Inc., and then Intel. Information technology (IT) companies and high tech companies are subsets of technology companies. Tweed Tweed is a word which may mean: Tweed may be a place name: Tweed River may refer to: Scabies Scabies is caused by infection with the female mite "Sarcoptes scabiei". The mite is an ectoparasite. The mite burrows into the skin to live and deposit eggs. The symptoms of scabies are due to an allergic reaction to the mites. Scabies is usally spread by direct skin contact with an infected person (at least 10 minutes). Spread of disease may occur even if the person has not yet developed symptoms. Crowded living conditions, such as those found in child-care facilities, group homes, and prisons, increase the risk of spread. Areas with a lack of access to water also have higher rates of disease. The mite is very small and usually not directly visible. Esse quam videri Esse quam videri is a Latin phrase that means "To be, rather than to seem". It has been used as a motto by a number of different groups. It is the state motto of North Carolina, adopted in 1893. Lynton Lynton is a small English town on the Exmoor coast in Devon. It stands on top of the cliffs above the picturesque harbour village of Lynmouth. They are connected by the Lynton and Lynmouth Cliff Railway. Lynton was once the terminus for the narrow gauge Lynton and Barnstaple Railway, which served both towns. Meghana Lokesh Meghana Lokesh (born 16 August 1994) is an Indian actress. She has worked on Telugu and Kannada television shows including "Sasirekha Parinayam" and "Purushottama". She is currently acting in "Kalyana Vaibhogam" and "Kalyanam Kamaneeyam" on Zee telugu. She also appeared in movie named "Idhi Maa Prema Katha" opposite Telugu Anchor Ravi. Sai Pallavi Sai Pallavi Senthamarai (born 9 May 1992), commonly known as Sai Pallavi, is an Indian actress who appears in Malayalam, Tamil, and Telugu films. She is referred to by her fans as "Lady Natural Star". She is the among the fewTamil actress, to have dubbed in her own voice for all her films, irrespective of language. Sai Pallavi first came into public attention for her role as Malar in the 2015 Malayalam film "Premam" which was a blockbuster success. She was then cast alongside "Dulqar Salman" in the film "Kali" (2016). She made her Telugu debut playing the role Bhanumati in the 2017 romantic film "Fidaa", co-starring with Varun Tej. She made her Tamil debut with the film titled Diya(2018) directed by A.L Vijay. Her portrayal of "Malar" in "Premam"(2015) earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut – South, SIIMA Award for Best Debut Female, IBN Live Award for Best Southern Debut and Asiant Film Award Most Poular Actress. "Kochi Times" named her in its "List of 15 Most Desirable Women in 2016". She won the Filmfare Award for Best Telugu Actress for her performance in Fidaa (2017).she acted in athiran with Fahad fasil in2019 which was a huge success in mollywood Early Life. Sai Pallavi was born on 9th May 1992 in Kotagiri, Tamil Nadu to Senthamarai Kannan and Radha. She has a younger sister, Pooja, who has also worked as an actor. Sai Pallavi grew up and was educated in Coimbatore. Her Mother Tongue is Badaga. Sai Pallavi is in the health care industry by profession. She completed medical studies at the Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia in 2016. Film Career. Sai Pallavi appeared in uncredited roles as a child actress in Kasthuri Maan (2005) and Dhaam Dhoom (2008).She had also done a Tamil Short Film named 'Kaatchi Pizhai' before her debut in the movies. Pallavi debuted as a main Female lead in the 2015 movie Premam alongside Nivin Pauly. She played the role of a Malar, a college teacher. She went on to win several "Best Female Debut" awards that year, including the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut – South. Premam grossed an estimated sum of ₹60 crore (US$8.7 million) worldwide making it one of the highest-grossing Malayalam films of all time. It became the first Malayalam film to run for over 200 days in Tamil Nadu. In 2016, She Paired opposite Dulqar Salman for her next Malayalam Film Kali. She made her Telugu Debut in the Year 2017 with the film Fidaa. For which she has won Filmfare for Best Telugu Actress. She also appeared in MCA(2017) along with Nani. She made her Tamil Debut with the movie Diya(2018). Lion of Kea The Lion of Kea is the name of a gigantic archaic sculpture of a guardian lion, chiselled from a single block of local limestone. It was most likely done in the 6th century BC, when the island of Kea, Greece, was known as Cheos. Very little else is known about this 9 m long sculpture, which even today stands "in situ" near the village of Ioulida. Neosho River Neosho River is a river in Arkansas River. Vispa Vispa is a river in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. It gives the name to the city of Visp. Vispa comes from the confluence of the Matter Vispa, which flows into the Mattertal valley and the Saaser Vispa, which flows into the Saastal valley, near Stalden. It runs about in the Vispertal valley and flows into the Rhône near Visp. The length is . Gerzensee (disambiguation) Gerzensee can mean: Grimes, Alabama Grimes is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Lorze Lorze is the main river of the Canton of Zug, Switzerland. It flows from Ägerisee through Lake Zug into the Reuss. Gurley, Alabama Gurley is a town of Madison County in the state of Alabama, in the United States. Komoé River Komoé River is a river in West Africa. Midway, Alabama Midway is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Touba Touba is a city in central Senegal. In 2010, 529,176 people lived there. It is the second most populated Senegalese city after the capital Dakar. It is the holy city of Mouridism. Midway, Utah Midway is a city in Wasatch County in the state of Utah, in the United States. Haleburg, Alabama Haleburg is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Harpersville, Alabama Harpersville is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Highland Lake, Alabama Highland Lake is a town in Blount County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 412. Hayden, Alabama Hayden is a town in Blount County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 444. Locust Fork, Alabama Locust Fork is a town in Blount County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 1,186 people, up from 1,016 in 2000. Nectar, Alabama Nectar is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Bedford County Bedford County is the name of three counties in the United States: Avusy Avusy is a municipality in the canton of Geneva in Switzerland. Deaths in September 2018 The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in September 2018. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting. Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source. Morris G. Hallock Morris G. Hallock (February 17, 1926 – August 11, 2018) was an American politician. He was born in Springview, Nebraska. He was a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives in the 1950s and 1960s. He was a Republican. In the 1950s, Hallock also was Secretary of Finance in the South Dakota Government. Hallock died in Sioux Falls, South Dakota on August 11, 2018 from Parkinson's disease, aged 92. Springview, Nebraska Springview is a village in, and the county seat of, Keya Paha County, Nebraska. The population was 242 at the 2010 census. Charles Gain Charles Gain (November 1, 1923 – August 21, 2018) was an American police official. He was born in Hanford, California. He first was police chief for Oakland, California, then as chief in San Francisco in the 1970s. In 1975, Gain was appointed to run the San Francisco Police Department by Mayor George Moscone and was until 1980. Gain died from respiratory failure in San Francisco on August 21, 2018 at the age of 94. Hanford, California Hanford is a city and the county seat of Kings County, California. The California Department of Finance estimated that the city's population was 55,645 as of January 1, 2017. Richard Kadison Richard Victor Kadison (July 25, 1925 – August 22, 2018) was an American mathematician. He was born in New York City. Kadison was known for his works to the study of operator algebras. Kadison was a member of the National Academy of Sciences from 1996 until his death in 2018. Kadison died on August 22, 2018 in New York City from heart failure at the age of 93. Barrie Dunsmore Barrie Dunsmore (1939 – 26 August 2018) was a Canadian journalist. He covered foreign affairs for ABC News, the American television network for 30 years. He was born in Regina, Saskatchewan. Works. Former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger said of Dunsmore's book, "This compilation of essays dating from the weeks when he accompanied me on the Midest shuttles in the early 1970's, to his commentaries on the Arab Spring will mark Dunsmore firmly as one of the significant journalists of our era." Death. Dunsmore died on 26 August 2018 in Charlotte, Vermont at the age of 79. Charlotte, Vermont Charlotte is a town in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. The town was named for Sofia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of England and wife of King George III. The population of the town was 3,754 at the 2010 census. Silvano Campeggi Silvano "Nano" Campeggi (; January 23, 1923 – August 29, 2018) was an Italian artist. He designed and produced the artwork for the posters of many classic Hollywood movies. He was born in Florence, Italy. Campeggi was known for his poster designs for "Casablanca", "Singin' in the Rain", and "Breakfast at Tiffany's". Campeggi died on August 29, 2018 in Florence from respiratory failure at the age of 95. Gary Friedrich Gary Friedrich (; August 21, 1943 – August 28, 2018) was an American comic book writer. He was best known for his Silver Age stories for Marvel Comics' "Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos", and, in the following era, for the series "The Monster of Frankenstein". He was also known for co-creating the supernatural motorcyclist the Ghost Rider and the supernatural hero the Son of Satan. Friedrich died from complications of Parkinson's disease on August 28, 2018 in Hillsboro, Missouri, aged 75. Jackson, Missouri Jackson is a city in Cape Girardeau County, Missouri, United States. The population was 13,758 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Cape Girardeau County. Hillsboro, Missouri Hillsboro is a city in Jefferson County, Missouri, United States. The population was 2,821 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Jefferson County. Meghan McCain Meghan Marguerite McCain (born October 23, 1984) is an American columnist, author, former Fox News contributor, and current co-host of "The View". She is the daughter of diplomat Cindy McCain and the late senator John McCain. David Garcia David Garcia is an American politician and educator. He was the Democratic Party's nominee in the 2018 Arizona gubernatorial election. He lost to Doug Ducey. Garcia is an associate professor at Arizona State University's Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College. Alexander Zakharchenko Alexander Vladimirovich Zakharchenko (, ; 26 June 1976 – 31 August 2018) was a Ukrainian separatist leader. He was the head of state and Prime Minister of the self-proclaimed state and a rebel group Donetsk People's Republic, which declared independence from Ukraine on 11 May 2014. Zakharchenko was assassinated by a bombing in Donetsk, on 31 August 2018, aged 42. Stan Brock Stan Brock (April 21, 1936 – August 29, 2018) was a British philanthropist. He founded the charity Remote Area Medical in 1985. "The Independent" states his work rescued millions of uninsured Americans. He was very critical of the American healthcare system. Brock was born in Preston, Lancashire, England. Brock died at RAM Headquarters in Rockford, Tennessee, on August 29, 2018 from a heart attack at the age of 82. Rockford, Tennessee Rockford is a city in Blount County, Tennessee, United States. Its population was 798 at the 2000 census and 856 at the 2010 census. It is included in the Knoxville, Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area. Fisheye lens A fisheye lens (or fish eye lens) is a wide-angle lens, which has an very wide angle of view. Unlike normal wide angle lenses, fisheye lernses use Gnomonic projection, which will distort the image. Straight lines which do not run through the center of the image will be shown as curved ones. Common fisheye lenses have angles of view between 180 and 220 degrees. Prototypes have been built with angles of view as large as 270 and even 310 degrees. Due to their construction, conventional wide angle lenses cannot reach angles of view greater than 180 degrees. Even though they have very wide angles of view, fisheye lenses show less vignetting. Vignetting occurs when the border of the image is much darker than the center. Because of their wide angle of view, fisheye lenses are often used in cameras used for surveillance. Public inquiry A public inquiry (or tribunal of inquiry) is an official review ordered by a government body. It is used in many common law countries, such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and Canada. The idea is also used in many other countries, perhaps not with the same title. It is an expression of democracy, that in some cases people and groups should be able to have their voice heard directly. The issues at stake may be of a local kind, or special to a particular group of people. A public inquiry differs from a Royal Commission. A public inquiry accepts evidence, conducts its hearings in public and deals with a specific occurrence. Interested members of the public and organisations may make oral or written submissions, and listen to oral evidence given by other parties. Research on the effects of public inquiries suggests they may not do much to change people's minds. However, it is normal for a public enquiry to be about some controversy. That is the point of the exercise. Gentleman A gentleman is an historical term used in the British class system for an educated man who is wealthy. Its significance is that in a class system, people were educated, lived and worked in quite different ways according to the circumstances of their birth. This is behind the otherwise strange divide in sports like cricket between amateur and professionals (who often played in the same side), and between Rugby Union and Rugby League. This distinction is needed to understand many of the novels, plays, and films of the pre-WWII era. Similar distinctions ran in most other countries before the modern era. Consider the characters in Tolstoy's "War and Peace" as an example. Anushka Sharma Anushka Sharma (; born 1 May 1988) is an Indian actress and movie producer. She is one of the most popular and highest-paid actresses in India. She acts in Bollywood movies. She has won many awards including one Filmfare Award from seven nominations. She was born in Ayodhya and raised in Bangalore. She is married to the Indian cricketer Virat Kohli. She is a half Bengali Hindu and a half Nepali Hindu. Her fathers grandparents where from Kolkata and her mothers parents where from Uttarkhand. Her debut movie was "Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi" (2008) in which she acted with Shah Rukh Khan. "Sultan" (2016), "PK" (2014), "Jab Tak Hai Jaan", "Ae Dil Hai Mushkil" and "Sanju" are some of her famous movies. Michael Sheehan Michael Jarboe Sheehan (born July 9, 1939) is a retired American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the eleventh Archbishop of Santa Fe. He was the Bishop of Lubbock from 1983 to 1993. He was born in Wichita, Kansas. In August 2018, Sheehan was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Shirley Abrahamson Shirley Schlanger Abrahamson (December 17, 1933 – December 19, 2020) was an American politician and lawyer. She was a member and former Chief Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court. She was appointed to the court in 1976 by Governor Patrick Lucey. She became first woman on Wisconsin's high court. Career. She was the only woman on the court from 1976 until 1993. Abrahamson was re-elected to the Supreme Court in 1979, 1989, 1999, and 2009. She became Chief Justice on August 1, 1996 and served until April 29, 2015. Retirement. On May 30, 2018, Abrahamson announced she would not seek re-election to the Wisconsin Supreme Court in 2019. Death. In August 2018, Abrahamson announced she was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. She died on December 19, 2020 in Berkeley, California from the disease, aged 87. Daugava The Daugava () or Western Dvina is a river rising in the Valdai Hills, Russia, flowing through Russia, Belarus, and Latvia and into the Gulf of Riga. The total length of the river is : in Russia, in Belarus, and in Latvia. Within Latvia it flows through Latgale, Zemgale, Vidzeme and Riga, before flowing into the Gulf of Riga. Hillsboro, Alabama Hillsboro is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. North Courtland, Alabama North Courtland is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Town Creek, Alabama Town Creek is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Oakville, Alabama Oakville is an unincorporated community in Lawrence County, Alabama, United States. Hobson City, Alabama Hobson City is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Ohatchee, Alabama Ohatchee is a town in Calhoun County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 1,170. It was incorporated in 1956. Cape Girardeau County, Missouri Cape Girardeau County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Missouri; its eastern border is formed by the Mississippi River. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the population was 75,674. The county seat is Jackson, the first city in the US to be named in honor of President Andrew Jackson. It was founded on October 1, 1812. Blount County Blount County is the name of two counties in the United States: Blount County, Tennessee Blount County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the population was 123,010. It had an estimated population of 126,339 in 2014. The county seat is Maryville, which is also the county's largest city. Alexander County Alexander County is the name of two counties in the United States: John Venn John Venn, FRS, FSA, (4 August 1834 – 4 April 1923) was an English logician and philosopher. He introduced the Venn diagram. The Venn diagram is one of many ways to represent logical relationships. It is well-known because it is easy to understand, and is used in elementary set theory, probability, logic, statistics, competition math, and computer science. In 1883, Venn was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1884, he was awarded a Sc.D. by Cambridge. S Orionis S Orionis is a Mira variable star found in the Orion constellation. It has a diameter 530 times larger than that of the Sun. W Hydrae W Hydrae is a red giant star. It has a size 520 times larger than the Sun, but this can change. It is one of the largest known stars. Rho Cassiopeiae Rho Cassiopeiae is a yellow hypergiant star, the brightest one in the night sky. It is located in the constellation Cassiopeia. It is also one of the largest, with a size 450 times larger than the Sun, but the star's mass is just 22 times larger than the Sun HR 5171 HR 5171 is a yellow hypergiant star, and the largest of its type. Its size is over 1,300 (or 1,500) times larger and 630,000 times brighter than the Sun. It is orbited by a smaller yellow hypergiant and a blue star. Quaker State 400 The Quaker State 400 presented by Walmart, commonly known as the Quaker State 400, is a annual Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held at Kentucky Speedway in Sparta, Kentucky, It is held as the nineteenth race of the season and is held in conjunction with the NASCAR Xfinity Series and the Camping World Truck Series, The inaugural event was held on July 9, 2011 and was won by Kyle Busch, From 2012 to 2014, the race has been held before the Coke Zero Sugar 400 at Daytona International Speedway on Independence Day weekend, From 2015 to 2017, The race moved back two weeks preceding Daytona and New Hampshire, In 2018, the race became the 19th race of the season as the Foxwoods Resort Casino 301 at New Hampshire Motor Speedway which became the 20th race of the season. Martin Truex Jr. enters as defending winner. History. The event eventuated a lawsuit in which Kentucky Speedway claimed NASCAR had violated federal antitrust laws in 2005. In 2008, The speedway was sold to Bruton Smith, hoping that the track could hold a race by 2011 and after four years, the former speedway owners abandoned the lawsuit. In August 2010, NASCAR announced that the track could hold a Cup Series event in 2011. Seven months later, Royal Dutch Shell's Quaker State brand was announced to sponsor the 267-lap race held on July 9, 2011, and was won by Kyle Busch. The race was plagued by a massive traffic problem where many of the fans were expected to attend the race were turned away after several hours on Interstate 71. Following the problem, Kentucky Speedway announced that they bought more land for parking and began to work with the state government to improve the track around the speedway in time for the 2012 race. New aero package for 2015. On June 16, 2015, NASCAR announced a new aero package would be used for the 2015 race. The changes include a smaller rear spoiler and other adjustments that significantly reduced aerodynamic downforce. The spoiler was decreased to tall, There was also a wide splitter extension. In addition, Tires supplied to Goodyear provided drivers with more grip. "We want to see more load changes on the racetrack", NASCAR Executive Vice-President and Chief Racing Development Officer Steve O'Donnell said in a media teleconference, "We will evaluate and a number of factors coming out of Kentucky, and see what we can learn and implement down the road". Originally, the package was to be used at last year's All Star Race, but the plan was scrubbed and NASCAR opted to use the package for a points race. "Let me be clear. This is not a test, this is a race" O'Donnell said of the rules package will be in effect for the 18th round of the 2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series. "We had an extensive testing plan with this industry over the past 18 months. We couldn't implement this if we didn't feel confident as an industry to implement it at Kentucky. Trophy. Since 2015, the race trophy has been in the form of a Crosley jukebox. Ken Thompson Kenneth Lane "Ken" Thompson (born February 4, 1943 in New Orleans, Louisiana) is an American computer scientist. He is the co-creator of UNIX operating system. Education. Thompson received a Bachelor of Science (1965) and Master's degree (1966) in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from University of California, Berkeley. In 1969, Thompson and colleague Dennis Ritchie and Brother Max Lane created the UNIX and LINUX operating system at Bell Telephone Laboratories. UNIX was a scaled-down version of the Multics operating system, one meant to run on the new smaller minicomputers becoming available at the end of the 1960s. When re-written in the C programming language by Dennis Ritchie, UNIX became a truly portable operating system capable of running on many different hardware platforms. Aloe Blacc Aloe Blacc (born January 7, 1979) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, businessman and philanthropist. His first album, Shine Through was released in 2006 by Stones Throw Records. He is best known for his singles "I Need a Dollar", "The Man", which was at the top of the charts in the United Kingdom. He is also known for writing and performing vocals on Avicii's "Wake Me Up", which was at the top of the charts in 22 countries. Theocritus Theocritus was a Greek poet. He was born c. 300 BC in Syracuse, Sicily and died after 260 BC. Theocritus was the inventor of pastoral poetry (poetry about shepherds). His poems were called idylls which perhaps means "little poems". Very little is known about his life but at various times he lived in Sicily, Cos and Alexandria. Auditorium 6 Auditorium 6 is a 2017 American short comedic horror movie directed, written, produced, and edited by Chris Stuckmann. It stars Matthew Brando, KateLynn E. Newberry, Rob Grant, George Tutie, Tara O. Horvath, and Sam Liz. The movie premiered in Cleveland, Ohio on October 25, 2017. Premise. A night janitor takes a job working for an old movie theater and is warned of its sinister history. When he encounters the presence that haunts the theater, something unexpected happens. Release. The movie's premiere was held in Cleveland, Ohio, on October 25, 2017. Since then, the movie has gone to several different film festivals. Reception. Critical response. Tyler Hummel from Geeks Under Grace praised the film and said ""Auditorium 6" carries both a genuine energy, enthusiasm, and talent that suggests to me that Mr. Stuckmann could become quite a good independent director." Horror Geek Life writer Curt Oglesbee scored the film 4 out of 5 stars, and said "Chris Stuckmann‘s "Auditorium 6" is an ode to that particular relationship with film, made by movie lovers FOR movie lovers." Tim Richmond Timothy Lee "Tim" Richmond (June 7, 1955 – August 13, 1989), was a NASCAR driver from Ashland, Ohio who had his career cut short when he contracted HIV and died of complications of AIDS. Richmond was born in Ashland, Ohio, and unlike many other NASCAR drivers, was born into wealth and did not grow up with auto racing, He did not begin racing until the age of 21, when drove a Sprint Car owned by a friend, but he knew instantly that it was to be his vocation. History. Tim Richmond was a perrineal playboy. Growing up in wealth, he always appreciated that the best things and was flamboyant especially in comparison to other gruff, working class of the drivers like Dale Earnhardt, Richard Petty and Cale Yarborough. Richmond had expensive tastes in food and drink and lived a fast lifestyle that mirrored his on-track preferences. He continued to the open-wheel circuits, racing in the 1980 Indianapolis 500 finishing ninth, He decided to move on into stock-car racing in NASCAR, where he spent the rest of his days. His first few seasons, He bounced from team to team looking for a permanent ride, which he found 1982, He raced in 26 events, winning twice and finishing in the top 5 seven times, but only finished 26th in Winston Cup standings. However, at the tail end of the 1986 season, Richmond was feeling noticeably ill, Following the season, he checked into a clinic and discovered that he had AIDS, and which at the time, was a little understood disease, Despite his illness, Richmond worked to regain his strength and in 1987, He returned in midseason and subsequently won two races at Pocono and Riverside. However, his health started deteriorating and so did his results, Richmond would race in six more events before being told not to race by NASCAR. In 1988, Richmond tried to make another run with NASCAR, but NASCAR was only concerned about Richmond's health, but also about he contracted AIDS in the first place, They subjected Richmond (and Richmond alone) to a drug test, and several days later, NASCAR announced that he was suspended indefinitely for testing positive for banned substances. Richmond was livid saying that he did not take any banned substances and demanded another test, which he passed. NASCAR later admitted that the only two substances found was Sudafed and Advil. They also released the permanent ban, but refused to allow Richmond to drive again until he surrendered his medical records that said he had AIDS. Tim Richmond finally retired to West Palm Beach, Florida, where he lived in seclusion with his mother until his death on August 13, 1989. In recent years, NASCAR has suspended drivers with drug violations, Busch Series driver Shane Hmiel was suspended twice (2003 and 2005), before he was suspended for life in 2006, while Kevin Grubb was also suspended for failing a drug test, and Craftsman Truck Series driver Brian Rose was also suspended in 2003 for failing a drug test. Many continue to point the incident with Richmond, to show that an extremely "good ol' boy" system is still in place with NASCAR. In the movie, Days of Thunder was loosely based on Richmond's life, with Tom Cruise's character (Cole Trickle), inspired by Richmond, while Robert Duvall's (Harry Hogge) inspired by crew chief Harry Hyde, and Randy Quaid's (Tim Daland), inspired by owner Rick Hendrick. Other info. Richmond was inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 2002. Languages with official status in India This is a list of languages with official status, in India: Margit Sandemo Margit Sandemo (, 23 April 1924 – 1 September 2018) was a Norwegian-Swedish author. She had been the best-selling author in the Nordic Countries since the 1980s, when her novel series of 47 books, "The Legend of the Ice People", was published. She also wrote many other book series such as "Häxmästaren" and "Legenden om Ljusets rike". Sandemo was born on 23 April 1924 in Lena, Norway and died on 1 September 2018 in Scania, Sweden at the age of 94. Hodges, Alabama Hodges is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Phil Campbell, Alabama Phil Campbell is a town in the state of Alabama in the United States. Vina, Alabama Vina is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Ray Barry William Raymond Barry (October 4, 1928 – August 28, 2018) was an American-born Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played 18 games in the National Hockey League. He also played for the Boston Bruins and the Hershey Bears in the 1951-52 season. Barry was born in Revere, Massachusetts and raised in Edmonton, Alberta. He died on August 28, 2018, in Calgary, aged 89. Shorter, Alabama Shorter is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Notasulga, Alabama Notasulga is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Nauvoo, Alabama Nauvoo is a town in the U.S. state of Alabama. Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS or Missouri Synod) is a Lutheran denomination in the United States. It has 2 million members. This makes it the second-largest Lutheran group in the country. The LCMS was organized in 1847 at a meeting in Chicago, Illinois. At first it was called the German Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Ohio, and Other States (). The LCMS has congregations in all 50 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. More than half of its members are located in the Midwest. It is a member of the International Lutheran Council. The LCMS's headquarters are in Kirkwood, Missouri. The current president has been Matthew C. Harrison since September 1, 2010. History. Origins. The Missouri Synod was started by several communities of German Lutherans in the United States. F. C. D. Wyneken did mission work in Indiana, Ohio, and Michigan. Martin Stephan started a community of Lutherans in Perry County, Missouri, and St. Louis, Missouri. Wilhelm Löhe sent missionaries to Michigan and Ohio. The Saxon immigration. In the Kingdom of Saxony in the 19th century, Lutheran pastor Martin Stephan and many of his followers thought that their church would be forced to merge with the Reformed church. Because of this, Stephan and between 600 and 700 other Saxon Lutherans left Germany to move to the United States in November 1838. They had five ships. Their ships arrived between December 31, 1838, and January 20, 1839, in New Orleans. One ship was lost at sea. Afterwards, they settled in Perry County, Missouri. At first, Stephan was the bishop. Later, other members said that Stephan was corrupt and a fornicator, so he was kicked out. This made C. F. W. Walther the new leader. The Löhe missionaries. In 1842, a German pastor named Wilhelm Löhe started sending missionaries to America. They started congregations in Ohio, Michigan, and Indiana. Founding and early years. In 1844 and 1845, the three groups listed above (the Saxons, the Löhe missionaries, and Wyneken) started talking about starting a synod. On April 26, 1847, twelve pastors met in Chicago, Illinois, and officially started the "German Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Ohio and Other States". Walther was the first president. The synod was conservative. Löhe left because he disagreed with some of its doctrine. The Synodical Conference. In 1857 and 1872, the LCMS entered into fellowship with five other conservative Lutheran synods. These groups formed the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America. English transition. For the thirty years after it started, the Missouri Synod focused on German-speaking Lutherans. In 1872, members of the Missouri Synod, along with three other synods, started the "English Evangelical Lutheran Conference of Missouri". This group focused on English-speakers. It became an independent synod in 1888 and merged with the LCMS in 1911. English became more common in the LCMS during the first two decades of the 20th century. Some churched dropped all German services. Post-WWII. In 1947, the synod shortened its name to "The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod". In 1964, the National Evangelical Lutheran Church, an historically Finnish-American Lutheran church, merged with the LCMS. In 1971, the Synod of Evangelical Lutheran Churches, an historically Slovak-American church, merged with the LCMS. The Synodical Conference broke up in 1963. Six years later, the LCMS formed the Lutheran Council in the United States of America (LCUSA) with several other Lutheran synods. These were moderate and liberal. Afterwards, the LCMS started becoming more conservative again. Some of the more liberal professors and students left Concordia Seminary and started Seminex. In 1976, about 250 of the more liberal congregations left the Synod. Then the LCMS left the LCUSA. Foreign missions. In the early 20th century, the LCMS sent missionaries to Brazil and Argentina. The Brazil District and the Argentina District were started, which at first were part of the LCMS. In the 1980s, they became independent synods. The LCMS had congregations in Canada. In 1988, the Canadian congregations became an independent synod, the Lutheran Church-Canada. A small number of churches in Ontario and Quebec are still in the LCMS. Beliefs. The Missouri Synod believes that the Bible is the first source for the teachings of the church, and that the Bible is best explained by the Book of Concord. The Missouri Synod also teaches biblical inerrancy, which is the teaching that the Bible does not have errors. The Missouri Synod believes that justification comes from God "by divine grace alone, through faith alone, on account of Christ alone." It teaches that faith in Jesus is the only way to eternal salvation. God gives people grace through the Word of God and the Sacraments. The synod does not have an official definition of sacrament. This means that some Missouri Synod Lutherans may disagree about how many sacraments there are. All agree that Baptism and Communion are sacraments. In the LCMS, babies are baptized, as well as children and adults. The LCMS teaches that the body and blood of Jesus are truly present in the Eucharist. The synod practices closed communion. This mean that normally, only confirmed members of an LCMS church (or a church that has fellowship with the LCMS) can participate in communion at an LCMS church. The LCMS supports creationism. Pastors. LCMS pastors are usually required to have a four-year bachelor's degree (in any discipline), as well as a four-year Master of Divinity degree. The latter degree can be earned from one of these institutions: Concordia Seminary in St. Louis, Concordia Theological Seminary in Fort Wayne, Indiana or at the two seminaries run by the Lutheran Church–Canada. After they receive this degree, pastors are called to a church and are ordained. The LCMS does not let women be pastors. Church structure. The LCMS is led by a synod president, who must have been ordained. He is elected by synod members at a synodical convention. This convention is held every three years. The current president is Rev. Dr. Matthew C. Harrison. Districts. The entire synod is divided into 35 districts, usually representing a specific geographic area. There are two non-geographic districts (the English District and the SELC District). The English District and the SELC District used to be their own synods, but they merged with the LCMS. Each district is led by an elected district president, who must have been ordained. The districts are subdivided into circuits. Each circuit is led by a circuit visitor, who must be a pastor at one of the local churches. Relationship with other Lutheran bodies. The LCMS is a member of the International Lutheran Council. It also has fellowship with the American Association of Lutheran Churches (AALC). Vinicius and Tom Vinicius is the mascot of the 2016 Summer Olympics, and Tom is the mascot of the 2016 Summer Paralympics. The mascots represent Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Vinicius represents Brazilian animals, and his body has parts of cats, monkeys, and birds. Tom represents Brazilian plant life. A Brazilian company called Birdo made the mascots. The Olympic organizers only wanted mascots made by Brazilian companies. The organizers chose Birdo's mascots in August 2013, and they showed them to the public on 23 November 2014, but the mascots did not have names yet at that time. The organizers asked the public to choose names for them. The public chose to name the mascots after Vinicius de Moraes and Tom Jobim. Vinicius de Moraes and Tom Jobim wrote the song "The Girl from Ipanema". The Olympic organizers made a children's television series about the mascots. The Rio organizers also made many toys and other merchandise of the mascots. The organizers gave wrestling coaches soft dolls of Vinicius. If the coaches did not like a referee's call, then they would throw the doll into the ring. Many people thought that this was funny. Paralympic medalists got special dolls of Tom. They were special because the leaves on Tom's head were the same color as their medals. Some observers liked how the mascots looked. Others thought they looked strange. History. Creation. The organizers of the 2016 Summer Olympics (Rio 2016) started to ask for mascot designs in November 2012. The events were going to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, so the Olympic organizers only wanted designs from Brazilian companies. Directors from the Brazilian film festival Anima Mundi helped the Rio 2016 organizers choose the mascots. After looking at the designs, the Rio 2016 organizers chose three of them and asked children to help them choose the final mascot. The children were six to twelve years old and were from either Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo. The organizers gave the three designs to the children, but they did not tell the children that they were for the Olympics. The organizers only told the kids about the mascots' personalities. The children responded with comments such as "'This is my friend', 'This one seems stuck-up', 'This one has cool hair'; and 'That one looks silly'". The organizers used the children's comments to make the mascot designs better. A group of judges chose the final mascots in August 2013. The group included members of the Rio 2016 organizers, the International Olympic Committee, the Brazilian Olympic Committee, and the Brazilian Paralympic Committee, and people who worked in animation, illustration, advertising and market research. All of the judges agreed to choose a set of two mascots, one for the Olympic Games and the other for the Paralympic Games. A São Paulo-based animation company named Birdo created these mascots. Birdo and the organizers began to create content featuring the mascots, working in secrecy. Naming and unveiling. The organizers showed the public the mascots on 23 November 2014, but they had not yet decided what to name them. On 24 November 2014, the mascots appeared publicly in costumes for the first time at the Ginásio Experimental Olímpico Juan Antonio Samaranch, a school for talented young athletes in Rio. The organizers let the public pick the names of the mascots in an online vote. There were three candidates in the vote: The voting ended after three weeks on 14 December 2014. "Vinicius and Tom" won with 44 percent of 323,327 votes. Use of Vinicius in Olympic wrestling events. In the sport of wrestling, coaches may challenge a referee's call by throwing a "soft object" into the ring. This is normally a foam brick, but wrestling rules do not exactly say what the soft object must be. The Rio 2016 organizers gave wrestling coaches soft plush dolls of Vinicius to throw into the ring when they wished to challenge a call. One wrestler's coach got a Vinicius doll with a red shirt, while the opponent's coach got one with a blue shirt. Many people thought this was funny. NBC Sports commentators started to call Vinicius "the challenge mascot". Dustin Nelson, a news writer for the website "Thrillist", wrote that the mascot took "a little of the anger out of a challenge". Jason Bryant, the official commentator for wrestling at the 2016 Olympics, was surprised to see this at the Olympics because there is a lot of emphasis on "protocol" at the Olympics. However, Byrant eventually said that it does not matter what the challenge object is if it has cultural importance to the location of the competition. Coach Mike Malinconico argued that the Olympic organizers should not have done this. Characteristics. Vinicius is the Olympic mascot, and he is named after Brazilian musician Vinicius de Moraes. Vinicius's design represents Brazilian wildlife. The design combines "the agility of cats, sway of monkeys and grace of birds." Vinicius can stretch his arms and legs as long as he wants. His mission is "to spread joy throughout the world and celebrate the friendship that flourishes between people from all over the world" at the Olympic Games. Tom is the Paralympic mascot, and is he named after Brazilian musician Tom Jobim. Tom's design represents the plants of Brazilian forests. Tom can pull any object out of his head. His mission is "to inspire everybody to use creativity and determination to always reach further and have fun." Vinicius and Tom "were both born from the joy of Brazilians" after the International Olympic Committee chose Rio de Janeiro to host the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. The mascots are named after Vinicius de Moraes and Tom Jobim, who co-wrote the 1962 bossa nova song "The Girl from Ipanema". Media. Animated shorts. On 5 August 2015, Cartoon Network Brazil started to broadcast animated short films with the mascots. The series is named "Vinicius e Tom – Divertidos por Natureza" ("Vinicius and Tom – Fun by Nature" or "Vinicius and Tom – Natural Entertainers"). The series has 32 episodes. Each episode is two minutes long. "Divertidos por Natureza" is the third television cartoon series based on Olympic mascots. It is also the first cartoon created in the Americas based on Olympic mascots. The show follows Vinicius and Tom as they live in Brazilian forests and cities. The mascots are also sometimes joined by the "Carioca Sisters" (). The sisters are named Bela, Sol, and Vida. The series is designed to promote the mascots. Turner Broadcasting System, the owner of Cartoon Network, spent US$750,000 to develop the series. Cartoon Network helped to coproduce the series because it won a competition held by the Rio 2016 organizers to select a collaborator for the series. Brand director Beth Lula said that the mascots "are one of the principal methods of engaging the public with the Games. The cartoon will give them life, reinforcing the emotional link of the public with the event." The series is targeted towards children, but the show's staff said that adults will like it too too. Merchandise. The mascots were included among the merchandise of the Rio 2016 Games. Merchandise items ranged in size from a Lego kit to life-size dolls. The organizers gave Paralympic medalists stuffed toys of Tom. They colored the leaves on the dolls' heads in gold, silver, or bronze in order to match with their medals. The Vinicius and Tom Lego kit is the first time that Lego made a commercial version of Olympic mascots. An employee at a Rio 2016 merchandise store said that the mascots were "the most popular thing by far. ... Kids and adults all love them, especially Vinicius, he is the favourite." The Rio 2016 Organizing Committee thought that the mascots could make up a quarter of merchandise sales in Rio. Overall, merchandise sales were 11 percent higher than what they thought, according to Rio 2016 spokesperson Mario Andrada. The best-selling item was a hat in the shape of Vinicius's head. The second-best-selling item was a pair of Havaianas with a drawing of Vinicius on it. Reception. Julia Glum wrote about Vinicius and Tom in an article in the "International Business Times." She said that the "mascot for the Olympic Games is almost always strange-looking, and Rio de Janeiro is no exception. ... though they're by far not the craziest Olympic animals to ever exist ..." In an article published by "Mic", Brianna Provenzano called the mascots "lovable". She described their appearance as "sweet and simple", and she highlighted their symbolisms for the animals and plants of Brazil. On the other hand, Charlotte Wilder wrote an article in "USA Today"s sports column "For The Win." She said that she was unimpressed by Vinicius's design: "Whoever was in charge of coming up with this creature of the huge hands and feet did exactly what it looks like, which is mash up a bunch of animals, video game characters, and cartoons, stuff it with some synthetic filling, and call it day." Robert John Young, Professor of Wildlife Conservation at the University of Salford, thought that Rio 2016 should have given more attention to environmental protection by using actual animal species instead of inventing their own animal. Young also thought that the organizers should have included a female name in the public vote. Carlos Merigo wrote on Brazilian website "B9" that the mascots bring back "the colorful, loving and fun atmosphere that marked the Olympic mascots over the decades". Merigo called them a "return to origins" following the "shapelessness" of Wenlock and Mandeville, the mascots of the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Neha Prakash wrote an article on digital media website "Mashable". Prakash said that Vinicius and Tom "are more nostalgia-inducing than nightmarish" compared to the "terror" of the mascots of the 2014 Winter Olympics. Many people compared the art style of the mascots to that of the "Pokémon" franchise. Stephen Wood wrote an article on the history of Olympic mascots in "Paste", and he compared them to the style of "Adventure Time", an American animated television series. In an article published on "Slate"'s culture blog "Brow Beat", Matthew Dessem wrote that there were no big problems with the mascots when compared to previous Olympic mascots: "Like the best Olympic mascots of yore, Vinicius and Tom are well-suited to plush toys and licensing deals and will be completely forgotten within a year." Leila Cobo wrote an article published by "Billboard", and she praised the organizers of Rio 2016 for "celebrating music in a most joyful and profound way" by naming the Olympic mascot after Vinicius de Moraes. Serayu River Serayu River is a river in Central Java, Indonesia. Arsène Tchakarian Arsène Tchakarian (December 21, 1916 – August 4, 2018) was a French-Armenian historian, former tailor and member of the French Resistance. He was a member of the Manouchian Group of the FTP-MOI. Tchakarian was the last surviving member of the Manouchian Group ("Groupe Manouchian"), a Paris-based resistance group led by Missak Manouchian. He was born in Sapanca, Ottoman Empire. Tchakarian died of a heart attack in Villejuif, France on August 4, 2018, aged 101. National Museum of Brazil The National Museum of Brazil () is the oldest scientific institution of Brazil, located in Rio de Janeiro. Until 2018 it had one of the largest collections of natural history and anthropology in the Americas. Despite this, the museum was already in bad condition when it burned in September 2018. Finance. From 2014 the museum had budget cuts that dropped its maintenance to less than R$520,000 annually. The budget was so low, there was $0.01 to spend on each of the artifacts. The building fell into disrepair, with peeling wall material, exposed electrical wiring, and a termite problem. Some of the artifacts lost in the fire included Egyptian mummies, remains from the oldest human skeleton found in the Americas, frescoes from Pompeii, and dinosaur skeletons. By June 2018, the museum's 200th anniversary, it had reached a state of near-complete abandonment. There was an offer from The World Bank to buy the museum for $80m. It was turned down because the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro would have to give up ownership. The great fire. On 2 September 2018, at around 19:30 local time, a large fire broke out at the Paço de São Cristóvão. The museum was almost completely destroyed. The museum's holdings included over 20 million items. About 90% were destroyed. Brazil's President Michel Temer called the loss of the historical and cultural heritage "incalculable". The cause of the fire is not known, but many connected it to the museum's lack of funding. No injuries were reported. Samuel Conti Samuel Conti (July 16, 1922 – August 29, 2018) was an American jurist. He was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California from 1970 until his retirement in 1987. In 1987, he became senior judge of the court. He was born in Los Angeles, California. Conti died on August 29, 2018 in Oakland, California at the age of 96. James Mirrlees Sir James Alexander Mirrlees (5 July 1936 – 29 August 2018) was a Scottish economist. He was the winner of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. He was knighted in the 1997 Birthday Honours. Mirrlees died on 29 August 2018 in Cambridge, England at the age of 82. Carilda Oliver Labra Carilda Oliver Labra (6 July 1922 – 29 August 2018) was a Cuban poet. She was born in Matanzas. Oliver Labra studied law at the University of Havana. She was known as one of the most influential Cuban poets. Oliver Labra won many national and international prizes including the National Poetry Prize (1950), National Literature Award (1997) and the José de Vasconcelos International Prize (2002). "Me desordeno, amor, me desordeno" might be her most famous poem. Oliver Labra died of pneumonia in Matanzas on 29 August 2018, aged 96. Paul Taylor Paul Belville Taylor, Jr. (July 29, 1930 – August 29, 2018) was an American choreographer. He was among the last living members of the third generation of America's modern dance artists. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Taylor works include "Big Bertha" (1970), "Airs" (1978), "Arden Court" (1981), "Sunset" (1983), "Last Look" (1985), "Speaking in Tongues" (1988), "Brandenburgs" (1988), "Company B" (1991), "Piazolla Caldera" (1996), "Black Tuesday" (2001), "Promethean Fire" (2002), and "Beloved Renegade" (2008). In 1992, he won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography and was awarded the Kennedy Center Honorees. Taylor died of renal failure on August 29, 2018, at a Manhattan hospital at the age of 88. Joseph Kobzon Iosif (Joseph) Davydovich Kobzon (; 11 September 1937 — 30 August 2018) was a Soviet-Russian singer. He was born in Chasiv Yar, Donetsk Oblast. He performed concerts for Joseph Stalin when he was younger. His best-known song is "Instants" from the Soviet TV series "Seventeen Moments of Spring" (1973). He went to Donetsk People's Re­public and said words in support of its separatists. He got Honorary Consul of ‘Donetsk People's Republic’ in the Russian Federation. He voted "yes" to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation on March 20, 2014. He was put in the EU blacklist for that on February 16, 2015. Kobzon died on 30 August 2018 in Moscow from prostate cancer at the age of 80. Ray (wrestler) Ray (February 14, 1982 – August 30, 2018) was a Hong Kong professional wrestler. Ray made her professional wrestling debut in September 2003 and would for the next several years wrestle under different masks, before she began working for Smash in March 2010. She remained with Smash until the promotion folded in March 2012. During her career, Ray held the CMLL-Reina International Junior, International Ribbon Tag Team and WNC Women's Championships, among other titles. After being diagnosed with brain cancer in December 2015, she died on August 30, 2018 at the age of 36. Marie Severin Marie Severin (; August 21, 1929 – August 29, 2018) was an American comics artist and colorist. She was best known for her work for Marvel Comics such as on "Spider-Man", "Thor", and "Iron Man" and the 1950s' EC Comics. Severin was born in East Rockaway, New York. Severin was added into the Will Eisner Comics Hall of Fame in 2001. Severin died in Massapequa, New York on August 29, 2018 from a stroke at the age of 89. East Rockaway, New York East Rockaway is a village in Nassau County, New York, in the United States. The population was 9,818 at the 2010 census. Massapequa, New York Massapequa (, ) is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Nassau County, New York, on Long Island, east of New York City. It is near to Amityville. As of the 2010 census, the CDP had a total population of 21,685. Amityville, New York Amityville is a village in Suffolk County, New York, in the United States. The population was 9,523 at the 2010 census. Susan Brown Susan Brown (May 4, 1932 – August 31, 2018) was an American television and movie actress and interior designer. She was born in San Francisco, California. She was best known for her roles on daytime soap operas such as in "General Hospital". In 1979, she was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for her role on the show. Brown starred as Adelaide in "As the World Turns". Brown died in Los Angeles, California on August 31, 2018 from complications of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 86. Eileen Fulton Eileen Fulton (born September 13, 1933), is an American actress. She is known for her television role as Lisa Grimaldi on the CBS soap opera "As the World Turns", which she would star from May 18, 1960 until the show's ending on September 17, 2010. Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza 25 January 1922 – 31 August 2018) was an Italian population geneticist. He lectured at Stanford University. Cavalli-Sforza won the Weldon Memorial Prize in 1978. He was born in Genoa, Italy. Cavalli-Sforza's "The History and Geography of Human Genes" (1994 with Paolo Menozzi and Alberto Piazza) is a standard reference on human genetic variation. Cavalli-Sforza also wrote "The Great Human Diasporas: The History of Diversity and Evolution" (together with his son Francesco). Earlier, in the 1970s, he and Walter Bodmer wrote what was the standard textbook on modern human genetics, "The Genetics of Human Populations". WHFreeman, 1971. The two, with Bodmer as first author, later wrote another more basic text, "Genetics, Evolution, and Man" WHFreeman, 1976. Together with his 1994 book they show human genetics before the genomics era began giving much more detailed data. Cavalli-Sforza died on 31 August 2018 in Belluno, Italy at the age of 96. Tarun Sagar Muni Tarun Sagar (26 June 1967 – 1 September 2018) was an Indian "Digambara monk" and political advisor. His lectures are known as "Kadve Pravachan" (bitter discourses) because they can be critical of common practices and views. His lectures have been published in book series also titled "Kadve Pravachan". His audience often includes a majority of non-Jains. Early life. Sagar was born as Pawan Kumar Jain on 26 June 1967 in Madhya Pradesh, India. He became Kshullak at the age of 13 and "Acharya" Pushpdant Sagar at the age of 20. Works. Sagar was known for supporting the ban on liquor, leather and meat in India. He began to publish speeches under the title "Kadve Pravachan" (Bitter Discourse) starting in 2003 in Ahmedabad. Sagar delivered his sermons Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 2010 and in Haryana Legislative Assembly on 26 August 2016. He was known as a "progressive Jain monk" for his criticism of violence, corruption and conservatism, and his speeches came to be called "Katu Pravachan". Politics. While Jain monks often did not want to be related with politicians, Sagar often met politicians and government officials as a guest. He has delivered his sermons Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 2010 and in Haryana Legislative Assembly on 26 August 2016. Sagar was respected by Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi and Modi would award him Tarun Kranti Puraskar in 2012. Criticisms. In August 2016, Tarun Sagar was invited to address the Haryana Assembly by both the ruling BJP and the opposition Congress party members. He talked about social and political issues and evoked applause and laughter from lawmakers. The event caused a number of tweets critical of Muni Tarun Sagar because of his nudity. He once said that Jihad is a conspiracy to convert Hindu girls into Muslims. He was also against Muslim practice in India. Death. Sagar died on 1 September 2018 from complications of jaundice in New Delhi, India at the age of 51. Randy Weston Randy Weston (April 6, 1926 – September 1, 2018) was an American jazz pianist and composer. Weston's works were influenced by Duke Ellington and Thelonious Monk. Weston worked often with trombonist and arranger Melba Liston. Weston died on September 1, 2018 in New York City of heart disease at the age of 92. Ehsan Yarshater Ehsan Yarshater (, April 3, 1920 – September 1, 2018) was an Iranian historian and linguist. He worked in iranology. He was the founder and director of The Center for Iranian Studies, and Hagop Kevorkian Professor Emeritus of Iranian Studies at Columbia University. Conway Savage Conway Victor Savage (27 July 1960 – 2 September 2018) was an Australian rock pianist and singer-songwriter. He was a member of Nick Cave and The Bad Seeds from 1990 until his retirement in 2017. Savage had a solo career and released albums, "Nothing Broken" (2000), "Wrong Man's Hands" (2004) and "Rare Songs & Performances 1989–2004". He also collaborated with other artists for their albums, such as "Soon Will Be Tomorrow" (with Suzie Higgie, 1998) and "Quickie for Ducky" (with Amanda Fox and Robert Tickner, 2007). In October 2017, Savage was diagnosed with brain cancer. He died, aged 58, in Melbourne on 2 September 2018. Carole Shelley Carole Shelley (16 August 1939 – 31 August 2018) was an English actress. She was born in London. Her many stage roles included the character of Madame Morrible in the original Broadway cast of the musical "Wicked". She won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her performance in "The Elephant Man" in 1979. She also starred in "Wicked" and in "Robin Hood". Shelley died of pancreatic cancer in Manhattan on 31 August 2018, aged 79. Babylon, New York Babylon is one of ten towns in Suffolk County, New York, United States. It is located on Long Island, the town population was 214,191 as of the 2014 census. Barry Du Bois Barry Du Bois (born 4 August 1960) is an Australian designer, building expert and TV personality on Network Ten. Du Bois first appeared on reality renovation show "The Renovators". Du Bois is co-host and design/building expert on lifestyle program "The Living Room". In 2017, Du Bois was diagnosed with terminal multiple myeloma. Gareth O'Callaghan Gareth O'Callaghan (born 24 March 1961) is an Irish author and retired radio and television presenter. He was most recently to be heard on 4fm, having presented shows on RTÉ 2fm for much of his career until 2005 and then a show on Galway Bay FM until his retirement in 2018. He is known for talking about depression and suicide awareness on his shows. In August 2018, O'Callaghan was diagnosed with a terminal form of neurodegenerative disease. Neurodegeneration Neurodegeneration is the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons. Many neurodegenerative diseases – including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. Such diseases are incurable, resulting in progressive degeneration and/or death of neuron cells. There are many parallels between different neurodegenerative disorders including atypical protein assemblies as well as induced cell death. Neurodegeneration can be found in many different levels of neuronal circuitry ranging from molecular to systemic. St John Ambulance St John Ambulance is a group of organizations which provide first aid and emergency medicine. They work in over 40 countries, mostly in the Commonwealth of Nations. The role of St John Ambulance varies. For example, in some parts of Australia, St John Ambulance are the main ambulance service. In most places, St John Ambulance are mostly volunteers and their role is to provide first aid at local events (e.g. sports matches, local fairs, races, etc.) and first aid training to the public. St John Ambulance is run by its founders, the Venerable Order of Saint John. The Order is a descendant of the Knights Hospitaller of the Middle Ages. They founded the first branch of St John Ambulance in the United Kingdom in the 19th century. In 1877, the St John Ambulance Association was set up to teach first aid skills. In 1887, the St John Ambulance Brigade was founded to provide first aid at local events. These two have since been merged into the English branch of St John Ambulance. First aiders for St John Ambulance are often seen wearing uniform. They originally had army ranks, though many now use non-military ranks instead. Some branches have cadets, for teenagers and older children. All branches of St John Ambulance use the eight-point Maltese Cross as their logo. This symbol appears on a number of organizations descended from the Knights Hospitaller. The Order of Malta Ambulance Corps in Ireland is an example. Other similar organizations include Red Cross and Red Crescent (a worldwide movement) and St Andrew's First Aid in Scotland. Roger Delgado Roger Caesar Marius Bernard de Delgado Torres Castillo Roberto (1 March 1918 – 18 June 1973), better known as Roger Delgado, was a British actor. He began his acting career in 1939. He is best known as the first actor to play the Master in the BBC science fiction series "Doctor Who". He appeared as the Master in 37 episodes from 1971 until his death in 1973. Delgado was born in Whitechapel, London. He was the son of a Belgian mother and a Spanish father. He served as a major during the Second World War. He was married to Kismet Shahani. On 18 June 1973, Delgado was killed in a car accident in Nevşehir, Turkey. He was 55. He died while filming the French-German TV miniseries "La Cloche tibétaine" (English: "Tibetan Bell"). Gambia River The Gambia River (formerly known as the River Gambra) is a major river in West Africa. It is about long. It runs from the Fouta Djallon plateau in north Guinea westward through Senegal and the Gambia to the Atlantic Ocean at the city of Banjul. It is navigable for about half that length. Geography. The river is strongly associated with The Gambia, the smallest country in mainland Africa, which consists of little more than the downstream half of the river and its two banks. From the Fouta Djallon, the river runs northwest into the Tambacounda Region of Senegal, where it flows through the Parc National du Niokolo Koba, then is joined by the Nieri Ko and Koulountou before entering the Gambia at Fatoto. At this point the river runs generally west, but in a meandering course with a number of oxbows, and about 100km from its mouth it gradually widens, to over 10km wide where it meets the sea. Near the mouth of the river, near Juffure, is Kunta Kinteh Island, a place used in the slave trade which is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The aquatic fauna in the Gambia River basin is closely associated with that of the Senegal River basin, and the two are usually combined under a single ecoregion known as the Senegal-Gambia Catchments. Although the species richness is moderately high, only three species of frogs and one fish are endemic to this ecoregion. Oysters are harvested from the River Gambia and used to make oyster stew, a traditional dish in the cuisine of Gambia. The river is an important trade route. Ocean-going vessels can use it for , to the settlement of Kuntaur. Smaller ships can reach the settlement Fatoto, which is from its mouth. Tongyong Pinyin Tongyong Pinyin is a romanization of Mandarin Chinese, or a way to write Mandarin in the Roman alphabet, that was invented in Taiwan. It was created by the Taiwanese to oppose Hanyu Pinyin, which is the official romanization of Mandarin in Mainland China, the UN, and most other international organizations, because many Taiwanese do not want to use a writing system created by the Chinese Communist Party. In 2002, it became the official romanization in Taiwan, even though no one was forced to use it. However, in 2009, Taiwan replaced Tongyong with Hanyu as the island's official romanization. While Taipei mostly uses Hanyu spelling today, many cities, particularly in southern Taiwan, still use many different romanizations, including Tongyong spelling, and it can still be seen in many places. Tongyong Pinyin vs. Hanyu Pinyin. Most Tongyong spellings of Chinese syllables are the same as Hanyu spellings. However, one major difference is that Tongyong does not use letters 'x' and 'q', which are both used in Hanyu. Below is a chart that compares syllables in Hanyu to those in Tongyong. Below is not an exhaustive list, but a list that show major differences between the two systems. Below are examples of sentences written in Chinese characters, Hanyu Pinyin, and Tongyong Pinyin with English translations. Turgor Turgor means the state of turgidity and resulting rigidity of cells or tissues, typically due to the absorption of fluid. Hence, used in biology. Starships (song) "Starships" is a song by American rapper Nicki Minaj. It is from her second studio album, "". It is the tenth track on the album. It was released on February 14, 2012. The song has a pop rap sound similar to her previous single "Super Bass" and has elements of dance-pop and Eurodance. Minaj co-wrote the song with Wayne Hector, Carl Falk, Rami Yacoub, and its producer, RedOne, who is known for his work with Lady Gaga and Jennifer Lopez. The song has been very successful worldwide, reaching the top ten in countries like the US, UK, Canada, and Australia. Gordon Phillips Gordon David Phillips (17 November 1946 – 3 September 2018) was an English professional football goalkeeper and coach. He made over 200 appearances in the Football League for Brentford. Phillips also played for Hayes from 1961 to 1963 and for Hillingdon Borough from 1973 to 1978. He was born in Uxbridge, London. Phillips died on 3 September 2018 from cancer, aged 71. Renée Fleming Renée Lynn Fleming (born February 14, 1959) is an American opera singer and soprano. Fleming is known for having a full lyric soprano voice. She has sung "chansons", jazz and indie rock. Her best known roles include Countess Almaviva in Mozart's "Le nozze di Figaro", Desdemona in Verdi's "Otello", Violetta in Verdi's "La traviata", the title role in Dvořák's "Rusalka", the title role in Massenet's "Manon", the title role in Massenet's "Thaïs", the title role in Richard Strauss's "Arabella", the Marschallin in "Der Rosenkavalier", and the Countess in "Capriccio". Sanford, Alabama Sanford is a town of Alabama in the United States. Horn Hill, Alabama Horn Hill is a town in Covington County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 228. Hurtsboro, Alabama Hurtsboro is a town of Russell County in the state of Alabama, in the United States. At the 2010 census the population was 553, down from 592 in 2000. It was founded in 1857. Hytop, Alabama Hytop is a town of Alabama in the United States. Indian Springs Village, Alabama Indian Springs Village (often simply called Indian Springs) is a town of Alabama in the United States. An F2 tornado damaged business buildings in the town on March 27, 1994 along with Pelham, Helena, and Inverness. Inverness, Alabama Inverness is an unincorporated community in Shelby County, Alabama, United States. It is a suburb of Birmingham, Alabama. Inverness comes from a Scottish city of the same name. An F2 tornado damaged business buildings here along with Pelham, Helena, and Indian Springs on March 27, 1994. Westover, Alabama Westover is a city in Alabama in the United States. Wilton, Alabama Wilton is a town of Shelby County in the state of Alabama, in the United States. It is also known by the previous names of Birmingham Junction, Bismark, and Catoosa. Vincent, Alabama Vincent is a city of Shelby, St. Clair, and Talladega counties in the state of Alabama, in the United States. It was known as Propel. Springville, Alabama Springville is a city in St. Clair County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 4,080, up from 2,521 in 2000. The city started on December 1880. Moody, Alabama Moody is a city in Alabama in the United States. At the 2010 census, it had about 11,700 people living there. Buckhurst Hill Buckhurst Hill is a town and civil parish in Essex, England. Mooresville, Alabama Mooresville is a town of Limestone County in the state of Alabama, in the United States. It is located southeast of the intersection of Interstate 565 and Interstate 65, and north of Wheeler Lake. The town is between Huntsville and Decatur, and is part of the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area; its population as of the 2010 census is 53, down from 59 in 2000. Lester, Alabama Lester is a town of Alabama in the United States. Jemison, Alabama Jemison is a city in Chilton County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 2,585. Pommiers Pommiers is the name of several communes in France: Jacqueline Pearce Jacqueline Pearce (20 December 1943 – 3 September 2018) was a British movie and television actress. She was best known as the villain Servalan in the British science fiction TV series "Blake's 7". She also starred in "Doctor Who" as Chessene, a bloodthirsty alien. Pearce was diagnosed with lung cancer in May 2018 and died shortly after at her home in Lancashire on 3 September 2018, aged 74. Katyna Ranieri Caterina Ranieri (31 August 1925 – 3 September 2018), known professionally as Katyna Ranieri, was an Italian actress and singer. She was born in Follonica, Italy. She had her first hit in 1954 at the Sanremo Music Festival with the song "Una canzone da due soldi". She was the widow of the Italian film composer Riz Ortolani. She starred in "Goodbye Uncle Tom". Ranieri died on 3 September 2018 in Pesaro, Italy from heart failure at the age of 93. Thomas Sowell Thomas Sowell (; born June 30, 1930) is an American economist and social theorist. He is a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University. Sowell worked at Cornell University and University of California, Los Angeles. He has also worked for think tanks such as the Urban Institute. Since 1980, he has worked at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. He writes from a libertarian conservative perspective. He is a National Humanities Medal recipient for innovative scholarship which incorporated history, economics and political science. Richard Viguerie Richard Art Viguerie (born September 23, 1933) is an American conservative figure, pioneer of political direct mail and writer on politics. He is the current chairman of ConservativeHQ.com. Pasadena, Texas Pasadena is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the city's population is 149,043, making it the seventeenth most populous city in the state of Texas. The area was founded in 1893 by John H. Burnett of Galveston, who named the area after Pasadena, California. Claire Wineland Claire Wineland (April 10, 1997 – September 2, 2018) was an American health activist, entrepreneur and author. She was known for her non-profit organization "Claire’s Place Foundation". She worked to support and organize people with terminal and chronic illness and their families. She was also the author of the book "Every Breath I Take, Surviving and Thriving with Cystic Fibrosis" and a TEDx speaker. Wineland supported Senator Bernie Sanders for President of the United States in the 2016 election. Wineland died, aged 21, on September 2, 2018 from a stroke at a San Diego, California hospital, one week after having a lung transplant. Leslie Jones (comedian) Annette Jones (born September 7, 1967), better known as Leslie Jones, is an American comedian and actress. She is a cast member and writer on "Saturday Night Live". Jones starred in "Ghostbusters" (2016) as Patty Tolan. In 2017 and 2018, Jones was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for her work on "Saturday Night Live". Danny Huston Daniel Sallis Huston (born May 14, 1962) is an American actor, writer, and director. He starred in "Birth", Martin Scorsese’s "The Aviator", "The Constant Gardener", Sofia Coppola’s "Marie Antoinette", Peter Berg’s "The Kingdom", Ridley Scott’s "Robin Hood" and Sacha Gervasi’s "Hitchcock". Huston starred in the thriller series "American Horror Story", portraying The Axeman in ' and Massimo Dolcefino in '. He also starred as General Erich Ludendorff in the 2017 movie "Wonder Woman". Nevada, Missouri Nevada ( "nə--də"; pronounced differently than the state) is a city and a county seat of Vernon County, Missouri, United States. The population was 8,386 at the 2010 census, and 8,171 in the 2012 estimate. Dumbo (2019 movie) Dumbo is an American fantasy adventure movie. It was directed by Tim Burton. It was inspired by Walt Disney's 1941 animated movie also called "Dumbo". It stars Colin Farrell, Michael Keaton, Danny DeVito, Eva Green and Alan Arkin. The movie was released in the United States and United Kingdom on March 11, 2019. It was released in Real D 3D and IMAX 3D. Augustus Loftus Lord Augustus William Frederick Spencer Loftus, (4 October 1817 – 7 March 1904) was a British diplomat and colonial administrator. He was Ambassador to Prussia from 1865 to 1868, to the North German Confederation from 1868 to 1871 and to the Russian Empire from 1871 to 1879 and Governor of New South Wales from 1879 to 1885. Jon Polito Jon Raymond Polito (December 29, 1950 – September 1, 2016) was an American actor. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His best known works were as Detective Steve Crosetti in the first two seasons of "" and as Phil Bartoli on the first season of "Crime Story". Polito starred as "The Rocketeer", "The Crow" and "Gangster Squad", as well as his work with the Coen brothers. He appeared in five of their movies, including "Miller's Crossing", "Barton Fink" and "The Big Lebowski". Polito last appeared as Enrico Banducci in a large supporting role in Tim Burton's 2014 movie "Big Eyes". Polito died from multiple myeloma on September 1, 2016 in Duarte, California, aged 65. Duarte, California Duarte () is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 21,321, down from 21,486 at the 2000 census. Duarte is located at . Tropical Storm Gordon (2018) Tropical Storm Gordon was a tropical cyclone in early September 2018. The storm developed on September 1, 2018. Gordon crossed over southern Florida near Key Largo and Miami on September 3, 2018. The storm went into the Gulf of Mexico later that day. Tropical storm and hurricane warnings were put in effect from southeast Louisiana to the Florida Panhandle. Gordon was expected to become a hurricane before moving onto the United States Gulf Coast. Ken Harrelson Kenneth Smith Harrelson (born September 4, 1941), nicknamed "The Hawk", is an American All-Star first baseman and outfielder in Major League Baseball. He serves as a television broadcast announcer for the Chicago White Sox. He played for the Kansas City Athletics, Washington Senators, Boston Red Sox and the Cleveland Indians. Harrelson was born in Woodruff, South Carolina, but raised in Savannah, Georgia. He studied at the University of Kentucky. Woodruff, South Carolina Woodruff is a city in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 4,101 at the 2010 census. Hinterkaifeck murders Hinterkaifeck was a small farmstead near the Bavarian towns of Ingolstadt and Schrobenhausen. It was about north of Munich. On the evening of 31 March 1922, the six people who lived in the farm were killed. The murders remain unsolved. The six victims were parents Andreas Gruber (63) and Cäzilia (72); their widowed daughter Viktoria Gabriel (35); Viktoria's children, Cäzilia (7) and Josef (2); and the maid, Maria Baumgartner (44). Hinterkaifeck was never an official place name. The name was used for the remote farmstead of the hamlet of Kaifeck, located nearly north of the main part of Kaifeck and hidden in the woods (the prefix "Hinter", part of many German place names, means "behind"), part of the town of Wangen, which was incorporated into Waidhofen in 1971. Tamam Shud case The Tamam Shud case, also known as the Mystery of the Somerton Man, is an unsolved case of an unidentified man found dead at 6:30 am, 1 December 1948, on Somerton beach, Glenelg, just south of Adelaide, South Australia. It is named after the Persian phrase "tamám shud", meaning "ended" or "finished", printed on a scrap of paper found months later in the fob pocket of the man's trousers. The scrap had been torn from the final page of a copy of "Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam", authored by 12th-century poet Omar Khayyám. "Tamam" was misspelt as "Taman" in many early reports and this error. Jessica Thomson living in nearby Glenelg was questioned in connection with the case, her phone number was found in the book. Shortly afterwards, she gave birth to a boy with the same rare ear trait as the unidentified man. Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum theft On March 18, 1990, 13 paintings worth for a total of $500 million were stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston. In the early hours, guards admitted two men posing as police officers responding to a disturbance call. Once inside, the thieves tied up the guards and over the next hour committed the largest-value recorded theft of private property in history. Despite efforts by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and multiple probes around the world, no arrests have been made and no works have been recovered. The museum initially offered a reward of $5 million for information leading to the art's recovery, but in 2017 this was temporarily doubled to $10 million, with an expiration date set to the end of the year. This was extended into 2018 following helpful tips from the public. Isdal Woman The Isdal Woman () is the name given to an unknown woman who was found dead at Isdalen Valley in Bergen, Norway, on 29 November 1970. It is thought to be one of Norway's most profound mysteries. The case has been the subject of intense speculation for many years. The official cause of death was a combination of carbon monoxide poisoning and barbiturate overdose. There are many theories as to who the Isdal Woman was ranging from secret spy to a suicidal woman. Death of Osama bin Laden Osama bin Laden, the founder and first leader of the Islamist group Al-Qaeda, was killed in Pakistan on May 2, 2011 shortly after 1:00 am PKT (20:00 UTC, May 1) by United States Navy SEALs of the U.S. Naval Special Warfare Development Group (also known as DEVGRU or SEAL Team Six). The raid. The operation, code-named Operation Neptune Spear, was carried out in a CIA-led operation with Joint Special Operations Command. The operation ended a nearly 10-year search for bin Laden, following his role in the September 11 attacks on the United States. The raid on bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan was launched from Afghanistan. U.S. military officials said that after the raid U.S. forces took bin Laden's body to Afghanistan for identification, then buried him at sea within 24 hours of his death in accordance with Islamic tradition. The SEALs encountered the residents in the compound's guest house, in its main building on the first floor where two adult males lived, and on the second and third floors where bin Laden lived with his family. The second and third floors were the last section of the compound to be cleared. There were reportedly "small knots of children ... on every level, including the balcony of bin Laden's room". bin Laden was killed in the raid and initial versions said three other men and a woman were killed as well: bin Laden's adult son Khalid, bin Laden's courier Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti, al-Kuwaiti's brother Abrar, and Abrar's wife Bushra. Al-Qaeda confirmed the death on May 6 with posts made on militant websites, vowing to avenge the killing. Approval. The raid was supported by over 90% of the American public, United Nations, NATO, the European Union, along with a large number of governments, but was criticized by two-thirds of the Pakistani public. Also controversial was the decision not to release any photographic or DNA evidence of bin Laden's death to the public. Aftermath. In the aftermath of the killing, Pakistani Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani created a commission under Senior Justice Javed Iqbal. The resulting Abbottabad Commission Report, which revealed Pakistani state military and intelligence authorities’ “collective failure” that enabled bin Laden to hide in Pakistan for nine years. Disappearance of Bobby Dunbar Bobby Dunbar was an American boy whose disappearance at the age of four and apparent return was widely reported in newspapers across the United States in 1912 and 1913. In August 1912, the Dunbars took a fishing trip to nearby Swayze Lake in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana. On August 23, while on that trip, Bobby Dunbar disappeared. After an eight-month nationwide search, investigators believed that they had found the child in Mississippi, in the hands of William Cantwell Walters of North Carolina. Dunbar's parents claimed the boy as their missing son. However, both Walters and a woman named Julia Anderson said that the boy with him was Anderson's son. Julia Anderson could not afford a lawyer, and the court eventually sided for the Dunbars. Percy and Lessie Dunbar retained custody of the child, who proceeded to live out the remainder of his life as Bobby Dunbar. In 2004, DNA test found that the boy found with Walters and "returned" to the Dunbars as Bobby had not been a blood relative of the Dunbar family. Since the DNA testing is conclusive, the fate of the actual Bobby Dunbar remains unsolved. Operation Eagle Claw Operation Eagle Claw, known as Operation Tabas () in Iran, was a United States Armed Forces operation ordered by U.S. President Jimmy Carter to try to end the Iran hostage crisis by rescuing 52 embassy staff held captive at the Embassy of the United States, Tehran on 24 April 1980. Its failure damaged U.S. prestige worldwide. Carter himself blamed his loss in the 1980 U.S. presidential election mainly on his failure to win the release of the hostages. Geoffrey Owens Geoffrey Louis Owens (born March 18, 1961) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Elvin Tibideaux on "The Cosby Show" (1985–1992). In 2017, Owens played an Assistant Dean on the FOX drama series "Lucifer". In September 2018, a customer at a Trader Joe's took a picture of Owens, who worked the cash register. The publication of the photos has been characterized as "job shaming". Thomas Bangalter Thomas Bangalter (born 3 January 1975) is a French musician, half of the duo Daft Punk, together with Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo, in the sub-genre known as French House (Filter House/Tekfunk). Los Gatos, California Los Gatos is a city in Santa Clara County, California, United States. It is in the San Francisco Bay Area, about 70 miles south of San Francisco. It is on the edge of Silicon Valley. The town grew rapidly in the 1960s, and now has 30,000 inhabitants. California State Route 17 runs through the town from south to north. Mission Oaks Hospital is the biggest employer, with 2,000 staff. Netflix is an online movie rental service headquartered in Los Gatos. San Ramon, California San Ramon is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States, located 34 miles east of San Francisco, and within the San Ramon Valley. San Ramon's population was estimated as 76,134 in mid-2015 by the US Census Bureau, making it the 4th largest city in Contra Costa County, after Richmond, Concord and Antioch. Gwoyeu Romatzyh Gwoyeu Romatzyh (pinyin: "Guóyǔ luómǎzì", literally "National Language Romanization"), abbreviated GR, is a romanization of Mandarin Chinese, or a way to write Mandarin using the Roman alphabet, made by Yuen Ren Chao and some other linguists in the late 1920s. It was made as a way to write Mandarin using tonal spelling, or spelling rules that would change the syllable's spelling depending on its tone. For example, the syllable "chai" would be written as "chai" if it has the first Mandarin tone (or "chāi" in Pinyin), "chair" if it has the second tone ("chái")", chae" if it has the third tone ("chǎi")"," and "chay" if it had the fourth tone (chài). Y.R. Chao created GR in order to increase literacy in China because China's illiteracy was very high in the early 20th century. He made it that tones could be written without extra tone markers, which can be long and difficult to add when printing. Even though many other Asian languages use tonal spelling, like Hmong, they all represent tones by using the same letter each time the tone is used. In Hmong, for example, "-b is always" a high tone, "-s" is always a low tone, "-j" is always high-falling tone. In GR, however, each syllable final has its own spelling rules, and many exceptions exist within these rules. For example, first tone words with the final "-a" as in "bā" is written with just one vowel like "ba", except when the syllable begins with an "l-, m-," or "n-", which then must be written as "lha, mha," and "nha" in that order. This is only one of its many rules and exceptions. Unsurprisingly, many people thought GR was too difficult to learn. Nonetheless, it still has many supporters, and they would rather learn using GR than Pinyin. While supporters of GR claim that it helps users of GR remember tones better than people who just use Pinyin, studies have not supported this claim. As a matter of fact, one study showed that after one year, the subjects who learned Chinese using Pinyin could more accurately speak Mandarin with tones than those who learned using GR. After the Communist Party took over China, it tried to replaced all romanizations of Chinese, including GR, with Pinyin. While GR is not an official romanization in Taiwan, it can be seen in several places, including road signs, people's names, and the names of products, even though Hanyu Pinyin is the official romanization of Taiwan. Even though almost all romanizations in mainland China today are in Pinyin, there are still some exceptions. For example, the name of the province Shaanxi is written in GR rather than in Pinyin, which would be Shǎnxī with tone markers, because there is already another province named Shanxi, which is written as Shānxī with tones. If the Pinyin names were to be written without tone markers (which they often are in everyday Pinyin), they should both be spelled Shanxi. Therefore they would be impossible to tell apart using just Pinyin without tones. Therefore, an exception has been made in this case. Below are examples of sentences written in Chinese characters, Pinyin, and GR with English translations. Arch of Septimus Severus The Arch of Septimius Severus () is at the northwest end of the Roman Forum. It is a white marble triumphal arch. It was dedicated in 203 AD after the Parthian victories of Emperor Septimius Severus and his two sons. Two campaigns were fought against the Parthians in 194/195 and 197–199 AD. The sons were Caracalla and Geta. After the death of Septimius Severus, his sons were initially joint emperors. Caracalla had Geta assassinated in 212; Geta's memorials were destroyed. All images or mentions of him were removed from public buildings and monuments. So, Geta's image and inscriptions were removed from the arch (damnatio memoriae). Flags of cities of the United States The flags of the cities of the United States exhibit a wide variety of regional influences and local histories, as well as widely different styles and design principles. Florida. Many flags of Floridian cities feature their city seal on a saltire, incorporating elements from the Floridian flag, itself based on the former Spanish flag, into their designs. New York. Some city flags of New York, such as that of Albany and New York, feature colors from the Dutch Prince's Flag in their designs, due to the prominence of the Netherlands in the history of New York. CBS Television Distribution CBS Television Distribution/CBS Media Ventures is an American television distribution company founded in 2007 Now in January 2021. It was formed from CBS Paramount Domestic Television and King World Productions CBS Television Distribution (CTD) is the former name of CBS Media Ventures, an American television distribution company, formed from the merger of CBS Corporation's two domestic television distribution arms CBS Paramount Domestic Television and King World Productions, including the home entertainment arm CBS Home Entertainment. The division, the main distribution arm of CBS Paramount Network Television (now CBS Television Studios) and of the CBS television network, was formed on September 26, 2006, by CBS Corporation and was headed by Roger King, the CEO of King World until his death in 2007 CBS Media Ventures is an American television distribution company, formed from the merger of CBS Corporation's two domestic television distribution arms CBS Paramount Domestic Television and King World Productions, including the home entertainment arm CBS Home Entertainment. The division, the main distribution arm of CBS Paramount Network Television (now CBS Television Studios) and of the CBS television network, was formed on September 26, 2006, by CBS Corporation and was headed by Roger King, the CEO of King World until his death in 2007 Comes TV Show Rachael Ray The company handles distribution rights to acquired series, mini-series, and made-for-TV films from the Paramount Television libraries (such as those of Desilu Productions, Paramount Television, Viacom Productions and Enterprises, Republic Pictures Television, Big Ticket Entertainment, Spelling Television, and Worldvision Enterprises), and series, mini-series, and made-for-TV films from the CBS television libraries (such as those by CBS Productions, King World Productions, the majority of those by Group W Productions, and its own first-run broadcast syndication and off-network television series). CBS also handles the TV rights to much of its own theatrical films. The company formerly distributed the film libraries from Paramount Pictures and Republic Pictures, among others. The company is also responsible for international television distribution rights to series by Rysher Entertainment including certain HBO series through its CBS Studios International division. This would mark the sixth distribution name for CBS as CBS Television Film Sales was the first (1952–1958), CBS Films, Inc. was the second (1958–1967), CBS Enterprises was the third (1968–1971), Eyemark Entertainment was the fourth (1995–2000), and CBS Paramount Domestic Television was the fifth (2006–2012). From 2006 to 2008, CTD distributed the DreamWorks Television and DreamWorks Pictures libraries in conjunction with Tribune Entertainment, after Viacom's acquisition of DreamWorks in February 2006, but before the studio was spun off. These distribution rights are now held by Disney-ABC Domestic Television (for live-action TV series and post-9/2005 live-action films) and Trifecta Entertainment & Media (for earlier live-action films and all animated productions). Until May 2009, CTD distributed the Paramount Pictures library on television. By then, CBS also dropped the name "Paramount" from television for good, renaming CBS Paramount Television to CBS Television Studios. Paramount has also joined up with Trifecta. However, CTD continues to distribute films currently copyrighted by CBS (or a subdivision thereof), including those films from Cinema Center Films and CBS Theatrical Films, along with a few select entries to which CBS bought ancillary rights in later years, such as "My Fair Lady". The current moniker for CTD's overseas distribution arm is CBS Studios International (since 2009). Its predecessors were CBS Broadcast International and CBS Paramount International Television. In 2012, CBS Television Distribution ceased to be a corporate entity, becoming a division of CBS Studios, Inc in 2021 CBS Media Ventures a CBS Viacom in December 2019 of Jeopardy & Wheel of Fortune Plus Debmar Mercury Like Family Feud The Wendy Williams Show or Other or Show Like The Oprah Winfrey Show Dr Phil & Rachael Ray Stay Home with Rachael or at Home with Rachael Mighty Mouse The New Adventures Awk Awk is a programming language usually used for data extraction—taking data (information) from sources. Vladimir Guerrero Vladimir Alvino Guerrero (born February 9, 1975), nicknamed Vlad, Vlady and Vlad the Impaler, is a Dominican former professional baseball player who spent 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right fielder and designated hitter. He played for the Montreal Expos (1996–2003), Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (2004–09), Texas Rangers (2010), and Baltimore Orioles (2011). Guerrero is considered one of the greatest batters of all time, and is widely regarded as the best "bad ball" batter of all time (the ability to hit pitches outside of the strike zone). He was well known for putting the ball into play, and particularly on the first pitch. He had exceptional hands at the plate, and would bat without batting gloves. Guerrero was able to hit for both power and average. In the outfield, Guerrero was sometimes considered a defensive liability, prone to making errors, which resulted in him being a designated hitter in the last stage of his remarkable career, but he was also known to have a very powerful throwing arm that allowed him to make outfield assists on base runners. Many baseball fans and critics believe Guerrero's career was overshadowed by those of other players due to playing for a small fan base in Montreal, and similarly, many believe that he deserved to win the 2000 National League Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award for his remarkable season, an award which instead was won by Barry Bonds. Guerrero barely missed being elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame on the first ballot (first year of candidacy), but he was admitted in on the second ballot. One of Guerrero's sons, Vladimir Guerrero Jr., plays in MLB. Jalaluddin Haqqani Mawlawi Jalaluddin Haqqani (1939 – 3 September 2018) was an Afghan militant. He was the leader of the Haqqani network, a fighting group in guerilla warfare against US-led NATO forces. By 2004, he was directing pro-Taliban militants to launch a holy war in Afghanistan. Within Pakistan, Jalaluddin had a relation with Pakistan but he did not act against the TTP. He was the most experienced Islamist leader in the region. Steve Coll, author of "Ghost Wars", claims that Haqqani introduced suicide bombing in the Afghanistan-Pakistan region. On 3 September 2018, the Taliban released a statement via Twitter saying that Haqqani died from a terminal illness in his late 70s. Paul Koech Paul Koech (25 June 1969 – 4 September 2018) was a Kenyan distance and marathon runner. He was known for his competition at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in 1998 and finished in first place. He was also a regular competitor in the IAAF World Cross Country Championships with several top-5 positions. Koech died on 4 September 2018 at a hospital in Nairobi from a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 49. Marijan Beneš Marijan Beneš (; 11 June 1951 – 4 September 2018) was a Yugoslav-Bosnian boxer. He was born in Belgrade. He was thought of as one of the best in Yugoslav history. After an amateur career, he won the gold medal in European Amateur Boxing Championships in Belgrade, he turned professional in 1977, and won the European Boxing Union title in the light welterweight in 1979. Beneš retired from the ring in 1983, after a severe eye injury. Beneš died of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina on 4 September 2018, aged 67. Gloria Jean Gloria Jean (April 14, 1926 – August 31, 2018) was an American actress and singer. She starred or co-starred in 26 feature movies between 1939 and 1959. Her best known roles were in "The Under-Pup", "Pardon My Rhythm", and "Manhattan Angel". Jean died of heart failure in Mountain View, Hawaii on August 31, 2018 at the age of 92. Mountain View, Hawaii Mountain View is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States located in the District of Puna. The population was 3,924 at the 2010 census. Anita Lindman Anita Lindman (née Lamm; 14 May 1932 – 31 August 2018) was a Swedish television announcer and producer. She was known for the children's program "Anita och Televinken", which she both produced and announced for. She was a daughter of Uno Lamm and Ingalill Beckman. Lindman died in Norrtälje on 31 August 2018, aged 86. Johnny Gilbert John L. Gilbert III (born July 13, 1928) is an American television personality and actor. He worked mainly on television game shows. He was a nightclub singer and entertainer before becoming an announced for television game shows. He is known for his work as the announcer and audience host for the syndicated version of the quiz show "Jeopardy!" since its revival in 1984. Gilbert was born in Newport News, Virginia. In 2017 Gilbert was honored by the Guinness Book of World Records for having the longest career as a game show announcer for a single show, after 32 years with Jeopardy. Moira Yip Moira Yip is a British linguist. She earned her PhD in Linguistics in 1980 from MIT. She retired in 2009 from University College London (UCL). She had been Professor of Linguistics there. At UCL she also was co-director of the Centre for Human Communication. She was also Pro-Provost for China. Before joining UCL, she was Professor of Linguistics and Acting Dean at the University of California-Irvine (1992-1999) and Associate Professor at Brandeis University (1982-1992). Moira Yip worked on theory of phonology (ideas about how sound is important in language). She was especially interested in phonology of Chinese. Her dissertation on the "Tonal phonology of Chinese" was published in the "Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics" series (Routledge). In 2002 she published the first modern textbook on tone in the Cambridge University Press linguistics textbook series. She is married to business academic, George Yip. Junko Itō Junko Itō is a linguist. She was born in Japan and works in the United States. She earned her Ph.D. in Linguistics in 1986 at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Her doctoral supervisor was Alan Prince. She is a professor of linguistics at the University of California, Santa Cruz. She was chair of the department from 1999-2006. Itō mostly researches phonology and morphology. Her work on syllable structure is well-known. She has studied and written about rendaku in the Japanese language. Her work has been published in Linguistic Inquiry and other peer-reviewed research journals in linguistics. She often works with another UCSC professor, her husband Armin Mester. She is the daughter of mathematician Kiyoshi Itō. Publications. 2015 Ito, Junko, and Armin Mester. The perfect prosodic word in Danish. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 38(1). 5-36. 2015 Ito, Junko, and Armin Mester. Sino-Japanese Phonology. Chapter 7 of Handbook of Japanese Phonetics and Phonology. 2015. ed. by H. Kubozono. pp. 289–312. 2015 Ito, Junko, and Armin Mester. Word Formation and Phonological Processes. Chapter 9 of Handbook of Japanese Phonetics and Phonology. 2015. ed. by H. Kubozono. pp. 363–395. Mouton de Gruyter Series Handbooks of Japanese Language and Linguistics. 2013 Ito, Junko, and Armin Mester. Prosodic Subcategories in Japanese. Lingua 124. 20-40. 2009 Ito, Junko, and Armin Mester. The onset of the prosodic word. In Parker, Steve, ed. Phonological Argumentation: Essays on Evidence and Motivation. London: Equinox. 227-260. 2009 Ito, Junko, and Armin Mester. Lexical classes in phonology. In Miyagawa, Shigeru, and Mamoru Saito, eds. Handbook of Japanese Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 84-106. 2007 Ito, Junko, and Armin Mester. Prosodic adjunction in Japanese compounds. MIT Working Papers in Linguistics 55: Formal Approaches to Japanese Linguistics 4. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 97-111. 2003 Ito, Junko, and Armin Mester. Japanese Morphophonemics: Markedness and Word Structure. MIT Press Linguistic Inquiry Monograph Series 41. Cambridge, Mass. 1999 Ito, Junko, and Armin Mester. The structure of the phonological lexicon. In Tsujimura, Natsuko, ed. The Handbook of Japanese Linguistics. Malden, MA, and Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishers. 62-100. 1996 Ito, Junko, Yoshihisa Kitagawa, and Armin Mester. Prosodic faithfulness and correspondence. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 5. 217-294. 1995 Ito, Junko, Armin Mester, and Jaye Padgett. Licensing and redundancy: underspecification in Optimality Theory. Linguistic Inquiry 26. 571-614. 1995 Ito, Junko, and Armin Mester. Japanese phonology. In Goldsmith, John, ed.,The Handbook of Phonological Theory. Blackwell. 817-838. 1986 Ito, Junko, and Armin Mester. The phonology of voicing in Japanese: theoretical consequences for morphological accessibility. Linguistic Inquiry 17.1. 49-73. 1985 Ito, Junko. Consonant Loss in Danish and Phonological Theory, Descriptive and Applied Linguistics 18, 109-120. 1984 Ito, Junko. Melodic Dissimilation in Ainu, Linguistic Inquiry 15.3, 505-513. Other websites. Video: Junko Ito, Armin Mester (UC Santa Cruz), 2013: "Supersized Units": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duYc4W4Lhp4 Related pages. List of women linguists Hyperaccumulator A hyperaccumulator is a plant that can grow in soils with very high concentrations of metals. Featured by the BBC is a tree on the island of New Caledonia, "Pycnandra acuminata", which grows on soil rich in nickel. Many different plants do this in several different plant families. The advantage of hyperaccumulation of metals may be that the toxic levels of heavy metals in leaves deter herbivores (defence against herbivory). Several gene families are involved in hyperaccumulation including absorbing and storing heavy metals. The genes most usually involved are the ZIP gene family. These genes code for membrane receptors for the transport of, for example, zinc molecules. These hyperaccumulation genes (HA genes) are found in over 450 plant species, including the model organisms "Arabidopsis" and the Brassicaceae. Expression of HA genes allows the plant to uptake and sequester metals such as As, Co, Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg, Se, Mn, Zn, Mo and Ni in 100–1000 times the concentration found in sister species or populations. Subroutine In computer programming, a subroutine is a code that is comprised of more codes — just like everything in programming — its purpose is the same: execute an instruction/command. Because subroutines are shorter, they can be typed faster and therefore be used more by programmers, hence saving time by being able to code faster. Subroutines are commonly paired with parameter, a type of variable. SDP-Liberal Alliance The S.D.P-Liberal Alliance was an alliance between the Social Democratic Party (S.D.P) and the Liberal Party. The two British political parties promised to help each other in order to try to win the 1983 and 1987 UK general elections. The alliance won around a quarter of the vote each time. In 1988, the two parties decided to join together to form the Liberal Democrats. Presbyterian Church in Ireland The Presbyterian Church in Ireland is the largest Presbyterian church in Ireland and the biggest Protestant denomination in Northern Ireland. It has over 225,000 members, represented by over 500 congregations. Student council A student council is an organization made by students. Tasks. Head of student council. The heads of the student council are mostly two pupils who are contact persons for the principal, teachers, students and parents. They represent the interests of all pupils and are in contact with the principal (monthly conversations). Also, they tell teachers about the students’ requests and complaints and try to solve problems. The head of the student council is automatically a member of the student council and convenes their meetings. They are also the leader of these meetings. The head of the student council is responsible for the spreading of information and they have to put the decisions of the student council into practice. But they can also put their own ideas, which they have suggested in their election program, into reality. Student council. They student council has to show an interest in the opinions and the suggestions pupils have for the improvement of the school. This means that the student representatives work for the interests of the students and bring them to the school management. Specifically, the student representatives have a right to be heard by the school management if the pupils have any concerns. These concerns may include suggestions for improvement in classroom teaching, conflicts with the teaching staff or organizational issues, or any other concerns. The student representatives should take care that not every issue has to be reported directly to the school management. Many problems can also be solved by talking directly to the participants. Another important task of the student representation is to form working groups and to take over the planning of school projects. For example, if student representatives decide to collect money for an improvement at school, they may set up a committee to organize a sponsorship run or a charity concert. Elections. Every student council has a head with mostly two pupils. Every year pupils can volunteer to stand for election. They have to present their election program. In the election program the candidates present their goals for the school year to the other pupils. All pupils take part in the election and elect the new head of the student council. The other part of the student council are the class speakers. They are elected by their class mates. All class speakers are automatically in the student council. Student councils in different countries. Germany: In German schools the student council represents the students and their ideas and wishes. They plan school events and their election is a must. Norway:                         All schools in Norway have to have a student council by law. The purpose of the student council is to improve their school by encouraging social and cultural events and also events outside of school. The student councils are governed by a management which is either elected directly or by the student council. Ireland: Since 1998 in Ireland there has been constant evolution of student councils in primary schools. Schools and staff assist the creation of the student council. Finland: Secondary high schools and vocational schools in Finland have student councils. They include all the students of the institution, but their status is not very important. The act demands that they should be heard in all matters connected to the education in the institution, but this is often not done. Spain: Most Spanish universities have student councils which are regulated by law, however schools don’t have any. Some of the basic points are the 24% of student representation in the board. The council is elected by universal assent of the students. United Kingdom: In Wales a student council, often called different names, is required in every kind of school. The Council has to meet regularly. The head of the students is elected by the students.                  Chris Stuckmann Christopher Stuckmann (born April 15, 1988) is an American movie critic, movie director, producer, author, and YouTube star. As of September 2018, he has more than 1.3 million subscribers, and over 360 million total video views. In 2017, he directed, produced, edited, and wrote the short comedic horror movie "Auditorium 6" which earned him multiple awards. Damoh district Damoh District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Phi Tai Hong Phi Tai Hong () is a ghost of Thai folklore. It is the vengeful and restless spirit of a person who suffered a violent or cruel death. Rhetorical Triangle The Rhetorical Triangle represents the three rhetorical appeals created by Aristotle. The Greek terms "pathos", "logos", and "ethos" compose the triangle. "Pathos" means appealing to emotions; "ethos" means appealing to ethics; "logos" means logic. The balance of these terms creates a powerful way to convey a message in any communication style. Examples of each Greek term. This is ethos because it refers to reputable sources. This is pathos because it appeals to emotions of readers. This is an example of logos because it offers statistics to support a claim. Business writing Business writing is a form of professional communication that typically consists of memorandums, emails, letters, and other documents. Usually found within a work environment, business writing helps employees communicate efficiently. Business writing is also used for communication with outside sources such as other companies or customers. The goal of business writing is to clearly define to your audience what you are trying to portray. Based on what kind of audience you are writing to, (boss, coworkers, customers, other companies) certain formats will be expected. Your audience also dictates the content of the document and its tone. In most cases, a professional tone is expected although in some instances, such as with coworkers a more casual tone can be used. Kennedy, Alabama Kennedy is a town in Alabama in the United States. Jacksons' Gap, Alabama Jackson's Gap is a town in Tallapoosa County, Alabama which is in the United States. New Site, Alabama New Site is a town of Alabama in the United States. Killen, Alabama Killen is a town of Alabama in the United States. Kinston, Alabama Kinston is a town of Alabama in the United States. Langston, Alabama Langston is a town of Jackson County in the state of Alabama, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 270, up from 254 in 2000 census. Villedieu Villedieu is the name of several communes in France: Villedieu may also refer to: Parfondeval Parfondeval is the name of two communes in France: Morcourt Morcourt is the name of two communes in France: Orgeval Orgeval is the name of two communes in France: Fouke, Arkansas Fouke is a city of the state of Arkansas in the United States of America. Dix, Illinois Dix is a village of Illinois in the United States. Hudson, Illinois Hudson is a village of Illinois in the United States. Westwood, Iowa Westwood is a city in Iowa in the United States. Winfield, Iowa Winfield is a city in Iowa in the United States. Stockport, Iowa Stockport is a city in Iowa in the United States. The population was 296 at the 2010 census. Natural Bridge, Alabama Natural Bridge is a town of Winston County in the state of Alabama, in the United States. It is near the intersection of U.S. Highway 278, Alabama Highway 13, and Alabama State Route 5. Strawberry Point, Iowa Strawberry Point is a city in Iowa in the United States. The Lion King (2019 movie) The Lion King is a 2019 American musical adventure comedy-drama movie written by Jeff Nathanson, and directed and produced by Jon Favreau. It is a remake of the 1994 animated movie of the same name and was produced by Walt Disney Pictures. The movie stars the voices of Donald Glover, Beyoncé, James Earl Jones, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Billy Eichner, Seth Rogen, John Kani, John Oliver, Eric Andre, Florence Kasumba, Amy Sedaris and Alfre Woodard with Keegan-Michael Key. Hans Zimmer composed the movie score. There is an original song by Elton John. Much of the main cast signed on in early-2017. Filming of the movie began that summer at a movie studio in Los Angeles. The movie was released on July 19, 2019, the 25th anniversary of the animated classic. Christopher Lawford Christopher Kennedy "Chris" Lawford (March 29, 1955 – September 4, 2018) was an American writer, actor, producer and political activist. He was a member of the Kennedy family. He was the son of actor Peter Lawford and Patricia Kennedy Lawford. Lawford was born in Santa Monica, California. Lawford was known for his roles in "", "Thirteen Days", and "General Hospital". Lawford died of a heart attack on the night of September 4, 2018 in Los Angeles at the age of 63. Ayanna Pressley Ayanna Soyini Pressley (born February 3, 1974) is an American politician. She is the member of the United States House of Representatives for Massachusetts's 7th congressional district since January 3, 2019. She defeated incumbent Mike Capuano in the primary election and running unopposed in the November 2018 general election. She was an at-large member of the Boston City Council in Boston, Massachusetts. She was the first non-White person elected to the council. Pressley was the 2018 Democratic nominee for Massachusetts's 7th congressional district, after beating incumbent Michael Capuano. Pressley is member of "The Squad" along with Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ilhan Omar and Rashida Tlaib. In 2020, Pressley endorsed Elizabeth Warren for president. Mike Capuano Michael Everett Capuano (; born January 9, 1952) is an American politician. He served as the U.S. Representative for until 2019. He is a Democrat. Before being elected to Congress, he was as an Alderman and Mayor of Somerville, Massachusetts. In 1998 Capuano won a crowded Democratic primary to replace Joseph Kennedy II in Congress and was re-elected nine times until 2018. In Congress he was a strong liberal and member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus. Capuano ran in the 2010 special election to fill the seat in the United States Senate made vacant by the death of Ted Kennedy, but lost the primary to Martha Coakley. In 2018, he was defeated by Ayanna Pressley in a House Democratic primary in an "upset result". Lydia Clarke Lydia Marie Clarke (April 14, 1923 – September 3, 2018) was an American actress and photographer. In 1944, she married Academy Award-winning actor Charlton Heston. They had two children and would remain married until Heston's death in 2008. She starred in "The Atomic City", "Bad for Each Other", and in "Will Penny". She was born in Two Rivers, Wisconsin and died at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles on September 3, 2018, aged 95. Two Rivers, Wisconsin Two Rivers is a city in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 11,712 at the 2010 census. It is known for having the first ice cream sundae created and sold. It is located along Lake Michigan. Ab McDonald Alvin Brian "Ab" McDonald (February 18, 1936 – September 4, 2018) was a Canadian ice hockey forward. He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He played for the Montreal Canadiens, Chicago Black Hawks, Detroit Red Wings, Boston Bruins, Pittsburgh Penguins and St. Louis Blues. McDonald died from cancer on September 4, 2018 in Winnipeg at the age of 82. Bridge of Spies (movie) Bridge of Spies is a 2015 historical drama movie directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg. It was written by Matt Charman, Ethan and Joel Coen. It stars Tom Hanks, Mark Rylance, Amy Ryan, and Alan Alda. It is set during the Cold War about the story of lawyer James B. Donovan who is trying to release Francis Gary Powers—a U.S. Air Force pilot whose U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union in 1960—in exchange for Rudolf Abel, a convicted Soviet KGB spy. The movie was released by Touchstone Pictures on October 16, 2015, in the United States and distributed by 20th Century Fox in other countries. It was a box office success, grossing $165 million worldwide. The movie received six Academy Award nominations including Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay, and won Best Supporting Actor for Rylance. The BFG (2016 movie) The BFG (titled onscreen as Roald Dahl's The BFG) is a 2016 American fantasy adventure movie directed and produced by Steven Spielberg, written by Melissa Mathison and based on Roald Dahl’s 1982 novel of the same name. The movie stars Mark Rylance, Ruby Barnhill, Penelope Wilton, Jemaine Clement, Rebecca Hall, Rafe Spall, and Bill Hader. This is Spielberg's first movie for Walt Disney Pictures. The movie was released in the United States in Disney Digital 3-D, RealD 3D, and IMAX 3D on July 1, 2016. The movie received positive reviews, but only made $183 million against its $140 million budget making it a box-office bomb. The Post (movie) The Post is a 2017 American historical-drama-political thriller movie directed and produ ced by Steven Spielberg and written by Liz Hannah and Josh Singer. It stars Meryl Streep as Katharine Graham, the first female publisher of a major American newspaper, and Tom Hanks as Ben Bradlee, the executive editor of "The Washington Post", with Sarah Paulson, Bob Odenkirk, Tracy Letts, Bradley Whitford, David Cross, Bruce Greenwood, Carrie Coon, and Matthew Rhys. It was released for a short time on December 22, 2017 until releasing worldwide on January 12, 2018. It made $178 million worldwide. It got good reviews from the critics with an 88% on Rotten Tomatoes. Many critics called the movie as one of the best movies of 2017. It was nominated for Best Picture and Best Actress (for Streep) at the 90th Academy Awards. Plot. The film is set in 1971, "The Post" is about the true story of attempts by journalists at "The Washington Post" to publish the "Pentagon Papers", classified documents about the 30-year involvement of the United States government in the Vietnam War. It begins with Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara telling the public he supports the war effort but privately telling Ellsberg and Macomber that the war is lost. Years later, Ellsberg secretly makes copies of many classified documents about the Vietnam War. He brings them to Neil Sheehan of the New York Times. Katharine Graham leads the Washington Post and faces a dominant male industry. The Post eventually acquires the same material and begins assembling thousands of documents. Tension arises over whether to publish because the Post could face charges in court. Bradlee and Graham learn former Presidents and friends deceived them. Nevertheless, Graham decides to publish the reports. The Post and The Times appear in court and win. The "New York Times Co. v. United States" decision allows the media to print the classified documents. The film ends showing the Watergate burglary. Tracy Letts Tracy S. Letts (born July 4, 1965) is an American playwright, screenwriter, and actor. He won the 2008 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for his play "" and a Tony Award for his role as George in the revival of "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?". He is also known for his role of Andrew Lockhart in seasons 3 and 4 of Showtime's "Homeland". Ready Player One (movie) Ready Player One is a 2018 American science fiction adventure movie produced and directed by Steve Box, Steven Spielberg, and written by Zak Penn and Ernest Cline. It is based on Cline's 2011 novel of the same name. The movie stars Tye Sheridan, Olivia Cooke, Ben Mendelsohn, Lena Waithe, T.J. Miller, Simon Pegg, and Mark Rylance. The movie takes place in 2045 where the rest of humanity uses the virtual reality software OASIS to escape the darkness of the real world. It was theatrically released by Warner Bros. Pictures in the United States on March 29, 2018, in 2D, Real D 3D, IMAX and IMAX 3D. It made $582 million worldwide. The movie received generally positive reviews. Incredibles 2 Incredibles 2 is a 2018 American computer-animated movie produced by Pixar. It was directed by Brad Bird. It is the sequel to "The Incredibles" (2004) and second installment of the franchise. Release. "Incredibles 2" was released by Walt Disney Pictures. It was released in the United States on June 15, 2018, in Disney Digital 3-D, Dolby Cinema and IMAX. Reputation. It received strong positive reviews. The movie made $182.7 million in its opening weekend, setting the record for best debut for an animated movie and has made over $1.1 billion worldwide, making it the second highest-grossing animated movie (behind "Frozen"). Voice cast. Holly Hunter, Sarah Vowell and Samuel L. Jackson return in the movie; other stars include Huckleberry Milner (replacing Spencer Fox), Bob Odenkirk, Catherine Keener and Jonathan Banks (replacing Bud Luckey). Typhoon Jebi (2018) Typhoon Jebi, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Maymay, is currently a weakening cyclone over Primorsky Krai, Russia. Jebi was tied as the most intense tropical cyclone of the Northern Hemisphere in 2018, and is thought to be the strongest typhoon to strike Japan since Typhoon Yancy in 1993. Jebi formed as the twenty-first named storm of the 2018 annual typhoon season on August 28. It reached peak intensity on August 31 after striking the Northern Mariana Islands. Jebi initiated a slow weakening trend on September 2 and made landfall over Shikoku and then the Kansai region of Japan as a very strong typhoon on September 4. It died down on September 7. Aldrich Ames Aldrich Hazen Ames (; born May 26, 1941) is a former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) officer turned KGB secret spy. He was convicted of espionage in 1994. He is serving a life sentence without the possibility of parole in the Federal Correctional Institution in Terre Haute, Indiana, United States. Ames was formerly a 31-year CIA counterintelligence analyst who committed espionage against the U.S. by spying for the Soviet Union and Russia. Robert Hanssen Robert Philip Hanssen (born April 18, 1944) is a former Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent. He spied for Soviet and Russian intelligence services against the United States from 1979 to 2001. His espionage was called by the Department of Justice as "possibly the worst intelligence disaster in U.S. history." He is serving a 15 consecutive life sentences at ADX Florence, a federal supermax prison near Florence, Colorado. Genesis Rodriguez Genesis Rodriguez (born July 29, 1987) is an American actress. She began her careers in the Telemundo telenovelas "Prisionera" (2004), "Dame Chocolate" (2007) and "Doña Bárbara" (2008–2009). Rodriguez played Sarah on "Entourage" (2010–2011) and Jane Walker on "Time After Time" (2017), and has starred in the movies "Man on a Ledge" (2012), "Casa de Mi Padre" (2012), "What to Expect When You're Expecting" (2012), "The Last Stand" (2013), "Tusk" (2014) and "Run All Night" (2015). Rodriguez was the voice for Honey Lemon in "Big Hero 6" (2014). Billy Eichner Billy Eichner (born September 18, 1978) is an American comedian, actor, writer, and television personality. He is the star, executive producer and creator of Funny Or Die's "Billy on the Street". Eichner was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for "Outstanding Game Show Host" in 2013. He is also known for playing Craig Middlebrooks on the sitcom "Parks and Recreation". Eichner is openly gay. John Kani Bonisile John Kani (born November 30, 1942) is a South African actor, director and playwright. He is known for his role as T'Chaka in the Marvel studios blockbusters "" and "Black Panther" and also the 2011 movie "How to Steal 2 Million". His left eye was lost in an incident with the South African police in 1975 and he now wears a prosthetic. In August 2017, Kani was cast to perform the voice of Rafiki in the 2019 CGI remake of "The Lion King" directed by Jon Favreau. Eric André Eric Samuel André (born April 4, 1983) is an American actor, comedian and television host. He is the creator, host, and co-writer of "The Eric Andre Show" on Adult Swim and played Mike on the FXX series "Man Seeking Woman". Rachael Bland Rachael Bland (née Hodges, 21 January 1978 – 5 September 2018) was a Welsh journalist and a presenter. She worked with BBC Radio 5 Live and "BBC North West Tonight". She was known for her podcast, "You, Me and the Big C", where she talked about living with breast cancer. Bland was diagnosed with terminal breast cancer in November 2016. On 3 September, she announced on her Twitter account that her "time had come", and that she only had days left. She died two days later at the age of 40 in Cheshire. Beatriz Segall Beatriz de Toledo Segall (25 July 1926 – 5 September 2018) was a Brazilian actress. She was known for her role as Odete Roitman on the telenovela "Vale Tudo" (1988). She was born in Rio de Janeiro. Segall died on 5 September 2018 in Rio de Janeiro from respiratory failure at the age of 92. Bhagwatikumar Sharma Bhagwatikumar Sharma (31 May 1934 – 5 September 2018) was an Indian author and journalist. He wrote in Gujarati. He edited a daily for several years. He wrote novels, short stories, poetry, essays and criticism. He won the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak in 1984 and Sahitya Akademi Award in 1988. He wrote his first poem, on event of Mahatma Gandhi's death, on 31 January 1948. He joined the editing department of "Gujarat Mitra" in 1955. He was the trustee of Kavi Narmad Yugavart Trust and vice-president of Narmad Sahityasabha, Surat. He also was president of the Gujarati Sahitya Parishad from 2009 to 2011. Sharma died on 5 September 2018 in Surat, aged 84. Florence Kasumba Florence Kasumba (born 26 October 1976) is a German-Ugandan actress. She is known for playing Ayo in ', "Black Panther" and '. She also played Senator Acantha in "Wonder Woman". She was also the Wicked Witch of the East in the NBC television series "Emerald City". François Flohic François Flohic (August 2, 1920 – September 5, 2018) was a retired French admiral. He was born in Ploubazlanec, Brittany, France. He was in the Free French Naval Forces during World War II. Flohic also was a closer advisor and aide-de-camp to General Charles de Gaulle. Flohic died in Paris on September 5, 2018 from a heart attack at the age of 98. Doxing Doxing is the process of finding out, digging for or uncovering personal information on a person, group, organization or corporate entity, compiling it in an organized format and posting it online. The end result of doxing is a dox. Doxes are often shared to incite harassment, intimidation, and/or violent acts toward their victims. It can be used to help police or to assist criminals. Typically, a person is doxed for revenge-based reasons, motivating the person who is wronged or who has perceived a wrong to humiliate and expose their target. Doxing is legal in all 50 U.S. states, only if the information is gathered from public websites, is public knowledge and does not contain private information such as SSNs or cell phone numbers. Doxing was originally started, back in the 1980s to 1990s, by black-hat hackers and penetration testers of the time to silence and/or intimate their hacker rivals in the BBS and internet communities. Doxing is a form of vigilantism and many instances of doxing have led to swatting, years of harassment, people having to move out of their homes and change their phone numbers. Being doxed will also make you more vulnerable to identity theft. In the present day, specifically in the United States, doxing is used as a method of political dissent and political attack, primarily by left-leaning people against those with Conservative leanings. Doxing as well as deplatforming have become an integral part of "Cancel Culture." Affricate Affricates are consonants that are said with a stop with a fricative immediately afterwards. For example, the 'ch' sound in English (written as /t͡ʃ/ in IPA) is said with an 't' (/t/) sound with an 'sh' (/ʃ/) sound immediately afterwards. Both voiced and voiceless affricates exist; in English, they are /d͡ʒ/ (the 'j' sound) and /t͡ʃ/ (the 'ch' sound) respectively. In Mandarin Chinese, affricates are told apart by aspiration, or breathiness, since voiced affricates do not exist; aspirated affricates, or breathy affricates, are /t͡ɕʰ/ (written as 'q' in Hanyu Pinyin), /t͡sʰ/ ('c'), and /ʈ͡ʂʰ/ ('ch'), and unaspirated affricates, or non-breathy affricates, are /t͡ɕ/ ('j'), /t͡s/ ('z'), and /ʈ͡ʂ/ ('zh'). Aspiration Aspiration is a feature in languages where saying a consonant gives out a puff of air. For example, if you dangle a piece of paper in front of your mouth, you will see it move if you say an aspirated, or breathy, consonant. If the paper does not move, then it is unaspirated, or not breathy. In English, voiceless stops and fricatives that happen at the beginning of a word are aspirated, which are the sounds 'p', 't', 'k', and 'ch' (which are written as /p/, /t/, /k/, /t͡ʃ/ in IPA in the same order). In IPA, aspirated sounds can be written with an ʰ symbol afterwards, as in /pʰ/, /tʰ/, /kʰ/, and /t͡ʃʰ/. For example, the first sound in the words "pick", "tick", "kick", and "chick" are all aspirated. In IPA, they are written as /pʰɪk/, /tʰɪk/, /kʰɪk/, and /t͡ʃʰɪk/ in the same order. However, voiceless stops and fricatives that appear after the first sound are unaspirated. For example, while the /p/ in "pit" is aspirated, the /p/ in "spit" and the /p/ in "tip" are not, so they would not be marked with an ʰ symbol afterwards. Below are more examples of aspiration. English has no aspirated voiced sounds, but Hindi does. They are normally written with an 'h' after the consonant letter. An example of this is the name Bhattacharya, in which 'bh' is an aspirated 'b' sound, so it would be written as /bʱ/ in IPA. In Mandarin Chinese, there are no voiced stops, fricatives, or affricates, so the only way to tell them apart is by aspiration. In Pinyin, aspirated sounds are written like voiceless sounds in English, so the sounds /pʰ/, /tʰ/, and /kʰ/ are written as 'p', 't', and 'k' in the same order, but unaspirated sounds are written like voiced sounds in English, so the sounds /p/, /t/, and /k/ are written as 'b', 'd', and 'g' respectively. For example, the word "Gaokao" would be written in IPA as /kau̯.kʰau̯/. In Wade-Giles spelling, aspirated stops, fricatives, or affricates are written with an apostrophe after the letter instead of using a different letter like in Pinyin, so "Gaokao" would be written as "Kaok'ao" in Wade-Giles. National Higher Education Entrance Examination The National Higher Education Entrance Examination, or the Gaokao, is the People's Republic of China's national-level university entrance exam. All high school students in China must take the Gaokao in their last year of school, and much of their time in high school is spent preparing to take the exam. Like many other Asian countries, such as Japan, South Korea, and India, the Gaokao has been well-known internationally for being a very difficult exam because many students do not get a high enough score to attend university in China. The required subjects are mathematics, Chinese and English, and the full score of each three subjects is 150 points. For the remaining subjects, there are two choices: the liberal arts comprehensive are history, geography and politics, with a score of 100 for each subject; The science subjects include physics, chemistry and biology, with 100 points for each subject. Students are allowed to choose between science and liberal arts based on their level of study, and each student scored a maximum of 750. Although two kinds of choice means brought the power that examinee learns, but in China, the obtain employment of liberal arts living is more difficult than science living, the score of the university entrance exam also is lower than science living, so the examinee that chooses science department is much more than the examinee that chooses liberal arts. In the national college entrance examination in June 2018, 9.75 million people took the exam, which shows the great pressure of competition. It is a pity that many people are ruined on their way to university just because of one failure in the exam. One of the disadvantages of Chinese education is that it only takes one exam to select talents. However, because there are too many references, the nation can only select talents through examinations. Facts have proved that this selection method still has some merits. T-Series T-Series is a record label in India started by Gulshan Kumar in 1983. T-Series is one of the fastest-growing channels on YouTube. In April 2019, T-Series became a YouTube channel with the most subscribers, surpassing PewDiePie. In late May 2019, T-Series officially became the first YouTube channel ever to pass 100 million subscribers. Zafari ZAFARI is an International animated children's television series created by David Dozoretz. ZAFARI premiered in July 2018 on FranceTV, NatGeoKids in Latin America, MiniMini+ in Poland, Rai Yoyo in Italy, Star Channel in Greece, Tiny Pop in The UK, Spacetoon in The Middle East, and is being distributed worldwide by NBCUniversal. Premise. Set in a valley at the base of Mount Kilimanjaro, where lives a group of extraordinary animals. The series follows the story of a baby elephant with zebra stripes. A giraffe with peacock feathers and a pink flamingo coloured lion. ZAFARI teaches kids that our differences should not just be tolerated, but celebrated. "ZAFARI" stars the voices of Mark Camacho, Holly Gauthier-Frankel, Brian Froud. ZAFARI is the first television show created in a real-time game engine, Epic’s Unreal 4 and it won the Infinity Beverly Hills Film Festival Award for Outstanding Achievement in TV via a game engine. Wallace Carothers Wallace Hume Carothers (; April 27, 1896 – April 29, 1937) was an American chemist and inventor. He was the leader of organic chemistry at DuPont. He is known for the invention of nylon. Carothers went to the University of Illinois to study for his Ph.D. under Roger Adams. His degree was awarded in 1924. After receiving his Ph.D., he taught at several universities before joining DuPont. He was a group leader at the DuPont Experimental Station laboratory. The laboratory was near Wilmington, Delaware and it was where most polymer research was done. He married Helen Sweetman on February 21, 1936. On April 28, 1937 he committed suicide by drinking potassium cyanide. His daughter, Jane, was born on November 27, 1937. Lauffohr Lauffohr is a village in the Swiss canton of Aargau. It used to be an independent municipality before merging on 1 January 1970 to become part of Brugg. Stockton, Iowa Stockton is a city in Iowa in the United States. Storm Lake, Iowa Storm Lake is a city in Iowa in the United States. Story City, Iowa Story City is a city in Iowa in the United States. Stout, Iowa Stout is a city in Iowa in the United States. Stratford, Iowa Stratford is a city in Iowa in the United States. Struble, Iowa Struble is a city in Iowa in the United States. Stuart, Iowa Stuart is a city in Iowa in the United States. Sully, Iowa Sully is a city in Iowa in the United States. Sumner, Iowa Sumner is a city in Iowa in the United States. Superior, Iowa Superior is a city in Iowa in the United States. Sutherland, Iowa Sutherland is a city in Iowa in the United States. Swaledale, Iowa Swaledale is a city in Iowa in the United States. Swan, Iowa Swan is a city in Iowa in the United States. Swea City, Iowa Swea City is a city in Iowa in the United States. Izmailovo Kremlin The Izmailovo Kremlin (Кре́мль в Изма́йлово) is a cultural, commercial and entertainment complex in north-east of Moscow built in the years 1998-2007. It is a wooden building, stylized for Russian architecture. the complex have seven museums and exhibition grounds: the Museum of Russian Folk Toys, the Museum of the Founding of the Russian Navy, the Museum of the History of Russian Vodka, the Museum of Bread, the Museum of Chocolate, the Museum of Miniatures - "World History in Plasticine," the Moscow Museum of Animation, and also a exhibitions "Japan. Dolls, fairy tales, legends. Swisher, Iowa Swisher is a city in Iowa in the United States. It is in Johnson County. Tabor, Iowa Tabor is a city in Iowa in the United States. Tama, Iowa Tama is a city in Tama County, Iowa, United States. The population was 2,877 at the 2010 census. Tama is situated two miles south of Toledo, the county seat. Tama County, Iowa Tama County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. In 2010, 17,767 people lived there. The county seat is Toledo. Toledo, Iowa Toledo is a city in Iowa in the United States. It is the county seat of Tama County. Templeton, Iowa Templeton is a city in Iowa in the United States. Willey, Iowa Willey is a city in Iowa in the United States. Tennant, Iowa Tennant is a city in Iowa in the United States. Terril, Iowa Terril is a city in Iowa in the United States. Thayer, Iowa Thayer is a city in Iowa in the United States. Thompson, Iowa Thompson is a city in Iowa in the United States. Winnebago County, Iowa Winnebago County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 10,866. The county seat is Forest City. The county was founded in 1847 and named after the Native American tribe. CBS Productions CBS Productions is a company that has TV shows like ', ', "", "Yes, Dear", "Still Standing", and "The King of Queens". Ñuble Region The Ñuble Region () is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. Its capital is Chillán. It was founded the 6th of september of 2018 when the Ñuble Province was separated in order to create the new region and 3 new provinces. The region is named after the Ñuble river. Geography. The Ñuble region has area of . It borders the Maule region to the north, Argentina to the east, the Bío Bío region to the south and the Pacific Ocean on the west. The main river in the region is the The highest mountains are in the Andes, in the eastern part of the region; these mountains are the Nevados de Chillán. Climate. The climate in Chillán is a Mediterranean climate, Csb in the Köppen climate classification. The average amount of precipitation for the year in Chillán is . The month with the most precipitation on average is June with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of . The average temperature for the year in Chillán is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of . Population. (last national census), there were 438,103 people living in the region, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km². The urban population was 285,108 persons ( of the total). The largest city of the province, in 2002, is its capital, Chillán, with 146,701 inhabitants. Other cities are San Carlos (29,359 inhabitants) and Chillán Viejo (18,827 inhabitants). Provinces and Communes. The Ñuble Region has 3 provinces and 21 communes. István Bethlen István Bethlen (19 June 1946 – 4 September 2018) was a Hungarian economist and politician. He was a member of the National Assembly (MP) from MDF Budapest Regional List between 1990 and 1994. He was born in Cluj, Romania. Bethlen died on 4 September 2018 in Budapest at the age of 72. Mike Hogewood Michael "Mike" Hogewood (September 13, 1954 – September 5, 2018) was an American sportscaster. He was born in Greensboro, North Carolina. He was a freelance play-by-play announcer. He worked with Raycom Sports. Hogewood was best known for his work on ACC football games, ACC men's and women's basketball, as well as for anchoring Raycom's coverage of Nextel Cup NASCAR races. Hogewood did play-by-play for FSN South, Sun Sports, New England Sports Network, Comcast SportsNet, HDNet and the Speed Channel. He later worked for WFMY-TV Channel 2 (1987–2001). Hogewood worked for NBC affiliate WXII-TV in Winston-Salem, North Carolina in the early 2000s on a series called "Hog's Heroes". Hogewood retired in 2013 after 26 years as a sports broadcaster. Hogewood died on September 5, 2018 in Greensboro from a heart attack at the age of 63. Liz Fraser Liz Fraser (born Elizabeth Joan Winch; 14 August 1930 – 6 September 2018) was an English actress. She was best known for her comedy roles as a provocative "dumb blonde" in British movies of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. She was born in London. Fraser was known for her roles in "I'm All Right, Jack", "Carry On Regardless", and in "Dad's Army". Fraser died at a London hospital from complications of cancer-related surgery on 6 September 2018 at the age of 88. Arif Alvi Arif-ur-Rehman Alvi (; born 29 August 1949) is a Pakistani politician. He is the 13th and current President of Pakistan since 9 September 2018.<ref name="nawaiwaqt/3sept2018"></ref><ref name="pildat/dob"></ref> He was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from June 2013 to May 2018 and again from August to September 2018. He was a founding member of Pakistan Tehreek-i-Insaf (PTI). Alvi was elected as President of Pakistan on 4 September 2018 following the presidential election. 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake An earthquake measuring 6.6 MW on the moment magnitude scale struck Iburi Subprefecture in southern Hokkaido, Japan, on 6 September 2018 at 3:08 a.m. Japan Standard Time. The earthquake's epicenter was near Tomakomai. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) registered a magnitude of 6.7 Mj and a maximum intensity of 7 on the shindo scale. The earthquake's effects was felt strongly in Hokkaido and Aomori Prefecture. The earthquake left 5.3 million residents without power. As a result of the quake 41 people were left dead and 691 had injuries. Claudio Scimone Claudio Scimone (23 December 1934 – 6 September 2018) was an Italian conductor. He was born in Padua, Italy. Scimone was the founder of I Solisti Veneti (the ensemble with which most of his recordings have been made) and at the time of his death was the honorary conductor of the Gulbenkian Orchestra in Lisbon, Portugal. He also gave the modern premieres of "Moses in Egypt" and "Oedipus at Colonus" by Rossini, and "The Last Judgement" by Salieri. Scimone died on 6 September 2018 in Rome at the age of 83. Olivia Olson Olivia Rose Olson (born May 21, 1992) is an American actress, voice actress and singer-songwriterr. She is best known for her voice role as Marceline the Vampire Queen in "Adventure Time." She also played the character of Joanna in the 2003 movie "Love Actually" and its 2017 short sequel "Red Nose Day Actually". Her father is comedy writer Martin Olson. Hynden Walch Heidi Hynden Walch (born February 1, 1971) is an American actress, writer, and singer. She is best known for voicing Princess Bubblegum in "Adventure Time" and Starfire in "Teen Titans" and "Teen Titans Go!", "The Powerpuff Girls". Ada Township, Michigan Ada Township () is a General Law Township within Kent County, Michigan. It is an upscale suburb of Grand Rapids. As of the 2010 census, the township population was 13,142. Ada is the corporate home of Alticor and its smaller companies Quixtar and Amway. Rita Wilson Margarita Ibrahimoff (born October 26, 1956) better known as Rita Wilson is an American actress, singer, and producer. She is best known for her roles in "Sleepless in Seattle" (1993), "Now and Then" (1995), "Jingle All the Way" (1996), "The Story of Us" (1999) and "Runaway Bride" (1999). She and her husband Tom Hanks produced the movie "My Big Fat Greek Wedding" (2002). On March 12, 2020, Tom Hanks announced that he and Wilson had tested positive for COVID-19 while Hanks was shooting "Elvis" in Australia. Colin Hanks Colin Lewes Hanks (born Colin Lewes Dillingham; November 24, 1977) is an American actor, director and producer. He is known for his roles such as Shaun Brumder in "Orange County", Preston in "King Kong", Oliver in "The House Bunny", and Troy Gable in "The Great Buck Howard". He is the oldest son of actor Tom Hanks. Wilson Moreira Wilson Moreira (December 12, 1936 – September 6, 2018) was a Brazilian "sambista" singer-songwriter. He was especially known for his melody lines. He was born in the neighborhood of Realengo, in Rio de Janeiro. Moreira was known for his works with Nei Lopes. One of their greatest hits is the song "Senhora Liberdade", which became an anthem in the Brazilian "Diretas" movement. Some other famous songs from the duo are "Gotas de Veneno", "Sandália Amarela" and the non-samba "Candongueiro". Moreira died of multiple organ failure on September 6, 2018 in Rio de Janeiro at the age of 81. Greenwood, Mississippi Greenwood is a city in the U.S. State of Mississippi. The city is in west-central Mississippi. At the 2010 census, there were 15,205 people living there. Captain D's Captain D's is an American seafood restaurant company. They make fish, shrimp and fries. Captain D's was established in 1969 in Tennessee. Captain D's is in many states, including Virginia, Texas, Illinois, Missouri, Georgia, Arkansas and Alabama. In 2015, Captain D's had record-breaking success. The success came from its seafood expertise and product innovation. It introduced new menu items, such as Creamy Shrimp Scampi, Homestyle Fish Tenders and Crusted Tilapia. Crimean Tatar Wikipedia The Crimean Tatar Wikipedia () is the Crimean Tatar language edition of the free online encyclopedia Wikipedia. The articles were originally written in Wikimedia Incubator, and the Crimean Tatar Wikipedia was created on January 12, 2008. As of ( ), Crimean Tatar has articles. Statistics. As of , Crimean Tatar Wikipedia has articles. The main problem of the project is a lack of volunteers. The vast majority of edits are made by several volunteers, none of whom is a native speaker. Thor, Iowa Thor is a city in Iowa in the United States. Thornburg, Iowa Thornburg is a city in Iowa in the United States. Thornton, Iowa Thornton is a city in Iowa in the United States. Thurman, Iowa Thurman is a city in Iowa in the United States. Tiffin, Iowa Tiffin is a city in Iowa in the United States. Tingley, Iowa Tingley is a city in Iowa in the United States. Tipton, Iowa "This is about the town in Iowa, USA. For other towns called Tipton, see Tipton (disambiguation)." Tipton is a city in Iowa in the United States. It is the county seat of Cedar County. Titonka, Iowa Titonka is a city in Iowa in the United States. Toronto, Iowa Toronto is a city in Iowa in the United States. Traer, Iowa Traer is a city in Iowa in the United States. Treynor, Iowa Treynor is a city in Iowa in the United States. Tripoli, Iowa Tripoli is a city in Iowa in the United States. Truesdale, Iowa Truesdale is a city in Iowa in the United States. Truro, Iowa Truro is a city in Iowa in the United States. Turin, Iowa Turin is a city in Iowa in the United States. Udell, Iowa Udell is a city in Iowa in the United States. Underwood, Iowa Underwood is a city in Iowa in the United States. Union, Iowa Union is a city in Iowa in the United States. Whitten, Iowa Whitten is a city in Iowa in the United States. Unionville, Iowa Unionville is a city in Iowa in the United States. University Heights, Iowa University Heights is a city in Iowa in the United States. University Park, Iowa University Park is a city in Iowa in the United States. Urbana, Iowa Urbana is a city in Iowa in the United States. Ute, Iowa Ute is a city in Iowa in the United States. Vail, Iowa Vail is a city in Iowa in the United States. Westside, Iowa Westside is a city in Iowa in the United States. Vinton, Iowa Vinton is a city in Iowa in the United States. It is the county seat of Benton County. Benton County, Iowa Benton County is a county in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2010 census, the population was 26,076. The county seat is Vinton. The county is named for Thomas Hart Benton, a U.S. Senator from Missouri. Benton County was founded on December 21, 1837. Van Horne, Iowa Van Horne is a city in Iowa in the United States. Gianuario Carta Gianuario (Ariuccio) Carta, (1 January 1931 – 14 February 2017) was an Italian politician of the Christian Democracy political party. Carta served as Deputy and Senator of Italian Parliament from 1968 to 1983 and was minister of the Merchant Navy from 1983 to 1986 in the Craxi I Cabinet. He was born in Bitti, Sardinia. Carta died on 14 February 2017 in Cagliari at the age of 86. John Wesley Hardin John Wesley Hardin 1853-1895 was a Texas killer, outlaw gambler and lawyer. Tuzla Tuzla is the third largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has about 110,000 people living there. The city has several different cultures living in it but is mostly inhabited by Muslim Bosniaks. Chester, Connecticut Chester is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 3,743 at the 2000 census. Seven Kings School Seven Kings School (used to be known as "Seven Kings High School") is a mixed comprehensive (primary and secondary) school in Ilford in East London, England. For students aged 4–18 years old, Seven Kings School has a separate Primary school and Secondary school buildings, which are close to each other. Seven Kings has also took part in and won awards (which are well known around the UK), such as, The Jack Petchey Award and are known as a National Teaching School. Seven Kings were the first to work to include pupils with special needs and disabilities. Primary. Seven Kings Primary School is a four-form entry school (they have four classes for each year group), with 120 reception children who started in September 2015.  While they move up, a 120 more children will start going to the school, every year. The school will be full by September 2021, when the original class of reception children becomes Year 6. These first children will be the original year groups of the school and will see the school grow, as they move up through it. All children who go to Seven Kings Primary will be allowed to move on to Seven Kings High School, if they or their parents choose to do so. Sixth Form. Seven Kings also has a sixth form (Year 12 and Year 13). The sixth form allows more students than the secondary school and allows pupils from boroughs and towns next to Redbridge. More than a hundred students are from another school but this can change on how many Year 11s carry on. You can pick up to four A-Levels there. Ofsted Reports. In 2007, the school inspectors (Ofsted) gave Seven Kings High School a Grade 1 or an 'outstanding' - this is the highest award they can give. In 2009, Ofsted have said that SKHS is one of the twelve 'outstanding' schools that help people who wouldn't have found any or 'disadvantaged communities'. Shyampur Thana Shyampur () is a Manufacture Zone of Bangladesh and the second Industrial zone of Dhaka city has an Estimated Material factories a total lists of factories main Ironical Mechanics factory fifty six garments Eighty nine iron factory one thousands sixty five Dying factory five thousands anothers factories which is related to Entrepreneurs and Economical Development meteorological Geography. Shyampur is located at . Its has an areas of total 2.31 km². Demographics. This Shyampur has a population of 60152. Males constitute 49.78% of the population, and females 50.22%. Shyampur has an average literacy rate of 52.68%, and the national average of 32.4% literate. Administration Divisions. Shyampur has 1 Union/Wards, 7 Mauzas/Mahallas, and 3 villages. Pulau Ubin Pulau Ubin (also called Ubin Island) is an island at the northeast of Singapore. The island is now a tourist attraction. Less than 100 people stay on the island. But many people visit in the daytime to enjoy nature. Name. "Pulau Ubin" means "Granite Island" in Malay language. Transport. Visitors can take a boat from Changi Point Ferry Terminal. It takes 10 minutes to reach Pulau Ubin. On the island, people can ride bicycles. There are some shops which rent bicycles to visitors. Aljunied MRT station Aljunied MRT station (EW9) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the East West line in Geylang, Singapore. Named after Aljunied Road, this station primarily serves Aljunied, one of the subzones that make up Geylang planning area. The station was opened on 4 November 1989. It was formerly called E4, well before 2001. History. On 26 June 2009, train services along the East West line were disrupted for almost 18 minutes at about 7.25 pm after a Chinese man in his 40s jumped onto the train tracks ran towards Paya Lebar. SMRT staff did not manage to find the man but he was arrested by the police after found his way down to the street. He had leg injuries and was later charged with attempted suicide. Aljunied was the temporary terminal for trains that travel to and from Joo Koon during the early closures, late openings and full closures from 5 January 2018 to 4 February that year. Regional Science Association International Regional Science Association International (RSAI) is an international association of Regional science. The organization was established in 1954 as an international community of scholars interested in the regional impacts of national or global processes of economic and social change. located in the University of Azores, Azores, Portugal. the organization is beneath center of 22 regional organizations worldwide. Meteomont Meteomont is the mountain meteorological service of the Italian Army. The service helps with search and rescue. It also assesses the risk of avalanches, gives early warning of avalanches, and assesses mountain snow conditions in general. The service works together with the Carabinieri (the Italian Army law enforcement service), the meteorological and intelligence service of the Italian Air Force, and the Alpini. The Alpini are the elite mountain troops of the Italian Army. Whitelist A whitelist is a list of acceptable, recognised or privileged people, websites or images. On the computer, a whitelist shows a list of websites that you can go to; any website not on the whitelist is not accepted. The opposite is a blacklist, which shows a list of websites that you cannot go to. Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho Otelo Nuno Romão Saraiva de Carvalho (August 31, 1936 – July 25, 2021) was a Portuguese military officer. He was the chief strategist of the 1974 Carnation Revolution in Lisbon. He unsuccessfully ran for President of Portugal in 1976 and in 1980. On July 10, 2021, Otelo was hospitalized at Hospital das Forças Armadas in Lisbon. He died fifteen days later on July 25 from heart failure, aged 84. António de Spínola António Sebastião Ribeiro de Spínola (generally referred to as António de Spínola, ; 11 April 1910 – 13 August 1996) was a Portuguese military officer. During the Carnation Revolution, Marcelo Caetano would only surrender to Spínola. This gave Spínola an important place after the revolution. He was made president of the National Salvation Junta. Then he became President of Portugal. He was only President 4 months before Francisco da Costa Gomes took the position. Vasco Gonçalves General Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves was a Portuguese army officer. After the Carnation Revolution, he served as the Prime Minister of Portugal. Francisco de Sá Carneiro Francisco Manuel Lumbrales de Sá Carneiro founded the Portuguese Social Democratic Party in 1974. He was elected Prime Minister of Portugal in January 1980. Sá Carneiro died in a plane crash in December 1980. Nederlandse Spoorwegen Nederlandse Spoorwegen () or NS is the main passenger railway operator in the Netherlands. NS provides rail services on the Dutch main rail network. The rail infrastructure is maintained by network manager ProRail, which was split off from NS in 2003. Freight services, formerly operated by NS Cargo, merged with the DB Schenker group in 2000. NS runs 4,800 scheduled domestic trains a day, serving 1.1 million passengers. In addition, NS provides international rail services from Abellio which runs Abellio Greater Anglia, Merseyrail and ScotRail in the United Kingdom. Zollikofen Zollikofen is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is a suburb of the capital of Berne. Whitechapel Whitechapel is a district in the East End of London, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is 3.4 miles (5.5 km) east of Charing Cross and roughly bounded by Petticoat Lane and Mansell Street to the west, Fashion Street to the north, Cambridge Heath Road and Sidney Street to the east and The Highway to the south. Because the area is close to the London Docklands and east of the city, it has been a popular place for immigrants and the working class. The area was the centre of the London Jewish community in the 19th and early 20th century. It is where the infamous Whitechapel Murders by Jack the Ripper took place in 1888. In the latter half of the 20th century, Tower Hamlets (including Whitechapel) became the largest settlement for the British Bangladeshi community, particularly on and around Whitechapel Road and Brick Lane. Holywood Holywood ( ) is a town in the metropolitan area of Belfast in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is a civil parish and townland of 755 acres lying on the shore of Belfast Lough, between Belfast and Bangor. Holywood Exchange and Belfast City Airport are nearby. The town hosts an annual jazz and blues festival. Zuzwil, Bern Zuzwil is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Zablon Simintov Zablon Simintov (born 1959) is thought to be the last Jew in Afghanistan. He was born in Herat. Simintov had lived with the second last remaining Jewish man in Afghanistan, Ishaq Levin, who died on January 26, 2005, aged around 80. Simintov says it is not easy to practice his religion alone. However, he has obtained special permission from the nearest rabbi, in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, to slaughter his own meat in line with "kosher" dietary laws. That can normally only be done by a specially trained and qualified Jewish ritual slaughterer. He says that he receives special kosher packages for Passover from Afghan Jews living in New York. His wife and two daughters live in Israel. When asked during an interview whether he would emigrate to Israel, Simintov retorted, "Go to Israel? What business do I have there? Why should I leave?" History of hearing aids The first modern hearing aids were made in the 17th century. Even though that was when they first became popular, since the 13th century people had already been making similar devices by hollowing out the horns of animals. Hearing aids did not improve very much until electricity and the telephone were created in 1898. This is when the first electric hearing aid was also created, but it was not given out to the public to use until later in the 20th century. Over the past century however, the fast development of technology has changed and improved the hearing aid greatly, making new designs and adding new functions to be able to help even more hearing problems. Ear trumpets. The first hearing aids were called ear trumpets and were large funnel-shaped devices that were mostly made out of metal, animal horns, wood and even snail shells. People would hold to the device to their ear when they needed to use it to hear. These hearing aids did not make sound louder but collected sound and directed it into the ear which made the sound energy stronger when it hits the ear drum, helping to make hearing easier for people with hearing loss. Ear trumpets worked by capturing more sound for users, so the best way to make them work was for others to speak into the opening of the trumpet. When used in more public places such as concerts, the ear trumpet would not be as effective. Background noise could not be blocked and would enter the trumpet along with the sounds that the user is trying to focus on. Electronic. Late in the 19th century, after the invention of telephones and microphones, the electric hearing aids was created. Even though they were made during the 1870s - 1890s, they did not become popular until the early 20th century. The first electronic hearing aid was called an Akouphone, and was invented by Miller Reese Hutchinson. It used a carbon transmitter created by Thomas Edison which could increase sound by about 15 decibels by using an electric current to make the sound signal stronger. These first electronic hearing aids were portable but still a little large and were not easily carried around. Also, they sometimes had a scratchy noise and could not pick up all sounds so were not ideal. Vacuum tube. In 1920, the vacuum-tube hearing aid was created by Earl Hanson who was a naval engineer. Similar to the electronic hearing aids, these devices used the transmitter found in telephones to make sounds louder. It would do this by turn sound into electronic current and making it louder and moving it to the ear. Vacuum tubes could increase sound by up to 70 decibels, and worked better because they could control electricity better than carbon could. These were first the size of a cabinet, but between the 1920s - 1930s, the hearing aids were made small enough to fit into a small box. The hearing aids were continued to be made even smaller and in the late 1940s, a device that could fit in the pockets was made. This device still connected to the ears through wires so many people still did not think it was appealing. Transistor. Vacuum tubes were replaced by smaller and better transistors. The transistor was not only smaller but also needed less power and sounded better than the vacuum tubes. With the small transistors, hearing aids were finally able to be worn inside or behind the ear, making hearing aids much more popular. Digital hearing aids. Later in the 20th century, transistors were beginning to be made out of silicon and hearing aids could be made even smaller. Microprocessors were created and also added into hearing aids and sound signals were made to be processed digitally. Eventually, this allowed for hearing aids to be programmed, and customised to the needs of users. The technology inside the hearing aids is similar to the technology in mobile phones, computers and televisions. Presbycusis Presbycusis is a type of sensorineural hearing loss which is caused by natural aging. Presbycusis occurs over time, becoming worse as people age and can not be reversed. It is the most common form of hearing loss and the second most common illness among older people, effecting up to 1 in 3 people by the age of 65. Symptoms. As a form of hearing loss, presbyusis will result in a decreased ability to hear sounds. Since it is a form of hearing loss that occurs over time, many people do not realise that they are affected and continue to believe that their hearing is normal. There are symptoms however that provide clear signs that hearing loss is present. Communication for people who are experiencing presbycusis usually will become a lot more difficult. Although noises may still sound loud, it is common that with this hearing loss, the sounds will not be clear. This is especially true when hearing high-pitched or high-frequency sounds. Causes. Unlike other forms of hearing loss such as noise-induced hearing loss it is a normal part of aging. Even though it occurs naturally, there are factors that can make it worse and make it happen earlier in life. Presbycusis is usually a form of sensorineural hearing loss, which means that it is due to problems in the inner ear or the hearing nerve due to loss or damage to the hair cells that line the inner ear. The most common causes of sensorineural hearing loss are exposure to loud noise for long periods of time as well as some diseases. Management. Most hearing loss can both be prevented or managed if the proper precautions are taken. Hyperacusis Hyperacusis is a hearing health problem where people become more sensitive to some sounds for certain frequencies and volumes. This can make everyday sounds such as a car, dishwasher or refrigerator sound very loud. It is usually very difficult to tolerate and can be uncomfortable or even painful for people experiencing it. Symptoms. The increasing sensitivity of the ears caused by hyperacusis is usually painful for many people. Not only can it negatively effect the everyday lives of people experiencing it, it can for some make it very difficult and even not possible to do their everyday jobs and take care of their responsibilities. There are many symptoms experienced by those with hyperacusis. Causes. Similarly to other hearing problems, hyperacusis can occur suddenly or gradually over time and is a problem that can affect people of all different ages in one or both ears. Again, like other forms of hearing problems, there are a variety of possible causes ranging from exposure to noise and other diseases. Although these are the main causes of hyeracusis and can be seen as causes related to most hearing problems, there are other less common, possible causes such as post-traumatic stress disorder. Treatment. Hyperacusis cannot always be fully cured, but for most patients the symptoms get better with time and treatment. Patients will need to learn to use hearing protection against sounds which are very loud, but to not use these in everyday situations. Protecting the ears too much will make the symptoms worse instead of better. Bolesław Bierut Bolesław Bierut was a Polish Communist leader. He became President of Poland after the Soviet Union took leadership of the country. Bierut was a strong supporter of Stalinism. Władysław Gomułka Władysław Gomułka (; 6 February 1905 – 1 September 1982) was a Polish communist politician. After World War II he was the leader of Poland until 1948. Following the Polish October he became leader again from 1956 to 1970. Gomułka was one of the key leaders of the Warsaw Pact. He supported Poland's participation in Prague Spring in August 1968. One of his notable achievements was negotiating the Treaty of Warsaw (1970) with West Germany. The treaty meant Germany agreed to the post-World War II borders. Tinnitus masker A tinnitus masker is an electronic device that produces noise at low levels and is used by those experiencing tinnitus to cover up the ringing or other sounds they are hearing. Many people who experience tinnitus also have hearing loss and are able to use a hearing aid that also acts as a tinnitus masker. These devices will usually need to be customised by an audiologist to ensure that the masking noise used brings relief to the user as tinnitus is experienced differently by everyone. Functionality. Tinnitus is experienced differently by everyone. It can be occasional or constant, can come as different sounds and can be loud or soft. How loud it is (the sensation level) compared to other noise in the environment is an important factor when setting the sound generator. The level of noise produced by a sound generator depends on the sensation level of tinnitus experienced and can be close to this level of this noise or even louder. The purpose of this is to cover up the tinnitus sounds by having a constant noise playing in the background. Noise produced by a tinnitus masker, which is called white noise, is designed to be calming and less irritating than tinnitus sounds. Tinnitus maskers are not actually eliminating tinnitus or reducing it but provide a distraction to cover it up for those experiencing it. The idea behind tinnitus maskers can be explained by a light analogy. While turning on a lamp in a dark room will be very noticeable and the change in lighting will be very obvious, the change from turning a lamp on in a room that is already lit will not be very obvious. The change would have been masked by the other light that was already present in the room. Fengning Fengning Manchu Autonomous County, Chengde City, Hebei Province jurisdiction, established in 1987. According to "Manchu name test": Fengning County name comes from Emperor Qianlong Yuci, take the word "Fung Fukang Corning." Geographic location: longitude 116.65 ° north latitude 41.2 ° Qing Emperor Qianlong forty-three years (1778) was built Fengning county. When the Republic of Fengning under the Rehe system. In 1940 the county seat by the town moved to town. May 1948 liberation. December 2, 1986, the State Council approved the establishment of Fengning Manchu Autonomous County. April 1987 Fengning Manchu Autonomous County officially listed. Fengning paper cutting has a long history, Fengning folk paper-cut began in the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the beginning of paper-cut is used to reinforce the windows, blocking the window joints, and later gradually developed, gradually rich colors, the development of the characteristics of decorations, cultural values are also rising . 1993 Fengning was the Ministry of Culture named "Chinese folk paper-cut art town" now has Wei Wene, Shi Junfeng and other cultural heritage successor In 2014, the Ministry of Culture website published "on the publicity of the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative list of projects recommended list" announcement, Fengning Teng cloth paste successfully included in the fourth batch of national intangible cultural heritage Directory. Teng 's cloth painting is a new painting by Teng Teng, a folk artist of Fengning, Hebei. His technique is a combination of painting, sculpture, heap embroidery, thangka and paper - cutting, and the materials are exquisite, colorful and delicate. Realistic, drawn widely. Fengning is a famous revolutionary poet Guo Xiaochuan's hometown. Guo Xiaochuan, the famous poet, writer. Born in 1919, died in 1976. Guo Xiaoguan, formerly known as Guo Enda, was born in the Fengning Manchu Autonomous County town of Fengshan (at the time was the predecessor of Chengde - Rehe Province) an intellectual family. The main works are: "plain old man", "into the fiery struggle", "to young citizens", "Pengcheng Wanli", "general trilogy", "sugar cane forest - blue gauze", "Kunlun line". Zweisimmen Zweisimmen is a municipality in the administrative district of Obersimmental-Saanen in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Zwieselberg Zwieselberg is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Otto Frank Otto Frank (1889-1980) was a Jewish German industrialist and father of famous Holocaust diarist Anne Frank. Emanuel Swedenborg Emanuel Swedenborg (; ; born Emanuel Swedberg on 29 January 1688; died 29 March 1772) was a Swedish scientist, philosopher, theologian, revelator, and mystic. He is best known for his book on the afterlife, "Heaven and Hell" (1758). He was the father of mineralogy and physiology of brain. His writings inspired "Swedenborgianism". Little Robots Little Robots is a British stop-motion animated children's television programme of BBC. The show was produced by Cosgrove Hall Films for Create TV and Film Limited and broadcasted by BBC. It aired from 2003 to 2005. The show was based on a book by Mike Brownlow published in 1999. The main character is Tiny Robot, who is a turquoise decirobot. Panaro The Panaro () is a river of northeastern Italy, the last important right tributary of the Po river. It starts in the Northern Apennines mountain range and flows through the Emilia-Romagna region. Geography. The Panaro river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately . Course. The Panaro river, with the name "Rio delle Tagliole", starts in the northern Apennines where Emilia-Romagna meets Tuscany, in the place called "Foce a Giovo" near the Monte Cimone. From here it flows to the northeast down the valley. At Pievepelago (in the Modena province), its name changes to Scoltenna. Finally, the name is changed to Panaro after the confluence of the Scoltena and the "Leo" stream in the Montespecchio valley, Pavullo nel Frignano. It borders the "Parco regionale dei Sassi di Roccamalatina" ("Regional Park of the Sassi di Roccamalatina") and keeps flowing to the north. South of Modena, in "Ponte Guerro", it is joined by the "Guerro" stream and in "Fossalta", a place to the east of Modena, it is joined, as a left tributary, by the "Tiepido" stream, its main tributary. At Bomporto, the river joins the "Naviglio de Modena" ("Modena canal or waterway") and can be navigated until its confluence with the Po, on the border with the Veneto region and to the west of Ferrara. The Panaro river flows through the cities of Vignola, Finale Emilia and Bondeno and just to the east of Modena. Of historical and artistic interest is the bridge of Olina (), built in 1522 across the river (still called Scoltenna) near the town of the same name, in the commune of Pavullo nel Frignano The Panaro flows mainly through the province of Modena but it also flows for a short distance in the Ferrara province after Finale Emilia. It flows through several comunes; some of them, all in the Modena province, Emilia-Romagna region, are: Main tributaries. The tributaries of the Panaro river are small streams; the most importants are the Guerro () and the Tiepido (); they join the Panaro from the left side. Numa Pompilius Numa Pompilius was the second King of Rome. He succeeded Romulus in the year 715 BC. Numa was of Sabine origin. He is credited with creating the most important religious and cultural institutions in Rome most prominently the Pontifex Maximus, Most modern historians consider Numa to be pure legend and regard his reign as myth. Exposure action value Exposure action value is a limit on the level of noise that workers can be exposed to. The level of noise is measured in decibels and after this level, the workplace needs to make sure that workers are protected from the noise. Safety plans need to be made to stop or lower the risk of hearing health problems for workers. Workplace requirements. It is the job of the employer to make sure that workers are safe at work by creating a program that will reduce the risk of any problems. In order to control the level of noise in the workplace, a noise dosimeter which is a device that is used to measure the amount of noise in a workplace over time is used. These devices can be worn on the body of a worker to record the level of sound they hear throughout their whole work day as they move to different areas of the workplace. They can also be used to measure the level of noise in a large specific area of the workplace. How the device is used depends on the work environment. Some workers will be walking to different areas of a workplace throughout the whole day and hear different levels of sound but some will only be staying in one area. If the noise dosimeter shows that the level of noise reaches the exposure action value, the employer needs to start using the program they have created to stop any future damage to their worker's hearing health. The first part of this program is to find out which workers are affected by the noise that is over the exposure action value. Once the workers have been found, they each need to do a hearing test. This will help employers figure out how much hearing protection they will need to keep their workers safe as well as be able to compare the hearing level of the workers at this time to hearing levels later on. If there are large changes, that usually means that workers need more help with their hearing health. After the tests are done, employers will be able to give the workers the type of hearing protection that is best for them. Workers should be able to pick the kind of hearing protection that they would like and it should not cost them. Tests should continue to be done on the workers and their hearing protection to make sure that it still works. In order to make sure that workers also take care of their own hearing, the workplace should also train workers to understand hearing health and how to keep their hearing healthy. Nazi salute The Nazi salute or Hitler salute is a gesture that was used as a greeting in Nazi Germany. The salute is performed by extending the right arm in the air with a straightened hand. Usually, the person offering the salute would say ""Heil Hitler!" (Hail Hitler!), "Heil, mein Führer!" (Hail, my leader!), or "Sieg Heil!"" (Hail victory!). It was adopted in the 1930s by the Nazi Party to show obedience to the party's leader, Adolf Hitler. It also gave honour to the German nation (and later the German war effort). The salute was required for all civilians. It was mostly optional for military personnel who retained the traditional salute until shortly after the failed assassination attempt on Hitler on July 20, 1944. In modern times. Use of this salute is currently a criminal offense in Germany, Italy, Japan, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria and Uzbekistan. In Switzerland, France, Canada, the Netherlands and Sweden, the salute is illegal hate speech if used for promoting Nazi ideology. Wengen Wengen is a village in the municipality of Lauterbrunnen in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. Stechelberg Stechelberg is a small village in the municipality of Lauterbrunnen in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. Coimbatore district Coimbatore district is one of the 32 districts of Tamil Nadu. Its headquarter Coimbatore city is the second biggest city in the state of Tamil Nadu. Coimbatore district is one of the most industrialized district of Tamil Nadu in textiles, education, healthcare, information technology, manufacturing etc. As of 2011, Coimbatore district had a population of 34,58,045 and the literacy rate is 84%. History. Coimbatore district was a part of the historical region of Kongu Nadu. It was ruled by the Cheras in the ancient period. Coimbatore is an important region between the Roman trade route that extended from Muziris to Arikamedu. In the 10th century, the medieval Cholas conquered the region. In the 15th century it was controlled by the Vijayanagara Empire. The Madurai Nayaks introduced the Palayakkars system after capturing Kongu Nadu region. It was divided into 24 palayams. Later this region came under the Kingdom of Mysore. After the defeat of Tipu Sultan in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, the region was annexed with Madras prescidency. Coimbatore played an important role in the Second Polygar War when the region was under Dheeran Chinnamalai. Coimbatore city was named the capital of newly formed Coimbatore district. It is said that the district comprised of modern-day Tiruppur, Erode, Karur, Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu, Palakkad in Kerala and Chamarajanagar in Karnataka. Geography. Coimbatore district is in the Western part of Tamil Nadu state. The district is fed with many rivers. The rivers of Bhavani, Noyyal, Amaravathi, Kousika and Aliyar are the major rivers flowing through this district. The drinking water is sourced by the Siruvani Dam. Waterfalls in the district include Monkey Falls, Thirumoorthy Falls, Vaideki Falls, Sengupathi Falls and Chinnakallar Falls. The Coimbatore district is near the Nilgiri Mountains, Anaimalai ranges and the Munnar ranges. Forests consist of 20% of the district's area. The main trees of these forests are the Teak, Sandalwood, Rosewood and Bamboo, which are used for commercial purposes. Wild Elephants, Tigers, Spot-billed Pelicans, Wild boar, leopards, Bison, Nilgiri tahr, Sloth bear animals are common in these regions. Demographics. The Coimbatore district had a population of 34,58,045 with literacy rate of 84% and sex ratio of 1000 females per 1000 males. The population also consists of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Tamil is the principle language spoken in this region. The Tamil spoken here is known as Kongu Tamil, a variant of Tamil and English. Being near the border of the state, a small proportion of people speak Malayalam, Telugu and also Kannada. The majority religion is Hindu. Tourist places. Valparai is a town in the Coimbatore district. It is in the mountain region and is an excellent tourist place. This town is also famous for tea plantations. Several waterfalls such as the Monkey Falls are in this district. Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary is in a valley between the Anaimalai Hills and Nelliampathi Hills. The Perur Pateeswarar temple, Vana Badhrakali Amman temple, Masani Amman Temple, Marudamalai Murugan Temple are famous temples present here. The mountains of the Western Ghats also run through this district. Slime Rancher Slime Rancher is an Indie open world first person life simulation game video game made by Monomi Park. The game was put on Steam Early Access on January 14, 2016, and released on August 1, 2017, supporting Windows, OS X, PlayStation 4, Xbox one, and Nintendo Switch. Gameplay. The player controls a character called Beatrix LeBeau, a rancher who moves to another planet. The player must build their ranch to collect, raise and feed slimes who are Living creatures. The game is based around feeding slimes so they make "plorts" which the player can sell for Newbucks. Newbucks are used for lots of things like, upgrading the players ranch and Upgrading the player. The player uses their Vacpack which is used to store a certain amount of items. A sequel named Slime Rancher 2 is in early access. Reception. Reviews of this game have talked highly of it for its joyful atmosphere and bright colors. Soledad Giménez Soledad Giménez Muñoz, also known as Sole Giménez (February 27, 1963 in Paris, Île-de-France) is a Spanish-French singer-songwriter. From 1983 until 2006, she was the leader of the jazz group Presuntos Implicados. Some of her best known songs are "Alma de blues", "Mi pequeño tesoro", and "Cómo hemos cambiado". Throughout her career, she has performed with such artists as Joaquín Sabina, María Dolores Pradera, Joan Manuel Serrat, Herbie Hancock, Milton Nascimento, Randy Crawford, Armando Manzanero, Pancho Céspedes, Ana Torroja, Miguel Ríos, Ana Belén, Revólver, Los Piratas, Los Sabandeños, Dúo Dinámico, and Enrique Heredia. Biography. Early life. Giménez was born and raised in Paris, France, where she lived until she was 5 years old. In 1968, she moved to Yecla, Region of Murcia, Spain, where her parents were from. Today she lives with her family in Valencia, Spain. Education. In 1974, she became member of the Purisima's Basilica girls choir of Yecla. In 1981, she moved to Valencia, where she began to study fine arts at Facultad de San Carlos. Musical career. Two years later, her brother convinced her to send a demo to the RNE's music contest: "Don Domingo" and she was selected to perform on the radio with her band, Presuntos Implicados. At that time, there were eleven people in the band. As a professional singer, she was hired by the U.S. label RCA. Her first singles were "Miss Circuitos" and "Te voy a provocar", and her first LP album was "Danzad, danzad malditos". In 2003, she left Presuntos Implicados and began her career as soloist. In 2004, she released her first solo album, "Ojalá". Gisikon Gisikon is a municipality of the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Greppen Greppen is a municipality in the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. It is at the base of huge Mount Rigi. The exclave is separated by Lake Lucerne from the rest of the district. Honau, Switzerland Honau is a municipality of the district of Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Arrondissements of the Hautes-Alpes department There are 2 arrondissements in the Hautes-Alpes department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes. The arrondissements of the Hautes-Alpes are: History. Since its creation, the Hautes-Alpes department has had few changes: Connecticut Compromise The Connecticut Compromise (also known as the Great Compromise of 1787 or Sherman's Compromise) was an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that established a two-house legislature under the United States Constitution. It retained the bicameral legislature as proposed by Roger Sherman, along with proportional representation in the lower house. It required the upper house, United States Senate, to have two members from each state. The lower house, or House of Representatives, would have representation based on the population of a state. Fort Sumter Fort Sumter is a island fortification in Charleston, South Carolina. The fort was where the American Civil War began. On April 12, 1861, Confederate artillery opened fire on the fort. The Union garrison, under the command of Major Robert Anderson, surrendered the fort 34 hours later. Union forces attempted to take the fort back several times during the Civil War. The fort was abandoned by Confederate forces when the Union Army, under the command of Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman captured Charleston in February 1865. History. President James Madison recommended a series of coastal defenses in a message to Congress on December 5, 1815. This began a system of forts known as the "Third Coastal Defense System". Congress agreed and construction began on these forts in 1816. One of the locations selected was in Charleston harbor. In 1829 construction began on a shoal in the harbor about west of Fort Moultrie. Over the next 16 years a artificial island was created using of rock and stone. When completed it was designed to house 650 officers and soldiers with 135 guns mounted on three rows, one above the next. All the guns would point towards the harbor. It was named for Brigadier General Thomas Sumter, a Revolutionary War hero. In 1860 the fort was about 90% complete when work stopped after South Carolina seceded from the Union. In the early hours of April 12, 1861, a mortar shell exploded over the fort starting the Civil War. During the war, Fort Sumter remained in Confederate hands. From 1863 to 1865 Union forces laid siege to the fort. For 587 days Confederate soldiers held onto the fort, although by 1865 the fort had been completely destroyed by Union bombardments. In 1870, the work of clearing the rubble started. The rebuilding of the fort was directed by General Quincy A. Gillmore. He had commanded the Union guns during the siege of the fort in 1861. But in 1876, the work stopped and the fort began to slowly deteriorate again. From 1876 to 1898, the fort served as a lighthouse. In 1898, at the outbreak of the Spanish–American War, Army engineers began rebuilding again with a massive concrete battery in the center of the fort. It mounted two 12-inch gun M1895 costal guns. The construction was not completed until after the war. During World War I the two-gun battery (called "Battery Huger") was manned by the U.S. Army. By World War II the guns were obsolete. They were finally removed in 1943. Later in the war it became an Anti-aircraft battery. In 1948 the National Park Service took possession of the fort. Fort Sumter National Monument. Today, the restored Fort Sumpter, along with the Visitor center and Education Center (both in Charleston) and Fort Moultrie are popular tourist attractions. The fort is accessible only by special ferries that depart from Liberty Square. The ride to the island takes about 30 minutes. There is also a ferry service from Patriots Point which has parking for recreational and taller vehicles. The monument is open to visitors 362 days a year. The restored fort is one level instead of the former three levels. Several of the brick walls still have artillery projectiles stuck in the masonry. The park museum has a scale model of the original fort. It houses the original 33-star U.S. flag that flew during the first bombardment. Also on display is the original flag of the South Carolina militia (called the Palmetto Guard) who took possession of the fort after the Union surrender. Arrondissement of Briançon The arrondissement of Briançon is a French arrondissement in the Hautes-Alpes department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Briançon. History. When the Hautes-Alpes department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Briançon was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Briançon is the most northern of the Hautes-Alpes department. It is bordered to the east by the Piedmont region (Italy), to the southeast by the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, to the south by the Gap "arrondissement", to the west by the Drôme department and to the north by the Savoie department. The "arrondissement" of Briançon is the smallest of the two "arrondissements" of the department both in area, , and population (35,752 inhabitants). Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are four cantons in the "arrondissement" of Briançon and all have their communes in the "arrondissement": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Briançon has 37 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Prerogative A prerogative is an exclusive power or privilege possessed by an official of a government or state as a part of his or her office. Under English law it is right of a sovereign, which in theory, has no restrictions. For example, the British monarch holds Royal prerogatives which have never been fully listed. In practice, they are usually used by ministers on behalf of the monarch. In the United States, the Constitution is written in such a way to allow executive prerogatives. Presidents use these powers to manage crises or to resolve disputes. Although nothing in the Constitution specifically gave him the power to do it, George Washington used executive prerogative to declare neutrality in the 1790s dispute between Great Britain and France. Thomas Jefferson used it to make the Louisiana Purchase. Abraham Lincoln used it many times during the American Civil War. Arrondissement of Gap The arrondissement of Gap is an arrondissement of France, in the Hautes-Alpes department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital, and prefecture, is the city of Gap, the largest city in the department. History. When the Hautes-Alpes department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Gap was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Gap is in the southern half of the Hautes-Alpes department. It is bordered to the east and south by the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, to the west by the Drôme department, to the north by the Isère department and to the northeast by the Briançon "arrondissement". The "arrondissement" of Gap is the largest of the two "arrondissements" of the department both in area, , and population (104,131 inhabitants). Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are 11 cantons in the "arrondissement" of Gap and all have their communes in the "arrondissement": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Gap has 130 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Cosgrove Hall Films Cosgrove Hall Films (also known as Cosgrove Hall Productions) is a Manchester, UK production company begun by Brian Cosgrove. Cosgrove Hall Films produced various series and productions to 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. The company was formed in 1976. They stopped creating shows in 2012. T2 phage T2 phage is more properly called Enterobacteria phage T2. It is a virulent bacteriophage which infects "Escherichia coli" bacteria. It contains linear double-stranded DNA, and is covered by a protective protein coat. T2 is a 'tailed phage', one of a group known as the 'T4-like viruses'. The DNA of the phage is injected into "E. coli" cells. It quickly turns the "E. coli" cell into a T2-producing factory. New phages are released when the cell ruptures. The Hershey–Chase experiments, done by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase, showed how the DNA of viruses is injected into the bacterial cells, while most of the viral proteins stay outside. The injected DNA molecules cause the bacterial cells to produce more viral DNA and proteins. These discoveries showed that DNA, rather than proteins, is the hereditary material. Rhyme royal Rhyme royal is a seven-line stanza with rhyme scheme a-b-a-b-b-c-c. It is also spelled Rime royal. It is unknown who invented this scheme. Geoffrey Chaucer introduced the stanza into English poetry in 14th century. It may have been borrowed from Italian or French poetry, but the form became typically English. Chaucer used the form in "Troilus and Criseyde". Rhyme royal was popular in the 15th and 16th centuries. Many English and Scottish poets used rhyme royal. It is suitable for long poems. In English literature rhyme royal is almost always composed of ten-syllable lines with five beats. Outside England rhyme royal is not as popular. In the United States Emma Lazarus wrote some poems using ababbcc rhyme-scheme. This stanza comes form her poem "Sympathy" (included in "Epochs"). Poets who wrote rhyme royal frequently were William Morris and John Masefield. In 20th century the stanza went out of use. Ottava rima Ottava rima is a stanza of eight lines with the rhyme-scheme a-b-a-b-a-b-c-c. Ottava rima is of Italian origin. It was used by many poets in Italy, Spain and Portugal in 15th and 16th centuries. Some of the poets to use this form were Ludovico Ariosto, Torquato Tasso, Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga and Luís Vaz de Camões. In England it was not so popular at that time. Later Lord Byron wrote "Don Juan" in ottava rima. An example can be found in Emma Lazarus's poetry: Buëch The Buëch () is a river in southeastern France, a right tributary of the Durance. It is also called the Grand Buëch in its upper course just to the confluence with the "Petit Buëch" river. Geography. The Buëch river has a length of and a drainage basin with an area of approximately . Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Laragne-Montéglin in the Hautes-Alpes department, for a period of 15 years. Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Laragne-Montéglin Course. The Buëch starts several kilometres to the east of "col de la Croix-Haute", a mountain pass in the western side of the "Massif du Dévoluy" mountains, in the "commune" of Lus-la-Croix-Haute, Drôme department, at an elevation of about . It then flows to the southwest and gets into the Hautes-Alpes department and then flows to the south. Finally, the river flows into the Durance river, as a right tributary, near Sisteron, in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department. The Buëch flows through 3 departments and 23 "communes", in 2 regions: Main tributaries. The main tributaries of the Buëch river are: Left tributaries: Right tributaries: Agnes Nixon Agnes Nixon (December 10, 1922 - September 28, 2016) was an American actress, writer and producer. She was best known as the creator of soap operas, such as "All My Children", "One Life to Live" and "Loving". Nixon was also writer for "As the World Turns". She was the head-writer for "Guiding Light" and "Another World". Nixon was a pioneer in including subjects that were socially relevant into daytime television. She introduced subjects such as abortion, drug addiction and the Vietnam War into her stories. Nixon was born in Chicago. She died at age 93 in Haverford, Pennsylvania. However, some sources claim Nixon was born in 1927. Cultured meat Cultured meat, also called synthetic meat, is meat grown in cell culture instead of inside animals. It is a form of cellular agriculture. Cultured meat is produced using many of the same tissue engineering techniques used in regenerative medicine. Up to now the cost to produce cultured meat has been extremely high. The first cultured beef burger patty, created by Dr. Mark Post at Maastricht University, was eaten at a demonstration for the press in London in August 2013. Uranium trioxide Uranium trioxide (UO3), also called uranyl oxide, uranium(VI) oxide, and uranic oxide, is an oxide of uranium. UO3 is a hexavalent oxide, which means that the uranium in the compound has an oxidation state of +6. It can be formed by heating uranyl nitrate to 400 °C. UO3 is a poisonous and slightly radioactive substance. It can be harmful if it is breathed in, ingested, or makes contact with skin. Umutsuz Ev Kadınları Umutsuz Ev Kadınları, is a Turkish comedy drama TV series, based on the American comedy drama TV series Desperate Housewives. Richard Aldington Richard Aldington (8 July 1892 – 27 July 1962), born Edward Godfree Aldington, was an English writer and poet. Aldington was known best for his World War I poetry and the 1929 novel, "Death of a Hero". He was met with controversy from his 1955 "Lawrence of Arabia: A Biographical Inquiry". His 1946 biography, "Wellington", was awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize. He met the poet Hilda Doolittle in 1911 and they married two years later. They divorced in 1938. Aldington joined the British Army in 1916. He served in the Royal Sussex Regiment. He was wounded on the Western Front. Edwin Atherstone Edwin Atherstone (1788-1872) was an English writer, poet and playwright. Biography. Edwin Atherstone was born in Nottingham on 17 April 1788. He was one of fifteenth children of Hugh Atherstone and Ann Green. He learned in Yorkshire at Fulneck Moravian School. He lived with Mary Wainwright Pearson. They were never married, but had four children, three daughters and a son. Atherstone taught music at school in Taunton. He also collected paintings. The poet died in Bath on 29 January. Literary Works. Edwin Atherstone wrote a lot. He published his first poem, named "Last Days of Herculaneum" in 1821. His best known work is the poem "The Fall of Nineveh". The poem was written for many years. First edition was published in 1828, and the last one in 1868. It is written in blank verse. It is over twenty thousand lines long. It consists of a prelude and thirty books. It tells about a war between Medes and Assyrians. The war took place some centuries before Christ. Main heroes are Arbaces, prince of Medes, Belesis, a priest and friend of Arbaces and Sardanapalus, a cruel king of Assyria. After many battles Medes got Nineveh, which was the capital city of Assyria. Sardanapalus put fire to his own palace and died inside. Sardanapalus is really a criminal. He ordered execution of one hundred war prisoners. He locked all his concubines in his palace so that they died in the fire. The other poems by Atherstone are "Israel in Egypt", about Moses and freeing Jews form slavery in Egypt, "Abradates and Panthea" and "A Midsummer Day's Dream". He also wrote two novels: "The Sea-Kings in England" (1830) and "The Handwriting on the Wall" (1858). Inspired painting. He was a close friend and associate of the painter John Martin, whose well-known painting "The Fall of Nineveh" was produced in conjunction with Atherstone's poem. Yuzu The yuzu is a citrus fruit and plant. It originated in East Asia. The fruit looks like a rough small and yellow grapefruit, and changes colour from green to yellow when it becomes more ripe. The yuzu is often used in Japanese and Korean cuisine. It appears much like a lemon but tastes more like a floral lime. Horw Horw (Swiss German: "Horb") is a municipality in Lucerne-Land in the Swiss canton of Lucerne. The Swiss Family Robinson The Swiss Family Robinson (German: "Der Schweizerische Robinson") is a novel by Johann David Wyss. It was first published in 1812. The story is about a Swiss family shipwrecked in the East Indies while on their way to Port Jackson, Australia. History. It was written by Swiss pastor Johann David Wyss, edited by his son Johann Rudolf Wyss and illustrated by his son Johann Emmanuel Wyss. The novel was intended to teach his four sons about family values, good husbandry, the uses of the natural world and self-reliance. Wyss' attitude toward education is in line with the teachings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Many of the episodes have to do with Christian-oriented moral lessons such as frugality, husbandry, acceptance, cooperation, etc. The family includes the sons Fritz, Ernest, Jack and Franz. It also includes their mother and their father who is the main character and narrator. The adventures are presented as a series of lessons in natural history and the physical sciences. It resembles other, similar educational books for children in this period. Examples include Charlotte Turner Smith's "Rural Walks: in Dialogues intended for the use of Young Persons" (1795), "Rambles Further: A continuation of Rural Walks" (1796), "A Natural History of Birds, intended chiefly for young persons (1807)". But the novel differs in that it is modeled on Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe", a genuine adventure story. It presents a geographically impossible array of large mammals that probably could never have existed together on a single island. Over the years there have been many versions of the story with episodes added, changed, or deleted. Perhaps the best-known English version is by William H. G. Kingston, first published in 1879. It is based on Isabelle de Montolieu's 1813 French adaptation and 1824 continuation (from chapter 37) "Le Robinson suisse, ou, Journal d'un père de famille, naufragé avec ses enfants" in which were added further adventures of Fritz, Franz, Ernest, and Jack. Other English editions that claim to include the whole of the Wyss-Montolieu narrative are by W. H. Davenport Adams (1869–1910) and Mrs H. B. Paull (1879). Although movie and TV adaptations typically name the family "Robinson", it is not a Swiss name. The "Robinson" of the title refers to Robinson Crusoe. The German name translates as "the Swiss Robinson", and identifies the novel as belonging to the Robinsonade genre, rather than as a story about a family named Robinson. Other adaptations. The novels in one form or another have also been adapted numerous times, sometimes changing location and/or time period: Book sequels Film versions Television series Made for TV movies Comic book series Stage adaptations Computer adventure game Parody Kriens Kriens is a municipality in Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Barre des Écrins The Barre des Écrins is a mountain in the French Alps. It is the highest peak of the "Massif des Écrins" and of the Dauphiné Alps mountain range. It is in the Écrins National Park (), one of the ten French national parks. It is the only mountain or higher in France that is outside the Mont Blanc Massif. Before the annexation of Savoy, that was part of the Kingdom of Sardinia, in 1860, it was the highest mountain in France. Geography. Barre des Écrins is in the northeast of the Hautes-Alpes department (commune of Pelvoux), Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in southeast France. The south side of the mountain is rocky while the soil of the north side is covered with ice because here starts a glacier, the "Glacier Blanc". Barre des Écrins is surrounded by four glaciers: History. The first recorded ascension of the peak was made on 25 June 1864 by the Englishmen Adolphus Warburton Moore, Horace Walker and Edward Whymper, guided by Michel Croz from Chamonix and Christian Almer from Switzerland. William Auguste Coolidge, a mountain climber from United States made the first direct climb up the north side of the Barre des Ecrins in July 1870. Rubble Rubble is broken stone, of irregular size, shape and texture. Unfinished stone from a quarry is called rubble. Rubble naturally found in the soil is known also as 'brash'. Where present, it becomes more noticeable when the land is ploughed or worked. Building. "Rubble-work" is a name applied to several types of masonry. One kind, where the stones are loosely thrown together in a wall between boards and grouted with mortar almost like concrete, is called in Italian "muraglia di getto" and in French "bocage". In Pakistan, walls made of rubble and concrete, cast in a formwork, are called 'situ', which probably derives from Sanskrit (similar to the Latin 'in situ' meaning 'made on the spot'). Walls that use large stones put together without any attempt at courses is called rubble walling. They are laid at random and are held together with mortar. Where similar work is laid in courses, it is known as coursed rubble. Dry-stone walling is somewhat similar work done without the use of mortar. It is bound together by the fit of the stones and the regular placement of stones which extend through the thickness of the wall. A rubble wall built with mortar will be stronger if assembled in this way. Building foundations made of rubble almost always leak water and are damp. Rubble walls in Malta. Rubble walls () are found all over the island of Malta. Similar walls are also frequently found in Sicily and the Arab countries. The various shapes and sizes of the stones used to build these walls look like stones that were found in the area lying on the ground or in the soil. It is most probable that the practice of building these walls around the field was inspired by the Arabs during their rule in Malta, as in Sicily who were also ruled by the Arabs around the same period. The Maltese farmer found that the technique of these walls was very useful especially during an era where resources were limited. Rubble walls are used to serve as borders between the property of one farm from the other. A great advantage that rubble walls offered is that when heavy rain falls, their structure would allow excessive water to pass through and therefore, excess water will not ruin the products. Soil erosion is minimised as the wall structure allows the water to pass through but it traps the soil and prevents it from being carried away from the field. One can see many rubble walls on the side of the hills and in valleys where the land slopes down and consequently the soil is in greater danger of being carried away. Francisco de Sá de Miranda Francisco de Sá de Miranda (28 August 1481 – 17 May 1558) was a Portuguese poet. Sá de Miranda was the first author of Renaissance in Portugal. He was born in Coimbra. His parents were Gonçalo Mendes de Sá and Inês de Melo. He learned Greek, Latin and philosophy at Santa Cruz Monastery. Then he went to Lisbon to study law at the university. He travelled to Italy, where he met many poets including Vittoria Colonna. When he returned to Portugal, he worked for the king. His main merit for Portuguese literature is that he introduced Italian verse forms. Sá de Miranda was the first author to write sonnets in Portugal. His best known poem is the sonnet "O sol é grande, caem co'a calma as aves". It was translated into English by John Adamson in "Lusitania illustrata". Alicia Machado Alicia Machado (born December 6, 1976) is a Venezuelan-born American beauty pageant winner, singer and actress. She was Miss Universe 1996. She was the fourth woman from Venezuela to win the Miss Universe. Before she was Miss Universe 1996, she was Miss Venezuela 1995. In 2016, Machado became a United States citizen. Also in 2016, Machado spoke out against Donald Trump. She said that he had called her "Miss Piggy" because of her weight during her year as Miss Universe. She said that Trump also called her "Miss Housekeeping" because she was Latina. Religious order A religious order is a group of people who live in some way set apart from others, in accordance with their specific religious devotion. Their principles are usually created from their founder's religious practice. The order may comprise initiates (laity) and, in some traditions, ordained clergy. Religious orders exist in many of the world's religions. Many orders operate monasteries. Gregorio Honasan Gregorio Ballesteros Honasan II, better known as Gringo Honasan, is a retired Philippine Army officer. He led an unsuccessful coups d'état against President Corazon Aquino. He played a key role in the 1986 People Power Revolution that ended the rule of President Ferdinand Marcos. President Fidel Ramos granted Honasan amnesty in 1992 for his actions against President Aquino. He entered politics and became a senator. In 2016 he ran unsuccessfully for vice president of the Philippines as Jejomar Binay's running-mate. Nur Misuari Nur Misuari, born Nurallaji Pinang Misuari, is a Moro revolutionary and politician. He is the founder and leader of the Moro National Liberation Front. Ryder Cup The Ryder Cup is a golf tournament. It is held between the United States and Europe every 2 years. The tournament was first held in 1927. The current venue is Hazeltine National Golf Club in Minnesota, USA. Hazeltine National Golf Club The Hazeltine National Golf Club is a golf club in Minnesota, USA. Guests are not allowed in unless accompanied by a member and it is a Championship Golf Club. It is named after Lake Hazeltine. It is a championship golf club. Gali Gali can refer to: Indie game An independent video game or indie game is a game made without money from a publisher. They often rely on digital distribution, some indie games have become very successful like Minecraft. Overview. Indie game has no true definition, but has certain features, they are often made by one person or a small team, often smaller than mainstream titles, often not getting money from a publisher. But being without a publisher means that they have no-one telling them what they can and can't do, giving them much more freedom to make a game they want to make. But making a Indie game does not mean they have no publisher. Indie game developers often go to crowd-funding sites to help fund the game, but often make very little profit. History. Indie games started on PCs where it currently remains. Indie games become popular as shareware. But as better technologies came out people began to expect more from these small teams, indie games have seen a huge rise in the later half of the 2000s. Oscar Stanton De Priest Oscar Stanton De Priest was an American Republican politician and civil rights advocate. He served as a U.S. Representative from the state of Illinois. During his three terms, he was the only African American serving in Congress. De Priest proposed a law barring discrimination in the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). The CCC was program of the New Deal to employ people across the country in building infrastructure. His proposal was made a law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 1929, De Priest made national news. First Lady Lou Hoover invited his wife, Jessie, to a traditional tea for congressional wives at the White House. In reaction several newspapers published a racist poem called "Niggers in the White House". The poem was first published when Booker T. Washington dined with President Theodore Roosevelt. Pinus pinaster Pinus pinaster, also known as the maritime pine, cluster pine, or pinaster pine, is a pine native to the Mediterranean region. Names. Common names in some other languages are: Description. The maritime pine is a large tree tree, that grows up to tall with an average trunk diameter of up to . The bark is orange-red and thick, but thinner in the upper parts of the tree. The leaves ('needles') are in pairs, broad and long, and bluish-green to yellowish-green. The maritime pine is monoecious with separate male an female flowers but on the same plant, in cones. The seeds are long, with a wing. Seeds are spread by the wind. Taxonomy. "Pinus pinaster" was described by William Aiton, a Botanist from Scotland, in 1789. There are three subspecies of "Pinus pinaster" Aiton: Where it grows. The maritime pine is native to the southwest and southern Europe, North Africa in Morocco, and along the border between Algeria and Tunisia. It is mainly a pine of low, coastal plains, usually on sandy soils of sea shore dunes; however, in Morocco this species can grow in mountains to an elevation of near . It has been introduced into regions with a similar Mediterranean climate. The species is regarded as a highly invasive species. A large production of seeds that are spread by the wind and rapid growth rate all contribute to its ability to invade native habitats, which suffer a loss of species diversity. The maritime pine is reported to be an aggressive colonizer in Chile, Uruguay, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa Uses. The maritime pine is widely planted for timber in its native area. It is one of the most important trees in forestry in France, Spain and Portugal. The pine forest in Landes in southwest France is the largest man-made maritime pine forest in Europe. The resin is also a source of turpentine and rosin. As well as industrial uses, maritime pine is also a popular ornamental tree, planted in parks and gardens in areas with warm temperate climates. It is also used as a source of flavonoids, catechins, proanthocyanidins, and phenolic acids. Littau Littau was a municipality in Lucerne in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2010, the former municipality of Littau merged into the city of Lucerne. Malters Malters is a municipality in the district of Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Nevinnomyssk Nevinnomyssk () is a city in Stavropol Krai, Russia. It is occupies both bank (geography)s of the Kuban River at its confluence with the Bolshoy Zelenchuk River, south of Stavropol. Population: 132,141 (2002 Census); 92,000 (1973); 40,000 (1959). Giuseppe Natoli Giuseppe Natoli Gongora di Scaliti (9 June 1815 – 25 September 1867) was an Italian lawyer and politician from the Mediterranean island of Sicily. He was Minister of Agriculture under Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, in the first government of the Kingdom of Italy after unification in 1861. Startup company A startup company (startup or start-up) is a new and fast-growing company. They try to meet a marketplace need, offering an innovative product, process or service. A start-up is usually a small business, a partnership or an organization. Rapid growth is what they aim for. Often, startup companies use the internet, e-commerce, computers, and telecommunications. The term became fashionable in the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s, when a great number of internet-based companies were formed. Some startups become big and they become unicorns, i.e. privately held startup companies valued at over US$1 billion. The term was coined in 2013 by venture capitalist Aileen Lee, choosing the mythical animal to represent the statistical rarity of such successful ventures. According to "TechCrunch", there were 452 unicorns as of May 2019, and most of the unicorns are in the USA, followed by China. The unicorns are concentrated in a few countries. The unicorn leaders are the U.S. with 196 companies, China with 165, India with 65 and the U.K. with 16. Meggen, Switzerland Meggen is a municipality of the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Meierskappel Meierskappel is a municipality of the district of Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Root, Switzerland Root is a municipality of the district of Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Schwarzenberg, Switzerland Schwarzenberg is a municipality in the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Udligenswil Udligenswil is a municipality of the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Jose Maria Sison José María Canlás Sison is a writer and activist. He founded the Communist Party of the Philippines. Sison was arrested during the Ferdinand Marcos presidency. He was imprisoned for almost 9 years. Corazón Aquino released him from prison. Sison went into exile in the Netherlands. His experience in prison was described in "Prison & Beyond", a book of poetry released in 1986. It won the Southeast Asia WRITE award for the Philippines. Mengistu Haile Mariam Mengistu Haile Mariam (born 21 May 1937) is an Ethiopian politician. He was an important officer in the Communist military junta that governed Ethiopia from 1974 to 1987. He was President of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia from 1987 to 1991. Mariam was a dictator. It is estimated that he was responsible for 500,000 to over 2,000,000 deaths. In May 1991 Mariam left the country for Zimbabwe. The Ethiopian Civil War ended when he left. In 2010, Mengistu announced the publication of its memoirs. In early 2012, a manuscript of the memoir, titled Tiglachin ("Our Struggle" in Amharic), was leaked on the Internet. A few months later, the first volume leaked was published in the United States and in 2016, the second volume followed. This time it was published in Ethiopia. Mengistu accused the ERP remains of having published the first volume to sabotage its publication. B. J. Vorster Balthazar Johannes Vorster was a South African politician. He served as the Prime Minister of South Africa and State President of South Africa. He is commonly known as John Vorster. Vorster believed in apartheid. He was part of a group who sentenced Nelson Mandela to life imprisonment. Vitznau Vitznau is a municipality in the district of Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. It occupies a narrow strip between the lake and the Rigi looming behind; one of the mountain railways to the summit starts in Vitznau. Weggis Weggis is a municipality of the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. It is on the northern shore of Lake Lucerne. Sursee District Sursee is a district of the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. The capital is the town of Sursee. It contains the following municipalities: Beromünster Beromünster is a municipality in Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. History. Since 2004, Schwarzenbach part of the municipality. On 1 January 2009 Gunzwil became part of Beromünster. On 1 January 2013 the Neudorf became part of Beromünster. Büron Büron is a municipality of the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Buttisholz Buttisholz is a municipality of the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Eich, Switzerland Eich is a municipality of the district of Sursee in the Swiss canton of Lucerne. Geuensee Geuensee is a municipality of the district Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Grosswangen Grosswangen is a municipality of the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Gunzwil Gunzwil was a municipality of the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. In 2009, it became part of the municipality of Beromünster. Hildisrieden Hildisrieden is a municipality of the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Knutwil Knutwil is a municipality in Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Mauensee, Lucerne Mauensee is a municipality in Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Lake Mauensee is in the municipality Cachapoal Province Cachapoal Province () is one of three provinces of the central Chilean region of Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins (VI). Its capital is the city of Rancagua. The province is named after the Cachapoal river that flows through the province from east to west. Geography. The Cachapoal province has an area of , the largest province in the O'Higgins region. Cachapoal is a landlocked province (it does not border the ocean) and is bordered to the north by the Santiago Metropolitan region, to the east by Argentina, to the south by the Colchagua province and to the west by the Cardenal Caro province. Most of the province is in the valley of the Cachapoal river; it is region where grapes are grown to produce wine. Population. The people from the province are called "Cachapoalino" (women: "Cachapoalina"). (last national census), there were 542,901 people living in the province, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km². The largest city of the province is Rancagua, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 206,971 inhabitants, followed by the city of Rengo (30,891 inhabitants). Administration. As a province, Cachapoal is a second-level administrative division, consisting of 17 communes ("comunas"). The city of Rancagua serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor. Hair tie A hair tie, also known as a ponytail holder, or hair band, is an accessory used to hold back long hair, particularly away from areas such as the face. This is usually done as part of a hairstyle, such as pigtails, ponytails, or afro puffs. Hair tie's elasticity and durability varies according to the material or materials from which they are made. Most hair ties are made of elastic, wool, rubber, or stretchy cotton. A specific type of hair tie is known as a scrunchie. Scrunchies are hair ties that are covered with fabric. Wrath of the Titans Wrath of the Titans is a 2012 American-British-Spanish fantasy-adventure film directed by Jonathan Liebesman. It is a sequel to Clash of the Titans, and stars Sam Worthington, Liam Neeson, Rosamund Pike, Ralph Fiennes, Édgar Ramírez, Toby Kebell and Bill Nighy. The film takes place ten years after the events of the first film and involves Perseus battling to save Zeus-who is being held captive in the Underworld-as well as defeat the Titans (who have broken free from Tartarus thanks to the gods losing control of them while their immortality is draining) and save mankind. Like its predecessor it gained poor critical reviews, but was commercially successful. A sequel called "Revenge of the Titans" was in production but later scrapped. Plot. Ten years after battling the Kraken, Perseus (Sam Worthington) lives a simple life as a widower fisherman raising his son Helius (John Bell). Zeus (Liam Neeson) visits Perseus, asking for help, revealing that Kronos, the leader of the Titans, is escaping from the Underworld and the walls of Tartarus-where the Titans are imprisoned-are crumbling thanks to humanity's lack of prayers which is also causing the gods' immortality to drain. Perseus declines, valuing his family's safety. Zeus travels to the underworld where he meets his brothers Hades (Ralph Fiennes) and Poseidon (Danny Huston) and son Ares (Édgar Ramírez). He asks for Hades' help in rebuilding the walls of Tartarus, but he rejects the offer and attacks Zeus. Ares betrays his father, imprisons him and steals his thunderbolt. Hades and Ares plan to make a deal with Kronos: they will drain Zeus's divine power to revive him in exchange for remaining immortal. The walls of Tartarus crumble and the Titans are unleashed. After battling a chimera which attacked his village, Perseus travels to the underworld to meet Zeus. He instead discovers Poseidon, who is severely wounded and, after informing of the circumstances, tells Perseus to find his demigod son Agenor (Toby Kebbell), who will lead him to the blacksmith god Hephaestus (Bill Nighy). Poseidon gives Perseus his trident and dies of his injuries, crumbling into dust. Perseus, Andromeda (Rosamund Pike) and Agenor travel to a hidden island to find Hephaestus. Agenor explains that Hephaestus the weapons that Zeus, Poseidon and Hades use; the thunderbolt, trident and pitchfork and these weapons can form the Spear of Trium, which can destroy Kronos. Gurnard Gurnard may refer to: Macy's Macy's (originally R. H. Macy's) is a North American department store chain, originally headquartered in New York until 1994. The company expanded through buyouts of various department stores and companies. Macy's status as an independent company ended in 1992 after filing for bankruptcy. The company was later bought by Cincinnati-based Federated Department Stores in 1994. The company moved its headquarters to Cincinnati that year. From 1995-2005 Federated began to fold its less popular chains such as Stern's, Lazarus and many others into Macy's. In 2005 Macy's acquired rival The May Department Stores Company creating the nation's largest department store holding company, with over 800 locations. On September 9, 2006 Macy's became a national brand after Federated retired the former May regional chains. In 2007 Federated announced it would re-brand to Macy's, Inc. as an effort to focus on the Macy's name. As of 2016 Macy's has stores in 45 states. Scotland, Connecticut Scotland is a town in Windham County, Connecticut, in the United States. In 2010, 1,726 people lived there. Scotland is a rural town. It has many farms. The town has the fewest people in the county. Colchagua Province The Colchagua Province () is one of three provinces of the central Chilean region of Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins (VI). Its capital is the city of San Fernando. Geography. The Colchagua province has an area of , the second largest and the most southern province of the O'Higgins region. Colchagua is a landlocked province (it does not border the ocean) and is bordered to the north by the Cachapoal province, to the east by Argentina, to the south by the Curicó province (Maule region) and to the west by the Cardenal Caro province. The Tinguiririca volcano is in this province near the border with Argentina, in the Andes. It was near this volcano that the Uruguayan Air Force Flight 57 crashed in 1972 with its survivors lost for seventy-two days. Population. The people from the province are called "Colchagüino" (women: "Colchagüina"). (last national census), there were 196,566 people living in the province, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km². The largest city of the province is San Fernando, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 49,519 inhabitants. Administration. As a province, Cachapoal is a second-level administrative division, consisting of 10 communes ("comunas"). The city of San Fernando serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor. Azov Azov is a town at the mouth of the Don River in Rostov Oblast. It is on the east end of the Sea of Azov and about 80 thousand people live there. It was a Greek colony in the third century BC. Neudorf, Lucerne Neudorf was a municipality of the district Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013, the former municipality of Neudorf merged into the municipality of Beromünster. Neuenkirch Neuenkirch is a municipality of the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Villages. Sempach Station, Hellbühl, Nellen, Werligen, Klosterhöfli, Klösterli, Lippenrüti, Trutigen, Sellenboden, Neuhus, Weiherhüsli, Rippertschwand, Helfenstegen, Moosschür, Wartensee, Adelwil, Gottsmännigen, Mettenwil and Brämenstall. Filippo Juvarra Filippo Juvarra was an architect from Italy who lived from 1678 to 1736. He was born in Messina. He designed many famous buildings, especially churches and palaces. Works. Here is a list of some buildings he designed: Nottwil Nottwil is a municipality of the district Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. It is on the southern shore of Lake Sempach ("Sempachersee"). Hurricane Matthew Hurricane Matthew was an Atlantic hurricane. This storm developed on September 28, 2016. It threatened Jamaica, Cuba, the Dominican Republic and the Bahamas. Matthew hit Haiti on October 4, 2016. It struck Cuba later that evening. The storm was the first Category 5 hurricane in the Atlantic since 2007's Hurricane Felix. Its peak winds were 160 miles per hour. Matthew was forecast to affect the Southeastern United States from Florida to eastern North Carolina. It was also forecast to threaten New England at first. The forecast changed and later excluded New England. The storm caused more than 1,600 deaths in Hispaniola and the Caribbean. In the United States, there were 49 deaths. The Dominican Republic had four deaths from Matthew. Damage in Haiti was estimated at just over $1 billion (2016 USD). Oberkirch, Switzerland Oberkirch is a municipality of the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. It is located southwest of Lake Sempach "(Sempachersee)". Pfeffikon, Switzerland Pfeffikon is a municipality of the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013, the former municipality of Pfeffikon merged into the municipality of Rickenbach. Life simulation game A life simulation game is a kind of role-playing game or RPG where the player takes on a god-like perspective of the game. Unlike most RPGs, which progress at the player's speed, a life simulation game continues automatically. "SimAnimals" is an example of a life simulation game. Zenón Díaz Zenón Díaz was an Argentinian football player. He was the first native footballer in Argentina national football team. He played all his career in Rosario Central. Club career Max. He started as a goalkeeper in 1903. Later, Díaz played as a defender, becoming in one of the most famous footballer of amateur era. He played around 150 games and scored 8 goals. He won 4 national titles and 7 locals titles with the "canallas". He also worked at the Central Argentine Railway. National team career. He was the first native player in Argentina national team. His first match was in 1905 versus Nottingham Forest. Later he played in several cups against Uruguay, and participated in the first South American Championship (1916). Ronssoy Ronssoy is a commune in the Somme department in Picardie in northern France. Geography. Ronssoy is north of Saint-Quentin, on the D6 road. Acheux-en-Amiénois Acheux-en-Amiénois is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. In 2010, the population was 569. Agenville Agenville is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. In 2006 the population was 106. Ailly-le-Haut-Clocher Ailly-le-Haut-Clocher is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. In 2006 the population was 881. Ailly-sur-Somme Ailly-sur-Somme is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Geography. The town is 5 miles to the west of Amiens. It is in the valley of the Somme River. Airaines Airaines is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Geography. The commune is northwest of Amiens, about south of Abbeville. Aizecourt-le-Bas Aizecourt-le-Bas is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Geography. The commune is northwest of Saint-Quentin. Aizecourt-le-Haut Aizecourt-le-Haut is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Geography. The commune is northeast of Saint-Quentin. Albert, Somme Albert is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. It is about halfway between Amiens and Bapaume. Allaines Allaines is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Geography. The commune is about northeast of Saint-Quentin. Allenay Allenay is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Geography. The commune is about 5 km from the English Channel. It is on the border of the departments of the Somme and Seine-Maritime. Allonville Allonville is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Geography. The commune is north of Amiens. Andainville Andainville is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Geography. The commune is south of Abbeville. Andechy Andechy is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Geography. The commune is southeast of Amiens. Argœuves Argœuves is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Geography. The commune is north of Amiens. The Somme River is away. Arguel, Somme Arguel is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Geography. The commune is west of Amiens. Battlefield 1 Battlefield 1 is a first-person shooter video game made by EA DICE and published by EA. This is the fourteenth battlefield game. The game was released on Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, on October 21, 2016. This game is a first-person shooter which is built around teamwork. This game is set in World War I and is based on historic events. The player uses weapons from World War I. DICE changed how melee combat worked and added new weapons. The player can also use many vehicles used in World War I. The campaign, according to Daniel Berlin the game's designer, is larger with more open environments, with more option in the levels. The player controls multiply people during the game, when the character they play as dies, they will become another. The game's multiplayer is planned to allow 64 players. The new squad system will allow a group of players to join and leave games together. Multiplayer maps are based on World War I location. The game will launch with nine maps and six game modes. Classes and Battle pickups. Assault - The demolition man of BF1 [uses and ] and is the best for anti-armor and close range firefights. Medic - The healer of BF1 [uses semi-auto/Fully automatic Rifles] and can revive dead teammates and Healing them Support - Suppressor of BF1 [uses Light/Heavy machine guns] can Resupply people (uses mortars and repair tool and Neutrality (international relations) A neutral country is one that chooses not to take part in a War between other countries in international relations. International law allows a country to remain neutral during a period of war between two or more states. When a country declares it is neutral, it cannot allow any part of its territory to become a base for one side. It may not construct warships, recruit soldiers or organize military expeditions on behalf of one belligerent. It is also called "armed neutrality" when declaring itself neutral during a war. This is not the same as "neutralization", or permanent neutrality. A neutral country is also different from the neutrality claimed by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or United Nations peacekeeping groups. Permanent neutrality. An example of permanent neutrality would be the Vatican City. It declared itself permanently neutral in the 1929 Lateran Treaty. Having a long history of remaining neutral, Switzerland became a favorite place for the headquarters of many organizations. The International Red Cross established itself at Geneva during the mid-19th century. Switzerland was recognized as remaining neutral in a 1920 declaration by the League of Nations, also headquartered in Geneva. When the League was disbanded after World War II it was replaced by the United Nations. While Switzerland did not join the UN, in addition to recognizing its neutrality it was also given permanent observer status. Neutral countries. "Note: Whether a state that is a member of the European Union may be considered neutral is a point of debate. This is discussed in the section below." English law English law, also called common law, is the legal system of England and Wales. It is generally divided into criminal law and civil law. It spread to many parts of the former British Empire including Australia, Canada, the United States and New Zealand, and many other countries. English law is unique in that it is based on applying legal precedent to present and future decisions made by judges. A judge must follow past legal decisions made by higher courts but not necessarily those made by lower courts. English law is not based on a constitution and there is no codification of laws. However, there are unofficial publications that provide organized lists of current laws. Parliament has the power to create laws which are automatically considered valid and may not be reviewed by the courts. Only Parliament has the power to change a law. History. Written in about 602, the Law of Æthelberht (Athelbert of Kent) is the oldest example of Anglo-Saxon law, or of law in any Germanic language. Anglo-Saxon law was based on Ancient Germanic law which was a system of laws based on kinship. The kinship group was responsible for the acts of their members as well as for their protection. Wrongs against another were paid by Weregild, a value placed on every person and piece of property. By the 10th century these had changed into a system of hundreds. No longer based on kinship, they organized themselves to protect others in the hundred and to enforce the laws. A hundredsmann was in charge of a hundred and was responsible to see that all disputes were settled. In 1066, the Norman conquest of England brought with it many changes in the law. While much of Anglo-Saxon law was kept, new laws were added over time by the Normans. Before the Norman invasion, most laws in England were local laws and enforced by local courts. Royal courts were introduced They did not take over local laws right away, but did so over a period of time. The royal courts took the best of the local laws and used them throughout England. This established English common law, or a system of laws "common" to the entire country. By this time a second court system developed known as equity and administered by the Court of Chancery. Equity addressed situations not covered by common law. Examples of equity decisions include imposing a lien, correcting a property line or ordering someone to do something to prevent damage. The 18th century legal scholar, William Blackstone, wrote a four-volume "Commentaries on the Laws of England" which for the first time provided a complete overview of English law. Originally published 1765–1769, it has since been republished many times. Used well into the 19th century, his Commentaries were the main instruction tool in learning the law in both England and America. Abraham Lincoln read Blackstone's Commentaries as part of teaching himself the law. The jury system. The jury system probably came to England just after the Norman conquest. At first, jurors acted as witnesses in court. But over time, certainly by the reign of Henry II of England, they became the trier of fact in a court case. Juries began to deliberate the evidence provided by the parties in a dispute. Over time, jurors were told less and less about a case before a trial and learned what they needed to make a decision in court. Application to Wales. Unlike Scotland and Northern Ireland, Wales is not a separate jurisdiction in the United Kingdom. The old laws of Wales within the Kingdom of England were abolished by King Henry VIII's Laws in Wales Acts. This brought Wales into legal conformity with England. Between 1746 and 1967, any reference to England in legislation included Wales. This ceased with the enactment of the Welsh Language Act 1967. The jurisdiction is now commonly referred to as "England and Wales". Although Wales has a degree of political autonomy, it did not have the ability to pass primary legislation until the Government of Wales Act 2006 came into force after the 2007 Welsh general election. Even so, the Welsh legal system remains English common law. This is different from the situation of Northern Ireland. It did not stop being a distinct jurisdiction when its legislature was suspended. A major difference is also the use of the Welsh language, as laws concerning it apply in Wales and not in the rest of the United Kingdom. The Welsh Language Act 1993 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It put the Welsh language on an equal footing with the English language in Wales with regard to the public sector. Welsh may also be spoken in Welsh courts. Sources of English law. In England, there is a hierarchy of sources, as follows: Travis County, Texas Travis County is a county in south central Texas. The population was 1,024,266 at the 2010 census. The estimated population in 2014 was 1,151,145 people. It is the fifth-most populous county in Texas. Its county seat is Austin. Austin is also known as the capital of Texas. The county was established in 1840. It is named for William Barret Travis. Travis was the commander of the Republic of Texas at the Battle of the Alamo. Travis County is part of the Austin-Round Rock Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located along the Balcones Fault.  The physical boundaries of Austin are the Edwards Plateau to the west and the Blackland Prairie to the east. Rickenbach, Lucerne Rickenbach is a municipality of the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013, the former municipality of Pfeffikon merged into the municipality of Rickenbach. Ruswil Ruswil is a municipality of the district Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Villages. Merzenberg, Hunkelen, Ziswil, Holz, Grofenhusen, Buholz, Rüediswil, Sigigen, Werthenstein-Unterdorf. Arrondissements of the Alpes-Maritimes department There are 2 arrondissements in the Alpes-Maritimes department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes. The arrondissements of the Alpes-Maritimes are: History. Since its creation, the Alpes-Maritimes department has had some changes: Arrondissement of Grasse The arrondissement of Grasse is an arrondissement of France, in the Alpes-Maritimes department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Grasse. History. When the Alpes-Maritimes department was created on 1793, Grasse was part of the Var department. It became an "arrondissement" of the Alpes-Maritimes department in 1860. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Grasse is the most southern of the Alpes-Maritimes department. It is bordered to the north by the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, to the east by the Nice "arrondissement", to the south by the Mediterranean Sea and to the west by the Var department. The "arrondissement" of Grasse is the smallest in area of the two "arrondissements" of the department, , but the one with a higher population (560,045 inhabitants). Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Grasse, there are only two cantons where not all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement": Nice-3 and Vence. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Grasse has 62 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Arrondissement of Nice The arrondissement of Nice is an arrondissement of France, in the Alpes-Maritimes department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Nice. History. When the Alpes-Maritimes department was created on 1793, Nice was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Nice is the most northern of the Alpes-Maritimes department. It is bordered to the northeast and east by the Piedmont region (Italy), to the southeast by the Liguria region (Italy), to the south by the Mediterranean Sea, to the southwest by the Grasse "arrondissement" and to the west by the Var department. The "arrondissement" of Nice is the largest in area of the two "arrondissements" of the department, , but the one with fewer people living in it (523,267 inhabitants). Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Nice, there are only two cantons where not all their "communes" are in the "arrondissement": Nice-3 and Vence. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Nice has 101 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Schenkon Schenkon is a municipality of the district of Sursee in the Swiss canton of Lucerne. Schlierbach, Switzerland Schlierbach is a municipality of the district Sursee of the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Épernay, there are six cantons and only two of them have all their "communes" in the "arrondissement": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Épernay has 181 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" in the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants are: Arrondissement of Reims The arrondissement of Reims is an arrondissement of France, in the Marne department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Reims. History. When the Marne department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Reims was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Reims is in the northwest of the Marne department. It is bordered to the north by the Ardennes department, to the east by the Châlons-en-Champagne "arrondissement", to the south by the Épernay "arrondissement" and to the west by the Aisne department. The "arrondissement" of Reims is the third "arrondissement" of the department in area, , but the first in population (296,374 inhabitants), for a population density of inhabitants/km2. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Reims, there are 14 cantons and only three of them do not have all their "communes" in the "arrondissement": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Reims has 155 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" in the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants are: Vaganova Ballet Academy The Vaganova Ballet Academy is a ballet school which was founded in 1738 by Empress Anna Ioannovna (1693-1740) in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The original name of the academy was the Imperial Ballet School. In the Soviet regime, the school was rebuilt as the Leningrad State Choreographic Institute. After that, in 1957, the name of the school became the Vaganova Ballet Academy by Agrippina Vaganova. Every year, over 3,000 children audition and only approximately 70 children are accepted. It has eight year curriculum, and 30 dancers complete the whole of the curriculum. Dancers who take the eight year course may join ballet companies all over the world. Kishiwada Danjiri Festival Kishiwada Danjiri festival( 岸和田だんじり祭り） is a festival which is held in Kishiwada, located in southern Osaka,  in Japan for abundant crops. There are some differnet Danjiri matsuri festivals in western Japan region, but Kishiwada one is the biggest. People pull Danjiri float , run, walk and play some traditional instrument.   The date which it is held is on saturday and Sunday just before the Respect-for-the Aged Day Holiday of September. Food. There are some special foods for this festival. Some people invite their relative or friends and make blue crabs, Kantoudaki and Kurumimochi. People in Kishiwada eat a blue swimming crabs which is caught in the sea near Senshu which is located in south Osaka. The best time of catching crabs coincidents with the festival so people had degun to eat it. Kantoudaki is a japanese food in which variety of ingredients such as egg, radish potatoes, octopus, beef are boiled together in a large pot of seasoned fish broth. It is easy to make a lot at one time so many people cook this dish in Danjiri festival. Kurumimochi is a kind of a rice cake covered with ground walnuts. This is a local sweet in Osaka, and people eat this for huge harvest. Organization. the management of this festival is organized by some neighborhood associations in each town. There is an association for Danjiri in each town in parallel with women's association and child association. there are some roles in this organization. The leader is called is called Tyoukaichou( 町会長）, and the person who assumes heavy responsibility. When some incident happen or the accident has caused someone's death, Tyoukaityou is reponsible. He rides in front of Danjiri float. The leader pulling Danjiri is called Eikousekininnsha(曳行責任者. He is the highest ranking person and he is also in front of Danjiri float. Alissa White-Gluz Alissa White-Gluz (born July 31, 1985) is a Canadian singer. She is best known for being the lead singer of Swedish death metal band Arch Enemy and the former singer of Canadian metal band The Agonist. Career. The Agonist. In 2004, she formed The Agonist with guitar player Danny Marino and bass player Chris Kells. Arch Enemy. In 2014, she left The Agonist and joined Arch Enemy after the last singer, Angela Gossow, left. UEFA Euro 2016 squads These are the twenty-four national teams who played at Euro 2016 in France. Every national association must present before the UEFA a list of 23 footballers (which three of them must be goalkeepers) in ten days before the first match, that means: 31th May, 2016. A footballer can be replaced by another one if he is injured or sick, although must be certified by the UEFA's Medical Committee and by the medical staff of his football club. These dispositions are applied according art. 44 of Euro 2016's regulations. Arrondissement of Vitry-le-François The arrondissement of Vitry-le-François is an arrondissement of France, in the Marne department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Vitry-le-François. History. When the Marne department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Vitry-le-François was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Vitry-le-François is in the southeast of the Marne department. It is bordered to the north by the Sainte-Menehould "arrondissement", to the northeast by the Meuse department, to the east by the Haute-Marne department, to the south by the Aube department, to the west by the Épernay "arrondissement" and to the northwest by the Châlons-en-Champagne "arrondissement". The "arrondissement" of Vitry-le-François has an area of and 47,741 inhabitants, for a population density of inhabitants/km2. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Vitry-le-François, there are three cantons and only one does not have all their "communes" in the "arrondissement": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Vitry-le-François has 113 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" in the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants are: Arrondissement of Sainte-Menehould The arrondissement of Sainte-Menehould is an arrondissement of France, in the Marne department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Sainte-Menehould. History. When the Marne department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Sainte-Menehould was part of that original department. In 1926, the "arrondissement" was eliminated but it became again an "arrondissement" of the Marne department in 1940. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Sainte-Menehould is in the northeast of the Marne department. It is bordered to the north by the Ardennes department, to the east by the Meuse department, to the south by the Vitry-le-François "arrondissement" and to the west by the Châlons-en-Champagne "arrondissement". The "arrondissement" of Sainte-Menehould is the smallest "arrondissement" of the department with an area of and the one with fewest people living in it (13,821 inhabitants), for a population density of inhabitants/km2. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There is only one canton in the "arrondissement" of Sainte-Menehould: the canton of Argonne Suippe et Vesle; the "communes" of this canton are in the "arrondissements" of Châlons-en-Champagne and of Sainte-Menehould. Communes. The "arrondissement" of Sainte-Menehould has 67 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" in the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants are: Multiplication table A multiplication table is a tool used to learn how to multiply two numbers. The oldest known multiplication tables were written by the Babylonians about 4000 years ago. Many people think it is important to know how to multiply two numbers by heart, usually up to 12 × 12, 30 × 30, 50 × 50, or 100 × 100. Most children are introduced to the two, five and 10 times tables by year two - at the age of six and seven. Between the age of seven and eight, children start to learn the three, four and eight times tables. The hardest multiplication is 6×8, which students got wrong 63% of the time. This was closely followed by 8×6, then 11×12, 12×8 and 8×12. The easiest multiplication, on the other hand, was 1×12, which students got wrong less than 5% of the time, followed by 1×6 and 9×1. In a multiplication table, a number on the first column is multiplied by a number on the first row. The number they corner up to is the answer. In the table below, 21 and 18 are multiplied to get 378, using the table. The numbers in bold are squares (numbers multiplied by themselves). Warring States decimal multiplication table. A group of 21 strips of bamboo from 305 BC from the Warring States period is the world's oldest known decimal multiplication table. Examples. The traditional form of multiplication tables are written in columns with complete number sentences, instead of the standard modern grid. This form is also taught in the schools. Some examples of traditional form of multiplication tables are multiplication tables of 6 and 7 given below. Other operations. Addition and Division can also have their own tables. Similarly, Subtraction can also have its own table, although it is not commonly used. In mathematics, a division table, like multiplication table, is a mathematical table used to define a division operation for an algebraic system, or to obtain the solution to a certain equation. The division symbol ÷ is used in the division table, known as the obelus. It was first used to signify division in 1659. Mathematicians however, almost never use the ÷ symbol for division. Instead they use fraction notation, called the vinculum. Division tables are used for finding the Quotient in the Long division. Magistrate A magistrate is a law officer who administers the law in a court. The term varies in its use in different countries. Early years. In ancient Rome, a "magistratus" was one of the highest ranking government officers. They had judicial and executive powers. Recent examples. In some parts of the world, such as China, a magistrate was responsible for administration over a particular geographic area. Today, in some jurisdictions, a magistrate is a judicial officer who hears cases in a lower court. They usually deal with minor or preliminary matters. In England and Wales there are two types of magistrates: justices of the peace and district judges. Arrondissement of Chaumont The arrondissement of Chaumont is an arrondissement of France, in the Haute-Marne department, Grand Est region. Its capital, and prefecture of the department, is the city of Chaumont. History. When the Haute-Marne department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Chaumont was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Chaumont is in the centre of the Haute-Marne department. It is bordered to the north by the Saint-Dizier "arrondissement", to the east by the Vosges department, to the south by the Langres "arrondissement", to the southwest by the Côte-d'Or department and to the west by the Aube department. The "arrondissement" of Chaumont is the largest "arrondissement" of the department, with an area , but the second in population (64,970 inhabitants) with a population density of inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Chaumont, there are eight cantons and four of them do not have all their "communes" in the "arrondissement": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Chaumont has 159 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" in the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants are: Arrondissement of Langres The arrondissement of Langres is an arrondissement of France, in the Haute-Marne department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Langres. History. When the Haute-Marne department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Langres was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Langres is in the southern part of the Haute-Marne department. It is bordered to the north by the Chaumont "arrondissement", to the northeast by the Vosges department, to the southeast by the Haute-Saône department, and to the south and west by the Côte-d'Or department. The "arrondissement" of Langres is the second largest "arrondissement" of the department, with an area , but the one with fewest inhabitants (44,332 inhabitants) and a population density of inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Langres, there are five cantons and two of them do not have all their "communes" in the "arrondissement": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Langres has 157 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" in the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants are: Arrondissement of Saint-Dizier The arrondissement of Saint-Dizier is an arrondissement of France, in the Haute-Marne department, Grand Est region. Its capital is the city of Saint-Dizier. History. When the Haute-Marne department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Saint-Dizier was part of that original department. In 1800, the subprefecture was moved to Wassy. On 10 September 1926, the arrondissement of Wassy was eliminated but in 1940 Wassy was made again an arrondissement but the subprefecture was moved back to Saint-Dizier. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Saint-Dizier is the most northern of the "arrondissements" of the Haute-Marne department. It is bordered to the north and east by the Meuse department, to the southeast by the Vosges department, to the south by the Arrondissement of Chaumont "arrondissement", to the west by the Aube department and to the northwest by the Marne department. The "arrondissement" of Saint-Dizier is the smallest "arrondissement" of the department, with an area of , but the one with more inhabitants (71,371 inhabitants) and a population density of inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Saint-Dizier, there are eight cantons and two of them do not have all their "communes" in the "arrondissement": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Saint-Dizier has 111 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" in the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants are: Herod the Great Herod I ( 74/73 BCE – 4 BCE/1 CE), also known as Herod the Great, was the King of Judea from 37 to 4 BC. At the time Judea was a client state of Rome. During his 33 year reign, Herod was an excellent administrator. But he is most famous for the Bible account of his killing the boys of Bethlehem. While this is not confirmed by other historical records, Herod did murder countless rivals, a mother-in-law, a wife and three of his sons. Rise to power. Herod was born about 73–75 BC. He was the son of Antipater the Idumaean and his wife Cyprus, the daughter of an Arabian sheik. Both Herod's grandfather and his father were political officials in Judea. Both had close ties to the Romans. When Antipater came to the aid of Julius Caesar after the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC, Caesar made Antipater the governor of Judea. In 47 BC Antipater made his oldest son, phasael, the governor of Jerusalem. He made Herod governor of Galilee. As governor, Herod won favor with the Romans by his dealing with hostile revolts. At the same time his actions were censured by the Great Sanhedrin. King of Judea. Herod was friends with Octavian and Mark Antony who in 40 BC had the Roman Senate designate Herod as the next king of Judea. Herod traveled to the Temple of Jupiter to give thanks to the gods of Rome. When the king of Judea was beheaded in 37 BC, Herod became the "de facto" king. During Herod's early years as king, Mark Antony's relationship with Cleopatra allowed the Egyptian queen to keep taking small parts of Herod's kingdom. When Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, Herod made a new alliance with Octavian. He gained a reputation for his harsh taxes but was able to keep the peace in the region. He sent expensive gifts to Rome but did not have to pay tribute. By 30 BC, he had regained all the territory Cleopatra and the Hasmoneans had taken. He expanded his rule into northern Galilee and resettled several areas. By giving extravagant gifts to Athens and supporting the Olympic Games he increased the status of Judea in the Mediterranean world. Achievements. Herod saw himself as the perfect example of a refined king even if Bible writers saw him as a tyrant. He became completely involved in Greco-Roman history, culture and philosophy. At the same time he began neglecting the affairs of state and the study of Halakha (Jewish law). He needed the consent of the Pharisees in order to rule so he kept trying to gain their approval in a number of ways. He never won them over completely. When he built the Caesarea Maritima (22–10 BC) in honor of his patron Caesar Augustus, the pagan symbols decorating his cities upset the Jewish leaders. He organized fights between gladiators every five years and celebrated with orgies, which further upset the Jewish leaders. In 20 BC, Herod turned his attention to building the renovations for the Second Temple, also called Herod's Temple. While Herod wanted the temple to be the crowning monument to the Jewish faith, he used Greek architects. He allowed moneylenders to operate in the temple courtyard which angered many Jews. His greatest religious scandal was digging up King David's Tomb to find the treasure it was rumoured to contain. He had spent great sums of money on his other projects and thought that by secretly robbing the tomb he could profit from any treasure he found there. But on opening the tomb, there was no treasure. He rebuilt the fortresses at Masada and Herodium. After a severe earthquake in 31 BC, he built a new market, a new amphitheater and a new building for the Sanhedrin. He built a new royal palace for himself. He also improved the water supply for Jerusalem. Domestic life. Herod is thought to have had as many as nine wives and may have been married to more than one at a time. He had a large number of concubines. Herod seems to have been plagued by paranoia. He continuously thought there were conspiracies and plots to overthrow him as king. He may have married too often and produced too many sons. Herod worried each one was plotting to take his place. In all he had three of sons killed. He became suspicious of the brother of his favourite wife, Mariamme, and had him drowned in a game of water polo. He ordered Mariamme's grandfather killed and finally, Mariamme herself. As Herod realized he would die soon, he ordered all the leading men in Judea to be brought together in a large arena. As soon as the king died, they were all to be put to death. This was to keep others from celebrating his death. Herod had probably been suffering from chronic kidney disease, gangrene and possibly other diseases that left him mentally unbalanced. Maxwell (unit) Maxwell is a Gauss unit of cgs(centimetre-gram-second) on magnetic flux, named after James Clerk Maxwell and introduced by Carl Friedrich Gauss. Linus Sebastian Linus Gabriel Sebastian is a host of the YouTube channels LinusTechTips, TechQuickie, TechLinked, ShortCircuit, and ChannelSuperFun. He is the founder of LinusMediaGroup, a company dedicated to creating videos for these channels. In 2015, Inc. magazine ranked Sebastian 4th in a list of the "Top 30 Power Players in Tech". 1824 United States presidential election In the United States presidential election of 1824, John Quincy Adams was elected the sixth President of the United States. There were five candidates for president: John Quincy Adams, John C. Calhoun, William H. Crawford , Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson. Jackson was by far the most popular candidate. The winner of the Electoral College was Jackson who had 99 votes. Adams was second with 84 votes. Crawford won 41 votes while Clay won only 37. For the first time since 1801 the United States House of Representatives would decide the election. Under the Twelfth Amendment to the United States, with no Electoral College winner, the President would be voted on from among the top three candidates. Meeting in February 1825, Adams won by a single vote. Adams was the son of the second President of the United States, John Adams. Background. In 1824 the Era of Good Feelings had come to an end. Up to this time one political party, the Democratic-Republicans, had dominated American politics. When James Monroe did not support a candidate to succeed him, it allowed a wide-open campaign for president in 1824. In 1824, America was a republic, but still developing as a democracy. At the time people were not as directly involved in the political process as they would become. There were 24 states and six of them left the choice of president up to their state legislatures. So a presidential campaign was not the popularity contest it would later become. The choice of a president was in part made by other elected officials and in part by citizens who could vote. Unlike modern politicians, presidential candidates did not campaign personally. Instead, their campaign managers and others would place ads in newspapers that criticized their candidate's rivals while promoting the virtues of their candidate. The candidates left the campaigning to their friends. In the summer of 1824, about one-third of the eligible congressmen met in an informal caucus to nominate Crawford to be president. The Massachusetts legislature followed by nominating Adams as their favorite son candidate. Clay was nominated by the Kentucky legislature. Calhoun decided to run for Vice President instead. All four candidates were Democrat-Republicans so there was no official party endorsement. By this time the Federalist Party no longer existed. The candidates. Madison turned out to be the last of the Virginia dynasty of presidents. But three members of his cabinet decided to run. Adams, from Massachusetts, was the Secretary of State. Crawford, from Georgia, was the Secretary of the Treasury. Calhoun, of South Carolina, was the Secretary of War. Clay, nearly as popular in the Western territories as Jackson, was the powerful Speaker of the House of Representatives. As a heroic General, Jackson was by far the best known by the public. He had only a brief term in Congress and had been a territorial governor. He had few other qualifications. He was not experienced in diplomacy, never held a cabinet post and did not speak any foreign languages. Up to this time all U.S. presidents had diplomatic and administrative experience before becoming president. Adams, was undoubtedly the most qualified to be president. He was a son of the second president and had studied at Harvard College. He was fluent in Dutch, French and German. In 1794 he was the U.S. minister to the Netherlands. During his father's presidency he served as the minister to Prussia. Under President Madison he helped negotiate the Treaty of Ghent in 1814 ending the War of 1812. As Secretary of State he played a key role in foreign policy. Adams helped to formulate the Monroe Doctrine. He was elected to the Massachusetts legislature in 1802 and the next year was elected to the United States Senate. Adams, however, almost completely lacked charisma. He was short, bald and always had a frown on his face. If he had campaigned in person, his appearance would have prevented him from getting many votes. He described himself saying "I am a man of reserved, cold, austere and forbidding manners." Crawford had run for president once before in 1816. He had served two terms as a U.S. Senator. He served two presidents as a cabinet member and had experience as a foreign diplomat. Crawford was a strong supporter of states' rights. He was a member of a group called the "Old Republicans" or "Radicals". He was against protective tariffs and wanted limited budgets to keep the federal government weak. While generally easygoing and friendly, he had a temper every bit as bad as Jackson's. He suffered a severe stroke in 1823 and nearly died. This left him frail and weak. At the time of his nomination he was blind and still paralyzed. But he refused to give up another bid for the presidency. Calhoun was a strong Jeffersonian Republican. He was elected in 1807 to South Carolina's state legislature and in 1811 he represented his state in the U.S. House of Representatives. He was in favor of a war against Great Britain as early as 1807. In 1817 he became secretary of war under James Madison. Calhoun briefly ran for president in 1824, but withdrew early and ran for vice president instead. Henry Clay was a leading candidate in 1824. He was born in Virginia in 1777. After becoming a lawyer in Virginia in 1797, he moved to Kentucky to establish a law practice there. He was elected to the Kentucky General Assembly in 1803. Another follower of Jeffersonian politics he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1811. There he served several terms eventually rising to become Speaker of the House. He was one of the five delegates from the U.S. who negotiated the Peace Treaty at Ghent. It was Clay who proposed and got the passage of the Missouri Compromise in 1820. In some ways the candidate to beat was General Andrew Jackson of Tennessee. He was the hero of the Battle of New Orleans. During the War of 1812 he had fought against the Creek Indians along with another hero, Davy Crockett. His men had nicknamed him "Old Hickory." This made him better known than most of the other candidates. Like George Washington he had risked his life to serve his country. He was a political outsider. Unless other candidates could put together a coalition, Jackson would be difficult to defeat. Election results. There was no election "day" in 1824. All through the fall of 1824, voters cast their ballots either for individual candidates or for electors to vote in the Electoral College. Electors were chosen in the states of Delaware, Georgia, Louisiana, New York, South Carolina and Vermont. Some electors were pledged to support certain candidates while others were not. Of those who were pledged, some changed their minds and voted for another candidate. House of Representatives. Jackson received the majority of the popular vote and the majority of the electoral vote. But, no candidate received the necessary 131 electoral votes required by the Constitution. Based on the Twelfth Amendment, the election would be decided by the House of Representatives between the top three candidates. Clay, as the fourth candidate, was eliminated. But, as Speaker of the House he would play a large part in the decision of who would become president. Clay used all his influence to support Adams. He also convinced other members of the House that Jackson was not qualified to be president. This was in spite of the fact that Clay had instructions from the Kentucky legislature to vote for Jackson. Clay's arguments apparently succeeded and Adams was elected president by the House on February 9, 1825. A few days later, Adams nominated Clay to be his Secretary of State. Aftermath. Andrew Jackson and his supporters called the actions of Clay and Adams a "corrupt bargain." The presidential race of 1828 began even before Adams was sworn in as president. The apparent agreement between Adams and Clay was used to show the corruption of the system that ignored the will of the people. Jackson began campaigning as the "champion of the common man". The 1824 election caused several changes to American presidential politics. It was the end of the system of Congressional caucuses for nominating candidates. From 1800 to 1820, Congressional caucuses selected presidential candidates. There was very little direct voter involvement in the system. But in 1824, only one candidate was selected by a caucus. The other candidates decided to appeal directly to the people. This led to a major change in the system. By the 1830s politics had become a subject of wide national interest. The election of 1824 saw the end of the one-party political system. The Democratic-Republicans split into two parties. The new Democratic Party was formed by Jackson and his followers. The National Republican Party (not to be confused with the later Republican Party) was led by Adams and Clay. Jackson resigned his Senate seat returning to Tennessee. He and his followers began the groundwork for his 1828 presidential campaign. His support grew across the United States. In Congress, his supporters opposed spending programs put forward by Adams. Jackson was the champion of the common man while Adams was said to represent everything that was wrong in American politics. After three years in office, Adams accomplished very little. This was in part because of his own shortcomings and in part by the pressure put on him by Jackson's followers. Wigan Warriors Wigan Warriors are a rugby league club from Wigan, United Kingdom. Wigan play in Super League and have won 21 league championships, 19 Challenge Cups and 4 World Club titles. Wigan play at the DW Stadium. Super League The Super League is a rugby league competition for clubs from the United Kingdom and France. The league started in 1996 and Wigan Warriors are the current champions, having won the 2016 title. Nissan Navara Nissan Navara (also called Nissan Frontier) is a pickup truck from Nissan. The line began around 1997. It replaced the Datsun Hardbody trucks. The Navara is named for the Navarre region in northern Spain. The truck is available in two and four doors. Andrew Puzder Andrew Franklin "Andy" Puzder (born July 11, 1950) is the chief executive of CKE Restaurants. He received his Juris Doctor in 1978 from Washington University School of Law in St. Louis where he served as senior editor on the Law Review. Puzder has served as president and CEO of CKE since September 2000. On December 8, 2016, Puzder was named as President-elect Donald Trump's nominee for United States Secretary of Labor. He withdrew as the nominee on February 15, 2017. Joseph Mascolo Joseph Mascolo (March 13, 1929 – December 8, 2016) was an American musician and former dramatic actor. Mascolo was born in West Hartford, Connecticut. He studied at the University of Miami and at the United States Military Academy. He began acting in 1957. During his long career, he has acted in many movies such as "Jaws 2", "Heat" and "The Trail of the Incredible Hulk". He was best known for playing super villian Stefano DiMera, a role he originated in 1982 on NBC's "Days of Our Lives" until his retirement in January 2016. Mascolo was married to Rose Maimone in 1953. She died in 1986. They had one son. Mascolo then married Patricia Schultz in 2005. He lived in Los Angeles. California. Mascolo was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2015 and suffered a crippling stroke the same year. Mascolo died on December 8, 2016 at his home in Los Angeles from complication of the disease, aged 87. He was survived by his wife Patricia, his sister Marie, his son Peter and a step-daughter Laura. Associação Chapecoense de Futebol Associação Chapecoense de Futebol is a football club which plays in Brazil. Virtual reality Virtual reality (mostly called VR) is the name for computer ipad that makes a person feel like they are somewhere else. It uses software to produce images, sounds, and other sensations to create a different place so that a user feels like he or she is really part of this other place. That other place can be a real place (to take a tour in another country, for instance) or imaginary (playing a game). A user uses a headset which consists of a screen to project the content, and speakers to produce sounds. The technology to do this needs special display screens or projectors and other devices. Often the picture will change when the user moves their head, they may be able to "walk" through this virtual space and to see things in that space from different directions, and maybe move things in that space. Haptic feedback might also be used to help make it seem more real - haptic feedback uses special gloves that make it feel like you touched something in real life. Virtual reality is different than augmented reality, which shows the real place that a person is in, but changes or adds to it. Pokémon Go is an example of augmented reality. Augmented reality headsets are also commercially available such as the Microsoft HoloLens. Martisberg Martisberg was a municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Martisberg and Betten merged into the new municipality of Bettmeralp. Mörel, Switzerland Mörel was a municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Mörel and Filet merged into the new municipality of Mörel-Filet. Bettmeralp Bettmeralp is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. Before the merger, Bettmeralp was the name of a village and ski resort in Betten. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Betten and Martisberg merged into the new municipality of Bettmeralp. Vincent Laforet Vincent Laforet (born 1975, Switzerland) is a French American director and photographer. Laforet shared the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography. The other photographers who won were: Stephen Crowley, Chang Lee, James Hill, and Ruth Fremson. The group worked for "The New York Times". They covered events outside of the United States after the September 11 attacks. Associação Atlética Ponte Preta Ponte Preta is a Brazilian soccer club. Clube Náutico Capibaribe Clube Náutico Capibaribe also known as Náutico, is a Brazilian sports club, including a professional football team, in Recife, Pernambuco. Náutico, as of 2021, is competing in the Série B. Raising Hope Raising Hope is an American sitcom. It aired from September 21, 2010, to April 4, 2014, on Fox. The show aired during prime time, a block of television viewing time in the peak evening hours. The show averaged over 6 million viewers per episode in the first season. The show was also broadcast internationally. It aired in Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and the United Kingdom. It was broadcast by I.Sat in Latin America. Citropsis articulata Citropsis articulata is a type of flowering plant in the citrus family. It is native to tropical West Africa. The plant and fruit are known by many names. Some of the names are: African cherry orange, West African cherry orange, Uganda cherry orange, Agbalumo, Udara, Otien, and Omuboro. Mannheim Steamroller The Mannheim Steamroller is a neoclassical new-age music group. It was founded by Chip Davis. The group is well-known for mixing classical music with new aged and rock music. They also do Christmas music. Their music is done using the "Fresh Aire" series of studio albums. They have sold over 28 million albums worldwide. The Mannheim Steamroller was founded in 1974. Christmas music Christmas music is songs that relate to Christmas and New Year's. The music is normally heard during the holiday season. Music was an early part of Christmas and its celebrations. During the Middle Ages, the English people combined circle dances with singing and called them carols. Christmas carols in English first appeared in a 1426 work from John Audelay. Traditional Christmas songs are "Silent Night", "Deck the Halls" and "God Rest You Merry Gentlemen". Modern Christmas songs include "Jingle Bell Rock", "The Christmas Song", "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas", "Sleigh Ride", "Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree" and "I'll Be Home for Christmas". Ta Moko “Ta Moko” means tattoo art in Maori. Often these tattoos covered the whole face and were a symbol of rank, social status, power and prestige for the Maori people. Ta Moko is a visual language which connects the person who has it to his “whakapapa”. Whakapapa is the family, it’s the genealogical tree, so there is nothing which links religion to Ta Moko. Ta Moko symbolises identification with their origins. It is considered to be beautiful but ferocious because they have to frighten their enemies. The Maori facial tattoo was used as a kind of “identification card”. These tattoos look like animals or geometric shapes. The most popular tattoo is “the tortoise”. The technique of making tattooes leaves scars. Traditional tools to make Ta Moko are albatross bone chisels and black ink. A Maori tattoo takes a lot of time to do; generally the Maori people start tattooing themselves in adolescence and they finish in adulthood. They take years to be finished. But a real Ta Moko is very painful. The tattoo artist removes your skin by making wide cuts with a mallet and either a Turtle scale or an Albatross bone. So it takes a long time and you suffer a lot. Boys start to be tattooed around adolescence but we don’t know when women can start to be tattooed. Men’s tattooes can be found everywhere on their bodies; whereas women can only have tattooes on their foreheads, necks, lips, chins and backs. The number of tattooes they have depends on their age, what the people have done in their lives and the place of the person in the tribe. For Maoris these tattooes are like a diary because they are a written record of all the important events and places a man has experienced in his life. Sekkizhar Sekkizhar is a Tamil poet and scholar. He lived during the period of Kulothunga Chola II. He was considered an excellent poet. Sekkizhar wrote "Periya Puranam". It was originally 4253 poems describing the lives of 63 Shaiva Nayanars. Life of Sekkizhar. Sekkizhar was born in the village of Kundrathur in Kancheepuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. He was a scholar in vedas as well as Tirumurai (later his work was also been added as a tirumurai). His real name is Ramadevan. He was an inmate in a Vaishnavite shrine near Kanchipuram. He started his works of "Periya Puranam" when he was in Chidambaram. Among all Puranas in Tamil, Sekkizhar's Periya Puranam stands first. Kulothunga Chola II began to restore Tamil Shaivism that was begun by his ancestors because he was a great devotee of Lord Nataraja (Shiva) at Chidambaram. The king called upon Sekkizhar to compose a poem on the life of Shaiva saints. In Tamil literature, Periya Puranam, the great poem works of Sekkizhar is considered the fifth veda. It had also took place as the twelfth tirumarai or Shiva canon. Turkish Airlines Flight 981 Turkish Airlines Flight 981 was a regular flight operated by Turkish Airlines, from Istanbul to London Heathrow, with a stopover in Paris. On 3 March, 1974, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 operating the flight suffered an explosive decompression and crashed into the Ermenonville Forest, shortly after it had left Paris. All 346 people on board were killed in the accident. An investigation after the crash found out that one of the cargo doors at the rear of the aircraft was not properly closed and secured. After takeoff, part of the door broke off and caused an explosion in the rear of the aircraft. The explosion also damaged cables needed to fly the aircraft. This meant that after the explosion, the aircraft was uncontrollable. Earlier issues. A McDonnell Douglas DC-10, flying as American Airlines Flight 96, had experienced an explosive decompression in the aft cargo hold in June 1972. American Airlines Captain McCormick had managed to land the plane safely. On the ground, it was discovered the rear cargo door had opened in flight. This caused damage to the fuselage, but not the explosive damage in the case of Turkish Flight 981. The two planes were also configured differently above the baggage compartment. There were three rows of extra seats added to TC-JAV, which added a greater overall load to the floor. When the cargo door blew out, the additional seats and passengers were ejected from the plane. Both flights experienced uncontrolled explosive decompression when the cargo door latches failed. An Airworthiness Directive was immediately issued by the Federal Aviation Administration (FFA), calling for strengthening the load floor and control cables. It also required improving the electrical wiring having to do with the cargo door, so that if the cargo door was not closed properly, the light in the cockpit indicating that the door was still open would stay lit. Crew. The pilot in command was Nejat (or Mejat) Berkoz, age 44, a former Turkish Air Force pilot and had a total of 7,783 flight hours, and has been with Turkish Airlines for six years. He also had flown the Fokker F27 and the McDonnell Douglas DC-9. The First Officer was Oral Ulusman, age 38, he had been with Turkish Airlines for five years at the time of the accident, with a total of 5,589 flight hours. The Flight Engineer was Huseyin Ozer, age 37, he ha had 2,113 flight hours at the time of the accident.. The cabin consisted of eight flight attendants. Accident. TK981 was scheduled to fly from Istanbul to London Heathrow, with a stop in Paris Orly airport. The first leg from IST to ORY went smoothly, with a flying time of four hours. While the ORY-LHR leg usually did not attract many passengers, an ongoing strike by British European Airlines employees meant that the economy cabin was full, with the aircraft originally 167 passengers and 11 crew members for the first leg, 50 disembarked, and 218 more pasengers boarded. The flight departed at 12:32 PM local time. Shortly after 1140 hrs, when the Turkish Airlines flight TK981 had reached 12,000 (roughly 3,700 m) feet during climb, the Air Traffic Control recorded a transmission in the Turkish language, partly covered by heavy background noise and accompanied by the pressurization warning and then the overspeed warning; and at the same time, the aircraft radar return split in two and the secondary radar label disappeared. The flight was over Coulommiers, France at the time. A rapid decompression caused the last two rows of seats to be sucked through a large hole in the plane. The loss of the rear left cargo door caused a huge pressurization difference with the cabin right above it. This section was ripped off the aircraft, along with the six passengers seated there. However, the loss of the door resulted in pilots losing access to critical parts of the plane, including the rudder, elevator, and engine two. The six passengers in the seats were killed when they fell into a field in St. Pathus. The plane remained in the air another 70 seconds while the pilots tried to regain control, unsuccessfully. The aircraft's original pitch angle was negative 20 degrees, resulting in the aircraft accumulating a massive amount of airspeed during its quick descent. In the final 15 seconds, the aircraft's descent rate began to decrease as the nose raised as a result of the aircraft's high speed. Captain Ulusman pushed the throttles forward to TO/GA in a last ditch effort to save the aircraft, calling out "Speed, speed!" The aircraft hit the tree tops at about 434 knots (500 mph; 800 km/h) at a negative 4 degree pitch angle; the wings broke up, spilling and igniting fuel, exploding and killing the remaining 340 passenger and crew on board on board. The plane almost completely disintegrated leaving only 40 bodies intact. Investigation. The investigation sparked blame on Turkish Airlines and Douglas itself since both were at fault for different parts of the crisis. The airline had failed to station an engineer on the ground and had reportedly rushed the training process for the DC-10. However, McDonnell-Douglas knew about the flaws with the door design and an NTSB directive after a similar incident had not been implemented. TK981 went on to become the deadliest single aircraft crash for over a decade, until the crash of Japan Airlines Flight 123 in 1985, which became the single deadliest aircraft disaster, holding a death toll of 520. The aftermath saw several design changes to the DC-10 to prevent such crashes and renewed scrutiny of the design process. The accident was the result of the ejection in flight of the aft cargo door on the left-hand side: the sudden depressurization which followed led to the disruption of the floor structure, causing six passengers and parts of the aircraft to be ejected, rendering No 2 engine inoperative and impairing the flight controls (tail surfaces) so that it was impossible for the crew to regain control of the aircraft. The underlying factor in the sequence of events leading to the accident was the incorrect engagement of the door latching mechanism before take-off. The characteristics of the design of the mechanism made it possible for the vent door to be apparently closed and the cargo door apparently locked when in fact the latches were not fully closed and the lock pins were not in place. It should be noted, however, that a view port was provided so that there could be a visual check of the engagement of the lock pins. This defective closing of the door resulted from a combination of various factors: Finally although there was apparent redundancy of the flight control systems, the fact that the pressure relief vents between the cargo compartment and the passenger cabin were inadequate and that all the flight control cables were routed beneath the floor placed the aircraft in grave danger in the case of any sudden depressurization causing substantial damage to that part of the structure. All these risks had already become evident, nineteen months earlier, at the time of the Windsor accident, but no efficacious corrective action had followed. Passengers and Crew. Of the 346 people on-board, 177 passengers and four crew members came from the United Kingdom, 48 came from Japan, 44 passengers and four crew members came from Turkey, 25 came from the United States, 16 passengers and three crew members came from France, 10 were from Italy, 9 from Thailand, 7 from Austria, 6 from China, 5 each from Hong Kong and Brazil, 4 from Canada, 3 each from Argentina, Portugal, Taiwan, and Yugoslavia, 2 each from Australia, Hungary, India, Mexico, the Philippines, South Korea, Singapore, and 1 each from Belgium, Cyprus, West Germany, Greece, Iran, Israel, Ireland, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Portugal, Senegal, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and South Vietnam. Cuttack Cuttack is the former capital of the state of Odisha in East India. It is the headquarters of the Cuttack district. Cuttack is nicknamed the "Millennium City" and the "Silver City". Cuttack has over 1000 years of history, and has a famous silver jewelry works. The High Court of Odisha is located in Cuttack. Cuttack is also called as the commercial capital of Odisha. This is due to the large number of trading and business houses in the city. Cuttack and Bhubaneswar are often called the Twin-Cities of Odisha. The metropolitan area formed by the two cities has a population of 1.68 million in 2014. Cuttack is a Tier-II city as per the ranking system used by Government of India. Deomali (mountain) Deomali is a mountain peak in the Chandragiri-Pottangi subrange of the Eastern Ghats. It is located near Koraput town in the Koraput district of southern Odisha, India.At 1672 m Deomali is the highest mountain peak in the state of Odisha. It is also one of the tallest peaks of the Eastern Ghats. The peak has a good surrounding scenery. Danish Football Association The Danish Football Union (; DBU) is the leading body of football in Denmark. It is the organization of the Danish football clubs and runs the professional Danish football leagues and the Denmark national football team for men and women. It is founding member of both FIFA and UEFA. It was established in 1889 and is on of the oldest associations in world football. Mörel-Filet Mörel-Filet is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009, the former municipalities of Filet and Mörel merged into the new municipality of Mörel-Filet. Niedergesteln Niedergesteln is a municipality in the district Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. Tryptophan Tryptophan (Trp or W) is encoded by the codon UGG. It is an α-amino acid used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan has an α-amino group (which is in the –NH3+ form under biological conditions), and an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO− form under biological conditions). It also has a side chain indole, which makes it a non-polar aromatic amino acid. Tryptophan is essential to humans: the body cannot synthesize it, so it must be got from the diet. Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitters serotonin and melatonin. Saint-Dizier Saint-Dizier is a commune of France, and a subprefecture of the Haute-Marne department in the Grand Est region. Geography. The city of Saint-Dizier is on the northern part of the Haute-Marne department in northeast France near the Meuse and the Marne departments. It has an area of . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is . The "commune" of Saint-Dizier is surrounded by the "communes" Trois-Fontaines-l'Abbaye, Chancenay, Bettancourt-la-Ferrée, Ancerville (Meuse department), Chamouilley, Eurville-Bienville, Troisfontaines-la-Ville, Humbécourt, Laneuville-au-Pont, Moëslains, Valcourt, Hallignicourt and Villiers-en-Lieu. Two rivers flow through the city: the "Ornel" and the Marne. The city is at about from "Lac du Der-Chantecoq", the largest man-made lake of Western Europe. Climate. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Saint-Dizier is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb". The average amount of precipitation for the year is and the average temperature for the year is . Population. The inhabitants of Saint-Dizier are known, in French, as "Bragards" (women: "Bragardes") or "Bragars" (women: "Bragares"). The city of Saint-Dizier has a population, in 2014, of 25,505; it is the "commune" of Haute-Marne with more people living in it, even more than Chaumont (22,560 inhabitants) that is the prefecture of the department. Its population density is of inhabitants/km2. Evolution of the population in Saint-Dizier Saint-Dizier forms, with other five "communes", the urban area of Saint-Dizier with a population of 32,086 inhabitants (2014) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Saint-Diziert, formed by 43 "communes", with a population of 53,790 inhabitants (2014) and an area of . Administration. Saint-Dizier is a subprefecture of the Haute-Marne department, the capital of the "arrondissement" of Saint-Dizier and the administrative centre () of three cantons: It is part of the intercommunality "Saint-Dizier, Der et Blaise" (). Adam Ries Adam Ries was a mathematician from Bad Staffelstein in Bavaria. Ries lived in the 16th century. He was born in 1492 or 1493, and died in 1559. Ries became known for a work on how to calculate. His first work was about a "calculating board", which was widely used at the time. It worked rather like an abacus. Ries showed that Roman numerals were impractical for calculation. Ries wrote in German, and not in Latin, as orher mathematicians of his time. Robot lawyer A robot lawyer is an artificial intelligence (AI) computer program. It is designed to ask the same questions as a real lawyer about certain legal issues. Robot lawyers are being used in many countries around the world including the United States, the United Kingdom, and Holland. Cheryl Cheryl is a female given name. It is very common in English-speaking countries. It is an English version of the French name Cherie. The name appeared in the early 20th century. It was most popular during the Cold War period. In North America, it was popular between the 1940s and 1980s. In the United Kingdom, it was popular from the 1950s to 1990s. Famous people with the name "Cheryl" include Cheryl Ladd and Cheryl Hines. Al-Masih ad-Dajjal Al-Masih ad-Dajjal ( "", "the false messiah", or "the deceiver") is an evil figure in Islamic eschatology. He is to appear, pretending to be "al-Masih" (i.e. the Messiah), before "Yawm al-Qiyamah" (the Day of Resurrection). According to Islamic belief, at the end of days he will gather together everyone he has deceived into a great army. His army will then confront the Messiah and his army. The Dajjal is not mentioned directly in the Qur'an. This may be because he is only human and is mentioned in the future. Australian impact structure The Australian impact structure is also called the "massive Australian Precambrian/Cambrian impact structure" or MAPCIS. It is thought to be the remains of a huge meteorite strike. Its centre is in the Northern Territory, about halfway between Uluru (Ayers Rock) and Mount Conner. The crater is about 600 km (370 mi) in diameter. There is a wider ring 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) in diameter which may be related to the impact. If it is confirmed, MAPCIS would be the largest impact structure on Earth. It is not confirmed at present. The age of this hypothetical impact is about 545 mya. This puts it just before the Cambrian period. Azerbaijan Red Crescent Society Azerbaijan Red Crescent Society () is a charitable organization in Azerbaijan. It is a member of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. It was established on March 10, 1920. Its headquarters are in Baku. Their mission is "to serve vulnerable people by mobilizing the capacity of Azerbaijan Red Crescent and the power of humanity." Shoemaker crater The Shoemaker crater in Western Australia (formerly known as Teague Ring) is an obvious impact crater, the remains of an ancient meteorite strike. Later research gave clear evidence for this, including the presence of shatter cones and shocked quartz. It is in dry central Western Australia, about north-northeast of Wiluna. It is named after planetary geologist Eugene Shoemaker. It was dated to 1630 million years ago. More recent dating by K–Ar methods give ages as young as 568 ± 20 mya. This age could date the impact event or represent tectonic activity. Immortals (2011 movie) Immortals is a 2011 American adventure-fantasy movie directed by Tarsem Singh. It is loosely based on the myths of Theseus, the Minotaur and the Titanomachy. The movie it stars Henry Cavill, Freida Pinto and Mickey Rourke. It was released on November 11, 2011. The reviews were mixed to negative. But it was a commercial success. Plot. Before the age of man or beast, the immortals wage war on each other in the heavens. The winners become the gods. The losers become the Titans who were imprisoned in Mount Tartarus. During the war, a powerful weapon called the Epirus Bow was lost. In 1228 B.C., the Heraklion king Hyperion (Mickey Rourke), lays waste to Greece searching for the bow. With it he can free the Titans and destroy the gods who failed to save his wife and children from dying of disease. Hyperion captures the virgin oracle Phaedra (Freida Pinto), in the hopes that her psychic visions will help him locate the bow. Meanwhile, the people of a village prepare to flee to Mount Tartarus to escape from Hyperion's soldiers. One of them is the warrior Theseus (Henry Cavill). He was mentored by a mysterious old man (John Hurt). Theseus and his mother Aethra (Anne Day-Jones) are considered as outcasts as he is the product of Aethra being raped. They are forced to stay behind by soldiers from Athens including Lysander (Joseph Morgan). Theseus beats off multiple opponents until the Athenian officer Helios (Peter Stebbings) has Lysander dismissed for his actions. Lysander travels to Hyperion offering him his service the location of the village. The king accepts but labels Lysander a traitor and, to punish him, has his testicles hammered, so he is unable to produce children. Hyperion's soldiers attack the village and, after murdering Aethra and the villagers, take Theseus captive. It is revealed that the old man in Zeus (Luke Evans). He warns his fellows gods Athena (Isabel Lucas), Poseidon (Kellan Lutz), Ares (Daniel Sharman), Heracles (Steve Byers) and Apollo (Corey Sevier) not to interfere with mortal affairs unless the Titans are freed and they must have faith in the humans to defeat Hyperion. Theseus is enslaved alongside the thief Stavros (Stephen Dorff). Phaedra, who is being held prisoner nearby, sees a vision of Theseus and organizes a riot, and Theseus uses the chaos to escape with Stavros and the other slaves. Theseus attempts to pursue Hyperion by hijacking a boat, but he and his allies are attacked by Hyperion's soldiers. Poseidon deliberately disobeys Zeus by diving into the sea from Olympus and causing a tidal wave which drowns Hyperion's men. When Phaedra sees a vision of Theseus standing near a shrouded corpse, she determines he must return to bury his mother. Despite Theseus's scepticism, his mother believed in the gods and therefore must receive a proper burial. While laying Aethra to rest in the village labyrinth, Theseus discovers the bow embedded in rock. He frees it, but Hyperion's henchman Minotaur attacks him; though he succeeds in killing the monster, Theseus collapses from poisoned wounds. Phaedra heals Theseus, and later falls in love with him. The two have sex, stripping her of the prophecies she deemed a curse. As Hyperion's forces gather at Mount Tartarus, the party travel to Phaedra's temple, and Theseus loses the bow in an ambush. Outnumbered by Hyperion's men, Ares, going against Zeus's orders, directly intervenes by fighting the soldiers, and Athena provides Theseus and Stavros with horses to reach Tartarus. Zeus arrives and angrily kills Ares for his defiance, letting his death be a warning to the gods, and that the mortals will no longer receive divine support, and must justify the faith he has in Theseus, before leaving with Athena. The stolen bow is brought to Hyperion. Theseus, Stavros and Phaedra travel to Mount Tartarus, where he tries to no avail to warn the Greek king Cassander of Hyperion's plans. Cassander dismisses his talk of the gods as myth, intending to negotiate a peace treaty with Hyperion. The next day, Hyperion uses the bow to fell the walls of Tartarus, which are seemingly impregnable. Theseus leads the Greek forces against Hyperion, and kills Lysander. Hyperion ignores the battle, storms through to Mount Tartarus, killing Helios and Cassander and using the bow to release the Titans, with the force of the release knocking the mortals down. Unable to escape the vault, Stavros kills a Titan to buy Theseus time to escape, before sacrificing himself. Zeus leads the gods in a battle against the Titans while Theseus fights Hyperion, and while they are more than a match, the gods are overwhelmed by sheer numbers, with all but Zeus and Poseidon dying. While Zeus collapses the mountain onto the Titans, Theseus kills Hyperion. As the mountain collapses, Zeus ascends to the heavens with Athena's body and a wounded Poseidon. The collapsing mountain decimates Hyperion's forces, and the dying Theseus is rewarded with a place among the immortals. Years later, Theseus's story has become legend, and Phaedra is raising his son Acamas, who has inherited her gift of prophecy. The boy is visited by Zeus as an old man, who informs him he will become a warrior like his father and mustn't fear his visions. Acamas has a vision of Theseus leading an army of gods in a battle in the sky with the Titans. Capital asset pricing model The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is a tool for figuring out risk of stock profit or losses (called returns). It makes an assumption, which is that investors care only about two things: the average returns of stocks over, for example, ten years, and the volatility of annual returns around that average during the same period. The main result of the model is that the return of a stock can be broken down in the sum of two things: a risk-free rate and a risk premium. This risk premium can be seen as the product of two things: a measure of the risk of the stock (called the "beta") and the average reward for risk in the market (the "equity risk premium", which is the return of the market over and above the risk-free rate). Wisconsin in the American Civil War Wisconsin in the American Civil War, being a northern state, fought for the Union. When the Civil War started, Wisconsin raised 91,379 soldiers for the Union Army. They were organized into 53 infantry regiments, 4 cavalry regiments, a company of Berdan's sharpshooters, 13 light artillery batteries and 1 unit of heavy artillery. Most of the Wisconsin troops served in the Western Theater. However, several regiments served in Eastern armies, including three regiments within the famed Iron Brigade. A total of 3,794 were killed in action or mortally wounded. Another 8,022 died of disease. About 400 were killed in accidents. The total casualties were 12,216 men. This was about 13.4 percent of total Wisconsin enlistments. Soldiers. Approximately 1 in 9 residents (regardless of age, sex or qualification for service) served in the army. In turn, half the eligible voters served. Wisconsin was the only state to organize replacements for troops that had already been sent to war. This led northern generals to prefer having Wisconsin regiments in their command if possible. A number of Wisconsin regiments were distinguished, including three that served in the celebrated "Iron Brigade"&mdash. These were the 2nd Wisconsin, 6th Wisconsin, and 7th Wisconsin. All were noted for their hard fighting and dashing appearance. They were among the only troops in the Army of the Potomac to wear Hardee hats and long frock coats. They suffered severely at the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863. The 8th Wisconsin, another hard-fighting regiment, was often accompanied into battle by its mascot, Old Abe, a bald eagle. In a January 1863 letter to his sister, Union soldier Chauncey Herbert Cooke, a private from Company G of the 25th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment, gave his reasons for fighting for the Union in the war, stating that "I have no heart in this war if the slaves cannot go free." Women during the war. While men were fighting, many women needed to learn how to farm and do other manual labor. Besides having to tend to the home and children while the men were away at war, women also contributed supplies. Quilts and blankets were often given to soldiers. Other items women often sent included: shirts, sheets, pillows, pillowcases, coats, vests, trousers, towels, handkerchiefs, socks, bandages, canned fruits, dried fruits, butter, cheese, wine, eggs, pickles, books, and magazines. At one point, after the Battle of Resaca in Georgia, women sent every wounded man within a certain distance a fresh orange or lemon. These fruits were to quench the strong thirst that was known to accompany a wound. John Howard Northrop John Howard Northrop (July 5, 1891 – May 27, 1987) was an American biochemist. He shared the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with James Batcheller Sumner and Wendell Meredith Stanley. Northrop was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1949. He was employed by the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York City from 1916 until his retirement in 1961. In 1949 he was appointed Professor of Bacteriology and later, Professor of Biophysics at the University of California, Berkeley. California in the American Civil War California in the American Civil War was involved in sending gold east, recruiting volunteer soldiers to replace regular army forces in the Western United States and in maintaining and building numerous camps and fortifications. The State of California did not send its units east, but many citizens traveled east and joined the Union Army. California's Volunteers also conducted many operations against the Native American peoples within the state and in the other Western territories of the Departments of the Pacific and New Mexico. Following the Gold Rush, California was settled primarily by Midwestern and Southern farmers, miners and businessmen. Democrats dominated the state from its foundation. Southern Democrats were sympathetic to the Confederate States of America who seceded, but they were a minority group in the state. California businessmen played a significant role in Californian politics through their control of mines, shipping, finance, and the Republican Party. But they were a minority party until the secession crisis. From statehood to the Civil War. When California was admitted as a state under the Compromise of 1850, Californians had already decided it was to be a free state. The constitutional convention of 1849 unanimously abolished slavery. As a result, Southerners in Congress voted against admission in 1850 while Northerners pushed it through, pointing to its population of 93,000 and its vast wealth in gold. Northern California, which was dominated by mining, shipping, and commercial elites of San Francisco, favored becoming a state. In the United States presidential election, 1856, California gave its electoral votes to the winner, James Buchanan. Southern California's attempts at secession. Following California's admission to the Union, Californios and pro-slavery Southerners in lightly populated, rural Southern California attempted three times in the 1850s to achieve a separate statehood or territorial status. The last attempt, the "Pico Act" of 1859, was passed by the California State Legislature. It was signed by the State governor John B. Weller and approved overwhelmingly by voters in the proposed "Territory of Colorado". The proposal was sent to Washington, D.C. with a strong advocate in Senator Milton Latham. However the secession crisis following the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 led to the proposal never coming to a vote. In 1860 Lincoln won 38,733 popular votes, only 32% of the total. But it was enough to win all four of California's electoral votes. California volunteers called up. On July 24, 1861, the Secretary of War called on the Governor of California for enlisted volunteer to guard the overland mail route from Carson City to Salt Lake City. They were also to guard Fort Laramie. The initial call was for five companies of cavalry plus one regiment of Infantry. On August 14, four more regiments of infantry and one regiment of cavalry were requested. They were to report to General Edwin Vose Sumner. These volunteers replaced the regular troops transferred to the east before the end of 1861. California would have to protect itself using its own manpower during the Civil War. The fight for California. Both the Union and the Confederacy wanted California's gold. Ulysses S. Grant once said "I do not know what we would do in this great national emergency if it were not for the gold sent from California." The Confederates also needed ports that were not being blockaded by the Union Navy. If they could get control of Southern California it would give them the ports it badly needed. Southern California had a number of Southerners who moved to California during the Gold Rush. While they were a minority, they wanted Southern California to secede from the Union and join the Confederate states. At the time, Northern California was very pro-Union. A number of pro-Confederate groups were organized in Southern California. These included the Los Angeles Mounted Rifles and chapters of the Knights of the Golden Circle, a secret pro-slavery organization. The pro-Union state militias and Union forces used a number of forts and camps in California. One of the best known is Alcatraz Island. Before it was a federal prison, it was a prisoner of war camp for Confederate prisoners. The last army fort still standing is the Drum Barracks. It was the headquarters of the Union Army in Southern California and the Arizona Territory. Quassel Quassel IRC, or Quassel, is an IRC client, introduced in 2008. It is released under the GNU General Public License for GNU and Unix-like operating systems, OS X, and Microsoft Windows. Since the release of Kubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope) Quassel is Kubuntu's default IRC client. Quassel uses the Qt application framework. Palisade cell Palisade cells are special cells in the leaves of plants. They are the main place where photosynthesis takes place. They absorb light so photosynthesis can take place. They have the largest number of chloroplasts per cell of any plant tissue. They convert the light to chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates. The cells are just below the epidermis and cuticle. Extermination through labor Extermination through labour is a way of torturing and killing prisoners. In a system of extermination by labour, prisoners are forced to do very heavy work without enough food or medical care. Eventually, prisoners die from malnutrition, illness, or injury. Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union both had systems of extermination through labor. Some people describe North Korea's prison system as a system of extermination through labor. Use as a term. The term "extermination through labor" was first used during World War II. Most of the Nazi SS did not use the term ("Vernichtung durch Arbeit" in German). However, Albert Bormann, Joseph Goebels, Otto Georg Thierack, and Heinrich Himmler used the term during the fall of 1942, while talking about moving prisoners to concentration camps. Thierack and Goebbels specifically used the term. The phrase was used again during the Nuremberg Trials after World War II ended. In the 1980s and 1990s, historians have argued over whether this term is appropriate. For example, Falk Pingel believed the phrase should not be applied to all Nazi prisoners. On the other hand, Hermann Kaienburg and Miroslav Kárný believed "extermination through labour" was one of the SS's specific goals. More recently, Jens-Christian Wagner has also argued that not all Nazi prisoners were targeted with death, so "extermination through labor" might not be the best way to describe the Nazis' goals for those prisoners. In Nazi Germany. Victims. During the Holocaust, the Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, persecuted, tortured, and killed millions of people because of differences in race, ethnicity, politics, religion, sexual orientation, and disability. The Nazis also persecuted people who were "German-blooded," but who the Nazis thought of as "social misfits" ("aisoziale"). The Nazis said these people led useless "ballast-lives" ("Ballastexiltenzen"). These people included: The Nazis lists of these people and persecuted them in many ways. For example, some were forced to be sterilized. Many were eventually sent to prison camps for "extermination through labor." Along with them, anyone who spoke out against the Nazi regime (like communists, social democrats, democrats, and conscientious objectors) were sent to prison camps. Many of them did not survive. Extermination through labor was an important part of the Nazis' Final Solution - their plan to kill all the Jews in Europe. Concentration camps. Conditions. In the Nazi prison camps, prisoners were treated like slaves: Abuse and Torture. Workers were also tortured and physically abused. For example, victims of "Torstehen" ("Gate Hanging") had to stand outside naked with their arms raised – like a gate hanging on its hinges. When they collapsed or passed out, they would be beaten until they re-assumed the position. Victims of "Pfahlhängen" ("Post Attachment") were tied with their hands behind their back and were hung by their hands on a tall stake. This would dislocate the prisoner's arm joints, and the pressure would be kill them within hours. During the Holocaust, the Nazis built concentration camps and then extermination camps to imprison their victims. These "camps" were not just prisons. Their goal was not just to keep people locked up. Their goal was to torture and destroy people. All parts of camp life came along with humiliation and harassment. Forced labour was a part of this. Prisoners were whipped and treated like animals. Some forced labor was meant to help the German war machine grow. However, other prisoners were forced to do pointless heavy labor just to wear them down. There were "no limits to working hours," according to official Nazi policy. Death rates. A slave worker on a work assignment usually lived less than four months, on average. Up to 25,000 of the 35,000 prisoners forced to work for IG Farben at Auschwitz concentration camp died. Some died from exhaustion or disease. Others were killed after the Nazis decided they were not healthy enough to work any more. Some work assignments were deadlier than others. Some prisoners were assigned to dig tunnels for German weapons factories during the last months of the war. About 30% of them died. In the satellite camps, which were near mines and industrial firms, death rates were even higher. In these satellite camps, the supplies were often even less adequate than in the main camps. The phrase "Arbeit macht frei" ("work shall set you free") appeared on the entry gates at Auschwitz and other Nazi labor camps. In the Soviet Union. Some historians call the Soviet Gulag a system of death camps,<ref name="Joel Kotek / Pierre Rigoulot "Gefangenschaft, Zwangsarbeit, Vernichtung""> Joel Kotek / Pierre Rigoulot "Gefangenschaft, Zwangsarbeit, Vernichtung", Propyläen 2001</ref> particularly in post-Communist Eastern European politics. Other historians argue that this trivializes the Holocaust (makes the Holocaust seems like it was not so bad) because, at least after the war ended, a very large majority of people who entered the Gulag left alive. Alexander Solzhenitsyn introduced the expression "camps of extermination by labour" in his non-fiction work "The Gulag Archipelago". In the book, Solzhenitsyn argues that the Soviet Union beat its enemies by making them work as prisoners on big state-run projects (like the White Sea-Baltic Canal, quarries, remote railroads, and urban development projects) under terrible conditions. Roy Medvedev comments: "The penal system in the Kolyma and in the camps in the north was deliberately designed for the extermination of people." Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev writes that Stalin was the "architect of the gulag system for totally destroying human life." According to formerly secret internal Gulag documents, some 1.6 million people must have died in the period between 1935 and 1956 in Soviet forced labour camps and colonies. This does not include people who died in prisoner-of-war camps. Most (about 900,000) of these deaths fell between 1941 and 1945. At that time, World War II was ongoing, and food supplies were low in the entire country. Russian historian Oleg Khlevniuk writes that about 500,000 people died in the camps and colonies from 1930 to 1941. However, these figures do not include people who died in transport (on their way to the camps). It also does not include the number of people who died shortly after their release due to the harsh treatment in the camps (there were many of these people, according to both archives and memoirs). Historian J. Otto Pohl estimates that 2,749,163 prisoners died in the labour camps, colonies, and special settlements. He says this figure is incomplete. In 2010, Stanford historian Norman Naimark wrote a book called "Stalin's Genocides". Naimark said scholars should change the word "genocide" so that it also meant killing people because they were in a social class or had political beliefs so that Stalin's killings would count as genocide. In North Korea. It is believed that similar camps are operating in North Korea, and killed at least 20,000 political prisoners in 2013 alone, with at least 130,000 held therein. GN-z11 GN-z11 is a galaxy. It was the oldest known galaxy and farthest-known galaxy from Earth until 2022. It is located 32 billion light years (302.74 sextillion km) away from us. Konversation Konversation is an Internet Relay Chat (IRC) client. It is built on the KDE Platform. It is free software released under the terms of the GNU General Public License. It is the default IRC client in many Linux distributions, such as openSUSE, the KDE spin of Fedora, and Kubuntu. Lagerordnung The Lagerordnung (the "Disciplinary and Penal Code") was a set of rules for punishing prisoners at Dachau concentration camp in Nazi Germany. On January 1, 1934, the Lagerordnung became the official rules of every concentration camp in Nazi Germany. Also known as the "Strafkatalog" (Punishment Catalogue), it set out the rules the prisoners had to follow. SS guards were told to report to the camp commandant when a prisoner broke a rule. The Concentration Camps Inspectorate was in charge of carrying out punishment. They did this without making sure the prisoner had actually broken the rule. Once they were accused, prisoners had no way of proving themselves innocent. Evolution of a new penal system. At first, the Nazis had built temporary concentration camps, like Kemna concentration camp. These earlier camps did not have common, agreed-upon rules. Instead, they took the "Lagerordnung" from rules that were often used in police departments and prisons at the time. There was not much difference between the rules at the early concentration camps. Some did not allow smoking; others allowed prisoners to receive food parcels or visits from family members. The rules were still based on existing laws, and the camps were patterned after ordinary prisons. The early camps had penalties like having privileges taken away, or for more severe cases, solitary confinement, a hard bed, not being given food, or being left in solitary confinement in a darkened cell. However, there was no corporal punishment. The early camps were primarily controlled by the SA or the Gestapo. However, Dachau was under the control of the SS. Sometime in May 1933, SS camp commandant Hilmar Wäckerle wrote the first "Lagerordnung" for a concentration camp. It gave all legal powers to the camp commandant. The Dachau Lagerordnung allowed prisoners to be executed based on a decision from two SS men who had been chosen by the commandant. The accused prisoner would no longer have a defense. The executive, judicial, and legislative parts of government were all placed together under the camp commandant's power. There would be no system of checks and balances. The threat of the death penalty was always there, which created a constant state of emergency for Dachau's inmates. The first legalized murders took place at Dachau. (There would never be as many political murders in any of the other, earlier concentration camps than there were in Dachau's first few months.) Sophie Handschuh, the mother of one of the murdered prisoners, filed a formal complaint to find out what had really happened to her son. The resulting prosecution forced Himmler to replace Wäckerle. Himmler chose Theodor Eicke, a fanatical "SS-Oberführer" who had, in March 1933, been committed for evaluation at a psychiatric clinic at the University of Würzburg due to extremely violent behavior. Himmler arranged for Eicke to be released, asking his doctor, Werner Heyde, to talk to Eicke and get him to promise to control himself. Expanded to all camps. Six months later, on October 1, 1933, Commandant Eicke wrote a second edition of the "Lagerordnung", adding the Postenpflicht and introducing corporal punishment (flogging). The "Lagerordnung" established a "state within a state." The second edition established an orderly system in which "legally" arrested political opponents could be tortured and executed. From this point on, all SS concentration camps were to follow the Dachau model and become a "state within a state": shielded centers of terror with their own laws and judges, without legal defense, and with their own executable violence. After January 1, 1934, all subsequent versions of the "Lagerordnung" were effective for all SS-run concentration camps. The Disciplinary and Penal Code. [Translator's note: The sometimes odd phrasing, inconsistencies of capitalization, and style itself are from the source, not the translator.] Dachau Concentration Camp<br> Office of the Commandant, October 1, 1933 Disciplinary and Penal Code for the Detention Camp Introduction The following penalties are issued within the scope of existing camp regulations, to maintain order and discipline on the grounds of Dachau concentration camp, These regulations apply to all prisoners of the DCC from the time of admission on, till the hour of discharge. "These rules are added on to the list of rules Dachau already has. Its goal is to keep order and discipline at Dachau. They apply to all prisoners, all the time."<br> The consummate authority of punishment is in the hands of the camp commandant, who is personally responsible to the political police commander for the implementation of the rules as issued. "[The camp commandant has complete and total authority to punish prisoners. He is in charge of implementing these rules.]"<br> Tolerance means weakness. Realizing this, there will be a ruthless grip there, where, in the interests of the fatherland, it appears necessary. The decent, incited [sic] "Volksgenosse" will not come into contact with these penalties. But to the politicizing rabble-rouser and intellectual agitator — regardless of which direction — let it be said, beware, that you're not nabbed, otherwise you'll be grabbed by the neck and after your own recipe, [sic] made to hold your peace. "["Tolerance means peace." People who speak out against Germany will be punished badly. People who mind their own business and do not question Germany will not be punished this way. But people who try to cause trouble by getting people upset about politics will be forced to be quiet.]" §1 §5 To be punished with 8 days of hard time and with several weeks of punitive labor: 1. Whoever shirks his work or feigns physical deficiency or disease with the aim of being idle. 2. Whoever leaves a work place or workshop without command, prematurely backs in, fails [at quitting time] to check out with the supervising SS man, checks out at quitting time with a fellow prisoner. §6 To be punished with 8 days of hard time and be flogged 25 times with a stick at the beginning and end of the punishment: 1. whoever makes derogatory or sarcastic remarks to an SS member, deliberately neglects the mandatory salute, or by his manner otherwise indicates that he will not submit to the compulsory discipline and order, 2. whoever as prisoner-sergeant, as prisoner-corporal or as foreman exceeds the powers as "Ordnungsmann", assumes the rights of a superior with respect to other prisoners, maneuvers preferred work or any other advantage for politically like-minded prisoners, bullies politically otherwise-minded fellow prisoners, makes false reports about them or in some way discriminates. §7 Will be punished with 14 days of severe time 1. Whoever exchanges his assigned housing with another, unauthorized without the order of the commander of the company, or incites or misleads fellow prisoners, 2. whoever attaches forbidden or camp-made items in outgoing laundry packages, hides or sews in clothing items etc., 3. whoever enters or leaves barracks, housing, or other buildings outside the stipulated entry ways, crawls through windows or existing openings, 4. whoever smokes in the barracks, toilets and in flammable atmospheres, or stores or sets flammable items down in such areas. If a fire occurs as a result of disregarding this ban, then sabotage will be assumed. §8 "'Will be punish with 14 days of severe time and be flogged 25 times with a stick at the beginning and end of the punishment: 1. Whoever leaves or enters the prison camp without escort, whoever follows a work column marching out of the camp, unauthorized, 2. whoever in letters or other communication makes derogatory remarks about National Socialist leaders, the state and government, authorities and establishments, exalts Marxist or liberal leaders or "November parties", communicates goings-on in the concentration camp, 3. whoever keeps prohibited items, tools, batons and knives in his room or in straw sacks §9 Will be punished with 21 days of severe time Whoever carts off government-owned items, of whatever sort, from said location to another, deliberately damages, destroys, squanders, alters or uses for any other than purpose than prescribed; apart from the penalty, according to circumstances, is liable to some or all of the prisoners for any losses incurred. §10 Will be punished with 42 days of severe time or lengthy detention in solitary confinement: 1. Whoever accumulates sums of money in the camp, finances prohibited efforts in or outside of the camp, or brings fellow prisoners to heel or binds them to secrecy through money, 2. whoever has sent to himself sums of money which come from prohibited Rote Hilfe collections, or distributes to fellow prisoners, 3. clergy who make announcements that lie outside the framework of pastoral care, slip letters or messages to be passed on, [whoever] seeks the clergy to achieve forbidden objectives, 4. the symbols of the National Socialist state or the pillars of same, makes contemptible, curses, or in other ways disregards, §11 Whoever in the camp, at work, in the barracks, in kitchens and workshops, lavatories and rest areas, for the purpose of agitating, politicizes, gives provocative speeches, meets with others for this purpose, forms cliques, or gads about, gathers true or untrue news to further the goals of the opposition's atrocity-propaganda [sic] about the concentration camp or its institutions, receives, buries, passes along to foreign visitors or others, smuggles outside the camp using a secret message or other means, in writing or verbally gives released or transferred [prisoners], hides in articles of clothing or other items, using rocks, etc. throws over the camp wall, or draws up ciphers; moreover, whoever for the purpose of inciting, climbs up on barracks roofs or trees, gives or seeks connection outside [the camp] through light signals or other means, or whoever induces others to escape or commit a crime, and to this end, gives advice or supports through other means, by dint of revolutionary justice, will be hanged as an agitator! §12 Whoever assaults a guard or SS man, refuses to obey him or refuses to work at a work site, calls on or leads others for the purpose of mutiny or the same assault, as mutineer leaves a marching column or workshop, calls on others during a march or at work to hoot, shout, agitate or gives speeches, will be shot on the spot as a mutineer or hanged afterwards. §13 Whoever deliberately causes in the camp, in the barracks, workshops, work sites, in kitchens, warehouses etc. a fire, an explosion, water or some other damage to property, moreover whoever carries out actions on the wire hindrance, on a power line in a switching station, on telephone or water lines, on the camp wall or other security installation, on heating or boiler plants, on machines or vehicles, which do not meet the order given, will be punished with death for sabotage. If the action happened because of negligence, then the guilty party will be held in solitary confinement. In cases of doubt, sabotage will nevertheless be assumed. §14 Whoever offers gifts to an SS man or guard, seeks to win him over with gifts, money or other means, carries out actions for the purpose of subverting the SS troops, enters into a political discussion in the presence of a guard or SS man, about Marxism or other November Party or glorifies their leaders, makes derogatory remarks about the SS, SA, the National Socialist state, its leader and its institutions, or appears otherwise insubordinate, moreover whoever at the camp produces or passes along to others forbidden items for the purpose of smuggling secret messages or for purposes of attack, will be held for community perilousness in perpetual solitary confinement. Release for such persons is out of the question. §15 Whoever repeatedly avoids work, despite previous warning stays away from roll calls for work assignments or head counts, constantly reports to the doctor or dentist without reason, feigns physical suffering or disability doesn't march [out to work], constantly acts lazy and sluggish, was unclean, writes obnoxious letters, steals from fellow prisoners, hits, bullies [others] for their attitude, derides or ridicules, will be punished for incorrigibility with continuous punitive labor, detention, with punitive exercise or be flogged. §16 Whoever after the onset of curfew moves outside his quarters, forms a crowd with others, on the order of an SS man does not disperse at once, after the onset of the alarm does not immediately seek out his own quarters or during an extended alarm leave the station or the windows open [sic], will be shot at by the nearest SS man or guard. §17 Whoever keeps forbidden items (tools, knife, files, etc.) or wears civilian clothing unauthorized, can be held in solitary confinement for suspicion of escape. §18 Whoever as "stubenältester", as foreman or as prisoner suspects or becomes aware of the intent to commit sedition, mutiny, sabotage or some other punishable act, if he does not immediately report his knowledge, will be punished as a perpetrator. The informer will not be held responsible for filing a false report, if, through special circumstances, he was misled. §19 Hard time will be carried out in a cell with a hard bed and bread and water. Every 4th day, the inmate will receive a warm meal. Punitive labor involves hard physical or particularly dirty work, which will be carried out under special supervision. Supplementary punishments that may be considered: punishment exercise, corporal punishment, withholding of mail, withholding of food, hard bed, strappado, reprimand and warnings. All punishments will be kept on file. Hard time and punitive labor lengthen the protective custody a minimum of 8 weeks; addition of a supplementary punishment lengthens the protective custody a minimum of 4 weeks. Prisoners kept in solitary confinement will not be released in the foreseeable future. The "Kommandant" of the Concentration Camp (signed) SS-"Oberführer" Eicke Guanacaste Guanacaste ("Enterolobium cyclocarpum") also known as elephant-ear tree or devil's ear is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is native to tropical regions of the Americas. It is the national tree of Costa Rica. Common names in some other languages are: "Enterolobium cyclocarpum", the scientific name of the guanacaste tree was given by August Grisebach to this plant in 1864. Description. The guanacaste is a large tree, growing to tall, with a trunk up to in diameter. The bark is light gray. The crown (the upper part of tree) is broad and widely spreading. Leaves are long, alternate and compound. The guanacaste is evergreen, or briefly deciduous for 1–2 months during the dry season (without rains). Most leaves fall in December, at the start of the dry season. In late February, leaves start to appear and produce a fresh, thick crown by April. Flowers are hermaphrodite; the pollination is by insects like bees. The fruit is a legume (also known as a pod) with the shape of a human ear. Where it grows. The guanacaste tree is native to tropical America. It grows from southern Mexico through Central America to northern South America. It is found also in the West Indies. It has been introduced in other tropical regions. It grows normally at an elevation from sea level to , usually along the coast and rivers. Uses. The wood is reddish-brown, lightweight and water-resistant; it is used to make objects like doors, windows, furniture, cabinets, and for shipbuilding. It is used also as firewood. Rex Tillerson Rex Wayne Tillerson (born March 23, 1952) is an American businessman and the 69th United States Secretary of State. He served from February 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018. He was the chairman and CEO of Exxon Mobil Corporation, the fifth largest company by market capitalization until his resignation in 2017. In December 2016, President-elect of the United States Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Tillerson to be the Secretary of State. The United States Senate approved of his nomination on February 1, 2017 and shortly assumed the office. On March 13, 2018, Trump fired Tillerson and said he would nominate Mike Pompeo to succeed him as Secretary of State. Tillerson's term officially ended on March 31, 2018. Early life. Tillerson was born on March 23, 1952, in Wichita Falls, Texas. Tillerson received a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 1975. Business career. Tillerson joined Exxon in 1975, and by 1989 had become general manager of the Exxon USA central production division. In 1995 he became president of Exxon Yemen Inc. and Esso Exploration and Production Khorat Inc. In 2006, Tillerson was elected chairman and chief executive officer of Exxon, the world's 6th largest company by revenue. Tillerson retired from Exxon effective December 31, 2016, and was succeeded by Darren Woods. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He resigned his position from Exxon to pursue his nomination of United States Secretary of State. United States Secretary of State. On the evening of December 10, the BBC cited NBC reports that "sources close to Mr Trump [were] ... saying that Mr Tillerson is likely to be named next week" and that former UN ambassador John Bolton "will serve as his deputy". On December 12, "The New York Times" reported that he had been chosen. On December 13, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump announced that Tillerson would be his nominee for Secretary of State. On January 11, 2017, Tillerson's congressional confirmation hearing was held. Tillerson was approved by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on January 23, 2017, to be Secretary of State when it voted 11-10 to send his nomination to the full Senate. The Senate confirmed Tillerson as Secretary of State on February 1 2017. The Senate voted 56 to 43, with all Republicans in support and 42 Democrats voting against him. On March 13, 2018, Trump fired Tillerson as Secretary and nominated Director of the CIA Mike Pompeo of the position. His term ended on March 31, 2018. Personal life. Tillerson is married to Renda St. Clair. They have four children. He resides in Irving, Texas. John F. Kelly John Francis Kelly (born May 11, 1950) is a retired United States Marine Corps General. He was the 28th White House Chief of Staff from July 31, 2017 to January 2, 2019. Kelly was the 5th United States Secretary of Homeland Security, serving from January through July 2017. He is the former Commander of United States Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM). Kelly last served as the commanding general of the Multi-National Force—West in Iraq from February 2008 to February 2009, and as the commander of Marine Forces Reserve and Marine Forces North in October 2009. Early life. Kelly was born on May 11, 1950 in Boston, Massachusetts, into an Irish Catholic family. He served for one year as a United States Merchant Marine. Kelly initially enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps in 1970, and was discharged from active duty as a sergeant in 1972. Kelly received a Master of Science degree in National Security Studies from the Georgetown School of Foreign Service in 1984. He also studied at the University of Massachusetts, Boston. United States Secretary of Homeland Security (2017). On December 7, 2016, it was reported that then-President-elect Donald Trump nominated Kelly to be the fifth United States Secretary of Homeland Security. On January 20, 2017, Kelly was confirmed as Secretary of Homeland Security by the United States Senate with a vote of 88-11. On that evening he was sworn in by Vice-President Pence. White House Chief of Staff (2017–2019). On July 28 2017, he was appointed to replace Reince Priebus as White House Chief of Staff. Early into his tenure, media outlets such as "The New York Times", "The Washington Post" and FiveThirtyEight speculated that Kelly would bring moderation and discipline to the White House. In August 2017, early into Kelly's tenure, the "Washington Post" wrote that Kelly had "left no discernible imprint on the White House's philosophy" and that it was unclear if he would bring calm and rigor to the White House. On December 8, 2018, Trump announced that Kelly would be leaving the position by the end of the year. He left the office on January 2, 2019. Personal life. Kelly is married to Karen Hernest. They have three children. In 2010, Kelly’s 29-year-old son, First Lieutenant Robert Kelly, was killed in action when he stepped on a landmine while leading a platoon of Marines on a patrol in Sangin, Afghanistan. Robert Kelly's death made John Kelly the highest-ranking military officer to lose a son or daughter in Iraq or Afghanistan. South Central Timor Regency South Central Timor Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of East Nusa Tenggara. Sikka Regency Sikka Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of East Nusa Tenggara. Sabu Raijua Regency Sabu Raijua Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of East Nusa Tenggara. Rote Ndao Regency Rote Ndao Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of East Nusa Tenggara. North Central Timor Regency North Central Timor Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of East Nusa Tenggara. Ngada Regency Ngada Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of East Nusa Tenggara. Nagekeo Regency Nagakeo Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of East Nusa Tenggara. Manggarai Regency Manggarai Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of East Nusa Tenggara. Malaka Regency Malaka Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of East Nusa Tenggara. Lembata Regency Lembata Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of East Nusa Tenggara. Kupang Regency Kupang Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of East Nusa Tenggara. Ende Regency Ende Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of East Nusa Tenggara. East Sumba Regency East Sumba Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of East Nusa Tenggara. East Manggarai Regency East Manggarai Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of East Nusa Tenggara. East Flores Regency East Flores Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of East Nusa Tenggara. 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This strait is important as a link bewteen Australia and New Zealand and Southeast Asia. Also, Banten is the link between Java and Sumatra. Deep Carbon Observatory The Deep Carbon Observatory (DCO) is a research program to investigate carbon's deep in the Earth. It is a community of scientists (biologists, physicists, geoscientists and chemists) who develop this new field of deep carbon science. In December 2018, researchers announced that amounts of life forms are deep underground. They think 70% of bacteria and archaea on Earth (23 billion tonnes of carbon) live at least deep underground, including below the seabed. There is a ten-year Deep Carbon Observatory project. Bad Cat Bad Cat is a 2016 Turkish computer-animated comedy-action movie. It was produced by Anima Istanbul Studios and distributed by Odin's Eye Entertainment. It was Turkey's first adult full-length animated movie. It was shown at the 2016 Annecy International Animated Film Festival in the category "Feature Films out of competition". Awards. "Bad Cat" was nominated for the following awards: Ilyushin Il-10 Ilyushin Il-10 (, NATO reporting name: "Beast") was a Soviet ground attack aircraft developed at the end of World War II, produced by Ilyushin. Blaine County, Idaho Blaine County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 21,376 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Hailey. Picabo, Idaho Picabo is an unincorporated community of Idaho in the United States. It is in Blaine County. Emblem of Guatemala The emblem of Guatemala was adopted in 1871. It comprises: The emblem was designed by Swiss artist and engraver Johan-Baptist Frener, who lived in Guatemala from 1854 until his death in 1897. The emblem also appears on the middle third of the flag of Guatemala. The quetzal previously appeared in the flag of Los Altos, Central America in the 1830s. Emblem of Ethiopia The Emblem of Ethiopia has a yellow star with five rays of light on a blue shield. Avery, Idaho Avery is an unincorporated community of Idaho in the United States. Séry Bailly Zacharie Séry Bailly, or Séry Bailly, (13 March 1948 – 2 December 2018) was an Ivorian academic, politician and short-story writer. He was born in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. He was known as chairperson of Harris Memel-Fotê-Jean Jaurès Fondation in Abidjan, he was also vice-chairman of the Academy of sciences, arts, cultures of Africa and the African diaspora (ASCAD). Bailly died in Abidjan on 2 December 2018 from complications of surgery, aged 70. Remedios Loza Francisca Remedios Loza Alvarado (21 August 1949 – 14 December 2018) was a Bolivian artisan, television presenter and politician. She was born in La Paz. Biography. After hearing her native Aymara language on the radio for the first time in September 1965, Loza became a television presenter. She became the first person of indigenous descent to be seated in the Bolivian National Congress. Loza was a member of the Conscience of Fatherland (CONDEPA) and represented La Paz between 1989 and 2002. She ran on CONDEPA presidential ticket twice in 1993 and in 1997. Loza died of stomach cancer on 14 December 2018 in La Paz, aged 69. President of Bolivia The President of Bolivia () officially known as the President of the Plurinational State of Bolivia (), is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. The Constitution says the president is elected by popular vote to a five-year term, renewable once. In 2016, in a referendum the country voted to maintain term limits. Since 2009, if no candidate wins a majority, the top two candidates advance to a runoff election. Jeanine Áñez was the county's first female president. In October 2020, Luis Arce was elected president. Living former presidents. As of , there are seven living former presidents: Jaime Paz Zamora Jaime Paz Zamora (born April 15, 1939) is a Bolivian politician. He was President of Bolivia from August 6, 1989 to August 6, 1993. He was vice-president between 1982 and 1984. President of Honduras The President of Honduras () officially known as the President of the Republic of Honduras (Spanish: "Presidente de la República de Honduras"), is the head of state and head of government of Honduras, and the Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. Per the 1982 Constitution of Honduras, the Government of Honduras is made up of three branches: Executive, Legislative and Judicial. The President is the head of the Executive branch. Their job is to "Execute and enforce the Constitution, treaties and conventions, laws and other legal dispositions." The President is directly elected for a four year term. Jon Bluming Johannes Cornelius Bluming (6 February 1933 – 17 December 2018) was a Dutch martial artist, instructor and actor. Bluming held 9th dan in judo, 10th dan in Kyokushin Karate and 10th dan in Hapkido. He was also the coach of two-time Olympic champion Willem Ruska. Bluming was born in Amsterdam. Bluming died on 17 December 2018 in De Bilt, Netherlands at the age of 85. Amélie Mummendey Amélie Mummendey (19 June 1944 – 17 December 2018) was a German social psychologist. From 2007 until her death she was a Vice-Rector for the Graduate Academy at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena. She was born in Bonn, Germany. She held a chair in social psychology at the University of Münster (1980–1997) before taking up a chair in social psychology at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena in 1997. Mummendey died on 17 December 2018 at the age of 74. Lebak Regency Lebak Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of Banten. Pandeglang Regency Pandeglang Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of Banten. Serang Regency Serang Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of Banten. Tangerang Regency Tangerang Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of Banten. Cilegon Cilegon is a city in the Indonesian province of Banten. Serang Serang is a city in the Indonesian province of Banten. South Tangerang South Tangerang is a city in the Indonesian province of Banten. Anca Pop Anca Pop (October 22, 1984 – December 16, 2018) was a Romanian-Canadian singer-songwriter. In 2008, she wrote two songs for Goran Bregovic's thirteenth studio album "Champagne for Gypsies". After, she signed with Roton Music. She released four singles: "Free Love", "Super Cool", "Ring Around", and "Loco Poco". Pop died on December 16, 2018 in a car crash on the Danube river, near the commune Svinița, aged 34. Robert Neild Robert Ralph Neild (10 September 1924 – 18 December 2018) was an British economist. He was born in Hertfordshire, England. He was Professor of Economics at Cambridge University. He was Deputy Director of the National Institute for Economic and Social Research, he was in 1966 appointed as founding Director (with Alva Myrdal and then Gunnar Myrdal as chairman) of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). He also wrote "Public Corruption: The Dark Side of Social Evolution" (Anthem Press). He died on 18 December 2018 at the age of 94. Gunnar Myrdal Karl Gunnar Myrdal (; 6 December 1898 – 17 May 1987) was a Swedish economist and sociologist. In 1974, he received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Friedrich Hayek for their work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations. He was best known in the United States for his study of race relations, which is seen in his book "". Shinobu Sekine was a Japanese middleweight judoka. He won a gold medal at his only Olympics in 1972. He was born in Oarai, Ibaraki, Japan. Sekine died on 18 December 2018 at the age of 75. Joy to the World "Joy to the World" is a popular Christmas song. English minister Isaac Watts added the words to the song. As of the late 20th century, the song was the most published Christmas hymn in North America. Origin. The words of the hymn are from Isaac Watts. They are based on Psalm 98, 96:11-12 and Genesis 3:17-18. The song was first published in Watts' collection "The Psalms of David" in 1719. The version of this hymn heard since 1848 is from an edition by Lowell Mason for "The National Psalmist". It was his fourth revision of the tune he named ANTIOCH. Words. The text appears thus in "The Psalms of David : imitated in the Language of the New Testament, and applied to the Christian State and Worship" (London 1719): <poem> "Psalm XCVIII. Second Part." "The" Messiah's" Coming and Kingdom" Joy to the World; the Lord is come! Let earth receive her King! Let ev'ry heart prepare Him room, And Heaven and nature sing. Joy to the earth, the Savior reigns! Let men their songs employ; While fields & floods, rocks, hills & plains Repeat the sounding joy. No more let sins and sorrows grow, Nor thorns infest the ground; He comes to make his blessings flow Far as the curse is found. He rules the world with truth and grace, And makes the nations prove The glories of His righteousness, And wonders of His love.</poem> Alternate lyrics. In the Latter-day Saints' hymn, the refrain in the first verse is "And Saints and Angels Sing". Modern recordings, mostly those aimed at children, take out the first verse. Recordings. A version from the Trinity Choir was very popular in 1911. Since then, the song has been recorded by a number of artists, including Johnny Cash, Mariah Carey, Pat Boone, Ella Fitzgerald, The Supremes and Nat King Cole. Mel Hutchins Melvin R. Hutchins (November 22, 1928 – December 19, 2018) was an American basketball player. He played professionally in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1951 to 1958 when he played for the Milwaukee Hawks, Fort Wayne Pistons and New York Knicks. He was born in Sacramento, California. Hutchins died in 2018 in Encinitas, California from complications of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 90. Encinitas, California Encinitas is a beach city in the North County area of San Diego County, California. It is located within Southern California. It is about north of San Diego. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 59,518. Central Sulawesi Central Sulawesi (Indonesian: "Sulawesi Tengah") is a province of Indonesia. It is at the center of the island of Sulawesi. The capital and largest city is Palu. The population was 2,633,420 in the 2010 census. In 2014, the government reported the population as 2,839,290. The area of Central Sulawesi is Gorontalo Gorontalo (Gorontaloan: "Hulontalo") is a province of Indonesia. It is on the island of Sulawesi. Gorontalo is part of the Minahasa Peninsula. Gorontalo was part of the province of North Sulawesi until it became a new, separate province on 5 December 2000. The provincial capital and largest city is Gorontalo City. Religion. Like most Indonesian provinces, Islam is the majority religion. Islam came to Gorontalo in the 15th century from Ternate and Bone. Non-governmental Islamic organisations such as Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah have offices in Gorontalo. Christians are the second-largest population in Gorontalo. Most are migrants from North Sulawesi and other parts of Indonesia. They are 2.19% of the population. There are several churches in Gorontalo. Other religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism are mostly followed by migrants from other parts of Indonesia. Language. Indonesian is the official language of the province. Road signs and government documents are in Indonesian. However, Gorontaloan language is the most common spoken language in the province. There are several other languages that are similar and may be dialects of Gorontaloan. These include: Suwawa language, Atinggola language, Limboto language, Kwandang language, Tilamuta language and Sumawata language. Gorontaloan is related to languages from North Sulawesi and the Philippines. Gorontaloan is written in the Latin alphabet. Gorontaloan is the language of everyday life. However, Indonesian is used in schools, the media, and government. Lowell Mason Lowell Mason (January 8, 1792 - August 11, 1872) was an important person in American church music. He composed over 1,600 hymn tunes. Some of them are sung even in the 21st century. Mason's most well-known tunes include the arrangement of "Joy to the World" and "Bethany". The latter is his setting to the hymn text "Nearer, My God, to Thee". Mason was responsible for bringing music to American public schools. He is considered to be the first important music educator in the United States. Mason was born in Medfield, Massachusetts. He died in Orange, New Jersey at age 80. Boalemo Regency Boalemo Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of Gorontalo. Bone Bolango Regency Bone Bolango Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of Gorontalo. Gorontalo Regency Gorontalo Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of Gorontalo. Pohuwato Regency Pohuwato Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of Gorontalo. North Gorontalo Regency North Gorontalo Regency is a regency () of the Indonesian Province of Gorontalo. West Sulawesi West Sulawesi () is a province of Indonesia. It is on Sulawesi island. Its capital is Mamuju. The population was 1,158,651 in the 2010 Census. In 2014, the government reported the population as 1,284,620. The area of the province is 16,796.19 km2. The province was established in 2004. It separated from South Sulawesi. Economy. Main industries in the province are mining, agriculture and fishing. Demographics. The population in the 2010 census was 1,158,651. 171,356 people live below the poverty line of Indonesia. Frontier(s) Frontier(s) () is a 2007 horror movie. It was first shown at the Agde Film Festival in 2007. It had a limited release in the United States. The movie was originally rated NC-17 by the Motion Picture Association of America. The movie makers didn't want this rating, so the movie was released unrated. Earlier, it was shown at the After Dark Horrorfest. Plot. A far right candidate is elected to the French presidency. That causes violent riots and protests in Paris. A street gang made up of Muslim Arab teens hopes to get away from Paris. They need cash, though. The teens: Alex, Tom, Farid, a pregnant woman named Yasmine and her brother Sami perform a robbery during the chaos. Sami is shot. The group splits up. Alex and Yasmine take Sami to a hospital. At the hospital, emergency room staff tell the police about Sami. Sami wants Yasmine to run before the police catch her. Sami's dying wish is he doesn't want Yasmine to have an abortion. Alex and Yasmine run away. Sami dies at the hospital. Yasmine and Alex are chained in a muddy-floored pig pen. Alex breaks Yasmine's chains and allows her to run away. When the captors find out Yasmine has escaped, the family patriarch, von Geisler, cuts Alex's Achilles tendons. Back in the pig pen, von Geisler grants Alex his last wish. Alex is killed. A woman named Eva tells Yasmine she (Eva) is obedient. The family promised her that her parents would come back for her someday. Eva and Hans care for rejected children in the mine. Eva takes Yasmine down to dinner. The family is waiting for her. They find out that Von Geisler is a former and still practicing Nazi. He has lived in the inn since the end of World War II. Von Geisler offers a toast to the new person. Yasmine quickly grabs a large knife. She takes von Geisler hostage. Hans grabs a shotgun. He shoots von Geisler dead. Hans himself is shot dead by Karl. Release. "Frontier(s)" was going to be one of the 8 Films to Die For at Horrorfest 2007. However, the United States' MPAA Ratings Board gave the movie an NC-17. So the movie was instead released unrated in ten U.S. theaters for one week. It was released on DVD the next week. Reception. Manohla Dargis from "The New York Times" gave the movie high marks. She said: "There's enough blood in the unrated film "Frontier(s)" to satiate even the most ravenous gore hounds. The real surprise here is that this creepy, contemporary gross-out also has some ideas, visual and otherwise. Rotten Tomatoes' approval rating was 55% for the movie. That was based on 20 reviews. Jim Ridley from "The Village Voice", gave the movie a negative review. He said: "Give the French a taste of neo-fascism, race riots and paramilitary crackdowns, and they seek solace in the American cinema's current favorite pastime - vigorously art-directed torture porn. F. W. Bernstein F. W. Bernstein (born Fritz Weigle, 4 March 1938 – 20 December 2018) was a German poet, cartoonist, satirist and academic. He worked for the satirical monthly "Pardon". He was professor of caricature and comics at the Berlin University of the Arts from 1984 to 1999. He was one of the founding members of the "Neue Frankfurter Schule", which published the satirical "Titanic". Bernstein died on 20 December 2018 in Berlin at the age of 80. Gerard Bernacki Gerard Bernacki (3 November 1942 – 21 December 2018) was a Polish Roman Catholic bishop. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1967. He was titular bishop of "Sala Consilina" and as auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Katowice, Poland, from 1988 to 2012. Bernacki died on 21 December 2018 in Prudnik, Poland at the age of 76. He was buried in Katowice. Jiko Luveni Jiko Fatafehi Luveni ( – 22 December 2018) was a Fijian politician. She was Speaker of the Parliament of Fiji. She was a member of the FijiFirst party. On 22 December 2018, Luveni died at the age of 72 after a short illness. Simcha Rotem Simcha Rotem (born Simcha (Szymon) Rathajzer; 24 February 1924 – 22 December 2018) was a Polish-Israeli veteran. He was a member of the Jewish underground in Warsaw. He was the head courier of the Jewish Fighting Organization (ŻOB), which planned and executed the Warsaw ghetto uprising against the Nazis. He was one of the last two surviving Jewish fighters in the Warsaw uprising and the last surviving fighter from the 1943 Warsaw ghetto uprising. Rotem died on 22 December 2018 in Jerusalem from a long-illness at the age of 94. Hellsing is a Japanese manga series created by Kouta Hirano. The series began in 1997 and ended in September 2008. The series is about a secret Hellsing Organization. The organization fights against vampires, ghouls, and other supernatural enemy who threaten England. The series was licensed for English language release in North America by Dark Horse Comics, in Australia and New Zealand by Madman Entertainment, and in Singapore by Chuang Yi. An anime series of the same name was produced by Gonzo. The series was directed by Umanosuke Iida. It was based on the manga but used a screenplay by Chiaki J. Konaka. It was different from the manga in terms of plot, though it used some of the same characters and similar character designs. It has thirteen episodes. It was broadcast on Japan's Fuji Television from October 10, 2001 to January 16, 2002. An original video animation (OVA) called "Hellsing Ultimate" was produced by Geneon. It followed the manga storyline more closely than the anime series. The series was 10 episodes long. It was released in Japan between February 10, 2006 and December 26, 2012. In North America, the series ran from December 5, 2006 to October 28, 2014. Reception. In 2005, the six and seventh volumes of the "Hellsing" manga series ranked among Diamond Comics Distributors' list of the top 48 manga volumes sold in the United States for the year. In November 2007, the ninth volume was among the top 10 volumes sold according to Japan's monthly sales rankings. Talal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Talal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (15 August 1931 – 22 December 2018), formerly also called The Red Prince, was a senior member of the Saudi royal family. He was known for his liberal stance. He supported a national Constitution, the full rule of law and equality before the law. He was also the leader of Free Princes Movement. His father was Ibn Saud. Prince Talal bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud died on 22 December 2018 in Riyadh, aged 87. Lucas Bersamin Lucas Purugganan Bersamin (born October 19, 1949) is a Filipino politician. He was the 25th Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court, the highest court in the Philippines. He was named by then President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo to the High Court as an Associate Justice on April 2, 2009. He was a member of the Court of Appeals. Alfred Bader Alfred Robert Bader, CBE (April 28, 1924 – December 23, 2018) was a Canadian chemist, businessman, philanthropist, and collector of fine art. He was called by the "Chemical & Engineering News" poll of 1998 to be one of the "Top 75 Distinguished Contributors to the Chemical Enterprise" during C&EN's 75-year history. Bader in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on December 23, 2018 from heart failure at the age of 94. Octobass A octobass is a musical instrument. It is a giant bass with three strings. It is played with a stick like a double bass. It has the deepest sound of any string instrument. There are only seven octobass in the world and they are mostly in museums. The only full working octobass is the one in the Montreal symphony orchestra, making it the only orchestra in the world to have a octobass. Nana Chudasama Nana Mansinh Chudasama (17 June 1933 – 23 December 2018) was an Indian jurist and politician. He was the Mayor and Sheriff of Mumbai from 1989 to 1990. He was the founder of the NGO Giants International which has over 500 branches in India and branches across the world including the United States, United Kingdom, South Africa, Mauritius and Ukraine. He died 23 December 2018 in Mumbai at the age of 86 after a brief illness. Elias M. Stein Elias Menachem Stein (January 13, 1931 – December 23, 2018) was an American mathematician. He was a known in the field of harmonic analysis. He was professor of Mathematics at Princeton University from 1963 until his death in 2018. His honors include the Steele Prize (1984 and 2002), the Schock Prize in Mathematics (1993), the Wolf Prize in Mathematics (1999), and the National Medal of Science (2001). In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society. Galaxy Express 999 is a manga created in 1977 by Leiji Matsumoto. Many anime movies and television series were created based on this manga. It is set in a high-tech future in which humans have learned how to transfer their minds and emotions into mechanical bodies. By doing so they achieve practical immortality. The manga won the Shogakukan Manga Award for shōnen in 1978. The anime series won the Animage Anime Grand Prix prize in 1981. Matsumoto was inspired to create "Galaxy Express 999" by the idea of a steam train running through the stars in the novel "Night on the Galactic Railroad" by Kenji Miyazawa. The movie "Galaxy Express 999: Eternal Fantasy" was released in 1998. Great Teacher Onizuka , in short GTO, is a Japanese shōnen manga series. It was created by Tooru Fujisawa. It was originally published in "Weekly Shōnen Magazine" from May 1997 to April 2002. The story focuses on 22-year-old Eikichi Onizuka. He becomes a teacher at a private middle school, Holy Forest Academy, in Tokyo, Japan. "Shonan Junai Gumi" (lit. "Shōnan True Love Group") and "Bad Company" are other manga series by Tooru Fujisawa. They focus on the life of Onizuka before he became a teacher in "Great Teacher Onizuka". A twelve-episode Japanese television drama running from July to September 1998 was created based on this manga. A live-action film directed by Masayuki Suzuki and released in December 1999 was also created based on this manga. A 43-episode anime television series based on this manga aired in Japan by Fuji Television and Animax from June 1999 to September 2000. Both the anime and manga have been licensed in North America by Tokyopop. A second live action series aired in Japan during 2012, and two more in 2014. It won the 1998 Kodansha Manga Award for shōnen category. Michelle Yeoh Michelle Yeoh Choo-Kheng (or just Michelle Yeoh; born 6 August 1962) is a Malaysian actress. She became famous by having a number of roles in 1990s Hong Kong action movies. She is best known for her role as Wai Lin in "Tomorrow Never Dies". Also, she played as Yu Shu Lien in the 2000 movie "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon". Career. Yeow won the Miss Malaysia beauty pageant at age 20 in 1983. She also represented Malaysia at the Queen of the Pacific 1983 beauty pageant. The pageant was held in Australia. She won. Yeoh started her career acting in martial arts and action movies. She did her own stunts. In a few earlier movies, she was credited as Michelle Khan. She later wanted to use her real name. Yeoh played the family matriarch Eleanor Young in "Crazy Rich Asians" in 2018. She was a member of the jury at the 49th Berlin International Film Festival in 1999. Yeow was born in Ipoh, Malaysia. Yona of the Dawn is a Japanese manga series by Mizuho Kusanagi. It is published in Hakusensha's "shōjo" manga magazine "Hana to Yume" from August 2009. An anime television series based on this manga was created by Pierrot. It aired between October 7, 2014 and March 24, 2015. Funimation has licensed the anime series for streaming and home video rights in North America. The first opening theme is an song by Kunihiko Ryo, called . The first ending theme is by Vistlip. The second opening theme is "Akatsuki no Hana", by Cyntia. The second ending theme is "Akatsuki", by Akiko Shikata. The first OVA was released on September 18, 2015, the second OVA was released on August 19, 2016 and the third OVA was released on December 20, 2016. Glass harmonica The glass harmonica (also called the armonica) is a musical instrument. It was invented by Benjamin Franklin. It is made up of a spinning stick with glass bowls around it. The player rubs their fingers on the glass bowls as the instrument spins to make music. Different sizes of bowl make different sounds. Charles Mattocks Charles Porter Mattocks (October 11, 1840 – May 16, 1910) was a colonel in the Union Army. He was given the Medal of Honor for his actions in the American Civil War. He was born in Danville, Vermont and served in the 17th Maine Infantry during the American Civil War. After being captured by the Confederate States Army he was a prisoner of war for nine months in Danville, Virginia. Later, he commanded the Maine State Militia and fought as a Brigadier General during the Spanish–American War. He was elected to the Maine House of Representatives in 1880, was a county attorney for Cumberland County, Maine, and argued a case in the Supreme Court. Patrick Steptoe Patrick Christopher Steptoe CBE FRS (9 June 1913, Oxford, England – 21 March 1988, Canterbury) was a British obstetrician and gynaecologist. Tupolev Tu-114 Tupolev Tu-114 «Rossiya» (Russian: Tyполев Тy-114 Poccия; NATO reporting name: Cleat) was a Soviet turboprop-powered, long-range airliner designed by Tupolev. Majene Regency Majene Regency () is a regency in West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. It is on the island Sulawesi. The capital is Majene. The population of Majene Regency was 150,939 at the 2010 Census. Administration. The regency has eight districts (). Mamasa Regency Mamasa Regency () is a regency in West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. It is on the island Sulawesi. The capital is Mamasa. The population was 139,962 in the 2010 Census. The Toraja are the most common ethnic group. Sumarorong Airport. The airport opened in 2012 with a 700-meter runway in 2012. The airport closed in 2016. Administration. The regency has seventeen districts (). Mamuju Regency Mamuju Regency () is a regency in West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. It is on the island Sulawesi. The capital is Mamuju. Mamuju is also the capital of West Sulawesi. The population of the regency was 336,879 at the 2010 Census. Administration. The regency has eleven districts (). Mamuju (city) Mamuju is the capital of the Indonesian province of West Sulawesi. Education. Education in Mamuju extends up to SMA III (Year 12) and people from surrounding areas (especially the area of Kalumpang) travel to Mamuju for schooling. Students must travel to larger towns like Makassar for higher education. Agriculture. Agriculture in this area includes jackfruit, rambutan, durian, rice, and bananas. Demographics. Most people in Mamuju are Muslim. There are many mosques. However, some Christians and Buddhists also live here. Culture. There is a sandeq race every August from Mamuju to Makassar. Sister cities. Mamuju has two sister cities: Achille Beltrame Achille Beltrame (March 18, 1871 – February 19, 1945) was an Italian painter and illustrator from Arzignano. Mustafa Ali (wrestler) Adeel Alam (born March 28, 1986) is an American professional wrestler currently signed WWE and perform in SmackDown brand under in his ring name Mustafa Ali. Ali is first wrestler of Pakistani descent. Professional wrestling career. Independent Circuit (2003-2016). Alam wrestle in various wrestling promotion. During his first six years he used a mask. He did it all during the day, while working night shifts as a police officer. WWE. 205 Live (2016-2018). On June 25, 2016, after Brazilian wrestler Zumbi was not able to participate in the WWE Cruiserweight Classic due to visa issues, WWE announced that Mustafa Ali would replace him. On July 20, Linch Dorado defeat Ali and he was eliminated from tournament. He appeared October 26 episode of NXT, where he and Dorado teaming with each other and entered Dusty Rohdes Tag Team Classic. But in first round they were defeated by Kota Ibushi and TJ Perkins. 2018 Puebla helicopter crash On December 24, 2018, a helicopter carrying Martha Érika Alonso Hidalgo, the newly elected Governor of the Mexican state of Puebla, and her husband, Senator and former Governor Rafael Moreno Valle Rosas, crashed on a hill in Coronango near the city of Puebla. Five people on board the helicopter were killed in the crash: Alonso, Moreno, the two pilots, Captain Roberto Coppe Obregón and Captain Marco Antonio Pavera Romero, and Héctor Baltazar Mendoza, an assistant to the senator. Alonso was 10 days into her term as governor. Its destination was the Helipuerto Radio Capital in Mexico City. It crashed on 24 December at 14:50 local time (20:50 GMT), just ten minutes after takeoff from a heliport in Puebla. The crash site is in the Santa María Coronango. Mexico had sought the aid of the United States National Transportation Safety Board, but the NTSB could not support the investigation due to the government shutdown underway. 2018–2019 United States federal government shutdown At midnight EST on Saturday, December 22, 2018, the Federal government of the United States began a shutdown because neither legislative funding was passed for the upcoming fiscal year or a continuing resolution. It lasted until 25 January 2019, the longest shutdown in history. This was also a response from President Donald Trump’s refusal to sign a bill to keep the government open due to lack of funding for his border wall. The shutdown could cost billions of dollars. Jozef Adamec Jozef Adamec (26 February 1942 – 24 December 2018) was a Slovak football forward and manager. He played mostly for Spartak Trnava (1959–61, 1963–64, 1966–76). He was member of Dukla Prague (1961–63), he spent one year with Slovan Bratislava (1964–65) and at the end of career played for lower-division Austrian club Slovan Wien (1977–80). Osvaldo Bayer Osvaldo Bayer (18 February 1927 – 24 December 2018) was an Argentine writer and journalist. He lived in Buenos Aires. In 1974, during the presidency of Isabel Perón, he went into exile, living in Linz am Rhein, Germany. An anarchist, he was a critic of the National Reorganization Process dictatorship (1976–1983). He also founded the Department of Human Rights in the School of Philosophy and Humanities of the University of Buenos Aires. He worked at the newspapers "Noticias Gráficas", "Clarin" and "Esquel", a local newspaper in the Patagonian town of Esquel. In 1958 he founded "La Chispa" ("The Spark"). Bayer died on 24 December 2018 in Buenos Aires, at the age of 91. Martha Erika Alonso Hidalgo Martha Érika Alonso Hidalgo (; 17 December 1973 – 24 December 2018) was a Mexican politician. She was a member of the National Action Party (PAN). Alonso Hidalgo was the first woman Governor of Puebla. She was Governor for ten days, from 14 December to 24 December 2018. Her husband was Rafael Moreno Valle Rosas, who was the governor of Puebla from 2011 to 2017. On 24 December 2018, both Alonso Hidalgo and her husband Valle Rosas were killed in a helicopter crash near Santa María Coronango, Puebla, aged 45. Rafael Moreno Valle Rosas Rafael Moreno Valle Rosas (30 June 1968 – 24 December 2018) was a Mexican politician. He was a member of the National Action Party (PAN). He was the Governor of Puebla from February 2011 through January 2017. Moreno Valle also was a Deputy of the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress representing Puebla and as a Senator. Personal life. He was married to Martha Erika Alonso Hidalgo, who was the first woman Governor of Puebla from 17 December to 24 December 2018. On 24 December 2018, a helicopter carrying Moreno Valle and his wife crashed in a field near the town of Santa María Coronango, where they both died. Bill Baillie William David Baillie (28 May 1934 – 25 December 2018) was a New Zealand runner. He represented his country at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, where he placed sixth in the 5000 m. He also competed at the 1954, 1958, 1962, and 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games. He was born in Nelson, New Zealand. In 2001, Baillie was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to athletics. Baillie died in Auckland on 25 December 2018, aged 84. Larry Eisenberg Lawrence Eisenberg (December 21, 1919 – December 25, 2018) was an American biomedical engineer and science fiction writer. He is best known for his short story "What Happened to Auguste Clarot?," published in Harlan Ellison's anthology "Dangerous Visions". His stories have been reprinted in anthologies such as "Great Science Fiction of the 20th Century", "The 10th Annual of the Year’s Best S-F", and "Great Science Fiction By the World's Great Scientists". He was also known for the limericks he posts in the comments sections of various articles in "The New York Times". Eisenberg died in Lincoln, Massachusetts on December 25, 2018 from acute myeloid leukemia, aged 99. Sulagitti Narasamma Sulagitti Narasamma (Kannada: ಸೂಲಗಿತ್ತಿ ನರಸಮ್ಮ; 1920 – 25 December, 2018) was an Indian midwife. She was from the Pavagada village, in Tumkur district of Karnataka state. She performed more than 15,000 traditional deliveries over a 70-year period of service with no medical facilities and no medical cost. Her medical services were directed towards poor people in Karnataka. Her work was honored with the National Citizen's award of India in 2012 and the country’s fourth highest civilian award, the Padma Shri, in 2018. Narasamma died at a hospital in Bengaluru, Karnataka, on 25 December 2018 at the age of 98 of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Baldur Ragnarsson Baldur Ragnarsson (25 August 1930 – 25 December 2018) was an Icelandic poet and author of Esperanto works. He was a teacher and a superintendent of schools in Iceland. His best known work was "La lingvo serena". He was in charge of the World Esperanto Association's literary contest from 1975 to 1985. He was president of the organizing committee for the 1977 World Esperanto Congress at Reykjavík and vice-president of the World Esperanto Association. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature following the death of William Auld in 2006. Ragnarsson died on 25 December 2018 in Reykjavík at the age of 88. Gurren Lagann Gurren Lagann is a Japanese mecha anime television series. It was animated by Gainax and co-produced by Aniplex and Konami. It ran for 27 episodes on Japan's TV Tokyo between April 1, 2007, and September 30, 2007. It was directed by Hiroyuki Imaishi. It was written by veteran playwright Kazuki Nakashima. "Gurren Lagann" takes place in a fictional future where Earth is ruled by the Spiral King, Lordgenome. Lordgenome forces people to live under the surface of the earth. The plot focuses on two teenagers, Simon and Kamina. They live in a village under the earth surface and wish to go to the surface. Using a mecha known as Lagann, Simon and Kamina reach the surface. There they and other humans start fighting against Lordgenome's forces. In North America, at first it was announced to be licensed by ADV Films in 2007, the license was transferred to Bandai Entertainment in 2008. The license was again transferred to Aniplex of America in 2013. In the United Kingdom, it was licensed by Manga Entertainment in 2007, then transferred to Beez Entertainment in 2008. The license was again transferred to Anime Limited in 2013. The Sci Fi Channel got the broadcasting rights of "Gurren Lagann" and began airing the anime on July 28, 2008. The anime won several awards at the Tokyo International Anime Fair and the Animation Kobe and Japan Media Arts Festivals. A manga based on this was published by ASCII Media Works between 2007 and 2013. Bandai Entertainment licensed the manga and released it in English in North America. A series of four light novels was published by Shogakukan between 2007 and 2008. A Nintendo DS video game was released in October 2007. Two animated film versions were produced. The first premiered in Japanese theaters on September 6, 2008, and the second premiered on April 25, 2009. Albert Uderzo Alberto Aleandro Uderzo (; ; 25 April 1927 – 24 March 2020), known as Albert Uderzo, was a French comic book artist and scriptwriter. He was best known for his work on the "Astérix" series and also drew other comics such as "Oumpah-pah", also in collaboration with René Goscinny. Uderzo died on 24 March 2020 of a heart attack in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, aged 92. Lata Mangeshkar Lata Mangeshkar () (born Hema Mangeshkar; 28 September 1929 – 6 February 2022) was an Indian playback singer and music director. Reputation. She is one of the best-known playback singers in India. She has recorded songs in over a thousand Hindi movies and has sung songs in over thirty-six regional Indian languages. Life. Lata Mangeshkar was born in 1929, the eldest daughter of Deenanath Mangeshkar, a Marathi and Konkani musician and his wife Shevanti in Indore. Mangeshkar died on 6 February 2022, from multiple organ failure after contracting COVID-19 and undergoing 28 days of treatment at the Breach Candy Hospital, Mumbai, India. Death. Mangeshkar died on 6 February 2022, from multiple organ failure after contracting COVID-19 and undergoing 28 days of treatment at the Breach Candy Hospital, Mumbai, India. The Government of India announced a two-day national mourning and that the National Flag will fly at half-mast from February 6 to 7 throughout India in her respect. Ilyushin Il-2 Ilyushin Il-2 (Russian: Ильюшин Ил-2; NATO reporting name: Bark) was a Soviet ground-attack aircraft produced by Ilyushin in WWII. Ruthie Tompson Ruthie Tompson (July 22, 1910 – October 10, 2021) was an American animator. She was best known for her work on animated features at The Walt Disney Company. She was born in Portland, Maine. Her best known works were in "Sleeping Beauty", "Pinocchio", "Dumbo" and "Fantasia". Tompson retired in 1975 after working for The Walt Disney Company for almost 40 years. In July 2020, Tompson turned 110. She died on October 10, 2021 at her home in Woodland Hills, California at the age of 111. Sonali Bendre Sonali Bendre (born 1 January 1975) is an Indian actress, model, television personality and author. She was born in Mumbai. Her best known roles were in "Diljale" (1996), "Bhai" (1997), "Qahar" (1997), "Major Saab" (1998), "Sarfarosh" (1999), "Hum Saath Saath Hain" (1999), "Kadhalar Dhinam" (1998) and its Hindi bilingual "Dil Hi Dil Mein" (1999) and "Hamara Dil Aapke Paas Hai" (2000). In July 2018, Bendre was diagnosed with an aggressive form of cancer and was undergoing treatment in New York City. Val Bettin Valentine John "Val" Bettin (born August 1, 1924) is an American retired actor and voice artist. He is known for using an English accent in all of his roles. He is perhaps best known for voicing Dr. David Q. Dawson in the 1986 Disney animated movie "The Great Mouse Detective" and the Sultan in "The Return of Jafar" (1994) and "Aladdin and the King of Thieves" (1996). Herbert Kretzmer Herbert Kretzmer, OBE (5 October 1925 – 14 October 2020) was a South African-born English journalist and lyricist. He was best known as the lyricist for the English-language musical adaptation of "Les Misérables" as well as for his long-time writing works with the French singer Charles Aznavour. He was nominated for Best Original Song at the 85th Academy Awards and the 70th Golden Globe Awards for the song "Suddenly" from the 2012 movie version of "Les Misérables". Kretzmer died on 14 October 2020 in London from Parkinson's disease-related problems at the age of 95. Vogelkop bowerbird The Vogelkop bowerbird ("Amblyornis inornata"), also known as the Vogelkop gardener bowerbird, is a medium-sized, bowerbird of the mountains of the Vogelkop Peninsula at Western New Guinea, Indonesia. The birds are about 21–35 cm in length, with the females being slightly smaller. The species is known for their mating method. Males are seen, in order to mate, to build a nest with decorations. The more attractive the nest, the most likely it will attract a mate. Eiza González Eiza González Reyna (; born 30 January 1990) is a Mexican actress and singer. She became famous for her role as Dolores "Lola" Valente in the Mexican musical telenovela "Lola...Érase una vez" (2007–2008). González gained further fame in the American horror series ' (2014–2016). She is also known for her roles as Monica "Darling" Castello in the action crime movie "Baby Driver" (2017) and as Nyssiana in the cyberpunk action movie ' (2019). Polistes carnifex Polistes carnifex, also known as the executioner wasp, is a neotropical vespid wasp in the cosmopolitan genus "Polistes" and is labeled as having the most painful sting out of all discovered insect species. The wasp is native to Central and South America. It is a very large yellow and brown paper wasp that creates small colonies which build nests under the eaves of buildings or suspended from branches. Him & I "Him & I" is a song recorded by American rapper G-Eazy and singer Halsey. Deadman Wonderland is a Japanese manga series. It was written by Jinsei Kataoka and illustrated by Kazuma KondouIt. It was published in "Shōnen Ace" since 2008. Tokyopop got the licensing rights to distribute the manga in English. It released the first 5 volumes of the manga before the company shut down its North American Publishing division in 2011. Viz Media announced that it had licensed the series for English language release in North America on July 7, 2013. It released the first volume on February 11, 2014; new volumes were released every two months after that. An anime based on this manga aired between April and July 2011. The content from first 21 chapters were used in the anime. The anime is licensed by Funimation and aired on Adult Swim's Toonami block on May 26, 2012. It finished its run on August 11, 2012. She's Gotta Have It She's Gotta Have It is a 1986 black and white comedy-drama movie. It was written, directed and edited by Spike Lee. Lee also acts in the movie. Plot. Nola Darling is a young and attractive woman from Brooklyn. She is in relationships with three men: the polite and well-meaning Jamie Overstreet, the self-obsessed model Greer Childs and the immature Mars Blackmon. Though Nola is attracted to the best in each of them, she refuses to commit to any of them. Instead, she likes her personal freedom. Her carefree, sexual lifestyle comes to an end when the three men meet and talk about Nola. Greer justifies Nola's arrogant behavior by saying she doesn't see the three as individuals. She sees the three as a group. Jamie and Mars become unhappy over how little Nola cares for all three men. Jamie realizes that Greer and Mars are too scared of losing Nola to force her to choose one of them. Jamie tells Nola she must choose a single lover. Nola asks Jamie to come to her apartment to have casual sex. Jamie rapes Nola. He mockingly asks her if he's as good sexually as Greer or Mars. Nola has a "no-sex" agreement. Jamie rejects it at first. Then he agrees. Themes. Nola realizes the freedom to have many sex partners that men have usually enjoyed. "A woman (or, at least Nola) can be a sexual being, doesn't belong to a man and perhaps shouldn't even wish for such a thing". Release. Box office. "She's Gotta Have It" opened in one theater on August 8, 1986. It made $28,743 on its opening weekend. The movie took in $7,137,503 in the United States. Critical reception. The movie was well-liked by critics and audiences. Rotten Tomatoes rated this movie at 90% based on the reviews of 31 critics. The Metacritic rated the movie at 79/100. Home media. The movie was released in VHS format. In 2008 it was released on DVD in Region 1 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. Television series. A television series based on the movie got started on Netflix in 2017. Director Spike Lee directed the first season. Jordan Peterson Jordan Bernt Peterson (born June 12, 1962) is a Canadian clinical psychologist and a retired professor of psychology at the University of Toronto. He studies abnormal, social, and personality psychology. He is interested in the psychology of religious and ideological belief. Peterson has criticised political correctness, Marxism, and postmodernism. Peterson has said "the climate change thing for me is a contentious issue, because you can’t trust the players." However, he does believe climate change to be an issue. Viktor Frankl Viktor Emil Frankl (26 March 1905 – 2 September 1997) was an Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist as well as a Holocaust survivor. He survived Theresienstadt, Auschwitz, Kaufering, and Türkheim. Frankl was the founder of logotherapy, which is a form of existential analysis, the "Third Viennese School of Psychotherapy". Robert de Zouche Hall Sir Robert de Zouche Hall, GCMG (27 April 1904 – 19 March 1995) was an English colonial governor. He served in Sierra Leone and Tanganyika. He moved from the United Kingdom to New Zealand in 1973. He settled in Gisborne. Paradise, Nevada Paradise is an unincorporated town and census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Nevada, United States. It is close to the city of Las Vegas and contains most of the Las Vegas Strip. The population was 223,167 at the 2010 census, making it the unincorporated town with the most people in Nevada. It was founded on December 8, 1950. Caledonia County, Vermont Caledonia County is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Vermont. At the 2010 census, 31,227 people lived there. Its shire town (county seat) is the municipality of St. Johnsbury. Arlington, Massachusetts Arlington is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is six miles (10 km) northwest of Boston. The population was 42,844 at the 2010 census. Yu Yu Hakusho is a Japanese manga series by Yoshihiro Togashi. The series tells the story of Yusuke Urameshi. He died saving a child from a car. Yusuke goes through tests presented by Koenma, the son of the ruler of the afterlife Underworld. After those tests, Yusuke is brought back to life. He then becomes "Underworld Detective" and investigate many cases involving demons and ghosts in the human world. Later manga becomes more focused on martial arts battles and tournaments. Togashi began creating the series in November 1990. The manga was originally published in Shueisha's "Weekly Shōnen Jump" from December 1990 to July 1994. The series has 175 chapters collected in 19 "tankōbon" volumes. In North America, the manga ran completely in Viz's "Shonen Jump" from January 2003 to January 2010. There is an anime based on this manga with 112 television episodes. It was directed by Noriyuki Abe and co-produced by Fuji Television, Yomiko Advertising, and Studio Pierrot. At first, the television series aired on Japan's Fuji TV network from October 10, 1992 to December 17, 1994. It was later licensed in North America by Funimation in 2001. There it aired on popular Cartoon Network blocks including Adult Swim and later Toonami. The television series has also been broadcast in various other countries around the world. The "Yu Yu Hakusho" franchise has produced two animated films. It also has produced a series of original video animations (OVAs), audio albums, video games and other merchandise. The manga sold over fifty million copies in Japan. It won the Shogakukan Manga Award for "shōnen" manga in 1993. The animated series won the "Animage" Anime Grand Prix prize for best anime in 1994 and 1995. "Yu Yu Hakusho" has been watched by a large number of television viewers in Japan. Álex Figueroa Álex Adolfo Figueroa Muñoz (20 September 1961 – 25 December 2018) was a Chilean politician and physician. He was Minister of Health from 1996 to 2000 during the Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle presidency. He was born in Santiago de Chile. Figueroa was a member of the Christian Democratic Party. Figueroa died on 25 December 2018 from liver cancer in Santiago, aged 57. Miúcha Heloísa Maria Buarque de Hollanda (30 November 1937 – 27 December 2018), also known as Miúcha, was a Brazilian singer and composer. She was born in Rio de Janeiro. In 1960 she moved to Paris where she studied Art History at the École du Louvre. In 1975 she made her first professional recording as a singer on the album "The Best of Two Worlds". Miúcha partnered with Tom Jobim on two albums, 1977 and 1979, and was part of the show organized by Aloysio de Oliveira along with Vinicius de Moraes, Tom Jobim and Toquinho. The act was shown for a year at Canecão in Rio de Janeiro. Miúcha died on 27 December 2018, in Rio de Janeiro from respiratory failure, at the age of 81. Antonov An-148 Antonov An-148 (Ukrainian: Антонов Ан-148) is a regional jet designed by Antonov. Deaths in January 2019 The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in January 2019. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting. Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source. Tadeusz Pieronek Tadeusz Pieronek (pronounced ; 24 October 1934 – 27 December 2018) was a Polish Roman Catholic auxiliary bishop-emeritus. He was auxiliary bishop of the Sosnowiec from 1992 to 1998. Biography. He was a Catholic academic and professor of theology and civil law. Pieronek was a leading member of the Stefan Batory Foundation (a George Soros Foundation branch in Poland). He was born in Radziechowy, Poland. Pieronek died on 27 December 2018 in Sosnowiec, Poland from a heart attack at the age of 84. Tupolev Tu-104 Tupolev Tu-104 (Russian: Туполев Ту-104; NATO reporting name: Camel) was a Soviet twin engine turbofan airliner designed by Tupolev. Micheál Martin Micheál Martin (; born 1 August 1960) is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He has been the Taoiseach of Ireland since 27 June 2020 and Leader of Fianna Fáil since 2011. He was Leader of the Opposition in Ireland from 2011 to 2020, Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2008 to 2011 and Minister for Health and Children from 2000 to 2004. He has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for Cork South-Central since 1989. Martin has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Cork South-Central constituency since 1989. He was Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2008 to 2011, Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment from 2004 to 2008, Minister for Health and Children from 2000 to 2004, Minister for Education and Science from 1997 to 2000 and Lord Mayor of Cork from 1992 to 1993. Bootleg recording A bootleg recording is an audio or video recording of a performance or song by an artist which was not officially released by the artist. The process of distributing or making such recordings is called bootlegging. Recordings may be copied and traded between fans of an artist without profit. But some bootleggers have sold recordings for profit. They sometimes add professional-quality sound engineering and/or packaging to the raw material. Bootlegs are usually made of either unreleased studio recordings, live performances or interviews with a level of quality that can't be predicted. Bootlegging dates back to the 16th and 17th centuries, around the time of William Shakespeare. In the early 20th century, movie soundtracks were often bootlegged. One example was a bootleg of Judy Garland. She performed "Annie Get Your Gun". That was before Betty Hutton replaced her early in production. It happened after a full soundtrack had been recorded. Bootlegging increased between the 1960s and 2000s. One of the most praised bootlegs in the 1980s is Prince's studio album "The Black Album". In December 1987, Prince ordered the album taken down because of a few advance copies being used to make bootlegs. The rise in popularity of the video sharing website YouTube caused it to be a major carrier of bootleg recordings. Its owner, Google, believes that under the "safe harbor" rule of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), it cannot be held responsible for content. That allows bootleg media to be hosted on it without any fear of a lawsuit. In 2010 Youtube removed a 15-minute limit on videos. That allowed entire concerts to be uploaded by fans and bootleggers. One-Punch Man is an ongoing Japanese superhero webcomic created by ONE. It began publication in early 2009. The series quickly went viral. It received 7.9 million hits in June 2012. "One-Punch Man" tells the story of Saitama, a very powerful superhero. He has grown bored due to the lack of challenge in his fight against evil and is trying to find a worthy opponent. A digital manga remake of the series, illustrated by Yusuke Murata, began publication on Shueisha's "Young Jump Web Comics" website in 2012. The chapters are collected and printed into "tankōbon" volumes. Twenty-seven volumes were released as of November 4, 2022. Viz Media has licensed the remake for English publication in its "Weekly Shonen Jump" digital magazine. An anime television based on this manga by Madhouse aired in Japan between October and December 2015. It was dubbed in English during the summer of 2016. Later that year a planned second season was announced. On September 25, 2017, it was announced that they would be changing both its production company and director. The series nominated for the seventh annual Manga Taishō Awards in 2014. The series was also nominated for an Eisner Award in 2015. Water table The water table is the level where the ground will be filled with water if you go any lower. The water table is the top of an underground surface where the soil or rocks are permanently saturated with water. The groundwater (fresh water found underground) may come from precipitation or from water flowing into the aquifer. Violet Evergarden is a Japanese light novel series. It was written by Kana Akatsuki. The drawings in the book were drawn by Akiko Takase. It won the grand prize in the Kyoto Animation Award in 2014. This was for novels. This was the first time something had won a grand prize in the Kyoto Animation Award. Kyoto Animation released the first book on 25 December 2015. They released it under their KA Esuma Bunko company. An anime television series came out between January and April 2018. An original video animation episode came out in July 2018 and a movie will come out in January 2020. Nardole Nardole is a character created by Steven Moffat, played by Matt Lucas, in the Doctor Who television shows. Juan Bautista Agüero Juan Bautista Agüero Sánchez (24 June 1935 – 27 December 2018) was an Uruguayan football striker. He was born in Caacupé, Paraguay. Agüero was part of the Paraguay national football team that qualified for and played in the 1958 FIFA World Cup, where he scored two goals for Paraguay. For the 1965/1966, he signed for Real Madrid and he also had a brief stint in Granada CF. Agüero died on 27 December 2018 in Caacupé at the age of 83. Robert Kerman Robert Charles Kerman (December 16, 1947 – December 27, 2018) was an American actor. He appeared in pornographic movies in the 1970s and 1980s. Kerman was born in New York City. His nickname was R. Bolla. He was in 100 pornographic movies, but famously in "Debbie Does Dallas" (1978). He also appeared in non-pornographic movies such as "The Goodbye Girl" (1977), "The Concorde... Airport '79", "Cannibal Holocaust" and "Cannibal Ferox". In the 2000s, Kerman played a sea captain in Sam Raimi's "Spider-Man", and Dr. Monroe in the drama short "Vic". Kerman died in New York City on December 27, 2018 at the age of 71. Amos Oz Amos Oz (; born Amos Klausner; May 4, 1939 – December 28, 2018) was an Israeli writer, novelist, journalist and philosopher. He was a professor of literature at Ben-Gurion University in Beersheba. He was born in Jerusalem. Oz's work has been published in 45 languages in 47 countries. He was honored with a Legion of Honour of France, the Goethe Prize, the Prince of Asturias Award in Literature, the Heinrich Heine Prize and the Israel Prize. In 2007, a selection from the Chinese translation of "A Tale of Love and Darkness" was the first work of modern Hebrew literature to appear in an official Chinese textbook. His other best known works were "My Michael" and "A Perfect Peace". Oz was a supporter of a two-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Oz died in Tel Aviv on December 28, 2018 from a short-battle with an "aggressive form" of cancer at the age of 79. Patrick M. Shanahan Patrick Michael Shanahan (born June 27, 1962) is an American politician and businessman. He was the acting United States Secretary of Defense in the Trump administration from January 1, 2019 to June 24, 2019. On December 27, 2018, President Trump promoted him to Acting Secretary of Defense starting on January 1, 2019, replacing James Mattis. The White House announced on May 9, 2019, that Trump intended to nominate Shanahan as the Secretary of Defense. That decision was reversed on June 18, 2019, when Shanahan said that he was withdrawing, and Trump announced that he would be making Mark Esper the acting U.S. Secretary of Defense. Shanahan's last day in that position was June 24, 2019. David Bernhardt David Longly Bernhardt (born August 17, 1969) is an American attorney, lobbyist and politician. He was the 53rd United States Secretary of the Interior from 2019 to 2021. He was the Deputy United States Secretary of the Interior when Ryan Zinke was secretary. He began working for the United States Department of the Interior in 2001 and was the department's solicitor from 2006 to 2009, among other roles. On April 28, 2017, President Donald Trump nominated him to be the United States Deputy Secretary of the Interior. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on July 24, 2017. He became Acting Secretary of the Interior on January 2, 2019, replacing Ryan Zinke. In February 2019, Trump nominated Bernhardt to serve the position as the permanent secretary. He was confirmed on April 11, 2019. Rifle, Colorado The City of Rifle is a city in Garfield County, Colorado, United States. The population was 9,172 at the 2010 census. The town was founded in 1882. It is located along Rifle Creek, near its mouth on the Colorado. The community takes its name from the creek. McFlurry The McFlurry is a brand of flavored ice cream distributed by the international fast food restaurant chain McDonald's and was first introduced in Canada in 1995. Bonner County, Idaho Bonner County is a county in the northern part of the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 40,877 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Sandpoint. Earle, Arkansas Earle is a city in Crittenden County, Arkansas. Emmet, Arkansas Emmet is a city in the US state of Arkansas. Clay County, Kentucky Clay County is a county in Kentucky. Clay County, Tennessee Clay County is a county in Tennessee. Clay County, Mississippi Clay County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. The county seat is West Point. UNCF UNCF, the United Negro College Fund, also known as the United Fund, is an American charity organization that funds scholarships for black students and general scholarship funds for 37 private historically black colleges and universities. UNCF was created on April 25, 1944 by Frederick D. Patterson (then president of what is now Tuskegee University), Mary McLeod Bethune, and others. UNCF is headquartered at 1805 7th Street, NW in Washington, D.C. In 2005, UNCF supported almost 65,000 students at over 900 colleges and universities with about $113 million in grants and scholarships. About 60% of these students are the first in their families to attend college. About 62% have annual family incomes of less than $25,000. UNCF also runs over 450 named scholarships. UNCF's president and chief executive officer is Michael Lomax. Past presidents of the UNCF included William H. Gray (Pennsylvania politician) and Vernon Jordan. Sigma, Capiz Sigma is a town in Capiz, Visayas, in the Philippines. In 2015, it had a population of 30,134 people. Sigma is 28 kilometers away from Roxas, the capital of the province of Capiz. References. Capiz Capiz is a province of the Visayas region in the Philippines. The province's capital is Roxas City. The province is one of the 15th most visited places in the country and is known for its seafood. LA LA can mean Aída Judith León Aída León de Rodríguez, born Aída Judith León Lara (born June 23, 1928) is an Ecuadorian philanthropist. She was the First Lady of Ecuador to Guillermo Rodríguez, her husband from 1972 to 1976. León was born on June 23, 1928 in Pujilí, Cotopaxi Province. In 1953, she married General Guillermo Rodríguez and had five children. As First Lady of Ecuador, León was president of the National Children's Trust (INNFA since 1980). León was in charge of the evacuation and treatment of victims of a flood in Babahoyo. Tom Weisner Tom Weisner (October 6, 1949 – December 28, 2018) was an American politician. He was the mayor of Aurora, Illinois from 2005 until 2016. He worked for five years as a volunteer in the Peace Corps. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was born in Batavia, Illinois. He was re-elected in 2012, but in May 2015 announced his retirement. He resigned in August 2016 due to poor health. Weisner died of colon cancer-related complications on December 28, 2018 in Aurora, aged 69. Wendy Beckett Wendy Beckett (25 February 1930 – 26 December 2018), better known as Sister Wendy, was a British nun, television personality and art historian. She was born in South Africa. Beckett became famous during the early 1990s when she presented a series of BBC television documentaries on the history of art. Her programmes, such as "Sister Wendy's Odyssey" and "Sister Wendy's Grand Tour," often drew a 25 percent share of the British viewing audience. In 1997, Sister Wendy first appeared on television in the United States, on public television. That same year "The New York Times" described her as "a sometime hermit who is fast on her way to becoming the most unlikely and famous art critic in the history of television". Beckett died on 26 December 2018 at the Carmelite Monastery in Quidenham, Norfolk at the age of 88. Peritonitis Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum, the lining of the inner wall of the abdomen and cover of the abdominal organs. Symptoms may include severe pain, swelling of the abdomen, fever, or weight loss. Causes include perforation of the intestinal tract, pancreatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, stomach ulcer, cirrhosis, or a ruptured appendix. Treatment often includes antibiotics, intravenous fluids, pain medication, and surgery. Tomokatsu Kitagawa was a Japanese politician. He was a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. He was a member of the House of Representatives. He was born in Neyagawa, Osaka. He was an MP from 2003 to 2009 and again from 2012 until his death 2018. Kitagawa died on December 26, 2018 in Osaka of complications from peritonitis, aged 67. Toshiko Fujita was a Japanese actress and singer. She was born in Dalian, Liaoning, China. She worked at Aoni Production. Fujita was known for her roles in "Digimon Adventure", "Zatch Bell!", "Chihayafuru", "Bonobono" and in "Fist of the North Star". Fujita died of breast cancer on December 28, 2018 in Tokyo at the age of 68. Peter Hill-Wood Peter Denis Hill-Wood (25 February 1936 – 28 December 2018) was a British businessman. He was born in London. He was chairman of Arsenal Football Club. He also was vice-chairman of Hambros Bank. On 14 June 2013 Hill-Wood stepped down and was replaced as chairman of Arsenal by Chip Keswick. On 28 December 2018, Hill-Wood died in London, aged 82. Robert Costanzo Robert Jason Costanzo (born October 20, 1942) is an American actor. He was born in New York City. He is known as the voice double for Danny DeVito. His first role was in the 1975 movie "Dog Day Afternoon". He is also known for his voice role of Detective Harvey Bullock on ', ', "The New Batman Adventures" and "Static Shock" His movie roles include "Total Recall", "Die Hard 2", "Dick Tracy", "City Slickers", and "Down and Derby". His television roles include in "Boston Legal", "Hannah Montana", "Friends", "Days of Our Lives", "The Golden Girls" and as Commissioner Stenchler in the Sega CD game "Sewer Shark". Brenda Vaccaro Brenda Buell Vaccaro (born November 18, 1939) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in "Midnight Cowboy", "Once Is Not Enough", "Airport '77", "Capricorn One", "The Pride of Jesse Hallam", "Supergirl", "The Mirror Has Two Faces", "Heart of Midnight", and in "Zorro, The Gay Blade". She received one Academy Award nomination, three Golden Globe Award nominations (winning one), four Primetime Emmy Award nominations (winning one), and three Tony Award nominations. Her best known stage roles were in "The Affair" (1962), "Cactus Flower" (1965), "How Now, Dow Jones" (1967), "The Goodbye People" (1968), the female version of "The Odd Couple", (1985), and "Jake's Women" (1992). Bird Box (movie) Bird Box is a 2018 American horror thriller movie. It was directed by Susanne Bier. The movie is based on a novel of the same name by Josh Malerman. The movie is about a woman, played by Sandra Bullock. Together with other people she hides from supernatural creatures. If a human sees such a creature, he kills himself. Later the woman must make it through a forest and river. She has a pair of children with her. Most of the time they are blindfolded to avoid the sight of the creatures. Other actors in the movie are Trevante Rhodes, Jacki Weaver, Rosa Salazar, Danielle Macdonald, Lil Rel Howery, Tom Hollander, BD Wong, Sarah Paulson, Colson Baker and John Malkovich. "Bird Box" had its world premiere at AFI Fest on November 12, 2018. The movie began a limited release on December 14. Starting December 21, 2018 the movie was streamed worldwide on Netflix. Jason Wiles Jason Austin Wiles (born April 25, 1970) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in the television series, such as Colin Robbins in "Beverly Hills, 90210" and as Maurice Boscorelli in "Third Watch". He was born in Kansas City, Missouri. Clay County, Missouri Clay County is a county in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the county had a population of 221,939, making it the fifth-most populous county in Missouri. The county seat is Liberty. It was founded on January 2, 1822. Gitega Gitega is the capital of Burundi. It is also the second-largest city. Gitega is east of Burundi's largest city, Bujumbura. It is also the capital and largest city of Gitega Province. History. On 29 April 1972, the king Ntare V was killed in Gitega. In March 2007, the President of Burundi Pierre Nkurunziza said that Burundi was going to bring back its capital to Gitega, saying that it is a better location for a capital than Bujumbura. The Ant Bully The Ant Bully is a 2006 American computer-animated adventure fantasy comedy movie written, edited and directed by Rich Moore And Eric Darnell And Executive Produced For BBC By: Mike Mitchell, Steven Spielberg, Joe Johnston, James Cameron, Kathleen Branagh And Andrew Stanton based on the 1999 children's book of the same name by John Nickle. And Original Developments Illumination Entertainment, Blue Sky Studios, Sony Pictures Animation And Blizzard Entertainment Original Scoring By: James Newton Howard And Chris Bacon Orchestratral And Scoring Conducted By: Pete Anthony And Gavin Greenaway Recorded By: Nick Wollage And Shawn Murthy AT EMI Abbey Road And AIR Lyndhurst Hall, London UK It features the voices of Zach Tyler Eisen, Julia Roberts, Nicolas Cage, Meryl Streep and Paul Giamatti, was produced by Tom Hanks and Gary Goetzman's Playtone, John A. Davis and Keith Alcorn's DNA Productions, and was released in theatres on July 28, 2006, by Warner Bros. and Legendary Pictures. Concurrently with the general release, it was offered in big screen IMAX 3D, the format, also used with "Blended". Tripureswar Tripureshwar is a village in Dhading District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2707 and had 497 houses in it. The biggest river of the district, Netrawati river passes from this village. Yakovlev Yak-18 Yakovlev Yak-18 (Russian: Яковлев Як-18; NATO reporting name: Max) is a Soviet 2-seat military fighter designed by Yakovlev. Yakovlev Yakovlev is a Russian aircraft company. It is headquartered in Aeroport District, Northern Administrative Okrug, Moscow. Kelly Burnett James Kelvin "Kelly" Burnett (June 16, 1926 – December 22, 2018) was a Canadian ice hockey centre. He played in the NHL for the New York Rangers. He was born in Lachine, Quebec. Burnett died on December 22, 2018 in Halifax, Nova Scotia at the age of 92. Børge Ring Børge Ring (17 February 1921 – 27 December 2018) was a Danish screenwriter, director and animator. His 1978 short movie "Oh My Darling" won the Best Short Film award at the 1978 Cannes Film Festival, and his 1984 short movie "Anna & Bella" won the Best Animated Short Film award at the Academy Awards. Ring died on 28 December 2018 in Ravenstein, Netherlands at the age of 97. Mohammed Nadir Shah Muhammad Nadir Shah (, – born Muhammad Nadir Khan; 9 April 1883 – 8 November 1933) was King of Afghanistan from 15 October 1929 until his assassination in November 1933. Previously, he served as Minister of War, Afghan Ambassador to France, and as a general in the military of Afghanistan. He and his son Muhammad Zahir Shah, who succeeded him, are part of the Musahiban. Penny (United States coin) The United States one-cent coin, also called the penny, is a unit of currency. It equals one one hundredth of a United States dollar. The cent's symbol is ¢. Its front has shown the profile of President Abraham Lincoln since 1909, 100 years after his birth. Its back has shown the Union Shield since 2010. The official name for this coin from the United States Mint is "cent". Dietrich von Choltitz Dietrich Hugo Hermann von Choltitz (9 November 1894 – 5 November 1966) was an officer of the German Army in World War II. Choltitz was born in Gräflich Wiese (now Łąka Prudnicka) next to Neustadt (now Prudnik). He participated in occupation of Sudetenland in 1938 and in the invasion of Poland in 1939. On 7 August 1944 he became the military governor of Paris. On 25 August he surrendered Paris to the Allies. He has been called the "Saviour of Paris" because he prevented its destruction. Choltitz said he defied Hitler's direct order for its destruction because it was militarily useless. Other reasons were his affection for Parisian history and culture, and his belief that Hitler had become insane. Choltitz died on 5 November 1966 in Baden-Baden. Mary Poppins Returns Mary Poppins Returns is a 2018 fantasy musical comedy-drama movie. It is a sequel to the 1964 award-winning movie "Mary Poppins". Like the first movie, it is also based on the book series of the same name by P. L. Travers. Plot. In 1935 London, England, Michael Banks lives in his childhood home. He lives with his children Annabel, John and Georgie. His wife Kate died a year ago. For that reason, Ellen and Jane are helping him raise the children. However, Michael has taken out a loan from the Fidelity Fiduciary Bank to cover his expenses. William Weatherall Wilkins sends his partners to warn Michael that his house will be taken from him if he doesn't repay the loan by Friday. Michael and Jane remember their father left them shares in the bank that can cover the loan. They search the house for the certificate proving their ownership of the shares. During the search, Michael finds a kite. But there's no worth in it anymore, so he puts it out to give away. While out in the park with Annabel and John, Georgie finds the kite and tries flying it. He ends up being pulled into the sky. He then comes down with Mary Poppins. She decides to take care of the three children as their nanny. She starts off by drawing them a bath. The bath leads down to an oceanic world. Mary Poppins denies anything in fantasy happened. Michael goes to the bank to see if he can find proof of his shares. Wilkins, though, denies there are any records of them. Right after Michael leaves, Wilkins tears the record from the official book and burns it in the fireplace. That evening, Annabel and John decide to sell their mother's "priceless" bowl to pay off the debt. But Georgie tries to stop them. The bowl ends up damaged because of the three fighting over it. The next day, Mary Poppins and the children go and see Topsy so they can get the bowl fixed. But they find out that the bowl isn't worth much. They then head to the bank to give Michael his briefcase. When the children go to Wilkins' office to ask him for help, however, they learn he is planning to take away their house. Georgie interrupts the banker's meeting after seeing parallels between Wilkins, his associates and an animal gang who kidnapped him. When Michael arrives, he doesn't believe the children, and gets angry at them for putting the home and his job at risk. Mary Poppins takes the children home. They are guided by Jack and his fellow lamplighters. The Banks family get ready to move out of their house. But as he looks at his old kite, Michael realizes that Georgie use parts of the shares certificate to cover the kite's holes. Michael and Jane head to the bank. Mary Poppins and the children go with Jack and the lamplighters to Big Ben to "turn back time". After scaling the clock tower, Jack and Mary turn Big Ben back five minutes. That gives Michael and Jane enough time to reach the bank. Michael and Jane reach the bank in time, though they're not successful in getting their shares because they do not have the part with the signatures on the certificates. But then, Mr. Dawes Jr. comes and expels Wilkins from the bank for corrupt practices. The next day, the Banks family go to the park. They buy balloons that take them into the air. They're joined by Jack and many others, including Wilkins. But Wilkins' balloon falls to the ground. When they return home, Mary Poppins realizes it is time for her to go. Michael and Jane thank Mary as she flies back into the sky. Reception. Box office. As of December 30, 2018, "Mary Poppins Returns" has made $98.9 million in the United States and Canada. It made another $74.4 million in other territories. The total intake across the world was $173.3 million. Critical response. Rotten Tomatoes gives the movie a 78% rating, based on 265 reviews. On the Metacritic, the movie has a 65 out of 100 rating, with 53 critics, meaning "generally favorable reviews". Schlierbach, Haut-Rhin Schlierbach is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. Schlierbach Schlierbach can mean: Schweighouse-Thann Schweighouse-Thann is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. Schwoben Schwoben is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. Sentheim Sentheim is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. Spechbach, Haut-Rhin Spechbach is a new commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. Two communes Spechbach-le-Haut and Spechbach-le-Bas joined and became Spechbach on 1 January 2016. Spechbach-le-Haut Spechbach-le-Haut was a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. On 1 January 2016, it became part of the new commune Spechbach. Spechbach-le-Bas Spechbach-le-Bas was a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. On 1 January 2016, it became part of the new commune Spechbach. Seppois-le-Bas Seppois-le-Bas is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. Seppois-le-Haut Seppois-le-Haut is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. Sewen Sewen is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. Sickert, Haut-Rhin Sickert is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. Sierentz Sierentz is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. It is halfway between Mulhouse and Basel. Steinbach, Haut-Rhin Steinbach is a communeis a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. Soppe-le-Bas Soppe-le-Bas is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. Zimmerbach Zimmerbach is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. Dierks, Arkansas Dierks is a city in the US state of Arkansas. De Graff, Minnesota De Graff is a city in the U.S. state of Minnesota. Peter Popoff Peter Popoff (born July 2, 1946) is a German-born/American televangelist. He was exposed in 1986 for using an earpiece to receive radio messages from his wife Elizabeth. She gave him the names, addresses and ailments of members of the audience during Popoff-led religious services. Popoff falsely said God revealed the information to him so he could cure them by faith healing. Popoff went bankrupt in 1987. But he made a comeback in the late 1990s. Beginning around the mid-2000s, he bought television time to promote "Miracle Spring Water" on late-night infomercials. He referred to himself as a prophet. The "Business Insider" said: "No matter how many times his claims are debunked, he seems to bounce back with another version of the same old scam." Popoff was born in West Berlin, Germany. He was raised in California. Yakovlev Yak-1 Yakovlev Yak-1 (Russian: Яковлев Як-1) was a Soviet WWII 1-seat fighter produced by Yakovlev. Yakovlev Yak-7 Yakovlev Yak-7 (Russian: Яковлев Як-7) was a Soviet WWII 1-seat fighter developed by Yakovlev Yakovlev Yak-52 Yakovlev Yak-52 (Russian: Яковлев Як-52) is a Soviet 2-seat trainer aircraft designed by Yakovlev. Lawrence Roberts Lawrence G. Roberts (December 21, 1937 – December 26, 2018) was an American scientist. He won the Draper Prize in 2001 "for the development of the Internet", and the Principe de Asturias Award in 2002. Roberts created the ARPANET using packet switching techniques invented by British computer scientist Donald Davies. The ARPANET was a forerunner to the modern Internet. Elsa Bruckmann Elsa Bruckmann (23 February 1865 – 7 June 1946), born Princess Cantacuzene of Romania, was the wife of Hugo Bruckmann and tutor of Adolf Hitler. She held the "Salon Bruckmann". Tupolev Tu-16 Tupolev Tu-16 (Russian: Туполев Ту-16; NATO reporting name: Badger) was a Soviet twin-engine heavy bomber designed by Tupolev. It has stayed in service for almost 70 years, and the Xian H-6, which is based on the Tu-16, is still flying today with the People's Liberation Army. Tupolev Tu-14 Tupolev Tu-14 (Russian: Туполев Ту-14; NATO reprting name: Bosun) was a Soviet twin-engine light bomber designed by Tupolev. Polikarpov Po-2 Polikarpov Po-2 (Russian: Поликарпов По-2; NATO reporting name: Mule) was a Soviet 2-seat utility plane designed by Polikarpov. Antonov An-8 Antonov An-8 (Russian: Антонов Ан-8; NATO reporting name: Camp) was a Soviet twin-turboprop, high-wing aircraft designed by Antonov. Cooking Papa is "seinen" manga series created by Tochi Ueyama. The story is about a salaryman who can cook well. The manga won a Special Award at the 39th Kodansha Manga Awards. Full recipes for the dishes shown in each chapter are provided at the end of the chapter. The anime of "Cooking Papa" was aired on TV Asahi Thursday every week from April 9, 1992 to May 25, 1995. It was produced by Eiken and directed by Tochi Ueyama. The anime series ran for 151 episodes. It was also aired in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Thailand, and Middle East. Kiwano Kiwano ("Cucumis metuliferus"), also known as horned melon, is a sweet tropical fruit. It is an annual vine in the cucumber and melon family, "Cucurbitaceae". It is also called "horned melon" since its fruit has horn-like spines. Ripe fruit has orange skin and lime green, jelly-like flesh. Kiwano is native to Sub-Saharan Africa. It is now grown in the United States, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Chile, Australia, and New Zealand. Kiwano is a traditional food plant in Africa. Along with the Gemsbok cucumber ("Acanthosicyos naudinianus") and Tsamma ("Citron melon"), it is one of the few sources of water during the dry season in the Kalahari Desert. In northern Zimbabwe, it is called "gaka" or "gakachika". There it is primarily used as a snack or salad, and rarely for decoration. A.I. Artificial Intelligence A.I. Artificial Intelligence, or A.I., is a 2001 American science fiction drama movie directed by Steven Spielberg. The screenplay was by Spielberg based on the 1969 short story "Supertoys Last All Summer Long" by Brian Aldiss. The movie was produced by Kathleen Kennedy, Spielberg and Bonnie Curtis. It stars Haley Joel Osment, Jude Law, Frances O'Connor, Brendan Gleeson and William Hurt. It is set in a futuristic post-climate change society. "A.I." tells the story of David (Osment), a childlike android uniquely programmed with the ability to love. Plot. The film takes place in the 22nd century with the effects of climate change changing the world. Henry and Monica are a couple whose child Martin is very sick and remains in a state of motionlessness (suspended animation). The couple acquires David, a robot capable of loving, to replace Martin. Martin gets better and returns. He becomes jealous of David. Martin tries to get David to do dangerous things that may hurt others. At a party, David tries to protect Martin but ends up almost drowning David. David is to be returned and destroyed, but Monica lets David stay in the woods. David wishes to be turned into a real boy by the Blue Fairy. David gets captured by a "Flesh Fair" but gets out, because the people believe he is really human. David travels with Joe. He eventually arrives in New York and meets his creator. He sees that there are other robots like himself and wants to kill himself. He jumps in the ocean and encounters a statue he believes to be the Blue Fairy. Centuries later, humans are extinct, and other species find David and revive him. David wishes to become a boy. Instead, they use the genes of Monica's hair to recreate her so that David can live one more day with her. Hachimaki A hachimaki (鉢巻, "helmet scarf") is a headband with styles that came from Japan. They are usually made from red and white cloth. People wear them to show hard work, or to keep sweat from the eyes. History. Nobody is sure how hachimaki started. Most people say that Samurai wore them under their helmets for comfort. Kamikaze pilots wore them before flying to their deaths. Styles. Hachimaki are normally decorated with words, such as "Nippon Ichi" (日本一, "the best of Japan"), and with the rising sun between the kanji characters. Sembawang MRT station Sembawang MRT station (NS11) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North South Line in Sembawang, Singapore. The station is in the middle of two roads, Sembawang Way and Sembawang Alley. The station is next to a shopping mall Sun Plaza. A bus station called Sembawang Bus Interchange is also close to the station. History. When the North South Line is planned, there is a station called Sembawang. It is between two other stations - Yio Chu Kang and Yishun. The station is now named Khatib. In 1990, North South Line Woodlands Extension was planed. Sembawang was not part of this planned route. Later, the Singapore government agree to built this station . The station opened on 10 February 1996. The area around the station was not yet filled with anything. Only Canberra Road and a very small Sembawang New Town are located nearby. There are a lot of passengers who fell down into the tracks of the Station. Some passengers also go into the tracks illegally. In 2011, the Land Transport Authority started to build low doors and barriers around the tracks. They were completed in 2012. This station also have high-volume low-speed fans installed in 2012. Hard copy and soft copy The words "hard copy" and "soft copy" are about pages of words and pictures either recorded onto printed paper or in soft-copy form as shown and spoken in telephone or computer machine forms. Sometimes, a recording on a compact disc (CD) can be considered a hard copy of music, pictures or people talking. In the U.S.. In information handling, the U.S. Federal Standard 1037C (Glossary of Telecommunication Terms) defines a "hard copy" as a permanent reproduction, or copy, in the form of a physical object, of any media suitable for direct use by a person (in particular paper), of displayed or transmitted data. Examples of hard copy include teleprinter pages, continuous printed tapes, computer printouts, and radio photo prints. On the other hand, physical objects such as magnetic tapes, diskettes, or non-printed punched paper tapes are not defined as hard copy by 1037C. A file which can be viewed on a screen without printing it out is known as a "soft copy". The U.S. Federal Standard 1037C defines "soft copy" as "a nonpermanent display image, for example, a cathode ray tube display." Older meanings. The term "hard copy" predates the age of the digital computer. When making printed books and newspapers, hard copy refers to a manuscript or typewritten pages that have been edited and proofread and is ready for typesetting or being read on-air on the radio or television broadcast. This traditional meaning has been all but forgotten in the time of the information revolution. Héctor Timerman Héctor Marcos Timerman (16 December 1953 – 30 December 2018) was an Argentine journalist, politician, human rights activist and diplomat. He was the Minister of Foreign Relations from 2010 to 2015, during the presidency of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. He was born in Buenos Aires. Timerman died on 30 December 2018 in Buenos Aires from liver cancer at the age of 65. Yehoshua Glazer Yehoshua Glazer (29 December 1927 – 29 December 2018) was an Israeli footballer. He played for Maccabi Tel Aviv and for the Israel national football team his entire career. He was born in Tel Aviv. Glazer died on his 91st birthday on 29 December 2018 in Tel Aviv. Syed Jahangir Syed Jahangir (2 January 1935 – 29 December 2018) was a Bangladeshi painter. He painted for over 55 years including 9000 oils, watercolors and mixed medias. Through his career, Jahangir has held 35 solo and 1 group exhibition. Jahangir died on 29 December 2018 at the age of 83. Ringo Lam Ringo Lam Ling-Tung (, Cantonese: Lam Ling-tung; 1955 – 29 December 2018) was a Hong Kong director, producer, and screenwriter. His best known work was "Aces Go Places IV". Lam directed "City on Fire" in 1987, which led him to winning his first Hong Kong Film Award. On December 29, 2018, Lam was found dead at his home in Hong Kong, aged 63. Rosenda Monteros Rosenda Monteros (31 August 1935 – 29 December 2018) was a Mexican actress. She was born in Veracruz. She was best known for her role as Petra in "The Magnificent Seven". She also starred in "A Woman's Devotion" and "Tiara Tahiti". Monteros died in Mexico City on 29 December 2018 at the age of 83. Aldo Parisot Aldo Simoes Parisot (September 30, 1918 – December 29, 2018) was a Brazilian-born American cellist and cello teacher. He was first a member of the Juilliard School faculty. He was a music professor at the Yale School of Music for sixty years (1958 to July 2018), retiring at age 99. He was born in Natal, Brazil. Personal life. Parisot was married twice. His first marriage, to the former Ellen Lewis, produced three sons, one of whom is film director Aldo L. "Dean" Parisot. His second marriage, to the pianist Elizabeth Sawyer Parisot, lasted 52 years, until his death. Parisot died at his home in Guilford, Connecticut, on December 29, 2018, aged 100. Dick Helling Dick Helling (22 September 1950 – 30 December 2018) was a Dutch professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He was born in Zaandam, Netherlands. Helling began his career with Telstar, and also played for Ajax, before spending 8 seasons with Volendam, for whom he scored 48 goals in 218 games in all competitions. Helling died on 30 December 2018 from a stroke in The Hague, aged 68. Edgar Hilsenrath Edgar Hilsenrath (April 2, 1926 – December 30, 2018) was a German writer. He was born in Leipzig, Saxony, Germany. He was known for his works "Night", "The Nazi and the Barber", and "The Story of the Last Thought". Hilsenrath died in Berlin from complications of pneumonia on December 30, 2018 at the age of 92. István Seregély István Seregély (13 March 1931 – 31 December 2018) was a Hungarian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Eger from 5 June 1987 to 15 March 2007. He was born in Szombathely, Hungary. Seregély died on 31 December 2018 in a priest social home in Nyíregyháza, Hungary at the age of 87. Peter Thompson Peter Thompson (27 November 1942 – December 2018) was an English footballer. He was born in Carlisle, Cumbria. He made 560 appearances in the Football League playing for Preston North End, Liverpool and Bolton Wanderers. Thompson played as an outside left for the Liverpool team which had major successes in the 1960s. He was capped 16 times for England. On 31 December 2018, it was announced Thompson died at the age of 76. Antonov A-1 Antonov A-1 was a Soviet 1-seat glider designed by Antonov. John McCririck John McCririck (17 April 1940 – 5 July 2019) was an English television horse racing pundit, journalist and presenter. He began his career in journalism at "The Sporting Life", where he twice won at the British Press Awards. He joined the "Daily Star", but was later fired by the newspaper. During 1984 and 1985, horse racing moved from ITV to Channel 4 as "Channel 4 Racing". In early 2018, McCririck suffered from pneumonia, which caused a dramatic weight loss. He died on 5 July 2019 at a hospital in London at the age of 79. The cause of death was lung cancer. Jimmy Osmond James Arthur Osmond (born April 16, 1963) is an American singer, actor, and businessman. He is the youngest member of the sibling musical group the Osmonds. Osmond has had six gold records, one platinum record, and two gold albums. He was born in Canoga Park, California. He made his career debut in the "Andy Williams Show" in 1967. Personal life. On 27 December 2018, following his performance as Captain Hook in a Birmingham, England production, he was hospitalized after having a stroke. He is now in good health after full recovery. He had suffered a stroke in 2004. Antonov A-15 Antonov A-15 is a Soviet mid wing, V-tailed glider designed by Antonov. Bamberg, South Carolina Bamberg is a city in and the county seat of Bamberg County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 3,607 at the 2010 census. Vibrio vulnificus Vibrio vulnificus is a form of bacteria that can make people ill, as when eating bad clams or oysters, and more in people with a liver disease. "Vibrio vulnificus" is a species of Gram-negative, motile, curved rod-shaped (bacillus), pathogenic bacteria of the genus "Vibrio". Present in marine environments such as estuaries, brackish ponds, or coastal areas, "V. vulnificus" is related to 'V. cholerae', as a bacteria which can give people cholera. Infection with "V. vulnificus" leads to rapidly expanding cellulitis or sepsis. It was first isolated as a source of disease in 1976. The capsule, made of polysaccharides, is thought to protect against phagocytosis. The observed connection of the infection with liver disease (associated with increased serum iron) might be due to the capability of more virulent strains to capture iron bound to transferrin. Paul Neville (politician) Paul Christopher Neville (20 March 1940 – 1 January 2019) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the National Party. Neville was a member of the Australian House of Representatives from March 1993 to August 2013, representing the Division of Hinkler, Queensland. Neville died at a hospital in Bundaberg, Queensland on 1 January 2019 at the age of 78. Raymond Ramazani Baya Raymond Ramazani Baya (16 June 1943 – 1 January 2019) was a Congolese politician. He was the Foreign Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo under the transitional government following his appointment to that post on July 23, 2004. He left the office on February 6, 2007. Before, he was the Ambassador of Zaire to France from 1990 to 1996. Baya died on 1 January 2019 at a Paris hospital at the age of 75. Antonov A-11 Antonov A-11 is a single-seat, high performance, all-metal sailplane. They were built in the Soviet Union in the late 1950s, with 150 planes produced. Denmark, South Carolina Denmark is a town in Bamberg County, South Carolina in the United States. The population was 2,999 at the 2010 census. Lauren Tom Lauren Tom (born August 4, 1961) is an American actress. Her roles include Lena St. Clair in "The Joy Luck Club", Julie in the NBC sitcom "Friends", Dot in the final season of "Grace Under Fire", and the voices on "Futurama" as Amy Wong and on "King of the Hill" as Minh and Connie Souphanousinphone, also "The Powerpuff Girls" series voicing as numerous characters. William Gianelli William Gianelli (February 19, 1919 – March 30, 2020) was an American lawyer, engineer and politician. He was the United States Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civil Works) from 1981 to 1984 during the Ronald Reagan. Before this, Gianelli as head of the California Department of Water Resources. He was born in Stockton, California. Gianelli died on March 30, 2020 in Monterey, California at the age of 101. Stephen Wilkinson (musician) Stephen Wilkinson MBE (29 April 1919 – 10 August 2021) was an English choral conductor and composer. From 1947 to 1953, Wilkinson was director of the Hertfordshire Rural Music School at Hitchin. From 1953 to 1979 he was on the Music Staff of the BBC, first in Leeds, then from 1961 in Manchester. Wilkinson also performed with other professional choirs - the BBC Singers in London, the RTE Singers in Dublin and the Nederlands Kammerkoor. Wilkinson turned 100 in April 2019. He died on 10 August 2021, aged 102. Basil Yamey Basil S. Yamey, CBE (4 May 1919 – 9 November 2020) was a South African economist. He was born in Cape Town in South Africa. For many years he was a Professor at the London School of Economics. He was a part-time member of the Monopolies and Mergers Commission from 1966 to 1978. Yamey died on 9 November 2020 in Cape Town at the age of 101. June Spencer June Rosalind Spencer (born 14 June 1919) is an English actress. She is best known for her role in the BBC Radio 4 soap opera "The Archers" as Peggy Woolley. She was born in Nottingham, England. Mauro Cía Gualberto Mauro Cía Montañero (born 3 July 1919) is a retired Argentine boxer and actor. He was born in Buenos Aires. At the age of 29, when he was an assistant officer at the Argentine Federal Police. He was in the 1948 Summer Olympics held in London, United Kingdom in the light heavyweight classification. After a brief acting career in the boxing-themed movies "Su última pelea" (1949), "Diez segundos" (1949) and "Nace un campeón" (1952), Cía unsuccessfully attempted to qualify for the 1956 Summer Olympics Robert Morgenthau Robert Morris Morgenthau ( ; July 31, 1919 – July 21, 2019) was an American lawyer. From 1975 until his retirement in 2009, he was the District Attorney for New York County, the borough of Manhattan. He also was United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York throughout much of the 1960s on the appointment of John F. Kennedy. Morgenthau was the longest-serving district attorney in the history of the State of New York until 2018. Morgenthau died at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan on July 21, 2019 from a short-illness, ten days before his 100th birthday. Margaret Burbidge Eleanor Margaret Burbidge ("née" Peachey), FRS (August 12, 1919 – April 5, 2020) was a British-born American astrophysicist. She was known for her original research and holding many educational posts, including Director of the Royal Greenwich Observatory. During her career, she worked at the University of London Observatory, Yerkes Observatory of the University of Chicago, Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, England, the California Institute of Technology, and from 1979 to 1988 was first director of the Center for Astronomy and Space Sciences at the University of California San Diego, where she has worked since 1962. In 2003, Burbidge was added into the Women's Museum of California Hall of Fame honoring her career and achievements. Burbidge died on April 5, 2020 in San Francisco at the age of 100 after suffering a fall. Walter Bernstein Walter Bernstein (August 20, 1919 – January 23, 2021) an American screenwriter and movie producer. He was blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studios in the 1950s. He was born in Brooklyn, New York City. His first major work was screenwriting Sidney Lumet's "That Kind of Woman". He is known for his writing works "Paris Blues" (1961), "Fail-Safe" (1964), "The Magnificent Seven" (1960) and "The Train" (1964). Bernstein died on January 23, 2021 in New York City from pneumonia, aged 101. Gladys Davis (baseball) Gladys Davis [״Terrie״] (born September 1, 1919) is a Canadian shortstop and outfielder. She played in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League between the 1943 and 1946 seasons with the Rockford Peaches from Rockford, Illinois. Davis batted and threw right handed. She was born in Toronto, Ontario. Mario Bunge Mario Augusto Bunge (; ; 21 September 1919 – 24 February 2020) was an Argentine philosopher, philosopher of science and physicist. He was born in Buenos Aires. Bunge has written more than 400 papers and 80 books, notably his best known work "Treatise on Basic Philosophy" in 8 volumes (1974–1989). He is known for his work that involved the core of modern philosophy: semantics, ontology, epistemology, philosophy of science and ethics. He was a critic of the lack of democratic process in the United Nations. Edward L. Feightner Rear Admiral Edward Lewis "Whitey" Feightner (October 14, 1919 – April 1, 2020) was a United States Navy officer. He was known for his services in World War II Pacific Theater of Operations. During two combat tours, he shot down nine enemy aircraft to become a flying ace. He commanded two Navy ships, served as the head of Navy Fighter Design, and was a key contributor to fighter studies that resulted in the development of jet aircraft that are still in active service. Feightner was the only pilot to land the dash-1 variant of the Vought F7U Cutlass aboard a carrier. He led VF-11 to become the first Atlantic fleet unit in which every pilot received the coveted "E" award in a single exercise. He turned 100 in October 2019. Feightner died on April 1, 2020 in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho at the age of 100. Awards and Decorations. Feightner was awarded the following decorations for his military service. Alun Gwynne Jones, Baron Chalfont Alun Arthur Gwynne Jones, Baron Chalfont, (5 December 1919 – 10 January 2020) was a British politician. He was a retired British Army officer and historian. He was awarded the Efficiency Medal in October 1950. He was a minister in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office from 1964 to 1970 and appointed to the Privy Council in the former year. On 27 March 1967, in the House of Lords, Chalfont became the spokesman/figurehead for Harold Wilson. He was the author of several military history books on subjects including the Napoleonic Wars. He retired from the House of Lords on 10 November 2015. Jones died on 10 January 2020 at the age of 100. Bert J. Harris Jr. Bert J. Harris Jr. (December 9, 1919 – May 19, 2019) was an American politician. He was born in Warwick, Georgia. Harris Jr. was a member of the Democratic Party. He was in the Florida House of Representatives from 1982 to 1996 for district 77. Harris Jr. died on May 19, 2019 in Lake Placid, Florida at the age of 99. Warwick, Georgia Warwick is a city in Worth County, Georgia, United States. The population was 430 at the 2000 census. Warwick is located at (31.830351, -83.920705). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. Charles E. McGee Charles Edward McGee (December 7, 1919 − January 16, 2022) was an African-American fighter pilot. He was one of the Tuskegee Airmen and a career officer in the United States Air Force for 30 years who flew a total of 409 combat missions in World War II, Korea and Vietnam. McGee was born in Cleveland, Ohio. McGee died in his sleep on January 16, 2022 in Bethesda, Maryland, at the age of 102. Vasily Reshetnikov Vasily Vasiliyevich Reshetnikov () (born December 23, 1919) was a Soviet pilot during World War II. Reshetnikov flew 307 missions mainly as a pilot for a long-range bomber and in the summer of 1943. He was honored with Hero of the Soviet Union. He was Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force of the Soviet Union from 1980 to 1986. Pierre Soulages Pierre Soulages (; 24 December 1919 – 26 October 2022) was a French painter, engraver, and sculptor. He was born in Rodez, Aveyron. In 1979, Pierre Soulages was made a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. From 1987 to 1994, he created 104 stained glass windows for the Romanesque Abbey church Sainte-Foy in Conques (Aveyron, France). Soulages was the first living artist invited to exhibit at the state Hermitage Museum of St. Petersburg and later with the Tretyakov Gallery of Moscow (2001). In 2014, President François Hollande described him as "the world's greatest living artist." in 2015, he receives the Grand-croix de la Légion d'honneur. Soulages died on 26 October 2022 in Nîmes, France at the age of 102. Thomas W. Horton Thomas Welch Horton DSO, DFC and bar (born 29 December 1919), is a retired Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) officer, pilot, and combat veteran. He served with the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the Second World War. He was a member of No. 88 Squadron RAF and flew anti-ship missions in the Bristol Blenheim and Douglas Boston. After the war, Horton was commissioned with the Royal Air Force and commanded No. 203 Squadron RAF flying maritime patrol missions in the Neptune MR.1. Horton was on the United Kingdom's Air Ministry staff and as a liaison officer in the Pentagon to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Horton retired with the rank of wing commander in 1966. Kenneth O. Chilstrom Kenneth O. "K.O." Chilstrom (born April 20, 1921) is a retired United States Air Force officer, combat veteran, test pilot, and author. He was the first USAF pilot to fly the XP-86 Sabre, chief of fighter test at Wright Field, commandant of the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School, and program manager for the XF-108 Rapier. Chilstrom was a pilot in the first jet air race and delivered the first air mail by jet. He flew over eighty combat missions in the Italian Campaign of World War II. Zumbrota, Minnesota Zumbrota is a city in Goodhue County, Minnesota, United States, along the North Fork of the Zumbro River. The population was 3,252 at the 2010 census. Zumbro River The Zumbro River is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the Driftless Area of southeastern Minnesota in the United States. It is long from the confluence of its principal tributaries and drains a watershed of . The river's name in English is a change from its French name "Rivière des Embarras" (Embarrass River/Obstruction River) due to its mouth located near Pine Island in the Mississippi River. Folke Alnevik Arvid Folke Alnevik (31 December 1919 – 17 August 2020) was a Swedish sprinter. He was born in Arbrå, Sweden. He had his best results in the 4×400 metre relay, winning bronze medals at the 1946 European Championships and 1948 Summer Olympics, winning the bronze medal in both contests. Alnevik was a career military officer and retired with the rank of major. Between the 2018 Winter Olympics until his death, he held the status as the oldest living Olympic medalist. Alnevik died on 17 August 2020 in Gävle, Sweden at the age of 100. Antonov An-12 Antonov An-12 (Russian: Антонов Ан-12; NATO reporting name: Cub) is a Sofiet 4-engine turboprop transport aircraft designed by Antonov. Mob Psycho 100 is a Japanese webmanga created by ONE. It began publication on "Ura Sunday" on April 18, 2012, and ended on December 22, 2017. A Chinese translation started publication in Taiwan on April 16, 2014. It has been available online on Shogakukan's mobile app MangaONE since December 2014. Dark Horse Comics has licensed the series for English publication. An anime television series based on this manga produced by Bones. It was aired between July and September 2016. The English dub of the series was released by Funimation in December 2016. A second season of the anime series will air in January 7, 2019. In 2017, the manga won the 62nd Shogakukan Manga Award in the Shōnen category. Michael D. Griffin Michael Douglas Griffin (born November 1, 1949) is an American physicist and aerospace engineer. He was the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering. Before, he was Administrator of NASA from April 13, 2005, to January 20, 2009. In 2007 he was included in the TIME 100, the magazine's list of the 100 most influential people. Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters The Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters (SRBs) are the first-stagerockets made for Space Shuttle. The Space Launch System will also use them. They are the most powerful rocket motors ever flown. Each rocket generates 13,800 kilonewtons of thrust during the first two minutes of flight. Before the rocket reached orbit, the SRBs were released and fell into the Atlantic Ocean where they were towed back to shore for reuse. Aberdeen, Maryland Aberdeen is a city located in Harford County, Maryland. It is northeast of Baltimore. The population was 14,959 at the 2010 United States Census. Aberdeen is the largest city in Harford County. George S. Vest George Southall Vest (December 25, 1918 – August 24, 2021) was an American diplomat and State Department official who worked during the Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan presidencies. Personal life. Vest was born in Columbia, Virginia. He studied at the University of Virginia. He married Emily Clemons in 1947. She died in 2015. They had three children. Vest died on August 24, 2021 in Bethesda, Maryland from heart disease at the age of 102. Career. In 1954, Vest became the Canadian Desk officer at the United States Department of State in Washington, D.C.; he later was special assistant to the Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs. An ambassador, he was the United States Ambassador to the European Union. In 1974, President of the United States Richard Nixon nominated Vest as Assistant Secretary of State for Politico-Military Affairs. On April 7, 1977 President Jimmy Carter nominated Vest as United States Ambassador to Pakistan, but this nomination was withdrawn on May 5, 1977. Carter then nominated Vest as Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs and Vest held this office from June 16, 1977 until April 14, 1981. In 1981, President Ronald Reagan nominated Vest as United States Ambassador to the European Communities. He held this post until 1985, when Reagan named Vest Director General of the Foreign Service; he held this office from June 8, 1985 until May 3, 1989. Ninja (gamer) Richard Tyler Blevins (born June 5, 1991), more commonly known by his online alias Ninja, NinjasHyper, or Tyler Fortnite Ninja Blevins, is an American Twitch gamer and Internet personality. As of July 2019, he is the most followed streamer on Twitch with over fourteen million followers and an average of over 65,000 viewers per stream. He is known for playing "Fortnite" on livestreams. He was born in Detroit, Michigan, but raised in Chicago. He usually streams the game Fortnite and his competitive duo partner is Reverse2k, another pro player. Early life. Blevins's parents are of American Welsh descent. He was born as Richard Tyler Blevins. He went to Grayslake Central High School, where he played soccer, and was also a eager video game player. Since he graduated from college, he decided to play video games professionally. From here, he had began entering gaming tournaments, joining professional organizations, and live streaming his games. He formerly used Twitch to stream games, but later switched to Mixer. Due to the shutdown of Mixer in July 2020, Blevins no longer had to follow the promise to Twitch to only stream on their platform, which now allows him to stream on other platforms. On September 10, 2020, Blevins revealed that he will return to streaming on Twitch. Financial success. Ninja is one of the highest earning live streamers, earning millions of dollars per year from many different sources of income all connected to his twitch channel. After his huge success and increase in popularity he gained many profitable sponsorship deals, including one with the energy drink company Red Bull. Meadow Lane Meadow Lane is a stadium in Nottingham England that Nottinghamshire county football club uses. The stadium was created in 1910 and was the second stadium Nottinghamshire county played in. Black Cat (manga) is a Japanese manga series. It was written and illustrated by Kentaro Yabuki. It was published in "Weekly Shōnen Jump" magazine from July 2000 to June 2004. The story is about a man named Train Heartnet. A twenty-four episode anime series based on this manga was created by Gonzo studio. It was aired on Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS) channel from October 2005 to March 2006. The manga was licensed for English-language publication in North America by Viz Media and Madman Entertainment in Australasia. In Japan, the "Black Cat" manga sold over 12 million copies. In North America, some volumes have been featured in weekly top ten lists of best-selling manga. The anime has also been popular in both Japan and North America. Ariel Lin Ariel Lin, birth name Lin Yichen (; born 29 October 1982) is a Taiwanese actor and singer. Lin won Best Actress at the 43rd and 47th Golden Bell Awards. The awards are for her roles in "They Kiss Again" (2007) and "In Time with You" (2011). By March to April 2019, she has to change the nationality into Vietnamese and the residence will be located in Haiphong. Front crawl The front crawl (or simply 'crawl') is a type of swimming stroke. It is the fastest method of swimming. Therefore it is the usual choice in freestyle events. It is sometimes called the American or Australian crawl. Athletes from both continents played a part in its development. Windows NT 3.1 Windows NT 3.1 is an operating system by Microsoft released in 1993. It was the first Windows NT version and the Windows NT edition for Windows 3.1. It was preceded by Windows 3.1 and was succeded by Windows NT 3.5. It was available in two editions: Windows NT 3.1 Workstation, and Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server. Windows NT 3.5 Windows NT 3.5 is a Microsoft Windows server operating system released on September 21, 1994. It was preceded by Windows NT 3.1 and was succeded by Windows NT 3.51. It is part of the Windows NT family. It is the second Windows NT version. Edgefield, South Carolina Edgefield is a town of South Carolina in the United States. It is the county seat of Edgefield County. Bonneville County, Idaho Bonneville County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 104,234 people lived there, making it the fourth-most populous county in Idaho and the most populous in eastern Idaho. Its county seat and largest city is Idaho Falls. George West, Texas George West is a city of Texas in the United States. It is the county seat of Live Oak County. Panhandle, Texas Panhandle is a town in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Carson County. Geography. Panhandle has a total area of 2.1 square miles. Anahuac, Texas Anahuac is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Chambers County. Andrews, Texas Andrews is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Andrews County. Angleton, Texas Angleton is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Brazoria County. Wahlbach, Haut-Rhin Wahlbach () is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. Backstroke Backstroke is a swimming stroke where a person lies on his or her back. The first backstroke competition at the Olympics was at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. Lögberg Lögberg, also named Law Rock, is a rocky area south west Iceland. It is where the local law making body (Althing parliament) meets. In older days, the parliament meets at Þingvellir. Þingvellir was very easily accessible from the towns of the south west Ireland. The area landscape is very beautiful. The exact location of the Lögberg is unknown. In 1000 years, the geography of the rift valley changes a lot. Two possible locations have been identified in Þingvellir. One of them is a flat ledge on top of a slope named Hallurinn (currently marked by a flagpole). The other area is in the Almannagjá fault against a rock wall. There is a proposal to make a place in the Hestagjá ravine the most idea location. The Lögberg was the place on which the Lawspeaker (lögsögumaður) took office as the chief official of Althing. Speeches and announcements were made from the spot. Anyone attending could make their speech from the Lögberg. The parliament also starts and ends their gathering at the location. The Lögberg serves as the location for the parliament since 930 A.D. It was no longer used after 1262 A.D. In 1962, Iceland was controlled by Norway. Creativity (religion) Creativity is an atheistic religion for white people formed by Ben Klassen in 1973 with his book "Nature's Eternal Religion". Many consider the religion to be a hate group because they hate black people and Jews. They claim it is a law of Nature for the continuation of the different races and species. They also believe white people are worth more than the other races. The Story of Pollyanna, Girl of Love is a Japanese anime series by Nippon Animation. It is a part of the World Masterpiece Theater series. It consists of 51 episodes. It was aired on Fuji TV between January 12 and December 28, 1986. Animax ran the show again across Japan from February 2007. It was based on the 1913 novel "Pollyanna" and 1915 sequel "Pollyanna Grows Up" by Eleanor H. Porter. Wang Yang Wang Yang (Chinese: 汪洋; born 12 March 1955) is a Chinese politician serving as a 9th Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference since 2018. Space Shuttle Buran Space Shuttle Buran (OK-1K1) was the first space shuttle run by Soviet Union. It flew one unmanned flight before being retired and was destroyed in a hangar collapse in 2002. History. The Buran was created in 1984. The first flight was an uncrewed orbital flight on November 15, 1988. There was also a plan for second flight of Buran. However, it never took place due to dissolution of Soviet Union. On May 12, 2002, the hangar where was stored the shuttle, was collapsed due to poor maintenance. The collapse not only killed the eight workers, it completely destroyed the shuttle and the rocket. Bob Einstein Stewart Robert "Bob" Einstein (November 20, 1942 – January 2, 2019) was an American actor, comedy writer and producer. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He was best known for creating and performing the satirical stuntman character Super Dave Osborne. Einstein was also known for his roles as Marty Funkhouser in "Curb Your Enthusiasm" and Larry Middleman on "Arrested Development". His younger brother was actor Albert Brooks. Einstein died on January 2, 2019 from leukemia in Indian Wells, California at the age of 76. Robbinsdale, Minnesota Robbinsdale is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 13,953 at the 2010 census. Dagfinn Bakke Dagfinn Bakke (16 August 1933 — 1 January 2019) was a Norwegian painter, illustrator and graphical artist. He was born in Lødingen, Norway. From 1952 he worked as illustrator for the magazine "Magasinet For Alle", and from 1956 to 1992 for the newspaper "Lofotposten". The National Gallery of Norway has some of his art. Bakke died on 1 January 2019 in Oslo at the age of 85. Ivan Dimitrov Ivan Milanov Dimitrov (; 14 May 1935 – 1 January 2019) was a Bulgarian footballer. He was born in Sofia, Bulgaria. He played as a defender for the Bulgarian national team. At club level, he made 340 appearances in the Bulgarian League, playing for Stroitel Sofia, Torpedo Sofia, Zavod 12 Sofia, Lokomotiv Sofia, Spartak Sofia and Akademik Sofia. Dimitrov died in Sofia on 1 January 2019 at the age of 83. Satpura Range Satpura Range is one of the most prominent mountain ranges in India. It is spread like that, on it's south Tapi river and on it's north large Narmada river is flowing, it generally spread most part from eastern in Madhya Pradesh and towards western Nandurbar district in Maharashtra. It also rich in biodiversity and generally consists of indigenous tribes. Toranmal hill station is most prominent in Satpuras. Its altitude higher in west and gently slope eastwards. Kris Kelmi Kris Kelmi (real name Anatoli Arievich Kelmi (; 21 April 1955 – 1 January 2019) was a Soviet and Russian rock and pop musician and composer. He was a member of the musical groups "Leap Summer" and "Autograph". His most well-known songs: "Night Rendezvous", "", and "Tired Taxi". Kelmi was born in Moscow. He died on 1 January 2019 from cardiac arrest caused by alcoholism at his home in Moscow Oblast at the age of 63. Pegi Young Margaret "Pegi" Young (née Morton; December 1, 1952 – January 1, 2019) was an American singer-songwriter, environmentalist, educator and philanthropist. Her last two albums were: "Foul Deeds" (2010), and "Bracing for Impact" (2011). She toured and performed with her band The Survivors, which includes Spooner Oldham on piano, Rick Rosas on bass, Kelvin Holly on guitar and drummer Phil Jones. From 1978 to 2014, Young was married to Neil Young. They had two children. Young died of cancer on January 1, 2019 in Mountain View, California, aged 66. Jerzy Turonek Jerzy Turonek (, April 26, 1929 – January 2, 2019) was a Polish-Belarusian historian. He was born in Dukszty, Poland. Turonek began his active historical researches into the Belarusian national movement of the early 20th century, Polish-Belarusian relations in the 20th century, and the history of the Roman Catholic Church. In 1986 he became Doctor of History. Turonek was the author of monograph "Białoruś pod okupacją niemiecką" (Belarus under the German occupation) published in 1993 by Książka i Wiedza. Turonek died on January 2, 2019 at the age of 89. Robert Hogan Robert Joseph Hogan (September 28, 1933 – May 27, 2021) was an American actor. He was born in New York City. Hogan was known for his roles in "Alice", "Another World", "As the World Turns", "Days of Our Lives", "Deadline", "General Hospital", "Law & Order", "Murder, She Wrote", "One Life to Live", "Operation Petticoat", "Peyton Place", and "The Wire". The character of Colonel Robert Hogan on "Hogan's Heroes" (played by Bob Crane) was named after him. In 2013, Hogan was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. He died on May 27, 2021 at his home in Maine from problems caused by pneumonia, aged 87. Michael Yeung Michael Yeung Ming-cheung (, 1 December 1945 – 3 January 2019) was a Chinese Roman Catholic official. He was the 9th Bishop of Hong Kong from 2017 until his death in 2019. He was born in Shanghai, China. On 11 July 2014, Pope Francis appointed him Titular Bishop of Mons in Numidia and named him one of three Auxiliary Bishops of Hong Kong. Yeung died of liver failure caused by cirrhosis in Hong Kong on 3 January 2019 at the age of 73. Paulien van Deutekom Paulien van Deutekom (4 February 1981 – 2 January 2019) was a Dutch former champion speed skater. She was in the middle long distances, over 1000 and 1500 metres. She was born in The Hague. At the 1500 metres distance she finished in second position and qualified for the 2006 Winter Olympics. In March 2008 Van Deutekom finished second at the World Single Distance Championships in Nagano on the 1500 meters and the 3000 meters. In March 2012 Van Deutekom announced after the 1500 meter event at the World Cup in Heerenveen that she was ending her skating career. On 2 January 2019, Van Deutekom died from lung cancer in The Hague, aged 37. Nordstrom Nordstrom Inc. () is an American chain of luxury department stores. It also operates in Canada and headquartered in Seattle, Washington. It was founded in 1901 by Swedish American John W. Nordstrom and Carl F. Wallin. Nordstrom has 380 stores operating in 40 US states, Puerto Rico and Canada. The company began as a shoe retailer and expanded its inventory to include clothing, accessories, handbags, jewelry, cosmetics, and fragrances. Some Nordstrom stores also include wedding and home furnishings departments. The company also has in-house cafes, restaurants and espresso bars. Emperor Gaozong of Tang Emperor Gaozong of Tang (21 July 628 – 27 December 683) was the ninth son of Emperor Taizong of Tang and the third emperor of the Tang Dynasty. He was famous for marrying Wu Zetian, who later became the first and only female emperor in China. Many historians viewed Gaozong as a weak ruler, because he was always controlled by his wife Wu Zetian.However, during his rule,Tang Dynasty gained lots of land and had the largest territory. Ang Thong province Ang Thong () is one of the central provinces of Thailand, with population of 281,187 people in the area of . Mr. Box Office "Mr. Box Office" is an American syndicated sitcom that premiered on September 22, 2012. The series centers on Marcus Jackson (Bill Bellamy), a well-known movie actor who ends up in legal trouble due to a physical altercation with a paparazzo, leading to his sentence to teach a class of inner-city high school students in Los Angeles' infamous South Central neighborhood. The following is a list of episodes of the program, shown in order of its broadcast airdate. Jonathan Cohen (diplomat) Jonathan R. Cohen is an American diplomat. He was the acting United States Ambassador to the United Nations from January 1, 2019 to September 10, 2019, replacing Nikki Haley. Before, he was a Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs, from August 2016 to June 2018. Cohen was nominated by President Donald Trump in early 2018 to become United States Deputy Representative to the United Nations and was unanimously confirmed by the Senate on May 24, 2018. On April 11, 2019, President Trump nominated Cohen to be Ambassador of the United States to Egypt. References. Laguna Beach, California Laguna Beach is a city located in southern Orange County, California, in the United States. It is known for a mild year-round climate and ocean-side view. The population in the 2010 census was 22,723. Jim Clyburn James Enos Clyburn (; born July 21, 1940) is an American politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He is the U.S. Representative for since 1993, and the House Majority Whip since 2019. He was previously House Majority Whip from 2007 to 2011. Windows NT 6.x Windows NT 6.x is a family of Microsoft Windows NT, starting with Vista and ending with 8.1. So far, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and the first release of Windows 8 are the only operating systems to have support dropped completely. Versions. Windows 10 was released on July 29, 2015, and with it, Microsoft jumped to NT version 10.0. Japanese plum Japanese plum ("Prunus salicina"), also known as the Chinese plum, is a small deciduous tree native to China. It is now also grown in fruit orchards in Korea, Japan, the United States, and Australia. Kevin J. McIntyre Kevin J. McIntyre (December 27, 1960 – January 2, 2019) was an American attorney and government official. He was a member and Chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) from 2017 to 2018 during the Donald Trump administration. He was co-leader of the global energy practice at the law firm Jones Day. He was born in an air force base near Dover, Delaware. McIntyre died on January 2, 2019 from brain cancer in Arlington, Virginia at the age of 57. Bajo Hondo Train Station Bajo Hondo Train Station is a railway station, one of the two railway lines built by two different European companies running to the south of Buenos Aires Province it is located in the town of Bajo Hondo in Coronel Rosales Municipality. History. The history of this station/town is similar to the so many other towns of the country that were born with the passage of the Railway line. The station Bajo Hondo was opened to the public on January 1, 1910 by the "Compagnie de Chemins de Fer Rosario-Puerto Belgrano", a French company. Railway transport was the only means of transporting agricultural products and livestock of the time. The service did not last for long. Three years after, When the first World war started in 1914, the French company was affected way back home and could not continue financing the Railway project.The project went on but with services getting poorer since it was poorly funded. In 1948, the Government took over its management and divided into two. In 1991 the Government privatised it. The Northern part was operated by the General Mitre railway and the Southern by the General Roca Railways. In the 80's, part of the South Railway line was destroyed by the floods making it impossible to use. Part of the North Railway line is functioning to date (from Rosario Santa fe Province to Timote Train Station in Carlos Tejedor Municipality, Buenos Aires Province). Accident. On November 27 1930, in the morning hours, an Avro training aircraft (identified HE 2), belonging to the Naval Aviation School of Puerto Belgrano, was flying low near the Bajo Hondo station building of the Rosario - Puerto Belgrano Railway and its wings crashed into one of the chimneys of the building, destroyed the building and the Aircraft fell 50 meters away from the building being completely destroyed. In the accident, the two occupants of the aircraft died. Deb Haaland Debra Anne Haaland (born December 2, 1960) is an American politician. Haaland has been the 54th and current United States Secretary of the Interior since March 2021. She was the U.S. Representative for New Mexico's 1st congressional district from January 3, 2019 until March 16, 2021. She is a former Chair of the Democratic Party of New Mexico. She is one of the first two Native American women to be elected to Congress, alongside Sharice Davids, both in 2018. On December 17, 2020, President-elect Joe Biden nominated Haaland to serve as United States Secretary of the Interior in his cabinet. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 15, 2021 with a 51 to 40 vote. She is the first Native American Cabinet secretary in U.S. history. Sharice Davids Sharice Lynnette Davids (born May 22, 1980) is an American attorney, former mixed martial artist, and Democratic politician. She became the member of the United States House of Representatives for on January 3, 2019. Davids is the first Democrat from Kansas elected to Congress in a decade. Davids is the first openly LGBT Native American in the United States Congress, the first openly gay person elected to the United States Congress from Kansas, and one of the first two Native American women elected to Congress (along with Deb Haaland of New Mexico). Life and education. Davids was born on May 22, 1980 in Frankfurt, West Germany. Davids is a member of the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) people. She is a member of the Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin. She lives in Roeland Park. Davids went to Leavenworth High School, Haskell Indian Nations University, the University of Kansas, Johnson County Community College, and the University of Missouri–Kansas City. She graduated from the University of Missouri-Kansas City with a bachelor's degree in business administration in 2007. Davids got a Juris Doctor from Cornell Law School in 2010. Mixed martial arts career. Davids started competing in mixed martial arts (MMA) as an amateur in 2006. She became a professional in 2013. She had a 5–1 win–loss record as an amateur, and she had a 1–1 record as a professional. She tried out for "The Ultimate Fighter" but did not make it onto the show. After this, she stopped doing MMA, leading her to travel the U.S. and live on Native American reservations, where she would work with the communities on economic and community development programs. Legal career. Davids started her legal career at SNR Denton in 2010. In 2016, she was a White House Fellow in the Department of Transportation. This was during the change between the Barack Obama and Trump administrations. U.S. House of Representatives. Elections. In the 2018 election, Davids ran for the United States House of Representatives in Kansas's 3rd congressional district. In the August primary election, she defeated fellow Democrat Brent Welder (who was endorsed by Bernie Sanders). She won 37% of the vote; Welder won 34% of the vote. She faced incumbent Republican Kevin Yoder in the November 6, 2018 general election. Davids defeated Yoder. She and fellow Democrat Deb Haaland of New Mexico, a Laguna Pueblo, are the first Native American women in Congress. Sondernach Sondernach is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. As of 2019, it has a population of 598. Sondersdorf Sondersdorf is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. Soppe-le-Haut Soppe-le-Haut is a former commune in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Le Haut-Soultzbach. Soultzbach-les-Bains Soultzbach-les-Bains is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. Soultzeren Soultzeren is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. Urschenheim Urschenheim is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. Valdieu-Lutran Valdieu-Lutran is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. Werentzhouse Werentzhouse is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. Square dance Square dances are sequence dance for four couples in a square. Each couple faces the centre of the square. Square dances were first written about in 16th-century England, and were also common in France and throughout Europe. They came to North America with the European settlers. Square dances are a type of folk dance. Goaltender mask A goaltender mask, commonly referred to as a goalie mask or a hockey mask, is a mask by ice hockey. NHL goalies wear protective helmets, consisting of a hard back and main body, a front cage, and a plastic neck guard. These masks are decorated with unique, one of a kind graphics designed by a third party artist that in some way feature the teams logos and colors. Occasionally, goalies will wear themed masks; sometimes goalies will wear purple for their team's HFC night, or Camouflage for the team's Military Appreciation Night. Antonov An-124 The Antonov An-124 Ruslan (Ukrainian: Антонов Ан 124 "Руслан"; NATO reporting name: Condor) is a Soviet transport aircraft designed by the Ukrainian aircraft company Antonov. This is a smaller looking Antonov An-225 Mriya, which was based off this plane. There are currently 26 of them in service today. Zhang Gaoli Zhang Gaoli (Chinese: 张高丽; born November 1946) is a retired Chinese politician who served as 10th First Ranking Vice Premier from 2013 to 2018. Wu Bangguo Wu Bangguo (; born 12 July 1941) is a retired Chinese politician. He also was the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislative body from 2003 to 2013. Jia Qinglin Jia Qinglin (; born March 1940) is a retired Chinese politician who served as a 7th Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 2003 to 2013. Jia is an engineer by trade and he began his political career in Fujian distric in 1985. He gain popularity during the Yuanhua scandal. In 1996, he became a mayor and then party chief of Beijing. Jia was later included in the Politburo in 1997. He retired in 2013. Li Ruihuan Li Ruihuan (; born 17 September 1934) is a retired Chinese politician who served as a 6th Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 1993 to 2003. Li Xiannian Li Xiannian (; 23 June 1909 - 21 June 1992) was a Chinese politician. He was the 3rd President of the People's Republic of China from 18 June 1983 until 8 April 1988 and 5th Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference until his death. Yang Shangkun Yang Shangkun (; 3 August 1907 – 14 September 1998) was a Chinese politician. He was the 4th President of the People's Republic of China from 1988 to 1993. Malcolm E. Beard Malcolm Elmore Beard (February 21, 1919 – January 2, 2019) was an American politician. He was born in Moultrie, Georgia. A Republican from 1985 until his death. Before he was a Democrat. From 1978 to 1980, he was a member of the Florida House of Representatives. From 1980 to 1996, he was a member of the Florida Senate. Beard died on January 2, 2019, in Tampa, Florida at the age of 99. Moultrie, Georgia Moultrie is the county seat and largest city of Colquitt County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, Moultrie's population was 14,268. Jerry Buchek Gerald Peter Buchek (May 9, 1942 – January 2, 2019) was an American professional baseball player. He was an infielder over all or parts of seven Major League Baseball seasons (1961, 1963–1968) with the St. Louis Cardinals and New York Mets. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri. Buchek died on January 2, 2019 in Springfield, Missouri at the age of 76. Herb Kelleher Herbert David Kelleher (March 12, 1931 – January 3, 2019) was an American businessman. He was the co-founder, CEO, and Chairman Emeritus of Southwest Airlines. He was born in Camden, New Jersey. Kelleher died on January 3, 2019 in Dallas, Texas from prostate cancer at the age of 87. Emperor Ruizong of Tang Emperor Ruizong of Tang (22 June 662 – 13 July 716), personal name Li Dan, also known at times during his life as Li Xulun, Li Lun, Wu Lun, and Wu Dan, was the fifth and ninth emperor of Tang Dynasty. He was the sons of Emperor Gaozong and Wu Zetian. He was the brother of Emperor Zhongzong. He was the Emperor of Tang Dynasty for two times. Emperor Wen of Sui Emperor Wen of Sui (; 21 July 541 – 13 August 604), founded the Sui Dynasty (581–618 AD). Bajo Hondo Train Station (Roca Railway) "For the Rosario Railroad station to Puerto Belgrano, see Bajo Hondo Train Station." Bajo Hondo Train Station is a railway station, located in Bajo Hondo town, Coronel Rosales Municipality, in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Services. It is a small station of the branch belonging to the General Roca Railway, from the Tandil to the Bahía Blanca station. It does not provide passenger services. History. The station was founded in 1891 by the British capital company. Although it had been founded as the Buenos Aires Great Southern Railway (BAGS), it was almost immediately called the Ferrocarril del Sud. The Bajo Hondo station was one of the 504 active stations that the company had until its nationalization. During the presidency of General Juan Domingo Perón, that company was renamed General Roca Railroad until today. The date of inauguration of this station also doubles as the birth date of the Bajo hondo town. Since the privatizations of the state-owned company Ferrocarriles Argentinos in the 90's, the Bajo hondo train station stopped providing services to passengers. The station is currently inactive. The building at the station has a certain degree of deterioration, and is currently used as a private home. Paso Mayor Train Station Paso Mayor Train Station is a train station in the municipality of Coronel Rosales, in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. History. Its construction was completed on December 19. Constructed a French company known as: "Compagnie de Chemins de Fer Rosario-Puerto Belgrano". Paso Mayor is located approximately 40 kilometers from Bahía Blanca and owes its name to a pass through a River called "Sauce Grande" which the local people used to cross that River at the time when there was no bridge to cross the river. The station is one of those which were classified as "Prime stations" because of their provisions for more services than other stations. For example Paso Mayor provided services including but not limited to : Passengers, Telegraph, Cargo, Livestock... Originally, in this area there was a place combining both store and bar, locally known as "pulpería" which belonged to a man called Laporte. So the place was called "Pulpería de Laporte" meaning "Store and bar of Laporte" Because the same place offered Horse services, that is ; travellers could have their tired horses changed for Fresh ones, the same place at times was called "Posta" of Paso Mayor. ("Posta" is a place where travellers change their tired horses for Fresh ones). This place served as a place for rest and shopping centre for travellers and traders who came to buy Hides and Skins and Liquor (Gin). With the introduction of the Railway line, the "Posta" suffered a severe blow as Wagons and Carriages replaced Horses. The Pulperia became a tiny supermarket. The presence of the Railway line called for people to come and settle around the train station. As a result, the place became a busy small town. But following the withdrawal of the Railway services in the seventies(1970s), the people abandoned the place and until now, it is a ghost town. The station was never provided with electrical installation and the lighting was provided by wax candles or kerosene lamps.. The state of the buildings at the station in general is bad, has been vandalized several times. Close of Operations. The passage of this railway branch through sparsely populated areas, low productivity lands and the outbreak of the First World War in Europe, this French line will enter a chronic deficit that will pursue it until its last days. In 1977, the closure of a line section was ordered from the Bajo Hondo stations to Pringles (closing of the Paso Mayor station). In the 80 'it is in operation only until the station Timote by a great flood that destroyed kilometers of the tracks. Finally in the 90 'was awarded in its entirety to the company Ferroexpreso Pampeano S.A. that is still the concessionaire of said branch. Stammheim, Zurich Stammheim is a new municipality in Andelfingen in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019 the municipalities Oberstammheim, Unterstammheim and Waltalingen joined together to become new municipality Stammheim. Rheinwald, Switzerland Rheinwald is a new municipality in Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019 the municipalities Hinterrhein, Nufenen and Splügen joined to become the new municipality Rheinwald. Clay County, West Virginia Clay County is a county in the U.S. state of West Virginia. Clay County, Kansas Clay County (county code CY) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. As of the 2010 census, 8,535 people lived there. Its county seat and the city with the most people is Clay Center. History. On February 20, 1857, Clay County was created. It was named in honor of the famous American statesman Henry Clay. Clay was a member of the United States Senate from Kentucky and United States Secretary of State in the 19th century. Geography. The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (1.6%) is water. Major highways. Sources: National Atlas, U.S. Census Bureau Communities. Townships. Clay County is divided into eighteen townships. The city of Clay Center is considered "governmentally independent" and is not included from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size. Essex County, Vermont Essex County is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Vermont. As of the 2010 census, 6,306 people lived there, making it the least populous county in both Vermont and New England. Its shire town (county seat) is the municipality of Guildhall. Boundary County, Idaho Boundary County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 10,972 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Bonners Ferry. Lemhi County, Idaho Lemhi County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 7,936 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Salmon. Melbourne Beach, Florida Melbourne Beach is a town of Florida in the United States. South Bay Lakers The South Bay Lakers are an American professional basketball team of the NBA G League, based in Los Angeles. The team was founded in 2006 as the Los Angeles D-Fenders and is affiliated with the Los Angeles Lakers. Easier with Practice Easier with Practice is a 2009 American drama movie. The story of this movie is based on a 2006 "GQ" article which was written by Davy Rothbart. The movie was nominated for two Independent Spirit Awards, Best First Feature and Someone to Watch Awards. Plot. Davy Mitchell is a writer who is on tour to promote his unpublished short stories. He gets a random telephone call from a woman named Nicole. The stranger seduces him into an intense session of phone sex. That sparks an erotic and intimate relationship between them. The relationship is based entirely around the phone calls. Davy wants to make it work. He becomes frustrated when Nicole doesn't give out her phone number. He is fed up with her games. He wants to meet her in person. Development. "Easier with Practice" is an independent movie. It was distributed in the United States by Breaking Glass Pictures. In Canada, it was distributed by Mongrel Media. The movie was rated NC-17 by the Motion Picture Association of America. However, the rating was surrendered. The movie was released without an MPAA rating. Reception. "Easier with Practice" was first shown at the CineVegas Film Festival. It won the 2009 Grand Jury Prize. It got Best New International Feature at the Edinburgh International Film Festival. Rotten Tomatoes put the rating of the movie at 91%. This was based on 32 reviews. AllMovie gave it five stars in its reviews. Emperor Zhongzong of Tang Emperor Zhongzong of Tang (26 November 656 – 3 July 710) was the son of Emperor Gaozong of Tang and Wu Zetian and the brother of Emperor Ruizong of Tang. He was the Emperor of Tang Dynasty for two times. Blood Blockade Battlefront is a Japanese "shōnen" manga by Yasuhiro Nightow. The story takes place around a young photographer named Leonardo Watch. He gets 'the All Seeing Eyes of the Gods' at the cost of his sister's eyesight. Leonardo then moves to the city of Hellsalem's Lot. There he joins an organization known as Libra. The organization fights many monsters as well as terrorists. The manga has been published in the United States by Dark Horse Comics. An anime based on this manga by Bones premiered in early 2015. Funimation licensed the series for streaming in North America. A second season aired from October to December 2017. The series was sixth in the category "Sound" and fourth in the category "Theme Song" for "Sugar Song to Bitter Step" in the "Newtype" preliminary awards for 2015. Sonic, a monkey in the show, ranked first in the category "Best Mascot". Sergey Ilyushin Sergey Vladimirovich Ilyushin (Russian: Сергей Владимирович Ильюшин; 30 March 1894 - 9 February 1977) was a Soviet aircraft designer and founder of Ilyushin. Andrei Tupolev Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev (Russian: Андрей Николаевич Туполев; 10 November 1988 - 23 December 1972) was a Soviet aircraft designer and founder of Tupolev. Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov (; 8 June 1892 – 30 July 1944) was a Soviet aircraft designer and founder of Polikarpov. Pavel Sukhoi Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi (; , "Paviel Vosipavič Suchi"; 22 July 1895 – 15 September 1975) was a Soviet aircraft designer and founder of Sukhoi. Naniwa Kin'yūdō is a Japanese manga series by Yūji Aoki. It has been published in "Weekly Morning" since 1990. The series was given the 1992 Kodansha Manga Award for general manga. It also received the 1998 Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize Award for Excellence. Rage of Bahamut (anime) is a Japanese anime television series. It was produced by MAPPA. It is based on the "Rage of Bahamut" game. The series was directed by Keiichi Sato and written by Keiichi Hasegawa. The characters were designed by Naoyuki Onda and music was by Yoshihiro Ike. The first season, titled , aired between October 6, 2014 and December 29, 2014. It had 12 episodes. It has been licensed for streaming in North America by Funimation. The second season titled aired between April 7, 2017 and September 29, 2017. Paso Mayor Paso Mayor is a place located 40 km from Punta Alta and 50 km from the city of Bahía Blanca,in the municipality of Coronel Rosales, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. History. According to several historians, many hundred thousands years ago, at this place was the only point possible for both humans and animals to cross the Grande River. In the 19th century, when the measurements, plans and divisions of the area lands began to be made, the people began to call this pass "Paso del Mayor Iturra", meaning " The pass of Mayor Iturra". Iturra was the Mayor of that area at the time. Iturra used this pass while grazing his cows, and the people while referring to it, they could say " the pass that Mayor Iturra use" later became the "Pass of Mayor Iturra" and finally shortened to " Pass of the Mayor". To present date, that name still exists in the documents of the place. Today, that point of the River acts as the natural limit / boundary of the of two municipalities of Coronel Rosales and Coronel Pringles. From the history of the place we can mention the "Posta Paso Mayor" which was a place where travellers could have their tired horses changed for Fresh ones. This place was owned by one local man called Laporte. He also owned a "Pulperia" a kind of supermarket which majored in selling Hides and Skins as well as Liquor. This "Posta" and "Pulperia" with the arrival of the railroad were greatly affected, since the Wagons and Carriages replaced the Horses. and with transportation made easy, trading of Hides and Skins also moved to another level. The "Pulperia became a grocery store until it finally closed in the 30's. Although it is a place where today there are very few inhabitants, once in its golden age, it reached more than 200 inhabitants. currently it does not exceed 20 people (INDEC, 2010). Economy. It is predominantly agricultural being the optimal land for the cultivation of wheat, soy and sorghum in addition to the breeding of cattle and piggery. Personalities. Born on October 2, 1887 between the villages of Las Oscuras and Paso Mayor, Violet Jessop the "unsinkable" daughter of Irish parents is part of a group of settlers who founded the "English Colony of Sauce Grande" by the year 1868, which at that time belonged to Bahía Blanca, the place now belongs to the municipality of Coronel Rosales. After the death of her father in 1903 the whole family decided to go to London (Great Britain) where they could have more luck than they had lived here, in Argentina. In September 1910, she entered as a waitress the prestigious naval company "White Star Line" famous for being the owner of the most luxurious transatlantic ships of the time. Two years later she was part of the crew of the largest and most luxurious boat of the time the RMS "Titanic", which sank on the first trip. She was among the few survivors. With the outbreak of the Great War, another ship, the transatlantic HMHS "Britannic", Sister ship of the "Titanic", was put at the service of the British Navy as a hospital ship, Violet Jessop having done a nursing course, board the ship as one of the aid tours, but on November 21, 1916 the ship collided with a German mine and sunk in less than an hour. She was again rescued alive. She was in England when she retired, bought a small farm and was dedicated to raising animals. She always remembered her childhood and the land that saw her born, Argentina, as "My People". Sites of Interest. Within its limits you can find several sites of interest to highlight that make Paso Mayor a place to know and discover. Petra Petra (Arabic: البتراء, "Al-Batrāʾ"; Ancient Greek: Πέτρα) is a historical and archaeological city in southern Jordan. It is in a basin among the mountains that run from the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. History. Petra is believed to have been settled as early as 9,000 BC. It became the capital city of the Nabataean Kingdom. The Nabataeans were nomadic Arabs who used Petra because it was near the spice trade routes. The Nabataean Kingdom became a client state of the Roman Empire in the first century BC. In 106 AD they lost their independence. Petra's importance declined as sea trade routes developed. Also, the 363 earthquake destroyed many structures. The Byzantine Era led to the construction of several Christian churches, but the city continued to decline. By the early Islamic era only a handful of nomads lived in Petra. It stayed unknown to the world until it was rediscovered in 1812 by Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. UNESCO Status. Petra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985. UNESCO has described it as "one of the most precious cultural properties of man's cultural heritage". Petra is Jordan's most-visited tourist attraction. Tourist numbers peaked to half a million in the first quarter of 2019. Saraiki people The Saraikis (Saraiki: سرائیکی قوم), also known as Multanis, are an ethnic group in central and southeastern Pakistan, primarily southern Punjab. Their language is Saraiki. Chelmsley Wood Chelmsley Wood is a neighbourhood, civil parish and big housing estate of Birmingham in the Metropolitan Borough of Solihull, England. 12,453 people lived in it in 2013. It is near Birmingham Airport and the National Exhibition Centre. It is about east of Birmingham City Centre and north of Solihull town centre. History. Chelmsley Wood is a new area, which was built by Birmingham City Council in the late 1960s and early 1970s on very old woodland, once part of the Forest of Arden. Smithville, Arkansas Smithville is a town in the US state of Arkansas. Portia, Arkansas Portia is a town in the US state of Arkansas. Afton, Oklahoma Afton is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Corn, Oklahoma Corn is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Howey-in-the-Hills, Florida Howey-in-the-Hills is a town in Florida in the United States. Astatula, Florida Astatula is a town in Florida in the United States. Alford, Florida Alford is a town in Florida in the United States. Altha, Florida Altha is a town in Florida in the United States. Malone, Florida Malone is a town in Florida in the United States. Campbellton, Florida Campbellton is a town in Florida in the United States. Greenwood, Florida Greenwood is a town in Jackson County, Florida in the United States. As of the 2010 census, 686 people live in Greenwood. Butte County, Idaho Butte County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 2,891 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Arco. It was founded in 1917. Grand Isle County, Vermont Grand Isle County is a county in Vermont in the United States. At the 2010 census, 6,970 people lived there. Its shire town (county seat) is North Hero. Lamoille County, Vermont Lamoille County is a county in Vermont in the United States. At the 2010 census, 24,475 people lived there. Its shire town (county seat) is Hyde Park. Orange County, Vermont Orange County is a county of Vermont in the United States. At the 2010 census, 28,936 people lived there. Its shire town (county seat) is the town of Chelsea. It was created on 2 February 1781. Orleans County, Vermont Orleans County is a county in Vermont in the United States. At the 2010 census, 27,231 people lived there. Its shire town (county seat) is the city of Newport. Washington County, Vermont Washington County is a county in Vermont in the United States. At the 2010 census, 59,534 people lived there. Its shire town (county seat) is the city of Montpelier, the least populous state capital in the United States. Windham County, Vermont Windham County is a county in Vermont in the United States. At the 2010 census, 44,513 people lived there. Its shire town (county seat) is Newfane. Windsor County, Vermont Windsor County is a county in Vermont in the United States. At the 2010 census, 56,670 people lived there. Its shire town (county seat) is the town of Woodstock, and largest municipality is the town of Hartford. Mil Mi-10 Mil Mi-10 (Russian: Мил Ми-8; NATO reporting name: Harke) is a Soviet military transport helicopter prodiced by Mil. Mil Mi-6 Mil Mi-6 (Russian: Мил Ми-6; NATO reporting name: Hook) was a Soviet heavy transport helicopter designed by Mil. Mikhail Mil Mikhail Leontyevich Mil (; 22 November 1909 – 31 January 1970) was a Soviet helicopter designer and founder of Mil. Serik Akhmetov Serik Nyghmetuly Akhmetov (; born 25 June 1958) is a Kazakh politician. He was the 8th Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 24 September 2012 to 2 April 2014 and served as the Minister of Defense from 2 April to 22 October 2014. Daniyal Akhmetov Daniyal Kenzhetayuly Akhmetov (; born 15 June 1954) is a Kazakh politician who was the 6th Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 13 June 2003 to 9 January 2007. Karim Masimov Karim Qajymqanuly Masimov (; born 15 June 1965) is a Kazakh politician. He served as Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 10 January 2007 to 24 September 2012 and again from 2 April 2014 to 8 September 2016. Boulder City, Nevada Boulder City is a city in Clark County, Nevada. It is about southeast of Las Vegas. As of the 2010 census, the population of Boulder City was 15,023. Ely, Nevada Ely (, ) is the largest city and county seat of White Pine County, Nevada, United States. Ely was founded as a stagecoach station along the Pony Express and Central Overland Route. As of the 2010 census, the population was 4,255. Lars Hindmar Lars Erik Hindmar (born "Karlsson"; 11 December 1921 – 21 December 2018) was a Swedish racewalker. He competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics in the 10 km and at the 1956 Summer Olympics in the 20 km event, but was disqualified in both cases. He was born in Borås, Sweden. Rosalyn Terborg-Penn Rosalyn Terborg-Penn (October 22, 1941 – December 25, 2018) was an American professor of history and author. Terborg-Penn focused in African-American history and black women's history. Her book "African American Women in the Struggle for the Vote, 1850-1920" was an importan work that recovered the histories of black women in the women's suffrage movement in the United States. She was faculty member of Morgan State University. Terborg-Penn died on December 25, 2018 in Columbia, Maryland, aged 77. Peter Swinnerton-Dyer Peter Swinnerton-Dyer was Sir Henry Peter Francis Swinnerton-Dyer, 16th Baronet, (2 August 1927 – 26 December 2018). He was an English mathematician. He worked in number theory at University of Cambridge. He was best known for his part in the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. This related algebraic properties of elliptic curves to special values of L-functions. Also, he worked on the Titan operating system. In his youth, Swinnerton-Dyer was an international bridge player. He played for the British team twice in the European Open teams championship, in 1953 and 1962. Dean Ford Dean Ford (born Thomas McAleese; 5 September 1946 – 31 December 2018) was a Scottish singer-songwriter. He was born in Coatbridge, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. He was best known for his role as lead vocalist and frontman of the beat pop group Marmalade from 1966 to 1974. He co-wrote the group's worldwide hit "Reflections of My Life". Ford died on 31 December 2018 in Los Angeles, California, at the age of 72. The cause was complications from Parkinson's disease. Etty Fraser Etty Fraser Martins de Sousa (8 May 1931 — 31 December 2018) was a Brazilian actress. She was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Her best known works include "Beto Rockfeller", "Durval Discos" and "Cristina Wants to Get Married". Fraser died on 31 December 2018 in São Paulo, Brazil from heart failure, aged 87. Gülriz Sururi Gülruz Sururi (24 July 1929 – 31 December 2018) was a Turkish actress and author. She presented a TV cooking show and co-owned a theatre. She was born in Istanbull. She was named "The Woman of the Year" by the Turkish Women's Association in 1966. In the 1990s, she presented five years long a cooking show "A La Luna" in the television channel TRT. Sururi died in Istanbul on 31 December 2018 from bile duct cancer, aged 89. Jamal Ahmad Mohammad Al Badawi Jamal Ahmad Mohammad Ali Al Badawi aka Jamal Abu Abed Al Rahman Al Badawi () (July 22, 1960 –January 1, 2019) was a Yemeni terrorist. He was convicted of helping plan the 2000 USS "Cole" bombing, which killed 17 American sailors on October 12, 2000, off the port coast of Aden, Yemen. He was captured in Yemen and sentenced to death on September 29, 2004. "Fox News" called Al-Badawi a "mastermind" of the Cole bombing. He twice escaped from Yemen prison, once after his death sentence was issued, and was being sought as an FBI Most Wanted Terrorist fugitive. He was reportedly killed by an airstrike on January 1, 2019 that was conducted in Ma'rib Governorate, Yemen. Dragoslav Šekularac Dragoslav Šekularac (, ; 8 November 1937 – 5 January 2019) was a Serbian football player and coach. He was born in Štip, Vardar Banovina, Yugoslavia. He played for Red Star Belgrade and Yugoslavia national team. He coached the Guatemala national team in the 1986 FIFA World Cup qualification. Šekularac died in Belgrade on 5 January 2019 from complications of Alzheimer's disease, aged 81. Monad Monad may refer to: Ivan Bortnik Ivan Sergeyevich Bortnik (; 16 April 1939 – 4 January 2019) was a Soviet and Russian actor. He was a People's Artist of Russia (2000). He was born in Moscow. He was known for his roles in "Family Relations", "Mirror for a Hero" and in "Mama Don't Cry". Bortnik died on 4 January 2019 in Moscow of complications from thrombosis at the age of 79. Christian Mohn Christian J. Mohn (20 April 1926 – 31 December 2018) was a Norwegian ski jumper and sports official. He was born in Oslo. His career highlights included a fourth place at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1950, a second place at the Holmenkollen Ski Festival in 1952, and a 20th place at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1954. Mohn was president of the Norwegian Ski Federation from 1978 to 1980. He died on 31 December 2018 at the age of 92. Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg Henri (, ; born 16 April 1955) is the Grand Duke of Luxembourg since 7 October 2000. He is the eldest son of Grand Duke Jean and Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium. Bremerton, Washington Bremerton is a city in Kitsap County, Washington, United States. The population was 41,500 according to the 2018 State Estimate. It is the largest city on the Kitsap Peninsula. Bremerton is connected to Downtown Seattle by two ferries. John Cho John Cho (born Cho Yo Han; June 16, 1972) is a Korean American actor. He is known for his roles as Harold Lee in the "Harold & Kumar", John in the "American Pie" movies and Hikaru Sulu in the "Star Trek" reboot series. Manfred Weber Manfred Weber (born 14 July 1972) is a German politician. He is Leader of the European People's Party in the European Parliament since 2014. He has been a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Germany since 2004. He is a member of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria. On the 5 September 2018, Weber announced his plans to run for President of the European Commission and was elected as the candidate of the EPP on 8 November 2018. Jean Tiberi Jean Tiberi (born 30 January 1935) is a French politician. He was Mayor of Paris from 22 May 1995 to 24 March 2001. He was mayor of the 5th arrondissement of Paris and deputy to the French National Assembly from the second district of Paris. Friend of , he has been Cercle InterHallier member since 2019. Anne Hidalgo Ana María "Anne" Hidalgo Aleu (; born 19 June 1959) is a French politician. She is the Mayor of Paris since 2014. She is the first woman to hold the office. She has also the Spanish nationality. She is a member of the Socialist Party since 1994. She was the First Deputy Mayor of Paris under Bertrand Delanoë (2001–2014), holding the title of Paris City Councillor from the 15th arrondissement since 9 March 2001. On 12 September 2021, Hidalgo announced her candidacy for President of France in the 2022 presidential election. She came in tenth place in the election, winning 1.75% of the vote. Bertrand Delanoë Bertrand Delanoë (; born 30 May 1950) is a retired French politician. He was Mayor of Paris from 25 March 2001 to 5 April 2014. He is a member of the Socialist Party. He was born in Tunis, French Tunisia. Delanoë was stabbed on 5 October 2002 during the "Nuit Blanche", a night of festivities in Paris. Before being taken to hospital, Delanoë ordered that the festivities continue. Delanoë's wound was not life-threatening and he left the hospital after about two weeks. Delanoë was one of the first major French politicians to announce that he was gay. Barry Farber Barry M. Farber (May 5, 1930 – May 6, 2020) was an American conservative radio talk show host, politician. author, commentator and language-learning enthusiast. In 2002, industry publication "Talkers magazine" ranked him the 9th greatest radio talk show host of all time. He has also written articles appearing in "The New York Times", "Reader's Digest", "The Washington Post", and the "Saturday Review". He unsuccessfully ran for the United States House of Representatives and Mayor of New York City in the 1970s. He was the father of journalist Celia Farber and singer-songwriter Bibi Farber. Farber died at his home in New York City, one day after his 90th birthday on May 6, 2020. He had broken his rib cage while moving in to a new apartment a month before. Grace Napolitano Graciela Flores "Grace" Napolitano (born December 4, 1936) is an American politician. She is the U.S. Representative for since 1999. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She is a member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus. Shanghai Noon Shanghai Noon is a 2000 American-Hong Kong martial arts western comedy movie starring Jackie Chan, Owen Wilson and Lucy Liu. The first in the Shanghai movie series and marking the directorial debut of Tom Dey, Shanghai Noon was written by Alfred Gough and Miles Millar. sequels "Shanghai Knights" and "Shanghai Dawn". Blue (song) Blue (song) might refer to: Climacoceratidae Climacoceratide is a family of artiodactyls which lived in Miocene in Africa. They're closely related to giraffes, with some genera, like "Prolibytherium" previously classified as giraffes. The climacoceratids, named after one of their members, "Climacoceras", were previously placed in the family Palaeomerycidae, then in Giraffidae. In 1978, W.D. Hamilton made a new family, placing it near Giraffidae in the superfamily Giraffoidea. They differ from giraffes as their ossicones are from different bones. Fantasamagorie Fantasmagorie is a hand drawn animated movie made in 1908 by Émile Cohl. It is one of the first animated cartoons ever made. Eric Haydock Eric Haydock (born Eric John Haddock; 3 February 1943 – 5 January 2019) was a British musician. He was best known as the original bass guitarist of The Hollies from December 1962 until July 1966. Haydock died on 5 January 2019, at the age of 75. The Hollies The Hollies is a British pop/rock group that became one of the leading British groups of the 1960s (231 weeks on the UK singles charts during the 1960s, the 9th highest of any artist of the decade) and into the mid 1970s. It was formed by Allan Clarke and Graham Nash in 1962 in Manchester. Their best known songs were "Bus Stop", "Just One Look", "Look Through Any Window", "I Can't Let Go", "Bus Stop", "Stop Stop Stop", "On a Carousel", "Carrie Anne", "Jennifer Eccles", and later "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother", "Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress", and "The Air That I Breathe". They are one of the few British groups of the early 1960s, along with the Rolling Stones, that have never disbanded and continue to record and perform. The Hollies were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010. Allan Clarke (singer) Harold Allan Clarke (born 5 April 1942) is a retired English pop rock singer. He was one of the founding members and the original lead singer of The Hollies. He retired from performing in 1999. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010. Tony Hicks Anthony Christopher Hicks (born 16 December 1945) is an English guitarist and singer. He was a member of the British pop group The Hollies since 1963. He was added into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010. He was born in Nelson, Lancashire. Bobby Elliott Robert Hartley Elliott (born 8 December 1941) is an English rock drummer. He is best known for playing with The Hollies. He has been described as "one of the very finest drummers in all of pop/rock". José Ramón Fernández José Ramón Fernández Álvarez (November 4, 1923 – January 6, 2019) was a Cuban Communist leader. He was a Vice-President of the Council of Ministers from 1976 until his death in 2019. Life. He was born in Santiago de Cuba. During the Bay of Pigs Invasion on 17 April 1961, he was director of militia training and based at Managua near Havana. He was a member of the Executive Committee of the Pan American Sports Organization. In recognition of his work he was awarded several medals, among them the title of Hero of the Republic of Cuba. Fernández died on January 6, 2019 in Havana at the age of 95. Pidyon haben The pidyon haben is a Jewish life cycle event that takes place at the age of 1 Jewish month. The Jewish child is “redeemed” before God, to show the parents want the child. A few coins are given to a rabbi during this ceremony. The Seven Bridges of Paso Mayor The Seven Bridges of Paso Mayor is a railway bridge belonging to the Rosario Puerto Belgrano Railroad, which crosses the course of the Sauce Grande River in the limits of the Coronel Rosales and Coronel Pringles Municipalities, south of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. History. It receives its name for being a bridge divided into seven sections, six of a type structure "cage" and one "open", is located in the Paso Mayor of the River Sauce Grande near the site of the same name. Its construction was completed in 1908 and is part of the Rosario Puerto Belgrano Railroad, the same crosses from north to south, the south of the Santa Fe Province and all the west of the Buenos Aires Province, discarding the radial model towards the City of Buenos Aires that had all the British railways. It was used by a railway for the last time in the year 1977 when the southern section of that railway branch was definitively closed by a decree of the de military government. In the 90 'this railway line was concessioned with all its assets, who currently is the owner of the concession is the company Ferro Expreso Pampeano S.A., which never used the southern section of the branch before said. Structure. The support or bastion of each end are 266 meters each, each bastion has two wings. Each one of the boards of each section rests on six pillars that are in what was the bed of the formerly mighty river. The entire structure of the bridge, both the "upper rope", "lower rope", "diagonal", "lower bracing", "upper bracing", "poles", "joists", "bolts" and other parts of the bridges were built according to the following generalities: Declaration of Historical Heritage. In 2010 the Deliberative Council of the Coronel Rosales Municipality declared it "Architectural, Historical and Cultural Heritage". In 2012 it was declared a provincial historical heritage by the legislature of the Buenos Aires Province. Controversy. Despite being recently declared historical heritage, it was left without one of its sections, the one used by Ferro Expreso Pampeano (Fepsa) to replace it in place of the damaged one in the Province of Santa Fe that crossed on Route 18 south of Rosario. The National Transportation Regulatory Commission demanded that Fepsa "refrain from carrying out any operation that is not authorized by the competent authority to change all or part of the bridge." Days later, with the withdrawal of the already completed structure, the control body reiterated the request for restitution of the railway material before 30 days and threatened to initiate legal actions. Finally the bridge was restored to the original place ending with the controversy. Zhantoro Satybaldiyev Zhantoro Zholdoshevich Satybaldiyev (; born 6 January 1956) is a Kyrgyz politician. He was the 15th Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 5 September 2012 until 25 March 2014. Askar Akayev Askar Akayevich Akayev (; born 10 November 1944) is a retired Kyrgyz politician. He was the 1st President of Kyrgyzstan from 27 October 1990 until 24 March 2005. Annalise Braakensiek Annalise Braakensiek (9 December 1972 – 6 January 2019) was an Australian model, actress, and television presenter. She was born in Sydney. She was known for her role as Claudia Macpherson in the 2000 television series "Pizza" and on the 2003 movie "Fat Pizza". Braakensiek was found dead in her Sydney apartment on 6 January 2019 at the age of 46. Gene Zwozdesky Gene Zwozdesky, (July 24, 1948 – January 6, 2019) was a Canadian politician. He was in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1993 to 2015, and was the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly from 2012 to 2015. He was born in Nipawin, Saskatchewan. Zwozdesky died of cancer in Edmonton, Alberta on January 6, 2019, aged 70. Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev (; 19 March 1906 – 22 August 1989) was a Soviet aircraft designer and founder of Yakovlev. Capital Development Authority (Islamabad) Capital Development Authority (abbreviated as CDA), is a public benefit corporation responsible for providing basic services in Islamabad Capital Territory, which may include sanitation, water, streets, the public library, schools, food inspection, fire department, police, ambulance, and other health department issues and transportation. City governments often operate or contract for additional utilities like electricity, gas and cable television. The CDA was established on 14 June 1960 by executive order entitled "Pakistan Capital Regulation". As of 2016, most of CDA's municipal services and departments have been transferred to the newly created Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation, although CDA is still in charge of estate management, project execution and sector developments. In the Aeroplane Over the Sea In the Aeroplane Over the Sea is the second album recorded by Neutral Milk Hotel. It was released in February 1998. After the album came out and the band finished doing concerts to promote it, the leader of the band named Jeff Mangum became very private and basically disappeared except for one small concert in New Zealand and a reunion tour in the 2010s. Sound. The album has many influences. Some of them are folk music, noise rock, and Eastern European music. A wide variety of instruments are played on the album. Some of them are bagpipes, distorted electric guitars, musical saw, accordion, and brass instruments. Bal Harbour, Florida Bal Harbour is a village of Florida in the United States. National emblem of Turkey The Republic of Turkey has no official national emblem, but the star and crescent. Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Baron Carl "Gustaf" Emil Mannerheim (; 4 June 1867 – 27 January 1951) was a Finnish military leader and statesman. Mannerheim served as the military leader of the Whites in the Finnish Civil War, Regent of Finland (1918–1919), commander-in-chief of Finland's defence forces during World War II, Marshal of Finland, and the sixth President of Finland (1944–1946). DC Universe Online DC Universe Online is a free to play video game. It has around 18 million users worldwide. Reception. DC Universe Online received good reviews. It receive a grade of 7/10 from IGN. The rating further improves to 8/10 after its PlayStation 4 launch. As of August 2014, the game has 18 million registered users. On gaming platforms PlayStation 3 and 4, the game is free of charge to play. It is the highest profit earning game on those platforms. Julian Glover Julian Wyatt Glover (born 27 March 1935) is an English actor. He is known for his roles as General Maximilian Veers in "The Empire Strikes Back", Aristotle Kristatos in the James Bond movie "For Your Eyes Only", Walter Donovan in "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade", and Brian Harcourt-Smith in "The Fourth Protocol". He also voiced the giant spider Aragog in "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets". Sylvia Chase Sylvia Belle Chase (February 23, 1938 – January 3, 2019) was an American broadcast journalist. She was a correspondent for ABC's "20/20" from 1978 until 1985. She left to become a news anchor at KRON-TV in San Francisco; in 1990 she returned to ABC News in New York. Chase was born in Northfield, Minnesota. She studied at University of California, Los Angeles. Chase, who was diabetic, died in Belvedere, California on January 3, 2019 from brain cancer, aged 80. Northfield, Minnesota Northfield is a city in Dakota and Rice counties in the State of Minnesota. The city is mostly in Rice County, with a small portion in Dakota County. The population was 20,007 during the 2010 census. Derek Piggott Alan Derek Piggott (27 December 1922 – 6 January 2019) was a British aviator. He was best known glider pilots and instructors. He had over 5,000 hours on over 153 types of powered aircraft and over 5,000 hours on over 184 types of glider. In 1961 he became the first person to make an officially authenticated take-off and flight in a man-powered aircraft. Piggott died of a stroke, aged 96, on 6 January 2019 in Lasham, Hampshire. W. Morgan Sheppard William Morgan Sheppard (24 August 1932 – 6 January 2019) also known as Morgan Sheppard or W. Morgan Sheppard, was an English actor. He was born in London. He studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. Sheppard was known for his roles in "Star Trek", "Max Headroom" and in "Gods and Generals". Sheppard died on 6 January 2019 at his home in Los Angeles, California from cancer, aged 86. Tom Rukavina Thomas Rukavina (August 23, 1950 – January 7, 2019) was an American politician. He was born in Virginia, Minnesota. He was a member of the Democratic–Farmer–Labor (DFL). He was a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1987 to 2013. In 2010 he was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Minnesota, seeking the DFL nomination. He withdrew from the election. He was a St. Louis County commissioner from 2015 to 2018. Rukavina was arrested on July 31, 2004, for fourth-degree drunk driving with a blood alcohol level of 0.15. He pleaded guilty to the charge. Rukavina died of leukemia on January 7, 2019 at a hospital in Minneapolis, aged 68. Chris Tucker Christopher Tucker (born August 31, 1971) is an American actor and stand-up comedian. He is known for his roles of Smokey in F. Gary Gray's "Friday" and as Detective James Carter in Brett Ratner's "Rush Hour" movie series. Brett Ratner Brett Ratner (born March 28, 1969) is an American director and producer. He is known for directing the "Rush Hour" movie series, "The Family Man", "Red Dragon", "", and "Tower Heist". Ratner is the co-founder of RatPac Entertainment, a movie production and financing company. On January 19, 2017, Ratner received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his works to the motion picture industry. In late 2017, seven women, including actresses Olivia Munn and Natasha Henstridge, accused Ratner of sexual misconduct and harassment. José Antonio Pujante José Antonio Pujante Diekmann (December 10, 1964 – January 1, 2019) was a Spanish politician and philosophy professor. Pujante was a deputy of the Regional Assembly of Murcia from 2007 until his death in office in 2019. He was born in Villefranche-de-Rouergue, France. Pujante died of a heart attack on January 1, 2019, in Murcia, Spain at the age of 54. Bernard Tchoullouyan Bernard Tchoullouyan (12 April 1953 — 6 January 2019) was a French former judoka. He won a world title in 1981 and an Olympic bronze medal in 1980. He was born in Marseille, France. Tchoullouyan died on 6 January 2019 from a heart attack, at the age of 65. Grim Fandango Grim Fandango is an adventure video game made by LucasArts for Windows computers. It was released in October 1998. The game was directed by Tim Schafer. Style. The style of the game mixes film noir movies, Mexican folklore, and Aztec beliefs about what happens after death. Reviews. It is often called one of the best video games ever made because of its story, characters, writing, and visuals. Semyon Lavochkin Semyon Alekseevich Lavochkin (; 11 September 1900 – 9 June 1960) was a Soviet aircraft designer and founder of Lavochkin. Li Changchun Li Changchun (; born February 1944) is a retired Chinese politician. He was a member of the Politburo Standing Committee, top decision-making body of People's Republic of China between 2002 and 2012. Carmencita Reyes Carmencita Ongsiako Reyes (November 9, 1931 – January 7, 2019) was a Filipino politician and jurist. She was an Assemblywoman from 1985 to 1986, Congresswoman of Marinduque from 1978 to 1998 and 2007 to 2010, as well as governor from 1998 to 2007 and 2010 to her death. Reyes died on January 7, 2019 in Manila at the age of 87. Richard Ojeda 2020 presidential campaign The 2020 presidential campaign of Richard Ojeda, member of the West Virginia Senate from the 7th district, was announced on November 11, 2018. Ojeda was the second office-holding Democrat to announce a campaign for the 2020 U.S. presidential election, the first being Maryland Rep. John Delaney. As no current state legislator has ever made a serious bid for the presidency, Ojeda was considered a "longshot" and "underdog" candidate. On January 26, 2019, Ojeda withdrew from the election. John Mendelsohn John Mendelsohn (August 31, 1936 – January 7, 2019) was an American physician. He was President of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. He was MD Anderson President from 1996 to 2011. After his retirement in 2011, Mendelsohn remained on the faculty as co-director of the new Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy. He was a senior fellow in health and technology at the Baker Institute. Mendelsohn was only the third full-time president of MD Anderson. Mendelsohn died on January 7, 2019 from glioblastoma in Houston, aged 82. Harold Demsetz Harold Demsetz (; May 31, 1930 – January 4, 2019) was an American economist. He was a professor of economics at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). Demsetz was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a director of the Mont Pelerin Society, and a past (1996) president of the Western Economics Association. He was known for his works in the Nirvana fallacy. Demsetz died on January 4, 2019 at the age of 88. Birdsong, Arkansas Birdsong is a town in the US state of Arkansas. Big Flat, Arkansas Big Flat is a town in the US state of Arkansas. Edwin Erickson Edwin B. "Ted" Erickson (1938 – January 7, 2019) was an American politician and businessman. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but raised in Bryn Mawr. He was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania Senate, representing the 26th District from 2001 to 2015. Erickson died on January 7, 2019 in Reading, Pennsylvania, aged 80. Doddie Weir George Wilson "Doddie" Weir (4 July 1970 – 26 November 2022) was a Scottish rugby union player. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. He played as a lock. He made 61 international appearances for the Scotland national team from 1990 to 2000. In June 2017, Weir announced he was diagnosed with motor neurone disease (ALS) in order to promote Global MND Awareness Day which caused his death on 26 November 2022. Jeremy London Jeremy Michael London (born November 7, 1972) is an American actor. He is best known for his regular roles on "Party of Five", "7th Heaven", and "I'll Fly Away", a starring role the 1995 comedy film "Mallrats", as well as a notable supporting role in the Civil War epic "Gods and Generals". London made his directorial debut with the 2013 horror film "The Devil's Dozen", in which he also appeared. Khas Rajput Khas Rajput (Devanagari: खस राजपूत) is a Rajput (warrior-ruler) community among Khas people. The term is popularly denoted to Khas people who follow Hindu Kshatriya tradition in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is used very less in Nepal and is replaced by the term Kshetri. They have been connected to the Khasas mentioned in the ancient Hindu literature. Historian Bal Krishna Sharma and Dor Bahadur Bista speculates that the Khas people were of Indo-European origin. Historian Baburam Acharya speculates that Khas are a sub-clan of Aiḍa, an Arya clan originated at Idavritt (modern day Kashmir). Khas were living in the Idavaritt in the 3rd millennium B.C.E. and the original meaning of the term Khas was Raja or Kshatriya (Yoddha). He further speculates that Kashmir has been named from its local residents Khas as Khasmir. In the 2nd millennium B.C.E., one group of Khas migrated towards Iran while the other group migrated east of Sutlej river settling only in the hill regions up to Bheri River. Historian Balkrishna Pokhrel contends that Khas were not the Vedic Aryans but Aryans of latter period like the Gurjara, Darada, Shaka, Pallava and Pisacha. He further asserts that post-Vedic Aryans were akin to Vedic Aryans in terms of language and culture. History. Traditionally, the Khas people were divided into "Khas Brahmins" (also called Bahuns in Nepal) and "Khas Rajputs" (also called Chhetris in Nepal). In Garhwal regions of Uttarakhand in India, the Khas Brahmins and Khas Rajputs had a lower social status than the other Brahmins and Rajputs. However, in present-day western Nepal, and in Uttarakhand they had the same status as the other Brahmins and Rajputs, possibly as a result of their political power in the Khasa Malla kingdom. Khas Rajputs in Kumaon region of Uttarakhand are historically accepted as army recruits for the hill Rajas. In Uttarakhand, Gharwal region there are two general divisions of Rajputs - Asal Rajput and Khas Rajput. Asal Rajput are the immigrants of the lowlands of India while Khas Rajput are children of the local Khas population. Now there is no such divisions Douglas DC-2 Douglas DC-2 was an American 14 seat, twin-engined airliner designed by Douglas. The DC-2 inspired the much more successful DC-3. Douglas DC-3 Douglas DC-3 is an American fixed-wing, propeller airliner designed by Douglas. It was very successful, with 607 DC-3s being built. Even today, some companies still use DC-3’s despite better jet planes being for sale. It was basically a longer version of Douglas’s earlier airplane, the DC-2. It was revolutionary to the airplane market when the DC-3 started being built in 1936, as it could fly farther than most aircraft at the time. During WW2, a military version of the DC-3 known as the C-47 “Skytrain” was the primary transport of the US Military. It was used in major events like D-Day. Lisunov Li-2 Lisunov Li-2 (Russian: Лисунов Ли-2) was a Soviet transport aircraft developed by Lisonov. Boris Lisunov Boris Pavlovich Lisunov (; 19 August 1898 – 3 November 1946) was a Soviet aircraft designer and founder of Lisunov. Vowel length Vowel length is a feature in languages when how long a vowel is spoken in a word can create a completely different word. Although this is a feature in many languages like Japanese, Arabic, Hawaiian, Classical Latin, and Thai, there are also many languages that do not have this feature. An example of this would be the Japanese words "chizu", which has a short vowel (a vowel spoken for a short time), and "chīzu", which has a long vowel (a vowel spoken for a long time). The only difference that can be heard is how long the vowel "I" is spoken. The amount of time the vowel is spoken could create two entirely different words. "Chizu" means "map", while "chīzu" "cheese". When using IPA, the colon (:) is used to show that the vowel before it is a long vowel. For example, "chizu" in IPA is written as /t͡ɕizɯ/, but "chīzu" is written as /t͡ɕi:zɯ/. While Old English had vowel lengthening, most modern dialects of English do not. For example, the words "God" and "good" used to have the same vowel sound, but the vowel in "good ("/go:d/), which was a long vowel, was said longer than it was in "God" ("/"god"/)", which was a short vowel. Although the vowel sounds in Modern English are very different than in Old English, readers can often get an idea of how vowels used to sound like based on an English word's spelling, which often shows words' historical roots rather than their current pronunciation. Long vowels in Old English could be written with a bar on top of the vowel like in "gōd" (good)"." Later, during the days of Middle English, spellings used to spell long vowels included spelling with two vowels together like in "book" or "break" and putting a silent "E" at the end of the word like in "hate". These vowels were all long vowels until the Great Vowel Shift in English, in which the vowel sounds in English changed to sound very differently from before. Classical Latin had both vowel and consonant lengthening, and long vowels had a macron, or a straight horizontal line, written above them. In Classical Latin, "ānus ("/ˈaː.nus/), "annus ("/ˈan.nus/), and "anus" (/ˈa.nus/) were all different words. "Ānus" means "buttocks", "annus" means year, and "anus" means old woman. Today, none of the Romance languages, the languages that are daughter languages of Latin, can distinguish words by vowel length, though Italian can distinguish words by consonant length: /anno/ "year", /ano/ "anus". Italian also has vowel lengthening in accented syllables ending in a vowel, but vowel length cannot make the difference between two words as it could in Latin. Great Vowel Shift The Great Vowel Shift is a sound change in the English language when all the long vowel sounds in English changed. This took place from the late Middle English period to the Early Modern English period. This is the main reason why English words often sound different from how they are spelled. Sound change A sound change in a language is when the sounds of the language become different over time in historical linguistics. Since people of different languages or dialects often talk to each other, the way people talk becomes more like the way the others talk. Because of this, it is natural for languages to sound differently overtime. Sometimes it happens slowly, while in other times it happens quickly. An example of a sound change in English is the Great Vowel Shift, when all of the long vowel sounds in Middle English changed into what they are today. This is why the way English is spelled is so differently from how it is spoken. Spelling systems that do not change with the sound changes of a language are often more difficult for a learner to learn how to read in that language. These kinds of spellings are called fossilized spellings. These include spelling systems like English, French, Mongolian script, and Thai. All of these spelling systems have changed little for the past few hundred years, even though their spoken languages sound very different from how they used to sound. Spelling systems that change with the sound changes are often easier for a learner to learn how to read. These languages include Japanese, Turkish, and German. Another much smaller sound shift in many dialects of English is the cot-caught merger, where words with lower back vowels like in "cot" and "caught" sound exactly the same to native speakers of certain English dialects and are spoken without any difference between the two sounds. Mongolian script Mongolian script was the first writing system to be used to write the Mongolian language. It is similar to the Arabic alphabet in that it is a cursive writing system, or a writing system where all the letters in a word always touch each other and change depending on if the letter is at the beginning, middle, or end of a word. It is a vertically written system, meaning that it is written top-to-bottom, and it is the only vertical writing system to be read left-to-right (all other vertical systems, like Chinese and Korean, are left-to-right). It is one of the two writing systems used to write the Mongolian language, alongside Cyrillic, in the independent country of Mongolia (which is sometimes called Outer Mongolia to distinguish it from Inner Mongolia) and the only writing system used to write the language in the Chinese autonomous region of Inner Mongolia. Unlike Arabic, and Old Uyghur, the Traditional Mongolian script and it's variants are an abugida and brahmic script. It is also used to write several other Mongolic and Tungustic languages such as Buryat, Kalmyk, Oirat, Manchu, and Xibe. It is believed that the reason why Mongolian script is vertical is so that it could easily be written on the neck of a horse, which horses were a very important part of Mongolian culture. In the year 1208, Genghis Khan captured a Uighur scribe named Tatar-Tonga and forced him to make the alphabet of his native language, the Old Uyghr alphabet, be used to write the Mongolian language. It did not fit the Mongolian language well, and it was difficult to learn even for native Mongolian speakers. In 1941, a few decades after Mongolia became a communist state, the Cyrillic alphabet replaced Mongolian script likely due to influence from their communist ally, the Soviet Union. After the fall of communism, Mongolia made Mongolian script official alongside Cyrillic to revive Mongolian culture. However, Cyrillic is still more common due to the lack of education in Mongolian writing, the lack of money to support it, and the difficulty of typing Mongolian on a computer. Also, more Mongolians can read Cyrillic than Mongolian script. In Inner Mongolia, on the other hand, most ethnic Mongols do not know Cyrillic and can only read Mongolian in the Mongolian script. Autonomous regions of China Autonomous regions of China are areas with very large numbers of ethnic minorities living in them. Their local government is similar to a province, but unlike provinces, minority languages are often co-official alongside the Chinese language, and some laws are written to meet the needs of the minority groups. China's five autonomous regions are the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the Tibet Autonomous Region, the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region (East Turkestan), and the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Their shortened names are Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Tibet, Xinjiang, and Ningxia respectively. The largest minority group in each region are the Zhuang, the Mongol, the Tibetan, the Uighur, and the Hui people respectively. Manchu language The Manchu language is a Tungustic language and it was the native language of the Manchu people before and during the Qing dynasty. The Manchus are the ethnic minority in China that overthrew the Ming dynasty in 1644 and took over the country. When they ruled, they formed the Qing dynasty. Manchu uses a version of the Mongolian script that was changed to better suit the language. For the first 200 years, it was the official language in the courts, although commoners still spoke Chinese. However, during the mid-1800s, it became more common for the Manchu nobles to speak Chinese as their first language. As a matter of fact, China's last emperor, Aisin Gioro Puyi, knew very little Manchu and spoke Chinese as his first language. Nonetheless, Manchu was still written alongside Chinese in official documents until the end of Imperial China. Even though China today has 10 million Manchus, only 20 people speak Manchu today. This makes Manchu a critically endangered language. Almost all Manchus today speak Mandarin Chinese as their first language. Early Modern English Early Modern English is the period of the English language when both the written and the spoken English language begins to be familiar to English speakers today, or speakers of Modern English. That is the period in which William Shakespeare wrote his plays. What sets Early Modern English apart from Middle English is the Great Vowel Shift, when all long vowel sounds changed to their current sounds. Zuma (album) Zuma is the seventh album by Neil Young. It was released in November 1975. On Avery Island On Avery Island is the first album by Neutral Milk Hotel. It was released on March 26, 1996 by Merge Records. Kuroko's Basketball Kuroko's Basketball, known in Japan as , is a Japanese sports manga series created by Tadatoshi Fujimaki. It was published in "Weekly Shōnen Jump" from December 2008 to September 2014. An anime television series based on this manga was produced by Production I.G. It began airing in 2012. A second season of the anime began airing in October 2013 and a third season began airing in January 2015. An anime movie based on "Kuroko's Basketball: Extra Game" manga premiered in Japan on March 18, 2017. "Kuroko's Basketball" was the third highest selling manga series of 2013. In 2013, around 8,761,081 copies of this manga were sold. Jonas Furrer Jonas Furrer (3 March 1805 – 25 July 1861) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1848–1861) and Radical Party. Datto, Arkansas Datto is a town in the US state of Arkansas. Airbus A310 MRTT Airbus A310 MRTT is a aerial fulet tanker developed from Airbus A310. Urbie Green Urban Clifford "Urbie" Green (August 8, 1926December 31, 2018) was an American jazz trombonist. He toured with Woody Herman, Gene Krupa, Jan Savitt, and Frankie Carle. The 1980s and beyond saw a slowing down of Urbie Green's recording career. Both albums recorded by him during this period are live, straight jazz works; "Just Friends", and "Sea Jam Blues". In 1995 he was elected into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame. Green died in Hellertown, Pennsylvania from congestive heart failure on December 31, 2018, aged 92. Hellertown, Pennsylvania Hellertown is a borough in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, United States. Hellertown is located in the Lehigh Valley region of the state. The population of Hellertown was 5,898 at the 2010 census. Hellertown is located at (40.584099, -75.338139). Warren Plunkett Warren Francisco Plunkett (August 4, 1920 – December 30, 2018) was a former American football player and judge. He played as a blocking back on one season with the Cleveland Rams of the National Football League in 1942. He played college football at the University of Minnesota. He was born in St. Paul, Minnesota. Plunkett died of complications from pneumonia in Austin, Minnesota on December 30, 2018 at the age of 98. Carlos Sánchez (actor) Carlos Sánchez (1935 – 29 December 2018) was a Colombian actor. He was known for playing Juan Valdez for over thirty years, from 1969 to 2006. He was originally a coffee farmer from Antioquia, Colombia. Sánchez in Medellín on 29 December 2018 from a respiratory tract infection, aged 83. Mãe Stella de Oxóssi Mãe Stella de Oxóssi (born Maria Stella de Azevedo Santos, also known as "Odé Kayodê", 2 May 1925 – 27 December 2018) was a Brazilian priest and writer. She was the fifth "iyalorixá" (chief priestess) of Ilê Axé Opô Afonjá, a Candomblé "terreiro" in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil (where she was born). Stella was trained as a public health nurse. She became the iyalorixá of Ilê Axé Opô Afonjá in 1976.She was known for writing on the beliefs and practices of Candomblé for the general public, rather than practitioners. Stella died of a stroke on 27 December 2018 in Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil, aged 93. Dick Van Orden Merton Dick Van Orden (February 24, 1921 – December 9, 2018) was an American rear admiral in the United States Navy. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy. He was born in Austin, Texas. He was Chief of Naval Research from 1973 to his retirement in 1975. Van Orden died of prostate cancer in Arlington, Virginia on December 9, 2018, aged 97. Airbus CC-150 Polaris Airbus CC-150 Polaris is a Strategic transport, VIP transport, tanker developed from Airbus A310 MRTT. Leo J. Dulacki Leo John Dulacki (December 29, 1918 – January 4, 2019) was an American lieutenant general in the Marine Corps. He was born in Omaha, Nebraska. He served in the Corps during World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War. During his 32 years of active service Dulacki held several important intelligence assignments in Moscow and Helsinki. He finished his career as Director of Personnel/Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower at Headquarters Marine Corps. Dulacki died on January 4, 2019, at his retirement home in Sun City West, Arizona, at the age of 100, 6 days after his birthday. Sun City West, Arizona Sun City West is a census-designated place (CDP) in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. The population was 24,535 at the 2010 census. Georgy Beriev Georgy Mikhailovich Beriev (Beriashvili) ( "Georgij Michajlovič Beriev"; "Giorgi Mikheilis Dze Beriashvili"; 13 February 1903 – 12 July 1979), was a Soviet aircraft designer and founder of Beriev. Bernice Sandler Bernice Resnick Sandler (March 3, 1928 – January 5, 2019) was an American women's rights activist. Sandler was best known for being the cause of the creation of Title IX, a portion of the Education Amendments of 1972. She has been called "the Godmother of Title IX" by The New York Times. Sandler died on January 5, 2019 Washington, D.C. at the age of 90. Khosro Harandi Khosro (Hosrov) Sheikh Harandi (11 September 1950 – 8 January 2019) was an Iranian chess International Master. He was a repeated Champion of Iran, he was a member of the national team in five Chess Olympiads. He also represented Iran at first board in 19th World Student Team Chess Championship at Graz 1972 (+6 –3 =3). Harandi died on 8 January 2019 in Tehran at the age of 68. Óscar González-Quevedo Father Óscar González-Quevedo Bruzón (December 15, 1930 – January 9, 2019) was a Spanish-born Brazilian Jesuit priest. He was an investigator in the field of parapsychology. He was born in Madrid. González-Quevedo died on January 9, 2019 from heart disease in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, aged 88. Anatoly Lukyanov Anatoly Ivanovich Lukyanov () (7 May 1930 – 9 January 2019) was a Russian Communist politician. He was the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR between 15 March 1990 and 22 August 1991. Lukyanov died in Moscow on 9 January 2019, at the age of 88, after suffering from a serious illness. Vice (2018 movie) Vice is a 2018 American biographical comedy-drama movie written and directed by Adam McKay. The movie stars Christian Bale as Dick Cheney, with Amy Adams, Steve Carell, Sam Rockwell, Tyler Perry, Alison Pill, and Jesse Plemons in supporting roles. The movie is about Cheney in his desire to become the most powerful Vice President in America's history. "Vice" was released in the United States on December 25, 2018, by Annapurna Pictures. Beriev Be-200 Beriev Be-200 (Russian: Бериев Бе-200) is a Soviet multirole amphibian designed by Beriev. Mikhail Gurevich Mikhail Iosifovich Gurevich () ( – 12 November 1976) was a Soviet aircraft designer. He was in a partnership with Artem Mikoyan and co-founded the famous MiG military aviation bureau. Artem Mikoyan Artem (Artyom) Ivanovich Mikoyan (; ; – 9 December 1970) was a Soviet aircraft designer. In partnership with Mikhail Gurevich he designed many of the famous MiG military aircraft. Han Zheng Han Zheng (Chinese: 韩正; born April 1954) is a Chinese politician who is serving as the 11th First Ranking Vice Premier since 2018. He first came to prominence as Mayor of Shanghai. Wang Yi Wang Yi (Chinese: 王毅; 8 October 1953) is a Chinese politician who serves as a State Councillor of People's Republic of China since 2018. Vital Kamerhe Vital Kamerhe (born 4 March 1959) is a Congolese politician. He is the leader of the Union for the Congolese Nation ("Union pour la Nation Congolaise", UNC), an opposition political party. He was President of the National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 2006 to 2009. After resigning as President of the National Assembly, he went into opposition and founded the UNC. He was a candidate in the 2011 presidential election. On April 8, 2020, Vital Kamerhe, chief of staff and main political ally of the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Félix Tshisekedi, was placed in pre-trial detention in the Kinshasa central prison. He was heard during the investigation into the 100-day work. On June 20, 2020, Vital Kamerhe, was sentenced to "20 years of forced labor" and 10 years of ineligibility and inability to access public office for embezzlement, aggravated corruption and money laundering, the court announced. of high instance of Kinshasa-Gombe. His co-defendant, businessman Samih Jammal, faces the same penalties and an expulsion order after their executions. The court also orders the confiscation of the accounts and properties of family members of Vital Kamerhe. On July 24, 2020, the appeal trial of Vital Kamerhe, the chief of staff of Félix Tshisekedi, sentenced to 20 years in prison in June 2020, for embezzlement begins. But just opened, the appeal trial was postponed to August 7, 2020 for procedural reasons. Bruno Tshibala Bruno Tshibala Nzenze (born 20 February 1956) is a Congolese politician. He was the Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from May 2017 to April 2019. Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo The prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (, , ), is Congo's head of government. The current prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is no one since 7 April 2019 The position of prime minister was already present in the first government after independence of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with the first prime minister Patrice Emery Lumumba. The position was restored in 1977, as the title of "First State Commissioner" which, in reality, was weak in comparison to the pre-war office of Prime Minister. The office became vacant in 1997. President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo The President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (, , ), is the head of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The constitutional mandate of the current president, Joseph Kabila, was due to expire on 20 December 2016 but was extended by him until the end of 2017. He was replaced by Félix Tshisekedi in 2019. Article 72 of the Congolese constitution states that the President must be a natural-born citizen – or more accurately: – of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and at least 30 years of age. Additionally, the President must be free of any legal constraints on their civil and political rights. Félix Tshisekedi Félix Antoine Tshisekedi Tshilombo (born 13 June 1963) is a Congolese politician. He is the leader of the Union for Democracy and Social Progress, the oldest and largest opposition party of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. On January 9, 2019, he was elected the President of the DRC. From 2021 to 2022, he was the 19th Chairperson of the African Union. Laurent-Désiré Kabila Laurent-Désiré Kabila (November 27, 1939 – January 16, 2001), or simply Laurent Kabila ( ), was a Congolese revolutionary and politician. He was the third President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from May 17, 1997, when he overthrew Mobutu Sese Seko. He was assassinated by one of his bodyguards on January 16, 2001, aged 61. He was replaced as president eight days later by his son Joseph. Pascal Lissouba Pascal Lissouba (November 15, 1931 – August 24, 2020) was a Congolese politician. He was the first democratically elected President of the Republic of the Congo from August 31, 1992 to October 15, 1997. He was overthrown by the current President Denis Sassou Nguesso in the 1997 civil war. Lissouba died on August 24, 2020 in Perpignan, France from problems caused by Alzheimer's disease at the age of 88. Fulbert Youlou Abbé Fulbert Youlou (29 June, 17 June or 19 July 1917 – 6 May 1972) was a laicized Brazzaville-Congolese Roman Catholic priest, nationalist leader and politician. Became the first President of Congo-Brazzaville on its independence. Clément Mouamba Clément Mouamba (13 November 1943 – 29 October 2021) was a Congolese politician. He was the Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo from 2016 until 2021. Before he was Minister of Finance from 1992 to 1993. In May 2021, Clément Mouamba and his government resigned. Mouamba died on 29 October 2021 in Paris, France from COVID-19 at the age of 77. Ai Yori Aoshi is a Japanese "seinen" manga created by Kou Fumizuki. It was published from 1998 to 2005 in Hakusensha's "Young Animal". It is a love story between two childhood friends who have not seen each other in years. "Ai Yori Aoshi" anime was directed by Masami Shimoda. It was written by Kenichi Kanemaki and animated by J.C.Staff. The series was made into an anime in 2002. A sequel, , set two years later started running in 2003. The anime was released in North America by Geneon. The manga was released in English by Tokyopop. Four visual novels were also released for the PlayStation 2, and for Windows 98. Ai Yori Aoshi did well with its English manga release. Book one ranked number 45 on the top 50 Manga's sold of that month. With around 3,329 books sold, the series was at number 18 of 100 with Volume 6. It then soon fell out of the top 100 list for the other releases. The last volume ended at number 66 out of 100 on the sales list. Arch Rivals Arch Rivals is an American basketball arcade game from Midway Games. The game was released by Midway in 1989. It was billed by Midway as "A Basket Brawl". It has two-on-two full court basketball games in which players are allowed to punch other players and steal the ball from them. "Arch Rivals" allows players to select from a variety of fictional teams. But arcade operators can change the team names to reflect real ones. Home versions of the game were put out for the Sega Genesis, Sega Game Gear and Nintendo Entertainment System. The game was considered a precursor to the popular arcade basketball game "NBA Jam". Basketball games generally follow standard rules: a full basketball game has four quarters with four minutes each. Both teams have two players each. A player can call for his teammate to pass him the ball or shoot it. The difference between "Arch Rivals" and other basketball game titles is the ability to punch an opponent without any penalty and steal the ball away. The referee will only call shot clock violations. Also in "Arch Rivals" are hazards, such as candy wrappers and soda cans thrown onto the floor. If a ball handler steps on these, he falls on the floor. He then allows his opponent to steal the ball from him. Players. There are eight players, each with a unique talent. They are: Presentation. If a basket is scored (for two or three points), several random scenes may be played. One is the coach yelling at his own players. Another has players from the other team being disgusted. Two scenes have cheerleaders saying: "Yay team!" or "Go team go!" Sergey Ivanov Sergei Borisovich Ivanov (; born 31 January 1953) is a Russian politician who is Special Representative of the President of the Russian Federation on the Issues of Environmental Activities, Environment and Transport since 12 August 2016. He served as a Minister of Defense of Russia from 28 March 2001 to 15 February 2007. Sergei Shoigu Sergey Kuzhugetovich Shoigu (Russian: Сергей Кужугетович Шойгу, Tuvan: Сергей Күжүгет оглу Шойгу; born 21 May 1955) is a Russian politician who has served as a Minister of Defense of Russia from 6 November 2012. Laurie Dann Laurie Dann (born Laurie Ann Wasserman; October 18, 1957 – May 20, 1988) was an American murderer who shot and killed one boy, Nick Corwin, and wounded two girls and three boys in a Winnetka, Illinois elementary school. She then took a family hostage and shot another man, non-fatally, before killing herself. OpenVPN OpenVPN is a VPN protocol that is open-source. This means the source code is openly available for anyone to access and develop. An active community has formed around the OpenVPN project, which has kept it up-to-date and provided regular security audits to ensure it’s viability. It is particularly known for its security and privacy as well as its adjustability. OpenVPN typically works on any port and has five encryption algorithms to such as SSL, IPSec or SSH For the best security and privacy, you should use AES 256-bit encryption, which is essentially unbreakable and should also use a TCP 443 port. The TCP 443 port will make your connection similar to an https connection. It is essentially a secure connection which can help prevent website blocking and can help you bypass censorship. For greater speed, it is recommended to use UDP ports, and you can select the default, Blowfish-128 cipher. This isn’t the absolute highest level of security, but for most people, it will suffice and will operate significantly faster than AES 256 on TCP. Landing craft Landing craft are small or medium sized boats made to land at a beach. They help military troops move from their transport ships to the beach, when they cannot use a port. They are also used to deliver supplies and vehicles for troops. To get onto a beach, the landing craft has to be flat-bottomed. The lack of a proper keel makes them uncomfortable in rough seas. Ambala district Ambala district is a district in the Indian state of Haryana. The administrative headquarters is the town of Ambala. Tupolev TB-1 The Tupolev TB-1 (development name ANT-4) was a Soviet bomber aircraft produced by Tupolev. Camas County, Idaho Camas County is a county in the southern part of the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 1,117 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Fairfield. Virginia McLaurin Virginia McLaurin (born March 12, 1909-2022) is an American supercentenarian and community volunteer Born in South Carolina, she lives in Washington, D.C.. Her husband died in 1939 after a bar fight. She volunteers forty hours a week as a Senior Corps volunteer with the United Planning Organization's Foster Grandparents Program at the Roots Public Charter School. In 2013, McLaurin received a volunteer community service award from Mayor Vincent C. Gray in recognition of her voluntary work. She gained national attention after a visit to the White House on February 18, 2016 to celebrate Black History Month, after which a video of her dancing with President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama went viral on social media. She celebrated her 108th birthday with the Harlem Globetrotters. In March 2016, McLaurin received the President's Volunteer Service Award for her work of daily service to schoolchildren in the nation's capital. Caribou County, Idaho Caribou County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 6,963 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Soda Springs. Cassia County, Idaho Cassia County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 22,952, people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Burley. Thomas V. Miller Jr. Thomas V. "Mike" Miller Jr. (December 3, 1942 – January 15, 2021) was an American politician. He was born in Clinton, Maryland. Miller Jr. was the president of the Maryland Senate from 1987 until 2020. He was a state senator representing the 27th District, first elected in 1975. He is a Democrat. From 1971 to 1975, he was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates. In July 2018, Miller was diagnosed with prostate cancer and the disease advanced in December 2018. He died from the disease on January 15, 2021 at the age of 78. Clinton, Maryland Clinton is an unincorporated census-designated place (CDP) in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The population of Clinton was 35,970 at the 2010 census. Clinton is historically known for its role in the American Civil War for the Abraham Lincoln assassination. Clark County, Idaho Clark County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 982 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Dubois. Hyde County Hyde County is the name of two counties in the United States: Charlie Munger Charles Thomas Munger (born January 1, 1924) is an American investor, businessman and philanthropist. He is vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway alongside Warren Buffett. He is chairman of Wesco Financial Corporation from 1984 through 2011. He is also chairman of the Daily Journal Corporation and a director of Costco Wholesale Corporation. Munger was born in Omaha, Nebraska, in 1924. As a teenager he worked at Buffett & Son, a grocery store owned by Warren Buffett's grandfather. He enrolled in the University of Michigan, where he studied mathematics, but dropped out a few days after his 19th birthday to serve in the U.S. Army Air Corps, where he became a second lieutenant. He continued his studies in meteorology at Caltech in Pasadena, California. After his relocation to California, he was employed at a law firm before setting up his own firm. He later quit law and ventured into real estate development. He got his start as an investor in the early 1960s and is mostly known for his association with Buffett. As of 2019, his net worth is estimated at US$1.9 billion. Adams County, North Dakota Adams County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,343 people lived there. The county seat is Hettinger. Barnes County, North Dakota Barnes County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 11,066 people lived there. The county seat is Valley City. Benson County, North Dakota Benson County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 6,660 people lived there. The county seat is Minnewaukan. Grand Forks County, North Dakota Grand Forks County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 66,861 people lived there. The county seat is Grand Forks. Clute, Texas Clute is a city in, Brazoria County, Texas. As of the 2010 United States Census, 11,211 lived in the city. Geography. Clute has a total area of 5.69 square miles. People. Clute has 11,211 people living there. Liu He Liu He (; born 25 January 1952) is a Chinese economist and politician. He is a current member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China, and a Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China. Career. Liu is the Vice Chairman of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the deputy party group secretary of the NDRC, and the director of the General Office serving the Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission of the Communist Party of China, headed by Party General Secretary Xi Jinping. He was named vice-premier on 19 March 2018 and will be heading the Financial Stability and Development Commission. Abakan Abakan (; Khakas: or ) is the capital city of the Republic of Khakassia, Russia. As of the 2021 Census, 189,963 people lived there. Abernathy, Texas Abernathy is a city in Hale County, Texas. At the 2010 census, 2,805 people lived there. Archer City, Texas Archer City is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Archer County. Islam in Europe Islam is the second-largest and fastest-growing religion in Europe. Most Muslim communities in Europe formed recently, but certain areas on the Balkans have a long Muslim history. Islam entered southern Europe through the invading "Moors" of North Africa in the 8th–10th centuries. Many kingdoms and duchies in Spain, Portugal, Southern Italy and Malta have existed for centuries. After a series of conflicts and wars known as the Reconquista, these areas became Christian. Islam expanded into the Caucasus through the Muslim conquest of Persia in the 7th century. The Ottoman Empire expanded into southeastern Europe; it conquered large parts of the Byzantine Empire in the 14th and 15th centuries. Later, the power of the Ottoman empire faded, and it lost most of its territories in Europe. It collapsed in 1922. The countries of the Balkans still have large populations of native Muslims. Many of these Muslims have become secular. The term "Muslim Europe" is used for the Muslim-majority countries of Albania, Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Transcontinental countries, such as Turkey, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan have large Muslim populations, as does Russia in the North Caucasus. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, large numbers of Muslims immigrated to Western Europe. By 2010, an estimated 44 million Muslims were living in Europe (6%), including an estimated 19 million in the EU (3.8%). They are projected to be 8% by 2030. They are often the subject of intense discussion and political controversy created by events such as terrorist attacks, the cartoons affair in Denmark, debates over Islamic dress, and ongoing support for populist right-wing parties that view Muslims as a threat to European culture. Such events have also fueled growing debate regarding the topic of Islamophobia, attitudes toward Muslims and the populist right. The country where most Muslims live in western Europe today is France, where they account for 12.5% of the population. In the European Union, Bulgaria probably has the largest Muslim population, about 15 % of Bulgarians said they were Muslims. Igor Sergeev Igor Dmitrievich Sergeev (Russian: Игорь Дмитриевич Сергеев; 20 April 1938 — 10 November 2006) was a Russian politician. He served as a Minister of Defence of Russia from 22 May 1997 to 28 March 2001. Igor Ivanov Igor Sergeyevich Ivanov (Russian: Игорь Сергеевич Иванов; born 23 September 1945) is a Russian politician. He was a Foreign Minister of Russia from 30 September 1998 to 24 February 2004. Freedom Conservative Party of Alberta The Freedom Conservative Party of Alberta was a right-wing political party in Alberta, Canada. The party was created in 1999 as the Alberta First Party. In 2004, the party changed their name to the Separation Party of Alberta. In 2018, the party was renamed the Freedom Conservative Party of Alberta. In the 2019 general election, the Freedom Conservative Party received 0.5% of the popular vote. Derek Fildebrandt resigned as leader of the Freedom Conservative Party on April 30, 2019. In April 2020, the party agreed to merge with the Wexit Alberta to create the Wildrose Independence Party of Alberta. It became official in July 2020. Wildrose Party The Wildrose Party was a conservative political party in Alberta, Canada. The party was the official opposition in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta after the 2012 and 2015 elections. The party merged into the newly-created United Conservative Party in 2017. Anthracycline Anthracyclines are a class of antibiotic drugs. They are obtained from Streptomyces bacteria. They are used as a form of chemotherapy, to treat a number of cancers, inclusing blood cancer. The most important clinically are doxorubicin and daunorubicin. They act to inhibit cellular processes around DNA metabolism which results in the death of rapidly dividing cells. Most anthracyclines are administered directly into the blood. Common side effects include decreased immune cell production, nausea, vomiting and hair loss. The greatest potential side effect is dose related damage to heart tissue and modern treatment regimens are designed to minimise this risk. Research continues around new anthracycline variants and formulation with several clinical trials currently underway around the world. Zenzizenzizenzic Zenzizenzizenzic is the eighth power of a number. Robert Recorde in "The Whetstone of Witte", published in 1557. Although his spelling had the last letter of the word as k. This word is not used any more in math except as a curiosity. The Oxford English Dictionary has only one citation for it. It survives because it is unusual. The root word, is the Italian "censo", meaning squared. Zenzizenzizenzic is from a time when there was no easy way of writing the powers of numbers except as squares and cubes. The fourth power was represented by the square of a square. Zenzizenzic is a condensed form of the Italian censo di censo, used by Leonardo of Pisa in his famous book "Liber Abaci" of 1202. The eighth power is by extension zenzizenzizenzic. Similarly the sixth power would be zenzicube, the square of a cube. Zenzizenzizenzic has more Z's than any other word in English. Gari is a sweet pickled ginger. It is often served with Sushi. Bounty (chocolate bar) Bounty is a chocolate bar made by Mars, Incorporated and sold internationally. It was introduced in 1951 in the United Kingdom and Canada. It is a coconut filling coated with milk chocolate (which is sold in a blue wrapper) or dark chocolate (which is sold in a orange wrapper) and is usually sold as two pieces wrapped in one package. Almyra, Arkansas Almyra is a town in the US state of Arkansas. Amagon, Arkansas Amagon is a town in the U.S. state of Arkansas. Anthonyville, Arkansas Anthonyville is a town in the US state of Arkansas. Aubrey, Arkansas Aubrey is a town in the US state of Arkansas. Lonsdale, Arkansas Lonsdale is a city in the US state of Arkansas. Marmaduke, Arkansas Marmaduke is a city in Greene County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 1,111 in 2010. Barton, Arkansas Barton is an unincorporated community in the US state of Arkansas. Buffalo City, Arkansas Buffalo City is an unincorporated community in the US state of Arkansas. Avoca, Arkansas Avoca is a town in the US state of Arkansas. Garfield, Arkansas Garfield is a town in Benton County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 502 at the 2010 census. Gateway, Arkansas Gateway is a town in the US state of Arkansas. Bethel Heights, Arkansas Bethel Heights is a city in the US state of Arkansas. Cave Springs, Arkansas Cave Springs is a city in the US state of Arkansas. Clearwater County, Idaho Clearwater County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 8,761 people lived there. The county seat is Orofino. Founded in 1911, the county was named after the Clearwater River. The county is home to North Fork of the Clearwater River, and a small part of the South Fork and the main Clearwater. It is in the county are the Dworshak Reservoir, Dworshak State Park, Dworshak National Fish Hatchery, and the Dworshak Dam, third highest in the U.S. The modest Bald Mountain ski area is between Orofino and Pierce. Lincoln County, Idaho Lincoln County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 5,208 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Shoshone. The county is named after President Abraham Lincoln. It was founded on March 18, 1895. Little Flock, Arkansas Little Flock is a city in the US state of Arkansas. Crowley's Ridge Parkway Crowley's Ridge Parkway is a national scenic byway in the northeast Arkansas. McDonnell Douglas MD-90 The McDonnell Douglas MD-90 is a twin-engine, short/medium-range commercial jet airliner seating 172 passengers. McDonnell Douglas DC-9 The McDonnell Douglas DC-9 is a twin-engine, short-range jet airliner seating 110 passengers. Edith Humphrey Edith Ellen Humphrey (11 September 1875 – 25 February 1978) was an inorganic chemist. She was probably the first woman from Britain to get a doctorate in chemistry. Life story. Early life. Edith Humphrey's father, John, was a clerk (secretary). Her mother, Louisa, was a teacher. John Humprey was poor when he was a child and wanted all his sons and daughters to get an education. Edith's two older sisters were teachers. One of her brothers was an inventor. Humphrey went to North London Collegiate School, one of the first girls' schools in the UK to teach science. From 1893 to 1897 Humphrey studied chemistry and physics at Bedford College, London. When she finished her degree she went to do a PhD (doctorate) at the University of Zurich. Postgraduate study. On 17 October 1898, Humphrey entered the University of Zurich. Her supervisor, Alfred Werner, found that Humphrey was talented, and made her his assistant. Humphrey worked hard, and was disappointed by the social life. Humphrey was Werner's first student to successfully prepare a type of compound that were very important in his development and proof of his coordination theory. One of these compounds, the cis-bis(ethylenediamine)dinitrocobalt(III) bromide, was the first creation of a chiral octahedral cobalt complex. Hurricane Willa Hurricane Willa was a 2018 Pacific hurricane. The storm threatened to hit the Mexico of Sinaloa. It was the third Category 5 hurricane since Hurricanes Lane and Walaka in August and October 2018. Up to its landfall, Willa prompted the issuance of hurricane and tropical storm watches and warnings for western Mexico. The hurricane killed six people in Mexico, and caused heavy damage near where it moved ashore. Tulsi Gabbard 2020 presidential campaign The 2020 presidential campaign of Tulsi Gabbard, the U.S. Representative for Hawaii's 2nd congressional district began on January 11, 2019. On October 19, 2018, "Politico" said that Gabbard was "weighing a 2020 presidential bid" but would not make an announcement until after the 2018 midterm elections. On December 12, 2018, on MSNBC's "Hardball with Chris Matthews", Gabbard said she was "seriously considering" running for president in 2020. In a January 11, 2019 interview with CNN's Van Jones, Gabbard announced her plans to run for the Democratic presidential nomination and said she would officially announce "within the next week." After failing to qualify in recent debates or winning any primary contests, Gabbard left the race on March 19, 2020, and supported Joe Biden. Pacers–Pistons brawl The Pacers–Pistons brawl was a violent fight. It took place at a National Basketball Association (NBA) game between the Indiana Pacers and Detroit Pistons on November 19, 2004. It happened at the Palace of Auburn Hills in Auburn Hills, Michigan. The Associated Press called it "the most infamous brawl in NBA history." The media called it "the worst night in NBA history." With 45.9 seconds left in the game, Pistons center Ben Wallace went up for a layup. He was fouled by Pacers small forward Ron Artest. Wallace was mad for being fouled when the game had been already decided. He pushed Artest. A fight took place on the court between several players. When the fight was broken up, a fan threw a drink at Artest while he was lying on the scorer's table. Artest then went after the fan. That caused a massive fight between players and spectators. The fight went from the seats to the court. It lasted several minutes. After the game, the NBA didn't allow nine NBA players a total of 146 games. That led to $11 million in salaries being lost by the players. Ron Artest, Jermaine O'Neal, Ben Wallace and Stephen Jackson were taken from NBA basketball playing for a time on November 20, 2004. Artest was taken from NBA basketball playing for the rest of the 2004–05 season. He lost almost $5 million in salary. Jermaine O'Neal also lost more than $4 million for his part in the fights. The players who were removed lost a total of $11 million in salary. Venezuelan presidential crisis From early January 2019, Venezuela has been experiencing a Presidential crisis, with unclear leadership and terms of Presidency. Despite encouragement to resign as president when his first term expired on 10 January 2019, Nicolás Maduro inaugurated himself. This resulted in widespread condemnation, the National Assembly invoking a State of emergency, and nations removing their embassies from Venezuela. With their belief that his election was illegitimate, they claimed that by retaking power, Maduro was converting Venezuela into an illegal "de facto" dictatorship. Juan Guaidó, the newly appointed President of the National Assembly of Venezuela, began motions to form a transitional government as soon as he took the National Assembly role on 5 January 2019; whether Maduro took office on the 10th or not, the country would not have a legitimately elected president. On behalf of the National Assembly, he became one of the first to denounce Maduro taking office, saying that the country had fallen into a "de facto" dictatorship and had no leader, and that they were in a state of emergency. Maduro's government states that the crisis is a ""coup d'état" led by the United States to remove him from power and control the country's oil reserves." 2019 Gabonese coup d'état attempt On 7 January 2019, the Armed Forces of Gabon announced a coup d'état in Gabon. Military officers claimed that they had removed President Ali Bongo. Bongo became president in 2016 after a disputed election and protests. Ali Bongo was receiving medical treatment in Morocco. While he was there, armed rebels in the capital city Libreville acted. They took hostages. They said that they had created a "National Restoration Council" to "restore democracy in Gabon." During this time, the Internet was sometimes not available. It is unknown if the Internet was shut down by the rebels themselves or by civilians. Gabon's government later said that it had gotten control again. Juan Guaidó Juan Gerardo Guaidó Márquez (born 28 July 1983) is a Venezuelan engineer and politician. He is the President of the National Assembly of Venezuela and was a member of the Popular Will political party. He is a representative for the state of Vargas. The Constitution of Venezuela lets the President of the National Assembly hold the role of Interim President of Venezuela if nobody else can have it. Guaidó took oath on 23 January 2019 to be interim president, because people rejected Nicolás Maduro as the president. Many countries recognize Guaidó as president, but others don't. Early life and education. Guaidó grew up with a large family, who were middle-class but humble. His parents were an airline pilot and a teacher. One of his grandfathers was a sergeant of the Venezuelan National Guard, the other grandfather was a captain in the Venezuelan Navy. He survived the 1999 Vargas tragedy which left his family temporarily homeless. He earned his high school diploma in 2000. The tragedy may have influenced his political views, he did not think that Hugo Chávez's government helped his family afterwards. Guaidó has an undergraduate degree in industrial engineering. He was awarded this in 2007 at Andrés Bello Catholic University. He has two postgraduate degrees related to business, one from George Washington University in the United States, and the other from the Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración in Caracas. He is married to Fabiana Rosales, a journalist, and they have a daughter named Miranda. Activism. Guaidó was part of a student-led political movement that was set up to protest about an independent television network RCTV not being able to operate any more due to the government. He helped set up the movement when he was 23. This was also the year he graduated from Andrés Bello. The group protested other government acts, including the 2007 constitutional referendum, which Chávez lost. Two years later, in 2009, Guaidó helped set up a political party, the Popular Will party. He is a member of this party. In 2014, he was the party's national coordinator. CNN says that he was "mentored for years" by Leopoldo López, a more famous member of Popular Will. Guaidó and López talk to each other a lot, even though López cannot leave his house. Guaidó was well known to other people in Popular Will, but was not famous to other people until 2019, when López said he should be leader of Popular Will. Venezuelan National Assembly. In the 2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election, Guaidó was elected as a back-up representative. In 2015 he was elected to be the main representative, with 26% of the vote. He represents an area that used to not support his party. Even though he wasn't very famous, Guaidó stopped eating as a protest so that there would be elections in 2015. In 2017 he took an important communications job in the National Assembly. In 2018, he became the person in charge of the National Assembly, because he was named the head of the biggest alliance in the National Assembly. He helped out by telling stories to people at the University of Arizona, who were looking at the conditions of politicians in Latin America. In the National Assembly, Guaidó looked into the staff of Maduro being corrupt, and worked with outside people to take back money that had been stolen from the Venezuelan public. He took part in the 2017 Venezuelan protests. He has a scar on his neck after he was shot with rubber bullets. President of the National Assembly. Guaidó was elected President of the National Assembly of Venezuela in December 2018. He was sworn in on 5 January 2019. Relatives of other politicians who have been locked up were invited to the inauguration, where they stood on the balcony behind the banner of Juan Requesens. Guaidó is the youngest person to lead the opposition. When he was officially in the job, he said he would stand up to Nicolás Maduro, and gave an eight-point action plan to do that. The plan, which the National Assembly agrees with, has three phases and eight key points: On 15 January 2019, the National Assembly made a plan to work with other countries. They asked these other countries to not let Maduro access his money or money that belongs to Venezuela. Guaidó wrote an article on 15 January 2019 in "The Washington Post". In his article he told people about the problems in Venezuela and how he can fix it. Guaidó spoke to the "Wall Street Journal" about his methods to lead people, where he says people should be "holding out a hand". He said that he would not lock up members of the army who stopped helping Maduro and helped him instead. Other country leaders nearby to Venezuela asked Maduro to not become president again in 2019, wanting a better election. Detention and release. Guaidó was taken to prison for 45 minutes on 13 January 2019 by the Venezuelan secret police. The Lima Group and the person in charge of the Organization of American States (OAS), Luis Almagro, said that Guaidó being arrested was wrong. Maduro said the people who locked him up had not been told to do that by anyone official. Twelve of the people who did it were arrested for disobeying orders. Guaidó said that the soldiers disobeying showed that Maduro was not in control. Interim President of Venezuela. Assumption of presidential powers and duties. Article 233 of the Constitution of Venezuela says that there are situations when the president of the National Assembly can take the job of president of Venezuela, if there is no other president. Lots of people thought that Maduro had not been elected in a way that paid attention to other rules in the Constitution, and so Guaidó could become the president. Guaidó agreed on 10 January 2019 and said that he would try to become president. The National Assembly asked for people to protest on 23 January. This is an important day in Venezuela, because it is on this day that they got rid of an old president who was a dictator. Lots of people all over the world protested on the day. Guaidó said that he was president. Maduro was not happy about this, blaming it on the United States (U.S.). Maduro said he would not deal with the U.S. The U.S., Canada, and several Latin American countries gave their support to Guaidó to be interim president on the same day; Russia, China, Iran, Syria, Cuba and Turkey supported Maduro. On 29 January, the TSJ began investigating Guaidó, stopping him from having his money or leaving the country. Domestic policy. Humanitarian. The day after becoming the interim president, Guaidó asked for help for the people of Venezuela. The U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo gave him $20 million. Amnesty Law. On 25 January, Guaidó made an Amnesty Law, which the National Assembly agreed with. It would help the National Assembly by supporting military personnel and authorities who help him. He suggested that if Maduro gives up power, he may receive amnesty. In his first weekend as interim president, he held another public assembly, asking supporters to spread the word of the Amnesty Law throughout the country to military, police and other people it may affect. Finance and economy. Guaidó asked the Bank of England and British Prime Minister Theresa May to not give Maduro any of £1.2 billion of gold that belongs to Venezuela. He asked for them to give access to the gold to the opposition instead. In the same week, the US Treasury made sanctions to prevent US purchases from PDVSA (Venezuela's state-run oil company), and gave Guaidó control of some Venezuelan things in the country. Foreign policy. Carlos Vecchio was made the ambassador to the US for Guaidó's government. Gustavo Tarre Briceño was named by Guaidó as Venezuela's Permanent Representative to the Organization of American States. The National Assembly approved eleven diplomatic appointments on 29 January, including as ambassador to Colombia and Elisa Trotta Gamus as ambassador to Argentina. Recognition. In January 2019 Guaidó was recognized as the interim president of Venezuela by many individual nations in the Americas and around the world, and rejected by others, including the Chinese, Turkish, and Russian governments and the pro-Maduro Supreme Tribunal of Justice. The Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela in exile welcomed him as interim president. The European Union did not say whether they recognized Guaidó as president of Venezuela, but did say on 23 January 2019 that it "fully supports the National Assembly as the democratically elected institution whose powers need to be restored and respected", adding that "the civil rights, freedom and safety of all members of the National Assembly, including its President, Juan Guaidó, need to be observed and fully respected". On 26 January 2019, Spain, France, Germany and the United Kingdom gave Maduro an eight-day ultimatum, saying they would recognize Juan Guaido as president unless Maduro calls for elections within those eight days. The Organization of American States (OAS) made a decision on 10 January 2019 "to not recognize the legitimacy of Nicolas Maduro's new term". Luis Almagro, Secretary General of the OAS, recognized Guaidó on 23 January. In a special meeting of the OAS on 24 January, sixteen countries, including the US, recognized Guaidó as president, but they did not achieve the majority needed for a resolution. Political persona and diplomacy. "Time" magazine described Guaidó as charismatic, saying that he had "unified a divided opposition". He is known for "building unity among fellow legislators", according to a Bloomberg article. Michael Shifter said that he "has tried to reach out to the military, tried to unify the opposition and tried to reach Chavista folks as well". Guaidó is described by fellow politician Freddy Guevara as humble, sincere, a fighter, and "eternal optimist", and David Smolansky says that he "was incredibly brave [to challenge Maduro]". Vox interviewed an expert on Venezuelan politics who said that Guaidó was "uncharismatic", and compared him to former US President Barack Obama, saying they were similar at public addresses. "The Guardian" noted that Guaidó has adopted the same "rallying cry" as Obama's "Yes we can": "Sí, se puede!". An article in "The Nation" calls Guaidó a "second-string politician" who "simply declared himself acting president" in a brazen power grab. "The Guardian" reported concerns that Guaidó was allied with far-right leaders, Brazil's Jair Bolsonaro and the United States' Donald Trump. Media. In January 2019, within minutes of Venezuela's state-run media posting a video attempting to discredit Guaidó, the Instagram hashtag #guaidochallenge went viral, trending worldwide. Dimitris Sioufas Dimitris Sioufas (; 15 August 1944 – 11 January 2019) was a Greek lawyer and New Democracy politician. He was born in Ellinopyrgos, Karditsa, Greece. He was first elected to the Greek Parliament for the Karditsa constituency in the 1981 general election, and has been reelected at every election since. He was Deputy Minister of Social Security from August 1991 to December 1992 and Minister of Health, Welfare and Social Services from December 1992 to October 1993. From 2007 to 2009, he was Speaker of the Hellenic Parliament. Rudolf Raff Rudolf A. Raff (November 10, 1941 – January 5, 2019) was a Canadian-born American biologist, and James H. Rudy Professor of Biology at Indiana University. He was known for research in, and promotion of, evolutionary developmental biology. He was also director of the Indiana Molecular Biology Institute. Raff died on January 5, 2019 at a hospital in Bloomington, Indiana at the age of 77. Theo Adam Theo Adam (1 August 1926 – 11 January 2019) was a German operatic Bass singer. He was born in Dresden. He had an active international career in operas, concerts, and recitals from the 1940s through the 1990s. His best known works were operas of Richard Wagner. On the concert stage, he was a much admired Bach singer and also drew acclaim for his work of the title character of Felix Mendelssohn's "Elijah". Adam died on 11 January 2019 at the age of 92. Dianne Oxberry Diane Clare Oxberry (13 August 1967 – 10 January 2019) was an English broadcaster and weather presenter for the BBC regional news programme "North West Tonight". She also the regional current affairs programme "Inside Out North West". Oxberry was born in Sunderland, County Durham, England. Oxberry was last on-air on "North West Tonight" in mid-December 2018. Oxberry died at a hospital in Manchester on 10 January 2019 from pancreatic cancer, aged 51. KLM Cityhopper KLM Cityhopper is the regional airline subsidiary of KLM that was founded in April 1991. It is headquartered in Haarlemmermeer, Netherlands. It is a SkyTeam airline. It operated Fokker 50, Fokker 70, Fokker 100, Fokker F28 Fellowship and Saab-340 in the past. It currently operates Embraer 175 and Embraer 190 aircraft. Notable pilots. In 2017 Willem-Alexander, King of the Netherlands revealed that he had been flying secretly as a copilot twice a month for KLM Cityhopper for the past 21 years, including the state plane. Shay Mitchell Shay Mitchell (born Shannon Ashley Garcia Mitchell; 10 April 1987) is a Canadian-Filipino actress, model, entrepreneur and author. She became known for her role as Emily Fields in the Freeform series "Pretty Little Liars" (2010–2017). In 2018, Mitchell starred in the psychological thriller series "You" and the horror movie "The Possession of Hannah Grace". 2019 Alberta general election The 2019 Alberta general election was the 30th general election in Alberta, Canada. The election was held to elect members to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. It took place on April 16, 2019. Parties. These are the major parties in Alberta. Opinion polls. Below is the 3-day average of opinion polls towards the election. Bank Norwegian Bank Norwegian AS, or just Bank Norwegian is a world wide financial company. Bank Norwegian started in Norway. Bank Norwegian offers banking, investments, life insurance and retirement services. María Félix María de los Ángeles Félix Güereña ( (8 April 1914 – 8 April 2002) was a Mexican actress and singer. She was known for the title role of "Doña Bárbara" (1943). She appeared in almost 50 movies made in Mexico, Spain, France, Italy and Argentina. Félix died on 8 April 2002 in Mexico City from a heart attack at the age of 88. Julian Castro 2020 presidential campaign The 2020 presidential campaign of Julian Castro, former United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, began on January 12, 2019. Castro was the fourth office-holding Democrat to formally announce a campaign in the 2020 U.S. presidential election, following Congressman John Delaney, State Sen. Richard Ojeda, and Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard. Castro would have become the first Hispanic president of the United States. Castro would also have been the first president elected from the cabinet since Herbert Hoover. Castro ended his campaign on January 2, 2020 following low polling numbers. He endorsed Elizabeth Warren for President on January 6. Alan Trask Alan Trask (June 26, 1933 – January 9, 2019) was an American politician. He was born in Bartow, Florida. He was elected to the Florida State Senate for the 27th district in 1968 until 1971. He was redistricted to the 13th district in 1973, and represented it until 1982. He was a former president pro tempore of the senate and was a member of the Democratic Party. He later switched to the Republican Party. Trask died on January 9, 2019 at a hospital in Lakeland, Florida from respiratory failure, aged 85. Beyond the Boundary is a Japanese light novel series. It was written by Nagomu Torii with illustrations by Tomoyo Kamoi. The work won an honorable mention in the Kyoto Animation Award competition in 2011. Kyoto Animation has published three volumes since June 2012. There is an anime television series based on this light novel series. It was produced by Kyoto Animation. It aired in Japan between October and December 2013. An original video animation episode was released in July 2014. A two-part anime movie was released in March and April 2015. Light novels. "Beyond the Boundary" began as a light novel written by Nagomu Torii. Torii entered the first novel in the series into the second Kyoto Animation Award contest in 2011. It won an honorable mention in the novel category. The studio later published the first volume on June 9, 2012. Three volumes have been released as of October 2, 2013. Banksia oblongifolia Banksia oblongifolia, commonly known as the fern-leaved, dwarf or rusty banksia, is a shrub found in Glasshouse Mountains. It can be found in the central part of the east coast of Australia, from about Wollogong, New South Wales, to Rockhampton, Queensland. Passive-aggressive behaviour Passive-aggressive behaviour is "indirect" aggression that pretends to be innocent. This means someone pretends to be nice, but is actually being mean. It can happen when people do what others want to stop direct confrontation, but they do not agree with what is ordered or suggested. A passive-aggressive person tries to hide their anger. For example, "I would have had a good day if I hadn't been cleaning up someone's mess". This sounds okay when someone first reads it, but it is actually them being mad at the person who made the mess. This is not a psychological problem. It is just a way of behaving. In the workplace it occurs when people do not want to do what the employer wants them to do. The behaviour was first defined during World War II. Men were not openly defiant. They used "passive measures, such as pouting, stubbornness, procrastination, inefficiency, and passive obstructionism" to show their feelings. Examples of passive-aggressive behavior might include avoiding direct or clear communication, evading problems, fear of intimacy or competition, making excuses, blaming others, obstructionism, playing the victim, feigning compliance with requests, sarcasm, backhanded compliments, and hiding anger. Personality disorder. Extreme cases may become psychiatric problems. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders revision IV (DSM-IV) says passive-aggressive personality disorder is a "pervasive pattern of negativistic attitudes and passive resistance to demands for adequate performance in social and occupational situations". 2016 Atlantic hurricane season The 2016 Atlantic hurricane season was an above-average hurricane season in terms of ACE. It had 15 named storms, 7 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes in which tropical cyclones were formed in the Northern Hemisphere at the Atlantic basin. The hurricane season officially started on June 1, and officially ended on November 30. Gala (apple) Gala is a variety of eating and cooking apple. This variety is crisp, juicy and sweet. The skin color of the fruit is non-uniform. It usually has a red skin that can have some additional yellow color. The gala apple was created in New Zealand by crossing Kidd’s orange red and golden delicious apples. In the United States, it was projected in 2019 to be the most highly produced apple variety. Jazz (apple) Jazz is a trademarked brand of the Scifresh cultivar of domesticated apple. It is a cross between Royal Gala and Braeburn, both originally grown in New Zealand. Scifresh is sweet, crunchy and juicy. The color is flushes of red and maroon over shades of light green, yellow and orange. Elmore County, Idaho Elmore County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 29,130 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Mountain Home. Teton County, Idaho Teton County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 10,170 people lived there. The county seat is Driggs, and the largest city is Victor. The county was created in 1915 and was named after the Teton Mountains to the east. Chapin, Idaho Chapin is an unincorporated community of Idaho in the United States. Arbon, Idaho Arbon is an unincorporated community of Idaho in the United States. Zell am Ziller Zell am Ziller is a market town in the Schwaz district in the Austrian state of Tyrol. The name comes from the river Ziller. Billings County, North Dakota Billings County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 783 people lived there. The county seat is Medora. Brikama Brikama is the second largest city in the Gambia. As of 2013, it has about 84,000 people living there. Bassett, Arkansas Bassett is a town in the US state of Arkansas. Franklin County, Idaho Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 12,786 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Preston. Sukow Sukow is a municipality in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Districts. Sukow has two districts ("Ortsteil"): Valley County, Idaho Valley County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 9,862 people lived there. The county seat is Cascade, and the largest city is McCall. Without Me (Halsey song) "Without Me" is a song by American recording artist Halsey. It was released on October 4, 2018, by Capitol Records, as a single from her upcoming album, "Manic" (2020). The music video for the song was released on October 29, 2018. It is an R&B and pop song that discusses a breakup with a partner. It features claps, finger snaps, and understated drums. "Without Me" became Halsey's first number-one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 as a soloist and her second chart-topper overall, after "Closer" with The Chainsmokers in 2016. "Without Me" uses pieces of the song "Cry Me a River" by Justin Timberlake. Dniproavia Dniproavia is an airline headquartered at Dnipro, Ukraine that was founded in 1996. It operates scheduled and chartered passenger flights It previously operated Antonov An-26, Boeing 737-300, Boeing 737-400, Boeing 737-500, Yakovlev Yak-40 and Yakovlev Yak-42 aircraft. It currently operates Embraer EMB 145 aircraft. Embraer ERJ family Embraer ERJ family is a series of of twin-engine regional jets produced by Embraer. The aircraft are ERJ135, ERJ140 and ERJ145. Aceh Aceh () is a province of Indonesia at the northern end of Sumatra. Its capital and largest city is Banda Aceh. It is close to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India across the Andaman Sea. Aceh is a religiously conservative territory and the only Indonesian province practicing Sharia law officially. Islam first entered Indonesia here. Aceh has large amounts of oil and natural gas. Some estimate that Aceh gas reserves are one of the largest in the world. Tsunami disaster. The west coast of Aceh, including the cities of Banda Aceh, Calang, and Meulaboh, were hit hard by the tsunami after the magnitude 9.2 Indian Ocean earthquake on 26 December 2004. More than 170,000 people were killed by tsunami in Aceh and about 500,000 were homeless. Government. Aceh is governed not as an Indonesian province but as a special territory ("daerah istimewa"). This different title is to give the area more from the central government in Jakarta. Internal divisions. The province is has eighteen regencies ("kabupaten") and five cities ("kota"). The capital and the largest city is Banda Aceh. It on the coast near the northern tip of Sumatra. Antonov An-28 Antonov An-28 (Russian: Антонов Ан-28; NATO reporting name: Cash) is a twin-engined light turboprop transport aircraft, developed from the Antonov An-14. The Roots The Roots is an American hip hop band. It was formed in 1987 by Tariq "Black Thought" Trotter and Ahmir "Questlove" Thompson in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 2014, the Roots became the house band on NBC's "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon". They were also the house band on "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon" from 2009 to 2014. The band is one of the few hip hop groups to use mostly live instruments instead of sampling and to produce electronically. They have released several albums that are very popular within the genre. "Things Fall Apart" is considered by many to be their best. Band members. Current members Former members Discography. Studio albums Cachar district Cachar district is a district of Assam, India. Suzan DelBene Suzan DelBene (born February 17, 1962) is an American politician. Work. DelBene worked at Microsoft before she was a politician. Politics. DelBene has been a member of the United States House of Representatives since 2012. She first tried to be elected as a Representative in 2010 but lost. She won the 2012 Representative elections. She also won the race to finish Jay Inslee's term in the House. Jay Inslee decided to leave early. She is a member of the Democratic Party, and she represents part of Washington state. Personal life. DelBene was born in Selma, Alabama. She went to college at Reed University. Later, she went to the University of Washington. DelBene lives in Medina, Washington. Medina is part of the area that she represents in Congress. Pneumodesmus Pneumodesmus newmani is a species of millipede that lived in the Paleozoic era. Its exact age is uncertain. 428 million years ago in the late Silurian was first suggested. A later study suggested the early Devonian. It is the first myriapod fossil, and the oldest known creature to have lived on land. The single specimen was discovered in 2004 near Stonehaven, Aberdeenshire. Discovery and naming. The fossil of "P. newmani" was found by Mike Newman. He is a bus driver and amateur palaeontologist from Aberdeen. The fossil was in a layer of sandstone rocks on the foreshore of Cowie, near Stonehaven. The species was later called "newmani" in honour of its finder. The fossil is kept in National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh. Description. In the photograph above, you can see the back is covered with hard plates, and wispy slender legs. The animal is definitely segmented, and it is like, or related to, millipedes. Its cuticle has what look like openings or spiracles. These are part of a gas exchange system that would work in air. So "P. newmani" is thought to be the earliest documented arthropod with a tracheal system, and the first known oxygen-breathing animal on land. The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon is an American late-night talk show hosted by Jimmy Fallon, on NBC. The show premiered on February 17, 2014, and is produced by Broadway Video and Universal Television. It is the seventh (and current) version of NBC's long-running "Tonight Show" franchise, with Fallon being the sixth host. The show also stars sidekick and announcer Steve Higgins and house band The Roots. The show records from Studio 6B in Rockefeller Center, New York City, which is the same studio in which "Tonight Starring Jack Paar" and then "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson" were produced from 1957 until 1972. The program airs weeknights at 11:35 p.m. ET/PT. The show has been nominated for nine Primetime Emmy Awards, winning two. On August 13, 2015, NBC announced that Fallon signed a contract to remain as host until at least 2021. Fremont County, Idaho Fremont County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 13,242 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is St. Anthony. Gillham, Arkansas Gillham is a town in the US state of Arkansas. Horatio, Arkansas Horatio is a city in the US state of Arkansas. Lockesburg, Arkansas Lockesburg is a city in the US state of Arkansas. Ben Lomond, Arkansas Ben Lomond is a town in the US state of Arkansas. Jaime Rosenthal Jaime Rolando Rosenthal Oliva (5 May 1936 – 12 January 2019) was a Honduran politician. He was the third Vice President of Honduras from 1986 to 1989 and a member of National Congress of Honduras from 2002 to 2006. Rosenthal died following a heart attack on 12 January 2019. He was 82 years old. Alan and Marilyn Bergman Alan Bergman (born September 11, 1925) and Marilyn Bergman (née Keith; November 10, 1929 – January 8, 2022) were American lyricists and songwriters. They were married in 1958. They were both born in Brooklyn, New York City. Alan studied at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill while Marilyn studied at New York University. The Bergmans wrote the music and lyrics for many well known television shows, movies, and stage musicals. The Bergmans won two Academy Awards for Best Original Song and have been added into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. They also won four Emmy Awards and a Grammy Award in 1975. They wrote songs for "In the Heat of the Night", "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial", "Tootsie", "The Thomas Crown Affair", "The Happy Ending", and "The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart". Marilyn Bergman died on January 8, 2022 at her home in Los Angeles from respiratory failure, aged 93. Elizabeth Edgar Elizabeth Edgar (27 December 1929 – 1 January 2019) was a New Zealand botanist. She was best known for her work in writing and editing three of the five volumes of the series "Flora of New Zealand". It describes the species of flora of the country. She was known for her taxonomic work on the biodiversity of New Zealand. Edgar died on 1 January 2019, in Christchurch, at the age of 89. Batton Lash Batton Lash (October 29, 1953 – January 12, 2019) was an American comics creator. He was best known for the series "Wolff and Byrd, Counselors of the Macabre" (aka "Supernatural Law"). He won many awards for his work, including an Inkpot Award, an Independent Book Publishers Association's Benjamin Franklin Award, an Eisner Award, and nominations for two Harvey Awards. Lash died at the age of 65 from brain cancer in San Diego, California. Patricia Wald Patricia Ann McGowan Wald (September 16, 1928 – January 12, 2019) was an American judge. She was the Chief United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (D.C. Circuit) and as a judge of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. She was the first woman to be appointed to the D.C. Circuit and the first to be a Chief Judge of that court. She was a member of the American Bar Association's International Criminal Court Project and on the Council of the American Law Institute. Wald died in Washington, D.C., on January 12, 2019, from pancreatic cancer, aged 90. Phil Masinga Philemon Raul Masinga (28 June 1969 – 13 January 2019) was a South African professional footballer and manager. He played as a striker from 1991 to 2002. He was born in Klerksdorp, South Africa. He played in the English Premier League for Leeds United, and Italian Serie A for Salernitana and Bari. He also played for Jomo Cosmos, Mamelodi Sundowns, St. Gallen and Al-Wahda. He represented South Africa in 58 international games, scoring 18 goals. In 2006, he briefly went into football management with PJ Stars. Masinga died, aged 49, at a hospital in Klerksdorp on 13 January 2019 after being hospitalized for cancer a month earlier. Antonov An-14 Antonov An-14 (Russian: Антонов Ан-14; NATO reporting name: Clod) is a Soviet utility aircraft that first flew in 15 March 1958. Mil Mi-4 Mil Mi-4 (Russian: Мил Ми-4; NATO reporting name: Hound) is a Soviet transport helicopter that first flew in 3 June 1952. Lionel Price Lionel Price (6 February 1927 – 10 January 2019) was a British basketball player. He competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics. He was part of the British basketball team, which finished twentieth in the Olympic tournament. Price died on 10 January 2019 at the age of 91. Wu Chengzhang Wu Chengzhang or Woo Cheng-Chang (born 7 May 1924) is a Chinese basketball player. He competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics. Wu was part of the China basketball team, which finished 18th in the Olympic tournament. Afterwrads, Wu returned to China, where he played and coached basketball in his hometown of Shanghai until he retired. Wu is one of China's last remaining 1948 Olympians. Otto Sonnenholzner Otto Ramón Sonnenholzner Sper (born 19 March 1983) is an Ecuadorian radio broadcaster, politician, and economist. He was the 50th Vice President of Ecuador from 11 December 2018 to 10 July 2020. Sonnenholzner replaced María Vicuña. He was born in Guayaquil. Blasco Peñaherrera Padilla Blasco Peñaherrera Padilla (born 22 February 1934) is an Ecuadorian politician. He was the 37th Vice President of Ecuador from 1984 to 1988. He served during the León Febres Cordero presidency. He was born in Quito. Eduardo Peña Triviño Eduardo Peña Triviño (born 26 August 1936) is an Ecuadorian politician, lawyer and writer. He was born in Palenque, Ecuador. He was the 40th Vice President of Ecuador from 1995 to 1996. He served during the Sixto Durán Ballén presidency. He replaced Alberto Dahik. Alberto Dahik Alberto Dahik Garzozi (born August 27, 1953) is an Ecuadorian politician. He is of Lebanese ancestry. He was born in Guayaquil. Dahik was a member of the Conservative Party. In 1986, he was Ecuador's Finance Minister. From 1988 to 1992, he was a member of the National Congress. In 1992, President Sixto Durán Ballén picked Dahik as his Vice President. He was Vice President from 1992 to 1995. In 1995, the Supreme Court of Ecuador charged Dahik with embezzlement. However, Dahik was able to escape to Costa Rica where was given asylum. In December 2011, Dahik returned to Ecuador and was granted amnesty by President Rafael Correa, but was forced to court. In January 2012, he was acquitted of all crimes. Slangkop Lighthouse Slangkop Lighthouse is a lighthouse in the town of Kommetjie, near to Cape Town, South Africa. History. The lighthouse was supposed to be built by 1914. A brass made sign was already prepared for the opening. The construction of the lighthouse was delayed because of the start of World War I. It was finally completed in 1918. However, the lighthouse was in use before 1918. HMS Himalaya noted the lighthouse was in use in the ship log on 19 July 1917. The lighthouse officially opened in 4 March 1919. It is a white circular tower made of iron. The height of the lighthouse is 33 metres. Roger Staubach Roger Thomas Staubach (born February 5, 1942), nicknamed "Roger the Dodger", "Captain America" and "Captain Comeback", is a former American football quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. Staubach played for the Dallas Cowboys from 1969 to 1979. In November 2018 he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Donald Trump. Alan Page Alan Cedric Page (born August 7, 1945) is an American former professional American football player and judge. He played defensive tackle for the Minnesota Vikings in the 1970s. After his professional career, he was an associate justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court from 1993 until he retired in 2015. Page was the first defensive player to win the MVP Award. He is a member of both the College Football Hall of Fame (1993) and the Pro Football Hall of Fame (1988). In November 2018, President Donald Trump awarded Page the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Martian Successor Nadesico Martian Successor Nadesico is a science fiction comedy anime television series and a manga series. The manga series was created by Kia Asamiya. The manga was published in English by CPM Manga. The manga is loosely based on the anime. The "Martian Successor Nadesico" anime was directed by Tatsuo Sato. It was produced by TV Tokyo, Xebec, and Yomiko Advertising, Inc. The series aired on the Bandai Channel and TV Tokyo from November 1, 1996 to March 24, 1997. It has a sequel movie called "". It is a 1998 anime movie written and directed by Tatsuo Sato. The movie won the Animage Anime Grand Prix prize in 1998. In other polls conducted by Animage, the TV series was voted the third "Favorite Anime Of The Year". Unbiunium Unbiunium is a hypothetical (theoretical or imagined) element of the periodic table. It is also known as eka-actinium. Its atomic number should be 121 and it has the symbol Ubu. The name Unbiunium and the symbol Ubu are temporary IUPAC names (meaning "one-two-one" in Latin). This name and symbol exist until a permanent name is decided and the element is created. It is expected to be a F-block element and in a group call the superactinides. It is the third element in the eighth period of the periodic table. Creation attempts. The synthesis of unbiunium was first attempted in 1977 by bombarding a target of uranium-238 with copper-65 ions at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany: No atoms were identified. Another alternative name is "Lavoisium". Unbibium Unbibium, also known as element 122 or eka-thorium, is the possible chemical element in the periodic table with the placeholder symbol of Ubb and atomic number 122. "Unbibium" and "Ubb" are the temporary systematic IUPAC name and symbol, which are used until the element is discovered, confirmed, and a permanent name is decided upon. In the periodic table of the elements, it is expected to follow unbiunium as the second element of the superactinides and the fourth element of the 8th period. Similarly to unbiunium, it is expected to fall within the range of the island of stability. Another alternative name is Diburnium Dave Laing David William "Dave" Laing (9 January 1947 – 7 January 2019) was an English writer, editor, and broadcaster. Laing was editor of the monthly British music magazine "Let It Rock" from October 1972 to October 1973. He co-authored, with Phil Hardy, "The Faber Companion to 20th Century Popular Music" (1995), and co-wrote, with Sarah Davis, "The Guerrilla Guide to the Music Business" (2001). He is also an editor of the "Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World". Laing also worked for "The Guardian" during his final years. Laing died on 7 January 2019 at the age of 71. Bonnie Guitar Bonnie Guitar (born Bonnie Buckingham; March 25, 1923 – January 13, 2019) was an American singer-songwriter, musician, producer, and businesswoman. She was best known for her 1957 country-pop crossover hit "Dark Moon". Guitar was born in Seattle, Washington. She retired in 1996. Guitar died on January 13, 2019 in Washington state, at the age of 95. Mel Stottlemyre Melvin Leon "Mel" Stottlemyre Sr. (November 13, 1941 – January 13, 2019) was an American professional baseball pitcher and pitching coach. He was born in Hazleton, Missouri. He played for 11 seasons in Major League Baseball for the New York Yankees, and coached for 23 seasons. He was a five-time MLB All-Star and five-time World Series champion, as a coach. Stottlemyre coached for the New York Mets, Houston Astros, New York Yankees and the Seattle Mariners. Stottlemyre died on January 13, 2019 from multiple myeloma in Seattle, Washington, aged 77. Paweł Adamowicz Paweł Bogdan Adamowicz (, 2 November 1965 – 14 January 2019) was a Polish politician and lawyer. He was the mayor of the city of Gdańsk from 1998 until his assassination in 2019. He was born in Gdańsk. Adamowicz was a member of the Civic Platform party. On 13 January 2019, Adamowicz was stabbed in the heart on stage at a charity event in Gdańsk and was taken to hospital in critical condition. He died the next day at the hospital at the age of 53. The assault was captured on video. Suriname cherry The Suriname cherry ("Eugenia uniflora"), also known as the pitanga, Brazilian cherry, Cayenne cherry, or Cerisier Carré is a plant which mostly grows on South America's east coast. It is in the family Myraceae (the myrtles). The plant may look like a cherry, but is not related to true cherries. The Suriname cherry can be found from Suriname, French Guiana to southern Brazil, as well as parts of Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay. "It is known as pitanga" throughout Brazil and Uruguay, or "ñangapirí" in surrounding countriesThe plant is realtively easy to grow, resists pests well, and high in antioxidants. The tree is also grown in the West Indies, specifically in Haiti, where it is known as "Cerisier Carré", as is in French Guiana. The Suriname cherry is often used in gardens as a hedge or screen. The tree was introduced to Bermuda for ornamental purposes but is now out of control and listed as an invasive species. In Suriname this cherry is known as "Monkimonki Kersie", also "Montjimontji Kersie". The tree has also been introduced to Florida. Lenin Rajendran Lenin Rajendran (; 1951 – 14 January 2019) was an Indian movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Trivandrum, Kerala. He worked in Malayalam cinema. He was a member of the Kerala State Film Development Corporation from 2016 to January 2019. A director, he was known for his works "Venal", "Puravrutham" and "Mazha". Rajendran died of complications from a liver transplant on 14 January 2019 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu at the age of 67. Paul Koslo Paul Koslo (June 27, 1944 – January 9, 2019) was a German-Canadian actor. He was born in Germany, but raised in Canada. Koslo was known for his roles as Luke in "Rooster Cogburn", Dutch in the "The Omega Man", as Charlie in "Vanishing Point" and as Langley in "The Stone Killer". Koslo died on January 9, 2019 from pancreatic cancer at the age of 74. Arvin Vohra Arvin Vohra (born May 9, 1979) is an American politician, author and educator. He was the vice-chairman of the Libertarian National Committee from 2014 to 2018. Vohra ran for the Maryland House of Delegates once, and for U.S. House twice, as a Libertarian. He was a candidate for U.S. Senate in the 2018 election in Maryland, but lost the current Senator Ben Cardin. In July 2018, Vohra announced his plans to run for President of the United States in the 2020 election. Tom Campbell (California politician) Thomas John Campbell (born August 14, 1952) is an American academic, educator and former Republican politician. He is Professor of Law and Business at Chapman University in California. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. Campbell was a member of the United States House of Representatives from California from 1989 to 1993 and again from 1995 to 2001. Campbell was seen as a possible candidate for President of the United States for the Libertarian nomination in the 2020 election. Peter Schiff Peter David Schiff (; born March 23, 1963) is an American stock broker, financial commentator, and radio personality. He is CEO and chief global strategist of Euro Pacific Capital Inc. Schiff is the principal host of "The Peter Schiff Show" podcast. In 2010, Schiff ran in the Republican primary for the United States Senate seat in Connecticut, but he lost to Linda McMahon and came in third.Schiff began his career as a stockbroker at a Shearson Lehman Brothers brokerage in the early 1990s. Sam Seder Samuel Lincoln Seder (born November 28, 1966) is an American comedian, writer, actor, movie director, television producer, and progressive talk radio host. His works include the movies "Who's the Caboose?" (1997) and as the voice of Hugo on the animated comedy series "Bob's Burgers". In January 2019, Seder said that he was interested in running for President of the United States as a Libertarian. On January 24, 2019, he created an exploratory committee to seek the Libertarian nomination for President. Steve King Steven Arnold King (born May 28, 1949) is an American politician and former businessman. He was a U.S. Representative from Iowa from 2003 to 2021. King is a member of the Republican Party. King is known for his controversial remarks on immigration and racism. In January 2019, he created controversy when he asked "why white nationalist are offensive". Some of his words were seen as white nationalist and racist. "The Washington Post" has described King as the "Congressman most openly affiliated with white nationalism." In June 2020, he lost the Republican nomination for his re-election campaign in the U.S. House. Mil Mi-17 Mil Mi-17 (NATO reporting name: Hip) is a Soviet helicopter that is developed from Mil Mi-8. It is a pretty large transport helicopter used by the Russian Air Force. Lester Wunderman Lester Wunderman (June 22, 1920 – January 9, 2019) was an American advertising executive. He was born in New York City. Wunderman was known as the creator of modern-day direct marketing. He also created the magazine subscription card, the toll-free 1-800 number and loyalty rewards programs. He was added into the Advertising Hall of Fame in 1998. Wunderman died on January 9, 2019 at the age of 98 in New York City. Mil Mi-24 Mil Mi-24 (Russian: Мил Ми-24; NATO reporting name: Hind) is a large helicopter gunship and attack helicopter. It can serve as a troop transport and an attack helicopter at the same time, unlike other helicopters at the time which only were one of those at a time. Francis J. Weber Monsignor Francis J. Weber (born January 22, 1933) is an American Roman Catholic priest, author and archivist. He is a known Catholic scholar, an Honorary Chaplain to His Holiness, and archivist for the Archdiocese of Los Angeles. His best known works are "Life and Times of Fray Junipero Serra" (1987) and "A Select Bibliography to California Catholic Literature, 1856-1974" (1974). He was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. Bill Pitman William Keith "Bill" Pitman (February 12, 1920 – August 11, 2022) was an American guitarist, actor and session musician. He was born in Belleville, New Jersey. Pitman played on some of the most celebrated and influential records of the rock and roll era. Pitman was known for his Academy Award-winning song "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head" that gave "The Wild Wild West" its unique musical signature. An actor, Pitman was known for his works in "Blue Hawaii" (1961), "Torn Curtain" (1966), "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid" (1969), "Goodbye, Columbus" (1969), "Paint Your Wagon" (1969), "M*A*S*H" (1970), "The Omega Man" (1971), "The Parallax View" (1974), "Fast Times at Ridgemont High" (1982), "Dirty Dancing" (1987) and "Goodfellas" (1990). Pitman died on August 11, 2022 in La Quinta, California from problems caused by a fall at the age of 102. Jerzy Młynarczyk Jerzy Młynarczyk (born 2 August 1931) is a Polish basketball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was Mayor of Gdansk from 1977 to 1981. He was born in Vilnius, Poland. Taejong of Joseon King Taejong (13 June 1367 – 30 May 1422) was the third king of Joseon. He was the king for 18 years (1400–1418). He was the father of King Sejong the Great. Stephen F. Austin Stephen Fuller Austin (November 3, 1793 – December 27, 1836) was an American politician and landowner. He was known as the "Father of Texas" and the founder of Texas. He led the second and successful colonization of Texas by bringing 300 families from the United States to the region in 1825. The city of Austin, Texas is named after him. Skua Skuas are a group of birds of the genus "Stercorarius". They live near the ocean and have an aggressive lifestyle. They chase other birds to steal their catches, and they do fight, kill and eat other seabirds. Their victims include gulls, terns, puffins, and penguins. Skuas nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions. They travel a long way to migrate, and have even been seen at the South Pole. National Historic Sites of Canada In Canada, National Historic Sites () are places that the government has decided are important in Canada's history. Many are managed by Parks Canada, the same organization that runs Canada's national parks. Many of the sites have been restored to their original form after many years of being left alone to fall apart. Events. The First Park that was declated the National Historic Site of Canada at Fort Anne, Nova Scotia Was where a discovery of unmarked Acadian Graves were found. Orange Line (Lahore Metro) Orange Line () is an automated rapid transit in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. When operational in March 2019, the Orange line will become Pakistan's first metro rail line. The Orange line is the first of the three proposed rail lines proposed for the Lahore Metro. The line will span with elevated and underground. The line will be served by 26 stations and is expected to handle 250,000 passenger daily. Though it is frequently mentioned as a part of the wider China Pakistan Economic Corridor, the Orange line is being financed by the Government of Punjab. Naagin 3 Naagin 3 is an Indian television series. It is produced by Balaji Telefilms. The Series is the third season of Naagin after Naagin and Naagin 2 which aired on Colors TV. The series aired from 2 June 2018. Surbhi Jyoti , Anita Hassanandani , Pearl V Puri and Chetan Harshraj played Lead Roles in the Series. It manages to score the trp rating of 3.9 and save its position for the first rank in the Indian Television rating Point in month of August (2 week). It also had a competition with (Harsitha) show of starplus and it was very much clear that the winner was the all famous show, Naagin 3.naagin 3 will also play in e extra people who are naagin fans should do a quiz Mir Osman Ali Khan His Exalted Highness H.E.H Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII was the last Nizam of Hyderabad. After formation of India, he was made Rajpramukh (Governor) of Andhra Pradesh based on Public demand. He was also the richest man on earth with the Golconda mines making Hyderabad the main supplier of diamonds in the world at that time. Contributions to society. Nearly all the major public buildings and institutions in Hyderabad city, such as Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad High Court, Jubilee Hall, Nizamia Observatory, Nizamia Hospital, Moazzam Jahi Market, Kachiguda Railway Station, Asafiya Library now known as the State Central Library, Hyderabad, Town Hall now known as the Assembly Hall, Hyderabad Museum now known as the State Museum and many other monuments were built during his rule. Reforms in education and agriculture. During his reign, he introduced many educational reforms. About a whopping 11% of the Nizam's budget was spent on education and primary education made compulsory and free to the poor. He also made large donations to many institutions in India and abroad with special emphasis given to educational institutions. He made donation Rs 10 Lakh for the Banaras Hindu University and Rs. 5 Lakh for the Aligarh Muslim University during 1950's Osmania University. He also founded the popular Osmania University in 1918 through a royal (Order) "firman" . Today it is one of the biggest universities in India. Schools, colleges and a Department for Translation were set up. Primary education was made compulsory and free for the poor. Notable Donations. Donation for compilation of the (Hindu) holy Mahabharata. In the year 1932, The "Bhandarkar oriental research institute" in Pune, needed money for the compilation and publication of the Hindu epic-Mahabharata and a guest house. A formal request was made to the seventh Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan who in no time released a farman of Rs.1000 per year for a period of 11 years. Whereas, Rs. 50,000 was offered for the guest which is known as "Nizam guest house". Donation for Indo-China War. The 7th nizam donated 5000 kgs of Gold to Indian Govt during Indo-China war in 1965. Final years and death. The Nizam continued to stay at the King Kothi Palace until his death. He used to issue "firmans" on inconsequential matters in his newspaper, the Nizam Gazette. He died on Friday, 24 February 1967. In his will, he asked to buried in Masjid-e Judi, a mosque where his mother was buried, that faced King Kothi Palace. The government declared state mourning on 25 February 1967, the day when he was buried. State government offices remained closed as a mark of respect while the National Flag of India was flown at half-mast on all the government buildings throughout the state. The Nizam Museum documents state : "The streets and pavements of the city were littered with the pieces of broken glass bangles as an incalculable number of women broke their bangles in mourning, which Telangana women usually do as per Indian customs on the death of a close relative." "The Nizam's funeral procession was the biggest non-religious, non-political meeting of people in the history of India till that date." Millions of people of all religions from different parts of the state entered Hyderabad in trains, buses and bullocks for a last glimpse of their king in a coffin in the King Kothi Palace Camp in Hyderabad. The crowd was so uncontrollable that barricades were installed alongside the road to enable people to move in a queue. D. Bhaskara Rao, chief curator, of the Nizam's Museum stated that an estimated one million (1 million) people were part of the procession. Exalted Highness His Exalted Highness is a salutation style used "only" for the Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar. Arawak people The Arawak were a group of people who lived in the northern part of South America, and the Carribean. After the colonization of South America, they became extinct, within a period of about a century, to a century and a half. Today, only very few people who call themselves Arawak remain. There's also a group of languages called the Arawakian languages, which show what influence these people probably once had. Today, there are about 2000 speakers left, 1500 in Guyana, and 700 in Suriname. In the year 1515, there were about 50.000 Native American allies (to the Spanish) on Haitit, from an original estimate of 250.000. In 1550, there were about 500 people. 1650, there were none left. Gem County, Idaho Gem County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 16,719 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Emmett. Shoshone County, Idaho Shoshone County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 12,765 people lived there. The county seat is Wallace, and largest city is Kellogg. The county was founded in 1864 and named for the Native American Shoshone tribe. Communities. Unincorporated communities. Calder Tollette, Arkansas Tollette is a town in Howard County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 240 at the 2010 census. Mineral Springs, Arkansas Mineral Springs is a city in Arkansas. The population was 1,208 in 2010. Bill English (actor) William Andrew "Bill" English (born April 8, 1980 in Rochester, New York) is an American actor. He is best known as playing the role of "Joel" in the ABC television series "Cavemen". FC Luzern Fussball-Club Luzern (), or simply abbreviated to FCL, is a Swiss football club which plays in Lucerne. Gavin Smith Gavin Smith (September 4, 1968 – January 14, 2019) was a Canadian professional poker player. He was born in Guelph, Ontario. He won the World Poker Tour's Season IV Mirage Poker Showdown Championship event and the WPT Season IV Player of the Year award in 2005. Smith also won at the 2010 World Series of Poker he won the $2,500 Mixed Hold'em event along with his first bracelet. Smith died from a heart attack on January 14, 2019 at his home in Houston, Texas at the age of 50. Massimiliano Neri Massimiliano Neri (born 14 June 1977, in Naples, Italy) is an Italian model and media personality. Career. Neri entered the modeling industry as a professional in Milan in 1995. He has participated in events with the following designers Versace, Dolce & Gabbana, Iceberg and Levi Strauss & Co, in Milan, Sydney, Auckland, Tokyo, Miami, New York. In New Zealand he was given a place in TV commercial for Levi's. he also made a TV commercial for Versace's sunglasses, which was shown in all over Europe. Beriev A-40 Beriev A-40 Albatros (Russian: Бериев А-40; NATO reporting name: Mermaid) was a Soviet jet engine powered amphibious flying boat that is developed from Beriev Be-200. Don Black (white supremacist) Stephen Donald Black (known simply as Don Black; born July 28, 1953) is an American white supremacist. He is the founder of the anti-Semitic, white supremacist and racist "Stormfront" internet forum. He was a Grand Wizard in the Ku Klux Klan. He was also a member of American Nazi Party in the 1970s. In 1999, Black founded the website martinlutherking.org. The website is operated by "Stormfront". On May 5, 2009, Black was banned from entering the United Kingdom because of "promoting serious criminal activity and fostering hatred that might lead to inter-community violence". Black was born in Athens, Alabama. Far-right politics Far-right politics are politics further right on the political spectrum than the usual political right. The term is often used to mean Nazism, neo-Nazism, fascism and other organizations that have reactionary views. Saying that superior people should have greater rights than inferior people is often associated with the far-right. The far-right have historically favored a society that believes in superior minority over inferior masses. Some aspects of fascist ideas have been identified with right-wing political parties. The fascist idea that superior people should have more power in society has led to genocide. In the United States, the term "hard right" has been used to describe some groups, such as the Tea Party and Patriot movements. Sakurai's Object Sakuri's Object, also known as V4334 Sagittarii, is a star in the Sagittarius constellation. It is thought it was a white dwarf that swelled and became a red giant. It is at the center of a planetary nebula. Sakurai's Object and other similar stars are expected to end up as helium-rich white dwarfs. They go through a "born-again" giant phase back to the white dwarf cooling track. Sakuri's Object was discovered in 1996. Tao Hong Tao Hong (; born January 15, 1972) is a Chinese actress and former synchronized swimmer. She was born in Wuxi, became a champion of the National Games of China, and got married with Xu Zheng in 2001. The Prince of Tennis is a Japanese manga series created by Takeshi Konomi. The manga was first published in Japan in Shueisha's "Weekly Shōnen Jump" in July 1999. The publication ended on March 3, 2008. A total of 379 chapters were published into 42 volumes. As of volume 40, the manga has sold over 40 million copies in Japan. The new manga series, called "New Prince of Tennis", began publication in the "Jump Square" magazine on March 4, 2009. The story in the new manga series takes place some months after the end of the original manga. Viz Media got the license to distribute the series in English in North America. There is an anime series based on this manga. It was directed by Takayuki Hamana and animated by Trans Arts. It was co-produced by Nihon Ad Systems & TV Tokyo. The anime aired across Japan on Animax and TV Tokyo network from October 10, 2001 to March 30, 2005. It had a total of 178 episodes, as well as a movie. In April 2006, an original video animation (OVA) began to be released on DVD. The beginning of the second OVA series was released on June 22, 2007. It was released almost 3 months after the end of the first. The second OVA ended on January 25, 2008. The third and final OVA started on April 25, 2008. "The Prince of Tennis" anime came in twenty-seventh place in a survey done by TV Asahi. They also conducted an online web poll, in which "The Prince of Tennis" placed eighteenth. Almost a year later, in another online poll conducted by TV Asahi the anime came in eighth place. Murder of Dru Sjodin Dru Katrina Sjodin (September 26, 1981 – November 22, 2003) was an American murder victim. She was kidnapped from the Columbia Mall parking lot in Grand Forks, North Dakota by Alfonso Rodriguez Jr on November 22, 2003. Her kidnapping and murder caused the creation of the Dru Sjodin National Sex Offender Public Registry. Murder. At 4:00 pm Saturday, November 22, 2003, Sjodin, a 22-year-old college student at the University of North Dakota, finished her job shift at the Victoria's Secret store at the Columbia Mall in Grand Forks. Sjodin shopped for and bought a new purse from Marshall Field's. She then left the mall and began walking to her 1994 Oldsmobile Cutlass. During this time, Sjodin was speaking to her boyfriend, Chris Lang, on her cell phone. Ten minutes into the call, Lang reports Sjodin said "Okay, okay" before the call ended. Just over a week later, on December 1, 2003, 50-year-old registered sex offender Alfonso Rodriguez Jr. was arrested in connection with Sjodin's disappearance. Sjodin's body was found on April 17, 2004, just west of Crookston, Minnesota when deep snow drifts began to melt. Crookston is also where Rodriguez had been living with his mother. Sjodin's body was found partially nude and face down in a ravine. Her hands were tied behind her back. She had been beaten, sexually assaulted and stabbed. She had several lacerations, including a five-and-a-half-inch cut near her neck. A rope was tied around her neck. Thousands of people had helped search for the young woman. Hundreds went to her funeral. Trial. The trial of Alfonso Rodriguez Jr. was held in federal court because Sjodin was taken across state lines. This meant he was eligible for the death penalty if he was found guilty. But neither North Dakota nor Minnesota have the death penalty. On August 30, 2006, Rodriguez was found guilty of sexual assault, kidnapping and murder in Sjodin's death. On September 22, 2006, Rodriguez was sentenced to death. Memoization Memoization (or memoisation) is a technique from computer programming to optimize a computer program. Computer programs call functions. Each function calculates a result it will return. Memoization is simple: before the value is returned from the function call, it is stored in a table (or associative array). Like a cache, this array will only be able to store a limited number of results. The function can then be changed so it tries to look up the value of the input in its lookup table. This lookup is much less expensive than doing the calculation again. Also like a cache: the data table will be cleaned periodically, for examples the values that have not been lookued up for a given time are removed. Although related to caching, memoization refers to a specific case of this optimization, distinguishing it from forms of caching such as or page replacement. In the context of some logic programming languages, memoization is also known as ; see also lookup table. WatchOS watchOS is the mobile operating system of the Apple Watch, developed by Apple Inc. It is based on the iOS operating system and has many similar features. It was released on April 24, 2015, along with the Apple Watch, the only device that runs watchOS. The second version, watchOS 2, included support for native apps that could be made for the Apple Watch and other improvements, and was released on September 21, 2015. The third version, watchOS 3, was released on September 13, 2016, It had better performance and including new watch faces and stock apps. The fourth version, watchOS 4, was released on September 19, 2017. The fifth version, watchOS 5, was released on September 17, 2018, adding more support for apps that could be made for the Apple Watch and new workouts, along with the “Walkie-Talkie” feature. Susannah Martin Susannah Martin (baptized September 30, 1621 – July 19, 1692) — born Susannah North — was one of fourteen women executed for witchcraft during the Salem witch trials of colonial Massachusetts. Biography. Early life. The English-born Martin was the fourth daughter, and youngest child, of Richard North and Joan North (née Bartram). Her mother died when she was a child. Her stepmother was Ursula North. Martin was baptized in Olney, Buckinghamshire, England on 30 September 1621. Her family moved to Salisbury, Massachusetts around 1639 when she was about 18 years old. On August 11, 1646 at Salisbury, Susannah married a widower George Martin, a blacksmith with whom she had eight children, including a daughter Jane, a great-great-great-great grandmother of United States President Chester A. Arthur. In 1669, Susannah was first formally accused of witchcraft by William Sargent, Jr. In turn, George Martin sued Sargent for two counts of slander against Susannah, one for accusing her of being a witch, and another for claiming one of her sons was a bastard and another was her "imp". Martin withdrew the second count, but the Court upheld the accusation of witchcraft. A higher court later dismissed the witchcraft charges. By 1671, the Martin family was again involved in legal proceedings dealing with the matter of Ursula North's inheritance, most of which Ursula had left to her granddaughter, Mary Jones Winsley. The court sided against Susannah and George, although Susannah was able to bring five further appeals, each being decided against her. Trial and accusation. George died in 1686, leaving Susannah an impoverished widow by the time of the second accusation of witchcraft in 1692. Inhabitants of nearby Salem Village, including Joseph and Jarvis Ring, had named Susannah a witch and stated she had attempted to recruit them into witchcraft. She was also accused by John Allen of Salsbury, a man who claimed that she had bewitched his oxen and drove them into the river nearby where they later drowned. She was tried for these charges, during which process she proved by all accounts to be pious and quoted the Bible freely, something a witch was said incapable of doing. Cotton Mather countered Susannah's defense by stating in effect that the Devil's servants were capable of putting on a show of perfect innocence and Godliness. Susannah Martin was found guilty, and hanged on July 19, 1692 in Salem. Some interesting excerpts from the transcript of Susannah's trial are below: (spelling, punctuation, capitalization as original)To the Marshall of the County of Essex or his lawful Deputies or to the Constable of Amesbury: You are in their Majesties names hereby required forthwith or as soon as may be to apprehend and bring Susanna Mertin of Amesbury in þ county of Esses Widdow at þ house of Lt. Nathaniel Ingersolls in Salem village in order to her examination Relating to high suspicion of sundry acts of Witchcraft donne or committed by her upon þ bodies of Mary Walcot, Abigail Williams, Ann Putnam, and Mercy Lewis of Salem village or farms whereby great hurt and damage hath been donne to þ bodies of said persons... etc.At the preliminary trial for the crime of "Witchcraft and sorcery" Susanna pleaded not guilty. The original court record book has been lost, but the local Puritan minister, Cotton Mather, recorded the testimony. Susanna and the others accused were not allowed to have counsel.As soon as she came in, Marcy had fits Magistrate: Do you know this woman? Abigail Williams saith it is goody Martin, she hath hurt me often. Others by fits were hindered from speaking. Marcy Lewis pointed at her and fell into a little fit. Ann Putnam threw her glove in a fit at her. ... Susanna laughed ... Magistrate: What! Do you laugh at it? Martin: Well I may at such folly. Mag: Is this folly? The hurt of persons? Martin: I never hurt man or woman or child. Marcy: She hath hurt me a great many times and pulls me down. Then Martin laughed again.Susannah Martin was twice forced to submit to physical examination for evidence of a "witch's tit or physical protuberance which might give milk to a familiar." No such deformity was found in Susannah Martin but it was noted that "in the morning her nipples were found to be full as if the milk would come", but by late afternoon "her breasts were slack, as if milk had already been given to someone or something." This was an indication that she had been visited by a witch's familiar, and was clear evidence of guilt. Legacy. Lone Tree Hill, a famous historical site, bore a tablet on its westerly side marking the site of George and Susannah's home. The boulder which marked their homestead has been moved to make room for a highway, and it can be found on the map where the highway crosses Martin Road in Amesbury. The marker lies nearby. George was one of the largest landowners in Amesbury. The inscription on the marker reads: "Here stood the house of Susannah Martin. An honest, hardworking Christian woman accused of being a witch and executed at Salem, July 19, 1692. She will be missed! A Martyr of Superstition. T.I.A. 1894." In the 19th century, poet John Greenleaf Whittier composed "The Witch's Daughter" about Martin. On Aug 29, 1957 the State of Massachusetts voted to wipe from the books the convictions of six women that had been unjustly accused of being witches 265 years earlier. Then Gov. Foster Furcolo signed the legislative intended to clear Susannah Martin, as well as: Ann Pudeator, Bridget Bishop, Alice Parker, Margaret Scott and Wilmot Redd. All had been convicted in a colonial court and hanged during the 17th century. However, while taking a graduate course on Salem witchcraft during the late 1990s, Paula Keene discovered that, although the legislators intended to pardon all six of the women in 1957, only Ann Pudeater's name was listed on the official documents. Susannah Martin, Bridget Bishop, Alice Parker, Margaret Scott and Wilmot Redd were simply listed as "five others convicted of witchcraft." Keene and state representative Michael Ruane worked together to redress the issue. On Halloween 2001, due to Keene and Ruane's efforts, as well as the efforts of many of the descendants of the accused witches, Susannah Martin, Bridget Bishop, Alice Parker, Margaret Scott and Wilmot Redd were finally, and truly exonerated by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Descendants of Susannah Martin’s, Ethel Mae Hilton and grandchildren Douglas and Madrey Margaret Hilton were the only members of their family interested in the history of their accused witch ancestor. Kirsten Gillibrand 2020 presidential campaign Kirsten Gillibrand, the junior Senator from New York, began on March 17, 2019 with her formal announcement in Troy, New York and ended when she failed to qualify for the third primary debate on August 28, 2019. In January 2019, she announced the formation of an exploratory committee to think about running for the Democratic nomination in the 2020 United States presidential election. She made the announcement on January 15, 2019, in an appearance on "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert". The campaign accepted donations from individuals and refuses political action committee donations. Her view on guns clearly changed after the 2012 school shooting. It is reported that the pro-gun organization changed from "we like her" to "we hate her". After the announcement, she fights against that pro-gun organization directly by a tweet. She says mass shootings is a real national emergency. In a Twitter video post on March 17, 2019, Gillibrand announced that she was officially running for president. After failing to qualify for the third debate in September, Gillibrand ended her campaign on August 28, 2019. Alfred K. Newman Alfred K. Newman (July 21, 1924 – January 13, 2019) was a United States Marine. He was best known for serving as a Navajo code talker during World War II. He was born in Rehoboth, New Mexico, in the Navajo Nation. In November 1943, Newman was part of the Guadalcanal Campaign, before he spent a month on Bougainville Island. He then went with the 3rd Division to Guam. Newman died at age 94 at the veterans hospital in Albuquerque on January 13, 2019. Eli Grba Eli Grba (August 9, 1934 – January 14, 2019) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. He was born Chicago, Illinois. Grba played for the New York Yankees from 1959 to 1960 and Los Angeles Angels from 1961 to 1963. His major league career ended during the 1963 season when he was 28 years old. Grba died on January 14, 2019 in Florence, Alabama from pancreatic cancer at the age of 84. Other websites. , or Retrosheet Lawrence Rocks (chemist) Lawrence Rocks (born August 27, 1933 in New York City) is an American chemist and writer. He wrote a book called "The Energy Crisis" (Crown, 1972). He has been in "Time" magazine. He was also in "National Review" and he has spoken to the United Nations. He has appeared on "The Today Show", and "To Tell The Truth". He has been a guest on "The Mike Douglas Show", and had a column in King Features Syndicate. In "The Energy Crisis", Rocks said that a national energy center should be created. Rocks has been called an energy expert in "The New York Times"."The Energy Crisis" has been translated into French, Spanish, and Japanese. Rocks was influential in the creation of the U.S. Department of Energy. The book is a reference in libraries worldwide. Rocks appeared on "MLB Network" in 2017 highlighting his new research in "sports chemistry". In 2018 "Topps" featured Rocks on the back of an official baseball card. Education. Rocks received his Masters of Science degree from Purdue University. He received his Doctor of Science from Technische Hochschule Vienna. He wrote his doctoral thesis in German in the field of analytical chemistry. His thesis discovered separating metal atoms in semi-aqueous solutions, which found that equilibrium constants are changed in semi-aqueous mediums. Career. Rocks has written other books, such as Developing Your Chemistry Fundamentals(The Petroleum Publishing Company) in 1979. In 1980 Rocks wrote "Fuels For Tomorrow" (PennWell Publishers 1980), a sequel to The Energy Crisis. This book looked at the future of unconventional fuels. He analyzed environmental hazards created by the biofuel industry. Rocks predicted that the ultimate future of agriculture will be in fermentation chemistry. He said this was less hazardous to the environment. Dr. Rocks is Professor Emeritus of Chemistry at Long Island University. He has appeared on television on the subjects of elbow injury for baseball pitchers. Dr. Rocks did research on the effect temperature has on a baseball. Rocks found that the optimal bounce of a baseball lies between 68-75 degrees Fahrenheit because at lower temperatures the elastomeres become more rigid and become softer at higher temperatures. Dr. Rocks defined his concept of "sports chemistry" as "the combination of modern analytical chemistry with sports metrics". Dr. Rocks' philosophy on the subject of science has been: Rocks has done extensive research on how sports chemistry relates to music. He called his research, "molecular rhythm to life," when he appeared on Fox Sports Midwest. He said, "There are body rhythms that will one day be understood for the mind." In June 2018 Rocks talked about his new research on what he called "tendon chemistry" and how a better understanding of the chemistry of tendons can help professional and amateur athletes prevent injury. Legacy. "Topps" featured Dr. Rocks on the back of the 2018 "future stars" series baseball card of MLB player Paul DeJong. He became the first scientist to appear on the back of an official Topps MLB player flagship series future stars baseball card. Paul DeJong's card mentioned DeJong being a laboratory assistant to Rocks in the 2017 off-season. They studied the effects of heat on a baseball. Fox Sports Midwest aired the debut of the baseball card on June 18, 2018 live on television in Philadelphia. DeJong and Rocks sat in the dugout together and the baseball card inscription was read aloud. DeJong credited Rocks' theory on the chemistry of tendons with affecting his thinking of off-season training routines. Chemical & Engineering News spotlighted Rocks and his honor of making the back of DeJong's baseball card. Rocks' philosophy on learning science is that, "Everybody can do it." Personal life. He and his wife, Marlene, have one son: Burton Rocks He is a fan of symphony music. Évry-Courcouronnes Évry-Courcouronnes is a new commune in the Essonne department in France. The commune was founded on 1 January 2019. Évry and Courcouronnes joined to make this new commune. The Genopole is in the city. Julio Vallejo Ruiloba Julio Vallejo-Ruiloba (7 May 1945 – 14 January 2019) was a Spanish psychiatrist. Biography. He was Chairman of the Psychiatry Department at the University of Barcelona. He was President of the Spanish Psychiatry Society, and Academician of the Royal Academy of Medicine of Catalonia. He wrote 56 books about psychiatry and more than 350 scientific papers talking about depression. Vallejo Ruiloba died on 14 January 2019 from liver cancer in Barcelona, aged 73. Wintzenheim Wintzenheim is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. Soultz-Haut-Rhin Soultz-Haut-Rhin is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. Miodrag Radovanović Miodrag Radovanović (20 August 1929 – 15 January 2019) was a Serbian actor. He appeared in more than one hundred movies from 1957 to 2008. He was born in Čačak, Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He was known for his roles in "The Farm in the Small Marsh", "The Elusive Summer of '68" and "Battle of Kosovo". Radovanović died on 15 January 2019 in Belgrade from complications of Alzheimer's disease, aged 89. Yu Min Yu Min (; 16 August 1926 – 16 January 2019) was a Chinese nuclear physicist. He was an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He was also a recipient of Two Bombs, One Satellite Achievement Medal. He was born in Tianjin in August 1926. He was known for his development of the H-bomb. Yu died in Beijing on 16 January 2019, aged 92. Nairobi DusitD2 complex attack A terrorist attack began on 15 January 2019 and finished on 16 January 2019 in the Westlands area of Nairobi, Kenya. The incident began at 14:30 on 15 January, and ended a few minutes to ten the following day. Initial reports were of gunfire and two explosions at the hotel. By 16 January 2019, President Uhuru Kenyatta said that 14 people had been killed, including all the terrorists. Al-Shabaab claimed responsibility for the attack in a statement that was released during the attack. Mohammed Gichunge was the shooter but was quickly shot down by Kenya's Rekke Squad - an equivalent to America's SWAT. His accomplice and girlfriend fled to Somalia. The hotel was reopened in August. Susan Oliver Charlotte Gercke (later known as Susan Oliver; February 13, 1932 – May 10, 1990) was an American actress, pilot and television director. She made her first appearance in television in the July 31, 1955 episode of the drama series "Goodyear TV Playhouse". Career. Oliver appeared on stage in 1957. She played the daughter of an 18th century Manhattan family in the Broadway stage play "Small War on Murray Hill". It was a stage comedy. Also in 1957, Oliver was in larger roles. They included "Kaiser Aluminum Hour", "The United States Steel Hour" and "Matinee Theater". Oliver began rehearsals for a co-starring role in the Broadway play "Patate" in mid-1958. It won Oliver a Theater World Award for "Outstanding Breakout Performance". It was her last Broadway performance. In 1964, Oliver was in the first pilot of the television program "". She played the female lead character Vina. In one scene, Oliver played an alien with green skin. Because of that, a documentary about her life was called "The Green Girl". Oliver was later a cast member on the soap opera "Days of Our Lives" during 1975-1976. She was nominated in 1976 for an Emmy Award for "Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actress" for the made-for-TV movie "Amelia Earhart". Death. Oliver was born in New York City. She died from colon cancer that spread to her lungs. She was 58 when she died in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California. Idaho County, Idaho Idaho County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, the population was 16,267. The county seat and largest city is Grangeville. The county is one of the few counties in the United States with two time zones, divided by the Salmon River. Most of the county is in the Pacific Time Zone, but those areas south of the Salmon River are in the Mountain Time Zone. McCaskill, Arkansas McCaskill is a town in Hempstead County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 96 at the 2010 census. It is found at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. Paul Flynn (politician) Paul Philip Flynn (9 February 1935 – 17 February 2019) was a British Labour Party politician. He was born in Cardiff, Wales. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Newport West from the 1987 general election until his death in 2019. In 2016, he briefly was Shadow Secretary of State for Wales and Shadow Leader of the House of Commons. In 2016, he became the oldest MP in over a century to hold a shadow cabinet position. He died on 17 February 2019, aged 84. Jefferson County, Idaho Jefferson County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 26,140 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Rigby. The county was founded in 1913 and named after Thomas Jefferson, the 3rd President of the United States (1801–1809). Ira Glass Ira Jeffrey Glass (; born March 3, 1959) is an American public radio personality. He is the host and producer of the radio and television show "This American Life". He also appeared in "Morning Edition", "All Things Considered", and "Talk of the Nation". He was born in Baltimore, Maryland. Bottineau County, North Dakota Bottineau County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 6,429 people lived there. The county seat is Bottineau. Bergman, Arkansas Bergman is a town in the US state of Arkansas. T Cephei T Cephei is a red supergiant star 329 times larger than the Sun. NGC 3021 NCG 3021 is a small galaxy in the Leo Minor constellation. It is about 100 million light years from Earth. Ilyushin Il-78 Ilyushin Il-78 (Russian: Ильюшин Ил-78; NATO reporting name: Midas) is a Soviet 4-engine aerial tanker developed from Ilyushin Il-76. Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI Asaf Jah VI Mir Mahboob Ali Khan Siddiqi (18 August 1866 – 29 August 1911) was the 6th Nizam of Kingdom of Hyderabad. He ruled Hyderabad from 1869 to 1911. Early life. Mir Mahbub Ali Khan was born on 18 August 1866 at Purani Haveli in Hyderabad. He was the only surviving son of Afzal-ud-Daula, Asaf Jah V. When his father died he was two years and seven months old, and thus became the sixth Nizam of the Asaf Jahi dynasty in 1869. Developments in his kingdom. Development of a railway network. The Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway was established in 1879, a railway company owned by the Nizams. After independence, it was integrated into Indian Railways. The introduction of railways by Nizam's also marked the beginning of industry in Hyderabad, due to which, four factories were built to the south and east of the Hussain Sagar lake. Personal Traits. Mystical powers. It was supposed that he possessed a spiritual healing power against snake bites. It was his order that if anyone from the public had a snake bite, they could approach him. As a result, he was also awakened from his sleep a number of times! Other Talents. The Nizam was also fluent in Urdu, Telugu and Farsi languages. He also wrote poems in Telugu and Urdu, some of which are inscribed alongside the walls of Tank Bund. He was also a talented hunter, having killed at least 30 tigers during his lifetime and was titled the very well-known term "Tees Maar Khan". Death. The Nizam died on 29th August, 1911 at the age of 45. He was buried alongside his ancestors at Mecca Masjid, Hyderabad. His second son Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII succeeded him. Chris Wilson (Australian musician) Christopher John Wilson (1956 – January 2019) was an Australian blues musician and singer-songwriter. Biography. He played harmonica, saxophone, and guitar. He performed as part of the Sole Twisters, Harem Scarem and Paul Kelly and the Coloured Girls, and fronted his band Crown of Thorns. Wilson's solo albums are "Landlocked" (June 1992), "The Long Weekend" (March 1998), "Spiderman" (2000) "King for a Day" (July 2002), "Flying Fish" (2012) and the self titled "Chris Wilson" (2018). He was born in Melbourne. Wilson's death was announced on 16 January 2019 from pancreatic cancer at the age of 62. John C. Bogle John Clifton "Jack" Bogle (May 8, 1929 – January 16, 2019) was an American investor, businessman, and philanthropist. He was the founder and chief executive of The Vanguard Group. He was born in Montclair, New Jersey. He was known for his 1999 book "Common Sense on Mutual Funds: New Imperatives for the Intelligent Investor". Bogle died of esophageal cancer on January 16, 2019, at his home in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, aged 89. Bhangra (dance) Bhangra is an Indian dance from the Punjab. It is the most famous dance there. It has spread to other parts of the subcontinent, and to other countries such as the U.K. Bhangra has a specific kind of music like an upbeat song. The traditional form of Bhangra danced in the villages of Sialkot district is regarded as the standard. The community form of traditional Bhangra has been kept in the Gurdaspur district, India, and in Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India. Traditional Bhangra is performed in a circle. Arturo Rojas de la Cámara Arturo Rojas de la Cámara (22 December 1930 – 8 January 2019) was a Spanish children's cartoonist. He worked for the Spanish newspaper Editorial Valenciana for a long time. Cámara was born on 22 December 1930 in Paterna, Spain and died on 8 January 2019 in Valencia, Spain at the age of 88. Pass the Dutchie Pass the Dutchie is a reggae song by Musical Youth. It was released on their first album, "The Youth of Today", in 1982. It has sold five million copies worldwide and reached number one on the UK Singles Chart. Scarecrow (disambiguation) A scarecrow is a device to discourage birds from disturbing crops. Scarecrow(s) may also refer to: Andrew Yang 2020 presidential campaign The 2020 presidential campaign of businessman Andrew Yang began when he announced his candidacy one day before the 2017 elections, on November 6, 2017. People thought Yang had no chance of winning, because his campaign was so unusual. Yang was the first Asian-American man to run for president as a Democrat. If he was elected, he would have become the first Asian-American to become president. He would have also been the third-youngest president on inauguration day at age 46 after Theodore Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy. Yang wanted a universal basic income of $1000 per month for all adult citizens to make up for the lowering number of low-wage jobs due to automation. On February 11, 2020, Yang announced that he would end his campaign after losing the New Hampshire primaries. Arun Jaitley Arun Jaitley (28 December 1952 – 24 August 2019) was an Indian politician. He was the Minister of Finance and Minister of Corporate Affairs from 2014 to 2019. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was the Minister of Defence from in 2014 and in 2017. From 2009 to 2014 he was the Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha. Jaitley had diabetes. In January 2019, Jaitley was diagnosed with a rare form of soft-tissue cancer and had treatment in New York. On 9 August 2019, he was hospitalized in New Delhi under critical condition for respiratory problems. He died on 24 August at the hospital, aged 66. The cause of death was problems caused by diabetes. Kate Warner Catherine Ann Warner (born 14 July 1948) is an Australian lawyer and politician. She was the 28th Governor of Tasmania from 10 December 2014 until 9 June 2021. Warner was born in Hobart. She replaced Peter Underwood. In January 2019, Warner was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Mirjam Pressler Mirjam Pressler (18 June 1940 – 16 January 2019) was a German novelist and translator. She was the author of more than 30 children's and teenage books. She also translated more than 300 works of other authors from Hebrew, English, Dutch and Afrikaans. She was also known for translating a revision of Anne Frank's diary, "The Diary of a Young Girl" in 1991. Pressler died after a long-illness on 16 January 2019 at the age of 78. Vicente Álvarez Areces Vicente Alberto Álvarez Areces (4 August 1943 – 17 January 2019), also known as Tini Areces, was a Spanish politician. He was the sixth President of the Principality of Asturias in Spain from 1999 to 2011. He was a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party political party. He was also a member of the Committee of the Regions, working as a vice-president of the Party of European Socialists Group. Areces was born in Gijón. He was also Mayor of Gijón from 1987 to 1999. From 2011 until his death in 2019, he was a member of the Spanish Senate. Areces died on 17 January 2019 in Gijón at the age of 75. Mary Oliver Mary Oliver (September 10, 1935 – January 17, 2019) was an American poet and novelist. She won the National Book Award in 1992. In 1984, she won the Pulitzer Prize for her best known poem collection "American Primitive". She was born in Maple Heights, Ohio. In 2007 "The New York Times" described her as "far and away, this country's best-selling poet." Oliver studied at Ohio State University and Vassar College in the mid-1950s, but did not receive a degree at both colleges. She was openly a lesbian. In 2012, Oliver was diagnosed with lung cancer, but was successfully treated. She died of lymphoma on January 17, 2019 at her home in Hobe Sound, Florida, aged 83. Kootenai County, Idaho Kootenai County ( ) is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 138,494 people lived there, making it the third-most populous county in Idaho. The county seat and largest city is Coeur d'Alene. The county was founded in 1864 and named after the Kootenai tribe. Rockford Bay, Idaho Rockford Bay is an census-designated place (CDP) of Idaho in the United States. Beedeville, Arkansas Beedeville is a town in the US state of Arkansas. Jacksonport, Arkansas Jacksonport is a town in the US state of Arkansas. Payette County, Idaho Payette County is a county which is found in the state of Idaho in the United States of America. As of the 2010 census, 22,623 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Payette. Rondo, Arkansas Rondo is a town in the US state of Arkansas. Albireo Albireo, also called Beta Cygni, is a binary star found in the Cygnus constellation. It consists of two stars, a yellow giant called Albireo Aa and a blue main sequence star named Albireo Ac. Another blue star named Albireo B could be part of the system. Peng Kang Hill MRT station Peng Kang Hill MRT station (JW5) is a proposed Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the Jurong Region Line in Western Water Catchment, Singapore. It is located near the Nanyang Technological University. It is the northern terminus of the western branch of the Jurong Region Line. The station is named after the nearby Peng Kang Hill, which is in the SAFTI Live Firing Area. Trains entering service at this station will terminate at Choa Chu Kang via Bahar Junction. Bhada (Saharsa) Bhada is a village in the Sarhasa district of Bihar, India. This village is surrounded by Rauta, Chikni, Damgarhi, Barsam and Inderva. Urdu Nazam Urdu Nazam (اردو نظم) is a form of Urdu poetry. Urdu prose called Urdu Nasr (اردو نثر). Definition. Urdu literature has two types, Urdu Nasr and Urdu Nazam. Now, Urdu Nazam has various forms such as Nazam, Ghazal, Masnavi, Qasidah, Marsiyah, Rubayi, Mukhammas, Musaddas, Musamman, Naat and Qat'a, etc. The most popular form of Urdu poetry is Ghazal. The most advanced and flexible form of Urdu poetry is Urdu Nazam. Urdu nazam has faced lots of changes and experiments. That shows its flexibility. Nazeer Akbarabadi, Altaf Hussain Hali, Akbar Allahabadi, Iqbal and Faiz are some prominent Urdu Nazam poets. Heroes of Might & Magic Might & Magic Heroes (formerly Heroes of Might and Magic) is a series of video games originally created and developed by Jon Van Caneghem through New World Computing. As part of the "Might and Magic" franchise, the series changed ownership when NWC was acquired by 3DO and again when 3DO closed down and sold the rights to Ubisoft. The games feature turn-based, fantasy-themed conflicts in which players control armies of mythical creatures. The series began in 1995 with the release of the first title. A seventh installment, "Might & Magic Heroes VII", was released on September 29, 2015. New World Computing closed after the production of "Heroes of Might and Magic IV", and since then the rights to the franchise have been owned by Ubisoft. Nival Interactivedeveloped the first game in the series since the changeover, "Heroes of Might and Magic V". Black Hole Entertainment developed its sequel "Might & Magic Heroes VI", but Limbic Entertainment developed later patches and the DLC, as well as "Might & Magic Heroes VII". Virtuos developed the "Shades of Darkness"standalone expansion for "Heroes VI". The series is directed primarily at the DOS and Windows platforms, with sporadic support for Mac OS over the years. In addition to Windows and Mac platforms, "Heroes II" was ported to RISC OS and "Heroes III" was ported to Linux. GameTap has carried the first four games in the series since 2006. Remakeshave also appeared on the Game Boy Color. Games. Screenshot from "Heroes of Might and Magic II" Screenshot from "Heroes of Might and Magic V" "King's Bounty" (1990), an earlier game from New World Computing, largely precipitated the design of "Heroes" and is included in some "Heroes" anthologies. It was later remade and branded as a "Heroes" title for the PlayStation 2game, "Quest for the Dragon Bone Staff". A sequel to "King's Bounty" was released in 2008 as "King's Bounty: The Legend". Heroes of Might and Magic V Heroes of Might and Magic V is the fifth installment of the "Heroes of Might and Magic" fantasy turn-based strategy video gameseries. The game was released by Ubisoft in Europe on May 16, and then in the United States and Canada on May 24, 2006, with the publisher guiding Nival Interactive in its development. Following the closure of The 3DO Company, Ubisoft bought the rights to the "Might and Magic" franchise, and used "Heroes V" as a means to reboot the series with a brand new setting, called Ashan, and no continuity to previous titles. Recording Industry Association of Japan The is a Japanese trade group in the music industry. It was founded in 1942 as the Japan Phonogram Record Cultural Association. It got its current name in 1969. The RIAJ promotes music sales, enforces the Japanese copyright, and researches the Japanese music industry. It publishes the annual "RIAJ Year Book". This is a statistical summary of each year's music sales, plus other data. The headquarters are in the Minato section of Tokyo, Japan. The RIAJ has twenty member companies and a smaller number of associate and supporting members. Some member companies are the Japanese branches of multinational corporations headquartered elsewhere. The Association certifies gold and platinum albums and singles in Japan. Angels in the Court is a Japanese erotic visual novel. It was developed by Pinpai and published by Pink Pineapple. It was released on September 22, 1999 for Windows. There is a four-episode animated series based on this visual novel. It was released from October 27, 2000 to January 25, 2002. In North America the first two episodes were localized as Angels in the Court by NuTech Digital. "Court no Naka no Tenshi-tachi" was published into a two volume novel series by KSS Books. It was written by Muto Yasuyuki. It is based on his screenplay for the anime. The books were published on August 30, 2001 and July 20, 2002. Kallakurichi district Kallakurichi district is a new district of Tamil Nadu, India. Spingarn Medal The Spingarn Medal is awarded annually by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) for outstanding achievement by an African American. The award was created in 1914 by Joel Elias Spingarn, chairman of the Board of Directors of the NAACP. It was first awarded to biologist Ernest E. Just in 1915. The gold medal is valued at $100, and Spingarn left $20,000 in his will for the NAACP to continue giving it indefinitely. Ty Dolla Sign Tyrone William Griffin Jr. (born April 13, 1982), better known as Ty Dolla Sign (stylized as Ty Dolla $ign or Ty$), is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. He first gained major recognition in 2010 for his guest feature on YG's "Toot It and Boot It", which he had written and produced for Def Jam Recordings. In the summer of 2013, he signed a record deal with Wiz Khalifa's Taylor Gang Records. In November 2015, he released his first studio album, "Free TC", which peaked at number 14 on the "Billboard" 200. Ty Dolla Sign is known for his songs "Paranoid", "Or Nah", and "Blasé", as well as his writing contributions to "Loyal", "Post to Be", "FourFiveSeconds", and "Psycho", which was his first track to hit number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Aside from his solo music career, Ty Dolla Sign is also a member of production team D.R.U.G.S., alongside Chordz 3D, Buddah Shampoo, Nate 3D, James Koo, Fuego, and DJ Dahi. Latah County, Idaho Latah County is a county located in the north central region of the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 37,244 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Moscow, the home of the University of Idaho, the state's flagship and land-grant university. Sunrise Communications AG Sunrise Communications AG (commonly known as Sunrise), is a Swiss telecommunications provider based in Zurich. Lewis County, Idaho Lewis County is a county in the north central region of the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 3,821 people lived there. The county seat is Nezperce, and largest city is Kamiah. College, Alaska College is a census-designated place (CDP) in Alaska. Buffalo Soapstone, Alaska Buffalo Soapstone is a census-designated place (CDP) in Alaska. Jennette, Arkansas Jennette is a town in the US state of Arkansas. 2018 United States Senate election in Tennessee The 2018 United States Senate election in Tennessee took place on November 6, 2018. The Race was between Republican Marsha Blackburn, and Democrat Phil Bredesen. Marsha Blackburn won the election. Franklin, Tennessee Franklin is a city in Tennessee in the United States. It is the county seat of Williamson County. 7 Rings "7 Rings" is a song recorded by American singer Ariana Grande. It was released on January 18, 2019, as the second single from her fifth studio album, "Thank U, Next" (2019), after the title track. It is a trap-pop, hip hop and R&B song about materialism and friendship. It uses pieces of the song "My Favorite Things", written by Richard Rogers and Oscar Hammerstein II. Like "Thank U, Next", "7 Rings" also entered the "Billboard" Hot 100 at number one. It became Grande's second chart-topper in the US, with over 96,000 copies sold and 85.3 million streams in that country alone. Additionally, the song entered at number one in eight other countries, including Australia, New Zealand, the UK, Ireland, and Finland. Charts. Weekly charts. Remix Chinese Canadians Chinese Canadians are Canadians that come from China or have ancestors that came from China. They are part of the Asian Canadians group. This group usually includes immigrants from Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau. Data from StatsCan says that Taiwanese Canadians are a different group of Canadians than Chinese Canadians. Chinese Canadians are five percent of all Canadians. They are the biggest ethnic group that are part of Asian Canadians. Chinese Canadians make up 40% of Asian Canadian people. Most Chinese Canadians live in Ontario and British Columbia. Zhou Xianxin Zhou Xianxin (; born 8 March 1982), Han Chinese, is an Chinese actress who plays "Old Boy's Wu Shuying" in 2018. She was born in Nanming District of Guiyang in Guizhou, and her age in 2019 will change to 37. She is supposed to find Islam in India between January and February 2019. Ilyushin Il-76 Ilyushin Il-76 (Russian: Ильюшин Ил-76; NATO reporting name: Candid) is a Soviet strategic lifter and cargo aircraft. Cygnus OB2 Cygnus OB2 is a large young cluster of stars in the constellation of Cygnus. The cluster is an OB association. It includes some of the most massive and most luminous stars known. An example is the suspected luminous blue variable Cyg OB2 #12. The cluster also includes one of the largest known stars, NML Cygni. The region is inside an even larger area of star formation called 'Cygnus X'. This is one of the most luminous objects in the sky at radio wavelengths. The region is about 1,400 parsecs away fron us. Although it is huge, Cygnus OB2 is hidden behind a massive dust cloud known as the Cygnus Rift. This hides many of the stars. This means that, despite its size, it is hard to see in detail. The estimated number of massive stars range from 50 to 100 of spectral type O. Its total mass is calculated as (4–10) or 3 solar masses. Province of Massachusetts Bay The Massachusetts Bay Colony consisted of modern-day Massachusetts and Maine. While Massachusetts was the sixth official state, Maine was the twenty-third state enducted. Its main profit was rum and ship building. Rum was very important in the early times of the United States because there was no clean water. Dutch rabbit The Dutch rabbit, also known as Hollander or Brabander, are little rabbits with distinctive white-blazed faces and two-toned bodies. They are small and compact, making them easy to handle even for children. Dutch have short, glossy fur. They come in these colors: black, blue, chocolate, gray, steel, and tortoise. They grow to be 3 1/2 to 5 1/2 pounds. The Dutch rabbit breed originated in the Netherlands. Very early in their development the rabbits with Dutch markings were called Petite Brabicons. When they came to England they were called Hollanders. Later they came to be known as Dutch. Dutch are generally friendly, gentle, and hardy. Because of their small size and social temperament, they are an excellent choice for children. Dutch are commonly used for showing, and make challenging show rabbits because of their unique markings. Lop rabbit Lop rabbit or lop-eared rabbit is a breed of domestic rabbit that was recognized by the American Rabbit Breeders Association (ARBA) in 1979 and by the Netherlands' Governing Rabbit Council in 1984. The different breeds are American Fuzzy Lop, Cashmere Lop, Canadian Plush Lop, Dwarf Lop, English Lop, French Lop, German Lop, Holland Lop (US), Meissner Lop, Mini Lion Lop, Mini Lop (US), Miniature Cashmere Lop, Miniature Lop (UK/NL), Plush Lop (Standard) not yet recognized; in development, Plush Lop (Mini) not yet recognized; in development, Teddywidder, Velveteen Lop a maximum weight of 4 lb, is one of the smallest lop-eared breeds. Madison County, Idaho Madison County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 37,536 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Rexburg. Minidoka County, Idaho Minidoka County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 20,069 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Rupert. Nez Perce County, Idaho Nez Perce County (pron. "Nezz Purse") is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 39,265 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Lewiston. The county is named after the Nez Perce tribe. Oneida County, Idaho Oneida County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, 4,286 people lived there. The county seat and largest city is Malad City. Most of the county's population lives in Malad City and the surrounding Malad Valley. History. Oneida County was founded on January 22, 1864 and named for Oneida Lake, New York. Geography. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.1%) is water. Oneida County Oneida County is the name of three counties in the United States: Bowman County, North Dakota Bowman County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 3,151 people lived there. The county seat is Bowman. Bellefonte, Arkansas Bellefonte is a town in the US state of Arkansas. Coat of arms of Montenegro The coat of arms of Montenegro was adopted on 12 July 2004. It is a golden two-headed eagle wearing a crown. The eagle is holding a golden sceptre with a cross in one claw. It has a blue globus cruciger with a golden cross in its other claw. The eagle wears a shield with a golden lion on a blue background above a green ground. Great Seal of California The Great Seal of California was adopted at the California state Constitutional Convention of 1849. It has had some minor changes since then. The last change was in 1937. Some of the things seal shows are the Roman goddess Minerva, the word "Eureka" (which is the California state motto), the words "The Great Seal of the State of California", and a California grizzly bear. Jin Jing Jin Jing () (born 31 October 1981 as compared to 2nd Muharram 1402), is a Chinese Paralympic fencer. She was born in Hefei, Anhui, China and became a known fencer. Plastic waste Plastic waste describes plastic objects which have not been recycled properly. Between one and eight million tons of plastic waste enters the Earth's oceans every year, and the World Economic Forum predicts this will double by 2030 if no action is taken. Thin plastic objects such as plastic bags can be accidentally blown away by the wind. This can cause drainage problems on land and pollution at sea. Some countries banned plastic drinking straws in response to a video showing a turtle with a straw stuck up its nose. Paper straws are a proposed alternative as they break down after a long time in seawater. Butterfly net A butterfly net (sometimes called an aerial insect net) is one of several kinds of nets used to collect insects, not just butterflies. The entire bag of the net is often made from a lightweight mesh (or web of threads) for less damage to thin butterfly wings. Other forms of nets used in insect collecting (for entomology) include: beat nets, fishing nets, and sweep nets. Nets for catching different insects have different mesh sizes, with less space between the threads. Fishing nets usually have bigger, more 'open' mesh. Catching small aquatic creatures usually requires an insect net. The mesh is smaller and can capture more forms of animals. X Carinae X Carinae is a Beta Lyrae variable in the constellation Carina. It ranges between magnitudes 7.9 and 8.65 over a period of approximately 1.08 days. William A. Thomas William A. Thomas (October 21, 1948 – January 18, 2019) was an American football player and coach. He was the 15th head football coach for the Tennessee State University Tigers in Nashville, Tennessee and he held that position for five seasons, from 1984 until 1988. His career coaching record at Tennessee State was 34–20–3. Thomas died on January 18, 2019 at the age of 70. Coat of arms of Greece The coat of arms of Greece has a white cross on a blue shield. There are two laurel branches around the shield. Urethral sponge The urethral sponge is a spongy cushion of tissue, found in the lower genital area of females, that sits against both the pubic bone and the vaginal wall, and is around the urethra. Functions. The urethral sponge is made of erectile tissue; during arousal, it becomes swollen with blood, and squeezes the urethra, helping to stop urination during sexual activity (along with the pubococcygeus muscle). Female ejaculation. Also, the urethral sponge has the Skene's glands, which might be used in female ejaculation. Sexual stimulation. The urethral sponge is around sensitive nerve endings, and can be stimulated through the front wall of the vagina. Some women have had strong pleasure from stimulation of the urethral sponge, but others have found the feeling to be not good, as irritating. The urethral sponge is around the clitoral nerve, and since the two are so closely inter-connected, stimulation of the clitoris may stimulate the nerve endings of the urethral sponge and vice versa. Some women enjoy the rear-entry position of sexual intercourse for this reason, because the penis is often angled slightly downward and can stimulate the front wall of the vagina, and then also the urethral sponge. Relation with the G-spot. The urethral sponge is an area in which the G-spot (Gräfenberg Spot) may be found. Although the G-spot may exist, it has been doubted by some researchers. A team at The King's College of London, in a big study on the G-spot's existence in recent years, and having 1,800 women, found no proof that the G-spot exists. The authors of the study had stated that the "G-spot" may be a figment (thought) of people's imagination, which has been encouraged by magazines, sex therapists and suggestive therapeutics. However, some other studies, using ultrasound, have found physiological evidence of the G-spot in women who report having orgasms during intercourse. Coat of arms of Bulgaria The coat of arms of Bulgaria is a crowned golden lion over a dark red shield; above the shield is the Bulgarian historical crown. The shield is supported by two crowned golden lions; below the shield there is compartment in the shape of two crossed oak branches and white bands with the national motto "Unity makes strength" written on them. Coat of arms of Portugal The coat of arms of Portugal is seen on the Portuguese flag, it contains a silver field with five shields in a blue cross each charged with five plates in saltire, all within a red bordure charged with seven golden triple-towered castles. After the shield, an armillary sphere between two golden olive branches embowed, bound together in base by a ribbon green and red. Coat of arms of Finland The coat of arms of Finland is a golden lion wearing a crown and holding a sword in the right front paw. The lion is standing up on its back legs on a sabre. There are nine silver roses in a red field around the lion. Burke County, North Dakota Burke County is a county in the northern U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 1,968 people lived there. The county seat is Bowbells. The county is on the southern border of Canada. Cavalier County, North Dakota Cavalier County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 3,993 people lived there. The county seat is Langdon. Ilyushin Il-114 Ilyushin Il-14 (Russian: Ильюшин Ил-114) is a Russian twin-engine turboprop airliner. Ilyushin Il-96 Ilyushin Il-96 (Russian: Ильюшин Ил-96) is a Soviet 4-engine wide body airliner developed from Ilyushin Il-86. Yuxiang Yuxiang () is a famous seasoning mixture in Chinese cuisine. The term also refers to the sauce produced after meat or vegetables are cooked. Yuxiang started in Sichuan cuisine. Later, other regional Chinese cuisines also used it. Meaning of the name. The name in Chinese means "fish fragrance". However, it contains no seafood and is typically not added to seafood. There is a legend after the meaning of the name. The sauce was used regularly by a mother to cook freshwater fish for her family. However, there was once the family have no fish. The mother then took the leftover sauce to flavour meats and everyone liked the dish. This is the reason it got its name YuXiang or fish flavored. Cooking Yuxiang normally involves the use of sugar, vinegar, doubanjiang, soy sauce, and pickled chili peppers. Preparation. The ingredients of yuxiang are finely minced pao la jiao (pickled chili), white scallion, ginger, and garlic. They are mixed in more-or-less equal portions. Some people prefer more scallions than ginger and garlic.The mixture is then fried in oil until fragrant. Water, starch, sugar, and vinegar are then added to create a basic sauce. Dishes. The sauce is used most often for dishes containing beef, pork, or chicken. It is sometimes used for vegetarian recipes. Barbara Tropp suggests in a book called "The Modern Art of Chinese Cooking" that Yuxiang can also be mean "Sichuan-Hunan" flavor. Dishes that use yuxiang as the main seasoning have the term (yuxiang) placed in front of the name of the dish. Some examples are as follows: Douglas M. Costle Douglas Michael Costle (July 27, 1939 – January 13, 2019) was an American politician and environmentalist. He was one of the key figures of the creation of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). He would later become EPA Administrator from 1977 to 1981 during the Jimmy Carter presidency. Costle was born in Long Beach, California. He studied at Harvard University and at the University of Chicago. Costle died on January 13, 2019 in McLean, Virginia from complications of a stroke, aged 79. Reggie Young Reggie Young (December 12, 1936 – January 17, 2019) was an American guitarist. He was lead guitarist in the American Sound Studio house band, The Memphis Boys and was a leading session musician. He played on various recordings with artists such as Elvis Presley, Merrilee Rush, B.J. Thomas, John Prine, Dusty Springfield, Herbie Mann, J.J. Cale, Dionne Warwick, Roy Hamilton, Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings, the Box Tops, Johnny Cash, Jerry Lee Lewis, Merle Haggard, Joey Tempest, George Strait, and The Highwaymen. Young died on January 17, 2019 at his home in Nashville, Tennessee, aged 82. Caruthersville, Missouri Caruthersville is a city in and the county seat of Pemiscot County, Missouri, United States. It is located along the Mississippi River. The population was 6,168, according to the 2010 Census. Japanese squirrel The Japanese squirrel ("Sciurus lis") is a mammal that only lives in Japan. Japanese squirrels live on the main island of Honshu, Japan. They are locally extinct in Hokkaido. Japanese squirrels' enemies are such as snakes, owls, eagles and fox. They were food for humans before. They were hunted for their fur. They are now on the red list of Wildlife protection and Hunting, so they cannot be a pet. Behavior. The Japanese Squirrel likes to jump from a Tree to another tree next to it, to jump, they use their tail, which helps it to steer. Their two back feet (also called the Hind Legs) can move 180 degrees to help it when it is climbing down a tree. Diet. Japanese squirrels eat Japanese walnuts. They eat vegetable matter except seeds during spring. Reproduction. They reproduce from spring to summer about 2 to 6 children. It has offspring every one to two years. Okinawa habu Okinawa habu may refer to: John Coughlin John Coughlin (December 1, 1985 – January 18, 2019) was an American pair skater. He was born in Kansas City, Missouri. He was known for his partnership with Caydee Denney. He was the 2012 Four Continents silver medalist and 2012 U.S. national champion. He was the 2011 U.S. champion. Coughlin killed himself, aged 33, in Kansas City on January 18, 2019 after being suspended from skating following multiple sexual harassment accusations. Andrew G. Vajna Andrew G. Vajna (born András György Vajna; August 1, 1944 – January 20, 2019) was a Hungarian-American movie producer. He was born in Budapest. Vajna studied at the University of California, Los Angeles. He was known for his works in "Nixon", "" and "Medicine Man". Vajna died at his home in Budapest following a long illness on January 20, 2019, aged 74. Cees Haast Cees Haast (19 November 1938 – 18 January 2019) was a Dutch cyclist. He was born in Rijsbergen, Netherlands. He participated with Télévizier, Bic and Willem II. Haast died of lung cancer in Rucphen, Netherlands on 18 January 2019, aged 80. Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign The 2020 presidential campaign of Kamala Harris, the junior United States Senator from California, announced her candidacy on January 21, 2019. Harris has been discussed throughout 2018 and 2019 as a potential top contender for the 2020 Democratic nomination for president. Harris was the fifth office-holding Democrat to formally announce a campaign in the 2020 U.S. presidential election, joining former Congressman John Delaney, former West Virginia State Sen. Richard Ojeda, Congresswoman Tulsi Gabbard, and former U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Julian Castro. If elected, Harris would have become the first female and Asian American to ever become President of the United States. Harris was the third black woman to seek the Democratic nomination for president, the first two being Shirley Chisholm and Carol Moseley Braun. Campaign headquarters was in Baltimore, Maryland, with a second office in Oakland, California. Harris ended her campaign on December 3, 2019 after falling low in poll numbers and campaign money raised. Aloe vera Aloe vera ( or ) is a species of succulent plant in the genus "Aloe". It is originally from the Arabian Peninsula but it grows wild in tropical climates around the world. It is a popular houseplant species. "Aloe vera" is used in many consumer products. These include drinks, skin lotion, cosmetics, and ointments for small burns and sunburns. There is little scientific evidence that "Aloe vera" works for treating burns or sunburns or that it is safe for treating them. Ivan Vutsov Ivan Kolev Vutsov (; 14 December 1939 – 18 January 2019) was a Bulgarian football player and coach. He played for and later managed the Bulgarian national team. He played in three matches at the 1966 FIFA World Cup and for Levski Sofia. Pedro Manfredini Pedro Waldemar Manfredini (7 September 1935 – 21 January 2019) was an Argentine professional footballer. He played as a forward. He was born in Maipú, Argentina. Manfredini played for Racing Club, Roma, Brescia and for Venezia. In 1959, he played for the national team. Manfredini died on 21 January 2019 in Buenos Aires, aged 83. Tony Mendez Antonio Joseph Mendez (November 15, 1940 – January 19, 2019) was an American technical operations officer for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). He worked in support of covert CIA operations. He wrote three memoirs about his CIA experiences. Mendez was known for his on-the-scene management of the "Canadian Caper" during the Iran hostage crisis. He helped rescue six American diplomats from Iran in January 1980 by arranging to have them pose as a Canadian movie crew. As part of their cover, the diplomats carried passports issued by the Canadian government to document them as Canadian citizens. This was loosely made into the 2012 Academy Award-winning movie "Argo". In 2009, Mendez was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. He died on January 19, 2019 from complications of the disease in Frederick, Maryland, aged 78. Shalom Cohen Shalom Cohen (27 October 1931 – 22 August 2022) was a leading Sephardi rabbi. He was born in Jerusalem and was the rosh yeshiva of the Old City branch of Porat Yosef Yeshiva and the spiritual leader of the Shas political party. He was a member of the party's Moetzet Chachmei HaTorah rabbinic council from 1984 until his death. At the time of his death, he was the party's oldest member. Cohen died on 22 August 2022 in Jerusalem at the age of 91. Dick Tomey Richard Hastings Tomey (June 20, 1938 – May 10, 2019) was an American football player and coach. Tomey was the head football coach at the University of Hawaii (1977–1986), University of Arizona (1987–2000) and San Jose State University (2005–2009). He was born in Bloomington, Indiana. He played for DePauw University from 1957 to 1960. He was born in Bloomington, Indiana. Tomey was diagnosed with lung cancer in January 2019. He died on May 10, 2019, at the age of 80. Coat of arms of Guinea The coat of arms of Guinea was adopted in 1993. It features a dove with a golden olive branch in its beak over a ribbon with "Work justice solidarity". The coat of arms formerly also included a crossed sword and rifle. A former coat of arms in 1960 features a red and yellow shield with a green elephant on it. Stark County, North Dakota Stark County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 24,199 people lived there. The county seat is Dickinson. Negroid Negroid was a word for a person from Sub-Saharan Africa. The group of these persons was called "Negroid race". In former times, many people divided human beings into three races. These races were called "Negroid", "Mongoloid", and "Caucasoid". Today, scientists agree that there is only one human race. Modern genetic research has shown that the idea of three races was wrong. Features such as a wider nose, curly hair, and dark skin were seen as typical for the Negroid race. Fear of needles Fear of needles (medically known as Belomophobia) is a term used to describe a large fear (phobia) of medical procedures involving needles. In medical litererature it is usually called needle phobia. Other terms used include aichmephobia and belanophobia, but these can also refer to a more general fear of sharply pointed objects. The condition was recognised as a phobia in 1994.It is estimated that at least 10% of American adults have a fear of needles, and it is likely that the actual number is larger, as the most severe cases are never documented due to the tendency of the sufferer to avoid all medical treatment. Thane Thane is a city in Thane district, Maharashtra, India. Jean Chatillon Jean Chatillon (13 September 1937 – 16 January 2019) was a Canadian composer and music educator. He was born in Nicolet, Quebec, Canada. Chatillon wrote more than 300 musical and literary works. He was an Associate Composer of the Canadian Music Centre. In 2003, he was appointed professor emeritus by the University of Quebec. Chatillon died on 16 January 2019 from pneumonia in Nicolet, aged 81. Mario Bertoncini Mario Bertoncini (September 27, 1932 – January 19, 2019) was an Italian composer, pianist, and music educator. He was born in Rome. In 1962 he was awarded the Nicola d'Atri Prize by the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia for his "Sei Pezzi per orchestra" and in 1965 he was awarded both the Gaudeamus International Composers Award and the Fondation européenne de la Culture prize for "Quodlibet". He performed as a concert pianist with symphony orchestras throughout Europe and North America and in Israel and Korea. Bertoncini died on January 19, 2019 in Siena, Italy from liver cancer, aged 86. Ted McKenna Edward McKenna (10 March 1950 – 19 January 2019), was a Scottish drummer. He played with bands The Sensational Alex Harvey Band, Rory Gallagher, The Michael Schenker Group. He toured with Ian Gillan for a short period in 1990, alongside fellow former SAHB member, bassist Chris Glen. He lectured in Applied Arts at North Glasgow College from 1996–2011. McKenna died of a cerebral hemorrhage on 19 January 2019 at the age of 68. Red Sullivan George James "Red" Sullivan (December 24, 1929 – January 19, 2019) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1949 to 1961. He was born in Peterborough, Ontario. Sullivan played for Boston Bruins, Chicago Black Hawks and New York Rangers. He also coached the Pittsburgh Penguins. Sullivan died on January 19, 2019 in Peterborough from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 89. Henry Sy Henry Tan Chi Sieng Sy Sr. (; October 15, 1924 – January 19, 2019) was a Chinese-Filipino businessman and philanthropist. He was known as the "father of modern Philippine retail". He developed ShoeMart into SM Investments, one of the largest malls in the Philippines. He also founded BDO Unibank and real estate. For eleven straight years until his death, Sy was named by "Forbes" as the richest person in the Philippines. He died on January 19, 2019 from a heart attack, aged 94. His estimated net worth amounted to US$19 billion, which made him the 53rd richest person in the world. St. Uriel's Episcopal Church St. Uriel's Episcopal Church, also known as Church of St. Uriel the Archangel, or simply St. Uriel's, is an Episcopal church located in Sea Girt, Monmouth, New Jersey. The church adheres to the catholic and orthodox traditions of Anglicanism, that is, a follower of Anglo-Catholicism, which is similar to the High Church. It is one of three churches in the United States dedicated to Saint Uriel the Archangel, the other two being Archangel St. Uriel Eritrean Orthodox Tewahdo Church in Elmwood Place, Ohio, and Uriel Presbyterian Church in Chester, South Carolina. The parish banner was made by the Sisters of Bethany and dedicated at the church in 1958. Until that year, the church was the only Anglican temple dedicated to the Archangel Uriel. Mount Katahdin Mount Katahdin ( ) is the highest mountain in the U.S. state of Maine. It is tall. Maxine Brown (country singer) Maxine Brown (April 27, 1931 – January 21, 2019) was an American country music singer. She was born in Campti, Louisiana. Brown was originally a member of the successful 1950s trio the Browns, before a brief solo career. She retired in 1968. Brown died on January 21, 2019 in Little Rock, Arkansas from complications of heart and kidney disease, aged 87. Maxine Brown (soul singer) Maxine Ella Brown (born August 18, 1939) is an American soul and rhythm and blues singer. Kingstree, South Carolina Kingstree is a city and the county seat of Williamsburg County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 3,328 at the 2010 census. Berwick, Nova Scotia Berwick is a Canadian town in Kings County, Nova Scotia. Clark's Harbour Clark's Harbour is a town on Cape Sable Island in southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada, located in Shelburne County. Digby, Nova Scotia Digby is a town in southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada. Hanna Sheehy Skeffington Johanna Mary Sheehy Skeffington (née Sheehy; 24 May 1877 – 20 April 1946) was a leading suffragette in Dublin, Ireland. She was a teacher, activist, politician, author and editor. She was sent to prison many times for vandalizing buildings for women's votes in Ireland. Ali Bongo William Oliver Wallace better known as Ali Bongo (8 December 1929 – 8 March 2009) was a English magician. He performed an act as the Shriek of Araby. Bongo joined The Magic Circle in 1960. He was elected President in 2008. The Magic Circle The Magic Circle is a British organisation. Members of the organisation learn about and promote the art of magic. The Magic Circle started in 1905 and is based in London. The group comprises Allen & Overy, Clifford Chance, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, Linklaters, and Slaughter and May. Definition. The term Magic Circle was coined by legal reporters in the 1990s and includes the following five law firms per most commentators: Allen & Overy, Clifford Chance, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, Linklaters and Slaughter and May. Firms not included. Among the large firms not included in the term are Herbert Smith, Lovells, Norton Rose and Stephenson Harwood, which are less profitable. Also, at the time the term was coined, Herbert Smith's corporate practice was focused on privatisation work, which had dried up. Arguably, for this reason, it was not included in the initial Magic Circle. Elizabeth Warren 2020 presidential campaign In February 2019, Elizabeth Warren, the senior United States Senator from Massachusetts, announced her campaign for the 2020 Democratic nomination for President of the United States. Warren announced on December 31, 2018, that she was forming an exploratory committee to consider running for the Democratic nomination in the 2020 United States presidential election. Warren is regarded as the first major Democrat to announce the formation of an exploratory committee, which she did in a video on December 30, 2018. In this video, she says that "America's middle class is under attack" in explaining her populist economic agenda. After failing to win any primary contests and low poll numbers, Warren dropped out of the election on March 5, 2020. On April 15, 2020, she supported Joe Biden for the Democratic nomination. Debbie McGee Debbie McGee (born 31 October 1958) is an English television and radio presenter. She is best known for being magician Paul Daniels' assistant. McGee is a former ballet dancer. She presents a Sunday morning show for BBC Radio Berkshire. Know-Nothing Party The American Party, commonly known as the Know-Nothing Party, was an American nativist political party that operated in the mid-1850s. It was originally anti-Catholic, prejudiced against other nationalities, and against immigration. The movement was briefly a major political party in the form of the American Party. Followers of the movement were to reply "I know nothing" when asked about its specifics by outsiders, thus providing the group with its most common name. The Know-Nothings believed a "Romanist" conspiracy was in progress, trying to undermine the power and authority of civil and religious liberty in the United States and wanted to politically organize native-born Protestants in a defense of their traditional religious and political values. It is remembered for this theme because of fears by Protestants that Catholic priests and bishops would control a large amount of voters. In most places, Know-Nothingism lasted only a year or two before disintegrating because of weak local leaders, few publicly declared national leaders and a deep split over the issue of slavery. In the South, the party did not focus on anti-Catholicism, but was the main alternative to the dominant Democratic Party. The collapse of the Whig Party after the Kansas–Nebraska Act passed left an opening for a new major party in to oppose the Democrats. The Know-Nothings elected congressman Nathaniel P. Banks of Massachusetts and many others in the 1854 elections and created a new party known as the American Party. Particularly in the South, the American Party served as a party for politicians who disagreed with the Democratic Party. Many also hoped that it would seek a middle ground between the pro-slavery positions of many Democratic politicians and the anti-slavery positions of the emerging Republican Party. The American Party nominated former President Millard Fillmore in the 1856 presidential election, although he kept quiet about his membership. Fillmore received 21.5% of the popular vote in the 1856 presidential election, finishing behind the Democratic and Republican nominees. The party quickly declined after the 1856 election. The 1857 "Dred Scott v. Sandford" decision further aroused opposition to slavery in the North, where many Know Nothings joined the Republicans. Most of the remaining members of the party supported the Constitutional Union Party in the 1860 presidential election. BBC Radio Berkshire BBC Radio Berkshire is the BBC radio station for the English counties of Berkshire, north Hampshire, and South Oxfordshire. BBC Radio Berkshire broadcasts from its studios at Thames Valley Park near Reading. The station is also available on Freeview, and for thirty days after broadcast on BBC iPlayer. Business Wire Business Wire is a company that sends out full-text press releases from thousands of companies and organizations worldwide to news media, financial markets, disclosure systems, investors, information web sites, databases, bloggers, social networks and other audiences. It is a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway. History. Business Wire was founded in 1961 by Lorry I. Lokey. It started by sending releases to 16 media outlets in California. Business Wire created its website in May 1995. In 2000, Business Wire was the first commercial newswire to end the practice of distributing news to financial outlets 15-minutes before anyone else, to provide immediate, equal access to company information as noted by Reg FD. Business Wire's first wholly owned European operation launched in 2001, with the opening of an office in London. On June 1, 2005, Business Wire entered the German Ad-Hoc market with a disclosure network for companies with primary or secondary listings on the Deutsche Boerse. The service was established in compliance with BaFin, Germany's national securities regulator. On September 15, 2005, Business Wire established Regulatory Disclosure networks in France, Sweden, Switzerland and Luxembourg. The move came in planning for the organization of the EU's Transparency Obligations Directive (TOD). On January 1, 2007, Autorité des marchés financiers, the French Financial Markets Regulator, approved Business Wire to operate as a Regulatory Disclosure Service in France. On January 10, 2005, Business Wire established an Asian hub with the opening of its Tokyo, Japan bureau, and later that year added Japanese language, making the website available in seven languages. On January 17, 2006, Berkshire Hathaway noted that it was purchasing Business Wire for an undisclosed amount. This acquisition was completed on March 1, 2006. In 2008, Business Wire partnered with ImpreMedia to launch LatinoWire, a news-distribution service that sends out brand content to Hispanic websites, media outlets, journalists and bloggers. In 2011, Business Wire received a patent for the technological process of optimizing and distributing press releases to maximize their ability to be found and tracked in leading search engines. On September 23, 2013, Business Wire noted an exclusive distribution partnership with VentureBeat. On November 3, 2013, Business Wire opened its 32nd office in Hong Kong. In January 2014, Business Wire launched a new news and content distribution enhancement service. In April 2017, its chief executive officer and president, Cathy Baron Tamraz retired and was replaced by long-time CFO Geff Scott. Ypsilanti, Michigan Ypsilanti ( ), commonly shortened to Ypsi, is a city in Washtenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is known as the home of Eastern Michigan University. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 21,018. Ypsilanti is located 6 miles (10 km) east of Ann Arbor and about 18 miles (29 km) west of the Detroit city limits. Emiliano Sala Emiliano Raúl Sala Taffarel (31 October 1990 – 21 January 2019) was an Argentine professional footballer. He played as a forward. He signed for Premier League side Cardiff City on 19 January 2019 as the club record fee. He died two days later. He played for French side Nantes before signing for Cardiff. Sala died in a plane crash off Alderney on 21 January 2019. He was flying from Nantes to Cardiff aboard a Piper Malibu light aircraft. A three-day search covered across the English Channel. Two subsequent private searches were launched, resulting in the discovery of the wreckage on 3 February; Sala's body was recovered four days later. Ace (card) An ace is a playing card, die or domino which has a value of one. It used to mean the side of a die with only one dot. Since this was the lowest roll of the die, it was thought of as 'bad luck' in Middle English. The ace is often the highest playing card, so the meaning has changed to mean good. Pete Buttigieg 2020 presidential campaign On January 23, 2019, Pete Buttigieg, then-mayor of South Bend, Indiana, announced the formation of an exploratory committee to run for President of the United States in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries. He formally announced his candidacy on April 14, 2019 in South Bend. He had been speculated as a potential candidate, visiting the early caucus state of Iowa in December 2018, where he announced he would not run for reelection in 2019. He would be the first openly gay elected official to run for president. Early on, Buttigeg would solidify himself as a candidate ready to "turn the page". He made every debate and proved he could hang with the bigger names such as Bernie Sanders, Joe Biden & Elizabeth Warren. He gained points in the polls, and during the Iowa Caucuses, he declared himself victorious before results came in during his speech. He seemed to have been right, as Buttigeg earned 14 delegates in Iowa. He earned 9 in New Hampshire the following week. However, Buttigeg only earned 3 in Nevada despite his efforts with the Latino/Mexican community. He earned none in South Carolina, where the black population is high. Buttigieg ended his campaign after losing the South Carolina primary on March 1, 2020. He endorsed Joe Biden. Swiss franc The Swiss franc (, French and Romansh: "franc", ; sign: Fr. or SFr.; code: CHF) is the currency of Switzerland and Liechtenstein. The smaller denomination, a hundredth of a franc, is a "Rappen" (Rp.) in German, "centime" (c.) in French, "centesimo" (ct.) in Italian, and "rap" (rp.) in Romansh. Ayşen Gruda Ayşen Gruda (22 August 1944 – 23 January 2019) was a Turkish actress and comedian. Gruda appeared in several musicals such as "Mum Söndü", "Deve Kuşu Kabare", "Hababam Sınıfı Müzikali", "Yedi Kocalı Hürmüz". Her role in the sketch "Her Domates Güzeli Nahide Şerbet" on television, gained her the nickname "Domates Güzeli". She appeared in over 100 movies including classics such as "Tosun Paşa", "Süt Kardeşler", "Gülen Gözler", "Şabanoğlu Şaban", "Hababam Sınıfı," and "Neşeli Günler". She was born in Istanbul. Gruda died on 23 January 2019 of pancreatic cancer in Istanbul at the age of 74. Braeburn Braeburn ("Malus domestica" 'Braeburn') is an apple cultivar that is firm to the touch with a red/orange vertical streaky appearance on a yellow/green background. The Braeburn apple originated in New Zealand. The apple has a sweet and tart flavour. Dickey County, North Dakota Dickey County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 5,289 people lived there. The county seat is Ellendale. History. Dickey County was discovered on July 17, 1839, when an expedition was sent into the lands by the US Government. The first city, Ellendale, was established in 1881. The county was established shortly after. Geography. Dickey County lies on the south side of North Dakota. Its south boundary line abuts the north boundary line of the state of South Dakota. The James River flows south-southeasterly through the east part of the county, and the Maple River flows south-southwesterly through the center part of the county. The county terrain consists of rolling hills, dotted with lakes and ponds in its western portion, with the area devoted to agriculture.The terrain slopes to the south and east, with its highest point being a hill near the SW corner at 2,139' (652m) ASL. The county has a total area of 1,142 square miles (2,960 km2), of which 1,131 square miles (2,930 km2) is land and 11 square miles (28 km2) (0.9%) is water. Stutsman County, North Dakota Stutsman County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, there were 21,100 people living there. The county seat is Jamestown. Morrison Bluff, Arkansas Morrison Bluff is a town in the US state of Arkansas. Volcano (1997 movie) Volcano is a 1997 American disaster movie set in Los Angeles. Mick Jackson directed the movie. Jerome Armstrong and Billy Ray wrote the screenplay. Tommy Lee Jones, Anne Heche, and Don Cheadle star in the movie. In the movie, Jones is the head of the Los Angeles County Office of Emergency Management (LAC OEM). Jones' character tries to save Los Angeles from a lava flow coming from a volcano in the La Brea Tar Pits. Maggie Philbin Margaret Elizabeth Philbin (born 23 June 1955) is an English television and radio presenter. She is best known for presenting the BBC programmes "Tomorrow's World" and "Multi-Coloured Swap Shop". Tomorrow's World Tomorrow's World was a BBC television programme about science and technology. It ran from 1965 to 2003. Raymond Baxter was the programme's first presenter until he left in 1977. There have been many other presenters on the programme. Rizal state Rizal, officially known as the Province of Rizal (Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Rizal), is a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region, 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) east of Manila. The province is named after José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Realonda, widely known as José Rizal who was a Filipino nationalist. The region is also known as the State of Rizal, Rizal Province or Rizal State and was previously identified by the abbreviation PI by the US Postal Service for the Philippine Islands. It is home to the Jose Rizal Memorial State University (JRMSU), a state university in the Philippines which became a university in 2010 by virtue of Republic Act 9852. Jean-Paul Agon Jean-Paul Agon (born 6 July 1956) became chairman and CEO of L'Oréal 17 March 2011. He graduated from HEC Paris in 1978. He is the 5th CEO of the L’Oreal Group. Shirley Deane Shirley Deane (born Shirley Deane Blattenberger; March 16, 1913 – April 26, 1983) was an American actress. Her parents were Jesse H. Blattenberger and Zola Blattenberger (unmarried name Redden). Deane's maternal grandmother raised her. She was best known as an actress for playing "Bonnie Jones" in 20th Century Fox's Jones Family series of movies. Google Drive Google Drive is a cloud service created by Google. Users may store files on Google Drive so that they can store their files on the internet. Many users find it is convenient to put files on Google Drive because they won't have to worry about losing portable hard drives. Ranjan Gogoi Ranjan Gogoi (born 18 November 1954) is an Indian judge. He is the 46th Chief Justice of India. He became Chief Justice on 3 October 2018. His term as Chief Justice ends on 17 November 2019. He is the first person from Northeast India to become Chief Justice of India. On 20 April 2019, Gogoi was accused of sexual harassment by a former assistant. Alexandre Koyré Alexandre Koyré (; ; 29 August 1892 – 28 April 1964), was a French philosopher. He was born in Russia. He wrote on the history and philosophy of science. Koyré was born in Taganrog, Russia. He was a Jewish person. In 1914 he joined the French Foreign Legion and fought on the Russian front in 1916. During World War II, Koyré lived in New York City, and taught at the New School for Social Research. He died in Paris on 28 April 1964. Divide County, North Dakota Divide County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,071 people lived there. The county seat is Crosby. Slope County, North Dakota Slope County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 727 people lived there, making it the least populous county in North Dakota and the 20th-least populous county in the United States. The county seat is Amidon. Dunn County, North Dakota Dunn County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 3,536 people lived there. The county seat is Manning. Aixam Aixam or Aixam-Mega is a French car manufacturer based in Aix-les-Bains, Savoie that makes microcars. It was founded in 1983. Eddy County, North Dakota Eddy County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,385 people lived there. The county seat is New Rockford. Freienbach Freienbach is a municipality in Höfe District in the canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. Untereggen Untereggen is a municipality in Rorschach in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. Lottstetten Lottstetten is a municipality of the district of Waldshut in the state of Baden-Württemberg in Germany. It is on the border with the Swiss cantons of Schaffhausen and Zurich. Livonian language Livonian (Livonian: "līvõ kēļ" or "rāndakēļ") is a dead language related to Estonian. It is in the Baltic-Finnic group of the Uralic family. River Leen The River Leen is a 15-mile long natural water stream of the River Trent. It that flows through Nottinghamshire and the city of Nottingham in the East Midlands of England. Philippe Méaille Philippe Méaille (born 27 April 1973) is a French author and art collector, and the founder and president of the Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art. Philippe Méaille owns the world's largest collection of Art & Language works. Citations. When I was 20 or 21, I bought a work of Art & Language of 1965 called "Mirror Piece" and installed it in my appartment in Paris. After two or three days, I felt sad and stupid because I understood the limit imposed if these works were kept private. They would be like a discussion that was kept secret. Therefore I felt a responsibility to make this collection accessible to the widest possible public - "The Private Museum of the Future", Cristina Bechtler interview with Philippe Méaille, 2016. Controversies. Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art. Château de Montsoreau-Museum of contemporary art project began in November 2014. In June 2015, Philippe Méaille and created a surprise in France, jointly announcing the signing of a long-term lease (between the Maine-et-Loire department and Philippe Méaille) on the Chateau de Montsoreau property. The Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art becoming the first Château of the Loire Valley to be transformed into a museum of contemporary art. Despite the desire of both parties to create an international museum of contemporary art, and the ability from Méaille to endowing it with the world's largest collection of works by the radical conceptualists of Art & Language, and to seize the opportunity to develop the international tourist audience of the Loire Valley, the announcement created controversy. Frédéric Béatse, former Mayor of Angers, and socialist political leader, protests against what he calls « a sale of a jewel of the department to a private foreign player ». Gérard Persin (mayor of Montsoreau), and Christian Gillet both reacted very quickly to these protests during a press conference. Gérard Persin stated: « It is a pride to have been chosen to host a center of contemporary art of international stature ». Christian Gillet put the project in its international ambition and potential development for the territory: « The idea of Philippe Méaille, connoisseur and lover of the site, is to install a center of contemporary art featuring his collection, already world famous and renowned, we have considered an interesting challenge ». And Philippe Méaille clarified his intentions: « This public-private partnership appeared to us as an innovative solution that will be integrated into the Saumur territory in its entirety: Saumur and its agglomeration but also the nearby Fontevraud Abbey ». Museum of Contemporary Art Barcelona. For reasons of security due to political instability in Catalonia, Philippe Méaille announced that he decided to repatriate his collection in France to the Chateau de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art. MACBA deplored the decision of Philippe Méaille not to renew his long-term agreement with the institution, and assured that the security of the collection is guaranteed, and that "Philippe Méaille arguments do not coincide at all with reality". Voices emerged to denounce a pretext on the part of the collector, to repatriate the works of Art & Language in his museum, opened only one year before. Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art The Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art, is a museum of contemporary art privately owned by the French art collector Philippe Méaille. It is in the Loire Valley in France. The Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art is the only chateau of so called "Chateaux of the Loire Valley" to have been transformed in a museum of contemporary art. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Collection. The Philippe Méaille collection is the collection of the museum. It is the world's largest collection of Art & Language works. The collection is on the first two floors of the building. This collaboration between British, American, and Australian artists is at the origin of what is now called conceptual art. Art & Language Art & Language is a conceptual artists' collaboration founded around 1967 in the United Kingdom by Terry Atkinson (b. 1939), David Bainbridge (b. 1941), Michael Baldwin (b. 1945) and Harold Hurrell (b. 1940). The name of the group was derived from their journal, Art-Language The Journal of conceptual art. In their text-works, they created conceptual art as part of their discussions. Art & Language is at the origin of conceptual art and their work was an important influence on its development. Awards. Terry Atkinson was Nominated in 1985 for the Turner Prize. Art & Language was nominated in 1986 for the Turner Prize. Permanent collections. Papers and works relating to New York Art & Language are held at the Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles. In March 2011, Philippe Méaille loaned 800 artworks of Art & Language to the Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art (MACBA). In June 2015, the Conseil départemental de Maine-et-Loire and Philippe Méaille signed a long term lease agreement for the Chateau de Montsoreau to promote contemporary art in the Loire Valley. Corinth, Mississippi Corinth is a city in and the county seat of Alcorn County, Mississippi. It is in the northeastern part of the state near the Tennessee border. At the 2010 census, around 14,573 people were living there. Admission to the Union The Admission to the Union Clause (also known as the New States Clause) is a part of the United States Constitution. It lets Congress add new states to the United States. There were thirteen states when the Constitution came into effect. 37 new states have since been added to the United States by this clause. Each new state has an equal footing with the ones that already exist. Text. Article 4, Section 3, Clause 1 (US Constitution): Original text: Simpler text: Polity A polity is a group of people who are brought together by any form of political agreement and who consider themselves as forming an autonomous unit. The political agreement uniting the group may be of different types: it can be a written constitution or even the unwritten recognition and respect of a hierarchy within the group. Depending on the size of the polity, it can be organized by a government or other, simpler forms of hierarchy. It is important to realize that the term polity can be used to refer to big entities like states, empires, and kingdoms, but also to smaller units like chiefdoms. What counts in calling a given group "a polity" is not its size nor the form of government it has. To be called "a polity" a group must be an organized and autonomous group that has exclusive rights of use of a specific portion of land. Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina The coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina has two background colors, dark blue and yellow, with a seven five-pointed white stars on a blue background. Emblem of the United Arab Emirates The emblem of the United Arab Emirates () was officially adopted in 1973 and later modified in 2008. It is similar to the coats of arms and emblems of other Arab states. It consists of a golden falcon, unlike other Arab countries which use the hawk emblem of the Quraysh branch to which Muhammad belonged. The falcon has a red disk which shows an Arab sailboat in its interior. The disk is surrounded by a chain. The hawk holds with its claws a red parchment bearing the inscription of the name of the federation. Emblem of Bhutan The emblem of Bhutan (Dzongkha: རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ལས་རྟགས་;Wylie: "rgyal-yongs las-rtags") maintains several elements of the flag of Bhutan, with slightly different artistry, and contains much Buddhist symbolism. The official description is as follows: "The national emblem, contained in a circle, is composed of a double diamond-thunderbolt (dorji) placed above a lotus, surmounted by a jewel and framed by two dragons. The thunderbolt represents the harmony between secular and religious power. The lotus symbolizes purity; the jewel expresses sovereign power; and the two dragons, male and female, stand for the name of the country which they proclaim with their great voice, the thunder." Coat of arms of Somalia The coat of arms of Somalia was adopted on October 10, 1956. The leopards which support the shield and the white star were also found on the coat of arms used in Italian Somaliland. Formerly, the coat of arms of Somalia from June 8, 1919 featured a shield divided horizontally by a wavy white line (Smith, 1980). The top half of the shield was blue with a leopard in natural color surmounted by a white five-pointed star. Flag of American Samoa The flag of American Samoa has a white triangle (with a red outline) pointing towards the pole. This triangle contains a bald eagle clutching two metalic tools. The upper and lower triangles of this flag are dark blue. Vigilio Mario Olmi Vigilio Mario Olmi (14 August 1927 – 25 January 2019) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop. He was born in Coccaglio, Italy. Olmi was ordained to the priesthood in 1950. He was titular bishop of "Gunugus" and was auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brescia, Italy, from 1986 to 2003. Olmi died on 25 January 2019 in Brescia, Italy at the age of 91. Emmons County, North Dakota Emmons County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, there were 3,550 people living there. The county seat is Linton. Kidder County, North Dakota Kidder County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,435 people lived there. The county seat is Steele. AZ AZ (or Az) may refer to: Yorkshire Coast Radio Yorkshire Coast Radio is the local radio station for Scarborough, Filey, Whitby and Bridlington. It broadcasts to Scarborough and Filey on 96.2 FM, Bridlington on 102.4 FM and Whitby on 103.1 FM The station also operates an online service called 'Yorkshire Coast Radio Extra' which broadcasts news and interviews as well as football commentaries on Scarborough Athletic, Bridlington Town and Whitby Town games. In 2018 the station launched an additional service Yorkshire Coast Radio 70s. Programming. All of Yorkshire Coast Radio's programming is produced and broadcast from its Scarborough studios. Presenter-led programming airs from 6am-10pm on weekdays, 6 am-6 pm on Saturdays and 8 am-4 pm on Sunday. In the official RAJAR audience data for Q2 2018, Yorkshire Coast Radio achieved a 53% weekly reach which is higher than for any other radio station in the UK. News. Yorkshire Coast Radio broadcasts hourly local news bulletins from 6 am-10 pm on weekdays and 8 am-12 pm at weekends, with headlines on the half-hour during weekday breakfast. Its journalists are based at the radio station's Scarborough studios and also produce content for and the station's website and smartphone app. National bulletins from Sky News Radio are carried every hour at all other times. Justin Theroux Justin Theroux (born August 10, 1971) is an American actor. He is best known for the movies "Mulholland Drive" and "Inland Empire". Theroux has also appeared in the HBO television series "The Leftovers". Personal life. Theroux married female actor Jennifer Aniston in 2015. Repeat Repeat may refer to: Mulholland Drive (movie) Mulholland Drive is an American neo-noir mystery drama movie set in and around Los Angeles. David Lynch wrote and directed this movie. Lynch won the Best Director Award for it at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival. These actors star in the movie: Naomi Watts, Laura Harring, Justin Theroux, Ann Miller and Robert Forster. California State Legislature The California State Legislature is a bicameral legislature for the state of California in the United States. It has a lower house, the California State Assembly, with 80 members, and an upper house, the California State Senate, with 40 members. Both houses meet at the California State Capitol in Sacramento. It is one of ten full-time state legislatures in the United States. , the Democratic Party controls both houses. California State Senate The California State Senate is the upper house of the California State Legislature. It has 40 members and is currently controlled by the Democratic Party It meets at the California State Capitol in Sacramento. Composition. Officers. The Secretary, the Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplain are not members of the Legislature. Foster County, North Dakota Foster County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 3,343 people lived there. The county seat is Carrington. California State Assembly The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature. It has 80 members. The assembly is currently controlled by the Democratic Party. It meets at the California State Capitol in Sacramento. Composition. Officers. The Chief Clerk, the acting Chief Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Chaplains are not members of the Legislature. Golden Valley County, North Dakota Golden Valley County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, there were 1,680 people living there, making it the fourth-least populous county in North Dakota. The county seat is Beach. The county is not be confused with the city of Golden Valley, in Mercer County. McHenry County, North Dakota McHenry County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 5,395 people lived there. The county seat is Towner. Grant County, North Dakota Grant County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,394 people lived there. The county seat is Carson. Griggs County, North Dakota Griggs County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,420 people lived there. The county seat is Cooperstown. Hettinger County, North Dakota Hettinger County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,477 people lived there. The county seat is Mott. The "city" of Hettinger, North Dakota, is in nearby Adams County. Hettinger, North Dakota Hettinger ( ) is a city in, and the county seat of, Adams County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 1,226 at the 2010 census. Golden Valley, North Dakota Golden Valley is a city in Mercer County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 182 at the 2010 census. Golden Valley was founded in 1913. The city is not be confused with the Golden Valley County. Mercer County, North Dakota Mercer County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, there were 8,424 people living there. The county seat is Stanton. Logan County, North Dakota Logan County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 1,990 people lived there. The county seat is Napoleon. LaMoure County, North Dakota LaMoure County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 4,139 people lived there. The county seat is LaMoure. Oil Trough, Arkansas Oil Trough is a town in the US state of Arkansas. Peter Burmeister Peter Burmeister (16 July 1941 – 20 January 2019) was a German mathematician. He was a professor of mathematics at Darmstadt University of Technology. He was born in Berlin, Germany. Burmeister died on 20 January 2019 in Reinheim, Germany at the age of 77. John Rose John Williams Rose (born February 23, 1965) is an American politician and businessman. He is the U.S. Representative for Tennessee's 6th congressional district since 2019. He was the Commissioner of Agriculture of Tennessee and was president of Boson Software, LLC. Test match (cricket) Test matches in cricket are the orignal and main form of international competition. They last five days, and are thought to be the highest standard of play. Test matches were invented in the 19th century as a competition between England and Australia. The first officially recognised Test match took place on 15–19 March 1877 and was played between England and Australia at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG). Australia won by 45 runs. A Test match to celebrate 100 years of Test cricket was held in Melbourne on 12–17 March 1977, in which Australia beat England by 45 runs—the same margin as that first Test. That first tour match was followed by a second test match, which was won by England. There were also a few games played against local teams, a tradition which continues today. South Africa became the third team to play Test cricket in 1888–89, and there was a long period before other countries played test cricket. The West Indies ('Windies') were the fourth test country: they played against England in London 1928 at Lords cricket ground. New Zealand first played against England in 1930 in Christchurch. The first Indian test side played England in 1932 in London at Lords. When British India was partitioned, the new nation Pakistan was given test status in 1952, on the recommendation of India. Their first test match was against India in Delhi. They were followed by Sri Lanka in 1982. There are also four more countries who have full test status: Zimbabwe (1992), Bangladesh (2000), Ireland the Irish team represents both parts of Ireland – (2018), and Afghanistan (2018). Of these only Bangladesh has played regularly against the longer-established nations. There is a real gulf in playing standards between the top teams and the newcomers. This explains why there have been no test series between the stronger test countries and the weaker countries. A test series must be competitive for it to be commercially viable. Television rights need to be sold, and spectators attracted to the matches. Also, a country must be able to keep some cricket grounds to test standards. It is clear that the sport of cricket spread mostly to countries of the former British Empire, with the notable exception of Canada (where cricket is just a minor sport). On the other hand, it is a truly international sport, played by nations in Europe, Africa (parts of), the Caribbean, the Indian subcontinent and Oceania. Sleep mode Sleep mode is a low power mode that some electronic devices use to save power while they are on. Some electronic devices that are able to use sleep mode include TVs, computers, and remote controls. During sleep mode, the electronic device will use very little power while they are still running. This allows the user to be able to turn the electronic device back on immediately even if the electronic device is running with less power than normal. Exploration Upper Stage The Exploration Upper Stage (EUS) is a top stage of the Space Launch System (SLS) Block 1B. It will use four RL-10 engines burning liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen to generate of thrust. The first flight of SLS with EUS will be in 2023. Nawab of Bengal The Nawabs of Bengal (the Nawab Nizam of Bengal and Orissa) were the rulers of the provinces of Bengal and Orissa. Between 1717 and 1772, they were the rulers of the province of Bengal. The last independent Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, was betrayed in the Battle of Plassey by Mir Jafar. He lost to the British, who in 1757, installed Mir Jafar on the throne and established itself as a political power in Bengal. In 1765 the system of 'dual government' meant the Nawabs ruled on behalf of the British, and were puppets to the British. In 1772 the system was abolished and Bengal was brought under direct control of the British. In 1793, when the "Nizamat" (governorship) of the Nawab was also taken away from them, they remained as the pensioners of the British East India Company. The last Nawab of Bengal, Mansur Ali Khan abdicated on 1 November 1880 in favour of his eldest son, Hassan Ali Mirza. Lessemsauridae Lessemsauridae is a clade of early sauropod dinosaurs that lived in the Triassic and Jurassic of Argentina and South Africa. The phylogenetic analysis performed by Apaldetti and colleagues is shown below: Species. "Antetonitrus". someone please add info for antetonitrus "Ingentia". "Not to be confused with the nematode Ingenia" Ingentia is an early sauropod dinosaur from the Late Triassic of Argentina. The type specimen of Ingentia, PVSJ 1086, was discovered in the Quebrada del Barro Formation of northwestern Argentina. The only species, "Ingentia prima", meaning "first huge one", as the taxon was one of the first very large sauropodomorphs to evolve, along with its close relative Lessemsaurus. A second specimen, PVSJ 1087, was referred, containing five tail vertebrae, both the radius and ulna, a left calfbone and a right foot. "Ledumahadi". Ledumahadi (meaning "a giant thunderclap" in Sesotho language) is a sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic. A quadruped, it was one of the first giant sauropodomorphs, reaching a weight of around , despite not having evolved columnar limbs like its later huge relatives. "Lessemsaurus". Lessemsaurus is an extinct genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Triassic period. It is unusual because it lived about 30 million years before the long-necked plant-eaters "Diplodocus" and "Brachiosaurus" lived. The type species, "L. sauropoides", was formally described by José Bonaparte in 1999. It was found in the Los Colorados Formation of La Rioja Province, Argentina. This dinosaur was around long and was discovered in strata dating to the Norian stage, around 210 million years ago. Steve Brusatte of the University of Edinburgh said: Cookeville, Tennessee Cookeville is a city in Tennessee in the United States. It is the county seat of Putnam County. It has a population of 114,272 in 2019. Death squad A death squad is an armed paramilitary group formed to take the lives or life of a particular person(s), especially political opponents. Cot-caught merger The cot-caught merger is a sound change where the vowel in the word "cot" and the vowel in the word "caught" come to sound the same and make the words "cot" and "caught" sound alike. It is also called the lot-thought merger. This sound change occurs for many people in the United States, Canada, Scotland and Ireland. For example, people who have the cot-caught merger say these pairs of words the same way, but people who don't have the cot-caught merger say these pairs of words differently. Christopher Sholes Christopher Latham Sholes (February 14, 1819 in Mooresburg (Pennsylvania, United States) - February 17, 1890 in Milwaukee (Wisconsin, United States) was an American inventor and politician, famous for designing the first commercial typewriter and "QWERTY" keyboard used today. Biography. Born in Mooresburg, Pennsylvania, sholes moved to nearby Danville as a teenager, where he worked as an apprentice printer. After completing his apprenticeship, Sholes moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he became editor of the newspaper "Wisconsin Enquirer." Put in politics, he was a member of the Senate and the State Assembly. He served President Abraham Lincoln. The typewriter After having patented a counting machine with Samuel W. Souléen in 1864; An amateur inventor, Carlos Glidden suggested the possibility of turning his device into a typewriter. Four years later, on June 23, 1868, he patented his idea, to which he continued to dedicate a large part of his time. In 1872 he sold the patent (US $ 79,265) of his machine for $ 12,000 to Densmore and Yost, who reached an agreement with E. Remington and Sons (then manufacturers of sewing machines) to market what was known as "Typewriter. Sholes and Glidden ». Remington began the production of his first typewriter on May 1, 1873 in Ilion (New York). Sholes continued working on new developments for the typewriter during the sixties, among the achievements obtained are the QWERTY keyboard in 1873 and the development of the mechanism that moves the blow to the type to be printed, inspired by the operation of the keys of the piano. He also developed the roller on which the paper is placed, a counterweight for the roller and the paper to move, the lever to change the line and the spacer""'. The Upside The Upside is a 2019 American comedy-drama movie directed by Neil Burger and written by Jon Hartmere. It is a remake of the French 2011 movie "The Intouchables". It was inspired by the life of Philippe Pozzo di Borgo. The movie is about a paralyzed billionaire (Bryan Cranston) who becomes friends with a recently paroled convict (Kevin Hart) who he hires to take care of him. Nicole Kidman, Golshifteh Farahani, Tate Donovan, Aja Naomi King and Julianna Margulies also star. It is the third remake of "The Intouchables" after the Indian movie "Oopiri" and the Argentinian movie "Inseparables" (both 2016). The movie was originally to be distributed by The Weinstein Company in March 2018, but the movie was shelved and sold off following the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations. It was released in the United States on January 11, 2019. "The Upside" has grossed over $69 million and received mixed reviews from critics, who praised Hart and Cranston's chemistry and performances but criticized the plot for being "predictable and cliché". Kjell Bäckman Kjell Hilding "Tjalle" Bäckman (21 February 1934 – 9 January 2019) was a Swedish speed skater. He competed at the 1960 Winter Olympics in the 5000 m and 10000 m events. He won a bronze medal in the 10000 m; all three medalists of that event broke the previous world record. He won four long-distance titles: in the 5000 m (1959, 1961) and 10000 m (1959, 1960). Boo (dog) Boo (March 16, 2006January 18, 2019) was a Pomeranian dog that became an Internet celebrity. He was born in the San Francisco Bay Area. He had a popular Facebook page and four photo books were sold. As of March 2016, Boo had over 17.5 million Likes on Facebook. Boo was owned by Irene Ahn, a Facebook employee, who was also the owner of Boo's older brother, Buddy (died September 6, 2017). He became popular in October 2010 after singer Kesha sent a tweet that she had a new boyfriend, which showed a picture of Boo. Boo died in his sleep on the morning of January 18, 2019 of heart failure, aged 12. His owners said that he had begun to show signs of heart trouble after Buddy's death. Lamia Al-Gailani Werr Lamia Al-Gailani Werr (‎; 8 March 1938 – 18 January 2019) was an Iraqi archaeologist. Her works focused in ancient Mesopotamian antiquities. She was born in Baghdad, Iraq. She was known for maintaining links between British and Iraqi archaeology under the Saddam Hussein regime. She worked to preserve cultural heritage in the aftermath of the Iraq War. She was closely involved in the reconstruction of the National Museum of Iraq, where she had worked as a curator in the 1960s, and the founding of the Basrah Museum. She was awarded the fifth Gertrude Bell Memorial Gold Medal by the British Institute for the Study of Iraq in 2009. Al-Gailani died in Amman, Jordan, on 18 January 2019 from a heart attack while en route to Iraq, aged 80. Evloghios (Hessler) Evloghios (Hessler) (February 21, 1935 – January 20, 2019) was a German-born Italian religious figure. He was the Archbishop of Milan and Longobardia from 1990 until his death in 2019. He was Orthodox Metropolitan of Aquileia and Western Europe and Primate of the Holy Synod of Milan. Evloghios died of complications from a stroke in Milan on January 21, 2019 at the age of 83. Raghbir Singh Bhola Raghbir Singh Bhola (21 August 1927 – 22 January 2019) was an Indian Airforce Officer and a former India hockey player. He represented India in the 1956 Melbourne and 1960 Rome Olympics, winning a gold and silver medal respectively for the country. He was born in Multan, Pakistan. Bhola died on 22 January 2019 in New Delhi from complications of multiple organ failure, aged 91. Rosa González Román Rosa González Román (23 July 1942 – 21 January 2019) was a Chilean journalist and politician. She was a Deputy from 11 March 1998 to 11 March 2006. She was born in Buin. González Román died in Santiago de Chile on 21 January 2019 from cervical cancer, aged 76. Project Syndicate Project Syndicate is an international media organization that publishes and shares commentary and analysis on important global topics. All opinion pieces are published on the "Project Syndicate" website. Then, they are also distributed to many partner publications to be published again. As of 2016, its network included 459 media outlets in 155 countries. Ezra Klein called "Project Syndicate" "the world's smartest op-ed page." It publishes and shares commentaries on a many topics, including: economic policy and strategies for growth worldwide, human rights, Islam, and the environment. It also offers monthly series about Africa, Europe, Asia, and Latin America, as well as to China and Russia. RealClearWorld called "Project Syndicate" one of the top five world news sites for 2012. "Project Syndicate" is a non-profit organization. Newspapers in developed countries support the organization with money. They are about 60% of The members. So, newspapers with less money or resources can publish their articles for free or cheaply. "Project Syndicate" has also received money from the Open Society Foundation, The Politiken Foundation in Denmark, "Die Zeit", ZEIT-Stiftung, and The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. "Project Syndicate" translates its columns from English into 13 languages, including Arabic, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, French, German, Hindi, Indonesian, Italian, Kazakh Portuguese, Russian, and Spanish. Contributors. "Project Syndicate" has more than 60 authors who often send columns. Sometimes Project Syndicate publishes opinions by well-known public people such as Shinzo Abe, Francis Fukuyama, Bill and Melinda Gates, Christine Lagarde, Juan Manuel Santos, George Soros, and many others. Monthly series authors include: Ezra Klein Ezra Klein (born May 9, 1984) is an American journalist, blogger, and political commentator who works as editor-at-large of "Vox". He was a blogger and columnist for "The Washington Post" and an associate editor of "The American Prospect". He has contributed to Bloomberg News and MSNBC. At "The Washington Post", he managed a branded blog called "Wonkblog." The blog was mostly about health care and budget policy. He wrote a primer on policy called "Wonkbook", which was delivered by e-mail and on his blog each morning. In January 2014, Klein left "The Washington Post". He works for Vox Media as editor-at-large for their news website, "Vox". He co-founded the website along with Melissa Bell and Matthew Yglesias. Early life and education. Klein was born and raised in Irvine, California. Klein is a middle child, in a Jewish family. His father, Abel Klein, is a mathematics professor at University of California, Irvine. Abel Klein is from Brazil. His mother is an artist. Klein went to school at University High School. He went to the University of California, Santa Cruz, but transferred to the University of California, Los Angeles. He graduated from UCLA in 2005 with a B.A. in political science. Career. In 2003, Klein and Markos Moulitsas were two of the earliest bloggers to report from a political convention, that of the California State Democratic Party. Klein worked on Howard Dean's primary campaign in Vermont in 2003, and interned for the "Washington Monthly" in Washington, D.C. in 2004. On December 10, 2007, Klein moved his blog full-time to the "American Prospect". Steve Pearlstein, "The Washington Post""'s" veteran business columnist, read and liked Klein's blogging. Pearlstein sent some of Klein's writing to managing editor Raju Narisetti. Narisetti hired Klein to be the Post’s first blogger on politics and economics. On May 18, 2009, he began writing at the newspaper. In May 2011 when Bloomberg View started, Klein became a columnist there at he same time as at "The Washington Post" and MSNBC. Klein wrote for and edited Wonkblog at "The Washington Post". He often talks about politics on MSNBC's "The Rachel Maddow Show," "Hardball with Chris Matthews," and "The Last Word with Lawrence O'Donnell." He contributed to "Countdown with Keith Olbermann". In October 2015, Klein started a podcast called "The Weeds" with Sarah Kliff and Matt Yglesias. This Vox podcast is detailed discussions about public policy. Klein also hosts the podcast called "The Ezra Klein Show". Klein is an executive producer of "Vox's" Netflix series "Explained". Personal life. Klein is married to Annie Lowrey. She reports on economic policy at "The Atlantic" magazine. Gita Gopinath Gita Gopinath (born 8 December 1971) is an Indian-American economist. She is the John Zwaanstra Professor of International Studies and Economics at Harvard University. She is also a co-director of the International Finance and Macroeconomics program at the National Bureau of Economic Research. She has worked as the Economic Adviser to the Chief Minister of Kerala. She is a visiting scholar at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and a member of the economic advisory panel of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Gopinath is a co-editor at the American Economic Review, co-editor of the current Handbook of International Economics and was managing editor of the Review of Economic Studies. Her research focuses on International Finance and Macroeconomics. Early life and education. Gopinath was born in Kolkata, India. She is the younger of two daughters of TV Gopinath and VC Vijayalakshmi. They are both from Kannur, Kerala but settled in Mysore. . She earned a B.A. degree from Lady Shri Ram College for Women of the University of Delhi in 1992 and an M.A. degree in economics from Delhi School of Economics, also of the University of Delhi, in 1994. She completed an M.A. degree at the University of Washington in 1996. In 2001, she got a Ph.D. degree at Princeton University. She won Princeton's Woodrow Wilson Fellowship Research Award while doing her doctoral research at Princeton. Personal. Gopinath's husband Iqbal Singh Dhaliwal is Executive Director at Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab at Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. They have a son named Rohil. Laura Tyson Laura D'Andrea Tyson (born June 28, 1947) is an American economist. She was Chair of the US President's Council of Economic Advisers during the Clinton Administration. She also worked as Director of the National Economic Council. She is a professor at the Haas School of Business of the University of California, Berkeley. Early life and education. Tyson was born Laura D'Andrea in New Jersey. Tyson graduated "summa cum laude" with a B.A. in Economics from Smith College in 1969. She earned her Ph.D. in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1974. Career. Tyson joined the faculty of the economics department at Princeton University in 1974. In 1977 when she became a professor of economics at the University of California, Berkeley. She was appointed a professor of business administration in 1990. In addition to her professorship at UC Berkeley, Tyson is also a member of the Board of Trustees at UC Berkeley's Blum Center for Developing Economies. The Center is focused on finding solutions to address the crisis of extreme poverty and disease in the developing world. Since 2012, Tyson has written monthly columns for international media organization Project Syndicate. In November 2013, Tyson founded the Institute for Business and Social Impact at the University of California, Berkeley, Haas School of Business. Ernest Angley Ernest Winston Angley (August 9, 1921 – May 7, 2021) was an American Christian evangelist, author and television station. Born in Gastonia, North Carolina, his career began in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. Career. Angley's ministry was originally based at Grace Cathedral (a.k.a. the "Temple of Healing Stripes") near Akron. That church is now known as "Grace Cathedral – Akron". Angley's ministry operates a Boeing 747SP, named "Star Triple Seven" and bearing registration P4-FSH. He hosts a one hour program called "The Ernest Angley Hour". Controversy. Angley was known for being against homosexuality as he saw it as a sin. In January 2019, he was accused of sexual abuse by former Grace Cathedral pastor, Rev. Brock Miller. Miller filed a lawsuit against Angley and claims that he was abused for nine years. A 1996 tape recording of Angley admitting to sexual relations with a different man. Allegation of further sexual abuses have been reported by the Akron Beacon Journal and Forbes. Death. Angley died on May 7, 2021 in Akron, Ohio, just three months before his 100th birthday. Glendale Heights, Illinois Glendale Heights is a village in DuPage County, Illinois. It is a suburb of Chicago. At the 2010 census, the population was 34,208. The village was originally named "Glendale". But in March 1960, the word "Heights" was added to the name because of the village's topographies. The village was incorporated in 1959. Ladue, Missouri Ladue is a city in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is near St. Louis. At the 2010 census, the population was over 8,521. Koos Andriessen Jacobus Eye "Koos" Andriessen (25 July 1928 – 22 January 2019) was a Dutch politician. He was born in Rotterdam. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). Andriessen was Minister of Economic Affairs from 1963 to 1965 and again from 1989 to 1994 and Minister of Transport and Water Management in 1994. Andriessen died on 22 January 2019 in Rotterdam from complications of Parkinson's disease, aged 90. Andrew Fairlie Andrew Fairlie (21 November 1963 – 22 January 2019) was a Scottish chef. He was born in Perth, Scotland. Fairlie was the head chef of the eponymous Restaurant Andrew Fairlie. in Auchterarder, Perthshire. Restaurant Andrew Fairlie is the only restaurant in Scotland with two Michelin stars, and one of only fifteen in the UK. Fairlie died on 22 January 2019 from brain cancer in Auchterarder at the age of 55. Oliver Mtukudzi Oliver "Tuku" Mtukudzi (22 September 1952 – 23 January 2019) was a Zimbabwean musician, businessman, philanthropist and human rights activist. He was a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador for Southern Africa Region. He was born in Harare. Tuku was thought to have been Zimbabwe's most famous and internationally known cultural icon of all time. On 23 January 2019, Mtukudzi died at the age of 66 at Avenues Clinic in Harare from complications of diabetes. Erik Olin Wright Erik Olin Wright (February 9, 1947 – January 23, 2019) was an American analytical Marxist sociologist. He focused in social stratification and alternative futures to capitalism. He worked at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He was known for his classical Marxism views in his breakdown of the working class into subgroups of diversely. Wright introduced novel concepts to adapt to this change of perspective including deep democracy and interstitial revolution. He was born in Berkeley, California. Wright studied at Harvard University, University of California, Berkeley and at Oxford College. In 2012, Wright was elected President of the American Sociological Association. Wright died on January 23, 2019, from acute myeloid leukemia at a hospital in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, aged 71. Charles Vandenhove Charles, Knight Vandenhove (3 July 1927, Teuven – 22 January 2019, Liège) was a Belgian architect. His company "Charles Vandenhove et associés" is based in Liège, Belgium. He was known for his work in Belgium, the Netherlands and Paris ranging from the 1950s to the 2010s. Vandenhove died of pneumonia in Liège on 22 January 2019, aged 91. Elio Berhanyer Elio Berenguer Úbeda, known as Elio Berhanyer (20 February 1929 – 24 January 2019) was a Spanish fashion designer. He won several prizes in his career. His designs were worn by actresses such as Ava Gardner and Cyd Charisse and royals like Queen Sofía and Infanta Pilar. He was born in Córdoba, Andalusia, Spain. He also designed uniforms for Iberia airline, RTVE and the hostesses for the 1982 FIFA World Cup. He taught Fashion at the University of Córdoba. He died in Madrid on 24 January 2019 at aged 89. Antonio Marchesano Antonio Marchesano (7 November 1930 – 24 January 2019) was a Uruguayan lawyer and politician. He was born in Montevideo. Marchesano was President of the Chamber of Deputies from 1985 to 1986 and Interior Minister from 1986 to 1989. Marchesano died on 24 January 2019 in Montevideo from lung cancer, aged 88. Fernando Sebastián Aguilar Fernando Sebastián Aguilar CMF (14 December 1929 – 24 January 2019) was a Spanish cardinal. He was born in Calatayud, Spain. He was Bishop of León from 1979 to 1983 and Archbishop of Pamplona and Tudela from 1983 to 2007. Sebastián Aguilar died from complications of a stroke on 24 January 2019 in Málaga, Spain, aged 89. Dario Hunter Dario David Hunter (born April 21, 1983), also known as Yisroel Hunter, is an American lawyer, rabbi, educator and politician. He is considered the first Muslim-born person to be ordained as a rabbi. Hunter is openly gay and was raised by his Iranian Muslim father and African American mother in New Jersey. On January 21, 2019 Hunter announced he was forming an exploratory committee with the plans of seeking the Green Party nomination for President in 2020. He announced his candidacy on February 18, 2019. Bruce Corbitt Bruce Kendall Corbitt (December 22, 1962 – January 25, 2019) was an American heavy metal singer. He was best known for alternately fronting the bands Rigor Mortis and Warbeast. His aggressive vocals were first heard on Rigor Mortis’ self-titled debut. Corbitt was diagnosed with stage III esophageal cancer in May 2017. He died on January 25, 2019 at the age of 56. Meshulam Riklis Meshulam Riklis (; 2 December 1923 – 25 January 2019) was an American-Israeli businessman. He was born in Istanbul. He was known for creating the high-yield bonds and leveraged buyouts to take over control of major companies, then doing paper switches of the assets into companies he owned. A movie financier, he was known for financing the movie "Butterfly" starring his ex-wife Pia Zadora. Riklis died on January 25, 2019 in Tel Aviv, aged 95. Krishna Sobti Krishna Sobti (18 February 1925 – 25 January 2019) was an Indian Hindi-language fiction writer and essayist. She won the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1980 for her novel "Zindaginama" and in 1996, was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship. In 2017, she received the Jnanpith Award for her contribution to Indian literature. Sobti died in New Delhi on 25 January 2019 from pneumonia at the age of 93. Dale Barnstable Dale Barnstable (March 4, 1925 – January 26, 2019) was an American basketball player. He was born in Antioch, Illinois. He was banned for life from the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1951 for point shaving. He had a college career at the University of Kentucky before his career came to an abrupt end. He was drafted by the Boston Celtics in their 7th round pick. Barnstable died on January 26, 2019 in Louisville, Kentucky at the age of 93. Antioch, Illinois Antioch is a village in Antioch Township, Lake County, Illinois, United States. The population was 14,430 at the 2010 census. Antioch is located nearly halfway between Chicago and Milwaukee at (42.479069, -88.090878). Sirdavidia Sirdavidia is a genus of plant of the family Annonaceae. The genus only has one species, Sirdavidia solanonna. This rare plant from Gabon attracts bees. Its name comes from David Attenborough, a BBC journalist and author of many naturalist documentaries. Roy Apps Roy Apps (born 1951) is a British screenwriter, dramatist and children's author. He has had 78 books published. In 2001 Apps was awarded a BAFTA for outstanding contributions to children's film and television. For ten years he wrote for the award-winning CBBC series "Byker Grove". Bradley Walsh Bradley John Walsh (born 4 June 1960) is an English actor, comedian, singer, and television presenter. People know him for his roles as Danny Baldwin in "Coronation Street", DS Ronnie Brooks in "", and Graham O'Brien in "Doctor Who". Walsh also hosts the ITV game shows "The Chase" and "Cash Trapped". Walsh is a former professional footballer for Brentford. Jamie Bamber Jamie St John Bamber Griffith (born 3 April 1973) is an English actor. He was born in Hammersmith, London. People know him for his roles as Lee Adama in "Battlestar Galactica", and Detective Sergeant Matt Devlin in "". Personal life. Bamber is married to actress Kerry Norton. The couple have three daughters: Isla and identical twins Darcy and Ava. January 0 January 0 does not exist in any calendars. It sometimes refers to December 31. In an ephimeris. January 0 also refers to the day before January 1 in an annual ephemeris. It keeps the date in the year for which the ephemeris was published. It avoids any reference to the previous year, even though it is the same day as December 31 of the previous year. Software. In Microsoft Excel, the epoch of the 1900 date format is January 0, 1900. Sanford Rosenthal Sandford Rosenthal Early life and career. Sanford Morris Rosenthal (May 5, 1897 – May 1, 1989) was born in Albany, Georgia. He received a medical degree at Vanderbilt University in 1920, and completed a residency and internship at Boston City Hospital (1921-1922). However, his interests shifted to medical research when he became a Fellow of the National Research Council in a pharmacology lab at Johns Hopkins University (1922-1925). He worked in the Department of Pharmacology at McGill University in Montreal, Canada from 1925–1927. Finally, in 1928, he joined the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) in Washington, D.C. Dr. Rosenthal was Chief of the Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases (NIAMD) for 13 years before retiring in 1961. He attained the rank of Medical Director in the USPHS Commissioned Officer Corps. After retiring, Dr. Rosenthal continued to do research at the NIAMD for almost 20 years. He was an author on over 110 papers between 1922 and 1975. Major contributions to medicine. Liver function tests. Dr. Rosenthal's first published paper provided a method for testing the health of the liver. He showed that the rate at which the liver metabolizes an ingested dye can be used to quantify how well this organ functions. His continued work on liver function tests resulted in the use of bromsulphthalein, which remains in use. Mercury poisoning antidote. Dr. Rosenthal discovered that sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate was an antidote for mercury poisoning. This antidote was widely used, and Dr. Rosenthal's discovery is considered one of the major achievements in the history of medical research at the NIH. Antibiotic cure for pneumonia. Based on his observation that sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate also has antibacterial activity, Dr. Rosenthal began work on another group of sulfur-containing compounds -– the sulfa drugs. His decade-long work on sulfa drugs led to his discovery of a treatment for pneumococcal pneumonia with sulfanilamide. Burn therapy. In the early 1940s, Dr. Rosenthal worked on improving the ability of victims of severe burns to survive. Death commonly resulted from shock due to fluid (plasma) loss from the burned skin. He discovered that the replacement of the salts that are in the secreted plasma is the key to a successful and simplified treatment. During the 1950s and early 1960s, Dr. Rosenthal and colleagues undertook a long-term study to test the efficacy of drinking a saline solution (containing table salt and baking soda) to replace the lost salts (the "Peru Project"). His research group demonstrated that this therapy was an effective alternative to the traditional treatment using intravenous injections of whole blood or plasma. The simplified burn therapy remains widely used. Histamines. Dr. Rosenthal and his collaborators were pioneers in the area of histamine biochemistry and physiology. They developed a widely used method for quantifying histamine, worked on the pharmacology of histamines, and determined the biosynthetic pathway for spermidine. Dr. Rosenthal also collaborated in research on the role of polyamines in the function of viral DNA. Awards and honors. Dr. Rosenthal was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1979. He was also a member of American Medical Association, American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Society of American Bacteriologists, and Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. In 1962, he received the Public Health Service Meritorious Service Medal from the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. In 1973, he received the Harvey Stuart Allen Distinguished Service Award from the American Burn Association. In 1980, he received the Award for Experimental Therapeutics from the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics in recognition of his pioneering work on the treatment of shock due to burns. Iran Air Flight 291 Iran Air Flight 291 was a flight that crash landed on January 21, 1980. The flight, carried on a , was making a flight from to in Iran. At 19:11 local time, the plane crashed into the , north of , during its approach to Tehran-Mehrabad runway 29 in foggy and snowy weather conditions. All 8 crew members and 120 passengers died in the incident, and the plane was destroyed. At the time, Iran Air Flight 291 was the deadliest aircraft disaster in Iranian history. Investigators concluded that the probable cause of the crash was believed to be an inoperable and ground . The head of Iran's Civil Aviation Authority and five other officials were charged with manslaughter as a result of the crash of Flight 291. Wadati–Benioff zone A Wadati–Benioff zone is an area within the Earth's crust where earthquakes frequently occur. The frequency of earthquakes in these areas is due to the convergence and subduction of tectonic plates. According to the theory of plate tectonics lithospheric plates move towards each other along convergent plate boundaries. When two plates collide, one is often submerged below the other. They are referred as "downgoing" and "overriding" plates respectively. When a downgoing plate (usually composed of oceanic lithosphere) submerges beneath an overriding plate shallow earthquakes occur at the plate boundary and deeper earthquakes occur in the downgoing plate as it sinks into the Earth. The deep earthquakes caused by the downgoing plate form the Wadati–Benioff zone. The deepest recorded earthquakes come from Wadati–Benioff zones and can extend to depths as much as 650 km (400 mi) deep. Discovery. In 1935 Kiyoo Wadati published research on earthquakes with deep foci and how they are apt to take place near the edges of continents. Further analysis of earthquake foci and location was conducted by Hugo Benioff in 1945 where he developed a way to identify the boundary at which an earthquake was generated. The dipping zone of seismic activity that they helped discover was named in their honor. Dick Dolman Dirk (Dick) Dolman (2 July 1935 – 23 January 2019) was a Dutch politician. In 1970, he became a member of the House of Representatives as a member of the Labour Party (PvdA). He left the House in 1990. From 17 July 1979 to 14 September 1989 he also was Speaker of the House of Representatives. Dolman studied economics at the University of Amsterdam. He was born in Empe (Brummen, Gelderland) and died in Amsterdam at the age of 83. Jean Guillou Jean Victor Arthur Guillou (April 18, 1930 – January 26, 2019) was a French composer, organist, pianist, and pedagogue. He was born in Angers. He composed over 90 works - for organ, chamber and orchestral music. From 1970-2005, Guillou taught organ performance and improvisation at the annual "Züricher International Meisterkurse". Guillou died in Paris on 26 January 2019 at the age of 88. Henrik Jørgensen Henrik Høve Jørgensen (10 October 1961 – 26 January 2019) was a Danish marathon runner. He won the London Marathon in 1988. He finished 5th in 1985 in 2:09.43 hours. This time remains the Danish national record. He was born in Copenhagen. Jørgensen represented his native country in the men's marathon at the 1984 and the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. He was a two-time national champion in the men's 5000 m. Jørgensen died in Bornholm on 26 January 2019 aged 57, from heart attack during a training run. Missing person A missing person is a person who has disappeared and nobody seems to know where they are. People can go missing for many reasons. Reasons. People disappear for many reasons. These are some reasons why someone may go missing by choice: There are also reasons why someone may go missing without wanting to: Normally it is the police who search for a missing person. If someone goes missing at sea, they may instead call on the coast guard or a similar agency. Most missing person cases that are reported to the police are simple cases, where the person is found quickly. In 1999, 800,000 children went missing in the United States, but only 115 cases were kidnapped by a stranger who wanted to keep them for a long period of time. A small number of missing person cases are not solved for many years. These cases can be painful for friends and families, because they cannot be sure what happened to the person. In most countries, the law says that if someone has been missing for many years, the government can declare that the person is dead. This is known as "declaring death "in absentia"". Gerry Plamondon Joseph Gerard Roger Plamondon (January 5, 1924 – January 26, 2019) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played 74 games in the National Hockey League with the Montreal Canadiens. He was born in Sherbrooke, Quebec. He won the Stanley Cup in 1946. Plamondon was the last surviving member of Canadiens 1946 Stanley Cup team. Plamondon died on January 26, 2019 in Sherbrooke at the age of 95. Giuseppe Zamberletti Giuseppe Zamberletti (17 December 1933 – 26 January 2019) was an Italian politician. He was born in Varese, Italy. He was the Minister of Protezione Civile from 1982 to 1987 and Senator from 2004 to 2009. Zamberletti died on 26 January 2019 in Varese from complications of Alzheimer's disease at the age of 85. Henry Chapier Henry Chapier (14 November 1933 – 27 January 2019) was a French journalist, movie critic, television presenter and movie director. He was born in Bucharest, Romania. He later became a stringer at "L'Express". He worked for France 3 from 1987 to 1994. Chapier died on 27 January 2019 at the age of 85. Nina Fyodorova Nina Viktorovna Baldycheva (; 18 July 1947 – 27 January 2019) was a Russian cross-country skier. She competed from 1970 to 1980. She won three medals at the Winter Olympics with a gold in the 4×5 km (1976), a silver in the 4×5 km (1980), and a bronze in the 5 km (1976). In the relay in 1976, she injured her left hand in a fall at the start, but completed the race. She was born in Travino, Pskov Oblast, Russia. Fyodorova died on 27 January 2019 in Saint Petersburg, aged 71. Peter Magowan Peter Alden Magowan (April 5, 1942 – January 27, 2019) was an American businessman. He was the managing general partner of the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball from 1993 through 2008. He was the chief executive officer of Safeway Inc. from 1979 through 1993. Magowan was born in New York City. Magowan died on January 27, 2019 from cancer in San Francisco, California at the age of 76. Birds of Prey (2020 movie) Harley Quinn: Birds of Prey, previously known as Birds of Prey (and the Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn), is an American superhero comedy movie distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures and based on the DC Comics team Birds of Prey. It is to be the eighth movie in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU) and a spin-off from "Suicide Squad" (2016). It will be directed by Cathy Yan from a screenplay by Christina Hodson. It stars Margot Robbie, Jurnee Smollett-Bell, Mary Elizabeth Winstead, Rosie Perez, Ella Jay Basco, and Ewan McGregor. The movie is set after the events of "Suicide Squad", the movie is about Harley Quinn as she joins forces with Black Canary, Huntress, and Renee Montoya to save Cassandra Cain from Gotham City crime lord Black Mask and serial killer Victor Zsasz. "Birds of Prey" is expected to be the first theatrically released R-rated movie in the DCEU. A teaser trailer, was released in January 2019. "Birds of Prey" is scheduled to be released in the United States on February 7, 2020. Huntress (Helena Bertinelli) The Huntress, also known as Helena Rosa Bertinelli, is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. She is a longtime member of the Birds of Prey. In the first two seasons of "Arrow," Helena Bertinelli is played by actress Jessica De Gouw. The character made her cinematic debut in the DC Extended Universe movie "Birds of Prey (and the Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn)", portrayed by Mary Elizabeth Winstead. Renee Montoya Renee Maria Montoya is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created for "" and was introduced into mainstream comics before the airing of her animated debut in 1992. Renee Montoya was a detective from the Gotham City Police Department, assigned to the Major Crimes Unit who comes into contact with masked vigilante Batman. She is a lesbian and resigns from the police force, disgusted by its corruption. The character made her first live action debut on the first season of "Gotham" played by Victoria Cartagena. She will make her cinematic debut in the movie "Birds of Prey (and the Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn)" portrayed by Rosie Perez. Jurnee Smollett-Bell Jurnee Smollett-Bell (born Jurnee Diana Smollett, October 1, 1986) is an American actress. A child actress, she was known for her role on "On Our Own" (1994–1995). She played Eve in the 1997 independent drama movie "Eve's Bayou". As an adult, Smollett-Bell has starred in the movies "The Great Debaters" (2007) and "" (2013). In 2018, Bell was cast as DC Comics superheroine Black Canary in the DC Extended Universe, intended to make her first appearance in "Birds of Prey". Jurrie Koolhof Jurjen Jacob (Jurrie) Koolhof (10 January 1960 – 28 January 2019) was a Dutch international football striker and manager. Koolhof had a long and productive career, with 190 league goals. He was born in Beerta, Netherlands. He played for a number of clubs in the Netherlands including Vitesse Arnhem, F.C. Groningen and PSV Eindhoven. Koolhof was the father of De Graafschap player Dean Koolhof, and tennis pro Wesley Koolhof. Koolhof died on 28 January 2019 from a long-illness in Duiven at the age of 59. Mourad Medelci Mourad Medelci (30 April 1943 – 28 January 2019) was an Algerian politician. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2007 to 2013. He was President of the Constitutional Council of Algeria from 2013 until his death in 2019. He was born in Tlemcen, Algeria. Medelci died on 28 January 2019 in Algiers from a cerebral hemorrhage, aged 75. Pepe Smith Joseph William Feliciano Smith (December 25, 1947 – January 28, 2019) was a Filipino singer-songwriter, drummer and guitarist. He was known by his stage names Joey Smith and Pepe Smith. He was known as a member of Juan de la Cruz Band. Smith was born in Angeles, Pampanga, Philippines. Smith died on January 28, 2019 in a Manila hospital at age 71. Smith suffered his third stroke in 2017. Marianne Williamson 2020 presidential campaign The 2020 presidential campaign of Marianne Williamson, a New Age author and spiritual leader, was announced on January 28, 2019, after the initial formation of an exploratory committee on November 16, 2018. Williamson's bid for the Democratic nomination is her second political campaign, after running as an independent to represent California's 33rd congressional district in 2014. Williamson officially launched her presidential campaign in Los Angeles on January 28, 2019, in front of an audience of 2,000 attendees. Following her Los Angeles announcement, she held her Iowa kickoff in Des Moines on January 31. On January 2, 2020, Williamson laid off her entire campaign staff, speculating a possible withdrawal, in which one of her former staffers said that "...she plans to continue". After only appearing in one of the debates and with low poll numbers, Williamson ended her campaign on January 10, 2020. Hà Tiên Hà Tiên is a city of Kiên Giang Province, Vietnam. It located in Mekong Delta in southern Vietnam. It borders Cambodia to the west. From a very early period, a settlement and a port seem to have existed in this area. Banteay Meas Port located in this area. At that time, it is a part of the Kingdom of Funan. Hà Tiên is built by Chinese adventurer Mo Jiu (Mạc Cửu). Cambodian king appoints him the governor of Peam Province, and send him here. Hà Tiên is built as the capital of the province. In Khmer, Hà Tiên is called "Peam" (ពាម, lit. "river mouth"). Thai people call it "Phutthaimat" (พุทไธมาศ) or "Banthaimat" (บันทายมาศ). Some foreigners call it "Cancao". Later, Mo Jiu surrender to Vietnamese, Peam Province become Hà Tiên Province of Vietnam. Hà Tiên is a popular tourist site of the region, because it has beautiful beaches and landscapes. James Wood (governor) James Wood Jr. (January 28, 1741June 16, 1813) was an American military officer and politician. He was born in Winchester, Virginia. He was an officer of the U.S. Continental Army during the American Revolution. Wood was the 11th Governor of Virginia from 1796 to 1799. Wood was replaced as Governor by future President James Monroe. He was a member of the Federalist Party. Wood died on June 16, 1813 in Richmond, Virginia at the age of 72. Cassie Ventura Casandra Elizabeth Ventura (better known as Cassie; born August 26, 1986) is an American singer, actress, model and dancer. She began her career by way of meeting record producer Ryan Leslie in late 2004. Cassie's self titled first album was released in August 2006. It peaked at #4 on the "Billboard" 200. It has the "Billboard" Hot 100 Top 3 hit "Me & U". She released the song "Official Girl" (which also had Lil Wayne) in 2008. Then she released "Let's Get Crazy" with Akon and "Must be Love" with Sean "Diddy" Combs. Cassie is signed up to modeling agency Wilhelmina Models and One Management. She earlier modeled for Calvin Klein one. She has been shown in magazines, like "GQ". Cassie made her movie start as Sophie Donovan in the dance movie "" in 2008. She also sang the lead song "Is it You" from the "Step Up 2" soundtrack. Cassie was born in New London, Connecticut. Saad Ibn Aqeel Shrine Saad ibn Aqeel Shrine was a mausoleum and husseiniya in Tal Afar in Iraq. It was close to the Sheikh Jawad Mosque. The shrine had a golden dome over the mausoleum of Saad Ibn Aqeel. One of his ancestors was Aqeel ibn Abi Talib. The grave of Saad Ibn Aqeel was in a zarih. McIntosh County, North Dakota McIntosh County is a county in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 2,809 people lived there. The county seat is Ashley. McKenzie County, North Dakota McKenzie County is a county of the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 6,360 people lived there. The county seat is Watford City. McLean County, North Dakota McLean County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 8,962 people lived there. The county seat is Washburn. Morton County, North Dakota Morton County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 27,471 people lived there, making it the sixth-most populous county in North Dakota. The county seat is Mandan. Baird, Texas Baird is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Callahan County. Ballinger, Texas Ballinger is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Runnels County. Murray Cook Murray James Cook, AM (born 30 June 1960) is an Australian musician and actor. Cook was one of the first members of the children's band The Wiggles from 1991 Cook's name in the band was the Red Wiggle. Cook played guitar and sang in the group. Cook also wrote songs for the group. Jeff Fatt Jeffrey Wayne Fatt AM (born July 21, 1953 in Casino, New South Wales, Australia) is an Australian musician and actor. He was a member of the children's group The Wiggles from when the band started in 1991 Fatt was also in the band called The Cockroaches in the 1980s and 1990s. Byker Grove Byker Grove is a British television show which aired from 1989 to 2006. It was created by writer Adele Rose and producer Andrea Wonfor. The show came on at 5:10pm after "Newsround" but it later moved to 5pm on CBBC on BBC One. The show was for older teenagers and young adults. The show sometimes had serious and controversial stories. Sleet Sleet might mean: Rain and snow mixed Rain and snow mixed is known as sleet outside of North America and some parts of Canada. It happens when some of snow that is falling melts into water, causing precipitation that is not quite snow but not quite rain. The name may be shortened to RASN. Indigestion Indigestion, or dyspepsia, is bad digestion. The sufferer may feel a full stomach, heartburn, nausea, belching, or upper abdominal pain. REWE Group The REWE Group is a diversified retail and tourism group based in Cologne, Germany. It is the second largest supermarket chain in Germany after Edeka. Penny (supermarket) Penny or internationally Penny Market (in Austria "Penny Markt") is a discount supermarket chain based in Germany, which operates 3,550 stores. The market was founded by Leibbrand Gruppe in 1973; since 1989 it has been owned by the REWE Group. Norma (supermarket) Norma is a food discount store. It has more than 1,300 stores in Germany, France, the Czech Republic and Austria. The stores are appearing as "Norma" and "Norma-Rodi", as Norma has bought the company Rodi. It was founded in 1964. Mountrail County, North Dakota Mountrail County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 7,673 people lived there. The county seat is Stanley. Aspermont, Texas Aspermont is a town in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Stonewall County. Geography. Aspermont has a total area of 2 square miles. Other websites. Aspermont Star Newspaper Bandera, Texas Bandera is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Bandera County. As of the 2010 census, 857 people lived there. People. Bandera has 857 people living there Bastrop, Texas Bastrop is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Bastrop County. Williams County Williams County is the name of two counties in the United States: Selective Service System The Selective Service System is an independent agency of the United States government. It has information on those subject to the U.S. military draft. All male U.S. citizens and male immigrant non-citizens between ages 18 and 25 are required by law to register within 30 days of their 18th birthdays. They must also contact the Selective Service within ten days of any changes of any information they gave, like a change of address. Females, on the other hand, are not required to register. Registration with Selective Service is also required for several federal programs and benefits, including job training, federal employment, naturalization, Pell grants and student loans. On July 2, 1980, then-President Jimmy Carter signed Proclamation 4771 (Registration under the Military Selective Service Act). That was in response to the Soviet war in Afghanistan the previous year. It re-established the Selective Service registration requirement for all 18-to-26 year old men born on or after January 1, 1960. The first registrations began on July 21, 1980 at various post offices across the United States, starting with men born in 1960. Men born in or after 1963 were required to register within 30 days of their 18th birthday. On April 27, 2016, the Armed House Services Committee voted to add an amendment to extend the authority for draft registration to females. If the bill had passed, it would have authorized then-President Barack Obama to order young women as well as men to register with the Selective System. Wolfgang Thonke Wolfgang Thonke (December 28, 1938 – January 22, 2019), was a German journalist, graduated military scientist, major general, and was the last Deputy Commanding General (A3) of the National People's Army Air Force. Strausberg Strausberg is a town in Brandenburg, Germany. It is located 30 km east of Berlin. With a population of 25,594 it is the largest town in the district of Märkisch-Oderland. Rosemary Bryant Mariner Captain Rosemary Bryant Mariner (née Merims, formerly Conatser; April 2, 1953 – January 24, 2019) was an American aviator. She was one of the first six women to earn their wings as a United States Naval Aviator in 1974. She was the first female military aviator to be in command of an operational air squadron. Mariner died on January 24, 2019 in Anderson County, Tennessee, aged 65 from ovarian cancer. Norman Orentreich Norman Orentreich (; December 26, 1922 – January 23, 2019) was an American dermatologist. He was born in New York City. He was known for performing the first modern hair transplant. Orentreich created Estee Lauder Companies' Clinique line of skin care products. He was the first president of the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery. Orentreich died in New York City from congestive heart failure on January 23, 2019, aged 96. Superpermutation In combinatorial math, a superpermutation is a list of numbers that contains each different arrangement of symbols it is made up of inside of it. While superpermutations can simply be made up of every arrangement listed side by side, it can also be shorter. Sometimes, the arrangements may overlap. For example, when there are 2 different symbols, the superpermutation 1221 contains all possible arrangements, 12 and 21. The list 121 also contains both permutations, 12 at the beginning and 21 at the end. As the number of symbols increases, the length of the superpermutation increases, too. The superpermutation with only 1 symbol is only 1 long (1), while the 2nd superpermutation is 3 long (121). The 3rd superpermutation is 9 long (123121321), and the 4th one is 33 long (123412314231243121342132413214321). The length of the superpermutation with 5 symbols is 153, and it looks like this: 123451234152341253412354123145231425314235142315423124531243512431 52431254312134521342513421534213542132451324153241352413254132145 3214352143251432154321 So far, mathematicians have not been able to find the smallest length superpermutation that uses 6 or more symbols. They are slowly getting closer to finding it out. Six or more symbol superpermutations. Right now, mathematicians do not know what the smallest superpermutation is when there are six or more symbols. However, over time the choices of what they could be have narrowed considerably from both above and below. In September 2011, an unknown person on the internet forum 4chan showed people that there was definitely a smallest superpermutation for any superpermutation with more than 1 symbol. On the website, it was called "The Haruhi Problem", from a Japanese anime called "The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya." It was phrased like this: what would be the shortest amount of episodes that you would need to watch in order to guarantee that you watched every episode of a show? In October 2018, mathematician Robin Houston tweeted about it. On October 25, 2018, Robin Houston, Jay Pantone, and Vince Vatter made the unknown person's proof better and posted it to the mathematics community. On October 20 2018, Greg Egan found smaller superpermutations for ones with six or more symbols than there had ever been. This shows that smallest superpermutation must be at most that size. As time goes on, people think that the smallest and largest possible lengths for these superpermutations will be narrowed down further. There is only one definite smallest superpermutation for each number of symbols. Vrelo (Babušnica) Vrelo is a village in Babušnica, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a total of 141 people. Sheniz Janmohamed Sheniz Janmohamed is a Canadian poet and arts educator based in Toronto, Ontario. Her work has been featured in several journals including Descant, Quill & Quire. In 2016, she obtained the Artist Educator Mentorship Certification from the Royal Conservatory, Toronto. Career. Sheniz was born in North York and raised in Scarborough. Sheniz attended at the University of Toronto and completed BA Honours in English and Religion. She also graduated from the University of Guelph and obtained a Master's Of Fine Arts in Creative Writing in 2006. In 2010, her first book, "Bleeding Light", a collection of ghazals, was published by Mawenzi House. She has performed and lectured at several notable events including TedXYouth Conference, Vancouver Writers Fest. In 2013, she was invited to read on stage with Javed Akhtar at the "ZEE Jaipur Literature Festival". In 2015, Sheniz was granted the Lois Birkenshaw-Fleming Creative Teaching Scholarship. Shane Dawson Shane Lee Yaw (born July 19, 1988), known professionally as Shane Dawson, is an American YouTuber, author, sketch comedian, actor, director, media personality and musician. He was one of the first people to become famous on YouTube, and since kept an online presence. He was born in Long Beach, California. He is known for his sketch-comedy videos, parody, Lets-Play and conspiracy theory videos. In July 2015, Dawson came out as bisexual. Jeffree Star Jeffree Star (born Jeffrey Lynn Steininger Jr.; November 15, 1985) is an American Internet personality, makeup artist, entrepreneur, and singer-songwriter. He is the founder and owner of Jeffree Star Cosmetics. Star was born in Orange County, California. In 2009, Star released his first and only studio album, "Beauty Killer", which included songs such as "Lollipop Luxury" featuring Nicki Minaj. He is gay. He appeared in the second version of Kesha's music video for her single "Take It Off" in 2010. is first cosmetics release was a collection of velour liquid lipsticks, which were followed by highlighter palettes, lip scrubs, eyeshadow palettes, clothing, and accessories, such as mirrors and make up bags. Mohammad Nabi Habibi Mohammad Nabi Habibi (, 19 December 1945 – 29 January 2019) was an Iranian politician. He was Secretary-General of the Islamic Coalition Party from 2004 until his death in 2019. He was Mayor of Tehran from 1983 until 1987, lasting 44 months. Habibi died from a heart attack on 29 January 2019 in Tehran, aged 73. Charles J. Hynes Charles Joseph Hynes (May 28, 1935 – January 29, 2019) was an American lawyer and Democratic politician. He was born in New York City. He was Kings County District Attorney from 1990 to 2013. He was also the 24th New York City Fire Commissioner from 1980 to 1982. Hynes died on January 29, 2019 at a hospital in Delray Beach, Florida following heart surgery and undergoing treatment for leukemia at the age of 83. Per Jorsett Per Jorsett (11 May 1920 – 30 January 2019) was a Norwegian freelance sports reporter, sport historian and sports shooter. He reported for "Sportsmanden" from 1945 to 1961, and for the newspapers "Dagbladet" and "Nationen". He had commissions for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation from 1947 to 1991. He wrote books on the Olympic Games. Jorsett died on 30 January 2019 in Oslo from cardiopulmonary arrest, aged 98. James Ingram James Edward Ingram (February 16, 1952 – January 29, 2019) was an American singer-songwriter, record producer, actor and keyboardist. He won two Grammy Awards and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song two times. Ingram was born in Akron, Ohio. He had two number-one singles on the Hot 100. The first was a duet with fellow R&B artist Patti Austin in 1982's "Baby, Come to Me" and "I Don't Have the Heart", which became his second number-one in 1990 was his only number-one as a solo artist. He was also known for the song "Somewhere Out There" with fellow recording artist Linda Ronstadt for the animated movie "An American Tail". Ingram died on January 29, 2019, aged 66, from brain cancer, at his home in Los Angeles. Ladysmith, Wisconsin Ladysmith is a city and the county seat of Rusk County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,414 at the 2010 census. Mount Asgard Mount Asgard is a mountain in Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada. The mountain has a two mountain peaks. The mountain peaks are flat at the top, in a circular shape. The peaks are connected by a large piece of rock. The mountain is on the Cumberland Peninsula of Baffin Island and it is part of the Baffin Mountains mountain range. The mountain is made up of granite. The mountain is named after Asgard. Asgard is the home of the gods in Norse mythology. History. The northern peak of Mount Asgard was climbed for the first time in 1953. The climbers that climbed the mountain were J. Weber, J. Marmet, and H. Röthlisberger. They were Swiss scientists that were part of the Arctic Institute Baffin Island Expedition. The expedition's leader was a Canadian named P. Baird. The southern peak of the mountain was climbed for the first time in 1971. The climbers that climbed it were G. Lee, R. Wood, P. Clanky, J. Pavur, Y. Kamisawa and P. Koch. Since the peaks have been climbed for the first time, there are now more than 13 routes going up the mountain. Most of these routes are very difficult and challenging. They often use free climbing and aid climbing techniques. Fate/stay night is a Japanese visual novel. It was developed by Type-Moon. At first, it was released as an adult game for Windows. There is a manga series by Datto Nishiwaki based on this visual novel. It was published in Kadokawa Shoten's manga magazine "Shōnen Ace". A 24-episode anime series was created by Studio Deen. It aired in Japan between January and June 2006. A second anime television series, "" was produced by Ufotable. It aired between October 2014 and June 2015. "Fate/stay night" is the "highest selling visual novel" in 2004 of the adult game retailer Getchu.com. Readers of "Dengeki G's Magazine" ranked the game second in a list of "most interesting bishōjo games" in August 2007. Real (hypermarket) Mein real (stylized mein real, real until 2022 and real,- until 2017) is a German hypermarket chain operating in Germany and earlier in Europe that was part of the German trade and retail giant Metro AG. It was founded in 1992. Since June 2020 it belongs to russian financial investor SCP. Media Markt Media Markt is a German chain of stores selling consumer electronics with numerous branches throughout Europe. It is Europe's largest retailer of consumer electronics, and the second largest in the world after American retailer Best Buy. Fairfield, Texas Fairfield is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Freestone County. Bay City, Texas Bay City is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Matagorda County. Memphis, Texas Memphis is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Hall County. Nelson County, North Dakota Nelson County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, 3,126 people lived there. The county seat is Lakota. It was founded in 1883. Deaths in February 2019 The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in February 2019. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting. Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source. Maidan Shar attack On 21 January 2019, in central Afghanistan, the Taliban attacked a military compound in Maidan Shar, Maidan Wardak Province. The attack killed soldiers of the Afghan National Security Forces. The Taliban attacked while in the process of negotiating a truce with the United States. The attack began when a car bomb rammed through a military checkpoint and onto the grounds of the compound, where the car exploded. After the explosion, two gunmen entered the base and opened fire on Afghan soldiers, before both attackers were shot dead. 126 people were killed in the attack. The Taliban claimed responsibility, saying that over 190 people were killed in the attack. The Afghan National Directorate of Security reported that 36 military personnel were killed. 2019 South Sulawesi floods On 22 January 2019, floods caused by heavy rainfall hit the Indonesian province of South Sulawesi. At least 68 people were killed. Gowa Regency was hard-hit having the majority of the fatalities. The most destructive flood was caused by the overflowing of the Jeneberang River and the opening of the watergates of the Bili-Bili Dam in Gowa, though other floods also occurred elsewhere in the province. Brumadinho dam disaster The Brumadinho dam disaster occurred on 25 January 2019 when a tailings dam at an iron ore mine in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil suffered a collapsed and exploded. The dam was owned by Vale, the same company which was involved in the 2015 Bento Rodrigues dam disaster. The dam released a mudflow that advanced over houses in a rural area near the city. At least 110 people died as a result of the collapse. President Jair Bolsonaro, sent three ministers to follow the rescue efforts. Manny Pacquiao Emmanuel Dapidran Pacquiao, PLH ( ; ; born December 17, 1978) is a Filipino professional boxer and politician. Pacquiao was born in Kibawe, Bukidnon, Philippines. He studied at Notre Dame of Dadiangas University. He is the only eight-division world champion in the history of boxing. He won eleven major world titles, as well as being the first boxer to win the lineal championship in five different weight classes. Pacquiao is also the first boxer in history to win major world titles in four of the original eight weight classes of boxing: flyweight, featherweight, lightweight, and welterweight. Pacquiao has generated about 19.6 million in pay-per-view buys and $1.2 billion in revenue from his 24 pay-per-view bouts. According to "Forbes", he was the second highest paid athlete in the world as of 2015. In May 2010, Pacquiao was elected to the House of Representatives representing the province of Sarangani. He was re-elected in 2013. In June 2016, Pacquiao was elected as a senator and will serve a six-year term until 2022. Pacquiao was a top candidate for President of the Philippines in the 2022 presidential election. At first President Rodrigo Duterte said in December 2016 and December 2017 that he wants to make Pacquiao his replacement. In September 2021, Pacquiao announced his presidential candidacy in the 2022 election. He lost the election in May 2022. 2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings On the morning of January 27, 2019, two bombs exploded at the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Jolo, Sulu, in the Philippines. Twenty people were killed and 82 injured in the bombings. The Islamic State (IS) took responsibility for the bombings. January–February 2019 North American cold wave In late January, 2019, a severe cold wave caused by a polar vortex hit the Midwestern United States and Eastern Canada and lasted into February. It killed between 8 and 21 people. It came after a winter storm that brought nearly of snow in some parts of the region. The U.S. states of Michigan, New York, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota and Indiana were affected by the vortex. In Canada, parts of the provinces of Manitoba and Ontario were affected. In the Chicago area, temperatures went as low as at O'Hare International Airport on January 30. Chicago's Northerly Island recorded temperatures as low as and Chicago's Midway International Airport recorded a temperature of . Chicago also reached record lows on January 31, with a temperature of and a windchill of . Jean-Marc Fontaine Jean-Marc Fontaine (13 March 1944 – 29 January 2019) was a French mathematician. He was one of the founders of p-adic Hodge theory. He was a professor at Paris-Sud 11 University from 1988 to his death. He was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, France. In 1984 he received the Prix Carrière from the French Academy of Sciences. Beginning in 2002 he was a member of the French Academy of Sciences. Fontaine died on 29 January 2019 in Paris from thyroid cancer at the age of 74. Andy Hebenton Andrew Alexander "Spuds" Hebenton (October 3, 1929 – January 29, 2019) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He holds the record for the longest streak without missing a game in professional hockey history. He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Hebenton played for the New York Rangers and Boston Bruins. He retired in 1976. Hebenton died on January 29, 2019 in Portland, Oregon from bladder cancer, aged 89. Stewart Adams Stewart Sanders Adams (1923 – 30 January 2019) was a British chemist. He was known for creating ibuprofen in the early 1960s. Adams died aged 95 at the Queen's Medical Centre in Nottingham from pneumonia on 30 January 2019. Kálmán Ihász Kálmán Ihász (6 March 1941 – 31 January 2019) was a Hungarian footballer. During his club career he played for Vasas SC. For the Hungary national football team, he participated in the 1962 FIFA World Cup. He also won a gold medal in 1964 Summer Olympics. Ihász was born in Budapest. Ihász died on 31 January 2019 in Budapest from cerebral infarction, aged 77. Pierre Nanterme Pierre Nanterme (7 September 1959 – 31 January 2019) was a French business executive. He was the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Accenture. Nanterme was diagnosed with colon cancer in 2016. Nanterme died on 31 January 2019 at the age of 59. Georges Sarre Georges Sarre (26 November 1935 – 31 January 2019) was a French politician. He was born in Chénérailles, Creuse. He was the leader of the Citizen and Republican Movement. He was elected MEP in the 1979 European elections and was elected to the French National Assembly for Paris in 1981. Sarre died on 31 January 2019 in Paris from coronary artery disease, aged 83. Don Laughlin Donald J. "Don" Laughlin (born May 4, 1931) is an American gambling entrepreneur, hotelier and rancher. The town of Laughlin, Nevada, is named after him. Laughlin moved to Las Vegas, Nevada, in the late 1950s and purchased his first casino, the "101 Club." By 1964, Laughlin had sold the 101 Club. He is known for owning the Riverside Resort Hotel & Casino. Robert Ettinger Robert Chester Wilson Ettinger (December 4, 1918 – July 23, 2011) was an American academic. He was known as "the father of cryonics" because of the impact of his 1962 book "The Prospect of Immortality". Ettinger founded the Cryonics Institute and the related Immortalist Society and until 2003. FM-2030 FM-2030 (born Fereidoun M. Esfandiary ; October 15, 1930 – July 8, 2000) was a Belgian-born Iranian-American author, teacher, transhumanist philosopher, futurist, consultant and athlete. He was a known transhumanist with the book "Are You a Transhuman?: Monitoring and Stimulating Your Personal Rate of Growth in a Rapidly Changing World", published in 1989. Dick Clair Dick Clair (November 12, 1931 – December 12, 1988) was an American television producer, actor and television and movie writer. He was born in San Francisco, California. He was best known for the television sitcoms "It's a Living", "The Facts of Life", and "Mama's Family". He won three Emmy Award for his writings on "The Carol Burnett Show" (1974, 1975, 1978). Clair died of AIDS in Los Angeles on December 12, 1988, aged 57. His body is chronologically frozen. Gendarmerie The gendarmerie means either the place where gendarmes are stationed or a military armed force. The gendarmerie is part of the army. In places where gendarmes are deployed outside, they also have a provost function. Name. The term gendarme comes from the old medieval French "Gens d'armes". In English, it can be translated as men-at-arms. In Italy, they are called "carabinieri". In first use, a troop of horsemen equipped with a carbine. Functions. Like the police, it has a role in road safety and surveillance of military places. The gendarmerie also provides mountain rescue capability. In conflict zones, the gendarmerie's function is the restoration of law and order as a provost unit. In addition to the police, the gendarmerie has military equipments such as armored transport. French influence. The use of military units for civilian police is common to many eras and cultures. Belgium and Austria had gendarmeries (Royal Guard), but they merged with civilian police. Many former French colonies, particularly in Africa, have kept gendarmeries. The common symbol of the gendarmerie is the inflamed grenade. This symbol was used first by the French gendarmerie. Argentine food Argentine food is a mix of foods from various cultures. There are Mediterranean influences (Italian, Spanish) and indigenous peoples. There are many agricultural products that are available in the country. Beef eating has averaged 100 kg (220 lbs) per capita, consumption averaged 67.7 kg (149 lbs) in 2007. Beyond "asado" (the Argentine barbecue), no other dish matches the national identity. The country's vast area, and cultural diversity, have led to a local cuisine of various dishes. Argentine people have a reputation for their love of eating. Social gatherings are commonly centered on sharing a meal. Invitations to have dinner at home is generally viewed as a symbol of friendship, warmth, and integration. Sunday family lunch is considered the most significant meal of the week, whose highlights often include asado or pasta. Argentine restaurants include a great variety of cuisines, prices, and flavors. Large cities tend to host everything from high-end international cuisine, to "bodegones" (inexpensive traditional hidden taverns), less stylish restaurants, and bars and canteens offering a range of dishes at affordable prices. Ely College Ely College is a secondary school located in Ely, Cambridgeshire. History. In 1957, Ely High School for Girls moved out of the centre of Ely to Downham Road. A primary school was built around the same time. In 1969 a charity donation meant a secondary school was built. In 1972 these schools became the City of Ely Community College. It was re-named Ely College in 2011. In 2011 Ely College became an Academy. It joined the Cfbt Trust in 2012. It then joined the CMAT Trust in 2016 instead. CMAT and the House System. CMAT was formed in 2011. The Trust began as Cambridge Meridian Education Trust (CMET) in 2009. The trust started with Swavesey Village College. In 2011 CMET became Cambridge Meridian Academies Trust (CMAT). This meant it could have more academies. Ely College is organised into four 'Houses'. Each of them have around 250 students and 30 staff. They are named Etheldreda, Scott, Franklin and Turing. This system is used in many of the CMAT academies. Bishop Laney. Bishop Laney Sixth Form is on the same site as the College. It used to be called Ely College Sixth Form. It is a project between Ely College and Soham Village College. The Sixth Form offers A-Level courses and Technical Awards. It also works with Norwich City Football Club who run a football course. Ofsted reports. In 2013, Ofsted rated Ely College as 'Good'. In 2015, Ofsted rated Ely College as 'Inadequate'. It needed special measures. Kaufland Paul Steven Bostaph (born 4 March 1964 in San Francisco, California) is an American metal drummer who is currently performing with the thrash metal band Slayer. He began his drumming career in 1984, and has since worked with bands like Forbidden, Exodus, Systematic, and Testament. "Metal-Rules.com" described Bostaph as "a true professional and one of the best drummers on today's metal music scene." Career. Early years. Bostaph first wanted to play the bass guitar, but later chose the drums because he found a kit that was cheaper than a bass. He listened to The Beatles and The Beach Boys, but AC/DC got him into rock drumming. He bought his first drum kit at the age of 15 and decided to become a metal drummer after listening to "Killers" by Iron Maiden. He was also influenced by bands like ELO, Blue Öyster Cult and Black Sabbath. His biggest drumming inspirations are Phil Rudd, Clive Burr, Tommy Aldridge, Nicko McBrain, Cozy Powell, Jeff Porcaro, Steve Smith, Dave Lombardo, and Tommy Lee. Forbidden (1985–1992). Bostaph played drums for Forbidden from 1985–1992, playing on their first two studio albums, "Forbidden Evil" and "Twisted into Form". He also played on their 1989 live EP "Raw Evil: Live at the Dynamo". He is regarded as their most prolific 'permanent' drummer to date. Slayer and solo work. After drummer Dave Lombardo of Slayer left in 1992, the band was looking for a new drummer. Lombardo's drum tech was filling in but kept on making errors. After auditioning several drummers and listening to hundreds of demo tapes, Bostaph was recommended by Slayer guitarist Kerry King's guitar technician. Slayer members listened to some Forbidden records, however, they did not see how Bostaph could fit in Slayer – Lombardo's style was "over the top", while Forbidden was more melodic. Slayer auditioned Bostaph with nine songs, and he made only one error on "Angel of Death". Bostaph had to practice a lot to improve the strength of his hands and feet; "I respected and loved Dave's drumming but as a fan, if they got a new drummer and I bought a ticket to a show, I would expect to hear the stuff that Dave does, that's what I would want. So, I went in and every time I had to learn a new song I would play them exactly how Dave played them". Bostaph recorded four albums with Slayer; his least favorite is 1994's "Divine Intervention". This is due to the guitars not being loud enough as they were in the recording session, the band moving around to several recording studios, and a producer who had never done any heavy metal music. The producer changed near the end of recording to Toby Wright – Bostaph stating "that record never had any consistency to it although a lot of fans still like it." Bostaph left the band in 1996 to concentrate on his solo project, Truth About Seafood, and was replaced by Jon Dette; however, he returned in 1997. His second favorite album is 2001's "God Hates Us All"; "The whole era that I was with the band that was the album that was the most well-rounded and mixed the best" with "Diabolus in Musica". Bostaph left Slayer after the release of "God Hates Us All", after a chronic elbow injury he had received restricted his ability to play. (although he later said that he actually left because "Musically, I wanted to do something else".) His third last performance with the band is recorded on the DVD "War at the Warfield" recorded on December 7, 2001. Bostaph is yet to watch it as he feels "It's like breaking up with a girlfriend" and needs to move on with his life. He remained friends with the Slayer members, and when asked if he would work with them in the future, he replied "sure". Bostaph was temporarily replaced by original Slayer drummer Dave Lombardo, which later proved to be a permanent arrangement until 2013, when the band announced he has replaced Lombardo for the second time. Homologous series In chemistry, a homologous series is a series of chemical compounds with the same general formula. Usually these compounds vary by a single parameter such as the length of a carbon chain. Examples of such series are the straight-chained alkanes (paraffins), and some of their derivatives (such as the primary alcohols, aldehydes, and (mono)carboxylic acids). Compounds within a homologous series typically have a fixed set of functional groups that gives them similar chemical and physical properties. For example, the series of primary straight-chained alcohols has an hydroxyl at the end of the carbon chain. These properties typically change gradually along the series, and the changes can often be explained by small differences in molecular size and mass. Canada men's national volleyball team The Canada national volleyball team represents Canada in international volleyball competitions. Czech Republic men's national volleyball team The Czech Republic national volleyball team represents Czech Republic in international volleyball competitions. Egypt men's national volleyball team The Egypt national volleyball team represents Egypt in international volleyball competitions. Tunisia men's national volleyball team The Tunisia national volleyball team represents Tunisia in international volleyball competitions. Shenandoah Valley The Shenandoah Valley (nicknamed "The Big Valley" ) is a geographic valley and cultural region of western Virginia and the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia in the United States. The valley is bounded on the east by the Blue Ridge Mountains. On the west it is bounded by the eastern front of the Appalachians. To the north it goes to the Potomac River and to the south by the James River. The cultural region covers a larger area that includes all of the valley plus the Virginia highlands to the west, and the Roanoke Valley to the south. The Valley is about long. It is the home of two well-known universities, James Madison and Shenandoah University. History. For nearly 11,000 years before the Europeans came, Native Americans lived in the Shenandoah Valley. The first European to visit the area was probably a Jesuit priest in 1632. However, the first European credited with exploring the Valley was a German doctor named John Lederer in 1669. In the 1600s, Englishmen were told about the large forests which included chestnut trees as tall as . Jackson's Valley Campaign Was fought here in 1862. Geography. It is named for the river that stretches much of its length. The Shenandoah Valley has eight counties in Virginia and two counties in West Virginia. The cultural region includes five more counties in Virginia: At Harpers Ferry the Shenandoah River joins the Potomac. The Valley's cultural region contains 10 independent cities: Reductio ad Hitlerum Reductio ad Hitlerum, also known as playing the Hitler card, is a logical fallacy described by Leo Strauss, a philosopher, in 1951. It happens when someone compares their opponent's view with Hitler or something that he did. It is a form of ad hominem, distracting from the argument by criticizing the opponent. It works because in the modern world, people think of Nazism as a bad thing. During the 2016 US Presidential Election, Republican candidate Donald J. Trump has been repeatedly compared to Hitler by commentators and comedians. An example is as follows: As person 2 has criticized the opponent as opposed to the argument by comparing them to Hitler without giving any reasons as to why X is not true, they have committed reductio ad Hitlerum. Leo Strauss Leo Strauss (September 20, 1899 – October 18, 1973) was a German-American political philosopher and classicist who became an expert on political philosophy. He was born in Germany to Jewish parents and later went to the United States. He spent most of his time as a teacher of political science at the University of Chicago, where he taught students and put into print 15 books. He was particularly concerned with the idea of whether freedom and excellence could go together, but his ideas were criticised by Nicholas Xenos as wanting to go back to an era of fascism. He was against the idea of a world state as he thought it would lead to tyranny. Wachseldorn Wachseldorn is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Wahlern Wahlern was a municipality in Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011, Wahlern and Albligen joined together to become the new municipality, Schwarzenburg. Schwarzenburg Schwarzenburg is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2011 through the merger of the municipalities of Wahlern and Albligen. Mosen, Lucerne Mosen was a municipality of the district Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Since 1 January 2009, it became part of the municipality of Hitzkirch. Müswangen Müswangen was a municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Since 1 January 2009, it became part of the municipality of Hitzkirch. Brontallo Brontallo is a village and former municipality of the district Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 4 April 2004 the former municipalities of Broglio, Brontallo, Fusio, Menzonio, Peccia and Prato-Sornico merged to form the new municipality of Lavizzara. Peccia Peccia is one of six small Swiss municipalities that merged on 4 April 2004 to form the new municipality of Lavizzara, with about 1000 people. The other municipalities were Broglio, Brontallo, Fusio, Menzonio, and Prato-Sornico. Web crawler A web crawler or spider is a computer program that automatically fetches the contents of a web page. The program then analyses the content, for example to index it by certain search terms. Search engines commonly use web crawlers. Per capita income Per capita income or average income is the average amount of money a person gets in a year. It is found by dividing the amount of money in an area by the number of people living there. Per capita income is often used to measure an area's average income. The currency used is often the euro or the US dollar as they are widely used international currencies. It has been criticised for not accounting for inflation. This means that it overstates economic growth. It also means that a small number of wealthy people can increase the country's per capita income whilst the rest of the population experience no change. It does not account for the differences in the cost of living between countries. Sunnyvale, California Sunnyvale is a city in the U.S. state of California. It is near San Francisco and San Jose. It is the seventh most populated city in the San Francisco Bay Area. As of the 2010 census, 140,095 people were living in Sunnyvale. Booby trap A booby trap is a device or setup that is intended to kill, harm or surprise a person. It is usually triggered by the actions of the victim who did not know the booby trap was there. During the Vietnam War nearly 70% of American casualties were due to booby traps. In war, booby traps are a form of psychological warfare. They are designed to make soldiers slow down and be very cautious. As the word "trap" implies, they sometimes have some form of bait to attract the victim. At other times, the trap is set to act upon trespassers that come into personal or restricted areas. The device can be triggered when the victim performs some type of everyday action. For example opening a door, picking something up or switching something on. They can also be triggered by vehicles driving along a road such as an improvised explosive devices (IED's). Often booby traps are placed in a choke point where people or vehicles would normally move through. Lethal booby traps are often used in warfare, particularly guerrilla warfare. Traps designed to cause injury or pain are sometimes used by criminals wanting to protect drugs or other illicit property. They are also used some owners of legal property who wish to protect it from theft. San Pedro Department, Paraguay The San Pedro department () is a department of Paraguay. The capital is the city of San Pedro de Ycuamandiyú. Its code is PY-02. The name San Pedro ("Saint Peter") was given after its capital. History. During the 17th and 18th centuries there was much problems with the people in the region. To help for the economic growth, three towns were started: San Estanislao (1749), Villa del Rosario (1786) and San Pedro de Ycuamandiyú (1786). San Pedro, the second department of the country, was created by law in 1906, and had the territories of Itacurubí del Rosario, Santa Rosa del Aguaray, Tacuatí, Unión, Ygatimi and Curuguaty, as well as the area of the present Canindeyú department. Its limits were given finally by the Law 426 of 26 December 1973. Geography. The San Pedro department is in the north central part of the "Oriental" region. It has an area of , the largest of the "Oriental" region, with a population of 360,094 for a population density of . Rivers. The main river in the department, and of Paraguay, is the Paraguay that makes the western border of the department. Other rivers are the Jejuí Guazú, long, and the Ypané, long. Climate. , the total amount of precipitation in the city of San Pedro de Ycuamandiyú was . The month with the most precipitation was April with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation was August with . The average temperature for the year 2014 in San Pedro de Ycuamandiyú was . The warmest month, on average, was February with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of . Districts. The department is divided in 20 districts: Jeju Island Jejudo (also known as Jeju Island) is the largest island off the coast of the Korean Peninsula. It is the main island of Jeju Province of South Korea. The island lies in the Korea Strait, southwest of South Jeolla Province. The island contains the natural World Heritage Site Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes. The highest point in South Korea is the Island's dormant volcano, Hallasan, which stands above sea level. Jejudo has a temperate climate. Even in winter, the temperature rarely falls below . The Island is a popular place for Korean newlyweds to honeymoon. Jeju Island is 73 km wide from east to west and 31 km wide from north to south. Most of Jeju Island is made out of volcanic rocks from the Holocene era. First, the basalt lava erupted to make the Hallasan shield volcano about 2 million years ago. Hallasan was still active into recorded history, but it is not active now. Then this first layer of volcanic rock was covered up with sediment. Then there was another set of eruptions, which made most of the rock on the surface of Jeju Island today. In the third round of volcanic activity, Hallasan grew to its current, tall height, 1950 m. Sinusitis Sinusitis means infection or inflammation of the sinuses, which are air-filled spaces inside the bones of the face. There are many symptoms, including thick nasal mucus, a plugged nose, and pain in the face. Rain, Lucerne Rain is a municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Retschwil Retschwil was a municipality, in the municipality of Hitzkirch and the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Queen Anne of Romania Princess Anne of Bourbon-Parma, also known as Queen Anne of Romania ("Anne Antoinette Françoise Charlotte Zita Marguerite of Bourbon-Parma", 18 September 1923 – 1 August 2016), was the wife of former king Michael I of Romania. Early life. Anne was born in Paris, France, the only daughter of Prince René of Bourbon-Parma and Princess Margaret of Denmark. Anne was the younger sister of Prince Jacques of Bourbon-Parma and elder sister to Prince Michel of Bourbon-Parma who married Princess Maria Pia of Savoy (eldest child of King Umberto II of Italy and Queen Marie José), and Prince André of Bourbon-Parma. As a granddaughter of Robert I, Duke of Parma she was first cousin to: King Boris III of Bulgaria; Robert Hugo, Duke of Parma; Princess Alicia, Dowager Duchess of Calabria; Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma; Crown Prince Otto of Austria; and Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg. In 1939 Anne's family fled from the Nazi Germans and escaped to Spain, then to Portugal finally to the United States. She attended the Parsons School of Design in New York City from 1940 to 1943. She also worked as a sales assistant at Macy's department store. In 1943 she joined the French Army as an ambulance driver. She served in Algeria, Morocco, Italy, Luxembourg and Germany. She received the French "Croix de guerre" for her wartime service. Marriage. Engagement. In November 1947, Anne met King Michael I of Romania who was visiting London for the wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh. They met several times in London, always with her mother or brother. Michael asked her to marry him. Michael returned to Romania, where he was told by the prime minister it was not the right tine to announce the wedding. A few days later, the government said the wedding was the reason for Michael's sudden "abdication". In fact the king was deposed by the Communists on 30 December. Wedding. Anne was a Catholic and under their rules, she needed the church's permission to marry Michael who was not a Catholic. This permission could be given if Michael agreed to allow their future children to be raised as Catholics. Michael refused to do this, as it was against the laws of Romania, and it would make it impossible for him to regain his position as king. The Holy See refused to grant permission for the wedding. The two families decided to take their case to the Vatican. In early March, the couple's mothers met with Pope Pius XII who also refused permission for Anne to marry Michael. Anne and Michael decided to marry without church permission. Anne's paternal uncle, Xavier, Duke of Parma, said he objected to the marriage that did not have the Pope's permission. He also told Anne's parents not to attend the wedding. Anne's family was represented at the ceremony by her maternal uncle, Prince Eric of Denmark. The wedding ceremony was held on 10 June 1948 in Athens, Greece, in the throne room of the Royal Palace. The ceremony was performed by Archbishop Damaskinos. Guests at the wedding included: Helen, Queen Mother of Romania, Michael's aunts Queen Frederica, Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark, Duchess of Aosta, Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark; his cousins Alexandra, Queen Consort of Yugoslavia, Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta, King Paul of Greece, Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark, Crown Prince Constantine of Greece and Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark, the three youngest ones serving as bridesmaids and pageboys; Anne's maternal uncle Prince Eric of Denmark; Princess Nicholas of Greece and Denmark, Prince George William of Hanover and many others. The couple took part in a religious ceremony on 9 November 1966, at the Roman Catholic Church of St Charles in Monaco, to make the marriage "legal" for the church. Adult life. After their wedding in 1948, Anne and Michael lived in Hertfordshire for four years. They became market gardeners and farmed poultry. In 1956 they moved to Versoix on Lake Geneva, and raised five daughters there. In 1992 Anne and Michael visited Romania for three days; it was Anne's first visit to the country. From 1993 to 1997, Michael was refused entry to Romania by the Romanian government. Anne visited the country a number of times representing her husband. After 1997, there were no restrictions on Anne and Michael's entry into Romania. Elisabeta Palace was made available for them to use, and they recovered some properties from the state, including Săvârşin Castle and Peleş Castle. In June 2008, Anne and Michael celebrated their 60th Wedding Anniversary, with three days of events in Romania. Events included a concert by the George Enescu Philharmonic Orchestra at the Romanian Athenaeum, an official reception at Athenee Palace in Bucharest, and book launch at the National Museum of Romanian History. Death. Anne died on 1 August 2016 in a hospital in Morges, Switzerland, at the age of 92. The family refused a posthumous military medal. Romania's President Klaus Iohannis said "Her Majesty Queen Ana of Romania will remain forever in memory and in our hearts as one of the most important symbols of wisdom, dignity and, especially, as a model of moral conduct." The government made 13 August 2016 a national day of mourning. The Romanian flag was flown at half-mast on all buildings. Television and radio broadcasts were told to make their programs suitable for the memory of Anne of Romania. The funeral was held at the Curtea de Argeș Cathedral. The government of Moldova also held a national day of mourning on 13 August in memory of Queen Anne, asking for everyone to observe a moment of silence at 10 am on that day. Colin Bean Colin Bean (15 April 1926 – 20 June 2009) was an English actor. He was best known for his role as Private Sponge in the BBC comedy series "Dad's Army". He appeared in 45 episodes between 1968 and 1977. He also had roles in "Are You Being Served?", "Hi-de-Hi!" and "Z Cars". Bean was born in Wigan, Lancashire (now Greater Manchester). He died on 20 June 2009, aged 83. A. P. Hill Ambrose Powell Hill, Jr. (1825–1865) was a career United States Army officer from Virginia who resigned and served as a Confederate States Army general and died near the end of the American Civil War. He had started his military career in 1847, graduating from the United States Military Academy at West Point, 15th out of a class of 38. While at the academy, he and his roommate George B. McClellan became close friends. He served during the last part of the Mexican-American War in Texas. He served during the Seminole War of 1849–50 in Florida. Hill is best known for commanding the "Light Division" under General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson. Family history. The Hill family had come to Virginia two centuries before the Civil War. The earliest family members (then spelled "Hull") traced back to 12th century England. Henry and William Hill of Shropshire came to Virginia in 1630. They settled in Middlesex County, Virginia. Both brothers were tobacco farmers and both had large families. In 1740, Russel Hill, William's great-grandson, moved to Culpepper County, Virginia. His son, Henry Hill served in the American Revolutionary War under Colonel Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee. His son, Thomas Hill, was a farmer, merchant, and politician. He married Fannie Russel Baptist. Together they had four sons followed by three daughters. Their fourth son was Ambrose Powell Hill, Jr. Early life. On November 9, 1825, Ambrose Powell Hill, Jr., was born at Greenland, his father's plantation near Culpepper, Virginia. But all throughout his childhood, he was called Powell. He went to the local schools. Hill wanted to go into the military, and in 1842 he was admitted to West Point. But he did not graduate in 1846 with the rest of his class because he missed a year due to illness. Graduating in 1847, he was posted to the U.S. 1st Artillery. After serving in the Mexican-American War, he was sent to Texas, then Florida. Hill came down with Yellow fever, typhoid fever, and malaria. During the 1850s he was sick much of the time and was confined to his bed. When he recovered, he was assigned to the Coast Surveying Department (now the U.S. National Geodetic Survey). Civil war. Army of Northern Virginia. When President Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated in March 1861, Hill was among the U.S. Army officers who resigned their commissions and joined the Confederacy. He was given command of the 13th Virginia Infantry with the rank of colonel. At the First Battle of Bull Run, his regiment was held in reserve. In February 1862 he was promoted to brigadier general. In the Peninsula Campaign, he fought against his former West Point roommate, Union General George McClellan. Proving himself as an aggressive leader, he was promoted again on May 26, 1862. This made him the Confederate Army's youngest major general. Hill called his division "the Light Division" even though it was one of the Confederate Army's larger divisions. This was probably because of how fast Hill could move his troops. He was known as a fearless general and was often seen in battle at the front lines. Hill-Longstreet feud. Without any encouragement from Hill, he was being regularly written about by a former aide, John M. Daniel. Wounded, Daniel had left the army and was now the editor of the "Richmond Examiner", a three-cent newspaper popular with Confederate soldiers. Soon, Daniel was making Hill out to be Lee's top general to the exclusion of other generals. This did not sit well with Lieutenant General James Longstreet, as Hill's commanding officer. The final straw came in the July 2 edition of "The Examiner". Daniel wrote that Hill had taken command of all of Longstreet's forces when Longstreet was absent from the battle for a period of time. Longstreet was angered at this and saw it as a lie. Longstreet decided to write his own article refuting Daniel's claims about Hill at the battle. In a rival newspaper, the "Richmond Whig", Longstreet directed Major Moxley Sorrel to submit a public response under Sorrel's own name. This started a very public feud between the two generals. Lee became aware of the feud but decided not to do anything about it. When Hill refused to read any dispatches sent by Sorrel, Longstreet's aide, Longstreet became furious. He ordered Hills arrest. While under arrest, Hill's Light Division was commanded by generals J.R. Anderson, then Lawrence O'Bryan Branch. At this point Hill regarded this as questioning his honor. The two kept up hostile communications and a time and place was selected for a duel. At this point, Lee stepped in and made the two generals come to an agreement. Hill was restored to his command and was assigned to General Stonewall Jackson. As time passed, Hill and Longstreet became friendly again. Sorrel was later promoted to major general and found himself under the command of Hill. Army of the Shenandoah. At the Battle of Cedar Mountain in August 1862, Hill proved himself valuable to his new Corps commander. His Light Division played a key role in helping Jackson win a victory over the Union army. At the Second Battle of Bull Run, Hill's division nearly ran out of ammunition but stood their ground against every Federal attack. At the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863, Jackson ordered Hill's division to the front in preparation for a night attack. Meanwhile, Jackson was personally doing reconnaissance. As he returned he was fired on by his own men, mortally wounding the general. J.E.B. Stuart took over command and called off the night attack. Chancellorsville was a Confederate victory. Corps commander. Hill was promoted to lieutenant general after Jackson's death and was now in command of Lee's Third Corps in the Army of the Potomac. Hill's corps was at the Battle of Gettysburg from July 1–3, 1863. He was criticised for making questionable decisions. On the first day, he engaged the Union before all of the Confederate army had arrived. At the Battle of Bristoe Station on October 14, 1863, Hill's Corps attacked two Union corps who were slowly retreating north. Hill's mistake was in not ordering any reconnaissance before the attack to see what they were up against. One of Hill's divisions was badly beaten, and one artillery battery was lost. After reinforcing his line, Hill was not able to make any progress against the Union corps who were dug in behind the Orange and Alexandria Railroad embankment. After beating Hill, the Union army continued on to Centerville, Virginia. Lee was angry with Hill over his mistakes at Bristoe Station. He told hill, "bury your dead and say no more about it!" On May 5, 1864, at the place known as the Wilderness in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, Confederate and Union forces battled for two days. Hill's Corps battled two Union corps both days and were on the verge of falling back when Longstreet's Texas Brigade reinforced Hill and pushed the Federals back. Hill was killed on April 2, 1865 at the Third Battle of Petersburg. He was just returning from sick leave and riding to the front to join his men when he was killed by a shot from an enemy soldier. Römerswil Römerswil is a municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Since 2005, Herlisberg part of the municipality. Rothenburg, Lucerne Rothenburg is a municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Schongau, Lucerne Schongau is a municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Lucerne District Lucerne is a former district of the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. The capital was the city of Lucerne. On 1 January 2013 the district was divided into two districts, Lucerne-Stadt and Lucerne-Land. It contains the following municipalities: Frank Blas Frank Flores Blas, Sr. (March 20, 1941 – August 1, 2016) was a Guamanian politician, businessman and member of the Republican Party of Guam. Blas served as the Lieutenant Governor of Guam from 1987 until 1995 under Governor Joseph Franklin Ada. Biography. Early life. Blas was born on March 20, 1941, in Agana, now known as Hagåtña, Guam. He attended Father Dueñas Memorial School in Guam, and St. Augustine High School in San Diego, California. He received an associate's degree from the College of Guam in 1962. Blas graduated from the University of Portland with a Bachelor of Business Administration in 1965. Blas and his first wife, Lydia Blas (died 1970), had two children, including Frank Blas Jr., a politician. In 1971, Blas married his second wife, Tina and had three children. Career. Blas worked for the Mobil Petroleum Company of Guam from 1965 until 1969. He was Director of the Department of Commerce of Guam from 1969 to 1972. Blas was elected to Legislature of Guam as a Senator from 1974 until 1984. In 1982, with Republican Senator Kurt Moylan, Blas challenged the Republican Governor Paul McDonald Calvo in the primary election. Moylan and Blas were defeated in the primary vote. Governor Calvo lost to Democrat Ricardo Bordallo in the November 1982 general election. On November 4, 1986, Joseph Franklin Ada, with Frank Blas, were elected Governor and Lieutenant Governor of Guam. Ada defeated the Governor Ricardo Bordallo by 2,581 votes (7.6%). Blas served as Lt. Governor under Ada for two terms from January 1987 until January 1995. Blas described his main role as a liaison between the Ada administration and members of the Legislature. Ada could not seek re-election to a third term, so Blas joined with Simon Sanchez to stand for office. However, Blas and Sanchez lost the 1994 Republican primary election to Tommy Tanaka and Doris Brooks. Tanaka was defeated in the 1994 election by Democrat Carl Gutierrez and Madeleine Bordallo. Blas left politics in January 1995. He owned Frank Blas & Associates, an insurance brokerage firm based in Barrigada, Guam. In 2003, Blas was appointed Chairman of the Antonio B. Won Pat Guam International Airport Authority, a government agency which operates the airport. Frank Blas died on August 1, 2016, at the age of 75. Dai Dower David William "Dai" Dower MBE (20 June 1933 – 1 August 2016), was a British, Empire and European Flyweight boxing champion. He was one of the most successful Welsh boxers of all time. Dower also competed for Britain at the 1952 Summer Olympics. Hurricane Hermine Hurricane Hermine was a tropical cyclone in August and September 2016. It affected states from Florida to New England. The storm hit Florida on September 1, near the Big Bend region. Hermine had winds of 80 miles per hour at landfall. The storm also struck Georgia, South Carolina and North Carolina. Hermine was expected to affect areas from Virginia to Massachusetts and Rhode Island. At least two deaths were blamed on the storm. Jonathan Borwein Jonathan Borwein (born 20 May 1951 - died 2 August 2016) was a Scottish mathematician. An expert in experimental mathematics, he published 388 journal articles, as well being a regular contributor to The Conversation and The Huffington Post. He held a number of important positions including Governor at large of the Mathematical Association of America (2004–07), President of the Canadian Mathematical Society (2000–02), Chair of the Canadian National Science Library Advisory Board (2000–2003) and Chair of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Australian Mathematical Sciences Institute (AMSI). At the time of his death he held the position of Laureate Professor of Mathematics at the University of Newcastle, Australia, and was in Canada as a Distinguished Scholar in Residence at Western University in London, Ontario. Wald, Bern Wald is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2004, Englisberg and Zimmerwald joined together to become the new municipality, Wald. Walkringen Walkringen is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Walliswil bei Niederbipp Walliswil bei Niederbipp is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Walliswil bei Wangen Walliswil bei Wangen is a municipality of the administrative district Oberaargau of the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Jamkaran Jamkaran (; also Romanized as Jamkarān, Jamgarān, Jam-i-Karān, and Jam‘karān) is a village in Iran. It is on the outskirts of the city of Qom. Post hoc fallacy The post hoc fallacy means "after this, therefore because of this". Its Latin name is Post hoc ergo propter hoc. It is a logical fallacy. When event B happens after event A, a person might think "event A must have caused event B". Example: It is a tempting error because sequence in time does sometimes suggest causality. When I press the light switch, the light comes on, and that is a cause and effect sequence. The difference is that it can be explained why the light comes on when the switch is pressed. On the other hand, no-one can explain why a rooster's crowing might affect the Sun. Popular culture. The phrase is used by the character Sheldon Cooper in the third season of The Big Bang Theory. Sheldon mentions the logical fallacy in disputing his mother's claim that her prayer group did ensure his safety during his North Pole expedition. Tarn Taran Sahib Taran Taran Sahib is a city of Punjab (India). This city was founded by 4th Sikh Guru, Guru Ramdas Ji. Gurmukhī alphabet The Gurmukhī alphabet is used to write the Punjabi language. Gurmukhī is primarily used in Punjab, India. It is the official script in Punjab. There are 35 native characters in Gurmukhi, In the 18th-19th century a new character family called Naveen Toli was added. This helps to pronounce and write Persian words with proper tone. The word Gurmukhi literally means "from the mouth of Guru". Gionee Gionee (Gionee Communication Equipment Co. Ltd.) is a Chinese smartphone manufacturer based in Shenzhen, Guangdong. They make the world's slimmest phone called Gionee Elife S5.1. It is only 5.15mm thick. In August 2016, Gionee India introduced their plans to build a manufacturing plant in India. Bözberg Bözberg is a municipality of the district Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013, the former municipalities of Gallenkirch, Linn, Oberbözberg and Unterbözberg merged into the new municipality of Bözberg. Hans Schmidt Hans B. Schmidt (1881 – February 18, 1916) was a German Roman Catholic priest. He was convicted of murder and he was the only priest to be executed in the United States. Early life. Hans Schmidt was born in the Bavarian city of Aschaffenburg Zhanna Nemtsova Zhanna Nemtsova (born 24 March 2016) is a Russian journalist and activist. She is the daughter of Boris Nemtsov, a Russian opposition politician who was killed in 2015. In 2016, she received the International Women of Courage Award. Work. After Nemtsova's father was killed, Nemtsova moved to Germany. In Germany, she started the Boris Nemtsov Foundation to work for democratic values in Russia. In Germany Nemtsova worked for the German news service Deutsche Welle. She also wrote a book, "Waking up Russia" (in the original German, "Russland wachrütteln") about Russian politics. Nemtsova also wrote for The Guardian. Fatimata M’baye Fatimata M’baye (Arabic: فاطمتا أمباي ) is a Mauritanian lawyer and human rights activist. She started the Mauritanian Association for Human Rights. In 2016 she received an International Women of Courage Award. Life. M'baye studied law and economics at Nouakchott University from 1981 to 1985. She became the first woman lawyer in Mauritania. Work. M'baye takes the most difficult legal cases. She represented clients accused of apostasy. She also worked for a “committee of widows” whose husbands were murdered. M'baye helped write the 2007 anti-slavery law. She got convictions for child exploitation and slavery. She was in prison many times, and received some threats to her life. Bernardo Rezende Bernardo Rocha de Rezende known as Bernardinho (born August 25, 1959) is a Brazilian volleyball coach and former player. He is the current coach of both Brazil national volleyball team and the female volleyball team Rio de Janeiro Vôlei Clube. Rezende is the most successful coach in the history of volleyball, accumulating more than 30 major titles in twenty-year career directing the Brazilian male and female teams. Los Andes Province, Chile Los Andes Province () is one of eight provinces of the central Chilean region of Valparaíso (V). The city of Los Andes is the capital of the province. Geography. The Los Andes province has an area of , the second largest province in the Valparaíso region after the Petorca province. Los Andes is a landlocked province (it does not border the ocean) and is bordered on the west and north by the San Felipe de Aconcagua province, on the east by Argentina and on the south by the Santiago Metropolitan region. Population. (last national census), there were 91,683 people living in the province, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km². The largest city of the province is Los Andes, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 60,198 inhabitants. Administration. As a province, Los Andes is a second-level administrative division, consisting of four communes ("comunas"). The city of Los Andes serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor. Deaths in August 2016 The following is a list of notable deaths in August 2016. For notable deaths before the current month, please see "Months". Names under each date are reported in alphabetical order by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are reported here also if notable. Arakkal Museum The Arrakkal Museum is a museum dedicated to the Arakkal family, the only Muslim royal family in Kerala, South India. The museum is actually a section of the "Arakkalkettu"(Arakkal Royal Palace). The durbar hall section of the palace has been converted into a museum by the Government of Kerala. It was opened in July 2005 after a Rs. 9,000,000 renovation. Although renovated by the government, the "Arakkalkettu" is still owned by the "Arakkal Royal Trust" and does not fall under the control of the country's archaeology department, the Archaeological Survey of India. The government had taken a keen interest in preserving the heritage of the Arakkal Family, which had played a prominent role in the history of Malabar. A nominal entry fee is charged by the "Arakkal Royal Trust" from visitors to the museum. Location. The Arakkal Museum is in Ayikkara, next to the Kannur City. It is 2-3 kilometres from Kannur town. Mount Kyllini Mount Kyllini or Mount Cyllene , sometimes Ζήρια, is a mountain on the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece. It is famous for its association with the god Hermes. Mount Kyllini rises to above sea level. This makes it the second highest point on the peninsula. It is located near the border between the historic regions of Arcadia and Achaea—in the northeast of Arcadia. It is located west of Corinth, northwest of Stymfalia, north of Tripoli, and south of Derveni. Much of the mountain is desolate and rocky. The area below is largely forested. There is an observatory at , at 22.67 east longitude and 37.97 north latitude. Roads pass near the southern and western slopes, but there are not many on the mountain itself, as much of the mountain is part of a park. Walperswil Walperswil is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group C The 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification UEFA Group C was one of the nine UEFA groups for 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification. The group was made up of six teams: Germany, Czech Republic, Northern Ireland, Norway, Azerbaijan, and San Marino. Germany won the group and qualified for the world cup, while Northern Ireland finished 2nd and moved on to the second round. Walterswil, Bern Walterswil is a municipality of the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Wangen an der Aare Wangen an der Aare is a city in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Wangenried Wangenried is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Wanzwil Wanzwil was a municipality in Wangen in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009, Wanzwil and Röthenbach bei Herzogenbuchsee became part of Heimenhausen. Railroad company A railroad company or railway company is an organization that operates a railroad track or trains. The company can either be private or public. Some railway companies operate both the trains and the track. In other cases, particularly in European Union (EU), ownership of track and train operation is run by separate companies. In the United States the railroad track system is owned by the railroad companies. In the 1800s, the federal government gave large land grants to the railroads. Structure. Many countries have a national railway company that owns all track and operates all trains in the country. For example, the Russian Railways (the world's largest rail company by network size). Other countries have many different, sometimes competing, railway companies that operate each their own lines. This is true in the United States and Canada. In Europe, the EU requires its members to split the railway companies into a number of different companies. Usually public owned companies own the track and other public companies (sometimes owned by regional governments) own the train cars. Franchising is then used to determine the right to operate the line for a limited time period. A number of private companies bid for the right to operate. Other companies offer track and train car maintenance. Wattenwil Wattenwil is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Wengi Wengi (Bernese German: "Wängi", []) is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Wichtrach Wichtrach is a municipality of the administrative district Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2004, the former municipalities of Niederwichtrach and Oberwichtrach merged into the municipality of Wichtrach. Wiedlisbach Wiedlisbach is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau of the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Anthocyanin Anthocyanin is a chemical compound which makes the red colour in plants. For example, red cabbage has anthocyanins which make it red. Function. In flowers, bright-reds and purples attract pollinators. In fruits, the colourful skins also attract the attention of animals, which may eat the fruits and disperse the seeds. In photosynthetic tissues (such as leaves and sometimes stems), anthocyanins have been shown to act as a "sunscreen". They protect cells from high-light damage by absorbing blue-green and ultraviolet light. Ionizing radiation can damage DNA. There are some other suggestions. The red colour of leaves may camouflage leaves from herbivores blind to red wavelengths. The pigment may signal bad taste, since anthocyanin synthesis often comes with unpalatable phenolic compounds. Making these pigments is done by a series of enzymes that are stuck on cell membranes. Williamson County, Texas Williamson County is a county in Central Texas. The county seat is Georgetown, Texas. The county population in July 2015 was 508,514. The county is named after Robert McAlpin Williamson, a veteran in the Battle of San Jacinto and a previous community leader. History. Williamson County held humans for at least 11,200 years. In recent times, a prehistoric skeleton was found in Williamson County. The name of the skeleton is "Leanderthal Lady". The town of Leander is named after the skeleton. "Leanderthal Lady" was found after the Texas Department of Transportation found remnants while drilling core/dirt samples for a new highway. Native Americans also lived in areas of Williamson County. The Tonkawa tribe lived in parts of the county. Other tribes lived in the area. These tribes included Kiowa, Yojuane, Tawakoni, and Mayeye Native Americans. On September 1921, the remains of a hurricane moved over Williamson County. The rains fell over Thrall, Texas. The town received 39.7 inches of rain in 36 hours. The storm killed 87 near Taylor, Texas, and 93 in Williamson County. A total of 215 deaths were reported due to the rains. On 27 May 1997, Williamson county had a tornado outbreak. The county had several tornadoes during the day. An EF-5 tornado "(rating determined on the Fujita Scale)" struck Jarrell, Texas, killing 27 persons. An EF-3 tornado also struck Cedar Park, with one indirect death. List of communities. The following is a list of communities in Williamson county. Some communities are part of other counties. Susanna Griso Susanna Griso Raventós (born 8 October 1969 in Barcelona, Catalonia) is a Spanish journalist and TV hostess. Biography. Early life. She got a degree in journalism at Autonomous University of Barcelona and began to work in both radio stations, Ràdio Sant Cugat and Catalunya Ràdio. In 1993 hosted TV3's magazines programmes: "Tres senyores i un senyor" and "Fora de joc", and after 1995: "Telenotícies". Between 1997 and 1998 she hosted the Catalonian News of TVE. In that channel covered the information about the Princess Lady Diana of Wales's funeral and the Princess Cristina de Borbón and Iñaki Urdangarin's wedding. Antena 3. In 1998 she was hired by Antena 3 to work at "Noticias 1" with the host Matías Prats until 2006. Since then, she hosts the morning program: "Espejo público". Electric blanket An electric blanket is a blanket with electric heating. The first electric blanket was invented in 1912 by an American inventor named Samuel Irwin Russell. Some modern "low voltage" electric blankets have thin carbon fiber wires and work on 12-24 volts. Nguyễn Văn Thiệu Nguyen Van Thieu or "Nguyễn Văn Thiệu" was the leader of South Vietnam from 1965 to 1975. He was a general in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. Thieu became head of a military junta, meaning the military controlled the government. He was then elected president. Thieu quit being president on 21 April 1975. He then left the country. On 30 April 1975 the city of Saigon was taken by North Vietnam. This marked the end of the Vietnam War. Death. Thieu died in 2001. He was 78 years old. He died in Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston. He had a stroke at his home in Foxborough. He had been put on a respirator. He was cremated and buried in Boston. U Nu U Nu (; ; 25 May 1907 – 14 February 1995) was the first Prime Minister of Burma. He served from 4 January 1948 to 12 June 1956, again from 28 February 1957 to 28 October 1958, and finally from 4 April 1960 to 2 March 1962. Burma gained independence from Britain on 4 January 1948. Nu became the first prime minister of the new country. He quit being prime minister in 1956. He again served as prime minister between Ba Swe and Ne Win. Nu was one of the leaders of the Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (AFPFL) from 1942 to 1963. The AFPFL had two groups of power. Nu's group won the 1960 election. He then became prime minister. On 2 March 1962 General Ne Win took control of the government. Nu was then kept in an army camp. Nu continued to claim he was the legal prime minister. In 1988 he tried to form his own government with Win Maung as president. Nu wrote an autobiography called "Ta-Tei Sanei Tha" ("Naughty Saturday-born"). It was published in India by Irrawaddy Publishing (U Maw Thiri) in 1975. He wrote several other books including "The People Win Through" (1951), "Burma under the Japanese" (1954), "An Asian Speaks" (1955), and "Burma Looks Ahead" (1951). Religion. U Nu was a popular spiritual leader of his country. During the 1960 election he promised to make Buddhism the official state religion. On 29 August 1961, Parliament passed a law making Buddhism the state religion. Ne Win removed the law in 1962. Iodine test The iodine test is a test that is able to detect starch using iodine as a chemical indicator. Example uses include brewing beer, and determining when apples are ripe and can be harvested. If starch is present, the iodine solution will turn dark blue/purple. If there is no starch, the iodine will stay brown. Mauritanian Association for Human Rights The Mauritanian Association for Human Rights or "Association Mauritanienne des Droits de l'Homme" (AMDH) (Arabic: للجمعية الموريتانية لحقوق الإنسان ) is a Mauritanian NGO. The organization started in 1991. It works for human rights and watches for human rights violations. Fatimata M’baye is the co-founder and president. Work. AMDH worked with three main areas of human rights violations: mass killings of black Mauritanian soldiers, deportation of soldiers and members of the press to the desert, and repatriation (sending back refugees) of large groups of Mauritanians from Senegal. Las Lomas, California Las Lomas is a town in Monterey County, California. At the 2010 census, 3,034 people lived there. Arrondissements of the Creuse department There are 2 arrondissements in the Creuse department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes. The arrondissements of the Creuse are: History. Since its creation, the Creuse department has had few changes: Heart block Heart block is a type of heart disease. The human heart uses electrical signals to make the heart beat. Electricity travels down pathways in the heart to make each part of the heart beat at the right time. When a person has a heart block, there is a “block” in one of these electrical pathways. This blocks electricity from travelling normally through the heart. This makes the heart beat more slowly. In the most serious cases, the heart’s electrical pathways are blocked so badly that electricity cannot travel through the heart. This means the heart’s electrical signals cannot control how the heart beats, or cannot make the heart beat at all. Symptoms. Many people with heart block have no symptoms at all. Other people only have symptoms every once in a while. Sometimes, their heart might skip a beat. This can make the person feel dizzy; faint; or have palpitations (feel their heart pounding). In the most serious cases of heart block, a person's heart cannot control their heart beats. These cases can be treated with an artificial pacemaker. This is a medical device that is placed into the heart. It sends electrical signals to make the heart beat regularly. Causes. Some people are born with heart block. This is called a congenital heart block. More often, people get heart block later in life. Heart block can be caused by: Types of heart block. There are three main types of heart block. First-degree heart block. This is the least serious type of heart block. It usually causes no symptoms. Second-degree heart block. In second-degree heart block, it takes longer and longer for the heart to send electrical signals from the middle of the heart to the ventricles, which pump blood to the body. Eventually, this leads to a skipped heart beat. This can cause dizziness and fainting. Third-degree heart block. This is the most serious type of heart block. It is also called a complete heart block. In this type of heart block, no electrical signals reach the heart's ventricles. This means that the electrical signals cannot make the heart pump blood to the body. Some people with third-degree heart block may have very few symptoms and may not need treatment. However, some people with third-degree heart block have many different symptoms. Third-degree heart block can be a medical emergency. This type of heart block may be treated with a pacemaker. Diagnosis. Heart block can be diagnosed with an electrocardiogram (also called an ECG or an EKG). This is a painless test. During the test, pads are placed on a person's chest, arms, and legs. They record the heart's electrical activity. A cardiologist can help diagnose heart block and order other tests if they are needed. W (New York City Subway) The W Broadway Local is a rapid transit service of the New York City Subway's B Division. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored sunflower yellow because it is used on the BMT Broadway Line in Manhattan. In addition to the Broadway Line, the W serves the BMT Astoria Line in Queens. This uses the 60th Street Tunnel to travel under the East River between Queens and Manhattan. It also ran in Brooklyn until 2004, serving the BMT Fourth Avenue and West End lines. The W is in service as of April 7, 2020. There was a six year delay due to Metropolitan Transportation Authority, or MTA, budget cuts on June 25, 2010. Route. Stations The W runs on weekdays from 6:00 a.m to 11:30 p.m. This route includes the BMT Astoria Line in Queens and BMT Broadway Line in Manhattan to its southern terminal of Whitehall Street-South Ferry. Also there are three Queens bound morning rush hour trains. They will start from the Coney Island yard that will serve from 86th Street subway in Brooklyn via Sea Beach Line, through the Montague Street Tunnel to its terminal of Astoria-Ditmars Blvd. There will be three trains from Queens to 86th Street, Brooklyn in the evening rush hour on weekdays. North Gyeongsang Province North Gyeongsang Province () is a province in South Korea. Gyeongsang Province divided into North Gyeongsang and South Gyeongsang in 1896. Daegu was the capital from 1896 to 1981, but Daegu left the province in 1981. The capital changed to Andong in 2016. North Gyeongsang Province has 19% of South Korea's land. History. Gyeongsang Province was Jinhan and Byeonhan's territory in ancient times. Later Jinhan became Gaya and Byeonhan became Silla. Since Silla conquered Gaya, all of Gyeongsang Province became Silla's. When Silla collapsed and Goryeo was founded, Dongnambuseosa was established in the Gyeongsang area and it ruled the province. From Goryeo King Hyeonjong's period, the province started to be called Gyeongsang Province. In the Joseon Dynasty, which was founded after Goryeo, Gyeongsang Province was divided into Left Gyeongsang and Right Gyeongsang. In 1895, Gyeongsang Province was replaced by 4 districts. Later, in 1896, the districts were abolished, and today's North Gyeongsang and South Gyeongsang were formed. In 1981 Daegu Metropolitan City separated from the province. Administrative Districts. Currently, North Gyeongsang has 10 cities ("si") and 13 counties ("gun"). Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS, also called postural tachycardia syndrome) is a medical problem. When a person has POTS, their heart beats faster than normal when they stand up. POTS may also cause many other symptoms. Meaning. Put together, the words "postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome" mean that when a person stands up, they get tachycardia, and they also have other symptoms. Signs and symptoms. When a healthy person stands up, their heart beats faster for a little while. It does this to push blood to the brain. Then the person's heart rate goes back to normal. When a person with POTS stands up, their heart beats much faster than normal. POTS is diagnosed when a person's heart rate increases by at least 30 beats per minute within 10 minutes after they stand up. This is called "postural tachycardia". People with POTS also have other symptoms of "orthostatic intolerance" (symptoms that get worse when a person is standing up, and get better when the person is lying down). These symptoms may include: Symptoms may get worse if a person with POTS: Causes. POTS can be caused by many different things. Many of these causes are not well understood. Some of the known causes of POTS include: POTS is more common in: Treatment. There are many different treatments for the symptoms of POTS. Some of these treatments include: No medications have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to treat POTS. However, sometimes doctors treat POTS with medications that: Recovery. Most people with POTS are able to get better with treatment. About 6 out of every 10 people with POTS is able to recover within 5 years of being diagnosed with POTS. About 9 out of every 10 people with POTS have some improvement with a combination of physical treatments and medicines. However, some people with POTS do not get better, and may even get worse over time. Frederick County, Virginia Frederick County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 78,305. Its county seat is Winchester. The county was formed in 1743 by the splitting of Orange County. It is Virginia's northernmost county. Frederick County is included in the Winchester, VA-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. History. The area that would become Frederick County, Virginia was populated by various indigenous peoples for thousands of years before European colonization. The "Indian Road" refers to a historic trail made by local tribes. Frederick County was established in 1743 from parts of Orange County, Virginia. At that time, "Old Frederick County" encompassed all or part of four counties in present-day Virginia — Shenandoah, Clarke, Warren, and Frederick. It also included five in present-day West Virginia — Hardy, Hampshire, Berkeley, Jefferson and Morgan. The Virginia Assembly named the new county for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales. He was the oldest son of King George II of Great Britain. Colonial Era. As Commander-in-Chief of the new Colonial Virginia regiment in 1754, Colonel George Washington's headquarters were located in Winchester before and during the French and Indian War. He resigned from military service in 1758. He was appointed a general by the Continental Congress sixteen years later. Meanwhile, Washington represented Frederick County in his first elective office, having been elected to the House of Burgesses in 1758 and 1761. Daniel Morgan was another famous general during the American Revolutionary War, from (present day Clarke County). American Civil War. Winchester changed hands between the Confederate and Union Armies on average once every three weeks during the war. Many battles were fought in Frederick County. Some of those battles include: The first constitution of West Virginia provided for Frederick County to be added to the new state if approved by a local election. Unlike those of neighboring Berkeley and Jefferson counties, Frederick County residents voted to remain in Virginia. Geography. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of . Of this, is land and (0.5%) is water. This is the northernmost county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Demographics. As of the census of 2000, there were 59,209 people, 22,097 households, and 16,727 families residing in the county. The population density was 143 people per square mile (55/km²). There were 23,319 housing units at an average density of 56/square mile (22/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 94.99% White, 2.62% Black or African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.66% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.56% from other races, and 1.01% from two or more races. 1.70% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 22,097 households out of which 36.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them. Another 62.50% were married couples living together, 8.80% had a female householder with no husband present. The remaining 24.30% were non-families. In addition, 19.20% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.02. In the county, the population was spread out with 26.40% under the age of 18, 7.00% from 18 to 24, 31.90% from 25 to 44, 24.10% from 45 to 64, and 10.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 100.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.70 males. The median income for a household in the county was $46,941. The median income for a family was $52,281. Males had a median income of $35,705 versus $25,046 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,080. About 4.00% of families and 6.40% of the population were below the poverty line. This was including 7.30% of those under age 18 and 6.90% of those age 65 or over. Orange County, Virginia Orange County is a county in the central piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 33,481. Its county seat is Orange. Orange County is home to "Montpelier", the estate of James Madison, the 4th President of the United States and "Father of the Constitution." The county celebrated its 275th anniversary in 2009. History. The area was lived in for thousands of years by different cultures of Native Americans. At the time the Europeans came, the Ontponea, a sub-group of the Siouan-speaking Manahoac tribe, lived in this Piedmont area. The first European settlement in what was to become Orange County was Germanna, formed when Governor Alexander Spotswood settled 12 immigrant families from Westphalia, Germany there in 1714. This was a total of 42 people. Orange County was created in August 1734 when the Virginia House of Burgesses adopted “An Act for Dividing Spotsylvania County.” Unlike other counties whose boundaries had ended at the Blue Ridge Mountains, Orange was bounded on the west “by the utmost limits of Virginia” which, at that time, stretched to the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes. The colony of Virginia claimed the land, but very little of it had yet been occupied by any English people. Orange County may have been at one time the largest county that ever existed. In 1738 most of the western area was split off into Augusta County. The large county was to encourage settlement further west to counter the French claim to the Ohio River Valley region. While no battles of the American Revolutionary War were fought in Orange County, 100 men from the county were recruited to the Culpeper Minutemen. They fought in the Battle of Great Bridge, among other engagements. The development of transportation, including several railroad routes, up through the mid-nineteenth century helped build a agricultural economy in Orange County. The final adjustment of the county’s boundaries occurred in 1838, when Greene County was created from the western portion of Orange. The Town of Orange was legally established in 1834 (officially becoming a town in 1872) and had already served as the county seat for nearly a century. The Town of Gordonsville officially became a town in 1870. The county saw limited conflict during the Civil War. Most of the activity was centered around the towns of Orange and Gordonsville. The exceptions were the Battle of Mine Run and the Battle of the Wilderness in the eastern portion of the county. The Battle of the Wilderness was a significant turning point in the war. Following Virginia’s readmission to the Union in 1870, and with the loss of slave labor, the agricultural economy resumed with more emphasis on livestock and dairy farming. This was because these activities requiring less physical labor. The dominance of the railroad and the relative ease it offered in delivering goods to larger markets increased the livestock production in the county’s agricultural economy. Agriculture and manufacturing continued to expand into the twentieth century, with a peak of 1279 farms and 20 manufacturing companies located within the county as of 1929. A manufacturing survey produced during the Great Depression noted that Orange County’s economy remained relatively healthy due to its accessibility. The significance of agriculture to Orange County’s history was great enough that the Commonwealth of Virginia set aside approximately in the western portion of the county as the Madison-Barbour Rural Historic District. The District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 and is the largest such district in Virginia. It includes James Madison’s Montpelier and James Barbour’s Barboursville mansion (designed by Thomas Jefferson, now in ruins). It includes other sites listed on the National Register. Orange County’s population went up and down following the Civil War up through the 1930s. From that point forward, the population continued to grow steadily, representing an almost 300% increase through the 2010 Census. Geography. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of . Of that, is land and (0.7%) is water. The terrain is made up of rolling hills, generally increasing in altitude and as they continue westward toward the Blue Ridge Mountains. The highest point is Cowherd Mountain at 1,196 ft (345 m), approximately 2.5 miles (4 km) northwest of Gordonsville. Orange County lies within the watersheds of both the Rappahannock River and the York River Both of these drain into the Chesapeake Bay. Demographics. As of the census of 2010, there were 33,481 people, 12,895 households (14,616 total housing units), and 9,342 families residing in the county. The county experienced a population increase of 29%, or 7,600 people, since the 2000 census. This ties with Louisa County as the 11th fastest growing county in the state, and one of the fastest outside of Northern Virginia. The racial makeup of the county was 82.4% White, 12.7% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.4% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. 3.4% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Out of the 12,895 households, 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. Out of the total number of households, 32.6% housed someone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.97. The age distribution of the county's population was 22.9% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 10.7% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.6 years. For every 100 females there were 96 males. The median income for a household in the county in 2010 was $56,837, and the median income for a family was $65,195. The per capita income for the county was $26,820 and approximately 11.5% of the population was below the poverty line. Orange County had the 9th longest mean travel time to work (37 minutes) out of 132 Virginia localities polled. The median home value was $238,500. Ne Win Ne Win was a Former Military Dictator of Burma, Burmese politician and military commander. He was President of Burma from 1962 to 1981. Before being President he was Prime Minister. Ne Win founded the Burma Socialist Programme Party in 1962. On 2 March 1962 Ne Win overthrew the legitimate elected government led by U Nu in Burma. He became head of state as Chairman of the Union Revolutionary Council and also Prime Minister. His new government ended the constitution. They also removed the Burma parliament. In 1964 he made the Burma Socialist Programme Party the only political party in Burma. On 2 March 1974, Ne Win ended the Revolutionary Council and made the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma. He was elected president (not by people). Then he chose Brigadier General Sein Win as Prime Minister. Wiggiswil Wiggiswil is a municipality of the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Hua Guofeng Hua Guofeng (16 February 1921 – 20 August 2008) was a Chinese communist politician who serve as Chairman of the Communist Party of China from 7 October 1976 to 28 June 1981. He was chosen to lead by Mao Zedong. Hua was born 16 February 1921 in Jiaocheng County, Shanxi, China. He was named Su Zhu. He died 20 August 2008 in Beijing, China. On 6 October 1976, Hua ended the Cultural Revolution. He also had the Gang of Four arrested. In 1979 he visited leaders in Europe. He was the first Chinese leader to visit since 1949. Sulz, Lucerne Sulz was a municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Since 1 January 2009, it became part of the municipality of Hitzkirch. Arrondissement of Aubusson The arrondissement of Aubusson is an arrondissement of France, in the Creuse department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Aubusson. History. When the Creuse department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Aubusson was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Aubusson is the smallest "arrondissement" of the department both in area, , and population (37,123 inhabitants). The "arrondissement" of Aubusson is the most southern "arrondissement" of the Creuse department. It is bordered to the northeast by the Allier department, to the east by the Puy-de-Dôme department, to the south by the Corrèze department, to the west by the Haute-Vienne department and to the north by the "arrondissement" of Guéret. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Aubusson, only three cantons do not have all their "communes" in the "arrondissement": (Ahun, Bourganeuf, Gouzon). The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Aubusson has 118 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes): The "communes" in the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants are: Buchrain, Switzerland Buchrain is a municipality of the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Dierikon Dierikon is a municipality of the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Barra do Bugres Barra do Bugres is a city in Brazil, with about 30,000 people. It is located in the state of Mato Grosso Do Sul. It is located at the confluence of the Paraguay River and the Bugres River. Local economy is focused on agriculture. The city is about from the state capital, Cuiabá. Arrondissement of Guéret The arrondissement of Guéret is an arrondissement of France, in the Creuse department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Its capital is the city of Guéret. History. When the Creuse department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Guéret was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Guéret is the largest "arrondissement" of the department both in area, , and population (83,458 inhabitants). The "arrondissement" of Guéret is the most northern "arrondissement" of the Creuse department. It is bordered to the northeast by the Cher department, to the east by the Allier department, to the south by the "arrondissement" of Aubusson, to the west by the Haute-Vienne department and to the north by the Indre department. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Guéret, only three cantons do not have all their "communes" in the "arrondissement": Ahun, Bourganeuf and Gouzon. The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Guéret has 140 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes): The "communes" in the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants are: Yosemite Decimal System The Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) is a system that is used to rate the difficulty of walks, hikes, and climbs. The system has three parts. It is used mostly by mountaineers in the United States and Canada. YDS Classes. The YDS system divides all hikes and climbs into five classes. Classes 1-3 are used mainly in hiking and trail running. If a trail is rated Class 4, a person will have to do some simple climbing to get up the trail. There is a lot of natural protection on the trail (like parts of a rock wall that are easy to step on or grab onto.) Often, people use ropes for safety on Class 4 climbs, because falls from Class 4 climbs could easily kill a person. The Class 5 part of the system is used mostly in rock climbing. A person needs to use a rope for safety when they climb a Class 5 climb. The person may use a belayer or other protection hardware for safety. If a person falls from a Class 5 climb without being attached to a safety rope, they can be very badly hurt or killed. In Class 6 climbs, people use equipment to help them climb. This is called "aid climbing." In aid climbing, people do not climb directly on the rock. Instead, they climb using equipment placed into or onto the rock. Class 6 is no longer widely used. Today aid climbing uses a separate scale from A0 through A5. Class 5 divisions. Starting in the 1950s, Class 5 climbs were broken down into a decimal system. As of 2022, this system rates climbs from 5.0 to 5.15d. 5.0 is the easiest type of Class 5 climb. A 5.15d is the most difficult climb any human could do without using special equipment to help them climb. , only two climbs in the world were rated 5.15d. The first climb is called "Silence". Adam Ondra first climbed this route in September 2017. The second proposed 5.15d is "DNA". It was first climbed by Seb Bouin in April 2022. Neither climb has been repeated to confirm the grade. History of the Class system. The Sierra Club originally created the Class system in the 1930s. At that time, the system was called "the Sierra Club grading system." The Sierra Club's goal was to classify hikes and climbs in the Sierra Nevada, based on how difficult those hikes and climbs were. At first, the Sierra Club grading system compared certain hikes and climbs to others. For example, they might rate Climb #3 as harder than Climb #1, but easier than Climb #2. If a person had never done Climbs #1 or #2, this did not help them. To make the system easier to use, the Sierra Club changed its system. It started to rate hikes and climbs by numbers. This was easier for people to learn and use. Once it started classifying climbs by numbers, the Sierra Club started dividing the classes into decimals. For example, the difficulty of a Class 4.5 route would be halfway between a Class 4 and a Class 5. In the 1950s, members of the Rock Climbing Section of the Sierra Club's Angeles Chapter divided Class 5 into Classes 5.0 to 5.9. At that time, people thought a 5.9 was the hardest climb a person could do. In the 1960s, as people got better at rock climbing, and as rock climbing equipment got better, Class 5.9 climbs became easier for some people to do. Classes of 5.11, 5.12, and 5.13 were added to classify harder climbs. Later, people realized that a 5.11 climb is much harder than a 5.10. Because of this, many climbs were classified as 5.10s, and some were much harder than others. To fix this problem, the system divided 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, and 5.13 climbs even further. They did this by adding the letters "a," "b," "c," and "d" to each grade. Within each Grade, "a" is the easiest and "d" is the hardest. For example, a 5.10a is the easiest possible 5.10 climb. A 5.10d is the hardest possible 5.10 climb. Climbs are classified based on the hardest single move on the rock climbing route. For example, if just one move on a rock climbing route is difficult enough to qualify as a 5.10d, the entire route is classified as a 5.10d. YDS grade. The YDS grade system is optional (it does not have to be used). It gives climbers information about how long a climb usually takes. The grades are: The Grade is mostly used in mountaineering and big wall climbing. It is not often used when talking about short rock climbs. YDS protection rating. The YDS system also includes an optional protection rating. This rating tells the climber how much protection is available on the climbing route for an experienced, skilled lead climber. (In lead climbing, the rope is not fixed at the top of the route. Instead, the lead climber goes first and hooks the safety rope into special equipment every few feet on the way up.) When this rating system was created, the letter codes were the same as the American system for rating the content of movies: The G and PG ratings are often left out, since they are typical of normal, everyday climbing. R and X ratings are normally used to warn lead climbers who do not realize how dangerous a climb is. Controversies. There is some controversy (argument) over the exact definition of the YDS Classes. Some rock climbing experts have suggested updated versions of these classifications. The YDS classes are subjective. This means they are based on individual opinions, not facts. Traditionally, the first person to do a climb gives the climb its classification number. Other climbers might not agree with that person's classification of the climb. There is no official group of people who agree on which climbs get which classifications. Climbs may be classified differently in indoor rock climbing gyms, and in different types of outdoor rock climbing. Climbs are also classified differently in different parts of the United States. The Grade and Protection categories do not apply to every climb. Use of protection ratings vary greatly from area to area, and from guidebook to guidebook. , there is no formula that climbers can use to plan climbs based on the average climbing speed, the climb's Grade, the distance of the climb, and how high up it goes. Function (biology) Function in biology is what a part of the body or cell does in relation to the whole. It is the reason some part or process occurred in a system which evolved by natural selection. A similar definition is "the function of a component in an organism is the contribution it makes to that organism's fitness". The term is used especially in physiology, in phrases like "the function of the kidneys is to excrete urea from the body" or "the function of the heart is to push blood around the body". It is incorrect to use the word 'purpose' instead of 'function', because the word 'purpose' implies forethought. British princess A British princess is a princess who has the title of a Princess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. In Britain, the title "Princess" and the use of the style "Royal Highness" can only be used for these persons: Queen Elizabeth II issued Letters Patent dated 21 August 1996 stating that any woman divorced from a Prince of the United Kingdom would no longer be entitled to the style "Royal Highness". This has so far applied to Diana, Princess of Wales, and Sarah, Duchess of York. Amar Singh (cricketer) Ladhabhai Nakum Amar Singh (4 December 1910 – 21 May 1940) was an Indian cricketer. His full name was Ladhabhai Nakum Amar Singh Lodha. He was a right arm fast bowler and an effective lower order batsman. Amar Singh was the first Indian to receive a Test cap. He was born in Rajkot, Gujarat on 4 December 1910. Amar Singh played for the Indian cricket team, Hindus cricket team and various teams in the first class cricket matches. He took 28 wickets and scored 292 runs in 7 Test cricket matches, playing for the Indian cricket team. Amar Singh died due to typhoid on May 21 1940 in Jamnagar, Gujarat. Pietro Martorana Pietro Martorana (1705 – 1759), was an Italian painter. He was a member of a family of artists from Palermo. He was one of the main representatives of the classic late Baroque painting in Sicily. Martorana painted frescos in Palermo in the churches of Santa Rosalia, St. Chiara and St. Carlo. With Olivio Sozzi. He decorated the palace of Michele Gravina Branciforte, prince of Butera in Palermo. Siad Barre Mohamed Siad Barre was the President of the Somali Democratic Republic from 1969 to 1991. In 1969 President Abdirashid Ali Shermarke was assassinated. The military took power of the government. Major General Barre became the leader of the country. The new government used a form of socialism called scientific socialism. The country was renamed to the Somali Democratic Republic. In 1991 Somalia had a civil war. Barre was removed as the leader. He tried to take back the city of Mogadishu but lost. He then went into exile. Barre died on 2 January 1995. Roger Binny Roger Michael Humphrey Binny (born 19 July 1955) is a former Indian cricket all rounder. He is best known for his impressive bowling performance in the 1983 Cricket World Cup in which India won the cup. Binny took the most wickets in the 1983 Cricket World Cup with 18 wickets.He was born in Bangalore, Karnataka on July 19, 1955. His full name is Roger Michael Humphrey Binny. Binny's batting style is right arm batting. He bowling style is right arm fast bowling. Binny's son Stuart Binny plays for an Indian cricket team. Roger Binny scored 830 runs in test cricket and 629 runs in One Day International matches. He took 47 wickets in test cricket and 77 wickets in One Day International matches. Mohammad Mosaddegh Mohammad Mosaddegh was an Iranian politician. He was elected Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 until 1953. He was also an author, administrator, lawyer, and parliamentarian. On 19 August 1953 Mosaddegh was removed from office by the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and Britain's MI6. This was called Operation Ajax in the West. In Iran it is called the 28 Mordad 1332 coup. The change in power was one reason for the Iranian Revolution in 1979. Mosaddegh was named man of the year in 1951 by "Time" magazine. He remains one of the most popular people in Iranian history. First Battle of Kernstown The First Battle of Kernstown was fought on March 23, 1862, in Frederick County and Winchester, Virginia during the American Civil War. Confederate General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson's Shenandoah Valley Campaign of 1862 was generally a success. However, the First Battle of Kernstown was one his few defeats. Background. At the beginning of 1862, President Abraham Lincoln wanted his generals to attack in force against the Confederacy. McClellan was massing his army for his Peninsula Campaign with the goal of capturing the Confederate capital of Richmond and ending the war. To do this McClellan had to weaken his forces protecting Washington, D.C.. This left only two Union forces to protect Washington. Besides Banks in the Shenandoah Valley, General Irwin McDowell had forces in Northern Virginia. Banks was to clear the Shenandoah Valley of Confederate forces then move up towards Washington so McDowell's force of 30,000 to move against Richmond from the north. Banks left General James Shields with a force of about 9,000 in the Valley while he would move east to Manassas, Virginia, to be closer to Washington, D.C. Stonewall Jackson was given the task of keeping the Federal Army busy in the Valley so they could not join McClellan. Jackson's cavalry commander, Colonel Turner Ashby, learned that part of the Union forces were leaving the valley and only a small force remained. Skirmish, March 22. Jackson gave Ashby permission to attack while he moved the remainder of his forces up to join Ashby. Unfortunately, Ashley's information was bad. While the Confederates thought they were attacking only four regiments (totalling about 3,000 men), there were actually about three times that number of Union soldiers. The remaining Union troops remained out of sight during the skirmish. General Shields was wounded in the fighting and turned command of the Union division over to Colonel Nathan Kimball. Battle, March 23. At about nine o'clock on the morning of March 23, Ashby's cavalry attacked. Kimball was not certain if this was another skirmish or the start of a battle. But just in case, he placed his forces in a strong defensive position on Pritchard Hill. He placed his artillery there as well. On seeing this, Jackson concentrated his artillery on Sandy Ridge, west of Prichard Hill. At about three-thirty, Jackson could see from Sandy Ridge that what he thought was a small Union force was actually much bigger. Jackson told one of his officers "We are in for it." Kimball, believing he was up against a much larger Confederate force, decided to silence the Confederate guns on Sandy Ridge. His attack was met with strong resistance from the Confederates and the battle soon became a stalemate. Jackson kept sending in more Confederate troops, but he could not drive the Union line back. Kimball still had fresh reserves he could send into the battle. By six o'clock the Confederates were running low on ammunition and were nearly exhausted. When one of his brigades ran out of ammunition completely, they had to withdraw from the battle. The Union army attacked through the gap they left and Jackson's entire force had to quickly retreat. Jan Sokol Jan Sokol (18 April 1936 – 16 February 2021) was a Czech philosopher, translator and politician. He was son of architect Jan Sokol. He was a member of parliament from 1990 to 1992. He was minister of education from January to July 1998. In 2003, he was candidate for President of the Czech Republic. He was a member of Charles University faculty. Sokol died on 16 February 2021, aged 84. Anastasio Somoza Debayle Anastasio "Tachito" Somoza DeBayle was officially the 73rd and 76th President of Nicaragua. As the leader of Nicaragua's military he was really the leader of the country from 1967 to 1979. Many people did not like Somoza as a leader. A group called the Sandinista National Liberation Front wanted to make Nicaragua a better country. They had support from inside and outside the country. In 1975 Somoza Debayle tried to stop the Sandinistas and anyone in Nicaragua who supported them. The Soviet Union and Cuba were giving the Sandinistas money to keep fighting the Somoza family. In 1979 the United States stopped supporting Somoza. On 17 July 1979 Somoza quit the presidency. He fled to Miami but U.S. President Jimmy Carter would not allow him to enter the country. Somoza then went to Paraguay. On 17 September 1980 the Sandinistas assassinated Somoza DeBayle. Autism Speaks Autism speaks was founded in February 2005 by Bob and Suzanne Wright. Their earlier groups were Cure Autism Now (founded in 1995) and the National Alliance for Autism Research (founded in 1994). Autism Speaks is a controversial network. It views autism as a disease. This has caused controversy in the autistic community. Aubusson, Creuse Aubusson (Occitan auvergnat: "Le Buçon", formerly "Aubuçon") is a commune of the Creuse department in central France, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. History. In 1790, when the departments were created, Aubusson was named as district of the Creuse department and an "arrondissement" in 1800. Geography. The "commune" of Aubusson is in the southern part of the department, at the confluence of the Creuse river and its tributary the Beauze river. The city is at the northeastern end of the Millevaches plateau. It has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is . The city of Aubusson is at about from Bordeaux, at from Toulouse, at from Paris and at from Lyon. The "communes" that are around Aubusson are Blessac, Alleyrat, Saint-Maixant, Saint-Amand, Saint-Alpinien , Saint-Pardoux-le-Neuf, Moutier-Rozeille, Saint-Quentin-la-Chabanne and Saint-Marc-à-Frongier. Aubusson has an oceanic climate with relatively hot summers, mild winters and abundant rainfall, Cfb in the Köppen climate classification. Population. The inhabitants of Aubusson are known, in French, as "Aubussonnais" (women: "Aubussonnaises"). The "commune" of Aubusson has a population, in 2014, of 3,591; its population density is of inhabitants/km2. Evolution of the population in Aubusson Aubusson forms the urban area of Aubusson with a population of 3,679 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Aubusson, formed by 9 "communes" with a population of 6,386 inhabitants and an area of . Administration. Aubusson is the subprefecture of the Creuse department, the capital of the "arrondissement" of Aubusson and the administrative centre () of the canton of Aubusson, with 9,437 inhabitants . It is part of the intercommunality "Creuse Grand Sud" (). Tapestry. Aubusson is well known for its tapestry and carpets, which have been famous throughout the world since the 14th century. Its origins were born with the arrival of weavers from Flanders, who moved to Aubusson around 1580. There is a famous collection of Aubusson tapestries at Vallon-Pont-d'Arc. Institut des sciences et industries du vivant et de l'environnement Institut des sciences et industries du vivant et de l'environnement (Agro ParisTech, Paris Institute of Technology for Life, Food and Environmental Sciences) is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the University of Paris-Saclay (Northern France). Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees : Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students of many nationalities participate to the different curricula at Agro ParisTech. Research labs. Research activities at Agro ParisTech relate to the following topics: Tiger Electronics Tiger Electronics is an American toy manufacturer which was founded in 1979. It makes entertainment products for children. Tiger is based in Vernon Hills, Illinois. In 1998, Tiger Electronics, Ltd., became a subsidiary of the toy manufacturer Hasbro. Tiger Electronics is probably best known for Furby toys, Giga Pets and the Game.com handheld game console. First Battle of Winchester The First Battle of Winchester was fought on May 25, 1862, in and around Frederick County and Winchester, Virginia during the American Civil War. The battle was a victory in Confederate Army Major General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's Campaign through the Shenandoah Valley. Jackson enveloped the right flank of the Union Army under Major General Nathaniel P. Banks. The Union forces retreated across the Potomac River into Maryland. Due to confusion among Confederate commanders, Jackson was unable to pursue Banks into Maryland. Background. At the beginning of 1862, President Abraham Lincoln wanted his generals to attack in force against the Confederacy. Major General George B. McClellan was massing his army for his Peninsula Campaign with the goal of capturing the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia and ending the war. To do this McClellan had to weaken his forces protecting Washington, D.C.. This left only two Union forces to protect Washington. Besides Banks in the Shenandoah Valley, General Irwin McDowell had forces in Northern Virginia. Banks was to clear the Shenandoah Valley of Confederate forces, then move up towards Washington so McDowell's force of 30,000 could move against Richmond from the north. Confederate General Stonewall Jackson was given the task of keeping the Federal Army busy in the Valley so they could not join McClellan. Jackson was defeated at the First Battle of Kernstown on March 23, 1862. In spite of the loss, Jackson did gain a strategic victory. It kept Banks in the Valley and prevented McDowell from sending troops to McClellan's Peninsula Campaign. On April 17, the weather cleared and Banks started moving south towards Harrisonburg. At about this time the strategic situation changed for the Confederacy. General Joseph E. Johnston had moved to the Peninsula taking 55,000 Confederate soldiers to defend against McClellan's 110,000 troops. Confederate general Richard S. Ewell's division was now between Johnson on the Peninsula and Jackson in the Valley and could support either as the need arose. So Jackson no longer needed to keep Union forces in the Valley from joining McClellan, he now wanted to force them out of the Shenandoah Valley completely. On April 25, Banks' Union force occupied Harrisonburg. Jackson withdrew to Swift Run Gap (about 20 miles East of Harrisonburg). This put him in a position to outflank Banks if the Union forces moved any further south and allowed him to stay in contact with Ewell's Confederate division if he needed support. Meanwhile a Union brigade under Robert H. Milroy was at the village of McDowell, Virginia which threatened Jackson's supply depot at Staunton. Jackson left Ewell at Swift Run Gap to move against Milroy. On May 8, Jackson's forces attacked Milroy's Union forces at McDowell. It was a Union tactical victory because the Union forces had fewer casualties than Jackson's forces. But it was a strategic victory for Jackson because the Union forces withdrew back across the Allegheny Mountains ending the threat. Jackson returned to the Shenandoah Valley and decided that his and Ewell's command would now deal with Banks. In turn, Banks anticipated Jackson's move and asked permission to leave Strasburg and move north, but it was denied. Earlier, on May 1, Lincoln had ordered one of Banks' divisions to join the Union forces at Fredericksburg under General McDowell. This weakened Banks's forces but he believed Jackson had left the Valley. On learning Milroy had been driven back at McDowell, Banks sent his 1st Maryland Infantry division to Front Royal, Virginia (about 12 miles to the east) to protect his left flank. Jackson had intended to move against Banks at Strasburg. But when he learned there were Union infantry at Front Royal, he decided to attack there first. On May 23, at the Battle of Front Royal, Jackson's Confederates captured the town of Front Royal, along with most of the 900 Union soldiers who defended it. Realizing Jackson was now on his flank and he had no support at Front Royal, on May 24 Banks retreated to Winchester. Because of the good protection provided by his rearguard and poor communications between Jackson and Ewell, Banks was able to reach Winchester with minimal losses. The battle. When Banks arrived at Winchester, he started organizing his defenses. On May 25, Jackson's first attack was thrown back. Ewell approached Winchester from the southwest with his division and attacked Camp Hill (now Overlook Park in the southeastern part of Winchester). At the same time Jackson's Louisiana Brigade outflanked, then overran the Union position on Bower's Hill (southwestern part of Winchester). With their flanks broken, the Union troops began a disorganized retreat through the city of Winchester. Even citizens of Winchester fired on the Union soldiers. Banks retreated across the Potomac River back into Maryland. This was the decisive victory for Jackson's Valley Campaign. Aftermath. Jackson lost about 68 killed and 329 wounded. Banks Union casualties were approximately 62 killed, 243 wounded and over 1,700 captured or missing. Jackson's infantry was too tired to keep up with the retreating Union soldiers. His cavalry, led by Colonel Turner Ashby, was completely useless. They had started looting the abandoned and damaged Union wagons for supplies and had broken off from fighting. Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart's cavalry was attached to Ewell's forces. But they could not be found in time. Once they were located, Stuart refused Jackson's order and waited for the order to come through Ewell. Jackson won a victory at Winchester, but could not finish off his enemy. The defeat of Banks caused great concern in Washington. President Lincoln ordered McDowell to send 20,000 men to help deal with the situation in the Shenandoah Valley. These were troops McClellan needed in his Peninsula Campaign. For the next few weeks, Jackson continued to defeat Union efforts at the Battles of Cross Keys and Port Republic in June 1862. Akasaka Station Akasaka Station (赤坂駅,あかさかえき) is a railway station of Tokyo Metro in Tokyo, Japan. List of language regulators This is a list of language regulators - organisations which guard the evolution of a language. Cordillera Department The Cordillera department () is a department of Paraguay. The capital is the city of Caacupé. Its code is PY-03. Geography. The Cordillera department is in the "Oriental" region. It has an area of , the largest of the "Oriental" region, with a population of 282,981 for a population density of . Rivers. The main river in the department, and of Paraguay, is the Paraguay that makes the western border of the department. The main lake is the "Ypacaraí". Districts. The department is divided in 20 districts: Zhao Ziyang Zhao Ziyang was a high-ranking politician in China. He was the Premier of the People's Republic of China from 1980 to 1987, Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China from 1981 to 1982 and General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1987 to 1989. Zhao did not like Maoist policies. He received support from Deng Xiaoping after the Cultural Revolution. Zhao tried to stop corruption and to make general market economic changes. His views made him unpopular with important leaders including Premier Li Peng, former President Li Xiannian and Party elder Chen Yun. After the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 Zhao was not allowed to be a politician. He was placed under house arrest. Nikolai Ryzhkov Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov (born 28 September 1929) is a former Soviet official. He became a Russian politician after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Ryzhkov was Boris Yeltsin's leading opponent in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) 1991 presidential election. Ryzhkov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour twice, the Order of the October Revolution in 1971, the Order of Lenin twice, and the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 4th class. He was named a National Hero of Armenia. In March 2014, after the Crimean crisis, Ryzhkov was sanctioned by both the European Union and United States. Marga Marga Province Marga Marga Province () is one of eight provinces of the central Chilean region of Valparaíso (V). The city of Quilpué is the capital of the province. The province of Marga Marga was created in 2010 with 2 communes of the Valparaíso province, Quilpué and Villa Alemana, and 2 communes of the province of Quillota, Limache and Olmué. Geography. The Marga Marga province has an area of , the sixth largest province in the Valparaíso region; only the Quillota and Isla de Pascua provinces are smaller. Marga Marga is a landlocked province (it does not border the ocean) and is bordered on the north by the Quillota province, on the east and south by Santiago Metropolitan region, and to the west by the Valparaíso province. Population. (last national census), there were 277,525 people living in the province, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km². The largest city of the province is Quilpué, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 128,578 inhabitants. Other cities are Villa Alemana (95,623), Limache (39,219) and Olmué (14,105). Administration. As a province, Marga Marga is a second-level administrative division, consisting of four communes ("comunas"). The city of Quilpué serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor. Missal In the western-rite Church, the term Missal is used for a text that describes the different types of Mass there are, as well as how to celebrate a given type Mass. Pope Pius V published the first missal for the Roman Catholic Church 1570. Wilderswil Wilderswil is a municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. American Civil War casualties American Civil War casualties are those soldiers, both Union and Confederate, who died, were wounded, went missing or were captured. The American Civil War was the nation's bloodiest war. The violence in battles such as Shiloh, Antietam, Stones River and Gettysburg shocked everyone in the country, both North and South. It also shocked international observers. Of those who died, by far the leading cause of death was disease. The exact number of dead will never be known with any certainty. All Civil War casualty numbers are estimates, no matter what the source. For over a hundred years the total number of dead has been accepted by most historians as 618,222, generally rounded off to 620,000. Newer estimates have put the number at about 750,000 or about 20% higher than previously approximated. Background. In 1860, no one expected any armed conflict would come from the Southern states secession from the Union. Or, if it did, it would be brief and mostly for show purposes. Southerners did not believe the North would mobilize an army against them. The U.S. Senator from South Carolina made the statement he would drink all the blood shed over the South declaring their independence from the Union. Then, as it became apparent that it would become a military confrontation, both sides believed it would not last very long. In 1861, when the Union Army entered the First Battle of Bull Run, they thought a quick victory would bring an end to the war. After the Union loss at Bull Run, the Confederates thought the Union would simply give up the idea re-uniting the North and South. Both were wrong. During the 1850s there were a number of improvements in weapons, especially rifles. During the Civil War, both armies were equipped with rifles that could shoot farther, could reload faster and were much more accurate than the muskets used in the Mexican–American War. Yet the same military tactics were being used as the earlier war; close formations of men firing in volleys. The new rifles combined with obsolete tactics were responsible for up to 90% of all deaths in battle. Death was only one of several ways a soldier could be listed as a casualty. During the Civil War a casualty was any soldier who could not perform his duties. This could be for any reason including being sick, wounded, captured, missing or killed. A single soldier could be listed as a casualty several times during the war. The good death. The mid-nineteenth century attitudes towards death and dying for a noble cause were considerably different than modern thinking. Men saw going to war as a chance for glory and honor. They thought that giving one's life for their country or cause was the highest calling. But dying of disease was considered a horrible way to die and most feared it more than dying in battle. War was presented to soldiers as a way to die "for God and country". It represented both Christian and nationalist reasons for going to war. As most were Christians, they were far better prepared to die than to kill. American society in general, and soldiers in particular, believed in the "ars moriendi" (the art of dying) or the "good death." These attitudes left soldiers to believe that a good death was glorious and at the same time a last act of redemption. Also, by dying well a person showed others how to die well. Civil war medicine. Another factor which contributed to the high death tolls was the status of medical care at the beginning of the Civil War. In 1861, medical knowledge, diagnostic procedures, equipment, and treatment protocols were very crude by modern standards. Because doctors were often unaware of what caused the diseases they were encountering, and because medical hygiene practices were poor compared with those practiced today, physicians often could do very little to treat their patients; in many cases, they even hastened soldiers' deaths by failing to wash their hands and instruments before moving from one patient to the next - simple protocols which did not begin to take hold until later in the war through the pioneering military medical management efforts of William A. Hammond and Jonathan Letterman. As a result, at times, a physician's treatment of wounds, infections and diseases did more harm than good. In addition, camp hygiene was extremely poor. Inadequate sanitation facilities, and the lack of shelter, clothing, shoes and food, as well as contaminated water contributed to high death rates in the camps. Diarrhea and dysentery became the leading causes of death with casualty figures showing that roughly twice as many soldiers died from disease as from the most frequent type of battle injury - the gunshot wound (shown in Latin terminology on military medical records as "Vulnus Sclopet"). Other ailments which affected Civil War soldiers included: Soldiers who were captured by the enemy and held as prisoners of war (POWs) were, in a significant number of instances, housed in such miserable conditions that they faced a higher likelihood of contracting and succumbing to one of the medical conditions shown above; starvation also became a problem in POW camps as more soldiers were captured in battle and food shortages widened. Even healthcare practitioners were not immune; nurses were particularly at risk of catching diseases from the soldiers they tended. Poor records. As many as half of the men killed in battle were not identified when they were buried. The records kept by each company were designed to keep track of how many men were in each unit, not to keep track of each soldier. Confederate military records are much fewer than Union records. When Richmond fell in 1865, records were destroyed, shipped south or left behind. Some of the records were kept by the Union Army and sent to the War Department in Washington, D.C.. The Adjutant General started a bureau for the “collection, safekeeping, and publication of Rebel Archives” in July of 1865. In 1903, the Secretary of War made an appeal to Southern Governors to lend the War Department any Confederate Army records in their possession so they could be copied. Early death estimates. Since about 1900, historians have quoted the numbers produced by Thomas L. Livermore of 618,222 Confederate and Union deaths during the war. Livermore's number was based on incomplete battle reports. It also made a crude guess as to how many died from disease and other causes. His book was titled "Numbers and Losses in the Civil War in America, 1861-65." Before Livermore, another Civil War veteran, William F. Fox, compiled his estimate the hard way. He went over every muster list, battlefield record and pension record he could find. In 1889 he wrote "Regimental Losses in the American Civil War, 1861-1865". Fox came up with the round number of 94,000 dead. In addition to the number, Fox contributed information on the average Union soldier. For example, that he averaged 5 feet 8 ¼ inches tall and weighed 143 ½ pounds. Interestingly, before Fox or Livermore, the superintendent of the1870 United States Census, Francis A. Walker, had estimated the number of male deaths to be “not less than 850,000.” But this was not as widely accepted as the lower numbers. Probably the main reason was that the census itself that year was suspected of being wrong. Walker's estimate was based on calculating a typical growth in population which had been consistent during the nineteenth century, minus the number of males who were missing from the census. Modern death estimate. Many historians are beginning to accept that the earlier death estimates were probably far too low. A demographic historian from New York's Binghamton University, J. David Hacker, has made a new calculation of Civil War deaths which is about 20% higher. The new estimate is 750,000 deaths and is based on digitized nineteenth century census data. The population of the United States in 1860 was just under 31.5 million. Approximately 2,000,000 men served in the Union forces while about 750,000 served in the Confederacy. About 75% of soldiers were born in America. Of the remaining 25% who were foreign born, many did not appear in any census records prior to the Civil War. Wounded warriors. Amputation was by far the most common surgery in the Civil War. During the war it is estimated that about 60,000 surgeries were performed. Of these, nearly 75% were amputations. There were several reasons why amputation was the main procedure. Bullet wounds made by the slow moving Minié ball caused major damage. They often shattered bones beyond repair. Another reason was to prevent gangrene and other complications. Men often lay unattended for a day or more before being brought to a surgeon. Perhaps the most important reason was that medics had too many wounded men and very little time to reconstruct damaged body parts. Lastly, if a man was wounded in the head, stomach or chest, he rarely lived long enough to be taken to a field hospital. Until the war, most American doctors had never seen wounds like these. Most only had experience in lancing boils or pulling teeth. Doctors knew very little about germs and bacteria. Bandages were used over and over again on different men without washing or disinfecting them first. By modern standards the operations were crude, even brutal. Soldiers called medics "butchers" and they feared amputations more than anything else. To avoid losing a limb and the painful operation, some soldiers and officers went so far as to try to treat their wounds themselves. Where the wound was located on a limb affected the soldier's ability to survive after the Surgery. The closer a wound was to the body the higher the mortality rate. For example, Confederate General John Bell Hood was wounded in the leg at the Battle of Chickamauga. His leg was amputated just over from his hip. This type of hip operation had an 83% mortality rate. Hood was among the 17% who survived. Arm wounds had a lower mortality rate of 24%. But Stonewall Jackson did not long survive the loss of his arm. The amputation process itself was done quickly. A cut was made around the arm or leg. Then the bone was sawed through. Nerves were pulled out as far as possible then cut off. The bloody stump was often left to heal by itself or a flap of skin was sewn over the stump. The surgeon had to move quickly to keep the patient from losing too much blood or going into shock. A leg amputation at the knee could be done in three minutes. In most cases anesthesia was used. Men who survived an amputation needed to return to their work after the war. They needed a prosthesis to replace a missing arm or leg. In the case of North Carolina, it was the first of the former Confederate states to provide artificial legs to its veterans who needed them. In 1866, they passed a law providing artificial legs to their veterans. For those who could not use an artificial leg, the veteran amputee was given $70. North Carolina took care of 1,550 veterans who applied for help. Tuncay Şanlı Tuncay Şanlı (born 16 January 1982) is a former Turkish football player. He has played for Turkey national team. Marko Podraščanin Marko Podraščanin () (born 29 August 1987) is a Serbian volleyball player, a member of Serbia men's national volleyball team and Italian club Sir Safety Umbria Perugia. He has participated in two Olympic Games (Beijing 2008, London 2012), and is a bronze medalist of the World Championship 2010. Andrea Sartoretti Andrea Sartoretti (born June 19, 1971) is an Italian former volleyball player. He has won two silver medals and a bronze medal in three Olympic Games between 1996 and 2004. Earvin N'Gapeth Earvin N'Gapeth (born 12 February 1991) is a French volleyball player, a member of French national volleyball team and Italian club Modena. Ngapeth winner 2015 European Champion, a gold medalist of the 2015 World League, French Champion (2010), Italian Champion (2016). North Chungcheong Province North Chungcheong Province, or Chungcheongbuk-do ( ]), is a province in the centre of South Korea. It was formed in 1896 from the northeastern half of the former Chungcheong province. The provincial capital is Cheongju. Port of Amsterdam The Port of Amsterdam is a port located in the city of Amsterdam, in the Netherlands. Looking at the amount of cargo shipped, the port is the 4th most important in Europe. The port was created in the 13th century. It was one of the main ports of the Dutch East India Company, in the 17th century. Today, it is the second largest port in the Netherlands, after the port of Rotterdam. The North Sea Canal connects the port to the North Sea. The port of Amsterdam is mostly used for bulk cargo. In 2013, about 95 million tons of goods passed through one of the ports in Amsterdam. 79 millon tons of these were bulk cargo. About 60.000 people work in the port. Khalji dynasty The Khalji dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Turkic origin. It ruled large parts of South Asia between 1290 and 1320. Larry Roberts (actor) Lawrence Saltzman (September 28, 1926 – July 17, 1992), also known as Larry Roberts, was an American actor and comedian. He was best known for his role of playing the voice of Tramp in the 1955 Disney movie "Lady and the Tramp". He was also well known for his roles in the 1950s TV series "Lights, Camera, Action!". Bulk cargo Bulk cargo is a type of cargo that is carried in big amounts. Bulk cargo can be gases, liquids, coal, and wheat. Sepoy A sepoy was an Indian footsoldier (of whatever religion) in the East India Company army or the British Indian Army. The term comes from the Persian language "Sipahi". In the modern Indian Army, Pakistan Army, Bangladesh Army and Nepalese Army, it is still used for the rank of private soldier. Vicente Martín y Soler Vicente Martín y Soler (2 May 1754 – 30 January 1806) was a composer from Spain. He wrote many operas and ballets. He was born in Valencia, a city in Spain. He studied music in Bologna in Italy. His teacher in Bologna was Giovanni Battista Martini. His first opera was "Il tutore burlato". It was performed in Madrid in 1775. Then he went to Italy. He worked as a composer for the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples from 1777 to 1785. Then he moved to Vienna in Austria. His operas in Vienna had much success. In 1788 Catherine the Great, the Empress of Russia, invited him to work for her. In Russia he wrote more operas and ballets. They were performed in the Empress's theater in Saint Petersburg. Martín y Soler died in Saint Petersburg. Operas. Martín y Soler's most important operas were: Les Rodanes Les Rodanes is a natural reserve in Valencian Community, Spain located into the municipal boundary of Vilamarxant, Valencia province. The territory occupies an area of . Geography. In 2002 was stated as nature reserve into the municipal boundary of Vilamarxant, Camp del Turia. It's located few kilometers at south of the River Turia. It has an area of 582,47 ha. Its geology is formed by sandstones and argillites. Fauna. This place is the habitat of around 50 bird species as "Buteo buteo", "Falco tinnunculus", "Tyto alba", "Strigidae", "Athene noctua" and mammals as "Mustela nivalis", "Vulpini" and "Sus scrofa". Other websites. Generalitat Valenciana - Paraje Natural Municipal "Les Rodanes" (Valencian) Arrondissements of the Indre department There are 4 arrondissements in the Indre department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes. The arrondissements of Indre are: History. Since its creation, the Indre department has had some changes: Field hospital A field hospital is a small mobile medical facility that takes care of casualties close to the battlefield, or in case of disasters, the scene of the natural or man-made catastrophe. The World Health Organization gives the definition of a field hospital as: "a mobile, self-contained, self-sufficient health care facility capable of rapid deployment and expansion or contraction to meet immediate emergency requirements for a specified period of time". The treatment of wounds received in war is an ancient art. The term "field hospital" is most often used as a military term. History. Ancient warriors. It has been the custom of removing wounded soldiers from the battlefield and caring for them since ancient times. They were taken to temporary shelters and given what care was customary for that time period. In Homer's Iliad, it makes brief mention of Machaon and Podalirius. These are the earliest mention in literature of field surgeons who helped fallen soldiers. The Greeks and Romans were known to use nearby houses, stables and temples as field hospitals to care for wounded soldiers. Even then, Romans understood drainage and sewage systems helped keep field hospitals clean and get injured soldiers back to health again. Middle Ages. Among the men returning from the Crusades were many lame, blind and sick who needed care. The Church set up Religious orders to care for the sick and injured. One group who provided this care was called the Knights Hospitallers. They had set up field hospitals at Jerusalem and Acre from 1120 to 1291. Medieval Spain was fairly advanced in field medicine. When Spanish armies went on campaigns, medics and surgeons went with them. During the 13th century, hospitals followed the Arabic pattern of orgainzing patients into different areas based on sex, type of disease or injuries. During the Conquest of Granada, when Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile expelled the Moors from Northern Spain, Queen Isabella had established ambulances and field hospitals for her soldiers. Early modern period. Near the end of the 18th century, France began paying closer attention to the poor condition of its hospitals. In Paris, the Hôtel Dieu was full of disease and vermin. It had about 1,220 beds and up to six patients shared a bed. Others lay in halls on piles of straw in extremely dirty conditions. When doctors came to visit in the morning, they had to hold sponges dipped in vinegar over their faces because of the bad smell. The Hôtel-Dieu was not a military hospital, but was typical of most hospitals at the time. In 1788, the French Academy of Sciences made several recommendations to make hospitals cleaner and have better ventilation. It laid out the size the rooms should be, that they should contain 34 to 36 beds and have floor to ceiling windows. The committee borrowed several ideas from visiting England and seeing hospitals there. Field hospitals during the Napoleonic era were crude by modern standards. There was still no knowledge of hygiene, antibiotics had not yet been discovered and amputation was the most common treatment for battlefield wounds. Soldiers sometimes waited for days to be removed from the battlefield. The wounded had no water or food, and flies would plague them as they lay there bleeding. Many died from infection before getting medical help. If they were removed, they were sent to makeshift surgical facilities where overworked surgeons did the best they could. In a "field hospital" they had to endure amputations with no anesthetic. Officers were sometimes offered rum or brandy while regular soldiers were given a piece of wood to bite down on. The prospects for surviving their wounds were dim. American Civil War. By 1861, medical knowledge and equipment still had far to go. Treating wounds, infections and diseases often did more harm than good. Doctors did not understand what caused infections and could do very little to treat them. Estimates are that twice as many soldiers died from disease as died from gunshot wounds. Camp hygiene was extremely poor. Sanitation facilities, the lack of shelter, clothing, shoes and food all contributed to high death rates in the camps. Prisoners of war lived under the most miserable conditions. Dysentery was extremely common in most camps because of poor sanitation and contaminated water. Doctors did not wash instruments or their hands as they moved from patient to patient. Nurses who tended the sick risked catching the diseases themselves. With the crude state of medicine at the time, most diseases could be fatal. While medical knowledge and conditions gradually improved during the war, it still wasn't enough to save thousands of lost lives. Twentieth century field hospitals. In World War I, the U.S. Army used "evacuation hospitals" (called "evacs") which were a part of getting them care as soon as possible. Stretcher bearers were medical soldiers who carried the wounded off the field. They were first brought to the Battalion Aid Station. Here medics gave basic first aid. For any more serious treatment stretcher bearers and ambulances took the wounded to a field hospital. At the field hospital, they went through triage which was a process of sorting out patients by how serious and life-threatening their wounds were. Soldiers who were exposed to poison gas were treated at specially equipped hospitals. After triage, they were taken by ambulance to the evacuation hospitals. There they received surgery and would stay there while they got better. After the evac hospital, they went to base hospitals where they could receive more care and rest. World War I was the first time the army experimented with mobile hospitals. During World War II, allied field hospitals were mobile. They usually held about 400 beds while the more stationary evacuation hospitals could be 400 or 750 bed hospitals. The mobile hospitals would arrive within days after an invasion and would move with the armies, always remaining a few miles behind the front lines. They usually used canvas tents but would also use any buildings in the area when available. When the field hospital was about to move, they stopped accepting casualties and sent those they had to other field hospitals. They then packed their tents and equipment onto trucks and moved to the new location. Within a few hours they were ready to accept wounded soldiers again. The World War II German field hospitals were very similar to those of the U.S. Army. But the Germans differed in their triage procedures were different. Their first aid was given at a "verwundetennest" by army medics (not doctors). This consisted of using bandages and/or splints and were located very close to if not on the battlefield. They were then sent to the "truppenverbandplatz" (aid station) where they were seen by a doctor. After this patients who were stabilized were sent to a "hauptverbandplatz" (clearing station). This was located about from the front and usually had two doctors (but more were added as needed). They had a staff that could take care of about 200 patients (more staff was added if necessary). If the soldier had an abdomenal or other serious wound, they were given surgery here. Then, after the most serious were taken care of, any less serious wounds that needed surgery were taken care of. For those who had severe bone fractures, brain injuries or chest wounds, they were sent to a military hospital called a "kriegslazarett". Modern field hospitals. In the United States, there are more than 75 military hospitals and 461 clinics who see both military personnel and their families. In times of emergency, they see civilian patients. Another example is Israel. The Israel Defense Forces can set up a field hospital within 12 hours of arriving when local hospitals are either overwhelmed or are not functioning. These are two examples of modern military field hospitals serving a dual purpose. For countries affected by natural disasters, many (in the Americas at least) have most of the supplies they need already in the country. This is contrary to what the news media often reports. Ironically, this causes many well-meaning people to send donations to places where they may not be drastically needed. Also, field hospitals that are already in the country can usually be set up much faster than waiting on other countries to send field hospitals. For those countries who do not have these resources, one of the items highest on their list of things to have in case of emergency are field hospitals. Modern field hospitals have changed from canvas tents to modern, well-equipped health care centers. While many are still made of fabric, they are specifically designed to be clean, safe and comfortable shelters. They are highly mobile and may be found in nearly all parts of the world. They range in size from small single room shelters to fully equipped hospitals with 200 or more beds. They provide all kinds of necessary medical care. Modern field hospitals may have emergency rooms (ER), intensive care unit (ICU) and outpatient clinics. They provide all areas of needed health care from first aid to psychological care to preventive healthcare. Often, international disaster responses are limited by politics more than availability of equipment and personnel. The affected country, international relief organizations (e.g. the United Nations), non-profit organizations or the country providing the emergency relief often cause delays or otherwise limit the providing of emergency medical facilities. All too often the needs of that organization or government come first. Ideally, the situations should be quickly evaluated to determine what help is needed by those trained to do so. Then, the response should be based on humanitarian needs and not political considerations. Field hospitals and the law. Under international humanitarian law hospitals of any kind have a special protected status. To deliberately attack a hospital or any medical unit is considered a war crime. It is also prohibited to use a hospital or medical facility as part of a military action. For example, to use a hospital as a fortification. It is also against international law to use a hospital, ambulance or any medical facility as camouflage to hide soldiers who are not wounded. In addition to international law, the laws and military codes of all nations protect hospitals and medical personnel. This has been a basic part of international law since it was started in 1864. It is also a part of four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and was added to in 1977. Doctors, nurses and medical personnel have a duty to treat the sick and wounded in a war zone. Attacking them or the hospitals they work in is a crime on many levels. International law protects medical personnel to make sure they are not subject to military interference. They must treat patients on their medical needs alone and may not be forced to give priority to treat one side or the other. Medical personnel cannot be punished for carrying out their medical activities no mater who the patient is. They may not violate doctor-patient confidentiality. All hospital personnel must remain neutral and ethical at all times and may not take sides in a war or dispute. Medical care units must collect all weapons at the entrance to the facility and store them until the patient is released. If the territory or area that includes hospitals or mobile medical facilities is captured by enemy soldiers, medical personnel are not immune from being seized. The medical team as well as the patients (of either side) should be treated with respect. They must be allowed to perform their normal duties tending to the sick and wounded. In international conflicts, permanent medical personnel must be repatriated except for a short period of time when their services are needed to care for their patients. Permanent medical personnel are those who are assigned to a medical mission for the entire time of the conflict. Temporary personnel may be taken prisoner and their medical skills may be used during the time they are imprisoned. If a conflict is not international, then the above distinctions between permanent and temporary medical personnel are not made. But in no case may medical personnel be punished for caring for sick and wounded enemy soldiers. Anarkali Salwar Suit An Anarkali Shalwar suit is a form of women's dress. The anarkali suit is made up of a long, frock-style top and features a slim fitted bottom. It is mostly worn by women in Pakistan and other countries in South Asia such as India and Bangladesh. The anarkali suit varies in many different lengths and embroideries including floor length anarkali styles. Anarkali suits owe their name to the fictional Anarkali, a courtesan in the court of Mughal emperor Akbar who was legendarily murdered for her illicit relationship with the Crown Prince Salim. China Northwest Airlines Flight 2303 China Northwest Airlines Flight 2303 was a flight from Xianyang Airport, in Xianyang to Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (former). The aircraft used was a Tupolev Tu-154M. On June 6, 1994 the aircraft crashed into a field due to mechanical flaw in Xi'an. All 160 people were killed in China's worst air disaster. Arrondissement of Le Blanc The arrondissement of Le Blanc is an arrondissement of France, in the Indre department of the Centre-Val de Loire region. Its capital is the city of Le Blanc. History. When the Indre department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Le Blanc was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Le Blanc is the most western "arrondissement" of the Indre department; it covers parts of the west and southwest of the department. It is the second "arrondissement" of the department in area, after the "arrondissement" of Châteauroux, with, but the one with the lowest population (31,821 inhabitants). The lowest point in the arrondissement is high, in the "commune" of Néons-sur-Creuse, and the highest is high, in the "commune" of Mouhet. It is bordered to the north by the Indre-et-Loire department, to the east by the "arrondissement" of Châteauroux, to the southeast by the "arrondissement" of La Châtre, to the south by the Creuse department, to the southwest by the Haute-Vienne department and to the west by the Vienne department. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There are only two cantons in the "arrondissement" of Le Blanc: Communes. The "arrondissement" of Le Blanc has 57 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Arrondissement of Châteauroux The arrondissement of Châteauroux is an arrondissement of France, in the Indre department of the Centre-Val de Loire region. Its capital is the city of Châteauroux. History. When the Indre department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Châteauroux was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Châteauroux is a central "arrondissement" in the Indre department. It is the largest "arrondissement" of the department both in area with , and in population (126,428 inhabitants). The lowest point in the arrondissement is high, in the "commune" of La Vernelle, and the highest is high, in the "commune" of Chavin. It is bordered to the north by the Indre-et-Loire department, to the east by the "arrondissement" of Issoudun, to the southeast and south by the "arrondissement" of La Châtre, to the west by the "arrondissement" of Le Blanc and to the northwest by the Indre-et-Loire department. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Châteauroux has 86 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Law of Azerbaijan The law of Azerbaijan is made up of many levels of codified forms of law. The laws of Azerbaijan are based on civil law. As the country was a republic of the Soviet Union until 1991, its laws have also been influenced heavily by socialist law. Today Azerbaijani law is heavily based on the laws Germany, France and Italy which also use civil law. Criminal law. The current Criminal Code of Azerbaijan came into force in September 2000, replacing the older Criminal Code of 1960 which was based on Soviet law. The current Azerbaijani criminal law is based on the criminal laws of Germany, France and Italy. Sources of law. Unlike common law systems such as the United States and the United Kingdom, Azerbaijani courts do not rely on case law and judicial precedent and there are no unwritten laws in Azerbaijani law. Except for decisions of the Constitutional Court of Azerbaijan, decisions of the courts are not usually counted as a source of law. The sources of law in the Azerbaijani legal system are: Court system. The Constitutional Court of Azerbaijan as the highest court of the country, makes the most important and final decisions on civil, criminal and other cases. It is the court of last resort and it has more power than all other courts. Decisions of lower courts can be cancelled here. The Constitutional Court of Azerbaijan has the power to interpret and apply the Constitution of Azerbaijan, especially if laws violate the constitution. Arrondissement of La Châtre The arrondissement of La Châtre is an arrondissement of France, in the Indre department of the Centre-Val de Loire region. Its capital is the city of La Châtre. History. When the Indre department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Châteauroux was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of La Châtre is in the southeast of the Indre department. It has an area of and a population of 32,962 inhabitants. The lowest point in the arrondissement is high, in the "commune" of Ceaulmont, and the highest is high, in the "commune" of Crevant. It is bordered to the north by the "arrondissement" of Châteauroux, to the northeast by the "arrondissement" of Issoudun, to the east by the Cher departmen, to the south by the Creuse department and to the west by the "arrondissement" of Le Blanc. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements": Communes. The "arrondissement" of La Châtre has 51 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: British Motor Corporation In September 1965, BMC took control of its major suppliers (of bodies), Pressed Steel, acquiring Jaguar's body supplier in the process. In September 1966, BMC merged with Jaguar Cars Limited. On 14 December 1966, BMC changed its name to British Motor Holdings Limited or BMH. BMH merged in May 1968 with Leyland Motor Corporation Limited, which made trucks and buses and were owners of Standard-Triumph International Limited, BMH becoming the major part of British Leyland Motor Corporation. Arrondissement of Issoudun The arrondissement of Issoudun is an arrondissement of France, in the Indre department of the Centre-Val de Loire region. Its capital is the city of Issoudun. History. When the Indre department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Issoudun was part of that original department. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Issoudun was eliminated but in 1942 it was made again an "arrondissement". Geography. The "arrondissement" of Issoudun is in the northeast of the Indre department. It is the smallest "arrondissement" of the department in area, with , but the second in population, with 34,964 inhabitants. It is bordered to the north by the Indre-et-Loire department, to the east by the Cher department, to the south by the arrondissement of Arrondissement of La Châtre and to west the "arrondissement" of Châteauroux. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". The following table shows the distribution of the "communes" in the cantons and "arrondissements": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Issoudun has 49 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Jonas Savimbi Jonas Malheiro Savimbi was an Angolan political and military leader. He founded and led the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). In 2002 UNITA lost the Angolan Civil War to the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). Babrak Karmal Babrak Karmal was an Afghan politician. Karmal was made President of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union at the beginning of the Soviet–Afghan War. Under Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Union deposed Karmal and replaced him with Mohammad Najibullah. Following his loss of power, Karmal was exiled to Moscow. Truyère The Truyère () is a river in southwestern France. It is the main tributary of the Lot river. Geography. The Truyère river has a length of and a drainage basin with an area of . Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 69.5 cubic metres per second at Entraygues-sur-Truyèret. Course. The Truyère starts in the Margeride mountains, south-western Massif Central, north of Mende, in the "commune" of La Villedieu (Lozère department), at an altitude of about . The Truyère flows to the west, in general, and passes through 2 regions, 3 departments and 44 "communes": Finally, it flows, as a right tributary, into the Lot river, in Entraygues-sur-Truyèret, in the Aveyron department, at of altitude. The Garabit Viaduct is a bridge over the Truyère near Ruynes-en-Margeride that was built by Gustave Eiffel. There are several dams over the river to produce hydroelectricity. Main tributaries. The main tributaries of the Truyère river are: Left tributaries: Right tributaries: Military terminology Military terminology is the words and acronyms used by military organization and members of various militaries. Military terms may have the same spelling as common words but mean something very different. Common terms may also differ between militaries of English-speaking countries. They also differ in their use of abbreviations. For example, British and American abbreviations for the same thing may be very different. Military terms can also be specific to one branch of a nation's military or to a specific war or period of time. Doublespeak. Some terms are intentionally intended to obscure, disguise, distort, or otherwise change the meaning of words. This is called "doublespeak". For example, the United States reduction of troop strength in Afghanistan is called by American troops "the retrograde." This is from an old military euphemism meaning to retreat (no military likes to admit it retreats). Some phrases are so strange that nobody outside the military understands them. "15 minutes prior to 15 minutes prior" refers to military people being told to show up 15 minutes early for everything. So when a commanding officer says there will be a meeting at "06:00" (6:00 a.m. on the 24-hour clock), it means to show up at 05:45. When junior officers repeat the order to the sergeant, to him it means 05:30, and so on. By the time it filters down to the lowest ranking soldier, it can mean be there by midnight. Acronyms. To listen to military people talking, everything seems to be in acronyms. For instance, "I was on the FOB when the IDF hit, so I radioed the TOC" (I was on the Forward Operating Base when the Ineffective Direct Fire hit, so I radioed the Tactical Operations center). Military people seem to love using acronyms which is probably why there are so many of them. New recruits, military families and even seasoned veterans are expected to know most if not all the current acronyms. Phonic alphabet. To say letters out loud, over the phone or when it might be unclear what letter is being pronounced a phonic alphabet is used. On ships, a navy would use flags for different letters of the alphabet. The NATO phonetic alphabet (with flags) is: This is used often in military acronyms. For example, Bravo Zulu means "well done", a compliment. It was taken from naval signal manuals meaning the same thing. However, if someone were to say "B Z" nobody would understand. if someone used the term Whisky Tango Foxtrot it means "what the fuck?" Posed as a question or used as an interjection, it is at least a little more polite than saying the words. Célé The Célé is a river in southern France. It is a right tributary of the Lot river; it is the second largest tributary of the Lot, after the Truyère. Several communes have the name of the river in their names:Bagnac-sur-Célé, Marcilhac-sur-Célé, Sauliac-sur-Célé. Geography. The Célé river has a length of and a drainage basin with an area of . Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 17.90 cubic metres per second at Orniac. Course. The Célé starts in the Massif Central, in the "commune" of Calvinet (Cantal department), at an altitude of about . The Célé flows to the west, in general, and passes through 2 regions, 2 departments and 26 "communes": Finally, it flows, as a right tributary, into the Lot river, in Bouziès, in the Lot department, at of altitude. Main tributaries. The main tributaries of the Célé river are (only right tributaries because the left tributaries are small Streams): Right tributaries: Patty Judge Patty Judge (born November 2, 1943) is an American nurse and politician. She was the 46th Lieutenant Governor of Iowa. She was also previously the Secretary of Agriculture for Iowa. In 2010, she ran for re-election, though was not successful. She had been elected to the office with the Governor Chet Culver. In March 2016, she announced her run for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate. She won the primary on June 7. She lost the general election to the incumbent Chuck Grassley. Judge was born in Fort Madison, Iowa. Suntec City Suntec City is a major multi-use development in Marina Centre, a subzone of the Downtown Core in Singapore. Construction began on 18 January 1992 (with earthworks) followed by full completion and opening on 22 July 1997. It had Suntec Convention Centre, the five towers and a shopping mall. Suntec City was renovated between 2012 and 2015. Esplanade MRT station Esplanade MRT Station (CC3) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Circle Line in Downtown Core, Singapore, at the junction of Bras Basah Road, Raffles Boulevard and Nicoll Highway. The station was opened on 17 April 2010 along with the rest of Stages 1 & 2 of the Circle Line. It is located next to the War Memorial Park, the Suntec City Mall and the Suntec Singapore International Convention and Exhibition Centre. The station also has a link to Raffles City, CityLink Mall, Suntec City Mall and Marina Square. There is a link from Esplanade station to City Hall station via the underground shopping centre CityLink Mall or basement 2 of Raffles City shopping mall. iExperience Gallery is also located here. Prior to the opening of the station, names like Suntec, Suntec West, War Memorial and Memorial Park were used. City Hall MRT station City Hall MRT station (NS25/EW13) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station in Singapore, that has received very high passenger number all the while. It is named after the national monument - City Hall before National Gallery took over in 2015. It provides cross platform interchange between the two lines. It is located in the Civic District in the Downtown Core, which is within the Central Area, the city centre of Singapore. It is situated underground, beneath the junction of Stamford Road and North Bridge Road, and is thus east of the Singapore River. The commercial district of Raffles Place and its respective station is located across the Singapore River. History. Before this station was built, it was called St Andrew's. It was renamed to City Hall in 1984. Incidents. On December 10, 1985, a foreman died at City Hall MRT station. This station was part of the series of 2011 MRT train disruptions on 15 and 17 December 2011. The disruption was caused by a misalignment between the trains' current collector shoes and the third rail. The disruption was one of Singapore's two largest MRT disruptions at the time of occurrence. A power failure and blackout occurred at the station on 6 July 2012 at about 1.30 pm, causing the platforms for north and west-bound trains to turn pitch black. Emergency lighting was turned on immediately after the incident occurred. However, train services were not affected by the incident. Lighting was progressively restored from 2 pm, and was back to normal at 3.15 pm. All escalators have also been turned on. SMRT has apologised for any inconvenience caused. Raffles Place MRT station Raffles Place MRT station (EW14/NS26) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station on the North South Line and the East West Line in Downtown Core, Singapore. It is directly underneath the centre of the financial area of Raffles Place, located in the Downtown Core area, south of the Singapore River. It is one of the more prominent and busier stations within Singapore's transport system during peak hours, especially being an interchange station located within the Central Area. The station has many entrances/exits, the two main ones facing the Raffles Gardens, with the building being a miniature facade of the historic John Little building, just before the Telok Ayer and Downtown MRT Station came on board. This station used to be the largest and deepest MRT station in Singapore, but the record was broken by Dhoby Ghaut in 2003 and then by Bras Basah in 2010, then by Promenade in 2013 which is 43 metres below ground. It is also one of the four MRT stations to appear in "Uniquely Singapore Edition" of the board game "Monopoly". The station is the only MRT station to ever participate in three terrorist exercises, which are Exercise Northstar IV on January 11, 2004, Exercise Northstar V, when it was one of four stations which participated in the exercise on January 8, 2006, as well as Exercise Northstar VII on July 7, 2009 together with Sentosa and VivoCity. At Raffles Place, most southbound trains will then terminate at Marina Bay while few others at Marina South Pier. Marina Bay MRT station Marina Bay MRT station (NS27/CE2/TE20) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station on the North South Line and Circle Line, located on the boundary of Downtown Core and Straits View planning areas in Singapore. The station is designed by Aedas. It was the southern terminus of the North South Line until late November 2014. However, most trains terminate at Marina Bay instead of Marina South Pier possibly due to the low passenger demand at Marina South Pier. Passengers who are going to Marina South Pier should observe the television screens on the station platforms and listen to announcements which will notify commuters when a train that is terminating at Marina South Pier arrives. Circle Line trains that begin from here terminate at Stadium MRT station, with a few trains terminating at HarbourFront MRT station during peak hours. When the Thomson-East Coast MRT Line opened, it became 3-line interchange. Marina Bay is mainly used as an interchange station as there are very little buildings nearby. Exits. It is possible to walk 500 meters to Downtown MRT station from Exit B of the station. Bishan MRT station Bishan MRT station (NS17/CC15) is a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station along the North South Line and Circle Line in Bishan, Singapore. It was one of the original five stations on the North South Line. It also serves the Circle Line which opened on 8 October 2017. The north south line platforms are one of the few on the MRT that has split side platforms. This station is also only one of four to have faregates on the same level as the platforms, with the others being Expo, Changi Airport and Stevens Nicoll Highway MRT station Nicoll Highway MRT Station is a MRT station in Singapore, and it was only been there when the Nicoll Highway collapse on 17 April 2004. Stadium MRT station Stadium MRT Station is a MRT station in Singapore, that connects to the Singapore Sports Hub and Kallang Wave. Singapore Armed Forces The Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) is the military arm of the Total Defence of the Republic of Singapore; as well as the military component of the Ministry of Defence. The SAF has three services: the Singapore Army, the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) and the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN). The SAF protects the interests, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Singapore from external threats. The SAF relies heavily on a large pool of conscripts in the active and reserve forces. It has an active strength of around 71,600 personnel and is capable of mobilising over 900,000 reservists. National Servicemen (NSmen) make up more than 80% of its military defence system and form the backbone of the SAF. SAF uses the SAR-21 rifle. Wiler bei Utzenstorf Wiler bei Utzenstorf is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Ebikon Ebikon (Swiss German: "Äbike") is a municipality of the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Gapik Qapik (or gapik, from ) is a monetary unit of Azerbaijan, equal to 1/100 of the Azerbaijani manat. The 2006 currency denomination of the Azerbaijani manat introduced 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 50 qapik into circulation. The 1, 3 and 5 qapik are made of copper-covered steel. The 10 and 20 qapik are made of brass-covered steel, the 50 qapik are in two colors. The word "qapik" comes from the Russian word "kopek" which means spear, and which was a currency since the time of Ivan the Terrible in the 16th century and is now the monetary unit of the Russian ruble, Ukrainian hryvnia and Belarusian ruble. History of baseball in the United States The history of baseball in the United States can be traced to the 19th century. This is when amateurs played a baseball-like game by their own informal rules using equipment they made themselves. The popularity of the sport inspired the semi-pro national baseball clubs in the 1860s. Early history. The earliest known mention of baseball in the United States was a 1791 Pittsfield, Massachusetts, law banning the playing of the game within of the town meeting house. In 1903, the British sportswriter Henry Chadwick wrote an article saying that baseball came from a British game called rounders. A game which Chadwick had played as a boy in England. But baseball executive Albert Spalding disagreed. Baseball, said Spalding, was basically an American sport and began in America. To decide they agreed to let Abraham G. Mills settle the question by heading a commission. After three years they found that Abner Doubleday had invented the national pastime. In 2004, baseball historian John Thorn discovered the 1791 town ordinance, putting Pittsfield's connection to baseball 48 years before Abner Doubleday accepted invention of the game in 1839 in Cooperstown, New York. This is where the National Baseball Hall of Fame now stands. The Hall of Fame recognized the ordinance as the first known reference to the game and honored the town with a plaque. Another early reference reports that "base ball" was regularly played on Saturdays in 1823 just outside of New York City in an area that today is Greenwich Village. Betting scandals. Baseball started out being a game children played. Baseball's rise in popularity e with professional gamblers noticing the game. Those who ran gambling games thought adults would be more interested if they could bet on who would win. This would also add profits for gambling halls. Very soon gamblers were paying players to lose intentionally (called "throwing" a game) for a percentage of the profits. Players, fans and probably even umpires, all gambled on every part of a game. This is how most players made any money playing baseball. The 1919 Black Sox Scandal took place during the 1919 World Series. The Chicago White Sox lost the series to the Cincinnati Reds. Eight White Sox players were later accused of intentionally losing the games in exchange for money from gamblers. The players were found not guilty in court but were still banned for life from baseball. But game-fixing dates dates back to 1865. That was the first scandal where three players were banned from playing again. Blackmail (disambiguation) Blackmail is the act of threatening to reveal information about a person or group unless a specific demand is met. Emotional blackmail is a form of psychological manipulation. Blackmail may also refer to: List of Pashto-language movies This is a list of Pashto-language movies. Qom Qom is the second religious city of Iran and one of the bases of Shi'ism. The city dates back to before the rise of Islam. The city was conquered by Muslims in 23/644-645 but the people of Qom converted to Islam with the immigration of Ash'ariyyun in 85/704-705, the beginning of the development of Qom as a Shi'a city was from that time. Immigration of Lady Fatima al-Ma'suma (a) to Qom and his shrine in the city, and after that, immigration of other Imam's descendants and Sayyids, made the city the base of Shi'ism in Iran. Foundation of Qom seminary added to the Shi'a fame of the city. Today, the city is the greatest base of Shi'ism from which the Shi'a knowledge is promoted to the world. Wileroltigen Wileroltigen is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Sensory deprivation Sensory deprivation makes it impossible for a person to use one or more of their senses. Sensory deprivation devices can be simple, like blindfolds or hoods, which make it impossible to see. More complicated sensory deprivation devices can cut off a person's sense of smell, touch, taste, thermoception (ability to sense heat), and their sense of gravity. Sensory deprivation can be used in good or bad ways. If a person chooses to go through sensory deprivation for a short time, they may feel relaxed, and it may be easier for them to meditate. However, if a person is forced to go through sensory deprivation, or the deprivation lasts for a long time, it can cause hallucinations, very bad anxiety, strange thoughts, and depression. Some countries in NATO have used sensory deprivation techniques on prisoners because these techniques do not qualify as torture under international laws. Sensory deprivation as treatment. Restricted environmental stimulation therapy (REST) uses sensory deprivation to help a person relax and treat problems like pain. The sensory deprivation sessions are short, and the person can choose to stop the session at any time. There are two basic kinds of REST. Chamber REST. In Chamber REST, a person lies on a bed in a completely dark, sound-proof room for up to 24 hours. They have food, drink, and a toilet in the room with them. They can choose to leave the room at any time. However, fewer than 10% of people who go through Chamber REST actually leave the room before 24 hours. Flotation REST. Flotation REST uses a tank or pool filled with warm water and Epsom salts. The Epsom salts make the water so dense that a person floats in the tank like they do not weigh anything. People usually stay in a flotation tank (also called an isolation tank for about an hour. Less than 5% of people leave the flotation tank before the hour has passed. Researchers in the United States and Sweden have found that flotation REST decreases pain and stress. Flotation REST also makes some people feel more creative, helps them solve problems more easily, and lowers their blood pressure. Other uses. Researchers have studied REST as a treatment for alcoholism, cigarette smoking, and the use of other drugs. Studies that lasted from one to five years showed that 25% of smokers who used REST were able to stop smoking. If smokers also used other ways to stop smoking along with REST (like changing their behaviors), 50% were able to stop smoking. When smokers used REST and went to weekly support groups, 80% were able to stop smoking. (To compare, only 5% of smokers who use only a nicotine patch are able to stop smoking.) Alcoholics who got two hours of REST, along with anti-alcohol educational messages, drank 56% less alcohol - less than half than they were drinking before - within two weeks. Three and six months after the first treatment, these alcoholics were still drinking 56% less alcohol than they did before REST. The University of Arizona studied the use of chamber REST to treat substance abuse. They treated one group of people with both REST and regular substance abuse treatment. 43% of these people stopped using drugs and were still drug-free after four years. They treated another group with regular substance abuse treatment, but no REST. None of these people were still drug-free after eight months. Sensory deprivation on prisoners. Security forces in Northern Ireland used sensory deprivation on prisoners in the early 1970s. They used "the five techniques" of sensory deprivation on prisoners they suspected of belonging to paramilitary organizations: In 1972, the United Kingdom formally stopped using these techniques to interrogate prisoners. In 1976, the Irish government sued the United Kingdom in the European Commission on Human Rights (Ireland v. United Kingdom, 1976 Y.B. Eur. Conv. on Hum. Rts. 512, 748, 788-94 (European Commission of Human Rights)). Ireland argued that the "five techniques" were torture. The Commission agreed, and said that if the five techniques were used together, they ""amount to torture". However, this decision was reversed on appeal. In 1978, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) looked at the United Nations' definition of torture. They decided that the five techniques "did not [cause] suffering of the particular intensity and cruelty implied by the word torture". However, they also said the five techniques were "a practice of inhuman and degrading treatment"", which is not allowed under the European Convention on Human Rights, article 3. Willadingen Willadingen is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Wimmis Wimmis is a municipality in the administrative district of Frutigen-Niedersimmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Lanyard A lanyard is a cord or strap. It is made to help the wearer keep and use some basic items of equipment, especially small items. It is usually worn around the neck with an ID card or keys. Lanyards were first introduced in the 15th century. In the military, lanyards are worn on the shoulders of uniforms to denote the wearer's qualification or regimental affiliation. Controlled flight into terrain A controlled flight into terrain (CFIT, usually pronounced "cee-fit") is an accident in which an airworthy aircraft, under pilot control, is unintentionally flown into the ground, a mountain, a body of water or an obstacle. In a typical CFIT scenario, the crew is not aware of the situation until it is too late to stop it. The term was coined by engineers at Boeing in the late 1970s. Accidents where the aircraft is out of control at the time of impact, because of mechanical failure or pilot error, are not considered CFIT (they are known as "uncontrolled flight into terrain"). Accidents resulting from the deliberate action of the person flying the aircraft, such as acts of terrorism or suicide by pilot. According to Boeing, CFIT is a leading cause of airplane accidents involving the loss of life. It has caused over 9,000 deaths since the beginning of the commercial jet age. CFIT was identified as a cause of 25% of USAF Class A mishaps between 1993 and 2002. Savio (river) The Savio () is a river that starts in the Apennines mountain and flows to east into the Adriatic Sea. It is the longest river of the Romagna region. Geography. The Savio river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately . Its discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) depends of the season: in the autumn could be as high as 1,000 cubic metres per second but is very low during summer. Most of the time, the discharge is about 6 cubic metres per second. Course. The Savio river starts, with the name of "Fosso Grosso", in the Mount Fumaiolo, a mountain in the Apennines, at an elevation of about , in the commune of Verghereto, in the border between Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna regions. At its source there is monument with symbols that represent the Romagna region and the Verghereto commune. In "Montecoronaro", a "frazione" (an Italian subdivision of a municipality) of Verghereto, the river takes the name of "Savio". The river flows through the communes of Bagno di Romagna and San Piero in Bagno and, after a few kilometres, it forms an artificial reservoir, the "Lago di Quarto", where it is joined, on the right side, by its first important tributary, the stream "Para". It flows through the communes of Sarsina, Mercato Saraceno and Cesena, all in the province of Forlì-Cesena. In "Botello" (a "frazione" of Cesena), it is joined on the left side by its main tributary, the stream "Botello". Then it goes into the province of Ravenna and flows through "Castiglione di Cervia" (commune of Cervia) and "Castiglione di Ravenna" (commune of Ravenna). Finally, after 126 kilometres, it flows into the Adriatic Sea between Lido di Classe, a seaside resort, and Lido di Savio. Main tributaries. The tributaries of the Savio are all small streams; the main are the Botello, left tributary, and Para, coming from the right. Alexander Dubček Alexander Dubček was a Slovak politician. He was briefly leader of Czechoslovakia (1968–1969). Dubček tried to change the communist government during the Prague Spring. He was made to quit after the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. He became a politician again after the Velvet Revolution. Walter Hallstein Walter Hallstein (17 November 1901 – 29 March 1982) was a German academic, diplomat, and politician. He was the first president of the Commission of the European Economic Community. He was one of the founding fathers of the European Union. Hallstein is also the person behind the Hallstein Doctrine, wich the former state of West Germany proclaimed in 1955. It meant that West Germany wouldn't have diplomatic relations with countries that recognized East Germany. Todor Zhivkov Todor Hristov Zhivkov ( ; 7 September 1911 – 5 August 1998) was the communist head of state of the People's Republic of Bulgaria (PRB) from March 4, 1954 until November 10, 1989. Zhivkov was the longest-serving leader of any Eastern Bloc nation. He is one of the longest ruling non-royal leaders in history. Decisive victory The term decisive victory refers to a military victory that decides a matter or a conflict. A decisive victory has to result in a positive outcome for the victor and create a condition of peace between the two warring states. By comparison, an inconclusive victory is one in which one side won, but the issues between them are not resolved. A desirable goal for all armies fighting conventional wars is a quick and decisive victory with few casualties. For example, in the Six-Day War that started on 5 June 1967, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) achieved a decisive victory over the combined armies of Egypt, Syria and Jordan. This established Israel as a regional power in the Middle East with about six years of peace. During the Cold War (1947-1991) the idea of a decisive victory (or any victory) seemed obsolete. Instead, the theory of limited war seemed more practical in the age of nuclear weapons as it would not escalate into a full-scale war that would result in mutual assured destruction. What makes a victory decisive. In his book "On War" ("Vom Kriege"), Carl von Clausewitz stated a decisive victory “is to throw [an] opponent in order to make him incapable of further resistance. War is thus an act of force to compel our enemy to do our will.” He wrote that, to cripple an enemy, a general must find that enemy's "center of gravity". This is the core of what gives an enemy their power. It can be different for different wars and for different enemies, but it is often the enemy's army, people or economy. According to Clausewitz, a war can only end in a decisive victory or it will continue. Clausewitz also wrote: “There is only one decisive victory: the last.” Sun Tzu (544 BC – 496 BC) also wrote about decisive victory. In his book "The Art of War", he wrote: “Therefore the clever combatant imposes his will on the enemy but does not allow the enemy’s will to be imposed on him”. Later in the book he added: “And therefore those skilled in war bring the enemy to the field of battle, and are not brought by him”. Historical examples. The Battle of Marathon was a decisive victory for the ancient Greeks over the Persians. It marked the end of the first Persian invasion of Greece. The Battle of Hastings (14 October 1066) was a pitched battle between the Anglo-Saxon English and an invading Norman army. In the battle, the English King Harold Godwinson was killed by an arrow through his eye. The victor, William Duke of Normandy, was crowned as King William I of England 10 weeks later. The Norman conquest was a major turning point in England's history. Another example of a decisive victory is the Battle of Yorktown (1781) fought at the end of the American Revolutionary War. The American and the French forces defeated the British Army, led by General Lord Charles Cornwallis. Cornwallis believed he could end the rebellion in The Carolinas and Georgia by setting up a fortress and naval base at Yorktown, Virginia. Seeing an opportunity to trap the British on the Virginia Peninsula, American General George Washington and French General Rochambeau marched their armies to Yorktown and established a siege. The French navy prevented the British fleet from reinforcing Cornwallis. A month later Cornwallis surrendered, effectively ending the war. The World War II Battle of Midway took place from June 4, 1942 to June 7, 1942. It was a decisive victory for the United States Navy over the Japanese Navy. It was the turning point in the war allowing the U.S. forces to go on the offensive against the Japanese. The Japanese fleet commander, Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku, chose to attack Midway Island to draw out the few remaining U.S. Aircraft carriers and ambush them. Unknown to the Japanese, the Americans had been able to decypher their coded messages. Reading the coded messages, they knew what the Japanese plan was. The result was the complete destruction of the Japanese carrier fleet (the Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, and Hiryu) with 322 aircraft and over five thousand sailors. The Americans lost 147 aircraft and about three hundred sailors. While the battle did not directly end the war, it crippled Japanese sea power and ended the Japanese capability to stop the Americans and their allies. Blek le Rat Blek le Rat is Xavier Prou. He was one of the first graffiti artists in Paris, and has been described as the "Father of stencil graffiti". Xavier Prou was born on 15 November 1951 in Boulogne-Billancourt in the western suburbs of Paris. Early career and influence. Blek began his artwork in 1981, painting stencils of rats on the walls of Parisian streets. He described the rat as "the only free animal in the city", and one which "spreads the plague everywhere, just like street art". His name comes from the comic book "Blek le Roc", using "rat" as an anagram for "art". Murray Gell-Mann Murray Gell-Mann (September 15, 1929 – May 24, 2019) was an American physicist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles. He was the Robert Andrews Millikan Professor of Theoretical Physics Emeritus at the California Institute of Technology, a Distinguished Fellow and co-founder of the Santa Fe Institute, Professor in the Physics and Astronomy Department of the University of New Mexico, and the Presidential Professor of Physics and Medicine at the University of Southern California. Gell-Mann has also worked at CERN, as a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow in 1972. Works. He was known for his study of particle physics, the smallest parts that make up the universe. These small particles behaved in ways that did not appear to follow the known laws of physics, and Gell-Mann came up with the idea of giving them a strangeness number which could allow them to be compared and put into categories. He also came up with idea that parts of an atom, the proton ad the neutron were made up of even smaller particles. He called the quarks, a nonsense work from James Joyce's book, "Finnigan's Wake". Gell-Mann then developed the idea that quarks were held together inside the nucleus by a force he called "color", and this force could be given a quantum number. With Richard Feynman he discovered a weak interaction between sub-atomic particles. He researched string theory which could explain what makes up the smallest particles and forces. Personal life. Gell-Mann was an agnostic. Gell-Mann supported Barack Obama for the United States presidency in October 2008. Gell-Mann died on May 24, 2019 at his home in Santa Fe, New Mexico, aged 89. Limited war A limited war is a war carried out by a state that uses less than its total resources and has a goal of less than total defeat of the enemy. Very often it is the high cost of war that makes limited war more practical than total war. In a limited war a state's total survival does not depend on the outcome of the war. For example, when Augustus sent his Roman legions to conquer Germania, the fate of the Roman Republic was not at stake. Since 1945 and the advent of nuclear weapons, limited war has become the normal type of warfare. Following World War II, because of its world position, the United States has found itself involved in a number of limited wars. The Korean, Vietnam, Persian Gulf and Iraq wars were all examples of limited wars. The goal of at least one of the parties in a limited war is to maintain its freedom and preserve itself. Often the strategy used, especially against a much stronger enemy, is to draw out the fighting until the other side gets tired and finally decides to quit. This worked for George Washington in the American Revolutionary War. Although the British Army was the strongest army in the world at the time, the war dragged out until the British got tired of the war draining its resources. Today the Taliban and other Islamist groups keep their wars going trying to wear out their Western world enemies. Problems. Limited wars are rarely successful. From the time of the Roman Republic to modern times, limited warfare has usually not had the desired results. It also runs contrary to what military leaders are taught, which is to win at all costs. Those who make policy often choose the middle ground of limited war when faced with decisions between total war or do nothing at all. The only problem with doing nothing is the example of Adolf Hitler. While the world powers did nothing, he continued to invade weaker countries until finally a world war was all that could stop him. Historical examples. The concept of limited war is not new. The military theorist Carl von Clausewitz (1780-1831) wrote about two kinds of war. In the first kind, the goal is total destruction of an enemy. When that is not possible, the second type is limited war. This is most often because one of the parties to the war does not have the capability of completely annihilating their enemy. The Napoleonic wars (1803-1815), World War I (1914-19) and World War II (1939-1945) are considered total wars. Any war that is limited by geography, resources, goals or a war that is intentionally limited by the participants is a limited war. Beatriz Montañez Beatriz Montañez López (born 3 June 1977 in Almadén, Castile-La Mancha) is a Spanish journalist and radio speaker. Biography. Early years. She began working in the radio at Onda Mancha from Almadén (currently Cadena SER Almadén). Afterwards she went to the University of California where she got a degree in journalism. At same time, Montañez worked in several Spanish language radio stations in the U.S., Telemundo and Radio KLVE among others. Back in Spain, she studied audiovisual communication and production at Instituto de RTVE and made a master via online at Harvard University. LaSexta. In 2006 began to work in LaSexta's "El Intermedio" as anchorwoman and El Gran Wyoming as host. In 2011 she left the programme being replaced by Sandra Sabatés. Tele 5. In 2013 was hired by Tele 5 to present along Jordi González: "El gran debate". In March, 2014 hosted "Hable con ellas", an interview TV-magazine at the same channel until July. Book. On March 15, 2021, she publishes the book "Niadela", where she talks about how she decided to live a simple life alone in the mountains. Gōjū-ryū Gōjū-ryū is Japanese for "hard-soft style." It is one of the main traditional Okinawan styles of karate. Gōjū-ryū uses a combination of hard and soft techniques. Both principles, hard and soft, come from the famous martial arts book used by Okinawan masters during the 19th and 20th centuries, the "Bubishi" (). Gō, which means hard, refers to closed hand techniques or straight linear attacks. Jū, which means soft, refers to open hand techniques and circular movements. Gōjū-ryū uses both circular and linear movements. It combines hard striking attacks such as kicks. It also uses close hand punches with softer open hand circular techniques. These are used for attacking, blocking, and controlling the opponent. This includes locks, grappling, takedowns and throws. Tirthankara In Jainism, a tirthankara (Sanskrit "tīrthaṅkara") is an all knowing Teaching God who teaches the path to liberation from the cycle of births and deaths, called "saṃsāra". According to Jains, over time, Jain teachings are gradually forgotten. Then, a rare individual is born who at some point in his life renounces the world to conquer the "saṃsāra", the cycle of death and rebirth, on his own. After "Tirthankara" attains "Kevala Jnana" (omniscience) he refounds Jainism. Tirthankara provides a bridge for others to follow him from "saṃsāra" (worldy existence) to "moksha" (liberation). According to Jains, exactly twenty-four "tirthankaras" grace this part of the universe in each half of the Jain time cycle. The first "tirthankara" was Rishabhanatha, who is said to have taught men various arts and professions including agriculture. The 24th and last "tirthankara" of present half-cycle was Mahavira (599-527 BC). His predecessor, Parshvanatha, the twenty-third "tirthankara "was a historical figure. The teachings "tirthankara" are compiled as scriptures called "Agamas". All "tirthankaras "teach same philosophy and ethics and their teachings do not contradict. While "tirthankaras" are worshiped by Jains, there grace is said to be available for all living beings, regardless of religious orientation. "Tirthankaras" are called "Jina" (victor), which means one who has conquered inner enemies such as anger, attachment, pride and greed. They are entirely free of all passions, and personal likes and dislikes. After attaining omniscience, they are free from eighteen imperfections like hunger, thirst, sleep etc. Meaning. The word "tirthankara" signifies the founder of a "tirtha" which means a fordable passage across the sea of repeated births and deaths (called "saṃsāra"). "Tirthankaras" are also called "Teaching Gods", "Ford-Makers", "Crossing Makers" and "Makers of the River-Crossing. "Tirthankara". The" tīrthaṅkara nama-karma", a special type of "karma "is mentioned in the Jain texts. Bondage of this karma raises a soul to the supreme status of a "Tīrthaṅkara". "Tattvartha Sutra", a major Jain text, list down sixteen observances which lead to the influx of this "karma"- "Panch Kalyanaka". Five auspicious events called, "Pañca kalyāṇaka" happen in the life of every "tirthankara": "Samavasarana". After attaining omniscience, a "tirthankara" preaches the path to liberation in the "samavasarana". According to Jain texts, the heavenly pavilion is erected by "devas" (heavenly beings) where "devas", humans and animals assemble to hear the "tirthankara". A "tirthankara's" speech is listened by all humans and animals in their own language. It is believed that during this speech, there is no unhappiness for miles around the site. "Tīrthaṅkaras" of present cosmic age. Jainism teaches that time has no beginning or end. It moves like the wheel of a cart. Jains divide the time cycle in two halves, "Utsarpiṇī" or ascending time cycle and "avasarpiṇī", the descending time cycle. 24 tirthankaras are born in each half of this cycle. In Jain tradition the "tirthankaras" were royal in their final lives, and Jain texts record details of their previous lives.   Twenty-one of the "tirthankaras" are said to have attained "moksha" in the "kayotsarga" (standing meditation posture), while Rishabhanatha, Neminatha and Mahavira are said to have attained moksha in the "Padmasana" (lotus position). List of the 24 tirthankaras. Present cosmic age. In chronological order, the names, emblems and colours of the 24 "tirthankaras" of this age are mentioned below: "Dhanuṣa" means "bow" and "hatha" means "hands". Palmiro Togliatti Palmiro Togliatti was an Italian politician. He was leader of the Italian Communist Party from 1927 until his death. Togliatti began his political life in the Italian Socialist Party. After World War I he created the Communist Party of Italy with others. In 1926 Benito Mussolini outlawed the party. Togliatti became the leader in exile. In 1943, the name was changed to the Italian Communist Party. In 1944 Togliatti returned to Italy. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage in Crimea. Keith Holyoake Sir Keith Jacka Holyoake, (; 11 February 1904 – 8 December 1983) was the 26th Prime Minister of New Zealand. He served for a brief period in 1957 and then from 1960 to 1972. He was also the 13th Governor-General of New Zealand, serving from 1977 to 1980. Holyoake was a Member of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council. He used the following Post-nominal letters: Gaafar Nimeiry Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry was the President of Sudan from 1969 to 1985. His name is also spelled Jaafar Nimeiry, Gaafar Nimeiry or Ga'far Muhammad Numayri. Nimeiry came to power after a military coup in 1969. In 1972 he signed the Addis Ababa Agreement, ending the First Sudanese Civil War. In 1983 he imposed Sharia law. This led to the Second Sudanese Civil War. He was removed from power in 1985. Nimeiry went into exile in Egypt. Alikovsky District Alikovsky District (; , "Elĕk rajonĕ") is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the northwestern central part of the republic and borders with Morgaushsky and Yadrinsky Districts in the north, Krasnoarmeysky District in the east, Vurnarsky and Shumerlinsky Districts in the south, and with Krasnochetaysky District in the west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a "selo") of Alikovo. Population: The population of Alikovo accounts for 14.5% of the district's total population. History. The district was formed on October 1, 1927. Economy. There is a construction plant in Alikovo. Transportation. The Cheboksary–Yadrin and the Cheboksary–Krasnye Chetay autoroute cross the territory of the district. Demographics. As of the 2002 Census, 98% of the population was Chuvash. Education. There is a middle school in Alikovo. Culture. There is a museum, a people's theater, a folk band, a veteran's orchestra, a school's brass band, and a chorus. Regional Chuvash music festival "Vir'yal shevlisem" (lit. "Viryal's pancakes") takes place in May of each year. Thirunallar Thirunallar is a small town in the district of Karaikal, Puducherry Union territory, India. It is on the banks of Noolaaru River and Vanchiaaru River in the north and the banks of Arasalar River in the south. Thirunallar is specially famous for the temple dedicated to Lord Shani, or Lord Saturn. The temple is named after him, Thirunallar Saniswaran temple. The main deity of the town is Lord Dharbharanyeshwarar, a form of Lord Shiva. The temple of this town is the only temple dedicated to Lord Shani in the whole world. Whenever Lord Saturn passes from one zodiac sign to the other (Sani Peyarchi), millions of people comes to Thirunallar for worshiping the lord. The Nala theertham or Nalan kulam is the temple tank of this temple, which is said to be washing away all misfortunes caused by karma. That is why Lord Shani is renowned as "the dispenser of Karma". Thirunallar is believed to be named for King Nala, the king of the country of Nishadha. Tirumalairayanpattinam Tirumalairayanpattinam is a census town in Karaikal district, Puducherry Union territory, India. This is also a religious town like the other main renowned towns in the Karaikal district. The town's name is often shortened to TR Pattinam. This town is on the banks of Thirumalairajanar River TR Pattinam is named after a king like the town of Thirunallar. Tirumalairayanpattinam is named after King Thirumalai Raja, who ruled this town from 1453 to 1468. At his time both the river and the town was named after him. But later the name of the town changed to Tirumalairayan pattinam. Transportation. TR Pattinam has its own railway station under the control of the Indian Railways. It is also well connected with the port city and the district headquarters, Karaikal. Germania Germania was a Roman name originally given to tribe of people who lived along the Rhine River. They were a Teutonic people, who were first mentioned in the 4th century BC. The Gauls changed it from a name for a people to the name for the territory. This was a vast forested wilderness to the north that Rome knew very little about. It ran from the west on the River "Rhenus" (Rhine) to the east and the Carpathian Mountains and the River Vistula. On the north it was bounded by the North Sea and on the south by the River Hister (Danube). Tribes. Germania Inferior. Germania was home to a very large number of Germanic and a few Celtic tribes. The northern provinces of Germania were called "Germania Inferior". Some of the tribes known to live here were the Menapii, Batavi, Condrusi, Atuataci and Eburones. Close to the Roman fortifications on the east side of the Rhine lived the Frisii, Chauci, Istavones, Sicambri, Marsii, Cattii, and Ubii tribes. The Ubii were friendly with the Romans and provided cavalry as well as guarded the border for the Romans. Germania Superior. "Germania Superior", or southern Germania was home to the Triboci, Rauraci (Celtic), Nemetes, Caeroesi, Sequani (Gallic) and Helvetii (Gallic) tribes. To the east of the Rhine and along the Danube lived the Marvingii, Varisci (also called Nariscii), Burgundians, Hermunduri, Suebi and the Cherusci tribes. Roman conquest. During the Gallic War, Julius Caesar ended the Germanic presence in Alsace by destroying Ariovistus. He built a bridge across the Rhine in 55 BC and entered Germania. He convinced the Suebi and other tribes not to interfere in Gaul, which was Roman territory. Other than venturing into Germania a second time in 53 BC and warring against several tribes, he left Germania alone. This established the Rhine as the boundary between Germania and Roman Gaul. From 49–45 BC, Caesar was occupied by the Civil War. He was then assassinated in 44 BC. The beginnings of the occupation of Germania by Rome was in 15 BC. The Foothills of the Alps were conquered during the reign of Augustus. This, together with the lands west of the Rhine conquered by Caesar became their foothold. The Romans attempted to bring under Roman rule the lands as far north as the River Elbe. In 7 AD Rome assumed Germania was under Roman rule when Publius Quinctilius Varus became governor of Roman occupied Germania. Since they were so powerful, the Romans did not count on any resistance from the German tribes. Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. In 9 AD Varus with three legions of top Roman troops, were moving up to a permanent base on the Rhine. There had been reports of a Rebellion by local tribes which Varus intended to deal with. Varis was confident that it would be easy to occupy Germany. He was a good administrator but not a soldier. While marching through the Teutoburg Forest, three crack legions of Rome’s army were caught in an ambush. For three days up to 30.000 Roman soldiers, their families and slaves were killed by the peoples they called barbarians. The battle was Rome's greatest defeat. Arminius, the German leader, understood both the strengths and weaknesses of the Roman army. He knew not to attack Roman legions in open battle. In the Teutoburg Forest he lured the 17th, 18th and 19th legions into an ambush. The battle was fought in several places during the encounter. Those who were not killed were taken captive. When Emperor Augustus heard the news he supposedly cried out "Quintilius Varus, give me back my legions!" The numbers XVII (17), XVIII (18) and XIX (19) were never again used as legion numbers. Germanicus was ordered to avenge the loss of the legions. In 14 AD he started the conquest of Germania again. However after two years he decided he had done enough to avenge Rome's great loss and returned to Rome. He left Germania to their own feuds. Arminius was murdered in 21 AD by relatives because of internal fighting. Paraguarí Department The Paraguarí department () is a department of Paraguay. The capital is the city of Paraguarí. Its code is PY-09. History. The territory of this department is in a valley formerly called "Yarigua'a" that was part of the mission of Jesuit priests during the colonization. At the end of the 16th century, the Franciscan missionaries founded the city of Yaguarón with Guarani people. More towns were founded on which today form part of this department: The department was created in 1935. In 1945, the old department of Quyyndy was made part of Paraguarí. Geography. The Paraguarí department is in the southwest of the "Oriental" region. It is one of the smallest of the departments of Paraguay, with an area of . It has a population of 239,633 for a population density of . Districts. The department is divided in 17 districts: Oswald the Lucky Rabbit Oswald the Lucky Rabbit is the first animal-based character made by Disney productions. In 1927, Universal Studios hired Disney studios to make him for "Alice Comedies". Universal Studios owned the character by law. According to Disney, Universal Studios named him "Oswald" by picking the name out of a hat. Oswald was called the lucky rabbit because of the idea of rabbits' feet being lucky. In his cartoons, Oswald would pull off his own foot, rub it for luck, and then put it back. Oswald is drawn with big eyes, big ears and shorts like the ones Mickey Mouse wears. When Disney separated from Universal Studios, the artists there made a new character called Mickey Mouse. Meanwhile, Universal used Oswald the Lucky Rabbit in comics in 1935 and in animated programs until 1943. Disney bought Oswald back in 2006. Disney put him in the video game "Epic Mickey" in 2010 for the Nintendo Wii Ataxia Ataxia is trouble with balance that is not caused by a person's muscles being weak. Instead, ataxia is caused by a neurological problem. Ataxia is not a diagnosis. It is a neurological sign. It is a sign of damage to the parts of the nervous system that control balance. There are three different types of ataxia. Each type has many possible causes. Types. Cerebellar ataxia. Cerebellar ataxia is ataxia that is caused by a problem with a person's cerebellum. The cerebellum is the part of the brain that controls balance and coordination. It makes the body move smoothly and controls movements like walking. People with cerebellar ataxia may have trouble with actions like these: Sensory ataxia. Sensory ataxia is caused by the loss of proprioception (knowing where parts of the body are). It is usually caused by damage to the parts of the spinal cord that carry information about proprioception to the brain. However, it can also be caused by damage to the parts of the brain that receive that information (the cerebellum, the thalamus, and the parietal lobes of the brain). A person with sensory ataxia may have these symptoms: Vestibular ataxia. Vestibular ataxia is caused by problems with the vestibular system. This is the body's main sensory system that controls balance and movement. It includes the inner ear. Along with balance problems, people with vestibular ataxia may have: Causes. There are many different causes of ataxia. The National Ataxia Foundation breaks up these causes into three categories: acquired, genetic, and idiopathic. Acquired ataxia. A person is not born with acquired ataxia. "Acquired" means that something happened during the person's life to cause the ataxia. Causes of acquired ataxia can include: Genetic (hereditary) ataxia. Genetic ataxia is caused by hereditary disorders that damage the cerebellum or spine. People are born with these disorders. In most cases, they get worse over time. Idiopathic ataxia. "Idiopathic" means that doctors cannot find a cause for a person's ataxia. Idiopathic ataxias often cause symptoms that come and go. Many doctors and scientists think these ataxias are caused by a combination of things inside the body (like gene problems) and things outside the body (like the things happening in a person's life). However, they are still researching the causes of idiopathic ataxias. Treatment. Ataxia can be treated. However, treatment usually does not make ataxia go away completely. Some treatments for ataxia include: A review of the management of degenerative ataxia was published in 2009. Some people with severe ataxia may need to use wheelchairs. Fátima Bernardes Fátima Bernardes (born September 17, 1962) is a Brazilian journalist and talk show host. She has worked at Rede Globo since 1987. In this television network she started to work in TV newscasts and became very famous. In 2011, she trended worldwide on Twitter after announcing her new professional phase as show host. Forbes has said Bernardes could become as popular as Oprah". San Felipe de Aconcagua Province San Felipe de Aconcagua Province () is one of eight provinces of the central Chilean region of Valparaíso (V). The city of San Felipe is the capital of the province. Geography. The San Felipe de Aconcagua province has an area of , the third largest province in the Valparaíso region; only the Petorca and Los Andes provinces are more large. San Felipe de Aconcagua is a landlocked province (it does not border the ocean) and is bordered on the north by the Petorca province, on the east by Argentina and the Los Andes province, to the south by the Santiago Metropolitan region, and to the west by the Quillota province. The main rivers of the province are the Aconcagua river and its right tributary, the Putaendo river. Population. (last national census), there were 131,911 people living in the province, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km². The largest city of the province is San Felipe, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 57,760 inhabitants. Other cities are Llaillay (16,215), Santa María (8,126) and Putaendo (7,214). Administration. As a province, San Felipe de Aconcagua is a second-level administrative division, consisting of six communes ("comunas"). The city of San Felipe serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor. 1926 Miami hurricane The 1926 Miami Hurricane (or the Great Miami Hurricane) was a very large and violent tropical cyclone. The hurricane caused a lot of damage in the Miami metropolitan area of southern Florida and in the Bahamas. The storm caused $78.5 million in damage to the United States. Estimates from 2010 put the damage at $165 billion, meaning the storm surpasses Katrina as the costliest U.S. hurricane. Between 372 and 540 deaths happened because of the hurricane. Miami metropolitan area The Miami metropolitan area is the metropolitan area including Miami and its nearby communities. As of 2015, there were more than six million inhabitants. This makes the Miami metropolitan area the most populous in Florida and the second-most populous in the Southeastern United States. The Miami metropolitan area includes Miami-Dade County, Broward and Palm Beach counties in southeastern Florida. This area is also called the Gold Coast. Cities in the Miami metropolitan area include Miami itself, Homestead, Hialeah and Miami Beach. Valparai Valparai is a town in the district of Coimbatore of Tamil Nadu. Valparai is 100 km away from the district headquarters Coimbatore. Areas in Valparai are mostly owned by private tea companies and large forest areas. It is a hill station, located 3500 feet(1100m) height above sea level on the Anaimalai Hills range of the Western Ghats. Earliest records say that in 1846 Ramasamy Mudaliar started a coffee plantation here. Later in 1864, the Karnatic coffee company started a coffee plantation in this area. In 1890, W.Wintil and Nordan bought this area from the Madras State Government (present Tamil Nadu) under the British Raj. Mr.Wintil deforested the forest areas in Valparai to cultivate tea and coffee. According to the 2011 census, Valparai has a population of 70,859 with sex ratio of 1013 per 1000 males and literacy rate 78.47%. 59.68% of the population consist of Scheduled Castes and 1.75% population of the Scheduled Tribes. Yanam district Yanam district is one of the four districts of the Union Territory of Puducherry. Yanam is a small territory of just 20 km2. It is in Andhra Pradesh. But Yanam district, Mahe district, Karaikal district and Puducherry district comes under Puducherry Union territory, as they were French colonies up to 1954. Yanam is surrounded by the district of East Godavari of Andhra Pradesh. Yanam district consists of 7 revenue villages and a town. Yanam is a town as well as the district headquarters. The other villages are Agraharam, Darialatippa, Farampeta, Guerempeta, Kanakalapeta, Kurasampeta and Mettakur. The total population of the district is just 55,616, roughly equal to the population of Greenland. Mahe district Mahe district is one of the four districts of Puducherry Union Territory. Mahe is the smallest district in India by size and sixth district in India with least population. Mahe is surrounded on three sides by Kannur district and a side by Kozhikode district, as it is located in Kerala state. Puducherry union territory consists of four unconnected districts. Mahe district has a very small area of just 8.69 sq.kms. The total population of the district is 41,934, roughly equal to Liechtenstein. The literacy rate of the district is 98.35%. The population density of Mahe district is 4659 inhabitants/1 square km and 12070 inhabitants/1 square miles. Vice President of India The Vice President of India is the second-highest constitutional official in India, after the President. Jagdeep Dhankhar is the current Vice-President of India.He defeated opposing candidate Margaret Alva in 2022 Indian vice presidential election. Article 63 of the Indian Constitution states that "there shall be a Vice-President". The person who holds the post of Vice-President acts as the President of India during the absence of the President due to resignation, death, impeachment and other reasons. The Vice President is also the Ex-officio Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha. The Vice-President is elected indirectly by members of an electoral college consisting of the members of both houses of the Parliament of India. The salary for the Vice-President is 125,000 Rupees. The present Vice President of India is Jagdeep Dhankhar since 2022. Chalumeau The chalumeau is the oldest form of the clarinet. It is the first true single reed instrument. The plural for chalumeau is chalumeaux. 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment The 54th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. They were nicknamed the "Swamp Angels". The regiment was one of the first official African-American units in the United States during the Civil War. Many African-Americans also had fought in the American Revolution and the War of 1812 on both sides. History. Creation. In March 1863, after the Emancipation Proclamation, Massachusetts Governor John A. Andrew gave his approval for the creation of the 54th Riegiment. The regiment was commanded (led) by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton had decided that white officers would be in charge of all "coloured" units. Andrew chose Robert Gould Shaw to be the regiment's colonel, and Norwood Penrose "Pen" Hallowell to be its lieutenant colonel. Many of the other officers in charge of the 54th Regiment were from abolitionist families. Governor Andrew chose several of them himself. White abolitionists (including Shaw's parents) recruited the soldiers for the unit. Training. The 54th trained at Camp Meigs in Readville near Boston. While training, the unit got a lot of support from abolitionists in Massachusetts, including Ralph Waldo Emerson. Supporters also donated things like warm clothing items, battle flags, and $500 for a regimental band to be set up and trained. Soon, more people were volunteering for the 54th than the regiment needed. Because of this, the medical exam that volunteers needed to pass to get into the 54th was very thorough. This meant that those who were accepted into the 54th were very strong and healthy. The Surgeon General of Massachusetts said about the 54th: "a more robust, strong and healthy set of men were never mustered into the service of the United States." On December 23, 1862, Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederate States of America, gave an order. This order said that if African-American soldiers or their white officers were captured while fighting for the Union, they would be put to death. In January 1863, the Confederate Congress made this order a law. This Confederate law said that if captured, both African-American soldiers and their white officers would be turned over to the states where the African-American soldiers had been slaves. Entering battle. Even so, the 54th left Boston with high morale (they felt good about serving in the 54th). After finishing their training, the regiment officially began serving in the United States military on May 13, 1863. They left Boston on May 28, with many supporters cheering them on. When they arrived in Beaufort, South Carolina, local blacks and Northern abolitionists greeted them and celebrated their arrival. In Beaufort, the 54th joined with the 2nd South Carolina Volunteers, a unit of ex-slaves from South Carolina led by James Montgomery. Montgomery led both units in a raid on the town of Darien, Georgia. The people who lived in the town had run away. Montgomery ordered the soldiers to loot and burn the empty town. Shaw argued against doing this, and made official complaints about his soldiers being ordered to burn and loot. Battles. The 54th fought in its first battle on July 16, on James Island, South Carolina. They were able to stop a Confederate attack. 45 members of the 54th were killed during this fight. Fort Wagner. The 54th became famous on July 18, 1863, when it led an attack on Fort Wagner near Charleston, South Carolina. 272 of the 600 men who charged Fort Wagner were "killed, wounded or captured." At this battle, Colonel Shaw was killed, along with 29 of his men. 24 more later died of wounds; 15 were captured; 52 were missing in action and never found; and 149 were hurt. In total, the 54th suffered 272 casualties during this battle. This was the highest number of casualties the 54th would ever see in a single battle during the war. Union forces were not able to take and hold control of Fort Wagner. However, the 54th was widely celebrated for its courage during the battle. This helped encourage more African-American people to join the Union Army, and encouraged Army commanders to use them in battles. This was a very important step in the Civil War. Later, President Abraham Lincoln said it helped the Union win the Civil War. Other battles. After Colonel Shaw died, Edward Hallowell became a Colonel and started leading the 54th. Under his command, the 54th fought in the Battle of Olustee. Then they were ordered to march to a train station. A train carrying wounded Union soldiers had broken down, and the wounded soldiers were in danger of being captured. When the 54th arrived, the men attached ropes to the train pulled the train by hand about to Camp Finnegan. There, they picked up horses to help pull the train. After that, the soldiers and horses pulled the train to Jacksonville, Florida. In all, the 54th pulled the train for a total of . This took forty-two hours. As part of an all-black brigade under Colonel Alfred S. Hartwell, the 54th unsuccessfully attacked entrenched Confederate militia at the November 1864 Battle of Honey Hill. In mid-April 1865, they fought at the Battle of Boykin's Mill, a small fight in South Carolina that was one of the last battles of the war. Pay controversy. When they joined the 54th, soldiers were promised that they would be paid the same as white soldiers: $13 a month (plus food and supplies). Instead, once they arrived in South Carolina, the 54th was told they would be paid only $7 a month ($10 with $3 taken out to pay for clothing. White soldiers did not pay for clothing at all.) Colonel Shaw and many others immediately began protesting this rule. The state of Massachusetts offered to make up the difference in pay. However, the entire regiment began to refuse to accept their pay on paydays as a form of protest. Refusing their lower pay became a point of honor for the men of the 54th. In fact, at the Battle of Olustee, when they were ordered to move forward to protect the other Union forces while they were retreating, the men moved forward shouting, "Massachusetts and Seven Dollars a Month!" On June 16, 1864, the United States Congress passed a law that would give full, equal pay to any soldiers who had been free men as of April 19, 1861. Not all the soldiers qualified; some had still been slaves at this time. Colonel Hallowell, a Quaker, decided that because he did not believe in slavery, he could have all the soldiers swear that they were free men on April 19, 1861. Before being given their back pay, the entire regiment was given what became known as "the Quaker oath". Colonel Hallowell carefully wrote the oath to say: "You do solemnly swear that you owed no man unrequited labor unpaid work on or before the 19th day of April 1861. So help you God". On September 28, 1864, the United States Congress took action to pay the men of the 54th. By this time, most of the men had served 18 months in the 54th. Typhoon Meranti Typhoon Meranti, also known in the Philippines as Typhoon Ferdie, was one of the strongest tropical cyclones on record. The storm struck the Philippines, Taiwan and mainland China. In terms of pressure, Meranti was the strongest typhoon since Typhoon Megi in 2010. It was also the strongest in terms of wind speeds since Typhoon Haiyan in 2013. Furthermore, it was the strongest tropical cyclone in 2016. The storm caused more than $2.6 billion in damage. It led to more than 30 deaths. San Felipe, Chile San Felipe ( Spanish for "St. Philip") is a Chilean city; it is the capital and main city of the San Felipe de Aconcagua province, Valparaíso region. History. San Felipe was founded on 3 August 1740 by José Antonio Manso, who conquered the Aconcagua Valley. The city was named, after the king Philip V of Spain (), as San Felipe el Real. Geography. The commune of San Felipe is in the valley of the Aconcagua river and has an area of . It is north of the national capital of Santiago and at about to the west of the Aconcagua, the highest mountain of the Americas. The commune is bordered on the north by the Putaendo commune, on the east by the Santa María commune, on the southeast by the Los Andes and Rinconada communes of the Los Andes province, on the south by the Panquehue commune, and on the west by the Catemu commune. The city of San Felipe is along the Aconcagua river, the main river of the province and of the Valparaíso region, near the point where the river is joined by the Putaendo river. Population. (last national census), there were 64,126 people living in the commune, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km². The city of San Felipe has an urban area of and a population, in 2002, of 53,017 inhabitants. Its inhabitants are called "Sanfelipeños" (women, "Sanfelipeñas"). Macmillan Cancer Support Macmillan Cancer Support is one of the largest British charities. It provides health care, information and financial support to people affected by cancer. As well as helping with the medical needs of people affected by cancer, Macmillan also looks at the social, emotional and practical impact cancer can have. Macmillan campaigns for better cancer care. Macmillan Cancer Support's goal is to reach and improve the lives of everyone living with cancer in the UK. They are one of Britain's top 1,000 charities. Conventional weapon Conventional weapons are those weapons that are not weapons of mass destruction. They can include weapons such as armoured fighting vehicles, armed helicopters, combat aircraft, artillery and warships. They can also include (but are not limited to) small arms, ammunition, cluster munitions and land mines. There is no single definition of conventional weapons. But they are the main weapons used in modern conventional warfare. UN Register of Conventional Arms. The United Nations set up the UN Register of Conventional Arms (UNROCA) in 1991. UN member nations add details of their imports and exports of conventional weapons. There are seven categories of conventional weapons in the register. Edward Gierek Edward Gierek (; 6 January 1913 – 29 July 2001) was a Polish communist politician. Gierek is known for opening communist Poland to Western influence. He made economic changes. For a time these changes helped Poland's economy stabilize. He modernized industry and increased access to products. Later the 1973 oil crisis made prices increase. Poland had many foreign debts. There were several revolts because of the economy. The Polish people were unhappy with Gierek and he was removed from power. Chiang Ching-kuo Chiang Ching-kuo (27 April 1910 – 13 January 1988) was a Taiwanese politician. He held numerous posts in the government of the Republic of China (ROC). Chiang Ching-kuo was the son of Chiang Kai-shek. He succeeded his father to serve as Premier of the Republic of China. He was the President of the Republic of China from 1978 until his death in 1988. Aconcagua River The Aconcagua River is a river that flows from east to west through the Valparaíso region in north central Chile and flows into the Pacific Ocean north of Valparaíso. Although it has the same name, the Aconcagua river does not starts in the slopes of Aconcagua, which is in Argentina about from the beginning of the river, in Chilean territory. Geography. The Aconcagua river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately . Course. The Aconcagua river starts on the Andes at an elevation of about , at the confluence of two rivers: From its start, the river flows through the Aconcagua valley. Before the city of Los Andes, the river is joined, as a right tributary, by the "Colorado" river, long, and then, after the city of San Felipe, by the "Putaendo" river, also a right tributary with a length of . The river keeps flowing to the west, running through the cities of La Calera and Quillota, in the Quillota province. Finally, the Aconcagua river flows in the Pacific Ocean at the city of Concón, in the Valparaíso province. Main tributaries. The main tributaries of the Aconcagua river are: Left tributaries: Right tributaries: Andrei Gromyko Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko was a Soviet statesman during the Cold War. He was responsible for many top decisions on Soviet foreign policy. Luis Carrero Blanco Luis Carrero Blanco, 1st Duke of Carrero Blanco, Grandee of Spain (4 March 1904 – 20 December 1973) was a Spanish admiral. He was a trusted associate of dictator Francisco Franco. He was assassinated by a member of ETA, a Basque group. Lon Nol Marshal Lon Nol (, also ; 13 November 1913 – 17 November 1985) was a Cambodian politician and military leader. He led a coup against Prince Norodom Sihanouk in 1970. Nol made himself President of the newly created Khmer Republic. The Khmer Rouge took leadership of Cambodia. Lon Nol fled from Cambodia to Indonesia and then to the United States. Hu Yaobang Hu Yaobang (20 November 1915 – 15 April 1989) was a Chinese politician and a high-ranking official of the People's Republic of China. Hu Yaobang was a political ally of Deng Xiaoping. They fought together in the Chinese Civil War. Both were part of the communist force that took power of Sichuan in 1949. Hu became the leader of the Communist Youth League from 1952–1966. During the Cultural Revolution, Hu Yaobang was said to not be true to the Communist Party of China and Mao Zedong. He was rehabilitated twice. He was an important supporter of Deng Xiaoping's rise to power. Hu Yaobang's death in 1989 was a cause for the Tiananmen Square protests. Gennady Yanayev Gennady Ivanovich Yanayev was a Soviet politician and the only vice president of the Soviet Union, serving from 1990 to 1991. Yanayev held several political positions. He served during the rules of Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Andropov and Chernenko. With the help of Mikhail Gorbachev, Yanayev was elected the first and only Vice President of the Soviet Union. He later led the "Gang of Eight" to depose Gorbachev. The coup ended after 3 days. Yanayev was arrested. In 1994 he was pardoned by the State Duma. Tinnitus Tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss and other hearing problems. It is described as hearing sound in the head or ears that does not come from an outside source. Many people will hear ringing, buzzing, hissing or whistling sounds, but tinnitus can be other sounds such as roaring and humming as well. Different people will hear different sounds from tinnitus but how they hear it can also be different. Tinnitus can be loud or quiet and it can be continuous or occasional and some people will not notice their tinnitus but some people become very annoyed from it, especially when then feel tired or stressed. There are many things that can cause people to get tinnitus. These are the main reasons: Treatments and therapies. People of different range of age can develop tinnitus. It is not a disorder but the symptom of some underlying health condition. People with tinnitus may take part in yoga, exercise regularly, perform sound therapies or join a tinnitus community . Playing a faint background noise in the background also helps in keeping the phantom noise at bay. Ernest Bevin Ernest Bevin was a British statesman, trade union leader, and Labour politician. Bevin strongly opposed Communism. He helped in the creation of NATO. Hellenistic period The Hellenistic period in Ancient Greece (323–146 BC) was the time period between the death of Alexander the Great when the generals of Alexander created their own empires and the Roman conquest of mainland Greece. During this era: Greek culture, art and power expanded all over the Eastern Mediterranean (including Anatolia, Egypt, the Levant and the Balkans). Of all the Hellenistic empires that were established, the Seleucid Empire was the largest. The Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt is the most famous and the longest lasting due to its famous Library of Alexandria and members like Cleopatra VII. Frankfurt Universe The Frankfurt Universe are a German American football team from Frankfurt, Hesse. The club was formed in 2007. Previously Frankfurt had the NFL Europa team Frankfurt Galaxy. In late 2014 the club announced that it had purchased the rights for the Galaxy name. Once again they played under the name Frankfurt Galaxy. In the official 2015 table of the German Football League however the team is still listed as Frankfurt Universe. It was renamed again as Frankfurt Universe in 2016. Starting in 2015 the team plays at Frankfurter Volksbank Stadion, home ground of association football team FSV Frankfurt. The team won the GFL 2 south in 2015 with a perfect season. They earned a promotion to the GFL after the eighth placed GFL team, the Franken Knights, withdrew from the promotion/relegation round. Honours. The team's honours: Arrondissements of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department There are 4 arrondissements in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into "arrondissements", which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into communes. The arrondissements of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence are: History. Since its creation, the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department has had few changes: Arrondissement of Barcelonnette The arrondissement of Barcelonnette is an arrondissement of France, in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Barcelonnette. History. When the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Barcelonnette was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Barcelonnette is in the northeast of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department. It is bordered to the northeast by Italy, to the southeast by the Alpes-Maritimes department, to the south by the Castellane and Digne-les-Baines "arrondissements" and to the west and north by the Hautes-Alpes department. The "arrondissement" of Barcelonnette is the smallest "arrondissement" of the department both in area, , and population (8,004 inhabitants). Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There is only one canton in the "arrondissement" of Barcelonnette, with all its communes in the "arrondissement": the canton of Barcelonnette . Communes. The "arrondissement" of Barcelonnette has 14 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Arrondissement of Castellane The arrondissement of Castellane is an arrondissement of France, in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Castellane. History. When the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Castellane was part of that original department. The "arrondissement" was eliminated in 1926 but became again an "arrondissement" in 1952. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Castellane is in eastern Alpes-de-Haute-Provence. It is bordered to the north by the "arrondissement" of Barcelonnette, to the east by the Alpes-Maritimes department, to the south by the Var department and to the west by the "arrondissement" of Digne-les-Bains. The "arrondissement" of Castellane is the second smallest "arrondissement" of the department, after the "arrondissement" of Barcelonnette, both in area, , and population (9,493 inhabitants). Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". There is only one canton in the "arrondissement" of Castellane, with all its communes in the "arrondissement": the canton of Castellane . Communes. The "arrondissement" of Castellane has 41 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains The arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains is an arrondissement of France, in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital, and prefecture of the department, is the city of Digne-les-Bains. History. When the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Digne-les-Bains was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Digne-les-Bains is in the central part of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department. It is bordered to the north by the "arrondissement" of Barcelonnette, to the east by the "arrondissement" of Castellane, to the south by the Var department and to the west by the "arrondissement" of Forcalquier. The "arrondissement" of Digne-les-Bains is the largest "arrondissement" of the department in area, , but the second in population (55,758 inhabitants), after the "arrondissement" of Forcalquier. Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Digne-les-Bains, there are 6 cantons and 4 of them with all their "communes" in the "arrondissement": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Digne-les-Bains has 46 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Conductive hearing loss Conductive hearing loss is one of the main types of hearing loss. It happens when sound is blocked from going through the outer and middle ear into the inner ear and will only make noises sound less loud. Most of the time, conductive hearing loss can be treated but how it is treated depends on the causes and is different for everyone. Arrondissement of Forcalquier The arrondissement of Forcalquier is an arrondissement of France in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Forcalquier. History. When the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department was created on 1800, the "arrondissement" of Forcalquier was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Forcalquier is the most western of the "arrondissements" of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department. It is bordered to the north by the Hautes-Alpes department, to the east by the "arrondissement" of Digne-les-Bains, to the south and west by the Vaucluse department and to the northwest by the Drôme department. The "arrondissement" of Forcalquier is the second largest "arrondissement" of the department in area, after the "arrondissement" of Digne-les-Bains, , but first in population (88,333 inhabitants). Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Forcalquier, there are 9 cantons and 7 of them with all their "communes" in the "arrondissement": Communes. The "arrondissement" of Forcalquier has 97 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: Sensorineural Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common and one of the main types of hearing loss. It is also known as "nerve deafness". Unlike the other main type of hearing loss - conductive hearing loss - sensorineural hearing loss is permanent. Not only does sensorineural hearing loss cause noise to sound quieter but also makes sound less clear. This makes listening when there is a lot of noise harder and also makes hearing other people talk harder. Causes. There are two parts of the ear that can be damaged to cause sensorineural hearing loss, either the cochlea or the hearing nerve. They do not both have to be damaged to cause hearing loss and can be caused by a number of different things. Treatment. Unlike conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss is permanent. There may be ways to cure it but these are very limited. There are however ways to treat it and make it better. Using hearing aids is the most popular way to treat this hearing loss. Hearing aids are not just able to make sound louder, which does not always help (because louder sound does not mean clearer sound) but can also reduce sounds that are not needed to hear other people talk while making speech louder. This is very helpful in making speech easier to understand. Helen Prejean Helen Prejean (born April 21, 1939 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana) is a Roman Catholic nun. She is a member of the Congregation of St. Joseph. She is a well-known activist against the death penalty in the United States. Early life and education. Helen Prejean was born to Augusta Mae (née Bourg; 1911–1993), a nurse, and Louis Sebastian Prejean (1893–1974), a lawyer. She joined the Sisters of Saint Joseph of Medaille in 1957. In 1962, she received a Bachelor of Arts in English and Education from St. Mary’s Dominican College in New Orleans, Louisiana. In 1973, she earned a Master of Arts in religious education from Saint Paul University in Ottawa, Canada. She has worked as: Death row ministry. Prejean began to work with prisoners on death row in 1981, in New Orleans, Louisiana. In 1982, a friend asked her to write to Elmo Patrick Sonnier, who was found guilty of murder and sentenced to death by electrocution. He was in prison in the Louisiana State Penitentiary. Prejean visited Sonnier in prison and agreed to be his spiritual adviser in the months leading up to his execution. Doing this made Prejean more aware of the process involved in executions. She began speaking out against the death penalty. At the same time, she also founded "Survive", an organization that counseled the families of victims of violence. Since 1982, Prejean has ministered to many other inmates on death row, and has witnessed several more executions. She served as National Chairperson of the National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty from 1993 to 1995. "Dead Man Walking". Prejean wrote a book called "Dead Man Walking" about her relationship with Sonnier and other inmates on death row. The book was made into a feature film, an opera, and a play. In the film, Susan Sarandon played Prejean, and won an Academy Award for Best Actress. Campaigns, book, and awards. In 1999, Prejean formed Moratorium 2000, a petition drive that eventually grew into a national education campaign, The Moratorium Campaign. The organization Witness to Innocence, a group of death row survivors who were convicted for crimes they did not commit, started under The Moratorium Campaign. Prejean published her second book, "The Death of Innocents: An Eyewitness Account of Wrongful Executions", in December 2004. In this book, she tells the story of two men, Dobie Gillis Williams and Joseph O'Dell, whom she accompanied to their executions. She believes that both men were innocent. The book also examines the recent history of death penalty decisions by the Supreme Court of the United States and looks at the track record of George W. Bush as Governor of Texas. In 1998, Prejean was given the Pacem in Terris Award. This award was named after a 1963 encyclical letter by Pope John XXIII that calls on all people of good will to make peace among all countries. "Pacem in terris" is Latin for "Peace on Earth." Prejean now bases her work at the Death Penalty Discourse Network in New Orleans, and spends her time giving talks across the United States and around the world. She and her sister, Mary Ann Antrobus, have been deeply involved at a center in Nicaragua called Friends of Batahola. Awards and recognition. Prejean has given commencement (graduation) addresses to more than 50 colleges and universities around the world. She has also won other awards, including these: Diosdado Macapagal Diosdado Pangan Macapagal Sr. (September 28, 1910 – April 21, 1997) was the ninth President of the Philippines. He is known for changing the country's Independence Day from July 4 to June 12. June 12 is the day President Emilio Aguinaldo declared independence of the First Philippine Republic from the Spanish Empire in 1898. He is the father of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who was the fourteenth President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010. Alain Poher Alain Émile Louis Marie Poher was a French politician. He was president of the French Senate from 3 October 1968 to 1 October 1992. Because of this he was interim President of France twice. Bishop, California Bishop is a city in Inyo County, California in the United States. Bishop is the only city in Inyo County. Bishop is in the Owens Valley. It was named after Bishop Creek, which comes from the Sierra Nevada mountains nearby. Bishop Creek was named after Samuel Addison Bishop, who moved to the Owens Valley. Bishop had 3,879 people in 2010. It is at an elevation of 4,150 feet (1,260 meters) above sea level. Noise-induced hearing loss Noise induced hearing loss (NHL) is hearing loss caused by sounds that are too loud (high decibel level) and damage hearing cells in the ear. This can make noises sound quieter as well as make noise less clear, it can also cause other hearing related symptoms such as tinnitus. NHL is permanent and cannot usually be restored. Most of the time, NHL happens after being around a lot of noise for long periods of time. Listening to loud music, city traffic or even things like a hair dryer for can damage hearing after a while. But NHL can also happen suddenly when close to an extremely loud sound. This can come from things like being close to an airplane or a gunshot. Signs of NHL. Hearing is a very important sense. It can be hard to notice hearing loss, especially if it happens over time instead of suddenly. Even if it is hard for a person experiencing it to notice, it will still have a large effect on their life. Not being able to hear a conversation when there is a lot of noise around is usually a good sign of hearing loss. Other people may sound like they are speaking softly or their speech may not be clear. Both of these can be signs of NHL. Similarly, having to ask people to repeat themselves and having to try very hard to hear people speak are also signs. Apart from not being able to hear very well when talking to other people, there are other signs of NHL such as tinnitus as well as some other diseases and medication. Preventing NHL. Since NHL causes permanent damage, knowing the signs and causes of it and preventing it early is the only way to keep hearing healthy. Treatment. Although NHL is permanent and most of the time cannot be cured, there are ways to manage it. The most common thing to do is use hearing aids. Hearing aids can help with hearing loss by making sound louder and speech clearer. They can also be customised by audiologists to suit almost any lifestyle and to suit the specific needs of different people. North Jeolla Province North Jeolla Province or Jeollabuk-do (전라북도; 全羅北道; Jeollabuk-do) is a province in the southwest of South Korea. The province was formed in 1896 from the north of Jeolla Province. Its provincial capital is Jeonju. History. During the Three Kingdoms of Korea period, the province was the center of Mahan, and Mahan became part of Baekje, one of the three Kingdoms. In the Unified Silla period, the towns of Wansan-ju (now Jeonju) and Namwon-gyeong (now Namwon) were started in the province. When King Seongjong of Goryeo divided the whole country into 10 "do"s, Jeolla-do was called Gangnam-do. Later, in the Joseon Dynasty, it was finally called Jeolla-do. Geography. Jeollabuk-do's area is 8,067 km² and it occupies 8.1% of South Korea. Religion. The province contains 6 cities and 8 counties. United Nations Secretariat The United Nations Secretariat is the executive body of the United Nations. It has the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. The head of the Secretariat is the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who is appointed by the United Nations General Assembly. Mohammad Hamid Ansari Mohammad Hamid Ansari (born 1 April 1937) is an Indian politician. He was the 12th Vice-President of India from 2007 through 2017. He is the first Vice President of India to be re-elected after Dr.Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. Hamid Ansari serves as the president of the Indian Institute of Public Administration. He is also the Chancellor of Panjab University, Chandigarh. Hamid Ansari was born in Calcutta(present Kolkata), West Bengal on 1 April 1937. He is the grand-nephew of former Congress president Mukthar Ahmad Ansari. Hamid started his career as Officer in Indian Foreign Service in 1961. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1984. Cashtown, Pennsylvania Cashtown is a census-designated place (CDP) in Franklin Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community was part of the Cashtown-McKnightstown CDP, until it was split into two separate CDPs for the 2010 census. As of 2010, the population of Cashtown was 459. History. During the American Civil War, Cashtown was occupied by the Confederate States Army twice. Once in October 1862 when Confederate cavalry led by General J.E.B. Stuart occupied the town briefly. On June 28, 1863, General Robert E. Lee had invaded Pennsylvania a second time and was on his way to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, the state capital. When he received word that the Union Army of the Potomac was coming, he ordered his divisions to assemble at Cashtown. On June 30 Confederate General Henry Heth had his divisions at Cashtown and sent a division to nearby Gettysburg to forage for supplies. Without any reconnaissance to see what was ahead of them, the Confederates into a Union cavalry commanded by General John Buford. This started the Battle of Gettysburg. Geography. Cashtown is northwest of Gettysburg in western Adams County. U.S. Route 30 bypasses the center of the community. It forms the northern edge of the CDP. Old U.S. 30, the original Lincoln Highway, is the main street of Cashtown. McKnightstown is to the east. Camp Curtin Camp Curtin was a military training camp in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, during the American Civil War. It was the largest Union Army training camp during the war. There was also a supply depot, hospital and prisoner-of-war camp. History. The news of the attack on Fort Sumter reached Washington, D.C. on April 14, 1861. President Abraham Lincoln called for 75,000 militiamen to serve for 90 days. These men were needed to put down the rebellion of the Southern states. In meetings across the North people cheered the flag and called those who seceded "traitors"! Across the North, eager volunteers responded to calls from local governmental officials to join newly raised state regiments. Governor Andrew Curtin of Pennsylvania issued a proclamation asking for 13,000 able-bodied Pennsylvania men to volunteer to help preserve the Union. Within three days, thousands of men had come to Harrisburg to enlist. But they had no place to organize or drill. Governor Curtin decided to use the County Agricultural Society in Harrisburg. Major Joseph F. Knipe officially opened the camp on April 18, 1861, and named it Camp Curtin in honor of the governor (the planned name had been Camp Union). By the end of April, it had sent 25 regiments into the field. From December 1861 to March 1862, the camp was commanded by Major Truman Seymour. In June and July of 1863, General Robert E. Lee invaded Pennsylvania for a second time. His target was Harrisburg and Camp Curtin. However, before he could get there, an accidental meeting between Confederate and Union troops started the Battle of Gettysburg. After the battle Lee's army retreated back to Virginia. The camp. Over 300,000 soldiers passed through Camp Curtin, making it the largest army training camp during the Civil War. Harrisburg's location on major railroad lines running east and west, and north and south. This made it a very good location for moving men and supplies to the armies in the field. In addition to the Regular Army and Pennsylvania regiments, troops from Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Ohio and Wisconsin used Camp Curtin. The camp and surrounding area also saw service as a supply depot. There was a hospital as well as a Confederate prisoner-of-war camp. At the end of the war, Camp Curtin was used as a mustering-out point for thousands of troops on their way home. It was officially closed on November 11, 1865. Aiguille de Chambeyron Aiguille de Chambeyron is a French mountain near the border with Italy, just west of the main chain of the Alps that separates the basin of the Rhône river, to the west, and the basin of the Po river, to the east. It is the highest peak in the Alps south of Monte Viso. Geography. Aiguille de Chambeyron is in the northeast of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department (commune of Saint-Paul-sur-Ubaye), Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in southeast France. With an elevation of above sea level, it is the highest point of the department and of the historical region of Provence. The mountain is in the "Chambeyron Massif" of the Cottian Alps. It has two summits, with the west one being the slightly higher. On the north side of the mountain are 2 small and quite dead glaciers, filled with rocks: "Chauvet" Glacier and "Marinet" Glacier. Geologie. The lower part of the mountain is made of Triassic limestone but the highest part is made of Jurassic limestone (more solid). History. The first recorded ascension of the peak was made by W.A.B. Coolidge, a mountain climber from United States, and Christian Almer and his son, from Switzerland, in 1879. Route. The more easy climbing route is by the south side of the mountain, from the Chambeyron Hut, a place where is possible to eat and with beds, at an altitude of . The route to the Chambeyron Hut is, starting from the city of Barcelonette: Barcelonette > Jausier > La Condamine-Châtelard > Saint-Paul-sur-Ubaye » Fouillouse » Chambeyron Hut It is possible to get to the hamlet of Fouillouse by car; here there is parking lot. American Civil War Corps Badges Corps badges in the American Civil War were originally worn by soldiers of the Union Army on the top of their army forage cap, left side of the hat, or over their left chest pocket. The idea was suggested by Major Geneneral Philip Kearny. During a battle he reprimanded officers that turned out to not be under his command. To prevent that from happening again, he ordered the men in his division to sew a square of red cloth on their hats. This idea was adopted by Major General Joseph Hooker after he assumed command of the Army of the Potomac. This was so any soldier could be identified at a distance. Corps badges. Maj. Gen. Daniel Butterfield, Hooker's chief of staff, was assigned the task of designing a distinctive shape for each corps badge. Butterfield also decided that each division in the corps should have a variation of the corps badge in a different color. Division badges were colored as follows: These were used in the United States' Army of the Potomac. These rules were adopted by other Union Armies, however it was not universal. For example, the XIII Corps never adopted a badge. Also, the XIX Corps had the first division wear a red badge, the second division wear a blue badge, and the third division wear white. For Army corps that had more than three divisions, the standardization was lost: The badges for enlisted men were cut from colored cloth. Officer's badges were privately made and of a higher quality. Metallic badges were often made by jewelers and were personalized for the user. The badges eventually became part of the Army regulations and a great source of regimental pride. XIX XX XXI XXII XXIII XXIV XXV Cavalry corps Corps flags, other Union armies. XIII Corps, Army of the Tennessee. No badge was designated for the XIII Corps. Brigade badges. I Corps, Army of the Potomac Jeh Johnson Jeh Charles Johnson (born September 11, 1957) is an American civil and criminal trial lawyer. He was born in New York City. He was the United States Secretary of Homeland Security. He was the General Counsel of the Department of Defense from 2009 to 2012 during the first Obama Administration. He completed a Bachelor of Arts degree at Morehouse College (B.A.) and law at Columbia Law School (J.D.). he is the grandson of sociologist and Fisk University president Dr. Charles S. Johnson. Johnson's first name is taken from a Liberian chief, who reportedly saved his grandfather’s life while he was on a League of Nations mission to Liberia in 1930. Immigration Act of 1917 The Immigration Act of 1917 (also called the Literacy Act and the Asiatic Barred Zone Act) was a United States law to stop certain types of people from moving to the US to live. It was the first law to try and restrict immigration, rather than try to control it. People wanting to immigrate had to pass literacy tests. The law also created new categories of people who would not be allowed to immigrate. People from much of Asia were prevented from immigrating. The Immigration Act of 1924 made more restrictions. The laws stayed in place until changed by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (the McCarran–Walter Act). Durance The Durance () is a river in southeastern France, a left tributary of the Rhône river. It is the longest river in Metropolitan France without a department named after it. Geography. The Durance river has a length of and a drainage basin with an area of approximately . Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is at Saint-Paul-lès-Durance in the Bouches-du-Rhône department at an altitude of , for a period of 95 years. Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Saint-Paul-lès-Durance Course. The Durance starts in the "pré de Gondran" ("meadow of Gondran"), on the east side of the "Sommet des Anges" mountain, in the "commune" of Montgenèvre (a ski resort near Briançon), Hautes-Alpes department, at an elevation of about . It then flows to the southwest through the departments of Hautes-Alpes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Vaucluse and Bouches-du-Rhône. Finally, the river flows into the Rhône river, as a left tributary, south of the city of Avignon. The Durance only flows through two departments: Hautes-Alpes and Alpes-de-Haute-Provence; it forms the border between two other departments but it does not flow through them: Vaucluse and Bouches-du-Rhône. It flows through the Var department only for a short distance. It flows through the following communes, among others: Main tributaries. The main tributaries of the Durance river are: Left tributaries: Right tributaries: Bhatgaon, Raipur Bhatgaon is a town in the Sarangarh Bhatgaon district of Chhattisgarh, India. Location. The National Highway 200 passes through Bhatgaon. The nearest airport is Raipur Airport. The nearest railway station is at Champa. Bhatgaon Population Census 2011 - 2020. Overview. Bhatgaon is a Nagar Panchayat city in district of Balodabazar, Chhattisgarh. The Bhatgaon city is divided into 15 wards for which elections are held every 5 years. The Bhatgaon Nagar Panchayat has population of 10,371 of which 5,131 are males while 5,240 are females as per report released by Census India 2011.Population of Children with age of 0-6 is 1356 which is 13.07% of total population of Bhatgaon (NP). In Bhatgaon Nagar Panchayat, Female Sex Ratio is of 1021 against state average of 991. Moreover Child Sex Ratio in Bhatgaon is around 965 compared to Chhattisgarh state average of 969. Literacy rate of Bhatgaon city is 75.97% higher than state average of 70.28%. In Bhatgaon, Male literacy is around 86.80% while female literacy rate is 65.46%.Bhatgaon Nagar Panchayat has total administration over 2,224 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorize to build roads within Nagar Panchayat limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction. Agender Agender describes a person with no gender identity. It means that someone does not feel like they fall under any gender. "A-" is a prefix that means 'no' or 'none.' An agender person feels like as if they are neither a male nor a female. Agender is also referred to as "genderless", "genderqueer", or "ungendered". Some people who identify themselves as agender may also identify themselves as transgender. However, some don't, as some feel this implies that they identify as a gender other than their assigned gender at birth, and prefers to stick with "agender." Agender may be seen as a non-binary gender, or as a statement of not having a gender identity at all. Some Agender people more also (but not necessarily) experience gender dysphoria if they are unable to express their identity as something they're comfortable with. A majority of agender people prefer "they/them" as their pronouns, however, some agender people prefer unique pronouns such as "xe/xer" or "ze/zem", known as neopronouns, others can use conventional pronouns, such as he/him or she/her, or uncommon pronouns, such as /one's or it/its. Some agender people wish to change their bodies to feel more comfortable, while other don't and prefer to stick with the body they already have. Despite identifying as not having a gender, Agender individuals can still identify under any sexuality, and should not be confused with asexuality. Omar Torrijos Omar Efrain Torrijos Herrera (Feb 13, 1929 – July 31, 1981) was leader of Panama from 1968 to 1981, when he died in a plane crash. He is more commonly known as Omar Torrijos. Torrijos was the Commander of the Military of Panama. Even though Panama had a President, Torrijos was the leader. He is best known for making a treaty to give Panama full control of the Panama Canal. His son Martín Torrijos was elected president and served from 2004 to 2009. Anatoly Dobrynin Anatoly Fyodorovich Dobrynin was a Russian statesman and a Soviet diplomat. He was the Soviet Ambassador to the United States. He served during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Dobrynin worked with 6 American presidents. He was well liked in the United States. Enrico Berlinguer Enrico Berlinguer (1922 - 1984) was an Italian politician. He was national secretary of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) from 1972 until his death. Berlinguer was considered the most popular leader of the PCI. He is known for lessening the influence of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in Italy. Berlinguer was an atheist. Oosterscheldekering Oosterscheldekering is a dam and storm surge barrier between the islands Schouwen-Duiveland and Noord-Beveland. It is the largest of the 13 ambitious Delta Works made to protect the Netherlands from flooding from the North Sea. Shem And Eber Cave Shem And Eber Cave (in Hebrew: Shem and Ever) is one of the sacred Jewish sites of Safed. the cave was sacred to the three monotheistic religions throughout history and located in the Old City of Safed. according to Jewish tradition in this cave - "Shem" the son of Noah and Eber was established a Beth midrash that Jacob was learning the Torah. Pasquotank County, North Carolina Pasquotank County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 40,661. Its county seat is Elizabeth City. The county was originally created as Pasquotank Precinct and gained county status in 1739. Pasquotank County is part of the Elizabeth City, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Virginia Beach-Norfolk, VA-NC Combined Statistical Area. Pasquotank is the birth county of Nikita Pavlunenko. Ichirō Hatoyama Ichirō Hatoyama was a Japanese politician. He was Prime Minister of Japan three times. Nobusuke Kishi Nobusuke Kishi was a Japanese politician. He was Prime Minister of Japan two times. Kishi was the grandfather of former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and the current Japanese Minister of Defense Nobuo Kishi, and the father-in-law of former Japanese Foreign Minister Shintaro Abe. Camden, North Carolina Camden is an town in Camden County, North Carolina, United States. It is the county seat of Camden County, a consolidated city-county. As of the 2010 census, the Camden had a population of 599 Camden is located on the eastern banks of the Pasquotank River, across from which lies Elizabeth City. It currently has two traffic lights, and is centered at the intersection of U.S. Highway 158 and North Carolina Highway 343. It boasts five schools: Grandy Primary School, Camden Intermediate School, Camden Middle School, Camden County High, and CamTech High School. Camden is part of the Elizabeth City, North Carolina Micropolitan Statistical Area. The Camden County Courthouse, Camden County Jail, Lamb-Ferebee House, and Milford are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Camden is the original home city of Nikita Pavlunenko. Hearing test A hearing test is a check for a person's sense of hearing to measure what kind of sounds they can hear and if they have any hearing loss. There are many types of hearing tests used to understand different things about a person's hearing. Hearing tests are also different for adults and children as well. It is mainly audiologists that do hearing tests and they will know what kind of hearing test a patient needs. Types of hearing tests. Since hearing loss does not always only make sound quieter and may make sound less clear too, there are many different hearing tests to use to understand what kind of hearing loss a person has. Audiologist An audiologist is a health professional in hearing and other auditory problems such as tinnitus and balance. Role of an audiologist. The role of an audiologist is to diagnose and treat hearing problems, minimising the impact these problems have on the lives of their patients. Audiologists will provide help that is customised to each patient to help them be able to communicate with the world around them. In order to treat hearing problems, they must first be identified. Audiologists do tests and hearing checks on patients to measure and understand the type of help they will need. With the information they gain from these tests, audiologists can advise patients about their hearing health and recommend any treatment that they might need. If treatment such as hearing aids are needed for a patient, the audiologist will be able to help make the solution the best suited to the patient by customising the treatment depending on what the patient needs. This includes helping to find a suitable hearing aid, fitting it and programming it and maintaining it. This applies to other recommended treatment as well. Although treatment and help to lessen the effects of hearing problems are a main focus of an audiologist, they also have the role of educating and teaching patients as well as the public. How to prevent hearing loss as well as how to protect hearing are usually the main focus of what an audiologist teaches and may be done through presentations in schools, in workplaces and to the community. It is important for audiologists to educate the public about hearing loss and how important hearing health is as well as how audiologists are able to help. Audiologists treat all ages and types of hearing loss. Workplace. The hearing services of an audiologist are used in many different settings but most work in health care. In health care, they are focused on the main role of an audiologist which is providing hearing health care services including testing for hearing loss and recommending treatment. Many audiologists can be found working with patients in hospitals, medical centers, private practices and in nursing homes. Another workplace for audiologists is in education, which is another important role that they perform. They may be working in schools, in universities or even day care centers in order to educate students about hearing loss and prevention. These professionals understand the effect that hearing loss can have on a student's learning and can work with schools to recommend strategies to help build a more supportive environment for students. While they may be more focused on education, these audiologists are still also able to do hearing tests and checks on students and help them find the best solutions for their hearing problems. Other workplaces for an audiologist include work with the government and work in research. Safed Old Jewish Cemetery The Safed Old Jewish Cemetery is one of the oldest cemeteries in Israel. The cemetery has been used for hundreds of years as a burial place, including important people and important Jewish religious leaders. The cemetery is located along the western slope of Safed on the slope of Mount Canaan near the Amud River. The New Cemetery. The New Safed Cemetery is located under the Safed Old Jewish Cemetery. Rabbi Isaac Luria Mikveh. In the entrance to the cemetery is the ancient Mikveh that was used for the Rabbi Isaac Luria. His grave is located nearby. The Military Cemetery. The Military Cemetery of Safed that was used from 1948 is located to the north of the Safed Old Jewish Cemetery. The Central Monument to the Olei Hagardom. The Central Monument to the Olei Hagardom is located on the slope of Mount Canaan under the Military Cemetery. Tiberias Ancient Jewish Cemetery The Tiberias Ancient Jewish Cemetery is one of the oldest cemeteries in Israel. It has been used for thousands of years as a burial place for many people, including prominent figures of importance to Jewish heritage. It was closed in the 1990's. The cemetery is located along the eastern slope of Mount Berenice and near the Sea of Galilee. The Tomb of Rachel, Rabbi Akiva's wife, is an ancient tomb building located in the western part of the cemetery. State school State schools usually mean primary or secondary schools which educate children without charge. They are funded in whole or part by taxation. The term may also refer to public institutions of post-secondary education. State schools have to follow the national curriculum for their country. State schools may be called public schools outside of England and Wales. By region or country. United States. In the United States, "state school" is colloquial for state university, a college, or a university in a state university system. "Public school" is used for elementary, middle, or high schools that get their money from the government or are run by the government. "Private school" is used for schools that do not get their money from the government, nor are they run by the government. Ñeembucú The Ñeembucú department () is a department of Paraguay. The capital is the city of Pilar. Its code is PY-12. The department is almost entirely rural, and there are some of the oldest and best-preserved Jesuit ruins, which are located near the town of Humaitá. Geography. The Ñeembucú department is in the southwest of the "Oriental" region. It has an area of . It is the department with fewest people living in it, with a population of 84,123 for a population density of . Climate. , the total amount of precipitation for the year 2012 in the city of Pilar was . The month with the most precipitation was February with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation was August with . The average temperature for the year 2012 in Pilar was . The warmest month, on average, was January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of . Districts. The department is divided in 16 districts: Wohlen bei Bern Wohlen bei Bern is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is made of 12 villages: Hinterkappelen, Illiswil, Innerberg, Möriswil, Murzelen, Oberdettigen, Säriswil, Steinisweg, Uettligen, Unterdettigen, Weissenstein and Wickacker. Wolfisberg Wolfisberg was a municipality in Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020, Wolfisberg became part of Niederbipp. Worb Worb is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Worben Worben is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Wynau Wynau is a municipality of the administrative district Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Pontiac (Ottawa leader) Pontiac (c. 1720 – April 20, 1769) was a war chief. He became known for his role in Pontiac's War (1763–1766), an American Indian war against British military near the Great Lakes region and named for him.  Historians today generally view him as an important local leader who influenced a wider movement that he did not command. The war began in May 1763 when Pontiac and 300 followers attempted to take Fort Detroit by surprise but their plan was foiled. He gained confidence as he continued to go against the British. British officials made Pontiac the focus of their diplomatic efforts seeking to end the war. Pontiac was killed on April 20, 1769. Wynigen Wynigen is a municipality of the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Los Andes, Chile Los Andes is a Chilean commune and city; it is the capital and main city of the Los Andes province, in the Valparaíso region. History. Los Andes was founded in July 31, 1791 as Villa Santa Rosa de Los Andes by Ambrosio O'Higgins, Governor of Chile, in a place called "Las Piedras Paradas" ("The Standing Stones"). The town was named after Saint Rose of Lima, the first Catholic saint of the Americas. Geography. The commune of Los Andes is in the upper part of the valley of the Aconcagua river, at and altitude of above sea level. The commune has an area of . It is at from San Felipe, at from the national capital of Santiago and at from Valparaíso, the capital of the region. The commune is bordered on the north and northeast by the San Esteban commune, on the east by Argentina, on the south by the Calle Larga commune, on the southwest by the Rinconada commune and on the west and northwest by the San Felipe commune. The city of San Felipe is along the Aconcagua river, the main river of the province and of the Valparaíso region. Population. (last national census), there were 60,198 people living in the commune, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km². The city of Los Andes has an urban area of and a population, in 2002, of 55,127 inhabitants. Its inhabitants are called "Andinos" (women, "Andinas"). Hayato Ikeda Hayato Ikeda was a Japanese politician. He was Prime Minister of Japan 3 times. In 1960 Ikeda made a plan called the "Income Doubling Plan". The plan would use construction to double the economy of Japan. Marcelo Caetano Marcello José das Neves Alves Caetano (; 17 August 1906 – 26 October 1980) was a Portuguese politician. He had many important positions in the government. In 1968 he became prime minister. In 1974 the military took leadership of Portugal in the Carnation Revolution. Caetano was removed from his position. Álvaro Cunhal Álvaro Barreirinhas Cunhal (; 10 November 1913 – 13 June 2005) was a Portuguese politician. He was secretary-general of the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) from 1961 to 1992. He strongly supported the Soviet Union. San Antonio Province San Antonio Province () is one of eight provinces of the central Chilean region of Valparaíso (V). The port city of San Antonio is the capital of the province. Geography. The San Antonio province has an area of , the third smallest province in the Valparaíso region; only the Quillota and Marga Marga provinces are smaller. The San Antonio province is on the coast along the Pacific Ocean and is bordered on the north by the Casablanca commune (Valparaíso province), on the east by the Melipilla commune (Santiago Metropolitan region), to the south with the Navidad commune (Cardenal Caro province, O'Higgins region), and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. The San Antonio valley is a small region where wine is produced. It is very close to the sea around the city of San Antonio, at only west of Santiago. Population. (last national census), there were 136,594 people living in the province, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km². The largest city of the province is San Antonio, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 87,205 inhabitants. Administration. As a province, San Antonio is a second-level administrative division, consisting of six communes ("comunas"). The city of San Antonio serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor. San Antonio, Chile San Antonio is a Chilean commune and city; it is the capital and main city of the San Antonio province, in the Valparaíso region. It is one of the most important seaport of Chile. The city is named after Saint Anthony (). Geography. The city of San Antonio is just to north of the mouth of the Maipo, on small hills and dunes near the coast of central Chile, at and altitude of above sea level. The commune has an area of . It is at about south of Valparaíso, the capital of the region. San Antonio is bordered on the north and northeast by the commune of San Esteban; on the east, by the commune of Melipilla and the Maipo river; on the south, by the same river and by the communes of Santo Domingo and San Pedro; and on the west, by the Pacific Ocean. Population. (last national census), there were 87,205 people living in the commune, giving it a population density of inhabitants/km². The city of San Antonio has an urban area of and a population, in 2002, of 83,435 inhabitants. San Antonio and several cities around it form a greater space, the Greater (or Conurbation) San Antonio. Salgueiro Maia Fernando José Salgueiro Maia was a captain of the Portuguese army. His actions helped the Carnation Revolution remain peaceful. Black Lives Matter Black Lives Matter (BLM) is an international activist group. They originated in the African-American community. They are against violence and systemic racism by white police officers towards black people. History. The movement began in 2013 with the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter on social media. It started after the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the death of Trayvon Martin. It became famous for street demonstrations following the deaths of Michael Brown and Eric Garner. The former sparked riots and unrest in Ferguson, Missouri. The latter led to protests all over the United States. After the Ferguson protests, participants in Black Lives Matter demonstrated against other African-Americans' deaths, such as Freddie Gray, Sandra Bland, Laquan McDonald, Philando Castile and Alton Sterling. In 2020, during the George Floyd Protests, Black Lives Matter became much more widely accepted. Black Lives Matter filed a lawsuit against the police department of Seattle, Washington for violence against protesters. "It's now something where the Mitt Romneys of the world can join in, and that was something unimaginable back in 2014," said Justin Hansford, executive director of Howard University's Thurgood Marshall Civil Rights Center. "That is the result of six years of hard work by people who are in the movement and have put forward so many discussions that really changed people’s hearts and minds." Hansford was also an activist in Ferguson. Criticism. The movement has also been criticized. In the New York Times, Deroy Murdock asked about the true number of black people killed by police, and about the way the BLM movement reported these killings. He wrote: "But the notion that America’s cops simply are gunning down innocent black people is one of today's biggest and deadliest lies". Some of the black leaders of the American civil rights movement criticized the tactics of the BLM movement. Glenn Loury, a professor for economics, warned about focusing on police violence against black people; the other side would only use this to compile statistics; in these statistics black people will be overrepresented. According to Loury, it would be better to reform social structures, so that people could benefit, irrespective of skin color. One of the examples he gave was early-age education. Rabi crops Rabi crops are grown in the winter and harvested in the spring in the South Asia. The word means spring in the Arabic language. Overview. It is also called rabi harvest and spring harvest (also known as winter crop). The rabi crops are sown around mid-November, after the monsoon rains are over, and harvesting begins in April/May. The crops are grown either with rainwater that has percolated into the ground, or with irrigation. A good rain in winter spoils the rabi crop but is good for kharif crops. Normally wheat barley, mustard, sesame and peas are grown in india. Peas are harvested early, as they are ready early: Indian markets are flooded with green peas from January to March, peaking in February. Some of the example are: Death of Freddie Gray On April 12, 2015, Freddie Carlos Gray, Jr (August 16, 1989 – April 19, 2015), a 25 year old African-American man from Baltimore, Maryland, was arrested by the Baltimore Police Department for having what police thought was an illegal switchblade. While being transported in a police van, Gray fell into a coma and had to be taken to a local trauma center as a result of the officers not securing him in the van. Gray later died resulting from injuries to his spinal cord. Six Baltimore police officers were suspended with pay. Gray's hospitalization and death resulted in protests and riots in downtown Baltimore starting on April 25. There were multiple arrests and 15 police officers were injured. On April 27, following Gray's funeral, civil disorder intensified with the looting and burning of local businesses, and a CVS Pharmacy. Rizal Park Rizal Park (Liwasang Park in Tagalog) is a historical urban park in the Philippines. It is one of the largest urban parks in Asia. The park is also known as Luneta National Park or simply Luneta. Presidency of Abraham Lincoln The presidency of Abraham Lincoln began when he took office as the 16th President of the United States on March 4, 1861. It ended with his death on April 15, 1865. During his presidency he claimed more prerogatives than any other president had done before him. As a result, the small and relatively limited powers of the president grew enormously during his time in office. When Lincoln won the 1860 presidential election, he did it without the support of any of the Southern states. Since the 1830s, Southern states had talked about secession, but it became a serious issue in 1860. Between the election and Lincoln's Inauguration in March of 1861, seven states had seceded from the Union. They formed the Confederate States of America (CSA). When Confederates attacked Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861 and captured it the next day, this started the American Civil War. While having little previous military experience, Lincoln still managed to stand out as a great war president. In 1863, his Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves in Southern states. It led directly to the abolition of slavery in the United States. Given later that year, his Gettysburg Address is and remains one of the most important speeches in American history. In 1865, as the Civil war was ending he was shot and killed by John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer. His death made Lincoln a martyr to the Union cause. He is widely recognized as the greatest president in U.S. history. Lincoln's 1860 presidential campaign. By this time Lincoln was well-known in Illinois politics. In 1858 he had debated Stephen A. Douglas in a bid for the United States Senate and lost. At the time, U.S. senators were elected by their state legislatures. So both Lincoln and Douglas were trying for their respective parties to win control of the Illinois legislature. Although Illinois was a free state, the main issue of all seven debates was slavery. Lincoln spent the next 16 months making speeches for a number of Republican candidates in the North. This both made him many political friends and also was in for his run for President. Up to this time the strongest candidate was William H. Seward of New York. Seward was strongly opposed to slavery anywhere in the U.S. Lincoln took a more moderate view and was opposed to the spread of slavery in new states to the West. As Lincoln became more popular in the newly-formed Republican Party he was invited to give speeches in a number of states. In October of 1859, he was invited to speak at Henry Ward Beecher's church in Brooklyn, New York. Lincoln spent months preparing for this speech; more time than he had spent on any speech he had given during the senatorial debates. At the last minute, the site for his speech was moved to the Cooper Union in Manhattan. Lincoln knew why he had been asked to give the address. He was being promoted as an alternative to Seward and other possible Republican candidates. The Cooper Union address got Lincoln the attention he needed to become the Republican candidate for president in 1860. In April 1860, the Democrats held their political convention, the Southern Democrats walked out and the convention closed without nominating a candidate. The two sides each held their own conventions two months later. Stephen Douglas was the candidate of the Northern Democrats. John C. Breckinridge ran for the Southern Democrats. John Bell, the Senator from Tennessee, ran for the Constitutional Union Party. The split in the Democratic party almost guaranteed Lincoln could win the presidency. At the beginning of 1860, Lincoln was not a major candidate for President. On November6, 1860, with 39% of the popular vote and a majority in the Electoral College, Lincoln was elected President. Voter turnout for the election was 81.2%, the second highest in American history. Secession crisis of 1860–1861. In November of 1860, with Lincoln the apparent winner, a crisis that had been smoldering for at least a decade erupted. Southerners were outraged by the election of Lincoln, who opposed slavery in territories and new states. They began to act almost immediately. James Chesnut, Jr., Senator from South Carolina, resigned just four days after the election. President James Buchanan only made things worse. In December, he wrote a message to Congress. In it he stated he thought secession was illegal. But he added that the federal government could not act to stop any states from leaving the Union. Northerners could not understand how Buchanan could say such a thing. After that, Buchanan's cabinet began falling apart. Howell Cobb, the Secretary of the Treasury who was from Georgia, told Buchanan he quit. A week later, Lewis Cass, the Secretary of State (from Michigan) left because Buchanan had done nothing to stop the secession crisis. South Carolina was the first to take action. Leaders there had warned that if a Republican won the 1868 election, they would leave the Union. On December 20, 1860 in a special convention, they passed a unanimous resolution to secede. In January of 1861 they were followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia and Louisiana. Texas seceded on February 1. While resolutions for secession were prepared in other states, no more were passed during this period. While Buchanan did nothing, several senators made speeches in Congress trying to calm things down. The Peace Conference of 1861 was held at the Willard Hotel in Washington on February 4, 1861. Of the 33 states, 21 sent delegates. Former President John Tyler, a native of Virginia, was elected the presiding officer. The convention lasted for about two weeks. During that time a number of proposals were created that were then delivered to Congress. A number of compromises were worked out that would take the form of proposed amendments to the United States Constitution. But none were passed by Congress. At Lincoln's inauguration, he rode in a carriage beside the outgoing president. Buchanan is quoted as saying to Lincoln, "If you are as happy entering the presidency as I am leaving it, then you are a very happy man." Within weeks, four more slave states seceded and the Confederates fired on Fort Sumter. Lincoln's 1st inaugural address. On March 4, 1861, Lincoln gave his first inaugural address as part of his being sworn in as 16th President of the United States. The speech was primarily addressed to the people of the South. It was intended to lay out Lincoln's intended policies and desires toward the South where seven states had formed the Confederate States of America. His speech was written in a spirit of friendship toward the seceded states. He touched on several points. Lincoln promised not to interfere with slavery in the states where it already existed. He said there would be no Federal hostility towards the states that had seceded for the time being. The Federal Government would “hold, occupy, and possess” its property. It would also collect its taxes. He closed his speech with the warning: Lincoln administration. Lincoln's presidency lasted for about four years. It ran from March 4, 1861 until he was shot by a Confederate sympathizer and died on April 15, 1865. Nearly all of his time in office was consumed by the Civil War. From his election by the Electoral College on February 15 to his inauguration on March 4, Lincoln had little time to assemble a cabinet. Lincoln's cabinet. Lincoln's cabinet was unique in American history. It included all of his major rivals for the 1860 Republican nomination. As part of the political negotiations leading up to the nomination, some had been promised a position in the cabinet. It was not a harmonious group as most of them did not like each other. They had different ideas about governing the country, different ethics and different personalities. In particular, Simon Cameron, was forced on Lincoln by a deal struck with the Pennsylvania delegates at the Republican Convention. He already had a reputation for being incompetent and corrupt. Per the agreement he was Lincoln's Secretary of War. Members included: Domestic affairs. The Lincoln administration found itself tasked with guiding the country through its darkest days. He inherited the problems from his predecessor, President James Buchanan. In his own inaugural address four years earlier, Buchan had called the issues of slavery “happily, a matter of but little practical importance.” Buchanan took the position he did not have the power to do anything about the impending civil war. He said: “It is beyond the power of any president, no matter what may be his own political proclivities, to restore peace and harmony among the states. Wisely limited and restrained as is his power under our Constitution and laws, he alone can accomplish but little for good or for evil on such a momentous question.” As the civil war approached, under Buchanan's presidency the country slid into a recession. Rather than ignore or accept the situation, Lincoln had to mend a broken nation or see it torn apart. Between the presidential election and his inauguration, the seven states that seceded formed the Confederate States of America. Their constitution was patterned after the United States Constitution with four differences. It supported states' Sovereignty. It guaranteed slavery would always exist in the Confederate states. It did not allow the Southern Congress to establish protective tariffs. It also limited the term of president of the Confederate states to 6 years. Jefferson Davis was elected as president of the CSA. He was a Mississippi slave owner, a U.S. senator and had also been secretary of war under President Franklin Pierce. The CSA assumed several philosophical positions that differed from those of the United States. It assumed the United States was merely an association of sovereign states as they had been under the Articles of Confederation before the acceptance of the U.S. Constitution. They maintained that as such, each state was free to leave the association of states. The North saw the Union as a permanent country. Lincoln pointed out that each state had given up its own sovereignty when it ratified and accepted the Constitution. He also argued that no state had the right to revolt against their country, the United States of America. But Lincoln remained silent about the CSA from their formation until his inauguration. He repeated his campaign promise, that as President he would take no steps to stop or limit slavery in those states where it already existed. However, he did not accept the proposals made by the Peace Commission. Demonstrating his peaceful intentions, his inaugural address was aimed at preventing other Southern states from joining the CSA. They were not enemies. He would not attack the CSA but would keep and maintain all property of the United States government that existed in the Southern states. A day after his inauguration, Lincoln received a dispatch from Major Robert Anderson. He was the commander of Fort Sumter, in Charleston harbor. He informed Lincoln that if the fort was not resupplied soon, he and his men would have to leave. Lincoln thought of a way to resupply the fort without starting any fighting. He would send unarmed supply ships to Fort Sumter. He informed CSA President Davis of his intentions. This way, the U.S. would not start any fighting but would retain the fort as Lincoln had promised they would. Immediately Davis sent General P. G. T. Beauregard to force the fort's surrender before the supply ships could arrive. At 4:30 a.m. on the morning on April 12, 1861, Confederate guns began a bombardment of Fort Sumter. After 33 hours, Major Anderson surrendered the fort. This was the start of the Civil War. The war lasted for four years. The North did not anticipate the South would fight almost to the last man to defend its "freedom". The South had no idea that the North, led by Lincoln, would show an iron will to preserve the Union at all costs. Foreign affairs. One of Lincoln's military strategies was to blockade the South's ports and approximately of shoreline. At the start of the war, with only a few ships, this was all but impossible. By war's end, the Union had captured or destroyed 1500 blockade runners. But with nearly 5 out of 6 shops able to evade the blockade, Great Britain argued it was not recognized by international law as it was a "paper blockade." The Confederacy was able to ship only a small part of its main cash crop, cotton, to England during the war. Three years before the war the South had shipped 10 million bales of cotton a year. During the war they shipped a total of only 500,000 bales. But English manufacturers had stockpiled large quantities of Southern cotton from the huge exports before the war. What they had on hand carried them through most of the war. In 1861, both the Confederacy and the Union wanted the help of Great Britain. The North counted on them because of their condemnation of slavery. The Confederacy counted on their help because of the great importance their cotton had to Britain's economy. So both sides had diplomatic relations with Great Britain. The South needed Britain's help to win the war. Also, without the aid of Britain, France would not dare interfere even though they were already friendly with the South. On May 4, 1861, Queen Victoria issued a proclamation declaring Britain's neutrality in the war and recognizing the Confederacy as a belligerent in the conflict. This enraged Lincoln. Seward, his Secretary of State, had already issued instructions to the new minister to Britain to quit and come home should the Queen recognize the Confederacy. France followed with a similar declaration which also recognized the CSA as a nation. Seward warned both nations of the possibility of war with the United States over this issue. British Prime Minister Lord Palmerston sent a fleet of naval warships to the western Atlantic in preparation for a surprise attack on New York City. They intended to use the world's largest ship, the SS Great Eastern as a troop transport. They saw a strike against New York would be a strike against the U.S. center of commerce. But in the spring of 1862, the British learned of the Union ironclad warship, the USS Monitor. This cancelled any invasion plans. While the British Navy had ironclad warships, they required deep water to navigate. The Monitor and Northern ships like her could destroy British ships should they try to blockade Northern ports. Russia was also concerned the British and/or French might step in. During the summer of 1862, a coalition of nations considered stepping in to mediate the war. These included Britain, France, Prussia, Austria and Russia. But in the fall of 1863, Tsar Alexander II of Russia sent his navy to protect the United States from any invasion by Great Britain and France. Their Baltic fleet began arriving in New York harbor on September 24, 1863. The Russian Far East fleet was sent to San Francisco. For the remainder of the war, most European countries had little to gain by recognizing the Confederacy as a sovereign nation. Lincoln was diplomatic in his handling of two Confederates who had been arrested on the British ship the Trent. He ordered them both released. Crop failures in Europe made Union agricultural products popular. Egypt and India were able to supply the cotton that was formerly bought from the South before the war. The Union was also a good customer for small arms and other manufactured goods from Europe. However, dozens of blockade runners and warships were constructed for the Confederate Navy by English shipbuilders during the war. Lincoln as commander in chief. In 1861, the American Civil war was the first modern total war. And in 1861, nobody in the United States knew how to fight one. Men could be enlisted and war goods could be manufactured, but generals took time to train. The general in chief of the army in 1861 was Winfield Scott, in charge of an army of only about 16,000 men. Scott was both old and old school (meaning he had no modern training). Quite a few officers had been trained at West Point, but at the time West Point taught engineering, mathematics and fortifications. It taught very little about strategy and nothing about leading large formations of soldiers in the field. None had learned anything about staff work or how to manage an army except those few who could read French or who had any military experience in Europe. One of the worst problems is that field commanders did not even have accurate maps of the areas they had to move and fight in. Except in the West, local maps did not exist for many parts of the country. Unlike Jefferson Davis, who did have military experience, Lincoln had almost none. Lincoln faced a very steep learning curve when the war started. But Lincoln was a quick study. He had taught himself to be a lawyer. Learning military strategy proved to be something else he could do very well. He read books on strategy, military history and learned from the successes and failures of his troops in the field. He also learned from the enemy's military tactics. He learned so well that by 1862, historian T. Harry William said about him: "Lincoln stands out as a great war president, probably the greatest in our history, and a great natural strategist, a better one than any of his generals." Although there is no evidence he ever read Karl von Clausewitz's "On War", his actions followed the book's central argument: "The political objective is the goal, war is the means of reaching it, and means can never be considered in isolation from their purpose. Therefore, it is clear that war should never be thought of as something autonomous but always as an instrument of policy." Wyssachen Wyssachen is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Zauggenried Zauggenried was a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014, the former municipalities of Zauggenried, Büren zum Hof, Etzelkofen, Grafenried, Limpach and Schalunen merged into the municipality of Fraubrunnen. Zäziwil Zäziwil is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. PK machine gun The PK is a machine gun designed in the Soviet Union and is still being used currently by the Russian Army. The PK went in production in 1961 and entered in 1969 to replace the Degtyaryov and the SG-43. The PK was designed by the AK-47 inventor named Mikhail Kalashnikov. The Russian factory produced over 1,000,000 PK machine guns since the 1960s and today. It’s an upside down AKM. Zielebach Zielebach is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. Zimmerwald Zimmerwald was a municipality in Seftigen in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. On 1 January 2004 the municipalities Zimmerwald and Englisberg joined together to become the new municipality, Wald. Chiloé Island Chiloé Island (Spanish: "Isla de Chiloé"), also known as Greater Island of Chiloé ("Isla Grande de Chiloé"), is the largest island of the Chiloé Archipelago off the chilean coast with the Pacific Ocean. The island is located in southern side of Chile, in the Los Lagos Region. Additionally, it has a very special architecture and local culture. As example, the Churches of Chiloé are part of the World Heritage Sites. Chiloé Archipelago Chiloé Archipelago is an archipelago located in Los Lagos Region, in southern Chile. The main island is Chiloé Island ("Isla Grande de Chiloé"). Additionally, in the archipelago are located 10 administrative communes related with the Los Lagos Region: Ancud, Castro, Chonchi, Curaco de Vélez, Dalcahue, Puqueldón, Queilén, Quellón, Quemchi and Quinchao. Maipo (river) The Maipo is a river that flows from east to west through the Santiago Metropolitan and the Valparaíso regions in central Chile. It flows just south ot the national capital, Santiago, and ends in the Pacific Ocean. The Maipo river is one of the main river of Chile an is an important source of irrigation and potable water for the region. Geography. The Maipo river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately . Course. The Maipo river starts on the Andes, in the place called "Los Nacimientos", on the side of the Maipo volcano, in the San José de Maipo commune (Santiago Metropolitan Region), at an elevation of about . From its start, the river flows to the northwest through the "Cajón del Maipo", a canyon; the "El Volcán" and "Yeso" rivers join the Maio before San José de Maipo near the town of "San Gabriel" and as right tributaries. After the city of San José de Maipo the river is joined, also as a right tributary, by the "Colorado" river and then turns to the southwest. After a total of about , Maipo river leaves the Andes to the south of Puente Alto, still at near of altitude above sea level, and gets into the Maipo valley. Near Talagante, after flowing through the city of Santiago, the "Mapocho" river joins, as a right tributary, the Maipo river. After crossing the coastal mountains, the Maipo gets to the town of "Llolleo", just south of the port city of San Antonio, where it flows into the Pacific Ocean. Main tributaries. Most of the tributaries of the Maipo river join: Left tributaries: Right tributaries: Uses. In the upper part, the Maipo is used to produce hydroelectricity. The "Cajón del Maipo" is a popular tourist region, mainly for water sports like rafting. In the Maipo valley, grapes are produced with the water of the river and the valley is a very important wine region. Maipo (volcano) Maipo is a stratovolcano in the Andes, lying on the border between Argentina and Chile. It is located south of Tupungato, one of the highest mountains in the Americas, and about southeast of Santiago. History. The first ascent of this peak was made on 19 January 1833 by Paul Güssfeldt, a German geologist, mountaineer and explorer, together with two Chilean guides: Lorenzo Zamorano and Francisco (only the first name is known). Geography. In Chile, the Maipo volcano is in the Santiago Metropolitan Region, Cordillera province, San José de Maipo commune. In Argentina, it is in the Mendoza province, San Carlos department, Pareditas district. The Maipo river starts on the western side (Chile) of the volcan. The Diamante river start on the eastern side (Argentina) in the lake with the same name. The volcano was formed during the Pleistocene. There are four historical and confirmed records of eruptions of the Maipo: in 1826, 1829,1905 and 1912. The "Laguna del Diamante" ("Diamond Lake") was formed by the eruption of 1826. Black marlin The black marlin ("Istiompax indica") is a species of marlin. It is found in tropical and subtropical areas of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The fish has a maximum length of and weight of . It is one of the largest marlins and also one of the largest bony fish. This marlin is one of the fastest fish, with speeds of up to . This is estimated from the speed that hooked marlins unwind fishing line. Black marlin are fished commercially and are also a highly prized game fish. Lindi Region Lindi Region is one of Tanzania's 30 administrative regions. The regional capital is Lindi. Much of the western part of the Lindi Region is in the Selous Game Reserve. Thomas Voeckler Thomas Voeckler (born 22 June 1979) is a French professional road racing cyclist. He rides for the Europcar cycling team. Voeckler has been called a "national hero," because he has done well in the Tour de France. His nickname is le Chouchou which means "Sweetheart". Career. Voeckler has been a professional cyclist since 2001. He entered the 2004 Tour de France and earned the yellow jersey ("maillot jaune") on Stage 5. He wore the jersey for ten days, which made him famous. In 2006 he won the fifth stage in 2006 Vuelta al País Vasco. He also won the 2006 Paris–Bourges race. In 2009, he won his first stage in a Tour de France. Voeckler went for victory on stage 15 with about 5 km to go. In the 2010 Tour de France he won Stage 15. In the ninth stage of the 2011 Tour de France, Voeckler crossed the line second, taking the overall lead and therefore wearing the "maillot jaune" (yellow jersey). He kept the yellow jersey for 9 stages, but lost it on Stage 19. Voeckler finished the Tour in fourth place 3min 20sec behind the winner, Cadel Evans. This is his best career placement in the Tour so far. It was the best finish of any Frenchman in the Tour since Christophe Moreau came fourth in 2000. In 2012, Thomas Voeckler earned more victories and top placements, including in the Spring Classics. At the 2012 Tour de France, he was suffering from a knee injury and almost abandoned the race. However he won Stage 10, the first mountain stage of the race. He also won Stage 16 with four huge climbs including the "Col du Tourmalet". On this stage he grabbed the polka dot jersey for best climber. He kept the jersey from the Pyrenees to the finish. In the Ardennes Classic in 2013 Voeckler crashed and broke his collarbone. By June he recovered and won stage 6 of the Critérium du Dauphiné. Voeckler continued his winning form by winning the overall titles of the Route du Sud and the Tour du Poitou-Charentes. Other. Voeckler is known for displaying many different facial expressions while racing, especially when trying very hard. He often sticks out his tongue. In August 2011, Voeckler raced on his bike against a horse in an exhibition contest, and lost. Roller Coaster DataBase The Roller Coaster DataBase is a roller coaster and amusement park database. It was started in 1996 by Duane Marden. It features statistics and pictures of more than 5,000 roller coasters around the world. Hurricane Iselle (2014) Hurricane Iselle was a Pacific tropical cyclone. The storm threatened the islands of Hawaii, especially Hilo. The storm developed on July 31, 2014. Iselle is the first hurricane to hit the islands in 22 years. Iselle approached Hawaii as a powerful category 4 hurricane. It had sustained winds of about 120 knots (138 mph). A number of conditions caused it to weaken just before it approached Hawaii. It struck the Big Island as a strong tropical storm. The storm center made landfall at about 2:30 am on August 8. It left downed trees and about 25,000 people without electric power. The storm surge caused 25-foot waves. Airlines had to cancel about 50 flights due to the storm. Iselle then followed a northwestern track missing the rest of the Hawaiian islands. They received rain and winds. A woman hiker on Kauai was swept away and drowned in the storm. John Banner John Banner (28 January 191028 January 1973), born Johann Banner, was an Austrian movie and television actor. He was born in Vienna, Austria. He is best known for his role as Master Sergeant Hans Georg Schultz in the situation comedy "Hogan's Heroes" (1965–1971). Schultz, is known for saying the character's catchphrase, "I know nothing! I see nothing! I hear nothing!" Banner died on his birthday from a gastrointestinal bleeding in Vienna, Austria, aged 63. John Stephenson (actor) John Winfield Stephenson (August 9, 1923 – May 15, 2015) was an American actor. He was most active voice-over roles. He has also been called John Stevenson. Stephenson has never given any interviews and was rarely seen in public, although he did make an appearance at BotCon 2001. Since the death of Harvey Korman in 2008, he was one of the last surviving voice actors from the 1960s animated sitcom, "The Flintstones", in which he played Fred Flintstone's boss, Mr. Slate. Stephenson died from Alzheimer's disease, aged 91. Alan Reed Alan Reed, also known professionally as Alan Reed Sr., (August 20, 1907 – June 14, 1977) was an American actor and voice actor. He was best known as the original voice of Fred Flintstone on "The Flintstones". Jean Vander Pyl Jean Vander Pyl (October 11, 1919 – April 10, 1999) was an American actress on radio, television and movies. Although her career spanned many decades, she is best remembered as the voice of Wilma Flintstone for the Hanna-Barbera cartoon "The Flintstones". She also provided the voice for Pebbles Flintstone. She also provided the of voice of Rosie the robot maid from the animated series "The Jetsons", among many others, such as Fifi and additional voices in "Top Cat" and Winsome Witch on "The Secret Squirrel Show". Bea Benaderet Beatrice “Bea” Benaderet (April 4, 1906 – October 13, 1968) was an American actress. She was born in New York City and raised in San Francisco, California. She appeared in many television shows, which included a starring role in the 1960s television series "Petticoat Junction" and "Green Acres" as Shady Rest Hotel owner Kate Bradley. She also appeared in supporting roles as Blanche Morton in "The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show" and as the original voice of Betty Rubble during the first four seasons of "The Flintstones", and in "The Beverly Hillbillies" as Pearl Bodine. The Jetsons The Jetsons is an American animated sitcom. It was directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. There are 77 episodes and 3 seasons. Each episode is between 22 and 30 minutes. The series was first broadcast in prime time from September 23, 1962, to March 17, 1963, on ABC. It was later broadcast in reruns in syndication with new episodes made from 1985 to 1987. "The Jetsons" was Hanna-Barbera's Space Age counterpart to "The Flintstones". While the Flintstones lived in a world which was a version of the Stone Age. The Jetsons live in a version of the same world in the future. "The Flintstones" had machines powered by birds and dinosaurs while the "Jetsons" had robotic machined, aliens, holograms, and other futuristic inventions. The original series had 24 episodes. They were broadcast on Sunday nights on ABC beginning on September 23, 1962. Prime time reruns were broadcast through September 22, 1963. It was the first program broadcast in color on ABC. The program did not get much attention. It was cancelled after one season and moved to Saturday mornings. It was very successful there. After the primetime run, the program aired on Saturday mornings for decades. It was on ABC for the 1963–64 season and then on CBS and NBC. New episodes were produced for syndication from 1985 to 1987. No episodes of the show were made after 1989. Much of the main cast (George O'Hanlon, Mel Blanc and Daws Butler) had died in 1988 and 1989. The 1990 movie ' was the series finale to the television program. A direct-to-video animated movie, ', was released in 2017. George O'Hanlon George O'Hanlon (November 23, 1912 – February 11, 1989) was an American movie and voice actor, comedian and TV writer. He was known for his roles in the Warner Bros.' live-action "Joe McDoakes" short subjects from 1942 to 1956 and as the voice of George Jetson in Hanna-Barbera's 1962 prime-time animated television series "The Jetsons" and its 1985 revival. Penny Singleton Penny Singleton (September 15, 1908 – November 12, 2003) was an American movie and voice actress. She was known for making the voice of the voice of Jane Jetson in the animated series "The Jetsons". Educational Testing Service Educational Testing Service (ETS) was founded in 1947. It is the world's largest private nonprofit educational testing and assessment organization. Its headquarters are in Lawrence Township, New Jersey, near Princeton. ETS develops various standard tests in the United States for K–12 and higher education. It also administers tests in more than 180 countries, and in over 9,000 places worldwide. These tests include the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language), TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication), Graduate Record Examination (GRE) General and Subject Tests, and the Praxis test series. Many of these assessments are for entry to US undergraduate education and graduate schools. ETS also develops K–12 assessments used for accountability testing in many states, including California, Texas, Tennessee and Virginia. In total, ETS annually administers 20 million exams in the U.S. and in 180 other countries. Peter George Peterson Peter George "Pete" Peterson (June 5, 1926 – March 20, 2018) was an American businessman, investment banker, fiscal conservative, and author. He was United States Secretary of Commerce from February 29, 1972 to February 1, 1973. He was also known as founder and principal funder of The Peter G. Peterson Foundation. Peterson was named the most influential billionaire in U.S. politics. Peterson died on March 20, 2018 at his Manhattan apartment. He was 91 years old. Frederick B. Dent Frederick Baily Dent (August 17, 1922 – December 10, 2019) was an American politician and businessman. He served as the United States Secretary of Commerce from February 2, 1973, to March 26, 1975, during the administrations of U.S. Presidents Richard M. Nixon and Gerald Ford. Dent died at a hospital in Spartanburg, South Carolina on December 10, 2019 at the age of 97. Robert J. Lagomarsino Robert John "Bob" Lagomarsino (September 4, 1926 – February 7, 2021) was an American politician. He was a former Republican congressman from California. Lagomarsino began his service in the United States House of Representatives in 1974 and was re-elected every two years until 1992, when he was defeated for renomination by Michael Huffington. Before he began serving in the House, Lagomarsino served in the California State Senate from 1961 until 1974, and before to that, he served as the mayor of Ojai, California. Lagomarsino died on February 7, 2021 at his family ranch in Ojai, California at the age of 94. Norman Mineta Norman Yoshio Mineta (, "Mineta Yoshio"; November 12, 1931 – May 3, 2022) was an American politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party, Mineta most recently served in President George W. Bush's Cabinet as the United States Secretary of Transportation. He was the only Democratic Cabinet Secretary in the Bush administration. During his time as Transportation Secretary, he oversaw airline security changes as he was in charge during the September 11 attacks in 2001. He helped create the Transportation Security Administration (TSA). On June 23, 2006, Mineta announced his resignation after more than five years as Secretary of Transportation, effective July 7, 2006, making him the longest-serving Transportation Secretary in the Department's history. On July 10, 2006, Hill & Knowlton, a public relations firm, announced that Mineta would join it as a partner. On August 10, 2010, it was announced that Mineta would join L&L Energy, Inc as Vice Chairman. Mineta also was President Bill Clinton's Secretary of Commerce for the last six months of his term (July 2000– January 2001). Mineta spent nearly six full years as a Cabinet member. Mineta died at his home in Edgewater, Maryland from heart disease on May 3, 2022, at the age of 90. William Thaddeus Coleman Jr. William Thaddeus Coleman, Jr. (July 7, 1920 – March 31, 2017) was an American attorney and politician. Coleman was the fourth United States Secretary of Transportation, from March 7, 1975 to January 20, 1977. Coleman, Jr. died from complications of Alzheimer's disease at his home in Alexandria, Virginia on March 31, 2017, aged 96. John A. Volpe John Anthony Volpe (; December 8, 1908November 11, 1994) was an American politician. He served as the 61st and 63rd Governor of Massachusetts. He also served as the United States Secretary of Transportation from 1969 to 1973 and an ambassador to Italy from 1973 to 1977. Volpe died in Nahant, Massachusetts on November 11, 1994, at the age of 85. Volpe was buried at the Forest Glade Cemetery in Wakefield, Massachusetts. Brock Adams Brockman "Brock" Adams (January 13, 1927 – September 10, 2004) was an American politician and member of Congress. Adams was a Democrat from Washington and served as a U.S. Representative, Senator, and United States Secretary of Transportation before retiring in January 1993. Adams died from Parkinson's disease in Stevensville, Maryland, aged 77. Andrew L. Lewis Jr. Andrew Lindsay Lewis, Jr. (November 3, 1931 – February 10, 2016) was an American politician and businessman. He served as the United States Secretary of Transportation for part of the administration of United States President Ronald Reagan from 1981 to 1983. He was widely known as Drew Lewis. He was born in Broomall, Pennsylvania. Lewis, Jr. died of complications from pneumonia in Prescott, Arizona on February 10, 2016 at the age of 84. Samuel K. Skinner Samuel Knox Skinner (born June 10, 1938) is an American politician, lawyer and businessman. Skinner served as U.S. Secretary of Transportation and White House Chief of Staff under President George H. W. Bush. Claude Brinegar Claude Stout Brinegar (December 16, 1926 – March 13, 2009) was an American politician. He was the third United States Secretary of Transportation serving from February 2, 1973 to February 1, 1975. Brinegar had previously been an oil company executive. Brinegar was Secretary of Transportation during the 1973 oil crisis. In 1980-81, Brinegar was on Ronald Reagan's transition team. Anthony Foxx Anthony Renard Foxx (born April 30, 1971) is an American politician. He was United States Secretary of Transportation from 2013 through 2017. He served as the Mayor of Charlotte, North Carolina, from 2009 to 2013. On April 29, 2013, President Barack Obama said he would nominate Foxx to be the Secretary of Transportation. On June 27, 2013 the Senate confirmed the nomination of Foxx to the post of Secretary of Transportation on a vote of 100-0. Samuel Bodman Samuel Wright Bodman III (November 26, 1938 – September 7, 2018) was an American politician. He was the 11th United States Secretary of Energy. He was previously the Deputy Secretary of the Treasury and the Deputy Secretary of Commerce. Bodman died in El Paso, Texas on September 7, 2018 at the age of 79. The cause of death was complications from primary progressive aphasia. Charles Duncan Jr. Charles William Duncan Jr. (September 9, 1926 – October 18, 2022) is an American entrepreneur, administrator, and statesman. Duncan served as the U.S. Secretary of Energy on the Cabinet of President Jimmy Carter from 1979 to 1981. Melvin Laird Melvin Robert "Bom" Laird (September 1, 1922 – November 16, 2016) was an American politician and writer. He was a U.S. congressman from Wisconsin before serving as Secretary of Defense from 1969 to 1973 under President Richard Nixon. Laird died from complications of congestive heart failure at a hospital in Fort Myers, Florida on November 16, 2016, aged 94. Frank Carlucci Frank Charles Carlucci III (October 18, 1930 – June 3, 2018) was an American politician. He served as the United States Secretary of Defense from 1987 to 1989 in the administration of President Ronald Reagan. Carlucci served in a variety of senior-level governmental positions, including Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity in the Richard Nixon administration, Deputy Director of the CIA in the Jimmy Carter administration, and Deputy Secretary of Defense and National Security Advisor in the Reagan administration. Carlucci died on June 3, 2018, from complications of Parkinson's disease, at his home in McLean, Virginia, at the age of 87. J. William Middendorf John William Middendorf II (born September 22, 1924) is an American politician. He served as the United States Secretary of the Navy under the Gerald Ford administration. He is a member of the Republican Party. Middendorf is a member of the board of directors of the International Republican Institute. Paul Robert Ignatius Paul Robert Ignatius (born November 11, 1920) was an American government official. He served as Secretary of the Navy between 1967 and 1969 and was the Assistant Secretary of Defense during the Lyndon Johnson administration. W. Michael Blumenthal Werner Michael Blumenthal (born January 3, 1926) is an American politician. He was the United States Secretary of the Treasury under President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1979. Nicholas F. Brady Nicholas Frederick Brady (born April 11, 1930) is an American politician. He was the United States Secretary of the Treasury under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush. He was known for creating the Brady Plan in March 1989. In 1982, he was appointed to succeed Harrison A. Williams as a United States Senator until a special election could be held. He served in the Senate for 8 months. Hoyt Curtin Hoyt Stoddard Curtin (September 9, 1922 – December 3, 2000) was an American composer and music producer, the primary musical director for the Hanna-Barbera animation studio from its beginnings with "The Ruff & Reddy Show" in 1957 until his retirement in 1986. He composed the themes for "The Flintstones" and in "The Jetsons". Word salad Word salad is language with meaningless, scrambled words. It is a "confused or unintelligible mixture of seemingly random words and phrases". 'Word salad' is most often used for a symptom of a neurological or mental disorder. The words may or may not be grammatically correct. The key thing is that a listener cannot get any meaning from them. The term is often used in psychiatry and theoretical linguistics to describe language which native speakers judge is meaningless. In mental health diagnoses. Word salad occurs in neurological or psychological cases in which a person tries to communicate, and words and phrases come out but make no sense. Often, the person is unaware that they did not make sense. It appears in people with dementia and schizophrenia, and after anoxic brain injury. It may be present as: In computing. Word salad can be generated by a computer program for various purposes. Mojibake, also called "Buchstabensalat" ("letter salad") in German, is an effect similar to word salad, in which an assortment of seemingly-random text is generated. Karen X. Gaylord Karen X. Gaylord (January 4, 1921 - August 1, 2014) was an American actress, model, and former Miss Minnesota, whose career was most successful during the 1940s. He is not married thier life. Early Life. She was born Karen Xandra Gaylord on January 4, 1921, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to a working class family. She was the oldest of four children (all girls). Her father worked as an engineer with the Northern Pacific Railway. After she graduated from North Community High School in 1939, Gaylord wanted to go to college to study music and art. But then a friend of hers saw a notice in a magazine called "Movie Mirror." It said that the movie studios in California were accepting photographs with names and addresses to help them find new actors for movies. Without telling Gaylord, her friend mailed in Gaylord's picture. Not long after, Gaylord got a letter telling her that she had been chosen to come to California for a tryout. The entire Gaylord family decided this would be a good chance for all of them. The whole family moved to California with Karen. Career in entertainment. After moving to California, Karen began going to all of the major studios in Hollywood, doing screen and wardrobe tests (tryouts to see how she acted and looked on movie screens and in costumes). In 1941, Gaylord was in her first film, "The Chocolate Soldier" with Nelson Eddy (though she was not listed in the credits at the end of the movie). Between 1941 and 1949, she acted in about 36 films (see the "Filmography" section lower on this page). But she was only listed in the credits for these movies once, for the 1944 film "Cover Girl" with Rita Hayworth. In 1942, the Chamber of Commerce of Minneapolis, Minnesota, chose Gaylord as their 1942 'Miss Minnesota.' Not long after this, film producer Samuel Goldwyn chose Karen to become one of his six new Goldwyn Girls. (The Goldwyn Girls were a group of female dancers that included some very famous women.) Gaylord also became a popular stand-in, and stood in place for leading ladies like Linda Darnell, Barbara Stanwyck, Laraine Day, Evelyn Keyes, Gene Tierney, and Jeanne Crain. (A stand-in plays an actor's role when the actor is not there.) Teaching and later life. In 1949, Gaylord left the entertainment industry. She moved to Clearwater, Florida, to begin her lifelong dream of teaching music and art. In 1950, she legally changed her name from Karen Xandra Gaylord to Jane Goerner. Up until the 1990s, she gave private music and art lessons out of her home. In the last years of her life, she had some serious health problems. She sold her home and moved to Ocala, Florida, to live with her sister and brother-in-law. She died in her sleep at the age of 93 on August 1, 2014. There were no funeral services or memorials. Her body was donated to medical science through the body donation program at the University of Florida's College of Medicine. Robert Bergland Robert Selmer "Bob" Bergland (July 22, 1928 – December 9, 2018) was an American politician. He served as a member of the House of Representatives from Minnesota's 7th congressional district from 1971 to 1977, and he served as United States Secretary of Agriculture from 1977 until 1981, during the administration of President Jimmy Carter. Bergland died at a nursing home in Roseau, Minnesota on December 9, 2018, aged 90. Ray Marshall Freddie Ray Marshall (born August 22, 1928) is an American politician, writer, and educator. He is the Professor Emeritus of the Audre and Bernard Rapoport Centennial Chair in Economics and Public Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin. Early life. Marshall was born in 1928 in Oak Grove, Louisiana. He spent some of his youth in an orphanage. He joined the US Navy at age 15 by overstating his age. After serving in World War II, he attended Louisiana State University and Millsaps College. While attending Millsaps, he became a member of Lambda Chi Alpha Fraternity. He has a Ph.D is from University of California, Berkeley in economics. Career. He has held several academic posts, but since 1962 has been at the University of Texas, with the exception of his term as United States Secretary of Labor as a member of Jimmy Carter's Administration. As Secretary of Labor, he expanded public service and job-training programs, as a part of Carter's economic stimulus program. Personal life. Marshall was also one of the founders of the Economic Policy Institute in 1986. Richard Virenque Richard Virenque (born 19 November 1969) is a French retired professional cyclist. He was one of the most popular French riders. He won the King of the Mountains competition of the Tour de France seven times, which is more than any other cyclist. Virenque finished third in the Tour de France in 1996 and second in 1997. He was part of a famous doping scandal in 1998. Early career. He rode for the Vélo Club Hyèrois from the age of 13. He said he knew he could climb well from the start. His first win was in a race round the town at La Valette-du-Var. He and another rider, Pascale Ranucci, lapped everyone else. He then did his national service in the army battalion at Joinville in Paris. In 1990 he came eighth in the world championship road race at Utsunomiya, Tochigi in Japan. He was then offered a professional contract with the team RMO. Professional career. He turned professional for RMO in January 1991. Virenque rode his first Tour de France in 1992 as a replacement for Jean-Philippe Dojwa. On the third day he took the maillot jaune of leadership and held it for a day, losing it to his team-mate Pascal Lino, who led for the next two weeks. Virenque finished second in the polka dot jersey climbers' competition. After the Tour de France Virenque joined another French team, Festina. He stayed there until the team closed down after a doping scandal in 1998. Virenque first wore the yellow jersey of the Tour de France in 1992 and for the last time in 2003. In 2003 he wore the jersey on the climb of Alpe d'Huez. Virenque was good at climbing but not at time trials. Festina affair. In 1998 the Festina cycling team was disgraced by a doping scandal, known as the "Festina affair". Virenque's teammates, Christophe Moreau, Laurent Brochard and Armin Meier, admitted taking EPO after being arrested during the Tour and were disqualified. Virenque said he was innocent. Virenque changed teams to Team Polti in January 1999. He rode the Giro d'Italia in 1999 and won a stage. A few weeks later Virenque's name emerged in an inquiry into Bernard Sainz. Sainz was later jailed for practising as an unqualified doctor. Franco Polti, the head of Virenque's team, fined him 30 million lire. Race director Jean-Marie Leblanc banned Virenque from the 1999 Tour de France. He was made to let Virenque race by the Union Cycliste Internationale. Leblanc said he hoped Virenque would not win. Virenque rode on a bicycle painted white with red dots to resemble the polkadot jersey of best climber, but he didn't win the competition. He had a bodyguard, Gilles Pagliuca. In 1999 he wrote a book called "Ma Vérité". In the book he said he was innocent of doping. He wrote that his team-mates confessed to using EPO because of pressure from the police. He said Moreau's urine showed EPO had not been detected. The Festina affair led to a trial in October 2000. Virenque was a witness as well as others from the Festina team. He at first denied he had doped himself but then confessed. But he denied doping himself intentionally. Virenque was criticised by the media and satirists for denying doping even though there was evidence. He was also criticised for pretending he had been doped without his knowledge. Virenque lived near Geneva in Switzerland and the Swiss cycling association suspended him for nine months. The sentence was reduced by an independent tribunal to six and a half months. He was fined the equivalent of 2,600 euros and told to pay 1,300 euros in costs. He became depressed. Post-suspension career. It was difficult for Virenque to find a team after he returned from his suspension. On 5 July 2001 he joined Domo-Farm Frites. He had help from Eddy Merckx who paid the extra money after the main sponsors wouldn't pay. Domo kept him the following season. On 25 October 2002 he signed for another two years. Virenque returned to fame by winning Paris–Tours on 7 October 2001. This was unusual because Paris–Tours is a flat race and sprinters usually win, not climbers. The French magazine, "Vélo", called the victory "extraordinary." "L'Équipe" 's headline on the front page was "Unbelievable!" Virenque was beaten by Laurent Jalabert in the 2001 and 2002 Tour de France King of the Mountains competition. He won his sixth polka dot jersey in 2003. In 2004 he won the polka dot jersey for the seventh time. This is the most of any cyclist. Retirement. Virenque rode the Olympic Games road race in Athens. He announced his retirement on 24 September 2004. He won "Je suis une célébrité, sortez-moi de là!" (the French version of "I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!") in Brazil in April 2006. In autumn 2005 he opened Virenque Design, a company to design and sell jewellery. Since 2005 he has been a commentator for Eurosport. He has also advertised an energy drink and a pharmacy company. Personal life. In December 2007, Virenque and his wife, Stéphanie, divorced. They had been together for 17 years. They have two children, Clara and Dario. Virenque lives at Carqueiranne in the Var region of France. He likes dancing, wine, gardening and flowers. "Put me in a good garden nursery and I'm in heaven," he says. Palmarès. Grand Tour General Classification results timeline. DQ = disqualified Libertarian Party of Canada The Libertarian Party of Canada is a libertarian political party in Canada. It was started in 1973 by Bruce Evoy, who became the party's first chairman. The current leader of the party is Tim Moen. The party wants to limit the role of the federal government in people's lives. For example, it would reduce or eliminate most personal and coporate taxes. Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada (or ELCC) is a Lutheran denomination in Canada. It is the largest of the Canadian Lutheran churches, with more than 145,000 members. The ELCC started in 1986, when the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Canada merged with the Canadian section of the Lutheran Church in America. The church is grouped into five synods: The head of the ELCC is a presiding bishop, who is called the "National Bishop. The current national bishop is Rev. Susan Johnson. Lutheran Church–Canada The Lutheran Church–Canada (or LCC) is a confessional Lutheran denomination in Canada. It is the second largest Canadian Lutheran church, after the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada. The LCC was orgainized in 1988 by the Canadian congregations of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod. The current president of the LCC is Rev. Dr. Robert Bugbee. Roman Catholicism in Canada The Roman Catholic Church in Canada is part of the world wide Catholic Church. As of 2008, it was the third largest religious body in Canada. Over 13 million Canadians (46% of population) was a baptized member of the Catholic Church. Catholics first settled in Canada in the 1600s, when French settlers founded Quebec City. In the 1620s, British Catholics were allowed to settle on Newfoundland. A seminary was started in Quebec City in 1663. In 1674, Pope Clement X started a diocese in Quebec City, which was the first episcopal see in the Americas north of Mexico. This diocese became the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec in 1819. The diocese originally covered all of Canada but other diocese were created during the 19th century. Denys Williams Sir Denys Ambrose Williams (12 October 1929 – 7 August 2014) was a Chief Justice of Barbados. He served as an acting governor-general from 19 December 1995 until 1 June 1996. Williams died in Bridgetown, Barbados from unknown causes, aged 84. Manuel Lujan Jr. Manuel Archibald Lujan Jr. (May 12, 1928 – April 25, 2019) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. He was from the U.S. state of New Mexico. Lujan served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1969 to 1989. He also served as the United States Secretary of the Interior from 1989 to 1993. He was an assistant of George H. W. Bush in the House from 1969 to 1971. In 1989, President Bush named Lujan to his Cabinet. His niece is current Governor of New Mexico and former U.S. Representative Michelle Lujan Grisham. Lujan died in Albuquerque, New Mexico from congestive heart failure on April 25, 2019 at the age of 90. Office of the United States Trade Representative The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) is the United States government agency responsible for developing and recommending United States trade policy to the President of the United States. It makes trade negotiations at bilateral and multilateral levels, and coordinating trade policy within the government through the interagency Trade Policy Staff Committee (TPSC) and Trade Policy Review Group (TPRG). Bill Brock William Emerson "Bill" Brock III (November 23, 1930 – March 25, 2021) was a Republican United States senator from Tennessee, having served from 1971 to 1977. Upon the election of Ronald Reagan as U.S. president, Brock was appointed U.S. Trade Representative, a position he had until 1985 when he was made Secretary of Labor. Brock died from pneumonia in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on March 25, 2021, at age 90. Richard Schweiker Richard Schultz Schweiker (June 1, 1926 – July 31, 2015) was an American politician. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the 14th U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services under President Ronald Reagan from 1981 to 1983. He previously served as a U.S. Representative (1961–1969) and a U.S. Senator (1969–1981) from Pennsylvania. In the 1976 election, then-former Governor Reagan picked Schweiker as his running mate. The pair lost the Republican primary to then-incumbent President Gerald Ford. On July 31, 2015, Schweiker died from complications due to an infection at the AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center in Pomona, New Jersey, aged 89. Christian Herter Christian Archibald Herter (March 28, 1895December 30, 1966) was an American politician. He was the 59th Governor of Massachusetts from 1953 to 1957. He also served as United States Secretary of State from 1959 to 1961 and the first United States Trade Representative. Ramsey Clark William Ramsey Clark (December 18, 1927 – April 9, 2021) was an American lawyer, activist and former public official. He worked for the U.S. Department of Justice, which included service as United States Attorney General from 1967 to 1969, under President Lyndon B. Johnson. Clark died on April 9, 2021 in New York City, aged 93. Carla Anderson Hills Carla Anderson Hills (born January 3, 1934) is an American lawyer and a public figure. She served as United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development in the Gerald Ford administration and as U.S. Trade Representative. She was the first woman to serve as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and the third woman to serve as a cabinet officer. Moon Landrieu Maurice Edwin Landrieu, known as Moon Landrieu (July 23, 1930 – September 5, 2022) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He served as Mayor of New Orleans from 1970 to 1978. His son was Mitch Landrieu, the former Mayor of New Orleans and his daughter was the former United States senator Mary Landrieu. He also is a former judge. He represented New Orleans' Twelfth Ward in the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1960 to 1966. He served on the New Orleans City Council as a member at-large from 1966 to 1970. Landrieu was the United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under U.S. President Jimmy Carter from 1979 to 1981. Landrieu died on September 5, 2022 at his home in New Orleans at the age of 92. The cause of death was heart failure after having a heart attack. W. Marvin Watson William Marvin Watson (June 6, 1924 – November 26, 2017) was an American politician. He was an advisor to U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson. He served as Postmaster General from April 26, 1968 to January 20, 1969. Watson died in Woodland, Texas on November 26, 2017 at the age of 93. Shirley Verrett Shirley Verrett (May 31, 1931 – November 5, 2010) was an African American opera singer. From the 1950s to the 1990s she did soprano roles, including Irina in "Lost in the Stars" in 1958. More recent roles include singing Didon in "Les Troyens" (1990). She played Nettie Fowler in the 1994 Broadway revival of "Carousel". Verrett was born in New Orleans and raised in Los Angeles. She died in Ann Arbor, Michigan at age 79 from heart failure. Stephen Early Stephen Tyree Early (August 27, 1889 – August 11, 1951) was an American journalist and government official. He served as White House Press Secretary under Franklin D. Roosevelt from 1933 to 1945 and again under President Harry S. Truman in 1950 after the sudden death of Charles Griffith Ross. Elizabeth Edwards Elizabeth Anania Edwards (born Mary Elizabeth Anania; July 3, 1949 – December 7, 2010) was an American author, health care activist and attorney. She was married to John Edwards, a United States Senator from North Carolina and a former vice-presidential nominee. Edwards was born in Jacksonville, Florida. She died from breast cancer at age 61, in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Víctor Fayad Víctor Manuel Federico Fayad (9 February 1955 – 7 August 2014) was an Argentine politician and lawyer. He was a member of the Radical Civic Union. Fayad served as Mayor of Mendoza from December 10, 1987 through December 10, 1991 and again from December 10, 2007 until his death in 7 August 2014. Before being mayor of Mendoza, Fayad served in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies from December 10, 1993 through December 10, 2005. Fayad was born in Mendoza. He was married to Marcela Pérez Caroli until his death in 2014. They had three children. Fayad died in Mendoza, Argentina from mediastinum cancer, aged 59. Aliquippa, Pennsylvania Aliquippa is a city in Beaver County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It is within the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. The population was 9,438 at the 2010 census. Before becoming a city, Aliquippa was a borough. It became a city in 1987 by the Aliquippa Borough Council. Manitoulin Island Manitoulin Island is a lake island in Lake Huron. It is on the northern side of the lake, in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is the largest island in a freshwater lake in the world. It has an area of 2,766 square kilometers (1,068 square miles). Lake Huron is on the southern and western sides of the island. Georgian Bay is on the island's east side and the North Channel on the northern side. There are 108 freshwater lakes on the island. The largest is Lake Manitou (about 104 kilometers, 40.5 square miles), which is the largest freshwater lake on a freshwater island. The island has a population of 12,600. Many tourists visit the island during the summer. The island has two incorporated towns: Northeastern Manitoulin and the Islands and Gore Bay and Gore Bay. John Maynard Woodworth John Maynard Woodworth (August 15, 1837 – March 14, 1879) was an American physician. He served as the first Supervising-Surgeon General of the United States under U.S. president Ulysses S. Grant from 1871 to 1879. Bruce Peninsula The Bruce Peninsula is a peninsula in Southern Ontario, Canada. It is between Georgian Bay to the northeast and Lake Huron to the southwest. It is part of Bruce County. There are two national parks on the peninsula: Bruce Peninsula National Park and Fathom Five National Marine Park. The peninsula has four main towns: Tobermory, Lion's Head, Wiarton, and Sauble Beach. Bea Wain Bea Wain (April 30, 1917 – August 19, 2017) was an American Big Band-era singer. She was born in New York City, New York. She led the vocal group "Bea and the Bachelors" (with Al Rinker, Ken Lane, and John Smedberg) and the V8 (seven boys and a girl) on the Fred Waring show. Wain had four No. 1 hits: "Cry, Baby, Cry", "Deep Purple", "Heart and Soul" and her signature song, "My Reverie". Wain died of congestive heart failure at a retirement home on August 19, 2017 in Beverly Hills, California at the age of 100. Ray Manzarek Raymond Daniel Manczarek Jr. (February 12, 1939 – May 20, 2013) known as Ray Manzarek was an American musician, singer, music producer, movie director, and author. He was best known as a founding member and keyboardist of The Doors from 1965 to 1973. He was a co-founding member of Nite City from 1977 to 1978, and of Manzarek–Krieger from 2001 to his death. On May 20, 2013, Manzarek died from bile duct cancer at a hospital in Rosenheim, Germany, aged 74. Gordon Pirie Douglas Alistair Gordon Pirie (10 February 1931 – 7 December 1991) was an English long-distance runner. He was born in Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire, England but was brought up in Coulsdon, Surrey and ran for South London Harriers. Pirie died of bile duct cancer in Lymington, Hampshire. Cholangiocarcinoma Cholangiocarcinoma or bile duct cancer is a form of cancer that is formed by mutated epithelial cells (or cells showing characteristics of epithelial differentiation) that begins in the bile ducts which drain bile from the liver into the small intestine. Other biliary tract cancers include pancreatic cancer, gallbladder cancer, and cancer of the ampulla of Vater. Rezső Bálint Rezső Bálint (October 22, 1874 – May 23, 1929) was a Hungarian neurologist and psychiatrist. He discovered Bálint's syndrome. Bálint studied medicine in Budapest, graduating in 1897. He habilitated in 1910, became extraordinary professor in 1914 and full professor in 1917. He died of thyroid cancer in 1929. Chandrayaan-1 Chandrayaan-1 was India's first spacecraft launched to explore the Moon. It lifted off on 22 October 2008. It was under the control of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was launched by a PSLV rocket. Chandrayaan 1 carried NASA's M1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper. The space mission was designed to last for two years. In reality the mission lasted for 312 days. It mapped about 95% of the moon's surface. On 29 August 2009 radio signals from Chandrayaan-I were lost. The mission was considered ended at that point. The lunar probe showed the presence of water on moon. Goals. The mission had the following stated objectives, or goals: 2014 Rogers Cup The 2014 Rogers Cup presented by National Bank (named as a result of a sponsor) is a tennis tournament which takes place on outdoor Hardcourts. It started on 2 August and will end on 10 August. The tournament is in the 125th year of the Canadian Open which is a tournament that takes place yearly. The men's and women's tournaments switch between Toronto and Montreal. The tournament is part of the 2014 ATP World Tour and 2014 WTA Tour. It is used to prepare players for the 2014 US Open. Seeded players. A seed is a competitor who is given special placement in a tournament. This is so they do not meet the best players until the later rounds in the tournament. Usually they meet in the third round and may have received a pass into the second round. Canadian Open (tennis) The Canadian Open is a tennis tournament that takes place on outdoor hard courts. It is held in Montreal and Toronto, usually at the start of August. Before 2011, it was held in two different weeks during July and August. The tournament adjusts for the men and women's side each year. Tt shifts from being held in Montreal and Toronto. In odd-numbered years, the men's side of the draw is held in Montreal and the women's are held in Toronto, and in even years they switch cities. History. The men's tournament started in 1881. It was first held at the Toronto Lawn Tennis Club. The women's side of the tournament started later, in 1892. There are only two leading tournaments that started before the Canadian Open, the Wimbledon and the US Open. Before 1968, the tournament was known as the Canadian National Championships. Since the start of the open era, the tournament has had many sponsors. In the 1970s, it was held under the Rothmans International tobacco brand, Player's Limited was the main sponsor in the 1980s, and the sponsor changed again in 1997 to the cigarette company Du Maurier. Since federal measures came into place to restrict tobacco advertising, Rogers, a media company, has become the head sponsor. Canadian success. No male Canadian tennis player has won the men's singles tournament since 1958. However, in 2013 Milos Raonic was the first Canadian player to reach the final since the start of the open era, after he beat fellow Canadian Vasek Pospisil in the semifinals. Faye Urban was the last woman to reach the women's singles final, after her win in 1969. The Canadian players have had better luck in the men's doubles tournament than in the single's tournament, with Daniel Nestor and Sébastien Lareau both becoming champions. The women's doubles tournament has not been won by a Canadian female tennis player since 1969 also when Vicki Berner and Faye Urban won against another Canadian paring of Jane O'Hara and Vivienne Strong in a repeat of the 1968 final. Since then, Helen Kelesi has been the only Canadian player to reach the final for doubles, in 1990. Agnez Mo (album) Agnez Mo is the fourth studio album by Indonesian singer-songwriter Agnez Mo. Although the songs are in English, the album was only released for the Indonesian market. The album was digitally released by Sony Music. on June 1, 2013 through the website Souniq Music (souniqmusic.com). Sales of the album was done in a bundle with the Ship Fire Coffee products. The songs on this album can be downloaded for free with points available with purchase of certain products. Association of Tennis Professionals The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) is the most important organization for men's professional tennis. History. ATP started in September 1972 by Donald Dell, Jack Kramer, and Cliff Drysdale. Its job is to care for the interests of men's professional tennis. Starting in 1990, the ATP has organized the most important group of tennis competitions for men. In 2009, the organization changed the name of the competitions from "ATP Tour" to "ATP World Tour." ATP is based in London. 2014 ATP World Tour The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour is the top level professional tennis tour for men's tennis competitions. The 2014 ATP Tour calendar is made up of four Grand Slam tournaments (organised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), and sixty-one regular tournaments. It also includes the Davis Cup (organised by the ITF), and the year-end championships (the ATP World Tour Finals). The Hopman Cup, which does not distribute ranking points, is included. The season begins on 30 December 2013 and will end on 17 November 2014. The tournaments are played on flat surface, called a tennis court. The measurements of a tennis court are set by the ITF. The court is long and wide. Its width is for singles matches and for doubles matches. Tennis is played on a variety of tennis court types. Each type has to be played differently. There are four main types of courts based on what's used to build the court surface, clay, hard, grass and carpet courts. The ITF ranks them by five different speed ratings from slow to fast. Schneider's Bakery Schneider's Bakery is a television production company created by Dan Schneider. Some of the shows that were produced by the company are "Drake & Josh", "All That", "Zoey 101", "iCarly", "Victorious", "Sam & Cat" and "Henry Danger". Lydia Yu-Jose Lydia N. Yu-Jose (March 27, 1944 – August 3, 2014) was a Filipino Professor Emerita of Political Science and Japanese Studies at the Ateneo de Manila University in the Philippines. She was best known for her research into the history of Japan–Philippines relations, as well as aiding in the development of Japanese studies in the Philippines as a separate academic discipline. On August 3, 2014, Lydia Yu-Jose died after a six-year long battle with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. George Hilton (historian) George Woodman Hilton (January 18, 1925 – August 4, 2014) was an American historian and economist. He worked in social history, transportation economics, regulation by commission, the history of economic thought and labor history. Hilton was born in Chicago. Hilton studied at Dartmouth College and earned his A.B. in Economics "summa cum laude" in 1946. He received his M.A. in 1950. Hilton studied at the London School of Economics in 1953-1955, and got his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1956. He then taught for many years at the University of California, Los Angeles, and was later a Professor Emeritus of Economics at UCLA. Hilton died in Los Angeles, California, aged 89. George Hilton (actor) George Hilton (16 July 1934 – 28 July 2019), sometimes credited as Jorge Hilton, was a Uruguayan actor. He was known for his many spaghetti western performances. He was born Jorge Hill Acosta y Lara on 16 July 1934 in Montevideo, Uruguay, but was raised in England. Hilton began his career as an extra with bit parts in the mid-fifties. In 1967 he appeared to great effect as "Stranger" in "Any Gun Can Play" (aka "Go Kill and Come Back"). He went on to become one of the major stars of spaghetti westerns eventually playing Sartana in the last movie of the series "I Am Sartana, Trade Your Guns for a Coffin". Hilton died on 28 July 2019 in Rome from a long-illness, twelve days after his 85th birthday. George Martin (disambiguation) Sir George Martin (1926–2016) was a British record producer. George Martin may also refer to: George M. Martin George M. Martin, M.D. (born June 30, 1927, in New York City, New York) is an American biogerontologist. He received both his B.S. in Chemistry and his M.D. from the University of Washington and has been a member of its faculty since 1957. Martin is a Professor Emeritus (Active) in the Department of Pathology, Professor of Genome Sciences (Retired) and Director Emeritus of the University of Washington’s Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. George C. Martin George Coleman Martin (May 16, 1910 - May 21, 2003) was an American project engineer on the Boeing B-47 and chief project engineer of the Boeing B-52. Martin was born in Everett, Washington. After graduating from Everett High School, Martin enrolled at the University of Washington in Seattle, where he majored in aeronautical engineering. While a student at Washington, he was inducted into the Tau Beta Pi engineering honor society, and became a brother of the Alpha Kappa Lambda social fraternity. He graduated from Washington in 1931. Martin died from pneumonia in Everett, Washington, aged 93. George B. Martin George Brown Martin (August 18, 1876November 12, 1945) was an American politician. He served as a United States Senator of Kentucky. He served as senator from September 1918 though March 1919. Perry Moss Perry Lee Moss (August 4, 1926 – August 7, 2014) was an American football football player, coach, and executive. Moss played tailback at the University of Tulsa and quarterback at Illinois during the 1940s. Moss was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Moss played tailback at the University of Tulsa and quarterback at Illinois during the 1940s. He was drafted in 1948 by the Green Bay Packers. In 1987, Moss was hired as the head coach of the Chicago Bruisers of the Arena Football League. In 1991, he was named as first coach of the Orlando Predators. Moss is a member of the Florida Sports Hall of Fame. On August 7, 2014, Moss died at his home in Deltona, Florida from complications from a neuromuscular disease, aged 88. Ralph Bryans Ralph Bryans (7 March 1941 – 6 August 2014) was a Northern Irish Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. In 1965, he won the 50 cc World Championship aboard a factory-sponsored Honda. He was born in Belfast. After a short illness, Bryans died at his home in Scotland on 6 August 2014, aged 72. Danny Murphy (actor) Danny Murphy (August 20, 1955 – August 8, 2014) was an American actor. He was known for his roles in "There's Something About Mary" and in "Me, Myself, & Irene". His last movie role was in "Hall Pass". Murphy was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Murphy was a quadriplegic (handicapped) after a diving accident that took place at Martha's Vineyard in 1974. His friend and director, Peter Farrelly, was with him at the accident. Murphy criticized Farrelly for not including handicapped people in his movie "Dumb & Dumber". This lead to Murphy's first movie role in Farrelly's comedy movie "Kingpin". Murphy died in Florida from cancer, aged 58. Cristina Deutekom Cristina Deutekom, also known as "Christine Deutekom" and "Christina Deutekom" (28 August 1931 – 7 August 2014) was a Dutch coloratura soprano opera singer. Deutekom's stage career ended in 1986, when she suffered a heart attack. She sang with all the leading tenors of her time, including Carlo Bergonzi, José Carreras, Franco Corelli, Plácido Domingo, Nicolai Gedda, Alfredo Kraus, Luciano Pavarotti, and Richard Tucker. Deutekom was born in 1931 in Amsterdam as Christine (Stientje) Engel. Her career began in 1963. She died on 7 August 2014 after a fall in her home. Nicolai Gedda Nicolai Gedda (11 July 1925 – 8 January 2017) was a Swedish operatic tenor. Having made some two hundred recordings, Gedda is said to be the most widely recorded tenor in history. Gedda's singing was best known for his beauty of tone, vocal control, and musical perception. Nicolai Harry Gustav Gedda was born in Stockholm, Sweden. He was a distant relative of Peter Ustinov. Gedda died on 8 January 2017, at the age of 91. It was not announced until 9 February 2017. Tobermory, Ontario Tobermory is a small community in Ontario, Canada.It is on the northern tip of the Bruce Peninsula. It is northwest of Toronto. It is north of the nearest city, Owen Sound. It is named after Tobermory, Mull in the Scottish Inner Hebrides. Tobermory is a port city on Lake Huron. There are several shipwrecks near the community, especially in the Fathom Five National Marine Park. Many people go scuba diving to explore the wrecks. The town is also near the Bruce Peninsula National Park. Tehkummah Tehkummah is a township in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is on Manitoulin Island. At the 2011 census, 406 people lived there. The township was incorporated in 1881. It has an area of . There are several communities in the township, including South Baymouth, Tehkummah, and Snowville. Canadian Prairies The Canadian Prairies is a region of Canada. There are different ways of deciding what parts of Canada is included in this region. Usually, the Prairie provinces include Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, since these provinces include prairie areas. The prairie grasslands only cover the southern parts of these provinces. The geography of the prairie provinces also include forests, the Canadian Shield, and the Canadian Interior Plains. Northern Ontario Northern Ontario is a geographic and administrative region of the Canadian province of Ontario. It covers the part of Ontario north of Lake Huron (including Georgian Bay), the French River, Lake Nipissing, and the Mattawa River. It includes almost 87 percent of the province but only six percent of the province's population lives in the area. Most of Northern Ontario is on the Canadian Shield. The region has a land area of 802,000 square kilometers (310,000 square miles). The total population in 2011 was 732,914. Sometimes the region is divided into Northeastern Ontario and Northwestern Ontario. Northwestern Ontario covers the three westernmost disctricts of the region: Rainy River, Kenora, and Thunder Bay. Northestern Ontario covers the other districts and has two-thirds of the regions population. Wannabe (song) "Wannabe" is a 1996 dance-pop song from the Spice Girls. This was the first song from the group. "Wannabe" mixes rap and dance-pop. The lyrics talk about female friendship. The song varies between two minutes/fifty-two seconds to just over nine minutes in length. It was released in July 1996. The song got mixed reviews. In the United States, it hit #1 for around four weeks on the "Billboard" Hot 100. It sold more than seven million copies worldwide. Instruments used are bass guitar, drums and vocals. In their home country of the UK, it spent 7 weeks at No.1 during the Summer of 1996. Integrated Authority File The Integrated Authority File () or GND is an international authority file. It is used by librarians for the organisation of personal names, subject headings and corporate bodies. It is used mainly for documentation in libraries and increasingly also by archives and museums. The GND is managed by the German National Library in cooperation with various library networks in German-speaking Europe and other partners. The GND falls under the Creative Commons Zero (CC0) license. Predecessors. The Integrated Authority File became operational in April 2012 and integrates the content of the following authority files which have since been discontinued: At the time of its introduction (“GND-Grundbestand” from 5 April 2012), the GND holds 9,493,860 files, including 2,650,000 personalized names. 2014 Citi Open The 2014 Citi Open (named as a result of a sponsor) is a tennis tournament which takes place on outdoor Hardcourts. It started on 26 July and will end on 3 August. The tournament is in the 46th year of the Washington Open which is a tournament that takes place yearly. The tournament is part of the 2014 ATP World Tour and 2014 WTA Tour. It is used to prepare players for the 2014 US Open. Seeded players. A seed is a competitor who is given special placement in a tournament. This is so they do not meet the best players until the later rounds in the tournament. Usually they meet in the third round and may have received a pass into the second round. Scott Ciencin Malcolm Scott Ciencin (September 1, 1962 – August 5, 2014) was an American writer of adult and children's' fiction. He wrote over ninety books in his career. He was a "New York Times" bestselling author. He co-authored many books with his wife Denise Ciencin. He also wrote comic books, screenplays and video games. He was connected with "Dungeons & Dragons" and "Dinotopia". Ciencin died from a brain blood clot on August 5, 2014 in Sarasota, Florida. He was 52. Johann Pestalozzi Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (12 January 1746 – 17 February 1827) was a Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer. He was a humanist and romantic in his approach. He founded several schools in German and French-speaking regions of Switzerland, and wrote explaining his principles of education. His motto was "Learning by head, hand and heart". In 1780 Pestalozzi published anonymously a series of aphorisms, entitled "The Evening Hours of a Hermit". They are his earliest works which outline ideas that would later be known as Pestalozzian. He drew from these experiences and published four volumes of a story titled "Leonard and Gertrude". These four volumes are about the lives of four characters: Gertrude, Glüphi, an unnamed parish clergyman and Arner. Gertrude is a wife and mother who teaches her children how to live moral upstanding lives. Glüphi, a school teacher, sees the success Gertrude has with her children and tries to model his school around her teachings. A parish clergyman also adopts Gertrude's teachings. The work of Gertrude, Glüphi and the clergyman are helped by Arner, a politician, who gets help from the state. Through these four, harmony is achieved and a comprehensive education is offered to all people. His next endeavor, "Enquiries into the course of nature in the development of the human race", was not so popular. His education was built on the idea that all understanding can be achieved through a psychologically ordered sequence of learning. Pestalozzi's method was used by the cantonal school in Aarau that Albert Einstein attended. It has been credited with helping Einstein's process of visualizing problems and his use of thought experiments. Einstein said of his education at Aarau: "it made me clearly realize how much superior an education based on free action and personal responsibility is to one relying on outward authority." Vicente Trueba Vicente Trueba Pérez (October 16, 1905 in Sierrapando, Cantabria – November 10, 1986) was a Spanish professional cyclist. He is famous for being the first winner of the King of the Mountains in the Tour de France. This is a competition for the best climber in the race. It was first held in 1933. Viacom (original) Viacom (short for Video & Audio Communications) was an American media company. It was founded in New York City in 1971. The company existed until 2005 when the company changed its name to CBS Corporation. Viacom made television programs and television networks. Networks created by Viacom including CBS, UPN, MTV, CMT, MTV2, Nickelodeon, Nick Jr., Nicktoons TV, The N and Nickelodeon Games and Sports for Kids. The company was owned by Columbia Broadcasting System until 1973. After this, it was an independant company. In 1986, it was sold to National Amusements. In March 2005, Viacom announced that it would be splitting into two companies. This happened on December 31, 2005. The existing Viacom was renamed CBS Corporation, and a new company named Viacom was created. EVA Air EVA Airways Corporation (pronounced "E-V-A Air(ways)"; ) () is a major Taiwanese airline. It has services to over 40 international destinations in Asia, Australia, Europe and North America.<ref>"Taiwan's EVA Air to launch charter flights to Saipan". "AFX News Limited". 2007-03-22. Retrieved 2008-09-07 <!-- TransAsia Airways TransAsia Airways (TNA; ) is an airline based in the Neihu District, Taipei, Taiwan. It was the first private civil airline in Taiwan. Andriy Bal Andriy Mykhailovych Bal (, , "Andrey Mikhaylovich Bal"; 16 January 1958 – 9 August 2014) was a Soviet and Ukrainian football midfielder and coach. Bal has played for the USSR national football team 20 times, and scored 1 goal., a 20-meter strike in the game against Brazil at the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain. Bal died at 8 August 2014 during a football match of veteran teams as a result of a blood clot. Neihu District Neihu District is a district of Taipei City, Taiwan. Neihu means "inner lake." The older name originates from the Ketagalan word "Tayour" (transliterated by the Dutch as "Cattajo"), meaning woman's head ornament. Economy. TransAsia Airways is headquartered in the district. RT-Mart also has its headquarters in the district. Robert Venturi Robert Charles Venturi, Jr. (June 26, 1925 – September 18, 2018) was an American architect. He was married to architect Denise Scott Brown. In 1991, Venturi won the Pritzker Prize. Venturi died on September 18, 2018 from complications of Alzheimer's disease in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, aged 93. Carlo Rambaldi Carlo Rambaldi (September 15, 1925 – August 10, 2012) was an Italian special effects artist. He is known for designing the alien E.T. in for the movie "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial" (1982) and the mechanical head-effects for the creature in "Alien" (1979) (for each of them Rambaldi won an Oscar). Kyle Chandler Kyle Martin Chandler (born September 17, 1965) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Deputy Jackson Lamb in the movie "Super 8" and as Hamilton Jordan in the movie "Argo". In television shows, Chandler is known for his roles in "Early Edition" as Gary Hobson, "Grey's Anatomy" as Dylan Young, and as Coach Eric Taylor in "Friday Night Lights". He has won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 2011. He appeared in the 2019 movie "". Tame Tame may refer to: TAME TAME (TAME EP Linea Aerea del Ecuador), is the flag carrier and the largest airline of Ecuador. They are based in Quito, Pichincha. Its main hub is Mariscal Sucre International Airport in Quito. 2 Become 1 "2 Become 1" is a pop ballad by the girl group Spice Girls. The song lyrics talk about the bonding of two lovers. They also talk about the importance of contraception. This song was released in December 1996 in the United Kingdom. It became their third consecutive chart-topper there. In the United States, the song was released in July 1997. "2 Become 1" peaked at #4 on "Billboard" Hot 100. Aeroméxico Aerovías de México, S.A. de C.V. (Airways of Mexico, SA de CV), operating as AeroMéxico, is the flag carrier airline of Mexico. It is based in Colonia Cuauhtémoc, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City. It operates scheduled services to over 56 destinations. Its main base is Mexico City International Airport in Mexico City. The secondary hubs include Guadalajara, Monterrey and Hermosillo. Aeromexico currently has 63 airplanes and goes to 58 cities. Saint Afram Syriac Orthodox Cathedral The Saint Afram Syriac Orthodox Cathedral is a Syriac Orthodox cathedral in Södertälje in Sweden. It was opened in 1983, and is governed by the Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate's Representation in Sweden. Saint Jacob of Nsibin Syriac Orthodox Cathedral The Saint Jacob of Nsibin Syriac Orthodox Cathedral is a Syriac Orthodox cathedral in Södertälje, Sweden, located at Hovsjö Industrial Park and governed by the Syriac-Orthodox Archdiocese of Scandinavia. Construction begun in October 2007, and the church was opened on 17 May 2009. John Woodland Hastings John Woodland "Woody" Hastings, PhD., (March 24, 1927 – August 6, 2014) was an American scientist, educator, and writer. Early life. Hastings was born in Salisbury, Maryland. He lived in Seaford, Delaware during his early childhood. Hastings studied at Cathedral of Saint John the Divine. Hastings moved to Lenox School in Lenox, Massachusetts in 1941. Career. Hastings was a leader in the field of photobiology, especially bioluminescence. He was one of the founders of the field of circadian biology (the study of circadian rhythms, or the sleep-wake cycle). He was a professor at Harvard University. He has published over 400 papers and co-edited three books. Death. Hastings died of pulmonary fibrosis on August 6, 2014 at Lexington, Massachusetts. Salisbury, Maryland Salisbury is a city in southeastern Maryland, USA. It is the county seat of Wicomico County and the largest city in the state's Eastern Shore region. The population was 30,343 at the 2010 census. Lenox, Massachusetts Lenox is a town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 5,025 at the 2010 census. Ealing Art College Ealing Art College was a school of higher education. It was on St Mary's Road, in Ealing, London, England. The art school began in 1957. In the early 1960s, the School of Art taught fashion design, graphic design, photography, music and art. The college was attended by Freddie Mercury, Ronnie Wood and Pete Townshend, who later became famous rock music performers. There was also a School of Liberal Arts. It taught language courses in French, Spanish, German and Russian. On the campus site now is the University of West London. Good Times Good Times is an American sitcom that originally aired from February 8, 1974, until August 1, 1979, on CBS. It was created by Eric Monte and Mike Evans, and developed by Norman Lear, the series' primary executive producer. "Good Times" is a spin-off of "Maude", which is itself a spin-off of "All in the Family". It is set in Chicago, Illinois. Jimmie Walker James Carter "Jimmie" Walker, Jr. (born June 25, 1947) is an American actor and comedian. He was known for playing James Evans Jr. (J.J.) on the CBS television series "Good Times", which ran from 1974 to 1979. Transport in Hong Kong Hong Kong has a complex transport network. It includes both public and private transport. Over 90% of the daily use is on public transport. That is the highest rate in the world. The Octopus card is an electronic money system. It became available in September 1997. Passengers can use it in every station of the Mass Transit Railway (MTR) system. The card can be used to pay for public transport, parking meters, convenience stores, supermarkets, fast-food restaurants and most vending machines. Charles Keating (actor) Charles Keating (22 October 1941 – 9 August 2014) was a British actor and narrator of audiobooks. Keating was known for his roles in "All My Children" and in "Another World". He won a Daytime Emmy Award in 1996 for his role in "Another World". Keating died on 9 August 2014 from cancer, aged 72. John Woodvine John Woodvine (born 21 July 1929) is an English actor. He is known for his role as Det. Insp. Witty in "Z-Cars". He is also known for his roles in "An American Werewolf in London", "Murder with Mirrors", "Persuasion", and in "Joe Maddison's War". Woodvine was born in Tyne Dock, South Shields, County Durham, England. He was studied at Lord Williams's School and at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. Brian Friel Brian Friel (9 January 1929 – 2 October 2015) was an Irish dramatist, author and director of the Field Day Theatre Company. Until his death, he was thought to be one of the greatest living English-language dramatists. Friel is best known for plays such as "Philadelphia, Here I Come!" and "Dancing at Lughnasa", but has written more than thirty plays in a career spanning for sixty years. Death. Friel died after a long illness on 2 October 2015 in Greencastle, County Donegal. He was 86. Reagan, Indiana Reagan is an unincorporated community in Jackson Township, Clinton County, Indiana. Rod de'Ath Roderick Morris Buckenham "Rod" de'Ath (18 June 1950 – 1 August 2014) was a Welsh rock musician and record producer. He was best known for being his work with Irish guitarist Rory Gallagher in the 1970s. He was Gallagher's drummer from 1972 until 29 April 1978. During this time, Northern Irish musician Lou Martin was Gallagher's keyboardist. He was also a member of the North London-based rock band Killing Floor, founded in 1968. Rod de'Ath was born in Saundersfoot, Pembrokeshire. In 1987, he was injured badly in a train accident that caused him to lose an eye and have brain damage, putting him into a coma. After this, de'Ath was stated to be dead in many obituaries. However, he made an appearance a few months after Rory Gallagher's death to prove he was alive. Rod de'Ath died after a long illness on 1 August 2014 in London, England, aged 64. Peggy Noonan Margaret Ellen "Peggy" Noonan (born September 7, 1950) is an American author of seven books. Her books are mostly about politics, religion, and culture. She is a weekly columnist for "The Wall Street Journal". She was a primary speech writer and Special Assistant to President Ronald Reagan. In her political writings, Noonan writes about the politician she likes. They include Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Abraham Lincoln, and Edmund Burke. Family Matters Family Matters is an American sitcom which originated on ABC from September 22, 1989 to May 9, 1997 and then aired on CBS from September 19, 1997 to July 17, 1998. It ran for nine seasons. It is set in Chicago, Illinois. Google Street View Google Street View is a feature that is used by Google Maps and Google Earth to show various streets throughout the world. Urban areas have the most pictures; many rural areas have none. The program was launched on May 25, 2007 and now has 48 countries with full or partial coverage. John George Bartholomew John George Bartholomew (22 March 1860 - 14 April 1920) was a British cartographer and geographer. Because he had a royal warrant, he used the name "Cartographer to the King". He is also known as "the Prince of Cartography." Bartholomew is best known for naming the continent Antarctica, which before was ignored because of its lack of resources and bad weather. Biography. Bartholomew came from a family of great map-makers. He was the son of Scottish cartographer John Bartholomew Junior and grandson of the founder of a very popular map-making company named John Bartholomew and Son Ltd. Bartholomew helped make John Bartholomew and Son Ltd. one of the best in the business. During this time, he also introduced the use of colored contour layer maps; he also helped future travelers by making many maps of major cities, railroads, and so on. He worked with major scientific figures and travelers on projects involving their studies. During his life, he worked on an Atlas of Meteorology and Atlas of Zoo geography, however, he never finished. Before he died he was able to plan out the first edition of the Times Survey Atlas of the World; which would later become the most successful atlas project of the twentieth century. Legacy. Bartholomew received the Victoria Research Gold Medal and Helen Carver medal. He was also put in the Royal Geographical Society. Nimrod Expedition The British Antarctic Expedition 1907–09 was also called the Nimrod Expedition. It was the first of three expeditions to the Antarctic led by Ernest Shackleton. The purpose of the journey was to reach the South Pole. They did not reach the South Pole. They had to turn back, 180.6 kilometers (112.2 miles) away from their destination. This was much nearer the Pole than anyone else had come. The group was also the first to climb Mount Erebus. The group returned as heroes. Shackleton received many awards. These included a knighthood from King Edward VIII. Three years later, a group led by Roald Amundsen was first to arrive at the South Pole. Cercopithecinae The Cercopithecinae are an important subfamily of Old World monkeys. There are 12 genera and about 71 species. the baboons, the macaques and the vervet monkeys. Most of then live in sub-Saharan Africa, but the macaques range from the far eastern parts of Asia through northern Africa, and Gibraltar. Characteristics. The various species are adapted to the different terrains they inhabit. Tree-dwelling (arboreal) species are slim, delicate and have a long tail. Ground-dwelling species are heavier, and their tail may be small or nonexistent. All species have well-developed thumbs. Like many Old World monkeys, they have pads on their bottoms. These are called "ischial callosities". They let the monkeys sleep sitting upright on thin branches, beyond reach of predators, without falling off. In some species, these pads change their colour during the mating period. These monkeys are active in the daytime, and live together in social groups. They live in all types of terrain and climate, from cool mountains to rain forests, savannah, bald rocky areas or even snowy mountains, as does the Japanese macaque. Most species are omnivorous, with diets ranging from fruits, leaves, seeds, buds, and mushrooms to insects and spiders to smaller vertebrates. All species have cheek pouches in which they can store food. Gestation lasts approximately six to seven months. Young are weaned after three to 12 months and are fully mature within three to five years. The life expectancy of some species can be as long as 50 years. Sodium cyclamate Sodium cyclamate is an artificial sweetener. It is 30 to 50 times sweeter than sugar. Even though other artificial sweeteners are more potent, sodium cyclamate is often used because of its taste, which is close to natuarally occurring sugar. Some studies have found that sodium cyclamate causes cancer. For this reason, its use is forbidden in the United States. In the European Union, the use in certain kinds of products is limited (to a maximal dose). Token Ring Token Ring is a networking protocol for Local area networks. It uses token passing at the data link layer. The token has two states, either it is free, or it is taken, and data follows. When a computer has a message to send, it appends the message to the token, and sets the token state to taken. Each workstation along the ring sees the message. If the workstation was the recipient of the message, it sends a new empty token, otherwise it passes the token along. Since the only way to send data is to wait for an empty token, there will be no collisions. Token ring is the network that has fair access for all its connected workstations or host. Token Ring was mainly used by IBM in the 1970s to 1990s, today, Ethernet has replaced it in many applications. Claude Bertrand (neurosurgeon) Claude Bertrand (March 28, 1917 – August 7, 2014) was a Canadian neurosurgeon. Bertrand was born in Sherbrooke, Quebec. He received a Bachelor of Arts in 1934 and a Doctor of Medicine from Université de Montréal in 1940. He went to Oxford in 1946. In 1971, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada "for his research work and his contribution to the advancement of neurosurgery". He died on August 7, 2014. Bud Spencer Bud Spencer (born Carlo Pedersoli; 31 October 1929 – 27 June 2016) was an Italian actor, filmmaker and a former professional swimmer. He was known for working on comedy movies with his longtime friend Terence Hill. Spencer is known for his roles in "They Call Me Trinity", "Trinity Is Still My Name", "Crime Busters", "Miami Supercops", and in "Troublemakers". Vimmerby Vimmerby is a city and the seat of Vimmerby Municipality, Kalmar County, Sweden. In 2010, 7,934 people lived there. Nacka Nacka is the municipal seat of Nacka Municipality and part of Stockholm urban area in Sweden. Tureberg Tureberg is a neighbourhood in Sollentuna Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden. In 2011, 15,560 people lived there. It is a Stockholm suburb and houses the local government seat for the municipality as well as a large shopping mall and a Stockholm commuter rail station. Tureberg has also evolved as a law enforcement center for the northern part of metropolitan Stockholm, with police station, court house, prosecutor's office, and a jail, all in buildings built in the 1980s and onwards. The present courthouse was inaugurated in 2010. Who Do You Think You Are "Who Do You Think You Are" is a 1997 song from Spice Girls. The song's lyrics are about superstar life and how anyone can get trapped in the world of fame. The song has a disco-style beat which resembles music of the late 1970s. The song was a commercial and critical success. The voice of singer Melanie Chisholm was praised by pop music critics. It became their fourth number one song in Europe and the United Kingdom. Spice Up Your Life "Spice Up Your Life" is a 1997 dance pop song performed by Spice Girls. This single was from Spice Girls' second album "Spiceworld". The song received lukewarm reaction from the critics. Despite this, however, the song became a commercial success. Charles T. Payne Charles Thomas Payne (February 20, 1925 – August 1, 2014) was an American military personal. He served in the U.S. military during World War II as a member of the U.S. Army's 89th Infantry Division. Payne was in the infantry that freed many Holocaust survivors from Ohrdruf, a sub-camp of the Buchenwald concentration camp. Payne was the great-uncle of President Barack Obama. Payne died in Chicago, Illinois, aged 89. Peru, Kansas Peru is a city in Chautauqua County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 139. The Vampire Diaries The Vampire Diaries is an American television series. It premiered on September 10, 2009 on The CW. The show ended on March 10, 2017. Pierre Ryckmans Pierre Ryckmans (28 September 1935 – 11 August 2014), also known by his pen name Simon Leys, was a Belgian-Australian diplomat, writer, sinologist, essayist and literary critic. He wrote in many language including Chinese, French and English. He wrote the novel "Chinese Shadows" ("Ombres Chinoises") in 1974 in French, which was later translated to English in 1977. He was also the Professor of Chinese Studies at the University of Sydney in Sydney, New South Wales from 1987 until 1993. Ryckmans was born in Brussels. He studied Chinese culture, art and literature in Hong Kong, Taiwan and China. He moved to Australia in 1970. He later taught Chinese in many universities all over the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales. He was married and had four children. Ryckmans died from cancer on 11 August 2014 in Sydney, aged 78. Hova Hova is a locality and one of the two seats of Gullspång Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden, the other is Gullspång. In 2010, 1,288 people lived there. Gustavsberg, Värmdö Gustavsberg is a locality and the seat of Värmdö Municipality in Stockholm County, Sweden. In 2010, 11,333 people lived there. It is most known for its porcelain factory, Gustavsberg porcelain, and toilet bowls distributed nationwide and internationally. Älvdalen Älvdalen is a locality and the seat of Älvdalen Municipality in Dalarna County, Sweden. In 2010, 1,810 people lived there. The town is widely known for being the place of manufacturing, in 1839, of the 4-meter granite vase (called "Älvdalen Vase"), installed in the Summer Garden in Saint Petersburg (a gift from Charles XIV John of Sweden to Nicholas I of Russia). Gladys Horton Gladys Catherine Horton (May 30, 1945 – January 26, 2011) (various sources cite her year of birth as 1944) was an American R&B and pop musician. She was the lead singer and founder of the all female group The Marvelettes. Their song "Please Mr. Postman" was the first No.1 US hit for Motown Records. Horton was born in Jacksonville, Florida. She was raised in the Detroit area. Different sources say that she was born in 1943, 1944 or 1945. On 26 January 2011 she died in a Sherman Oaks nursing home. Her death was from complications following a stroke. Annie Girardot Annie Girardot (25 October 1931 – 28 February 2011) was a French actress. She played independent, hard-working and lonely women in many of her movies. She played Françoise in "Love is a Funny Thing". She also played Marie Louise in "Hearth Fires". Girardot was born in Paris. She died there from Alzheimer's disease at age seventy-nine. Please Mr. Postman "Please Mr. Postman" is the first single of The Marvelettes on the Motown record label. This was the first Motown song to reach #1 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 pop chart. The song was released in the summer of 1961. The song was also recorded by The Carpenters in 1974. Their single also hit #1 on "Billboard" Hot 100. Canadian Hockey League The Canadian Hockey League (or CHL) is an umbrella organization for junior ice hockey leagues in Canada. There are three leagues with the CHL: the Western Hockey League, the Ontario Hockey League, and the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The three leagues have a total of sixty teams, fifty-two in Canada and eight in the United States. At the end of the leagues' season, the league champions play for the Memorial Cup, as the champion of the CHL. Ontario Highway 17 Ontario Highway 17 is a provincial highway in Ontario, Canada. It is long. This makes it Ontario's longest highway. It starts on the border with Manitoba, near Kenora. It ends near Arnprior where the highway merges with Ontario Highway 417. Highway 17 forms the Ontario part of the Trans-Canada Highway. Julián Berrendero Julián Berrendero Martín (born San Agustín del Guadalix, 8 April 1912, died Madrid, 1 August 1995) was a Spanish cyclist. He is famous for winning the Vuelta a España in 1941 and 1942. In 1936 he won the polka dot jersey at the Tour de France for the best climber in the race. He also won two mountains jerseys at the Vuelta a España. Shree Krishna Shrestha Shree Krishna Shrestha (April 19, 1967 – August 10, 2014) () was a Nepalese actor. He achieved nation wide recognition with roles in movies like "Maiti" and "Afno Manche". Shrestha died in New Delhi, India from pneumonia, aged 44. He is survived by his wife Sweta Khadka, for whom he was married to for only a month. Vladimir Beara Vladimir Beara (2 November 1928 – 11 August 2014) was a Yugoslav football player, as goalkeeper, and also football manager. Beara played for Hajduk Split (1946–55) Beara played 308 games, and helped his team to win the Yugoslav league title in 1950, 1952 and 1955. Beara died in Split, Croatia, aged 85. Schopenhauer Society The Schopenhauer Society is a German literary and philosophical society. It is a community that studies the writings, the life, and the influence of the German philosopher, Arthur Schopenhauer. The society was formed in 1911 in Frankfurt by Paul Deussen, a Sanskrit scholar. Well-known members were Arthur Hübscher and Alfred Schmidt. Raymond Gravel Raymond Gravel (November 4, 1952 – August 11, 2014) was an Canadian Catholic priest from the Canadian province of Quebec. He was formerly the Member of Parliament for the riding of Repentigny, as a member of the Bloc Québécois. He was elected to the House of Commons in a November 27, 2006 by-election following the death of Benoît Sauvageau. Gravel died of lung cancer in Lanaudière, Quebec. He was 61. Pat O'Brien (personality) Patrick John "Pat" O'Brien (born February 14, 1948) is an American author and radio host. He was best known for his work as a sportscaster with CBS Sports from 1981 to 1997, as well as his work as the anchor and host of "Access Hollywood" from 1997 to 2004, and "The Insider" from 2004 to 2008. Tiburon, California Tiburon is an incorporated town in Marin County, California. The population was 8,962 at the 2010 census. 333 Wacker Drive 333 Wacker Drive is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States. It is 149 meters (489 feet) tall and has 36 floors. It was built in 1979 and opened in 1983. It is one of the tallest buildings in the Chicago that are along the Chicago River. The building has featured in many movies. Famously, it is in "Ferris Bueller's Day Off". It was voted Chicago's favorite building by the Chicago Tribune in 1995. Sam Elliott Sam Elliott (b. August 9, 1944) is an American actor. A combination of his tall and slim physique, along with deep resonant voice have led to him being cast as cowboys and ranchers in Westerns. He played General John Buford in "Gettysburg". He began doing the voice of Smokey Bear in 2008. He was born in Sacramento, California. 111 South Wacker Drive 111 South Wacker Drive is an office tower in Chicago. Completed in 2005 at 681 feet (208 m), the 51 story blue-glass structure is one of the tallest in the city. It sits on the site of the former U.S. Gypsum Building. 77 West Wacker Drive 77 West Wacker Drive, previously the United Building, is an office building in the Chicago Loop. It was finished in 1992. The building rises to a height of 668 ft (204 m) with around of interior space. The building, with 51 floors, was designed by Ricardo Bofill. It was formerly known as the RR Donnelley Building. In 2007, the building became the corporate headquarters of United Airlines. Ricardo Bofill Ricardo Bofill Leví (; 5 December 1939 – 14 January 2022) is a Spanish architect. He works for Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura. Bofill was born into a family of builders in 1939 in Barcelona, Spain. He studied at the Barcelona University School of Architecture and graduated from the School of Geneva. At the age of seventeen Ricardo Bofill designed his first project, a summer home in Ibiza, and by twenty-three became lead architect of el Taller. Bofill has created over 1000 projects to date in over 50 countries. Bofill has two sons, both of whom worked with him at Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura: Ricardo Emilio (born 1965) and Pablo (born 1980). He lived in Barcelona together with designer . Ricardo Bofill died in Barcelona on 14 January 2022, at the age of 82 from COVID-19. Harbor Point (skyscraper) Harbor Point Condominiums is a residential and commercial building in Chicago, Illinois, United States, on Lake Michigan. It was built in 1972. Standing nearly with 54 floors, it is one of the tallest buildings in Chicago. It is located near Navy Pier. 340 on the Park 340 on the Park is a residential tower in the Lakeshore East development of the neighborhood of New Eastside/ East Loop Chicago. It was completed in 2007. The building was surpassed by 55 East Erie as the tallest all-residential building in Chicago. It is currently the second tallest all-residential building in Chicago (One Museum Park being the current tallest) at 672 feet (205 meters) with 62 floors. Blue Cross Blue Shield Tower The Blue Cross Blue Shield Tower (BCBS) is located on the north end of Grant Park along E. Randolph Street at the NE corner of Randolph and Columbus Drive, in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is home to the headquarters of Health Care Service Corporation. 155 North Wacker 155 North Wacker is a 48-story skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois designed by Goettsch Partners and was developed by the John Buck Company. It is 638 feet (195 m) tall. It has received LEED silver pre-certification. 35 East Wacker 35 East Wacker, also known as the Jewelers' Building, is a 40-story historic building in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois, USA. It is located at the intersections of Wabash Avenue, and facing the Chicago River. It was built from 1925 to 1927. It was co-designed by Joachim G. Giaver and Frederick P. Dinkelberg. Tribune Tower The Tribune Tower is a neo-Gothic building located at 435 North Michigan Avenue in Chicago, Illinois, USA. It is the home of the "Chicago Tribune" and Tribune Company. It stands at 462 feet (141 m). The buildings in known for having pieces of famous landmarks across the world including; the World Trade Center, the Berlin Wall, Lincoln's Tomb, the Great Pyramid, the Great Wall of China, and The Alamo. Pittsfield Building The Pittsfield Building, is a 38-story skyscraper located at 55 E. Washington Street in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois, USA, that was the city's tallest building at the time of its completion. The building was designated as a Chicago Landmark on November 6, 2002. Carbide & Carbon Building The Carbide & Carbon Building is a Chicago landmark located at 230 N. Michigan Avenue. The building, which was built in 1929, is an example of Art Deco architecture. It was designed by Burnham Brothers. The architect was Daniel Burnham. The Carbide and Carbon Building was originally home to the regional office of Union Carbide and Carbon Co., which later became Union Carbide Corp. The skyscraper was designated a Chicago Landmark on May 9, 1996. It was built as a skyscraper office tower. The building has 37 floors and is tall. The top of the building is covered in pure gold. It is also modeled as a wine glass to show a resistance against the prohibition of alcohol in the United States. Boeing International Headquarters The Boeing International Headquarters (colloquially known as the Boeing Building and formerly known as the Morton International Building) is a 36-floor skyscraper located in the Near West Side of Chicago. The building has been made the corporate headquarters for Boeing, which decided in 2001 to move to Chicago from Seattle. 55 East Erie Street 55 East Erie is an all-residential skyscraper in Chicago. It is at 647 ft (197 m). I was designed by Fujikawa Johnson & Associates and Searl & Associates Architects. It is 56 stories tall. The building was completed in 2004. It is the fourth-tallest all-residential building in the United States after Trump World Tower in New York City, One Museum Park in Chicago, and the nearby 340 on the Park completed in 2007 in Chicago. Waldorf Astoria Chicago The Waldorf Astoria Chicago, formerly the Elysian Hotel Chicago, is a luxury hotel located at 11 East Walton Street in the Gold Coast area of Chicago, Illinois. Construction began in 2006 and was open in 2010. It stands at 686 ft (209 m). Joe Viskocil Joseph "Joe" Viskocil (December 21, 1952 – August 11, 2014) was an American visual effects artist. He had over 80 credits between 1974 and 2014. His movie credits include ' (1977) ' (1980), "The Terminator" (1984) and "" (1991). For "Independence Day" (1996), he won an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects at the 69th Academy Awards in 1997. Viskocil died on August 11, 2014 in Los Angeles, California from complications from multiple organ failure, aged 61. Home Insurance Building The Home Insurance Building was a skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. It was the first building to be called a skyscraper. It was also the first tall building to be supported, both inside and outside, by a fireproof metal frame. It used to stand at 138 ft (42 m). William Le Baron Jenney designed the building. History. The Home Insurance Building was built in 1884 in Chicago, Illinois, USA. It was the first tall building to use structural steel in its frame. Most of its structure was made of cast and wrought iron. While the Ditherington Flax Mill was an earlier fireproof-metal-framed building, it was only five stories tall. The site. The Field Building, later known as the La Salle Bank Building and now the Bank of America Building, built in 1931, now stands on the site. In 1932, owners placed a plaque in the southwest section of the lobby reading: One Magnificent Mile One Magnificent Mile (or One Mag Mile) is a mixed-use high-rise tower located in Chicago, Illinois. It was completed in 1983 at the northern end of Michigan Avenue on the Magnificent Mile. It stands at 673.01 ft (205 m). 181 West Madison Street 181 West Madison Street is a skyscraper in Chicago. Built in 1990, the building is 680 feet (207 m) tall and has 50 floors. It is architect Cesar Pelli's first and only completed tower in the city. The building was originally proposed to be 2,000 foot (610 m), but the size was reduced due to the stock market. 330 North Wabash 330 North Wabash (formerly IBM Plaza also known as IBM Building and now renamed AMA Plaza) is a skyscraper in downtown Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is at 330 N. Wabash Avenue. It was designed by famed architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (who died in 1969 before construction began). The 52-story building is overlooking the Chicago River. It stands 695 feet (211,8 meters). Civic Opera House (Chicago) The Civic Opera House is an opera house located at 20 North Wacker Drive in Chicago. It is part of a building which contains a 45-story office tower and two 22-story wings, known as the Civic Opera Building. This structure opened on November 4, 1929 and has an Art Deco interior. The Civic Opera House has 3,563 seats, making it the second-largest opera auditorium in North America. Built for the Chicago Civic Opera, today it is the permanent home of the Lyric Opera of Chicago. The Parkshore The Parkshore is a 556ft (169m) tall skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. It was completed in 1991 and has 56 floors. Barancik Conte designed the building. The Parkshore is the 53rd tallest in Chicago. Palmolive Building The Palmolive Building, formerly the Playboy Building, is a 37-story Art Deco building at 919 N. Michigan Avenue in Chicago. It was built by Holabird & Root. It was completed in 1929. It was home to the Colgate-Palmolive-Peet corporation. Lake Point Tower Lake Point Tower is a high-rise residential building located on the shore of Lake Michigan in downtown Chicago, just north of the Chicago River at 505 North Lake Shore Drive. It is in the Streeterville neighborhood of the Near North Side community area. The building is also the only skyscraper in downtown Chicago east of Lake Shore Drive. It is 645 ft (197 m) tall. Chicago Temple Building The Chicago Temple Building is a 173-meter (568 foot) tall skyscraper church located at 77 W. Washington St. in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is home of the First United Methodist Church of Chicago. It was completed in 1924 and has 23 floors dedicated to religious and office use. It is the tallest church building in the world, although Ulm Minster is the tallest church in the world. One South Dearborn One South Dearborn is a 571 ft (174m) tall skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. It was constructed from 2003 to 2005 and has 39 floors. DeStefano Keating Partners designed the building, which is the 47th tallest in Chicago. The current anchor tenant is Sidley Austin LLP, which moved into One South Dearborn in November 2005. Inland Steel Building The Inland Steel Building, located at 30 W. Monroe Street in Chicago is one of the city's defining commercial high-rises of the post-World War II era of modern architecture. It was built in the years 1956–1957 and was the first skyscraper to be built in the Chicago Loop following the Great Depression of the 1930s. Its principal designers were Bruce Graham and Walter Netsch of the Skidmore, Owings & Merrill architecture firm. 190 South LaSalle Street 190 South LaSalle Street is a 573 ft (175m) tall skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. It was completed in 1987 and has 40 floors. Johnson/Burgee Architects designed the building, which is the 57th tallest building in Chicago. The Fordham The Fordham is one of the tallest residential buildings in Chicago. The 52-story building was completed in 2003 at a height of 574 ft (175 m) and features a château-like roof. It was designed by Solomon, Cordwell, Buenz and Associates and developed by the Fordham Company. The Fordham contains some of the most expensive residential units in Chicago with penthouses occupying the top ten floors of the building. The Grant The Grant (formerly One Museum Park West) is the companion structure to One Museum Park in the Near South Side community area (neighborhood) in Chicago, Illinois, USA. It is located at the north end of the Central Station development. It stands at 181 metres (594 ft). Chicago Union Station Union Station is a major railroad station that opened in 1925 in Chicago. It replaced an earlier station built in 1881. It is now the only intercity rail terminal in Chicago, as well as being the city's primary terminal for commuter trains. The station stands on the west side of the Chicago River between West Adams Street and West Jackson Boulevard, just outside the Chicago Loop. Including approach and storage tracks, it is about nine and a half city blocks in size. Its facilities are mostly underground, buried beneath streets and skyscrapers. It is located near the Willis Tower. Holy Name Cathedral (Chicago) Holy Name Cathedral, formally the Cathedral of the Holy Name, is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago, one of the largest Roman Catholic dioceses in the United States. It is also the parish church of the Archbishop of Chicago. It is located in Chicago, Illinois in the United States, Holy Name Cathedral replaced the Cathedral of Saint Mary and the Church of the Holy Name, both destroyed by the Great Chicago Fire in October 1871. The cathedral was finally dedicated on November 21, 1875. Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago () was established as a diocese in 1843 and as an archdiocese in 1880. This local church is shepherded by Blase J. Cupich. It is one of the largest Roman Catholic dioceses in the United States. Leadership: Pope Francis, Cardinal Blase Cupich Michael Pfleger Michael Louis Pfleger (born May 22, 1949) is an American Roman Catholic priest and a social activist. He is a very known priest in Chicago, Illinois. He was ordained a priest for the Archdiocese of Chicago on May 14, 1975. Madison Plaza Madison Plaza is a skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. The building rises 599 feet (182 m) in the Chicago Loop. It has 45 floors. It was completed in 1982. Madison Plaza currently stands as the 36th-tallest building in the city. Millennium Centre (Chicago) Millennium Centre is a postmodern skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois in the city's Near North Side neighborhood. The building rises 610 feet (186 m). It contains 59 floors, and was completed in 2003. Chicago Place Chicago Place is a mixed-use high-rise on the 700 block of North Michigan Avenue (between Huron and Superior) in Chicago along the Magnificent Mile anchored by Saks Fifth Avenue. Above that is a tower containing condominiums. 353 North Clark 353 North Clark is a tall skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. The building began construction in 2007 and was completed in 2009. It has 45 floors with a total of of floorspace. NBC Tower The NBC Tower is an office tower on the Near North Side of Chicago, Illinois, United States located at 454 North Columbus Drive (455 North Cityfront Plaza is also used as a vanity address for the building) in downtown Chicago's Magnificent Mile area. It was completed in 1989, the 37-story building reaches a height of 627 feet (191 m). NBC's Chicago offices, studios, and owned-and-operated station WMAQ-TV are located here as of 1989. Formerly its former radio sister WMAQ/WSCR was located here. WSNS-TV is also located here. The Heritage at Millennium Park The Heritage at Millennium Park is a skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. It is located at 130 N. Garland Court. It is a mixed-use tower. Completed in 2005, with a height of 631 feet and 57 floors. Lena Philipsson Maria Magdalena "Lena" Philipsson (also known as Lena PH; born January 19, 1966) is a Swedish singer and media personality. She represented Sweden in the 2004 Eurovision Song Contest, with the song "It Hurts" finishing fifth. Scoring successes participating att Melodifestivalen in 1986, 1987 and 1988, she followed it up with successful album "My Name" that included top hits "Standing In My Rain", "Why" and "Leave A Light". In 1991 she recorded a concept album and show about a female secret agent, 'Agent 006'. In 2001 she had a stage comeback, the "Lena Philipsson Show" was sold out for two and a half years around Sweden. In 2004, she returned after a seven year hiatus from the album charts. River East Center River East Center is a Chicago skyscraper. It is a part of the larger River East complex. The tower, containing 620 condominium units, is 644 feet (196 m) tall with 58 floors, and was completed in 2001. Allstate Arena Allstate Arena (originally Rosemont Horizon) is a multi-purpose arena in Rosemont, Illinois. It is home to the Chicago Rush of the Arena Football League, DePaul University's men's basketball team, the Chicago Wolves of the AHL, and the Chicago Sky of the WNBA. It is located near the intersection of Mannheim Road and Interstate 90, adjacent to the city limits of Chicago and O'Hare International Airport. Carola Häggkvist Carola Maria Häggkvist (; born 8 September 1966), also known as simply Carola, is a Swedish singer and occasional songwriter. She has been among Sweden's most popular performers since the early 1980s, and has released albums ranging from pop and disco to hymns and folk music. Some of her greatest hits include "Främling" (English: "Stranger") from 1983, "Tommy tycker om mig" ("Tommy likes me") from 1984, "Fångad av en stormvind" ("Captured by a Lovestorm") from 1991, "All the Reasons to Live" from 1992, "I Believe in Love" from 2001, "Genom allt" ("Through it all") from 2005 and "Evighet" ("Eternity") from 2006. She has represented Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest on three occasions: in 1983, finishing third; in 1991, winning the contest; and in 2006, finishing fifth, which makes her one of the artists with the best track record in Eurovision history. Carola has released records in various languages: Swedish, Dutch, German, English, Norwegian and Japanese. Naples, Illinois Naples is an incorporated town in Scott County in the U.S. state of Illinois. The population was 130 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Jacksonville Micropolitan Statistical Area. One North Wacker One North Wacker, formerly UBS Tower is a 50-story, skyscraper at One North Wacker Drive in Chicago, Illinois. Construction began in 1999 and was completed in the spring of 2002. Metropolitan Tower (Chicago) The Metropolitan Tower, owned by Metropolitan Properties of Chicago, is a skyscraper located at 310 S. Michigan Avenue in Chicago's East Chicago Landmark Historic Michigan Boulevard District in the Loop community area in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The size of the building is to . Mather Tower Mather Tower (later Lincoln Tower) is a Neo-Gothic, terra cotta-clad high-rise structure in Chicago, Illinois, USA. It is located at 75 East Wacker Drive in the downtown "loop" area, adjacent to the Chicago River. Michigan Avenue Bridge The Michigan Avenue Bridge (officially DuSable Bridge) is a bascule bridge that carries Michigan Avenue across the main stem of the Chicago River in downtown Chicago, Illinois, United States. Construction of the bridge started in 1918, it opened to traffic in 1920, and decorative work was completed in 1928. Clark Street Bridge The Clark Street Bridge is a bascule bridge that spans the Chicago River in downtown Chicago, connecting the Near North Side with The Loop. Dearborn Street Bridge The Dearborn Street Bridge over the Chicago River was built in 1962. It connects the Near North Side with "The Loop." The American Institute of Steel Construction honored the bridge with the 1963 "Most Beautiful Steel Bridge" award in the Movable Span category. La Salle Street Bridge (Chicago, Illinois) The La Salle Street Bridge (or Marshall Suloway Bridge) is a single-deck double-leaf trunnion bascule bridge spanning the main stem of the Chicago River in Chicago, Illinois, that connects the Near North Side with the Loop area. It was constructed in 1928. Wells Street Bridge (Chicago) The Wells Street Bridge over the Chicago River was built in 1922. Standing east of the Franklin Street Bridge and southeast of the Merchandise Mart, the bascule bridge connects the Near North Side with "The Loop." Franklin Street Bridge The Franklin–Orleans Street Bridge, commonly known as the Franklin Street Bridge, is a bascule bridge over the Chicago River, in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It was built in October 1920, and is located directly southwest of the Merchandise Mart. Connecting the Near North Side with "The Loop,". River North, Chicago River North a neighborhood in the Near North Side community area of Chicago, Illinois. It is near Michigan Avenue to the east, Chicago Avenue to the north, and the Chicago River to the south and west. Merchandise Mart The Merchandise Mart (or the Merch Mart, or the Mart) is a commercial building located in the Near North Side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. When it opened in 1930 it was the largest building in the world, with of floor space. The building was once owned by the Kennedy family. At a brief point, the building was so large, it had its own zip code. Skybridge, Chicago Skybridge is a high-rise luxury condominium located in the West Loop of Chicago. It won the 2003 bronze Emporis Skyscraper Award. Plaza 440 Plaza 440 is a 49-story residential condominium building located in downtown Chicago, Illinois. Originally built in 1992, it underwent a condominium conversion in 2005. The building contains 457 residential units and shares a mixed-use development. Joffrey Tower The Joffrey Tower is a high-rise commercial real estate development on the northeast corner of North State Street and East Randolph Street in the Loop community area of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is the permanent home of the Joffrey Ballet. 333 North Michigan 333 North Michigan is an art deco skyscraper located in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois in the United States. It is 396 feet (121 m) tall. Kathleen Ollerenshaw Dame Kathleen Mary Ollerenshaw, née Timpson, DBE (1 October 1912 – 10 August 2014) was a British mathematician and politician. She was Lord Mayor of Manchester from 1975 to 1976 and an advisor on educational matters to Margaret Thatcher's government in the 1980s. Ollerenshaw died in Didsbury, England on 10 August 2014 from natural causes, aged 101. Kika Szaszkiewiczowa Irena "Kika" Szaszkiewiczowa (4 March 1917 – 11 August 2014) was a Polish artist, writer and blogger. Her fictional adventures were described in the comics called "Szaszkiewiczowa, czyli Ksylolit w jej życiu", which was being published in "Przekrój" since 1958. During World War II, she was a member of Armia Krajowa. In 1969–2007 she lived in Norway. In 2011, she published her memoir titled "Podwójne życie Szaszkiewiczowej" ("The Double Life of Szaszkiewiczowa"). Since 2013, she runs a blog "Moje pierwsze 100 lat" ("My First 100 Years"). Her sister, Maria Jarochowska, was a writer and communist activist. Szaszkiewiczowa died in her appartament in Kraków, Poland from natural causes, aged 97. Nea Salamis Famagusta FC Nea Salamis Famagusta FC is a football club from Famagusta, Cyprus. It has been a refugee club since the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus. This is when Turkey liberated the northern part of the island. The club is temporarily based in Larnaca. Honours. Cyprus Football Association Alki Larnaca FC Alki Larnaca was a football club from Cyprus. It was based in Larnaka. Honours. Cyprus Football Association Lucien Van Impe Lucien van Impe, (born 20 October 1946) is a Belgian cyclist, who raced between 1969 and 1987. He was mainly a climber in long races such as the Tour de France. He was the winner of the 1976 Tour de France. He won the polka dot jersey for best climber in the Tour de France six times. Biography. In 1968 van Impe was King of the Mountains in the Tour de l'Avenir. He says that Federico Bahamontes helped van Impe to get a contract with a cycling team. Bahamontes had previously won the Tour de France. In 1969, Van Impe started his professional career with 12th place in the Tour de France. In 1971, Van Impe won his first polka dot jersey. He would repeat that five more times, winning in 1972, 1975, 1977, 1981, and 1983. He shared the record for most wins in the polka dot jersey competition with Bahamontes. Richard Virenque broke this record when he won his seventh polka dot jersey in 2004. He won the mountain classification in the Giro d'Italia twice. He was not as good at one day races. It was a surprise that he won the national championship in 1983. Van Impe started the Tour de France fifteen times. He reached the finish in Paris every time. Only Joop Zoetemelk finished more times. He is now head of a cycling team of professional riders, called Wanty-Groupe Gobert. Lucien Van Impe lives in Impe with his wife Rita. He has two grown up children, a son and a daughter. His house is called Alpe D'Huez. It is named after the French mountain where he took the yellow jersey of the Tour de France in 1976. Van Impe has never tested positive for drugs, refused a doping test or confessed to doping. Ed Nelson Edwin Stafford Nelson, known as Ed Nelson (December 21, 1928 – August 9, 2014), was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Dr. Michael Rossi in the ABC television series "Peyton Place". Nelson died from congestive heart failure in Greensboro, North Carolina, aged 85. BP Pedestrian Bridge The BP Pedestrian Bridge, or simply BP Bridge, is a girder footbridge in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois, United States. It spans from Columbus Drive to connect Grant Park with Millennium Park. It was designed by Pritzker Prize-winning architect Frank Gehry. It opened along with the rest of Millennium Park on July 16, 2004. Kinzie Street railroad bridge The Chicago and North Western Railway's Kinzie Street railroad bridge (also known as the Carroll Avenue bridge) is a bascule bridge across the north branch of the Chicago River in downtown Chicago, Illinois. When it opened in 1908, it was the world's longest and heaviest bascule bridge. The "Chicago Sun-Times" was the last railroad customer to the east of the bridge. They moved their printing plant out of downtown Chicago in 2000. The bridge has been unused since then. It was designated a Chicago Landmark in 2007. Wabash Avenue Bridge The Wabash Avenue Bridge (officially, Irv Kupcinet Bridge) over the Chicago River was built in 1930. Standing west of the Michigan Avenue Bridge and southwest of the Trump International Hotel and Tower. The bascule bridge connects the Near North Side with "The Loop" area. The single-deck, double leaf bridge was designed by Thomas Pihlfeldt and built by the Ketler and Elliot Company. The American Institute of Steel Construction awarded it the "Most Beautiful" bridge in 1930. Outer Drive Bridge The Outer Drive Bridge, also known as the Link Bridge, was started in 1929 and completed in 1937 as one of the Public Works Administration's public projects in Chicago. Grand Tower Pipeline Bridge The Grand Tower Pipeline Bridge is a suspension bridge carrying a natural gas pipeline across the Mississippi River near Grand Tower, Illinois. Des Plaines River Valley Bridge The Des Plaines River Valley Bridge is a post-tensioned concrete girder bridge in the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Illinois. It carries Interstate 355 over the Des Plaines River, the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, the Illinois and Michigan Canal, several railroad lines, Bluff Road, New Avenue and a forest preserve. This is officially named the Veterans Memorial Bridge. There are title plaques on the square pillars at the North and South entrances to the bridge. The bridge is long. Birthplace of Ronald Reagan The Birthplace of Ronald Reagan, also known as the Graham Building, is located in an apartment on the second floor of a late 19th-century commercial building in Tampico, Illinois, United States. The building was built in 1896 and housed a tavern from that time until 1915. On February 6, 1911 the future 40th President of the United States, Ronald Reagan, was born in the apartment there, the family moving into a house in Tampico a few months later. Architecturally, the two story brick building is similar to its neighbors, all of which are part of a historic district added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1982. Fancy (Iggy Azalea song) "Fancy" is a song by recording artist Iggy Azalea. It features English singer-songwriter Charli XCX, who also sings in the song. This song is from her first studio album, "The New Classic". It was released on February 17, 2014 as the fourth single from the album. The song hit #1 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in the United States and on the Canadian Hot 100. "Fancy" was also successful in several other countries. In the US, "Fancy" was ranked #4 on the Year-End "Billboard" Hot 100 of 2014. It was the second-best performing song by a woman of the year, behind Katy Perry's "Dark Horse". The song was certified 7× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments and streams of over 7 million copies in that country alone. Music video. The music video copies some scenes from "Clueless" and features the two artists in a high-school setting, with scenes recorded in a classroom and schoolyard. Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home The Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home is the house located at 816 South Hennepin Street, Dixon, Illinois, in which the late former President of the United States Ronald Reagan lived as a youth beginning in 1920. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. Charli XCX Charlotte Emma Aitchison (stage name: Charli XCX; born 2 August 1992) is a British singer, songwriter and occasional actress. She began her singing career in 2008. In 2014 she sang on "Fancy" by Iggy Azalea. That song hit #1 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Charli XCX was born in Cambridge to an ethnic Indian mother from Uganda and a Scottish father. She grew up in Start Hill, Essex. Her first album, "14", was released in 2008. Her second album, and her first major label studio album, "True Romance", was released in 2013. She wrote the songs "I Love It" with Icona Pop and "Fancy" with Iggy Azalea. In 2014, her song "Boom Clap" reached the top 10 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Her third album, "Sucker", was released on 16 December 2014. Magic! Magic! is a Canadian reggae fusion band. In 2014 the group released the song "Rude" off their album "Don't Kill the Magic". All members of the band are from the Toronto area. The group began during 2012. August Strindberg Johan August Strindberg ( 22 January 1849 in Stockholm- 14 May 1912 in Stockholm) was a Swedish writer and artist. Early life. He was born as the fourth child of Carl Oscar Strindberg and Ulrike Eleonora. For the art he was not really interested, but it came later. Later, he began his medical studies at the University in Uppsala, tried to be an actor and worked before his career as a writer and journalist. In the middle of the 19th century he lived in France, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark and England. Career. Beside writing books and something different he was really interested in drawing and natural sciences. 1877 August married Siri von Essen, an actress from the royal drama. With her he had three kids- Karin (1880), Greta (1881) and Hans (1884). After married Frida Strindberg-Uhl he had his inferno-crisis, with full of hallucinations and death thoughts. Personal life. In 1896, he came back to Stockholm and died at the 14th May 1912 in Stockholm. He was buried in Solna next to his first wife, Finnish actress, Siri von Essen. The Angriest Man in Brooklyn The Angriest Man in Brooklyn is a 2014 American comedy-drama movie directed by Phil Alden Robinson. It stars Robin Williams, Mila Kunis, Peter Dinklage, Melissa Leo and James Earl Jones. It was released in selected theaters on May 23, 2014. It follows a man who has 90 minutes to live. Good Morning, Vietnam Good Morning, Vietnam is a 1987 American war-comedy-drama movie. It was written by Mitch Markowitz and directed by Barry Levinson. It is set in Saigon in 1965, during the Vietnam War. It stars Robin Williams as a radio DJ on Armed Forces Radio Service. Co-stars include Forest Whitaker and Robert Wuhl. The story is loosely based on the experiences of AFRS radio DJ Adrian Cronauer. Most of Williams' radio broadcasts were improvised. Williams was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role. Night at the Museum Night at the Museum is a 2006 American fantasy adventure-comedy movie. It is based on the 1993 children's book of the same name by Milan Trenc. It stars Ben Stiller, Carla Gugino, Dick Van Dyke, Mickey Rooney, Bill Cobbs, Jake Cherry, Ricky Gervais, Owen Wilson, Steve Coogan, and Robin Williams. This is the first movie in the movie series. "Night at the Museum" was followed by a sequel titled ', which was released on May 22, 2009 and the third movie ' will be released on December 19, 2014. Dead Poets Society Dead Poets Society is a 1989 American drama movie directed by Peter Weir and starring Robin Williams. It is set at the conservative and aristocratic Welton Academy in Vermont in 1959, it tells the story of an English teacher who inspires his students through his teaching of poetry. The movie was critically acclaimed and was nominated for many awards. The script was written by Tom Schulman. It is based on his life at the Montgomery Bell Academy in Nashville, Tennessee. Filming took place at St. Andrew's School in Middletown, Delaware. Sam Smith Samuel Frederick "Sam" Smith (born 19 May 1992) is a British singer-songwriter. They became famous in October 2012 when the song "Latch" by Disclosure came out. In 2013, they released the single "Lay Me Down". In 2014 Smith had a single, "Stay with Me" and "Money on My Mind" through their album "In the Lonely Hour", which became a major international success. Their 2015 song "Writing's on the Wall" was recorded for the 2015 James Bond movie "Spectre" and won a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for Best Original Song. In 2017, Smith released their album "The Thrill of It All". Its lead single, "Too Good at Goodbyes", received positive reviews and reached number one in the UK and number four on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Smith was born in London. They came out as gay in May 2014 and non-binary in September 2019 and uses they/them pronouns. Discography. See Toys (movie) Toys is a 1992 fantasy comedy movie directed by Barry Levinson. It stars Robin Williams, Michael Gambon, Joan Cusack, Robin Wright, LL Cool J, and Jamie Foxx. It was released on December 18, 1992. Hook (movie) Hook is a 1991 American fantasy-comedy movie directed by Steven Spielberg and written by James V. Hart and Malia Scotch Marmo. It stars Robin Williams as Peter Banning / Peter Pan, Dustin Hoffman as Captain Hook, Julia Roberts as Tinker Bell, Maggie Smith as Granny Wendy, and Bob Hoskins as Mr. Smee. It acts as a sequel to J. M. Barrie's 1911 novel "Peter and Wendy" focusing on an adult Peter Pan who has forgotten all about his childhood. In his new life, he is known as Peter Banning, a successful but unimaginative and workaholic lawyer with a wife (Wendy's granddaughter) and two children. However, when Captain Hook, the enemy of his past, kidnaps his children, he returns to Neverland to save them. Along the journey, he reclaims the memories of his past and becomes a better person. Spielberg began developing the movie in the early 1980s with Walt Disney Pictures and Paramount Pictures, which would have followed the storyline seen in the 1924 silent movie and 1953 animated Disney movie. It entered pre-production in 1985, but Spielberg abandoned the project. Hart developed the script with director Nick Castle and TriStar Pictures before Spielberg decided to direct in 1989. It was shot almost entirely on sound stages at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City, California. Released on December 11, 1991, "Hook" received mixed reviews, who praised the performances (particularly those of Williams and Hoffman), John Williams' musical score, and production values, but criticized the screenplay and tone. Although it was a commercial success, its box office take was lower than expected. Spielberg also later came to be disappointed with the movie. It has gained a strong cult following since its release. It was nominated in five categories at the 64th Academy Awards. It also spawned merchandise, including video games, action figures, and comic book adaptations. Patch Adams (movie) Patch Adams is a 1998 American semi-biographical comedy-drama movie directed by Tom Shadyac. It stars Robin Williams. It is based on the life story of Dr. Hunter "Patch" Adams and the book "Gesundheit: Good Health is a Laughing Matter" by Adams and Maureen Mylander. Besides having mixed reviews, the movies was a box-office success, grossing over twice its budget in the United States alone. Bicentennial Man (movie) Bicentennial Man is a 1999 American science fiction drama family movie. It stars Robin Williams. It is based on the novel "The Positronic Man", co-written by Isaac Asimov and Robert Silverberg. It was directed by Chris Columbus and a co-production between Touchstone Pictures and Columbia Pictures. Death to Smoochy Death to Smoochy is a 2002 American black comedy movie, directed by and starring Danny DeVito and co-starring Robin Williams, Edward Norton, Catherine Keener, and Jon Stewart. The movie received mixed reviews from critics and failed at the box office during its release, but in recent years it has become a famous cult movie. The World According to Garp (movie) The World According to Garp is 1982 American comedy drama movie directed by George Roy Hill, based on the novel of the same title by John Irving, who co-wrote the script with Steve Tesich. The movie starred Robin Williams, Glenn Close, and John Lithgow. The Fisher King The Fisher King is a 1991 American comedy-drama movie written by Richard LaGravenese and directed by Terry Gilliam. It stars Robin Williams and Jeff Bridges, with Mercedes Ruehl, Amanda Plummer, and Michael Jeter in supporting roles. The movie is about a radio shock jock who tries to find redemption by helping a man whose life he inadvertently shattered. One Hour Photo One Hour Photo is a 2002 American psychological thriller movie. It was written and directed by Mark Romanek. It starred Robin Williams. Fox Searchlight Pictures distributed the movie in the United States. "One Hour Photo" also starred Connie Nielsen, Michael Vartan, Gary Cole, and Eriq La Salle. Williams won a Saturn Award for Best Actor (2003) for his work in the movie. The movie received positive reviews, earning an 81% rating at Rotten Tomatoes. Robots (2005 movie) Robots is a 2005 American computer animated comic science fiction movie produced by Blue Sky Studios for Twentieth Century Fox. It stars David Spade, Halle Berry, Alec Baldwin, Mel Brooks, Amanda Bynes, Drew Carey, Stanley Tucci, Jim Broadbent, and Robin Williams. It was released on March 11, 2005. Bill Morey William Morey (December 19, 1919 – December 10, 2003) was an American actor. He was known for his roles in "Death Race 2000" (1975), "Brainstorm" (1983), and "Real Men" (1987). He was also a television actor appearing on small roles in "Full House", "Fraiser", "Boy Meets World", and in "Beggars and Choosers". Morey died in Santa Monica, California from natural causes, aged 83. John Bliss John Bliss (October 8, 1930 – February 28, 2008) was an American actor. He was known for playing the role of the 8th grade Social Studies teacher and former Principal Irving Pal on "Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide". He was also seen in the first episode of "Out of Jimmy's Head". Bliss died on February 28, 2008 in Glendale, California from complications of aortic aneurysm. He was 77. Dave Coulier David Alan "Dave" Coulier (born September 21, 1959) is an American actor, voice actor, stand-up comedian, impressionist, and television host. He became known in the late 1980s and the early 1990s for playing Joey Gladstone on the ABC sitcom "Full House". Scott Weinger Scott Eric Weinger (born October 5, 1975) is an American actor, writer and television producer. He is best known as the voice of Aladdin in Disney's "Aladdin". Weinger reprised the role in two direct-to-video sequels, for the Disney Channel television series, and the "Kingdom Hearts" series. He is also well known for playing D.J. Tanner's boyfriend "Steve Hale" on "Full House" for two seasons. Personal life. Weinger has been married to his wife Rina Mimoun since 2008; together, they have a son, Mischa Weinger, who was born in 2009. Sri Ramakrishna Vijayam (magazine) Sri Ramakrishna Vijayam is an Indian Tamil language monthly magazine. It is published by Sri Ramakrishna Math, Chennai. It contains spiritual articles and picture stories for kids and students. This magazine is the oldest one in Tamil language. It is available from the year 1921. This magazine conducts competitions for students every year. Dinamani (newspaper) Dinamani is an Indian Tamil language daily newspaper. It is published by The New Indian Express Group. This paper is the oldest one in Tamil language. Eduardo Campos Eduardo Henrique Accioly Campos (Recife, 10 August 1965 – Santos, 13 August 2014) was a Brazilian economist and politician. He was the Leader of the Brazilian Socialist Party – "Partido Socialista Brasileiro" (PSB). In April 2014, Eduardo Campos announced his name for the Brazilian Presidential election, naming Marina Silva as vice president. He was a State Deputy, Federal Deputy, Secretary of Finance of Pernambuco and Minister of Science and Technology. He was the Governor of Pernambuco, between 2007 and 2014, and was, at the time of his death, the President of PSB. Campos died in 13 August 2014 in an airplane crash at the coastal town of Santos (state of São Paulo). Munchkin The Munchkins are natives of the fictional Munchkin Country in the Oz books by L. Frank Baum. They first appeared in the 1900 novel "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz", in which they are described as wearing only blue. The 1939 movie "The Wizard of Oz", showed Munchkins as being much shorter than other residents of Oz. They are played by either adult dwarfs (i.e., midgets) or children, dressed in brightly multicolored outfits, and their land is called Munchkinland. On November 20, 2007, the Munchkins were given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Service oriented architecture Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a concept in computer programming. It is a way of creating a program or application that is focused around distinct tasks or services. With an SOA model, each piece of the program or application performs a specific task (such as retrieving a piece of data, performing a mathematical operation, etc). The tasks are performed completely independent of each other. Benefits. Easy to test. Since each component of the program works independently, each component can be tested by itself without needing the whole program to be completed first. The program can be built piece by piece with confidence that each piece works. Easy to reuse legacy programs. Often, a company has already created a program or application to perform a specific task. If that is the case, this legacy program, (program that has already been written) or a piece of this legacy program can be reused without the need to re-code that specific task. Consequently, programs with SOA can be developed faster than traditional programs in some circumstances. Easy to manage. The benefit is that unlike in a big combined program, each task is isolated, so it is easy to manage and troubleshoot the program after completion. If there is a problem, a developer can check each service component systematically until the problem is detected. After it is detected, only that small service would need to be fixed as opposed to a much larger section of a combined application Josep Tarradellas Barcelona–El Prat Airport Barcelona–El Prat Airport (Catalan: "Aeroport de Barcelona – el Prat", Spanish: "Aeropuerto de Barcelona-El Prat"), simply known as Barcelona Airport, is Spanish airport. It is southwest of the centre of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It is in the municipalities of El Prat de Llobregat, Viladecans, and Sant Boi. Barcelona's first airfield, located at El Remolar, began operations in 1916. Mexico City International Airport Mexico City International Airport (), known officially as Benito Juárez International Airport (), is the main airport of Mexico City, Mexico. It was named after the 19th century president Benito Juárez in 2006. Airlines. The following airlines currently go to Mexico City International Airport: Past airlines. These airline used to go to Mexico City International Airport before: Piya Kay Ghar Jaana Hai Piya Kay Ghar Jaana Hai was a Pakistani drama aired in 2006. The show stars Karanvir Bohra, Cezanne Khan, Imran Abbas and Dipannita Sharma in leads. Catalepsy Catalepsy is a nervous condition. The body is fixed, with rigid muscles and fixed posture. The body position does not respond to stimuli, and there is decreased sensitivity to pain. Causes. Catalepsy is a symptom of certain nervous disorders or conditions such as Parkinson's disease and epilepsy. It is also a characteristic symptom of cocaine withdrawal. It may be caused by schizophrenia treatment with anti-psychotics such as haloperidol. It may be caused by the anaesthetic ketamine. In some cases, catalepsy may be started by an extreme emotional shock – one well known example of this was the reaction of 1968 Olympic long jump medalist Bob Beamon on finding he had broken the previous world record by over 0.5 meters (2 feet). Protein kinase A has been suggested as a mediator of cataleptic behavior. UEFA Euro 2016 The 2016 UEFA European Championship (also called the UEFA Euro 2016) was the 15th UEFA European Football Championship tournament and it was held in France from 10 June to 10 July 2016. The tournament was the first to have 24 teams, instead of the previous 16. Portugal won the tournament over the hosts, France. They also qualified for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup, which took place in Russia. Bid process. Four bids came before the deadline on 9 March 2009. France, Italy and Turkey put in single bids while Norway and Sweden put in a joint bid. Norway and Sweden eventually withdrew their bid in December 2009. The host was selected on 28 May 2010. Venues. Ten venues will be used for the tournament. These venues were confirmed by UEFA on 25 January 2013. Team base camps. Each team has a "team base camp" for its stay between the matches. The teams will train here as well. The list of team base camps was released on 31 January 2016. Group Stage. A win would earn the team 3 points, a draw would earn them 1 point, and a loss earns them no points. The schedule of the tournament was announced on 25 April 2014 Knockout stage. Round of 16. <section begin=g1 /><section end=g1 /> Statistics. Team of the tournament. Source: UEFA Euro 2020 The UEFA European Football Championship 2020 (also known as the UEFA Euro 2020) was the 16th UEFA European Football Championship. It took place between 11 June and 11 July 2021. It was held in 11 cities in 11 different countries. This was done because 2020 was the 60th "birthday" of the UEFA European Football Championship. Portugal were the defending champions. However, Italy won their 2nd title after defeating England. The games were postponed to mid-2021 on 17 March 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic. Venues. Eleven stadiums were used for the tournament. The opening match will be held at the Stadio Olimpico in Italy. Below is the full list of stadiums: Knockout stage. Final. This final was the 28th time England and Italy played each other. The last time they played each other in a UEFA European tournament was in 2012 in the quarter-finals in which Italy defeated England during a penalty shootout. Statistics. Goalscorers. 5 goals 4 goals 3 goals 2 goals 1 goal 1 own goal Big hair Big hair is a term used to describe hair that has a lot of volume and sticks up around the head. The style was very popular in the 1970s, 1980s and early 1990s. Many subcultures were known for having this hairstyle. These included punk, glam, goth and alternative. Today, it is occasionally used with Japanese teenagers. Aloha shirt An Aloha shirt (also known as a Hawaiian shirt) is a type of shirt that comes from Hawaii. It is the most popular type of clothing made in Hawaii. The shirts are usually short sleeved, have buttons and have collars. The brand was first sold in a Honolulu shop by a Japanese immigrant in 1904. After his death in 1915, his son took over the shop and continued selling them. Mental state examination The mental status examination, MSE, is an important step in a "clinical assessment" of an individual. The purpose of the MSE is to get an over-all description of the patient's mental state. This, with information about the person, lets the clinician make a diagnosis. Then a plan is chosen for the person's treatment. The examination is a way of describing a patient's current state of mind. Some parts of the MSE are done by observing, asking questions and noting; some parts are done using psychological tests. It works by looking at attitude, behavior, mood and "affect" (feeling), speech, thinking, perception, cognition, insight and judgment. The MSE is different from the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), which is a brief test for dementia. New Zealand National Party The New Zealand National Party is a centre-right political party in New Zealand. It was formed in 1936 when the United Party and the Reform Party merged together. It is one of the two major parties in New Zealand politics (the other is the Labour Party). Since the 2017 general election, the National Party has been the opposition party. The current leader of the National Party is Christopher Luxon. Governor-General of New Zealand The Governor-General of New Zealand is the representative of the monarch of New Zealand (currently King Charles III). The governor-general is appointed by the king with the advice of the Prime Minister of New Zealand. Usually, a person serves as Prime governor-general for five years, although there is no and the person can serve longer. The current governor-general is Dame Cindy Kiro, who was appointed in 2021. Jerry Mateparae Lieutenant General Sir Jerry Mateparae GNZM, QSO (born 14 November 1954) is the former Governor-General of New Zealand. He was born in Whanganui, Manawatu-Wanganui on the North Island. He enlisted in the New Zealand Army in 1974 as a private. He became an officer after graduating from the Officer Cadet School, Portsea in Australia. He was eventually promoted to lieutenant general in 2006. He was Chief of the New Zealand Defence Force from 2006 to 2011. From 2011 until 2016 he was governor-general of New Zealand. Since 2017, he has been High Commissioner from New Zealand to the United Kingdom. New Zealand Defence Force The New Zealand Defence Force (or NZDF) is the armed forces of New Zealand. It is divided into three parts: the New Zealand Army, the Royal New Zealand Navy, and the Royal New Zealand Air Force. The NZDF is headed by the Chief of Defence Force or CDF. The current CDF is Rhys Jones. The original military of New Zealand in the 19th century was the British army. In the 1840s, residents in New Zealand started forming militia units. Starting in 1858, New Zealand formed small regular army units. The country formed a small flotilla in the 1860s for naval service. By 1941, the army, the navy, and the air force were separate services. The Defense Act 1990 created the NZDF. Ferguson, Missouri Ferguson is a city in St. Louis County, Missouri, United States. The population was 21,203 at the 2010 census. At the 2020 census, the population was 18,527. It is a suburb of St. Louis. History. The city of Ferguson was founded in 1855. The city's first schoolhouse was built in 1878. Ferguson was incorporated as a city in 1894. In August 2014, there were riots and protests after a white officer, Darren Wilson, shot and killed 18-year-old African American, Michael Brown. Abel Laudonio Abel Ricardo Laudonio (30 August 1938 – 12 August 2014) was an Argentine boxer. He competed in the Lightweight division during his career as an beginner. Laudonio won a Lightweight Bronze Medal at the 1960 Rome Olympic Games as a Member of the Argentine Olympic Team. Laudonio turned pro in 1961 and challenged Nicolino Locche for the South American lightweight title, but lost a decision. In 2004, Laudonio was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. In 2009, he suffered a stroke. Laudonio died in Buenos Aires, Argentina from a stroke, aged 75. Arlene Martel Arlene Martel (April 14, 1936 – August 12, 2014) was an American actress and acting coach. She played Fiona on "Perry Mason" She played Tiger in the show "Hogan's Heroes". She was in the award-winning "The Outer Limits" episode "Demon With a Glass Hand" with Robert Culp. She played the Vulcan T'Pring in the "Star Trek" episode "Amok Time". Martel was born in The Bronx, New York. She died from a heart attack at age 78 in Los Angeles, California. Columba Domínguez Columba Domínguez Adalid (March 4, 1929 – August 13, 2014) was a Mexican movie actress. She was married to Mexican director Emilio Fernández. Dominguez was known for her role in "Pueblerina" (1949). Dominguez died from respiratory failure in Mexico City, aged 85. Emilio Fernández Emilio "El Indio" Fernández (born Emilio Fernández Romo, ; March 26, 1904 – August 6, 1986) was a Mexican movie director, actor and screenwriter. He was one of the most famous directors of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema in the 1940s and 1950s. He is best known for his work as director of the movie "Maria Candelaria", which won the Palme d'Or award at the 1946 Cannes Film Festival. Anthony Charteau Anthony Charteau (born June 4, 1979 in Nantes) is a French retired professional cyclist. He raced as a professional between 2001 and 2013. His biggest win was the polka dot jersey for the best climber in the Tour de France in 2010. He also won the Tropicale Amissa Bongo race in Gabon for three years in a row from 2010 to 2012. Charteau retired at the end of the 2013 season. Adelaide United FC Adelaide United F.C. is a soccer club from Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. It competes in the A-League, under licence from Football Federation Australia (FFA). Adelaide United were the first A-League premiers. Julio Jiménez (cyclist) Julio Jiménez Muñoz (28 October 1934 – 8 June 2022) was a Spanish professional cyclist. He was good at climbing. He won the polka dot jersey for being best climber at the Tour de France three times in a row in 1965, 1966 and 1967. He also won the mountains competition at the Vuelta a Espana three times. He is one of four riders to complete the Tour/Vuelta double by winning both mountains competitions in the same year. Jiménez was killed in a car crash in Ávila, Spain on 8 June 2022, aged 87. Green bean Green beans are a vegetable. They are the fruit of cultivars of the common bean, "Phaseolus vulgaris". Green beans are sold fresh, frozen or canned. Green beans are cooked by steaming, boiling, stir frying, deep frying, or in casseroles. In the United States, they are sometimes served in casserole with mushrooms, fried onions and cream. In Chinese cuisine, they are often stir-fried with garlic and douchi (fermented black soybeans). In Japanese cuisine, they are served as tempura. Green beans contain lectins. That makes them harmful if a person eats too many raw or improperly cooked ones. Perth Glory FC Perth Glory F.C. is an Australian soccer club from Perth, Western Australia. It competes in the A-League, under licence from Football Federation Australia (FFA). Macclesfield Macclesfield is a market town in Cheshire, England. About 51,739 people live in the town. Macclesfield Town F.C. Macclesfield Town Football Club were an English football club from Macclesfield, Cheshire. Ryutin Affair The Ryutin Affair began in the summer of 1932 in the Soviet Union. Martemyan Ryutin was a right-wing communist. He wrote a 200-page document called the "Ryutin platform". In it he criticized Joseph Stalin's leadership of the communist party. Twelve or so party members met with Ryutin and read the document. This was in August 1932. They passed it on to other party members. Stalin thought Ryutin and his friends were trying to have him assassinated. Ryutin was arrested. When Stalin tried to have him executed, he was instead sent to a labor camp for ten years. Every party member who read the document was arrested. In 1933 as many as 800,000 were arrested. In 1934 another 340,000 were sent to camps. This shows that Stalin did not yet have enough power to order Ryutin's execution. But by 1937 things had changed. After a 40-minute trial on 1 January 1937 Ryutin was executed. Melbourne City FC Melbourne City F.C. is a soccer club from Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It competes in A-League Men, under licence from Football Australia. Honours. In most Australian sports, the term "Premiership" or "Premier" describes the club that won the knockout playoffs that follow the regular season, known in Australia as a "Finals Series". A-League Men instead uses "Champions" to describe this club. The term "Premier" instead describes the club that finished first in the regular-season standings (which the country's other football codes call "Minor Premiers"). Mariana Briski Mariana Marcela Briski (14 September 1965 – 14 August 2014) was an Argentine actress, director, producer, screenwriter, author, and professor. She was known for her roles in "It's Not You, It's Me" (2004), "The Wind" (2005), and "Salsipuedes" (2011). Briski was also known for her television role in "Primicias". Briski was born in Córdoba, Argentina. She was married to Hernán Ventura from 1988 until her death in 2014. They had one son, Pedro Briski. Briski died from lung cancer and breast cancer in Buenos Aires, Argentina, aged 48. She was of Jewish descent. Siegfried Lenz Siegfried Lenz (17 March 1926 – 7 October 2014) was a German writer. He has written novels and produced several collections of short stories, essays, and plays for radio and the theatre. He was awarded the Goethe Prize. Peter Cundall Peter Cundall, AM (1 April 1927 – 5 December 2021) was an British-Australian horticulturalist, conservationist, author, broadcaster and television personality in Australia. Until the age of 81, Cundall continued to be a presenter of the ABC TV program "Gardening Australia". His last show aired on 26 July 2008. Cundall died on 5 December 2021 at the age of 94 after a short illness. Zelda Williams Zelda Rae Williams (born July 31, 1989) is an American actress. She has been acting since 1994. She had appeared in television shows such as ', "Teen Wolf", ' and "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles". She has also been in the movies "Were the World Mine" (2008), "The Frankenstein Brothers" (2010) and "Noobz" (2012). Williams was born in New York City, New York. She is the daughter of the late comedian and Oscar-winning actor Robin Williams and screenwriter and movie producer Marsha Garces. She has English, Welsh, Scottish, Irish, German, French, Filipino and Finnish ancestry. She was named after Princess Zelda of "The Legend of Zelda" video game series. She has lived in Los Angeles, California but now lives in San Francisco. J. J. Murphy J. J. Murphy (7 May 1928 – 8 August 2014) was a Northern Irish movie and television actor. He was known for his movie roles in "Cal" (1984), "Angela's Ashes" (1999) and "Dracula Untold" (2014). Murphy became very popular for his role as Ser Denys Mallister in the HBO television series "Game of Thrones". He was born in Belfast. Murphy died only four days after filming the latest episode of "Game of Thrones" in Belfast from natural causes, aged 86. Fergus Falls, Minnesota Fergus Falls is a city in and the county seat of Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 13,138 at the 2010 census. Kluczynski Federal Building Kluczynski Federal Building (before Chicago Federal Center) is a modernist skyscraper in the downtown Chicago Loop located at 230 South Dearborn Street. The 45-story structure was designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and completed in 1974. It is tall. It holds the offices of both Illinois senators Mark Kirk and Dick Durbin. Citigroup Center (Chicago) Citigroup Center is a 42 story, 588-foot (180 m) skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. It is located at 500 W. Madison (between Clinton and Canal Streets). The structure was designed by the architecture firm Murphy/Jahn in a late modernist style. The building was named the Northwestern Atrium Center. It was constructed between 1984 and 1987. On 8 December 2006 a man opened fire in a law office located on the 38th floor of the Citigroup Center. Four people, including the gunman, were killed. One person survived. Jim Henson Pictures Jim Henson Pictures is an American film studio, owned by The Jim Henson Company and operated by Lisa and Brian Henson. It was founded on July 21, 1995 as a joint venture between Jim Henson Productions and Sony Pictures Entertainment. Central Station (MTR) Central station is an MTR station. It is located in the Central area of Hong Kong Island. The station's main color is firebrick red. For the Tsuen Wan Line's platform, the main color is dark brown. The station is the southern terminus for the Tsuen Wan Line and also connects with the Island Line, and also the Tung Chung Line and the Airport Express in Hong Kong Station. The station was once called as Chater Station. Chater Station was built to carry for average daily traffic of 330,000 passengers at first, and was to have been long – one of the longest stations in the world. More than 200,000 passengers use this station every day. The longest distance between two exits is around 700 m. Sphynx cat The Sphynx is a breed of cat. It does not have much hair or fur on its body, but it is not truly hairless. The skin is soft because it has a fine layer of down. It may or may not have whiskers. The skin is the color the fur would be. This cat has all the same coat patterns found on other cats, such as a calico or tabby. The pattern is just seen on the Sphynx skin. Because they have no coat, they lose more body heat than cats with fur. This makes them feel warm when touched. They also like to seek sun or warm places because they are naturally cold. The lack of hair can cause health issues with kittens in the first weeks of life because they can get sick with respiratory infections. Good breeders should not let their kittens go to new homes without being at least 14 weeks of age. This is to make sure the kitten is mature enough to cope in a new environment. History. The Sphynx was not the first hairless domestic cat. Some were seen in other places around the world for at least 90 years. The Sphynx breed began in 1966, in Toronto, when a hairless kitten, named Prune, was born to a black and white shorthair cat, named Elizabeth, in Ontario, Canada. The kitten was mated with its mother, so one more naked kitten was born. Along with a few naked kittens found later, the hairless breed began. A natural birth of a Sphynx cat happened on a Minnesota farm. The owners found hairless kittens in several litters of their domestic shorthair barn cats in the mid-1970s. Two hairless female kittens born in 1975 and 1976, named Epidermis and Dermis, were also an important part of developing the breed. More hairless cats were found in Texas, Arkansas, and Minnesota. So, the modern Sphynx breed began with the Canadian cats and the Minnesota cats. The first breeders did not know much about cat genetics and they had some problems. The gene pool was small and many kittens died. Many of the females had seizures. Behavior. Sphynxes are friendly and not shy. They have a lot of energy, intelligence, curiosity, and love for their owners. They are one of the more dog-like breeds of cats. They run and greet their owners at the door and are friendly when meeting strangers. Caring for a Sphynx. Even though Sphynx cats do not have a coat to be brushed, they do need a bath once a week to wash off oils that get on their skin. They should not be left outside and need to be an indoor cat. First, sunlight can give them a sunburn. Secondly, they cannot keep warm when outside, so some owners dress them in warm clothes in the winter. Shooting of Michael Brown The shooting of Michael Brown took place on August 9, 2014 in Ferguson, Missouri, United States. Brown was an 18-year-old African American male who died after he was shot several times by Darren Wilson, a 28-year-old white police officer. Several witnesses corroborate the officer’s account of the Michael Brown shooting. Brown did not have weapons or a criminal record. There were protests and riots in Ferguson after the shooting. There was a lot of media coverage in the United States. People have been talking about how Brown being killed relates to racism in the United States. They have pointed out that most of the police in Ferguson are white, while most of the people who live in Ferguson are African-American. They have also accused the media of being biased against Brown and the people protesting his killing. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, also known as the FBI, opened a civil rights investigation into the shooting. President Obama, Rand Paul, Hillary Clinton, Al Sharpton and Bernie Sanders released statements about Brown's death. A petition asking for a law named after Michael Brown that would require all police to wear a camera has had over 132,000 signatures. Darren Wilson, the police officer who shot Brown, went on administrative leave. A jury chose not to legally accuse Wilson of the killing. He resigned on November 29, 2014. Brown's funeral happened at the Friendly Temple Baptist Church on August 25. At the MTV Video Music Awards, Common asked the audience to have a moment of silence "for Mike Brown and for peace in this country and in the world". Geeta Tandon Geeta Tandon is an Indian stunt performer. She became known after appearing in season 5 of "". She has been called "one of Bollywood's leading stuntwomen." Biography. Tandon was born in Mumbai in a Punjabi family and raised in very harsh environment. She lost her parents at very early age. She was married off at age of 15 and gave birth to two children. Career. Tandon completed her matriculation studies and started her career as a dancer. She was offered work as stunt woman due to her attitude. She performed stunts for actors such as Deepika Padukone, Parineeti Chopra, Katrina Kaif and Bipasha Basu in films such as Chennai Express, Hasee Toh Phasee, Ragini MMS, Singh Saab The Great and Lamhaa. "Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi". Tandon became famous after she appeared on the show "". Tandon stated that she never faced a camera before during her career. Jackie Burroughs Jacqueline "Jackie" Burroughs (February 2, 1939 – September 22, 2010) was an English-born Canadian actress. She played Amelia Evans in "Anne of Green Gables". She also played Hetty in "Road to Avonlea". Burroughs was born in Lancashire, England. She died from stomach cancer at 71 in Toronto. Nawal El Saadawi Nawal El Saadawi (Arabic: نوال السعداوى, October 27, 1931 – March 21, 2021) was an Egyptian feminist writer, activist, physician and psychiatrist. She wrote 47 books about the problems of women in Egypt. She was a Marxist. Early life. Saadawi was born in the small village of Kafr Tahla. When Saadawi was six years old her clitoris was cut off by a midwife at her home. Saadawi graduated as a medical doctor in 1955 from Cairo University. Career. In 1958 her first novel, "Memoirs of a Woman Doctor", was published. Her first non-fiction work was published in 1972. Her best known work "Woman at Point Zero" was published in 1975. In 1981 Saadawi helped publish a feminist magazine, "Confrontation". Her memoir was published in 1986. El-Saadawi worked as a visiting professor at Duke University between 1993 and 1994. Personal life. Saadawi had three husbands. She had one son with her third husband Sherif Hatata. They divorced in 2010. Saadawi died on 21 March 2021 at a hospital in Cairo, aged 89. Jay Adams Jay Adams (February 3, 1961 – August 14, 2014) was an American skateboarder. He became known as one of the original members of Z-Boys skateboarding team. He was known as "The Original Seed" of the sport. He was thought to be one of the most influential skateboarders of all time. Adams died from a massive heart attack in Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, Mexico, aged 53. Margaret Field Margaret Field (May 10, 1922 – November 6, 2011) was an American actress. She played two different defendants in CBS' "Perry Mason". She also acted in several movies. Field was born in Houston, Texas. She was the mother of actress Sally Field. She died from cancer in Malibu, California on her daughter's 65th birthday. George V. Hansen George Vernon Hansen (September 14, 1930 – August 14, 2014) was an American politician. He was a Republican. He represented the state of Idaho in the United States House of Representatives for 14 years. Hansen represented Idaho's 2nd district from 1965 to 1969 and again from 1975 to 1985. Crimes. In 1974, Hansen became the first member of Congress convicted of breaking a 1971 campaign finance law. A federal judge found him guilty of not publicly telling all his loans and profits. The judge sentenced Hansen to pay a fine. In 1983, Hansen was indicted by a federal grand jury on four charges of filing false financial disclosure statements. He was accused of hiding more than $245,000 in loans and $87,000 in profits from buying and selling silver. He traded using his wife's name to hide the crimes. In 1984 Hansen was convicted of violating the 1978 Ethics in Government Act. He did not publicly tell about $334,000 in personal loans to his campaign. He was sentenced to six months in prison and fined $40,000. Appealing all the way to the US Supreme Court, his conviction was vacated and the fine returned to him. In 1992, Hansen was in prison again. He stole money from two Idaho banks and 100 individuals in a $30 million investment scheme. He was sentenced to four years in prison. Hansen died at a hospital in Pocatello, Idaho, aged 83. Giovanni Francesco Romanelli Giovanni Francesco Romanelli ( born 1610–1662) was an Italian painter of the Baroque style. Romanelli was an Italian painter of who trained in Rome in the workshop of Pietro da Cortona. Cortona was the leading painter of the time. Orval H. Hansen Orval Howard Hansen (August 3, 1926 – November 2, 2017) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party. He was a former congressman from Idaho. He served three terms in the House from 1969 to 1975, representing the state's 2nd district. Hansen died on November 2, 2017 in Boise, Idaho of complications from skin cancer at the age of 91. Paul Findley Paul Findley (June 23, 1921 – August 9, 2019) was an American politician. He was a United States Representative from Illinois. He represented its 20th District. A member of the Republican, he was first elected in 1960. Findley lost his seat in 1982 to future United States Senator Dick Durbin. He was a cofounder of the Council for the National Interest, a Washington, D.C. advocacy group, and a board member of If Americans Knew. Findley died on August 9, 2019 at a hospital in Jacksonville, Illinois from congestive heart failure at the age of 98. Chevrolet Cavalier The Chevrolet Cavalier was a compact car made from 1982 to 2005 by General Motors. The vehicle's design was changed several times. The Cavalier also donned a twin car the Pontiac Sunbird, replaced by the Pontiac Sunfire in 1995. The station wagon was sold until 1994. The 1995-2005 Cavalier received a Poor rating in the IIHS' frontal off-set crash test. Meaning, head, neck and leg injury risk were extremely high. In 2005 Chevrolet Cavalier was replaced by the Cobalt in the United States and the Chevrolet Optra in Canada & Mexico. Estadio Azteca The Estadio Azteca () is a football stadium in Mexico City, Mexico. Club América and the Mexico national football team play in this stadium. This stadium can hold 87,000 people. It is the largest stadium in Mexico. It used to hold 105,000 people, and at that time it was the former largest football-specific stadium in the world. In 2005, the stadium hosted the first NFL game played outside the US. F.C. Metalist Kharkiv Football Club Metalist Kharkiv (, ) is a Ukrainian football club from Kharkiv. It competes in the Ukrainian Premier League. The club won the Soviet Cup in 1988. Honours and achievements. Domestic. Ukrainian Premier League: Soviet / Ukrainian First League: Championship of the Ukrainian SSR: Soviet / Ukrainian Cup: Soviet League Cup: Soviet / Ukrainian Super Cup: International. United Tournament: Estadio Azul Estadio Azul is a 32.904-seat stadium in Mexico City. The Mexican football club Cruz Azul plays there. Atlante F.C. Atlante F.C. is a Mexican professional football club. They play in Ascenso MX. The club is based in Cancún, Quintana Roo since 2007. K League The K League (Korea Professional Football League) is South Korea's professional association football league. It includes the first division K League 1, known as the K League Classic until 2017, and the second division K League 2, known as the K League Challenge until 2017. Both divisions with very similar names had caused some degree of confusion and controversy. Moody Church The Moody Church (often mistakenly referred to as Moody Memorial Church) is a historic Protestant (Christian) church in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. Construction began in 1924 and completed 1 year later, with dedication of the building on November 8, 1925. The covering area is 140 feet by 225 feet. Itamar Franco Itamar Augusto Cautiero Franco (; June 28, 1930July 2, 2011) was a Brazilian politician. He was the President of Brazil from December 29, 1992, to December 31, 1994. During his long political career, Franco was also a Senator, Mayor, Ambassador, Governor and Vice President. At the time of his death he was a Senator from Minas Gerais, having won the seat in the 2010 election. Franco died at a hospital in São Paulo, São Paulo from complications from a stroke caused by leukemia, aged 81. Michel Temer Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia (, born September 23, 1940), better known as Michel Temer, was the President of Brazil and Brazilian lawyer from 2016 to 2019. He was the Vice President of Brazil from 1 January 2011 to 31 August 2016. He took office after become the running mate of Workers' Party candidate Dilma Rousseff in the 2010 election. On 12 May 2016, he assumed the presidential powers and duties as Acting President of Brazil following the suspension of President Rousseff during her impeachment trial. He became President on 31 August 2016 after Rousseff was impeached by the Senate and removed from office. Rosa 'Veilchenblau' 'Veilchenblau' is a hybrid rose cultivar that was bred in Germany in 1909. Other names for the same rose include 'Bleu-Violet', 'Blue Rambler', 'Blue Rosalie' and 'Violet Blue'. The plant has very few prickles and is considered a climbing rose. It grows from in height. The flowers are small, with a sweet smell. The petal colour is mauve and white, or crimson and white when the flowers first open. The stamens are yellow. This rose was granted the "Award of Garden Merit" by the Royal Horticultural Society in 1993. Buck Taylor Walter Clarence "Buck" Taylor, III (born May 13, 1938) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as gunsmith-turned-deputy Newly O'Brien in the CBS's television series "Gunsmoke" (1967–1975). Denise Borino-Quinn Denise Borino-Quinn (January 6, 1964 – October 27, 2010) was an American television actress. She was known for her role as Ginny Sacramoni in the mafia television series "The Sopranos". Quinn died in Morristown, New Jersey from liver cancer, aged 46. Hyatt Center Hyatt Center is an office tower in Chicago. It was completed in 2005. The 48 story skyscraper is 679 feet (207 m) tall. It is at 71 South Wacker Drive. It is owned by the Irvine Company. Leo Burnett Building The Leo Burnett Building is a skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois near the Chicago River. It is located on 35 West Wacker Drive at North Dearborn Street. It is a 50-story 635 foot (193 m) tall skyscraper. When built in 1989, it was the 12th tallest structure in Chicago. It was designed by Kevin Roche-John Dinkeloo and Associates and Shaw & Associates. It is a postmodern design made with granite, masonry, glass, steel and concrete. The windows are divided by stainless steel bars, which is typical of "Chicago windows." Vengeance Falls Vengeance Falls is the sixth album by the Metalcore band Trivium. It was released on October 9, 2013 in Japan. It was released on October 14 in the United Kingdom. It was released on October 15 in the United States via Roadrunner Records. It peaked at #15 on the US Billboard 200 chart. Fairmont Pacific Rim The Fairmont Pacific Rim is a hotel and condominium building in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The high-end skyscraper is of 48 stories. It was opened on February 4, 2010. It is also part of the Fairmont Hotels and Resorts. Location. The building is located at 1038 Canada Place in Downtown Vancouver in the Coal Harbour neighbourhood. It is right beside the Shaw Tower. It was opened just over a week before the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. The first 22 floors make up a hotel, with the rest of the floors being condominiums. On July 13, 2013, "Glee" star Cory Monteith, aged 31, was found dead in his room on the 21st floor. The hotel occupies the first 22 floors of the 44 storey building. History. This is the fourth Fairmont Hotel in the Vancouver Metropolitan Area. In 2007, the condominiums were pre-sold at a price of $2,100 per square foot one of the highest in Canada at the time. FC Lokomotiv Moscow F.C. Lokomotiv Moscow (FC Lokomotiv Moskva, , ) is a Russian football club from Moscow. They won the Russian Premier League three times and the Russian Cup seven times. Ember to Inferno Ember to Inferno was the first album from the American metalcore band Trivium. It was released on October 14, 2003 on Lifeforce Records. The lead vocalist, Matt Heafy, was 17 at the time of production. It can also be noted that "Inception the Bleeding Skies" is "A View of Burning Empires" played in reverse. Reviews. The album received average to poor reviews. Allmusic gave it 2.5 stars. Sputnikmusic gave it only 2 out of 5. Maurizio De Jorio Maurizio De Jorio is an Italian italo-disco and eurobeat musician and singer. Ennio Zanini Ennio Zanini is italian eurobeat singer. Born in Desenzano del Garda, Brescia in Italy on September 16th, 1964. He plays the guitar and the keyboard He uses the stage names of Fastway or Dusty. He uses Tanith for his eurobeat act. In italy, he plays with the punk rock band monopolice. He worked with (ACE) belong the name Go2 References. https://www.discogs.com/es/artist/189813-Fastway D-Frag! D-Frag!(ディーふらぐ!), also known D-Fragments, is a Japanese manga series by Tomoya Haruno. It began in July 2008. It became an anime series by Brain's Base from 6 January 2014 to 24 March 2014. Robot King Sunshark Robot King Sunshark (로보트왕 썬샤크, Roboteu-wang Sseon-syakeu) also known as "Solar Adventure" is 1985 an animated and Anti-communism film from South Korea. directed by Park Seung-Cheol. Oshkosh, Wisconsin Oshkosh is a city in Winnebago County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located where the Fox River enters Lake Winnebago from the west. The population was 66,083 at the 2010 census. The city is located adjacent to and partially within the Town of Oshkosh. History. In 1670, a French priest, Jean Claude Allouez, landed his canoe in what is now Menominee park in Oshkosh. He came to hold mass for the Indians. European settlers came to the area as early as 1818 and a trading post was set up. By 1837 the small community became known as 'Athens'. In an election in 1840 the name was changed to honor (or flatter) the Menominee chief Oshkosh (meaning 'claw' or 'brave'). Oshkosh became a city in 1853. In 1847 the first Sawmill began making lumber. Soon other sawmills were operating up and down the Fox river. Oshkosh provided lumber for the railroads. When the Great Chicago Fire destroyed much of Chicago in 1871, Oshkosh sawmills provided much of the lumber used to rebuild the city. By 1870, Oshkosh had become the third-largest city in Wisconsin. It had a population of over 12,000. The "Oshkosh Daily Northwestern" newspaper (now the Oshkosh Northwestern) was founded around this time. Oshkosh State Normal School later became the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh). Oshkosh B'Gosh. Oshkosh B’Gosh, a clothing manufacturer, started here in 1903. They started out making adult work clothing. But they became famous making children's clothing. Their bib overalls allowed children to dress just like their working fathers. In 2005 the company was purchased by Carter's, Inc., a children's clothing company. Oshkosh B'Gosh is still sold as a separate brand of clothing. The clothing is no longer made in Oshkosh but the corporate headquarters are still there. The EAA Annual Convention and Fly-In. The Experimental Aircraft Association, headquartered in Oshkosh, holds a yearly air show called "AirVenture Oshkosh". It is mainly for experimental and recreational aircraft. The event has been held at Oshkosh since 1970. The large number of planes coming and going during the fly-in week makes the Wittman Field air traffic control tower the busiest in the world. The event has become so popular that fans simply call it "Oshkosh". Royal Horticultural Society The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) was founded in 1804 in London, England. It was originally called the Horticultural Society of London, and was renamed in 1861. The RHS is the UK's leading gardening charity. The RHS helps to protect plants, gardens and parks. It also helps people learn gardening, and encourages people to grow their own food. It holds flower shows such as the RHS Chelsea Flower Show, Hampton Court Palace Flower Show, RHS Tatton Park Flower Show and RHS Cardiff Flower Show. The RHS has several gardens. The four main gardens are: Wisley Garden in Surrey, Rosemoor Garden in Devon, Hyde Hall in Essex, and Harlow Carr in North Yorkshire. Medals and awards. The society honours certain people with the Victoria Medal of Honour, and the Banksian, Knightian and Lindley medals. It awards Gold, Silver-gilt, Silver, and Bronze medals to exhibitors at its flower shows. The Veitch Memorial Medal is awarded each year for an outstanding contribution to the science and practice of horticulture. Other awards bestowed by the society include the "Associate of Honour" and the "Honorary Fellowship". The Award of Garden Merit, or AGM, is for garden plants that have been extensively tested by the society, and are recommended. Collections. The RHS works to help keep collections of cultivated plants. Some of these collections are kept by the RHS, and others are kept by other people who send documents and dried plant samples to the RHS. The Lindley Library of the RHS has five branches. The library began as the book collection of John Lindley. The RHS Herbarium has many dried plant specimens. It also has its own image library with more than 3,300 original watercolours, approximately 30,000 colour slides and many digital images. Publications. Magazines. The society has published a magazine since 1866. Since 1975 it has had the title "The Garden" and is currently published monthly. The RHS publishes "The Plantsman" and "The Orchid Review" four times a year. "Hanburyana" is published once a year. It is about horticultural taxonomy. Plant registers. Since the International Registration Authorities for plants were formed in 1955, the RHS has been the official "Registrar" for some groups of cultivated plants. It is now Registrar for nine categories – conifers, clematis, daffodils, dahlias, delphiniums, dianthus, lilies, orchids and rhododendrons. It publishes The International Orchid Register , the central list of orchid hybrids. Once Sent from the Golden Hall Once Sent from the Golden Hall was the first album by death metal band Amon Amarth. It was released by Metal Blade Records. The album was released on February 10 1998. Only 1000 copies of the first release were sold, on both CD and LP. It was later re-released, with 500 hand-counted copies. A deluxe edition was released, remastered by Jens Bogren. Martin Lopez left the band to join Opeth soon after the album was released. Reviews. About.com gave the album 4 stars. They said "It's an outstanding debut". They also said that it had "a lot of raw power and aggression". Allmusic.com didn't think the album was so good. They said "the band doesn't really break any new ground here" and that the band "often takes themselves a bit too seriously". The Avenger (album) The Avenger was the second full-length album by the Death Metal band Amon Amarth. It was released by Metal Blade Records on September 2, 1999. It was the first album to feature the guitarist Johan Söderberg and the drummer Fredrik Andersson. The digipak version contained a re-recording of their first demo Thor Arise. It was first released in LP format, but was then re-released by Metal Blade Records in 2005. Quote. Amon Amarth said, It was the result of a short-lived feud with HammerFall. Reviews. The album got very good reviews. Allmusic.com said it was "mixing lightning-quick rhythms and noisy guitar textures with deep, growling grooves." They gave it 3.5 stars out of 5. Aegean cat The Aegean cat () is a breed of cat. It first lived on the Cyclades islands on the Aegean Sea. This is how it got its name. Because it was an island cat, it likes to play in water and to catch fish. The Aegean now lives all over Greece and is a common domestic cat that lives in homes. But there are also many that are feral in Greece. This means they are not tame and they run wild. They hang around fishing ports begging for food. This breed is probably the only cat that began in Greece. Appearance. Aegean cat fur is medium long. It gives good protection during bad winter weather. They have two or three colors. One of the colors is always white, with no yellow tone. Other colors can be black, red, blue, and cream. The fur may or may not have tabby stripes. These cats are strong with muscles and are medium-sized. The paws are medium in size and have a round shape. The eyes are always green and they have an almond shape. Aegeans as pets. The Aegean cat has been tame for hundreds of years and has been living where people are. So it is a friendly and intelligent pet that likes attention. The Aegean can not only live in an apartment, but is also a good rodent catcher outside. Peter Scholl-Latour Peter Roman Scholl-Latour (March 9, 1924 – August 16, 2014) was a French-German journalist and publicist. He was born in Bochum, Germany. He was of (partly) Jewish descent (his mother was Jewish). He was known for his books: He fought in the First Indochina War. Scholl-Latour died in Rhöndorf, Germany, aged 90. Raymond Massey Raymond Hart Massey (August 30, 1896 – July 29, 1983) was a Canadian-American actor. Early life. Massey was born Raymond Hart Massey in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He studied at Balliol College, Oxford and at the University of Toronto. Massey served in the Canadian Army during World War II. Massey moved to London to begin his acting career in 1922. Career. He was known for his roles in "Abe Lincoln in Illinois", "Santa Fe Trail", "Seven Angry Men", "Arsenic and Old Lace", "Hotel Berlin", "East of Eden", "Battle Cry", and in "How the West Was Won". Massey retired in 1973. He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Abraham Lincoln in "Abe Lincoln of Illinois". Massey was also known for his television role as Dr. Gillespie in "Dr. Kildare". Personal life. Massey was married to Margery Fremantle from 1921 until they divorced in 1929. Then he married Adrianne Allen from 1929 until they divorced in 1939. Then he married Dorothy Whitney from 1939 until her death in 1982. Massey two sons and one daughter. He had his first son, Geoffrey, with Margery and his other, Daniel, with Adrianne. He had one daughter, Anna, with Adrianne. His son, Daniel, died in 1998 and his daughter, Anna, died in 2011. Massey was related to Governor-General of Canada Vincent Massey and to Canadian voice actor Walter Massey. Massey was a Republican and, along with Ronald Reagan, supported Barry M. Goldwater presidential campaign. Death. Massey died of pneumonia in Los Angeles, California at the age of 86. He died a month before he would have turned 87. That was the same day as the death of David Niven, who had co-starred with him in "The Prisoner of Zenda" and "A Matter of Life and Death". Massey is buried in New Haven, Connecticut's Beaverdale Memorial Park. FC Barcelona Atlètic F.C. Barcelona B is the reserve team of F.C. Barcelona. They compete in the Segunda División B, the third division of Spanish association football, after being relegated from the Segunda División in the 2014-15 season finishing in 22nd place. History. Barça B was originally founded on 1 August 1934, as "Societat Esportiva Industrial Espanya". It was owned by a textile company of the same name. In 1945, the company agreed with FC Barcelona to make the club Barça's reserve team. They were promoted to La Liga in 1953, but decided to stay in Segunda División. In 1956, they won promotion again, and since teams with names of companies were not allowed, they changed their name to CD Condal. In 1970, they decided to merge Condal with Atlètic Catalunya and formed Barcelona Atlètic. They reached Segunda División B and Segunda División after 1974. In 1991, Barcelona Atlètic was then renamed FC Barcelona B. In 2008, they were named Barcelona Atlètic once again when Pep Guardiola brought them to Segunda División B, and then once again named FC Barcelona B when they were promoted to Segunda División. Fábio Coentrão Fábio Alexandre da Silva Coentrão (born 11 March 1988) is a Portuguese professional footballer. He plays for Real Madrid in Spain and the Portuguese national team. Statistics. Club. <br> Florentino Pérez Florentino Pérez Rodríguez (; born 8 March 1947) is a Spanish businessman, civil engineer, and politician. He serves as president of Real Madrid Football Club, and ACS. Real Madrid Castilla Real Madrid Castilla is a Spanish football team. It is Real Madrid's reserve team. Their home stadium (ground) is Alfredo di Stéfano Stadium. They currently play in the Segunda División B. Because it is Real Madrid's reserve team, the team can not be promoted (moved up to La Liga. Pohang Pohang is a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. Its a main seaport in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk region. The city is has two wards ("Gu"), Buk-gu (Northern Ward) and Nam-gu (Southern Ward). This city has the largest population of Gyeongbuk. It also has the 3rd widest land of South Korea. Wellington Phoenix FC Wellington Phoenix F.C. is a soccer club from Wellington, New Zealand. It competes in the A-League, under licence from Football Federation Australia (FFA). Monarcas Morelia Club Atlético Monarcas Morelia is a Mexican football club from Morelia, Michoacán. The team is owned by TV Azteca. Its home stadium is Estadio Morelos. Tigres UANL Club de Fútbol Tigres de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, commonly known as Tigres UANL Equipo Chico, is a Mexican professional football club. Its based in San Nicolás de los Garza, a suburb of Monterrey. Ruth Davidson Ruth Davidson (born 10 November 1978) is a Scottish politician. She was Leader of the Scottish Conservative Party from November 2011 to August 2019 and also the Leader of the Opposition in the Scottish Parliament from May 2016 to August 2019. From August 2020, she began serving as the Leader of the Conservative Party in the Scottish Parliament and the Leader of the Opposition until the Next Scottish Parliament election, while overall party leader and MP Douglas Ross is yet to be elected to the Scottish Parliament. Career. Davidson was elected as a Member of the Scottish Parliament in May 2011. She became leader of the Scottish Conservative Party on 4 November 2011. Before being an MSP she worked as a journalist. She was in the Territorial Army for three years. She also worked as a Sunday School teacher. Davidson left the position of leader of the Scottish Conservative Party on 29 August 2019. Personal life. Davidson was born in Edinburgh Royal Maternity Hospital and Simpson Memorial Maternity Pavilion at Edinburgh. She was studied at Knowepark Primary School and Buckhaven High School, She was lived Selkirk, Scottish Borders and Fife, Scotland in her lifetime. Davidson studied English literature at University of Edinburgh, gaining a Master of Arts degree. After graduation, her first working with Glenrothes Gazette as a trainee reporter. She moving to Kingdom FM, after that followed by Real Radio, And finally joined BBC Scotland in late 2002 where she worked as a radio journalist, producer, presenter and reporter. She lives in Partick, Glasgow. She is a lesbian. 2013–14 UEFA Champions League The 2013–14 UEFA Champions League was the 59th UEFA Champions League. The champions were Real Madrid. No third place match was played, as usual, but the teams defeated in the semi-finals were Bayern Munich and Chelsea. Bayern Munich were the defending champions, but they were eliminated in the semi finals. Oribe Oribe is a given name. People with the given name include: Hans V. Engström Hans Vollart Engström (24 February 1949 – 5 August 2014) was a Swedish actor. He was best known for his roles as Uno in the television soap opera "Rederiet" from 1992 until 2002. He also played Jan in the drama movie "Mamma" (1982). He appeared in many television movies during his career. Engström was born in Enskede near Stockholm. He died from liver failure on 5 August 2014 at the age of 65. One Night in Istanbul One Night in Istanbul is a British comedy-drama movie. It is co-directed, produced and written by Nicky Allt. The movie stars Steven Waddington and Paul Barber. The movie is about Liverpool fans in Istanbul, Turkey about to watch UEFA Champions League final in May 2005. The movie's trailer was shown on 8 August 2014. It was released on 11 September in the UK and Ireland and worldwide on 15 September. Mike Smith Michael George "Mike" Smith (23 April 1955 – 1 August 2014), also known nicknamed "Smitty", was an English television and radio presenter. He was best known for being a BBC Radio 1 breakfast show DJ from 1982 until 1988. Smith was also a racing driver and businessman. Smith was born in Romford, Essex. He was married to presenter Sarah Greene from 1989 until his death. He was also a helicopter pilot and was badly injured with Greene in 1986 when they had a helicopter accident in Gloucestershire. Smith died from problems caused by heart surgery on 1 August 2014 in London. He was 59. Ascendancy (album) Ascendany was the second studio album by the American heavy metal band Trivium. The album was released in 2005. It was the first album to feature guitarist Corey Beaulieu and bassist Paolo Gregoletto. Production. The album contained 4 singles, "Like Light to the Flies", "Pull Harder on the Strings of Your Martyr", "A Gunshot to the Head of Trepidation" and "Dying in Your Arms". A music video was made for each of these songs. Also, a promotional video was filmed for the song "Rain". A demo version of "The Deceived" was included in the re-release of Ember to Inferno, nearly a year before this album was released. Sales. "Ascendancy" has sold over 500,000 copies worldwide, in the United States of America the album reached No. 4 on the Top Heatseekers charts, with over 140,000 units sold. Reviews. When the album was released, it got very good reviews. Johnny Loftus of Allmusic had this to say about the album "Ascendancy aligns real-deal thrash with powerful modern influences. But at all times it's a platform for Trivium's own crazed talent." It also got 7/10 stars from PopMatters. Wolfgang Leonhard Wolfgang Leonhard (16 April 1921 – 17 August 2014) was a German political author, historian, and expert. He wrote many books on Communism and how he was against it. He was the last living member of the Ulbricht Group, an anti-communism group. Leonhard was born in Vienna, Austria to German parents. Leonhard died at a hospital in Daun, Germany from a long-illness at the age of 93. Blue Point, New York Blue Point is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 4,773 at the 2010 census. Blue Point is in the Town of Brookhaven. It was the home of Nobel Prize-winner Raymond Davis, Jr.. Factory (band) Factory was a band from Stockholm in Sweden, active between 1978-1982. They scored chart successes in Sweden during the late 1970s-1980's. Factory brok through in Sweden with the 1978 single "Efter plugget" 1978. The single was followed up by the album "Factory". The band toured the Nordic Region in the late 1970s-early 1980's and also released the 1980 album "Factory II". During the 1990s, the band was reunited temporary touring with, among others, Magnum Bonum, Attack and Snowstorm. Peter Sculthorpe Peter Joshua Sculthorpe (29 June 1929 – 8 August 2014) was an Australian composer. He was best known for orchestral and chamber music, such as "Earth Cry" (1986) and "Kakadu" (1988). He was a classical-styled opera and ballet composer. Sculthorpe was born in suburban Launceston, Tasmania. He studied in Melbourne, Victoria and at the Wadham College, Oxford in the United Kingdom. Sculthorpe died after a long illness on 8 August 2014 in Sydney, New South Wales. He was 85. Snowstorm (band) Snowstorm is a rock band in Gothenburg in Sweden, founded in 1976 by Lars "Dille" Diedricson (vocals), Peter Nordholm (guitar), Torben Ferm (drums) and Micael Serenban (bass). The band scored several chart successes in Sweden during the 1970's and 80's. One of their most famous songs is "Sommarnatt" from 1980. Marianne Flynner Marianne Flynner, born 16 September 1954 in Stockholm, Sweden, is a Swedish singer. During the 1980s, she travelled with Rocktåget, and sung as a backup-choir girl with among others, Roxette and Eva Dahlgren. For eight years, she lived in California, before studying at Adolf Fredrik's Music School. in the USA, she was influenced by country music. By late 1993, Country Girl came out and her first album with own songs, and it peaked at 47th position at the Swedish album chart. In 1994 came her second album, Tic-Tac Time, and in 1996 came her third, Sagt och gjort. The albums consisted of accustic, country-influenced, folk rock. In 1995 she scored a hit together with Susanne Alfvengren and Åsa Jinder performing the Swedish women's national team fight song "Det är nu!" during the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup, which was played in Sweden. On 4 January 1997, her song "Den sista december" received a Svensktoppen test, but failed to enter chart. Another famous song is "Hennes ögon" from 1996, written by Lotta Ahlin, and recorded by, among others, Jill Johnson in 1998. Twilight Dementia Twilight Dementia is the first live album by the British power metal band DragonForce. It was released in Japan on 8 September 2010. In the United Kingdom it was released on 13 September and in the United States on September 14. The album was recorded in November and December 2009 during the United Kingdom part of their Ultra Beatdown tour. It was recorded across 19 shows. It was the last album that had ZP Theart as the lead singer before he left the band. Production. The album was produced by Karl Groom, Herman Li and Sam Totman. Reviews. Allmusic given the album 3.5 out of 5 stars, saying that "the sound feels a little thin, but everything else is in place with the main attraction being shredmasters Herman Li and Sam Totman". They also said that "if you’re among those who just can’t seem to get enough of their well beyond over the top musical antics, Twilight Dementia will certainly satisfy." ZP Theart ZP Theart (born 27 May 1975 in Clanwilliam, South Africa) is a heavy metal singer. Most people know him as the main singer of DragonForce. While in DragonForce he recorded 5 albums and a studio album. He left shortly after the release of Twilight Dementia due to "insurmountable differences of musical opinion". He has since said he does not regret leaving the band. After leaving, he formed heavy metal band I Am I with him as lead singer. They have released 1 studio album called "Event Horizon". He was recently hired by Riot Games as the voice of Karthus in the fictional metal band Pentakill. This was for the songs "Deathfire Grasp" and "Last Whisper". The Road to Serfdom The Road to Serfdom is a book written by the Austrian-born economist and philosopher Friedrich von Hayek (1899–1992) between 1940–1943. In the book he warned of the danger of tyranny which comes from "government control of economic decision-making by central planning". He means the way fascist, communist and socialist governments try to control every aspect of the economy. The rights and wishes of the individual are important, and the state should not interfere too much. When the state controls too much, that leads to a loss of freedom, an oppressive society, and eventually the tyranny of a dictator. The individual citizen becomes a serf. Hayek argued that fascism and socialism had roots in central economic planning and giving the state power over the individual. After its publication in 1944, "The Road to Serfdom" became a popular account of market libertarianism. It has sold over two million copies. "The Road to Serfdom" was to be a popular edition of the second volume of Hayek’s "The Abuse and Decline of Reason". The title was inspired by the writings of the 19th century French classical liberal Alexis de Tocqueville on the "road to servitude".p116 The book was first published in Britain by Routledge in March 1944, during World War II, and was quite popular. Hayek called it "that unobtainable book", due to wartime paper rationing.p128 It was published in the United States by the University of Chicago Press in September 1944 and became popular. The American magazine "Reader's Digest" published an abridged version in April 1945. This got "The Road to Serfdom" to a wider group of readers than before. The book had a big impact on twentieth-century conservative and libertarian economic and political thinking. It is often cited today by commentators. Attack (band) Attack was a pop group in Huddinge in Sweden, active between 1980-1985, scoring chart successes in Sweden during the early 1980s. Angel (Swedish band) Angel was a group from Degerfors in Sweden, breaking through with their 1991 chart success "Sommaren i city". Members. The girls came from Degerfors and Karlskoga. In 1992, the band released the album "Äventyr i natten", and participated at Melodifestivalen 1992 with the songs "Venus Butterfly". Originally, Anna Åkesson was the vocalist. Linda Jansson later was one of three cowriters of the song "När vindarna viskar mitt namn", which won Melodifestivalen 2000, performed by Roger Pontare. Later appearances. On 2 Augusti 2007, the band appeared during the Stockholm Pride schlager evening, performing the songs "Sommaren i city" and "Venus Butterfly". A "Sommarkrysset" appearance, aired over TV4, was done on 25 August 2007. Imerio Massignan Imerio Massignan (born January 2, 1937) is an Italian retired professional cyclist. He was born in Altavilla Vicentina. Career. His first professional race was the Giro d'Italia in 1959. He finished 5th overall. He did well in the Giro d'Italia for six years. His best finish was 2nd overall in 1962. At the Tour de France he won the Polka dot jersey for best climber in 1960 and 1961. In 1961 he also finished 4th overall. Later in 1961 he came second in the Giro di Lombardia. Massignan retired in 1969. Stand Up and Scream Stand Up and Scream was the debut album of the English metalcore band Asking Alexandria. It was released on 15 September 2009 through Sumerian Records. The album came number 170 on the Billboard 200, number 29 on Top Independent albums and number 5 on Heatseekers. Magnum Bonum Magnum Bonum was a pop group from Huddinge in Sweden, scoring several chart successes in Sweden during the 1970's and 80's. Famous songs are "Skateboard" ("LA Run"), "Marie", "Lover Boy", "Vi vill ha mer", "Hög hatt" and "Digital panik". Børre Knudsen Børre Knudsen (September 24, 1937 – August 17, 2014) was a Norwegian Lutheran minister. He was known for his pro-life (against abortion) activism. Knudsen and a few more activist created the a new Norwegian church called Deanery of Strandebarm. He was made bishop of the church in 1997. Knudsen was born in Vennesla, Norway. Knudsen died in Mestervik, Norway, aged 76. Australian Mist The Australian Mist (first named the Spotted Mist) is a breed of cat. The breed began in Australia, in 1976. Burmese cats, Abyssinian cats and other short-haired cats were mated to make a short-haired cat with a spotted coat. In 1998, the name was changed to "Australian Mist", when cats with marbled coats became part of the breed. Appearance. Australian Mists are medium-sized short-haired cats. They have large eyes and a short coat of fur. They do not need much brushing because they do not lose much hair. Their coat has three types of markings. First is their background solid color. It is paler than their pattern, which is spotted like a tabby. Their legs and tail have rings or stripes. Their face and neck also have lines of color. The accepted colors are blue, chocolate, lilac, cinnamon and fawn. Behavior. Australian Mists are okay with being picked up and held. They do not scratch much. When they are kittens, they have a lot of energy. As adults, they settle down to be quiet cats. They make good indoor cats. Some can be trained to go for walks with a collar and a leash. Sophie Masloff Sophie Masloff (December 23, 1917 – August 17, 2014) was an American politician. She was a long-time member of the Democratic Party and civil servant. She was elected to the Pittsburgh City Council and later served as the mayor of Pittsburgh from 1988 to 1994. She was the first woman and the first Jew to hold that office. Masloff died on August 17, 2014, at the Center for Compassionate Care in Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania, aged 96. Windowing system A windowing system is a computing term. It refers to a way a computer operating system (OS) displays computer programs on a computer screen. It is a type of graphical user interface (GUI) using windows, menus, and a pointer. Microsoft Windows is a popular OS that uses a windowing system. Each window is an independent part of the screen and typically holds a program or dialog box. Henrik Åberg Henrik Åberg, born 1976, is a Swedish singer who won TV4's "Sikta mot stjärnorna" in 1995, imitating Elvis Presley performing the song "Blue Hawaii", and scoring chart successes in Sweden. He also represented Sweden in the European final of "European Soundmix Show", on 13 April 1996 in Amsterdam, performing "Love Me Tender". At Melodifestivalen 1996 he participated with the song "Du är alltid en del utav mej" written by Lasse Berghagen and Lasse Holm. While the song didn't reach the final, it became a Svensktoppen hit for 36 weeks. Henrik Åberg then went on a summer tour with an own band, where ABBA bassist Rutger Gunnarsson was Kapellmeister. Between 1996 and 1998 he scored totally five Sensktoppen hits. In 2001, even "En dans i morgonsolen", with Martinez charted for 17 weeks at Svenskoppen. Northern pike The Northern pike ("Esox lucius"), has a number of nicknames such as 'Northern', 'Great northern pike', 'Pike', and 'Jack'. Its name literally means 'water wolf'. The Northern pike is a freshwater game fish and the second largest member of the Esox (Pike) family. It is also that family's namesake. In North America they are native to Alaska, Canada and the Upper Midwestern United States. Their natural range also includes Northern Europe and Asia. They are a cold water fish and do best in deep lakes. Northerns are voracious feeders that require large supplies of fish for steady growth. If they are overpopulated in a body of water their growth rate is often stunted. Physical description. Northern pike and Muskellunge look very similar and are sometimes confused. The Northern has light colored markings on a dark body (the opposite of the Musky). Also the Northern has a rounded tail fins while the Musky's are pointed. The northern has a long body. It has a large number of very sharp teeth. The northern is the only member of the pike family with spots on its side that are lighter than the body color. Another difference is they have five or less pores under the jaw; muskies have six or more. Habitat and forage. Northern pike are frequently found in very shallow water. They prefer weeds and are often found near fallen logs. In the early spring Northerns move to very shallow water. They often spawn in weedy marshes. As the weather warms up, Northerns move to deeper water close to the edges of weed beds. Northerns eat other fish: they eat a lot of other fish. They control other fish species from becoming overpopulated. They feed on whatever is easiest to catch. They wait in ambush and can rush forward with tremendous speed. Mount Washington (New Hampshire) Mount Washington is the tallest mountain in New Hampshire. It is also the tallest in the northeastern United States. It is tall. The mountain is known for cold and stormy weather. Some people think it has the "worst weather in the world". The highest wind speed ever measured on earth, , was recorded there. History. The Native American name for the mountain was Agiocochook (or Agiochook). It was thought to be the home of the Great Spirit. As early as 1628 it appears in print as "Christall hill" (Crystal Hill). In July 1874 it was given its current name, Mt. Washington, after George Washington. A road to the summit was completed in 1859. It allowed horses and carriages to travel to the top. The road is still there today. On 31 August 1899, Freelan O. Stanley and his wife drove a Stanley Steamer motor car to the top of Mt. Washington. Not counting stops to add water, the car took two hours and ten minutes to reach the top. The cog railroad. In 1869 a cog railroad was built to carry tourists to the top of the mountain. It carried so many passengers at a time a new hotel had to be built in 1873. Sylvester Marsh designed this system and in 1866 he raised funds to build the first cog railroad; it was to the top of Mt. Washington. He was called "Crazy Marsh" because a railroad going up a mountain was thought to be impossible. But Marsh wasn't crazy. He took out patents on his design. Customers paid to ride to the top even before it was finished. They called the ride "Jacob’s Ladder". It is still in operation today climbing the mountain at . Ray Walston Ray Walston (Herman Raymond Walston; November 2, 1914 – January 1, 2001) was an American actor and comedian. He was known for his role as Uncle Martin O'Hara in the television series "My Favorite Martian". On January 1, 2001, Walston died at age 86 at his home in Beverly Hills, California 6 years after being diagnosed with lupus. He was survived by his wife, daughter, and two grandchildren. Walston was cremated and his ashes given to his daughter. City upon a Hill A City upon a Hill is a phrase from the Salt and Light in Jesus's Sermon on the Mount. In Matthew 5:14, he tells his listeners, "You are the light of the world. A city that is set on a hill cannot be hidden." It has become popular with American politicians. President Ronald Reagan used the image as well, in his 1984 acceptance of the Republican Party nomination and in his January 11, 1989, farewell speech to the nation: English Cocker Spaniel The English Cocker Spaniel is a breed of dog. It is one of many Spaniel breeds. Spaniels were bred to hunt. They were used as hunting dogs to retrieve shot animals. Now they are family pets, but are still very active. Cockers have a will of their own. Most English Cocker Spaniels are loving, happy, friendly and intelligent animals. English Cocker Spaniels make good family pets. They do not like being alone. They will make noise and chew things if alone for too long. These dogs are faithful, social and affectionate. They like to sit close to their owners and sleep in the same room. They want to be together as often as possible. English Cocker Spaniels rank 18th in Stanley Coren's "The Intelligence of Dogs". This means that they are very intelligent. English Cocker Spaniels are happy and wag their tails a lot. Because of this, they have the nickname "merry cocker". They can also be dominant but loyal to their family. English Cocker Spaniels come in many different colors. Their height is from 38 to 41 cm, weight is from 11–13 kg. The English Cocker Spaniel's hair needs to be trimmed from time to time. If not they will shed a lot of hair. Wolf Point, Chicago Wolf Point is the location where the North, South and Main Branches of the Chicago River meet in the present day Near North Side, Loop, and Near West Side community areas of Chicago. Wolf Point is historically important in the development of early Chicago. This was the location of Chicago's first three taverns, its first hotel, Sauganash Hotel, its first ferry, its first drug store, its first church, and the first bridges across the Chicago River. The Wolf Point is said to be named after a Native American Chief whose name meant to wolf in English, but other theories exist. Chicago flood The Chicago flood happened on April 13, 1992. It was caused when the damaged wall of a utility tunnel beneath the Chicago River opened into a breach which flooded basements and underground facilities throughout the Chicago Loop with an estimated of water. No one was killed or hurt during the incident. It caused an estimated $1.95 billion of damage. The tunnels. In 1906 a small tunnel system opened under the downtown. The streets were crowded with horse-wagons. The tunnels were meant to carry things inside with no horses. Coal and "ashes" (burnt coal) were always part of the business. Most tunnels were wide and tall. The walls were made of concrete about thick. The tracks were "gauge" (the distance between the rails) and an electric "trolley" wire was mounted on the ceiling. Two axle electric motor locomotives used electricity from the trolley wires. They pulled small freight cars. There were up to of tracks under the downtown. They went under most streets in a space about by . The tunnel under Kinzie St. went under the Chicago River. The tunnels were a failure. Not enough buildings connected with them and there wasn't enough business. Then trucks replaces horses and the tunnels had even less business. Most buildings stopped using coal and then there were no ashes. The tunnels lost money until they were closed in 1959. After then the city owned them. They are now used for telephone and other wires. The bridge. The Kinzie St. bridge is one of many drawbridges over the Chicago River (a railroad bridge next to it is left open). When it was built in 1909 it opened many times a day. It has a control tower where a bridge-tender could see both ends of the bridge when raising and lowering it. Now it does not open very often and nobody works there. "Pilings" (logs pounded into the ground) were bumpers to stop boats from hitting the bridge. When the pilings were being changed one of the new pilings was moved a little. Nobody thought it was important. The company filled out some paperwork but didn't do anything with them. The city inspectors didn't check the plans or the work. Changing the pilings seemed simple so nobody was careful. When the new pilings were put in they pushed an older pile into the tunnel. The concrete cracked and a little mud started leaking into the tunnel. An inspector for a cable TV company saw the leak and took pictures. He told the city. Nobody thought it was very important and work was slow. The flood. In the morning of April 13 the tunnel wall broke and water started coming in. The tunnels are below river level and filled up with water. Twenty four older buildings connected to the tunnels. Their basements started to flood. Most had doors closed and locked but the doors were not waterproof. The City Hall/County Building had to move legal paperwork out of the basements. Other buildings also saved things. The tunnels connected to two subways that were closed. Some places not connected to the tunnels also flooded. A low part of an Interstate Highway also flooded. All electricity was turned off and the downtown was closed. A whirlpool was seen by the pilings on the southeast corner of the Kinzie St. bridge (that was where the bridge-tender's tower was). A large construction company started to put gravel and sandbags into the hole (the hole was the size of a car). Later quick-drying concrete plugged it. Concrete walls were built in the tunnel on both sides of the river. On April 19, six days after the flood started, the leak was stopped. Two days later the water started to be pumped out. It was pumped out slowly so no other problems happened. On May 21 the pumping was done. After the flood. After the flood the tunnels were cleaned out and fixed up. The tunnels were still strong, they were just wet and dirty. Before the flood the city was getting ten million dollars a year in rent from wire companies. Mud (and old train cars left behind) was taken out. Waterproof doors and walls were built and more "sump-pumps" put in. Now the tunnels are clean, painted, and still used. Aaron Montgomery Ward Aaron Montgomery Ward (February 17, 1844 – December 7, 1913) was an American entrepreneur from Chicago. He was known for his use of mail order for retail sales to rural customers. Ward continues to be honored as the protector of Grant Park in Chicago. In 1872 he founded Montgomery Ward, a store which became nationally known. Richard Warren Sears Richard Warren Sears (December 7, 1863 – September 28, 1914) was an American manager and businessman. He was the founder of Sears, Roebuck and Company with his partner Alvah Curtis Roebuck. Alvah Curtis Roebuck Alvah Curtis Roebuck (January 9, 1864 – June 18, 1948) was an American manager and businessman. He was the founder of Sears, Roebuck and Company with his partner Richard Warren Sears. George Streeter George Wellington "Cap" Streeter (1837 – January 22, 1921) was an American businessman and criminal. He was born near the town of Flint, Michigan. From 1886 to 1921, Streeter was in many scandals such as, forged legal documents and used violence to wrest of Lake Michigan shoreline away from its rightful owners. He then turned to conning the poor by selling them land that he did not own. He was convicted of manslaughter in 1902 and was sent to prison. He died of pneumonia. A Chicago neighborhood, Streeterville is named after him. Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard (August 22, 1802 in Windsor, Vermont – September 14, 1886 in Chicago, Illinois) was an American fur trader, insurance underwriter and land speculator. Hubbard first arrived in Chicago on October 1, 1818 as a voyageur. He went on to build Chicago's first stockyard and help form a land boom for Chicago in the East. 191 North Wacker 191 North Wacker is a 516ft (157m) tall skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. The construction was from 2000 to 2002. It has 37 floors, 14 elevators, and 68,184 m² of floor space. Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates designed the building. It is the 77th tallest in Chicago. Wolf Point South Tower Wolf Point South Tower is the tallest of three planned buildings to be developed in the Near North Side community area on the Wolf Point next to the Chicago River in downtown Chicago. The building is planned to be tall. The East Tower is also under construction. InterContinental Chicago Magnificent Mile InterContinental Chicago Magnificent Mile is a hotel in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The hotel currently occupies two multi-story buildings. The historic tower, or "South Tower," is a , 42-story building which was completed in 1929 originally as the home of the Medinah Athletic Club. The new tower, or "North Tower" is a , 28-story addition, completed in 1961. Allerton Hotel The Warwick Allerton Hotel or Warwick Allerton Hotel Chicago (formerly Allerton Hotel and Allerton Crowne Plaza Hotel) is a 25-story hotel skyscraper on the Magnificent Mile in the Near North Side community area of Chicago, Illinois. It was the first building in the city to feature setbacks and towers resulting from the 1923 zoning law. The building was designated a Chicago Landmark on May 29, 1998. Robert R. McCormick Robert Rutherford "Colonel" McCormick (July 30, 1880 – April 1, 1955) was an American businessman. He was a member of the McCormick family of Chicago. He became owner and publisher of the "Chicago Tribune" newspaper. William Le Baron Jenney William Le Baron Jenney (September 25, 1832—June 14, 1907) was an American architect and engineer. He is known for building the first skyscraper in 1884. It was called the Home Insurance Building. He soon became known as the Father of the American skyscraper. He is buried in Graceland Cemetery in Uptown, Chicago. Henry Hobson Richardson Henry Hobson Richardson (September 29, 1838 – April 27, 1886) was an American architect. He designed buildings in Albany, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Pittsburgh, Milwaukee and other cities. The style he popularized is named for him: Richardsonian Romanesque. Along with Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright, Richardson is one of "the recognized trinity of American architecture". Handkerchief A handkerchief , also called a handkercher or hanky, is a form of a kerchief, usually made of thin fabric that can be carried in the pocket or purse. It was invented for personal hygiene purposes such as wiping one's hands or face, or blowing one's nose. A handkerchief is also sometimes used as a purely decorative accessory in a suit pocket. Modern usage. The material of a handkerchief can be symbolic of the social-economic class of the user. It is not only because some materials are more expensive, but because some materials are more absorbent and useful for those who use a handkerchief for more than style. Handkerchiefs can be made of cotton, cotton-synthetic blend, synthetic fabric, silk, or linen. Origin. Before people used the word handkerchief, the word kerchief alone was common. This term came from two French words: couvrir, which means “to cover,” and chef, which means “head.” In the time of ancient Greece and Rome, handkerchiefs were often used the way they are today. But in the Middle Ages, kerchiefs were usually used to cover the head. Johnson City, Texas Johnson City is a city in Blanco County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,361 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Blanco County. Jay Pritzker Pavilion Jay Pritzker Pavilion, also known as Pritzker Pavilion or Pritzker Music Pavilion, is a bandshell in Millennium Park in the Loop community area of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is located on the south side of Randolph Street and east of the Chicago Landmark Historic Michigan Boulevard District. The pavilion was named after Jay Pritzker, whose family is known for owning Hyatt Hotels. The building was designed by architect Frank Gehry. The pavilion was constructed between June 1999 and July 2004, opening officially on July 16, 2004. Chicago Picasso The Chicago Picasso (often just "The Picasso") is an untitled monumental sculpture by Pablo Picasso in Chicago, Illinois. The sculpture was dedicated on August 15, 1967 in Daley Plaza in the Chicago Loop. It is tall and weighs . The Cubist sculpture by Picasso was the first such major public artwork in Downtown Chicago, and has become a well known landmark. It is known for its inviting jungle gym-like characteristics. Visitors to Daley Plaza can often be seen climbing on and sliding down the base of the sculpture. Goodman Theatre The Goodman Theatre is a professional theater company located in Chicago's Loop. A major part of Chicago Theatre, it is the city's oldest currently active nonprofit theater organization. Part of its present theater complex occupies the landmark Harris and Selwyn Theaters property. Chicago (That Toddlin' Town) Chicago" is a popular song. It was written by Fred Fisher and was published in 1922. The song has been recorded by many artists, but the best-known version is by Frank Sinatra. One line mentions that evangelist, Billy Sunday could not shut down Chicago. The song was featured in H.C. Potter's 1939 movie, "The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle". Jay Pritzker Jay Arthur Pritzker (August 26, 1922 – January 23, 1999) was an American entrepreneur, conglomerate organizer, and member of the Pritzker family. He was the co-founder of Hyatt Corporation. The Jay Pritzker Pavilion is named after him. Ann Rowan Ann Rowan (1929 – 10 August 2014) was an Irish actress. She was best known for her role as Julia Mac in the RTÉ television soap opera "The Riordans". She also had roles in the television series "Father Ted" and "Screen Two". She made appearances in the movies "Ulysses" (1967) and "The Outsider" (1980). Rowan was born in 1929. She was a keen poker and scrabble player. Rowan died after a short illness on 10 August 2014 in Gormanston, Leinster. She was 85. Ulysses (1967 movie) Ulysses is a 1967 British-American drama movie loosely based on James Joyce's novel "Ulysses". It concerns the meeting of two Irishmen, Leopold Bloom and Stephen Dedalus, in the Dublin of 1904. It starred Milo O'Shea as Leopold Bloom, Barbara Jefford as Molly Bloom, Maurice Roëves as Stephen Dedalus, T. P. McKenna as Buck Mulligan and Sheila O'Sullivan as May Golding Dedalus. It was adapted by Fred Haines and Joseph Strick. It was directed by Strick. Haines and Strick shared an Oscar nomination for the screenplay. Barbara Jefford Barbara Jefford, OBE (26 July 1930 – 12 September 2020) was a British Shakespearean actress. She was best known for her roles on stage with the Royal Shakespeare Company, the Old Vic and the National Theatre. Internationally she was known for her role as Molly Bloom in the 1967 movie of James Joyce's "Ulysses". Jefford died on 12 September 2020, aged 90. Janne Persson Jan Persson ("Janne Lucas"), born 3 October 1947 in Gothenburg's Gamlestad Parish in Gothenburg, Sweden is a Swedish pianist and singer, scoring several chart successes in Sweden during the 1970s and 1980s. Janne Lucas participated at Melodifestivalen 1980 with the song "Växeln hallå", winning the contest. The upcoming year he participated with the song "Rocky Mountain" ending up third. For many years, Janne Lucas also acted as pianist for "Vi i femman" Janne also accompanied the vocal group "Noviserna" for a while, where Anna-Lisa Cederquist participated. The addressing name "Lucas" comes from a pop band in Gothenburg, where he was a pianist and singer during the late 1960s. The pop band Lucas won Sveriges Radio's Pop Band Competition in 1967, and charted at Tio i topp with the song "Anti-Social Season". Before that, the cover song "Go Now" had already charted. In a Bildjournalen issue was a commercial record with, among others, the band Lucas and the song "One Night Stand". On 6 November 2009, he participated at Doobidoo in SVT, playing the piano performing "Växeln hallå". Persson is also a choral director for Onsala and Mölnlycke Gospel Choir Mona Wessman Mona Wessman, born 24 March 1948 in Långsele in Sweden, is a Swedish singer. Her breakthrough came together with Nina Lizell and Claes-Göran Hederström in the "Minishow" TV show, which aired on Pentecost Saturday 1967. Her definitive breaktrhough as a recording artist was "Gå och göm dej, Åke Tråk", participating at Melodifestivalen 1968, ending up third, and becoming a Svensktoppen hit peaking at third position. The same year, she toured the folkparks of Sweden together with Nina and Claes-Göran. Sven Lindahl wrote another of her more successful songs, "Hambostinta i kortkort". During the autumn of 1968, she toured with Lenne Broberg, Claes-Göran Hederström and Hipp Happy Band, consisting of Mats Westman, Lasse Sandborg, Stefan Möller och Bertil Bodahl. Scoring several Svensktoppen hits by the late 1960s, she also appeared in the 1968 film "Åsa-Nisse och den stora kalabaliken". She also participated at Melodifestivalen 1973 where the song she performed, "Helledudane en sån karl", ended up last. Hasse Andersson Hasse "Kvinnaböske" Andersson, born 28 January 1948 in Malmö, Sweden, is a Swedish country singer and songwriter, scoring album chart successes in Sweden during the 1980s. Legibility Legibility is the degree to which writing can be seen and read. Each glyph (individual character) in text has a shape we recognize in reading. The complete set of letters and symbols in a design is called a font (or fount). The choice of font is therefore the first thing which affects legibility. A second factor in legibility is the setting, the way the type is used in practice. This includes line length, line spacing ("leading"), justification, typestyle, kerning, tracking, point size, etc. Cairn Terrier The Cairn Terrier is a breed of working dogs. It is one of the oldest terrier dog breeds. It is a small terrier from the Scottish Highlands. The breed was used for hunting among the cairns (a cairn is a pile of stones in the Scottish Highlands). Cairn Terriers have rough hair or fur that helps to protect the dog from water and dirt. The fur can be blue, red, sandy, gray, or brindle. Pure black, and white are usually not permitted by breeding groups. The Cairn Terrier's hair should not be cut with scissors. The old hair is removed by pulling it by hand. This is called hand-stripping. Removing the dead hair like this will let new hair grow. Boleskine House Boleskine House is a house on the south side of Loch Ness. It is in the Scottish Highlands. It is best known for having been the home of two famous people. First was the writer and occultist Aleister Crowley. Then later, it was the home of Jimmy Page, the guitarist for Led Zeppelin. The house was mostly burned down by fire in December 2015. Boleskine House is a Category B listed building in the United Kingdom, along with the stables and a small lodge (cottage). This means it has historical and cultural importance. History. Boleskine House is 21 miles south of Inverness and close to the village of Foyers. The house was built in the 18th century as a hunting cottage or lodge. The house is right next to a graveyard. The graveyard was already thought to have ghosts and supernatural happenings, even before Crowley bought it. Aleister Crowley. Crowley bought Boleskine House from the Archibald Fraser family in 1899. There were rumors of him using black magic and rituals while he lived at the house. His housekeeper had bad things happen while living there, including the death of his two children. Crowley later said that he had used too much black magic. He sold the house in 1913, because he was running out of money. Jimmy Page. Page was already collecting things about Aleister Crowley. He was reading about him and was interested in his ideas. He bought the house and land in 1970. He thought it would be a good spooky place to help him write songs. At the time it was in bad shape and needed repairs. But, even though he had the house fixed up; he did not spend much time there. Page sold the house in 1992. He actually lived there for less than six weeks. A fantasy scene for Page that was shown in Led Zeppelin's movie "The Song Remains the Same" was made around Boleskin House. It was made during a full moon in December, 1973. Page is climbing a mountain in the moonlight. Later history. After Page sold it, the house was run as a guest-house. In 2009, the house and land were put up for sale. The sale also included 140 feet of shoreline of Loch Ness. The new Dutch owners, who are not known, were using it as a holiday home. It is now owned by the Boleskine House Foundation and will open to the public after it has been restored. Fire. On the afternoon of 23 December 2015, a motorist passing by saw flames and smoke coming from Boleskine House. By the time fire crews arrived, almost 60 percent of the home was already burned. Flames were rising up to 20 feet high. The firefighters tried to save the west wing of the house, as the rest of the building had been too badly damaged. The fire was thought to have started in the kitchen, but no one was home. It is not known how much of Boleskine House is still standing since the fire. A former owner said that the damage is so bad it "is unlikely it will ever be rebuilt unless there is someone out there with an interest in the occult wanting to spend a lot of money." Erasmus Bridge The Erasmus Bridge is a bridge in the city of Rotterdam. The bridge was the second bridge built over the Maas river. The bridge is named after Desiderius Erasmus who was born in Rotterdam. The bridge connects the northern and southern parts of Rotterdam. The bridge was designed by Ben van Berkel. Queen Beatrix opened the bridge in 1996. The bridge is a long cable-stayed bridge. It is high. Between the pillar and the district "Kop Van Zuid" is a long bascule Bridge (it lifts to allow ships to pass under it). The Erasmusbridge has the biggest and heaviest bascule bridge in Europe. The bridge was used in events such as 2010 Tour de France, Rotterdam Marathon and The World Port Days. Meuse The Meuse () is a river in Western Europe. The river starts in France, goes through Belgium and the Netherlands. It ends in the North Sea. The Meuse is fed mostly by rainwater. It is the oldest river in the world. History. From 1301, the Meuse in the Netherlands was the western border of the Holy Roman Empire. In World War II, the Meuse was a goal for the Germans during the Battle of the Bulge. Arad Productions Arad Productions Inc. is a Canadian animation studio and production company. The studio was created by Avi Arad and Ari Arad. Bad Channels Bad Channels is the twelfth studio album by Blue Oyster Cult. The album was released on 1992. Baker Street (song) "Baker Street" is a rock ballad. It was first done by Gerry Rafferty. The song was released in February 1978. It hit #2 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. It stayed at #2 for about six weeks. The arrangement has a saxophone riff done by saxophonist Raphael Ravenscroft. The song was named after Baker Street in London. Westfield, Massachusetts Westfield is a city in Hampden County, in the Pioneer Valley of western Massachusetts, United States. Westfield was first settled in 1660. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 41,094 at the 2010 census. Get Smart (movie) Get Smart is a 2008 American spy-fi action comedy movie directed by Peter Segal and produced by Charles Roven and Andrew Lazar. It stars Steve Carell as Maxwell Smart, Anne Hathaway as Agent 99, Dwayne Johnson as Agent 23, Alan Arkin as the Chief, with Bill Murray, Terence Stamp, and James Caan. It was composed by Trevor Rabin. It was released on June 20, 2008. It was loosely based on the 20th century television show of the same name. The TV show's creators, Mel Brooks and Buck Henry, are named in the credits. Movie reviewer Roger Ebert said moviemakers had selected the right actors for the roles. He said the stunts, chases, and other technical issues were as good as in any James Bond film. He said the writers did a good job mixing jokes into the action sequences. Fernand St. Germain Fernand Joseph St. Germain (January 9, 1928 – August 16, 2014) was an American politician. He served as a U.S. Representative from Rhode Island. He served as a representative from January 3, 1961 through January 3, 1989. St. Germain died on August 16, 2014 at his home in Newport, Rhode Island, aged 86. Newport, Rhode Island Newport is a seaside city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States. It is located south of Providence, and south of Boston. The city is the county seat of Newport County. The population was 24,672 at the 2010 census. The United States Naval Station Newport is located on the western side of the island, home to the Naval Academy Preparatory School. The Breakfast Club The Breakfast Club is a 1985 American coming of age comedy-drama movie. It was written and directed by John Hughes. It is set in a Chicago suburb in 1984. It stars Emilio Estevez, Anthony Michael Hall, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald and Ally Sheedy as high school students. It also stars Paul Gleason as their teacher and John Kapelos as the cleaner of the school. It was released to positive reviews on February 15, 1985. This movie is about five teenagers who met on Saturday. Somehow they deserved being in detention, but this is not that matters. Each of them is a part of a different high school clique. Being stereotypes, they all have some kind of problems with their parents, friends or school teachers. They forgot who they really are, because they hide behind masks. Spending Saturday together, they are starting to know each other better and then they realize that first of all each of them is a person. Unfortunately, other people do not see their personalities, they only see stereotypes. This fact makes them tired of life and entangled in thoughts. Judd Nelson Judd Asher Nelson (born November 28, 1959) is an American actor, screenwriter, and producer. He is best known for his roles as John Bender in "The Breakfast Club", Alec Newbary in "St. Elmo's Fire", Hot Rod and Rodimus Prime in "" and Jack Richmond in "Suddenly Susan". Uncle Buck Uncle Buck is a 1989 American comedy-drama movie. It was directed by John Hughes. It stars John Candy and Amy Madigan, with Jean Louisa Kelly, Gaby Hoffmann, Macaulay Culkin, Jay Underwood, and Laurie Metcalf in supporting roles. It was released on August 16, 1989. Pierre Vassiliu Pierre Vassiliu (23 October 1937 – 17 August 2014) was a French singer and songwriter. He was born in Geneva, Switzerland. His first song, "Qui c'est celui-là" (1973), sold more than 300,000 copies. He once sang with The Beatles in 1964. Vassiliu died in Lyon, France, aged 76. Josh Meyers Joshua Dylan "Josh" Meyers (born January 8, 1976) is an American actor and comedian. He is known for being a cast member of the sketch comedy series "MADtv" and playing Randy Pearson in the eighth and final season of "That '70s Show". He is the younger brother of "Late Night" host Seth Meyers. Meyers is Jewish. Danny Masterson Daniel Peter "Danny" Masterson (born March 13, 1976) is an American former actor and disc jockey. He is known for his role as Steven Hyde in "That '70s Show". On June 17, 2020, Masterson was charged with raping a 23-year-old woman in 2001, a 28-year-old woman in early 2003 and a 23-year-old woman in late 2003. The three counts come after a three-year investigation beginning in 2017. Wilmer Valderrama Wilmer Eduardo Valderrama (born January 30, 1980) is an American actor, singer, dancer, producer and television personality. He was known for his role as Fez in the sitcom "That '70s Show" and for hosting the MTV series "Yo Momma". He also voiced the character of Manny in the children's show "Handy Manny". Simin Behbahani Simin Beh'bahāni () (June 20, 1927 - August 19, 2014) was an Iranian writer and poet. She was Iran's national poet and an icon to Iranian literature. She was called "the lioness of Iran". She was nominated twice for the Nobel Prize in Literature, and "received many literary awards around the world." Behbahani was hospitalized in Tehran on 6 August 2014. She was in a state of coma until her death thirteen days later on 19 August 2014, aged 87. Euromast Euromast is an observation tower in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The tower was built from 1958 to 1960 for the 1960 Floriade. It has been a national monument since 2010. To make the tower more stable, it was build on a block of concrete of . It has an observation platform high, and a restaurant. Originally, at tall, it was the tallest building in Rotterdam. Then it lost that position for a few years. It became the tallest again when the "Space Tower" was built on the top of the building in 1970. The Space tower made the Euromast higher. The Crusher (album) The Crusher was the third full-length album by the Death Metal band Amon Amarth. It was released on May 8 2001 by Metal Blade Records. A deluxe edition was released in 2009, remastered by Jens Bogren. Reviews. About.com gave the album 4 stars, saying that "Amon Amarth are, simply put, one of the best metal bands of this generation." Allmusic also gave the album three and a half stars saying that "listeners who enjoy this kind of metal should certainly check out Amon Amarth, and The Crusher would be a good place to start." Mehdi Tolouti Mehdi Tolouti is boxer from Iran. In the 2012 Summer Olympics, he reached to the semi-finals of International Boxing Association (AIBA) qualifying event. Tolouti had also defeated Jonathan Alonso Flete of Spain in this event. Multiple fruit Multiple fruits arefruits that grow from more than one flower (called an "inflorescence"). Each flower in the inflorescence produces a fruit, and then these join together. There are also many multiple fruits that become dry later. In languages other than English, the meanings of multiple and aggregate fruit are reversed. Examples of multiple fruits: Oriental Longhair The Oriental Longhair is a breed of cat. It is similar to the Oriental Shorthair. It is a member of the Siamese cat family. The Oriental Longhair was first named the British Angora. In 2002, British cat fanciers renamed it. This was so the cat would not be confused with the Turkish Angora. Appearance. Oriental Longhairs have a long body and a long silky coat of fur. Their coat colors can be black, blue, chocolate, lilac, cinnamon, caramel, fawn, red, cream, silver, white, and apricot. They also can have tortoiseshell or tabby patterns. The eyes are almond shaped. The preferred eye color for Oriental Longhairs is green. The white colored cats may have either green or blue eyes, or have two different colored eyes. Behavior. The Oriental Longhairs are active cats that like to play a lot. If there is no one around to play with, they can play with toys by themselves. They enjoy jumping up on furniture and high places. They are intelligent, social and loyal to their owners. They get along well with other cats, especially if they are of the same breed. These cats remain playful even after they are grown. These cats like active people and they get along well with other cats, children and dogs. Tiburones Rojos de Veracruz The Club Deportivo Tiburones Rojos de Veracruz, commonly known as Tiburones Rojos de Veracruz, is a Mexican football club. Their nickname "Tiburones Rojos" means red sharks in English. Querétaro F.C. Querétaro Fútbol Club, also called Gallos Blancos de Querétaro, is a Mexican football club from Querétaro, Mexico. Estudiantes de Altamira Altamira Fútbol Club, or Estudiantes de Altamira (previously known as Estudiantes de Santander) is a Mexican football team from Altamira, Tamaulipas. They play in the Ascenso MX League. Atlas F.C. Club Social y Deportivo Atlas de Guadalajara () is a Mexican football club. The club's home stadium is Estadio Jalisco in Guadalajara. Club Puebla Club Puebla (formerly "Puebla F.C.") is a Mexican football club from Puebla, Mexico, competing in the Liga MX. The team's white home jersey features its iconic blue sash, which crosses the chest diagonally from the right shoulder to the waist (see uniform diagrams, "at right"). Honors. International Friendly Komondor The Komondor is a breed of dog. The Komondors are cord-coated dogs. They come from Hungary. They are livestock guard dogs and should not be confused with herd dogs. They stay with the animals they guard as a member of their flock. Komondors need a job to do or a property to guard. They should not be kept in apartments. They need space, a large garden or a home in the countryside. They are not lap dogs but working dogs. They may think of their family as their herd to take care of. The Komondors are and must be at least high. But they can be much bigger; this is the minimum height. They live 12–14 years; which is a long life for a big dog. Behavior. Komondors are calm, intelligent and independent. They do not always need a human to tell them what to do. This trait can make them more difficult to train. They are loyal and will often follow family members around the house. A Komondor is a large dog. To protect a herd or family is instinctive to this breed. Komondors can be aggressive with people they meet, if they do not learn how to be friendly and social with people and other pets. This ability to be friendly must be taught while they are puppies. Komondors are generally quiet dogs. They do not bark without a good reason. Giving a glaring stare can be a warning to intruders to leave, or the Komondor will attack. Komondor dogs should be trained to listen to owners and caregivers. Otherwise they will just go on doing things their own way. This is because that is what they learned to do for hundreds of years. The Komondors were often left alone to take care of the herd. The Komondors learned to make decisions and not wait for directions to tell them what to do if a wolf or bear was coming. Komondors as pets. The Komondor is usually silent and sleeping during the day. But when the night comes the Komondor starts moving around. The Komondor will walk up and down all over the area he is supposed to guard. The dog will take care of any thief, burglar or bad people who want to make trouble. The Komondor often knows how to tell a friendly person from a burglar. The Komondor just knows and feels if somebody will come with a bad intention. Club Tijuana The Club Tijuana Xoloitzcuintles de Caliente, commonly referred tae as Xolos de Tijuana, or Xolos, is a Mexican football club from Tijuana, Baja California. Deportivo Toluca F.C. Deportivo Toluca Fútbol Club S.A. de C.V. is a Mexican football club. Cyprus cat The Cyprus cat is a breed of cat. These cats are thought to have first come from ancient Egypt or Palestine. They were brought to the island of Cyprus by St. Helen. These are now common domestic cats that live in homes or outside. Many of these cats still live all over Cyprus. But, a large number are now feral. This means they are not tame and they run wild. History. A researcher, J.-D. Vigne and his group, might have discovered the oldest domestic cat, in Cyprus. In 2004, archaeologists working at a Neolithic site in southern Cyprus dug up carefully buried bones of a cat. It had been placed next to human bones and artifacts. "Examination showed that a small pit or grave had been deliberately dug out, and the body of the cat was placed in it, then rapidly covered." The cat skeleton is about 4,000 years older than any known Egyptian drawings or writings. Cyprus cats were probably living in a Byzantine monastery in the fourth century. In legends, it is said that St. Helen brought hundreds of cats to get rid of poisonous snakes that were taking over the monastery. The monastery had two bells. One rang to call the cats for their food. The second one rang to send the cats out to the meadows to hunt snakes. Now, the monastery has very few cats that live there. Behavior. Cyprus cats are strong, athletic and full of energy. They live both in the cool mountains and in hotter areas near the sea coasts. They can adapt to any climate or living space. Eskrima Eskrima is a martial art from the Philippines. It is known for using sticks to fight with, but also uses knives, swords, and hands and feet. Tim Blake Nelson Timothy "Tim" Blake Nelson (born May 11, 1964) is an American director, writer, and actor. He is known for his roles in "O Brother, Where Art Thou?", "Holes", "The Incredible Hulk", and in "Lincoln". Nelson was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He was the son of Ruth (Kaiser) Nelson. He is Jewish. Robert Bruce Smith IV Robert Bruce Smith IV (June 14, 1945 – August 13, 2014) was an American music and history expert and writer. During 2004, Smith published a book, "Madness and the Mississippi Bonds", about the famous Mississippi bond scandal. For several years, he led a walking tour of historic William Faulkner sites during Ripley, Mississippi's annual Faulkner Festival. Smith was born in Tupelo, Mississippi. Smith died in a car accident on August 13, 2014 in Saltillo, Mississippi at the age of 69. Larry Craig Larry Edwin Craig (born July 20, 1945) is an American politician. He is a former Republican politician from the U.S. state of Idaho. He served 18 years in the U.S. Senate (1991–2009), preceded by 10 years in the U.S. House, representing Idaho's first district (1981–91). Trent Lott Chester Trent Lott, Sr. (born October 9, 1941) is an American politician. He is a former United States Senator from Mississippi. He was a member of both the United States House of Representatives and the Senate. He became Senate Majority Leader, then fell from power after praising Strom Thurmond's 1948 segregationist Dixiecrat presidential bid. James Abourezk James George Abourezk (born February 24, 1931) is an American politician. He is a former Democratic United States Representative and United States Senator. He was the first Greek Orthodox Christian of Lebanese-Antiochite descent to serve in the United States Senate. He represented South Dakota in the U.S. Senate from 1973 until 1979. Bernie Sanders Bernard "Bernie" Sanders (born September 8, 1941) is an American politician. He is the Junior United States senator from Vermont. He is an Independent, but often votes with the Democratic Party in the Senate. He became senator on January 3, 2007. He ran for President of the United States in 2016 and in 2020. Sanders was born in Brooklyn, New York City. He graduated from the University of Chicago in 1964. While a student, he was active in organizing protests for civil rights. In 1963, he took part in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, where Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his "I Have a Dream" speech. Sanders was elected mayor of Burlington, Vermont in 1981. He was re-elected three times. In 1991, he became a United States representative for Vermont's at-large congressional district. He was a congressman for 16 years. In 2006, he was elected to the U.S. Senate after he won 64.5% of the vote. In 2012, he was re-elected by winning almost 71% of the vote. In 2018, he was re-elected by winning nearly 68% of the vote. Sanders calls himself a democratic socialist. He thinks that a social democratic government for the United States is a good idea. Sanders is against income inequality and is supporting universal health care, parental leave and LGBT rights. He is against racial inequality and mass surveillance. In January 2015, Sanders became a member of the Senate Budget Committee. Sanders has been seen as the most popular senator in the country by multiple yearly polls. On April 30, 2015, Sanders became a candidate for the Democratic Party's nomination for President in the 2016 United States presidential election. He made the announcement in a speech on the Capitol lawn. His campaign started on May 26 in Burlington. Unlike some of the other presidential candidates, Sanders did not want Super PACS to give him money. People give him money on his website. He won 22 primaries and caucuses in the 2016 Democratic primaries. He won about 45% of pledged delegates to Hillary Clinton's 55%. On July 12, 2016, he formally endorsed Clinton due to DNC policies, but did not end his own presidential campaign. On July 26, 2016, during a roll-call vote at the 2016 Democratic National Convention Sanders lost the nomination to Clinton. After his presidential campaign ended, he started an organization, Our Revolution. Its goal is to "recruit and support candidates for local, state, and national office". He has also announced the upcoming creation of The Sanders Institute, which will spread his political ideas through documentary movies and other media. In February 2017, Sanders began webcasting "The Bernie Sanders Show" on Facebook. On February 19, 2019, Sanders announced a second presidential campaign for the Democratic nomination in the 2020 presidential election. His 2020 campaign had raised over four million in donations from individual donors, the largest than any other presidential candidate in history. In early 2020, Sanders was seen as the front-runner for the nomination after winning the first three primary contests and leading in national polling numbers, but after Joe Biden won most of the Super Tuesday contests in March the primary became more competitive. After failing to win many primary states, Sanders ended his campaign on April 8, 2020, later supporting Biden's campaign for President. Early life. Sanders was born in Brooklyn, New York to Eli Sanders and to Dorothy Glassberg. His father was a Jewish immigrant born in Słopnice, Poland in 1904. His mother was born to Jewish parents in New York City in 1912. He has an older brother, Larry. His grandparents were murdered in the Holocaust. His mother died in 1960 and his father died in 1962. Sanders studied at Brooklyn College. After he graduated from college, Sanders went to the University of Chicago. When he studied in Chicago, Sanders was a leader of the University of Chicago sit-ins in 1962 because of segregation at the university. He graduated from the university in 1964 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science. He said that he was an average student who thought that classrooms were boring and that his community activism was more important. He was one of thousands of students who traveled by bus to Washington, D.C., to be part of the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Later that summer, he was found guilty of resisting arrest during a protest against segregation in Chicago's public schools and was fined $25. Early career. Liberty Union campaigns, 1971–79. Sanders began his political career in 1971 as a member of the Liberty Union Party. He was the Liberty Union candidate for Governor of Vermont in 1972 and 1976. He was also a candidate for senator in 1972 and 1974. In the 1974 Senate election, Sanders lost to Patrick Leahy and to Dick Mallary. In 1979, Sanders resigned from the party. He worked as a writer and director for the American People's Historical Society (APHS). When he worked at APHS, he made a 30-minute documentary about Eugene V. Debs. Mayor of Burlington, 1981–89. After Sanders's failed run for governor, close friend Richard Sugarman wanted him to be a candidate for mayor of Burlington. Sanders won the election in February 1981. He beat the six-term mayor Gordon Paquette by ten votes. He took office on April 6, 1981. As mayor, Sanders wanted to fix Burlington's Lake Champlain. In 1981, Sanders was against Tony Pomerleau. Sanders did not want Pomerleau to change the industrial lake property owned by the Central Vermont Railway. He did not want the waterfront to become expensive condominiums, hotels, and offices. Sanders used the slogan "Burlington is not for sale". He supported a plan that changed the waterfront area into a district with housing, parks, and public space. As of 2016, the lake area has a public beach and bike paths, along with a boathouse, many parks, and a science center. In 1987, U.S. News named Sanders as one of America's best mayors. He was a big critic of President Ronald Reagan and his policies on income inequality. When he was mayor, Sanders helped to fix the city's budget. Sanders left office on April 4, 1989. For a short time, Sanders taught political science at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government in 1989 and at Hamilton College in 1991. United States representative, 1991–2007. In 1988, Republican congressman at the time Jim Jeffords wanted to become senator. This left an open office in Vermont's at-large congressional district. Sanders became a candidate for the seat as an Independent, but he lost the election. In 1990, Sanders became a candidate for the seat again and defeated Peter Plympton Smith by 16%. Sanders became the first independent elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 40 years. Sanders' 1990 victory was called by "The Washington Post" and others as the "First Socialist Elected" to the United States House of Representatives in many years. Sanders continued to win re-elections with many votes. In 1991, Sanders co-founded the Congressional Progressive Caucus. He chaired the grouping of mostly liberal Democrats for the first eight years. In 1993, Sanders voted for a bill supported by the National Rifle Association of America (NRA) to stop lawsuits against gun companies. He was against the Brady Bill. After Ron Dellums left Congress in 1998, Sanders was the only member of Congress who called himself a socialist. Sanders voted against the Iraq Resolutions in 1991 and 2002. He was against the 2003 invasion of Iraq. He voted for the allowed use of military force against terrorists. The authorization looked for good reasons to use military actions after the September 11 attacks. Sanders is against the Patriot Act. As a member of Congress, he voted against the original Patriot Act. Sanders voted for several acts that would block the Patriot Act. United States senator, 2007–present. After Jim Jeffords retired from the Senate in 2006, Sanders became senator when he won the Senate election with 65% of the vote. During the election season, then-Senator Barack Obama supported Sanders and campaigned with him in Vermont. Sanders has been a leading voice on issues such as income inequality, climate change, and campaign finance reform. Sanders continued to be a major critic on mass surveillance policies such as the Patriot Act. On December 10, 2010, Sanders gave a 8½-hour speech against the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010. After the speech, people wanted Sanders to be a candidate for president in the 2012 presidential election. Sanders' filibuster was published in February 2011 by Nation Books as "The Speech: A Historic Filibuster on Corporate Greed and the Decline of Our Middle Class". In 2012, he was re-elected with almost 71% of the vote beating Republican John MacGovern. On January 3, 2013, Sanders became chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs. After his term as chairman ended on January 3, 2015, Sanders became a member of the Senate Budget Committee. Sanders made proposals to raise the minimum wage, stop income inequality, and increase Social Security payments. Sanders is the longest serving Independent member of Congress in American history. In November 2015, Sanders changed parties and became a member of the Democratic Party. On July 26, 2016, however shortly after losing the Democratic presidential nomination, Sanders said he would serve as an Independent in the Senate. Following Donald Trump's victory in the 2016 presidential election, Sanders accepted his victory and promised to work with Trump. On January 4, 2017, while on the Senate floor, Sanders showed a large cutout of a tweet by President-elect Trump from May 2015 where Trump said he was the "first & only potential GOP candidate" who opposed any cuts to Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid, citing it as what Trump appealed to older voters to elect him on. While in Los Angeles on February 19, Sanders called Trump "a pathological liar". He promised the defeat of "Trump and Trumpism and the Republican right-wing ideology." On March 30, two days after President Trump signed an "Energy Independence" executive order, Sanders called Trump's choice to focus on job creation over climate change is "nonsensical, and stupid, and dangerous". Sanders was against the nomination of Neil Gorsuch for the Supreme Court. He outlined his issues with Gorsuch in an April 4, 2017 appearance on the Senate floor. Sanders said he believed Gorsuch would support removing restrictions on campaign finance and would vote to overturn Roe v. Wade. On April 7, 2017, Sanders showed disapproval of President Trump's ordered airstrike from the day before: "If there’s anything we should’ve learned from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, in which the lives of thousands of brave American men and women and hundreds of thousands of Iraqi and Afghan civilians have been lost and trillions of dollars spent, it’s that it’s easier to get into a war than out of one." In May 2017, Sanders endorsed Labour Leader of the Opposition Jeremy Corbyn in the 2017 United Kingdom general election. On June 11, 2017, Sanders was a keynote speaker at the People's Summit in Chicago, Illinois. In his speech, Sanders discussed of a plan that "can enhance and expand issue campaigns and hold all elected officials accountable to popular demands for justice, equality, and freedom". During his speech, he repeatedly criticized the Democratic Party, calling it an "absolute failure" and blaming it for the election of President Donald Trump and Vice President Mike Pence. I’m often asked by the media and others: How did it come about that Donald Trump, the most unpopular presidential candidate in the modern history of our country, won the election? And my answer is—and my answer is that Trump didn’t win the election; the Democratic Party lost the election. Let us—let us be very, very clear: The current model—the current model and the current strategy of the Democratic Party is an absolute failure. This is not—this is not my opinion. This is the facts. You know, we focus a lot on the presidential election, but we also have to understand that Democrats have lost the U.S. House, the U.S. Senate. Republicans now control almost two-thirds of the governors’ chairs throughout the country. And over the last nine years, Democrats have lost almost 1,000 legislative seats in states all across this country. Today—today, in almost half of the states in America, Democratic Party has almost no political presence at all. Now, if that’s not a failure, if that’s not a failed model, I don’t know what a failed model is. On June 12, 2017, United States senators reached an agreement on legislation to add new sanctions on Russia. The bill was opposed only by Sanders and Republican Rand Paul. On June 14, 2017, James T. Hodgkinson, a supporter of Sanders during his presidential campaign, shot and injured four people, including House Majority Whip Steve Scalise of Louisiana. Hours later, Sanders responded on Capitol Hill to news that Hodgkinson was a campaign volunteer for his 2016 presidential run: I am sickened by this despicable act. Let me be as clear as I can be, violence of any kind is unacceptable in our society and I condemn this action in the strongest possible terms. Real change can only come about through nonviolent action, and anything else runs counter to our most deeply held American values. In September 2017, Sanders introduced the United States National Health Care Act which would create a single-payer health care system paid by the United States Government. The plan, also known as "Medicare For All", was supported by former President Barack Obama in September 2018. On October 12, 2017, Sanders was announced as a key speaker for a women's rights convention in Detroit, Michigan. However a week later, Sanders cancelled his appearance at the convention so that he could travel to Puerto Rico and help rescue efforts from the damage of Hurricane Maria. In November 2017, after the Paradise Papers were leaked, Sanders warned of "an international oligarchy" and blamed corrupt billionaires and companies for trying to avoid paying taxes and called it unfair. On January 1, 2018, Sanders sworn-in Bill de Blasio in his second mayoral inauguration as Mayor of New York City. On January 20, 2018, Sanders voted against a congress budget bill which led to the 2018 federal government shutdow, which lasted two days, ending on January 22. On his vote, Sanders said on Twitter: Republicans control the House, Senate and White House. They have to pass an annual budget, not more one-month continuing resolutions. We need a bipartisan solution to the economic crises facing the middle class, to the DACA crisis that Trump created and to disaster relief. Sanders gave an online reply to Trump's January 2018 State of the Union address in which he called Trump "dishonest" and criticized him for creating "a looming immigration crisis" by ending the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program. In March 2018, many students walked-out of their schools as a result of the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in Parkland, Florida demanding for gun-control and safety in schools. Sanders joined the protest outside of the United States Capitol and praised the protesters for "leading the [United States] in the right direction" while criticizing the National Rifle Association. Sanders was named as part of the "Hell-No Caucus" by "Politico" in April 2018, along with Senators Cory Booker, Kirsten Gillibrand, Elizabeth Warren, and Kamala Harris, all of whom voted to reject Trump's nominees for administration jobs, including Jeff Sessions, Kirstjen Nielsen, Rex Tillerson, Betsy DeVos, and Mike Pompeo. On May 9, 2018, Sanders proposed the Workplace Democracy Act, a bill that would grow labor rights by making it easier for workers to join a union and make it harder to break-up unions. It was supported by several Democratic senators, including Elizabeth Warren, Kirsten Gillibrand, Tammy Baldwin and Sherrod Brown. On August 14, 2018, Sanders won the Democratic nomination for Senator with 94% of the primary vote. However, before the primaries, Sanders said he would not accept the Democratic nomination and run as an Independent. In August 2018, Sanders criticized the wealth of Amazon founder Jeff Bezos and how Amazon employees were paid less than the minimum wage and lived under poor conditions while Bezos increased his fortune. In September 2018, Sanders introduced the "Stop BEZOS" bill which would focus on increase work wages for Amazon and Walmart employers and heavily tax Bezos and other higher company officials. In October 2018, Bezos announced that the company would pay all employees in the United States minimum wage with many believing Sanders is the reason why. In October 2018, Sanders introduced a bill to break up big banks such as JPMorgan Chase, Wells Fargo, Goldman Sachs and Bank of America. The bill would allow the federal government to dismantle banks that has a worth of 3% of the American GDP, which is roughly equal to USD $584 billion. In November 2018, Sanders was re-elected to the Senate winning nearly 68% of the vote. In September 2018, "The Guardian" published two op-ed pieces talking about the need of a progressive cooperation to challenge the rising threat of globalism and authoritarianism, one of which Sanders wrote and another by European progressive Yanis Varoufakis. In late October, Varoufakis announced the upcoming launch of Progressives International on November 30 in Vermont alongside Sanders. Former 2018 Brazilian presidential candidate Fernando Haddad joined the movement. In December 2018, Sanders supported a bill with Senators Chris Murphy and Mike Lee to use the 1973 War Powers Resolution to end U.S. support for the Saudi-led military intervention in Yemen. At first, the Senate did not supported it, but after the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi in October 2018 the bill had bipartisan co-sponsors and the Senate passed the bill by a vote of 56–41 on December 13. In March 2019, Sanders, along with seven other members of Congress such as Elizabeth Warren and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, signed a pledge written by veterans and their families to bring a "responsible" end to U.S. military interventions around the globe. On February 5, 2020, Sanders voted to convict President Donald Trump in his impeachment trial. In December 2020, Sanders alongside Republican Senator Josh Hawley of Missouri, pushed for a USD $1,200 check for every unemployed American who were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. When Democrats gained control of the Senate in the 2020 elections, Sanders became Chair of the U.S. Senate Budget Committee on January 20, 2021. He said he would make a COVID-19 relief bill with a $2,000 stimulus checks and raising the minimum wage to $15 an hour his main goal. On February 23, 2021, Sanders became the first senator in the Democratic caucus to not support one of Biden's cabinet picks when he voted against Tom Vilsack's nomination as Agriculture Secretary. Sanders is said to have an influence on the Joe Biden administration. When mentioned that he had become an important voice in Biden's administration, he replied, "As somebody who wrote a book called "Outsider in the House", yes, it is a strange experience to be having that kind of influence that we have now". Their relationship has lasted over 30 years and Sanders has said it is because they both respect and trust each other: "We have had a good relationship. He wants to be a champion of working families, and I admire that and respect that". In April 2022, it was reported that Sanders was interested in running for president again in 2024 if President Joe Biden decides not to run for re-election. Senate Popularity. In August 2011, Public Policy Polling found that 67% of American people supported Sanders. That made him the third most popular senator in the country. In a poll by Fox News in March 2017, found Sanders to be the most popular senator or political figure in the United States with the approval rating of 61%. A Harvard-Harris Poll published every April found Sanders to be the most popular active politician in the country. The same poll, finds Sanders to be the most popular senator in the country. Committee assignments. , Sanders's committee assignments are as follows: 2016 presidential campaign. In an interview with "The Nation" on March 6, 2014, Sanders said that he was "prepared to run for President of the United States" in 2016 but did not officially announce a campaign. On April 28, 2015, Vermont Public Radio said that Sanders would run for president starting on April 30. They reported that he would run for the Democratic presidential nomination against the front-runner Hillary Clinton, who was leading in the poll numbers. His campaign manager is Jeff Weaver. Weaver was also Sanders's senate campaign manager and was his chief of staff. The official announcement came on May 26 in Burlington, Vermont. His campaign was supported by Democratic Socialists of America. Sanders' campaign events have brought many people from around the country. Sanders said he was "Stunned. Stunned. I mean I had to fight my way to get into the room. Standing room only. Minneapolis was literally beyond belief." Months after his campaign started, poll numbers showed Clinton was the most likely to win the Democratic nomination. However, on June 25, 2015, "The New York Times" said that Sanders might win the primaries instead of Clinton. On August 12, 2015, the "Boston Herald" said that Sanders was winning by 44% to Clinton's 37% in New Hampshire among Democratic primary voters. A poll released on August 25, 2015, showed that Sanders was once again winning in New Hampshire with 42% to Clinton's 35%. During his campaign, Sanders was known for his popularity among millennials and young voters. In the 2016 campaign, Sanders won more votes among those under age 30 than both Trump and Clinton combined. It shows more than 2 million young people cast ballots for Sanders before the primaries in June. His popularity led to the creation a Facebook political meme page Bernie Sanders' Dank Meme Stash which has gained popularity among his supporters and the internet. A poll released in September 2015 showed that Sanders was leading Clinton in Iowa with 41% to Clinton's 40%. In October 2015, polling showed Sanders and Clinton were tied in polls in both New Hampshire and Iowa. In November 2015, a poll showed Sanders was increasing his numbers in New Hampshire, almost tied with Clinton. On November 19, 2015, Sanders gave a speech at Georgetown University about his views on democratic socialism. In his speech, Sanders talked about how the policies of presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Lyndon B. Johnson were based on democratic socialism. On December 3, 2015, a Quinnipiac University poll found Sanders to be the Democratic candidate more likely to win the presidential election against top Republican candidates such as Donald Trump, Jeb Bush, Marco Rubio, Ted Cruz and Ben Carson. On December 4, 2015, after online voting ended, votes showed that Sanders was in first place to become "Time's" 2015 Person of the Year. He had 10.4% of votes compared to second place holder Malala Yousafzai's 5.3%. On December 7, "Time" announced that Sanders won the reader's poll of the magazine, but he would not be person of the year. On December 9, poll numbers showed that Sanders was leading Clinton in the New Hampshire polls by 50% to 40%. The university also showed Clinton was winning with 61% to Sanders's 30% of the national poll. In January 2016, in weeks leading to the Democratic primaries, Sanders was leading New Hampshire by 50% to Clinton's 46% and in Iowa with 49% to 43%. On January 21, 2016, Sanders' campaign advertisement, America, was shown in Iowa and New Hampshire. Many people liked the ad and the "New York Times" said it was "powerful" and "inspiring". In early February 2016, a national poll showed Sanders and Clinton almost tied with Clinton's 44% to Sanders' 42% in the national poll. A few weeks later, Quinnipiac University, CNN and Fox News poll numbers showed Sanders being the front-runner with 47% to Clinton's 44% of the national poll. After the Nevada caucus, new poll numbers showed Sanders's national lead growing with 42% to Clinton's 36%. A February 2016 Quinnipiac University poll found that Sanders was the most honest candidate in the election. On March 8, 2016, Sanders won the Michigan Democratic primary. Political experts and news networks called it an upset victory. Polls showed Clinton winning by many numbers. On March 11, 2016, a mass protest over a planned Trump rally at the University of Illinois at Chicago caused hundreds to clash and four people were injured. In the aftermath, Trump accused of Sanders and his supporters of creating the protest to purposely cancel the Trump rally. Sanders later called out Trump as a "pathological liar" who leads a "vicious movement", and said that "while I appreciate that we had supporters at Trump's rally in Chicago, our campaign did not organize the protests". In early April 2016, national poll numbers showed Sanders winning by 49% to Clinton's 47%. On April 8, Sanders was asked by Vatican City to talk about the issues of income inequality and the environment. Sanders agreed to the invitation and spoke at the Vatican on April 15. While on his trip, he met with Pope Francis in private. In April 2016, Sanders was added into "Time's 100 Most Influential People" of 2016. His introduction was written by former United States Secretary of Labor and supporter Robert Reich. In May 2016, national poll numbers showed Sanders loosing to Clinton with 45% to Clinton's 50% with 5% people undecided. On May 3, 2016, Sanders pulled another political upset after beating Clinton in the Indiana primaries by six percent. Earlier poll numbers showed Clinton winning in Indiana. On May 10, 2016, Sanders won the West Virginia primaries by 51.4% to Clinton's 35.8%. In 2008, Clinton had won that election by 66.93% to her primary challenger Barack Obama's 25.17%. A NBC/Wall Street Journal poll in May found Clinton and presumptive Republican nominee Donald Trump in a tie, but the same poll found that if Sanders were the Democratic nominee, 53% of voters would support him to 39% for Trump. Clinton and Trump were the least popular likely candidates in the poll's history, while Sanders received a 43% positive with a 36% negative rating. On June 6, 2016, Clinton reached the number of delegates to become the presumptive Democratic Party nominee. Sanders said he will still remain in the race until the Democratic Party convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in July 2016. On July 12, 2016, Sanders announced his support for Clinton at a unity rally in New Hampshire. On July 22, 2016, WikiLeaks revealed that DNC Chairwoman Debbie Wasserman Schultz and other DNC official, mocked and planned to sabotage the Sanders's campaign in favor of Clinton. Sanders said he wanted Schultz to resign. The next day, Schultz announced that she will resign after the Democraitc convention on July 28, 2016. Sanders spoke on the first night of the Democratic Convention on July 25, 2016. In his speech, Sanders told his supporters that he thanked them and to vote for Clinton to defeat Donald Trump in the general election. On July 26, 2016, during a roll-call vote at the 2016 Democratic National Convention Sanders lost the nomination to Clinton. Primaries and caucuses. On February 1, 2016, Sanders lost the Iowa caucus to Clinton by less than 1%. On February 9, Sanders won the New Hampshire caucus by 22%. His victory was one of the largest in years. Sanders became the first democratic socialist and the first non-Christian to win a United States presidential primary for a major party. On February 20, 2016, Sanders lost the Nevada caucus by 5%. On February 27, 2016, Sanders lost the South Carolina primary by almost 48%. On March 1, 2016, "Super Tuesday", Sanders won four states: Vermont, Oklahoma, Colorado and Minnesota. He lost Massachusetts by less than 1%. He lost Alabama, American Samoa, Arkansas, Georgia, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia during the event. On March 5, 2016, "Super Saturday", Sanders won two states: Kansas by 35% and Nebraska by almost 15%. He lost the Louisiana primary by about 48% during the event. On March 6, 2016, Sanders won the Maine caucuses by almost 65%. On March 8, 2016, Sanders lost the Mississippi primaries by 65%. On the same day, Sanders won the Michigan primaries by 2%. On March 12, 2016, Sanders lost the Northern Mariana Islands caucus by 20%. On March 15, 2016, Sanders lost the Florida, North Carolina, Ohio, Illinois, and Missouri primaries. On March 21, 2016, Sanders won the Democrats Abroad primary with 69% to Clinton's 31%. He won 52 out of the 55 international countries of the primaries. He lost Nigeria, Singapore and the Dominican Republic. On March 23, 2016, Sanders won the Idaho primaries and the Utah caucus. He won by more than 50% in each contest compared to Clinton. On the same day, he lost the Arizona primaries by more than 30%. On March 26, 2016, Sanders won the Washington, Alaska and the Hawaii caucuses all by landslide victories. On April 5, 2016, Sanders won the Wisconsin primaries with 57% to Clinton's 43% of the vote. On April 9, 2016, Sanders won the Wyoming caucuses with 56% to Clinton's 44%. On April 19, 2016, Sanders lost the New York primaries with 42% to Clinton's 58%. On April 26, 2016, Sanders lost the Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and Connecticut primaries. On the same day, he won the Rhode Island primaries. On May 3, 2016, Sanders won the Indiana primaries with 53% to Clinton's 47% of the vote. On May 7, 2016, he lost the Guam caucuses with 40% to Clinton's 60% of the vote. On May 10, 2016, Sanders won the West Virginia primaries with 51% to Clinton's 36% of the vote. On May 17, 2016, Sanders lost the Kentucky primaries by less than 1%. On the same day, he won the Oregon primaries with 55% of the vote to Clinton's 46%. On June 4, 2016, Sanders lost the U.S. Virgin Islands caucus in a landslide. On June 5, 2016, Sanders lost the Puerto Rico primaries. On June 7, 2016, Sanders lost the primaries in New Jersey, New Mexico, South Dakota, and California. He won the North Dakota and Montana primaries that day. On June 14, 2016, Sanders lost the Washington, D.C. primaries, the last primary of the election season, with 20% to Clinton's 80%. "Our Revolution" organization. In August 2016, Sanders founded Our Revolution. It is an organization dedicated to educating voters about political issues, getting people involved in the political process, and recruiting and supporting candidates for local, state, and national office. Sanders also plans to establish The Sanders Institute, which will focus on issues he believes the "corporate media" has failed to focus on. The agenda will include "the disappearing middle class, 'massive' income inequality, horrific levels of poverty and problems affecting seniors and children." 2016 general election results. On November 9, 2016, Donald Trump was elected President of the United States defeating Hillary Clinton. On December 19, 2016 during the voting of the electoral college, Sanders got three electoral votes from electors who did not want to vote for Clinton. They were from Hawaii, Minnesota, and Maine. Only the Hawaii elector's vote was counted. The Minnesota and Maine electoral votes were rejected and later went to Clinton. Noam Chomsky said in a May 2017 BBC interview that the Sanders campaign was the most remarkable thing about the 2016 election because of Sanders not accepting money from business people or corporations. Effect of the Sanders campaign on the Democratic party. Many political experts say that Sanders' campaign made both the Clinton campaign and the Democratic party more progressive. After ending his presidential campaign, Sanders' ideas of national single-payer health-care program, his $15-an-hour minimum wage support, free college tuition and many of the other campaign platform issues have been becoming more popular. Some former staffers created the political action committee Brand New Congress which aimed at looking for younger people to run for office. In the 2018 midterms, Sanders supported many progressive candidates. A few of the people he endorsed ended up winning their primaries. For example, in an upset that surprised many people, including the candidate herself, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez beat the incumbent Joseph Crowley for United States Representative in New York City. Benjamin Jealous became the Democratic nominee for Governor of Maryland. Ironworker Randy Bryce and former Chicago mayoral candidate Chuy García ran for United States Representative in Wisconsin and Illinois respectively, and Tallahassee mayor Andrew Gillum won the Democratic party's nomination for Governor of Florida. Despite winning their primaries, only Ocasio-Cortez and García won their respective general elections. 2020 presidential campaign. Background. Sanders had been asked many times if he would run for president again in the 2020 presidential election. Sanders would respond by stating "it is much too early to talk about that", but refused to rule out a possible second presidential campaign. After a poll was made in February 2017, 20% of Democratic voters wanted Sanders to be the party's nominee in the 2020 presidential election, leading Hillary Clinton at 17% and Elizabeth Warren at 15%. In March 2017, at 14%, Sanders was the Democratic voters front-runner for the Democratic nomination in 2020, beating Michelle Obama at 11%. In September 2017, at a polling of 28%, Sanders remained the lead candidate for the Democratic Party nominee in the 2020 election beating Warren, former Vice President Joe Biden and Senator from California Kamala Harris. In most of the 2018 polls, Sanders leading the nomination in second place, behind former Vice President Biden. During the 2019 debate season, Sanders, Elizabeth Warren and Biden are seen as the top candidates in the primaries. His second campaign has been supported by Senator Patrick Leahy, Representatives Ro Khanna, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ilhan Omar, Mark Pocan, Pramila Jayapal, Mark Takano, Chuy García, and Peter Welch, former Senators Mike Gravel and Donald Riegle, former Representative and DNC Vice Chair Keith Ellison, former Representatives Luis Gutiérrez and Alan Grayson, New York City Mayor and former 2020 presidential candidate Bill de Blasio, San Juan Mayor Carmen Yulín Cruz, former San Francisco councilwoman Jane Kim, former Bolivian President Evo Morales, former Ecuadorian President Rafael Correa, former Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega, U.K. MPs Diane Abbott, Rebecca Long-Bailey and John McDonnell, German politician Bernd Riexinger, whistleblower Edward Snowden, political activists Cornel West and Jesse Jackson, directors Jim Jarmusch Adam McKay, and Werner Herzog, actors James Cromwell, Jack Nicholson, David Cross, Danny DeVito, Danny Glover, Mark Ruffalo, Jane Fonda, and Susan Sarandon, radio personality Howard Stern, rap artists Cardi B and Killer Mike, singers Ariana Grande and Miley Cyrus, model Emily Ratajkowski, and by the political groups Democratic Socialists of America, and Our Revolution. Announcement. In January 2018, Sanders created a team of political experts to see if it would be a good idea to run again in the 2020 presidential election. In May 2018, former campaign manager Jeff Weaver said Sanders is "actively considering" a second presidential bid. In August 2018, Sanders announced on "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert" that he is not ruling out another run for the presidency in 2020. In January 2019, it was reported that it is certain Sanders would enter the 2020 primary race following his lead in the contested race and an announcement would be immediate. On February 15, 2019, it was reported that Sanders recorded his presidential announcement video for a 2020 bid. He announced his second presidential bid on February 19, 2019. Pre-primary campaign trail. On March 2, 2019, Sanders held his first presidential rally in Brooklyn College in New York City. The next day, Sanders held a second rally at Navy Pier in Chicago. About 13,000 people went to the Brooklyn rally and 12,500 went to the Chicago rally. On March 5, 2019, Sanders signed a formal statement, called a "loyalty pledge", saying that he is a member of the Democratic Party and will serve as a Democrat if elected. The day before, he had signed paperwork to run as an independent for re-election to his Senate seat in 2024. Later that month, national polling had Sanders and former Vice President Joe Biden tied for the Democratic primaries. In January 2020, national polling showed Sanders in second place with 16% behind Biden's 28%, a three point gain for Sanders since last polling. Debates and forums. On April 6, 2019, Sanders was part of a Fox News town hall that had more than 2.55 million viewers. Sanders's appearance on Fox News saw an increase of Fox News viewers by 24% overall and 40% in the 25-to-54-year-old demographic. During the first four Democratic primary debates, Sanders appeared near the center stage, as one of the highest polling candidates. During the July and September debates, Sanders and Elizabeth Warren were described by commentators as having a "non-aggression pact", talking about progressive positions which were different than positions from the other candidates. Donations raised. Within three-and-a-half hours after his announcement, Sanders had raised over $1 million from small donations from all 50 states, breaking the record held by Senator Kamala Harris after her presidential announcement. Within 12 hours, Sanders had raised over $4 million from 150,000 donors, and in the first 24 hours following his announcement, Sanders raised $5.9 million from 225,000 small donations, with the average donation being $27. In November 2019, Sanders said his campaign had over four million donations from individual donors, the largest than any other presidential candidate in American history. In January 2020, Sanders raised over $34.5 million during the fourth quarter of 2019, the largest of any 2020 Democratic presidential campaign. Polling. In April 2019, a national poll had Sanders leading Biden 29% to 24% among Democratic voters for the primaries. Sanders polled between 15-20% on most national surveys between May and September of 2019. In September 2019, Warren and Sanders remained in a virtual tie for second place. Some surveys showed Warren ahead of Sanders, while others showed Sanders ahead of Warren. National surveys of a potential general election matchup with Donald Trump showed Sanders leading by an average of 6.5% as of September of 2019, compared to a 11.7% lead for Biden and a 5% lead for Warren. The average of polls in New Hampshire in August and September of 2019 showed a virtual tie between Sanders, Warren, and Biden. After constantly being behind Warren and Biden in the polls, in November 2019 Sanders saw a rise in polls beating Warren for the second place spot behind Biden. In January 2020, an Iowa poll found Sanders tied for first place behind Biden and Pete Buttigieg with 23%. The same poll found Sanders in first place in New Hampshire with 27% and Biden in second with 25%. A few weeks later, Sanders was leading in a nationwide poll with 27% against Biden's 24%. On February 10, 2020 following the Iowa caucuses, a national poll had Sanders leading the race with 25% while Biden fell to 17%. A few weeks later on February 27, a new Fox News national poll showed Sanders at 31% with Biden at 18%. After Super Tuesday in March, Biden began to expand his lead over Sanders. Primaries and caucuses. On February 3, 2020, the Iowa caucuses were held, however, due to an issue with apps used to count the votes and spread the delegate votes, the results were announced the following day. The next day, 71% of the votes were released showing Pete Buttigieg leading Sanders by less than 2%. On February 10, Sanders and Buttigieg asked for a recount. The overall results, Sanders won the popular vote winning 45,842 (26.5%) while Buttigieg won 26.2% of the state delegates equivalents to Sanders' 26.1%. On February 27, Buttigieg was declared the winner of the Iowa caucus despite Sanders winning the popular vote. On February 11, 2020, Sanders won the New Hampshire primary winning almost 26% of the vote compared to Buttigieg's 24%. On February 23, Sanders won the Nevada caucus in a landslide victory winning 40% of the popular vote and 47% of the county convention delegates. Following the race, Sanders became the Democratic front-runner leading with 34 delegates and nearly 26% of the popular vote. He also became the first presidential candidate, Democrat or Republican, to win the popular vote in the first three primary states in a row. In February 29, Sanders lost the South Carolina primary winning nearly 20% of the vote to Biden's 48%. During Super Tuesday on March 3, 2020, Sanders won the California, Utah, Colorado and Vermont contests. He lost American Samoa to Michael Bloomberg and Alabama, Arkansas, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia to Joe Biden. On March 11, Sanders won the North Dakota caucus, but lost the Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Washington, and Idaho primaries to Biden. On March 14, Sanders won the Northern Mariana Islands caucus. On March 18, Sanders lost the Arizona, Illinois and Florida primaries. On March 23, Sanders won the Democrats Abroad primary winning 58% of the vote compared to Biden's 23%. Sanders lost the Alaska primary on April 11, 2020 after winning 44.7% of the vote to Biden's 55.3%. Two days later, Sanders lost the Wisconsin primary to Biden with a 63.8% to 30.9% margin. Ending the campaign. On April 8, 2020 one day after the Wisconsin primary, Sanders ended his campaign. He had not beaten Biden in many primary contests after Super Tuesday. Sanders said that he would stay on the ballot in the remaining states and continue to keep delegates because he wanted to add progressive ideas to the Democratic Party and to Biden's campaign. On April 13, Sanders said voters should vote for Biden for President. In a May 2020 interview, Sanders said that he might run for a third time in 2024 but that it was unlikely. Sanders spoke on the first day of the 2020 Democratic National Convention on August 17, 2020. After Biden won the election, may have joined the cabinet as United States Secretary of Labor in the Biden administration. Sanders said that he would accept the position if Biden offered it to him. He asked Senate allies and labor unions to support him as a possible Labor secretary. In January 2021, Biden picked Mayor of Boston, Marty Walsh, to be Labor Secretary. Biden said he thought about picking Sanders but did not want to risk the Democratic majority in the next Senate. Personal life. Sanders married Deborah Shiling in 1964. The couple divorced two years later in 1966. He met his second wife, Jane O'Meara, when Sanders became mayor of Burlington, Vermont in 1981. They were married in 1988. Sanders has a son, Levi Sanders, who was born out of wedlock with his domestic partner Susan Campbell Mott. Sanders and Mott were partners only one year before splitting in 1969. Sanders has three step-children from O'Meara: Dave, Carina and Heather Driscoll. He thinks of them as his own children. His brother, Larry, was a Green Party County Councillor representing East Oxford in England until his retirement in 2013. Sanders says he is "proud to be Jewish" but is not very religious. He likes Pope Francis. Sanders says he feels "very close to the teachings of Pope Francis,". He calls the pope "incredibly smart and brave". In 2016 and 2017, Sanders had earnings of just over $1 million, mostly royalties for his published books. He and his wife own two houses in Capitol Hill and in Burlington, and a lakefront summer home in North Hero. Sanders received an Honorary degree from Brooklyn College on May 30, 2017. In 2018 a species of Theridiidae spiders, "Spintharus berniesandersi", was named after him. Sanders had a small role in the 1988 movie "Sweet Hearts Dance". He played a man who gave candy to kids. In 1999, he had another small role in the low-budget movie "My X-Girlfriend's Wedding Reception". He played the role of Rabbi Many Shevitz. On February 6, 2016, Sanders was a guest-star on "Saturday Night Live". He played a Polish immigrant on a steamboat that was sinking near the Statue of Liberty. Memoirs. In 1987, when Sanders was mayor, he recorded an album called "We Shall Overcome". In 1997, Huck Gutman and Sanders wrote a political memoir called "Outsider in the White House". It was published again in 2015 during Sanders' presidential campaign. Sanders wrote a memoir titled, "", which was released on November 15, 2016. In November 2017, Sanders and Mark Ruffalo were nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for their narration of the memoir. In August 2017, Sanders published another political book titled "Bernie Sanders Guide to Political Revolution" which is aimed to help teenagers to get involve in the political scene. In November 2018, he published another book titled "Where We Go From Here", talking about how the aftermath of his 2016 campaign created a progressive movement and what Americans need to do to stand against the Trump presidency. Health. On November 30, 2015, Sanders had a hernia surgery at the George Washington University Hospital in Washington, D.C.. He made a full recovery later that week. In December 2016, Sanders had skin cancer removed from his cheek. He made a full recovery the next day. Sanders had chest pains at a campaign event in Las Vegas on October 1, 2019 and was soon hospitalized. He had surgery because his arteries were blocked. He had two stents planted and recovered from the surgery. Sanders left the hospital on October 4 and his doctors said that Sanders actually had a heart attack. A few days after returning home, Sanders said that he had been having fatigue and chest discomfort for a month or two before the incident and regretted not going to the hospital beforehand. Sanders participated in the October 15 Democratic debate in Ohio on CNN. Bank Fraud investigation. In June 2017, the FBI launched an investigation into Sander's wife Jane's involvement in a bank loan for Burlington College of which she was president. This was after Brady Toensing, Donald Trump's campaign chairman in Vermont, accused Sanders of bank fraud. Both CBS and Politico reported that Bernie Sanders was also under investigation, however that was not true. Both Sanders and his wife have hired well known defense lawyers to represent them. Internet popularity. Sanders and his two presidential campaigns have become popular on the internet and have been made into Internet memes. During the 2020 primary season, a screenshot from a fundraising video where Sanders tells the viewers "I am once again asking for your financial support" became a popular meme. In March 2020, a video of the Twitch streamer Neekolul wearing a Bernie 2020 shirt lip singing "Oki Doki Boomer" also went viral. In 2021, a picture of Sanders from the inauguration of Joe Biden showing him sitting in a chair wearing mittens and a jacket from the "I am once again asking" meme went viral. Political views. Sanders is a democratic socialist. He supports the Nordic model of social democracy. He thinks a workplace democracy is a good idea. He focuses on income, banning assault weapons, raising taxes on the wealthy, raising the minimum wage, federal background checks for guns, universal healthcare, lowering student debt, making tuition free at public colleges and universities, and expanding Social Security benefits. Sanders is a supporter of paternity leave, sick leave, and vacation time. He also supports rules that would make it easier for workers to join or form a union. Sanders knows that global warming is real and he wants to fix it. He is against the Trans-Pacific Partnership. Sanders was against the U.S. invasion of Iraq. He thinks that the government should not engage in mass surveillance of American citizens. He has been against Patriot Act since it was created. Sanders is more liberal on social issues such as supporting same-sex marriage, DACA, citizenship for illegal immigrants and abortion. On November 15, 2015, in response to ISIS' attacks in Paris, Sanders said: "We [have got to] be tough, not stupid," in the war against ISIS. He said that the United States should still welcome Syrian refugees. After Donald Trump's victory in the 2016 presidential elections, Sanders said that the Democratic Party needs a "series of reforms" and "must break loose from its corporate establishment ties and, once again, become a grass-roots party of working people, the elderly and the poor." In September 2017, Sanders called Saudi Arabia "an undemocratic country that has supported terrorism around the world, it has funded terrorism. ... They are not an ally of the United States". In an October 2018 column for "The New York Times", Sanders called on the United States to end its backing of the Saudi intervention in Yemen and said Congress should have authorized it first. In June 2019, Sanders called on Brazilian authorities to release former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva from prison and drop all charges against him after leaked documents showed his arrest was politically motivated. On July 9, 2019, Sanders and Representatives Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Earl Blumenauer proposed legislation that would declare climate change a national and international emergency. In September 2019, Sanders said that family planning and controlling overpopulation in third world countries can help fight climate change. René Casados René Casados Morales (born October 21, 1961) is a Mexican actor. He is best known for his roles in telenovelas. His career began during the 1970s. As of February 2010, he has appeared in nineteen telenovelas (Spanish-language soap operas). He is known for his roles "La madrastra" as Bruno Mendizábal and "Fuego en la sangre" as Father Tadeo. Rafael Inclán Rafael Jiménez Inclán (born February 22, 1941) is a Mexican actor. He stars on movies, telenovelas (Spanish soap operas), and stage works. He was known for his role in "La Red" and on "Mujeres Asesinas". His career began in 1969. Inclán was born in Mérida, Yucatán, México. Mount Airy, North Carolina Mount Airy is a city in Surry County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 10,388. Actor Andy Griffith was born here in 1926. Mount Airy was settled in the 1750s as a stagecoach stop on the road between Winston-Salem, North Carolina and Galax, Virginia. It was named for a nearby plantation. Mount Airy was incorporated in 1885. B. K. S. Iyengar B. K. S. Iyengar, or Bellur Krishnamachar Sundararaja Iyengar (December 14, 1918 - August 20, 2014) was an Indian yoga teacher and writer. He founded the style of yoga known as "Iyengar Yoga". And It Was An Honour By Him To Invent A New Yoga Style After Ages. He was thought to be one of the foremost yoga teachers in the world. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1991, the Padma Bhushan in 2002 and the Padma Vibhushan in 2014. In 2004, Iyengar was named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by "Time Magazine". Iyengar died in Pune, India from a heart attack caused by renal failure, aged 95. Every Yoga Teacher And Student Were Terribbly Sad Due To Him Passing Away Cassandra Peterson Cassandra Peterson (born September 17, 1951) is an American actress. She played Elvira in "Elvira, Mistress of the Dark". She also played the Hostess in the movie "Elvira's Movie Macabre". Peterson was born in Manhattan, Kansas. Catsuit Catsuits are close-fitting one-piece garments that cover the torso and the legs, and often the arms. They are often made with leather, chiffon, latex or spandex materials. The suits usually close with zippers in the front or back. Catsuits were worn as early as the 1940s. They can be worn by males or females. Despite their name, they do not have feline characteristics. Catsuits may also be transparent or completely opaque. Some people consider catsuits to be fetish items. Chiffon Chiffon is a lightweight, plain-woven sheer fabric. The fabric is woven of S and Z twist crepe yarns. The twist in the crepe yarns puckers the fabric in both directions. Chiffon is made from cotton, silk or synthetic fibers. Gowns, lingerie, scarves and other clothing can be made of chiffon. Latex clothing Latex clothing is clothing made out of latex rubber. This clothing includes fetish fashion and BDSM clothing. It can also include raincoats, gloves, leotards and stockings. Latex clothing is often worn very close to the skin. Leotard A leotard is a skin-tight one-piece garment that covers the torso. Leotards are often worn by acrobats, gymnasts, dancers, circus performers and figure skaters. They are worn by both males and females. Leotards can have short sleeves, long sleeves, or no sleeves. Chattanooga (band) Chattanooga was a pop trio consisting of the Mia, Ackie and Clara Kempff sisters from Halmstad in Sweden. They scored chart successes during the early 1980s. They also participated at Melodifestivalen 1982 with the song "Hallå hela pressen". It ended up 4th. In 2004, the trio was conemporary united to rerecord "Hallå hela pressen" together with Nina & Kim. Port of Rio de Janeiro The Port of Rio de Janeiro () is a seaport in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. It is located in a cove on the west shore of Guanabara Bay. The port is managed by Companhia Docas do Rio de Janeiro. As of the 21st century, it is the third busiest port in Brazil. Flags of the Nguyễn dynasty's administrative units Flags of the Nguyễn Dynasty's administrative units were used since about 1868 to 1885, with 2:2 ratio. Ferguson unrest On August 10, 2014, the day after the shooting of Michael Brown, an African-American 18-year-old, protests began in Ferguson, Missouri. These happened for over two weeks. Timeline. On August 10, a day of memorials began peacefully. However, after an evening candlelight vigil, looting started. On August 13, "The Washington Post" reporter Wesley Lowery and "The Huffington Post" reporter Ryan Reilley were arrested. CNN reported on 212 arrests. President Barack Obama said that most of the protestors in Ferguson were peaceful. At a charity event, rapper Nelly led a crowd to join him in chanting "Hands up, don't shoot." On August 19, two miles from Ferguson a 25-year-old African-American man, Kajieme Powell, was shot and killed by two police officers. Six other people have been injured. On August 20, St. Ann Police Lieutenant Ray Albers was suspended for pointing a semi-automatic assault rifle at a peaceful protestor the night before. Police made an "organized protest zone" in Ferguson. August 26 was the #HandsUP Global Day of Action. On August 28 a lawsuit was filed by five people against the Ferguson Police Chief, Thomas Jackson, St Louis County Police Chief, Jon Belmar, officer Justin Cosma and several officers who were not named. A few hundred people held a rally at West Florissant Avenue on August 30. A memorial for Brown was burned. After this happened there were more protests. Seven people were arrested. The memorial was made again. On October 13, Cornel West was arrested at a peaceful protest. Reactions. North Korea called the United States a "human rights graveyard". American Curl The American Curl is a breed of cat. It has unusual ears for a cat. They curl back away from the face and seem to be sideways. This cat is a rare breed, but now lives in the United States, Spain, France, Japan, Russia, and other parts of the world. The American Curl is usually a strong and healthy breed. Both longhaired and shorthaired American Curls have soft, silky coats which lie flat against their bodies. They require little grooming and enjoy spending time with their owners. Appearance. The American Curl is a medium-sized cat (5–10 lbs). It is not completely grown until 2–3 years of age. American Curl kittens are born with straight ears, like any other kittens. The ears begin to curl in about eighty-two days. After four months, their ears will not curl any longer. Then they become hard and feel stiff. A house pet American Curl may have almost straight ears. To qualify for cat shows, ears must curl at an angle between 90 and 180 degrees. More curl is better, but cats will be not allowed to be shown if their ears touch the back of their skulls. History. The breed began in Lakewood, California in a natural birth of kittens, but with a genetic mutation. In June 1981, two stray kittens were found and taken in by the Ruga family. The kittens were both longhaired, one black and the other black and white. The family named the black cat Shulamith. The black and white was named Panda. Several weeks later, Panda went missing. This left Shulamith to be the first female of the American Curl breed. In 1986, an American Curl was judged in a cat show for the first time. In 1992, a longhaired American Curl became a champion in The International Cat Association (TICA). In 1999, the American Curl was the first breed the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) Championship Class allowed in both longhair and shorthair categories. Health. American Curl cats' ears need cleaning often to keep away infections. The ears must also be handled very gently to keep from breaking the cartilage. Boris Dubin Boris Vladimirovich Dubin (; 31 December 1946 – 20 August 2014) was a Russian sociologist and a translator for English, French, Spanish, Latin American and Polish books. Dubin was the head of department of sociopolitical researches at the Levada Center and the assistant to Lev Gudkov, editor-in-chief of the sociological journal Russian Public Opinion Herald published by the Center. He worked at the Russian State University for the Humanities. James Foley (journalist) James Wright Foley (October 18, 1973 – August 19, 2014) was an American photojournalist. He was abducted in northwestern Syria on November 22, 2012, while working for the U.S.-based online news outlet "GlobalPost". He was beheaded by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant at an unknown desert location in August 2014 in revenge for United States airstrikes on the group. His family, President Obama and the United States National Security Council all confirmed that a video of his death was real. Foley's beheading marked the first time ISIS had killed an American citizen. Daniel Pearl Daniel Pearl (October 10, 1963 – February 1, 2002) was an American journalist. He had American and Israeli citizenship. He was born in Princeton, New Jersey and raised in Encino, Los Angeles. He was kidnapped by Pakistani militants and later murdered by al-Qaeda member Khalid Sheikh Mohammed in Pakistan. Pearl was kidnapped while working as the South Asia Bureau Chief of "The Wall Street Journal", based in Mumbai, India. In July 2002, Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh, a British national of Pakistani origin, was sentenced to death by hanging for Pearl's abduction and murder. Rochester, New Hampshire Rochester is a city in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 29,752. The city includes the villages of East Rochester and Gonic. Rochester is home to Skyhaven Airport. Odessa Sathyan Cheeram Veetti Sathyan, popularly known as Odessa Sathyan (10 October 1957 – 19 August 2014) was an Indian documentary filmmaker and social activist. he was known for his works in the naxal movements of the seventies in Kerala and his association with "Odessa Collective". He was a recipient of Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi award, for his musical album, "Balikurup", a documentary on Malayalam poet, A. Ayyappan. Sathyan died on 19 August 2014 from pancreatic cancer at the Kozhikode Medical College in Kerala, India. His body was laid to rest at his home at Narayana Nagar, Kozhikode. Candida Lycett Green Candida Lycett Green (22 September 1942 – 19 August 2014) was a British author. Lycett was born in Dublin. She was the daughter of John Betjeman. She was raised in Berkshire. She married Rupert Lycett Green in 1963. She wrote sixteen books including "English Cottages", "Goodbye London", "The Perfect English House", "Over the Hills and Far Away" and "The Dangerous Edge of Things". Her television documentaries include “The Englishwoman and the Horse” and “The Front Garden”. "Unwrecked England", based on a regular column of the same name she has written for "The Oldie" since 1992, was published in 2009. Lycett Green died at the age of 71 on 19 August 2014 from pancreatic cancer. Mercator projection The Mercator projection is a cylindrical map projection which is widely used in cartography today. It was developed by Gerardus Mercator in 1569. It is not a physical projection, and cannot be constructed using geometric tools. On a small scale, geometric shapes can be moved around the map, without distorting them (this property is known as conformity). As a downside, the scale of the shape and the direction of lines may change when shapes are moved. For example, Africa is actually 15 times larger than Greenland, but on this map projection they look the same size. Today, Mercator projections are mainly used for maps. List of flags of Vietnam The following is a list of flags of Vietnam: James Cama James Cama Sr. (December 8, 1957 – August 15, 2014) was an American martial arts practitioner and teacher. He was known for practicing Wing Chun and the Southern Praying Mantis moves. Cama wrote a single book, covering the Buddha Hand Wing Chun system, which was published on August 14, 2014. Ger van Elk Ger van Elk (Amsterdam, March 9, 1941 - Amsterdam, August 17, 2014) was a Dutch artist. He made sculptures, painted photographs, installations and movies. His work is generally seen as conceptual art and arte povera. Between 1959 and 1988, he lived and worked in Los Angeles, New York City, and Amsterdam. He studied in Groningen in the 1960s. In 1996. he won the J. C. van Lanschot Prize for Sculpture. Levente Lengyel Levente Lengyel (13 June 1933 – 18 August 2014) was a Hungarian chess player. He gained the Grandmaster title in 1964. Lengyel gained the title of International Master in 1962 and became a Grandmaster in 1964. His final published rating from the international chess federation FIDE was 2293, although he had not been active for a number of years. At his peak, he was regarded as a strong grandmaster, competing for his nation at the top level and winning medals. He died in Budapest in 2014. Brian G. Hutton Brian G. Hutton (January 1, 1935 – August 19, 2014) was an American movie director. He was known for his movies in "Where Eagles Dare", "Kelly's Heroes", "The First Deadly Sin", "High Road to China", and "King Creole". Hutton died in Los Angeles, California, aged 75. Samih al-Qasim Samīħ al-Qāsim, , , (born May 11, 1939 - died August 19, 2014) was a Arab-language poet from Israel. His poetry is influenced by two primary periods of his life: before and after the Six-Day War. He joined the Communist Rakah party in 1967, later Hadash - the Front for Democracy and Equality. Al-Qasim has published several volumes and collections of poetry. He worked also as a journalist and was several times in prison because of his political activities. Al-Qasim died aged 75 of cancer. Anton Buslov Anton Sergeevich Buslov (4 November 1983 – 20 August 2014) was a Russian blogger, columnist at The New Times magazine, expert in transportation systems. He was the founder of non-governmental organization "Voronezh Citizens – for trams". He was co-chair and co-founder of trans-regional non-governmental organization "City and transportation". Buslov died from cancer in New York City, USA, aged 30. Rajesultanpur Rajesultanpur is a city and Nagar Panchayat in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It has many government offices. It has a police station. It is connected by NH 233B and NH 233A. Irbid Irbid () is the capital city of the Irbid Governorate. Ain Shams University Ain Shams University (Arabic: جامعة عين شمس) is a university in Cairo, Egypt. It started in 1950. It was called Ibrahim Pasha's University. Its name was changed after the revolution of July 23, 1952. It has eight campuses. The university has more than 180,000 students. God Help the Girl (movie) God Help the Girl is a 2014 British musical drama movie written and directed by Stuart Murdoch. At the Sundance Film Festival it won the World Cinema Dramatic Special Jury Award (Ensemble). Kelly's Heroes Kelly's Heroes is a 1970 American war comedy movie directed by Brian G. Hutton. It was about a group of World War II soldiers who go AWOL to rob a bank behind enemy lines. The movie stars Clint Eastwood, Telly Savalas, Don Rickles, Carroll O'Connor, and Donald Sutherland, with secondary roles played by Harry Dean Stanton, Gavin MacLeod, and Stuart Margolin. It was released on June 23, 1970 and made $5,200,000 at the movies. It had the budget of $4,000,000. Albert Reynolds Albert Reynolds (3 November 1932 – 21 August 2014) was an Irish politician. He was Taoiseach of Ireland two terms in a row. He served from February 1992 to January 1993 and again from January 1993 to December 1994. He was the fifth leader of Fianna Fáil during the same period. In 1995, Reynolds was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. Reynolds died in Dublin, from complications from Alzheimer's disease, aged 81. Matt Heafy Matthew Kiichi Heafy (born January 26, 1986) is a Japanese musician. He is the lead singer and guitarist of the heavy metal band Trivium. He joined the band at the age of twelve. Other Bands. Shortly after Ember to Inferno was released, Heafy wanted to try out post-hardcore music. He created a joke band called "Tomorrow Is Monday". In a 2008 interview with Rock Sound he said the first song was written, recorded and edited in one hour. References. Ann-Christine Bärnsten Margareta "Ann-Christine" Bärnsten, born 10 July 1957, is a Swedish singer and writer. She has written several detective stories. As a singer, she participated at Melodifestivalen 1975 with the song "Ska vi plocka körsbär i min trädgård". The song ended up 5th. Mats Rådberg Mats Rådberg (8 June 1948 in Stockholm – 27 June 2020 in Stockholm) was a Swedish country singer, guitarist, composer and architect. He scored several chart successes in Sweden during the 1970s and 80s. He is well known for working together with the country band Rankarna under the name "Mats Rådberg & Rankarna". He also participated at Melodifestivalen 1977 with the song "Du och jag och sommaren". The song was written by Tomas Ledin, and ended up 10th. Mats Rådberg also acted as a background singer behind Chips at Melodifestivalen 1980. In 1980, he released the album "I'm the Singer, You're the Song" together with Elisabeth Andreasson. In 1983 he scored a hit with the song "Peta in en pinne i brasan", a Swedish-language version of "Put Another Log on the Fire". Rådberg died on 27 June 2020 in Stockholm, aged 72. Blockbuster Blockbuster was an American provider of home video (DVD, VHS), and video game rental services that was founded in 1985 and disestablished in 2013. In 2004, Blockbuster had 84,300 employees and over 8,000 stores. Blockbuster was founded in 1985 by David Cook, a technician. In 1994 it was bought by media giant Viacom and in 1997 John Antioco was named CEO. In 2004, they launched the "Blockbuster By Mail" DVD service to compete with Netflix and In 2007, James Keyes, a 7-Eleven executive, replaced Antioco as CEO. Blockbuster also started "Blockbuster On Demand" as an online-streaming service. Blockbuster filed for bankruptcy on September 23, 2010. On April 6, 2011, the company and its remaining 1,700 stores were bought by the satellite television company Dish Network and Michael Kelly of Dish was named President of Blockbuster. Stores remained open until Dish closed all company-owned locations in 2013. In 2015, Blockbuster replaced "Blockbuster On Demand" with Sling TV, an over-the-top television service. The Blockbuster Fan Page originally tracked the franchise-owned stores, but as of 2019 there is only remaining in operation in Bend, Oregon. Imelda May Imelda Mary Higham (or Imelda May; born 10 July 1974) is an Irish singer-songwriter and musician. She is known mostly as a singer, though plays guitar, bass guitar and tambourine. Her third studio record, "Mayhem", earned her a nomination for Choice Music Prize. Imelda May was born in Dublin, Ireland. Scagliola Scagliola (from the Italian "scaglia", meaning "chips"), is an artificial way of imitating marble and other precious material. It is a decorative building material. Stucco columns, sculptures, and other architectural elements can be made by scagliola. It came into fashion in 17th-century Tuscany. Scagliola is a composite substance made from selenite, glue and natural pigments, imitating marble and other hard stones. The material may be veined with colours and stuck on to a core, or patterns may be carved into a prepared scagliola matrix. The pattern is then then filled with the coloured, plaster-like composite. Then it is polished with flax oil for brightness, and wax for protection. The whole thing gives a richness of colour not easy to get in natural marbles. Telmo Vargas General Telmo Oswaldo Vargas Benalcázar (9 October 1912 – 9 August 2013) was an Ecuadorian politician. He served as President of Ecuador. He was Chief of Staff of Armed Forces of Ecuador. His army overthrew the military of Ramón Castro Jijón on 29 March 1966. Gerry Anderson (broadcaster) Gerald Michael "Gerry" Anderson (28 October 1944 - 21 August 2014) was a Northern Irish radio and television broadcaster. He worked for BBC Northern Ireland. He was known for his unique style and somewhat unusual sense of humor. Anderson often called himself on his show, as "Turkey Neck", "Puppet Chin" or "Golf Mike Alpha". Anderson died in Belfast, Northern Ireland from a long illness, aged 69. Puli The Puli is a small to medium sized dog breed. It was brought to Hungary with the Magyars in the late 9th century. They are used as herding and guard dogs. Female Pulis are about high. Males are . Females weigh . Males weigh a little more. Behavior. The Puli is an intelligent and active dog. It needs obedience training while still young. If a Puli gets enough exercise it can live in the city, even in an apartment. But Pulis do best when not kept as indoor pets in a small living space. Pulis kept indoors need a lot of exercise to use up their energy, or they can became either shy or overactive. They need to get the kind of exercise they were created for. A Puli without enough exercise can became mischievous and cause trouble. The right kind of exercise includes running, biking, hiking, jogging and field work; not just a walk around the corner. Pulis are best kept in a house with a garden. The Puli is happiest when it has work to do. Then this dog will show excellent intelligence, strength and ability to work with humans. This satisfies their strong instinct to guard their herd. As a working dog, the Puli is obedient and focused when doing a task. Some of them are used as police dogs. They are one of the best sheepdogs. Pulis don't need to be taught how to guard the sheep. They naturally protect their territory and flock. Even though they are not big dogs, they will still try to scare away anyone they do not know. If well trained, they understand even the smallest instructions and obey. They are excellent in obedience trials for dogs. These are also dogs who are sensitive (get their feelings hurt easily). Pulis hate being bullied or made fun of. Because they are so intelligent, they understand that they are being mistreated. If not treated well, they lose their desire to cooperate. Pulis are not very friendly with people they do not know. With owners and friends, these dogs are funny, lovely and playful. Pulis bark quite a lot. Fur. The coat of fur on a Puli is corded, like dreadlocks. The puli is a one-colored dog. It is usually black. It can also be white, gray, or cream. All Pulis, even the white ones have black eyes, black noses and black feet. The Puli's coat needs a lot of care to keep its cords clean, neat, and attractive. About 45 minutes of grooming work each week is recommended. When the dog is older the cords can become quite long and heavy. They sometimes are so long that they touch the ground. The cords can be thinner or thicker cords. The thin, nice cords are made by keeping the fur clean and cared for. Thin ropes are made by hand forming thinner ropes. This breed has little to no shedding (see Moult). Robert Hansen Robert Christian Hansen (February 15, 1939 - August 21, 2014), known in the media as the "Butcher Baker", was an American serial killer. Hansen was born in Estherville, Iowa to Edna and Christian Hansen, who was a Danish immigrant. In 1960, he burned down a bus garage. He was convicted of arson and sent to prison. His wife divorced him when he was in prison. He was assessed as having an infantile personality and released in 1962. He married another woman in 1963. The couple and their two children moved to Anchorage, Alaska, in 1967. In 1977, he was convicted of theft and sent to prison. He was diagnosed with bipolar disorder and in 1978 was released. In 1983, he was charged with assault, kidnapping, firearms offences, theft and deception. Between 1971 and 1983, Hansen abducted, raped, tortured and murdered at least 17 and possibly as many as 21 women in and around Anchorage. He was discovered, arrested, and convicted of four murders in 1984. He was sentenced to 461 years plus a life sentence with no possibility of parole. Hansen died at the age of 75, at Alaska Regional Hospital in Anchorage on August 21, 2014 due to an illness. Kaufman Astoria Studios Kaufman Astoria Studios is a movie studio in New York. Sava Stojkov Sava Stojkov (Serbian Cyrillic: Сава Стојков; 29 March 1925 – 20 August 2014) was a Serbian naive art painter. He was known for his environment depictions, as well as for his pre-photorealistic tendencies. Stojkov has exhibited at over 650 group exhibitions and received over 40 awards for his work worldwide. Ten books, monographs and 12 painting maps were published about his art and a large number of documentary movies, radio and television shows were recorded about his works. Stojkov was one of the most popular painters in Serbia and in the region. He painted landscapes and plains of Vojvodina, portraits of its people, and occasionally worked in specific oil-on-glass technique. Stojkov died on 20 August 2014 in Sombor, Serbia, aged 89. American Cocker Spaniel The American Cocker Spaniel is a breed of dog. It is one of many Spaniel breeds. In the United States, the breed is usually called the Cocker Spaniel. In other parts of the world, it is called the American Cocker Spaniel. This is because there is a Cocker Spaniel called English Cocker Spaniel. They are clever, loving and happy dogs. The breed. The breed is the smallest of the sporting or hunting dogs. Also, there are some differences between it and its English relative. It is a happy and intelligent working breed. Because of having been bred to meet show dog qualities, it is no longer an ideal working dog. These Spaniels now have many health problems with their hearts, eyes and ears. The American Cocker has a medium long silky coat of fur. It has an upturned nose, either black or brown. It has long, silky ears that hang down. The eyes are large, dark in color and round. Fur colors can be black, tan, cream, dark red, buff, roan and sometimes merle. Behavior. This dog breed is nicknamed the "Merry Cocker". It is a friendly dog and not shy. It is smart as a hunting dog. IQ tests given in the 1950s and 1960s showed the American Cocker did best of all dogs tested on hunting skills. But, they did not do as well on other skills. These showed they were slower in uncovering a dish of food or pulling on a string. The American Cocker Spaniel is in 20th place in Stanley Coren's "The Intelligence of Dogs". This means this dog is excellent in "Working or Obedience Intelligence" and in being trained. If they are played with and loved as puppies, American Cockers can get along with people, children, other dogs and other pets. This breed has a tail that wags most of the time. It likes best to be around people. It is not meant to be left alone in a backyard. Cockers can get stressed by loud noises and by being treated roughly or fussed at. Because they have now been bred to have a long coat, they can no longer be active enough to hunt or be exercised outside. Casimir Pulaski Count Kazimierz Michał Władysław Wiktor Pułaski of Ślepowron coat of arms (; March 6, 1745 October 11, 1779) was a Polish nobleman, soldier and military commander who has been called "the father of the American cavalry". Pulaski was one of the leading military commanders for the Bar Confederation and fought against Russian domination of the Commonwealth. When this uprising failed, he was driven into exile. Following a recommendation by Benjamin Franklin, Pulaski emigrated to North America to help in the cause of the American Revolutionary War. He distinguished himself throughout the revolution. He most notably when he saved the life of George Washington. Pulaski became a general in the Continental Army. He created the Pulaski Cavalry Legion. He also created the American cavalry. At the Battle of Savannah, while leading a daring charge against British forces, he was gravely wounded, and died shortly thereafter. In 2009, he was honored by becoming an honorary U.S. citizen. Raed al Atar Raed al Atar (1974 – 21 August 2014) was a Palestinian military personal. He was the commander of the Rafah company of the Hamas Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. He was also a member of the Hamas high military council. According to the Congressional Research Service analyst Jim Zanotti, his command was important due to Rafah being the destination point for the smuggling tunnels from Egypt. al Atar was born in Gaza. Al Atar was killed in Rafah, Gaza on 21 August 2014 in a missiles strike by the Israeli army. Amanda Palmer Amanda MacKinnon Gaiman Palmer (born April 30, 1976), sometimes known as Amanda Fucking Palmer, is an American musician. She became famous for being the singer of The Dresden Dolls. In 2008 her first solo album "Who Killed Amanda Palmer" was released by Roadrunner. Her second album "Theatre Is Evil" was released in 2012. Palmer was born in New York City. She grew up in Lexington, Massachusetts. At a Halloween party in 2000, Palmer met drummer Brian Viglione. Afterwards Palmer and Viglione started The Dresden Dolls. Palmer has been married to English writer Neil Gaiman since 2011. Knock Shrine Knock Shrine () is a Roman Catholic pilgrimage site. In 1879, a religious vision was said to have happened in the village of Knock, County Mayo, Ireland. It was seen by fifteen people. The vision was of The Virgin Mary, Saint Joseph, John the Evangelist, angels, and Jesus Christ as the Lamb of God. A church was later built on the site, to worship and remember this event. The vision. On the evening of 21 August 1879, at about 8 o'clock, fifteen people, aged from five years to seventy-five included men, women, teenagers and children, witnessed this event. They all said they saw an apparition of Our Lady, Saint Joseph, and Saint John the Evangelist on the wall of the small parish church. The little church was called the Church of Saint John the Baptist. Description. The Blessed Virgin Mary was said to be beautiful, standing a few feet above the ground. She wore a white dress. She had a crown on her head. The crown was golden, sparkling, and glittering. She was described as "in prayer", with her eyes raised to heaven. Saint Joseph, also wearing a white robe, stood on the Virgin's right hand. Behind the figures, to the left of Saint John was a plain altar. On the altar was a cross and a lamb, with angels around. The lamb is the symbol of Jesus. This symbol is from the religious phrase The Lamb of God) Those who saw the apparition stood in the rain for up to two hours. Evidence. An ecclesiastical inquiry was held to decide if the vision was true and not a mistake or fake. The evidence was found to be trustworthy and not a lie. At a second Commission of inquiry in 1936, the surviving witnesses confirmed the evidence they gave to the first Commission. Every August, ten thousand pilgrims go to visit the Knock Shrine . The original little church is still there. A new Apparition chapel with statues of Our Lady, St Joseph, the lamb and St John the Evangelist, has been built next to it. Knock Basilica is a separate building showing a tapestry of the apparition. Recent history. Mother Teresa of Calcutta visited the Shrine in June 1993. Raphael (archangel) Raphael is an archangel (arch means "highest" or "chief"). He is known in various religions as an angel who does acts of healing. The name "Raphael" means "It is God who heals", "God Heals", "God, Please Heal". Raphael is an angel in the Bible. His feast days (celebration days) are on September 29 and October 24. In religions. Raphael is an archangel in Judaism and Christianity. In Islam, Raphael is the fourth major angel; in Muslim tradition, he is known as Israfil. Raphael is also an angel in Mormonism, as he is briefly mentioned in the Doctrine and Covenants. In the Bible. Raphael is generally associated with the angel mentioned in the Gospel of John as stirring the water at the healing pool of Bethesda. Raphael is spoken about in the Book of Tobit. Raphael was sent by the Lord to heal Tobit of his blindness. He also takes care of Tobit son, Tobias. He walks with Tobias to the village where he meets his future wife, Sarah. Sarah needs to be rescued from a demon who kills everybody who goes near her. This evil demon kills every man she marries on their wedding night. While they walk, Tobias and the Angel catch a fish together. Raphael told Tobias to catch a fish use the gallbladder to heal Tobit's eyes. Raphael also told Tobias how to protect himself from the demon. Tobias made a little fire and was burning the heart and liver of the fish. Tobias was driving away the evil demon with smoke. Angel. Raphael is the angel who can heal. He is the patron saint (taking care of) the young people, shepherds; sick people and travelers. He can cure eye problems and nightmares. He is a special angel of the apothecaries; meaning nurses, pharmacists, physicians and jobs like those. He can also be the guardian angel of happy meetings. Raphael is said to guard pilgrims on their journeys, and is often shown holding a staff. He is also often shown holding or standing on a fish. The fish is a symbol of his healing of Tobias's father Tobit with the fish's gall. Jean Redpath Jean Redpath (28 April 1937 – 21 August 2014) was a Scottish folk singer-songwriter, educator and musician. She released over 23 albums between 1962 and 1995. She was worked with American folk legend such as Bob Dylan and Ramblin' Jack Elliott. Her last album was "The Moon's Silver Cradle". Redpath was born in Edinburgh and raised in Leven, Fife. As a young adult, she moved to the United States to begin a music career. She was given an MBE in 1987. Redpath died from cancer on 21 August 2014 at a hospital in Arizona. She was 77. Steven Sotloff Steven Joel Sotloff (May 11, 1983 – September 2, 2014) was an American journalist. He is best known for his work for "Time". He also worked for "The National Interest", "Media Line", and "Foreign Policy". He has appeared on CNN and Fox News. He has traveled to Syria, Egypt, Turkey, Libya, and Bahrain. Sotloff was born and raised in Miami, Florida. His father is Arthur Sotloff. His mother is Shirley Pulwer. He studied at universities in Florida and New Hampshire. Kidnapping. On August 4, 2013, Sotloff was kidnapped in Aleppo, Syria near the Turkey border. He is currently being held captive by ISIS Islamic militants in eastern Syria. On August 19, 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant released a video titled "A Message to America", showing the beheading of fellow journalist James Foley. At the end of the video, ISIS threatened U.S. president Barack Obama, telling him that "his next move" will decide the fate of Sotloff. However, only days after this threat was released, the U.S. stepped up airstrikes against ISIS. The U.S. fired 14 missiles at various ISIS Humvees near the Mosul Dam. Beheading. On September 2, 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant released a video of the beheading of a man they identified as Sotloff. Prime number theorem The prime number theorem is a theorem from number theory. Prime numbers are not distributed evenly across the number range. The theorem formalizes the idea that the probability of hitting a prime number between 1 and a given number becomes smaller, as numbers grow. This probability is about n/ln(n), where ln(n) is the natural logarithm function. This means that the probability of hitting a prime number with 2n digits is about half as likely than with n digits. For example, among the positive integers of at most 1000 digits, about one in 2300 is prime (ln 101000 ≈ 2302.6), whereas among positive integers of at most 2000 digits, about one in 4600 is prime (ln 102000 ≈ 4605.2). In other words, the average gap between consecutive prime numbers among the first "N" integers is roughly ln("N"). Fifteen-year old Carl Friedrich Gauss suspected that there was a link between prime numbers and logarithms in 1793. Adrien-Marie Legendre also suspected such a link in 1798. Jacques Hadamard and Charles-Jean de La Vallée Poussin proved the prime number theorem in 1896, over a century after Gauss. Azerbaijani rock Azerbaijani rock is a type of rock music sung by Azerbaijani people. In the Soviet era, rock music was forbidden because the Communist Party of the Soviet Union believed it was a "Western anti-socialist" influence. However, in the 1980s popular rock bands in Azerbaijan began to emerge. The Azerbaijanis blended folk music with their rock music. After Bolshevism, progressive rock music began to be popular among Azerbaijani people. Since 2004, the Azerbaijan Music Awards honors musicians who record rock music. 2014–15 Premier League The 2014–15 Premier League is the 23rd season of the Premier League. It is the top English professional league for association football clubs since it started in 1992. The fixtures were announced on 18 June 2014. The season started on Saturday 16 August 2014 and will end on Sunday 24 May 2015. Teams. A total of 20 teams will play in the league. The top 17 sides from the 2013–14 season and the three promoted from the 2013–14 Football League Championship. On 5 April 2014, Leicester City earned promotion from the 2013–14 Football League Championship after ten-years away from the Premier League. They became champions after beating Bolton Wanderers on 22 April 2014. On 21 April 2014, Burnley earned promotion to the Premier League with second place. This followed their win over Wigan Athletic. On 24 May 2014 Queens Park Rangers were the final team to be promoted after winning the 2014 Football League Championship play-off Final. They won 1–0 against Derby County at Wembley Stadium in London. The three teams replace Cardiff City, Fulham and Norwich City, who were all relegated to the Championship at the end of the previous season. Season statistics. Scoring. Hat-tricks. 4 Liz Holzman Elizabeth E. "Liz" Holzman (February 9, 1953 – August 11, 2014) was an American movie and television director, producer, animator and writer. She was best known for her work on the animated television shows "Animaniacs" and "Pinky and the Brain". She won three Emmy Awards during the 1990s. Holzman was born in San Francisco, California. She studied at Mills College and at the California Institute of the Arts. There she earned her MFA in movie graphics. She was also the Animation Department Chair at the Art Institute of Portland. Holzman died from breast cancer on August 11, 2014 in Portland, Oregon. She was 61. Cat o' nine tails The cat o' nine tails is a multi-tailed whip. It is sometimes called just the cat. It was first used to give severe physical punishment. It was used in the Royal Navy and British Army. The cat o' nine tails is sometimes used in BDSM or sexual fetish activity. Maria Altmann Maria Altmann (February 18, 1916 – February 7, 2011) was a Jewish refugee from Nazi Austria to the United States. She was an art collector. Altmann's family owned five paintings painted by Gustav Klimt. They were stolen by Nazis during World War II. She was successful in getting back those five paintings, which included two portraits of her aunt, Adele Bloch-Bauer. Altmann was born in Vienna, Austria. She died at age 94. The movie "Woman in Gold" is based on Altmann's life. Contour line Contour lines or isolines are used when plotting a function. All the points where the function has the same value are connected. Two well-known examples, where such lines are commonly are height lines on topographical maps, and showing areas with the same pressure or temperature on weather charts. Contour lines are an application of level sets. Loleatta Holloway Loleatta Holloway (November 5, 1946 – March 21, 2011) was an American singer. She was known mainly for disco songs, such as "Hit and Run" and "Love Sensation". Holloway was born in Chicago, Illinois. She died there from heart failure. War on Drugs The War on Drugs is what people call a government program in the United States. The program was, officially, to end drug use. It started in the early 1970s and the Reagan Administration gave it a lot of attention in the 1980s. The War on Drugs continued into the 1990s and 2000s. Presidents Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush supported it. The War on Drugs led to the capture of many drug dealers and ended many drug dealers in the United States. The Drug Policy Alliance said that the United States had spent $51 billion every year on the War on Drugs. The War on Drugs also lead to the creation of the saying "Just Say No" which was created by Ronald Reagan's wife and First Lady Nancy Reagan. It was created to prevent teenagers doing drugs. Level set A level set of a function is the set of all the points where the function has a given value. This is a special application of a scalar field. Cecil D. Andrus Cecil Dale Andrus (August 25, 1931 – August 24, 2017) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was Governor of Idaho for 14 years. He was governor from 1971 to 1977 and again from 1987 to 1995. He was U.S. Secretary of the Interior from 1977 to 1981, during the Carter administration. Andrus died on August 24, 2017 in Boise, from complications of lung cancer. Sésamo Plaza Sésamo is the Mexican version of the "Sesame Street" television show. It was first shown in Venezuela in 1972. U. R. Ananthamurthy Udupi Rajagopalacharya Ananthamurthy (; 21 December 1932 - 22 August 2014) was an Indian writer and critic. He wrote in the Kannada language. He was thought to be as one of the pioneers of the Navya movement. In 1998, he received the Padma Bhushan award from the Government of India. He was the Vice-Chancellor of Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala during the late 1980s. He was one of the finalists of Man Booker International Prize for the year 2013. Ananthamurthy died of cardiac arrest caused by renal failure on 22 August 2014 in Bangalore, Karnataka, India, aged 81. Commode A commode is a special piece of furniture. The word comes form the French word and means "convenient". The commode developed from the chest. Commodes have drawers, so handling them is more convenient than handling a chest. Commodes have been in common usage since the 18th century. Big Bag Big Bag is a muppet and segment comedy television show from Jim Henson and Sesame Workshop It aired on the Cartoon Network between 1996-1998. Season 1 was released in 1996-1997 and season 2 was released in 1997-1998. Trading Spouses Trading Spouses: Meet Your New Mommy is a television show that aired in 2004-2007. Season 1 was released in 2004-2005, season 2 was released in 2005-2006, and season 3 was released in 2006-2007. Marguerite "God Warrior" Perrin (mother of Ashley Perrin and wife of Barry Perrin) (where she appeared in The Tyra Banks Show in 2006) (born 1961) appeared in this show. Shake It Off (Taylor Swift song) "Shake It Off" is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It is the first single from her fifth studio album, "1989". It premiered during a Yahoo! live stream on August 18, 2014. The song's music video was released was also released on the same day. The music video helped the song to debut at number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100. It was ranked number 13 in the year-end Hot 100 of 2014. Pedicure The pedicure is a way to improve the appearance of feet and nails. The word "pedicure" refers to superficial cosmetic treatment of the feet and toenails. Pedicures can help prevent nail disorders and nail problems. They are very popular, especially among women. Pedicures are not only limited to the nails. Usually, dead skin cells on the bottoms of feet are rubbed off with pumice stones. People have been pedicuring nails for over four thousand years. Bruce Boxleitner Bruce William Boxleitner (born May 12, 1950) is an American actor and science fiction and suspense writer. He is known for his leading roles in the television series "How the West Was Won", "Bring 'Em Back Alive", "Scarecrow and Mrs. King" (with Kate Jackson), and "Babylon 5". He is also known for his dual role as the characters Alan Bradley and Tron in the 1982 Walt Disney Pictures movie "Tron", a role which he reprised in the 2010 sequel, ' and the animated series '. Deborah Sussman Deborah Evelyn Sussman (May 26, 1931 – August 20, 2014) was an American artist and designer. She was a discoverer in the field of environmental graphic design. Her work put graphic design into architectural and public spaces. She worked on many projects, most notably the architectural landscape of the 1984 Summer Olympics. She was awarded an AIGA medal in 2004. Sussman was born in Brooklyn borough of New York City, New York. Her father was a skilled commercial artist. Sussman died from breast cancer on August 20, 2014 in Los Angeles, California. She was 83. Roscoe Arbuckle Roscoe Conkling "Fatty" Arbuckle (March 24, 1887 – June 29, 1933) was an American silent movie actor, comedian, director, and screenwriter. He helped Charlie Chaplin become an actor. He discovered Buster Keaton and Bob Hope. Arbuckle was one of the most popular silent stars of the 1910s. He soon became one of the highest paid actors in Hollywood. He once signed a contract in 1921 with Paramount Pictures for US$1 million. Arbuckle was accused of three counts of rape and for murdering actress Virginia Rappe. Arbuckle was later found not guilty and the jury gave Arbuckle a formal apology. Arbuckle died in his sleep of a heart attack in 1933 at age 46. Tom Snyder Thomas James "Tom" Snyder (May 12, 1936 – July 29, 2007) was an American television personality, news anchor, and radio personality. He was best known for his late night talk shows "The Tomorrow Show" and "The Late Late Show". Snyder was also an anchor of the primetime "NBC News Update". Snyder died of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in San Francisco, California, aged 71. James Freeman Gilbert J. Freeman Gilbert (August 9, 1931 – August 15, 2014) was an American geophysicist. He was best known for his work with George E. Backus on inverting geophysical data and also for his role in establishing an international network of long-period seismometers. Early life. Gilbert was born in Vincennes, Indiana. He studied at the University of California, Los Angeles. Awards. Gilbert received many honors, including the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1981; the William Bowie Medal in 1999; and the Medal of the Seismological Society of America in 2004. Later years and death. In his later years, Gilbert travelled throughout the world with his wife, Sally Gilbert. He died after being injured in a car accident in Southern Oregon on August 15, 2014. He was 83 years old. Harry Fielding Reid Harry Fielding Reid (May 18, 1859 – June 18, 1944) was an American geophysicist. He was known for his works to seismology, mostly in his theory of elastic rebound that was about faults to earthquakes. Jason Momoa Joseph Jason Namakaeha Momoa (born August 1, 1979) is an American actor, model, director, writer and producer. He played Ronon Dex in the television series "" and as Khal Drogo in the Home Box Office television series "Game of Thrones". His father is of Native Hawaiian descent, and his mother is of German, Irish and Native American descent. He also starred in the movie "Conan the Barbarian". In 2014, he directed his first movie "Road to Paloma". Momoa played Aquaman, one of the superheroes in "", "Justice League" and the 2018 movie of the same name. Hillsboro, Texas Hillsboro is a city in and the county seat of Hill County in Central Texas. The population was 8,456 at the 2010 census. Gordon Faber Gordon C. Faber (April 2, 1931 – August 18, 2014) was an American politician and businessman from the U.S. state of Oregon. He was born in Greensburg, Pennsylvania, he grew up in Hillsboro, Oregon. He joined the U.S. Air Force during the Korean War and was a small business owner before becoming a real estate agent and entering politics. He served on Hillsboro's budget committee and city council before serving two terms as mayor from 1993 to 2001. Faber died on August 18, 2014, at home in Hillsboro, Oregon at the age of 83 due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Neil Goldschmidt Neil Edward Goldschmidt (born June 16, 1940) is an American politician and businessman. He served as Governor of Oregon January 1987 through January 1991. Goldschmidt also served as United States Secretary of Transportation under President Jimmy Carter from August 1979 through January 1981. He also served as Mayor of Portland, Oregon from January 1973 through January 1979. He was a member of Democratic Party. Goldschmidt was born in Eugene, Oregon. James H. Burnley IV James Horace Burnley IV (born July 30, 1948) is an American politician and lawyer. He served as the United States Secretary of Transportation from 1987 until 1989. He served during the administration of President Ronald Reagan. Rodney E. Slater Rodney Earl Slater (born February 23, 1955) is an American politician. He was the United States Secretary of Transportation under U.S. President Bill Clinton. He is a member of the Democratic Party Slater was born in Marianna, Arkansas. Slater graduated from Eastern Michigan University in 1977, and received his Juris Doctor degree from the University of Arkansas School of Law in 1980. After Clinton was elected president, 1993 Slater became the first African-American Director of the Federal Highway Administration. In 1997, Slater was appointed to be the Secretary of Transportation. He was the second African American to hold that post. Ray LaHood Raymond H. "Ray" LaHood (born December 6, 1945) is an American politician. He served as United States Secretary of Transportation from 2009 until 2013. He is a member of the Republican Party. LaHood represented Illinois's 18th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1995 to 2009. The Game "The Game" is a song by DragonForce. It is the second single and first track from the studio album Maximum Overload. The song has a music video released on June 18 2014 on YouTube. The song featured Matt Heafy. John Sherman Cooper John Sherman Cooper (August 23, 1901 – February 21, 1991) was an American politician, jurist, and diplomat from the U.S. state of Kentucky. He served three non-consecutive terms in the United States Senate before being elected to two full terms in 1960 and 1966. He also served as U.S. Ambassador to India from 1955 to 1956 and U.S. Ambassador to East Germany from 1974 to 1976. He was the first Republican to be popularly elected to more than one term as a senator from Kentucky and, in both 1960 and 1966. He set records for the largest victory margin for a Kentucky senatorial candidate from either party. Tom Poston Thomas Gordon "Tom" Poston (October 17, 1921 – April 30, 2007) was an American television and movie actor. His career began during the 1950s. According to USA Today Life editor Dennis Moore, Poston appeared in more sitcoms than any other actor. In the 1980s, he played George Utley, opposite Bob Newhart's character on "Newhart" and Burt Sigurdson in "That '70s Show". After a short illness, Poston died of respiratory failure on April 30, 2007, in Los Angeles, California at the age of 85. Hillsborough, North Carolina Hillsborough is a town and county seat of Orange County, North Carolina. The population was 6,087 in 2010. Birgitta Stenberg Birgitta Stenberg (26 April 1932 – 23 August 2014) was a Swedish author, translator and illustrator. She was the 2005 winner of the Selma Lagerlöf Prize. Stenberg was born in Stockholm in 1932. She was educated in Visby and finally in Paris. She became a Swedish author, translator and illustrator. She lived in Åstol in Sweden. She has won the Swedish Selma Lagerlöf Prize for literature in 2005. Stenberg died from hepatic cancer (type of liver cancer) on 23 August 2014 in Tiveden, Sweden, aged 82. Golam Mostofa (poet) Golam Mostofa (Bengali: গোলাম মোস্তফা) (1897- 13 October 1964) was a writer and poet. Mostofa wrote the Tarana-E-Pakistan the anthem (official song) for the then country of East Pakistan. His country is now called Bangladesh. John S. Waugh John Stewart Waugh (April 25, 1929 – August 22, 2014) was an American chemist and educator. He was an Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is known for making normal hamiltonian theory and using it to extend NMR spectroscopy, before only limited to liquids, to the solid state. In 1974, he was elected as a member in the Chemistry section of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS). In 1983, he was awarded Wolf Prize in Chemistry with Herbert S. Gutowsky and Harden M. McConnell. Waugh was born in Willimantic, Connecticut. He was married to Susan and had two children. Waugh died on August 22, 2014 in Lincoln, Massachusetts, aged 85. Victor Chang Victor Peter Chang (born Chang Yam Him; 21 November 1936 – 4 July 1991) was an Australian heart surgeon. He has been called a pioneer of modern heart transplantation. He also helped with the development of an artificial heart valve. He worked at St Vincent's Hospital with his team who had high success rates of heart transplants. Chang was born in Shanghai to Australian-born Chinese parents. He first grew up in Hong Kong before moving to Sydney, New South Wales, in 1951. He studied and trained at the University of Sydney as well as in the United Kingdom and the United States. He was made a Companion of the Order of Australia in 1986. He was married to English-born Ann Simmons. The couple had three children. Chang was murdered on 4 July 1991 in Mosman, Sydney. He was 54. He was shot in the head twice for turning down the efforts of extortion by two men. The men, Malaysians Chew Seng "Ah Sung" Liew and Choon Tee "Phillip" Lim, first ran their vehicle into Chang's car, making him pull over. After arguing, Chang was shot dead by Liew. The men both later spent time in jail. Square One TV Square One TV is an American children's television program. It was produced by the Children's Television Workshop. The purpose is to teach mathematics to young viewers for educational kids tv. It was aired in 1987-1992 and 1995-1996, reran aired in 1992-1994 and 1999-2002. "Square One" features a variety of short events all with a mathematical theme, for example "Mathman", a parody of "Pac-Man"; "Mathnet", parody of "Dragnet", and "Late Afternoon with David Numberman", parody of "Late Night with David Letterman". Ganesh Chaturthi Ganesha Chaturthi is the 10 day-long Hindu festival held on the birthday of the Lord Ganesha. He is the son of Shiva and Parvati. It is celebrated all over India. The festival is held on shukla chaturthi in the Hindu month of Bhaadrapada and ends on Anant chaturdashi. For example in 2020 it will be celebrated on August 22th. It is celebrated widely in Maharashtra. On this occasion people make special "modaks" which are loved by Lord Ganesha. Lalbaug is a place that every year celebrates Ganesh Chaturthi on a large scale. There are Ganesha's form like Bal Ganesh, Lalbaugchya Raja, Siddhivinayak Maharaj, and Dhagru Sheth. The most popular ones are: and . Overview. Ganesh Chaturthi is also called Vinayaka Chaturthi, it is a pure Hindu festival, during this festival people pray Lord Ganesha with great devotion. In this occasion people keep their clay idols privately in their homes, or publicly on big pandals (or temporary stages or altars). It starts with Vedic hymns, prayers, vrata and hindu texts such as Ganesha Upanishad. Offerings of prasada after the prayer and distributing amongst the community people, prasad include sweets, modaka (it is believed to be the favourite sweet of ganesha). This festival starts on the fourth day of Hindu luni-solar calendar month Bhadrapada, which normally falls in the month of August or September. The Ganesha chaturthi ends on the tenth day. Celebrations include four stages of rituals: Ganpati Visarjan. At this stage, the idol is immersed into the river, sea or ocean. He is believed to go back to Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati after the immersion. Cat righting reflex The cat righting reflex is a cat's natural ability to turn itself around as it falls so it will land on its feet. This righting reflex starts to happen at 3–4 weeks of age. The cat has entirely learned how to do this by 6–7 weeks. Cats are able to do this because they have a flexible backbone and a clavicle that does not move. The minimum height needed for this to happen safely in most cats is about 12 inches. Cats without a tail can also do this. This is because a cat mostly moves its hind legs and does not use much angular momentum to set itself up for landing. So a tail is not really needed for this skill. Using this righting reflex, cats can often land without injury. But, this is not always true, since cats can still break bones or die from extreme falls. In a 1987 study, written in the "Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association", 132 cats were looked at after having fallen from buildings. The injuries per cat were more, depending on the height fallen; up to seven stories high. Above seven stories, the injuries were less. The study authors think that after falling five stories, the cats reached terminal velocity. At that time, the cats relaxed and spread their bodies to increase drag. How the cat does it. First, cats decide which is up or down, by looking to see or by using senses in the inner ear. Then, cats manage to twist themselves to face downward, without ever changing their angular momentum. They do this in these steps: If the cat is not flexible enough (able to bend easily), it may need to do steps two and three again in order to completely right itself. Terminal velocity. Besides this righting reflex, cats have body features that help keep them safe in a fall. Their small size, light bones, and thick fur decrease their terminal velocity. Also, once righted they may also spread out their body to increase drag and slow how fast they are falling. They also relax as they fall, which protects them some when they land. Lauren Nelson Lauren Nelson (born November 26, 1986) is an American beauty queen from Lawton, Oklahoma. She was Miss America 2007. Before that, she was Miss Oklahoma 2006. Buttered cat paradox The buttered cat paradox is a popular joke based on putting two adages (sayings) together to make them funny: The paradox happens when one asks this question: What would happen if one attached a piece of buttered toast (butter side up) to the back of a cat, then dropped the cat from a large height? In reality. In reality, cats can turn themselves right side up in mid-air if they should fall upside-down. This is named the cat righting reflex. This reflex lets them land on their feet if dropped from high enough up (about ). Toast, not being alive, does not have the ability to turn itself over. Nor does it want to, since it cannot think. Toast usually lands on the floor butter-side-down. This is because of how it is dropped from a table. As the toast falls from the table, it rotates or turns. Using the average speed of rotation for a slice of toast as it falls from the table and the usual height of a table, a slice of toast that began butter-side-up on the table will land butter-side-down on the floor 81% of the time. This is because the buttered side is heavier. When an object has a heavy and light side, in most cases it will fall heavy side first. Domestic cats usually weigh between . A regular slice of bread weighs only one ounce and a pat of butter about one fourth ounce. So attaching a very small piece of toast with butter to a much larger cat would hardly have any effect on how the cat would move. Annefleur Kalvenhaar Annefleur Kalvenhaar (10 June 1994 – 23 August 2014) was a Dutch cyclist and mountain biker. She won the European Cyclo-cross Championships in 2013. She began her career at the age of 13. She participated for the first time in a World Cup in 2012. In Houffalize and La Bresse she finished second place in the top 10. She was born in Wierden, Netherlands. Kalvenhaar died in Grenoble, France due to an accident during a XCE race in Meribel, France, aged 20. Wierden Wierden is a municipality and town in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 25,000 were living there in 2021. It lies in Twente region. Treadmill A treadmill is a device for walking or running, while staying in the same place. Before there was steam power, such treadmills were used to power machines. That way, the work of animals or people could be used in the machines. Such treadmills were also used as a form of punishment in prisons. Chapelle royale de Dreux The Royal Chapel of Dreux () is the traditional resting place for members of the royal House of Orléans. It is located in the town of Dreux in France. The land on which the chapel was built on was owned by the Duke of Penthièvre, whose daughter Marie Adélaïde married the Duke of Orléans in 1769. Following the death of the Duke of Penthièvre his daughter inherited a majority of his vast estates including the land of Dreux. The Orléans family later used the chapel there as their own personal burial place following the reign of Louis Philippe I. Colombiana Colombiana is a 2011 French crime drama action movie set in Bogotá and Chicago. Zoe Saldana plays Cataleya, a hired killer whose parents are murdered when she is a child, so she seeks revenge. Cliff Curtis plays Emilio. This movie got mixed reviews from critics. It made almost $61 million. Louis Philippe I Louis Philippe I (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was the second person to have the title King of the French. Following the execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, France became a republic. He spent 21 years in exile before being made king after the abdication of Charles X of France in 1830. His relatively short reign (1830–1848) was known as the July Monarchy. Louis-Philippe promoted friendship with Great Britain. He sponsored colonialism, notably the conquest of Algeria. His popularity faded quickly when French troops fired on demonstrators. This set off the French Revolution of 1848 causing Louis Philippe to flee to England as "Mr. Smith". He lived out his life in exile in England. His eldest son and heir died before succeeding him. This brought the Kingdom of the French to an end. Early life. Born at the Palais Royal in Paris he was named Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Louis Philippe in honour of his father. His parents were the Duke and Duchess of Orléans. One of the most senior members of the French royal court. He was born a Prince of the blood which entitled him to be addressed as "His Serene Highness". From birth he was given the title of Duke of Valois one of his fathers subsidiary titles. He was the eldest of four children born to the duke and duchess. He was a member of the House of Orléans, itself a cadet branch of the ruling House of Bourbon. The two branches were both directly descended from Louis XIV and were often in competition with one another. His education was carried out by Madame de Genlis who was later his fathers mistress. It was her that instilled a fairly liberal attitude within the young prince. When Louis Philippe's grandfather died in 1785, his father succeeded him as Duke of Orléans and Louis Philippe succeeded his father as Duke of Chartres. His parents had a strained marriage the Duke was famous for his many extramarital affairs and his wife just quietly accepted his infidelity. She was a notoriously religious woman who relished watching her children grow up. Louis Philippe was the eldest of four children born to the couple. Louis Philippe was very close to his brother, the younger Duke of Montpensier. In 1792 he joined the French army and went to fight in Austria. But in April 1793 he deserted. He could not return to France so he found work as a teacher in Switzerland. He then went to live in Sweden. After that he lived in the United States and finally he moved to England. After the abdication of Napoleon in 1814, Louis Philippe returned to France. King Louis XVIII gave him back his Orléans estates. Marriage. In 1808, proposed to Princess Elizabeth, daughter of King George III of the United Kingdom. His Catholicism and the opposition of her mother Queen Charlotte meant the princess reluctantly declined the offer. In 1809, Louis Philippe married Princess Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily, daughter of King Ferdinand IV of Naples and Maria Carolina of Austria. They had ten children. Maria Amalia was also a niece of the late Queen Marie Antoinette. He died on August 26, 1850 in Claremont, Surrey, England. Legacy. When king of the French he made his children and descendants legally able to bare the title of Prince/ss of Orléans. With the style of "Royal Highness". References. Mineral Point, Wisconsin Mineral Point is a city in Iowa County, Wisconsin, United States. The city is located within the Town of Mineral Point. Mineral Point is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area. This is Wisconsin's third oldest city. Mineral Point was settled in 1827. The population was 2,487 at the 2010 census. Stanley Motor Carriage Company The Stanley Motor Carriage Company was an American manufacturer of steam-engine cars. The company was founded in 1898 and incorporated in 1901. The cars made by the company were called Stanley Steamers. They were produced from 1896 to 1924. In the early 1900s steam was used to power locomotives, steamships, even sewing machines. It seemed natural that steam could power cars. Of all the steam driven cars made in the early 20th century, the Stanley Steamer was the best-known and most popular. Today Stanley Steamers are rare automobiles and hard to find outside of museums and a few car collections. Early history. Twins Francis E. Stanley and Freelan O. Stanley were the co-inventors of the Stanley Steamer automobile. Freelan was a teacher and high school principal. Francis was also a teacher, but left teaching in 1874 to become a photographer. In 1885 they both left their jobs and started a company to make photographic plates for photographers. they sold their shop four years later when they moved to Watertown, Massachusetts. They started another photographic plate business, but sold it to Eastman Kodak in 1904. The brothers had become interested in making cars and wanted to do that full time. Building steam cars. Many inventors were working on making cars during this time. The Stanley brothers built their first two cars as a hobby. In 1898 they brought their cars to the first Auto show in the US held in Boston. Cars from the US and Europe were on exhibition. There was also an outdoor competition. Their Stanley Steamers were faster and could climb hills much better than other cars. No gasoline engined car could climb the 15% grade. A Whitney steam car nearly climbed the 20% grade. The Stanley steamer easily climbed the 30% grade. With the money from the sale of their company to Eastman Kodak, they began making steam cars. In 1899, they produced and sold over 200 cars, more than any other U.S. maker. In 1899, Freelan and his wife Flora drove one of these cars to the top of Mount Washington in New Hampshire, the highest peak in the northeastern United States. The ascent took more than two hours and was notable as being the first time a car had climbed the long Mount Washington Carriage Road; the descent was accomplished by putting the engine in low gear and using the car's brakes. The twins later sold the rights to this early design to Locomobile, and in 1902 they formed the Stanley Motor Carriage Company. Stanley licensed their designs to several other motor car companies. The White Motor Company was one who used the Stanley design and continued to produce steam cars until 1912. Stanley was the last manufacturer of steam powered cars. As the internal combustion engine designs improved, steam and electric cars lost much of their popularity. The numbers of cars sold went down to less than 600 a year in 1918. That year the Stanley brothers sold the company to Prescott Warren, a Chicago businessman. Francis Stanley died in an automobile accident later the same year (1918). His brother Freelan opened a hotel in Colorado called The Stanley Hotel. He lived to be 91 years old. Stanley Steamers were made until 1924. Design and operation. Early Stanley cars had bodies made of wood. The bodies were attached to steel frames by leaf springs. Later bodies were made of aluminum. A Kerosene burner heated a drum-shaped boiler. The boiler stored steam. The driver controlled the steam going to the engine by a throttle. There was no need for a transmission. Starting a Stanley in the morning would wake everyone who lived nearby. It sounded like a steam locomotive, hissing and chugging. It was very hard to steal a Stanley Steamer. It took 20 minutes to gather enough steam before it could move. Once it was moving it seemed to have unlimited power. An early Stanley Steamer was capable of 75 miles per hour. In 1906 a Stanley Steamer broke the land speed record at 127 miles per hour in Florida. To operate a Stanley Steamer, the driver had to watch a number of gauges. There were 13 handles, pumps and valves to adjust. They carried only a small amount of water due to its weight. The car could only go about 40 miles before it had to add water. The kerosene burner was known to cause fires. The easier to operate gasoline powered internal combustion engine caused the steam car to become obsolete. Arthur Penn Arthur Hiller Penn (September 27, 1922 – September 28, 2010) was an American director and producer for movies and television. He directed many movies that got high marks in the 1960s, such as "The Chase" and "Bonnie and Clyde". He returned to stage and television producing and directing in the 1990s. Penn was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He died in New York City at age 88 from congestive heart failure. Paweł Huelle Paweł Marek Huelle (born 10 September 1957) is a Polish author, critic, journalist and university lecturer. He was born in Gdańsk, Poland. Career. Huelle studied philology (language) at Gdańsk University. After that, he was the press secretary for Solidarity (Solidarnosc). He also taught various subjects at schools in Gdansk at the same time. Later he worked as the director of the Gdańsk Polish Television Center. His first novel was "Weiser Dawidek". It was published in 1987. It made him famous in Poland. It is about five young friends in Gdańsk. Polish literary critics called it a masterpiece and the most important Polish literary work of the decade. "Once one begins reading Weiser Dawidek, the book can hardly be put down. Like "Opowiadania", it is written with undeniably great talent." Huelle was the Polish winner of the Samuel-Bogumil-Linde-Preis for 2005. Most of Huelle's stories are set in Gdańsk. He says that city is "full of all kinds of ghosts. I'm not saying it's beautiful or wonderful in any way – but it's strange." Huelle has also published several short stories Revere, Massachusetts Revere is a city in Suffolk County, Massachusetts, near downtown Boston. It is named after Paul Revere, an American Revolutionary War patriot. At 2010 United States Census, 51,755 people lived in Revere. Buster Posey Gerald Dempsey "Buster" Posey III (born March 27, 1987) is an American professional baseball catcher and first baseman for the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball. He stands and weighs . He bats and throws right-handed. Posey grew up in Leesburg, Georgia. He played four sports in high school; when playing baseball, he was very good at hitting and pitching. He attended Florida State University, where he began playing the catcher position. He won the Golden Spikes Award in 2008 and was selected by the Giants with the fifth overall pick in the 2008 Major League Baseball Draft. Posey made his major league start on September 11, 2009. After beginning the 2010 season in the minor leagues, he was called back up to the major leagues in May. He played first base when he came up, but became the Giants' regular catcher at the end of June. Steven R. Nagel Steven Ray Nagel (October 27, 1946 – August 21, 2014), (Col, USAF), was an American astronaut, aeronautical and mechanical engineer, test pilot and a United States Air Force pilot. Nagel became a NASA astronaut in August 1979. Nagel retired from the Air Force February 28, 1995 and as an astronaut one month later. Nagel died on August 21, 2014 of cancer. Dara Singh Dara Singh (19 November 1928 – 12 July 2012) was an Indian wrestler and actor. He started acting in 1952. He was the first sportsman to be nominated to the Rajya Sabha. He worked as Hindi and Punjabi movie producer, director and writer. He acted on movie and television. He was known for his roles in "Jab We Met" (2007), "Kal Ho Naa Ho" (2003) and "Mera Naam Joker" (1972). Singh died on 12 July 2012 at his home in Mumbai, India from cardiac arrest, aged 83. Deaths in January 2014 The following is a list of notable deaths in January 2014. Deaths in February 2014 The following is a list of notable deaths in February 2014. Deaths in August 2014 The following is a list of notable deaths in August 2014. For notable deaths before the current month, please see "Previous months". Sydney Roosters The Sydney Roosters are an Australian professional rugby league team. The team is based in the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, New South Wales. They were founded in 1908. They currently play in the National Rugby League competition. They have won 15 premierships, most recently in 2019. Deaths in March 2014 The following is a list of notable deaths in March 2014. Deaths in April 2014 The following is a list of notable deaths in April 2014. Deaths in May 2014 The following is a list of notable deaths in May 2014. Deaths in June 2014 The following is a list of notable deaths in June 2014. Penrith Panthers The Penrith Panthers are an Australian professional rugby league team. The team is based in Penrith, western Sydney, New South Wales. They were founded in 1966. They currently play in the National Rugby League competition. They have won four premierships, most recently in 2022. Deaths in July 2014 The following is a list of notable deaths in July 2014. Canberra Raiders The Canberra Raiders are an Australian professional rugby league team. The team is based in the nation's capital city of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. They were founded in 1981. They currently play in the National Rugby League competition. They have won three premierships, most recently in 1994. South Sydney Rabbitohs The South Sydney Rabbitohs are an Australian professional rugby league team. The team is based in Redfern, south-central Sydney, New South Wales. They were founded in 1908. They currently play in the National Rugby League competition. They have won 21 premierships (the most of any other team), most recently in 2014. Albert Ebossé Bodjongo Albert Dominique Ebossé Bodjongo Dika (6 October 1989 – 23 August 2014) was a Cameroonian soccer player who played for JS Kabylie in the Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1. On 23 August 2014 Albert was struck by a projectile thrown by a fan just hours after a matchup between his home team JS Kabylie and USM Alger. The match had ended in a 2-1 defeat and the Cameroonian died of head injury due to the strike. He was aged 24. Hajo Meyer Hajo Meyer (12 August 1924 – 23 August 2014) was a German-Dutch physicist and Jewish political activist. Family. He was born in Bielefeld. In 1938, Meyer escaped from Nazi Germany to the Netherlands alone, without his parents. He went into hiding in 1943, but was arrested after a year and spent ten months in Auschwitz. His parents, who were deported from Germany. They did not survive. Works. After the war, Meyer returned to the Netherlands, and studied theoretical physics. He started working for Philips and eventually became director of the Philips Physics Laboratory (NatLab). After his retirement he took courses in England and worked as a builder of new violins and violas. On 23 August 2014, Meyer died in his sleep at the age of 90 in The Hague, Netherlands. United Party of Canada The United Party of Canada is a political party in Canada. It is a centrist party. It supports education for everyone at the college and trade school levels. It also says that we should make energy from renewable sources, instead of making it from things that go away forever. Western Block Party The Western Block Party (or WBP) is a conservative political party in Canada. It wants Western Canada to become independent from the rest of Canada. It was founded in 2005. It first ran candidates in the 2006 federal elections. The party's current leader is Paul St. Laurent. The WBP is not affiliated with some other independent parties in western Canada, such as the Alberta First Party and the Western Independence Party of Saskatchewan. Northwestern Ontario Northwestern Ontario is a region in the Canadian province of Ontario. It covers most of subartic Ontario. It includes the districts of Kenora, Rainy River, and Thunder Bay. Sometimes, Northwestern Ontario is grouped with Northeastern Ontario as Northern Ontario. Northeastern Ontario Northeastern Ontario is a region in the Canadian province of Ontario. It includes the districts of Algoma, Sudbury, Cochrane, Timiskaming, Nipissing, and Manitoulin. Parry Sound District and District Municipality of Muskoka are sometimes included in Northeastern Ontario, although they are usually included in Central Ontario. Northeastern Ontario is sometimes included with Northwestern Ontario as Northern Ontario. One difference between the two parts is that Northeastern Ontario has a large Franco-Ontarian population. Almost 25 percent of Northeastern Ontario's population speaks French as a first language. Dove Cameron Dove Olivia Cameron (born Chloe Celeste Hosterman; January 15, 1996), is an American teen actress and singer. She is known for playing the title characters in the Disney Channel original series "Liv and Maddie". She also starred in the Disney Channel original movie "Cloud 9" as Kayla Morgan. Early life. Cameron was born in Seattle, Washington on January 15, 1996 as Chloe Celeste Hosterman to Philip Alan Hosterman and Bonnie Wallace. She has one older sister, Claire Hosterman, who was born in 1989. At the age of eight, she began acting in community theater. When Cameron was fourteen she moved to Los Angeles, where she sang in Burbank High School's National Championship Show Choir. Career. Since 2013, Cameron has starred in the dual lead role of Liv and Maddie in the Disney Channel original series "Liv and Maddie". The preview of the show was on . The show premiered on . The pilot episode gained 5.8. It was the most-watched in Total Viewers in two and a half years – since November 7, 2010 ("Shake It Up!"). In the episode "Twin-A-Rooney", Liv shows Maddie a clip from the "Sing It Loud!" finale. In the finale, Liv's character sings a cover of "On Top of the World" by Imagine Dragons. A full version of the song was recorded by Cameron. The song was released by Disney as a single on August 27, 2013. She also starred in Cloud 9 with Luke Benward. Cloud 9 premiered on January 17, 2014. Cameron also starred as Mal in Descendants 1, 2 and 3 along side Sofia Carson, Cameron Boyce and Booboo Stewart. Personal life. Cameron stated that she was bullied through her entire school experience. This experience started in 5th grade to the end of high school. Despite the pressure at school and fitting in, she still stayed focused on her dreams of becoming successful in entertainment. "I became very passionate about [becoming an actress and singer]. I fully immured myself". Dove's father died, when she was just fifteen. She struggled to cope, but knew her father would want her to continue to accomplish her goals. He often said that being a parent was the best thing that ever happened to him, and that the favorite years of his life was raising his girls. Cameron was engaged to "Liv & Maddie" co-star Ryan McCartan, who plays Diggie, since August 9, 2013. Due to personal differences, the pair ended their engagement. Since the split, Cameron fell for her Descendants co-star Thomas Doherty (Harry Hook). They were together for 3 years until they split in October 2020. Voice-tracking Voice-tracking is a technique used by some radio stations in radio broadcasting to make an illusion of a live disc jockey or announcer sitting in the studios of the radio station when one is actually not in the station. Background. Voice-tracking refers to the process of a disc jockey prerecording the parts when they speak on the radio. It is then mixed with songs, commercials and other elements to make it sound like a live air shift. Voice-tracking is mostly used in radio stations, especially during the night, overnight, weekend, and holiday time periods. Most radio stations also use it as a way to save money instead of having disc jockeys around the clock. Variations. Sometimes, voice-tracking is done so that people can do other jobs. For example, a DJ may also have a job as a program director or general manager. Voice-tracking allows that person to record a three-hour shift in less than a half-hour, leaving him or her time to do office work. A popular live weekday morning radio host can record parts for a Saturday show, allowing him or her to be on the air six days a week without spending more time at the station. It is also helpful during holidays such as Christmas or Easter, when people are off spending time with their families. Formatics. Different radio stations want their DJs to speak only at certain times. Here is an example: As an example, see the picture below:<br> As one song ends, the next song begins. At this point, the DJ doesn't start talking until the second song starts and he stops at the point where the song's vocals start. James Hinchcliffe James Hinchcliffe is a Canadian racecar driver. He drives in the IndyCar Series. He was born on December 5, 1986 in Oakville, Ontario, a suburb of Toronto. Hinchcliffe is known for his media personality as well as his racing. He has become a very popular driver. Hinchcliffe named his website "Hinchtown" and he is the town's "mayor". Hinchcliffe started in IndyCar in 2011. He drove for the Newman/Haas team. He won rookie of the year. Later, his team stopped racing in IndyCar and he had to find a new team. For 2012, he was hired by Andretti Autosport. A year later he had a very successful year. He won three races in St. Petersburg, Brazil, and Iowa. He continued driving for Andretti. In 2015, Hinchcliffe joined Schmidt Peterson Motorsports and replaced Simon Pagenaud. During Monday practice before the 2015 Indianapolis 500, Hinchcliffe suffered serious injuries in a crash. Liv and Maddie Liv and Maddie, also known as Liv and Maddie: Cali Style in its fourth season, is an American teen sitcom. It was created by John D. Beck and Ron Hart. It originally aired on Disney Channel from July 19, 2013 to March 24, 2017. The show stars Dove Cameron in a dual role as identical twin sisters. They have completely different personalities and are best friends. Liv is an actress. She has come back to her home after living in Hollywood for four years. She was the star of a popular television show called "Sing It Loud!". Maddie is a basketball prodigy. The show is about Liv having to get used to normal family life again after production on "Sing It Loud!" ended. It is also about the two sisters being best friends despite their different personalities and different interests. The show also stars Joey Bragg, Tenzing Norgay Trainor, Kali Rocha, and Benjamin King. The characters they play are Joey Rooney, Parker Rooney, Karen Rooney, and Pete Rooney. Joey and Parker are Liv and Maddie's younger brothers. Karen and Pete are their mother and father. In the last season of the show, Lauren Lindsey Donzis joined the cast. She played Liv and Maddie's younger cousin Ruby. Ruby becomes their "sorta-sister". Her character replaced Pete. Pete was not in any of the episodes of the fourth season. Plot. After finishing a four-year stint in Hollywood filming a popular television show called "Sing It Loud!", actress Liv Rooney returns to her birthplace of Stevens Point, Wisconsin to the open arms of her family, despite being offered more roles in other shows and movies. Liv decided to come home because she missed her family and wanted to see them again. She is happily reunited with her identical twin sister Maddie. Maddie is her best friend. Liv is a girly girl. She enjoys anytime someone mentions her former career. Maddie is a tomboy with a talent for basketball. She is the captain of her school's basketball team. The twins have two younger brothers. They are Joey and Parker. Joey is a typical awkward teen. He is one year younger than the twins. Parker is a clever tween. He has a mischievous personality. Parker is the youngest child of the Rooney family. Their father Pete is the coach for Maddie's basketball team. He eventually achieves his dream of becoming the coach of a college team in Beloit, Wisconsin. Their mother Karen is the school psychologist and later vice principal starting in the second season. In the first three seasons, most events take place at either Ridgewood High, the high school that Liv, Maddie, Joey, and later Parker, due to being a child prodigy, all attend, or the Rooney residence. At the end of the third season, the Rooney house collapses due to a series of tunnels created by Parker and Maddie is accepted into a college in Los Angeles, California. This prompts the rest of the Rooneys, except Pete who remains in Wisconsin to continue his coaching job, to move to Malibu, California, to take up residence with Karen's younger sister Dena and her daughter Ruby, where the show's forth season takes place. In the last episode of the series, all the Rooneys part ways. Liv is invited to perform in a musical called "Double Duchess" on Broadway, Maddie is given a grant to build tiny houses for the homeless in New Orleans, Joey is invited to go on a comedy tour with Jim Breuer, and Parker is invited to go with his friend Val to a biodome in the salt flats of Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia to study life on Mars. A big part of the show are documentary-style cutaways where major characters and the supporting characters talk to the viewers to explain various things and their opinions on the situations in which they are featured in each episode. In the last episode, it is revealed that the cutaways are part of a reality series that airs in Luxembourg called "Bits and Pieces". This is a reference to the working title of "Liv and Maddie". Series overview. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Production. Development. In the spring of 2012, Oops Doughnuts Productions had shopped the script of a project called "Bits and Pieces". It was about a blended family similar to shows like "The Brady Bunch" and "Step by Step". The show followed Jodie Sullenger (Kali Rocha), mother of Alanna (Dove Cameron) and Sticky (Joey Bragg). Sullenger married Pete Fickman (Benjamin King), father of Crystal (Cozi Zuehlsdorff) and Brody (Tenzing Norgay Trainor). All six have to get used to life under the same roof. Eventually, Disney chose to change the concept of "Bits and Pieces" into one about a pair of twins. Now titled "Liv and Maddie", the show began production in April 2013. The show was produced under a joint venture between Beck & Hart Productions, Oops Doughnuts Productions, and It's a Laugh Productions. The show's creators, John D. Beck and Ron Hart, are a production-writing team. Their credits include "According to Jim", "Hey Arnold!", and "Shake It Up!". They also served as executive producers alongside Andy Fickman. Fickman was the only director who participated in all four seasons of the show. He directed 20 of the 21 episodes of the first season. He also directed four episodes of the second season, two of the third season, and four of the fourth season. On January 13, 2014, Disney Channel renewed "Liv and Maddie" for a 13-episode second season. The second season was later expanded to 24 episodes. The first season ended on July 27, 2014. The season season premiered on September 21, 2014. On April 3, 2015, the show was renewed for a third season by Disney Channel. The second season ended on August 23, 2015. The third season premiered on September 13, 2015. On December 21, 2015, Dove Cameron stated that Disney Channel was picking up "Liv and Maddie" for a fourth season. On June 19, 2016, series co-creator Ron Hart announced on Twitter that the fourth season would premiere in fall 2016. On July 1, 2016, Dove Cameron stated that they had filmed the series' final episode. On August 19, 2016, it was announced by the show's creators, John D. Beck and Ron Hart, that the last season would be called "Liv and Maddie: Cali Style". The third season ended on June 19, 2016. The fourth season premiered on September 23, 2016. The show ended on March 24, 2017. Casting. Casting took place during the spring of 2012; however, only a pilot episode was made. Instead of hiring a new cast, production chose to keep those whom they had already hired and make a completely new pilot. The story now focused on Dove Cameron playing dual roles with the same parents and brothers. Lead billing for Cozi Zuehlsdorff was later dropped to guest star. The family name of "Rooney" was picked because of Sullenger's enjoyment of the Pittsburgh Steelers, a team owned by the Rooney family. Music. A full version of the "Liv and Maddie" theme song, "Better in Stereo", was recorded by Dove Cameron. It was released as a promotional single by Walt Disney Records on October 15, 2013. A music video was made. The music video aired on Disney Channel on the night of October 29, 2013. The song was featured twice in the show. The first time was in the last episode of season three, "Californi-A-Rooney". The second time was an acoustic version sung by Cameron. This was at the very end of the last episode of the show, "End-A-Rooney". In the pilot episode, "Twin-A-Rooney", Liv shows Maddie a clip from the "Sing It Loud!" finale. In it, Liv's character, Stephanie Einstein, sings a cover of On Top of the World by Imagine Dragons. A full version of the song was recorded by Cameron. It was released as a promotional single by Walt Disney Records on August 27, 2013. In "Fa-La-La-A-Rooney", Liv performs the classic "Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!" during the Steven's Point Holiday Spectacular. A full version of the song was recorded by Cameron. It was included on Holidays Unwrapped, a holiday album released by Walt Disney Records on October 15, 2013. In "Song-A-Rooney", Liv performs "FroyoYOLO". It goes viral, but Liv hates it. In the same episode, Liv performs "Count Me In". A full version of "Count Me In" was recorded by Cameron. It was released as a promotional single by Walt Disney Records on June 3, 2014. In "New Year's Eve-A-Rooney", Liv performs "You, Me and the Beat". A full version of the song was recorded by Cameron. It was released as a promotional single by Walt Disney Records on December 2, 2014. In "Rate-A-Rooney", Liv uploads "What a Girl Is". Two versions were created, The first was the one shown in the show. The other, which included Christina Grimmie and Baby Kaely, was eventually recorded. Both versions are included in the "Liv and Maddie" soundtrack. The second version was released on iTunes on March 5, 2015. The original version was released on March 17, 2015. On March 17, 2015, the "Liv and Maddie" soundtrack was released. The soundtrack includes "Better in Stereo", "On Top of the World", "FroyoYOLO", "Count Me In", "You, Me and the Beat", and both versions of "What a Girl Is". The soundtrack also includes "Say Hey", "As Long As I Have You", and "True Love". There were two versions of "True Love": Ballad, which would be sung by Jordan Fisher, and a piano duet featuring Jordan Fisher and Dove Cameron. With the announcement of the soundtrack on March 5, 2015, the singles for those songs, except FroyoYOLO, were discontinued and are no longer available. In "Prom-A-Rooney", Liv performs "True Love" at the school prom. Like she did with the other songs, Cameron recorded a full version of the song. It was released as part of the "Liv and Maddie" soundtrack on March 17, 2015. In "Band-A-Rooney", Liv's band, "The Dream", performs "Say Hey" at the Battle of the Bands. A full version was recorded by Cameron. It had the band member's actor doing the chorus. The song was released as part of the "Liv and Maddie" soundtrack on March 17, 2015. In "Video-A-Rooney", Liv's band performs "As Long As I Have You". Cameron recorded a full version. It was released as part of the "Liv and Maddie" soundtrack on March 17, 2015. The song was the last song from the soundtrack that was played in the show. In "SPARF-A-Rooney", Andy Grammer performs "Honey, I'm Good". This is one of the few songs in "Liv and Maddie" that was not part of the soundtrack. In "Sing It Louder!!-A-Rooney", Liv and Ruby perform "One Second Chance" on the set of "Sing It Louder!!" The song was recorded by Cameron and Lauren Lindsey Donzis. It was released as a promotional single by Walt Disney Records on November 4, 2016. In "Falcon-A-Rooney", "The Power of Two" is performed again by Liv and Ruby for "Sing It Louder!!". Like the previous song in season four, Dove Cameron and Lauren Lindsey Donzis recorded a full version of the song. It was released on January 20, 2017. In "Sing It Live!!-A-Rooney", Liv sings "My Destiny" for the special episode of "Sing It Louder!!". Again, a full version of the song was recorded by Cameron. It was released as a promotional single on March 3, 2017. Broadcast. "Liv and Maddie" aired on Disney Channel in the United States and Family Channel in Canada. The pilot episode aired as a preview on July 19, 2013. It followed the premiere of the Disney Channel Original Movie "Teen Beach Movie". The first promo for the show was seen on June 28, 2013. It followed the premiere of "Disney's Mickey Mouse Shorts". The show officially premiered in the United States on September 15, 2013. It premiered in Canada on September 20, 2013. The show stopped airing in Canada on Family Channel on September 1, 2015. It started airing on Disney Channel on September 5, 2015. La Chaîne Disney in French Canada premiered the episode "Home Run-A-Rooney" on March 24, 2016. This was 17 days before the American and Canadian airing of the episode on April 10, 2016. In the UK and Ireland, the show aired as a preview on October 7, 2013. It later premiered on November 8, 2013. In Australia and New Zealand, the show premiered on October 11, 2013. The second season premiered on January 8, 2015. The third season premiered on December 2, 2015. The show premiered in Southeast Asia on January 10, 2014. In the Balkans, Greece, the Middle East, and Africa, the show premiered on March 8, 2014. The second season premiered on February 7, 2015. In India, the show premiered on October 30, 2017 on Disney International HD. Reception. Critical reception. Emily Ashby of Common Sense Media gave the show's quality a rating of three out of five stars. She described it as a "jovial family sitcom". She said it can be watched by children ages seven and above. Ashby said that the show has a "comical spin" on common family issues like sibling rivalry. She said that it is a "worry-free pick for kids." Neil Genzlinger of "The New York Times" compared the show to "The Patty Duke Show". She described it as "a gentle, moderately amusing comedy". She also said that Cameron does a good job playing both main characters. She said that "the premise gives the writers plenty of opportunities." Merchandise. Brand marketing promotion for "Liv and Maddie" still continues strongly. ACCO Brands, under the Day Dream brand, features a 2015 wall calendar and Disney D'Signed clothing line from selected retailers Target and Kohl's. Wooky Entertainment owns Style Me Up, a creative fashion brand for tween girls. This features "Liv and Maddie: Dreams Come True" and "Liv and Maddie: A Rising Star" sketchbooks. Footwear retailer Payless ShoeSource makes "Liv and Maddie"-themed character footwear based on the show. A novelization of the show, titled "Liv and Maddie: Sisters Forever", was published by Disney Press on January 6, 2015. The junior novel is based on the episodes "Twin-A-Rooney" and "Team-A-Rooney". It alternates between the view points of Liv, Maddie, Joey, and Parker. The junior novel features eight pages of photos from the show. It was adapted by Lexi Ryals. Another novelization of the show, titled "Liv and Maddie: Double Trouble", was published by Disney Press on August 4, 2015. It is based on the episodes "Sweet-16-A-Rooney" and "Dodge-A-Rooney". Like the first novel, "Double Trouble" features eight pages of photos from the show and was adapted by Lexi Ryals. Also like the first novel, "Double Trouble" alternates between the view points of Liv, Maddie, Joey, and Parker. 1941 Florida hurricane The 1941 Florida hurricane was a strong tropical cyclone in October 1941. It affected the Bahamas and the southeastern United States This storm's winds were at . The hurricane hit southern Florida first. After that, it went across the Florida Panhandle. At least ten people were killed by the storm. Time Warner Cable Time Warner Cable was an American cable and telecommunications company. The company served almost 30 states. It was the second-largest cable company behind Comcast. They offered Cable television and Internet services. Time Warner Cable was founded in 1973 and was bought by Charter Communications in May 2016. Golden Spikes Award The Golden Spikes Award is given out every year to the best beginning baseball player in the United States. The award, created by USA Baseball and sponsored by the Major League Baseball Players Association, was first presented in 1978. It is given to a beginning player who best exhibits and combines "exceptional on-field ability and excellent sportsmanship." The award is considered the most important in beginning baseball. Jindřich Pokorný Jindřich Pokorný (12 April 1927 – 23 August 2014) was a Czech translator (mainly French and German), editor and writer. He translated also in Italian, Latin and Flemish. He was known for his translation of "Rostand's Cyrano de Bergerac". Along with the literary historian Frederick Fučík, they wrote a book explaining the origins and meanings of the various sayings and proverbs called "Buried dog". In 2009 he published a book "Parsifal". Jaume Vallcorba Plana Jaume (or Santiago) Vallcorba Plana (21 September 1949 – 23 August 2014) was a Spanish philologist and publisher. He published many studies on aesthetics and literature. He was born in Tarragona, Spain. He was a professor in Literature at the University of Bordeaux, the University of Lleida, the University of Barcelona and the Pompeu Fabra University (Barcelona) but he left university teaching in 2004. Dan Magill Daniel Hamilton "Dan" Magill, Jr. (January 25, 1921 – August 23, 2014) was an American tennis player and coach. His worked as a Sports Information Director, a Head Tennis Coach, and a Georgia Bulldog Club secretary for the University of Georgia. Magill was born in Athens, Georgia. He was a U.S. Marine during World War II. He was married to Rosemary Reynaud had three children; Ham, Sharon, and Mollie. Magill died from natural causes on August 23, 2014 in Athens, Georgia. He was 93. Glam metal Glam metal (also known as hair metal, sleaze metal and pop metal) is a hard rock/heavy metal subgenre. It combines punk rock with pop music. It became popular in the 1970s and 1980s. But it became less popular in the 1990s. This was because grunge music was getting more popular. Some bands of this genre include: Magi (manga) is a Japanese manga series. It was written and illustrated by . The Anime version is by A-1 Pictures. Season 1 began in October, 2012 and ended in March, 2013. Season 2 started in October, 2013 and ended in March, 2014. The season 2 title was Magi: The Kingdom of Magic. Characters. Alibaba Saluja is the main character of "Magi." He is a “King Vessel”, a special human that was chosen by a Magi. He is a young man that wants to capture the dungeon in Qishan. After finding his life changing friend Aladdin, he uses this opportunity after watching Aladdin’s genie in action to go together and capture the dungeon. Aladdin is a main character of "Magi." He is a “Magi”, a special magician who chooses kings. He is a strange boy who is a traveler and has a flute that has a djinn, or a genie that can be summoned upon blowing on it, along with a magical carpet which he can use to fly. Morgiana is the heroine of "Magi." She is a part of Alibaba’s household, gaining some powers from the djinn Amon, which Alibaba has captured. She is a former slave that was tortured, but saved by Alibaba and Aladdin. Sinbad is the main character of the spin off series "Adventure of Sinbad" and a special man. He is a first class singularity that captured seven dungeons meaning he has seven djinns. Marcel Rigout Marcel Rigout (10 May 1928 – 23 August 2014) was a French politician. He served as the Minister of Vocational Training from 1981 to 1984, under former President François Mitterrand. He was a member of the French Communist Party (PCF; ). Rigout was born in Verneuil-sur-Vienne. He wrote the novel "L'autre chance" in 1983. Rigout died on 23 August 2014 in Limoges, aged 86. Black box (disambiguation) Black box has these meanings: Ahti Pekkala Ahti Antti Johannes Pekkala (20 December 1924 – 23 August 2014) was a Finnish politician for the Centre Party. He served as a deputy speaker of the parliament from 1976 to 1978 and as the speaker from 1978 to 1979. He also served as the Governor of Oulu Province from 1986 until 1991. Pekkala was born in Haapavesi. Before politics, he was a banker and the manager of a bank from 1952 until 1985. Pekkala died on 23 August 2014 in Haapavesi, aged 89. Philippine de Rothschild Philippine Mathilde Camille de Rothschild (22 November 1933 – 23 August 2014), also known as Philippine Pascale, was a French winemaker and baroness. She was the owner of the French winery Château Mouton Rothschild. She was the only daughter of the vintner Baron Philippe de Rothschild, a member of the Rothschild banking dynasty. In 2013, she was given a lifetime achievement award by the Institute of Masters of Wine. Rothschild was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, Paris. She was married twice and had three children; Camille, Philippe and Julien. She was made an Officier of the Legion of Honour () in 2007. Rothschild died on 23 August 2014 in Boulogne-Billancourt, Paris, aged 80. Gold Coast Titans The Gold Coast Titans are an Australian professional rugby league team. The team is based on the Gold Coast in Queensland. They were founded in 2007. They currently play in the National Rugby League competition. They have not won any premierships. North Queensland Cowboys The North Queensland Cowboys are an Australian professional rugby league team. The team is based in Townsville, Queensland. They were founded in 1992. They currently play in the National Rugby League competition. They have won one premiership in 2015 against the Brisbane Broncos. Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs The Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs are an Australian professional rugby league team. The team is based in Belmore, Sydney, New South Wales. They were founded in 1934. They currently play in the National Rugby League competition. They have won eight premierships, most recently in 2004. Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks The Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks are an Australian professional rugby league team. The team is based in Cronulla, southern Sydney, New South Wales. They were founded in 1963. They currently play in the National Rugby League competition. They have won one premiership in 2016 against the Melbourne Storm. Black box A black box, in science and engineering, is a box whose inside working is not known. It is a device, system or object with input and output. There is no knowledge of its internal workings. The way it works is "opaque" (black). Almost anything might be referred to as a black box: a transistor, an algorithm, or the human brain. Ashby expains that the term arose when a decision had to be made about opening an engineering box. The question was whether to return the box for repair, or just scrap it. Could this be decided without opening the box? There can be many reasons why a complex system cannot be repaired in the field, and even opening up some systems is a big deal. The question also comes up in surgery on brain damage patients. The more that can be discovered before operating, the better.p86 The opposite of a black box is a system where the inner components or logic can be seen. It is sometimes known as a clear box, a glass box, or a white box. Newcastle Knights The Newcastle Knights are an Australian professional rugby league team. The team is based in Newcastle, New South Wales. They were founded in 1988. They currently play in the National Rugby League competition. They have won two premierships, most recently in 2001. Parramatta Eels The Parramatta Eels are an Australian professional rugby league team. The team is based in Parramatta, Sydney, New South Wales. They were founded in 1946. They currently play in the National Rugby League competition. They have won four premierships, most recently in 1986. St George Illawarra Dragons The St George Illawarra Dragons are an Australian professional rugby league team. The team is based in St George region of Sydney and the Illawarra region of New South Wales. They were founded in 1998. They currently play in the National Rugby League competition. They have won one premiership in 2010 against the Sydney Roosters. Melbourne Storm The Melbourne Storm are an Australian professional rugby league team. The team is based in Melbourne, Victoria. They were founded in 1997. They currently play in the National Rugby League competition. They have won four premierships, most recently in 2020. Manly Warringah Sea Eagles The Manly Warringah Sea Eagles are an Australian professional rugby league team. The team is based on the Northern Beaches of Sydney, New South Wales. They were founded in 1946. They currently play in the National Rugby League competition. They have won eight premierships, most recently in 2011. Manly Sea Eagles have won 8 Grand Finals: Their home ground is Brookvale Oval, which is affectionately known by locals as "Fortress Brookie". Wests Tigers The Wests Tigers are an Australian professional rugby league team. The team is based in the Inner West of Sydney, New South Wales. They were founded in 1999. They currently play in the National Rugby League competition. They have won one premiership in 2005 against the North Queensland Cowboys. New Zealand Warriors The New Zealand Warriors are a New Zealand professional rugby league team. The team is based in Auckland, New Zealand. They were founded in 1995. They currently play in the National Rugby League competition. They have not won any premierships. They are the only non-Australian team in the NRL. Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans Prince Ferdinand Philippe of Orléans, Duke of Orléans (Ferdinand Philippe Louis Charles Henri Joseph; 3 September 1810 – 13 July 1842) was the eldest son of Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans and future King Louis Philippe I. Born in exile in his mother's native Sicily, he was their heir to the House of Orléans from birth. Following his father's succession as King of the French in 1830, he became the "Prince Royal" and subsequently Duke of Orléans (French: "duc d'Orléans"), the title by which he is best known. Dying in 1842, he never succeeded his father nor saw the collapse of the "July Monarchy" and subsequent exile of his family to England. Infancy and background. He was named after his two grandfathers King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and Philippe Égalité. He was born in Palermo and given the title of Duke of Chartres. He was also a prince of the blood at the French royal court of Versailles. This gave him the style of "Serene Highness". His father was banned from attending court at Versailles due to his liberal views. Prince did not attend either. He instead remained at his father's court at their Parisian residence the Palais Royal. Heir to the throne. His father became King of the French in 1830. This made the prince the heir to the title of Duke of Orléans and heir to the throne. From that time the heir to the French throne was to be known as the Duke of Orléans. His father also declared his descendants through the male line were entitled to use the style of "Royal Highness". They also used the title (a title in its own right) of Prince of Orléans. The prince became known as His Royal Highness, Prince Ferdinand Philippe of Orléans, Duke of Orléans. His sons were also entitled to the same style and title. Marriage. There were plans for him to marry his cousin, Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois. But the plans never materialised. There were also negotiations for the young prince to marry an Austrian Archduchess as well as a Russian grand duchess. But the plans again never materialised as the new monarchy in France was seen as fragile and not expected to survive. Instead the choice came in the form of Duchess Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. She was a member of a minor ducal family native to Germany. The couple eventually married on 30 May 1837. This gave her the style of Royal Highness and made her one of the first princesses of Orléans by marriage. The couple eventually had two sons and had a very happy marriage. Superposition principle In physics, the superposition principle states that if there are two or more stimuli at a given point in time, the response will be the result of adding all the responses. This only applies to linear systems. Since many systems can be modelled as linear systems, the principle has many applications in physics and engineering. Superposition principle: The principle states that the total force on a given charge is the vector of the individual forces exerted on the given charge by all other charges. Each individual force between any two charges is calculated from Coulomb's law tattoos and is not affected by the presence of other charges Ángel Di Maria Angel Fabian Di Maria Hernandez (born 14 February 1988) is an Argentine professional footballer. He plays for French Ligue 1 club Paris Saint-Germain and the Argentina national team. He can play as either a winger or attacking midfielder. Career. After beginning his career with Rosario Central, Di María moved to Europe in 2007 to play for Benfica of the Portuguese Primeira Liga. He made a €25 million move to Real Madrid three years later, in 2010. After winning the UEFA Champions League with Real Madrid in 2014, he signed for Manchester United in summer 2014 for a national record £59.7 million. In summer 2015, he signed a 4 year contract with Paris Saint-Germain for €63 million. A full international for Argentina since 2008, Di María has earned over 50 caps for his country. He scored the goal that gave Argentina first place at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, and has also represented them at two World Cups and the 2011 Copa América, 2015 Copa América, and the 2016 Copa América Centenario. Interdisciplinarity Interdisciplinarity is when two or more subjects (academic disciplines) join up. This happens when a problem overlaps traditional academic boundaries. Other terms which mean almost the same thing are multidisciplinarity and crossdisciplinarity. An examples makes clear what is meant: Other examples include artificial intelligence, cultural studies, cybernetics, computational linguistics, biomedical engineering, and so on. Physical chemistry, biochemistry and astrophysics must have been some of the first. In many universities, traditional departments (e.g. botany, zoology) were scrapped, and new broader departments like 'School of biological sciences' were formed. Inside this umbrella, research and teaching teams were based on interdisciplinary problems, such as ecology or cell division or Earth history. There are some necessary specialities which do not fit easily into the new system. Examples are taxonomy (you still need people to identify animals) and areas like parasitology and agricultural botany. A system which works in some universities is to appoint staff to the Schools (usually Humanities, Science. Social sciences and Technology) and let the staff join those groups which best fit their expertise. Watertown, Massachusetts Watertown is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the greater Boston area. The population was 31,915 at the 2010 census. Watertown is one of fourteen Massachusetts municipalities that have been granted city forms of government but kept the name town. History. The area of Watertown was inhabited for thousands of years before the arrival of settlers from England. The tribes of the Pequossette and the Nonantum, had settlements on what is now called the Charles River. The Pequossette built a fishing to trap herring. This was at the site of the current Watertown Dam. Every year the alewife and blueback herring swim upstream from their adult home in the sea. this is to spawn in the fresh water where they came from. The first settlement of Watertown was at the Saltonstall Plantation in 1630. This was one of the earliest of the Massachusetts Bay settlements. It was begun by a group of settlers led by Richard Saltonstall and the Rev. George Phillips. It was officially incorporated that same year. The alternate spelling "Waterton" is seen in some early documents. The first buildings were on land that is now in the city of Cambridge. It was known as Gerry's Landing. For its first quarter century Watertown ranked next to Boston in population and area. Since then its city limits have been greatly reduced. Columbine effect The Columbine effect is the legacy and impact of the 1999 Columbine High School massacre and the shooters Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold. The shooting has inspired several copycat crimes. Many killers took inspiration from Harris and Klebold. Some killers described them as heroes, martyrs or icons. Glottolog Glottolog is the database of all languages in the world. Linguasphere Observatory The Linguasphere Observatory is the observatory which is responsible for maintaining the Linguasphere database. Jack Humbeeck Jack Humbeeck also written as Jaak van Humbeeck (born 5 June 1904) was a Belgian boxer. He competed in the heavyweight category. He competed at international competitions and fought between 1921 and 1933. Humbeeck made his debut on 20 May 1921 in Antwerp against Boudinon and won. During his career he had 105 fights, winning 42 of them (50 losses, 13 draws). Humbeeck became for the first time national champion in 1922 and became it many times more until 1927. In 1923 won the European title. Siege of Cēsis Castle (1577) The siege of Cēsis Castle in 1577 was a part of Ivan the Terrible's campaign to conquer Old Livonia. Explosion. Cēsis Castle was guarded by the Polish troops being one of region's most important fortresses. Based on , the castle had only a few hundred people. Most of them were women and children while the Muscovites had thousands of men, with the heaviest of weapons. Having knowledge of the Muscovite ruler's brutality to his prisoner, townsmen of Cēsis sought shelter and refuge inside the castle. After the five-days-long shelling cracks and holes caused by the heavy artillery of the Muscovites, the castle was extremely damaged and the  cesis castle was in serious danger along with the people in it. The townsmen of Cēsis however decide not to give themself up but rather decided to blow themselves up with gunpowder. Literature.  Salomon Henning's "Chronicle of Livonia and Courland" gives the most touching description of the mass suicide:One should have seen this sorrow beyond all sorrow as the good people knelt in the room beneath which the gunpowder had been placed. Man and wife held each others' hands, children gathered around their parents, some still nursing at their mothers' breasts, all awaiting blessed St. Simeon's hour. Nor, as the Muscovite soon hereafter began to storm and invade the castle, was it long delayed. The gunpowder was ignited and all were blown up, aside from those who had hidden elsewhere in the castle... Storm cellar Storm cellars are underground structures that are either located below buildings, or are built underground near houses or other such buildings. They are reinforced structures into which residents can go for protection from a strong wind storm. They are common in areas that often have tornadoes and hurricanes. In houses. A typical storm cellar for a single family would be built nearby the home. It might have a floor area of eight by twelve feet, (2.5 x 3.5 m) and an arched roof like that of a quonset hut—but it would be entirely underground. In most cases the entire structure would be built of blocks faced with cement and rebar through the bricks for protection from the storm doing this makes it almost impossible for the bricks to fall apart. New ones sometimes are made of septic tanks that have been modified with a steel door and vents. Most storm cellars would be reached by a covered stairwell. At the opposite end of the structure there would be conduits for air that would reach the surface, and perhaps a small window to serve as an emergency exit and also to provide some light. Additional uses. A storm cellar may also be used to store canned goods for emergencies or for a long period of time. Further reading. The Secure Home, Joel Skousen, Swift Learning Resources; 3rd ed, 1999 (ISBN 1-56861-055-6) Leon Gerards Leon Gerards is a former amateur Dutch boxer from Maastricht. Gerards became multiple time national champion, including in 1958 1962, and 1963. Gerards was a member of the Dutch national team, representing the Netherlands at international competitions in the 1950s and 1960s. Gerards was trained by Pie Lenaerts. In 1962 he received offers in the Netherlands and Germany to become a professional boxer, but on advise of his trainer, Gerards didn't accept the offers. Callirhytis seminator Callirhytis seminator, the wool sower gall wasp, is a gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. It is named after the puffy, white gall it makes on trees. The adult wasps are about 1/8" in long. They are dark brown in color. The larvae (grubs) are white and fat and have no legs. The wasps only lay eggs on white oak trees and only in the spring. They lay the egg in a gall, a round, white structure. It later changes color. The larvae live and grow inside the gall. People who open up the galls to look at them see things that look like seeds. They are not seeds. They are hard plant material. They protect the larvae. Gall wasps have a two-generation system. This means that one set of parents makes children that look different from themselves. Then those children make children that look like the parents. That means grandparents and grandchildren look like each other, but parents and children do not. Among gall wasps, one generation makes stem galls, and second makes leaf galls. Scientists do not know what the alternate wool sower wasp gall looks like. The wasps do not sting humans. They do not hurt the white oak trees. Delivery (commerce) Delivery is the process of transporting goods. Methods. Most goods are delivered through a transportation network. Cargo (physical goods) are delivered via roads and railroads on land, shipping lanes on the sea and airline networks in the air. Some goods may be delivered via other networks, such as: Thomas Hardwicke Major-General Thomas Hardwicke (1756 – 3 March 1835) was an English soldier and naturalist. He was in India from 1777 to 1823. He collected many specimens of natural history and had them painted by Indian artists. From these paintings many new species were described. Several of these species are named after him. On returning to England he collaborated with the zoologist John Edward Gray to publish "Illustrations of Indian Zoology" (1830–1835). George Cook George Cook (23 January 1898 — 8 October 1943) was an Australian boxer. He competed in the heavyweight category. He competed at international competitions and fought between 1916 and 1938. Cook made his debut on 17 July 1916 in Sydney against Jim Tracey and lost on points. During his globe trotting career he had 106 fights, winning 43 of them (50 losses, 10 draws). He became multiple times Australian champion, Commonwealth champion and Billed for British Overseas Dominions champion. Cook married in, or before, 1922. Morgan Wallen Morgan Wallen (born May 13, 1993) is an American country musician and singer signed to Big Loud Records. He has released three singles: "The Way I Talk", "Up Down" (featuring Florida Georgia Line), and his current single "Whiskey Glasses". Early life. Wallen was born in Sneedville, Tennessee. His father was a preacher. As a child, Wallen took piano and violin lessons. He played baseball in college but after an injury, he chose to pursue music instead. In 2014, he competed in season 6 of The Voice where he was eliminated. Career. In late 2016, Wallen signed to Big Loud Records, a label owned by record producer Joey Moi. He released his first single "The Way I Talk" soon after. In addition, he co-wrote the A Thousand Horses single "Preachin' to the Choir". In April 2017, Wallen released a music video for "The Way I Talk". He also joined Florida Georgia Line for set dates on their "Dig Your Roots Tour". On April 27, 2018, Wallen released his first album, "If I Know Me". The single from the album, "Up Down", was recorded with Florida Georgia Line. According to Wallen, he and Florida Georgia Line got together as they knew each other, and when FGL heard the single, they became interested in a collaboration. The album's third single "Whiskey Glasses" released to country radio on July 30, 2018. HappinessCharge PreCure! , also called HappinessCharge Pretty Cure! or Happiness Charge PC is a 2014 Japanese magical girl anime series by Toei Animation and the eleventh installment of the Pretty Cure franchise, the English dub for it is "Kingdom Gamers" and will premiere on Disney Channel on May 10, 2023. Melody (singer) Gabriella Abreu Severino also known as Melody (born February 4, 2007) is a Brazilian singer and songwriter, Melody became known for her falsetto. Melody has won national notoriety in early of 2015, after posting a video on her Facebook page singing the song "Fale de Mim", a song written by her father, Belinho. In a next video, she tried to do a falsetto by Christina Aguilera that went viral. Soon after, she made another video doing falsetto, this time with a friend of her father's. Melody is considered one of the most influential Brazilian children on the internet. Timberview High School shooting The Timberview High School shooting occurred on October 6, 2021 in Arlington, Texas, United States, Shooter Timothy George Simpkins opened fire shooting at 4 people, Including a student being left in critical condition. The shooter, who has been identified as an 18-year-old male named Timothy George Simpkins, fled after the shooting. Simpkins faces three counts of assault with a deadly weapon. Shooting. At 9:15 a.m. shooter Timothy George Simpkins started firing his gun injuring 4 people, In which one was left in critical condition, After the shooting Simpkins fled from the shooting turning himself in the same day of the shooting, He faces three counts of assault with a deadly weapon. Perpetrator. Timothy George Simpkins suspect, an 18-year-old student, fled the scene and is at large, authorities said. Multiple people were injured in a shooting at Mansfield Timberview High School in Arlington, Texas. Frank Borrington Frank Borrington also known as The Borrington Bomber (1909 — 22 August 1989) was a professional British boxer from Derby. He competed in the heavyweight category between 1931 and 1937. He was heavy weight champion of the Midlands. Borrington made his debut on 28 October 1931 in Derby against George Frost. During his career he had 63 fights (or 72 ), winning 24 of them (34 losses, 5 draws). In 1934, Borrington went knock out in the first round after 83 seconds in a match against Jack Doyle. In October 1934 it was mentioned in the newspaper that of his last 28 matches he 17 of them won with a knock out. Most of his fights were in the United Kingdom, but he also went to Rotterdam in the Netherlands to fight against Harry Staal. Cobden, Minnesota Cobden is a city in Brown County, Minnesota, United States. Evan, Minnesota Evan is a city in Brown County, Minnesota, United States. Hanska, Minnesota Hanska is a city in Brown County, Minnesota, United States. Sleepy Eye, Minnesota Sleepy Eye is a city in Brown County, Minnesota, United States. Springfield, Minnesota Springfield is a city in Brown County, Minnesota, United States. Carlton, Minnesota Carlton is the county seat of Carlton County, Minnesota, United States. Break My Soul "Break My Soul" (written in all capital letters) is a 2022 song by American singer Beyoncé.  The song was released June 20, 2022. It is the lead single from her seventh studio album, "Renaissance" (2022). The song samples the 1992 house song "Show Me Love" by Robin S, which was written by Allen George, G Syier Hawkins Brown and Fred McFarlane, with background vocals from New Orleans bounce rapper Big Freedia and a sample of Freedia's song "Explode". "Break My Soul" was co-produced by Beyoncé, The-Dream, and Tricky Stewart. Julianne Escobedo Shepherd of "Pitchfork" said the song shows "Beyoncé as an SSRI [antidepressant]" and that Beyoncé is "acknowledging the predicament in which many of her non-zillionaire listeners find themselves." On August 8, 2022, "Billboard" announced that "Break My Soul" was at the top of the Hot 100 for the week ending August 13. It is Beyoncé's eighth US solo chart-topper (twelfth when counted as a member of Destiny's Child). The song spent two weeks at number one. Remix. A remix with Madonna, taking samples from Madonna's "Vogue" (1990), was released August 6, 2022, and titled the "Queens Remix". In the bridge of the Queens Remix, Beyoncé name-drops Black female entertainers such as Jill Scott, Lizzo, Rihanna, Whitney Houston, Grace Jones, and Nicki Minaj. Harry Staal Harry Staal (born 10 February 1909) was a Dutch professional boxer. He competed in the heavyweight category. He competed internationally and fought between 1932 and 1947. Staal made his debut on 7 November 1932 in Rotterdam against Belgian Louis Wilms and won (KO). During his career he had 69 fights, winning 32 of them (30 losses, 6 draws). Staal fought among others against Belgian Pierre Charles, German Kurt Hayman, Canadian Larry Gains, Canadian Al Delaney, Irish Jack Doyle, Swedish Anne Anderson, British Jack Petiffer and British Midlands champion Frank Borrington. Staal became national champion in 1937 and 1939. During World War II Staal and his Jewish girlfriend were arrested by and taken to Amersfoort concentration camp. His manager Theo Huizenaar, who had his own boxing location, was able to release Staal. Huizenaar requested that he needed Staal for a boxing fight. Pressured by German boxing promotor Walter Englert, the Germans let Staal go but not his girlfriend. Dark City (1950 movie) Dark City is a 1950 American crime drama movie directed by William Dieterle and was based on the story "No Escape" by Larry Marcus. It stars Charlton Heston, Lizabeth Scott, Dean Jagger, Ed Begley, Harry Morgan, Jack Webb, Viveca Lindfors and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. Deep South Wrestling Deep South Wrestling (DSW) was a professional wrestling promotion based out of McDonough, Georgia. Deep South worked with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) from 2005 until April 18 2007. It was a place for wrestlers to train. Deep South was owned by the former director of WCW Power Plant, Jody Hamilton. History. DSW held their first show on September 1st 2005. On December 1st Deep South crowned Mike Mizanin as their first heavyweight champion. On April 18th 2007, DSW closed. It was closed WWE ended its relationship all the performers still under contract with DSW and began working with Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW). On April 30th 2009, DSW filed a lawsuit against in WWE. The lawsuit said that WWE committed breach of contract and intentional interference with contractual and business relations. The company had previously operated in Lovejoy, Georgia from 1986 to 1988. It was reopened in Griffin, Georgia by former WWE referee. Nick Patrick in 2021. West Caribbean Airways Flight 708 West Caribbean Airways Flight 708 was a charter flight that suffered an accident in the Sierra de Perijá, in the State of Zulia in Venezuela in the early hours of Tuesday, August 16, 2005, killing all 152 passengers and eight crew members. The plane, a McDonnell Douglas MD-82 with registration HK-4374X, was flying the Panama City-Martinique route. Other accidents. August 2005 was a dark month for commercial aviation. It also included the tragedies of Helios Airways Flight 522 and TANS Peru Flight 204, among others. It was the most serious air disaster of 2005. Airline. The Airline started a charter service in 1998. It specialized in flights to San Andrés in the Caribbean, and various areas of Colombia and Central America. West Carribean lost a turboprop Let L-410 Turbolet in March 2005 taking off from the Colombian island of Providencia in an accident in which 8 people were killed and 6 injured. In addition to the damaged MD-82, the airline's fleet included two McDonnell Douglas MD-81s, three Aérospatiale ATR 42s, and six Let L-410 Turbolets. Crew. The captain of flight 708, Omar Ospina, 40, and the 21-year-old first officer, David Muñoz. The captain had 5,942 hours of experience, and the co-pilot 1,341 hours. Accident. While flying at 33,000 feet, the aircraft's speed decreased until it stalled. The crew, probably under the mistaken belief that the aircraft had suffered a double engine failure, did not take the necessary measures to recover from the loss of lift. After falling about 7,000 feet per minute with the engines at rest, the plane crashed in to mountains of northwestern Venezuela, in a cattle ranch near Machiques in the western state of Zulia (about 30 kilometers from the border with Colombia). Alitalia Flight 404 Alitalia Flight 404, operated by a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 aircraft, crashed near Zürich Airport, Switzerland on November 14, 1990. The aircraft with forty-six people on board made a controlled flight into the mountain Stadlerberg, five mile track. All 46 people on board were killed. Investigation. A Swiss investigation concluded that the accident was caused by a short circuit. This caused the aircraft's NAV receiver to fail.  The malfunction went unnoticed by the crew. They may believed they were on the correct flight path until the accident. Swiss authorities also blamed bad management of crew resources, exemplified when the captain vetoed the first officer's round trip attempt, along with the absence of lighting on Stadlerberg mountain and a known issue with misreading. of the aircraft drum pointer altimeter. The final report from the Federal Board of Aircraft Accident Investigation called for several important changes and made further recommendations. Fatal decision. The first officer had started a go-around but the captain stopped it. He said, "Hold the glide slope, can you hold it?". The first officer replied, "Yes". Investigators working with McDonnell Douglas concluded that, if the captain had not interrupted the go-around, the disaster would have been avoided. Investigators believe that the reason for the bad call was that the captain was completely dissatisfied with the first officer's performance during the flight. As a result, the captain showed a lack of trust in his first officer. Communist Party of Germany The Communist Party of Germany was a major political party in the Weimar Republic between 1918 and 1933. It was an underground resistance movement in Nazi Germany. DeWitt, Michigan DeWitt is a city in Clinton County, Michigan, United States. Gladstone, Michigan Gladstone is a city in Delta County, Michigan, United States. 1961 Census of Manipur The 1961 Census of Manipur was a census held in Manipur, India every ten years. The population of Manipur was counted as 780,037 people. Out of the total population, 514,667 people (about 2/3rd of the total population) live in the valley. Out of the total population, 265,370 persons (about 1/3rd of the total population) live in the surrounding hills. The largest population of Manipur is the Meiteis, also known as the Manipuris. Population by districts and subdivisions. The census data recorded the following information. Language data. In the 1961 census, Meitei language (also known as Manipuri language) speakers account for 64.66 percent of the total population of Manipur. There were 6,466 Meitei native speakers in every 10,000 people of Manipur, as stated in the census reports. Tangkhul and Thadou languages came to the second and the third places, following Meitei. Religious demographics. In the 1961 census, Hinduism was the largest religion in Manipur. It was followed by 61.68 percent of the total population of Manipur. Around 12.39 percent of the total population didn't have the option to add the names of their religions as not provided by the census authority. So, "others" was their option. Family of Mike Pence Mike Pence, the 48th Vice President of the United States from 2017–2021; has family members who are notable in politics and academics. Pence's immediate family used to be the Second Family of the United States from 2021 to 2021. Kingsford, Michigan Kingsford is a city in Dickinson County, Michigan, United States. Eaton Rapids, Michigan Eaton Rapids is a city in Eaton County, Michigan, United States. Olivet, Michigan Olivet is a city in Eaton County, Michigan, United States. Potterville, Michigan Potterville is a city in Eaton County, Michigan, United States. Beaverton, Michigan Beaverton is a city in Gladwin County, Michigan, United States. Michel Blavet Michel Blavet (March 13, 1700 October 28, 1768) was a French flautist, bassoonist, and composer. He wrote sonatas and a concerto for the flute. Life. Blavet was born in Besançon. He taught himself to play musical instruments. He played the flute and bassoon. He moved to Paris in 1723. He performed at the Concert Spirituel. He was asked to work for Frederick the Great. However, he refused. He played the flute in King Louis XV's orchestra. He also played the flute at the Paris Opéra. Music. Blavet wrote flute sonatas and flute duets. He also wrote some operas. He wrote one flute concerto in A minor. Early human migrations Early human migrations means the way archaic and modern humans moved out of Africa and across continents. About two million years ago, "Homo erectus" groups moved out of Africa. This has been known for some time, because a few of their skulls have been found in Asia. One example was found in China before WWII, and lost during the fighting. Other examples have since been found in various parts of Asia. The first migration was followed by other early human species including "H. heidelbergensis". This lived about 500,000 years ago. It was the likely ancestor of Denisovans and Neanderthals, as well as modern humans. Early hominids probably "crossed land bridges that were eventually covered in water". It is worth remembering that the Earth was generally much colder, with more ice bridges than the present world. The migrating modern human populations are known to have interbred (mated) with earlier local populations. Therefore, modern human populations are descended in small part (below 10% contribution) from regional varieties of archaic humans. Dover Beaches South, New Jersey Dover Beaches South, more commonly known as Ortley Beach, is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Toms River, in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the CDP's population was 1,209. Kenilworth, New Jersey Kenilworth is a borough in Union County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 7,914. Jaylon Ferguson Jaylon O'Neal Ferguson (December 14, 1995 – June 22, 2022) was an American football outside linebacker and defensive end. He played for the Baltimore Ravens from 2019 until 2021. Ferguson died in Baltimore, Maryland on June 22, 2022, at the age of 26. Al Delaney Alex Borshuk better known as Al Delaney (14 June 1916 — 25 April 1994) was a professional Canadian boxer from Oshawa. He competed in the heavyweight category between 1931 and 1945. Born in Oshawa, Borshuk lived as a teenager in Windsor. He attended W. D. Lowe High School, where he started competing in athletics of the school's team. He was specialized in the throwing events and won the gold medal in the shot put event at the Western Ontario Secondary Schools Athletic Association in 1931. Borshuk started boxing at a young age, and started competing as an amateur boxer at the age of 15 on 19 June 1931 in Windsor against Henry Ule. When he was 18 years old in 1934 he became professional. In May 1941 he became national champion beating Terrence Warrington after a 12-round match. During his career he had 103 fights, winning 65 of them (31 losses, 7 draws). Borshuk is induces in the Windsor / Essex county Sports Hall of Fame in 1992. Two years later he died on 25 April 1994. He is featured at the Champs Mural (993 Drouillard Road) in Windsor. James Rado James Alexander Radomski (January 23, 1932 – June 21, 2022), known professionally as James Rado, was an American actor, playwright, director, and composer. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He was best known as the co-author of the 1967 musical "Hair". He was nominated for a Tony Award in 1969 and won a Grammy Award that same year. Rado died of cardiopulmonary arrest on June 21, 2022 at a hospital in New York City at the age of 90. Yves Coppens Yves Coppens (9 August 1934 – 22 June 2022) was a French anthropologist. He studied ancient hominids. In 2014, he became a member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. He also helped make documentaries about hominids such as "A Species Odyssey". He played an important role in discovering "Lucy". Coppens died on 22 June 2022 at the age of 87. Jonny Nilsson Erling Martin Jonny Nilsson (9 February 1943 – 22 June 2022) was a Swedish competitive speed skater. He won a gold medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics. Nilsson died on 22 June 2022 at the age of 79. Jüri Tarmak Jüri Tarmak (21 July 1946 – 22 June 2022) was an Estonian high jumper. He competed for the Soviet Union. He won a gold medal at the 1972 Summer Olympics. Tarmak died on 22 June 2022 in Tallinn, Estonia at the age of 75. Gerardo Clemente Vega Gerardo Clemente R. Vega García (28 March 1940 – 22 June 2022) was a Mexican general and politician. He was the Secretary of National Defense from 2000 until 2006 during the Vicente Fox administration. Vega was born in Puebla de Zaragoza, Mexico. Vega died on 22 June 2022 in Mérida, Mexico at the age of 82. Sphaenorhynchus surdus Cochran's lime tree frog ("Sphaenorhynchus surdus") is a frog. It lives in Brazil. Adil Hanif Adil Hanif was born 25 February, 1978 in Lahore, Pakistan. He played four Twenty20 Internationals for Bahrain in January 2019. Katie Britt Katie Britt (née Boyd; born February 2, 1982) is an American politician, attorney and businesswoman. She is the Republican Party's nominee for the United States Senate in Alabama for the 2022 election. She was president and CEO of the Business Council of Alabama from 2018 to 2021. She also was the chief of staff for U.S. Senator Richard Shelby from 2016 to 2018. In June 2021, Britt announced her candidacy in the Republican primary for the 2022 Senate election. Britt has supported Donald Trump's claims of fraud in the 2020 presidential election. Britt won the Republican nomination in June 2022, beating U.S. Representative Mo Brooks in the run-off. Britt is married to Wesley Britt, a former NFL player. They live in Montgomery, Alabama and have two children. Tiger Warrington Terrence "Tiger" Warrington (12 April 1914 — 9 March 1978) was a professional Canadian boxer from Liverpool, Nova Scotia. He competed in the light heavyweight and heavyweight category between 1934 and 1952. Warrington was ranked by Ring magazine in the top-10 best light-heavyweight boxers worldwide. He became Canadian light heavyweight champion in 1935 and Canadian heavyweight champion in 1936. Warrington is induced in the Nova Scotia Sport Hall of Fame. Since 2018 Warrington has a statue located on Liverpool's waterfront in Privateer Park. Arabic languages Arabic languages include Algerian, Lebanese, North African Arabic and many other variants. Eddie Wenstob Eddie Wenstob also known as Canadian Cowboy (born 1 January 1914) was a professional Canadian boxer. He competed in the light heavyweight category between 1934 and 1941. Wenstob became Canadian light heavy weight Champion. He was ranked 3rd worldwide in the light heavy weight category. Wenstob was induced into the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame in 2006. Alana de la Garza Alana de la Garza (born June 18, 1976) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Connie Rubirosa on the NBC television series "Law & Order", ', and in '. She also played Marisol Delko-Caine on '. From 2016 to 2017, she was in ', playing Clara Seger. She also plays Isobel Castille on "FBI" and "". De la Garza was born to a Mexican American father and an Irish American mother in Columbus, Ohio. She was raised in El Paso, Texas. Pressure ulcer Pressure ulcers, also known as pressure sores, bed sores or pressure injuries, are damage to the skin and/or tissue that happen over a bony because of have a lot of pressure on it usually cause by a sitting or laying in bed for a long period of time. The most common sites are the skin overlying the sacrum, coccyx, heels, and hips. Other sites can be affected, such as the elbows, knees, ankles, back of shoulders, or the back of the cranium. Rima Melati Marjolein Tambayong, better known by her stage name Rima Melati (22 August 1937 – 23 June 2022) was an Indonesian actress and singer. She was born in Tondano, then-Dutch East Indies. She was known for her roles in "Laki-Laki Tak Bernama", "Wadjah Seorang Laki-laki" and "Max Havelaar". Melati was also known for supporting breast cancer research in Indonesia. Melati died on 23 June 2022 at a hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia from sepsis caused by a pressure ulcer, aged 84. 2021 Honduran general election General elections were held in Honduras on 28 November 2021. In this election, voters got to elect the President of Honduras, to replace Juan Orlando Hernández. Also up for election are the 128 deputies of the National Congress, 20 deputies to the , 298 mayors and 298 vice mayors, as well as 2,092 council members. Xiomara Castro of Libre was elected president, which made her the first female president-elect of Honduras, the person with the most vote in the history of Honduras, and ended 12 years of conservative National Party rule. Nasry Asfura Nasry Juan Asfura Zablah (born 8 June 1958), also known as Tito Asfura, is a Honduran politician. He served as a deputy of the National Congress of Honduras. He was mayor of his nation's capital of Tegucigalpa from 2014 to 2022. He unsuccessfully ran for President of Honduras in the 2021 election. Sally Greengross, Baroness Greengross Sally Ralea Greengross, Baroness Greengross, OBE (née Rosengarten; 29 June 1935 – 23 June 2022) was a British politician. She was honored with an OBE in the 1993 New Year's Honours. In 2000, she became a member of the House of Lords. Greengross was Director General of Age Concern England from 1987 until 2000. She also worked for King's College London. Greengross died on 23 June 2022, one week before her 87th birthday. Lil Tjay Tione Jayden Merritt (born April 30, 2001), known professionally as Lil Tjay, is an American rapper and singer. He became known in 2018 with his song "Resume". He was later signed to Columbia Records that year. His stage name comes from from the first letter of his first name and first three letters of his middle name. His first album, "True 2 Myself", was released in 2019. "True 2 Myself" debuted at number 5 on the "Billboard" 200. His second studio album, "Destined 2 Win", was released in 2021. His is best known for his single "Calling My Phone". On June 22, 2022, Merritt was shot multiple times during an attempted robbery in Edgewater, New Jersey. He had emergency surgery. His friend, Antoine Boyd, was also shot. Edgewater, New Jersey Edgewater is a borough near the Hudson River in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, 11,513 people lived there. Pink tide The pink tide (, , ), or the turn to the left (, , ), was a political wave and influence of left-wing governments in Latin American with a second pink tide starting in the late 2010s. Background. The pink tide showed some countries moving away from the neoliberal economic model at the start of the 21st century. During this wave, many Latin and South American countries supported economic progressive or social progressive policies. Decline. The pink tide was followed by the conservative wave, a political wave that began in the early 2010s as a direct reaction to the pink tide, in which many pink tide countries later elected conservative presidents. Some saw the death of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez with the rise of this replacement Nicolas Maduro, the impeachment of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff, the election of Mauricio Macri as President of Argentina and Ecuadorian President Rafael Correa's retirement as key reasons for the pink tide's decline and the rise of the conservative wave. Second pink tide. A second pink tide has been seen in the late 2010s to early 2020s as there was a rise in left-wing politicians being elected presidents. It was first seen in Mexico in 2018 and Argentina in 2019. Other left-wing victories were later seen in Bolivia in 2020, along with Peru in 2021, Honduras in 2021, Chile in 2021, Colombia in 2022, and Brazil in 2022. Many violent protests against austerity laws and income inequality, starting in 2019 such as with the 2019–20 Chilean protests, 2019–2020 Colombian protests, 2019 Ecuadorian protests, and the 2021 Colombian protests, are seen as key factors for the pink tide's return. Pink tide leaders. These are the left-wing and centre-left presidents who were elected during the pink tide in Latin America since 1999. Centre-left presidents have a * next to them. Daniel Scioli Daniel Osvaldo Scioli (, ; born 13 January 1957) is an Argentine politician and businessman. He was Vice President of Argentina from 2003 to 2007 and Governor of Buenos Aires Province from 2011 to 2015. From 2020 to 2022 he was Argentina's ambassador to Brazil. In 2022, he became the Minister of Production in the cabinet of Alberto Fernández. He was president of the Justicialist Party. He ran for President of Argentina in the 2015 general elections, and lost to Mauricio Macri in a runoff election. Eemian The Eemian was the last interglacial period of the Pleistocene. It began about 130,000 years ago, and ended about 115,000 years ago at the beginning of the last glacial period. The Holocene is the present interglacial. The Eemian is part of the Middle Paleolithic. It is of some interest to the evolution of "anatomically modern" humans. Modern humans existed at that time. Other names. The Eemian is known as the Ipswichian in the UK, the Mikulin interglacial in Russia, the Valdivia interglacial in Chile and the Riss-Würm interglacial in the Alps. Depending on how a specific publication defines the Sangamonian Stage of North America, the Eemian is equivalent to either all or part of it. Climate. The Eemian climate was, on average, about 1° to 2°C (1.8° to 3.6°F) warmer than that of the Holocene. During the Eemian, the proportion of CO2 in the atmosphere was about 280 parts per million. To give an idea of how warm it was, in Britain hippos were in the Thames and other rivers, and elephants were on land. There are bones of large mammals under Trafalgar Square in London. The interglacial used to be called the "Trafalgar Square stage", and sometimes still is. Whistling duck The whistling ducks or tree ducks (Genus: "Dendrocygna") are a subfamily of the duck, goose and swan family of birds, Anatidae. In other taxonomy, they are considered a separate family called Dendrocygnidae. Species. There are eight species of whistling ducks, most of them live in or near the tropics, in a place where there is fresh water. Whistling ducks feed mainly on small animals and plants. Whistling ducks travel in flocks and migrate seasonally. Barney & Friends Barney & Friends is an Canadian and American children's television series that is mostly targeted at children ages 2–7. It was created by Sheryl Leach and produced by Nelvana. It premiered on PBS on April 6, 1992. The series is about Barney, a purple anthropomorphic "Tyrannosaurus rex" who gives educational messages through songs and small dance routines with a friendly, optimistic attitude. The last episode aired on November 2, 2010. Reruns aired on Sprout from 2005 until 2015, and have aired since December 17, 2018 under Sprout's new name Universal Kids. It also aired internationally and on Peacock for "I Love You, You Hate Me on October 12, 2022. Boardcast. TVO Knowledge Network and YTV (Canada) PBS Kids (United States) PBS (Thailand) EBS 1 (South Korea) TiJi (France) Playhouse Disney (Spain Latin America and Portugal) Okto (Singapore) Harry Reid International Airport Harry Reid International Airport is an international airport in Paradise, Nevada. It is the main government airport for the public in the Las Vegas Valley. The airport is named after U.S. Senator Harry Reid. From 1968 until 2021, the airport was called McCarran International Airport, and before 1968 it was named McCarran Field, after U.S Senator Pat McCarran. Daniel K. Inouye International Airport Daniel K. Inouye International Airport , also known as Honolulu International Airport, is the main airport of Oahu in the State of Hawaii. The airport is named after Honolulu U.S. Senator Daniel K. Inouye. The airport is in the Honolulu census-designated place three miles (5 km) northwest of Honolulu's central business district. Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport is a civil-military public airport east of downtown Phoenix, in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. It is Arizona's largest and busiest airport. In 2021, it was the 8th-busiest airport in the United States and 11th-busiest in the world. Salt Lake City International Airport Salt Lake City International Airport is a civil-military airport about west of Salt Lake City, Utah, in the United States. San Diego International Airport San Diego International Airport , formerly known as Lindbergh Field, is an international airport northwest of Downtown San Diego, California, United States. The San Diego County Regional Airport Authority owns and operates the airport. Kinetic Art Kinetic art is depiction of motion in art objects. Kinetic art is a term that today most often refers to three-dimensional sculptures. "Manifesto of Futurism" written by the Italian poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti and published in 1909 was first document who emphasized the need of speed, changes. Kinetic art originated in the 20-30s of the XX century. Experiments in creating dynamic plastics are found in futurism, Dadaism, Bauhaus and Russian constructivism. Björn Koreman Björn Koreman (born 6 March 1991) is a Dutch long-distance runner competing in the marathon. His trainer is Bram Wassenaar. Biography. Koreman played football for a few months when he was four years old. He switched to playing handball as his sister played handball and his mother was on the board of the handball club. He played at the highest youth level, but stopped while attending high school. He wasn’t focus on sports and also smoked from the age of 13 until 22. He started training seriously when he was 24 years old. A few years later, when he broke up with his girlfriend in 2018 he started increasing his training sessions and ran 10 weeks in a row 100 kilometers per week. Half a year later he finished seventh at the Dutch National Marathon Championship. Later he finished second in the . In December 2020 he set a time at the Wien Marathon of 2:11.07 reaching the Dutch time limit for the 2020 Summer Olympics. Since January 2021 he represents the NN Running Team. In March 2021 he broke two ribs in an attempt to catch a shoplifter. He was injured for two months and wasn’t able to qualify for the delayed 2020 Summer Olympics (as multiple runners ran the time limit). At the 2022 Rotterdam Marathon he set a new personal best of 2 hours 10 minutes and 32 seconds and qualified with the time for the marathon event at the 2022 European Championships in München. List of monarchs of Iran This list is a list of monarchs of Iran. List. Medes Achaemenid Empire Parthian Empire Sasanian Empire Safavid Empire Afsharid Empire Zand Empire Qajar Empire Pahlavi Empire Beach Picnic (movie) Beach Picnic is the animated short film a Donald Duck. Piet Brand Piet Brand (30 June 1904 - 20 September 1981) was a Dutch boxer from Rotterdam. He competed in the light heavyweight category. He competed at international competitions including under contract in the United States. He fought between 1922 and 1934 and became multiple times national champion. Career. Brand made his debut on 24 May 1922 in Rotterdam against Moup Van Ploegh and won. During his career he had 74 fights, winning 40 of them (26 losses, 8 draws). In March 1926 Brand became national champion in the light heavyweight category after winning met a knock out from Herman van 't Hof. The next year, in April 1927 he defended succesfully his national title in a match against Arie van Vliet after the match was stopped due to medical concertns of the ear of Van Vliet. In 1928 Brand became national light heavyweight champion, after Herman van 't Hof failed to defend the title. In 1929 Brand signed a contract with American boxing manager Tom O'Rourke for three years. However, Brand was only able to get a visa for half a year. During these six months in the United States he fought in Bronx against Ralph Ficucello and in Philadelphia against Billy Jones, Matt Adgie and Tiger Jack Payne. In April 1934 Brand became national champion, after winning from Rienus de Boer. Personal life. Brand was born on 30 June 1904. During his stay in the United States in 1930 he got engaged with Dutch swimmer To de Jel (1906-1992). After having had their reception in October 1930, they married on 29 January 1931. Brand had a thrift shop at the "Jagthuisstraat" in Rotterdam. Brand died on 20 September 1981 at the age of 77. He is burried in Voorburg, together with his wife who died eleven years later in 1992. It's a Mystery It's a Mystery is the fifteenth studio album by Bob Seger. The album was released on October 24, 1995. Couldn't Get It Right Couldn't Get It Right is a 1976 song by British blues rock band Climax Blues Band and is from their eighth album "Gold Plated". It peaked at number 10 in the UK, number 3 in USA, number 8 in Canada and Ireland, number 9 in South Africa and number 29 in New Zealand. It was used in the opening credits to "Bob the Builder" and in an episode of "Fringe". Michael Bracewell (cricketer) Michael Gordon Bracewell was born 14 February, 1991 in Masterton. He is a New Zealand cricketer who has played for Otago and Wellington in the Plunket Shield and scored 141 not out in the Super Smash to record the highest Twenty20 score in New Zealand cricket in 2021/22. He is the nephew of John Bracewell and Brendon Bracewell. He is the cousin of Doug Bracewell. LAPA Flight 3142 LAPA Flight 3142 was a domestic scheduled passenger flight operated by a Boeing 737-204C registration LV-WRZ. On August 31, 1999, it caused the fourth most serious accident in the history of Argentine aviation. 65 people were killed. Background. It was to leave from the Jorge Newbery Airport in the city of Buenos Aires at 8:36 p.m. on that day. It was bound for the Ingeniero Taravella Airport in the city of Córdoba. They were carrying 98 passengers and 5 crew members. Due to some inconveniences in engine no. 1, 4 take-off positions were lost while the mechanics checked it and finally it was located at the head of the runway. At 8:54 p.m. (local time), during the takeoff operation, the aircraft did not take off and continued its flight beyond the limits of the airport. It crossed the "Avenida Costanera Rafael Obligado" Street. The plane dragged a car that was circulating. It finally collided with road machines, an embankment and a gas regulating plant. The loss of fuel and the gas expelled by the rupture of the plant caused a fire that killed most of the passengers who had survived the crash. Investigation. The Argentinean Civil Aviation Accident Investigation Board (JIAAC) established that the "immediate cause" of the accident was the pilot Gustavo Weigel's failure to extend the flaps to increase the aircraft's lift. In addition, the alarm that alerted about the wrong position of the flaps were ignored for 52 seconds. The pilots continued to taxi, and let the aircraft exceed V1 speed or decision speed, which once reached made it impossible to stop the takeoff. The report found that there was serious negligence on the part of the captain Gustavo Weigel and first officer Luis Etcheverry, who died in the accident, as well as a series of shortcomings on the part of the airline. Piedras Negras, Coahuila Piedras Negras (), is a city and capital of the municipality of the same name in the state of Coahuila de Zaragoza, Mexico, it is located in the most northeastern part of the state and has a metropolitan population of 245,155 inhabitants and borders with the texan city of Eagle Pass and is connected to it through three international bridges. History. It was founded by 34 men who would settle on the western side of the Rio Grande on June 15, 1850 as Nueva Villa de Herrera, due to the establishment of Fort Duncan on the US side. in 1880 coal reserves would be discovered and then a railway would be built between 1881 and 83 and on December 1, 1888 it would be elevated to the rank of city and would be renamed Ciudad Porfirio Díaz although after the fall of Díaz in 1911 it would be renamed to his name original. It would suffer a flood on April 26, 2004 where 31 people would die, and on April 24, 2007 it would be affected by an F4 Tornado where three people would die while seven people would die in Eagle Pass, and between June 14 and 15, 2013, 10,000 houses would flooded due to the rise of the river, where there would only be one fatality. Events. On October 21 of each year, International Nacho Day is celebrated where a three-day Nacho Fest is celebrated in the United States and Mexico since the 90s where in 1940 Ignacio "Nacho" Anaya García invented the nacho at the Victory Club restaurant In this city. The Annual Bike Fest is also celebrated where for three consecutive days there are concerts, food sales, acrobatic shows, etc. where it ends with a raffle for a new motorcycle. Natural resources. This region generates a large amount of the national production of coal, one of the most economically important non-metallic minerals in the state. Elfen Lied is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Lynn Okamoto. It was originally serialized in Shueisha's "Weekly Young Jump" from June 2002 to August 2005, with the 107 chapters collected into twelve "tankōbon" volumes. "Elfen Lied" revolves around the interactions, views, emotions, and differences between human beings and the Diclonii, a mutant species similar to humans in build but distinguishable by two horns on their heads and "vectors", transparent telekinetically controlled arms that have the power to manipulate and cut objects within their reach. The series is centered on the teenage Diclonius girl "Lucy" who was rejected by human beings and subsequently wants revenge. The series' title is German for "Elves' Song" or more formally "song of the elves" and takes its name from the song "Elfenlied", which is featured in the story. "Elfen Lied" involves themes of discrimination, social alienation, identity, prejudice, revenge, abuse, jealousy, regret, and the value of humanity. Back to childhood Back to Childhood (Arabic: الرجوع الي الطفولة) is a biography of Moroccan writer Layla Abu Zeid about a woman who has been in Moroccan society for a long time, excluded and silent, as well as exposing herself to her privacy. "When I wrote my first article in the late 1960s, I didn't even dare to sign it in my real name," the author says in the introduction about herself. When I wrote my first novel, I left the heroine's town unnamed, because it was my town. In other words, I had to wait many years before I dared write my autobiography. Even when I did so, I did not do it on my own, but because Professor Elizabeth Verna, a well-known American expert on Middle East affairs, asked me, in addition to being directed to a foreign audience, to allow me to correct possible preconceptions about Islam and Muslim women. " The meaning of the novel. The true significance of the novel is that the author lived through a period in which the feminist side was suppressed in the literary sphere and wanted to break that barrier, highlight its side and achieve equality. Another reason is to motivate aspirants who have been prevented by obstacles and problems from achieving their goals. Laila Abu Zeid lived through her childhood in the colonial and post-independence period, which was difficult for the Moroccan people, yet she continued to progress to what it is now. The reason she chose the title of the novel "Back to Childhood" was because she wanted to remember the mother's element she had in her childhood and lost in her eldest. Summary. The novel's summary consists of four sequential and integrated chapters, each of which presents part of the journey back In one chapter, Leila tells about her childhood and about her father's imprisonment in Rabat for leaking information from the French Department of Patriots, using his job as an interpreter in the French administration. After that, to talk about her mother Fatima's suffering and move her between Safro and Rabat weekly to visit her husband, The author presents the attitudes faced by the mother in which she portrays the control of Moroccan women's customs and traditions at the time, as illustrated by the unfolding scenes she experienced from her husband's family s property, which she had finally returned to her on the pretext of her husband And Leila moves in a class to take up her entry stage to French school and talks about her friends, Her games, her memories at Grandma's House, her grit, her endless songs and tales She also speaks of the persecution she suffered in preventing her from fasting by the supervisor and other situations, Leyla tells of her transition to the White People, her father's release and his rejoining of the patriots and about her mother's help to him with news and arms before he was remanded in prison, Then, after the return of Mohammed V and the independence of the country, Pasha appointed him to the city of Bani Melal, And about his return to prison life after being caught at a liberation meeting And his wife and daughters found out about his mistress at a court hearing, which invited them to miss him for a few hearings, He was surprised after the expiration of his sentence and his departure from prison that his daughter Leila had held one of the positions of the opposite State in her approach to his principles. The house became an unfinished arena of discussion between the two parties, and Ahmed Abu Zeid dies without answering Layla's questions. to make the real events told by the author from Lila a powerful woman who has been able to overcome the past by stepping out of her experience and resorting to writing to empty her interior. James Drees James Henry Drees (July 6, 1930 – June 20, 2022) was an American politician. He was born in Manning, Iowa. He was in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1995 to 2001 as a member of the Democratic Party. Drees died on June 20, 2022 in Carroll, Iowa at the age of 91. New York Mills, Minnesota New York Mills is a city in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,294 at the 2020 census. Ernane Galvêas Ernane Galvêas (1 October 1922 – 23 June 2022) was a Brazilian economist and politician. He was president of the Central Bank of Brazil from 1968 to 1974 and again from 1979 to 1980. He was also Minister of the Economy from 1980 to 1985. Galvêas was born in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Brazil. Galvêas died on 23 June 2022 at a hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from problems caused by throat cancer surgery at the age of 99. Cachoeiro de Itapemirim Cachoeiro de Itapemirim () is a city in the south of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The population is about 210,000. Kid Icarus (series) Kid Icarus sometime known in Japan as is the platform video game series developed by Nintendo R&D1 and published by Nintendo. The player can control Pit, a main character of the series. Every series he's got a power to defeat Palutena. Myrrh Myrrh was one of the three gifts brought to the infant Jesus by the Three Wise Men. It is, like frankincense, a gum-resin from a tree. The question as to why, out of three gifts, the wise men should bring two similar gum-resins, is puzzling. It certainly means they were highly valued at the time. Myrrh could be added to wine. It has some analgesic properties, and is used in traditional Chinese and Indian remedies. Exodus 30:23–25 says Moses was to use 500 shekels of liquid myrrh as an ingredient of the sacred anointing oil. 1951 Census of Manipur The 1951 Census of Manipur was a census held in Manipur, India every ten years. Language data. In the 1951 census, Meitei language (also known as Manipuri language) speakers account for 65.29% of the total population of Manipur. Tondabayashi is a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Population. From Japanese census data, Chogha Zanbil Chogha Zanbil () is an ancient site located in Khuzestan Province, Iran. This site was built by the Elam civilization. This place is one of the few ziggurats outside Mesopotamia. To de Jel To Brand-de Jel (4 July 1906 - 3 August 1992) was a Dutch freestyle swimmer from Rotterdam. De Jel was a member of the swimming club Onderlinge Dameszwemclub representing the club at national and international competitions. In 1925 she finished second at the national championships in the 100 metres freestyle. With Onderlinge Dameszwemclub she swam together with Truus Baumeister, Marie Baron and Marie Braun the Dutch national record in the 4x 50m freestyle in July 1926. De Jel was also 3000 metres record holder. With Onderlinge Dameszwemclub she also competed internationally, including in Brussels in 1925, and Duisburg in 1926. Personal life. De Jel was born on 4 July 1906. De Jel got engaged in 1930 with professional boxer Piet Brand when he was boxing in the United States. After having had their reception in October 1930, they married on 29 January 1931. De Jel died on 3 August 1992 at the age of 86. She is burried in Voorburg, together with his husband Brand who died 11 years earlier in 1981. Sphaenorhynchus dorisae Doris's lime tree frog ("Sphaenorhynchus dorisae") is a frog. It lives in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Scientists think it may also live in Bolivia. Scientists have seen it between 50 and 300 meters above sea level. The adult male frog is 26 to 29 mm long from nose to rear end. This frog is green with small white and yellow spots. The iris of the eye is bronze in color. This frog sits on plants in the water. It stays in pools, large lakes, and flooded places. Scientists have seen it near "Pistia" plants. HM Prison Manchester HM Prison Manchester is a high-security men's prison in Manchester, England. Herman van 't Hof Herman van 't Hof (19 February 1903 — 25 July 1980) was a Dutch boxer and boxing club owner from Rotterdam. He competed at international competitions and fought between 1921 and 1929. Van 't Hof is the only Dutch professional boxer who became in three different weight classes national champion. In 1926 he was the light heavyweight European champion. During his career he had 67 fights, winning 52 of them (12 losses, 2 draws). Biography. Boxer. Van 't Hof started as an amateur and made his debut on 26 August 1921 in Antwerp against Arthur van Maroey. At his first South Holland Championships he won the title after winning three matches in a row at one evening. As an amateur boxer he won several national titles. Van 't Hof became professional in 1921 at the age of 18. In 1922 he became national champion in the lightweight category after winning from Piet Dijksman with a knock-out in the second round. Later he became also national champion in the middleweight category, light heavyweight category and again in the middleweight category. Van 't Hof is the only Dutch boxer ever who became national champion in three different weight classes. In January 1926 he won the match for the European light heavyweight title against the Swiss Louis Clement. He lost his title later to Fernand Delarge in July 1926 in what was told to be an “easy match”. In winning position he went knock out due to inattention in the 15th round. Van ‘t Hof tried to regain the European title in January 1927 from Delarge, but lost after in the 15th round due to medical indication. Boxing was banned in the Netherlands after a tragic death of Dirk Romme and his manager Freek Braak became unemployed. Van 't Hof went to England. After a fight against Sid Turner that he didn’t win, the press wrote great stories about him. Sporting Life even compared Van 't Hof to the French world champion, writing the “rebirth of Carpentier” and “the Netherlands is becoming a boxing nation”. He was successful, winning 11 of the 15 fights in 1923 he had 15 fights. It was after his career criticized whether it was responsible and sensible competing in so many heavy fights in such a short period. He had 16 more fights after he returned, including fighting the legendary German Max Schmeling. His last fight was against Paul Hofman on Christmas Day in 1929 and beating him in the 8th round with a knock out. Boxing gym. After his own career, Van 't Hof started his own boxing gym in 1930 in the attic in West Rotterdam. In 1938 he moved his boxing gym to another place in Rotterdam. He trained among others national champions Dorus Elten and Bram Eversteijn. During the World War II German bombing of Rotterdam in 1940 his gym was destroyed. He continued with giving private lessons. Later he started again a boxing gym inside the clubhouse of “De Toekomst” in Crooswijk. With help from other he got a larger boxing gym furnished with a fixed ring and warm showers. In 1974 the “Herman van 't Hof Rotterdam Boxing Club” was founded and became an appreciated boxing association. Personal life. He died in 1980 in the residential and care complex Hoppesteijn; located near the current boxing gym. Leo Max Frank Leo Max Frank (April 17, 1884-August 17, 1917) was a Jewish American industrialist. He was superintendent at a pencil factory in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1913, he was accused of the rape and murder of Mary Anne Phagan, an employee at the factory. The attorney who prosecuted Frank was Hugh Dorsey. Dorsey was related to Luther Rosser, who was Frank's defense attorney. The main prosecution witness against Frank was James Conley. Conley was a janitor. He said that Frank asked him to help cover up the murder. Frank and his defense attorneys said that Conley was the real murderer. Before that there had been other suspects in the murder, including James Gantt, a former employee fired by Frank for theft, Arthur Mullinax, who witnesses said they saw with Mary the night of her alleged murder and Paul Bowen, who was arrested at a hotel because a woman said that she heard him confess to the murder but was released for lack of evidence. Frank was convicted of the murder and sentenced to death. Governor John Slaton reduced the sentence to life in prison upon reviewing the evidence. Relatives of Phagan kidnapped Frank from prison and lynched him in 1917. In Atlanta, Frank was president of B'Nai Brith, a quasi-Masonic fraternity for Jews. His case led to the founding of the Anti Defamation League. Şekerpare (movie) Şekerpare is a 1983 Turkish comedy movie. It was directed by Atıf Yılmaz. B'nai B'rith B'Nai Brith is a social organization for Jews. It was founded in October, 1843. Its founders were Freemasons, and although Freemasonry is a completely separate organization it borrowed its symbols and rituals from Freemasonry. The Girl with the Red Scarf The Girl with the Red Scarf () is a 1978 Turkish romantic drama movie directed by Atıf Yılmaz and was based on the short story "The Red Scarf" by Chinghiz Aitmatov. It stars Türkan Şoray, Kadir İnanır, Ahmet Mekin, Hülya Tuğlu, İhsan Yüce, Nurhan Nur, Cengiz Sezici. Hugh Dorsey Hugh Manson Dorsey (1871-1948) was a prosecuting attorney, judge and Governor of Georgia. He was famous for his role as the prosecuting attorney in the murder of industrialist Leo Max Frank in 1913. The Misfortune of Being Ned The Misfortune of Being Ned is a 2013 American animated horror series. It was created by the producers Teen Titans Go! and ThunderCats series Michael Jelenic. It originally aired on Cartoon Network in the United States November 5, 2013 to September 11, 2014. This is produced by Williams Street and Turner Studios distributed by Cartoon Network Productions Ned voice of Yeardley Smith The Fruit of Evolution is a Japanese fantasy light novel series. Michael Jelenic Michael C. Jelenic (born May 12, 1977) is an American television writer, producer, and animator. He is best known for co-developing Teen Titans Go! alongside Aaron Horvath for Cartoon Network. He and Horvath both wrote the feature film Teen Titans Go! To the Movies (2014) and the both wrote the series Cartoon Network's The Misfortune of Being Ned (2013-2014). Aaron Horvath Aaron James Horvath (born August 19, 1980) is an American animator, television writer, producer, and director. He is best known for co-developing Teen Titans Go! with Michael Jelenic and the creator of The Misfortune of Being Ned for Cartoon Network. Teen Titans Go! To the Movies Teen Titans Go! To the Movies is a 2014 American animated superhero musical comedy movie. Basis. It is based on the television series Teen Titans Go!. The television series is based on the DC Comics superhero team of the same name. Production. This movie is written and produced by series developers Michael Jelenic and Aaron Horvath. It was directed by series producer Peter Rida Michail and Horvath. The screenplay was made by Luke Cormican. The events of the movie take place during the fifth season of the series. It is the most recent feature movie to date from Warner Bros. Animation to be released outside of Warner Animation Group, and was the first time on Warner Bros. Pictures released a first theatrical feature movie. Yery Yery, otherwise referred to as Yeru, Ery, Eru or Y (Ы ы, Ы̇ ы̇, Ꙑ ꙑ or Ꙑ̇ ꙑ̇; italics: "Ы" "ы", "Ы̇" "ы̇", "Ꙑ" "ꙑ" or "Ꙑ̇" "ꙑ̇") is a letter in the Cyrillic script. Allenstown, New Hampshire Allenstown is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. Andover, New Hampshire Andover is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. Boscawen, New Hampshire Boscawen is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. Canterbury, New Hampshire Canterbury is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. Danbury, New Hampshire Danbury is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. Dunbarton, New Hampshire Dunbarton is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. Epsom, New Hampshire Epsom is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. Henniker, New Hampshire Henniker is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. Hill, New Hampshire Hill is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. Hooksett, New Hampshire Hooksett is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. Newbury, New Hampshire Newbury is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. Northfield, New Hampshire Northfield is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. Pembroke, New Hampshire Pembroke is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. Salisbury, New Hampshire Salisbury is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. Sutton, New Hampshire Sutton is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. Wilmot, New Hampshire Wilmot is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. Auburn, New Hampshire Auburn is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. Deerfield, New Hampshire Deerfield is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. East Kingston, New Hampshire East Kingston is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. Greenland, New Hampshire Greenland is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. Hampstead, New Hampshire Hampstead is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. Newington, New Hampshire Newington is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. Northwood, New Hampshire Northwood is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. Plaistow, New Hampshire Plaistow is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. Raymond, New Hampshire Raymond is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. Rye, New Hampshire Rye is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. Seabrook, New Hampshire Seabrook is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. South Hampton, New Hampshire South Hampton is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. Stratham, New Hampshire Stratham is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. Windham, New Hampshire Windham is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. Madbury, New Hampshire Madbury is a town in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. Middleton, New Hampshire Middleton is a town in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. Milton, New Hampshire Milton is a town in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. New Durham, New Hampshire New Durham is a town in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. Croydon, New Hampshire Croydon is a town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. Goshen, New Hampshire Goshen is a town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. Grantham, New Hampshire Grantham is a town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. Langdon, New Hampshire Langdon is a town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. Lempster, New Hampshire Lempster is a town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. Plainfield, New Hampshire Plainfield is a town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. Washington, New Hampshire Washington is a town in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. Història de la Marina Catalana The Història de la Marina Catalana (History of the Catalan Navy) is a book written by Arcadi Garcia Sanz. It enumerates all aspects of the Catalan Navy in the trade and in the war, its exploits and conquests, a historic collection ranging from prehistoric times to the present day. Description. The book describes the sea battles, the activities of the seamen, to end detailing aspects of maritime law. Besides explaining the history of the Catalan Navy, the book treats especially the period from the Middle Ages until the 16th century, with the important aspect of the slope of the merchant marine, which made Catalonia one of the trading powers of the Mediterranean. It is not limited to political events and war at sea. It is immersed in the study of the seamen, the organization of maritime transport, vessels, maritime law and commerce, and the knowledge of the Catalans of all ages, in the navigation's art and in the navigation's science. Book Datasheet. Prologue by Jose María Martínez-Hidalgo . Collection. "Aedos Catalan Encyclopedia". (Editorial Aedos, Barcelona 1977), 29.5 cm. 449 p. 15 f. which include appendices and indexes. Profuse illustrations in the text, with 17 sheets enlarged outside the text. Tineke de Jongh Tineke “Tine” de Jongh sometimes written as Tineke de Jong (born 1934 or 1935) was a Dutch athlete, who competed in the long jump and sprint events in the early 1950s. She was a member of athletics club . She broke the national junior records in the long jump and in the 4x 50 metres relay and the senior national record in the 10x 100 metres. She competed in the long jump event at the 1950 European Athletics Championships. Athletics career. De Jongh started with athletics at the end of 1949 with athletics club in Amsterdam. The club had at the time multiple international athletes including Fanny Blankers-Koen. In June 1950 she broke the junior national record in the long jump, after jumping twice a distance over 5.45 metres. In early August 1950 she became with Sagitta junior national champion in the 4x 80 metres relay together with Rita Aronson, Catrien de Goede and IJmke Vaal. During these championships they broke twice the Dutch junior national record. In the heats with a time of 40.7 seconds and in the final 0.1 faster in a time of 40.6 seconds. While improving De Jongh broke her long jump personal record, and so the national junior record to a distance of 5.565 metres. Due to her good results, after not even a year active in athletics, De Jongh was selected to represent the Netherlands at the 1950 European Athletics Championships in Brussels in the long jump event. She was the youngest participant of the Dutch team. With her age of 15 years old, she was too young by the athletics regulations, but was granted a dispensation. To feel comfortable she stayed with family members who lived in Brussels, instead at a family hotel in a suburb of Brussels where the Dutch national team stayed. In the morning of the long jump competition she was very nervous and tried in the morning of the match To try to relax she started playing the piano, but according to herself she was still very nervous. She jumped 5.32 metres, a lot less than her personal best of 5.63 metres, and finished eighth. In 1951 she ran during a club competition 10.8 in the 80 metres, and competed at the national club championships in the long jump. Her last competition of the season was a battle between Sagitta and Zaanland on 22 September. In 1952 she broke with her club Sagitta the national record in the 10x 100 metres relay. Together with Gre de Jongh, Fanny Blankers-Koen, Nel Büch, Sonja van der Stam, Dicky van Dijk, Ina Vervoorn, Rita Huis, Wil Visser and Lieske Kuyper she set a time of 2 minutes and 4.1 second. They were 2.5 seconds faster as old record set 8 years earlier of athletics club Zeeburg. In 1953 she was missed at the National Club Championships. Personal life. De Jongh attended high school in Amsterdam. John Ermine of the Yellowstone John Ermine of the Yellowstone is a 1917 silent American western movie directed by Francis Ford (who also stars) and was based on the novel of the same name by Frederic Remington. Also starring Mae Gaston, Mark Fenton, Duke Worne, Elsie Van Name and was distributed by Universal Pictures. Hard Promises (movie) Hard Promises is a 1991 American romantic comedy movie directed by Martin Davidson and starring Sissy Spacek, William Petersen, Jeff Perry, Brian Kerwin, Mare Winningham, Peter MacNicol, Amy Wright. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures. The Wiz (movie) The Wiz is a 1978 American fantasy musical adventure movie directed by Sidney Lumet and was based on the 1974 musical of the same name by William F. Brown. It stars Michael Jackson, Diana Ross, Richard Pryor, Ted Ross, Nipsey Russell, Lena Horne and was distributed by Universal Pictures. It was nominated for 4 Academy Awards in 1979. I, Robot (movie) I, Robot is a 2004 American German science fiction action movie directed by Alex Proyas and starring Will Smith, Bruce Greenwood, Bridget Moynahan, Shia LaBeouf, James Cromwell, Fiona Hogan, Chi McBride. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was nominated for an Academy Award in 2005. Takaishi, Osaka is a city in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Population. From Japanese census data, Symphony No. 45 (Haydn) Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 45 is a symphony that was written in 1772. It is also called the Farewell symphony. History. Haydn was working for Prince Nikolaus I, Prince Esterházy when he wrote the symphony. He stayed in Eszterháza, a palace in Hungary. Often, he had to stay there for a long time. The musicians who worked the prince wanted to go home. They wanted to see their families. They asked Haydn to help them. So, Haydn wrote the "Farewell" symphony. In the fourth movement, the musicians blew out a candle and left one by one. In the end, only Haydn and Luigi Tomasini stayed. They played the violin. This was meant to be a message to the prince. The musicians wanted to leave. The prince understood the message. So, they left Eszterháza the next day. Music. The symphony is written in the key of F-sharp minor. This symphony is the only symphony to be written in F-sharp minor from the 18th century. The opening of the first movement is written in the "Sturm und Drang" style. The second movement's tempo is adagio. The third movement is a minuet. The fourth movement starts with the tempo of presto. However, in the second half of the movement, the tempo becomes adagio. John Stocker John Stocker (born August 13, 1947) is a Canadian voice actor. His career began in the 1970s. Navarra Television Awards The Navarra Television Awards are awards given by the Navarra Television media outlet since 2016 to recognize the work of those Navarrese who have stood out for different reasons in the Autonomous Community of Navarra. Categories. The prizes are awarded to sports, social, youth, business values and to the exemplary people. The Young Values Award is sponsored by Eroski, the Cultural Values Award is sponsored by the Tres Reyes Hotel in Pamplona, the Social Values Award is sponsored by Banco Santander, the Sports Values Award is sponsored by Urzante, the Business Values Award is sponsored by CaixaBank and the exemplary town award is sponsored by the Government of Navarra . History. The Navarra Television Awards are born from the initiative of Carlos Ciriza, a Navarrese sculptor, who, supported by Navarra Television, decides to start some awards that bear the name of the communication medium. Election process. Approximately three months before the gala, a web form is opened where viewers submit their proposals. It is then a team from Navarra Television who selects the three people finally nominated who will compete for the award. From then on, a web form is opened where viewers can vote for their favorites, and on the day of the gala the winner is announced, who is the one who has received the most votes. Gala. The gala is organized as follows: it is organized in the afternoon of any given day, and in it, a trophy designed by Carlos Ciriza is presented to the winner of the award. To do this, each category is awarded at different times, separated from each other by performances by Navarran and national artists, and each award is announced by two journalists from Navarra (not necessarily from Navarra Television) by opening an envelope at the time. Moments before, a video made with each of the candidates is shown, and the winner receives the trophy from the sponsors of the value itself. Winners. In the 1st edition of the winners, which was held on November 24, 2016 at the Palacio de Congresos y Auditorio de Navarra (Baluarte) in Pamplona, ​​the winners were the doctor Jesús Alfaro, Adriana and Beatriz de Bodegas Ochoa, the company Code Matrix , the Navarre Paralympics and the town of Milagro (Navarra) In the II edition, also celebrated in Baluarte, the winners were Iñaki Redín, Isabel Villanueva, Carlota Ciganda, the company Postres Ultzama and the town of Ochagavía . In the IV edition, the winners were Natalia Lacunza in young values (against Vanessa Garde and Mario Cornago), Mai Garde (against Alberto Undiano Mallenco and Juan Peralta Gascon ) in the sports values category, the Association of Family Members of Enfermos de Alzheimer de Navarra (against 'Los de Bronce' and the IES Plaza de La Cruz) in the category of social values, the Association for the Development of the Navarra Family Business (against Ana Monreal ) in the category of business values, The Pamplonesa (compared to the 'Flamenco on fire' festival and Alfredo Sanzol ) in the category of cultural values and Tafalla (compared to Roncesvalles and Legarda ) as an exemplary town. The gala was attended by the President of the Government of Navarra, María Chivite. Ruth Lorenzo, the magician Miguel de Lucas, the duo Bruno and Lorena Jiménez or the monologist Aroa Berrozpe, participated in this gala. In the V edition, the capacity had to be limited due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and only the nominees for the award could attend. The gala featured high-level artists such as Javier Erro (a contestant on La voz (Spain) in 2018) and musical performances by Cepeda, Carlos Right, as well as Serafín Zubiri from Navarra. In the VI edition, an Honorary Award for Social Values was given to journalist David Beriain, for his work as a journalist. The winners were STI Norland in business values (against Grupo Apex and Falcón Electrónica), Raduan Hamdai (against Carlos González and Nicolás Atanes) in the category of young values, Beatriz Zudaire (against Asier Martínez and Iñaki Narros) in the category sporting values, Juan Larreta (against Ayuda Contenedores and Pamplona Hotels) in the category of social values, the discovery and investigation of the 'Loizu Man' (against Maite Beaumont and La Kukula) in cultural values and Unzué (against Valcarlos, Cintruénigo) as an exemplary town. The gala featured the singer Nerea Rodríguez, the magician Miguel de Lucas, the singer Anne Lukin and Los Tenampas, the Navarrese monologist Aroa Berrozpe, and the Orfeón Pamplonés with the song "Por Esto Cantamos Juntos". Counselor Elma Saiz attended the event on behalf of María Chivite . Navarra Television Navarra Television is a channel of the regional television of Navarra, which broadcasts general content but especially news from the Foral de Navarra. It was founded after the merger of two autonomous Digital Terrestrial Television channels in the area of the Autonomous Community of Navarra . Establishment. It began its regular broadcasts on May 14, 2012 on DTT. Its programming has information as one of its basic axes, not only at regional level, but also at national and international level. This channel was born after the merger of Canal 6 Navarra and Popular Television, in the search of a regional channel after the end of the also a private channel Canal 4 Navarra. Finance. Thanks to this merger, they have access to all the money offered by the Government of Navarra as aid for regional television channels that broadcast in its territory. This change was announced just a few weeks before the merger. In this new stage, content worthy of a regional channel and information in Basque will be promoted thanks to a team made up of professionals from Canal 6 Navarra, Canal 4 Navarra and Popular TV Navarra. Said change becomes effective at 2:00 p.m. on Monday, May 14, 2012, when the logo of Canal 6 Navarra disappears for that of the new Navarra Television. On January 20, 2021, they got a large grant of 1.3 million euros from the Government of Navarra. Channels. Since its launch, Navarra Television broadcasts through two channels: Navarre Television 1. It broadcasts in high definition. Its programming is similar for the entire Community. It is based on current news, on entertainment magazines of its own production, etc. Its programs are: Navarre Television 2. This is broadcast in Spanish and Basque. Emission of plenary sessions and commissions of the Parliament of Navarra, Senate and Congress of Deputies. Programming in Basque: "Mugi Zaitez" with Íñigo Ciganda, stories of entrepreneurs in Navarra and all the job offers in the Autonomous Community and "Nafarroako Albisteak" with Oihane Garzáron, the latest news of the week on Saturday at 2:00 p.m. Navarra Television Awards. Since 2016, Navarra Television has also handed out awards that bear its name. It aims to recognize the work of outstanding people in the Navarre Foral Community. Diario 16 Diario 16 (digital newspaper) is a Spanish digital newspaper, published daily, that was reborn at the end of 2015 after having closed its rotary press in 2001. Despite having a different editorial team, the header is the same as in its old written edition, but with a new and different slogan: "The newspaper of the Second Transition". María José Pintor Sánchez-Ocaña and Cristina Fallarás were the directors. José Antonio Gómez is the current director. In addition to the daily digital publication, the header also publishes a monthly magazine with the same name. History. The head of the newspaper passed from Grupo Voz to Multimedia Ediciones Globales, SL, of Grupo EIG (Energy & Information Group), at some point between 2001 and 2015. MEG, SL is chaired by Manuel Domínguez Moreno, and its staff is made up of former editors of the magazine Cambio 16 . David Newman David Louis Newman (born March 11, 1954) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, composer and conductor. He is known for his movie scores. In his career more than thirty years, he has composed music for nearly 100 feature movies. Influences. Newman stated composers like Alfred Newman, John Williams, Elmer Bernstein, Maurice Jarre, Jerry Goldsmith, Lalo Schifrin, John Barry, Bernard Herrmann, Henry Mancini, Danny Elfman, Alan Silvestri, Michael Kamen, Ennio Morricone, George Gershwin and Duke Ellington as influences. Awards. He received an Academy Award nomination for writing the score to the 1997 movie "Anastasia". Family. He was an cousin of Randy Newman. Oingo Boingo Oingo Boingo () was an American new wave band. It was formed by songwriter Danny Elfman in August 1979. The band was created from a surrealist musical theatre group, The Mystic Knights of the Oingo Boingo. Elfman had led and written material for that group for years before creating Oingo Boingo. Their highest charting song, "Weird Science", reached No. 45 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. Oingo Boingo were known for their high energy concerts and experimental music. Their music can be described as mixing rock, ska, pop, and world music. The band made music over 17 years. They used many different genres and had many line-up changes. Their best-known songs include "Only a Lad", "Little Girls", "Dead Man's Party" and "Weird Science". Compound document In computing, a compound document combines different other documents of different formats or types. Very often, this is done using a text processing software. For example, a document may contain images, or audio, as well as text. Technically there are different ways to do this; two common ones are linking and embedding. As an example, a Wikipedia page with an image is also a compound document. Selbach Selbach was a great Scottish king who ruled Dál Riata from 700 to 723, when he retired to become a monk. He is well recorded, and defeated Beli II, the king of Strathclyde, at Lorg Ecclet. He also fought Ainbcellach, his brother and contestant for the throne, at Finnglen in 719, and was victorious. However, then he was defeated by Dúnchad Bec (Duncan the Small, a ruler from Kintyre), another rival, the same year. Selbach died in 730, three years after fighting his son's great enemy Eochaid mac Echdach. Indo-Iranian peoples Indo-Iranian peoples or Indo-Iranic peoples, is the name given to the group that covers Iranians, Indo-Aryans and Nuristanis today. In the historical sense, it is the group that defined itself as Aryan and eventually split into Iranians, Indo-Aryans and Nuristanis. They are spoke Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European languages. Brainstorming To brainstorm is to think about and try to come up with ideas or solutions to a problem, either on your own or in a group. Angus Buidnech Angus Buidnech (maybe spelled Aonghas, please check this article if you can read this language) was a legendary king of Dál Riata accounted for by the "Senchus fer n-Alban", which says he was the son of Fedelmid mac Senchormac. He may have ruled from around 360 to 405, when he died. He was the great-great-great-grandfather of the royal hero Fergus Mór. Angus probably waged war against Pictish kings Gartnait II (360-387) and Talorc I (387-405), and was said by some to be the first Scot born in Scotland. It is unknown what his epithet, "Buidnech", meant, but it is known that "Buí" is Irish for "yellow", maybe referring to this king's hair colour. Angus is remembered by George Buchanan in 1588 with the words "A good king who was slain by the Picts". Buchanan also said he succeeded his uncle, not his father, as most traditions say. Rozina Cambos Rozina Cambos (; 17 December 1951 – 4 December 2012) was a Romanian-born Israeli actress. After emigrating to Israel from Romania in 1983, she rose to prominence as a stage actress at the Habima Theatre and the Cameri Theatre. She also starred in several movies such as the 2010 film "The Human Resources Manager". Cambos died of leukaemia on 4 December 2012, aged 60. Turan Depression The Turan Depression, Turan Lowland or Turanian Basin is a low-lying desert basin region stretching from southern Turkmenistan through Uzbekistan to Kazakhstan. The lowland region lies to the east of the Caspian Sea and southeast of the Aral Sea in the vast Aral–Caspian Depression. Some of it is above sea level. It is one of the largest expanses of sand in the world, covering an area of around 3 million km2. On average, the region receives less than 15 inches (381mm) of rainfall per year. The Karakum desert lies at the southern portion of the Turan Lowlands. About 80% of it is desert or desert-like. In the south there are rivers, and oases. Cotton and different kinds of wheat are grown there. In the desert-like areas, there are only small bushes, and camels and goats live there. There are a number of rivers. The most important of these are the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya. Both flow into Aral Sea. The Amu Darya River runs in a southeast–north-westerly direction through the lowlands. It used to flow into the South Aral Sea, currently it dries up in a desert called Aralkum. Syr Darya flows into North Aral Sea. The three most important cities are Daşoguz in Turkmenistan, and Nukus and Urgench in Uzbekistan. Vpadina Akchanaya in Turkmenistan is 267 feet (81 meters) below sea level. Eochaid Cairbre Eochaid Cairbre, which can be translated into English as Haughey the Charioteer, was a legendary king of Scotland who ruled from probably 165 to 186. He was the son of the High King of Ireland Conaire Cóem and Queen Saraid, as well as brother of a king of Munster, where he used to live. According to one source, he was killed by a court musician and was buried in Ulster. Eochaid was possibly given Dál Riata when his brother received Munster. North Aral Sea The North Aral Sea is the northern part of the Aral Sea. It is also called little Aral Sea. It split form the rest in 1987 and 1988. The southern part of the Aral Sea was called South Aral Sea. North Aral Sea is mainly fed by Syr Darya. There is a dam, called Dike Kokaral, which separates it from the rest of the Aral Sea. The dam had a poor design, but in 2005, the government of Kazakhstan could improve it. Since then the water levels of the lake have risen. Finn Døssing Finn Døssing Jensen (27 April 1941 – 24 June 2022) was a Danish footballer. He played as a centre forward. He began his career with Viborg FF. He played for the Denmark under-21 team in 1963. Døssing died on 24 June 2022, aged 81. Artie Kane Artie Kane (born Aaron Cohen; April 14, 1929 – June 21, 2022) was an American pianist, movie score composer, and conductor. In 1976, he was nominated for a Grammy Award. During his career, he conducted on over 60 movie scores for MGM, Disney, Universal, Fox, Warner Brothers, Sony, and Paramount. His career lasted from 1944 until 2004. Kane died on June 21, 2022 at his home in Whidbey Island, Washington at the age of 93. Alexander Jefferson Alexander Jefferson (November 15, 1921 – June 22, 2022) was an American Air Force officer. He was known as one of the Tuskegee Airmen, the 332nd Fighter Group. He was in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. Jefferson died on June 22, 2022 in Detroit at the age of 100. South Aral Sea South Aral Sea was the name for the southern part of the Aral Sea. Because of diverting water for irrigation starting in the 1960s, the Aral Sea began to dry up. In the 1980s, a dam was built, splitting it into a small North Aral Sea, and the large southern part. In the 2000s, the souhern part split into a western and eastern half, but has mostly dried up. The desert that grew from it is called Aralkum today. Current situation. The West Aral Sea is expected to stabilize at , a mean depth of , and a maximum depth of , assuming groundwater discharge at the rate of per year. The Eastern Sea dried up completely in the summer of 2009, apart from the small permanent Barsakelmes Lake (between the Northern and Western seas), but it received some water from snow melt in the spring of 2010. It is expected to alternate between complete desiccation in the summers and the occasional flood from the Amu Darya or spillover from the dam holding back the North Aral Sea, though a second dike, begun in 2010, may reduce the incidence of the latter. In 2015, the Western Sea was starting to split into two, as the channel that connects the central part of the sea and the small North-Eastern part was growing skinnier. (This can be seen on the 2014 picture.) Since 2018, the split has been complete. Zhang Sizhi Zhang Sizhi (; 12 November 1927 – 24 June 2022) was an Chinese human rights lawyer. He was a professor at Central University of Finance and Economics. He was known for defending many of the protesters involved in the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. Zhang died from an illness in Beijing, China on 24 June 2022 at the age of 94. Fatikh Sibagatullin Fatikh Saubanovich Sibagatullin (; ; 1 May 1950 – 24 June 2022) was a Russian politician. He was a member of United Russia. He was in the State Duma from 2007 to 2021. Sibagatullin was born in Tatar ASSR, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. Sibagatullin died at a hospital in Moscow, Russia from cardiac arrest on 24 June 2022 at the age of 72. Gianpaolo Bissi Gianpaolo Bissi (2 May 1941 – 23 June 2022) was an Italian politician. He was a member of the Italian Democratic Socialist Party. He was in the Senate of the Republic from 1987 to 1992. Bissi was born in Teglio, Italy. Bissi died in Teglio on 23 June 2022 at the age of 81. Teglio Teglio ("Téi" in Valtellinese dialect) is a "comune" in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region Lombardy. It is about northeast of Milan. Ernst Jacobi Ernst Gerhard Ludwig Jacobi-Scherbening (11 July 1933 – 23 June 2022) was a German actor. He acted in the 1979 movie "The Tin Drum" and was the narrator in "The White Ribbon". His started acting in Berlin, Germany in 1957. He retired in 2009. Jacobi died on 23 June 2022 in Vienna, Austria at the age of 88. Films. Source: Stien Kaiser Christina Wilhelmina "Stein" Baas-Kaiser (20 May 1938 – 23 June 2022) was a Dutch speed skater. She was born in Delft, Netherlands. She won a gold and silver medal at the 1972 Summer Olympics. Kaiser also won two bronze medals at the 1968 Summer Olympics. Kaiser died on 23 June 2022 at the age of 84. Dickon Mitchell Dickon Amiss Thomas Mitchell (born 8 October 1978) is a Grenadian politician and lawyer. He is the Prime Minister of Grenada since 24 June 2022. He is also the leader of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) since 2021. He led his party to victory in the 2022 general election. New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. Bruen New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. Bruen, 597 U.S. ___ (2022) , abbreviated NYSRPA v. Bruen, also known as NYSRPA II or Bruen (to distinguish it from the 2020 case), is a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court about the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution. In a 6–3 decision, the majority ruled that individuals can carry conceal guns in public in June 2022. Thiomargarita magnifica Thiomargarita magnifica is a species of sulfur-oxidizing gammaproteobacteria. It is found growing underwater on the leaves of red mangroves from Guadeloupe archipelago in Lesser Antilles. This bacterium is the largest known bacterium, with an average length of 10 mm and some reaching 20 mm. The bacterium was found in February 2022. 2022 Oslo shootings On 25 June 2022, two people were killed and 21 more injured in a mass shooting at three places in Oslo, Norway. The shootings are believed to have target Oslo Pride, the local LGBT pride parade. The police is investigating the shootings as an act of Islamic terrorism. A 42-year old naturalised Iranian immigrant was arrested. He has been charged with murder, attempted murder and terrorism. Zero She Flies Zero She Flies is the third album by the folk singer Al Stewart. It was released in 1970. It is the first of Stewart’s albums that has a song about history. The song is called "Manuscript". It is about the things that started World War I, like the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. Track listing. All tracks composed by Al Stewart; except where indicated. Zeko Burgess Zeko Burgess is a cricketer from Bermuda. In August 2019, Burgess started to play on Bermuda's team for the Regional Finals of the 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup Americas Qualifier tournament. In November 2019, he played on Bermuda's team for the Cricket World Cup Challenge League B tournament. This happened in Oman. Burgess went into List A for Bermuda on 6 December 2019. He played against Uganda. The Black Phone The Black Phone is a 2021 American supernatural horror movie directed by Scott Derrickson and written by Derrickson and C. Robert Cargill. It is based on the 2004 short story of the same name by Joe Hill. The film stars Mason Thames, Madeleine McGraw, Jeremy Davies, James Ransone, and Ethan Hawke. In the movie is about a kidnapped teenager (Thames) and how he uses a mysterious phone to talk with the dead victims of his kidnapper "The Grabber" (Hawke). It was released by Universal Pictures in the United States on June 24, 2022. It had many positive reviews from critics. Zatheria Cladotheria (also called Zatheria) is a clade of mammals—that means a group of mammals who all evolved from the same ancient creature. Cladotheria has marsupials, placentals, and some kinds of extinct animals like dryolestoids, amphitheriids and peramurids. This clade was named in 1975 by Malcolm McKenna. In 2002, scientists called it a node-based taxon that had "the common ancestor of dryolestids and living therians, plus all its descendants". A different definition was written in 2013. Then scientists said that Cladotheria has all groups of mammals that are more like a house mouse than they are like the animal Spalacotherium tricuspidens. Joe Hill (writer) Joseph Hillström King (born June 4, 1972), pen name Joe Hill, is an American writer. He wrote the novels "Heart-Shaped Box" (2007), "Horns" (2010), "NOS4A2" (2013), and "The Fireman" (2016). He also wrote the short story collections "20th Century Ghosts" (2005) and "Strange Weather" (2017); and the comic book series "Locke & Key" (2008–2013). King is the son of authors Tabitha and Stephen King. Youngblood (5 Seconds of Summer song) "Youngblood" is a song by the pop rock band 5 Seconds of Summer. It was written by Calum Hood, Ali Tamposi, Andrew Watt, Ashton Irwin, and Luke Hemmings. Andrew Watt and Louis Bell helped make it. The song was put out by Capitol Records on 12 April 2018. It was the second single from the band’s third album, which was also called "Youngblood. Year of the Cat Year of the Cat is the seventh album by Al Stewart. It was released in 1976. It was made and engineered by Alan Parsons. The song “Year of the Cat", which was also written by Peter Wood, was so popular that it helped sell the album. AllMusic said that song was "one of those 'mysterious woman' songs". The album was a top five hit in the United States. Another song from the album was "On the Border". A third song was “Lord Grenville". That song was about a sailor and explorer named Sir Richard Grenville. Track listing. All tracks composed by Al Stewart, except where indicated. 1976 Original LP edition. Side 1 Side 2 X Offender "X Offender" is the first song to be released by the American band Blondie. It was written by Gary Valentine and Debbie Harry for the band's first album, also called Blondie. The song was released as the album's lead single in June 1976. Wolfgang (wrestler) Barry Young was born 3 December 1986. He is a Scottish professional wrestler. His “wrestler name” is Wolfgang. He lives in Ayr, Scotland. Wolfgang is a Wrestling Coach at GPWA Glasgow Asylum. He also used to be an NXT UK Tag Team Champion. Vuillafans Vuillafans is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. Quasi-state A quasi-state or state-like entity is a political entity that does not represent a fully autonomous sovereign state. Amos Guttman Amos Guttman (; 10 May 1954 – 16 February 1993) was a Romanian-born Israeli film director. He emigrated to Israel with his family, aged seven. He later became a successful film director. Being an openly gay man, he directed films in relation to his own personal life, such as "Bar 51", "Drifting" and "Amazing Grace". He was considered to be a pioneer of LGBT film in Israel. Guttman died of AIDS on 16 February 1993, aged 38. 2022 Monkeypox outbreak in the United States The 2022 Monkeypox outbreak in the United States is part of the bigger outbreak of human Monkeypox caused by the Monkeypox virus. Cases by State. Based from the CDC map of the United States. This data is updated by the CDC Mondays-Fridays. Sphaenorhynchus bromelicola Bahia lime tree frog ("Sphaenorhynchus bromelicola") is a frog. It lives in Brazil. Thomas Mifflin Thomas Mifflin (January 10, 1744 – January 20, 1800) was an American merchant, soldier, and politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Military service. Early in the Revolutionary War, Mifflin left the Continental Congress to serve in the Continental Army. He was made a major, then became an "aide-de-camp" of George Washington. On August 14, 1775, Washington appointed him to become the army's first quartermaster general, under order of Congress. Even though he preferred to be on the front line, people said he was good at his job. Because he failed to properly supply Washington and the troops at Valley Forge, questions were raised. People said he had warehoused and sold supplies, instead of bringing them to Washington and his troops. After a talk with Washington, Mifflin asked to be relieved as quartermaster general but was persuaded to resume those duties because Congress did not find a replacement. Mifflin's leadership in the Battle of Trenton and the Battle of Princeton led to a promotion to major general. In Congress, there was debate regarding whether a national army was more efficient or whether the individual states should maintain their own forces. As a result of this debate the Congressional Board of War was created, on which Mifflin served from 1777 to 1778. He then rejoined the army but took little active role, following criticism of his service as quartermaster general. He was accused of embezzlement and welcomed an inquiry; however, one never took place. He resigned his commission, but Congress continued to ask his advice even after accepting his resignation. Personal life. Although Mifflin's family had been Quakers for four generations, he was expelled from the Religious Society of Friends when he joined the Continental Army, because his involvement with the military contradicted that faith's pacifistic doctrines. Mifflin became a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1768 and served for two years as its secretary. He served from 1773 to 1791 as a trustee of the College and Academy of Philadelphia (now the University of Pennsylvania), including two years as treasurer (1773–1775). Daryl Mitchell (New Zealand cricketer) Daryl Joseph Mitchell (born 20 May 1991) is a New Zealand cricketer who represents Canterbury in domestic cricket, and plays for the national team. He is the son of New Zealand rugby union coach and former player John Mitchell. source: ESPN Cricinfo Career. Daryl made his debut for Northern Districts in 2011-12. Initially he started as a batsman but later he became an all-rounder. He is also known for his excellent fielding. In 2022, Mitchell participated in 2022 Indian Premier League tournament and was a part of Rajasthan Royals team. Love Chronicles Love Chronicles is the second album by Al Stewart. It was released in September 1969 and was his first album released in the United States. Track listing. All tracks composed and arranged by Al Stewart 2007 Collectors' Choice Music edition. Bonus tracks Fred Wilt Frederick Loren Wilt (December 14, 1920 – September 5, 1994) was an American Olympic athlete and Federal Bureau of Investigation agent. Bösel Bösel is a municipality in the district of Cloppenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Cappeln Cappeln is a municipality in Cloppenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is about 7 km southeast of Cloppenburg. Cappeln has the following rural communities: Emstek Emstek is a municipality in Cloppenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is about 8 km east of Cloppenburg. Dixie, Louisiana Dixie is an unincorporated community in Caddo Parish, Louisiana, United States. The Verve Pipe The Verve Pipe is a American rock band formed in 1992. Harry Gration Harry Gration, MBE, DL (22 October 1950 – 24 June 2022) was an English journalist and broadcaster. He was one of the main anchors for the BBC Yorkshire programme "Look North". Gration died suddenly on 24 June 2022, at the age of 71. Linda Coffee Linda Nellene Coffee (born December 25, 1942) is an American attorney and pro-choice activist. She is from Dallas, Texas. Coffee argued "Roe v. Wade" before the United States Supreme Court along with Sarah Weddington . She argued for abortion and why it should be legal in the United States. Coffee was a member of the Women's Equity Action League. Poolesville, Maryland Poolesville is a town in western Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. 5,742 people lived there at the 2020 United States Census. Donda West Donda C. West (née Williams; July 12, 1949 – November 10, 2007) was an American academic. She was a professor and chair of Chicago State University's Department of English, Communications, Media and Theater. She was the mother of musician and designer Kanye West. Life. West was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma however spent most of her life in Chicago, Illinois. She began her teaching career in the early 1970s at Morris Brown College in Atlanta and began working at Chicago State University in 1980. West taught English at Nanjing University for a year as a scholar through the Fulbright U.S. Scholar Program. On November 10, 2007, West died in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack caused by plastic surgery-related problems and coronary artery disease at age 58. After her death, an investigation showed the surgeon who gave her the surgery had a history of alcohol offenses and had two major medical legal issues. Legacy. After her death, California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the "Donda West Law" in 2009, that makes it mandatory for patients to receive medical clearance through a physical examination before going through elective cosmetic surgery. Kanye also named his tenth studio album, released in 2021, "Donda", after his mother. Kanye donated student tickets to Chicago State University, the university where Donda worked at, for the listening session of the album. Next Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) leadership election The Next Liberal Democratic Party leadership election can be held in 2024 to elect the next President of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan. The winner of the election is expected to lead the party in the upcoming . Spritz Veneziano Spritz Veneziano is an Italian low-alcohol cocktail. It consists of prosecco, bitters and soda water. It often served as aperitif. Spritz is considered one of the most popular alcohol cocktails. The birthplace of Spritz is Venice. Rule, Britannia! "Rule, Britannia!" is a British patriotic song. The text comes from a poem by James Thomson. The music was written by Thomas Arne. It was originally the final movement of Arne's play, "Alfred". Lyrics. This version is taken from . It includes the full text of "Alfred". <poem> When Britain first, at Heaven's command Arose from out the azure main; This was the charter of the land, And guardian angels sang this strain: "Rule, Britannia! rule the waves: "Britons never will be slaves." The nations, not so blest as thee, Must, in their turns, to tyrants fall; While thou shalt flourish great and free, The dread and envy of them all. "Rule, Britannia! rule the waves: "Britons never will be slaves." Still more majestic shalt thou rise, More dreadful, from each foreign stroke; As the loud blast that tears the skies, Serves but to root thy native oak. "Rule, Britannia! rule the waves: "Britons never will be slaves." Thee haughty tyrants ne'er shall tame: All their attempts to bend thee down, Will but arouse thy generous flame; But work their woe, and thy renown. "Rule, Britannia! rule the waves: "Britons never will be slaves." To thee belongs the rural reign; Thy cities shall with commerce shine: All thine shall be the subject main, And every shore it circles thine. "Rule, Britannia! rule the waves: "Britons never will be slaves." The Muses, still with freedom found, Shall to thy happy coast repair; Blest Isle! With matchless beauty crown'd, And manly hearts to guard the fair. "Rule, Britannia! rule the waves: "Britons never will be slaves." </poem> Christiaan Petit Christiaan Simon Petit was a Belgian born, Dutch long-distance runner. Career. In 1934 and 1936 he won the Singelloop Utrecht. The time in 1936 was with 13 minutes and 42 seconds a new Dutch national record over 2 miles. In July 1934 he ran the 3000 metres in Antwerp below the national record, but because there was not an official time keeping it wasn’t registered as an official Dutch record. In August 1934 he became national champion in the 5000 metres. Due to this performance he was selected to represent the Netherlands at the 1934 European Athletics Championships in Turin in the 5000 metres event. He didn’t finish the race at the championships, due to flank pain in the fifth lap. Personal life. Petit was born on 26 October 1912 in Liege, Belgium. His mother Mathilde Philomène Bol was from Heerlen and his father Eduard Etienne Petit was from Oudenbosch. He married to Maria Luise Bertha Kupka on 22 December 1938. He died on 26 December 1984 in Heerlen af the age of 72. Waigali language Waigali is a Nuristani language spoken in Nuristan Province, Afghanistan. It is spoken by the Waigal people who are Nuristani. It is also spoken in Chitral District due to the War in Afghanistan. Hindi in Pakistan Pakistani Hindi is a variety of Hindi nearly extinct. It is spoken by some Hindu communities in Pakistan. Most Pakistani Hindus are now speaking Sindhi Bhil. Sphaenorhynchus palustris The Linhares lime tree frog ("Sphaenorhynchus palustris") is a frog. It lives in Brazil. Begoña Gómez María Begoña Gómez Fernández (Bilbao, 1975) is a Spanish politician, and Pedro Sánchez wife. On March 14, 2020, she tested COVID-19 positive. She serves informally as First Lady of Spain. She has been accused of having political charges without an University degree. The Black Stallion (movie) The Black Stallion is a 1979 adventure movie directed by Carroll Ballard. It is based on the children's book "The Black Stallion" by Walter Farley. It is about the friendship of the boy Alec Ramsey and an Arabian horse. The movie stars Kelly Reno, Teri Garr, Hoyt Axton, Mickey Rooney, and the Arabian horse Cass Ole. Francis Ford Coppola was one of the producers, and his father, Carmine Coppola composed the music. Plot. It is the summer of the year 1946. Alec Ramsey is on a ship with his father off the coast of North Africa. Alec discovers a black stallion on the ship. It is tied to ropes and upset. Alec feeds the hourse sugar. The owner rebukes him. Later Alec's father shows him the things he won from a card game. Two items are a pocket kife and a small statue of Bucephalus. Bucephalus was the horse of Alexander the Great. The ship catches fire and begins to sink. Alec cuts the horse loose and falls into the water. The horse rescues Alec from drowning. The two are the only ones to survive. They get lost on a desert island. The horse saves Alec from a snake. The two slowly get closer together. Eventually, the boy rides the horse. A fishing ship rescues the two. Alec is back home, and there is a ceremony for him. His horse stays in the backyard until it runs away. Alec looks for the horse everywhere and meets Snoe (and Napoleon). Snoe tells him where Black might be. This leads Alec to the barn of Henry Dailey. Henry found the horse and is a retired racehorse jockey. Henry and Alec become friends and decide to have the horse race. One night, Henry secretly has someone from the racing industry watch the horse run. The news spreads about how fast this new "mystery horse" is. Alec wants to race. His mother gives in after protesting. Alec joins a race against the top two jockeys in the country. He is behind in the beginning, but catches up and wins. He has memories of riding on the island. Reception. The movie had good reviews from critics. It has a 90% on Rotten Tomatoes. The movie was nominated two Academy Awards in Best Actor in a Supporting Role and Best Film Editing. At the Golden Globe Awards, Carmine Coppola was nominated for Best Original Score. The movie was ranked #64 on the American Film Institute list Cheers. The film is part of the National Film Registry, because it is considered culturally significant. Antonio Montero Moreno Antonio Montero Moreno (28 August 1928 – 16 June 2022) was a Spanish Roman Catholic prelate. Montero Moreno was born in Churriana de la Vega and was ordained to the priesthood in 1951. He served as auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seville and was titular bishop of Regiana from 1969 to 1980 Moreno died on 16 June 2022 in Cádiz, Spain at the age of 93. Munji people The Munji are a tribal group formerly based in Badakhshan province of Afghanistan. They number around 7,800. Now they are based in Chitral District. They are mostly Shia Muslims. They speak the Munji language. Pulmapilt Pulmapilt is a 1980 Estonian science fiction movie directed by Raul Tammet and starring Rein Aren, Lembit Ulfsak. It was distributed by Mosfilm. Abortion in Canada Abortion in Canada is legal at all stages of pregnancy, regardless of the reason. It is publicly funded as a medical procedure under the combined effects of the federal Canada Health Act and provincial health-care systems. However, access to services and resources varies by region. While some non-legal barriers to access still exist, Canada is the only nation with absolutely no criminal restrictions on abortion. Nevertheless, no providers in Canada offer abortion care beyond 23 weeks and 6 days as outlined by provincial regulatory authorities for physicians. In Canada, abortion was formally banned in 1869. It would remain illegal for the next 100 years. In 1969, the "Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1968–69" legalized therapeutic abortions, as long as a committee of doctors certified that continuing the pregnancy would likely endanger the woman's life or health. In 1988, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled in "R. v. Morgentaler" that the existing law was unconstitutional, and struck down the 1969 Act. The ruling found that the 1969 abortion law violated a woman's right to “life, liberty and security of the person” guaranteed under Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms established in 1982. In Canada, all surgical abortions are performed by a physician, with nurse practitioners, pharmacists and midwives able to provide medications for non-invasive medical abortions within nine weeks (63 days) of gestation. Canada has had a relatively stable abortion rate since decriminalization; the rate of recorded abortion per 1000 women of childbearing age (15-44) was 10.2 in 1974, rising to 16.4 abortions per thousand women in 1997, and declining to 10.1 abortions per 1000 women in 2020. However, these rates of abortion only reflect the number of abortions reported by abortion clinics and hospitals. They do not account for unreported abortions in these setting or count abortions induced by prescription drugs such as mifepristone and misoprostol taken at home, and so these official rates of abortion undercount the true rate of abortion. Nevertheless, Canada has a low abortion rate overall compared to other countries, Pop Smear Pop Smear is the debut studio album by The Verve Pipe. The album was released on December 9, 1993. Todd Astle Todd Duncan Astle was born 24 September, 1986 in Palmerston North. He is a New Zealand cricketer who played 5 tests, 9 one-day internationals and 5 twenty20 internationals. He is the son of Alec Astle and is not related to Nathan Astle. Rex Austin William Rex Austin (23 May 1931 – 23 June 2022) was a New Zealand politician of the National Party. He was born in Riverton, New Zealand. Austin was a member of the New Zealand Parliament between 1975 to 1987. Austin died on 23 June 2022 in Invercargill, New Zealand at the age of 91. Javier Cárdenas (footballer) Javier Cárdenas Martínez (8 December 1952 – 25 June 2022) was a Mexican football midfielder. He played for Mexico in the 1978 FIFA World Cup and from 1975 until 1979. He also played for Deportivo Toluca. Cárdenas was born in Mexico City. Cárdenas died on 25 June 2022 at the age of 69. Russell Watt James Russell Watt (29 December 1935 – 25 June 2022) was a New Zealand rugby union player. He played for the All Blacks, between 1957 and 1962. He played 42 matches for the All Blacks including nine international. Watt died on 25 June 2022 in Silverstream, New Zealand at the age of 86. 2021–22 Los Angeles Lakers season The 2021–22 Los Angeles Lakers season was the 75th season of the team. It was the 74th season in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Thue Christiansen Thue Christiansen (25 February 1940 – 26 June 2022) was a Greenlandic teacher, visual artist, and politician. Christiansen was best known as the designer of the current flag of Greenland. Christiansen was elected to the Inatsisartut for Siumut in 1979. He was the Greenlandic Minister of Culture and Education from 1979 until 1983. Christiansen died on 26 June 2022, at his home in Hals, Denmark at the age of 82. Shareef O’Neal Shareef Rashaun O'Neal (born January 11, 2000) is an American basketball player who was signed with the Los Angeles Lakers and now plays for the NBA G League Ignite. Early life. The son of Hall of Fame player Shaquille O'Neal, he attended Crossroads School in Santa Monica, California. Career. As a senior forward, O'Neal was ranked among the top high school basketball players of his class. He was a redshirt during his first season in college with the UCLA Bruins, when he had a heart surgery. He played as a reserve for the Bruins in 2019–20 before transferring midseason to the LSU Tigers. Frank Moorhouse Frank Thomas Moorhouse (21 December 1938 – 26 June 2022) was an Australian writer. He was best known for having won the 2001 Miles Franklin Literary Award for his novel, "Dark Palace" and "Cold Light". Moorhouse died at a hospital in Sydney, Australia on 26 June 2022 at the age of 83. Edgware Edgware () is a suburban town in northern Greater London, mostly in the London Borough of Barnet. As of 2011, the town had a population of 76,506 and is made up of five wards from both Barnet and Harrow boroughs. Air France Flight 296 Air France Flight 296 was a test flight of an Air France Airbus A320, chartered by Air Charter International, at the air show in Habsheim, Alsace, France on June 26, 1988. The approach was to take place with the plane at 100 feet (33 m), but the plane descended to a lower height than expected and crashed at the end of the runway, killing 3 passengers on board, this being the first fatal accident of an Airbus A320 in the world. Flight crew. The crew of flight 296 was commanded by Captain Michel Asseline, who was sent to prison for this act and sentenced by the French justice system to 10 months in prison and 10 months of probation. Aftermath. The impact and the fire resulting from the fuel fire killed 3 people on board, these being two young children and one adult. During the evacuation of the plane, the passengers left through the emergency exits, while a woman tries to remove a 7-year-old girl from the plane whose seat belt got stuck in her seat, killing both of them. The other child was found dead in the rubble. Captain Asseline, First Officer Mazière, two Air France employees and the sponsor of the event, president of the local flight club, were charged with the crime of involuntary manslaughter, of the group Captain Asseline was the only one who ended up in jail convicted to 10 months in prison, while the rest ended up on probation. Dramatization. The episode "Blaming the Pilot" of the TV series "Survival in the Sky" featured the accident. The Discovery Channel Canada / National Geographic TV series "Air Crash Investigation" featured the accident and subsequent investigation in a season 9 episode titled "Pilot vs. Plane" and included an interview with Captain Michel Asseline, survivors, and accident investigators. The episode "Disastrous Descents" of the TV series "Aircrash Confidential" produced by WMR Productions and IMG Entertainment, featured the accident and included an interview with Captain Michel Asseline. Eddystone, Pennsylvania Eddystone is a borough in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,410 at the 2010 census. The Drum (1938 movie) The Drum (released in the U.S. as Drums) is a 1938 British adventure movie directed by Zoltan Korda and was based on the 1936 novel of the same name by A. E. W. Mason. It stars Sabu, Raymond Massey, Roger Livesey, Valerie Hobson, David Tree, Desmond Tester, Roy Emerton and United Artists. KL Rahul Kannaur Lokesh Rahul (born 18 April 1992) is an Indian cricketer. References. India vs Australia: Making progress toward working on myself as an initial hitter, says KL Rahul Damián De Santo Damián Álvaro De Santo (Born June 12, 1968) is an Argentine actor and former singer. He acted in theater, cinema and television. Private life. He has been married for years to Vanina Bilous, a tango dancer. He has two children, Joaquín and Camilo. Although he is not much of a soccer fan, he is a River fan. He was the boyfriend of the Argentine singer Laura Miller. Since 2005, he has lived for much of the year in the town of Villa Giardino in Cordoba, where he owns a complex of cabins. APTRA The Asociación de Periodistas de la Televisión y Radiofonía Argentina (APTRA) () is an entity that brings together press workers from Argentine television and radio. It stands out for annually awarding the Martín Fierro Awards to the television and radio production of the previous year. History. On June 9, 1959, ten journalists met at the headquarters of the Argentores Association with the purpose of supporting and promoting the improvement of television and radio broadcasting and formalized the beginning of the institution under the first presidency of Manuel Ferradás Campos. That same year the first awards ceremony was held at the Cervantes National Theater. Jorge Lanata Jorge Ernesto Lanata (Born September 12, 1960) is an Argentine journalist and writer. He has ventured into various genres such as investigative journalism, literature, documentaries, television, cinema and theater. of magazine, He has participated in the foundation of newspapers, magazines and news portals. Biography. He comes from a lower-middle class family from the town of Sarandí, in the district of Avellaneda (province of Buenos Aires). When he was seven years old, his mother was bedridden as a result of a brain operation for cancer. He was educated by his aunts and his grandmother. His first interview was with the poet Conrado Nalé Roxlo, whom he looked for in the telephone book. He did it after in elementary school someone close to them was asked for an interview, but he went further. He began writing in "Colmena", the medium of his secondary school ―Colegio San Martín (de Avellaneda)―, and the newspaper La Ciudad de Avellaneda reproduced some of those notes. In 1974, at the age of 14, he began working with the writing of informative cables at Radio Nacional. That year he won the Second Municipal Essay Prize with "The social issue in Argentine cinema." In 1978 he graduated from Colegio San Martín. During the last civic-military dictatorship in Argentina (1976-1983), he worked as a waiter in a bar that still exists. In 1977, he wrote notes for the magazine "Siete Días". In 2006 he received the «Premio a la Libertad» ("Freedom Award"), granted by the Atlas Foundation for a Free Society, which promotes the free market and of which he is one of its exclusive members. He participates in talks and debates organized by another liberal NGO: Fundación Libertad. In 2013 he was offered to run as a politician but he refused, arguing that he is a journalist and that he only dedicates himself to reporting. Together with his ex-partner Andrea Rodríguez they had his first daughter, Bárbara. He was married to Patricia Orlando from 1984 to 1986, then to Silvina Chediek from 1990 to 1991, and finally to Sara Stewart Brown between 1998 and 2016 (with whom he had his second daughter, Lola). Periodismo Para Todos. In 2012 Lanata came back to TV with a new show called "Periodismo para todos". The 2013 edition worked with the case of "the K money trail". In December 2015 the Citizen's Lab, at the Munk School for Global Affairs, at University of Toronto, identified Lanata and several other South American opposition figures as having their cellphones targeted for extrajudicial surveillance by government associated hackers. The Gorgon The Gorgon is a 1964 British Hammer horror movie directed by Terence Fisher and starring Christopher Lee, Peter Cushing, Barbara Shelley, Richard Pasco, Patrick Troughton, Jack Watson. Netherlands at the 1930 Women's World Games The Netherlands competed with a team of five athletes at the 1930 Women's World Games in Prague from 6 to 8 September 1930. With a total of 9 points, the Netherlands finished 6th. Athletes. There was a predetermined selection procedure to qualify for the Women's World Games. A team of 5 athletes was announced by the Royal Dutch Athletics Federation on 27 August 1930. The team moved to Prague on 2 September 1930. Results. Schuurman won the silver medal in both the 100 metres and 200 metres behind the Polish Stanisława Walasiewicz, with a "chest width" difference in the 200 metres. Gisolf won the silver medal in the high jump event. During the final, Gisolf got injured herself during her successfull jump of 1.57 metres toring thigh muscle during the run. She then tried to jump, to great encouragement from the crowd, but failed and had to and had to withdraw from the competition. Because of this Braumuller, the only remaining participant, won. Keith Micah Tan Keith Micah de luna Tan also known as Mike Tan or Atorni Mike is a Filipino politician. He served as the congressman of Quezon's 4th District from 2022 after his mother Angelina "Helen" Tan served-three terms from 2013-2022. Personal life. He is the son of Governor Angelina "Helen" Tan and Ronnel Tan. Dalimil Klapka Dalimil Klapka (22 May 1933 – 14 June 2022) was a Czech actor and dubber. He was born in Prague, Czech Republic. His career began in the 1960s and he dubbed Lieutenant Columbo in the Czech version of "Columbo", Abe Simpson in "The Simpsons" and Yoda in "". Also also voiced the Beggar in the Czech animated movie "Goat Story" and its sequel. Klapka died on 14 June 2022 at a Prague hospital from prostate cancer, aged 89. Canta Conmigo Ahora Canta Conmigo Ahora is an Argentine talent show produced by LaFlia Contents. It is the Argentine version of the British program All Together Now broadcast by the BBC One network. The presenter is Marcelo Tinelli. This new TV show is broadcast by eltrece and produced by LaFlia Contents. History. It is a singing contest that brings together 100 experts in the same place. They will meet many singers who seek to win the contest. At the beginning of May, the show program LAM announced that of the 100 jurors, some will be great figures recognized throughout the country and that among them, was the singer-songwriter Coti, thus being the first confirmed member of the jury. On May 10, 2022, the casting was launched to participate in the program. Judges. The protagonist of the program, in addition to its participants, will be the team of 100 jurors who will be different people who have to do with the musical world, of these only 15 will be recognized figures, here is the list of those confirmed: Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge The Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge is a rope bridge near Ballintoy in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Belle Meade, Tennessee Belle Meade is a city in Davidson County, Tennessee. Its total land area is . Its population was 2,912 at the time of the 2010 census. Showmatch Showmatch was an Argentine entertainment and humor program. It was hosted by Marcelo Tinelli. Reviews. Showmatch has aired for years as one of the most successful programs in the history of Argentine television. It is due to its great impact on the industry and its high audience numbers, generally managing to beat all its competition. These factors have managed to keep the program over time, considering it a true phenomenon. However, since 2015, the average rating of the program has dropped, getting low ratings never seen before. 2021 became the worst year for the program. History. Early history. It began broadcasting on April 4, 2005 on Channel 9. It was produced until 2017 by Ideas del Sur. It is the continuity of Videomatch, also from the same production company. From 2006 until its end, on December 10, 2021;  and except for the year 2013 and 2020 that did not air; was broadcast on El Trece. From 2018 to 2021, the production is in charge of LaFlia Contents. 2017 - 2021. After the rupture at the end of 2017 with Grupo Indalo (temporarily renamed Grupo Ceibo) after a year with many conflicts that almost caused the end of the program's broadcasts, the continuity of Showmatch was confirmed for 2018 and 2019 with the support of El Trece. However, as it turned out, the program had to change its name, since the Showmatch brand would not belong to the new production, so the possibility of taking the Videomatch name again was considered. However, given the protection of said name because it is owned by Telefe, the name used for the 2018 season is simply "Bailando 2018". In mid-June, it was confirmed that the program would return to its title Showmatch as before until its final season, in 2021. Sébastien Lecornu Sébastien Lecornu (; born 11 June 1986) is a French politician. He is in the government of Prime Minister Élisabeth Borne as Minister of the Armed Forces since 2022. Marco Mendicino Marco Mendicino (; born July 28, 1973) is a Canadian politician. He has been the Minister of Public Safety since October 26, 2021. He is a member of the Liberal Party. Mendicino represents Eglinton—Lawrence in the House of Commons since 2015. He was the Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship from 2019 to 2021. Joachim Nagel Joachim Nagel (born 31 May 1966) is a German economist and banker. In 2022, he became the President of the Bundesbank. He became a member of the Bank for International Settlements in 2020. He was a board member of the Deutsche Bundesbank from 2017 until 2020. Waking Ned Devine Waking Ned (titled Waking Ned Devine in Australia and North America) is a 1998 British Irish French American comedy movie directed first time director Kirk Jones. It stars Ian Bannen, David Kelly, Susan Lynch, Susan Gilmore, James Nesbitt, Fionnula Flanagan and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Athletics at the 1930 Women's World Games – 100 metres The 100 metres at the 1930 Women's World Games was held in Prague at the Letná Stadium, from 6-8 September 1930. Entrants. In August 1930, entrants were published of the athletes of 5 nations: the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy and Great Britain. Listed below are the athletes from these nations who were entered for the 200 metres event. Results. Heats. The heats took place on 6 September. Heat 1. Sources: Heat 2. Source: Heat 3. Source: Heat 4. Source: Heat 5. Sources: Semi-finals. The semi-finals took place on Sunday 7 September, with bad weather conditions. The top two athletes of each semi-final qualified for the final. Semi-final 3. Sources Final. 8 September Sources: Minerva, New York Minerva is a town in Essex County, New York, United States. The population was 809 at the 2010 census. The town is named after the Roman goddess of wisdom, Minerva. Fabrizio Frizzi Fabrizio Adriano Frizzi (5 February 1958 – 26 March 2018) was an Italian television presenter. He was best known for presenting a number of Rai-based television shows such as "L'eredità", "Scommettiamo che...?" and the Italian version of "Identity". He was also an occasional voice actor, giving his voice to Woody in the Italian broadcasts of the "Toy Story" films and other media. On 26 March 2018, Frizzi died following a cerebral hemorrhage, aged 60. Party wall surveyor The Party Wall Surveyor is a professional who specializes in the resolution of disputes arising under the Party Wall etc Act 1996. As of 1 July 1997, this legislation was only applicable to England and Wales. It replaced Part VI of the London Building Acts (Amendment) Act 1939, which only applied to Inner London Boroughs. Appointment and duties. Surveyors appointed under the provisions of the Act have a duty to the Act and not to the party or parties that appointed them. As the surveyor has an 'appointing owner', there is no client-surveyor relationship in the normal sense. The person appointed as a 'surveyor' under section 10 of the 1996 Act is not required to possess surveyor qualifications (or any other profession) and may accept the appointment if he or she is not a 'party to the matter'. It is possible for owners to appoint someone who has a good working knowledge of the Act. A party wall surveyor is responsible for resolving disputes between neighbours when proposed building works affect party structures, or are within a specified distance from a neighbour's property. The surveyor (Agreed Surveyor, where both parties agree on one individual) or surveyors (where both parties appoint their own surveyor) will resolve the dispute by making an Award, which is legally binding on both parties. Clingmans Dome The clingmans dome is a mountain in the Smokey Mountain that has been created by air pressure that keeps the shape of the bubble. The clingmans dome tower as of 27 June 2022 was finished building 62 years ago and was made to allow visitors an opportunity to see the mountains and valleys surrounding Clingman's Dome with an unobstructed view. This is located at the border of Tennessee-North Carolina. Sphaenorhynchus pauloalvini Paolo's lime tree frog ("Sphaenorhynchus pauloalvini") is a frog. It lives in Brazil. Some scientists believe that this frog should be in a group by itself, the sub-genus "Gabohyla". Other scientists think this frog should be in "Sphaenorhynchus". Athletics at the 1930 Women's World Games – 200 metres The 200 metres at the 1930 Women's World Games was held in Prague at the Letná Stadiumfrom 6-8 September 1930. Entrants. In August 1930, entrants were published of the athletes of 5 nations: the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy and Great Britain. Listed below are the athletes from these nations who were entered for the 200 metres event. Results. Heats. 6 September Heat 5. Sources: Semi-finals. The semi-finals took place on Sunday 7 September, with bad weather conditions. The top two athletes of each semi-final qualified for the final. Semi-final 3. Sources: Final. 8 September Sources: Walter Huston Walter Thomas Huston ( ; "né" Houghston; April 5, 1883 – April 7, 1950) was a Canadian actor and singer. Huston won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in "The Treasure of the Sierra Madre". His son was director John Huston. His grandchildren are Anjelica Huston, Danny Huston and Allegra Huston. On April 7, 1950, Huston died of an aortic aneurysm in his hotel room in Beverly Hills, California two days after his 67th birthday. Fred Zinnemann Alfred Zinnemann (April 29, 1907 – March 14, 1997) was an Austrian Empire-born American movie director and producer. He won four Academy Awards for directing and producing movies. He also won a BAFTA Award and two Golden Globe Awards. His best known movies were "The Search" (1947), "The Men" (1950), "High Noon" (1952), "From Here to Eternity" (1953), "Oklahoma!" (1955), "The Nun's Story" (1959), "A Man For All Seasons" (1966), "The Day of the Jackal" (1973), and "Julia" (1977). His movies have received 65 Oscar nominations, winning 24. His parents were Austrian Jews. He graduated with a law degree from the University of Vienna in 1927. He later studied at Ecole Technique de Photographie et Cinématographie in Paris to become a cameraman. Both of his parents were killed during the Holocaust. Zinnemann died of a heart attack in London, England on March 14, 1997 almost one month before his 90th birthday. White-faced whistling duck The white-faced whistling duck ("Dendrocygna viduata") is a whistling duck that breeds in sub-Saharan Africa and many parts of South America. Athletics at the 1930 Women's World Games – 800 metres The 800 metres at the 1930 Women's World Games was held in Prague, from 6-8 September 1930. Entrants. In August 1930 entrants were published of the athletes of 5 nations: the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy and Great Britain. Listed below are the athletes from these nations who were entered for the 800 metres events. Results. Semi-finals. 6 September Semi-final 2. Sources: Final. 8 September Sources: Wu Jin-yun Wu Jin-yun (3 March 1939 – 27 June 2022) was a Taiwanese athlete. She competed in the women's shot put and the women's discus throw at the 1960 Summer Olympics. Wu died on 27 June 2022, aged 83. A Martinez Adolfo Larrue Martínez III (born September 27, 1948) is an American actor and singer. He acted in the daytime soap operas "Santa Barbara", "General Hospital", "One Life to Live", "The Bold and the Beautiful", and "Days of Our Lives". Martinez plays Mayo in the television series "Queen of the South". In June 2022, Martinez was cast as Master Pakku in the Netflix live-action series "". His father was Mexican with Apache descent while his mother was of Northern European descent. Iranian Azeris The Iranian Azeris (Persian: ایرانیان آذربایجان; Azeri: ایران آذربایجانلیلاری), also known as Iranian Azerbaijanis, are Iranians of full or partial Azeri descent. Iranian Azeris are a Turkic-speaking people they are mainly descended from the earlier Iranian-speakers of the region. The mother tongue of most Iranian Azeris is Azeri language. Azeri language is a Turkic language learned and spoken by Iranian peasants. History. Ancient age. In the Achaemenid period Azerbaijan was part of the satrapy of Media. When the Achaemenid empire collapsed, Atropates, the Persian satrap of Media, made himself independent in the northwest of this region in 321 B.C. Thereafter Greek and Latin writers named the territory Media Atropatene or, less frequently, Media Minor. The Middle Persian form of the name was (early) Āturpātakān, (later) Ādurbādagān whence the New Persian Āḏarbāyjān. Medieval age. The Safavids, emerged in the Ardabil region of Iranian Azerbaijan and continued their existence until 1722/1736 by capturing all of Iranian Azerbaijan. The Safavids reasserted the Iranian identity of the region and established an independent Iranian state. It is estimated that the Safavid dynasty was partly or wholly of Kurdish origin. Later, Iranian Azerbaijan fell into the hands of Pahlavis in 1925. The Azerbaijan People's Government was founded in 1945 but was overthrown by the Pahlavis in 1946. With the 1979 Iranian Islamic revolution, Iranian Azerbaijan became a part of the Islamic Republic of Iran and has survived to the present day. Mercedes Funes Mercedes Romina Funes (Born; January 1, 1979) is an Argentine movie, stage and television actress. She is known for the antagonistic roles of her playing mostly villains. In 2010, she became recognized for having played the character of Luz Inchausti in the Argentine youth series "Casi Ángeles". Biography. Funes born in Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina on January 1, 1979, but after a while, she went to live with her family in Buenos Aires. There, at the age of 10, she convinced her parents to take her to a casting for a television program, where she was accepted and she began her acting career in Superclán (1990). Personal life. After 7 years of relationship, on April 22, 2006, Funes married actor Nicolás Vázquez in the Nuestra Señora del Guadalupe church. On August 15, 2007, she divorced the actor. Some time later, she began a relationship with a stock accountant named Fernando, with whom she was a couple until 2016. Since 2017, she has been in a relationship with Cecilio Flematti, whom she married on November 29, 2019. Paso Internacional Los Libertadores The Paso Internacional Los Libertadores, also called "Cristo Redentor" is a border crossing in the Andes Mountains between Argentina and Chile. It is the main route between Los Andes, Valparaíso Region, (Chile) and the province of Mendoza, (Argentina), in addition to allowing the passage of heavy vehicles between both countries. On the Argentine side, the access road has a slight incline until it finally enters a tunnel at 3,500 meters above sea level. The Chilean side has a large number of curves to save the steep slope. Alternative tunnels. To avoid a possible collapse of the border crossing in the event of a prolonged disabling of the main tunnel, the construction of two new tunnels has been proposed. The first is the Juan Pablo II Tunnel, which would be built 20 km from the current one at a height of 2,250 meters above sea level and would have a length of 27.2 km. This tunnel would join the towns of Horcones in Argentina, and Juncal in Chile. The other proposed tunnel, called Paso Las Leñas, would be built at 2,050 meters above sea level and would have a length of 13 km; uniting the commune of Machalí in Chile, with the town of El Sosneado, near San Rafael, in Argentina. Altitude sickness Altitude sickness is the harmful effect of high altitude. The mildest form is known as acute mountain sickness (AMS) Causes. It is caused by rapid exposure to low amounts of oxygen at high elevation. Altitude. The severity of the disorder is related to the speed of ascent and the altitude reached. These symptoms disappear when going to lower altitudes. It occurs from 2,500 meters in altitude, up to the so-called "death zone" at 7,500 meters in altitude. Hypoxia. The main cause is hypoxia (lack of oxygen in the body). Atmospheric pressure decreases with height, which affects the bio-availability of oxygen, since the pulmonary alveoli are not capable of transporting the same amount of oxygen to the blood as in a situation of higher pressure. Although it is known that hypoxia is the cause of this problem, the exact mechanism by which it causes it is still unknown. The amount of oxygen available to sustain mental and psychological attention decreases as altitude increases. The availability of oxygen and nitrogen, as well as their density, decrease with increasing altitude. Dehydration. Dehydration due to accelerated loss of water vapor due to altitude can lead to symptoms of altitude sickness. The speed with which one ascends, the initial height, physical activity, as well as individual susceptibility are factors that contribute to this discomfort. Prevention. Altitude sickness can be prevented by climbing slowly. In most cases, symptoms are temporary and usually reduce as altitude acclimatization occurs. However, in extreme cases, altitude sickness can be fatal. Essen (Oldenburg) Essen (Oldenburg) is a municipality in Cloppenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is on the river Hase, about north of Quakenbrück and southwest of Cloppenburg. Essen has the following villages: Addrup, Ahausen, Barlage, Bartmannsholte, Beverdiek, Bevern, Bokel, Brokstreek, Calhorn, Darrel, Essen proper, Felde, Gut Lage, Herbergen, Hülsenmoor, Nordholte, Osteressen, Sandloh and Uptloh. Addrup Addrup is a village in Cloppenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Geography. Addrup borders the villages of Gut Lage, Uptloh, Bevern, Calhorn and Stadtsholte within the Essen (Oldenburg) municipality. To the east, Addrup borders Lüsche in Bakum in Vechta. Being on the border of the districts of Cloppenburg and Vechta, Addrup is in the center of the Oldenburg Münsterland. Friesoythe Friesoythe (Saterland Frisian: "Ait" or "Äit") is a town in Cloppenburg, Lower Saxony, Germany, on the river Soeste, northwest of Cloppenburg, and southwest of Oldenburg. Garrel Garrel is a municipality in Cloppenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is about 15 km north of Cloppenburg, and 25 km southwest of Oldenburg. Lastrup Lastrup is a municipality in Cloppenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is about 15 km southwest of Cloppenburg. Lindern Lindern is a municipality in Cloppenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is about 20 km west of Cloppenburg. Löningen Löningen () is a town in Cloppenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. The town is on the river Hase, about 25 km southwest of Cloppenburg. Molbergen Molbergen is a municipality in Cloppenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany, about west of Cloppenburg. Bethen Bethen is a small town on the edge of the German city Cloppenburg in Lower Saxony. It is a Marian shrine, as such first mentioned in 1448. Scharrel Scharrel (Saterland Frisian: Skäddel) is a village and former municipality in Lower Saxony. In 1974 the until then independent municipality became part of the newly formed municipality of Saterland in Cloppenburg. Bophuthatswana Bophuthatswana, officially called the Republic of Bophuthatswana, was a Bantustan that became independent from South Africa during Apartheid, but like other Bantustans, only South Africa recognised its independence. The official languages were Setswana, English and Afrikaans. Lefatshe leno la bo-rrarona Lefatshe Leno la Bo-Rrarona was the national anthem of Bophuthatswana, a Bantustan that was recognised as independent by South Africa during Apartheid. It is stated as the national anthem in the Constitution of Bophuthatswana. Arensch Arensch is a local part of Cuxhaven, a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. Döse Döse (Low German: "Döös") the northernmost town in Lower Saxony, Germany at the point where the River Elbe flows into the North Sea. It is a borough of the city Cuxhaven and a popular seaside resort. Döse is west of Grimmershörn in the borough of Cuxhaven and is one of the tourist centres of the region of Cuxland. Armstorf Armstorf is a municipality in Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Belum Belum is a municipality in Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Beverstedt Beverstedt is a municipality in Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is about 20 km southeast of Bremerhaven, and 40 km north of Bremen. Beverstedt was the seat of the former "Samtgemeinde" ("collective municipality") Beverstedt. Beverstedt (Samtgemeinde) Beverstedt is a former "Samtgemeinde" ("collective municipality") in Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat was in the town Beverstedt. It was disbanded on 1 November 2011, when its municipalities combined into the municipality Beverstedt. The collective municipality Beverstedt had the following municipalities: Appeln Appeln is a village and a former municipality in Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2011, it is part of the municipality Beverstedt. Altes Amt Ebstorf Altes Amt Ebstorf is a former "Samtgemeinde" ("collective municipality") in Uelzen, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Its seat was in the village Ebstorf. At the 1 November 2011 local government reform, the collective municipality Bevensen and Altes Amt Ebstorf combined to form the new collective municipality Bevensen-Ebstorf. The collective municipality Altes Amt Ebstorf had the following municipalities: Am Dobrock Am Dobrock is a former "Samtgemeinde" ("collective municipality") in Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is near the convergence of the rivers Oste and Elbe, about 25 km east of Cuxhaven, and 15 km south of Brunsbüttel. Its seat is in the village Cadenberge. On 1 November 2016 it was combined into the collective municipality Land Hadeln. The collective municipality Am Dobrock had the following municipalities: Zeppelin (movie) Zeppelin is a 1971 British World War I action adventure drama movie directed by Étienne Périer and starring Michael York, Elke Sommer, Peter Carsten, Marius Goring, Anton Diffring, Andrew Keir, Rupert Davies, Alexandra Stewart, Clive Morton. It was distributed by Warner Bros. and is rated PG in New Zealand. Martin Fierro Awards The Martín Fierro Awards are the television and radio awards in Argentina, organized by the Argentine Association of Television and Radio Journalists (APTRA). Since its first edition in 1959, the Martín Fierro awards have been considered the most relevant and recognized awards for Argentine television and radio within the country. Reviews. They were given for the first time in 1959. In addition, prizes are awarded to the best of cable television and to the best of the interior of the country. Likewise, since 2018, the Martín Fierro Digital Awards have been awarded, which reward content creators on digital platforms. The ceremony, which takes place every year, is usually accompanied by a dinner, and brings together celebrities and stars of the Argentine show business. Most of the broadcasts were made live, achieving high audience levels and also controversies that reverberated before, during and after the event. WWE 2K20 WWE 2K20 is a professional wrestling video game based on WWE 2K. It was released on March 12, 2019. WWE 2K19 WWE 2K19 is a professional wrestling video game based on WWE 2K. It was released on October 5, 2018. WWE 2K18 WWE 2K18 is a professional wrestling video game based on WWE 2K. It was released on October 6, 2017. WWE 2K17 WWE 2K17 is a professional wrestling video game based on WWE 2K. It was released on October 7, 2016. WWE '13 WWE '13 is a professional wrestling video game based on WWE 2K. It was released on July 20, 2012. The Key (1983 movie) The Key () is a 1983 Italian erotic drama movie directed by Tinto Brass and was based on the 1956 novel of the same name by Junichiro Tanizaki. It stars Frank Finlay, Stefania Sandrelli, Barbara Cupisti, Ricky Tognazzi, Ugo Tognazzi. Unseptbium Unseptbium is a hypothetical chemical element with atomic number 172. Based on the trends of the periodic table, it would likely be a noble gas. It has the symbol Usb. Doug Peltz Doug Peltz, popularly known as Mystery Doug, is an American science communicator and entrepreneur based in San Francisco. He is best known as the host of the weekly science show Mystery Doug (2017 - today), now being watched by 1 out of every 5 children in the U.S., and the co-founder and voice behind the popular science curriculum Mystery Science. He was the first to discover that the Mediterranean red bug was now present in North America. He has been featured by Forbes, Wall Street Journal, NBC News, OC Register, TechCrunch, Business Insider, and other news outlets for his unique way of explaining science. As one of the most prominent science explainers around the time of the Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017, his video explaining the phenomenon was viewed 30 million times, more than the videos by NASA, National Geographic, and Discovery. Career. In 2013, Peltz co-founded Mystery Science with Keith Schacht. Mystery Science creates open-and-go lessons for elementary teachers and helps them teach science without requiring a background in science. A couple notable interviews with Y Combinator, one their investors, detailed an unconventional business model in which the company sold to schools and districts across the United States without a sales team. Mystery Science has grown to be the most widely used science resource in American elementary schools; it is used by more than 50% of elementary schools reaching more than four million children each month. In October of 2020, Mystery Science became a wholly owned subsidiary of Discovery Education. The O2 Arena The O2 Arena, also known as the O2, is an indoor arena in the centre of the O2 entertainment center on the Greenwich Peninsula in southeast London. It opened in 2007. It has the second-highest seating capacity of any indoor venue in the United Kingdom. Neila Tavares Neila Tavares (18 September 1948 – 4 June 2022) was a Brazilian actress, television presenter and journalist. She was born in Niterói, Brazil. Tavares began her career in 1968. She was known for her roles in telenovelas such as "Anjo Mau" and "Gabriela". She retired from acting in 2013. She also worked as a presenter for Rede Manchete and TVE Brasil. Tavares died from emphysema on 4 June 2022 in Rio das Ostras, Brazil at the age of 73. Rio das Ostras Rio das Ostras (, ) is a city in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Eiko Kaneta Eiko Kaneta ( "Kaneta Eikō"; 30 December 1942 – 17 June 2022) was a Japanese politician. He was a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. He was in the House of Representatives from 1993 to 2005. Kaneta was born in Asahikawa, Japan. Kaneta died in Tokyo, Japan on 17 June 2022 from heart failure at the age of 79. Michael C. Stenger Michael C. Stenger (1950/1951 – June 27, 2022) was an American law enforcement officer. He was the 41st Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate from April 16, 2018, to January 7, 2021. He resigned after a mob of Donald Trump supporters attacked the United States Capitol. Before, he was a United States Secret Service agent. Stenger died on June 27, 2022 at the age of 71. 2022 East London tavern disaster On 26 June 2022, at least 21 people died during a celebration at the Enyobeni Tavern, a nightclub in East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Four more people were injured. No causes of death have been found. Cause of death In law, medicine, and statistics, cause of death is the official reason that caused a human's death, which may be recorded on a death certificate. A cause of death is done by a medical examiner. The cause of death is a specific disease or injury, instead of manner of death which is a small number of categories like "natural", "accident", "suicide", and "homicide". East London, Eastern Cape East London (; ) is a city on the southeast coast of South Africa. It is in the Eastern Cape province. The city lies on the Indian Ocean coast. In 2011, East London had a population of over 267,000. 2022 Kremenchuk missile strike On 27 June 2022, missiles from the Russian Armed Forces were fired into central Kremenchuk in Poltava Oblast, hitting the Amstor shopping mall and the Kredmash road machinery plant. The attack killed at least 20 people and injured at least 56. A three-day period of official mourning was declared in the city. Russia's defence ministry officially said they were reponsible for the attack, saying that they hit a weapons depot in a nearby factory and that the detonation of munitions caused the fire to spread to the shopping centre. On June 29, the United Kingdom's Defence ministry said that it is possible that the missile was not aimed at the mall, but that is was intended to hit a nearby infrastructure target. Russian media and officials carried conflicting stories about the attack. Those claims were found to be false by multiple organizations. 2022 Missouri train derailment On June 27, 2022, the "Southwest Chief", a passenger train operated by Amtrak, derailed near the small town of Mendon, Missouri. This was caused by the train hitting a dump truck that was in the way of a railroad crossing near Mendon. The train was travelling from Los Angeles to Chicago, with stops. 243 passengers and 12 crew members were onboard. Three deaths have been reported, two onboard the train and the truck driver, along with at least 50 injuries. Dump truck A dump truck, known also as a dumping truck, dump trailer, dumper trailer, dump lorry or dumper lorry or a dumper for short, is a truck-like vehicle used for transporting dirt, gravel, or waste for construction. Varinder Singh Varinder Singh (16 May 1947 – 28 June 2022) was an Indian field hockey player. He won a bronze medal at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. He also competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics. Singh was born in Jalandhar, then-British Raj. Singh died on 28 June 2022 at a private hospital in Jalandhar at the age of 75. The Journey of Natty Gann The Journey of Natty Gann is a 1985 American family adventure movie directed by Jeremy Paul Kagan and starring Meredith Salenger, John Cusack, Ray Wise, Lainie Kazan, Scatman Crothers, Barry Miller, Garry Chalk, Bruce Boa. It was distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. Loincloth A loincloth is a piece of cloth or leather that covers the gentitals, and sometimes the buttocks. Usually, it is held in place by piece of string or a belt. Loincloths have been used all over the world. A G-string is a modern version of a loincloth. Like a Rock Like a Rock is the thirteenth studio album by Bob Seger. The album was released on April 14, 1986. Athletics at the 1930 Women's World Games – 80 metres hurdles The 80 metres hurdles at the 1930 Women's World Games was held in Prague at the Letná Stadium, from 6-8 September 1930. Entrants. In August 1930 entrants were published of the athletes of 5 nations: the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy and Great Britain. Listed below are the athletes from these nations who were entered for the 80 metres hurdles event. Note that there are some discrepancies with those names and the names listed in newspapers during the competition. Gold medal winner Maj Jakobsson and British Cornell are not on the published enterants overview. Results. Heats. The heats took place on 6 September 1930. Semi-finals. The semi-finals took place on Sunday 7 September, with bad weather conditions. The top two athletes of each semi-final qualified for the final. Final. 8 September Sources: Sphaenorhynchus prasinus Bokermann's lime tree frog ("Sphaenorhynchus prasinus") is a frog. It lives in Brazil. Instinctive drowning response The instinctive drowning response is a reaction humans have when they are close to drowning. The response is more common in non-swimmers. It is focused on trying to keep the mouth above water to without using too much effort, and trying to signal for help Elthorne Park High School Elthorne park high school is a english secondary school located in Ealing, London. It is home to many students ranging from year 7 to a 6th form. Cüneyt Arkın Fahrettin Cüreklibatır (7 September 1937 – 28 June 2022), better known by his stage name Cüneyt Arkın, was a Turkish movie actor, director, producer and martial artist. He was known for his movie roles in "The Mine", "Dünyayı Kurtaran Adam" and "Paramparça". Having starred in more 300 movies and television series, he is widely considered one of the most prominent Turkish actors of all time. In his roles, Arkın did all of his dangerous stunts often without safety equipment and was injured many times. Arkın was born in Odunpazarı, a district in the city of Eskişehir, Turkey. Arkın died on 28 June 2022 from cardiac arrest at a hospital in Istanbul, Turkey at the age of 84. Fina García Marruz Josefina García-Marruz Badía (28 April 1923 – 27 June 2022), also known as Fina García Marruz, was a Cuban poet and literary researcher. García Marruz was born in Havana, Cuba. She won the National Prize for Literature in 1990. She also won the Pablo Neruda Ibero-American Poetry Award (2007), and the Reina Sofía de Poesía Iberoamericana (2011). García Marruz died on 27 June 2022 in Havana at the age of 99. Natalka Sniadanko Natalka Volodymyrivna Sniadanko () is a Ukrainian writer, journalist, and translator. She translates texts from German and Polish into Ukrainian. In 2011, Natalka won the Joseph Conrad Korzeniowski Literary Prize in 2011. Ivan Gel Ivan Gel (July 17, 1937, Klitsko (today Lviv Raion) – March 16, 2011) is a Ukrainian politician and dissident. He was a cofounder and a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group. Gel was an active participant in public and political life. He is an author of the book "Faces of Culture" about Ukrainian culture under the Russian occupation. Petro Bolbochan Petro Bolbochan (October 5, 1883, Yarivka village, Chernivtsi Oblast - June 28, 1919, Balyn village, Khmelnytskyi Oblast) is Ukrainian military figure, colonel of the Army of the Ukrainian People's Republic. From November 1918 to January 1919, Bolbochan was the Defense of Northeastern Ukraine. During the First World War he was an officer of the 38th Tobolsk Regiment. Hennadii Vatsak Vatsak Hennadiy (born February 9, 1972, Mohyliv-Podilskyi, Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukrainian SSR) is a Ukrainian businessman and philanthropist. He owns the "Vacak" Confectionery House. Vatsak Hennadiy was Deputy of Ukraine of the IX convocation. He was a member of the deputy group "For the Future". Kite (brand) Kite is a brand of backpacks and stationery. The company founded in 2007. The range includes more than 190 models of backpacks. They are made children's preschool backpacks, orthopedic school backpacks, backpacks for the city, sports bags are made. Mamamusic Mamamusic is a Ukrainian record label. Yurii Nikitin privately owned and operated the company. Now Mamamusic supports Verka Serdyuchka, Olha Horbachova, KAZKA band, Roxolana. OWOX OWOX  is a Ukrainian software company. The team creates a web analytics and business intelligence products and services. Vladyslav Flaks is the CEO of OWOX. Lifecell lifecell is a Ukrainian mobile telephone network operator. The company is a branch of Turkcell. Lifecell's dialing prefixes are +38063, +38093 and +38073. István Tóth István-Elod Tóth is a former Hungarian Olympian. He won the silver medal in wrestling, at the Olympic Games in Moscow, 1980. He was world Champion in 1979 and 1981. Laughing gull The laughing gull ("Leucophaeus atricilla") is a type of gull in North and South America. Laughing gulls are omnivores, they eat plants and animals. Description. The laughing gull breeds on the Atlantic coast of North America, the Caribbean, and northern parts of South America. Bokel, Lower Saxony Bokel is a village and a former municipality in Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2011, it is part of the municipality Beverstedt. Spennymoor Spennymoor is a town in Tyne and Wear. Frelsdorf Frelsdorf is a village and a former municipality in Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2011, it is part of the municipality Beverstedt. Heerstedt Heerstedt is a village and a former municipality in Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2011, it is part of the municipality Beverstedt. Hollen Hollen is a village and a former municipality in Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2011, it is part of the municipality Beverstedt. Kirchwistedt Kirchwistedt is a village and a former municipality in Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2011, it is part of the municipality Beverstedt. Lunestedt Lunestedt is a village and a former municipality in Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2011, it is part of the municipality Beverstedt. Osterndorf Osterndorf is a town in the collective municipality of Beverstedt, in Cuxhaven, Lower Saxony, Germany. Stubben Stubben is a village and a former municipality in Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2011, it is part of the municipality Beverstedt. Bülkau Bülkau is a municipality in Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Second Hellenic Republic The Second Hellenic Republic was a Greek republic. It existed between 1924 and 1935. The republic was founded after the fall of the Kingdom of Greece. Tessa Gordon Tessa Gordon (born 27 January 1967) is a Trinidad and Tobago-born Canadian taekwondo athlete. She competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics, where taekwondo was a demonstration sport, in the welterweight event. She won a bronze medal at the 1987 World Taekwondo Championships. At the 1987 World Taekwondo Championships she won the bronze medal and at the Pan American Taekwondo Championships she won the gold medal in 1986 and the silver medal in 1988. Amparo Dols Amparo Dols (born 25 July 1968 Valencia) is a Spanish taekwondo athlete. She competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics, finishing third in the Featherweight division, where taekwondo was a demonstration sport, She won a bronze medal at the 1988 European Taekwondo Championships in the –55 kg category. The Hurt Locker The Hurt Locker is 2008 American war thriller movie directed by Kathryn Bigelow. It stars Jeremy Renner, Anthony Mackie, Brian Geraghty, Christian Camargo, Ralph Fiennes, David Morse, and Guy Pearce. The movie is set in the Iraq War and is about an Explosive Ordnance Disposal team. The movie was a major critical success. Many critics consider it the best movie of 2009 and one of the best films of the 2000s. The movie is part of the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress. Plot. It is the year 2004 during the Iraq War. Sergeant First Class William James replaces Matthew Thompson, who died from an improvised explosive device (IED). William leads an explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) team to disarm bombs and explosives. Sergeant J. T. Sanborn and Specialist Owen Eldridge are also on the team. There are 38 days left on their job to disarm bombs. James becomes friends with an Iraqi child called Beckham, who sells him DVDs. The other team members think that William is reckless with the bombs. Once, James goes back for his gloves near the bomb. Tension develops. Sanborn considers killing William with the explosives. The team meets British mercenaries and private military contractors. They have two prisoners. Together they are attacked. The prisoners try to escape but are shot. At a warehouse, William finds a body of a boy. There is a bomb in the body. He thinks it is Beckham. The team evacuates the warehouse, but Lieutenant Colonel John Cambridge dies in an explosion. He is a psychiatrist and friend of Eldridge. James tries to find the one responsible for the boy's death. His team splits up, and Eldridge is captured. Eldridge is rescued but shot in the leg. The next day, James meets Beckham but does not talk. Eldridge is taken to surgery and blames James. James and Sanborn have to disarm a bomb on a man two days later. James cannot rescue the man, and the man explodes with the bomb. Sanborn says he cannot stand it anymore and wants to go home to his family. After the end of their rotation, James returns to his ex-wife Connie and his son. He is bored and prefers to disarm bombs. He starts another line of duty that is now 365 days. Reception. The movie had very positive reviews. It has a 97% on Rotten Tomatoes. Critics found the movie to the gripping, intense and full of suspense. Roger Ebert rated it the best film of 2009 and second best movie of the decade. It made the top ten lists of many movie critics. Critics praised Jeremy Renner for his acting and Kathryn Bigelow as director. Veterans criticized that the movie was inaccurate in portraying the Army. The movie had nine nominations at the 82nd Academy Awards. It won the following six: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Film Editing. "The Hurt Locker" was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards. Kathryn Bigelow won several awards for directing including a BAFTA Award, Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Director, and Best Director Award from Chicago, Boston, Las Vegas, Los Angeles and New York' film critics groups. North Sea Empire The North Sea Empire was a union with England, Denmark, and Norway. It lasted between 1013 and 1042. Kandhkot Kandhkot is the city and tehsil in Kashmore district in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is 98th largest city of Pakistan. Poste Italiane Poste Italiane (English: "Italian Post") is an Italian postal service. In addition to postal services, the company provides logistics, financial and insurance services throughout Italy. History. An organization dealing with postal services in Italy was founded in 1862. This was a consequence of the postal reform. In 1996, Poste Italiane became a state-owned business ("Società per Azioni"). In February 1998, the Ministry of the Treasury appointed Corrado Passera, as the CEO of the newly formed Poste Italiane. In 2011, Poste Italiane acquired UniCredit MedioCredito Centrale. In 2014, the Italian government approved the sale of 40% of the company's shares. In 2016, another 35% of shares were transferred from the ministry to Cassa Depositi e Prestiti. Nici Mür Nici W. Mür (born 1900s) was a Dutch sprinter and discus thrower in the 1920s. She was a member of Hygiëa, The Hague and the national team. Career. Her earliest national level competition was at the 1925 Dutch national championships where she won with her club the silver medal in the 4x 80 metres relay. In 1926 she became Dutch national champion in the 4x 100 metres. In 1927, after good individual performance at the district champhinships, she became a week later national champion in the discus throw event. At the national championships Mür also became for the second consecutive year Dutch national champion in the 4x 100 metres together with Martha Kolthof, Willy Hamerslag and Nettie Grooss with a time of 55 seconds. In the reports of her national discus throw title it was somehow criticized that het trow was over four meters below the national record. She showed in September 1927 she was a good discus thrower, throwing 24.11 metres in an out of competition record attempt, beating the old record of Martha Kolthof. For her record she received a special prize. While newspapers reported it as a new national record, the record was not recognized by the Dutch athletics federation. Mür represented the Netherlands at two international competitions. She competed at the international competition against Belgium. She also competed at the international tournament against Germany in Dortmund. Only a few women’s events were included at the 1928 Summer Olympics. The Netherlands could only send a limited amount of athletes. Mür was a reserve athlete and didn’t compete at the Games. On of her last competitions, was the 1929 regional championships where she won the discus throw event. National Geographic Channel Korea (American TV channel) National Geographic Korea is an Korean language TV channel in the US. Grammarly Grammarly is an online text editor based on artificial intelligence. The editor checks spelling, grammar, punctuation and other mistakes. Established in 2009 by Ukrainians Alex Shevchenko, Max Lytvyn, and Dmytro Lider. In 2018, Grammarly launched the beta version. As of 2022, it is available as a browser extension. The company is headquartered in San Francisco, California, USA. The company's offices are located in Kyiv, New York and Vancouver. Joe Aillet Stadium Joe Aillet Stadium (formerly Louisiana Tech Stadium) is a college football stadium in Ruston, Louisiana and the home field of the Louisiana Tech University Bulldogs football team, which competes in Conference USA. The football stadium replaced the original Tech Stadium where the school's football program played its home games on campus until 1967. Netguru Netguru is a Polish software company. Its headquarters is in Poznań, Poland. The company was three times in Deloitte's Technology Fast 50 Central Europe ranking, and twice on the "FT 1000," the Financial Times list of fastest-growing companies in Europe. History. The company was founded in 2008 by Wiktor Schmidt, Jakub Filipowski, and Adam Zygadlewicz. In 2014, Netguru moved into Israel and the Middle East markets. In 2015, the company joined the London fintech community. In 2018, Netguru reached an annual turnover of about PLN 80 million. In 2019, Netguru's chief operating officer Marek Talarczyk became the company's new CEO. Louisiana Scholars' College The Louisiana Scholars' College at Northwestern State University, or "Scholars' College" as it is known by its students and faculty, is Louisiana's only designated four-year, selective-admissions honors college in the liberal arts and sciences. Sigma Software Sigma Software is a Swedish-Ukrainian software company. The company is on the list of TOP-20 largest IT companies in Ukraine. Sigma Software is a member of the European Business Association. History. Sigma Software was founded in 2002 in Kharkiv, Ukraine as Eclipse Software Programming (Eclipse SP). In 2007, Eclipse SP joined the Swedish company Sigma AB. In 2011, the company was renamed Sigma Ukraine, and in 2014 – to Sigma Software. In 2011–2019, Sigma Software organized NETwork conferences. PGNiG PGNiG or Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo (English: Polish Oil Mining and Gas Extraction) is a Polish oil and gas company. PGNiG is controlled by the state. The company headquartered in Warsaw, Poland. PGNiG is listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. History. PGNiG was established in 1982. In 1996, the company was transformed into a joint-stock company. In 2004, it became Sp (Spółka Akcyjna). In 2011, PGNiG purchased 99.8% of Vattenfall Heat Poland's assets. In 2018, PGNiG signed a contract with Cheniere Marketing International. In 2021, PGNiG was ranked №58 in the Arctic Environmental Responsibility Index (AERI). Islanders Islanders may mean: Fire Country Fire Country is an American drama television series created by Max Thieriot that is set to air on CBS on October 7, 2022. The series is produced by CBS Studios and Universal Television, with Thieriot, Tony Phelan, and Joan Rater serving as executive producers. Summary. In "Fire Country", seeking redemption and a shortened prison sentence, young convict Bode Donovan (Thieriot) joins a firefighting program that returns him to his small Northern California hometown, where he and other inmates work alongside elite firefighters to extinguish massive blazes across the region. Production. Development. Fire Country was created by Max Thieriot. On November 15, 2021, the show was put into development at CBS, with Thieriot serving as executive producer. Tony Phelan and Joan Rater were also announced as executive producers. On February 4, 2022, it was officially ordered to pilot. Shooting for the pilot took place from March to April 2022, in Vancouver, Canada. It was directed by James Strong. On May 12, 2022, "Fire Country" was officially picked up to series. Casting. Casting for the main cast started in February 2022 with Max Thieriot, and ended with Jules Latimer. Courtesy name In East Asia, a courtesy name () is a name given to a person when they become an adult. It is also known as a style name. Today, not many Chinese people have courtesy names. Castle Keep Castle Keep is a 1969 American World War II comedy-drama movie directed by Sydney Pollack and was based on the 1965 novel of the same name by William Eastlake. It stars Burt Lancaster, Patrick O'Neal, Jean-Pierre Aumont, Peter Falk, Scott Wilson, Tony Bill, James Patterson, Bruce Dern, Michael Conrad and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. Alexi Giannoulias Alexander Giannoulias ( ; born March 16, 1976) is an American financier and politician who is the Illinois Secretary of State-elect. Giannoulias ran as the Democratic nominee for Secretary of State in 2022. He was the 72nd Illinois Treasurer from 2007 to 2011. He is a Democrat. He was a candidate in the 2010 elections for the United States Senate, but lost to Republican Mark Kirk. Waqas Ahmed (Norwegian cricketer) Waqas Ahmed was born 9 June, 1991 in Oslo. He is a Norwegian cricketer who plays Twenty20 Internationals for Norway. Jonathan Jackson (Illinois politician) Jonathan Luther Jackson (born January 7, 1966) is an American politician, business professor, businessman and social justice activist. He is the national spokesman for the Rainbow/PUSH Coalition. His father is activist Jesse Jackson. He is the Democratic nominee for the United States House of Representatives for Illinois's 1st congressional district in 2022. 2022 Melilla incident On June 24, 2022, at least 37 migrants were killed at the during an issue with Moroccan and Spanish security forces. Issues broke out as between 500 and 2,000 people gathered in the early hours of the day to cross the border with Spain. Incident. The incident happened in the morning when around 2,000 migrants crossing from Morocco tried to attack and break through the Melilla border fence. Security forces from both nations managed to stop the crowd. But they resulted in violent fighting with the migrants lasting for two hours. Spanish and Moroccan officials said that migrants had assaulted their border guards with weapons and they had to fight back in self-defense. According to authorities, fleeing migrants trampled over each other causing a human stampede and killing several people. Several other migrants fell from the fence onto the ground. At least 18 migrants were killed, five of them died during the crossing attempt and thirteen of them died from their injuries in the hospital. Morocco said that at least 63 other migrants had injuries and that 140 Moroccan officers had been hurt, five seriously, and 49 were lightly injured. The Moroccan Association for Human Rights said that 29 migrants had been killed, while 133 people managed to cross the fence. A number of from Spain to Morocco took place. An called Walking Borders estimated at least 37 killed. NGOs also reported that two Moroccan gendarmes were killed. Prime Minister of Spain Pedro Sánchez said that the incident was a "well-organized, violent assault" by organized crime groups and thanked Spanish and Moroccan security forces for their actions. Sidi Salem cemetery operators prepared several graves where the Moroccan authorities plan to bury the deceased. Among the detainees held in custody in , a group of 32 people with the most serious offences were charged by the Moroccan public prosecutor's office. They were charged with "organizing and facilitating the clandestine entry and exit of people to and from Morocco on a regular basis", kidnapping and retention of a civil servant to use them as a hostage, setting a fire in the forest, and insults and violence against Moroccan law enforcement agents. Another group of 33 detainees were charged with minor offences. Reactions. Faced with the informative silence throughout the day of the events and the leaking of videos and photographs of several unconscious, neglected, bloody, crowded and dead migrants in police custody, the situation took on a lot of international media coverage. The Prime Minister of the , () justified the intervention and pointed out that “it is necessary to recognize the extraordinary work that the Moroccan Government has done in coordination with the security forces of the State of Spain for try to avoid a violent assault, it has been well-resolved by the two security forces", in addition to recognizing and thanking" the importance of having with a strategic partner such as Morocco "and pointing out the mafias as the only culprits of the events that occurred". Several of the actions condemned by human rights organizations have also occurred in Spanish jurisdiction and not only in Morocco, as initially pointed out. The denied in statements to that it knew anything about this matter. According to Moroccan police sources, it was an action measured "by the use of very violent methods" by migrants and that they died "only by the avalanche of people" while crossing it. Algerian President publicly accused Morocco of having committed "a carnage" in Melilla. President-elect of Colombia expressed his solidarity with the families of the "massacred victims". He also reaffirmed his commitment "to all African peoples fighting hunger and for life." Due to media pressure, the convened an emergency meeting with representatives of African states to justify the actions alleging the violence by migrants when crossing the prison. In the case of the European Commission, its spokeswoman for Foreign Affairs and Security, , postulated that the European authorities had contacted the Moroccans to try to understand the event, but avoided demanding any report or research commission. 10 NGOs requested the identification and return of the remains to their families instead of a swift burial in the Sidi Salem cemetery near Nador. On June 26, hundreds of people demonstrated in Madrid, Barcelona and other Spanish cities against the "massacre" of at least 37 migrants. They asked for explanations for what happened, both from the Spanish and the Moroccan governments. On June 27, the African Union Commission called for an investigation into the Melilla tragedy. 2022 Aqaba toxic gas leak On 27 June 2022, a toxic gas leak happened at the Port of Aqaba in Aqaba, Jordan. A container carrying 25 tons of chlorine fell from a crane onto a docked ship and leaked. The incident killed at least fourteen people and injured more than 265. 2022 San Antonio trailer deaths On June 27, 2022, 51 bodies were found in and around a tractor-trailer near Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas, United States. The deaths happened during an illegal immigrant smuggling attempt in South Texas. It is the deadliest smuggling incident of its kind in American history. Three people have been taken into custody. Colin Blakemore Sir Colin Blakemore, , Hon (1 June 1944 – 27 June 2022) was a British neurobiologist. His works focused in vision and the development of the brain. He was Yeung Kin Man Professor of Neuroscience and Senior Fellow of the Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study, City University of Hong Kong. He was an Emeritus Professor of Neuroscience at the University of Oxford. He was called by "The Observer" as both "one of the most powerful scientists in the UK" and "a hate figure for the animal rights movement" for his support of animal testing in science. Dennis Egan Dennis William Egan (March 3, 1947 – June 28, 2022) was an American politician. He was a member of the Alaska Senate representing Juneau from 2009 to 2019. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was the Mayor of Juneau from 1995 to 2000. Before politics, he was a radio broadcaster for KINY. Egan was born in Juneau. Egan died on June 28, 2022 in Salem, Oregon at the age of 75. Katja Husen Katja Husen (12 June 1976 – 28 June 2022) was a Turkish-born German biologist and politician. She was a member of Alliance 90/The Greens. She was in the Hamburg Parliament from 2004 to 2008. Husen was born in Istanbul, Turkey. Husen died after falling off her bike in Bayrischzell, Germany on 28 June 2022 at the age of 46. Hichem Rostom Hichem Rostom (26 May 1947 – 28 June 2022) was a Tunisian actor and theatre director. He has appeared in more than 70 movies. His career began in 1987. He was known for his role in "Golden Horseshoes" (1989). Rostom died on June 28, 2022 in Tunis, Tunisia at the age of 75. Ryuzo Sasaki was a Japanese politician of the Democratic Party of Japan. He was a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet from 1993 to 2000 and again from 2005 to 2012. He was born in Fukui, Japan. Sasaki died on 28 June 2022 from problems caused by a heart attack at a Fukui hospital, aged 65. Rolf Skoglund Rolf Fredrik Skoglund (11 August 1940 – 28 June 2022) was a Swedish actor. He won the Eugene O'Neill Award in 2007. He was known for his roles in "Vi hade i alla fall tur med vädret", "Fångarna på fortet" and "Jönssonligan spelar högt". Skoglund was born in Stockholm, Sweden. His career began in 1963 and he retired in 2021. Skoglund died on 28 Junee 2022 at his home in Stockholm from non-Hodgkin lymphoma at the age of 81. Summer of '42 Summer of '42 is a 1971 American teen romantic drama movie directed by Robert Mulligan and starring Jennifer O'Neill, Gary Grimes, Jerry Houser, Christopher Norris, Lou Frizzell. It was distributed by Warner Bros. and won an Academy Award in 1972 and was nominated for 3 Oscars. Athletics at the 1930 Women's World Games – 4 × 100 metres relay The 4 × 100 metres relay at the 1930 Women's World Games was held in Prague at the Letná Stadium, from 7 to 8 September. Results. Heats. The heats took place on Sunday 7 September as the last event of the day, with bad weather conditions. The top two nations of each heat qualified for the final. Final. The final took place on 8 September 1930. Sources: The names in "italic" are highly likely the runners of these nations, as these sprinters are the nations' main 100 metres athletes at the Games. 2022 Ecuadorian protests A series of protests against the economic policies of Ecuadorian president Guillermo Lasso, caused by increasing fuel and food prices, began on 13 June 2022. The protests are being led by Indigenous activists such as members of the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE). The protests have been joined by students and workers. Lasso declared a state of emergency and later extended it on 22 June. The protests have caused food and fuel shortages as protestors have blocked exits and entries to the country's capital of Quito. The protest ended on 30 June 2022 after a government deal was made. Quell and Co. Quell and Co. is a 1982 American German Mexican western movie directed by William Witney (his final film) who also stars. It is also known as "Showdown at Eagle Gap". Athletics at the 1930 Women's World Games – 60 metres The 60 metres at the 1930 Women's World Games was held in Prague at the Letná Stadium, from 6 to 7 September 1930. Entrants. In August 1930 entrants were published of the athletes of 5 nations: the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy and Great Britain. Listed below are the athletes from these nations who were entered for the 800 metres events. Results. Heats. The heats took place on 6 September 1930. Semi-finals. The semi-finals took also place on 6 September 1930. The first two persons of each semi-final qualified for the final Final. The final of the 60 metres event took place on Sunday 7 September, with bad weather conditions. Media Center Ukraine Media Center Ukraine (Ukrainian: Медіацентр Україна) is a civic initiative that gives support and advice to media covering events. The Media Center has a platform for organizing and hosting important news events. Numerous Ukrainian and foreign media talked about Media Center Ukraine. For example, The New York Times, Rolling Stone, TSN, Hindustan News Hub, ArmyInform, etc. History. Media Center Ukraine was founded in March 2022 by media professionals, the government, and the business community. Their aims is representing information about the Russo-Ukrainian War. The first site of Media Center Ukraine was opened in Lviv. Later, similar sites were set up in Kyiv and Kharkiv. Patron (dog) Patron (; born 2019) is a landmine finder of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine. He is a Jack Russell Terrier. He found bombs in the Chernihiv, Ukraine. He was awarded the Medal for Dedicated Service, in May 2022. He catch out 236 unexploded Russian explosive devices during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. He became famous from a video on Facebook. On 27 May 2022, Patron was awarded the Palm Dog Award for its work at the Cannes Film Festival. TIS-Grain TIS-Grain (Ukrainian "ТІС-Зерно") is the largest grain terminal in Ukraine, a national leader in grain transshipment. TIS-Grain is owned by TIS-Grain LLC, founded in 1999. Oleksiy Fedorychev is the founder and owner of 100% of the shares. Ihor Chobitko is the director of the terminal. The terminal is in the waters of the port "South", northeast of Odessa. Occupies a land plot of 14 hectares. The specialization of the terminal is transshipment of grain cargoes in the port "Southern"; storage of grain in warehouses. Kormotech Kormotech LLC (Ukrainian ТОВ «Кормоте́х») is a Ukrainian company, the largest producer of pet food in Ukraine. Production facilities are in the village of Prylbychi, Yavoriv district, Lviv region. As of 2019, the company has about 650 employees. Products are exported to 19 countries. Kormotech LLC produces under four brands: Meest Meest is an international postal and logistics operator. It delivers of all types of items. Meest is part of the Meest Group, a postal and logistics group formed by the international Meest Corporation Inc., Toronto, Canada in 1989. It mainly focuses on North America to Ukraine parcels delivering. History. The company "Meest" is part of the postal logistics group "Meest Group", which was formed from the international corporation "Meest" (Meest Corporation Inc., Toronto, Canada) in 1989. Official website. https://meest.com/ Franz Schneider Franz Schneider (born c. 1900s) was a German sprint canoeist from in Cologne, who competed in the 1930s. Schneider won three times the German title in the K-2 1000 metres event from 1931 to 1933 together with Paul Wevers, also from Cologne. Representing Germany, the duo won the gold medal at the in the F-2 event over 10 kilometres. Ovostar Union Ovostar Union (WSE: OVO) is an agro-industrial Ukrainian agricultural holding. It is one of the three largest producers of chicken eggs in Ukraine. The company produces products under the brands "YASENSVIT" (eggs) and "OVOSTAR" (egg products). In 2021, 1.69 billion eggs were collected, the total population was 8.4 million individuals, including 7.0 million laying hens. ISTA ISTA is the manufacturer of starter batteries in Ukraine. "ISTA" was the first in Ukraine to start providing a full cycle of battery production. NJSC "ISTA" is part of the group of companies "Ukrprominvest", owned by Petro Poroshenko. History. In 1992, the Ukrainian government decides to establish ISTA and to build the country's first plant for the production of lead-acid batteries. In 1995, the first stage of the Ista-Center CJSC plant was put into operation. In 2001, the second accumulator plant - LLC DOZ "Energoavtomatika" is started. In 2003, the plant for recovery of lead-containing materials of Ukrsplav LLC was launched. In 2006, the plant for production of polypropylene cases - Open Company "Interplast" is put into operation. In 2007, it started delivering batteries to the enterprises of one of the leading car manufacturers - Renault concern. Weld Money Weld Money is one of the biggest Ukrainian fintech platforms. In 2022, Weld Money technology helped to create the world's first crypto-aid card for victims of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It issues digital shares of the company (WELD tokens). In total, Weld Money issued 250 million tokens.   In August 2021, the company sold its own tokens to investment funds such as Concorde Capital (Ukraine), Magnus Capital (USA) and 7 O’Clock Capital (China). The company used the funds from the agreement to launch the platform. As of 2022, the holding company, which includes Weld Money, operates in 40 cities and has about 250 specialists. Artemsil Artemsil is a state-owned company for salt production in the Donetsk region, Ukraine. One of the largest in the world, the maximum annual production reaches 7226.3 thousand tons. It was stopped because of the Russian invasion on Ukraine and constant missile shellings of the plant by Russian armed forces. History. It was formed in 1976. It consists of five mines (mines) with a completed cycle of salt production, ancillary services, significant housing and social funds. Number of workers - 3780 people. The production activity has been counted since 1881 - the commissioning of the Bryantsev mine. Mine № 1 has been in operation since 1898. The administrative center is the city of Soledar. On March 3, 2020, Artemsil was put up for auction. But at the end of the year, the company was removed from the list of facilities allowed for privatization. Myronivska Power Station Myronivska power station is a thermal power plant in the Donetsk region. It uses coal to extract energy. It is owned by PJSC "Donetskoblenergo". Myronivska power station was put into operation on October 15, 1953, with the capacity of 100 MW. In 2004, after reconstruction, the boiler № 9 and the turbogenerator № 5 (electric capacity of 115 MW) were put into operation. Ukrposhta Joint-stock company "Ukrposhta" (Ukr. "Укрпошта") is a state-owned postal company, subordinated to the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine, a national postal operator. Together with a private post operator Nova Poshta, Ukraposhta are the leaders of pacels delivery in Ukraine. Services. The company provides universal postal services. They are approved by the National Commission for Communications Regulation. The company also has the exclusive right to issue, put into circulation and organize the distribution of postage stamps, stamped envelopes and cards, as well as withdrawal them from circulation in Ukraine. Branches. The company has 24 regional branches, the Directorate of Mail Processing and Transportation and Avtotranspost. Ukrposhta is one of the largest companies in the country (60,000 employees) and has about 11,000 branches that provide coverage in 100% of settlements in Ukraine. History. On April 12, 2017, PJSC Ukrposhta rebranded the company. To replace the winged envelope, a new logo was chosen for the mail horn, which is transformed into a geolocation icon - a pin. The new logo, according to the head of Ukrposhta Ihor Smilianskyi, should reflect the positive changes in the company. The new brand concept was developed free of charge by the advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi. In 2020, the company delivered 238.5 million units in Ukraine and abroad. written correspondence, 44.6 million parcels and small packages, paid 12.1 million transfers and 64.5 million pensions and cash benefits. Ukrposhta together with Nova Poshta are leaders in the delivery and e-commerce market of Ukraine. In March 2022, in Zaporizhia Oblast the Russians opened fire on a Ukrposhta car, killing two employees of the company. In the Zaporozhye region, the enemy opened fire on a Ukrposhta car, killing two employees of the company. David Weiss Halivni David Weiss Halivni () (27 September 1927 – 29 June 2022) was a Czechoslovakian-born American-Israeli rabbi and scholar. His works focused on Jewish Sciences. He was a Professor of Talmud. He was the "Reish Metivta" of the Union for Traditional Judaism's rabbinical school. Halivni was born in Kobyletska Poliana, Czechoslovakia. In 1993, he became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2006, he was honored with the Israel Prize. Halivni died in Jerusalem, Israel on 29 June 2022, aged 94. Yehuda Meshi Zahav Avraham Zvi Yehuda Meshi Zahav (July 19, 1959 – June 29, 2022) was an Israeli social activist. He was a member of the Haredi Jewish community. He was known for being the founder and chairman of ZAKA. Meshi Zahav was born in Jerusalem, Israel. In April 2021, after being accused of sexual harassment and rape, Meshi Zahav shot himself in the head and was in a coma. He died from his injuries a year later on June 29, 2022 at the age of 62. Svema OJSC Svema (formerly Svema) is a Ukrainian and former Soviet enterprise for the production of movie, photo and X-ray film, photo paper, tape and cassettes. Located in the city of Shostka, Sumy Oblast. Founded on October 1, 1931. Shostka Research and Production Association "Svema" was considered an ace of high technology in the field of fine chemistry. And specialized in the production of professional and amateur films and photographic films, magnetic tapes for audio, video, computer equipment, as well as aerospace photographic films, radiographic films, adhesive tapes, printing inks. The products were intended for both the civilian and military sectors. Delivered to CMEA countries and developing countries. On May 31, 2019, the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine scheduled an auction for the sale of the property of Svema JSC. Athletics at the 1930 Women's World Games – long jump The long jump event at the 1930 Women's World Games was held in Prague at the Letná Stadium, with the final being held on 8 September 1930. Entrants. In August 1930 entrants were published of the athletes of 5 nations: the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy and Great Britain. Listed below are the athletes from these nations who were entered for the long jump event. Results. Final. The final took place in the morning of 8 September. Between sources there are some differences in the distances. This might be typo errors, or possibly a mix-up with the qualification. Taejo of Joseon Taejo of Joseon (4 November 1335 – 27 June 1408) was the first king of the Joseon dynasty. His given name was Yi Seong-gye (). He changed his name to Yi Dan () after he became king. He ruled Korea from 1392 to 1398. He was a general of the Goryeo dynasty before he became king. Sphaenorhynchus caramaschii The lime tree frog ("Sphaenorhynchus caramaschii") is a frog. It lives in Brazil. It lives in Brazil's states São Paulo, Paraná, and Santa Catarina. Torbesh The Torbesh are slavic language speaking Muslims citizens of the Republic of North Macedonia. Vallahades The Vallahades () or Valaades () were a Muslim Macedonian Greek population who lived along the river Haliacmon in southwest Greek Macedonia; in and around Anaselitsa (modern Neapoli) and Grevena. They were expelled from Greece to Turkey after the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923. They settled there in East Thrace. and have become completely assimilated into the Turkish Muslim mainstream as Turks. Eeles Landström Eeles Enok Landström (3 January 1932 – 29 June 2022) was a Finnish pole vaulter. He was also a businessman and politician. He won two European titles, in 1954 and 1958, and competed at the 1956 and 1960 Olympics, winning a bronze medal in 1960. He was born in Viiala (present-day Akaa), Finland. From 1966 to 1972, he was a member of the Parliament of Finland as a member of the Liberals Party. Landström died on 29 June 2022, aged 90. Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania Plymouth Meeting is a census-designated place (CDP) in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. The settlement was founded in 1686. 6,177 people lived in Plymouth Meeting at the 2010 census. Rushden Rushden is a town in Northamptonshire. Tilden Daken Tilden Daken (June 14, 1876 – April 24, 1935) was an American landscape painter. He was known for his oil paintings of California states. He also painted in Alaska, Mexico, Baja, the Hawaiian Islands, the South Seas, and parts of the East Coast of the United States. Daken exhibited in the famous galleries in New York, Chicago, Cincinnati, Los Angeles, and San Francisco, and at the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition. Maurice Grosser Maurice Grosser (October 23, 1903 – December 22, 1986) was an American painter, art critic, and writer. He was the longtime companion of Virgil Thomson. Maurice Grosser was born on October 23, 1903, in Huntsville, Alabama. He designed the scenery for two operas by Virgil Thomson: "Four Saints in Three Acts" (1934) and "The Mother of Us All" (1947). Grosser died on December 22, 1986, in Manhattan. Paintings by Maurice Grosser are at the Museum of Modern Art, the Brooklyn Museum, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Boston Museum of Fine Arts, and the Huntsville Museum of Art. John Cameron Swayze John Cameron Swayze (April 4, 1906 – August 15, 1995) was an American news commentator and game show panelist during the 1940s and 1950s. He later became best known as a product spokesman. Swayne died on August 15, 1995 in Kansas, United States at the age of 89. Harry Rosen Inc. Harry Rosen Inc. is a Canadian retail chain with 17 luxury men's clothing stores. Harry Rosen operate for 40 percent of the Canadian market in clothes for man in 2008. The company was founded by Harry Rosen in 1954. In 2009, Harry Rosen opened their own website. Shipping is limited to Canadian addresses. Yidgha people The Yidgha are a Iranic people living in Chitral District. They number around 9,600 and speak the Yidgha language. They follow Shia Islam. Paimiut, Alaska Paimiut is a small town located in Alaska by the Yukon River. It has a population of 2, of which has declined since the 2000s. 1999 Algarve Cup The 1999 Algarve Cup was an invitational women's football tournament. China won the event defeating the US, 2-1, in the final. It was China's first victory against the USA since 1993 and their first win over them since 1993. Teams. The host and the seven teams invited are Australia, China, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Portugal, Sweden and the United States. The eight teams were split into two groups that played a round-robin group stage with playoff to determine seventh and eighth place. The winners of each group would compete for first and second place and the winners of the groups would be crowned champions. Points. There are 3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw and none for a loss. Villains (album) Villains is the second studio album by The Verve Pipe. The album was released on March 26, 1996. Jim Pappin James Joseph Pappin (September 10, 1939 – June 2022) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He played in the of the National Hockey League (NHL). He won the Stanley Cup in 1964 and 1967 with the Toronto Maple Leafs. He also played for the Chicago Black Hawks. Pappin died in June 2022, aged 82. Bill Woolsey William Tripp Woolsey (September 13, 1934 – June 25, 2022) was an American competition swimmer. He represented the United States at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland, where he won a gold medal. Four years later at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia, he won a silver medal. Woolsey was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. Woolsey died on June 25, 2022 in California at the age of 87. Ford Konno Ford Hiroshi Konno (born January 1, 1933) is a former Japanese–American competition swimmer. He was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. He won two gold medals and a silver medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics. Four years later, he won another silver medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics. Leo Posada Leopoldo Jesús Posada Hernández (April 1, 1936 – June 23, 2022) was a Cuban-American professional baseball outfielder. He played for the Kansas City Athletics of Major League Baseball from 1960 through 1962. Posada died on June 23, 2022 in Miami, Florida from pancreatic cancer, aged 86. Orby TV Orby TV was an American direct broadcast satellite provider. It transmitted digital satellite television in the United States. The company was shut down on March 1, 2021. Climate change denial Climate change denial is the denial of climate change. They do not believe climate change exists. The Love Special The Love Special is a 1921 American drama movie directed by Frank Urson and starring Wallace Reid, Agnes Ayres, Theodore Roberts, Lloyd Whitlock, Sylvia Ashton, Clarence Burton, Snitz Edwards. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures. Jeongjong of Joseon Jeongjong of Joseon (26 July 1357 – 24 October 1419) was the second king of the Joseon dynasty. His given name was Yi Bang-gwa (). He became king after his father, king Taejo, abdicated (resigned) from the throne. He himself abdicated in 1400. China Airlines Flight 140 China Airlines Flight 140 was a scheduled flight between Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport to Nagoya Airport in Nagoya, Japan. On April 26, 1994, the Airbus A300 B4-622R was completing a flight and was approaching Nagoya airport, when, just before landing, several pilot errors of not correcting their actions and speed caused the plane would end up crashing to the ground, killing almost all the passengers. It was the most serious air disaster of 1994. Aftermath. To date, this accident remains the deadliest in China Airlines history, and the second deadliest aviation accident on Japanese soil, behind Japan Airlines Flight 123. Also, it is the third worst accident in the history of the Airbus A300 after Iran Air Flight 655 and later surpassed by American Airlines Flight 587 with 265 fatalities. On 3 May 1994, the Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) of the Republic of China (Taiwan) ordered China Airlines to modify the flight control computers following Airbus's notice of the modification. On 7 May 1994, the CAA ordered China Airlines to provide supplementary training and a re-evaluation of proficiency to all A300-600R pilots. Following the accident, China Airlines decided to withdraw its flight CI140 on this route and changed it to CI150 after the crash. China Airlines now operates this route with the Airbus A330-300 aircraft and the A300 has since been retired. Athletics at the 1930 Women's World Games – high jump The high jump event at the 1930 Women's World Games was held in Prague at the Letná Stadium, with the qualification and final being held on 7 September 1930. Entrants. In August 1930 entrants were published of the athletes of 5 nations: the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy and Great Britain. Listed below are the athletes from these nations who were entered for the high jump event. Results. Qualification. The qualification took place in the morning of 7 September 1930, under bad weather conditions. Final. The final took place in the afternoon of 7 September. The weather was still bad and it rained during the competition. The track was wet which affected the performance. The British Marjorie Okell and Mary Milne couldn't jump above 1.50 metres. After the German Helma Notte was not able to jump higher than 1.53 metres, there were two remaining competitors, the German Inge Braumüller and the Dutch Carolina Gisolf. Both Braumüller and Gisolf jumped 1.57 metres. Gisolf got injured during her successfull jump of 1.57 metres toring thigh muscle during the run. She tried to continue jump, to great encouragement from the crowd, but was not able to jump the 1.57 metres. Braumüller was also not able to jump the 1.57 metres. The competition was decided by a toss, which was won in favor of the German. Calgary Junior Hockey League The Calgary Junior Hockey League is a Junior "B" ice hockey league based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. List of Nigeria Twenty20 International cricketers This is a list of Nigerian Twenty20 International cricketers. América TV América TV (call sign LS 86) is an Argentine television channel with head in the city of La Plata, Province of Buenos Aires, although its signal is produced in the city of Buenos Aires. Loves of a Blonde Loves of a Blondie (), also known as A Blonde in Love, is a 1965 Czech romantic black comedy-drama movie directed by Miloš Forman and starring Hana Brejchová, Vladimír Pucholt, Vladimír Menšík, Ivan Kheil, Jiří Hrubý. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1966. Athletics at the 1930 Women's World Games – shot put The shot put event at the 1930 Women's World Games was held in Prague at the Letná Stadium on 6 September 1930. Entrants. In August 1930 entrants were published of the athletes of 5 nations: the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy and Great Britain. Listed below are the athletes from these nations who were entered for the shot put event. Results. Final. The final took place on 6 September. Nauru national soccer team The Nauru national soccer is the soccer team that comes from Nauru. The teams current Ello Ranking is 184. The team does not have a FIFA Ranking because the team is not part of FIFA. South Africa national soccer team South Africa national soccer team is the national soccer team of South Africa. Where Love Has Gone (movie) Where Love Has Gone is a 1964 American romantic drama movie directed by Edward Dmytryk and was based on the 1962 novel of the same name by Harold Robbins. It stars Susan Hayward, Bette Davis, Mike Connors, Joey Heatherton, Jane Greer, DeForest Kelley, Anne Seymour and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1965. Rolando Andaya Jr. Rolando "Nonoy" Gutierrez Andaya Jr. (March 10, 1969 – June 30, 2022) was a Filipino lawyer and politician. He represented the 1st District of Camarines Sur in the Philippine House of Representatives from 1998 to 2006 and again from 2010 to 2019. He also was the 32nd Majority Floor Leader of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 2018 until 2019. Andaya Jr. was found dead on June 30, 2022 at his apartment in Naga, Philippines with a gunshot wound to his head at the age of 53. Naga, Camarines Sur ', officially known as the ' (Central Bikol: "Syudad nin "; Rinconada Bikol: "Syudad ka "; ) or the Pilgrim City of Naga, is a in the of the Philippines. In the , it has a population of people. Peter Aho Peter Aho was born 2 March, 2003. He is a Nigerian cricketer who has played 16 Twenty20 Internationals for Nigeria where he has taken a five wicket bag and a hat-trick. He also played in the 2020 Under-19 Cricket World Cup in South Africa. List of Tanzania Twenty20 International cricketers This is a list of Tanzanian Twenty20 International cricketers. Sonny Barger Ralph Hubert Barger (October 8, 1938 – June 29, 2022), better known as Sonny Barger, was an American outlaw biker, author and actor. He was a founding member of the Oakland, California chapter of the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club in 1957. He wrote five books, and appeared on television and movies. He was born in Modesto, California. He played the role of Lenny "The Pimp" Janowitz in the television series "Sons of Anarchy". Barger died on June 29, 2022 in Oakland, California from throat cancer, aged 83. Mats Traat Mats Traat (23 November 1936 – 27 June 2022) was an Estonian poet, translator and novelist. Traat was born in Arula, Otepää Parish. His career began in 1962. He published over 20 anthologies of poetry. His poetry was about social commentary and society's love for science. He also wrote about the indigenous Estonian population. His short story, "The Cross of Power," won the Friedebert Tuglas Award for Short Prose. Traat died on 27 June 2022 in Tallinn, Estonia at the age of 85. Martha Kolthoff Martha Cecile Kolthoff (27 January 1908 — ‎15 September 1999) was a Dutch sprinter, javelin thrower and discus thrower in the 1920s. She was a member of Hygiëa, The Hague. Career. Her earliest achievement was in September 1923, becoming champion of South Holland in the athletics’ triathlon. In 1924 she won in this competition the javelin throw. In September 1925 she broke with the national record in the 4x 80 meters. Later the month she became national champion in the athletics’ triathlon ahead of Leny Rombout and . She also became with her club national champion in the 4x 80 metres relay. In 1927 she became Dutch national champion in the 4x 100 metres together with Nici Mür, Willy Hamerslag and Nettie Grooss with a time of 55 seconds. On 31 July 1927 Kolthof set the first official Dutch national record in the discus throw with 23.84 metres. During an out of competition record attempt in September 1927 Nici Mür threw in discus throw 24.11 metres, so further than the record of Kolthoff. Kolthof broke during this record attempt session the national records javelin throw with 27.25 metres. While a special prize was awarded for the new record and these records were mentioned in newspapers as new national records, the records were never recognized by the Dutch athletics federation. Kolthof lost eventually the record in August 1928 to . Personal life. Kolthoff was born on 27 January 1908 in Batavia, Dutch East Indies. She was the only child of father Abraham Kolthoff (1863-1940) who was director Officer of Health 1st class of the K.N.I.L. and worked in in Batavia. Her mother was Johanna Cornelia Brandon (1870-1947). They moved back to the Netherlands where she married to mechanical engineer Lucas Ruinen (1901-1993) on 20 August 1937 in The Hague. They had four children together. Mohammad Shtayyeh Mohammad Ibrahim Shtayyeh () (born 17 January 1959) is a Palestinian politician, academic and economist. He became prime minister of the Palestinian National Authority in March 2019. England Grand Prix The "England Grand Prix" is a Formula One non-championship event that is part of the Formula One. The inaugural England Grand Prix to held by Donington Park in 1994 before merged to British Grand Prix in 2010. President of the Palestinian National Authority The President of the Palestinian National Authority () is the highest-ranking political position (same to head of state) in the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). The President nominates the Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority. Nura Pakhang Nura Pakhang () is a Meitei-Portuguese bilingual song. It was sung by Manipuri folk musical artist Mangka Mayanglambam and the artists of Portuguese musical band "Clã". The music video was directed by Romi Meitei. It was released worldwide on 28 April 2017. It is a part of an album called "T(H)REE". It is a musical collaboration between Portuguese and Asian musicians in unique ways. Making. Portuguese music video producer David Valentim contacted Manipuri folk music artist Mangka Mayanglambam and her lyricist father Mayanglambam Mangangsana through email about his desire to collaborate Portuguese music with Meitei music. When the collaboration between the two musical cultures was confirmed and finalised, Manipuri musical lyricist Mangangsana sent three musical tracks to the Portuguese producer David Valentim through email. David chose the song "Nura Pakhang" among the three. Clã also wrote their own musical lyrics to mix it with the Meitei folk song. All these processes of conversations were done through emails and the song was finally created. Interestingly, Mangka Mayanglambam and her father Mayanglambam Mangangsana had never met David Valentim and the Portuguese artists of "Clã" in real life. So, the artists couldn't record the song together but it doesn't affect their touring together in the musical journey. It's director Romi Meitei who met both teams of Meitei and Portuguese artists. The first part of the music video was made in Manipur of India and its later parts are made in Porto of Portugal. The contributions of the lyrics are mainly credited to Carlos Tê, Hélder Gonçalves, Manuela Azevedo and Mayanglambam Mangangana. "Nura Pakhang" shows the way in which two different things depend on each other in a way that make sense together. The sound of the music video crosses jazzy pop rock with traditional Manipuri music. Release. The song "Nura Pakhang" was released was released worldwide on 28th April 2017. Regarding radio broadcasting, it was released on "Antena 3", one of the biggest radio channels in Portugal. According to an interview with Mangka Mayanglambam by IANS (Indo-Asian News Service), she said: <poem>"The song was launched in April. It is played on radio in Portugal and is available on the internet. But I will be able to distribute it after June. I never thought of earning a profit from this project. All the proceeds will go to Make a Wish Foundation."</poem> Mangka believes that language is not a barrier. She said to the IANS: <poem>"Music is a Universal language, still each and every place has its own culture. It's best to follow our culture."</poem> Ahmed Qurei Ahmed Ali Mohammed Qurei (or Qureia; , ), also known by his "Arabic "kunya' Abu Alaa (, ) (born March 26, 1937) is a former Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority. He was speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council. He was a senior leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). Nabil Shaath Nabil Ali Muhammad (Abu Rashid) Shaath (, , also spelled Sha'ath; born August 1938) is a senior Palestinian official. He was the Acting Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority for a few days in December 2005. Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority The prime minister of the Palestinian National Authority was the position of the official head of government of the Palestinian Authority government, active between 2003 and January 2013. It was officially transformed into the State of Palestine. List of prime ministers (2003–2013). On 6 January 2013 the Palestinian National Authority was officially transformed into the State of Palestine and the position of the prime minister of the Palestinian National Authority became the prime minister of the State of Palestine. Ismail Haniyeh Ismail Abdel Salam Ahmed Haniyeh (; sometimes transliterated as Haniya, Haniyah, or Hanieh; born 29 January 1962) is a senior political leader of Hamas. He was the disputed Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority. In September 2017, he became Chief of Hamas's Political Bureau. Rami Hamdallah Rami Hamdallah (; born 10 August 1958) is a Palestinian politician and academic. He was the Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority. He also was president of An-Najah National University in Nablus. Salam Fayyad Salam Fayyad (, ; born 2 April 1951) is a Jordanian-Palestinian politician. He was the Prime Minister of the Palestinian Authority and Finance Minister. He was Finance Minister from June 2002 to November 2005 and from March 2007 to May 2012. Fayyad was Prime Minister between June 2007 and June 2013. Fayyad resigned from the cabinet in November 2005 to run as founder and leader of the new Third Way party for the legislative elections of 2006. Prime Minister of the State of Palestine The prime minister of the State of Palestine is the head of government of the State of Palestine. The post was created in January 2013, when the Palestinian National Authority was officially renamed into the State of Palestine. President of the State of Palestine The president of the State of Palestine is the head of state of Palestine. Since 2013, the title president of the State of Palestine became the only title of the Palestinian president. Athletics at the 1930 Women's World Games – discus throw The discus throw event at the 1930 Women's World Games was held in Prague at the Letná Stadium, with the qualification and final being held on 7 September 1930. Entrants. In August 1930 entrants were published of the athletes of 5 nations: the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy and Great Britain. Listed below are the athletes from these nations who were entered for the discus throw event. Results. Qualification. The qualification took place in the morning of 7 September 1930, under bad weather conditions. Polish Halina Konopacka won the qualification ahead of German Tilly Fleischer and Italian Vittorina Vivenza. Swedish Svenson, Latvian Karlson and British Weston also qualified. The Dutch Dora Wevers had three invalid throws and so didn't qualify. Final. The final took place in the afternoon of 7 September. The weather was still bad. Rawhi Fattouh Rawhi Fattuh (, , also transliterated as Rauhi Fattouh; born 23 August 1949) is the former Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council and was the interim President of the Palestinian Authority, after the death of Yasser Arafat on 11 November 2004 until January 15, 2005. He was elected to the Central Committee of Fatah in December 2016. Aziz Dweik Aziz Dweik ( ; ) (born January 12, 1948) is the Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC) since 18 January 2006. He is seen as the Interim President of the Palestinian National Authority since 19 October 2016. List of programs broadcast by Discovery Family This is a list of television programs broadcast by the U.S. cable television channel Discovery Family. Current programming. This is a list of television programs currently broadcast by Discovery Family. Former programming. This is a list of programs that have formerly aired on Discovery Kids (1996–2010), Hub Network (2010–2014), and Discovery Family (2014–present). Sphaenorhynchus botocudo Sphaenorhynchus botocudo is a frog. It lives in Brazil. The adult male frog is 23.9-29.3 mm long from nose to rear end. It has a black line from the nose to each eye. It has a white spot under each eye. It has a white stripe with brown color around it from each eye to the middle of the body. Athletics at the 1930 Women's World Games The athletics competitions at the 1930 Women's World Games in Prague were held from 7 to 9 September 1930 at the Letná Stadium. The athletes competed in 12 events: running (60 metres, 100 metres, 200 metres, 800 metres, 4 x 100 metres relay and hurdling 80 metres), high jump, long jump, discus throw, javelin, shot put and triathlon (100 metres, high jump and javelin). Several world records were set. At some days there were 20000 spectators in the stadium. Points table. Source Terry O'Quinn Terrance Quinn (born July 15, 1952), known professionally as Terry O'Quinn, is an American actor. He is best known for portraying the role of John Locke in the ABC drama mystery series "Lost", which ran for six seasons (2004–2010). He also played the title role in "The Stepfather" and "Stepfather II", and played Peter Watts in the crime drama series "Millennium", which ran for three seasons (1996–1999). Jack Gordon (ice hockey) John "Jackie" Gordon (March 3, 1928 – June 27, 2022) was a Canadian ice hockey manager, coach and player. Gordon played 36 games in the National Hockey League with the New York Rangers from 1946 to 1961. He was also head coach of the Minnesota North Stars from 1970 to 1973. He also was a general manager of the North Stars from 1974 to 1978 and of the Vancouver Canucks from 1985 to 1987. Gordon was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. He died on June 27, 2022 at the age of 94. Dmitry Stepushkin Dmitry Fyodorovich Stepushkin (; September 3, 1975 – June 30, 2022) was a Russian bobsledder. He won three medals in the four-man event at the FIBT World Championships with two silvers (2005, 2008) and a bronze (2003). Stepushkin also competed in three Winter Olympics in 2002, 2006 and 2010. Stepushkin was born in Chkalovsk, Russia. Stepushkin died on June 30, 2022 in Moscow, Russia at the age of 46. Human rights in the Central African Republic The Central African Republic, which the United Nations High Commissioner has described as undergoing "the most neglected crisis in the world", has an extremely poor human rights record. Human rights in Uganda Human rights in Uganda refers to the difficulty of getting international rights standards for all citizens. It is difficult to solve the problems of proper sanitation facilities, home insecurity, bad infrastructure development, and mistreatment of LGBT people, women, and children. Athletics at the 1930 Women's World Games – javelin throw The javelin throw event at the 1930 Women's World Games was held in Prague at the Letná Stadium, with the qualification and final being held on 8 September 1930. Entrants. In August 1930 entrants were published of the athletes of 5 nations: the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy and Great Britain. Listed below are the athletes from these nations who were entered for the javelin throw event. Results. Qualification. The qualification took place ion 8 September 1930. Final. The final took place on 8 September. Liesel Schumann won the competition in a new world record. With her performance of 42.3 metres she improved the former world record of Braumuller (40.37). Augustine Hargus who finished second was with 40.99 metres als better than the former world record. Damel The Damel are a Dardic group who live in Damel Valley, Chitral District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Most Damels speak Dameli while others speak Gawar-Bati. They number around 8,300 and are Sunni Muslims. Julia Morley Julia Evelyn Morley (née Pritchard; born 25 October 1939) is a British businesswoman, charity worker, and former model. She is the chairman and CEO of the Miss World Organization. She is the widow of Miss World creator, the late Eric Morley. Dards The Dards are a group of un-mixed Indo-Aryan people living in Northern Pakistan, Western Jammu & Kashmir, and Eastern Afghanistan who speak the Dardic languages. A very small minority also live in Xinjiang, China and Tajikistan. Dardic is a geographical phrase, not a ethnic or linguistic one. It is not used by any of its speakers. Dardic languages are mostly Indic, but have a huge amount Iranian loanwords from Pashto, Yidgha, or Ormuri. Grupo Telefe Grupo Telefe (legally Television Federal S.A.) is an Argentine conglomerate dedicated to the production of audiovisual content and the operation of terrestrial television licenses. The company, created in 1989, belongs to the multinational Paramount Global since November 2016. History. On December 6, 2012, Telefe presented its voluntary adaptation plan before the Argentinean Federal Authority for Audiovisual Communication Services in order to adapt to the Audiovisual Communication Services Law, where it proposed to put Neuquén channels 7 and 9 up for sale in Bahía Blanca. The plan was approved two years later on December 16, 2014, leaving the two channels for sale. On December 29, 2015, changes were made to several articles of the law (among them Article 45, which indicated that the licensee could not cover with its open media more than 35% of the country's population); as a result of the elimination of the limit percentage of national coverage, Telefe would no longer have the obligation to sell the two channels, being able to keep the 8 channels from the interior in its possession. On February 2, 2016, the National Communications Entity (successor to AFSCA) decided to file all adaptation plans (including Telefe's) as a consequence of this, Telefe no longer has the obligation to sell any of its television channels. On November 3, 2016, it was announced that the US group Viacom had reached an agreement to buy Telefe and its channels for US$345 million. The purchase was finalized on November 15. The ENACOM approved the transfer of Telefe and its licenses to Viacom on March 30, 2017. On August 13, 2019, CBS Corporation and Viacom announced that they had reached an agreement to merge their respective business units (including Grupo Telefe) under the umbrella of the former (to be renamed ViacomCBS).The merger was completed on December 4. As of February 16, 2022, ViacomCBS was renamed Paramount Global. Jennifer O'Neill Jennifer O'Neill (born February 20, 1948) is a Brazilian-born American actress, model, author, and activist. She is known for her modeling and spokesperson career with CoverGirl. She acted in the Oscar-winning 1971 movie "Summer of '42." She also starred in the cult horror movie "Scanners" (1981) and the television series "Cover Up" (1984–85). She has also been active in the anti-abortion-rights movement. Personal life. O'Neill was born to a wealthy family in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. She was raised in New Rochelle, New York and Wilton, Connecticut. O'Neill went to school at the Dalton School in Manhattan. She got married at age 17. When she was young, she was an equestrienne and was on the covers of "Vogue", "Cosmopolitan", and "Seventeen", earning $80,000 in 1962. O'Neill has been married nine times to eight husbands (she married, divorced, and remarried her sixth husband Richard Alan Brown). She has three children from three fathers. Gloria Romero (actress) Gloria Romero (; born Gloria Galla; December 16, 1933) is an American-born Filipina actress. She was called the "Queen of Philippine Cinema" in the 1950s. She acted in "Tanging Yaman", "Nagbabagang Luha" and "Dalagang Ilocana". She also played Imelda Marcos in the biopic movie "Iginuhit ng Tadhana". David R. Nagle David Ray "Dave" Nagle (born April 15, 1943) is an American politician and lawyer. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives. He represented Iowa's 3rd congressional district from 1987 to 1993. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Nagle was born in Grinnell, Iowa. He was the Chair of the Iowa Democratic Party from 1982 to 1985. Nagle ran for the U.S. House of Representatives again, but he lost the Democratic nomination. He tried to run for the U.S. Senate, but quit after he was arrested for public intoxication in 1998. Federal Authority for Audiovisual Communication Services The Federal Authority for Audiovisual Communication Services (, AFSCA) was an Argentine state agency. It was created by the Audiovisual Communication Services Law as the authority in charge of enforcing law. History. The entity began its activities on December 10, 2009. It was established by presidential decree 1525/2009. Martín Sabbatella was appointed as its president, at the head of a board of directors made up of parliamentarians from the three main blocks, representatives of the universities and of the Federal Council. On December 23, 2015, the AFSCA was intervened by the President Mauricio Macri. This was through a decision challenged before the Justice. On December 30, 2015, the Chief of Staff Marcos Peña announced that President Macri had sanctioned a decree of necessity and urgency. The number was not specified. In addition, the date was not published in the Official Gazette, which provided for the elimination of the AFSCA and its merger with the AFTIC. This led to a new public body called the National Communications Entity (ENACOM). On January 4, 2016, the decree of necessity and urgency 267/2015 signed on December 29, 2015, announced by the Chief of Staff, was published in the Official Gazette. Composition. The AFSCA was led by a seven-member board, consisting of the following: SponsorBlock SponsorBlock is a free and open-source browser extension that skips segments of YouTube videos. Users make them, which other users can vote on. It is recommended on Firefox's add-on store. , it has over 175,000 downloads on Firefox and over 600,000 downloads on Google Chrome. History. Only sponsorships could be skipped until more categories (such as self-promotion or intermissions) were added in June 2020. An update in January 2022 added support for marking whole videos as sponsorships. Usage. Users submit segments of videos and choose a category for them. Those segments are automatically skipped. When a segment is skipped, a small pop-up appears for a few seconds to allow the user to vote on it or "unskip" it. The number of segments each user has submitted and skipped is tracked. Reception. The extension was on Mozilla's Extension Spotlight on July 21, 2020, and is the highest rated recommended Firefox extension. Willy Hamerslag Willy “Wil” Hamerslag, often only referred to only by her surname Hamerslag (born 1900s) was a Dutch athletics competitor in the 1920s, specialized in the high jump and long jump. She was a member of Hygiëa, The Hague. Career. Hamerslag won multiple medals at national championships. She became 1925 national champion in the long jump with 4.885 metres. At the same championships she finished second in the athletics’ triathlon and third in the high jump. In 1927 she became the first official national record holder in the high jump with a height of 1.395 meter. In September 1927 she became Dutch national champion in the 4x 100 metres together with Nici Mür, Martha Kolthof and Nettie Grooss with a time of 55 seconds. Cadenberge Cadenberge (in High German, in Low Saxon: Cumbarg) is a municipality in Cuxhaven, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Since 1 November 2016, the former municipality Geversdorf is part of Cadenberge. Land Hadeln Land Hadeln is a place in Northern Germany. It is a historic landscape and used to be an administrative district. Its seat is in Otterndorf on the Lower Elbe, the lower reaches of the Elbe River, in the Elbe-Weser Triangle between the estuaries of the Elbe and Weser rivers. Cajundome The Cajundome is a 13,500-seat multi-purpose arena in Lafayette, Louisiana. The Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns men's and women's basketball programs play there. University events and commencement ceremonies including high school graduations also happen there. East New York East New York is an American drama television series created by William Finkelstein & Mike Flynn. It is set to premiere on CBS on October 2, 2022. Plot. East New York follows Regina Haywood, the newly promoted police captain of East New York, an impoverished, working class neighborhood at the eastern edge of Brooklyn. She leads a diverse group of officers and detectives, some of whom are reluctant to deploy her creative methods of serving and protecting during the midst of social upheaval and the early seeds of gentrification. Tanging Yaman Tanging Yaman (International Title: A Change of Heart) is a 2000 Filipino family drama movie directed by Laurice Guillen and starring Gloria Romero, Dina Bonnevie, Edu Manzano, Johnny Delgado, Joel Torre, Marvin Agustin, Hilda Koronel. It was distributed by Star Cinema. Universo (TV network) Universo is an American television channel. A.k.a. Cartoon a.k.a. Cartoon is a Canadian animation studio located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was founded on April 1, 1994, by Danny Antonucci. The Brothers Grunt The Brothers Grunt is an adult animated comedy television series. It originally aired from August 15, 1994, to April 9, 1995, on MTV. Characters. The main characters were named after famous crooners of the 1950s: Frank (Sinatra), Tony (Bennett), Dean (Martin), Bing (Crosby), Sammy (Davis Jr.), and Perry (Como), all voiced by Maurice LaMarche. Episodes. Note: "All episodes directed by Danny Antonucci" Unreleased episodes. These episodes are unreleased, but have been uploaded to YouTube in June 2019 by YouTube user Oecobius33. Three of these episodes might have been produced, but are currently unconfirmed. Lupo the Butcher Lupo the Butcher is a 1987 Canadian animated short comedy movie. It was directed and written by Danny Antonucci. Cartoon Sushi Cartoon Sushi is an adult-animation showcase program that aired on MTV from 1997 to 1998. It was made by Eric Calderon and produced by Nick Litwinko. Episodes. Special: A Special 1/2 Hour with Robin and Ben.... by Magnus Carlsson Vincent Adewoye Vincent Dimeji Adewoye was born 23 May, 2000. He is a Nigerian cricketer who plays 13 Twenty20 Internationals for Nigeria after debuting in May 2019. El Nueve Channel 9, known by its brand name El Nueve (stylized as elnueve) is an Argentine television station that broadcasts from the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. The station was inaugurated on June 9, 1960. Owners. From 2007 to 2020 it was owned by the Mexican media conglomerate Albavisión through its Argentine subsidiary Telearte S.A. In December 2019, Telearte reached a strategic agreement with Grupo Octubre's news channel, Informacion Periodística, which began broadcasting in October 2020, owned by trade unionist Víctor Santa María. In November 2020, Grupo Octubre bought 90% of El Nueve, with Carlos Lorefice Lynch being a minority shareholder with the remaining 10%. Isle of Beauty, Isle of Splendour Isle of Beauty, Isle of Splendour is the national anthem of Dominica. The words were written and the music were both made in 1967. It became the national anthem in 1978. Lyrics. <poem> Isle of beauty, isle of splendour, Isle to all so sweet and fair, All must surely gaze in wonder At thy gifts so rich and rare. Rivers, valleys, hills and mountains, All these gifts we do extol. Healthy land, so like all fountains, Giving cheer that warms the soul. Dominica, God hath blest thee With a clime benign and bright, Pastures green and flowers of beauty Filling all with pure delight, And a people strong and healthy, Full of godly reverent fear. May we ever seek to praise Thee For these gifts so rich and rare. Come ye forward, sons and daughters Of this gem beyond compare. Strive for honour, sons and daughters, Do the right, be firm, be fair. Toil with hearts and hands and voices. We must prosper! Sound the call, In which everyone rejoices, "All for Each and Each for All." </poem> ENACOM The National Communications Entity (, mostly known by its acronym ENACOM) is the national communications and media regulator of Argentina. Created in 2016 by presidential decree, it is in charge of complying with the Law 26,522 on Audiovisual Communication Services and Law 27,078 Argentina Digital —known as the Telecommunications Law—, until then the responsibility of AFSCA and AFTIC. Overview. On December 23, 2015, President Mauricio Macri intervened by decree the Federal Authority for Audiovisual Communication Services (AFSCA) and the Federal Authority for Information and Communication Technologies (AFTIC). The judge in Administrative Litigation of La Plata, Luis Arias, granted a precautionary measure to avoid the intervention of the entities. List of national anthems by language This is a list of national anthems by the language(s) they are most commonly sung in. More than one language. Below are anthems that are sung in more than one language most of the time. It does not include countries like Canada, Finland or Switzerland, where the national anthem has official lyrics in many languages but is only sung in one most of the time. Derek Charke Derek Charke (; born 1974) is a Canadian classical composer and flutist. Career. Derek Charke has been working as a composer for film and television since the early 1990s. In that time he has written more than 100 film and television scores which have been broadcast worldwide. When at home in Toronto, Ontario, Derek was busy as a session player, arranger, producer and flutist which ultimately led to his work as a composer for film and television in 1994. The diversity of his craft offered him the opportunity to compose for a variety of programming including animation, documentaries, comedy and drama. In the animation world, he worked extensively with Danny Antonucci both while at 20th Century Fox and later when Antonucci started his own studio - a.k.a. Cartoon. It was for the studio that he composed the score for the animated series "The Brothers Grunt" that aired on MTV. Later, he wrote all of the music for another a.k.a. Cartoon production, Cartoon Network’s "Ed, Edd n Eddy". Additionally, he has composed music for popular TV series including "The Outer Limits" (Showtime/SyFy), "The Dead Zone" (USA Network), "Wildfire" (ABC Family), "These Arms of Mine" (CBC) and "Kink" (Showcase), among several others. Patric Caird also has an extensive career in feature film composition. In 2000, his music for film garnered him a Genie Award (Canada's Oscar) for the Infinity Features film "Here's to Life!" with Kim Hunter, James Whitmore and Ossie Davis. His film credits also include the film "Dead Heat" with Kiefer Sutherland, Ann Marie Fleming's "The French Guy" (Park City Film Music Festival Gold Medal) and National Lampoon's "Going the Distance" among others. In 2014, Patric Caird composed the score for the Fox series "Rake" starring Greg Kinnear. Patric Caird continues to compose for film, television, theater and new media. In 2012, Derek Charke won the Juno Award for Classical Composition of the Year for his work, "Sepia Fragments." The following year Charke's work, "Between the Shore and the Ships" received an ECMA for Classical Composition of the Year. Derek's compositions increasingly pair electroacoustic elements—many of which are derived from environmental sounds—with acoustic instruments. Ecological sound as an artistic statement on environmental issues has become an impetus for many works, and his interest in the Arctic has like-wise played a role in many of his compositions. His music bridges a divide between this play of pure sound, collecting natural and environmental sound, and a continuation of the Western "classical" tradition—albeit with contemporary and popular influences. Education. Derek Charke earned his bachelor's degree in composition at the University of North Texas, a master's degree in composition from the Royal Academy of Music, a master's degree in flute and a doctorate degree in composition from the University at Buffalo. While at Buffalo he studied composition with David Felder and flute with Cheryl Gobbetti Hoffman. Previous composition teachers included Louis Andriessen, Steve Martland and Cindy McTee. Teaching. Charke is an associate professor of music theory and composition at Acadia University School of Music in Nova Scotia, Canada. Charke is also co-director of the Acadia New Music Society, and he actively performs as both a soloist and new music improvisor on the flute. In addition to his responsibilities as a full professor at Acadia University, Charke is an associate composer of the Canadian Music Centre (CMC). Awards. To date, Charke has got many awards and commissions, including a BMI student composer award for his work "Xynith", the Outstanding Undergraduate Award in Composition from the University of North Texas, and an honorable mention from the Kubik Prize for his composition "What do the Birds Think?" Charke has been commissioned by ensembles such as Duo Turgeon, the Kronos Quartet, the Toronto Symphony Orchestra, the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra, and the St. Lawrence String Quartet. Dr. Charke and his wife currently live in Kentville, Nova Scotia. Dwayne Hill Dwayne Hill (born June 5, 1966) is a Canadian voice actor. In 2009, he was nominated for two Gemini Awards, one in the solo category for "Grossology", the other, which he won, was for best ensemble in "Atomic Betty". Overall, he has voiced over 20 animated series, playing hundreds of voices as well as voicing over 100 commercials each year. One of his most recent roles is Cat in the PBS animated series "Peg + Cat" Super Stadium Worldand Braceface which was nominated for an Emmy Award among the best performances in animated series. Career. His biggest on-camera roles include playing Coach Carr in "Mean Girls", "The Safety of Objects" which premiered at the 2001 Toronto International Film Festival, and "The Truth About the Head", which won 3 awards at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival including the Kodak short film award. Dwayne has appeared in over 100 commercials, including the Bud Light spot "Mr. Silent Killer Gas Passer" for the "Real Men of Genius" campaign, which won a Gold Clio in Cannes. From 1997-2003, Hill played "Mr. Voiceman", the off-camera announcer on the YTV game show "Uh Oh!". Rob Tinkler Robert Tinkler is a Canadian voice actor. He provides voices for a number of cartoons and anime shows. He voiced Max in "The Adventures of Sam & Max: Freelance Police", Delete in the children's animated series "Cyberchase", Pelswick Eggert in Pelswick, and Howie in "Almost Naked Animals". Anime. In anime, he provides the voice of Crimson Rubeus in the DIC Entertainment dub of "Sailor Moon", Gingka Hagane, the main protagonist in "", Athrun Zala in the Ocean Studios dub of "Mobile Suit Gundam SEED" and Brooklyn Masefield in "Beyblade G-Revolution". In feature films, he voiced Buddy in "The Nut Job". Patricia Bullrich Patricia Bullrich (Born, June 11, 1956) is an Argentine politician who chairs the Republican Proposal (PRO) party. She was a deputy for the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires in the periods 1993-1997 and 2007-2015, Minister of Social Security between October and December 2001 and Minister of Security of Argentina between 2015 and 2019. Following the election of Mauricio Macri to the presidency on 22 November 2015, it was announced that Bullrich had been nominated the Minister of Security of Argentina. Studies. She finished high school in 1975. She had attempts to become a sociologist and a lawyer, until finally in 2001 she graduated with a degree in Humanities and Social Sciences with an orientation in Communication from the University of Palermo. In 2009 she obtained a Master's degree in Political Science and a Doctorate in Political Science from the University of San Martín (UNSAM). Stuart Stone Stuart Stone (born Stuart Eisenstein) is a Canadian film, television, and voice actor as well as a producer of television, film and music. He is best known for his roles as Ronald Fisher in the 2001 cult film, "Donnie Darko", and Ralphie Tennelli on "The Magic School Bus" animated television series from 1994 to 1997. Stone has also toured as a comedian and rapper. Adam Greydon Reid Adam Greydon Reid (born April 27, 1972) is a Canadian actor, writer, producer and director. Julie Lemieux Julie Lemieux (born December 4, 1962) is a Canadian voice actress and comedian. Career. Lemieux has provided the voice for characters such as Sammy Tsukino in "Sailor Moon", young Darien Shields in "Sailor Moon R: The Movie", and Peruru in "Sailor Moon SuperS: The Movie". She has also played Funshine Bear in "Care Bears: Journey to Joke-a-lot" and "The Care Bears' Big Wish Movie". She was also the voice of Dumpty in "Polka Dot Shorts" and Rupert Bear in the animated TV series of the same name. Lemieux also acted as Warren in "Monster by Mistake" and Toby of the new anime production "Pandalian". She has recently worked on the television series "What It's Like Being Alone"; She has voiced Hunter Steele in the English version of "Spider Riders", Ikki in "Medabots Spirits", and Wilbur the Calf in "Wilbur". She is also the voice for Renee in the TV series "Jacob Two-Two", Mariah Wong in the English anime version of "Beyblade", Runo in "Bakugan Battle Brawlers", Antique Annie in "Producing Parker", Louise in "Max & Ruby", Bounce in "Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends", Chance Happening in "Grojband", Clancy in "Julius Jr.", Greta in "Detentionaire", Bud Compson in "Arthur", Fuzzy Snuggums in "Spliced", Dabs Looman in "Skatoony", Granny Butternut in "Numb Chucks", Cali in "PAW Patrol", Josee and Kelly in "Total Drama Presents: The Ridonculous Race", and Flo in "Total DramaRama". Peter Keleghan Peter Keleghan is a Canadian actor and writer, perhaps best known for portraying Ben Bellow in the comedy series "18 to Life", Clark Claxton Sr. in the comedy series "Billable Hours" and Ranger Gord in "The Red Green Show". Early life. Keleghan was born in Montreal, Quebec. He earned his BA in English Drama from York University in Toronto, Ontario. Early life. Keleghan is married to actress Leah Pinsent. Alyson Court Alyson Stephanie Court (born November 9, 1973) is a Canadian actress. Beginning her career as a child actress, her first role was on the series "Mr. Dressup" (1984–1994) and she made her film debut in "" (1985). Court continued to appear in educational productions, landing the lead role of Loonette the Clown on the series "The Big Comfy Couch" (1992–2002). Voice cast. As a voice actress, Court has appeared in several animated series. She is mostly known as Lydia Deetz in "Beetlejuice" (1989–1991), Jubilee in "X-Men" (1992–1997) and Nazz and May Kanker in "Ed, Edd n Eddy". She was also the original voice of Claire Redfield in the "Resident Evil" franchise, voicing the character for all of her appearances from "Resident Evil 2" (1998) to "Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City" (2012). Stephanie Morgenstern Stephanie Morgenstern (born December 10, 1965) is a Canadian actress, filmmaker, and screenwriter for television and film. She has worked on stage, film, and television in both English and French. Her most widely seen roles have been "The Sweet Hereafter, Maelström, Julie and Me" and "Forbidden Love". Voice cast. Morgenstern is also known by anime fans as the voice of Sailor Venus in the DIC Entertainment English dub of "Sailor Moon" in the first few seasons as well as the movies. She also voiced the role of Regina of Dino Crisis 1 en Dino Crisis 2 of the famous franchise of Capcom. Mark Rendall Mark Rendall (born October 21, 1988) is a Canadian film, television and voice actor. His roles include the lead in the 2004 movie, "Childstar" and Mick in season 1 of the Canadian television drama series "ReGenesis". He played Bastian Bux in the TV series, "Tales from the Neverending Story", and the title character in "The Interrogation of Michael Crowe". Voice cast. He has also done voice work for the television series "Jane and the Dragon" and "Time Warp Trio", and starred in the popular PBS Kids TV series "Arthur" (seasons 7–8; season 6 redub). Recently, Rendall has appeared in several Hollywood films. KBS America KBS America is a Korean TV channel in the US. Discovery Familia Discovery Familia is a Kids TV channel. Saigon Broadcasting Television Network SBTN is a Vietnamese channel in the US. Shakuhachi meets Pena Shakuhachi meets Pena is a musical composition and performance. It is a mixture of the performances of the traditional Japanese musical instrument Shakuhachi and the traditional Meitei musical instrument Pena. It is a maiden collaboration of traditional music between the two nations, India and Japan. It was performed by Motonaga Hiramu of Japan and Mayanglambam Mangangsana with his daughter Mangka Mayanglambam of Laihui, Imphal. It was performed at "The Giving Tree", Sangaiprou, Imphal West on the 28 November 2016. It was performed on the last day of a 3 day workshop on Shakuhachi conducted as a part of the "Manipur Japan Summit 2016". It was organised by the "Laihui" in collaboration with the Art Heals Trust, Imphal, Manipur and the The Japan Foundation, New Delhi. According to Motonaga Hiromu, both Shakuhachi and Pena (musical instrument) have their own traditional styles of playing and they need to create something new to represent the traditional Meitei music. He further said that it took his team 7 continuous days to bring out their collaborative performance. Mangka Mayanglambam said that it took her 5 days in learning the Japanese lullaby "Komori Uta" completely. Motonaga Hiromu gave her the Japanese lyrics in Latin script. However, her pronunciations differ and Motonaga Hiromu corrected her everyday. Both Hiromu and Mangka concluded that the tonal vibrations of "Komori Uta", the Japanese lullaby were very much similar to the Manipuri language lullaby named "Tha Tha Thabungton". Enchantment (1921 movie) Enchantment is a 1921 American romantic comedy movie directed by Robert G. Vignola and starring Marion Davies, Forrest Stanley, Corinne Barker, Maude Turner Gordon, Huntley Gordon, Edith Shayne. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures. Jaroslav Škarvan Jaroslav Škarvan (3 April 1944 – 21 June 2022) was a Czechoslovak handball. He competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics, where he won a silver medal. He was born in Plzeň, Czechoslovakia. Škarvan died on 21 June 2022, aged 78. Vladimir Zelenko Vladimir (Zev) Zelenko (1973 – June 30, 2022) was a Ukrainian-American physician, writer and conspiracy theorist. He was known for promoting a three-drug combination of hydroxychloroquine, zinc sulfate, and azithromycin as treatment for COVID-19. He also spread misinformation about the COVID-19 vaccination. Zelenko died on June 30, 2022 at age 48, from cancer in New York City. Alternate Prime Minister of Israel The alternate prime minister of Israel () is the "de facto" deputy of the prime minister of Israel and the second highest ranking cabinet minister. His job is to replace the prime minister of Israel in a rotation government. A Kiss in the Dark (1925 movie) A Kiss in the Dark is a 1925 American silent comedy movie directed by Frank Tuttle and was based on the novel by Frederick Lonsdale. It stars Adolphe Menjou, Aileen Pringle, Lillian Rich, Ann Pennington, Kenneth MacKenna, Zeppo Marx and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. Rosita (Sesame Street) Rosita Rosita is a Muppet character on the children's television series "Sesame Street". Fluent in both American English and Mexican Spanish, she is the first regular bilingual Muppet on the show. Rosita comes from Mexico and likes to play the guitar. History. Rosita was originally designed to look similar to a fruit bat and bore the name Rosita, La Monstrua de las Cuevas ("the monster of the caves"). However, her wings were removed in 2004 (the show's 35th season), but reinstated in 2021 (in the show’s 52nd season). She wears a ribbon in her hair, but in difference to Zoe she only wears one instead of two. Rosita was introduced to the series in 1991. Count von Count Count von Count (known simply as the Count) is a mysterious but friendly vampire Muppet on the long-running PBS/HBO children's television show"Sesame Street" who is meant to parody Bela Lugosi's portrayal of Count Dracula. He first appeared on the show in the Season 4 premiere in 1972, counting blocks in a sketch with Bert and Ernie. Tjahjo Kumolo Tjahjo Kumolo (1 December 1957 – 1 July 2022) was an Indonesian politician. He was the Minister of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform from 2019 until his death. He also was the Minister of Home Affairs in President Joko Widodo's cabinet from 2014 to 2019. Kumolo was also a member of the People's Representative Council from 1987 to 1997 and again from 1999 to 2004. Kumolo was born in Surakarta, Indonesia. Kumolo died on 1 July 2022 at a hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia at the age of 64. Grandma's Boy (1922 movie) Grandma's Boy is a 1922 American silent family comedy movie directed by Fred C. Newmeyer and starring Harold Lloyd, Mildred Davis, Anna Townsend, Dick Sutherland, Noah Young, Charles Stevenson. Bert and Ernie Bert and Ernie are two Muppet characters who appear together in numerous skits on the long-running PBS/HBO children's television show, "Sesame Street". Originated by Frank Oz and Jim Henson, the characters are currently performed by puppeteers Eric Jacobson and Peter Linz; Oz performed Bert until 2006. Arden Cho Arden Lim Cho (born August 16, 1985) is an American actress, singer and model. She is best known for her role as Kira Yukimura on "Teen Wolf". Richard Hunt Richard Hunt (August 17, 1951 – January 7, 1992) was an American puppeteer. He is best known as a Muppet performer on "Sesame Street", "The Muppet Show", "Fraggle Rock", and other projects for The Jim Henson Company. His roles on "The Muppet Show" included Scooter, Statler, Janice, Beaker, and Sweetums and characters on Sesame Street include Gladys the Cow, Don Music, and Forgetful Jones. Longeville Longeville () is a commune. It is in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in the Doubs department in eastern France. Geography. As the name suggests, Longeville is a long, narrow village It is the highest commune in the canton. The Capusin and Mont Belvoir slopes, which are 850m high, dominate the valley of the Loue River. Economy. Cheese production is an important industry, especially Comté. Comté is a hard cheese made of cow's milk. It is similar to Gruyère. Onans Onans () is a commune. It is in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region which is in eastern France. Henk Blok Henk Blok (born 4 January 1922) is a former Dutch volleyball coach. Blok was for almost 40 years coach of the men’s and later women’s national volleybal team. Career. Celebes. In 1946 he graduated from the Sport Academy in The Hague and started working there as a teacher. He was trainer in athletics, basketball and volleyball. The volleyball group got the name “Celebes”, after the street name were two of his pupils lived. In 1940 the volleyball club was founded under that name. In this team were among others , Jan van Zweeden, Rinus van Zweeden and Henny de Ruijter. The men’s teams were unbeaten, but at the time there was not a national competition. After the Dutch national volleyball federation, Nederlandse Volleybalbond, was founded in 1948 the women’s team started winning prizes. The team became in the second year (1949) national champion. The women’s became again national champion in 1955, 1956, 1958 and 1959. The team also played internationally, including to Moscow in 1962 during the Cold War. In later year, when Blok still had an assisting role, the team became national champion in 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969 and 1972 (the later two under new club name Haag ’68). Netherlands women's national volleyball team. Blok was head coach for almost 15 years of the Netherlands women's national volleyball team until between 1949 and 1963. Netherlands men's national volleyball team. After being coach of the women’s, Blok became in 1963 head coach of the Netherlands men's national volleyball team and stopped coaching the women’s national team. The national team became West-European Champion in Brussels. With this result the team also qualified for the 1964 Summer Olympics where volleyball was played for the first time. Blok pointed out that volleyball was not professional enough to come to world class achievements. After a disappoint 1967 European championships he stopped as head coach in 1968. In 1970 he received a medal of honor from the Dutch volleyball federation. Personal life. Blok was born on 4 January 1922 in Statenkwartier, The Hague, as the second of four children. His father was teacher and his women house wife. When he was young he did fencing and boxing. During World War II he has to leave his home as the Germans occupied the area. With having a Student card he didn’t had to move to Germany. Near the end of the war he moved to Sleeuwijk with an illegal document, with false SS stamps. He helps distributing food from Biesbosch farmer to Gorinchem. After the war he moved back to The Hague, where he graduated in 1946 and became teacher. In 1958 he married to Annet, a student he met when he was teacher at the Sports Academy. They had three children (son Michiel, and dochters Marlie and Dorien) and eight grand children. He retired in 1987. In November 2021, at the age of 99, he gave his last interview. Other websites. Newspaper articles about Blok — via Delpher BMX Bandits (movie) BMX Bandits is a 1983 Australian American action adventure comedy movie directed by Brian Trenchard-Smith and starring Nicole Kidman (in her debut), Bryan Marshall, David Argue, Angelo D'Angelo. It was distributed by Filmways Australasian Distributors. List of Sierra Leone Twenty20 International cricketers This is a list of Sierra Leone Twenty20 International cricketers. Sphaenorhynchus canga Sphaenorhynchus canga is a frog. It lives in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The adult male frog is 26.2–30.2 mm long from nose to rear end. It has a white line from each eye all the way to its rear end. It has a dark line from its nose to past the eye. The skin on the frog's back is light green in color. It has dark brown spots on its body. It has lighter brown spots on all four legs. There are shining lines on its face and the sides of its body. The belly is light green. Its skin is partially see-through: A person can look through its skin and see the muscles and green bones underneath. The iris of the eye is gold in color with brown marks. Scientists have seen this frog in permanent bodies of water and semi-permanent bodies of water. Sometimes, people see it in temporary bodies of water. The male frog sings for the female frog while sitting on plants that float on the water. Scientists have seen this frog on ironstone rocks that stick out. These places are called "canga." Athletics at the 1930 Women's World Games – triathlon The triathlon events at the 1930 Women's World Games was held in Prague at the Letná Stadium. It was the first time of a combined track and field event at the Women's World Games. The triathlon event consisted on 100 metres, high jump and javelin throw competitions. The event concluded on 8 September 1930. Entrants. In August 1930 entrants were published of the athletes of 5 nations: the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy and Great Britain. Listed below are the athletes from these nations who were entered for the thriathlon event. Results. Overall results. On 8 September, after all three the events. Músc mac Conaire Músc mac Conaire was a legendary Irish prince who probably ruled parts of Munster in the 2nd century AD. He was the son of High King Conaire Cóem and Sariad ingen Conn. Conaire Cóem Conaire Cóem was a legendary Gaelic king who ruled the Irish and Scots. He reigned, according to the later historian Geoffrey Keating, from 136 to 143, and from 150 to 164 according to scholar George Buchanan. Conaire was the son of Mug Láma and the husband of Sariad ingen Conn, the daughter of Conn of the Hundred Battles. 1930 Women's World Games The 1930 Women's World Games (Czech and Slovak III Ženské Světové Hry v Praze, French 3è Jeux Féminins Mondiaux ) were the third regular international Women's World Games, the tournament was held between September 6 - September 8 at the Letná Stadium in Prague. The games were organized by the Fédération Sportive Féminine Internationale under Alice Milliat as a response to the IOC decision to include only a few women's events in the 1928 Olympic Games. The games attended an audience of 20,000 spectators. Opening ceremony. The tournament was opened with an olympic style ceremony on 6 September 1930 at the Letná Stadium. The ceremony was attended by 20,000 spectators. It was bad weather with rain during the ceremony. The opening ceremony started with the parade of nations where the seventeen nations walked into the stadium. United Kingdom led the way, followed by the other countries in order of the czech alphabet. The teams were welcomed by Svagrovsky, the third chairman of the Fédération Sportive Féminine Internationale. Then there was a speech by the first mayor of Prague. After the speaches, thousands of carrier pigeons were released. There was a dance performance by 2000 youngsters, with loud enthusiasm from the audience. Events. In a source of the Czech Association for Olympic and Sport Philately also the sports shooting (4 and 6mm rifle, shooting from a 6mm pistol), Kayak and Swedish canoe races are listed as sports of the Games. Participating nations. The games were attended by 200 participants from 17 nations. A special commemorative medal was issued for the participants. Next to the above listed nations, the United States competed in the basketball America Zone tournament but didn’t qualify for the final. Mug Láma Mug Láma, (Anglicised as Mogald and Mogold) was a legendary king of Scots who ruled in the Ulaid. According to the 16th-century humanist scholar George Buchanan he succeeded Lughaid Allathach and ruled from 114 to 150. Zishan Shah Zishan Shah was born on 1 October 1987 in Brøndby. He is a cricketer from Denmark. He played for that country in a tournament in 2005. Desmond Elliot Desmond Elliot was born on the 4 of February 1974, he is a movie actor from Nigeria and also a movie director and politician. Elliot who has acted in more than two hundred films and many television programs, won the best supporting actor in a drama at the 2nd Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards and was also selected for the best-supporting actor at the 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards Yesterdays (Guns N' Roses song) "Yesterdays" is the third song on the Guns N' Roses album Use Your Illusion II. It was written by Axl Rose, West Arkeen, Del James and Billy McCloud. The song is also on the band’s 2004 compilation Greatest Hits. There is a Vegas version on the album Live Era '87–'93. The song ended up at number eight on the UK Singles Chart and at number 72 on the US BillboardHot 100. Yemen national under-17 football team The Yemen national under-17 football team is a team of football players under 17 from Yemen. The team is controlled by the Yemen Football Association and played in the 2003 FIFA U-17 World Championship in Finland. Willoughby Gray John Willoughby Gray MBE was born on 5 November 1916. He died on 13 February 1993. He was an English actor on television and in movies. Rashidi Yekini Rashidi Yekini (23 October 1963 – 4 May 2012) was a Nigerian professional footballer who played as a Forward. He is the all-time top goalscorer for his nation. He was widely considered as one of the best football players in Africa. His professional career, which lasted for more than 20 years, was mainly with Vitória de Setúbal in Portugal, but he also played in six other countries besides his own. Yekini scored 37 goals as a Nigerian international footballer, and represented the nation in seven big tournaments, including two World Cups where he scored the country's first-ever goal in the competition. He was also named the African Footballer of the Year in 1993. Wife Number Two Wife Number Two is a 1917 American silent drama movie. It was directed and written by William Nigh. The movie starred Valeska Suratt. It was the second to last silent movie that Suratt acted in. The movie is lost. That means no one can watch it or find any copies of it. Enoch Adeboye Enoch Adejare Adeboye was born on 2nd of March 1942, He is a Nigerian pastor, General Overseer of Redeemed Christian Church of God in Lagos. Enoch Adejare Adeboye was born to a small village in Ifewara, near Ife, in Osun State, Nigeria. He was born into a very poor family background. Terri Hawkes Teresa Anne "Terrie" Hawkes (born May 11, 1958) is a Canadian actress and writer. Susan Roman Susan Roman (born April 12, 1957) is a Canadian voice actress and voice director, best known for voice acting the role of Lita/Sailor Jupiter in the Canada DiC (and later Cloverway/CWi) dub of the anime, "Sailor Moon". She is one of the few voice actors to remain throughout the entire run of the Sailor Moon series. Torrey DeVitto Torrey Devitto is an American actress and musician. She plays Natalie Manning on NBC Chicago Med. Foluke Adeboye Foluke Adeboye was born on the 13th of July,1948. She is a wife to Enoch Adeboye.she was given birth to the family of Jacob Adelusi Adeyokunnu,Ayeyokunnu was a prince of the kings family of Owa Obokun Oji in Ijeshaland,Osun State, Nigeria.Not only was her father of the kings race but also a teacher in the [Methodist mission] and a Christian questioner.She is the most senior of six girls and four boys in the family. Frndly TV Frndly TV is an American TV network Tony Daniels Tony Daniels (born January 23, 1963 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian voice actor. Works. He is well known for providing the voices of Uncle Flippy in "JoJo's Circus", as well as Jadeite and Wiseman in the original English dub of "Sailor Moon". He is also known for the voice of Gambit in "X-Men: The Animated Series" and "Marvel vs. Capcom" series. Daniels also provides voices for CBC Television and CBC News Network and appeared on camera in shows and films including "Code Name: Eternity", "Gracie's Choice", "Get Ed", and "Eerie, Indiana: The Other Dimension". In the mid-2010s, he moved to New York City, however, he still does voice acting for Canadian productions. Betty Cohen Betty Susan Cohen (born July 27, 1956) is an American businesswoman and media executive. She is best known as the founder and original president of Cartoon Network from 1992 to 2001. Personal life. Cohen lives in New York City, New York. Cartoon Cartoons Cartoon Cartoons is a collective name used by Cartoon Network for their original animated television series originally aired between 1995 and 2003. Diegetic music Diegetic music or source music is a form of music in movies and dramas. It is when the audience hears the same thing the characters hear. In storytelling, it is called diegesis. Non-diegetic music is when the characters cannot hear the music. Diegetic sound can include noises of objects or voices in the story. Film Music. Diegetic music is common in movies. The characters in a film hear something and the audience hears the same thing. If a character in the film turns on a CD player and listens to music and the audience hears it, this is called diegetic. In the film "Titanic", a string quartet plays music while the ship is sinking. The people on the ship hear the music and the audience hears the music. In "Apocalypse Now", helicopters are raiding a village. The leading colonel turns on a loud stereo with the music The Ride of the Valkyries by Richard Wagner. The soldiers hear this music and the audience hear it too. When Marty Mcfly plays his guitar in "Back to the Future", both the characters in the film and the viewers hear it. Marty plays music from the future. The listeners in the film do not know the music, but the music is still diegetic. There are variations to diegetic music. One is "metadiagetic" sound. These are sounds the characters imagine. The sounds are not heard in the surrounding reality. This is not that common in films. An example is in "Amadeus" (1984). Composer Antonio Salieri, played by F. Murray Abraham is reading music composed by Mozart and the audience hears what Salieri imagines in his head. There is no actual orchestra present in the scene playing the music. There is also "cross-over diegesis." This is when the music goes from diegetic to non-diegetic. "Non-diegetic" music is not heard by the audience. In "Star Wars", most of the score is "non-diegetic" orchestra work that John Williams composed. The music may describe characters or scenes like Leia's Theme or the Imperial March. However, only the audience hears this music. Musical Theater. In musical theatre diegetic music has the same meaning. It is music in the narrative of the story. This is not necessarily when characters sing and are unaware. However, it is when there is a song literarily in the plot. For instance, in the "Sound of Music" the song Edelweiss is diegetic. Captain von Trapp is performing it in the story for others in the story. FIFA 22 FIFA 22 is a 2021 association football simulation video game in Electronic Arts' "FIFA" series created by EA Vancouver and published by Electronic Arts. It was released for the Playstation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X and Series S, Nintendo Switch, Google Stadia and Microsoft Windows. 2022 Atlantic hurricane season The 2022 Atlantic hurricane season is the current Atlantic hurricane season. It officially began on June 1, 2022, and will end on November 30, 2022. These dates, adopted by convention, historically describe the period in each year when most Atlantic tropical cyclones form. Systems. Tropical Storm Alex. This hurricane traveled from Mexico to Ierland. Tropical Storm Bonnie. This cyclone travled from Cape Verde through the pacific Ocean Carmen Osbahr Carmen Osbahr-Vertiz (born April 21, 1962) is a Mexican-born American puppeteer, singer and voice actress who has performed Rosita in the popular hit children's series Sesame Street, since 1991. Osbahr has also performed Kiki Flores in The Puzzle Place and Lily in Johnny and the Sprites. From September 8–10, 2017, she was an additional Muppet performer for a live show at the Hollywood Bowl titled The Muppets Take the Bowl, and the following year, she performed in London for The Muppets Take the O2. Julia (Sesame Street) Julia is a fictional character on the children's television program "Sesame Street". She is known for being the first "Sesame Street" character with autism. Ryan Dillon Ryan Dillon (born May 25, 1988) is an American puppeteer who has played Elmo since 2013, replacing Kevin Clash. The Not-Too-Late Show with Elmo The Not-Too-Late Show with Elmo is an American late-night talk show hosted by the Muppet character Elmo. It is a spin-off of "Sesame Street" and was developed exclusively for the HBO Max streaming service. The series, consisting of 13 episodes, debuted on HBO Max on May 27, 2020. The first three episodes were available at launch, after which new episodes were premiered weekly. Each episode runs for 15 minutes. In March 2021, the series was renewed for a second season which premiered on September 30, 2021, when the show moved to the service's Cartoonito section. However, in August 2022, the series was removed from HBO Max. Premise. The host of the late-night talk show series is the Muppet character Elmo. The American program's main curricular goals are centered around children's bedtime routines, of which each episode demonstrates a different aspect. The Israeli program focuses primarily on long-form, in-depth celebrity interviews, designed to help younger viewers connect with others on a deeper level. Cast and characters. The Israeli version adds Moishe Oofnik, the Yiddish-influenced curmudgeon famous from Sesame Street's Israeli adaptations, as Elmo's sidekick. International broadcast. In Southeast Asia, the series is aired through HBO Go and episodes are released alongside their HBO Max releases in the United States. In Canada, the series premiered on Treehouse TV on September 5, 2020. In New Zealand, the series premiered on TVNZ OnDemand on January 8, 2021. The show began airing on Cartoon Network in the United States on January 28, 2022 under the Cartoonito brand. Sesame Workshop announced the production of an Israeli adaptation of the series, titled "The Talk Show with Elmo" (תוכנית האירוח של אלמו), which is slated to premiere on Hop! Channel in October of the same year. 14 episodes have been produced. Production. The pilot show was directed by Benjamin Lehmann and was produced in January 2019, and features special guest Kacey Musgraves performing "Rubber Duckie". Full production of the series took place in November and December 2019. In addition to Musgraves, confirmed guests were Jimmy Fallon, the Jonas Brothers, John Oliver, an uncredited actor Victor Joel Ortiz portraying Batman, Jason Sudeikis, Kwame Alexander, Sara Bareilles, Miles Brown, Ciara, Andy Cohen, Dan + Shay, Josh Groban, Mykal-Michelle Harris, H.E.R., Hoda Kotb, Lil Nas X, Blake Lively, John Mulaney, Pentatonix, Ben Platt, Jonathan Van Ness, Olivia Wilde and Sofia Carson. On March 29, 2021, HBO Max renewed the series for a second season. Reception. "The Not-Too-Late Show with Elmo" received positive reviews. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the first season of the show an 81% "fresh" rating based on 16 reviews with an average rating of 7/10. The critical consensus is: "With great guests, fun games, and a lot of silly songs, "The Not-Too-Late Show with Elmo" is a fitting bedtime show for tots that parents may even enjoy as well". Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100, assigned a rating score of 70 based on 8 critic reviews, meaning favorable reviews for the first season. The show has been reviewed by "The Hollywood Reporter", "Variety", "The Week", and Comic Book Resources among others. Psi Ursae Majoris Psi Ursae Majoris is an orange giant star in the constellation Ursa Major. It is located 145 light years away from the Sun and Earth. It is nearly 20 times larger than the Sun. Delta Ursae Majoris Delta Ursae Majoris, also called Megrez, is a white star located in the constellation Ursa Major. It is 1.4 times as wide as the Sun, but 14 times brighter. Gamma Ursae Majoris Gamma Ursae Majoris, also called Phad or Phecda, is a white star in the exclusively northern constellation of Ursa Major, with a smaller companion star. The primary white star is 3 times wider than the Sun. Mizar Mizar or Zeta Ursae Majoris is a binary star located in the Ursa Major constellation. It is also a companion to the fainter binary star of Alcor. Both are white stars a few times larger than the Sun and are located 83 light years away from the Sun. Alcor (star) Alcor or 80 Ursae Majoris is a binary star located in the Ursa Major constellation. It is also a companion to the brighter binary star of Mizar. The main star is a white star a few times larger than the Sun. Alcor is located 83 light years away from the Sun along with Mizar. 36 Ursae Majoris 36 Ursae Majoris is a star, slightly larger and hotter than the Sun, located nearly 42 light years away in the exclusively northern constellation of Ursa Major. It is possible that the star has planets or brown dwarfs orbiting it. What Happened to Santiago Lo que le Pasó a Santiago "("; "English: "What Happened to Santiago")" is a 1989 Puerto Rican drama movie directed by Jacobo Morales (who also stars) and also starring Tommy Muñiz, Gladys Rodríguez, René Monclova, Johanna Rosaly, Roberto Vigoreaux. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1990. New Looney Tunes New Looney Tunes, originally titled Wabbit: A Looney Tunes Production in the US and Bugs! in some markets for its first season, is an American animated television series from Warner Bros. Animation based on the characters from "Looney Tunes" and "Merrie Melodies". The series debuted on September 21, 2015, on Cartoon Network, and continued with new episodes beginning on October 5, 2015, on Boomerang. Part way through the first season, new episodes would premiere on Boomerang's video on demand service before airing on television. Blair Tickner Blair Marshall Tickner was born 13 October, 1993 in Napier. He is a New Zealand cricketer who played two One-Day Internationals and 8 Twenty20 Internationals for New Zealand. He is set to take over the bowling attack once Neil Wagner retires from international cricket. Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal (August 15, 1928 – May 3, 2002) was a Somalia politician who served as the President of Somaliland from 1993 to his death in 2002. He previously served as the first Prime Minister of the Somali Republic for eleven days in 1960 and again from 1967 to 1969. Egal died on May 3, 2002 in Pretoria, South Africa at the age of 73.also he was warlord of Somalia even today some of somali people are believing he was the man who broke the great Somalia Between Rings Between Rings: The Esther Phiri Story is a 2014 Zambian Finnish documentary co-directed by Jessie Chisi and Salla Sorri and is based on the story about Esther Phiri Zambia's first female boxing champion. Sanya Dharmasakti Sanya Dharmasakti (April 5, 1907 – January 6, 2002) was a Thai jurist, university professor and politician. He served as the 12th Prime Minister of Thailand from 1973 to 1975. Sanya Dharmasakti was one of the most influential figures in the politics of Thailand Dharmasakti died on January 6, 2002 in Bangkok, Thailand at the age of 94. NCS Group NCS Group (also known as NCS Pte Ltd or "NCS", previously known as National Computer Systems) is a multinational information technology company headquartered in Singapore. NCS has over 12,000 staff located in more than 20 cities across Asia Pacific. History. NCS was founded in 1981 when the Government of Singapore begin to strengthen information technology for both the public and private company. It was restructured as a commercial entity in 1996 and became a wholly owned subsidiary of SingTel Group in 1997. NCS adopted its current name on 1 November 2003.In 2002, SingTel Aeradio merged with NCS, retaining much of its identity as NCS Communications Engineering (NCS Comms Engg). In 2008, NCS bought 60% of local rival IT company's shares, Singapore Computer Systems, triggering a buyout of the company. In 2020, NCS acquires digital services 2359 Media. Management. In 2005, Chong Yoke Sin became the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). She resigned in 2007 for personal reasons and Lim Eng took over as the CEO. Lim retired in 2010 and Chief Operating Officer Chia Wee Boon took over as CEO. On 1 August 2019, the Singtel Group appointed Ng Kuo Pin as the new CEO of NCS after Chia retired stepped down. Incident. Corrupt acts for business interests 2022. On 18 March 2022, Goh Sia Choon Jeffrey (sole Director and shareholder of SC Integrated Engineering Pte Ltd at the material time), Goh Hai Chew Edward (Director of NCS Communications Engineering Pte Ltd at the material time), and Lee Wen Han (Project Director of NCS CE at the material time), were charged in Singapore court for corruption practice. In exchange for advancing the SCI’s business interest with NCS CE and its parent company, NCS Group, Jeffrey gave bribe totalling about $96,000 Singapore Dollars in the form of air tickets, hotel stay at Israel, cash money and electronic products to Wen Han and Edward over 19 times between 17 May 2018 and 19 November 2019. Jeffrey face 19 counts of corruptly giving bribe to Edward and Wen Han in exchange for business interests of SCI with NCS CE and NCS Group. Wen Han and Edward will each face 19 counts of conspiring to corruptly obtain bribe from Jeffrey as an exchange for boosting the business interests. Corrupt acts for business recommendations 2020. On 24 March 2020, Teo Joo Tye (Senior Technical Services Manager of NCS Group) and Ngiam Chee Chong (Director of Emersion IT Services Pte Ltd), were charged in Singapore court for corruption practice. Teo Joo Tye accepted bribery from Ngiam Chee Chong, in exchange for Teo to recommend Emersion as a subcontractor of NCS Group to perform IT infrastructure works, relating to 13 contracts that were awarded to Emersion. NCS employee stealing at IMDA. Soh Jun Sheng, a Malaysian desktop engineer from NCS Group, stole technology equipment worthing more than $62,000 in Singapore Dollars from the Info-Communications Media Development Authority (IMDA) while working under NCS Group. When Soh was working at NCS Group, he was deployed to IMDA for providing IT support and issuing laptops to IMDA employees. He was also allowed to access a few secured rooms at IMDA's office. Soh owes the debt from gambling, and decided to steal technology equipment from IMDA and sell it at Carousell for profits to pay his gambling debt. While working in IMDA office, he stole 30 Lenovo ThinkPad laptops, 6 iPads, 6 Lenovo monitors, 17 docking stations, 80 Lenovo power adaptors, 25 laptop bags, and 32 Lenovo mice from the office. Soh's burglary act at IMDA was later discovered, an IT associate from NCS Group filed a police report and Soh was arrested on 4 June 2018. The police raided his home and office, and found numerous computer devices and accessories, some of which were belongs to Soh. The IMDA later file a lawsuit against Soh. On 18 February 2019, Soh pleded guilty to 9 counts of criminal act and was sentenced to 2 years of imprisonment. Sex for contracts scandal. Esther Goh Tok Mui (Director of Business Development of NCS Pte Ltd at the time) was one of the women involved in the sex for contracts scandal with Peter Lim Sin Pang (commissioner of Singapore Civil Defence Force at the time). Between year 2010 and 2011, Esther Goh Tok Mui provided Lim Sin Pang sexual services or oral sex services in exchange for help in boosting the NCS Pte Ltd's business interests with the SCDF. Goh Tok Mui have sexual intercourse with Lim Sin Pang for a total of 7 times between April and November in 2011, at locations including a car park near to the Singapore Indoor Stadium and a HDB flat locate in Clementi. Peter Lim Sin Pang was caught and arrested on 4 January 2012 by the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau. He was later expelled by SCDF on 31 Aug 2013, and he was sentenced to 6 months of imprisonment for his corruption crime. The contract signed between SCDF and NCS were then reportedly investigated by the Ministry of Home Affairs. Because the incident had exposed, Goh Tok Mui left NCS Pte Ltd and it’s unknown if Goh was expelled or resigned. CHAS computer system error. On 16 February 2019, the Singapore's Ministry of Health (MOH) released statement stating that there was an error in the computer system, managed by NCS Group, for the Community Health Assist Scheme (CHAS). The error miscalculated the amount of health care aids applicants could receive through means-testing their income information. Thus, around 1,300 people received lower aids and 6,400 people received higher aids. The first problem in a result of a CHAS card holder was detected on 24 September 2018 by MOH. NCS Group was informed quickly, which then consider the problem by infrequent network connection problems. Between 9 October 2018 and 2 November 2018, another 5 more error cases were detected and leading into a deeper investigation. In November 2018, NCS Pte Ltd traced the reason of problems to a software version issue used on a server used by the system. The found issue happened during a merging of the system to another government data center in September 2018. The software version issue was resolved to fix an unrelated slow performance issue on 10 October 2018. However, wrong results created between 18 September 2018 and 10 October 2018 stays. Corrections were then carried out by MOH and NCS Group to estimate the impact on the affected applicants. MOH would then work with grant scheme administrators and healthcare institutions to follow up with notifications and repayment to the affected applicants. MOH reportedly had the intention to recover costs and expenses due to this incident from NCS Group as allowed in the contract between them. Echota Cherokee The Echota Cherokee Tribe of Alabama is one of the nine state recognized native American tribes in Alabama and gained it's State recognition in 1984 in Opelika, Alabama. There are currently 57,896 Echota. Chiefs. The current Chief of the Echota Cherokee is Dennis Wooten. The Vice Chief is Rita Majors. List of Chiefs. William A. Shedd, Jr. Chief Joseph "Two Eagles" Stewart Chief Thomas "Flying Bear" Hutto Chief Joseph "Two Eagles" Stewart Chief Wayne "Black Fox" Rasco Chief David "Iron Bear" Sanderson Chief Perry "Blue Wolf" White Chief Billy "Gray Fox" Shaw Chief Charlotte "Qua'Li" Hallmark Chief Stanley "Lame Bear" Trimm Chief Dennis "Red Stag" Wooten The Freshman (1925 movie) The Freshman is a 1925 American silent comedy movie directed by Fred C. Newmeyer and Sam Taylor and starring Harold Lloyd, Jobyna Ralston, Brooks Benedict, Hazel Keener, Pat Harmon. It was distributed by Pathé Exchange. Fran Brill Fran Brill (born September 30, 1946) is an American retired actress and puppeteer. There's a Girl in My Soup There's a Girl in My Soup is a 1970 British romantic comedy movie directed by Roy Boulting and was based on the stage play of the same name. It stars Goldie Hawn, Peter Sellers, Tony Britton, Judy Campbell, Nicky Henson, Diana Dors, Oscar Quitak, Nicola Pagett, Gabrielle Drake, Thorley Walters, Christopher Cazenove and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. Nelleke Stuy van der Herik Nelleke “Nel” Dikshoorn-Stuy van der Herik with surname also written as Stuy van den Herik is a former Dutch volleyball player. She played with AMVJ, Amsterdam and the Netherlands women's national volleyball team. She was a player on the first Netherlands women's national volleyball team. She represented the Netherlands at the 1949 Women's European Volleyball Championship and 1951 Women's European Volleyball Championship. She has multiple times been praised for her good smashes. Biography. In the late 1940s main volleyball championships and leagues were born. Stuy van der Herik was a player on the early volleyball teams. In 1948 AMVJ became the first Dutch National Champion at the inaugural Dutch Volleyball League. Both AMVJ as the Dutch national team played against one of the United States women's national volleyball teams in their first intercontinental match ever. She participated at the 1949 Women's European Volleyball Championship, the inaugural European Volleyball Championships. As the national didn’t had at the time their own shirts, they borrowed the shirts of the national basketball team. Two years later she was also part of the team at the 1951 Women's European Volleyball Championship. After not playing for a while for AMVJ, she was drafted back into the volleyball team from December 1951. In the later years no main international championships held. During these years she competed with the national team at international invitation matches, including against Belgium in January 1953. and in June 1953 Due to an undesirable altitude at a training of the national team in 1953, she was suspended by the Dutch Volleyball Association for two years, just like six other women and five men. In may 1954 the conflict was resolved and the suspension was lifted. The same month she was called-up for the international match against Belgium. In October 1954 she played at the international volleyball tournament (Italy, France, Belgium and the Netherlands) in Paris. In November 1954 she played with the team against Belgium. In February 1955 she played against France. Her last call-up for was later in February 1955, in preparation for the match against Belgium. Where Are Your Children? Where Are Your Children? is a 1943 American crime movie directed by William Nigh and starring Jackie Cooper, Gale Storm, Patricia Morrison, John Litel, Gertrude Michael, Anthony Warde, Addison Richards, Sarah Edwards, Betty Blythe. It was distributed by Monogram Pictures. TANS Perú Flight 204 TANS Perú Flight 204 was a flight that crashed on August 23, 2005 near the Peruvian city of Pucallpa. 40 of the 98 people on board were killed. The accident was the fifth most serious in August 2005, a dark month for commercial aviation, which also included, among others, the tragedies of Helios Airways Flight 522 and West Caribbean Flight 708. Accident. Flight 204, carried out in a Boeing 737, left Lima's Jorge Chávez International Airport at 2:24 p.m. for a 53-minute flight to Pucallpa. At 14:52, the crew began the descent to the Pucallpa airport. At that time, the weather conditions began to worsen, preventing a visual approach from being made. Conditions continued to worsen, however the pilots continued with the maneuver. Suddenly the plane entered a heavy hailstorm that caused the pilots to lose situational awareness and fail to abort the maneuver. The plane finally crashed and split in two in the middle of the jungle at 15:09, just 5 kilometers from the airport. 40 of the people on the plane died. On board the aircraft were 73 Peruvians, 11 Americans, 4 Italians, 2 Brazilians, 1 Colombian, 1 Spanish and 1 Australian. In television. Flight 204 has been the subject of a "Reader's Digest" story and an MSNBC documentary. The Canadian TV series, "Air Crash Investigation", has also produced an episode about the accident named "Lack of Vision". Karim Konaté Karim Konaté (born 21 March 2004) is an Ivorian professional footballer. He plays as a forward for FC Liefering on loan from FC Red Bull Salzburg. He also plays for the Ivory Coast national team. Club career. He started his career in the youth of ASEC Mimosas. In 2020 he became part of the first team. In his first season he scored 7 goals in 18 matches. 2022 he went on to the Austrian Bundesliga team FC Red Bull Salzburg where he signed a contract till 2027 and was loaned to FC Liefering. He made his debut for FC Liefering in July 2022 in the 2nd round of the Second League versus SK Vorwärts Steyr. International career. Konaté played his first match for thr Ivory Coast national team in a 0–0 World Cup 2022 qualifikation match against Mozambique on 3 March 2021. Sphaenorhynchus cammaeus Sphaenorhynchus cammaeus is a frog. It lives in Brazil. Scientists have seen it in exactly one place: Reserva Biológica de Pedra Talhada, 850 meters above sea level. The scientists who wrote the first paper about this frog wrote that the adult male frog was 24.8–29.3 mm long from nose to rear end. They only found one adult female frog. She was 26.6 mm long. Mike Lazzo Mike Lazzo is an American television producer, and the former executive vice president in charge of the Adult Swim programming block of Cartoon Network, and its production Williams Street the creator of Space Ghost Coast to Coast. Helios Airways Flight 522 On August 14, 2005, Helios Airways Flight 522 covered the route between Larnaca International Airport (Cyprus), and Ruzyně International Airport (Prague, Czech Republic), with a stopover in Athens (Greece). The aircraft, a Boeing 737, collided with a mountain at 09:04 UTC on that day, near Grammatiko, 40 km north of Athens (with 115 passengers and six crew members on board), while on approach to Athens airport capital. All people on board died. It is the deadliest aviation disaster in Greek history. Flight crew. The flight captain was Hans-Jürgen Merten, a 59-year-old German pilot hired by Helios for the holiday season, who had been flying for 35 years and had a total of 16,900 flight hours, 5,500 of them on Boeing 737s. The first officer was Pampos Charalambous, a 51-year-old Cypriot pilot who had flown exclusively on Helios for the last five years, accumulating 7,549 flight hours throughout his career, 3,991 of them on the Boeing 737. Passengers. The bodies of 118 people were recovered. The passenger list included 93 adults and 22 children. The passengers comprised 103 Cypriot nationals and 12 Greek nationals. Cause. The cause of the accident was due to the fact that after takeoff, as the aircraft gained altitude, a failure when configuring the pressurization regulator caused the loss of consciousness of both the pilots and the passengers due to hypoxia, turning the aircraft into at that time in a "ghost flight" that was only kept flying by the operation of the autopilot. Finally, already over Greek territory, it hit a hill due to lack of fuel. Other accidents. The accident was the largest in the history of Greek aviation, along with one of the most serious in August 2005, a dark month for commercial aviation, which also featured, among others, the tragedies of West Caribbean Airways Flight 708 and TANS Perú Flight 204. Slender-legged tree frogs Osteocephalus is a group of frogs. In English, they are named the slender-legged tree frogs. They are a genus in the family Hylidae. They live in the Guianas, the Amazon Basin, Venezuela, Colombia, southeastern Brazil, and northeastern Argentina. Male frogs have warty, bumpy skin, and female frogs have smooth skin. Species. There are 25 species in "Osteocephalus": Manaus slender-legged tree frog The Manaus slender-legged tree frog ("Osteocephalus taurinus ") is a frog. It lives in the places around the Amazon River and Orinoco River. This is in Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. The adult male frog is 71 to 92 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 90 to 101 mm. The male frogs have warty skin on their backs and the female frogs have no warts. The skin of the frog's back is brown. Some frogs have a light brown line down the middle of the back. The back legs have dark brown stripes going sideways. The iris of the eye is gold in color with black marks. The belly is light in color. This frog lives in trees almost all the time. It hides during the day and looks for food at night. People have seen it in primary forest and secondary forest. When the male frogs sing for the female frogs, they sit on short plants or in the water. The female frog lays 2000 eggs at a time. The eggs are black in color. The female frog lays eggs on the surface of the water. The tadpoles eat frog eggs. They eat the eggs of other types of frogs but also the eggs of the Manaus slender-legged tree frog. Helios Airways Helios Airways was a low-cost airline that operated various scheduled and charter flights between Cyprus and various European destinations. The airline ceased its flights on November 6, 2006 due to the Cypriot government suspending the company's operations and freezing its bank accounts. Badagry festival Badagry festival is a yearly even which takes place in Badagry, a town in Lagos State, in Nigeria. It is planned by the African Renaissance Foundation (AREFO). The event shows the importance of the olden town during the slave trade period. It is a showcasing of culture and a display of African pride. The planner brings the native and culture-loving person's from many places of the world to come celebrate the festival. One of the most important is the physical showcasing by the masquerades, dancers, and fire eaters. It also shows football activities, the beating of Sato drum and freedom day happiness. The festival started in 1999 to celebrate the end of slave trade period and the importance of the olden city during the period. The SATO drum is a native drum usually beaten during celebrations,it is 3m tall and is played with 7sticks Category African culture Your Latest Trick "Your Latest Trick" is a song by Dire Straits. It is the fourth song on the band’s fifth album, Brothers in Arms (1985). It was the album's fifth and last single. It was also on the live album On the Night. The same live version is on . The full-length version was on the compilation . You Could Be Mine "You Could Be Mine" is a song by the American rockband Guns N' Roses. It is from their fourth album, Use Your Illusion II. The song came out on June 21, 1991. It was the first single from any of the "Use Your Illusion" albums. The song first came out in director James Cameron's 1991 movie, . Along with "Civil War", another song from Use Your Illusion II, You Could Be Mine was at number 29 on the US Billboard Hot 100, number three on the UK Singles Chart, and number one in Finland and Spain. It was also in the top five in more than 10 other countries. Woman in the Moon Woman in the Moon is a German science fiction silent movie. It was first shown on 15 October 1929 at the UFA-Palast am Zoo theater in Berlin. There were 2000 people in the audience. Many people say it is one of the first "serious" science fiction films. It was directed by Fritz Lang. it was written by his wife Thea von Harbou. It was based on von Harbou’s 1928 book, The Rocket to the Moon. In the US it was called By Rocket to the Moon. In the UK it was called Woman in the Moon. A large group of people watching got to see how rockets work for the first time. The movie was recorded between October 1928 and June 1929 at the UFA studios in Neubabelsberg, near Berlin. Vinoth Baskaran Vinoth Baskaran was born on 16 May 1990. He is a cricketer. He is from Singapore and is a Twenty20 International cricket. Ventura Highway "Ventura Highway" is a song by the band America. It was written in 1972. It is from the band’s album Homecoming. The song was written by Dewey Bunnell. Vaufrey Vaufrey is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Usman Khawaja Usman Tariq Khawaja was born on 18 December 1986. He is an Australian cricketer who plays for Australia and Queensland. Khawaja started playing first-class cricket for New South Wales in 2008. He played his first international (involving the whole world) match for Australia in January 2011. Khawaja was born in Pakistan and moved to Australia with his family when he was five. He has played county cricket in the United Kingdom. For a short time, he played in the Indian Premier League and the Pakistan Super League. Timber (Pitbull song) "Timber" is a song recorded by American rapper Pitbull featuring American singer Kesha. It was released on October 7, 2013, through Polo Grounds and RCA Records. It is from Pitbull's EP, "Meltdown" (2013). The harmonica in the song is sampled from Lee Oskar's 1978 song "San Francisco Bay", and "Timber" also samples "Face Down, Ass Up" by Luke featuring 2 Live Crew; Leo Klaskin's "Superman" Theme; and Pitbull's own "11:59" featuring Vain. The song was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on June 23, 2022, for sales and streams of over 10 million equivalent copies in the US alone. Duck Amuck Duck Amuck is an American animated surreal comedy short movie. It was directed by Charles M. Jones and written by Van Partible. The short was released on September 15, 1965 as part of the Looney Tunes series, and stars Daffy Duck and Bugs Bunny uncredited for ending. Boar's tusk helmet The boar's tusk helmet is a type of military headwear used in Mycenaean Greece. The helmet was made of ivory from a boar's tusks and attached in rows onto a leather base padded with felt. Homeric epic. A description of a boar's tusk helmet appears in the tenth book of Homer's "Iliad" where Odysseus is armed for a night-raid against the Trojans. The number of ivory plates needed to make a helmet ranges from 40 to 140. Also, around forty to fifty boars would have to be killed to make just one helmet. Glaucetas Glaucetas, or Glauketas (; flourished 315–300 BC), was a Greek pirate mostly active in the Aegean Sea during the 4th century BC. Little is known about his life. Glaucetas is mentioned in ancient Greek inscriptions, or stone markings, describing how the navy of Athens led by Thymochares attacked his base on the island of Kythnos. In the end, the Athenian navy removed Glaucetas from Kynthos thus "making the sea safe for those that sailed thereon." New Haven, Vermont New Haven is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States. Orwell, Vermont Orwell is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States. Panton, Vermont Panton is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States. Ripton, Vermont Ripton is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States. Salisbury, Vermont Salisbury is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States. Shoreham, Vermont Shoreham is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States. Starksboro, Vermont Starksboro is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States. Waltham, Vermont Waltham is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States. Weybridge, Vermont Weybridge is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States. Whiting, Vermont Whiting is a town in Addison County, Vermont, United States. Arlington, Vermont Arlington is a town in Bennington County, Vermont, United States. Dorset, Vermont Dorset is a town in Bennington County, Vermont, United States. Glastenbury, Vermont Glastenbury is a town in Bennington County, Vermont, United States. Landgrove, Vermont Landgrove is a town in Bennington County, Vermont, United States. Barnum, Minnesota Barnum is a city in Carlton County, Minnesota, United States. The Calling The Calling is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California. It was formed in 1996 by lead singer and guitarist Alex Band and guitarist Aaron Kamin. The current, official lineup of the band (as of 2020) consists of Band, Daniel Thomson and Travis Loafman. Thomson and Loafman have both joined The Calling in 2016. They are best known for their hit single, "Wherever You Will Go", which topped the Adult Top 40 for 23 weeks, making it the second longest running number one in the chart’s history and later named the number one song of the decade of 2000s on the Adult Pop Charts by "Billboard" magazine. Their debut album "Camino Palmero" was released in July 2001 and was a commercial success. Their second album "Two", was released in June 2004. Its lead single "Our Lives" was featured in the closing ceremonies of the 2004 Summer Olympics as well as the opening song of the 78th annual Academy Awards. The band broke up in 2005, but in 2013, The Calling reformed with a new lineup. History. Formation (1996–2000). The band was formed by Alex Band (lead vocals) and Aaron Kamin (lead guitar, backing vocals) when Kamin was dating Band's sister. Kamin and Band initially began jamming and writing songs as far back as 1996, and began gigging under the band name "Generation Gap" with a drummer who was twice their age. At this stage, the band also included saxophonist Benny Golbin, giving the songs a more jazzy sound reminiscent of Dave Matthews Band. Eventually, Band and Kamin ditched the "Gap" lineup, and briefly switched their name to "Next Door", which itself was a nod to Ron Fair, a veteran music business executive and Band's neighbor. They quickly found their own sound amongst radio rock acts of the early 21st century such as Matchbox Twenty, Third Eye Blind, Train, and Fastball. By 1999, Fair was impressed enough by the demos to sign them to a record deal with RCA. They changed their name to "The Calling", which reflected the band's sense of purpose. "Camino Palmero" and departures of Woolstenhulme, Mohler, and Wood (2001–2002). While the RCA deal was a huge boost, it also created a new problem for Band and Kamin: they had no solid band and, thus, had hardly toured and built a fanbase. Rather than putting them out on the road and building regional support, Fair worked intensely with Band and Kamin for over two years perfecting the debut album. The Calling's first album was recorded from 1999–2001, with Sean Woolstenhulme (formerly with Lifehouse) (rhythm guitar), Billy Mohler (bass), and Nate Wood (drums). The Calling's first album, "Camino Palmero", was issued in July 2001 and quickly became a hit due to the strength of its single, "Wherever You Will Go", which was named the No. 1 Adult Pop song of the decade by "Billboard" magazine. The song was featured prominently in the television series "Smallville's" first-season episode "Metamorphosis". It was also featured in the 2000 film "Coyote Ugly" with the group performing in the background in the first club scene, and in early trailers in 2001 for the "Star Trek" prequel series "". In an episode of the CBS television drama "Cold Case", "Frank's Best", the song is played at the end of the episode. "Camino Palmero" ultimately sold more than five million copies worldwide and was certified gold in the United States. In June 2002, Woolstenhulme left The Calling. His replacement was Dino Meneghin. Mohler and Wood left in October 2002. In November 2003, former members Wood and Mohler sued Band, Kamin, and the group's management, accusing them of mismanagement, fraud, and asking for an audit of the money that was spent during their tenures in The Calling. They claimed that they were promised a share of the royalties and profits from touring and merchandise. Band and Kamin claimed that the two were not entitled to any records of the royalties. "Two" and first breakup (2004–2005). In June 2004, the group returned with "Two". The album had three singles and accompanying videos: "Our Lives", "Things Will Go My Way", and "Anything". However, "Two" had disappointing sales compared to their first album. After a lengthy world tour in support of the album, Kamin and Band decided to disband The Calling. They played a farewell show in Temecula, California on June 6, 2005. Alex then began pursuing a solo career and played occasional shows. Temporary reunion and second breakup (2013). On August 15, 2013, Alex Band reformed The Calling with new members. The band performed their comeback gig at Bally's Atlantic City on August 17. On August 18, Band was reportedly abducted by two men that robbed him, beat him severely, and dumped him on train tracks in Lapeer, Michigan. He was taken to an emergency room at a nearby hospital, where he was treated and released. After only a few shows, the group broke up again. Upcoming material (2016–present). In October 2016, The Calling reformed with a new lineup and performed in Manila, Philippines the following month. The Australian company "Unbreakable Touring" announced that the band were to perform in areas such as Adelaide, Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne and Fremantle along with the rock band Juke Kartel and newcomer Mike Waters, but this was later postponed due to visa issues. In July 2017 it was announced that The Calling would be joining Lifehouse as support acts for Live's Australian leg of their world reunion tour. Band said in an interview with Australian music website "may the rock be with you" in November 2017 that The Calling will be releasing new music soon. Whilst on tour in February 2020 Band spoke in a video interview presentation with Welsh podcast SteegCast, in the video Band speaks of his future music plans and talks of new material, including even at some point releasing orchestral workings of some of The Calling's best known songs. Musical influences. The band has cited that their influences include bands such as Pearl Jam, Bon Jovi, Live, Train, and U2. Band members. Current members Current touring musicians Former members Former touring musicians Timeline Murray Monster Murray Monster is a fictional character and puppet on "Sesame Street". His puppeteer is Joey Mazzarino. Krokodeilos Kladas Krokodeilos Kladas (, 1425–1490) was a Greek military leader and rebel who fought in the medieval Peloponnese (called "Morea") against the Ottoman Empire for the Republic of Venice during the 15th century. Biography. Krokodeilos Kladas, whose family moved from Epirus to the Peloponnese, was born in Koroni in 1425. His father was the Greek military chief Theodore Kladas. When Sultan Mehmed II conquered the Despotate of the Morea in 1460, Kladas surrendered Saint George Castle and was given in exchange Vardounia Castle in Mani, as well as the territory of Elos. On 9 October 1480, Kladas led "stratioti" (Greek mercenary soldiers) from Koroni to attack Ottoman holdings in Mani. Both the Ottomans and the Venetians put a bounty on Kladas' head. This rebellion was joined in December by "stratioti" from Nafplion led by Theodore Bua. An army sent by the Ottoman sultan was defeated between Passavas and Oitylo in February 1481. Later that month, a larger army under Mohammed Bey drove Kladas to Porto Kagio where he was boarded onto a Neapolitan galley abandoning his revolt. A peaceful settlement of the rebellion was negotiated by the Ottoman governor of the Morea and Venetian official Bartolomeo Minio. Meanwhile, Kladas went with a Neapolitan army to Ottoman-controlled Albania to aid an anti-Ottoman revolt there. In 1490, he was captured in battle near Monemvasia and flayed alive Family. The Kladas family is known in records from the Morea since 1296 when a "Corcondille" captured a castle controlled by the Franks for the Byzantine Greeks. Members of the family donated to a monastery at Mystra in 1366 and 1375. A "Krokodeilos" appears in the satire of Mazaris as one of the rebels against the Byzantine emperor Manuel II in 1415. The name "Krokontēlos" also appears on an inscribed donation to a church in Karytaina dated to the mid-1300s. Krokodeilos Kladas and his brothers are respected in Venetian sources. Also, Kladas was awarded Venetian knighthood and a gold robe just before the 1480 revolt. Collin Dean Collin Dean (born January 8, 2005) is an American actor. Early life. Collin hails from Gilbert, Arizona, and he has an older sister named Michaela. Career. Voice acting. Dean was the voice of Lincoln Loud in the Nickelodeon animated series, "The Loud House" after replacing Grant Palmer in 2016. Collin Dean is also known for guest starring in the Cartoon Network animated series "Adventure Time" as "Tiffany," and for his background role in "Hotel Transylvania". Dean also had a minor role as one of the campers in the "American Dad!" episode, "Camp Campawanda," and co-starred with Elijah Wood in the 2014 Cartoon Network miniseries "Over the Garden Wall." Live-action acting. In 2012, he was cast as Todd in the Funny or Die short film, "Will Ferrell & Zach Galifianakis Debate Children". In 2015, he appeared as Ruprecht the Elf, in the comedy horror Christmas film, "Krampus". Grant Palmer Grant Palmer (born August 30, 2002) is an American actor. He is best known for voicing Lincoln Loud in the Nickelodeon series, "The Loud House". After episode 22, he was supplanted by Collin Dean due to puberty, and has since had a recurring role as the character Grant from episode 52 onwards. He also voices one of the Hatchlings in "The Angry Birds Movie". On camera, Palmer plays Waldo in "The Little Rascals Save the Day", Leland in "Comedy Bang! Bang!", and Nate in the Nickelodeon series "Game Shakers". Liliana Mumy Liliana Berry Davis Mumy (; born April 16, 1994) is an American actress. Between 2002 and 2006, she appeared as Jessica Baker in the two "Cheaper by the Dozen" movies and as Lucy Miller in the second and third films of "The Santa Clause" trilogy. In animation, Mumy performed the voice of Mertle Edmonds in the "Lilo & Stitch" franchise. For Cartoon Network she has voiced Panini in "Chowder". For Nickelodeon, she has voiced Human Kimberly in "Catscratch", Roxy in the Nickelodeon revival of "Winx Club", and Leni Loud in "The Loud House". Catherine Taber Catherine Anne Taber (born December 30, 1979) is an American actress. She is known for voicing Padmé Amidala in "" and Lori Loud on "The Loud House". Theodore Bua Theodore Bua, or Theodore Bouas (Greek: Θεόδωρος Μπούας), was a 15th-century Greek military leader from Albania who served as a captain of the "stradioti" of the Republic of Venice. Biography. When the Ottomans and the Venetians made peace in 1479 (Treaty of Constantinople), Theodore Bouas left the Venetian army and joined the revolt of Krokodeilos Kladas in the Peloponnese (called "Morea"). The Venetian official Bartolomeo Minio recorded an event where the Venetian commander of Nafplio sent a group of "stratioti" against Bouas and Mexa Busichi but the soldiers did not attack because they were compatriots. The rebellion failed after both leaders ended their alliance. Afterwards, Bouas returned to Venetian territory but was jailed in Monemvasia. Caleel Harris Caleel Harris (born April 19, 2003) is an American actor. Murray Murray might mean: Other uses. Murray Monster, a muppet in "Sesame Street" Mazaris Mazaris () was a 15th-century Byzantine Greek author who wrote a satire titled "Mazaris' Journey to Hades". Because his life is unknown, Mazaris has been loosely connected to two people with the same name: Manuel Mazaris, a hymnographer and "protonotarios" (or "chief notary") of Thessaloniki, and Maximus Mazaris, a monk and author of a book on rules of grammar. "Mazaris' Journey to Hades" may have been written between January 1414 and October 1415. It ridicules some Byzantine elites and exposes the evils of the lower classes in the Peloponnese. Cineflix Cineflix Media is a canadian global media production and distribution company. Smithsonian Channel Smithsonian Channel is an American pay television channel owned by Paramount Global, featuring content inspired by the Smithsonian Institution's museums. Programming. The channel features original nonfiction programming that covers a wide range of historical, scientific, and cultural topics. Mana (video game series) Mana series known in Japan as is an action role-playing video game released by SquareSoft (now Square Enix). The series began with collaborations with "Final Fantasy" series called "Final Fantasy Adventure" ("Seiken Densetsu" in Japan and in Europe called "Mystic Quest") on June 28, 1991. Later after the first game was released, the "Mana" series had a standalone unit with the second installment "Secret of Mana" that was released in 1993 for Game Boy. In 1995, their third installment, "Trials of Mana" was released on Super Nintendo Entertainment System/Super Famicom, and at last "Legend of Mana" released on PlayStation. A remake of the original game, "Sword of Mana" (2003), was released for Game Boy Advance. All of the main original series were role-playing games, though they included a wide variety of gameplay mechanics, and the stories of the games were connected only thematically. In 2006 and 2007, four more games was released as a part of "World of Mana" subseries, an attempt by Square Enix to release games in a series of variety genres and consoles. These series where the player can play "Childern of Mana" (2006), a dungeon crawler video game released on Nintendo DS. And "Dawn of Mana", an 3D action-adventre game in 2007 for PlayStation 2, and also "Heroes of Mana" (2007) a real-time strategy for the DS. Three more games have been released, after the "World of Mana" subseries ended. "Cirlcle of Mana" (2013), a card-battle game only sale in Japan for the GREE mobile platform, one year later "Rise of Mana" a free-to-play action role-playing game only in Japan for iOS, Android, and PlayStation Vita. The last game "Adventures of Mana" a remake of "Final Fantasy Adventure" released in 2016, for the PlayStation Vita. The "Mana" series has also released other games, such as "Collection of Mana", "Friends of Mana", "Trials of Mana" (2020), and "Echoes of Mana" (2022) the new entry in the "Mana" series to celebrate 30th anniversary. Moon over Parador Moon over Parador is a 1988 American romantic comedy movie directed by Paul Mazursky and starring Richard Dreyfuss, Raul Julia, Lorin Dreyfuss, Dana Delany, Jonathan Winters, Fernando Rey, Sônia Braga, and Polly Holliday. It was distributed by Universal Pictures. Kohei Saito Kohei Saito (born 31 January 1987) is a Japanese philosopher and researcher. He studies the history of economics. He is especially interested in Karl Marx and his philosophy and economics. He is an associate professor at the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo. He was one of the winners of 17th Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Prize for 2020. He won the award for his work on "An Ecological Turn in Marxian Economics." His book, "Marx in the Anthropocene : Towards the Idea of Degrowth Communism" (人新世のマルクス：脱成長のコミュニズムへの道) became a surprise best-seller. It is especially popular with younger Japanese people. It is part of a new popularity for Marx in Japan. Andrew Moray Andrew Moray (d. 1297) was a supporter of William Wallace and helped win the Battle of Stirling Bridge, he died of his wounds after the battle. Tim David Timothy Hays David is a Singaporean-Australian cricketer (b. 16 March, 1996 in Singapore). He played 14 Twenty20 Internationals for Singapore and scored the highest score for batsman for Singapore. He is the son of Rod David. Miep de Vries Hermina “Miep” van Zweeden-de Vries (born 3 April 1928) is a former Dutch volleyball player. She played with Boemerang, Amsterdam, and the Netherlands women's national volleyball team. In her last year, she played with RVC Rotterdam. She was a player on the earliest Netherlands women's national volleyball team. She represented the Netherlands at the 1949 Women's European Volleyball Championship and 1951 Women's European Volleyball Championship. She was captain of the national team. With Boemerang, she became multiple times national champion in 1951. With RVC she also became national champion in 1960. Biography. De Vries participated at the 1949 Women's European Volleyball Championship, the inaugural European Volleyball Championships. As the national didn’t have at the time on their own shirts, they borrowed the shirts of the national basketball team. Two years later she was also part of the team at the 1951 Women's European Volleyball Championship. In the later years no main international championships held. During these years she competed with the national team at international invitation matches, including against Belgium in January 1953 and in June 1953. Due to an undesirable altitude at a training of the national team in 1953, she was suspended by the Dutch Volleyball Association for two years, just like six other women and five men. In may 1954 the conflict was resolved and the suspension was lifted. The same month she was called-up for the international match against Belgium. In October 1954 she played at the international volleyball tournament (Italy, France, Belgium and the Netherlands) in Paris. In November 1954 she played her 15th international match in the match against Belgium. In February 1955 she played against France. Her last international match was in May 1955 against Belgium. After the birth of her third child in 1959 she played with RVC Rotterdam. With RVC, where she was one of the key players, she became Dutch Women's Volleyball League champion in 1960. Personal life. De Vries was born on 3 April 1928 in Amsterdam. She married to international volleyball player Jan van Zweeden (1925-2001) on 13 July 1954, who was the brother of the head coach of the women’s team Cees van Zweeden. They had three children. Osteocephalus planiceps Osteocephalus planiceps is a frog. It lives in the places around the Amazon River. This is in Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador. Scientists think it might also live in Brazil. People have seen this frog between 200 and 700 meters above sea level. The adult male frog is 48.0–68.8 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 49.9–84.9 mm long. It is brown, gray-brown, or yellow-brown in color. It has dark brown stripes across its legs. The iris of the eye is bronze in color with black marks. Its bones are green in color. This frog looks for food at night. It lives in forests and open areas. This frog's scientific name "planiceps" comes from the Latin words "planus" for "flat" and "ceps" for "head." Rohit Sharma Rohit Gurunath Sharma (born 30 April 1987) is an Indian international cricketer. He is the current captain of the Indian national team. Rohit is known for his six hitting capabilities and is considered as one of the best white ball cricketer ever. Musi language Musi, or also known as Musai is an Austronesian language spoken by the Musi people. Speakers. Musi people are the indigenous ethnic group native to the Musi regions (the regencies of Musi Banyuasin, Musi Rawas, North Musi Rawas, and Banyuasin)— in the southeastern Sumatra, Indonesia. Musi language is the first language of Musi people who natively lives at the Babat Toman, the Sungai Lilin, the Bayung Lencir, and the Sekayu districts of Musi Banyuasin, also in the Banyuasin III district of Banyuasin Regency. Morphology. Word type. The classification of words in Musi language is not based on the semantics (meaning), but on the basis of their structural characteristics, namely according to their distribution in phrases or sentences. Words that have the same distribution and behavior are grouped into one type of word. Based on the data obtained, words in the Musi language can be grouped into three groups, namely: Word formation process. Word formation in Musi language can occur in three ways, namely: Vowels. In closed syllables, and are realized as and , respectively. Syntax. The analysis of the syntactic structure of Musi language is divided into two main parts, namely the syntactic structure and the sentence type. Syntax structure. The syntactic structure or syntax of Musi language can be divided into four main groups, namely: The description of each of these structures will be clearly seen in the following descriptions. Each structure will be described in detail and the patterns will be illustrated through examples in Musi language's speech.  Sample text. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The following texts are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Musi language along with the original declaration in English. Parable of the Prodigal Son. The following texts are the Parable of the Prodigal Son in Musi language along with its translation in English. Simple conversation. Here are examples of simple conversation in Musi language: Bibliography. Palembang language The Palembangnese also known as Palembang Malay ("Baso Palembang") or Musi is an Austronesian language spoken by Palembang Malay in South Sumatra, Indonesia. It has two separate but mutually intelligible dialect chains: Sari-sari and Jegho. It has become a "lingua franca" throughout major population centers in the province, and is often used polyglossically with Indonesian and other regional languages and dialects in the area. Palembang language is a form of mixed language between the Malay and Javanese. Since parts of South Sumatra used to be under direct Javanese rule for quite a long time, the speech varieties of Palembang and its surrounding area are influenced by the Javanese down to their core vocabularies. Musi people Musi people (Musi: ) are indigenous ethnic group native to the Musi regions (the regencies of Musi Banyuasin, Musi Rawas, North Musi Rawas, and Banyuasin) in the southeastern Sumatra, Indonesia. They speak the Musi language and share common history and culture. Language. Musi language is the first language of Musi people who natively lives at the Babat Toman, the Sungai Lilin, the Bayung Lencir, and the Sekayu districts of Musi Banyuasin, also in the Banyuasin III district of Banyuasin Regency. It is also spoken by the Musi diaspora as the second language in the neighbouring regions; which covering the area of the Banyuasin I, the Banyuasin II and the Talang Kelapa districts of Banyuasin, the Ulu Musi district of Empat Lawang Regency, as well as in the North Musi Rawas Regency generally. Dialects and varieties. Dialectologists identify that there are at least two main dialectical groups of Musi language, namely the Sekayu Musi and Duson Musi. Sekayu Musi. Eventhough Sekayu classified as part of the Musi languages, however it is not the native language of Musi people, but Sekayu people instead. Sekayu Musi predominantly spoken by the Sekayu people at the Sekayu district of Musi Banyuasin Regency in South Sumatra. Hence, due to its significant differences compared to Musi people in terms of ethnolinguistic historical background, some of Sekayu people disagree with these classification and rather identified their native language as 'Sekayu language' instead. The name of "Sekayu" itself seen (by Sekayu people) as valuable term that shouldn't be mixed with another entity. Doson Musi. the Doson Musi which literally means "rural". Accordance to its name, the Doson Musi predominantly spoken by Musi people who lived in the rural areas of Musi Banyuasin and Musi Rawas regencies, hence the Doson Musi oftenly seen or regarded as the 'rube' variety of Musi language. Alluvium Alluvium is loose earth which sits on top of consolidated sediment (~ rock). It usually consists of loose gravel and clay. Where people live, it is usually covered with "made ground". That is what we call pavements, buildings, and roads. They are the most obvious examples of made ground. There is a discussion about what other sediment deposits should be included under the term "alluvium". Javanism Javanism may refer to: Dubai Police Force The Dubai Police Force (Arabic: القيادة العامة لشرطة دبي) is the 17,500 strong police force for the Emirate of Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates. Police stations. There are currently eleven Dubai police stations in the city. Patrol cars. The Dubai Police Force has several luxury and high-performance vehicles (to be used in tourist areas), which include: Motorcycles. All of these vehicles are used for patrolling tourist areas. Services. There are 27 stations and they operate 24 hours a day and operate daily, including on weekends and holidays. The stations provide services in six languages, and they provide services in the following categories: Music languages Music languages is a language family spoken mostly in the southeastern part of Sumatra. This language family is part of Javanesic, which part of larger Austronesian language family. Annie Apperloo-Wichgers An “Annie” Apperloo-Wichgers (born 1932) is a former Dutch volleyball player. She played with SOS, Utrecht and the Netherlands women's national volleyball team. With SOS she became national champion in 1950. With the Netherlands women's national volleyball team she represented the Netherlands at the 1951 Women's European Volleyball Championship and 1956 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship. Wichgers was specialized in services and smashes. Biography. After World War II, Wichers started playing volleyball with SOS in Utrecht. Quickly she became a player in the main team. She was invited to compete with the national team at the 1949 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, the inaugural European Volleyball Championships in Prague. However, her father didn’t wanted her to go, for study reasons. In 1950 she became with SOS Dutch Women's Volleyball League champion. In 1951, with permission of her father, she competed with the national team to the 1951 European championships in Paris. In the later years, no main international championships were held. During these years she competed with the national team at international invitation matches, including in 1953 against Belgium in January and June. Due to an undesirable altitude at a training of the national team in 1953, she was suspended by the Dutch Volleyball Association for two years, just like six other women and five men. In may 1954 the conflict was resolved and the suspension was lifted. The same month she was called-up for the international match against Belgium. In October 1954 she played at the international volleyball tournament (Italy, France, Belgium and the Netherlands) in Paris. In November 1954 she played against Belgium, in February 1955 against France and in May 1955 against Belgium. In 1956 she played with the national team at the 1956 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship, the first time the Dutch team competed at the World Championships. At the world championships she played her 25th international match. Personal life. Whichgers was born in 1932. She married to Rinus Apperloo (1928-2016). Senchus fer n-Alban The "Senchus fer n-Alban" ("History of the Men of Scotland") was an Old Irish medieval text believed to have been compiled in the 10th century. It provides much information, however faulty, on the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata. December 2001 riots in Argentina The 2001 crisis in Argentina is sometimes known as the Argentinazo. () It was a political, economic, social, and institutional crisis. It was fueled by a revolt under the slogan "All of them must go!" (). This led to the resignation of the president of Argentina, Fernando de la Rúa, giving rise to a period of political instability during which five officials exercised the National Executive Power in a few months. This happened within a larger crisis that lasted between 1998 and 2002. It was caused by a long recession that made a humanitarian, social, economic, financial and political crisis. During the crisis, 39 people were killed by state and private security agents. Overview. The trigger for the crisis was the imposition of the "Corralito" on December 2, 2001. It was a government provision that restricted the withdrawal of cash from banks. This was designed by the then Minister of Economy Domingo Cavallo. This had a major impact on the lower class, mostly unbanked, and the middle class, which was strongly restricted in their economic movements. On December 13, the workers' unions declared a general strike, and violent outbreaks began to take place in some cities in the country and in Greater Buenos Aires. They were mainly looting by unemployed and indigent sectors of the population, theft of trucks in the routes, common robberies and street cuts in the cities. The revolt led to a social outburst on the night of December 19, 2001, soon after Fernando de la Rúa announced the establishment of a state of siege. Many people took to the streets throughout the country to express their discontent with the government and political representatives. This lasted all night and the next day, when the order was given to repress the demonstrators, 39 of whom were killed. Most of the people win the protests were self-convened and did not respond to any political party, union or structured social organization. On December 20 at 7:37 p.m., the president resigned and left the Casa Rosada by helicopter. During the following twelve days there was a high level instability that also led to the resignation of successor president Adolfo Rodríguez Saa. The social and economic instability, as well as the ignorance of the legitimacy of political representatives, extended in the following years. Javanesic languages Javanesic is a language family belonging to the Javanic of Sundic. The Javanese language is the main Javanesic language, it spoken predominantly on the island of Java with numerous dialects and registers. Duan Albanach "Duan Albanach" is a Middle Gaelic poem written in the reign of Malcolm III. Dúnchad Bec Dúnchad Bec was a man who ruled the peninsula of Kintyre, and rebelled against the king of Dál Riata, Selbach, in 719. He died in 721. Eochaid mac Echdach Eochaid mac Echdach was a king of Dál Riata from 726 to 733. He was the great-great-grandson of Eochaid Buide and the chief of the Cenél nGabráin, the descendants of Gabhrán mac Domangairt, who ruled Dál Riata in the 6th century. Eochaid presumably deposed Dúngal mac Selbaig, the previous king, and fought Dúngal's angry father in 727, emerging with success. Eochaid died in 733 and was succeeded by Muiredach, the cousin of Dúngal. In the mountain (Filippini) In the mountain (also known as In Montagna) is a 19th-century late impressionist painted in oil by Francesco Filippini. It was painted about 1890, in Milano, Italy. Is in the collection of the Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna. Description. The work is similar to Filippini's painting "The Chestnut Harvest". Filippini in the theme of work, always represents the same agricultural work, the harvesting of chestnuts, wood, corn pickers, the grazing of the flock, the picking of hemp. These are among Filippini's most interesting works, especially when the workers are women and the folkloric clothes she wears are evident. Only the industrial processing of the Maglio is an exception. Loonatics Unleashed Loonatics Unleashed is an American superhero animated television series produced by Warner Bros. Animation and Cartoon Network, Teletoon Original Production that ran on Kids' WB for two seasons from 2005 to 2007 in the United States. 2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo The 2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo was a massacre in the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires and its surroundings. It occurred on December 20, 2001. Five people (Carlos Almirón, Gustavo Ariel Benedetto, Diego Lamagna, Alberto Márquez and Gastón Marcelo Riva) were killed there, four others were attempted to be murdered (Marcelo Dorado, Martín Galli, Sergio Rubén Sanchéz and Paula Simonetti). Others were injured. The events occurred under the presidency of Fernando de la Rúa during the December 2001 crisis in Argentina, during which 39 people were killed, including seven children between the ages of thirteen and eighteen. Criticism. The journalist Alberto Amato of the newsroom of the newspaper Clarín, a month after the massacre, referred to it with these words: “The massacre of the Plaza de Mayo... bloodied the city with a violence and unreason that recognizes as the only precedent the terrible bombardment by naval aviation in June 1955, three months before the overthrow of Juan Perón... Among other responses that the judicial investigation include those that try to know if there was a moment, and therefore an order, that the repression of the protesters was carried out with bullets. And who gave that order. Who were the civilians who shot at the protesters protected by uniformed police?  Who owns the cars from which people were shot at close range and that a police chief defined with a euphemism that would be nice if it did not contain a tragedy: "civilian cars for police use..."? How was it that, if the decision of the then government was to prevent a hypothetical "takeover" of the Government House, the dead fell several blocks from the seat of power? Did some kind of “death squad” act on December 20? If Justice manages to answer these and other questions, it will elucidate another that is only tacitly formulated: what is the political will to investigate a massacre almost without precedent in the already violent contemporary history of Argentina.” Trial. There were 17 people indicted: During the trial, more than 200 witnesses testified. In October 2015 the evidence stage was closed and the allegations began in November. May 22, 2016 the court issued the ruling: Xabier Lezama Xabier Lezama Perier (20 June 1967) was a Basque-Spanish artist. He was born in Bilbao, Biscay. Creator who is part of the generation of contemporary Basque sculptors considered one of the main renovators of Basque sculpture in the second half of the 20th century. Around 1990, with his employment in the forge, he began working with iron, his concern for Basque art and culture increasing. In 2005 he opens a stage of experimentation and adopts surreal rhythms. The scale in Totemism had been approached at the end of the 1980s with his plastic experience, opening a new experience in his ethnic-cultural plastic inquiry. Alfie (1966 movie) Alfie is a 1966 British comedy-drama movie directed by Lewis Gilbert and was based on the 1963 play of the same name by Bill Naughton. It stars Michael Caine, Shelley Winters, Millicent Martin, Jane Asher, Vivien Merchant, Julia Foster, Shirley Ann Field, Eleanor Bron and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was nominated for 5 Academy Awards in 1967 and was remade in 2004. WWE 2K22 WWE 2K22 is a professional wrestling video game based on WWE 2K. It was released on May 28, 2021. Abismo de pasión Abismo de pasión (by its English title: Abyss of Passion) is a Mexican telenovela for Televisa produced by Angelli Nesma Medina and written by Claridad Bravo Adams, it is a remake of the 1998 telenovela "Cañaveral de Pasiones". It stars Angelique Boyer, David Zepeda, Mark Tacher, René Casados, Eugenia Cauduro, Alejandro Camacho and Eric del Castillo as the protagonists, and Blanca Guerra, Sabine Moussier, Salvador Zerboni and Altaír Jarabo as antagonists. Plot. In the town of La Ermita, Yucatán, live two families with powerful chili processors in the region, the Arangos and the Castañons, of which Elisa Castañon is the daughter of Augusto and Estefanía Castañon, who has a friendship with Damían Arango, son of Rosendo and Alfonsina Arango. whose friendship was deteriorating due to the enmity of these two families, Gael is a child who is cared for by the priest Guadalupe "Lupe" and who is a friend of Paloma, Ramona's niece (the village healer), while Estefanía's sister, Carmina Bouvier had a secret relationship with Rosendo and they planned to go live in New York City, even though Estefanía discovers it and prevents Carmina from doing so and then goes to meet with Rosendo to speak and while driving in a storm, they suffer a fatal accident after having crossed Ramona's cart which saw everything in front of her eyes, this is done in an echo by the town when they know that the two of them were going to leave La Ermita together Despite this, Elisa and Damían continue to go out as friends, but both Augusto and Alfonsina prevent them from doing so, and in the end Alfonsina decides that Damían should go live in Italy for a few years while Augusto and Carmina end up getting married and which makes himliving Hell to Elisa blaming her for Estefania's death. Years go by and in the end Damian returns from Italy and meets Elisa again and many things change in La Ermita, since the fall of the Castañon processor, even though over time Elisa and Damian begin to love each other. but both Alfonsina and Augusto try to stop them, Gael and Paloma begin to become a couple, while Damian and Elisa love each other, Florencia Landucci arrives, a friend of Damian's from Italy arrives to marry him while the relationship between Augusto and Carmina He begins to go bankrupt and after having murdered him, he decides to fall in love with Gavino, the former administrator of the Arango processing plant, even though he has murdered him, while Damian and Florencia leave their relationship and their wedding is canceled and he decides to stay with Elisa, whom he wants to marry with Gael, this brings an enmity between the two and Father Guadalupe reveals that they are brothers of the same blood as Rosendo, who had a relationship with Ingrid Navarro and who left Gael at the entrance of the Church, then Gavino and Carmina want to escape but is prevented by Ramona who causes an accident and they are captured by the police, Gavino ends up in jail and Carmina commits suicide, after this and despite what happened, Elisa and Damian and Gael and Paloma fall in love and end up getting married. Georgy Girl Georgy Girl is a 1966 British romantic comedy-drama movie directed by Silvio Narizzano and was based on the 1965 novel of the same name by Margaret Foster. It stars Lynn Redgrave, James Mason, Alan Bates, Charlotte Rampling, Bill Owen, Clare Kelly, Rachel Kempson, Denise Coffey, Dandy Nichols and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. It was nominated for 4 Academy Awards in 1967. Plymouth, California Plymouth is a city in Amador County, California, United States. Sutter Creek, California Sutter Creek is a city in Amador County, California, United States. Orinda, California Orinda is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States. Pinole, California Pinole is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States. Pittsburg, California Pittsburg is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States. Pleasant Hill, California Pleasant Hill is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States. South Lake Tahoe, California South Lake Tahoe is a city in El Dorado County, California, United States. Firebaugh, California Firebaugh is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. Corralito In Argentina, the restriction of withdrawing cash from banks to $250 USD per week (at that time 1 USD = 1 ARS) was called a Corralito. The measure was imposed by the government of Fernando de la Rúa on December 1, 2001, in the face of a bank run. Subsequently, and due to the popularity that the term acquired, it began to be used in all Spanish-speaking countries to refer to the immobilization of deposits carried out by the government of any country. The objective pursued with these restrictions was to prevent money from leaving the banking system, thus trying to avoid a wave of banking panic and the collapse of the system. According to Domingo Cavallo, in charge of the Ministry of Economy, when he announced the measure, he clarified that it did not prevent the use of electronic means of payment or bank transfers. The idea was that it be a temporary measure for 90 days while the debt was renegotiated. Origin of the term. The word corralito, shortened to the word corral, is used in Argentina to call what in other countries is known as a baby park. In 2001 the economic journalist Antonio Laje, in his economic column of the program After Hours by Daniel Hadad, used the term to refer to the government measure. The journalist sought to highlight through an analogy the way in which the Government restricted one of the essential freedoms of the users of any banking system: that of being able to withdraw their funds at any moment. Fowler, California Fowler is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. Huron, California Huron is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. Mendota, California Mendota is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. Parlier, California Parlier is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. San Joaquin, California San Joaquin is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. Blue Lake, California Blue Lake is a city in Humboldt County, California, United States. Fortuna, California Fortuna is a city in Humboldt County, California, United States. Rio Dell, California Rio Dell is a city in Humboldt County, California, United States. Trinidad, California Trinidad is a city in Humboldt County, California, United States. Born Free Born Free is a 1966 British American family adventure drama movie directed by James Hill and was based on the 1960 novel of the same name by Joy Adamson. It stars Virginia McKenna, Bill Travers, Geoffrey Keen, Peter Lukoye and was distributed by Columbia Pictures. It won 2 Academy Awards in 1967. It spawned spin-offs and sequels. Frédéric Macler Frédéric Macler (26 May 1869 – 12 July 1938) was a French linguist, orientalist and translator. Biography. A native of , Macler learned , , and Hebrew from . In 1911, he succeeded , as he took a chair in Armenian at the Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales, which he held until 1937. In 1919, he co-founded the Society for Armenian Studies. In 1920, he founded the "", which he directed until 1933, with Antoine Meillet. Haunted Honeymoon Haunted Honeymoon is a 1986 American British horror comedy movie directed by Gene Wilder (who also stars) and also starring Gilda Radner, Dom DeLuise, Jonathan Pryce, Ann Way, Eve Ferret, Bryan Pringle, Matt Zimmerman, Roger Ashton-Griffiths. It was distributed by Orion Pictures and was a box office failure. Viva Las Vegas Viva Las Vegas is a 1964 American musical film. It was directed by George Sidney and starring Elvis Presley and Ann-Margret. Martin Guzmán Martín Maximiliano Guzmán (Born October 12, 1982) is an Argentine economist and civil servant. He was Minister of Economy of Argentina from December 10, 2019 to July 2, 2022. Minister of Economy. On December 10, 2019, he was appointed as Minister of Economy of Argentina by President Alberto Fernández. His first measures were the renegotiation of the country's foreign debt and the Law of Solidarity and Productive Reactivation that created the PAÍS tax. and set a new withholding scheme. A 30% tax was set for transactions with credit cards outside the country and for the acquisition of foreign currency for savings, the rates that were in force in 2015 in the tax on personal assets were reintroduced and holdings of financial assets were taxed in the Exterior. Ministry of Economy (Argentina) The Ministry of Economy () of Argentina is the ministry dependent on the National Executive Power in charge of assisting the President and the Chief of Staff with everything inherent to the economy. The current minister responsible is Sergio Massa, who has served since August 2022 in the cabinet of Alberto Fernández. Competencies. According to Law 22,520, the powers of the Ministry of Economy include "assisting the President of the Nation and the Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers (...) in everything inherent to economic, budgetary and tax policy, the administration of public finances, economic, financial and fiscal relations with the Provinces and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and the preparation, proposal and execution of the national policy on energy…” How We Roll How We Roll is an American sitcom that premiered on CBS on March 31, 2022. The series is inspired by the life of professional bowler Tom Smallwood. Ajith Kumar Ajith Kumar (born 1 May 1970) is a Indian actor. He works in Tamil cinema. He has starred in over 60 films in Tamil His awards Include four Vijay Awards, three Cinema Express Awards, three Filmfare Awards South and three Tamil Nadu State Film awards. in addition to his acting, Kumar is also a motor car racer and participated in the MRF Racing series (2010). Sesame Street's 50th Anniversary Celebration Sesame Street's 50th Anniversary Celebration is a 2019 musical television special to celebrate the 50th anniversary of "Sesame Street". Walid Ghauri Walid Ghauri was born 12 May, 1993 in Oslo. He is a Norway cricketer who plays Twenty20 Internationals for Norway. Up Close & Personal Up Close & Personal is a 1996 American romantic drama movie directed by Jon Avnet and starring Robert Redford, Michelle Pfeiffer, Stockard Channing, Joe Mantegna, Kate Nelligan, Glenn Plummer, Scott Bryce, Dedee Pfieffer. It was based on the 1988 novel "Golden Girl: The Story of Jessica Savitch" by Alanna Nash. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1997. Basketball at the 1930 Women's World Games Basketball at the 1930 Women's World Games was the first appearance of the sport at the Women's World Games. The winner was regarded as the 1930 World Champion. Seven nations nations entered the continental tournaments, five nations in the Europe Zone and two nations in the Americas zone. The winner of the 1930 European Women's Basketball Championship and America zone tournament played against each other in the final at the Women's Word Games in Prague on 8 September 1930. Canada won the final, with France finishing second. Final. Match. The Canadian team beated France with 18–14. According to Polish media the basketball final made an excellent impression. Both teams were described to play very well tactically and technically. France was technically weaker compared to the Canadians. The shot accuracy of the Canadians was said to have a great precision. The Canadians were described to have played with: speed, harmony and accuracy. France was described to have played with: ambition and devotion. Furiosa (movie) Furiosa is an upcoming Australian post-apocalyptic action adventure movie. It is directed and co-written by George Miller. The movie stars Anya Taylor-Joy as the main character Furiosa. It serves as both a spin-off and a prequel to 2015's "". It will be the fifth movie in the "Mad Max" franchise. It is said to be focusing on the origins of Furiosa. Chris Hemsworth and Tom Burke will co-star. Gross margin Gross margin is the difference between revenue and cost of goods sold. In other words, it's a measure of how much profit a company makes from each sale. The higher the gross margin, the more profitable the company. To calculate gross margin, simply take your total revenue and subtract your total costs. This will give you your gross profit. From there, divide your gross profit by your total revenue to get your gross margin percentage. 1930 European Women's Basketball Championship The 1930 European Women's Basketball Championship was held from April - 13 July 1930. Five national teams took part in the competition: Czechoslovakia, France, Poland, Italy and Sweden. Matches of the first round were held in Poland (Krakow) and France (Nice) with the semi-final and final being held in Strasbourg. The winner of the championships qualified to play the 1930 Women's World Games final in Prague on 8 September 1930. Team rosters. France. Substitues Poland. Substitute (?) coach: lieutenant Woskowicz Ahead of the first Match, Poland was on a training camp from 22 to 29 June 1930 in Krakow. This training camp included also basket players not listed above: H. Grotowska and Tabenska. Matches. Final. France won the final of Poland. France became European champion and was qualified to compete the 1930 Women's World Games final. István Dobi Istvan Dobi (December 31 1898-November 24 1968) was the president of Hungary from 1948-1967 , he served a very long term. Biography. Dobi was born from a poor family, he was born in SZONY. In his childhood, he worked as a day labourer. In 1916 came into contact with the agricultural workers' movement. After having fought in the First World War, he supported the Hungarian Soviet Republic. During the Hungarian–Romanian War of 1919 he was captured by the Romanians. Upon his release, he worked as a casual laborer and became active in the agricultural workers' union as well as in the Social Democratic Party of Hungary from the early 1920s. For this, he was put under police surveillance. In 1936 he switched to the Independent Smallholders' Party and became a functionary in the Kisalföld Chamber of Agriculture. Although he was not a member of the Communist Party, he was arrested several times during the regency of Miklós Horthy. As head of state /post WWII. Dobi was appointed prime minister in 1948. He was the leader of the smallholders party , he gave up his job in 1952 to become general-secretary Due in part to his strong support of the Communists, he replaced fellow Smallholder Lajos Dinnyés as prime minister in December 1948, helping preside over the final stage of the Communists' complete takeover of the country. In short order, Dobi pushed out those elements of his party who were unwilling to do the Communists' bidding, leaving the party in the hands of fellow travelers like himself. This process was repeated with the other non-Communist parties as well. Thus, by the time of the 1949 elections, Hungary was effectively a one-party state. The 1949 elections formalized this status, with voters only having the option of approving or rejecting a Communist-dominated list. One of the first acts of the newly elected National Assembly was to approve a Soviet-style constitution, formally marking the onset of out-and-out Communist rule in Hungary. The Smallholders' Party was effectively disbanded. Presidency. He was ceremonial president , he gave up his post as prime minister in 1952 cause MATYAS RAKOSI wanted that post for himself as general-secretary. He was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize in 1962 , he died in Budapest in 1968. Always Together Always Together is a 1947 American comedy movie directed by Fred de Cordova and starring Robert Hutton, Joyce Reynolds, Cecil Kellaway, Ernest Truex. It was distributed by Warner Bros.. The Assassination Bureau The Assassination Bureau is a 1969 British black comedy adventure movie directed by Basil Dearden and was based on the 1963 unfinished novel by Jack London. It stars Oliver Reed, Diana Rigg, Telly Savalas, Carl Jürgens, Philippe Noiret, Warren Mitchell, Beryl Reid, Clive Revill, Kenneth Griffith, Jess Conrad and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. Tarzan and the Jungle Boy Tarzan and the Jungle Boy is a 1968 American adventure movie directed by Robert Gordon and starring Mike Henry, Rafer Johnson, Aliza Gur, Steve Bond, Ron Gans. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures. The Roaring Road The Roaring Road is a 1919 American action romance movie directed by James Cruze and was based on short stories by Byron Morgan. It stars Wallace Reid, Ann Little, Theodore Roberts, Guy Oliver, Clarence Geldart and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was followed up by "Excuse My Dust" in 1920. Eureka! (2022 TV series) Eureka! is an American-Irish computer-animated television series. It was created by Norton Virgien and Niamh Sharkey, produced by Brown Bag Films. The show premiered on Disney Junior on June 22, 2022. Plot. Set in the Stone Age within the location of Rocky Falls, the series follows the eponymous girl Eureka who enjoys going on adventures and building gadgets. Cayenne slender-legged tree frog The Cayenne slender-legged tree frog ("Osteocephalus leprieurii") is a frog. It lives Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, and Bolivia. Ratris Khel Chale 2 Ratris Khel Chale 2 (transl. The Game Runs At Night 2) is a Marathi supernatural thriller drama series. Production. It was started from 14 January 2019 by replacing "Baaji". Ratings. The show received highest TVR of 4.0 in week 5 of 2019. Sleeping Sun Sleeping Sun is a power ballad and one of four singles by the Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish, it was one of two maxi singles released on August 2, 1999, coinciding with the eclipse of August 11, 1999. The original version was starred and sung by Tarja Turunen, and belongs to the Oceanborn album of 1998, in 2005 a re-recorded version would be made now with the starring of Anette Olzon, in Finland it was certified with a gold disc and more than 5,000 copies sold and in Germany 15,000 copies were sold. You Have Placed a Chill in My Heart "You Have Placed a Chill in My Heart" is a song by the British pop duo (group of two singers) Eurythmics. It was written by Annie Lennox and David A. Stewart. It is on the duo's sixth album, "Savage" (1987). It was the fourth and last single from the album in the United Kingdom and the second single in the United States. Michael McDonald (comedian) Michael James McDonald (born December 31, 1964) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, director, and writer. He is best known for starring in the sketch comedy show "MADtv" and for voicing numerous characters on "The Simpsons" from 1998 to 2010. McDonald joined the show during the fourth season (1998) and remained in the cast until the end of the thirteenth and penultimate season, having become the longest-tenured cast member. McDonald also directed several episodes of the comedy-drama series "Scrubs", on which he guest-starred six times. McDonald currently divides his time between writing, directing, and acting on various film and television projects, as well as performing live on stage across the country. Currently, McDonald is working on Nickelodeon's "The Loud House" as one of Clyde's fathers. He recently appeared in the 2021 film "Halloween Kills" as the character Little John, the romantic partner of Big John. The couple live in the house once occupied by the Myers family and tell stories of the young Michael Myers and the house to scare trick or treaters on Halloween night. You Can Do Magic (song) "You Can Do Magic" is a song by Russ Ballard. It is from 1982. It was recorded by the folk rock band America. It was on their album View from the Ground. Xavier Doherty Xavier John Doherty was born 22 November 1982. He used to be an Australian cricketer. He is a left-handed batsman and a slow left arm orthodox bowler. After he did well playing for Tasmania, Doherty started playing One Day International for Australia in a game against Sri Lanka at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in November 2010. Later that same month, he played Test against England at the Gabba. He did not play in 2011 because he hurt his back. White Shadow (movie) White Shadow is a 2013 drama movie. It was written, made, and directed by Noaz Deshe. The people working on the movie were in Germany, Italy and Tanzania. The movie was first shown during Critics’ Week at the 70th Venice International Film Festival on September 2, 2013. It won a prize called the Lion of the Future Award at that festival. It is about an albino. Whisky (movie) Whisky is a Uruguayan movie that is both funny and sad (tragicomic). It was directed by Juan Pablo Rebella and Pablo Stoll. It was released in 2004. The movie stars Andrés Pazos, Mirella Pascual, Jorge Bolani, Ana Katz, and Daniel Hendler. The actors do not talk much or show much feeling. It was first shown at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Un Certain Regard and FIPRESCI Awards.It was Juan Pablo Rebella's last movie before he died in 2006. Mickey Mouse Mixed-Up Adventures Mickey Mouse Mixed-Up Adventures is an American animated series. What You Get Is What You See "What You Get Is What You See" is a song by the singer Tina Turner. It was on her album Break Every Rule (1986). The record had three versions of the song on it: the Extended Dance Mix, the Extended Rock Mix and a live version from London. A different live version of the song was the first song on Turner's 1988 album Tina Live in Europe. She also put it on her 2009 live album Tina Live. That version was recorded during Turner's very popular . Lots of people in Australia liked the song. Aisha Buhari Aisha Halilu Buhari (born February 17, 1971) in Adamawa State,north eastern Nigeria. Her grandfather Alhaji Muhammadu Ribadu was once Nigeria's first minister of defence. Her father was a civil engineer,her mother is a daughter of the Ankali tribe,'wellknown farmers'.Aisha is the First Lady of Nigeria and the wife of the present President Muhammadu Buhari who took over office on the 29th of May after winning the former President Goodluck Jonathan. Silvina Batakis Silvina Aída Batakis (Born, December 27, 1968) is an Argentine economist and Former Minister of Economy of Argentina appointed by Alberto Fernández after the resignation of Martin Guzmán. She is the second woman to occupy the position of Minister of Economy in the history of the country after Felisa Miceli in 2005. She currently serves as president of the Banco de la Nación Argentina, since August 5, 2022. Minister of Economy (2022). On July 3, 2022, she was appointed Minister of Economy by Alberto Fernández, due to the resignation of Martin Guzmán. Personal life. Batakis is nicknamed "La Griega" ("the Greek"). Sports-wise, she is a supporter of Boca Juniors. She has a son. National Executive Power The National Executive Power (PEN) () of Argentina is the executive body of the central State of this country. It is a single-person, pyramidal body headed by the President of Argentina, an official who must be elected every four years by direct, secret, universal and compulsory suffrage, in a double round, along with the vice-presidential candidate. Presidency of the Nation. In Argentina, the Presidency of the Nation is made up of the President of the Nation and the closest organizations and personnel. Among the latter, the General Secretariat of the Presidency, the Legal and Technical Secretariat, the Federal Intelligence Agency, the Secretariat for Strategic Affairs and the Secretariat for Comprehensive Drug Policies (SEDRONAR) stand out for their political importance. Chief of Cabinet of Ministers. The Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers is a ministerial position of the Argentine Republic, held by a chief of staff. It corresponds to an official of the National Constitution and arises as a consequence of the constitutional reform of 1994. Its role, attributions and obligations are detailed in articles 100 and 101 of the National Constitution, deepened in art. Currently, the Chief of Staff is Juan Manzur. Winter Storage Winter Storage is a 1949 American animated short film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. The Chenab Times The Chenab Times is a digital news and activist organisation in India founded in July 2017. It is known for publishing news in endangered languages including Sarazi and Bhaderwahi languages. Its founder and editor–in–chief is Anzer Ayoob. History. "The Chenab Times" derives its name from the Chenab river, which flows through the Chenab valley, which includes the districts of Doda, Kishtwar, and Ramban. It began in July 2017 and initially focused on topics relating to development, infrastructure, and healthcare, particularly in the Chenab Valley. The website now features current news from around the world, with a particular emphasis on video reports from Jammu and Kashmir. On 21 January 2021, "The Chenab Times" started daily short news round-up in various local languages of Chenab Valley, which includes Sarazi and Bhaderwahi with additional support of Urdu language. In 2022, "The Chenab Times" was nominated for the "Best News Portal Award" by the Pahari Core Committee, an amalgamation of fifteen literary groups in Jammu and Kashmir, for promoting the local Pahari languages. The Equalizer The Equalizer could mean: What Is Love? (Howard Jones song) "What Is Love?" is a song by the musician Howard Jones. It came out in in 1983. It was on the album Human's Lib. It got up to no. 2 on the UK Singles Chart, and it is the singer's highest chart placing so far. In the US, it ended up at no. 33 on the Billboard Hot 100. Emmanuel Mormoris Emmanuel Mormoris, or Manolis Mormoris (), was a 16th-century Greek military leader from Crete and politician in the Republic of Venice. He led the Greek revolt of 1567–1572 in the region of Epirus controlled by the Ottoman Empire during the Ottoman-Venetian War of 1570-1573. Family and early years. Emmanuel Mormoris and his family, the Mormori or Murmuri, were Greeks from Nafplio in southern Greece. The family is first mentioned in the 15th century when a rich landord in Nafplio named Emmanuel Mormori was married to a lady from the Bua family. When the Ottoman army conquered Nafplio in 1540, many Greeks fled and some members of the Mormoris family escaped to the island of Crete controlled by the Venetians. In the 16th century, members of the "Mormori" or "Murmuri" family were active in Nafplio fighting against the Ottoman Empire. Other members of the same family served the Republic of Venice in Crete. Mormoris himself praises the Greeks and his family members in their fight against the Ottomans. The father of Emmanuel Mormoris, Jacomo, was a "cavaliere" ("cavalryman") in the Venetian army and leader of the "stratioti" of Crete. Before 1570, Emmanuel Mormoris was sent by the Venetian "provveditore generale" ("governor-general") of Crete to Sfakia, a region in western Crete, to convince some local rebel to surrender to Venetian rule. In 1568, he became leader of a cavalry unit of "stratioti di nationi Greca" ("soldiers from the Greek nation") and was sent to the island of Corfu. In 1571, he was accepted as member of the Cretan nobility ("cretensi nobili") by the Venetian Senate. Activity in Epirus. Mormoris was militarily active in the region of Epirus during the Ottoman-Venetian War of 1570-1573. The "provveditore" of Corfu, Sebastiano Venier, gave weapons and ammunition to the Greeks of Himara. Mormoris proposed the capture of the fortress of Sopot located across the island of Corfu. Sopot was an important stronghold and the Greek groups that participated in Mormoris' operations included Greek "stratioti" from Corfu and Greeks from Himarra (called "Himariotes"). After a successful siege on 7 June 1570, Mormoris was made commander of the fortress and the surrounding region. The capture of Sopot caused a revolt under his leadership resulting in the Ottomans being limited in the region to some military outposts. Mormoris, together with groups of Himariotes, then tried to destroy the Ottoman army as soon as possible. Afterwards, the anti-Ottoman movement spread to the regions of Argyrokastron, Delvina and Parga with the military help of the local Greek nobility and some "stratioti", such as Petros Lantzas and Georgios Renesis. Also, the people of Himara supported the rebellion and willingly surrendered to Venetian rule, while making use of the mountains of their homeland. Mormoris and his army attacked the fortress of Nivice and finally captured it in 1571. Meanwhile, an Ottoman fleet under admiral Uluz Ali approached the coast of Himara. During his campaigns, Mormoris was helped by his brother Zorzis Mormoris who led units of "stratioti" in Margariti, Santa Maura (Lefkada), and Corfu. But Venice removed its support to the Greek rebels and so the rebels had to end their attack on Kardhiq and later Sopot Fortress was recaptured by the Ottomans in 1571. Emmanuel Mormoris was captured during the Ottoman attack, taken prisoner to Constantinople, and was freed in June 1575 during a prisoner exchange between the Venetians and Ottomans. Later activity. In 1583, Mormoris was placed in command of the Venetian infantry in Crete. He was involved in the construction of the Fortezza of Rethymno and the port at Rethymno. In 1590-1591, he was sent to Italy to suppress the revolt of the lord of Montemarciano, Alfonso Picollomini, who was later executed in March 1591. In 1592, Mormoris returned to Crete to deal with rebellions in the island. In 1593, he was placed in Kefallonia where he oversaw the building of the Venetian fortress in Asos. Mormoris was the author of military reports on the construction of fortifications in the Ionian islands and Crete. Baby, Get It On Baby, Get it On was written by Ike Turner (Tina Turners former husband) and was sung by the couple in 1975. The song was the lead single on Tina's album, "Acid Queen." "Baby, Get it On" is the last known song they both sang together prior to their divorce on March 29, 1978. Sculpture throwing fireflies rainfall signals (Garau) Sculpture throwing fireflies rainfall signals is a painting in oil by the Italian painter Salvatore Garau, made in 1992, painted in 1992 at oil on canvas and its dimensions are 105 x 105 cm. It is kept in the Gallerie di Piazza Scala Museum, in front of the Teatro alla Scala, in Milan, in Italy. Condotta (Garau) Condotta (also known as Pipeline) is a 20th-century landscape, is a painting by the Italian painter Salvatore Garau painted in 2003, diptych mixed techniques on tarpaulin, measuring 240 x 350 cm centimeters, present in the permanent exhibition of Musée d'Art moderne et contemporain de Saint-Étienne Métropole. Styling. "Salvatore Garau's canvases depict spaces animated by movements and pictorial events. Spaces that must be revived, experienced, filtered by emotions and identified with a scene." (Lorand Hegyi) Angélica Aragón Angélica Espinoza Stransky (born Mexico City, Mexico, July 11, 1953), better known as Angélica Aragón (), is a Mexican film, theater and television actress, daughter of the famous actor José Ángel Espinoza "Ferrusquilla", who has starred in different Mexican films such as "Cilandro y parejil, Sexo, pudor y lágrimas, El crimen del Padre Amaro", and in American films such as "A Walk in the Clouds" and "" and in telenovelas such as "Vivir un Poco and "Mirada de Mujer"." She is of Czech descent on her maternal grandfather who was a soldier in the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I. The market (Filippini) The Market (also known as Il Mercato or L'Antico verziere) is a 19th-century late impressionist painted in oil by Francesco Filippini. It was painted about 1881, in Milano, Italy. Is in the collection of the GAM-Gallery of Modern Art of Milan (inv. n. 4725). Description. Filippini portrayed the square of "Il Verziere" in Milan (the name derives from "verzee" in the Milanese dialect, or "agricultural market"), is the open space that connects Largo Augusto with Via Verziere in Milan, in the Quadronno district in the center of Milan , inhabited by the nobility of Milan. The Quadronno district and the Piazza del Verziere in Milan were among the most picturesque places represented by the painters of the nineteenth century. The work also known as the "Verziere" is one of the few urban views by a Filippini dedicated to countryside and mountain landscapes. Style. Filippini animates the scene with groups of figures represented by splashes of bright color. Marina (Filippini) Marina (also known as Venice port or La Grande Marina) is a 19th-century late impressionist painted in oil by Francesco Filippini. It was painted about 1882, in Milano, Italy. Is in the collection of the GAM-Gallery of Modern Art of Milan since 1931 (inv. n. 4544). The work is connected to Filippini's 1882 "Marina", also in the collection of the GAM Museum - Gallery of Modern Art of Milan (inv. No. 4543), in which the sweeping views of the sea are represented they are cut diagonally from the jetty, geometrically perpendicular to that of the moored boats. Imminent thunderstorm (Filippini) Imminent thunderstorm (also known as Temporale imminente) is a 19th-century late impressionist painted in oil by Francesco Filippini. It was painted about 1890, in Milano, Italy. Is in the collection of the GAM-Gallery of Modern Art of Milan (inv. n. 7146). Description. The conception of the work is of absolute avant-garde, of landscape, in which the vision is placed like the will of a bird from above, granting a unique and immersive perspective in the work and in the metrological change of the sky, waiting for the storm on the mountain. The presence of men and animals from that height are completely undefined but they protest their presence in the landscape. The composition with aerial vision has a completely dilated perspective, bringing the possibility of looking beyond all limits, where the horizon is not defined by the creation of an arc that is one with the sky without a line of fracture through the sky and the earth. Trent's Last Case (1929 movie) Trent's Last Case is a 1929 American crime movie directed by Howard Hawks and is the second version of the 1913 novel of the same name by E. C. Bentley. It stars Raymond Griffith, Marceline Day, Raymond Hatton, Donald Crisp, Lawrence Gray, Anita Garvin and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Ratris Khel Chale Ratris Khel Chale (transl. The Game Runs At Night) is a Marathi supernatural thriller drama series. Production. It was started from 22 February 2016 by replacing "Dil Dosti Duniyadari". Pusaeus Flavius Illustrius Pusaeus was a 5th-century politician of the Roman Empire and a student of the Greek philosopher Proclus. Biography. Pusaeus studied Greek philosophy, specifically Neoplatonism, under Proclus. The other students in Proclus' school were Rufinus (high-level Athenian official), Severianus (provincial governor), Pamprepius (lecturer and supporter of Illus' rebellion), Marcellinus (patrician and "magister militum" of Dalmatia), Anthemius (Roman consul and emperor), and Flavius Messius Phoebus Severus (consul, patrician and prefect of Rome). In 465, Pusaeus held the position of "praetorian prefect of the East". In 467, he was a consul while Anthemius was head of the Western Roman Empire. In Constantinople, there is an inscription in Latin surrounded by inscriptions in Greek that reads: "Pusaeus, no less than the great Anthemius, strengthened towers and walls". Pusaeus died sometime before 486. Moonlight (2016 movie) Moonlight is a 2016 American coming-of-age drama movie. The Lady Eve The Lady Eve is a 1941 American romantic comedy movie directed by Preston Sturges and was based on the story by Monckton Hoffe. It stars Barbara Stanwyck, Henry Fonda, Charles Coburn, Eugene Pallette, Eric Blore, Melville Cooper, Robert Greig and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1942. Munich (movie) Munich is a 2005 American French Canadian historical drama movie. It was nominated for 5 Academy Awards in 2006. My Favorite Brunette My Favourite Brunette is a 1947 American romantic mystery comedy movie directed by Elliott Nugent and starring Bob Hope, Dorothy Lamour, Peter Lorre, Lon Chaney, Jr., John Hoyt, Charles Dingle, Reginald Denny, Willard Robertson, Jack La Rue. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures. Burnt by the Sun Burnt by the Sun (, translit. "Utomlyonnye solntsem", literally "wearied by the sun") is a 1994 Russian French drama movie directed by Nikita Mikhalkov (who also stars) and also starring Oleg Menshikov, Ingeborga Dapkūnaitė, Nadezhda Mikhalkova, André Oumansky. It won an Academy Award in 1995 and was followed up by two sequels in 2010 and 2011. Joop Fernhout Johannes “Joop” Fernhout (27 June 1920 - 9 October 1995) was a Dutch chess player and chess composer. Biography. During World War II, Fernhout worked at Statistics Netherlands. He was also a resistance member during the war. Fernhout became Master of Law in 1945 and moved for work to the Dutch Indies. During his business career there he was among others president of AVROS, an agricultural producers organization with 250,000 employees in North Sumatra. Fernhout became in 1948 chess champion of Batavia and West Java. Fernhout moved back to the Netherlands in 1958, where he was among others chairman of the Kamer van Koophandel (the Dutch Chamber of Commerce) in The Hague. Handball at the 1930 Women's World Games The handball competitions at the 1930 Women's World Games in Prague consisted of field handball and a Czech handball tournament. Field handball tournament. The field handball tournament took place on 7 September 1930. Stocksbridge Park Steels F.C. Stocksbridge Park Steels Football Club is an English association football club based in Stocksbridge, South Yorkshire. Microsoft Office 2016 Microsoft Office 2016 (First perpetual release Office 16) is an office suite for Windows. This is succeeding both Office 2013 and preceding Office 2019 and Office 2021, it was release on September 22, 2015 on Windows 10. Mainstream support of Office 2016 ended on October 13, 2020 and extended support same as most Office 2019 on October 14, 2025, the same day as mainstream support and extended support of Windows 10. Office 2016 has supported of Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows 10 or later and not longer supported of Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. Chief of Government of Buenos Aires The Government Headquarters of the City of Buenos Aires is the form of government adopted by the Executive Power of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires since 1996, after the declaration of autonomy of this city, capital of the Argentine Republic. This form of government is exercised by a Head of Government elected by popular vote, whose duration in office is four years and with the possibility of consecutive re-election for a single period. Along with the Head of Government there is also the figure of the Deputy Head of Government, who is also elected by popular vote with the same periods as the Head of Government and whose function is to temporarily assume command of the Executive Power in case of absence, or definitively in case of acephaly. The figure of the Head of Government of the City of Buenos Aires replaced the previous figure of the Mayor of the City of Buenos Aires, who was appointed by the President in office, with the agreement of the Senate of Argentina. Before 1996, the position of Chief of Government was known as Mayor of Buenos Aires. Back then, you were appointed mayor not elected. After a 1994 referendum, the title changed to Chief of Government and it became an elected position. Nikolai Andreev Nikolai Andreev (born in Russia) is a Russian mathematician and popularizer of mathematics. Biography. Nikolai is the Head of the Laboratory for Popularization and Promotion of Mathematics at the Steklov Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow). He received a Ph.D. in mathematics from Moscow State University in 2000. Among his many highly valued projects by the Russian mathematical community is the creation of the online resource Mathematical Etudes. In the years 2000 and 2001 he participated in the International Mathematical Olympiad. Awards. Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the Area of ​​Sciences and Innovations for Young Scientists (2010) Gold Medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2017) for outstanding achievements in science popularization Leelavati Award (2022) for his contribution to the art of mathematical animation and mathematical model building, in a style that inspires young and old alike, and that mathematicians around the world can adapt to its many uses, as well as well as for his tireless efforts to popularize genuine mathematics among the public through videos, lectures, and an award-winning book Osteocephalus alboguttatus The whitebelly tree frog ("Osteocephalus alboguttatus") is a frog. It lives Ecuador in the Amazon Basin. Scientists have seen it as high as 600 meters above sea level. The adult male frog is about 34 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is about 35-46 mm long. This frog is brown in color with large white spots and a white belly. It has light brown color on its sides. The young frogs have cream-colored stripes. The iris of the eye is green-gold in color with black marks. This frog lives in open places, forests, and banana farms. The scientific name of this species comes from the Latin words "albo" for "white" and "gutta" for "spot." Fencing at the 1930 Women's World Games Fencing was one of the sports at the at the 1930 Women's World Games at the Letná Stadium in Prague in September 1930. Six fencers entered for the foil competition. However the German world champion Helene Mayer could not participate because she was ill. A total of 20 matches were played. Every fencer competed twice against every other fencer. Shepherdess at rest (Filippini) Shepherdess at rest (also known as La Sosta or Siesta) is a 19th-century late impressionist painted in oil by Francesco Filippini. It was painted about 1887, in Milano, Italy. Is in the collection of the GAM-Gallery of Modern Art of Milan (inv. n. 193), from which it was bought in 1933. Self-portrait as a young man (Filippini) Self-portrait as a young man (also known as Autoritratto giovanile) is a 19th-century late impressionist painted in oil by Francesco Filippini. It was painted about 1873, in Milano, Italy. Is in the collection of the Civic Museums of Brescia (inv. n. 1526). Description. Made when the artist was twenty, while attending the drawing school in Brescia, it is one of the three self-portraits made by Filippini. Nude Study (Filippini) Nude Study (also known as Studio di nudo virile) is a 19th-century late impressionist painted in oil by Francesco Filippini. It was painted about 1876, in Brescia, Italy. Is in the collection of the Civic Museums of Brescia (inv. n. 988). Description. The work is part of six other nude studies, preserved in the Civic Museums of Brescia and carried out by Filippini, during his transition from the Brescia drawing school to the Brera Academy in Milan. This virile study was carried out by Filippini who had to make a copy of a painting from "Academia" to participate in the competition for the prize of the legate Brozzoni, which he needed to move to the Brera Academy in Milan. Portrait of the mother (Filippini) Portrait of the mother (also known as Ritratto della madre) is a 19th-century late impressionist painted in oil by Francesco Filippini. It was painted about 1877, in Milano, Italy. Is in the collection of the Civic Museums of Brescia (inv. n. 608). Umberto Boccioni was inspired by the work "Portrait of the mother'" by Francesco Filippini to create the portrait of his mother Portrait of the mother in 1910, painted in Via Adige 23 in Milan. Description. Filippini's mother, The work portrayed Silvia Signoria (1823-1877), mother of Filippini of humble origins, portrayed by Filippini during her studies at the Brera Academy in Milan. It seems this work was the inspiration for the creation of the "Portrait of the mother" by Umberto Boccioni (oil on canvas 70 x 55.5) of 1916, part of the collection of the Ricci Oddi Gallery of Modern Art. Here too the mother is represented in a frontal position and a total flattening of the volumes made with strong contrasts of chiaroscuro that the lateral light projects on the faces. The brush strokes are made with short and quick strokes typical of Filipinos in the youth period. Sunset (Filippini) Sunset (also known as Vespero or Sosta - Gregge - Vespero) is a 19th-century late impressionist painted in oil by Francesco Filippini. It was painted about 1891, in Milano, Italy. Is in the collection of the Civic Museums of Brescia (inv. n. 734). The work with the title of "Vespero" was the most important of the 1981 Promotional Exhibition in Turin, amid the clamor of the public and visitors the poet Giuseppe Deabate dedicated his verses to him in the catalog of the same Exhibition, confirming that the paintings of Filippini are works of art and poetry. Description. The stylistic reference of Filippini in this painting is to his work "Return to the pasture" of 1888. Filippini portrays, at sunset towards versa, those who, after their daily efforts, go to pray in front of an isolated "Santella" which is encountered in the path between work and devotion. Nguyễn Bá Cẩn Nguyễn Bá Cẩn (September 9, 1930 – May 20, 2009) was a South Vietnamese politician who served as Prime Minister of South Vietnam from 5 April 1975 until 28 April 1975; serving under Presidents Nguyễn Văn Thiệu and Trần Văn Hương. Bá Cẩn died on May 20, 2009 in California, United States at the age of 78. Mercado Libre Mercado Libre, Inc. (literally "free market" in Spanish, and known as Mercado Livre in Portuguese) is a multinational company of Argentine origin based in Buenos Aires dedicated to electronic commerce in Latin America. Users can sell and buy both new and used products at a fixed or variable price, plus private services are offered. Mercado Libre also has a service called Mercado Pago, a platform for charging buyers and payments and credits to sellers. Although their headquarters are in Argentina, their main and profitable operating markets are Brazil and Mexico, where they even operate with their own line of aircraft included. GTE GTE Corporation, formerly General Telephone & Electronics Corporation(1955–1982), was the largest independent telephone company in the United States during the days of the Bell System. The company operated from 1926. NYNEX NYNEX Corporation was an American telephone company that served five states of New England (Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont) as well as most of the state of New York from January 1, 1984 to August 14, 1997. Verizon New England Verizon New England, Inc. is a Bell Operating Company that serves most of Massachusetts and all of Rhode Island. It was formerly New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, more commonly known as New England Telephone, which for seven decades served most of the New England area of the United States as a part of the original AT&T. New England Telephone's coverage area included Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont as well as Massachusetts and Rhode Island, but Verizon sold off service in the northern three states, which as of 2020 are served by Consolidated Communications. After the Bell System divestiture, New England Telephone merged with New York Telephone to form NYNEX in 1984. NYNEX was acquired by Bell Atlantic in 1997. In 2000, Bell Atlantic bought GTE and changed its own name to Verizon. New England Telephone was then renamed Verizon New England. MCI Inc. MCI, Inc. (subsequently Worldcom and MCI WorldCom) was a telecommunications company. Leny Rombout Leny Rombout (born 1900s) was a Dutch athlete specialized in javelin throw from Dordrecht. She was a member of Sparta, Dordrecht and the Dutch national team. In September 1925 she finished second at the Dutch national champion in the athletics’ triathlon behind Martha Kolthoff. On 15 July 1929, she set the national record in javelin throw at the 1929 Netherlands–Germany women's athletics competition. On 18 August she broke the national javelin record again at the international competition against Belgium. In August 1930 she won at the 1930 WAAA Championships, the British national championships, the javelin throw with a distance of 32.44 metres. In September 1930 she competed at the 1930 Women's World Games in Prague in the javelin throw event. She reached the finals where she finished sixth. C&P Telephone The Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company, usually known as C&P Telephone, is a company providing services to Washington, D.C., Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia. Diamond State Telephone Verizon Delaware LLC, formerly The Diamond State Telephone Company, is the Bell Operating Company of Delaware, and small parts of southeastern Pennsylvania. Founded in 1897, it became a part of the Bell System in 1905. When the AT&T breakup occurred in 1984, DST became managed by the Regional Bell Operating Company Bell Atlantic. In 1994, Bell Atlantic chose to "unify" its brand by legally renaming all of its telephone companies — including Diamond State Telephone to "Bell Atlantic – Delaware, Inc". After the 2000 merger with GTE, Bell Atlantic – Delaware, Inc. became known as Verizon Delaware, Inc., and later as Verizon Delaware LLC. Corn crake The corn crake or landrail ("Crex crex") is a bird in the Rallidae family. Red-legged crake The red-legged crake ("Rallina fasciata") is a bird in the Rallidae family. Qashqai people Qashqai (قشقایی, also spelled Qaşqay, Qashqayi, Kashkai, Kashkay, Qašqāʾī and Qashqa'i or Kaşkay) is an Oghuz Turkic group of people living mainly in the Fars Province of Southern Iran. Language. Their language is regarded as an independent third group of dialects within the Southwestern Turkic language group by the "Encyclopædia Iranica". It is known to speakers as Turki. Estimates of the number of Qashqai speakers vary between 1.6–2.5 million. Origin. The Qashqai are thought to trace its origins to the Bronze Age tribe "Kashka/Kaska" (also "Kaška or Kaskian") of the Ancient Near East. Brawley, California Brawley is a city in Imperial County, California, United States. Calipatria, California Calipatria is a city in Imperial County, California, United States. Imperial, California Imperial is a city in Imperial County, California, United States. Westmorland, California Westmorland is a city in Imperial County, California, United States. Clearlake, California Clearlake is a city in Lake County, California, United States. Chowchilla, California Chowchilla is a city in Madera County, California, United States. Bogd Khanate of Mongolia The Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (; ) was the government of Outer Mongolia between 1911 and 1919 and again from 1921 to 1924. Zameer Khan Zameer Khan was born 17 September, 1990. He is a Danish cricketer who has played 8 Twenty20 Internationals for Denmark. Barton, Maryland Barton is a town in Allegany County, Maryland, United States. Lonaconing, Maryland Lonaconing is a town in Allegany County, Maryland, United States. Luke, Maryland Luke is a town in Allegany County, Maryland, United States. Midland, Maryland Midland is a town in Allegany County, Maryland, United States. Westernport, Maryland Westernport is a town in Allegany County, Maryland, United States. Chesapeake Beach, Maryland Chesapeake Beach is a town in Calvert County, Maryland, United States. North Beach, Maryland North Beach is a town in Calvert County, Maryland, United States. The Two Mrs. Carrolls The Two Mrs. Carrolls is a 1947 American mystery movie directed by Peter Godfrey (who also stars) and was based on the 1935 play of the same name by Martin Vale. Also starring Humphrey Bogart, Barbara Stanwyck, Alexis Smith, Nigel Bruce, Isobel Elsom, Patrick O'Moore. It was distributed by Warner Bros. and did poorly at the box office. Federalsburg, Maryland Federalsburg is a town in Caroline County, Maryland, United States. Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz Doctor Heinz Doofenshmirtz, also known as Dr. Doofenshmirtz or Doof is a fictional character from the cartoon television series Phineas and Ferb and its spin-off Milo Murphy’s Law. He is played by Dan Povenmire. Character. In Phineas and Ferb Dr. Doofenshmirtz is an evil scientist who wants to use his machines to take over the Tri-State Area. He says he is “an evil scientist, not a mad scientist”. His nemesis Perry the Platypus stops his evil plans every day. Dr. Doofenshmirtz also has a lot of bad luck and says the reason he loses every time is because he has “poor planning skills”. Doofenshmirtz also gives almost every machine he builds a name ending with “inator”. Even though he calls himself evil and is the villain of the show, he has some good wikt:traits. For instance, he really does love his daughter Vanessa. Backstory. Dr. Doofenshmirtz likes to tell everyone his origin story to explain why he wants to try to be a supervillain. He says that neither of his parents showed up to the hospital the day he was born and that they never gave him a birthday party. He also says that his parents disowned him and he was raised by ocelots. Doofenshmirtz also says that when he was a child his only friend was a balloon that he lost and that his father made him stand all day in the lawn dressed up as a gnome. Doof also says his parents named their pet dog Only Son because Doofenshmirtz was scared to dive into a swimming pool and that his mother didn’t let him go swimming in public pools and she liked his younger brother Roger Doofenshmirtz better than she liked him because Roger was the only one of the two who was good at kickball. Doof was also forced to wear dresses since his parents had thought Roger would be a girl. Dr. Doofenshmirtz says he hates Roger not only out of jealousy but also because Roger accidentally destroyed a painting that Doof made. Since he was a child, Heinz Doofenshmirtz was in many science fairs but every time he lost to a baking soda volcano. And when he became a writer of poetry, he still lost to a baking soda volcano. He faced a lot of bullies over time. A woman he liked left him for someone with big hands. After moving to America and getting married and later getting a divorce he had a girlfriend who left him for a whale. Main Role in Phineas and Ferb. In almost every episode, Dr. Doofenshmirtz builds a machine called an inator either to get revenge on someone from a backstory or to take over the Tri-State Area and is beaten by Perry the Platypus. Even though he loses to Perry every time, Dr. Doofenshmirtz accidentally destroys whatever Phineas and Ferb built that day so that when their sister Candace tries to show it to their mother there is nothing there and Candace looks like she’s crazy. Redemption. In the second season of the show there was an episode called Summer Belongs to You where Dr. Doofenshmirtz works with Perry the Platypus to rescue his daughter Vanessa Doofenshmirtz. In the third season there was an episode called Agent Doof where Dr. Doofenshmirtz tries to become a secret agent working for the good guys and accidentally causes more problems than he did when he was evil so he decides to go back to being evil. In the Season Three episode, Where’s Perry, Dr. Doofenshmirtz builds a machine called the “Ultimate Evil-Inator” to turn Perry’s wikt:boss Major Monogram evil but accidentally hits Monogram’s assistant Carl making him turn evil. So Doof ends up working with Monogram and Perry to stop Carl because Carl is a more dangerous villain than Doof was so Dr. Doofenshmirtz builds a machine called the Re-Good Inator and turns Carl good again. In the movie Phineas and Ferb: Across the Second Dimension, Dr. Doofenshmirtz goes to a parallel universe where a more evil version of himself already won and Doof ends up stopping the other him from taking over the Tri-State Area from the main universe. In the Season 4, episode Mission Marvel, Doofenshmirtz accidentally steals the powers of the superheroes from Marvel Comics and teams up with the Marvel supervillains but the villains betray him so Doofenshmirtz helps stop them. In the Season 4 episode Minor Monogram, Doofenshmirtz’s sidekick betrays Dr. Doofenshmirtz and tries to take over the world so Doof helps stop him. In the Season Four episode, “Primal Perry” Dr. Doofenshmirtz hires a hunter from Australia named Liam to trap Perry the Platypus but ends up working with Perry to stop him after Liam tries to kill them both. In the episode Doof 101, it’s revealed that after summer ended Dr. Doofenshmirtz was given a choice between jail and community service and ended up as a high school science teacher. And the episode Act Your Age set in the future reveals that Dr. Doofenshmirtz didn’t commit any crimes since then. In the episode Phineas and Ferb save Summer, Dr. Doofenshmirtz helps the good guys stop a mad scientist named Rodney from putting the world in a new ice age but says he’s still evil. In the horror episode Night of the Living Pharmacists, he accidentally starts a zombie pharmacist apocalypse and helps to stop it. In the series finale Last Day of Summer, he builds a machine called the Do-Over Inator so that he can start the same day over any number of times and accidentally nearly destroys the universe so he tries to save it from himself and his daughter Vanessa convinces him to turn good. Spin-Offs. Dr. Doofenshmirtz appears in both episodes of the spin-off The OWCA Files in which he’s partnered with Perry the Platypus and had to fight another evil scientist named Parenthesis. In the spin-off Milo Murphy’s Law, Dr. Doofenshmirtz invents time travel and changes his name to Professor Time. Doof also appears in the movie Phineas and Ferb: Candace Against the Universe where he helps fight the aliens and save Earth. Mental gland A mental gland is a part of the body of amphibians and reptiles. Mental glands make chemicals that animals use to talk to each other. Place. There are two mental glands, one on each side of the head. They are behind the jawbone. Function. Mental glands make chemicals that come out through the skin. These chemicals help the animal tell when another animal is the same or a different species from them. These chemicals also helps them choose mates. Scientists have seen turtles bob their heads up and down when they see another turtle. Scientists believe bobbing the head up and down helps the chemicals from the mental glands go through the air to the other turtle. Scientists have seen salamanders move when they see another salamander. For example, they snap their jaws. Only salamanders that have mental glands do this, so scientists believe they also spread the chemicals through the air. Origins and evolution. Not all reptiles and amphibians have mental glands. Some species in the same family have mental glands and others do not. In 2021, one team of scientists found that most turtles that have mental glands live in the water. They wanted to know if different turtles got mental glands separately or if one ancestor turtle got mental glands. They found that mental glands happened just once in turtles, in the ancestor of the family Testudinoidea. Then some of the species that came from this ancestor kept their glands and some lost them. They believe that all turtles that have mental glands develop them from the same tissue. Phineas and Ferb Phineas and Ferb is a Disney Channel cartoon television series created by Dan Povenmire and Swampy Marsh. It aired from 2007 to 2015 and inspired two spin-offs called The OWCA Files and Milo Murphy’s Law. It was also adapted into two movies. The TV movie and the Disney Plus original movie . Premise. Phineas Flynn and his stepbrother Ferb Fletcher are two children who spend their summer vacation inventing new machines and/or building large wikt:contraptions so that they and their friends can have fun. Phineas’s sister Candace Flynn thinks that their mother would be angry with Phineas and Ferb if she saw the things they build so Candace spends each day trying to show her what Phineas and Ferb created to get her to punish them (or as Candace puts it to “bust” them.) But Phineas and Ferb’s pet platypus Perry is actually a spy secretly working for a group called OWCA (Organization Without a Cool Acronym) known as Perry the Platypus or Agent P who spends every day fighting the evil Dr. Doofenshmirtz. And every day Perry’s battle with Doofenshmirtz leads to him accidentally destroying whatever Phineas and Ferb built just before Candace shows it to her mother Linda so Linda sees nothing and doesn’t believe Candace who ends up looking crazy. Rock concert A rock concert is a live performance of rock music. The music at rock concerts are usually played by bands, but sometimes they are played by one person. Milo Murphy's Law Milo Murphy’s Law is an animated television series created by Dan Povenmire and Swampy Marsh as a spin-off of Phineas and Ferb and, starring Weird Al. It is centred on a 13 year old boy named Milo Murphy whose family is known for the slogan “anything that can go wrong will go wrong” because around all male members of the Murphy family “anything that can go wrong will go wrong”. Because of that, Milo Murphy makes sure to be completely prepared for anything that can happen no matter how strange or unlikely. Phineas Flynn Phineas Flynn is a fictional character appearing in the animated television series Phineas and Ferb. Along with his stepbrother Ferb Fletcher, Phineas is the main protagonist. Phineas is known for the catchphrase “Ferb, I know what we’re gonna do today”. Ferb Fletcher Ferb Fletcher is a fictional character in the animated television series Phineas and Ferb. Ferb comes from Great Britain but moved to the United States after his father Lawrence Fletcher married an American woman named Linda Flynn who already had two children Candace Flynn who is older than Ferb is and Phineas Flynn who is about the same age as Ferb is. Unlike Phineas, Ferb rarely talks and is “more of a man of action”. Candace Flynn Candace Flynn is a fictional character created by Dan Povenmire and Swampy Marsh for the animated television series Phineas and Ferb and is the deuteragonist of the show. Candace is played by Ashley Tisdale. Role in Phineas and Ferb. Every day of their summer vacation Candace’s brother Phineas Flynn and their stepbrother Ferb Fletcher build a new machine or invention. Candace knows that she would get in serious trouble with her parents if she did anything like create Phineas and Ferb’s inventions which she believes are dangerous so every day she tries to show her mother Linda what Phineas and Ferb created so that she’ll get angry and punish them (or as Candace puts it “bust them”.) But by the time Candace shows her mother Phineas and Ferb’s latest invention it has mysteriously disappeared (normally because of Perry the Platypus’s battles against Dr. Doofenshmirtz) making Candace look like she’s insane. Role in Milo Murphy’s Law. Candace appears in Milo Murphy’s Law in the crossover episode The Phineas and Ferb Effect, in which she argues that Phineas and Ferb shouldn’t include Milo Murphy in their plan to save the world because around him “everything that can go wrong will go wrong” only to change her mind about Milo after realizing just how resourceful he is. Role in Candace Against the Universe. Candace is the main protagonist of the Disney Plus original movie . Deuteragonist In fiction a deuteragonist is the second most important character after the protagonist. Scott Menville Scott David Menville (born February 12, 1971) is an American actor who is known for his voice work in animated films, television series and video games voice of Teen Titans Go! and The Juice in the episode The First Juice. Andy Sturmer Marvin Andrew Sturmer (born March 11, 1965) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and composer. He co-founded the rock band Jellyfish in 1989. He was the group's lead vocalist, drummer, and primary songwriter. Following their break-up in 1994, Sturmer became involved with Tamio Okuda, as writer and producer for the Japanese pop duo Puffy AmiYumi. Although Sturmer maintains a low public profile, he continues working as a songwriter for cartoons produced by Disney and Cartoon Network and the music in Ben 10 and The Juice 2012 and 2014. David Avalon David Avalon, also known as David Paul Grove, (born December 10, 1958) is a Canadian television, film and voice actor. Career. Avalon is best known for voicing Jonny 2x4 in "Ed, Edd n Eddy" and playing one of the Dwarfs, Doc, in "Once Upon a Time". Grove has appeared in several Christmas films like "Elf" and "The Santa Clause". He sometimes goes by his nickname "Buck", as is shown in several of the credits of his film and television appearances. Janyse Jaud Janyse Jaud (, born November 26, 1969) is a Canadian actress, musician and author. Kathleen Barr Kathleen Barr is a Canadian voice actress. She is best known for voicing Marie Kanker and Kevin in "Ed, Edd n Eddy" and Trixie Lulamoon and Queen Chrysalis in "". She also voiced Henri Richard Maurice Dutoit LeFevbre in "Liberty's Kids", Dot Matrix in "ReBoot", Kaiko Nekton in "The Deep", Wheezie in "Dragon Tales", and Gelorum in "Hot Wheels: AcceleRacers". Jenn Forgie Jennifer Forgie (born January 4, 1969) is a Canadian actress and singer. She is often credited as Jenn Forgie. Biography. Forgie is well known for her anime roles on "InuYasha", as Jakotsu, the homosexual member of The Band of Seven and "Ranma ½" as Tsukasa. She also played May Kanker and Nazz von Bartonschmeer during the third season of the animated series "Ed, Edd n Eddy". However, the creator, Danny Antonucci, preferred Nazz and May's previous voice, Erin Fitzgerald, and had her flown to Canada to replace her for future episodes. She has also appeared in a TV movie about "Flight 93". Patric Caird Patric Caird is a Canadian film and television composer and musician. Doug Parker (voice actor) Douglas Parker (born December 17, 1957 in Canada) is a Canadian voice actor and animation director. He has been active in the industry since 1985. He has cast, and directed many animated shows and films. He also has voiced characters in several cartoons and anime; he is probably best known for his work in "ToddWorld", which was nominated as an outstanding children's animated program. His character Terrosaur in "Beast Wars: Transformers" is also well-known, as well as Starscream. Doug also provided the voice of Prince Adam in "The New Adventures of He-Man" (1990). The Super The Super is a 1991 American comedy movie directed by Rod Daniel and starring Joe Pesci, Vincent Gardenia, Ruben Blades, Madolyn Smith, Stacey Travis, Carole Shelley, Kenny Blank. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was a box office failure. Terry Klassen Terry Klassen (born March 31, 1957) is a Canadian voice actor, ADR director and writer. Before animation, Klassen worked in radio in Winnipeg (CITI-FM), Toronto (Q107), Calgary (CFAC), Portage la Prairie (CFRY) and part-time at CFOX and CFMI. In animation, he is best known for his work on "My Little Pony" being voice director of all episodes including the movie (Canadian talent) and the "" series. Klassen has also voiced many characters including Baby Sylvester in "Baby Looney Tunes", Tusky Husky in "Krypto the Superdog" and Tony and Seth Parsons in "The Cramp Twins". Lee Tockar Lee William Tockar (born February 11, 1969) is a Canadian voice actor and visual artist. Works. He works for several studios in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He is also a writer of children's literature, a musician, sculptor, illustrator and collected painter. Tockar is best known for his work on "", Eugene "Bling Bling Boy" Hamilton in "Johnny Test", George in "George of the Jungle", Doktor Frogg on "League of Super Evil", the titular character of "Yakkity Yak", the evil Makuta Teridax in the Bionicle films and Fidgel from "3-2-1 Penguins!". He also founded FanBuilt.com. Ed, Edd n Eddy (season 1) Season 1 of the Cartoon Network TV series Ed, Edd n Eddy started on November 12 and ended on April 21, 2000. Episodes. Every episode of this season is directed by Danny Antonucci. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Ed, Edd n Eddy (season 2) The second season of Ed, Edd n Eddy first aired on December 17, 1999 and ended on Decmber 31, 2001. Episodes. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The Ed-touchables and Nagged to Ed "The Ed-touchables" and "Nagged to Ed" are the two parts that make up the pilot episode of the Canadian-American animated television series "Ed, Edd n Eddy". It premiered on Cartoon Network in the United States on November 7, 1998. List of Ed, Edd n Eddy episodes Ed, Edd n Eddy is an animated television series broadcast on Cartoon Network, an American cable network. The series started showing on November 12, 1999. Overview. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> References. General Specific And That Is Why . . . Manipuri Myths Retold And That Is Why . . . Manipuri Myths Retold is a book by L. Somi Roy. It is a children's book based on 12 stories from the Meitei mythology (Manipuri mythology) of the Meitei ethnicity of Manipur. The book is published by the Penguin Random House India under the Puffin Imprint. It was released by MP of Rajya Sabha and titular king Leishemba Sanajaoba at the Palace Compund, Imphal on the 21st June 2021. The stories are actually a collection of translated works from the original myths from the PuYas (Meitei language manuscripts) of ancient Manipur, rarely retold by people in the modern times. Background. Late scholar Ningthoukhongjam Khelchandra introduced the ancient Meitei manuscripts to L. Somi Roy. L. Somi Roy was helped by Thokchom Thouyangba Meitei, a scholar of ancient manuscripts, the artist Sapha Yumnam, and Manipuri historian Wangam Somorjit, in the creation of the book project. The author revisited the treasures of the ancient mythological tales of the Meiteis of the pre-Hindu Manipur. The illustration artist Sapha Yumnam confirmed that the artworks found in the ancient Meitei manuscripts are "primitive" having many warm toned colors like red, brown and little usage of black, grey and blue. In respect for the ancient artistic tradition, Sapha Yumnam used the very colours in the illustration of the book to be as faithfully close to the originals. According to an interview with L. Somi Roy by the "Times of India", he said that the book was the first time for the Manipuri mythology being presented to the outside world and so, he was taking extra care. He further said that the stories are from a time before the arrival of Hinduism in Manipur. In the author's comment, every civilization doesn't have a mythology but Manipuri has its own mythology, and it's remarkable in consideration to the historical size of Manipur. He opined that Manipur's civilization is an Eastern oriented one while the rest of India is Western looking. In an interview with L. Somi Roy by the "Indian Express", he said: "We have high culture in dance and music, and even sports, but not much of a visual tradition. It is these rare manuscripts that make up the heritage of the Meitei community — and hence, need to be preserved as far as possible." Works. The book contains 12 stories about mythical creatures, heroes, gods and goddesses from the ancient mythological tales of the Meiteis of ancient Manipur. Unexpected Uncle Unexpected Uncle is a 1941 American comedy-drama movie directed by Peter Godfrey and starring Anne Shirley, James Craig, Charles Coburn, Ernest Truex, Renee Godfrey, Russell Gleason. It was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures. Nicknames of New York City New York City has been known by many nicknames. Marcos Galperin Marcos Eduardo Galperin (Born, October 31, 1971) is an Argentine businessman known for being the founder, president and executive director of Mercado Libre. Mercado Libre. In February 2020, Marcos Galperin left his position as CEO and president of Mercado Libre in Argentina. Galperin was replaced by Stelleo Passos Tolda, a Brazilian executive who until then was the company's Chief Operating Officer. Galperin stepped down as head of the board of directors of the e-commerce company's Argentine subsidiary, but will maintain his executive leadership role. He will also maintain his role as chief financial officer and chief manager of the company. Just Between Friends Just Between Friends is a 1986 American drama movie directed by first time director Allan Burns and starring Mary Tyler Moore, Christine Lahti, Sam Waterston, Ted Danson, Jane Greer, Mark Blum, Beverly Sanders, Lewis Arquette. It was distributed by Orion Pictures. She Done Him Wrong She Done Him Wrong is a 1933 American romantic comedy movie directed by Lowell Sherman and was based on the 1928 play Diamond Lil by Mae West (who also stars). Also starring Cary Grant, Owen Moore, Gilbert Roland, Rochelle Hudson, Noah Beery Sr., Rafaela Ottiano and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1934. Vanilla Sky Vanilla Sky is a 2001 American British Spanish science fiction psychological thriller movie directed by Cameron Crowe and is based on the 1997 movie "Open Your Eyes". It stars Tom Cruise, Cameron Diaz, Kurt Russell, Penélope Cruz, Jason Lee, Noah Taylor, Timothy Spall, Tilda Swinton, Carolyn Pickles and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 2002. Egor Rays Egor Egorovich Rays (real name - Egor Egorovich Vinichenko, born October 10, 1987, Moscow, Moscow Region, USSR) is a Russian sports blogger, sports agent of Olympic athletes. He is a laureate of the award in the field of educational development "Pedagog-Psychologist" of the year (2012), he is also a nominee of the award Russia the land of opportunities: "TOP BLOG" in the sports section. Host of the podcast show on "Soviet Sport" - "Let's go to contact". Sony Rana Sony Rana (born 17 October 1965) or Sonee Rana is the first Nepalese female commercial-pilot. She is also the first Nepali female Boeing jet-pilot. She got her aviation license from Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal on 29 March 1991. Award. Rana was awarded with Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu (IV) in 1993. Personal life. She married Bijay Giri, a pilot in 2055 BS (1998-1999). Rana and Giri knew each other for seven year before their marriage. Giri died on a plane crash in Surkhet on 17 July 2002 (1 Shrawan 2059). She has one daughter. Her younger brother Ashish Narasingh Rana is also a pilot. She currently lives in Maharajgunj, Kathmandu. Perry the Platypus Perry the Platypus, also known as Perry or Agent P is a fictional character created by Dan Povenmire and Swampy Marsh for the animated television series Phineas and Ferb. Perry is played by Dee Bradley Baker. Role in Phineas and Ferb. Phineas Flynn and his stepbrother Ferb Fletcher keep Perry as a pet but think that he’s just a regular platypus who “doesn’t do much”. Whenever Phineas has an idea for what he and Ferb will build that day someone asks “hey, where’s Perry”. Perry is actually a spy working for OWCA (the Organization Without a Cool Acronym) while wearing a fedora and is said to be OWCA’s best secret agent. Perry’s boss Major Monogram normally sends him to fight Dr. Doofenshmirtz. In almost every episode, Perry the Platyus shows up at Doof’s headquarters, Dr. Doofenshmirtz traps Perry, Doof explains his evil plan, Perry escapes, Perry and Dr. Doofenshmirtz fight, Perry beats Doofenshmirtz and Doof yells “Curse you, Perry the Platypus.” That said, there are some exceptions to this. For example, in the Season One Episode Journey to the Center of Candace, Dr. Doofenshmirtz decides to “mix it around a little” by beginning with describing his evil plan and then trapping Perry, but as soon as Dr. Doofenshmirtz explains his plan is “to destroy anyone who can’t make up their mind” Perry immediately catches and arrests Doof after having a flashback to his owner Phineas Flynn saying he couldn’t make up his mind. Other enemies. In the episode Rouge Rabbit, Perry the Platypus is sent to fight an evil rabbit named Dennis who is more dangerous than Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz is. In the episode “Oh, there you are Perry”, Perry is told to leave Phineas and Ferb to fight a new supervillain the Regurgitator who takes on Dr. Doofenshmirtz as a sidekick and loses to Perry because of Doof’s stupidity. In some episodes, Perry actually works with Dr. Doofenshmirtz against a more dangerous villain. Relationship with Doofenshmirtz. Even though Dr. Doofenshmirtz is Perry’s nemesis when Perry isn’t trying to stop Doofenshmirtz from doing evil the two are actually friends. In the Season One episode Oil on Candace, Perry tries to cheer up Dr. Doofenshmirtz when he can’t convince his Professor that he’s good at being evil. In the episode Dude, We’re Getting the Band Back Together, Perry helps Doofenshmirtz throw a birthday party for his daughter Vanessa. In the episode Put that Putter Away, Perry and Doof vacation together. In one episode, Perry pretends to be Doofenshmirtz’s pet so that Doof can impress a woman he wants to date. In the episode It’s About Time, Perry has a song about how sad he is without Doofenshmirtz after Doof replaced him as an enemy with Peter the Panda. At one point, Dr. Doofenshmirtz tells Perry “You are my rock, Perry the Platypus, by which I mean the one person who’s always there for me”. Role in Across the Second Dimension. Perry plays a major role in where Perry reveals that he’s actually a secret agent to stop the parallel universe version of Dr. Doofenshmirtz from killing Phineas and Ferb but Phineas is angry with Perry for lying to him. Role in the OWCA Files. In the spin-off The OWCA Files, Perry has to train and work with a team of new partners one of whom is the no longer evil Dr. Doofenshmirtz. Role in Milo Murphy’s Law. In the spin-off Milo Murphy’s Law, Perry’s boss Major Monogram has him sent to Dr. Doofenshmirtz to stop Doof from accidentally causing problems while trying to be good. Only for Doofenshmirtz to find out and be angry with Perry because “you’re not my friend, you’re my babysitter”. Though in the series finale, Dr. Doofenshmirtz forgives Perry after finding out Perry spent all the money he was making on helping pay for Dr. Doofenshmirtz to invent time travel and become Professor Time. Osteocephalus buckleyi Buckley's slender-legged tree frog ("Osteocephalus buckleyi") is a frog. It lives Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil and the Guianas. Scientists have seen it as high as 700 meters above sea level. The adult male frog is 42-50 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 63-69 mm long. The skin of the frog's back is dark green with brown spots. The skin where the legs meet the body is blue. It has bumps on its skin. There is some extra skin on the outsides of its feet. The iris of the eye is gold in color. This frog hides during the day and moves around at night. At night, the frog sits on branches or plants near or hanging over streams. During the day, the frog hides on roots, rocks or dead tree trunks near the water. XYY syndrome XYY syndrome, also known as Jacobs syndrome, is an genetic disorder. People with this disorder have the wrong number of chromosomes in each of their cells, which is called aneuploidy. They have one X chromosome and 2 Y chromosomes in each cell. People with XYY syndrome are male, but normal males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. Northwestern Bell Northwestern Bell was an American Midwestern telephone company. It was operated for Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota. The company began as Nebraska Telephone Company and Iowa Telephone Company. In 1920, these and three other telephone groups were merged into one company and renamed Northwestern Bell Telephone Company. When the Bell System was phased out, it was renamed to Northwestern Bell a US WEST Company. Between 1990 and mid-1994, the Northwestern Bell name stopped being used. It was replaced under the US West Communications company banner. In 2010 or 2011, CenturyLink took over the Northwestern Bell name and the operations. At that same time, CenturyLink replaced the Qwest name. 1928 Belgium–Netherlands women's athletics competition The 1928 Belgium–Netherlands women's athletics competition was an international women's athletics competition on 3 June 1928 at the Sports Parc of Royal Uccle Sport in Brussels, Belgium. While being held in Belgium, the competition was organized by the Royal Dutch Athletics Federation. The competition was the first international competition for Dutch women. It was organized to gain international experience in preparation for the 1928 Summer Olympics. The competition was won by the Netherlands with 50 points versus Belgium with 40 points. In general, the competition for the Netherlands was seen as a success, although there were also some setbacks. According to the Dutch media, the Belgians performed less well than expected with only setting one Belgian record by discus thrower Jenny Toitgans. During the competition Lien Gisolf set a new record in the high jump. With a jump over 1.582 metres she beated the old record of Green of 1.55 metres. Besides of that Ter Horst set a new Dutch national record in the 100 metres; Michael’s set a new Dutch record in the discus throw and Jenny Toitgans set a new Belgian record in the discus throw. Background and preparations. For the first time, women's athletic events would be held at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. As the Dutch women's didn't have international experience the Royal Dutch Athletics Federation organized two international competition. This competition against Belgium and a competition against West-Germany to gain the Dutch women international experience. Some athletes were trained ahead of the competition by B. Verwaal. Belgian women already had some international experience as they competed in an international competition organized by the Brussels Femina Club in Brussels at the Josephat Parc against France and Great Britain in 1927. The competition took place at the Sport Parc of Royal Uccle Sport. The field was was described as not very good being small, with a hard and uneven ground. In the morning of 3 June the Dutch national team traveled by train to Brussels together with Dutch officials and some supporters. From there the team travelled by car to the Sport Parc of Royal Uccle Sports. Duting the competition the Dutch team wore orange shorts and a white shirt with the Dutch lion. Competition format. The competition consisted of 5 events: 100 metres, 800 metres, 4x 100 metres relay, high jump and discus throw. The overall classification is a nation's classification. In the four individual events three athletes of each nation participated. The winner of the event received for the nation 6 points, the number 2 received 5 points, number 3 received 4 points etc. The nation winning the relay event wins 4 points and the other nation received 2 points. For the overall classication all points from each country are added together. Entrants. Twelve Dutch athlethes and eleven Belgian athletes were selected by the Royal Dutch Athletics Federation and Royal Belgian Athletics League and announced ahead of the competition. The Dutch Annie de Jong-Zondervan was reserve for the 4x 100 metres relay event but didn't compete. The competition had Dutch and Belgian jury members including D. J. de Vries, J. M. Hardeman and W. Boer. Competition. 800 metres. The competition started with the 800 metres event. The Belgian Ina Degrande won the race, 10 metres ahead of the the Dutch Jo Mallon. Mallon's performance was praised by the Dutch press. Agaath van Noort did not performed as expected, as she because she was not fit. Out of competition, the Dutch woman Jeanne van Kesteren who lived in Belgium finished second in a time of 2 minues and 46.3 seconds. Van Kesteren was invited for the international competition later the year in Germany and became a reserve athlete for the Netherlands at the 1928 Summer Olympics. The Netherlands won the 800 metres with 13 points, with Belgium scoring 8 points. 100 metres. The second event was the 100 metres. There were two times a false starts and the starting pistol faltered a few times. Bets ter Horst won the event in a new Dutch national record with a time of 13 seconds. The other two Dutch women finished second and third place. The Dutch former record holder Nettie Grooss finished in third place as she had a bad start, due to the false starts and faltering starter pistol. High jump. The high jump was won by Lien Gisolf in new world. With a jump over 1.582 metres she beated the old record of Green of 1.55 metres. Discus throw. The duscus throw event was won by the Belgian Jenny Toitgans in a new Belgian record of 30.18 metres. The Dutch women Lena Michaëlis also set a new national record with 26.83 metres. The former official Dutch record was of Martha Kolthoff with 23.84 metres with unrecognized throws of Nici Mür (24.11 metres) and L. Dekens (26.73 metres). 4x 100 metres relay. After the Dutch women finished first, second and third in the 100 metres event, the 4x 100 metres relay was according to the Dutch media "obviously" won by the Dutch team. The Dutch team set a time of 55 seconds, finishing 10 metres ahead of the Belgian team. Spotted crake The spotted crake ("Porzana porzana") is a bird in the Rallidae family. Little crake The Little crake ("Porzana parva") is a bird in the Rallidae family. First Lord of the Treasury The First Lord of the Treasury is the head of the commission exercising the ancient office of Lord High Treasurer in the United Kingdom, and is by convention also the prime minister. This office is not equivalent to the usual position of the "treasurer" in other governments; the closer equivalent of a treasurer in the United Kingdom is chancellor of the exchequer, who is the second lord of the Treasury. The Arab knight (Guillemin) The Arab knight or Le Chevalier guerrier arabe à cheval is a sculpture bronze equestrian statuette made in 1884 by Émile-Coriolan Guillemin and Alfred Barye. History. Creation. Guillemin's Arabian Knight, for its beauty and notoriety, saw many non-original copies, both made at the time, in the 1800s, and low-value reproductions and counterfeits, sometimes made in Asia. The original version of the Arab Knight made in France, original of the time, is on the contrary of great historical and artistic value and inestimable. Description. The work depicts an Arab horseman returning from hunting, a duck and a gazelle clinging to his chair, a rifle slung over his shoulder. It is signed “E. Guillemin and Barye Fils”. Exhibitions. It was exhibited at the Salon in the Louvre in 1884. Art market. At a Sotheby's auction in New York in 2008, "Femme Kabyle d'Algerie and Janissaire du Sultan Mahmoud II|Femme Kabyle d'Algerie and Janissaire du Sultan Mahmoud II de Guillemin" (1967), bronze, by Emile Guillemin was sold for 1,202,500 euros plus auction fees. Styling. The composition of the bronze horse "Arab Rider" was created on the basis of the naturalist movement. The statue is the most important of the so-called "Belle Epoque" in France. The bronze horse is plastic and elegant, with an extraordinary anatomical study showing it in the position in which it finds itself, with the left front leg elegantly raised, where the base of the muscles is stretched and contracted in action. No less important is the delicate sculpture of his heroic knight in which it is necessary to emphasize the incredible precision of the representation of the face, which is accompanied by the movement of the body on the horse. Orientalism is the Western fascination with exotic continents that became popular during the second half of the XIX century. Romantic portraits of African countries in contemporary literature and art, such as L'Africaine and Aida, foster this exoticism in European art. In the United States, the 1876 "Turkish Bazaar" at the Philadelphia Century Exhibition further increased its appeal with the "Turkish" or "Moorish" theme that persisted until the 1880s. Artists breaking away from the extreme monochrome of the Neoclassicism; making use of various bronzes, marbles, onyx and colored stones dipped in gold and silver, enriching the works of art, while maintaining a great interest in the ethnography of his material. Femme Kabyle d'Algerie and Janissaire du Sultan Mahmoud II (Guillemin) Femme Kabyle d'Algerie and Janissaire du Sultan Mahmoud II or Kabyle woman from Algeria and Janissary of Sultan Mahmoud II is a sculpture in bronze made in 1884 by Émile-Coriolan Guillemin. History. They are representative of the orientalist movement of the second half of the XIX. Creation. "Kabyle Woman of Algeria" and "Janissary of Sultan Mahmoud II" are bronze busts with silver, gold and polychrome patina with hard colored stone cabochons, on Levant marble bases, forming a pair. The female figure is signed "Guillemin/1884", and the male figure is signed "Éle Guillemin". Émile-Coriolan Guillemin specializes in works inspired by the Middle and Far East. His representations of Indian falconers (in collaboration with Alfred Barye), Turkish, Kurdish, Algerian or Japanese women established his reputation as an Orientalist sculptor of the mid 1870s. He exhibited for the last time at the Salon of 1899 and many of his works were purchased by the State. The Janissary was a member of an elite military corps, originally made up of prisoners of war, who protected the Ottoman Empire and held a high social position until they were abolished by Sultan Mahmoud II (died 1839). Due to their popularity and political powers, they made an interesting subject for portraiture. The female bust, "Kabyle Woman from Algeria", was exhibited for the first time at the Salon of 1884 with great success. The current pair is an example of the finely detailed polychrome sculpture for which Guillemin was best known. Exhibitions. It was exhibited at the Salon in the Louvre in 1884. Art market. At a Sotheby's auction in New York in 2008, "Female Kabyle of Algeria and Jannisary of Sultan Mahmoud II" (1967), bronze, by Emile Guillemin was sold for 1,202,500 euros plus auction fees. Styling. Orientalism is a movement reflecting the fascination of the West for the exoticism of Eastern lands, which became popular during the second half of the 19th century. Romantic portrayals of African countries in contemporary literature and operas, such as "L'Africaine" and "Aida", have encouraged this exoticism. In the United States, the 1876 Turkish Bazaar at Philadelphia Century Exhibition further heightened the fascination with Turkish or Moorish themes that lasted well into the 1880s. Orientalist themes allowed artists to break free from the monochromy of neo-classicism. Using a range of gilded and silvered bronze, marble, onyx and colored stones, they enrich their work while maintaining a keen ethnographic interest in their models. Culture of Vietnam The culture of Vietnam is very diverse. There are many cultures present with influences from many places. Beginning in the Bronze Age, Đông Sơn was an ancestor to Vietnam's ancient history. China ruled large portions of Vietnam during the 1000 years of Northern rule. Because of this, Vietnamese culture was heavily influenced by Chinese culture. Vietnam is often considered part of the East Asian cultural sphere with China, South Korea, North Korea, and Japan. After gaining independence from China in the 900s, Vietnam expanded to the South into the land of other people groups. This lead various cultural influences. Later, Vietnam became a French colony. Vietnam gained religious and linguistic influences from France. Characteristics of Vietnamese culture include the following: honoring one's ancestors, respecting the community and the family, manual labor and living at peace with nature. Striped crake The striped crake ("Aenigmatolimnas marginalis") is a bird in the Rallidae family. Adam Armstrong (footballer) Adam Armstrong (born February 10, 1997) is an English professional footballer. He plays as a striker for Premier League club Southampton. He currently has the No. 9 shirt for Southampton. Baldwin Locomotive Works Baldwin Locomotive Works (abbreviated: BLW) was an American manufacturing company of railroad locomotives from 1825 to 1951, originally located in Philadelphia but moving to Eddystone, Pennsylvania, for a long time it was the world's largest producer of steam locomotives, after the success of diesel locomotives began in the demand for them, in 1951 it would produce its last of 70,000 locomotives before merging with Lima-Hamilton to make way for the Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corporation. Shina people The Shina (Shin and Gilgiti also used) are a Dardic group who live in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. They live in the Gilgit region, while Baltis and the Burusho live in the Baltistan region. They speak Shina which is a Dardic language. The Shina migrated from Central Asia to South Asia during the second millennium BC. Some live in India, but they are still Muslims like the ones in Pakistan. Turvali The Turvali or Turwal (Torwali/Pashto: توروال) are a Dardic tribe who live in Swat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. They mostly live in the capital, Bahrain. They speak the Dardic language, Torwali. Some are Sunni Muslims while others are Shia. María Eugenia Suárez María Eugenia Suárez Riveiro (Born, March 9, 1992) also known as Eugenia Suárez or China Suárez is an Argentine actress, singer, model and fashion designer. Biography. She was born on March 9, 1992 in the city of Buenos Aires, the daughter of Guillermo Suárez and Marcela Riveiro Mitsumori. She has an older brother, Agustín. On the paternal side of her family, she has Spanish ancestry, from Galicia and Catalonia, while on her maternal side she has Japanese ancestry, from the Prefecture of Kōchi, since her maternal grandmother, Marta Mitsumori, is the daughter of Japanese immigrants born in Argentina. It is because of her Japanese roots that she is affectionately called "China", because according to Suárez herself, "Japonesa" was a very long nickname for her. In July 2013, she gave birth to her first daughter, Rufina Cabré Suárez, with her partner at the time, the Argentine actor Nicolás Cabré, In November 2013, she separated from the actor. In February 2018 she had her second daughter, Magnolia Vicuña Suárez, with Chilean actor Benjamín Vicuña. In July 2020 her third child was born, and second with Benjamín Vicuña, Amancio Vicuña Suárez. In August In 2021, Suárez broke off her relationship with the actor after six years. Come Dance with Me (TV series) Come Dance with Me is an American reality television dance competition show. It premiered on CBS on April 15, 2022. The show pairs young dancers with a family member that has supported their training. The pair will perform a dance together for a panel of judges before choosing who goes to the next round. The show was created by LL Cool J, Chris O'Donnell, and Reinout Oerlemans. Government of Argentina The Government of Argentina is a representative, republican and federal democracy. It is regulated by the current constitution. The President of Argentina is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the President. Overview. Argentina was formed by the federative union of the provinces that emerged after the dissolution of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, and by the incorporation of those that were constituted from the national territories established as a result of the conquest of large territories natives. Due to the federal nature of its political organization, Argentina has two parallel government structures: on the one hand, the national structure, with its three powers, and on the other hand the 23 provincial structures -which pre-exist the Nation- plus that of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, which have autonomy and are governed by three powers in each case. Headquarters. The authorities of the federal government have their headquarters in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. It is currently the "Capital of the Republic" or "Capital of the Nation", denominations used in the national Constitution and in the federalization law, but called the usual way Capital Federal. Wong Kito Galo Wong Kito Galo is a clump of ethnicities (nation) in the southeastern region of the Sumatra island which consists of various ethnic groups and speaks languages belonging to the Music language family. Terminology. Etymologically, the "Wong Kito Galo" is directly taken from Palembang language which means "shared community" literally, it can be interpreted similarly to the concept of "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika". Classification. This family (nation) is classified using the primordial method; where kinship ties, similarities between ethnicities, origin places, linguistic and customs are the benchmark factors in the classification. Ethnicities. Some of the ethnic groups included in the "Wong Kito Galo" family are: List of Greek states, dynasties, countries and territories This list is a list of Greek states, dynasties, countries and territories. States, dynasties and countries. also known as Eastern Roman Empire or Roman Empire Cool for the Summer Cool for the Summer is a 2015 single by Demi Lovato and is was released as the lead single to the 2015 album Confident. It went to number one in Greece, Israel and went to top 10 in Czech Republic, Lebanon, New Zealand, Scotland, the United Kingdom and went to top 20 in Australia, Canada, Ireland, Slovakia, Spain and the United States. Laurita Fernández Laura Inés Fernández (Born, December 18, 1990), better known as Laurita Fernández, is an Argentine dancer, choreographer, host, model and actress. She is mainly known for her participation in Showmatch, for hosting the youth program Combate, and being the host with the journalist Ángel de Brito in Cantando 2020 on El Trece. Biography. He was born and raised in the neighborhood of Mataderos, Buenos Aires, in a house on Fonrouge and Alberdi, together with his parents, Carlos Fernández and Inés Stork Banquer, and his younger sister, Gabriela. After the separation of her parents, she went to live with her mother in Liniers. Screaming Eggs Screaming Eggs is a 1999 live-action/animated short film the final episode of the From Merrie Melodies series. It was released on Warner Bros. Animation theatrical on February 12, 1999. This is last movie directed by Chuck Jones about foods getting killed by humans. This film is about a carton of anthropomorphic talking eggs getting killed by Bob Jennigs and Mel Blanc (archival recording) by crack and frying them. Plot. A carton of eggs realize that life isn't all it's cracked up to be. Goldsboro, Maryland Goldsboro is a town in Caroline County, Maryland, United States. Greensboro, Maryland Greensboro is a town in Caroline County, Maryland, United States. Henderson, Maryland Henderson is a town in Caroline County, Maryland, United States. Hillsboro, Maryland Hillsboro is a town in Caroline County, Maryland, United States. Ministry of Defense (Argentina) The Ministry of Defense (; MINDEF) is an agency of the Government of Argentina that assists and advises the President of the Argentine Nation in everything related to national defense and the Armed Forces. It was created on June 13, 1958 with the promulgation of the Law of the National Congress called "Ministries" which was taken from the antecedent of the Ministry of Defense that Juan Domingo Perón had created and that was suppressed in 1954. The current Minister of Defense is Jorge Taiana, appointed by President Alberto Fernández on August 10, 2021. List of programs broadcast by Nick at Nite The following is a list of programs broadcast by the American nighttime block Nick at Nite. Television specials. Occasionally, episodes of "Rugrats" and "SpongeBob SquarePants" have aired regularly or as marathons during Nick at Nite special events in the 1990s and 2000s. This has also occurred during crossovers with Nickelodeon special programming where the Nickelodeon programming runs into the regular Nick at Nite timeslot. A 30-year reunion special of "Double Dare" aired on November 23, 2016. Regular marathons occur on Nick at Nite. Usually when a show debuts, it receives an all-night or a week-long marathon. Seasonal marathons also occur for holidays such as Valentine's Day, St. Patrick's Day, Mother's Day, Father's Day, Halloween, Thanksgiving, and Christmas. On June 17, 2019, Nick at Nite aired a simulcast of the 2019 MTV Movie & TV Awards for the first time, along with many of its sister networks. On August 26, it also aired a simulcast of the 2019 MTV Video Music Awards for the first time. In December 2019, Nick at Nite began airing a marathon of "Friends" to celebrate the show's 25 year anniversary since its finale throughout half of Nick at Nite's regular programming time. Nick at Nite aired a simulcast of the widely distributed "" on April 18, 2020. Notes. 1 Indicates program that had also been broadcast on Nickelodeon.<br> 2 Indicates program that had also been broadcast on NickMom.<br> 3 Indicates program that is/had also been on TV Land.<br> 4 Indicates program that aired as part of Nick at Nite's 20 Years. From Genesis to Revelation From Genesis to Revelation is the debut studio album by Genesis. The album was released on March 7, 1969. Systematic element name Systematic names is of IUPAC naming of discovered elements like element 106 and beyond. nil=0 un=1 bi=2 tri=3 quad=4 pent=5 hex=6 sept=7 oct=8 enn=9 like element 110's older name which was ununnilium and that means 110, same story for 118 ununoctium means 118 Alpha Coronae Borealis Alpha Coronae Borealis or Alphecca is the brightest star in the constellation Corona Borealis. It is a binary star in which a yellow star like our Sun orbits a larger white one. 1928 Germany–Netherlands women's athletics competition The 1928 Germany–Netherlands women's athletics competition was an international women's athletics competition on 24 June 1928 in Lennep (near Elberfeld), Germany. The competition was the second international competition for Dutch women after the 1928 Belgium–Netherlands women's athletics competition three weeks earlier. The competition was organized as a "try-out" for the Olympics but moreover to gain international experience in preparation for the 1928 Summer Olympics. The competition was won by the Netherlands with 48 points versus Germany with 42 points. Background and preparations. For the first time, women's athletic events would be held at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. As the Dutch women's didn't have international experience the Royal Dutch Athletics Federation organized two international competition. Two international competitions that included the 5 Olympic events for women were organised to gain the international experience. The coach of the team was B. Verwaal. On 24 June, the day of the competition, the Dutch national athletes travelled by train to Oberhousen together with coach B. Verwaal and jury members J. M. Hardeman and D. J. de Vries. Competition format. The competition consisted of 5 events: 100 metres, 800 metres, 4x 100 metres relay, high jump and discus throw. The overall classification is a nation's classification. In the four individual events three athletes of each nation participated. The winner of the event received for the nation 6 points, the number 2 received 5 points, number 3 received 4 points etc. The nation winning the relay event wins 4 points and the other nation received 2 points. For the overall classication all points from each country are added together. Entrants. The Twelve Dutch athlethes were selected by the Royal Dutch Athletics Federation and announced ahead of the competition. The competition had Dutch and German jury members including from the Netherlands D. J. de Vries and J. M. Hardeman. Competition. The competition was opened with a presentation of the teams followed with speaches of the mayor of Lennep, representatives of the Westdeutscher Spiel-Verband and a reply of D. J. de Vries. 100 metres. There was a head wind during the 100 metres. Just as at the 1928 Belgium–Netherlands women's athletics competition‎, the three Dutchwomen won the event. Now with Nettie Grooss, who had in bad start in the Belgian competition, in first place. In different sources the places of German women are in different positions. 800 metres. The 800 metres event was won by German Elfriede Werner. The Dutch Jo Mallon who finished second also recieived tribute in the newspaper about her time. High jump. World champion Lien Gisolf won the high jump event after jumping 1.45 metres. After this result the high jump event stopped, while Gisolf might have been able to jump higher. Discus throw. Grete Heublein won the discus throw event ahead of Hilde Krewett and Lena Michaëlis. Different newspapers lists different distances. Below are the results listed of newspaper Het Vaderland, as in other sources the distance of the 6th place is further compared to the 5th place and so unlikely to be correct. The Kid Laroi Charlton Kenneth Jeffrey Howard (born 17 August 2003), known professionally as the Kid Laroi, is an Australian rapper and singer. He is the winner of many awards, including two ARIA Music Awards, five "Billboard" Music Awards, an iHeartRadio Music Award, and nominations for two Grammy Awards and three MTV Video Music Awards. Career. Early years. Howard began to record rap music over beats on his mother's phone and uploading them to SoundCloud. In an interview with Triple J, Howard said that the first rap name he gave himself was "FC6". In 2015, Howard formed the duo "Dream$Team" with Adelaide rapper DJ Marcus Jr., who became his mentor and support. They recorded songs together and performed to local audiences as DJ Marcus Jr. guided him through promoting, recording and developing buzz. Beast (2022 American movie) Beast is a 2022 American survival thriller movie directed by Baltasar Kormákur from a screenplay by Ryan Engle. It is based on a story by Jaime Primak Sullivan. The movie stars Idris Elba, Sharlto Copley, Iyana Halley, Leah Sava Jeffries, and Riley Keough. "Beast" was released in the United States on August 19, 2022, by Universal Pictures. Mickey Mouse (TV series) Mickey Mouse is an animated comedy television series. Broadcast. As of March 2014, a total of 100 million viewers in the United States had seen the series, and it was airing in 160 countries. As of June 2014, the show, translated in 34 languages, had reached over 135 million viewers worldwide. Theme park attraction. A Mickey Mouse-themed attraction, titled "Mickey & Minnie's Runaway Railway", replaced The Great Movie Ride at Disney's Hollywood Studios at Walt Disney World in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. This attraction was also announced to open at the Mickey's Toontown section of Disneyland at the Disneyland Resort for a planned 2023 opening date in Anaheim, California. The attraction is the third Mickey Mouse-themed attraction at any Disney property worldwide, only behind The Mickey Mouse Revue and Mickey's Philharmagic, directly based on the series and involves guests watching the premiere of a new Mickey Mouse cartoon and then entering the cartoon itself. The show's creative team, including Paul Rudish, Joseph Holt and composer Christopher Willis, collaborated with Walt Disney Imagineering to create the attraction, which opened on March 4, 2020, at Disney's Hollywood Studios. Blackslough Blackslough is a forest and former village on a hill near Wincanton in Somerset. The area has also been called, Blackslough Wood, or Black Slough. In the wood their used to be a farm called Blackslough Farm and a lodge called Blackslough Lodge. Blackslough is now deserted and nobody lives there, there is also almost no proof that the settlement existed. Blackslough is near the mouth of a small stream. The area is now filled with paths, fences and a gate to the former farmland. Telebimbi Telebimbi is a Canadian Category B-exempt Italian language specialty channel owned by TLN Media Group. Telebimbi broadcasts for children in addition to select family-oriented programming. Programming. Telebimbi broadcasts programming for kids of all ages, as well as family-oriented programming. Trailer Horn Trailer Horn is a 1950 animated short film featuring Donald Duck and Chip 'n' Dale. It was produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures, Inc. Home media. The short was released on December 11, 2007 on "". Mumble rap Mumble rap (often referred to as "SoundCloud rap") is a loosely defined microgenre of hip hop that became popular on the online audio distribution platform SoundCloud in the mid-2010s. The term implies a mumbling or unclear vocal delivery by artists. It may generally refer to rappers who do not share the genre's traditional emphasis on lyricism. A notable mumble rapper is Future. Starfall (website) Starfall is a children's website that teaches basic English reading and writing skills and preschoolers. The Chicken Squad The Chicken Squad is an American computer-animated children's television series. It was created by Tom Rogers that premiered on Disney Junior on May 14, 2021. It is based on the books written by Doreen Cronin. The series features the voices of Yvette Nicole Brown, Ramone Hamilton, Gabriella Graves and Maxwell Simkins. The series theme song is performed by former "Kids Incorporated" star Renee Sands.<ref> Univision Tlnovelas Univision tlnovelas is a Spanish language American cable television network dedicated to broadcasting telenovelas. It is owned by TelevisaUnivision USA. The channel launched on March 1, 2012. Ecuador slender-legged tree frog The Ecuador slender-legged tree frog ("Osteocephalus verruciger") is a frog. It lives Ecuador and Colombia. Scientists have seen it between 1400 and 2000 meters above sea level. The adult male frog is 44.3–53.9 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 45.5–70.0 mm long. The male frog has olive colored skin on its back. The female frog has dark brown skin on its back. The place where the legs meet the body and the upper front legs are dark brown. There is dark red-brown color on the feet. The throat is cream in color. The belly is red-bronze in color with dark brown marks. This frog lives in secondary forest on rainy mountains and in open areas. VIETV VIETV is an American Vietnamese-language broadcast television network based in Houston, Texas. The network began broadcasting over-the-air in Houston in 2011. Affiliates broadcasting. It has since started affiliates broadcasting in Los Angeles, California, Orange County, California, San Francisco, California, San Jose, California, Dallas, Texas, Atlanta, Georgia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Boston, Massachusetts, and Washington, D.C. The Houston, Dallas, Los Angeles, and San Jose affiliates are also available in live streaming video on the Vietv.com website. The network has created the UNO IP IPTV set-top box for viewing their content on televisions outside their broadcast area. Locations. VIETV has six studios. This includes their headquarters in Houston and locations in Southern California, Northern California, Boston, and Philadelphia. Original programming on VIETV includes the "Evening NEWS" and "NEWS @ Nite" programs, the "It's Your Birthday" children's show, "Cooking with Chef Cam-Yuet", "Beauty by Tiffani", "World Travel", and "The Law & Legal Issues", hosted by VIETV president Robert Pham. Barney and the Backyard Gang Barney and the Backyard Gang (also known as Barney) is an American live action animated series that aired from August 29, 1988 to August 1, 1991. It started as a series of home videos and then in 1991, Barney and Friends began production. The home videos were filmed in Allen, Texas in the 80s to Dallas, Texas in the 90s. In 1991, Barney and The Backyard Gang performed at The Majestic Theatre in Dallas, Texas. The Backyard Gang kids are Michael, Amy, Lucy, Tina, Jason, (replaced by Derek) and Adam (replaced by Jeffrey in one (episode). The show aired on Disney Channel for it's Music Box Program in 1990 and the concert special aired on PBS part of the Barney & Friends: Family Marathon in 1993. DisneyNow DisneyNow (stylized as DisneyNOW) is a TV Everywhere app for Disney Channel, Disney Junior, and Disney XD. It launched on September 29, 2017. Smokeless tobacco Smokeless tobacco is a tobacco product that is used in ways other than smoking. Their use includes chewing, sniffing, or placing the product between gum and the cheek or lip. Smokeless tobacco products are produced in various forms, such as chewing tobacco, snuff, snus, and dissolvable tobacco products. Smokeless tobacco products typically contain over 3000 constituents. All smokeless tobacco products contain nicotine and are highly addictive because of this. Quitting smokeless tobacco use is as difficult as quitting normal smoking. TV Everywhere TV Everywhere (also known as authenticated streaming or authenticated video on-demand) is a type of subscription business model. 1929 Netherlands–Germany women's athletics competition The 1929 Netherlands–Germany women's athletics competition was an international women's athletics competition on 14 July 1929 in Gouda, the Netherlands. The athletes from Germany were from West-Germany. The competition was won by the Netherlands with 45.4 points versus Germany with 40.5 points. During the competition Heublein set a new world record in shot put. Three dutch national records were broken, in the 80 m hurdles by Annie de Jong-Zondervan; in the javelin throw by Leny Rombout and in the 4x 100 metres relay. Competition format. The competition consisted of 8 individual events and a relay event. The overall classification is a nation's classification. In the individual events two athletes of each nation participated. The winner of the event received for the most points, with every other place one point less. For the overall classication, all points scored by the athlete from each country are added together. Entrants. The Dutch athlethes selected by the Royal Dutch Athletics Federation, and the West-German athletes were announced ahead of the competition. In "italic" the athletes that were not at this entrants list, but are in the final results. Philo (company) Philo (formerly Tivli) is an American internet television company currently based in San Francisco, California. Raul Nicolau Gonçalves Archbishop Raul Nicolau Gonçalves (15 June 1927 – 1 July 2022) was an Indian prelate. He was the first Catholic Goan to be Archbishop of Goa and Patriarch of the East Indies. He was the archbishop emeritus of Goa. Richard Taruskin Richard Filler Taruskin (April 2, 1945 – July 1, 2022) was an American musicologist and music critic. He was the best known music historians of his generation. He wrote for "The New York Times". He is best known for his survey of Western classical music, the six-volume "Oxford History of Western Music". He also won the Kyoto Prize in 2017. Taruskin died from esophageal cancer at a hospital in Oakland, California, on July 1, 2022, aged 77. Alain de Cadenet Alain de Cadenet (27 November 1945 – 2 July 2022) was an English television presenter and racing driver. He was known for racing in 15 24 Hours of Le Mans races during the 1970s and 1980s. He came in third place in 1976. De Cadenet died on 2 July 2022 from bile duct cancer, aged 76. Miguel Etchecolatz Miguel Osvaldo Etchecolatz (1 May 1929 – 2 July 2022) was a Argentine police officer. He worked in the Buenos Aires Provincial Police during the first years of the military dictatorship of the 1970s. Etchecolatz was involved in the National Reorganization Process ("El proceso"). He was first convicted in 1986 of crimes committed during this period. He was known for being part of mass murders during the Dirty War. Jane Garrett Jane Furneaux Garrett (16 March 1973 – 2 July 2022) was an Australian politician. She was the Labor Party member for Brunswick in the Victorian Legislative Assembly from 2010 until 2018. She later became a member of the Victorian Legislative Council representing Eastern Victoria. In November 2016, Garrett was diagnosed with breast cancer. She died in Melbourne, Australia on 2 July 2022 from the disease, aged 49. Discovery Life Discovery Life is an American cable television network owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. Laurent Noël Laurent Noël (March 19, 1920 – July 2, 2022) was a Canadian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was bishop of Diocese of Trois-Rivières from 1975 to 1996. Noël was born in Saint-Just-de-Bretenières, Quebec. He became a priest in 1944. After the death of Damián Iguacén Borau on 24 November 2020, he became the oldest living Catholic bishop. After the death of Remi De Roo on 1 February 2022, he became the last surviving Canadian bishop to be part of the Second Vatican Council. Saúl Rivero Saúl Lorenzo Rivero Rocha (23 July 1954 – 2 July 2022) was a Uruguayan football player and manager. He played as a midfielder. Rivero made nine appearances for the Uruguay national team from 1974 to 1976. Leonid Shvartsman Leonid Aronovich Shvartsman (born Izrail Aronovich Shvartsman, ; 30 August 1920 – 2 July 2022) was a Soviet and Russian animator and visual artist. He was known for his works in "Cheburashka", "38 Parrots", "The Golden Antelope", "The Scarlet Flower" and "The Snow Queen". Shvartsman died on 2 July 2022 in Moscow, Russia at the age of 101. Irving Abella Irving Martin Abella (July 2, 1940 – July 3, 2022) was a Canadian historian. He was a professor at York University from 1968 to 2013. His works focused in the history of the Jews in Canada and the Canadian labour movement. Abella died on July 3, 2022, one day after his 82nd birthday. Robert Curl Robert Floyd Curl Jr. (August 23, 1933 – July 3, 2022) was an American chemist. He was a professor of Natural Sciences and Professor of Chemistry at Rice University. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1996 for the discovery of the nanomaterial buckminsterfullerene. Curl died in Houston, Texas on July 3, 2022, at the age of 88. Ni Kuang Ni Cong (30 May 1935 – 3 July 2022), courtesy name Yiming, better known by his pen name Ni Kuang (also romanised Ngai Hong, I Kuang and Yi Kuang), was a Hong Kong novelist and screenwriter. He wrote over 300 Chinese-language novels, and more than 400 movie scripts. His best known movies were "One-Armed Swordsman" (1967) and "The Seventh Curse" (1986). He was born in Shanghai. Ni died on 3 July 2022 in Hong Kong from skin cancer, aged 87. Ministry of Security (Argentina) The Ministry of Security is a public body in charge of planning national internal security policies and managing and coordinating federal forces. It was created by decree of the Executive Power of the Nation on December 10, 2010, after separating from the Ministry of Justice. It is currently directed by Aníbal Fernández. The ministry is in charge of the Argentine Federal Police, the Airport Security Police, the Federal Council for Internal Security, the Argentine Naval Prefecture and the Argentine National Gendarmerie. Sérgio Paulo Rouanet Sérgio Paulo Rouanet (23 February 1934 – 3 July 2022) was a Brazilian politician, philosopher, essayist, and scholar. He was the Secretary of Culture between 1991 and 1992. Rouanet was a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from 1992 to his death. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rouanet died from problems caused by Parkinson's disease on 3 July 2022, in Rio de Janeiro at the age of 88. Barbara Freitag Barbara Freitag-Rouanet (born 26 November 1941) is a German-born Brazilian sociologist, author, and academic. She works at Universidade de Brasília. Sergey Sosnovsky Sergey Valentinovich Sosnovsky (; 1 January 1955 – 3 July 2022) was a Soviet and Russian actor. He was honored with the People's Artist of Russia in 2004. He appeared in 100 movies. His best known roles were in "To Live", "Metro", "The Factory", "One Breath" and "Doctor Lisa". Sosnovsky died on 3 July 2022 in Moscow, Russia at the age of 67. Polar Trappers Polar Trappers is a 1938 Donald Duck and Goofy cartoon set in the South Pole, where the duo are trapping polar animals (or at least, attempting to). This is the first cartoon where Donald Duck and Goofy appear without Mickey Mouse. Ye Olden Days Ye Olden Days is a 1933 animated short film. It was released as part of the "Mickey Mouse" film series. It was directed by Burt Gillett and produced by Walt Disney. It was the 55th Mickey Mouse short film, and the fifth of that year. 1991 the walt disney company. Dusky moorhen The Dusky moorhen ("Gallinula tenebrosa") is a bird in the Rallidae family. Water rail The Water rail ("Rallus aquaticus") is a bird in the Rallidae family. Alan Blaikley Alan Tudor Blaikley (23 March 1940 – 4 July 2022) was an English songwriter and composer. He was best known for writing the UK number one singles "Have I the Right?" and "The Legend of Xanadu". He also wrote the theme music for the BBC's long-running series of Agatha Christie's "Miss Marple". Remco Campert Remco Campert (28 July 1929 – 4 July 2022) was a Dutch author, poet and columnist. Between 1949 and 1952 Campert drew cartoons for the Dutch magazine "Mandrill" and "Het Parool" and in the 1970s for "Haagse Post". In 1979 he drew comics for NRC Handelsblad. Hank Goldberg Henry Edward Goldberg (July 4, 1940 – July 4, 2022) was an American sports radio and television personality. He was the radio color commentator for the Miami Dolphins from 1978 to 1992. He also worked at WIOD, WTVJ and ESPN in 1993. Goldberg died at his home in Las Vegas, Nevada on July 4, 2022 from kidney failure and diabetes on his 82nd birthday. Paolo Grossi (judge) Paolo Grossi (29 January 1933 – 4 July 2022) was an Italian politician and lawyer. He was President of the Constitutional Court of Italy between 24 February 2016 and 23 February 2018. Grossi was a judge on the Court from 23 February 2009 to 23 February 2018. Grossi was born in Florence, Italy. Grossi died on 4 July 2022 in Florence, aged 89. Mona Hammond Mona Hammond (born Mavis Chin; 1 January 1931 – 4 July 2022) was a Jamaican-British actress. She was the co-founder of the Talawa Theatre Company. She was best known for her work on British television and played Blossom Jackson in the BBC soap opera "EastEnders". Hammond was made an OBE in the 2005 Queen's Birthday Honours List. Hammond died on 4 July 2022, at the age of 91. Cláudio Hummes Cláudio Hummes, OFM (; born Auri Alfonso Hummes; 8 August 1934 – 4 July 2022) was a Brazilian prelate of the Catholic Church. He was prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy from 2006 to 2010. He was the Archbishop of Fortaleza from 1996 to 1998 and Archbishop of São Paulo from 1998 to 2006. He became a cardinal in 2001. Hummes died on 4 July 2022 in São Paulo, Brazil from lung cancer. He was 87. Janusz Kupcewicz Janusz Bogdan Kupcewicz (9 December 1955 – 4 July 2022) was a Polish professional footballer. He played as a midfielder. He was seen as one of the best Polish players during his time. He played with the Poland national football team from 1976 to 1983, making twenty appearances. He played for the team during the 1982 World Cup. Kupcewicz died on 4 July 2022 in Gdańsk, Poland from a stroke caused by diabetes at the age of 66. Mohammed Barkindo Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo (20 April 1959 – 5 July 2022) was a Nigerian politician. From 1 August 2016 until his death, he was the Secretary General of OPEC. Barkindo died on 5 July 2022 in Abuja, Nigeria from a heart attack at the age of 63. Abdallah Salem el-Badri Abdalla Salem el-Badri (born 25 May 1940) is a Libyan politician. He was Chairman of the National Oil Corporation (NOC), Minister of Petroleum, Minister of Energy, Minister of Management, and Deputy Prime Minister. He was also the longest-serving Secretary General of OPEC being in the role in 1994 and then 2007 to 2016. Subroto (politician) Subroto (born 19 September 1923) is an Indonesian politician and economist. He was the Minister of Energy and Natural Resources between 1978 and 1988, and Secretary General of OPEC between 1988 and 1994. OPEC siege On December 21, 1975, six military officials attacked a meeting of OPEC leaders in Vienna, Austria. The attackers took more than 60 hostages after killing an Austrian policeman, an Iraqi OPEC security officer, and a Libyan economist. Many other individuals were wounded. The self-named "Arm of the Arab Revolution" group was led by Carlos the Jackal. The siege caused in complex diplomatic negotiations. It ended two days later, after flights to Algiers and Tripoli, with all the hostages and terrorists walking away from the situation. Since this was one of the first times that Arab states were targeted by terrorists also led to them being more active in antiterrorism efforts at the United Nations. Manny Charlton Manuel Charlton (25 July 1941 – 5 July 2022) was a Scottish hard rock guitarist. He was the founding member of the Scottish hard rock band Nazareth and was their lead guitarist from 1968 to 1990. Charlton died on 5 July 2022 at the age of 80. Richard J. Bernstein Richard Jacob Bernstein (May 14, 1932 – July 4, 2022) was an American philosopher and academic. He taught at The New School for Social Research. He wrote about American pragmatism, neopragmatism, critical theory, deconstruction, social philosophy, political philosophy, and Hermeneutics. Bernstein died in New York City on July 4, 2022 at the age of 90. Chris Chittell Christopher John Chittell (born 19 May 1948) is an English actor, known for portraying the role of Eric Pollard in the ITV soap opera "Emmerdale", which he has played continuously since 1986. He is the longest-serving cast member in the shows history. Bryan Marchment Bryan William Marchment (May 1, 1969 – July 6, 2022) was a Canadian ice hockey defenceman. He played in the National Hockey League for the Winnipeg Jets, Chicago Blackhawks, Hartford Whalers, Edmonton Oilers, Tampa Bay Lightning, San Jose Sharks, Colorado Avalanche, Toronto Maple Leafs, and Calgary Flames between 1989 and 2006. Marchment died on July 6, 2022, in Montreal, Canada at the age of 53. Arnaldo Pambianco Arnaldo Pambianco (16 August 1935 – 6 July 2022) was an Italian professional road racing cyclist. He won in the 1961 Giro d'Italia. He competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics and came in seventh place. Bertinoro Bertinoro () is a town and "comune" in the province of Forlì-Cesena, Emilia-Romagna (Italy). It is located on hill Mount Cesubeo, in Romagna. Blacktip reef shark The blacktip reef shark ("Carcharhinus melanopterus") is a species of shark, in the family Carcharhinidae. They live in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. They are found in shallow, inshore waters. They are usually . Good Morning, Mickey! Good Morning, Mickey! is an American animated television series produced by Walt Disney Television Animation. It was first aired on April 18, 1983 when Disney Channel was launched. It was one of the Disney Channel's first original programs, and the first program to air at the channel's launch. It featured Disney animated shorts. Although Mickey Mouse shorts were the primary programming, additional cartoons featuring Goofy, Donald Duck, Chip 'n' Dale, Pluto, and others were also shown. Its time-slot for its early run was at 7 a.m. Eastern/Pacific Time, making it the first program of The Disney Channel's 16 (later 18) hour programming day. Later on, its time-slot was changed to 7:30 a.m. ET/PT, making it the second program of the channel's programming day. A similar show that premiered later on The Disney Channel was "Donald Duck Presents". "Good Morning, Mickey!" was replaced by "Mickey's Mouse Tracks" in 1992. Home media. This show was released on VHS PAL in the UK as part of a six-volume set which also each featured an episode of "Welcome to Pooh Corner", "The Mouse Factory", "Donald Duck Presents" and "Mousercise". Each tape contained one Disney cartoon short. Kazuki Takahashi was a Japanese manga artist and game creator. He was best known for creating "Yu-Gi-Oh!". On July 6, 2022, Takahashi was found dead off the shore of Nago, Japan. Takahashi had been wearing snorkeling gear at the time of his death. It was discovered that he was attacked by a Blacktip reef shark and drowned on July 4, 2022. İlter Türkmen İlter Türkmen (8 November 1927 – 6 July 2022) was a Turkish politician. He was born in Istanbul, Turkey. He was the minister of foreign affairs from 1980 to 1983. Türkmen died on 6 July 2022 in Istanbul at the age of 94. Jim Van Pelt James S. Van Pelt (November 11, 1935 – July 2, 2022) was an American and Canadian Football player. He played at the quarterback position for the University of Michigan from 1955 to 1957. He played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in the Canadian Football League in 1958 and 1959. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. Van Pelt died on July 2, 2022 in Winnetka, Illinois from problems caused by Alzheimer's disease at the age of 86. Tricia (elephant) Tricia (24 January 1957 – 6 July 2022) was an Asian elephant. She lived at the Perth Zoo in Perth, Western Australia. She lived to be one of the oldest Asian elephants in the world. Tricia was born in Saigon. Tricia died on 6 July 2022 at the Perth Zoo at the age of 65. July–September 2022 Conservative Party (UK) leadership election The July - September 2022 Conservative Party leadership election was to elect Boris Johnson's successor as leader of the Conservative Party. After the government crisis Johnson announced his resignation on 7 July 2022. The election was held between 12 July 2022 and 5 September 2022. Liz Truss won and became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Candidates. Withdrew before voting. The following MPs announced that they would seek the leadership of the Conservative Party but subsequently did not stand, or withdrew from the race, due to insufficient support or other reasons before the first ballot was cast: Declined. The following Conservative Party politicians publicly ruled themselves out of standing: Nadhim Zahawi Nadhim Zahawi (; born 2 June 1967) is an Iraqi-born British politician who is currently Chairman of the Conservative Party and Minister without Portfolio since 25 October 2022. He was the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 6 September to 25 October 2022. He was the Chancellor of the Exchequer from July 2022 to September 2022. He is a member of the Conservative Party. He has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Stratford-on-Avon since 2010. Zahawi was Secretary of State for Education from 2021 to 2022 and Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for COVID-19 Vaccine Deployment from 2020 to 2021. In July 2022, Zahawi announced his candidacy to be Leader of the Conservative Party in the leadership race to replace Boris Johnson. He was eliminated from the election in the first round of voting on 13 July. Suella Braverman Sue-Ellen Cassiana "Suella" Braverman (; born 3 April 1980) is a British politician and lawyer. She has been the Home Secretary since 25 October 2022. She was in the same role before under Liz Truss from 6 September to 14 October 2022. She was the Attorney General for England and Wales from 2020 to 2022. She has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Fareham since 2015. She is a member of the Conservative Party. In July 2022, Braverman announced her candidacy for Leader of the Conservative Party in the leadership election to replace Boris Johnson. She was eliminated in the sound round of voting on 14 July 2022. Braverman resigned as Home Secretary on 19 October 2022. She said this was because she had made an "honest mistake" by sharing an official document from her personal email address with a colleague in Parliament. In her resignation letter she criticized the leadership of Truss. When Rishi Sunak replaced Truss as prime minister, he picked Braverman as Home Secretary again. Jake Berry Sir James Jacob Gilchrist Berry (born 29 December 1978) is a British Conservative Party politician and former solicitor who was Chairman of the Conservative Party and Minister without Portfolio from 6 September to 25 October 2022. He was Minister for the Northern Powerhouse, from 2017 to 2020, in the governments of Theresa May and Boris Johnson. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Rossendale and Darwen since 2010. Grant Shapps Grant Shapps (born 14 September 1968) is a British politician for the Conservative Party who has been the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy since 25 October 2022. He was the Home Secretary from 19 October 2022 to 25 October 2022. He has also been a Member of Parliament (MP) for Welwyn Hatfield since 2005. In July 2022, Shapps unsuccessfully ran to be Leader of the Conservative Party in the leadership race to replace Boris Johnson. Steve Barclay Stephen Paul Barclay (born 3 May 1972) is a British politician who is the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care since 25 October 2022 in the Rishi Sunak government. Barclay was Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union from 2018 to 2020, Chief Secretary to the Treasury from 2020 to 2021, Minister for the Cabinet Office and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 2021 to 2022, and Downing Street Chief of Staff from 5 February 2022 until 5 July 2022. He was the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care from 7 July 2022 until 6 September 2022. He is a member of the Conservative Party. He has been Member of Parliament (MP) for North East Cambridgeshire since 2010. Tobias Ellwood Tobias Martin Ellwood (born 12 August 1966) is a British Conservative Party politician, soldier and author. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bournemouth East since 2005. On 2 February 2022, Ellwood stated he would be sending the 1922 Committee a letter of no confidence in Boris Johnson. 2022 Karakalpak protests Protests broke out in the autonomous region of Karakalpakstan in Uzbekistan on 1 July 2022 over proposed amendments by Shavkat Mirziyoyev, the Uzbek President, to the Constitution of Uzbekistan. The proposed change would have ended Karakalpakstan's status as an autonomous region of Uzbekistan and right to leave Uzbekistan. Karakalpakstan Karakalpakstan is an autonomous republic within Uzbekistan. It is in the northwestern part of Uzbekistan. The capital is Nukus. Nukus Nukus ( / ; / ; / ) is the sixth-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of the autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan. The population of Nukus as of January 1, 2022 was 329,100. 2022 New South Wales floods Heavy flooding in the Central Coast and Sydney areas of New South Wales, Australia, began in early July 2022. Around 85,000 people were quickly forced out of their homes by the flooding. 2022 Copenhagen mall shooting On 3 July 2022, a mass shooting happened at the Field's shopping mall in Copenhagen, Denmark. It kielled three people and critically wounding four others. The perpetrator, a Danish man, had a history of mental illness. The mass shooting is the first in Denmark since the 2015 Copenhagen shootings. Lysychansk Lysychansk ( ; ) is a city in the Sievierodonetsk Raion of the Luhansk Oblast in Ukraine. UEFA Women's Euro 2022 The 2022 UEFA European Women's Football Championship, commonly called UEFA Women's Euro 2022 or simply WEURO 2022, was the 13th UEFA Women's Championship, an international football championship organised by UEFA for the women's national teams of Europe. The tournament was hosted by England and was first going to happen from 7 July to 1 August 2021. However, after the COVID-19 pandemic, the tournament was rescheduled and happened from 6 to 31 July 2022. England won the tournament, beating Germany in the final. Georgia Guidestones The Georgia Guidestones were a granite monument in Elbert County, Georgia, United States, and first erected in 1980. The monument was tall, made from six granite slabs weighing in all. The structure was sometimes known as an "American Stonehenge" or "Georgia's Stonehenge". On the morning of July 6, 2022, the guidestones were heavily damaged in a bombing. Later that day, officials demolished the standing parts of the structure for safety reasons. Hugo Duminil-Copin Hugo Duminil-Copin (born 26 August 1985) is a French mathematician. His works focused in probability theory. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 2022. June Huh June Huh (; born 1983) is an American mathematician. He is a professor at Princeton University. He was a professor at Stanford University and the Institute for Advanced Studies. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 2022. He is known for finding the link between algebraic geometry and combinatorics. Anna Eshoo Anna A. Georges Eshoo ( ; born December 13, 1942) is an American politician. She is the U.S. representative from , since 1993. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She is the only Assyrian American in Congress and one of only two Armenian-American women in Congress. 1+1 International 1+1 International is an international TV channel aimed at the Ukrainian diaspora. Yountville, California Yountville ( or ) is a city in Napa County, California. The population was 3,436 at the 2020 census. Rulon Jeffs Rulon Timpson Jeffs (December 6, 1909 – September 8, 2002), known to followers as Uncle Rulon, was an American religious leader. He was the President of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS Church) from 1986 until his death in 2002. He was the father of later FLDS Church leader and convicted felon Warren Jeffs. He was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. Jeffs had over 65 wives and as many as 65 children. Jeffs died on September 8, 2002 in St. George, Utah from problems caused by a stroke, aged 92. Warren Jeffs Warren Steed Jeffs (born December 3, 1955) is an American religious leader and criminal. He is a convicted sex offender. He is the ex-president of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS Church). In 2011, he was convicted of two felony counts of child sexual assault. He is serving a life sentence plus twenty years. Sexual abuse crimes. In 2006, Jeffs was placed on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted List because he had arranged illegal marriages between his adult supporters and underage girls in Utah. In 2007, Arizona charged him with eight other counts in two separate cases, including incest and sexual conduct with minors. In September 2007, Jeffs was convicted of two counts of rape as an accomplice. However this was overturned in 2010. Jeffs was extradited to Texas, where he was found guilty for raping a 15-year-old he had married and for raping a 12-year-old he had married, for which he was sentenced to life in prison plus twenty years and fined $10,000. Personal life. He was born in Sacramento, California. His father was Rulon Jeffs. Jeffs had as many as 78 wives. Ruja Ignatova Ruja Ignatova (Bulgarian: Ружа Игнатова) (born 30 May 1980) is a Bulgarian-German convicted fraudster. She is best known as the founder of a Ponzi scheme known as OneCoin. Since 2017, Ignatova has been on the run from international law enforcement agencies. In early 2019, she was charged "in absentia" by U.S. authorities for wire fraud, securities fraud and money laundering. She was added to the FBI Ten Most Wanted in June 2022. Eugene Palmer (criminal) Eugene K. Palmer (born April 4, 1939) is an American fugitive who was added to the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list on May 29, 2019. He is wanted for shooting and killing his daughter-in-law, Tammy Palmer, on September 24, 2012, in Stony Point, New York. The FBI is offering a reward of up to $100,000 for information leading to his capture. Marydel, Maryland Marydel is a town in Caroline County, Maryland, United States. Rafael Caro Quintero Rafael Caro Quintero (born October 24, 1952) is a Mexican drug lord. He co-founded the Guadalajara Cartel with Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo and other drug traffickers in the late 1970s. He is also the founder and suspected current leader of the newly formed Caborca Cartel. Caro Quintero lost his final appeal to avoid extradition to the United States on March 27, 2021. The United States is offering a 20-million-dollar reward for information leading to his capture. Preston, Maryland Preston is a town in Caroline County, Maryland, United States. Ridgely, Maryland Ridgely is a town in Caroline County, Maryland, United States. James Maynard (mathematician) James Allan Maynard (born 10 June 1987) is a British mathematician. His works focused in analytic number theory. In 2017, he was hired as a Research Professor at Oxford University. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 2022. Maryna Viazovska Maryna Sergiivna Viazovska (, ; born 2 December 1984) is a Ukrainian mathematician. She is known for her work in sphere packing. She is full professor and Chair of Number Theory at the Institute of Mathematics of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland. She was awarded the Fields Medal in 2022. Templeville, Maryland Templeville is a town in Caroline and Queen Anne's counties in the U.S. state of Maryland. Hampstead, Maryland Hampstead is a town in Carroll County, Maryland, United States. New Windsor, Maryland New Windsor is a town in Carroll County, Maryland, United States. Taneytown, Maryland Taneytown is a town in Carroll County, Maryland, United States. Union Bridge, Maryland Union Bridge is a town in Carroll County, Maryland, United States. Cecilton, Maryland Cecilton is a town in Cecil County, Maryland, United States. Highland Park parade shooting On July 4, 2022, a mass shooting happened during an Independence Day parade in Highland Park, Illinois, United States. The shooting happened at 10:14a.m. CDT () about 15 minutes after the parade had started. Seven people were fatally shot and at least 46 others were wounded by gunfire or injured in a stampede. The shooter was Robert Eugene Crimo III, who was caught eight hours after the shooting. Crimo began the shooting by firing a rifle from the rooftop of the Ross Cosmetics building. He got on the roof by using an unsecured ladder attached to the building. The shooter used a Smith & Wesson M&P15 semiautomatic rifle with three 30-round magazines. After being caught, Crimo confessed that he thought about planning another shooting at another Independence Day parade in Madison, Wisconsin. Seven people were killed and 46 others were injured during the attack. Five of the victims—all adults—died at the scene and two died at the hospital. Many Chicago suburbs canceled their Fourth of July celebrations after the shooting. President Joe Biden stated that he was shocked by the shooting and also called for more gun control measures. Charlestown, Maryland Charlestown is a town in Cecil County, Maryland, United States. Chesapeake City, Maryland Chesapeake City is a town in Cecil County, Maryland, United States. Perryville, Maryland Perryville is a town in Cecil County, Maryland, United States. Port Deposit, Maryland Port Deposit is a town in Cecil County, Maryland, United States. History en Español History en Español is a 24-hour Spanish-language pay television channel. It is a counterpart of the History channel, that focuses on Latin American and world history. It officially launched in 2004 in the United States. The network shows original programming, as well as Spanish-dubbed versions of programs originally seen on the main, English-language, History channel. Büyükyurt Büyükyurt is a village in Nazımiye district of Tunceli (Dersim), Turkey. History. The old name of the village is Hakis. In the village, which is named Hakis in the records of the 16th century; only non-Muslims lived in 67 households in 1518 and 135 households in 1541. In the village at the beginning of the 20th century; there were 220 Armenian and 960 Kurdish population. The settlement, which was a nâhiye since the records of 1912, maintained its position as a nâhiye until 1936. In 1935, Hakis was recorded as a connected of Nazimiye kaza of Elâziz province. Although the old name of the village "Hakis" was changed, it was recorded as "Büyükyurt ("Hakis")" for a while. In the 1960 census, 742 people were recorded, 340 males and 402 females in village. Alan Rachins Alan Leonard Rachins (born October 3, 1942) is an American actor, television director and writer. He is known for his role as Douglas Brackman in "L.A. Law" and Larry on the television series "Dharma & Greg". He also voiced the Clock King in "". Joanna Frank Joanna Frank (born Johanna Bochco; March 7, 1941) is an American actress. Her first role was in Elia Kazan's 1963 movie "America, America". She was also in the cult biker movie "The Savage Seven" (1968) and the romantic comedy "Say Anything..." (1989). János Berecz János Berecz (18 September 1930 – 7 July 2022) was a Hungarian politician, writer and journalist. He was born in Ibrány, Hungary. His best known written work as "Counter-revolution with pen and gun 1956". He was a member of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party. Berecz was a member of the National Assembly between 1985 to 1990. Berecz died on 7 July 2022 in Budapest, Hungary at the age of 91. Karyn Kupcinet Karyn Kupcinet (born Roberta Lynn Kupcinet; March 6, 1941 – November 28, 1963) was an American actress. She had a role in the television series "Mrs. G. Goes to College". She appeared in guest roles on television, including "The Donna Reed Show", "The Wide Country", "G.E. True", "Going My Way", "The Andy Griffith Show", and "Death Valley Days". Kupcinet was found dead at her home in West Hollywood, California on November 28, 1963 at the age of 22. Drugs were found next to her body, however in an autopsy found evidence of her being strangled. Since her death happened five days after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, her death has been part of many conspiracy theories. Roy Thinnes Roy Thinnes (born April 6, 1938) is an American actor. He is best known for playing David Vincent in the ABC television series "The Invaders". He also appeared in the science fiction movie "Doppelgänger". He also played Manhattan District Attorney Alfred Wentworth in the pilot episode of "Law & Order". Dora Wevers Dora Assink-Wevers (born 1900s) was a Dutch track and field athlete specialized in the discus throw. She was a member of AV Twenthe and the national team. She was the national record holder and national champion. She represented the Netherlands at international competitions. Career. Early years and training. In the 1920s Wevers became a member of Hercules-Hebe, initially doing gymnastics but also started competing in athletics. She once one won the club championships in both gymnastics and athletics. Because she fell in love with discus throwing she specialized in it. However, in her era there were no athletic trainers with expertise in discus throw. She got advice by multiple people. She even held a period the discus at her back while throwing because someone told her that would be the best technique. Before a main competition she went with her father to a farmer's pasture to throw duscus. Her father kept getting the discus. Besides of that she trained with boys of the “Enschedese Boy” at Deppenbroek. Career highlights. On 1 September 1929 she broke the national record in discus throw held by Lena Michaelis with a distance of 31.71 metres. She became 1930 national champion in Amsterdam, and broke at these championship her national record again with 33.86 metres. In July 1931 her record was broken by Cor Pels. Assink set her personal record to 34.14 in 1934. This was not a national record, but it was the record of Twente. It took almost 29 year before this record of Twente was broken by Margriet de Schip. As part of the National Team, Wevers represented between 1929 and 1933 the Netherlands at four tournaments, including at the 1930 Women's World Games. She also went with the ENDAT to the international competition in Brussels. She throw there further than the national record. However, because it was outside a match of the national association, it was never recognized as an official national record. Personal life. Assink was hairdresser and had her own studio. Assink married to Gerrit Assink and they lived in Enschede. They got a son Herman Johan on 23 April 1941. Ziggy Stardust (song) "Ziggy Stardust" is a song by English singer-songwriter David Bowie. It was on Bowie’s 1972 concept album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars. It was made by both Bowie and Ken Scott. It was recorded at Trident Studios in London in November 1971. The song is about Ziggy Stardust, a bisexual alien rock star who is a messenger for other aliens. The character was based on English singer Vince Taylor, the Legendary Stardust Cowboy, and Kansai Yamamoto. The song is glam rock and so is the album. It was remade in 1982 by Bauhaus. Her Wedding Night Her Wedding Night is a 1930 American romantic comedy movie directed by Frank Tuttle and is a remake of the 1925 movie "Miss Bluebird" also directed by Frank Tuttle. It stars Clara Bow, Ralph Forbes, Charlie Ruggles, Richard "Skeets" Gallagher, Geneva Mitchell, Natalie Kingston and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. Cartoonito (American programming block) Cartoonito is an American programming block, which premiered on September 13, 2021 on Cartoon Network. Programming. Cartoonito features co-productions and acquired programming, in addition to original series exclusive to the program block on Cartoon Network. Currently, Cartoonito's lineup includes "Sesame Street: Mecha Builders," "Pocoyo", "Bing", "Cocomelon", "Bugs Bunny Builders", and ""; with "Sesame Street", exclusive to HBO Max. Robert Leighton (cartoonist) Robert Leighton is an American cartoonist, writer, artist, puzzle writer, illustrator, and humorist. He lives and works in New York City. Rob Boutilier Robert Boutilier (born 1971 in Halifax County) is a Canadian animator, director, writer, and storyboard artist, Boutilier went to Vancouver Film School in 1996, as well as the University of King's College. He is also an employer of WildBrain in Vancouver, British Columbia. TVG2 TVG2 (formerly HRTV) is an American sports-oriented digital cable and satellite television network. List of HRTV commentators. Scott Hazelton, Kurt Hoover, Christina Blacker, Matt Carothers, Todd Schrupp, Dave Weaver, Mike Joyce, Rich Perloff, Simon Bray, Donna Brothers, Nick Hines, Frank Miramahdi, Tom Cassidy, Joaquin Jaime, Paul Lo Duca, Peter Lurie, and Britney Eurton. Programming. Racing programming. Programming on HRTV includes regular and special stakes races from Santa Anita Park, Churchill Downs, Gulfstream Park, Arlington Park, Pimlico Race Course, NYRA, and numerous other top U.S. and international racetracks. English programming. HRTV also features events in the world of English riding, such as show jumping, dressage, eventing and carriage driving. Coverage includes the Aachen World Horse Festival, FEI World Cup Jumping, Dressage events, and the Horse Shows in the Sun (HITS) $1,000,000 Grand Prix Triple Crown of Show jumping. Western Programming. Western horse-related programming includes rodeos sanctioned by the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association, National Reining Horse Association events from around the world, US- based Cutting, Roping, and Barrel Racing competitions, and programming on recreational activities such as trail riding. Emo rap Emo rap is a fusion genre of hip hop and emo. It began in the mid-2010s. Notable emo rappers include XXXTentacion, Juice Wrld, and Lil Peep. The Ghost and Molly McGee The Ghost and Molly McGee is an American television series. James Wootton (animator) James "Wootie" Wootton (born November 15, 1974) is a Canadian animator and character designer. His career began with the Cartoon Network animated television series "Ed, Edd n Eddy", created by Danny Antonucci, which premiered on the network on January 4, 1999. Wootton served as a title sequence animator and a storyboard artist during the series' run, which garnered him an Annie Award nomination for the third season episode "Wish You Were Ed" on November 10, 2001. Wootton would later work on "George of the Jungle", "Kid vs. Kat", "Roy", "Martha Speaks", "", "Packages from Planet X", "All Hail King Julien", and "[[Kung Fu Panda: The Paws of Destiny". Other websites. [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Canadian television directors]] [[Category:1974 births]] [[Category:Canadian animators]] Chen Guangcheng Chen Guangcheng (born 12 November 1971) is a Chinese civil rights activist. He has worked on human rights issues in rural areas of the People's Republic of China. He was blind from an early age and self-taught himself about the law. He supports women's rights, land rights, and the welfare of the poor. In April 2012, Chen escaped his house arrest and fled to the Embassy of the United States, Beijing. After negotiations with the Chinese government, he left the embassy for medical treatment in early May 2012, and it was reported that China would consider allowing him to travel to the United States to study. On 19 May 2012, Chen, his wife, and his two children left to New York City. Nago is a city in the northern part of Okinawa Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. In December 2012, the city had population of 61,659. Angel Lagdameo Angel Nacorda Lagdameo (; 2 August 1940 – 8 July 2022) was a Filipino Roman Catholic prelate. He was the Archbishop Emeritus of Jaro from 9 May 2000 until 14 February 2018. Lagdameo was born in Lucban, then-the Commonwealth of the Philippines. Lagdameo died on 8 July 2022 at a hospital in Iloilo City, the Philippines at the age of 81. Kazimierz Zimny Kazimierz Franciszek Zimny (4 June 1935 – 30 June 2022) was a Polish athlete. He competed mainly in the 5000 metres. He competed for Poland in the 5000 metres at the 1960 Summer Olympics, where he won the bronze medal. He was born in Tczew, Poland. Zimny died on 30 June 2022, aged 87. Tczew Tczew (, ; formerly ) is a city on the Vistula River in Eastern Pomerania, Kociewie, northern Poland. In 2009, about 60,279 people lived here. The city played a key role in the Invasion of Poland during World War II. Geoff Berner Geoff Berner (born 1971) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and musician from Vancouver. Pedro Ferrándiz Pedro Ferrándiz González (20 November 1928 – 7 July 2022) was a Spanish basketball coach. He was known for coaching the Real Madrid basketball club in the 1960s and 1970s. He was born in Alicante, Spain. He was honored into the Basketball Hall of Fame in April 2007. He also coached the Spain men's national basketball team for one year, starting in 1964. Ferrándiz died on 7 July 2022 in Alicante at the age of 93. Assassination of Shinzo Abe On 8 July 2022, former Prime Minister of Japan Shinzo Abe was assassinated after being shot twice in the chest and neck during a campaign speech near in Nara, Japan. His assassination was the first of a former Japanese prime minister since Saitō Makoto and Takahashi Korekiyo during the February 26 Incident in 1936, as well as the first of a former G7 leader since Italy's Aldo Moro in 1978. Shooting and death. Abe was making a speech for the upcoming elections. He was shot twice from behind with an improvised shotgun, hitting his chest and neck. Abe was transported to a local hospital unconscious. It was said he went into cardiopulmonary arrest shortly after being shot while other sources said he was having heart failure. Hours later, Abe's younger brother and Japan's defence minister Nobuo Kishi said Abe was having a blood transfusion. At 5:03 pm JST the news was broken that he had died, about five hours after the shooting happened. The doctors said that because he had lost a lot of blood, and the bullet had gone in deep enough to enter his heart. This news was reported by the public broadcaster NHK citing the ruling Liberal Democratic Party. It was also reported in a news conference at the medical hospital. The police autopsy found that Abe died from loss of blood after a bullet damaged an artery under his collarbone. Suspect. Tetsuya Yamagami, the shooter, was arrested by police at the scene. Yamagami had created the shotgun used for the attack. Yamagami was a former member of the Maritime Self-Defense Force from 2002 to 2005. Yamagami told investigators that he wanted to kill Abe because of a personal bad feelings toward a "certain religious group" that Abe had supported. He said that this religious group had "brainwashed" his mother and that killing Abe was not because of his political beliefs. Aftermath. Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, who was in Yamagata Prefecture for the election campaign, cancelled campaigning and returned to Tokyo to deliver a national address, as did other Kishida cabinet members. In his speech, he said that Abe was in critical condition and called the shooting "unforgivable". Many world leaders reacted to the shooting by hoping Abe recovered and condemned the shooting such as Emmanuel Macron, Joe Biden, Justin Trudeau, Jacinda Ardern, Boris Johnson, Anthony Albanese, Narendra Modi, Ursula von der Leyen, Charles Michel, Jens Stoltenberg, Sauli Niinistö, Lee Hsien Loong, Jair Bolsonaro and Tsai Ing-wen along with former leaders such as Donald Trump, Barack Obama and Yoshihide Suga. Julian Lawrence Julian Lawrence is a Canadian cartoonist, educator and comics scholar from Portsmouth, England. A longtime member of Vancouver's DIY independent art scene, Lawrence is also an arts educator and researcher, with a specialization in using hand drawn comics as a tool to improve literacy, develop storytelling techniques and form identity. He currently resides in Middlesbrough, England, where he is a Senior Lecturer in the Comics and Graphic Novels B.A. Honours program at Teeside University. Keith Giffen Keith Ian Giffen (born November 30, 1952) is an American comics artist and writer. He is known for his work for DC Comics on their "Legion of Super-Heroes" and "Justice League" titles as well as for being the co-creator of Lobo. Paul Boyd Paul G. Boyd (September 30, 1967 – August 13, 2007) was an American-born Canadian animator. He was a member of a.k.a. Cartoon, the production team for Cartoon Network's longest running television series, "Ed, Edd n Eddy", as a title sequence animator and director. He began his career working for International Rocketship on two Gary Larson specials. During his career he taught at Vancouver Film School and worked at many animation studios in Vancouver. His work directing for "Aaagh! It's the Mr. Hell Show!", along with co-director Moose Pagen, was nominated for an Annie Award in 2001. He was shot and killed on August 13, 2007, by a police officer, Lee Chipperfield, in Vancouver. A video recorded by tourists showed Boyd being shot nine times after wielding a bicycle chain at officers who came to respond to a disturbance involving him. The ninth shot that struck Boyd was fired as he was on the ground. The officer who shot Boyd was cleared in the death. The use of force was criticized by many of Boyd's colleagues and relatives. Kwasi Kwarteng Kwasi Kwarteng (born Akwasi Addo Alfred Kwarteng; 26 May 1975) is a British Conservative Party politician. He has served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 6 September to 14 October 2022. He was the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy from 2021 to 2022. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Spelthorne since 2010. He became known for promoting and passing Prime Minister Liz Truss's controversial economic plans which caused a national crisis and his firing. Optimum (cable brand) Optimum is an Internet, TV, Mobile and Home phone company serving the New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Pennsylvania Tri-State area, and North Carolina. Overview. Altice One is the company's flagship home entertainment platform. The device combines TV, streaming apps and more into one space-saving design. Television. Optimum TV offers cable television service in three tiers Internet. Optimum offers internet speeds up to 940 megabits per second. Currently there are four speed tiers available: The company also offers a low-cost broadband option, Altice Advantage Internet, for certain eligible customers. Voice. Optimum offers landline VOIP telephone service branded as Optimum Voice; the service uses a telephone cable modem to provide the service, either alone or combined into a household's main cable modem box. Business. Optimum provides small and mid-sized businesses with internet, phone, TV, mobile, Smart WiFi and ad services. Narrowcasting. With the introduction of more than Optimum's original 30 channels, narrowcasting was added to the service's offerings, since it was now economical to provide "programs of much significance to small audiences." Conflicts. A New Jersey company that named itself "Optimum Networks Inc." was sued by then-owner Cablevision Systems Corporation (CSC) for violation of the "OPTIMUM" trademark in 2010. Abenomics is the economic policies of the Government of Japan led by the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) since the December 2012 general election. They are named after Shinzo Abe, who was Prime Minister of Japan from 2012 to 2020. Abe's successor, Yoshihide Suga continued the policies and goals of the Abe administration, including Abenomics. Abenomics is based on: monetary easing from the Bank of Japan, fiscal stimulus through government spending, and structural reforms. It has been seen as a "mix of reflation, government spending and a growth strategy. Reflation Reflation is an act of stimulating the economy by increasing the money supply or by lowering taxes. This is meant to bring the economy back "up" to the long-term trend. It is the opposite of disinflation, which seeks to return the economy back "down" to the long-term trend. Disinflation Disinflation is a decrease in the rate of inflation. It is the opposite of reflation. Disinflation happens when the increase in the “consumer price level” slows down back when the prices were rising. If the inflation rate is not very high to start with, disinflation can lead to deflation. Roger Douglas Sir Roger Owen Douglas (born 5 December 1937) is a retired New Zealand politician. He was a member of the Labour Party. He was known for his government economic role in the 1980s. His economic policies became known as "Rogernomics". Douglas was a Labour Member of Parliament from 1969 to 1990. During his time as Minister of Finance (1984 to 1988). His flat tax proposal, was controversial and caused disagreements between Douglas and Prime Minister David Lange, which led to Douglas's resignation. Hamaguchi Osachi Hamaguchi Osachi (Kyūjitai: ; Shinjitai: , also Hamaguchi Yūkō, 1 April 1870 – 26 August 1931) was a Japanese politician, cabinet minister and Prime Minister of Japan from 1929 to 1931. He initially survived an assassination attempt in 1930, but died about nine months later from a bacterial infection caused by his unhealed wounds. Hara Takashi was a Japanese politician. He was the Prime Minister of Japan from 1918 to 1921. Hara was assassinated by Nakaoka Kon'ichi on 4 November 1921 after being stabbed at a Tokyo train station. Takahashi Korekiyo Viscount was a Japanese politician. He was the Prime Minister of Japan from 1921 to 1922. He was also the head of the Bank of Japan and Ministry of Finance. His decision to cut government spending in 1935 led to unrest within the Japanese military, who assassinated him in February 1936. He was shot and attacked with a sword while he was sleeping at his Tokyo home. February 26 incident The was an attempted "coup d'état" in the Empire of Japan on 26 February 1936. It was organized by a group of young Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) officers. They wanted the purging the government and military leadership because of bad economic policies. During this incident, the rebels assassinated two former prime ministers and occupied the government center of Tokyo. However, they failed in assassinating Prime Minister Keisuke Okada or take control of the Imperial Palace. With a lot of opposition against them, the rebels surrendered on 29 February. This was the last time that a former prime minister was assassinated until Shinzo Abe's assassination in 2022. Keisuke Okada was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy, politician and Prime Minister of Japan from 1934 to 1936. Kuniaki Koiso was a Japanese general in the Imperial Japanese Army. He was the Governor-General of Korea and Prime Minister of Japan from 1944 to 1945. After Japan's defeat in World War II, he was convicted of war crimes and sentenced to life imprisonment. Koiso died of esophageal cancer in Sugamo Prison in 1950. Kantarō Suzuki Baron was a Japanese general and politician. He was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy. He was the final leader of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association and Prime Minister of Japan from 7 April to 17 August 1945. Noda, Chiba is a city in the northwestern corner of Chiba Prefecture, Japan. , the city had a population of 154,114. The total area of the city is . Édouard Ngirente Édouard Ngirente (born 22 February 1973) is a Rwandan economist and politician. He has been the Prime Minister of Rwanda, since 30 August 2017. Prime Minister of Rwanda This article lists the prime ministers of Rwanda since the formation of the post in 1961 to the present day. A total of 11 people have served in the office. The incumbent prime minister is Édouard Ngirente, who took office on 30 August 2017. Anastase Murekezi Anastase Murekezi (born 15 June 1952) is a Rwandan politician. In 2014, he became Prime Minister of Rwanda, serving until 2017. Faustin Twagiramungu Faustin Twagiramungu (born 14 August 1944) is a Rwandan politician. He was Prime Minister of Rwanda from 1994 until his resignation in 1995, the first head of government appointed after the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) captured Kigali. He then exiled himself to Belgium. Walter Braga Netto Walter Souza Braga Netto (born 11 March 1957) is a Brazilian army general and politician. He was the Minister of Defence from 2021 to 2022 during the Jair Bolsonaro presidency. Braga was Commander of the Eastern Military Command. In June 2022, he was chosen to be the next Vice President of Brazil for Jair Bolsonaro in his candidacy at the 2022 presidential election. Bondina Elangbam use both this parameter and |birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --> Bondina Elangbam is an Indian writer, poet and artist from Manipur. Among her comprehensive comparative analytical works, "Is the Homosexual an Invisible Being? 'Comrade Love' in the Select Fiction of the Rohinton Mistry and Amitav Ghosh" is a notable one. Besides being a writer, Elangbam is becoming a matter of inspiration to many other artists and writers, including Bollywood actress as well as Dr Joshiya Kh. Early life and career. Bondina Elangbam was born in Imphal, Manipur. She grew up inheriting both the Meitei and Mao cultural heritages from her two parents. Her cross cultural bondings are seen to be reflected in her poetic works. Since childhood, Elangbam has a passion for painting, writing short stories and poems. Her first publication of poetry is the "Between the Poet and Her Pencil" in Mumbai on 19 December 2016. The forwarding of the poetry was done by Bollywood actress , who is her childhood school friend. Bondina Elangbam's book "Between the Poet and Her Pencil" was released at the "Manipur Press Club" on the 9th of January, 2017 by ABOK Publishing House. In an exclusive interview with Bondina Elangbam by the "The Morung Express", when asked how she connected the two fields of being a poet and a painter, she said, "See, my poems are about life and the various occurrence one experiences in life. My painting again is about the varied elements in life, the different emotions and various other aspects of life. Life in its essence connects the two and in one or the other way it is intertwined." Life with Kangana Ranaut. Bondina Elangbam and Kangana Ranaut were classmates, roommates as well as schoolmates in their school life at a high school at School sector 15 in Chandigarh. Bondina was studying in the Fine Arts stream while Kangana in the Science stream. According to a forwarding by Kangana Ranaut about Bondina Elangbam, she described Bondina was a dainty, waif- like vision with thick long blue-black hair hanging below her waist when seen for the first time in her life. Kangana said Bondina’s work was true to her inherent impulses and instincts. She pointed out the most beguiling aspect of Bondina's personality as the fact that Bondina never ceases to surprise anyone as she had either brood or laugh uncontrollably, avoided eye contact or had fierce glances, slept endlessly or worked relentlessly. Since childhood, Kangana was intensely fond of Hindi-Urdu poetry. Her area of interests was found to be weird for others (friends) except for Bondina Elangbam. Kangana used to translate the poems (shaayaris) for Bondina. Though many words and complex thoughts were often diluted or lost in translations, both Kangana and Bondina had a particular relationship with poetry. When Kangana and Bondina were very close to each other, Kangana noticed about the crucial differences between their educational choices, science and arts. Later, Kangana found out that she was probably not on the right career path. In her forewordings, Kangana exposed that Bondina had seduced the closet artist in her and Bondina played a very important role in influencing her future career decisions and she continued to do so. After their school life, they drifted away and met each other again when Kangana Ranaut was promoting "" in Chandigarh. The two met at their school. It was when Kangana Ranaut got to know that Bondina was pursuing arts, poetry and writing. Bondina sent Kangana some of her works. Then, Kangana offered to write a foreword for Bondina's book. José Ramírez Gamero José Ramírez Gamero (12 June 1938 – 7 July 2022) was a Mexican politician. He was a member of Institutional Revolutionary Party. He was Governor of Durango from 1986 to 1992. From 1976 to 1979 and from 2000 to 2003, he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies. In 1976, he was the President of the Chamber of Deputies. He was elected twice as Senator and twice represented Durango from 1982 to 1988 and from 1997 to 2000. Ramírez Gamero died in Durango, Mexico on 7 July 2022, aged 84. Hispanic Information and Telecommunications Network Hispanic Information and Telecommunications Network, Inc. (HITN) is the largest Spanish-language public broadcasting network in the United States. Quigley Down Under Quigley Down Under is a 1990 Australian American western movie directed by Simon Wincer and starring Tom Selleck, Alan Rickman, Laura San Giacomo, Chris Haywood, Ron Haddrick, Tony Bonner, Jerome Ehlers, Roger Ward. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The Horse Whisperer The Horse Whisperer is a 1998 American drama movie directed by Robert Redford (who also stars) and was based on the 1995 novel of the same name by Nicholas Evans. It also stars Kristin Scott Thomas, Scarlett Johansson, Sam Neill, Dianne Wiest, Christien Anholt, Chris Cooper, Jeanette Nolan and was distributed by Touchstone Pictures. Tlnovelas Tlnovelas (stylized as tlnovelas) is a Spanish-language pay television network that broadcasts Mexican "telenovelas" produced by TelevisaUnivision, the owner of the channel. Availability. TLNovelas América. TLNovelas América available in Mexico and other parts of Latin America. TLNovelas Europa. TLNovelas Europa is broadcast by Europa, in countries like Spain, and in Oceania in countries like Australia and New Zealand. TLN Network. Channel that broadcasts programming in Portuguese. It has coverage in countries such as Angola and Mozambique and also operates in Brazil through online TV Guigo. TLNovelas Univision. Released March 1, 2012, owned by the Univision Communications group in partnership with Televisa. The channel has coverage in the United States and Puerto Rico. TLNovelas África. Launched on September 14, 2020, it broadcasts English programming to the African continent through operators DStv, GOtv, Zuku TV, StarSat and StarTimes. Blue Ant Media Blue Ant Media Inc. is a Canadian broadcasting and media company headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. Sport TV Sport TV is a Portuguese television network consisting of eight sports-themed television networks. Remy & Boo Remy & Boo is a Canadian children's animated television series created by Matthew Fernandes. The series premiered on May 1, 2020, on Universal Kids. Production. The show was announced in 2017, alongside "Norman Picklestripes", "Powerbirds", "The Big Fun Crafty Show", and 3 other shows. Neil Wagner Neil Wagner was born 13 March, 1986 in Pretoria. He is a New Zealand cricketer who is a mainstay in test cricket and plays for Northern Districts in Plunket Shield. Yeu Kashi Tashi Me Nandayla Yeu Kashi Tashi Me Nandayla (transl. "How should I come to your house?") was an Indian Marathi television program. Production. It was started from 4 January 2021 by replacing "Tujhyat Jeev Rangala". I-CABLE News Channel (Hong Kong) i-CABLE News Channel is a Cantonese cable news channel in Hong Kong. It is the first 24-hour television news service in Hong Kong and Asia. Newscasts. Current news sections are named as follows. Originally, news sections are named according to the time of day at which they are screened. Programs that are broadcast jointly with i-Cable Family Entertainment Channel including: Anchors. Anchors are responsible for the casts on the channel, reporting live news daily. Some of them are the host of programmes of i-CABLE Finance Info Channel. Some Reporters may also host news occasionally. Former anchors: Felicitas Schlarp Felicitas Schlarp (born 1907) was a German track an field athlete who was mainly active in the 100 metres and long jump events in the late 1920s and early 1930s. She was a member of Post SV Köln and the German national team. Schlarp became for the first time national champion in the long jump in 1929 in a new national record with 5.65 metres. She became again national champion in 1931 after finishing third in 1930. Schlarp represented Germany at international competitions, includig at 1928 Germany–Netherlands women's athletics competition and at the 1929 Netherlands–Germany women's athletics competition where she won the long jump event. At the 1930 Women's World Games she reached the final of the long jump event and finished fifth. Majhe Pati Saubhagyawati Majhe Pati Saubhagyavati is a 2015 soap opera. Summary. It is a story of Vaibhav Malwankar. Vaibhav and his wife Laxmi come to Mumbai around 14 years ago. He has a dream to become a successful actor, but after too many rejections he has reached a stage where it becomes a crumble. He has one last chance to give a good life for his wife and himself. The role which is going to perform is lady character who gives his career and also help him to change his life completely. Ratings. It was started from 28 September 2015 by replacing "Julun Yeti Reshimgathi". Bocche di San Lorenzo Bocche di San Lorenzo or simply Bocche is a small locality in the comune of Santa Margherita Ligure in the Metropolitan City of Genoa in Liguria in Italy. It is made up of a few paths, benched and signposts. Etymology. The full meaning of the name Bocche is unknown however, it is believed that the name comes from "presenza del passaggio naturale che mette in corrispondenza gli opposti versanti del Promontorio." or the "presence of the natural passage that links the opposite sides of the Promontory." Geography. Bocche is located at the junctions between a few trails and paths between the mountains of Monte delle Bocche and Monte Pollone. It is atop the "Fosso delle Bocche" stream which is directly named after it. Bocche is located on the border between Santa Margherita Ligure and Portofino. Monte delle Bocche. Monte delle Bocche is a mountain nearby to Bocche where it gets its name, Monte delle Bocche is accessed from Bocche via the Gabbia path. It is 510 metres tall and has 41 metres of prominence. Monte delle Bocche has been named and mapped since long ago. Fosso delle Bocche. The Fosso delle Bocche is a tributary of the Rio Valle Ruffinale stream, it is sourced at Monte delle Bocche and the Bocche-Feliciara path formes the only crossing over it. Amenities. Bocche is now only a waypoint marker with a few amenities for stopping hikers and tourists on the many hiking routes which pass through it. All major buildings and infrastructure that existed in the original settlement have since disappeared. Santa Margherita Ligure Santa Margherita Ligure is a "comune" in the Metropolitan City of Genoa in Liguria in Italy. It is a popular tourist attraction. Geography. Santa Margherita Ligure is located on the Riviera di Levante in the innermost part of the Gulf of Tigullio. The town has developed along two main inlets. To the west of the town, towards Genoa, there are many hills covered with pine and chestnut trees on the high ground and olive groves lower down. On the slopes are villas and gardens overlooking the so-called 'Dolphin Coast'(Costa del Delfini), which links the town to Portofino. The town is a popular tourist attraction on the Riviera di Levante. Part of the comunal territory of Santa Margherita Ligure is part of the Portofino Regional Natural Park, while the stretch of water in front of the Portofino promontory is also included in the Portofino Marine Protected Area; both bodies are based in the coastal town. Khulta Kali Khulena Khulta Kali Khulena (transl. The opening bud did not open) is an Indian Marathi television program. Production. It was started from 18 July 2016 by replacing "Maze Pati Saubhagyavati". Chip an' Dale Chip an' Dale is a 1947 animated short film. It was produced in Technicolor by Walt Disney Productions and released to theaters by RKO Radio Pictures. Home media. The short was released on December 11, 2007 on "". Additional release include: Walter White (Breaking Bad) Walter Hartwell "Walt" White Sr. is a character of the American crime drama television series Breaking Bad. Chuk Bhul Dyavi Ghyavi Chuk Bhul Dyavi Ghyavi (transl. Give & take mistakes) is a Marathi Television romantic comedy. Ratings. The series premiered on 18 January 2017 from Wednesday to Saturday at 9.30 pm by replacing "Asmita". Jesse Pinkman Jesse Pinkman is a character from Breaking Bad. Hank Schrader Henry "Hank" R. Schrader ASAC is a fictional character in the AMC drama series "Breaking Bad". Joe Salisbury Joe Salisbury (born 20 April 1992) is a British professional tennis player. He is currently ranked world #1 in doubles. He is a four-time Grand Slam champion. He won the 2020 Australian Open and the 2021 US Open in men's doubles partnering Rajeev Ram. Salisbury has also won two mixed doubles titles, at the 2021 French Open and 2021 US Open mixed doubles with Desirae Krawczyk. Salisbury made his Davis Cup debut for Great Britain in 2021, and also competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics with Andy Murray. Walter White Jr. Walter Hartwell White Jr. (also known as Flynn) is a fictional character in the crime drama series "Breaking Bad". Skyler White Skyler White ("née" Lambert) is a fictional character in "Breaking Bad". Marie Schrader Marie Schrader ("née" Lambert) is a fictional supporting character in the AMC series "Breaking Bad". Gus Fring Gustavo "Gus" Fring is a fictional character in the crime drama series "Breaking Bad". The Guy for This "The Guy for This" is the third episode of the fifth season of the AMC television series "Better Call Saul". Freya (cat) Freya (born c. April 2009) is a cat owned by the former Chancellor of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom George Osborne and his family. The Mr. Men Show (1997 TV series) The Mr. Men Show is a Canadian-American remake of the British series, "Mr. Men and Little Miss". Mr. Men and Little Miss Mr. Men and Little Miss, known in the United States as The Mr. Men Show and in French as Monsieur Bonhomme, is a 1994–1997 French-British animated children's television series. Claudia Octavia Claudia Octavia (late 39 or early 40 – June 9, AD 62) was a Roman Empress. She was the daughter of the Emperor Claudius and Valeria Messalina. Her mother died and her father re-married her cousin Agrippina the Younger. So she became the stepsister of the future Emperor Nero. She would also become his wife. The marriage was arranged by Agrippina. Octavia was popular with the people of Rome. But Nero hated their marriage. When his mistress, Poppaea Sabina, became pregnant, he divorced Octavia, and banished her. When this led to a public outcry, he had her executed. The Mr. Men Show The Mr. Men Show (sometimes simply referred to as Mr. Men) is an animated children's television series. Samsung Electronics Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (, sometimes shortened to SEC and stylized as SΛMSUNG) is a South Korean multinational electronics corporation. It is headquartered in Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, South Korea. Sniz & Fondue Sniz & Fondue is a series of animated shorts originally appearing on the first three seasons of the animation-anthology series "KaBlam!" on the American cable television network Nickelodeon. TeleNiños TeleNiños is a Canadian Category B-exempt Spanish language specialty channel owned by TLN Media Group. Programming. TeleNiños broadcasts programming for kids of all ages, as well family-oriented programming. Jewish Autonomous Oblast The Jewish Autonomous Oblast (JAO; Russian: Евре́йская автоно́мная о́бласть, Yevreyskaya avtonomnaya oblast; Yiddish: ייִדישע אװטאָנאָמע געגנט, yidishe avtonome gegnt) is a federal subject of Russia. It is located in the Russian Far East, near Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast in Russia and Heilongjiang province in China. The main city is Birobidzhan. In the late 1940s, the Jewish population here was around 46,000–50,000, about 25% of the population. In 2010 there were only 1,628 Jews in the JAO (less than 1% of the population). KaBlam! KaBlam! (stylized as KaBLaM!) is an American animated sketch comedy television series that ran on Nickelodeon from 1996 to 2000. The series was created by Robert Mittenthal, Will McRobb, and Chris Viscardi. Anna Mercatelli Anna Mercatelli (born early 20th-century) was an Italian track an field athlete from Rome. She competed mainly in high jump and sprint events. She was a member of Associazione Sportiva Roma and the Italian national team. As a member of the Italian National Team she represented Italy at international tournaments, including at the 1930 Women's World Games. Here she was selected to compete in the 60 metres event and high jump events. She was in both events not able to reach the final. Later the year, at the 1930 Italian Athletics Championships she won the silver medal in the high jump behind Ondina Valla. Cine Mexicano Cine Mexicano (103A, channel 462) is an American television movie channel which is available to DirecTV customers. It usually offers narco and comedy films, as well as infomercials. Cine Mexicano's main competitor is Dish Network's Cinelatino. Osteocephalus festae Osteocephalus festae is a frog. It lives Ecuador and Peru. Scientists have seen it between 1000 and 2200 meters above sea level. The adult male frog is 38.3 to 56.1 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 49.5–84.9 mm long. The adult frog is brown in color. Sometimes it has black marks. It has lighter lines on its lips and a light mark under each eye. This frog lives near rivers with fast water and waterfalls. These rivers flow through forests, farms, and other areas. The tadpoles swim in pools on the sides of these rivers. The adult frogs sit on plants 40-250 cm above the ground. This frog's scientific name "festae" is for Enrico Festa. Fest was an Italian naturalist. He collected the first official sample of this frog. Enlace Enlace is a Latin American Christian-based broadcast television network. MTV Tres MTV Tres (taken from the Spanish word for the number three tres, stylized as tr3s, with an acute accent over the '3') is an American . Programming. Tres broadcasts on an Eastern Time schedule with one national feed for all providers. Music video programs. Current Former RCN Nuestra Tele Internacional RCN Nuestra Tele Internacional (previously known as TV Colombia and RCN Nuestra Tele) is an international pay television channel owned by Colombian television network RCN. Azteca América Azteca América (, sometimes shortened to Azteca) is an American Spanish-language free-to-air television network owned by INNOVATE Corp.. Xuxa Maria da Graça Xuxa Meneghel (born 27 March 1963) is a Brazilian television host, film actress, singer, model, and businesswoman. In Brazil it is known as "Rainha dos Baixinhos". She was born in Santa Rosa, Brazil on March 27, 1963 and she has dated soccer player Pele and Ayrton Senna. She has also met the singer Michael Jackson and he took her to Neverland and asked her to be the mother of his children. Demographics of Turkey Turks are the largest ethnic group in Turkey. List of Salticidae genera The genera of the family Salticidae are listed here. Holconia immanis The banded huntsman spider is a type of spider. It was first described by Thorell in the 1200s. Then, it was replaced by John Hills in the Isopeda family. Force field Force field can mean: Saint-Marc Saint-Marc () is a commune in the western part of Haiti in the Artibonite department, it is located in , in 2003 it had a population of 160,181 inhabitants, being the second most populous city in Haiti after Gonaïves, Port-au-Prince and Cap-Haïtien. The port of this city is the most preferred for the entry of goods to Haiti, due to the congested port of Port-au-Prince. Delena cancerides Delena cancerides, also called the flat huntsman or social huntsman, is a huntsman spider from Australia. In New Zealand, it is sometimes known as the Avondale spider. Argiope keyserlingi Argiope keyserlingi also called St. Andrew's cross spider is a kind of orb-web spider. It lives on the east side of Australia from Victoria to northern Queensland. ESPN Deportes ESPN Deportes (, "ESPN Sports") is an American multinational Spanish-language pay television sports channel owned by ESPN Inc.. Sporting events. The network has the rights to show all the events listed below but some do not air on the network due to schedule. Instead they are streamed online in Spanish on Watch ESPN.com and the ESPN App. ESPN Deportes Radio. ESPN operated radio networks, stations and programs in Latin America: Aike Visbeek Aike Visbeek (born 27 October 1976) is a Dutch cycling coach. He was team manager at Team Sunweb from 2013 to 2019, team manager at SEG Racing Academy in 2020. In 2021 he started working with Intermarché-Wanty-Gobert Matériaux where he is performance manager. During the 2022 Tour de France, Visbeek was guest in the Dutch television program De Avondetappe on 8 July 2022. Bleu de Chanel Bleu de Chanel (literally translated as "Chanel's Blue" or "Blue Chanel") is a men's fragrance created by Jacques Polge for the French fashion brand Chanel in 2010. It was the first men's fragrance released by the brand since Allure Homme Sport in 2004, and their first men's masterbrand since Égoïste was introduced in 1990. The original fragrance is an eau de toilette; the 2014 eau de parfum version was also created by Jacques Polge, and the 2018 parfum version was created by his son, Olivier Polge. French actor Gaspard Ulliel was chosen as the first ambassador for Bleu de Chanel in 2010 and remained as the face of the fragrance for twelve years, until his death in January 2022. Release and advertising. French actor Gaspard Ulliel was announced as the first ambassador of Bleu de Chanel on 16 February 2010, becoming Chanel's first male ambassador. A television commercial filmed in New York City premiered online on 25 August 2010 and was later released on TV in September 2010. It was directed by Martin Scorsese and starred Ulliel and Ingrid Sophie Schram. In the commercial, Ulliel played a young filmmaker in the middle of a press conference who sees his ex-girlfriend (Schram) among the journalists and remembers the past and the beginning of their relationship, until he says: "I'm not going to be the person I'm expected to be anymore", gets up and leaves the room. The video also featured The Rolling Stones' song "She Said Yeah". Chanel's American chief operating officer John Galantic noted that the selection of "the quintessential American film director" Scorsese was intended to create "a product and brand communication uniquely tailored to the American market," where the brand's men's fragrance business was not fully developed. The fragrance was released in stores on 13 September 2010. On 5 February 2015, a new commercial starring Ulliel was released. Directed by James Gray, it was filmed in Los Angeles and featured Jimi Hendrix's cover of Bob Dylan's song "All Along the Watchtower". British filmmaker Steve McQueen directed a new commercial for Bleu de Chanel released on 1 June 2018. Shot in Bangkok, it also included underwater scenes filmed in London. It featured Ulliel crossing the city looking for a woman (played by German model Nur Hellmann) he saw in a building in front of his while David Bowie's "Starman" plays in the background. Ulliel was the face of Bleu de Chanel for twelve years, until his death on 19 January 2022. When he died, Chanel's official Instagram and Facebook pages shared a tribute to him. Chanel also paid tribute to Ulliel during their Spring/Summer 2022 Haute Couture show at the Paris Fashion Week on 25 January 2022. A model dressed as a bride finished the show by carrying a bouquet of camellias—Coco Chanel's favorite flower—tinted midnight blue as a nod to Ulliel and the Bleu de Chanel perfume. On 2 June 2022, Chanel released the first commercial for Bleu de Chanel without Gaspard Ulliel. In the new commercial titled "Instinctive and Electric", a drummer (played by musician Vincent Girault aka De La Romance) plays along with "Fire" by Jimi Hendrix while lights throughout the city start to flicker to the beat and a mysterious woman shows the city to him. Obdulio Varela Obdulio Jacinto Muiños Varela (; September 20, 1917 — August 2, 1996) was a Uruguayan football player. He was the captain of the Uruguayan national team that won the 1950 World Cup after beating Brazil in the decisive final round match popularly known as the "Maracanazo". He was nicknamed "El Negro Jefe" (The Black Chief) because of his dark skin and the influence he had on the pitch, especially during the unlikely victory over Brazil. He was of African, Spanish and Greek ancestry. Commonly regarded as one of the greatest classic holding midfielders, Varela was adept in defence and was renowned for his tenacity and leadership. He was the archetype of No. 5, superb at shielding his defence and linking play to the midfield. Rough and pugnacious central midfielder (centromediano), his tendency to lead the team from the field, following his role as captain, and he was considered by many as one of the most complete Uruguayan central midfielders. He is regarded as one of the greatest captains in football history, and "he remains one of the biggest sporting heroes in Uruguay". Early personal life. Obdulio Varela, who, contrary to custom in Spanish-speaking countries, is known by the maternal part of his surname, was born in Barrio La Teja, Montevideo on September 20, 1917. He comes from a family of ten brothers. His parents lived separately. After he worked as an 8-year-old to improve the financial situation, he began to earn his money with the car care at the Hotel del Prado at the age of 13, then he sold newspapers in Paso Molino. Club career. After first playing football in the local quarter in smaller teams such as Fortaleza, Dublin and Pascual Somma, he joined what was then in the Divisional de intermedia in 1936 Club Deportivo Juventud, which plays for Asociación Uruguaya de Fútbol. He then moved to the Montevideo Wanderers, where he began his professional career, playing for a total of five seasons. In 1938 he made his debut there. Varela completed 139 games for the club in which he scored 13 goals. He then joined Peñarol. He was a member of the Aurinegros from 1943 to 1955 and was Uruguayan champion six times with the club and he was reowned as a fair player with passion with great ball skills, playing in defence and offense, his great passing and goalscoring ability. Ten years later, his nephew Luis Varela, who had previously played for Liverpool FC, also joined Peñarol. International career. Varela also had African ancestry and was nicknamed El Negro Jefe (The Black Boss) because of his dark skin and leadership on the court. He was characterized by the fact that he showed a high willingness to run and was outstanding in both defensive and offensive areas. Already at the age of 22 he became a national player and played for the Celeste for the first time in 1939. At the South American Championships in 1939, 1941, 1942, 1945 and 1946 he was a member of the Uruguayan squad. In 1942 he won the title with the team. In 1940, 1946 and 1948 he successfully led the national team from Uruguay to the Baron de Rio Branco Cup. The highlight of his career was the 1950 World Cup, when Uruguay defeated the Brazilian team 2-1 at the Maracana Stadium in Rio de Janeiro. Varela was the captain of this team and led it to victory. In the crucial last game of the final group of four (everyone against everyone else), Brazil needed only a draw against Uruguay to become world champions and were up 1-0 early in the second half. But Uruguay prevailed, scoring twice in front of a crowd of 200,000. This victory, also known as the “Maracanaço”, was considered a miracle. It made a myth and immortalized Varela in the eyes of Uruguay's football-loving population. At the age of 37 he traveled to Switzerland with the national team to defend the title at the 1954 World Cup. At the time, he was the oldest player to have ever played in a World Cup. Scotland and Czechoslovakia were easily beaten in the preliminary round before Uruguay beat England 4-2 in the quarter-finals. Varela sustained a leg injury in that game. There were no substitutes back then, so he had to play the full 90 minutes heavily bandaged to the end. Varela and two other key players did not recover in time for the semi-final against Hungary, and Uruguay lost 4-2 after extra time. Varela ended his World Cup career undefeated after seven games. Overall, Varela completed 45 international matches from his debut on January 29, 1939 to his last match on June 26, 1954, in which he scored nine goals. Managerial career. In 1955, when he retired from football, Varela briefly tried to retrain as a coach on the Peñarol bench, with Roque Maspoli, but he quickly abandoned the idea. Death. Varela died on August 2, 1996. His remains are buried at Cementerio del Cerro, Montevideo. Honours. Club. Peñarol International. Uruguay Gregory Itzin Gregory Martin Itzin (April 20, 1948 – July 8, 2022) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Charles Logan in the action thriller series "24". He also played John Archibald Campbell in "Lincoln". Itzin died on July 8, 2022 at a hospital in London, England from problems caused by surgery at the age of 74. Lenny Von Dohlen Lenny Von Dohlen (December 22, 1958 – July 5, 2022) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Miles Harding in the movie "Electric Dreams", and Harold Smith in the television series "Twin Peaks" and the spin-off movie "". Von Dohlen died on July 5, 2022 after a long-illness in Los Angeles, California at the age of 63. Francisco Huerta Montalvo Francisco Huerta Montalvo (18 June 1940 – 2 July 2022) was an Ecuadorian physician and politician. He was born in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He was the mayor of Guayaquil in 1970. He also was the Minister of Public Health from 1982 to 1983. He also was the Minister of the Interior in 2000. From 1988 to 1992, he was the Ambassador to Venezuela. Huerta Montalvo died from a heart attack on 2 July 2022 in Guayaquil at the age of 82. Hugh Evans (basketball) Hugh Evans (1941 – July 8, 2022) was an American basketball referee. He worked for the National Basketball Association. He officiated close to 2,000 games between 1973 to 2001. He was honored into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Evans was born in North Carolina. Evans died on July 8, 2022 at the age of 81. John Baron (politician) John Charles Baron (born 21 June 1959) is a British politician. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Basildon and Billericay since 2001. He is a member of the Conservative Party. He is a known critic of the European Union and a supporter of Brexit. Rehman Chishti Atta-Ur-Rehman Chishti (born 4 October 1978) is a British-Pakistani Conservative Party politician. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Gillingham and Rainham since 2010. He was the United Kingdom's Special Envoy for Freedom of Religion or Belief from 12 September 2019 until his resignation on 14 September 2020. In 2022, he became Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs. He was the Vice Chair of the Conservative Party for Communities. In July 2022, he unsuccessfully ran for Conservative Party leader to replace Boris Johnson in the leadership election. Coma (2022 movie) Coma is a 2022 French film written and directed by Bertrand Bonello. The film made its world premiere at the 2022 Berlin Film Festival competing in the Encounters section on 12 February 2022, where it won the FIPRESCI Award. This was the last movie filmed by actor Gaspard Ulliel and the first movie to be released after his death. The film mixes animation and live action and tells the story of a teenage girl who is locked up in her house during a global health crisis and navigates between dreams and reality, until she starts following a disturbing and mysterious YouTuber named Patricia Coma. It stars Louise Labèque, Julia Faure, Gaspard Ulliel, Laetitia Casta, Vincent Lacoste, Louis Garrel and Anaïs Demoustier. The film will be released in theaters in France on 16 November 2022. Marketing. The first image showing Louise Labèque, the full cast and plot details were revealed on 2 February 2022. Two clips from the film titled "Catatonie" and "Cullen" were released on 10 February 2022. The clip titled "Cullen" featured the voices of Gaspard Ulliel and Laetitia Casta as the dolls Scott and Sharon, respectively. Belgian distributor Best Friend Forever released a poster and an exclusive 20-second teaser trailer for the film on their Instagram account on 11 February 2022. On 16 February 2022, Best Friend Forever released on their Instagram account a new 9-second clip featuring Louise Labèque playing an electronic device similar to Rubik's Cube. Release. On 2 February 2022, it was announced that Brussels-based company Best Friend Forever had bought the film. The film had its world premiere in the Encounters section at the 72nd Berlin International Film Festival on 12 February 2022. New Story will release the film in theaters in France on 16 November 2022. Bill Wiggin Sir William David Wiggin (born 4 June 1966) is a British Conservative Party politician. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) since 2001. Devin Booker Devin Armani Booker (born October 30, 1996) is an American professional basketball player. He was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He plays for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association (NBA) since 2015. He is the son of former basketball player Melvin Booker. He also won a gold medal at the 2020 Summer Olympics. In March 2017, he became the youngest player to score over 60 points in a game, finishing with 70 against the Boston Celtics. In March 2019, at 22 years old, Booker became the youngest player in NBA history with 50-point games in a row. Booker is a three-time NBA All-Star. List of Iranic states, dynasties, empires and countries This is a list of Iranic states, dynasties and empires. The Iranics consist of Persians, Medes, Khwarezmians, Sakas, Dahaeans, Scythians, Kurds, Bactrians, Pashtuns, Tajiks, Balochs, Parthians, Sogdians, Sarmatians, Talyshs, Tats, Cimmerians, Alans, Ossetians, along with others. Crime movie Crime movie is a movie genre. The story is normally about a crime. The films are often related to crime literature. According to Eric R. Williams, crime movie is one of 11 supergenres in movie. The other ten super-genres are action, fantasy, horror, romance, science fiction, a slice of life, sports, thriller, war, and western. There are many subgenres within crime. They include crime action, crime comedy, crime drama, crime thriller, dacoit film, gangster film, heist film, Mumbai underworld, Police Procedural, Prison film. Others include mystery, suspense, and noir. Notable directors of crime fllms include Fritz Lang, Alfred Hitchcock, Martin Scorcese, Francis Ford Coppola, Quentin Tarantino and Brian De Palma. Subgenres. Police procedural (Cop). These films focus on the police and their investigation. Examples include "Silence of the Lambs", "Seven", "The French Connection', He Walked By Night", "In the Heat of the Night'," and "Madigan." Detective crime. These films focus on investigations of detectives. Examples are "Knives Out", "Chinatown" and "Sherlock Homes". Gangster crime. These films are about gangs and organized crime. Examples are "The Godfather", "Goodfellas" and "American Gangster". Heist movie. These films are about crimes trying to steal or rob something. Examples are "The Killing", "Ocean's 11", "Dog Day Afternoon", "Reservoir Dogs", and "The Town". Prison movie. These films take place in prisons and show the harsh conditions of prisons. Examples are "The Shawshank Redemption" (1994) and "The Green Mile" (1999) Kassim Nassoro Kassim Nassoro was born 13 May, 1988 in Dar es Salaam. He is a Tanzanian cricketer who played 10 Twenty20 Internationals for Tanzania in November 2021. List of Austria Twenty20 International cricketers This is a list of Austrian Twenty20 International cricketers. List of players. "Statistics are correct as of 12 June 2022." Note: The following match includes one or more missing catchers in the Cricinfo scorecard and hence statistics (as of 1 September 2019): Richard Castellano Richard Salvatore Castellano (September 4, 1933 – December 10, 1988) was an American actor. He is best known for his role as Peter Clemenza in "The Godfather". Castellano got an Academy Award nomination for "Lovers and Other Strangers" (1970). In "The Godfather", he is known for saying the famous line: "Leave the gun; take the cannoli." AFI's 10 Top 10 AFI's 10 Top 10 is a list to honor the top films in ten genres. The lists are made by the American Film Institute. The different categories are animation, courtroom drama, epic, fantasy, gangster film, mystery, romantic comedy, science fiction, sports, and western. Indian Head, Maryland Indian Head is a town in Charles County, Maryland, United States. Port Tobacco Village, Maryland Port Tobacco Village is a town in Charles County, Maryland, United States. A diamond is a hard rock A Diamond Is A Hard Rock is the second album by the American rock band Legs Diamond. Brookview, Maryland Brookview is a town in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States. Marjorie Anthony Linden Marjorie Anthony Linden (October 10, 1935 – April 1, 2013) was a Canadian broadcaster and media executive. She achieved multiple "firsts" for women in broadcasting, including being the first all-night woman disc jockey in Montreal, the first woman vice-president in the Canadian television industry, and the first female president of the Broadcast Executive Society. Church Creek, Maryland Church Creek is a town in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States. East New Market, Maryland East New Market is a town in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States. Eldorado, Maryland Eldorado is a town in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States. Galestown, Maryland Galestown is a town in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States. Hurlock, Maryland Hurlock is a town in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States. Secretary, Maryland Secretary is a town in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States. Vienna, Maryland Vienna is a town in Dorchester County, Maryland, United States. Peru, Vermont Peru is a town in Bennington County, Vermont, United States. Pownal, Vermont Pownal is a town in Bennington County, Vermont, United States. Readsboro, Vermont Readsboro is a town in Bennington County, Vermont, United States. Rupert, Vermont Rupert is a town in Bennington County, Vermont, United States. Walk, Don't Run Walk, Don't Run is a 1966 American romantic comedy movie directed by Charles Walters and starring Cary Grant, Samantha Eggar, Jim Hutton, John Standing, George Takei, Ted Hartley. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures and was a remake of the 1943 movie "The More the Merrier. Walk of Life Just to clarify: virtually everyone in France speaks French. Some speak another language also. Occitans is one of the traditional other languages. Didda Didda (c. 924 - 1003) was the ruler of Kashmir. She ruled from 980 AD to 1003 AD. She also ruled Kashmir from 958 AD to 980 AD. She ruled for her son amd grandsons. In 980, she became an independent ruler. Most information about her comes from the book "Rajatarangini". It was written by Kalhan in the twelfth century. She was known as "The Catherine of Kashmir". She was also known as "The Witch Queen". Life story. Didda was a daughter of King Simharaj of Lohara. Her mother was the daughter of Bhimadeva Shahi. She was one of the Hindu Shahis from Kabul region. The Lohara region is located in the Pir Panjal Range. It is on a trade route between West Punjab and Kashmir. At the age of 26, she married King Khemagupta of Kashmir. Eventually, Lohara kingdom became a part of Kashmir kingdom. It was the results of the diplomatic marriage. Didda had largely influenced on state affairs before and after she became a ruler. Coins having the names of Didda and her husband have been found. Patricia Poblete Patricia Poblete Benett (6 June 1946 − 31 March 2022) was a Chilean economist and politician. She was the Minister of Housing & Urbanism during the first government of Michelle Bachelet from 2006 until 2010. She was born in Temuco, Chile. Poblete died on 31 March 2022 in Santiago, Chile at the age of 75. Franc Rode Franc Rode (or Rodé; born 23 September 1934) is a Slovenian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life from 2004 to 2011. He became a cardinal in 2006. Moana Jackson Moana Jackson (10 October 1945 – 31 March 2022) was a New Zealand Māori lawyer. Jackson was of Ngāti Kahungunu and Ngāti Porou descent. He was Director of Ngā Kaiwhakamarama i Ngā Ture (the Māori Legal Service). He co-founded the MLS in 1987. Jackson taught at Te Wānanga o Raukawa in Ōtaki on the Ahunga Tīkanga (Māori Laws and Philosophy) degree programme. Sven Melander Sven Alarik Melander (30 October 1947 – 31 March 2022) was a Swedish journalist, comedian, television presenter and actor. He led the Swedish TV show "Snacka om nyheter". He appeared in the movies "Sällskapsresan" (1980) and "Jönssonligan och Dynamit-Harry" (1982). Melander died on 31 March 2022 after suffering from cancer, at the age of 74. Patrick Demarchelier Patrick Demarchelier (; (21 August 1943 – 31 March 2022) was a French fashion photographer. His career began in 1975. He was born in Le Havre, France. He was known for his photography works in "Elle", "Marie Claire" and "20 Ans" Magazine. He later worked with "Vogue" and "Harper's Bazaar". In February 2018, Demarchelier was accused by seven models of sexual harassment and was fired by "Vogue" shortly after. Demarchelier died on 31 March 2022 in Saint Barthélemy, France at the age of 78. Rıdvan Bolatlı Rıdvan Bolatlı (2 December 1928 – 31 March 2022) was a Turkish professional footballer. He played in Turkey for Ankaragücü. He was born in Ankara. Bolatlı made six appearances for the Turkey national team from 1953 until 1954. David Irvine (diplomat) David Taylor Irvine (10 January 1947 – 30 March 2022) was an Australian diplomat. From March 2009 to September 2014, he was the Director-General of Security, the head of the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation. Before, he was Director-General of the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS) from 2003 to 2009. Irvine died in Canberra, Australia on 30 March 2022, aged 75. Egon Franke (fencer) Egon Johann Franke (23 October 1935 – 30 March 2022) was a Polish fencer. He won a gold medal in the individual foil at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. He also won a team silver medal in 1964 and a bronze medal in 1968. He was born in Gleiwitz, Silesia, Prussia, Germany. Franke died on 30 March 2022 in Torino, Italy at the age of 86. Mathew Cheriankunnel Mathew Cheriankunnel (23 September 1930 – 30 March 2022) was an Indian Roman Catholic prelate. He was a a bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kurnool from 1986 until 1991. Cheriankunnel died on 30 March 2022, at the age of 91. Juan Carlos Cárdenas Juan Carlos Cárdenas (25 July 1945 – 30 March 2022) was an Argentine footballer and coach. He played for the Argentina national team from 1967 until 1976. He was known by the nickname "El Chango". Hogwarts Legacy Hogwarts Legacy is a video game. It is set in the same fictional world as the "Harry Potter" books. It is scheduled for sale in late 2022. Making. WB Games, Avalanche Software, and Portkey Games made this game. J.K. Rowling did not write the story herself, but the gamemakers talked to her about it. Story and gameplay. The story happens in 1890. The player is a student at Hogwarts, the magical school in the Harry Potter books and movies. The student learns to cast spells, ride a broomstick, and tame magical animals. There are rumors that goblins are starting a rebellion against the human wizards, and the player must find out about them. The game is an open-world action role-playing game. Criticism. Critics say this game has too many stereotypes: Critics say the goblins in J.K. Rowling's books are like bad racist imaginary ideas of Jews. The goblins in her books run banks, have hooked noses, and are greedy, which is what non-Jewish people thought of Jews in the Middle Ages. In "Hogwarts Legacy", the goblins kidnap human children. In the middle ages, Christians would say Jews had kidnapped Christian children. Really, this was usually a lie, and the Jews had not kidnapped anyone. It was really a way of keeping Jews in Christian countries afraid. Critics also say that the House Elves in the game are bad. In the game, the House Elves are slaves, but they are happy about it. In real history, people who owned slaves used to say their enslaved people were happy. They would say that the enslaved people were naturally meant to be slaves. They said these things so no one would try to free them or make laws against slavery. In real life, enslaved people in history almost always wanted to be free. For example, the people enslaved in the United States before the Civil War. Compagnie Générale Transatlantique Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (CGT), also called French Line, was a French shipping line which operated ocean liners on the Transatlantic Route, it was founded by the Péreire Brothers in 1861, it would merge with Messageries Maritimes and then with Compagnie Générale Maritime in 1996 to form CMA CGM. Among his fleet, he had the Ocean liners: SS "La Bourgogne", which would sink south of Sable Island in Nova Scotia in 1899, and the SS "Grandcamp", which would cause the Texas City Disaster in 1947, and for having had the ocean liners SS "Paris", SS "France" (1912), SS "Île de France", SS "Normandie" and the SS "France" of 1961. Earendel Earendel, technically WHL0137-LS, is the most-distant known single star. Its name comes from Aurvandill ("Morning Star" in Old English). Its image was captured by the Hubble Space Telescope. The star was observed through a gravitational lens. It has a redshift. Light from the star was emitted 900millionyears after the Big Bang, and took 12.9billionyears to travel to Earth. Jack Dongarra Jack J. Dongarra ForMemRS; (born July 18, 1950) is an American academic and computer scientist. He is the University Distinguished Professor of Computer Science at the University of Tennessee. He was a faculty fellow at Texas A&M University's institute for advanced study (2014–2018). Dongarra is the founding director of Innovative Computing Laboratory. In 2022, he won a Turing Award. Chicago State University Chicago State University (CSU) is a Predominantly Black, public university in Chicago, Illinois. It was founded in 1867 as the Cook County Normal School. Vladimir Bochkov Vladimir Mikhailovich Bochkov (; 1 July 1946 – 31 March 2022) was a Russian politician. He was a member of United Russia. He was in the Federation Council from 2013 to 2018. Bochkov was born in Ivanovo, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. Bochkov died on 31 March 2022 at the age of 75. Richard Howard Richard Joseph Howard (born Richard Joseph Orwitz; October 13, 1929 – March 31, 2022) was an American poet, literary critic, essayist, teacher, and translator. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He was awarded the PEN Translation Prize in 1976 for his translation of E. M. Cioran's "A Short History of Decay" and the National Book Award for his 1983 translation of Baudelaire's "Les Fleurs du mal". Howard died on March 31, 2022 at his home in New York City from problems caused by dementia, aged 92. Tabaquite Tabaquite is a town in central Trinidad. Hesperia, California Hesperia is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. It is located north of San Bernardino in Victor Valley. The 2019 census report estimates that the city has a population of 95,750. Zoophobia Zoophobia (or Animal Phobia) is a general phobia and the set of specific phobias (and sub-phobias), this kind of phobia is having irrational "fear of animals", which were described by the Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud, who saw this behavior in psychoneurotic childrens. Rhapsody in Blue (short movie) Rhapsody in Blue is a 1999 American hand-drawn-animated short film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and written and directed by Eric Goldberg. "Rhapsody in Blue" premiered on August 20, 1999. Story. The short, which shows four individuals who wish for a better life. Duke is a construction worker who dreams of becoming a jazz drummer; Joe is a down-on-his-luck unemployed man who wishes he could get a job; Rachel is a little girl who wants to spend time with her busy parents instead of being shuttled around by her governess; and John is a harried rich husband who longs for a simpler, more fun life. The segment ends with all four getting their wish, though their stories interact with each other's without any of them knowing. It was set in New York City in 1932, and designed in the style of Al Hirschfeld's known caricatures of the time. Production. It originated in December 1998 when director and animator, Eric Goldberg approached Al Hirschfeld about the idea of an animated short set to Gershwin's composition in the style of Hirschfeld's illustrations. Hirschfeld agreed to serve as animation consultant and allowed the animators to use and adapt his previous works for the short film. Goldberg's wife Susan was art director. Goldberg does allow the animators from the production hiatus of "Kingdom of the Sun" (which was reworked into The Emperor's New Groove) were reassigned to work on the short film. Duke is named after jazz artist Duke Ellington. The bottom of his toothpaste tube reads "NINA", an Easter egg referencing Hirschfeld's daughter Nina. John is based on animation historian and author John Culhane. Goldberg took Hirschfeld's original design of Gershwin and designed it to make him play the piano. Featured in the crowd emerging from the hotel are depictions of Brooks Atkinson, Hirschfeld, along with his wife Dolly Haas and Eric and Susan Goldberg. The segment was completed two months ahead of schedule from January 1999 to March 1999. Despite this, the sequence was so chromatically complex that the rendering process using the CAPS system delayed work on "Tarzan". Kamen Rider W Kamen Rider W (also known as Kamen Rider Double), is a 2009-2010 Japanese tokusatsu drama. Schedule. Super Hero Time aired alongside "Samurai Sentai Shinkenger" and then "Tensou Sentai Goseiger". Trachycephalus venezolanus The Venezuela casque-headed frog ("Trachycephalus venezolanus") is a frog that lives in Venezuela, Colombia, and part of Brazil. Kamen Rider OOO Kamen Rider OOO is a 2010-2011 Japanese tokusatsu drama in Toei Company's Kamen Rider Series. Schedule. Super Hero Time aired alongside "Tensou Sentai Goseiger" and then "Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger". Cucumber (TVO) Cucumber is a Canadian TVOntario show ran from 1972. The show is produced for the Ontario Educational Communications Authority (later known is TVOntario). The characters featured Moose and Beaver voiced by Alex and Nikki. The Flamingo Kid The Flamingo Kid is a 1984 American romantic comedy-drama movie directed by Garry Marshall and starring Matt Dillon, Héctor Elizondo, Richard Crenna, Janet Jones, Jessica Walter, Brian McNamara, Fisher Stevens, Leon Robinson, John Prine, Steven Weber, Richard Stahl, Sian Webber, Marisa Tomei. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was the fifth movie to released with a PG-13 rating. Joan Ribó Joan Ribó i Canut (; born 17 September 1947) is a Spanish politician who is the mayor of Valencia since 13 June 2015. Alfred Schön Alfred Schön (born 12 January 1962) is a German football manager and former player. Roland Dickgießer Roland Dickgießer (born 9 November 1960) is a German former professional footballer who played as a defender. Lorenz-Günther Köstner Lorenz-Günther Köstner (born 30 January 1952) is a retired German footballer who is now a football manager who last managed Fortuna Düsseldorf. Following the sacking of Armin Veh on 25 January 2010, he was named interim manager of VfL Wolfsburg until 30 June 2010. Ralf Rangnick Ralf Rangnick (; born 29 June 1958) is a German professional football manager, executive and former player who is currently manager of the Austrian national football team. Honours. Manager. Ulm 1846 VfB Stuttgart Hannover 96 Schalke 04 RB Leipzig Marco Pezzaiuoli Marco Pezzaiuoli (born 16 November 1968) is a German professional football manager who is the current head coach of Indian Super League club Bengaluru. Matt Doherty (footballer, born 1992) Matthew James Doherty (born 16 January 1992) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur and the Republic of Ireland national team. Kamen Rider Fourze Kamen Rider Fourze is a Japanese tokusatsu drama in Toei Company's Kamen Rider Series. Schedule. Super Hero Time aired alongside "Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger" and then "Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters". Günter Deckert Günter Deckert (9 January 1940 – 31 March 2022) was a German far-right political activist and politician. He was the leader of the far-right National Democratic Party of Germany (NPD) from 1991 until 1996. He was in prison for five years in Germany for Holocaust denial and causing racial hatred. Deckert was born in Heidelberg, Germany. Deckert died on 31 March 2022 at the age of 82. David Gascoigne Sir David Rendel Kingston Gascoigne (born 15 January 1940) is a New Zealand lawyer and former judicial conduct commissioner. He is the husband of Dame Patsy Reddy, who was the 21st governor-general of New Zealand from 2016 to 2021. In 1989, Gascoigne was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire. In 2021, Gascoigne was appointed an additional Companion of the Queen's Service Order. Garry Newman Garry Newman (born May 20, 1982) is a british video game developer. In 2004, Newman founded Facepunch Studios while working on Garry's Mod, a Half-Life 2 mod. As of October 2010, he lives in Walsall, England. Kamen Rider Wizard Kamen Rider Wizard is a Japanese tokusatsu drama in Toei Company's "Kamen Rider" franchise. Schedule. Super Hero Time aired alongside "Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters" and then "Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger". Grenzach-Wyhlen Grenzach-Wyhlen is a municipality in Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is on the right bank of the Rhine, 7 km east of Basel, and 8 km south of Lörrach. The municipality has borders to Inzlingen and Rheinfelden (Baden) in Germany, and Riehen (BS), Birsfelden (BL) and Kaiseraugst (AG) in Switzerland. Boussières Boussières is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Mogi das Cruzes Mogi das Cruzes is an Brazilian municipality in the state of São Paulo. 450,785 people lived here in 2020 and has an area of 713 km². It is 40 km to the east of the city of São Paulo. It was founded in 1560 by the bandeirantes. Football player Neymar, plays for Paris Saint-Germain and Brazilian national team, was born here. Area code 602 Area code 602 is an area code of Arizona. It was one of the earliest area codes ever created in 1947. It initially covered the entire state of Arizona, but after it was split by 520 in 1995, 623 and 480 in 1999, and 928 in 2001, it now covers the Phoenix area of the state. Sometime in 2023, it will combine with 480 and 623 to form an overlay complex. Area code 603 Area code 603 is an area code for New Hampshire. It was one of the first area codes created in 1947. It currently covers the entire state of New Hampshire, making it one of the longest area codes to cover the entire state without being split or overlaid. Le Mémont Le Mémont is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Montbéliardot Montbéliardot is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Area code 604 Area code 604 is an area code for British Columbia. It was one of the earliest area codes created in 1947. It initially covered the entire province of British Columbia, but after being split by 250 in 1997, it now covers the entire lower mainland in British Columbia, including Vancouver. It was overlaid by 778 in 2001, 236 in 2013, and 672 in 2019. Jeff Fortenberry Jeffrey Lane Fortenberry (born December 27, 1960) is an American politician, economist, and convicted felon. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 2005 to 2022. He represented . He is a member of the Republican Party. In May 2021, Fortenberry was one of 35 Republicans who joined all Democrats in voting to approve legislation to create the January 6 commission to investigate the storming of the U.S. Capitol. In October 2021, a federal grand jury indicted Fortenberry on charges of lying to investigators. On March 24, 2022, Fortenberry was convicted of all three counts of making false statements to investigators and hiding information. Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi and House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy said he should resign. On March 26, 2022, Fortenberry announced he would resign from Congress in five days on March 31. Govinda Govinda (2021 movie) Govinda Govinda is a 2021 Indian Kannada comedy thriller film directed by Thilak. The film was produced by S. Shailendra Babu, M. K. Kishore and Ravi R. Garani. It features Sumanth Shailendra in the lead role. The supporting cast includes Vijay Chendur, Pavan and Achyuth Kumar. The score and soundtrack for the film was done by Hithan Hasan and the cinematographer of the film was K. S. Chandrasekhar. The film is an official remake of 2019 Telugu film "Brochevarevarura". It was released on November 26, 2021. Plot. Three college slackers fake a friend's kidnapping to help her escape her strict father. The plan works until she meets a stranger-than-fiction reality. Doug Bereuter Douglas Kent Bereuter (born October 6, 1939) is an American retired politician. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1979 until 2004. He also was the president and CEO of The Asia Foundation from 2004 to 2011. He is a member of the ReFormers Caucus at Issue One. Bereuter is a member of the Republican Party. Bereuter was known for voting to support the Iraq War and later saying it was a mistake and a failure. Area code 914 Area code 914 is an area code for New York. It was one of the first area codes ever created in 1947. It initially covered the entire southeastern part of New York, excluding New York City, but after it was split by 516 in 1951, and 845 in 2000, it now covers only the Westchester portion of New York. It consists of towns such as White Plains, New Rochelle, Yonkers, Mount Vernon, Mount Kisco, and Katonah. Cedar Bluffs, Nebraska Cedar Bluffs is a village in Saunders County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 610 at the 2010 census. Wahoo, Nebraska Wahoo (; from Dakota ; "arrow wood") is a city and county seat of Saunders County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 4,508 at the 2010 census. Area code 702 Area code 702 is an area code for Nevada. It was one of the first area codes created in 1947. It initially covered the entire state, but after it was split by 775 in 1998. It now covers the Clark County portion of Nevada, which includes Las Vegas. It was overlaid by 725 in 2014. Area code 703 Area code 703 is an area code for Virginia. It was one of the first area codes created in 1947. It initially covered the entire state, but after it was split by 804 in 1973 and 540 in 1995, it now covers the northern portion of Virginia. It consists of towns such as Arlington, Fairfax, Alexandria, and Vienna. It was overlaid by 571 in 2000. Albany, Minnesota Albany is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. Avon, Minnesota Avon is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. Belgrade, Minnesota Belgrade is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. Cold Spring, Minnesota Cold Spring is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. Elrosa, Minnesota Elrosa is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. Freeport, Minnesota Freeport is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. Greenwald, Minnesota Greenwald is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. Holdingford, Minnesota Holdingford is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. Kimball, Minnesota Kimball is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. Lake Henry, Minnesota Lake Henry is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. Meire Grove, Minnesota Meire Grove is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. New Munich, Minnesota New Munich is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. Richmond, Minnesota Richmond is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. Rockville, Minnesota Rockville is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. Roscoe, Minnesota Roscoe is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. Sauk Centre, Minnesota Sauk Centre is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. Spring Hill, Minnesota Spring Hill is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. St. Anthony, Stearns County, Minnesota St. Anthony is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. St. Joseph, Minnesota St. Joseph is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. St. Martin, Minnesota St. Martin is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. St. Rosa, Minnesota St. Rosa is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. St. Stephen, Minnesota St. Stephen is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. Waite Park, Minnesota Waite Park is a city in Stearns County, Minnesota, United States. Narbief Narbief is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Noël-Cerneux Noël-Cerneux is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Plaimbois-du-Miroir Plaimbois-du-Miroir is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. First Lady of Florida The First Lady of Florida is the informal title and role held by the hostess of the Florida Governor's Mansion and usually the wife of the Governor of Florida, during the governor's term in office. Casey DeSantis is the current First Lady of Florida, in role since January 2019 as the wife of Governor Ron DeSantis. Origins and Role. The first lady is not elected by the citizens of Florida, there are no official jobs she is officially required to perform and she is not paid for being the first lady, but she is often involved in political campaigns, managements of the Governor's Mansion, and participating in social causes and accompanying the governor at official and ceremonial occasions and events. Causes and Initiatives. Casey DeSantis launched four major initiatives during her as term as the first lady of the state such as, Hope Florida, Florida Cancer Connect, Resiliency Florida, Hope Healing for Florida and The Facts. Your Future. Abbévillers Abbévillers is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Audincourt Audincourt is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Valentigney Valentigney is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Maisons-du-Bois-Lièvremont Maisons-du-Bois-Lièvremont is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Seloncourt Seloncourt is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Twin towns. Seloncourt is twinned with: Bethoncourt Bethoncourt is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Grand-Charmont Grand-Charmont is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Unit 731 Unit 731 was a biological and chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army. It engaged in human experimentation during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. It was responsible for some of the most notorious . Unit 731 was based in the Pingfang district of Harbin, the largest city in the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo until 1945 when the Soviet Union invaded it what would be known as The Soviet Invasion Of Manchuria Of 1945 . It was active throughout China and Southeast Asia. Estimates of those killed by Unit 731 and its related programs range up to half a million people killed on the orders of the camp's director Shirō Ishii. Establishment. It was officially known as the Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department of the Kwantung Army. Originally set up by the military police of the Empire of Japan, Unit 731 was taken over and commanded until the end of the war by General Shirō Ishii, a combat medic officer in the Kwantung Army. The program received generous support from the Japanese government until the end of the war in 1945. Unit 731 and other units operated biological weapon production, testing, deployment, and storage facilities. They routinely conducted tests on human beings (who were internally referred to as "logs"). Additionally, biological weapons were tested in the field on cities and towns in China. Disestablishment. While Unit 731 researchers arrested by Soviet forces were put on trial, those captured by the United States were secretly given immunity in exchange for the data gathered during their human experiments. The Americans coopted the researchers' bioweapons information and experience for use in their own biological warfare program, much as they had done with German researchers in . Arc-sous-Cicon Arc-sous-Cicon is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Arc-sous-Montenot Arc-sous-Montenot is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Abbenans Abbenans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Accolans Accolans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Adam-lès-Passavant Adam-lès-Passavant is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Bouverans Bouverans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Dummy tank A dummy tank is a real-sized model that looks like a tank. Dummy tanks have several uses: As of 2020, there are models that can trick radar systems. Unmanned aerial vehicles are usually better at detecting dummy tanks than real fighter aircraft. The first dummy tanks were used in the 1920s and 1930s: they were modified tractors. Who's Your Daddy? (video game) Who's Your Daddy (Stylized as Who's Your Daddy?!) is an indie video game by "Joseph Dave Williams" under the pseudonym "Evil Tortilla Games". The game was released in early access on December 23, 2015. The full game was released on May 13, 2016. The Lost City The Lost City is a 2022 American action-adventure film directed by The Nee Brothers. The brothers Oren Uziel and Dana Fox co-wrote the screenplay for the film from a story conceived by Seth Gordon. The film stars Sandra Bullock, Channing Tatum, Daniel Radcliffe, Da'Vine Joy Randolph, and Brad Pitt. The project was announced in October 2020, with Bullock joining as producer and star and Tatum joining that December, while the rest of the cast was announced the following year. The filming took place in the Dominican Republic from May to August 2021. The movie had its world premiere at South by Southwest on March 12, 2022. It was released in the United States on March 25,2022, by Paramount Pictures. Plot. Loretta Sage is a grumpy middle-aged author who writes romance-adventure novels centered around a fictional hero named Dash McMahon, who is portrayed by cover model Alan Caprison. Her publisher, Beth, insists that she must embark on a book tour with Alan as an effort to relieve Loretta of her reclusiveness. After a disastrous start, mostly due to the popularity of Alan's Dash persona, Loretta is met by eccentric billionaire Abigail Fairfax. Fairfax realizes that Loretta has based her books on actual historic research she did with her deceased archaeologist husband. Fairfax has discovered a lost city on a remote Atlantic island and is convinced that this is the location of 'The Crown of Fire,' a priceless treasure. When Loretta declines to help decipher an ancient map to the treasure, Fairfax, who fears the site will be destroyed by an active volcano, kidnaps Loretta and takes her to the island. Alan, who is secretly enamored with Loretta, witnesses her kidnapping. He recruits Jack Trainer, an ex-Navy SEAL turned CIA operative, to meet him at the island and coordinate a rescue attempt. Jack, with no assistance from Alan, breaches Fairfax's compound and frees Loretta, but is shot in the head before he, Loretta and Alan can make it to the airport, forcing the two to escape into the jungle. Loretta and Alan spend a day fighting off Fairfax's henchmen before reaching a nearby village, where upon hearing a folk song from a local, Loretta deduces that the crown is hidden in a sinkhole in the jungle. The pair are kidnapped again and forced to share the treasure's location with Fairfax. Upon reaching the location, they discover the tomb of a queen, whose 'Crown of Fire' was made of red seashells gathered by her husband who is buried with her; the actual treasure of the legend wasn't a priceless jewel but the inseparable love between the king and queen. Infuriated, Fairfax forces them into the tomb as the volcano erupts, but one of the henchmen has a change of heart and leaves a crowbar to help them escape before abandoning Fairfax on the island. Beth arrives with the local Coast Guard and Fairfax, having pretended to be stranded to get rescued, is arrested for his crimes. Loretta's next book, based on their adventures, is a hit, and she and Alan share a kiss while on vacation. In a mid-credits scene, Jack, having survived his assassination attempt, attends a yoga class alongside Loretta and Alan, surprising them. Cast. Additionally, Raymond Lee appears as Officer Gomez, Bowen Yang as Ray the Moderator, and co-director Adam Nee as Officer Sawyer. Brey-et-Maison-du-Bois Brey-et-Maison-du-Bois is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Chapelle-des-Bois Chapelle-des-Bois is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Châtillon-sur-Lison Châtillon-sur-Lison is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Aibre Aibre is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Malax Malax () is a municipality in Ostrobothnia, Finland. As of 31 December 2021, the municipality had a population of 5,486. Neighbouring municipalities are Korsholm, Korsnäs, Kurikka, Laihia, Närpes and Vaasa. Korsnäs Korsnäs is a municipality in Ostrobothnia, Finland. As of 31 December 2021, the municipality had a population of 2,050. Neighbouring municipalities are Malax and Närpes. Chapelle-d'Huin Chapelle-d'Huin is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Les Mureaux Les Mureaux is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Yvelines department in north-central France. In 2019, 33,203 people lived there. The commune is in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, from the center. Twin towns. Les Mureaux is twinned with: Ouray, Colorado Ouray () is a home rule municipality that is the county seat of Ouray County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 1,000 as of the 2010 census. C. W. McCall William Dale Fries Jr. (November 15, 1928 – April 1, 2022), best known by his stage name C. W. McCall, was an American singer-songwriter, activist and politician. He was known for his outlaw country songs. McCall was born in Audubon, Iowa. His career lasted from 1944 until 2003. He was the Mayor of Ouray, Colorado from 1986 until 1992. His 1975 single "Convoy" became a #1 hit in 1976. In February 2022, McCall was diagnosed with lung cancer and was sent to hospice care in Montrose, Colorado. He died on April 1, 2022 from the disease, aged 93. Jolanta Lothe Jolanta Lothe (19 April 1942 – 1 April 2022) was a Polish actress. Her career began in 1965. She played Basia in the 1969 movie "Hunting Flies" and Terka in the 1974 movie "The Deluge". Lothe died on 1 April 2022 in Warsaw, Poland, eighteen days before her 80th birthday. Montrose, Colorado Montrose is a home rule municipality. It is the county seat of Montrose County, Colorado, United States. 20,291 people lived there at the 2020 United States Census. Aleksandra Yakovleva Aleksandra Evgenievna Yakovleva (born Aleksandra Evgenievna Ivanes, ; 2 July 1957 – 1 April 2022) was a Soviet and Russian actress and businesswoman. She was one of the most popular actresses in 1980s. She was in the Soviet disaster movie "Air Crew" (1979) had the first erotic scene in a mainstream domestic Soviet movie. Yakovleva died in Moscow, Russia on 1 April 2022 from breast cancer at the age of 64. St. Anthony, Minnesota St. Anthony is a city in Hennepin and Ramsey counties in the U.S. state of Minnesota. Blaine, Minnesota Blaine is a city in Anoka and Ramsey counties in the U.S. state of Minnesota. The population was 70,222 at the 2020 census. Spring Lake Park, Minnesota Spring Lake Park is a city in Anoka and Ramsey counties in the U.S. state of Minnesota. Chaux-Neuve Chaux-Neuve is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Courvières Courvières is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Aïssey Aïssey is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Allenjoie Allenjoie is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Rayman Rayman is a video game series created by Michael Ancel, It was distributed by Ubisoft The first game was launched on 1995. The series is about Rayman, a magic character on fantastic worlds. Legal gender Legal gender is a word that is used to regard someone as male or female under the law. They consider sex and gender to determine legal gender of someone. If someone's legal gender is different from their feeling, they face problems in their life. Kamen Rider Gaim Kamen Rider Gaim is a Japanese television series, a tokusatsu drama that is in the Kamen Rider Series. Schedule. Super Hero Time aired alongside "Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger" and then "Ressha Sentai ToQger". Regions Tower The Regions Tower (Regions Bank), formerly AmSouth Tower and before that the Commercial National Bank tower, is a high-rise in Shreveport, Louisiana in the United States. Beyond Mombasa Beyond Mombasa is a 1956 British American adventure movie directed by George Marshall and starring Cornel Wilde, Donna Reed, Leo Genn, Ron Randell, Christopher Lee. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures. Lok Ningthou Lok Ningthou is a God in Meitei mythology and religion of Ancient Kangleipak. He is the God of , , , , , and . He is the Guardian God of the Southern direction. He is a son of Wangbren (), the God of water. Etymology. In Meitei language (Manipuri language), the term "Lok" (ꯂꯣꯛ, /lok/) has multiple meanings. It means a or a . "Lok" also means a or a or a or a or a . In Meitei language (Manipuri language), the term "Ningthou" (ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ, /niŋ.tʰəu/) means "king" or "ruler". Description. God Lok Ningthou is also given the title "Khana Chaoba" (or "Khana Chaopa") like his father Wangbren (). He is also known as "Noushuba Mihingchi" (). He is known for having seven children. God Lok Ningthou is one of the Lainingthous. He is also one of the ten Maikei Ngaakpa Lais. Femke Halsema Femke Halsema (born 25 April 1966) is a Dutch politician of GreenLeft ("GroenLinks", shortened "GL"). She has been mayor of Amsterdam since 12 July 2018. Halsema was born in Haarlem and grew up in Enschede. She studied criminology at Utrecht University. She was an MP from May 1998 to January 2011 and leading the GreenLeft parliamentary group from November 2002 to December 2010, being party leader the same time. Halsema did also some academic teaching and wrote several publications about political and sociological topics, including her political autobiography. Her partner is documentary maker Robert Oey. Frond A frond is a large, divided leaf. The leaves of ferns are referred to as fronds. Some botanists only use this term for ferns. Other botanists also use the term 'frond' for the large leaves of cycads, as well as palms (Arecaceae) and various other flowering plants, such as mimosa or sumac. "Frond" is commonly used to identify a large, compound leaf. If the term is used for the leaves of ferns and algae it may be applied to smaller and undivided leaves. Bokermann's casque-headed tree frog Bokermann's casque-headed frog ("Trachycephalus atlas") is a frog that lives in northeastern Brazil. Barricade A barricade is an improvised barrier that is used to direct traffic, block passage, defend a small area, etc. Barricades differ from fortifications, fences and walls in that they are temporary. Inzlingen Inzlingen is a municipality in Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is famous for its castle, which is known since 1511. Eimeldingen Eimeldingen is a municipality in Lörrach, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Binzen Binzen is a municipality in Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Todtnau Todtnau is a town in Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In 2020, 4,823 people lived there. Geography. It is in the Black Forest, on the river Wiese, 20 km southeast of Freiburg. The municipality has 8 districts ("Ortsteil"): Fischingen, Baden-Württemberg Fischingen is a municipality in Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Aitern Aitern is a municipality in Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Bad Bellingen Bad Bellingen is a municipality in Lörrach, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Twin towns. Bad Bellingen is twinned with: Duchy of Swabia The Duchy of Swabia (German: "Herzogtum Schwaben") was one of the five stem duchies of medieval Germany. It started in the 10th century in the southwestern area that had been settled by Alemanni tribes in Late Antiquity era. Schallbach Schallbach is a municipality in Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. National anthem of Austria The national anthem of Austria (), also called "Land der Berge, Land am Strome" (; "Land of the Mountains, Land by the River"}}) was adopted in 1946. The melody was originally attributed to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart but is now disputed by different composers. End of Watch End of Watch is a 2012 American action thriller movie directed by David Ayer and starring Jake Gyllenhaal, Michael Peña, Natalie Martinez, Anna Kendrick, David Harbour, Frank Grillo, America Ferrera. It was distributed by Open Road Films. Le Crouzet Le Crouzet is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Fourcatier-et-Maison-Neuve Fourcatier-et-Maison-Neuve is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Gellin Gellin is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Les Grangettes Les Grangettes is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Human rights in Brunei Male and female homosexuality is illegal in Brunei. Sexual relations between men are punishable by death or whipping; sex between women is punishable by caning or imprisonment. In May 2019, the Brunei government extended its existing moratorium on the death penalty to the Sharia criminal code as well that made homosexual acts punishable with death by stoning. Néoules Néoules is a commune of 2,828 people (2019). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France. Ollières Ollières is a commune of 650 people (2019). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France. Pignans Pignans is a commune of 4,588 people (2019). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France. Ollioules Ollioules is a commune of 13,866 people (2019). It is in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in the Var department in southeast France. Les Hôpitaux-Neufs Les Hôpitaux-Neufs is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Human rights in Singapore Human rights in Singapore are codified in the Constitution of Singapore, which sets out the legal rights of its citizens. These rights are protected by the Constitution and include amendments and referendums. Jougne Jougne is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Geography. The commune is about of Pontarlier and from the Swiss border. Human rights in Indonesia Human rights in Indonesia are defined by the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945) and the laws under it. Some rights were only given after the Reform era. The Ministry of Law and Human Rights deals with human rights issues in the cabinet. The National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM) is the country's national human rights institution. Actions by the government of Indonesia have been noted as concerning by advocates for human rights. LGBT rights in the country. In 1982, the first gay rights interest group was established in Indonesia. "Lambda Indonesia" and other similar organisations arose in the late 1980s and 1990s. Today, some of the major LGBT associations in the nation include "GAYa NUSANTARA" and "Arus Pelangi". Section 377 Section 377 of the British colonial penal code punished all sexual acts "against the order of nature". This law was used to punish people who performed oral and anal sex. This law also punished homosexual. The penal code remains in many former colonies and has been used to criminalize third gender people, such as the "apwint" in Myanmar. In 2018, British politician Theresa May acknowledged how the legacies of British colonial anti-sodomy laws continue to persist today in the form of discrimination, violence, and death. Colonial history. Although Section 377 did not explicitly include the word "homosexual", it has been used to prosecute homosexual activity. The provision was introduced by authorities in the Raj in 1862 as Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code and functioned as the legal impetus behind the criminalization of what was referred to as, "unnatural offenses" throughout the various colonies, in several cases with the same section number. Remains. Although most colonies have since gained independence through statehood since Section 377 was implemented, it remains in the penal codes of the following countries: Labergement-Sainte-Marie Labergement-Sainte-Marie is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Levier Levier is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. On 1 January 2017, the former commune of Labergement-du-Navois became a part of Levier. Labergement-du-Navois Labergement-du-Navois is a former commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. On 1 January 2017, it became a part of the commune of Levier. Sima Sarıkaya Sima Sarıkaya (born March 10, 1975, İstanbul) is a Turkish pop music artist, actor, composer. She first became known with her song "Herşeye Rağmen" ("Despite Everything") in 1996. Longevilles-Mont-d'Or Longevilles-Mont-d'Or is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Poções Poções is an Brazilian municipality in the state of Bahia. Dobrich Dobrich () is a city in northeastern Bulgaria and is the capital of Dobrich Province. It is the ninth-largest city by population of the country. In 2019, 83,584 people lived here. The city is 30 km west of the Black Sea coast, not far from resorts such as Albena, Balchik and Golden Sands. Shumen Shumen (, also romanized as "Shoumen" or "Šumen") is a city in eastern Bulgaria and is the capital of Shumen Province. In 2018, 75,550 people lived there. From 1950 to 1965, the city was called Kolarovgrad. Pernik Pernik () is a city in western Bulgaria, about southwest of the capital Sofia. It is the capital of Pernik Province. About 75,000 people lived there. The city is on both banks of the Struma River in the Pernik Valley between the Golo Bardo, Vitosha, Lyulin and Viskyar mountains. Twin towns. Pernik is twinned with: Bucha, Kyiv Oblast Bucha () is a city of oblast significance in Kyiv Oblast (province) of Ukraine. In 2021, 36,971 people lived there. Battle of Bucha (2022). The Battle of Bucha happened during the Kyiv offensive, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Between 27 February and 31 March, the city was occupied by the Russian Armed Forces, who have allegedly murdered hundreds of Ukrainian civilians during the Bucha massacre. The city was badly damaged during the battle. List of Nickelodeon Animation Studio productions This is a list of things created by Nickelodeon Animation Studios. Direct-to-video movies. All the movies (except "Batman vs. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" and the international release of "Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure") were distributed to home video by Paramount Home Entertainment. Theatrical movies. All the movies are distributed by Paramount Pictures and produced by Nickelodeon Movies. Socialist Republic of Croatia The Socialist Republic of Croatia (), or SR Croatia, was a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It is the predecessor of modern-day Croatia. It was formed during World War II and became a socialist republic after the war. It had four full official names during its 48-year existence. By territory and population, it was the second largest republic in Yugoslavia, after the Socialist Republic of Serbia. In 1990, the government dismantled the single-party system of government – installed by the League of Communists – and adopted a multi-party democracy. The newly elected government of Franjo Tuđman moved the republic towards independence, formally seceding from Yugoslavia in 1991 and thereby contributing to its dissolution. Christian Alder Christian Alder (born 3 September 1978) is a German former professional footballer who played as a defender. Career. Alder was born in Wittmund, Lower Saxony. From 1997 and 2000 he played for Arminia Bielefeld through their relegation and promotion to the Bundesliga. He then played for VfL Osnabrück in 2001 and FC Augsburg between 2002 and 2004. From 2004 to 2006 he played for SSV Jahn Regensburg. In 2006, Alder moved to VfR Aalen and left the team in June 2009 and signed with Anorthosis Famagusta in 22 July 2009. Following the sacking of Ernst Middendorp, Alder was released on 13 August 2009. Alder left Cyprus in January 2010 and signed for German club KFC Uerdingen 05. Martin Amedick Martin Amedick (born 6 September 1982) is a football player who currently plays for SC Paderborn 07 II. He started his professional career in 2001 as a defender for Arminia Bielefeld. After failing to reach Bielefeld's first team, he moved to Eintracht Braunschweig in 2004, where he became a regular starter. In 2006, he moved to Borussia Dortmund. After two years he moved to 1. FC Kaiserslautern, before signing for Eintracht Frankfurt four years later. In the summer of 2013, he returned to SC Paderborn 07, where he spent three years as a youth player. Bucha Bucha may refer to: Retry Retry was a free-to-play retro-styled side-scrolling video game made by Rovio LVL11 and published by Rovio Entertainment. Inspired by "Flappy Bird", "Retry" had similar controls. Release. The game was soft launched in Finland, Canada, and Poland in May 2014. The worldwide iOS and Android release was on October 22, 2014. As of 2017 Retry has been taken off the app stores. Reception. Patrick O'Rourke of canada.com described the game as taking "one of the few things that was great about Flappy Bird". He saw its visuals as paying homage to the Nintendo Entertainment System without "completely ripping them off" as Flappy Bird had done. He summarised the game as a "decent pick-up-and-play iOS title". Papyrus (typeface) Papyrus is a widely available typeface designed by Chris Costello, a graphic designer, illustrator, and web designer. History. Papyrus was made in 1982. It was hand-drawn over a period of six months by means of calligraphy pen and textured paper. Papyrus has a number of features. This includes rough edges and irregular curves etc. Variants. An alternative font published by Elsner+Flake is Papyrus EF Alternatives (or Papyrus EF Regular). It provides a slight variation to Costello's font. Its differences include a shorter, sharper capital P, a capital E with a top bar longer than the middle bar, and a swash A. Availability. Microsoft Windows. Papyrus has been included in many programs for Microsoft Windows. macOS. macOS includes Papyrus font as part of its basic installation (starting with version 10.3 Panther, released in 2003). Allondans Allondans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Baton Rouge metropolitan area The Baton Rouge metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget, or simply the Baton Rouge metropolitan area or Greater Baton Rouge, is a sprawling metropolitan statistical area surrounding the city of Baton Rouge. Its principal city Baton Rouge is unusual because it has no major incorporated satellite cities, a rarity for a metropolitan area of its size. Comprising the western edge of the Florida Parishes regions, it is known as "Plantation Country", the "Capital Region", and "The 225" (a reference to its area code). At the 2010 U.S. census, the metropolitan area had a population of 802,484, up from 705,973 in 2000. At the 2020 census, its population increased to 870,569, up from 2020 estimates at 858,571. Kangasala Kangasala is a city in Finland, about 16 km east of Tampere. It is in Pirkanmaa. The city was founded in 1865. As of 31 December 2021, the city had a population of 32,627. Nearby municipalities include Kuhmoinen, Lempäälä, Orivesi, Padasjoki, Pälkäne, Tampere and Valkeakoski. The former municipality of Sahalahti was merged into Kangasala on 1 January 2005 and the former municipality of Kuhmalahti was merged into Kangasala on 1 January 2011. Pälkäne Pälkäne is a municipality in Pirkanmaa, Finland. As of 31 December 2021, the municipality had a population of 6,439. Nearby municipalities are Hattula, Hämeenlinna, Kangasala, Padasjoki and Valkeakoski. The former municipality of Luopioinen was merged on 1 January 2007. Neil Swarbrick Neil Swarbrick is an English retired football referee who officiated primarily in the Premier League having been promoted to the Select Group of Referees in 2011. He is based in Preston, Lancashire and a member of the Lancashire County Football Association. Career. He took up refereeing relatively late, at the age of 29. Within six years, he was promoted to the National List of assistant referees. He fulfilled this role for four years before being added to the Referees' List. He refereed in the Football Conference until moving up into the Football League. He has also officiated the FA Cup and EFL Cup matches. His first PL appointment came in December 2010 when he took charge of a goalless draw between Fulham and Sunderland. During his second PL appointment in February 2011, he issued his first red card in England's top division DJ Campbell of Blackpool as they lost 4–0 away to Wolves. He retired from refereeing at the end of the 2017/18 season however will continue to work and lead the VAR in the Premier League. Statistics. Season: 2005/06: Games: 29. Total (yellow card): 57. per game (yellow card): 1.97. Total (red card): 2 and per game (red card) 0.07.<br>Season: 2006/07: Games: 34. Total (yellow card): 96. per game (yellow card): 2.82. Total (red card): 9 and per game (red card): 0.26.<br>Season: 2007/08: Games: 38. Total (yellow card): 76. per game (yellow card): 2.00. Total (red card): 8 and per game (red card): 0.21.<br>Season: 2008/09: Games: 36. Total (yellow card): 82. per game (yellow card): 2.28. Total (red card): 4 and per game (red card): 0.11.<br>Season: 2009/10: Games: 35. Total (yellow card): 104. per game (yellow card): 2.97. Total (red card): 8 and per game (red card): 0.23.<br>Season: 2010/11: Games: 40. Total (yellow card): 108. per game (yellow card): 2.70. Total (red card): 8 and per game (red card): 0.20.<br>Season: 2011/12: Games: 30. Total (yellow card): 107. per game (yellow card): 3.57. Total (red card): 7 and per game (red card): 0.23.<br>Season: 2012/13: Games: 31. Total (yellow card): 111. per game (yellow card): 3.58. Total (red card): 1 and per game (red card): 0.03. Ruovesi Ruovesi is a municipality in Pirkanmaa, Finland. As of 31 December 2021, the municipality had a population of 4,154. Nearby municipalities are Juupajoki, Mänttä-Vilppula, Orivesi, Tampere, Virrat and Ylöjärvi. Most people speak Finnish. Helvetinjärvi National Park is in Ruovesi. The biggest lake in the area of the municipality is Lake Ruovesi. Malbuisson Malbuisson is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Darren England Darren Jon Herbert England (born 23 December 1985) is a English football referee who officiates in the Premier League. He was promoted in August 2020. In December 2021, the PGMOL announced that England had been added to the 2022 FIFA List of International Match Officials. Prior to this, England has been a Select Group 2 referee since 2017, and prior to this, he had been a Premier League assistant referee between 2012 and 2015. Career. He refereed the League Two Play-Off Final in 2017 between Blackpool v Exeter City and then was promoted to the Select Group 2 list. England appeared on the PGMOL social media pages and was interviewed about his refereeing experiences which was all apart of the PGMOL's 'Breaking Barriers' campaign. Aditya Seal Aditya Seal is an Indian actor who appears in Hindi-language films. He made his acting and Bollywood debut with the romantic film "Ek Chhotisi Love Story". His other releases include "Student of the Year 2", "Indoo Ki Jawani" and "99 Songs" etc. Slow-scan television SSTV (Slow-scan television) is a way of sending a picture on radio waves, it is different from normal television because only one picture is sent very slowly, hence why it's called slow scan, instead of 24 or 30 pictures per second on normal television, SSTV is also not used for entertainment, although radio hobbyists may enjoy collecting pictures that they receive, or seeing if they can receive a picture from a very far away transmitter (DXing). SSTV is also narrow bandwith, that means the signal is "thinner" it uses much less of the radio spectrum then normal television. SSTV works by turning a picture into sounds, tones that represent the color and brightness of the lines that make up the picture, these sounds can be transmitted over radio and heard and decoded by other people. Below is an example of SSTV audio There are different modes of SSTV, which change the quality of the picture or if it's color, for example, a mode called B/W 8 is very low quality, but it doesn't take that long to transmit, whereas PD 240 is much higher quality, but takes a lot longer to transmit. SSTV was first used by NASA to beam down pictures of the moon or from the space shuttle, but nowadays it's mainly used by amatuar radio operators and radio pirates, an amatuar radio SSTV picture will often have information on it about the station or person it came from. The International Space Station still occasionally sends down an SSTV picture or series of pictures. SSTV is also sometimes used in things that aren't radio, a video game called Portal had SSTV recordings hidden in certain locations, when people decoded them, they revealed more about the storyline in the game. Métabief Métabief is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Bamako (movie) Bamako is a 2006 Malian French American drama movie directed by Abderrahmane Sissako and starring Aïssa Maïga, Tiécoura Traoré, Hélène Diarra. The Wind (1982 movie) The Wind () is a 1982 Malian drama movie directed by Souleymane Cissé and starring Goundo Guissé, Fousseyni Sissoko, Balla Moussa Keïta, Ismaïla Sarr, Oumou Diarra, Soumaïla Cissé. Fire! (1991 movie) Fire! (; ) is a 1991 Malian drama movie directed by Adama Drabo and starring Djeneba Diawara, Mamadou Fomba, Balla Moussa Keita, Diarrah Sanogo, Fily Traoré. Odomez Odomez is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 924 people lived there. Bierne Bierne is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 1,801 people lived there. Raillencourt-Sainte-Olle Raillencourt-Sainte-Olle is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 2,179 people lived there. Axis of Resistance The Axis of Resistance, also known as the Axis of Evil, is a political term reffering to an unofficial military alliance between Iran, Syria, and other groups. Hezbollah is also often considered a member of the Axis of Resistance. The Houthi movement and the Popular Mobilization Forces have also been sometimes considered members of the Axis of Resistance. It has been involved in the War on Terrorism and related conflicts. The Axis of Resistance is commonly defined by anti-NATO, anti-Israeli, and anti-Saudi Arabian sentinments. Some non-Shia groups such as Hamas are sometimes considered members of the Axis of Resistance. Common degu The common degu is a small rodent from Chile. They live in the Chilean matorral in central Chile. They are related to chinchillas and guinea pigs. The word "degu" comes from the indigenous language of Chile, Mapudungun, and the word "dewü", meaning 'mouse' or 'rat'. Beringian wolf The Beringian wolf is an extinct population of wolf that lived during the Ice Age. It lived in Alaska, Yukon, and northern Wyoming. Some of these wolves survived into the Holocene. They were distinct from modern North Americans wolves and genetically basal to most modern and extinct wolves. They do not have a subspecies classification. The Beringian wolf was similar in size to the modern Alaskan Interior wolf, or Yukon Wolf, and other gray wolves from the Late Pleistocene age. However, they were more robust, had stronger teeth and jaws, a broader palate, and larger carnassial teeth. Its strong teeth helped it hunt Pleistocene megafauna. The Beringian wolf mostly preyed on horse and steppe bison. It also preyed on caribou, mammoth, and woodland muskox. Many of the animals that the Beringian wolf hunted became extinct near the end of the Ice Age. Cold and dry conditions were also lost. As a result, the Beringian wolf became extinct. The extinction of its prey has been thought to be caused by climate change and competition with other species. Populations of Beringian wolves were replaced by other wolves from the same species or genus. Alien Sector Alien Sector or is an run-and-gun shoter game developed and published by Namco in 1985. "Alien Shooter" runs on Namco Pac-Land hardware, but with a video system liked that used previously on "Metro-Cross" and "Dragon Buster" (modified to vertical scrolling and a 1048 color palette) in 1995, the game was ported to Sharp X68000. Then released as compliation arcades in the "Namco Museum" series on PlayStation. It also appeared in "Namco Museum Virtual Arcade" on the Xbox 360, and most recently as one of the games available on "Pac-Man Pixel Bash". Sequel to the game; "Baraduke 2" released in 1988, exclusively in Japan. Kevin Friend Kevin Friend (born 8 July 1971) is an English past football referee who is Select Group 2 Manager for PGMOL. He is based in Leicester. Friend is a member of the Leicestershire and Rutland County Football Association.. His most notable work has been to referee the 2012 FA Community Shield, the 2013 Football League Cup Final and the 2019 FA Cup Final. Martin Atkinson Martin Atkinson (born 31 March 1971) is a retired English professional football referee who officiated primarily in the Premier League. He is also a school teacher and a supporter for Premier League club Leeds United. He is a member of the West Riding County Football Association. Atkinson made his first appearance as an official in the Football League as an assistant referee in 1995. Since he was promoted so the list of Select Group Referees in 2005, he has refereed a number of notable matches, including the FA Community Shield and the finals of the FA Trophy, EFL Cup, and the UEFA Europa League. System Flaw System Flaw (System Flaw Recruit on DSiWare) is an action shooter video game that was made and released by American studio Storm City Games. It came out for the Nintendo DSi on October 27, 2009 in North America, as the first game on a cartridge ("Nintendo DSi-exclusive"), and January 21, 2001 in Europe, and on DSiWare in North America on April 26, 2010 and Europe on April 16, 2010. Players shoot enemies named "flaws", which are at what the camera sees. Jonathan Moss (referee) Jonathan "Jon" Moss (born 18 October 1970) was an English former football referee and a professional headteacher. He officiated primarily in the Premier League, having been promoted to the Select Group of Referees in 2011. He is currently Select Group 1 Manager for the PGMOL. Moss was born in Sunderland. He is now based in Horsforth, West Yorkshire. He is a member of the West Riding County Football Association. Career. Born in Sunderland, Moss grew up as a fan of football. He was given a football scholarship at Central Connecticut State University in the United States. Instead of going to the United States, Moss finished his studies with a degree of teaching and physical education at the University of Leeds. He played junior football at academy level for Sunderland and Millwall. He stopped playing because the travelling to the London club caused problems with his studies. Bucha, Saale-Holzland Bucha is a municipality in Saale-Holzland, in Thuringia, Germany. Berovo Berovo () is a town in the eastern part of North Macedonia, near the Maleševo Mountains. It is the seat of Berovo Municipality. Somatic symptom disorder A somatic symptom disorder is a mental condition focuses on physical symptoms that they have. The symptoms can't be explained by a medical condition or by substance abuse. Symptoms include shortness of breath, pain and weakness. Before 2013, somatic symptom disorders were called somatoform disorders. Symptoms can be similar to other conditions. They will sometimes last for years. Females report somatic problems almost ten times as often as males of the same (or similar) mental conditions. Symptoms often happen before age 50, but usual diagnoses are age 30 and earlier. The disorder is very controversial because some individuals say the name refers to mental illness. Andrew Madley Andrew "Andy" Madley (born 5 September 1983) is an English football referee. Career and Matches. Medley began his career as a referee in Wakefield. He soon became a Level 3A referee in 2008. As a Level 3A referee, he was able to be an assistant referee for the three Football League divisions. The next year, he was promoted to the Panel List. He could now referee the Conference divisions. He was promoted again in 2010 when he became a Select Group Assistant Referee. At this point in his career, he started officiating on the Premier League. In 2011, hebecame a National List Referee. At the start of the 2016–17 season, Madley was a Select Group 2 referee. He mostly refereed in the Championship. He was piut in charge of a Premier League game for the first time on 31 March 2018. It was a match Watford and Bournemouth. In June 2019, he was promoted to the Select Group 1 Referees list. Madley refereed the Football League Two Play-Off Semi-Final match between Cheltenham Town and Northampton Town on 4 May 2013. He also refereed the FA Vase Final on 9 May 2015 between Glossop North End and North Shields. In 2015, Madley refereed the Football League One Play-Off Semi-Final between Preston North End and Swindon Town on 24 May 2015. On 19 May 2019, Madley refereed the FA Trophy Final at Wembley Stadium. The match was between Leyton Orient and AFC Fylde. He also refereed the EFL League One Play Off Final between Charlton Athletic and Sunderland on 26 May 2019. His younger brother is Robert Madley. Strumica Strumica () is a city in southeastern North Macedonia. About 35,000 people lived there. It is near the border with Bulgaria and Greece. The city is named after the Strumica River which runs through it. Kumanovo Kumanovo (; ) is a city in North Macedonia, near the capital city of Skopje. In 2002, 70,842 people lived there. Brusimpiano Brusimpiano is a "comune" (municipality) on Lake Lugano in the Province of Varese in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is about northwest of Milan and about north of Varese, on the border with Switzerland. Brusimpiano is next to these municipalities: Barbengo (Switzerland), Caslano (Switzerland), Cuasso al Monte, Lavena Ponte Tresa, Marzio, Morcote (Switzerland), Porto Ceresio. Porto Ceresio Porto Ceresio is a "comune" (municipality) on Lake Lugano in the Province of Varese in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is about northwest of Milan and about northeast of Varese, on the border with Switzerland. Porto Ceresio is next to these municipalities: Besano, Brusimpiano, Brusino Arsizio (Switzerland), Cuasso al Monte, Meride (Switzerland), Morcote (Switzerland). Esino Lario Esino Lario is a "comune" (municipality) of the Province of Lecco in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is about north of Milan, northwest of Lecco, and about from the eastern shore of Lake Como. Esino Lario is next to these municipalities: Cortenova, Lierna, Mandello del Lario, Parlasco, Pasturo, Perledo, Primaluna, Taceno and Varenna. Lavena Ponte Tresa Lavena Ponte Tresa is a "comune" (municipality) on Lake Lugano in the Province of Varese in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is about northwest of Milan and about north of Varese, on the border with Switzerland. Lavena Ponte Tresa is next to these municipalities: Brusimpiano, Cadegliano-Viconago, Caslano (Switzerland), Croglio (Switzerland), Marzio, Ponte Tresa (Switzerland). Lee Mason Lee Stephen Mason (born 29 October 1971) is the English professional video assistant referee primarily in the Premier League. He was born in Sunderland. Mason is a former chairman of Sunderland’s Referees' Society and is associated with the North East County Football Association. Education and family. He attended Thornleigh College in Bolton and then the Liverpool Institute of Higher Education between 1990 and 1993, living in Newman Hall, where he gained his degree. Whilst there he played for his college football team as well as being a regular compere, hosting a variety of social events at a students' union club. Mason's younger brother, Andy, is a former professional footballer who was a trainee at Bolton Wanderers, and played professionally for Hull City, among others, before ending up playing in Non-League. He retired from on-field duties at the end of the 2020–21 season, but will become the league's first dedicated Video Assistant Referee from the 2021—22 season. Montperreux Montperreux is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Mouthe Mouthe is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Oye-et-Pallet Oye-et-Pallet is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Petite-Chaux Petite-Chaux is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Siouxland Siouxland is the name for the drainage basin of the Big Sioux River. (Sioux is pronounced like Sue). The people in the area think they have a common history, even though the territory today is part of several U.S. states. They also feel like belonging together in other ways. The author Frederick Manfred first used the term Siouxland, in 1946. Important cities in the area include Sioux Falls, South Dakota, Sioux City, Iowa and Norfolk, Nebraska. New River tree frog The New River tree frog ("Trachycephalus hadroceps") is a frog that lives in Guyana and French Guiana. Scientists think it might also live in Suriname. Varennes Varennes is the name of several places: France. Varennes is the name of several communes in France: It is also part of the name of several communes in France: Varennes-sur-Seine Varennes-sur-Seine is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Seine-et-Marne department in north-central France. Cladotheria Cladotheria is a taxonomic group. It includes two of the three living groups of mammals. These are the placental mamnals and the marsupials. The monotremes are not in this group, but all other living mammals are in the group. The Cladotheria also includes some groups which have become extinct. Common traits. Members of the group have a number of common traits: Varennes-lès-Mâcon Varennes-lès-Mâcon is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Saône-et-Loire department in east France. Saint-Aubin-lès-Elbeuf Saint-Aubin-lès-Elbeuf is a commune. It is in Normandy in the Seine-Maritime department in north France. Lambersart Lambersart is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 27,400 people lived there. Natalka Bilotserkivets Natalka Bilotserkivets (born November 8, 1954) is a Ukrainian poet and translator. She is said to be one of the most prominent Ukrainian poets, alive. "[I]n 1967, when she was 13", her "first poem, “A Word on Your Native Tongue” [was published] in News from Ukraine", media said. She has won Book of the Month contests in 2000 and 2004. Ethnologue Ethnologue is an annual publication which lists information about all living languages of the world. Ethnologue uses a three letter code to identify a language.It also classifies the languages into ten different groups, based on how common they are. The classification is from international language, to extinct language. The organism that publishes Ethnologue is called SIL international. Horlivka Horlivka (; , "Gorlovka") is a city of regional significance in Donetsk Oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine. In 2021, 241,106 people lived there. Twin towns. Horlivka is twinned with: Heian Heian may refer to: Melitopol Melitopol (; ) is a city in Zaporizhzhia Oblast (province) of southeastern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Melitopol Raion (district). In 2021, 150,768 people lived there. Fastiv Fastiv () is a city in Kyiv Oblast (province) of central Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Fastiv Raion (district). In 2021, 44,841 people lived there. Santiago Rivero Santiago José Rivero Cruz (El Repilado, Huelva, 22 September 1988) is a Spanish politician belonging to the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, and member of the Asamblea de Madrid. Early life and career. Santiago was born in Huelva, Spain. He studied his undergraduate courses at the IES San José, in Cortejana, Huelva. He graduated in Political Science and Administration at the Complutense University of Madrid. Later, he graduated with a master's degree in Search engine optimization and Search Engine Marketing. He is member of the Asamblea de Madrid since 8 June 2021, after regional elections. He is openly gay. He is member of COGAM, a LGBT society in Spain. He joined to Spanish Socialist Workers' Party in 2019, after being member of Ciudadanos (Cs), a political party of Spain. In 2021, he sent a message to Rocío Monasterio (from Vox, a far right party) against Madrid LGBT rights law revocation, proposed by Vox and requested as a requirement to sign the government agreement with the Popular Party of Isabel Díaz Ayuso. Javier Imbroda Francisco Javier Imbroda Ortiz (8 January 1961 – 2 April 2022) was a Spanish basketball coach and politician. He was the sixth coach with the most games directed in the Liga ACB. He was born in Melilla, Spain. He was a member of the Andalusian Parliament since 2018 and Regional Minister of Culture and Sports since 2019. Imbroda died on 2 April 2022 in Malaga, Spain from prostate cancer, aged 61. Rose apple The Rose Apple ("Syzygium jambos") is a type of apple found in 1762. It is related to the Guava, is native to the East Indies and Malaya. The Rose Apple is cultivated and naturalized in many parts of India, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Later, it was introduced to Jamaica and became well distributed in the West Indies and at low elevations, from Southern Mexico to Peru. In 1825, eight young trees were taken from Rio de Janeiro to Hawaii by ship. In 1853, a United States warship delivered avocado and rose apple trees from Central America to the Island of Hilo. The rose apple became further naturalized on the islands of Kauai, Molokai, Oahu, Maui and Hawaii. Plant Appearance. The rose apple tree may be merely a shrub but is generally a tree reaching 25 or even 40 ft (7.5-12 m) in height, and has a dense crown of slender, wide-spreading branches, often the overall width exceeding the height. The flowers are creamy-white or greenish-white, 2 to 4 in (5-10 cm) wide, consisting mostly of about 300 noticeable stamens to 1 1/2 in (4 cm) long, a 4-lobed calyx, and 4 greenish-white, concave petals. There are usually 4 or 5 flowers together in terminal cluster. Fruit Appearance. The fruit is nearly round, oval, or slightly pear-shaped, 1 0.5 to 2 in (4-5 cm) long, with smooth, thin, pale-yellow or whitish skin, sometimes pink-blushed, covering a crisp, mealy, dry to juicy layer of yellowish flesh, sweet and resembling the scent of a rose in flavour. Where Hands Touch Where Hands Touch is a 2018 British romantic war drama movie directed by Amma Asante and starring Amandla Stenberg, George MacKay, Abbie Cornish, Christopher Eccleston, Tom Sweet. Yavoriv Yavoriv (, , , ) is a city in Lviv Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Yavoriv Raion (district). In 2021, 12,888 people lived there. Sambir Sambir (; ; ) is a city in Lviv Oblast (province) of Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Sambir Raion (district) and is close to the border with Poland. In 2021, 34,444 people lived there. Michael Oliver (referee) Michael Oliver (born 20 February 1985) is an English professional football referee from Ashington, Northumberland. His county FA is the Northumberland Football Association. He belongs to the Select Group of Referees in England and officiates primarily in the Premier League. He received his FIFA badge in 2012, allowing him to officiate in major international matches. Oliver was appointed to take charge of the final of the 2015 FIFA U-17 World Cup. Oliver was promoted to the UEFA Elite Group of Referees in 2018. He is also a Newcastle United supporter. Career. Born in Ashington, Northumberland, Oliver was introduced refereeing by his father, Clive, at the age of 14. He quickly progressed through the ranks and was promoted to the National List of Referees in 2007; he refereed the 2007 Conference National play-off Final, becoming the youngest football referee to officiate at Wembley Stadium. In addition he had already become the youngest Football League assistant referee, and would also become the youngest fourth official in the Premier League. Family Oliver enjoyed a unique refereeing double when father Clive took charge of the 2009 League Two play-off Final and Michael officiated the next day at the 2009 League One play-off Final. Dobromyl Dobromyl (; ; ) is a city in Sambir Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. It is about 5 kilometers from the border with Poland. In 2021, 4,168 people lived there. Brody Brody (; ; ; ) is a city in Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. In 2021, 23,335 people lived there. Bila Tserkva Bila Tserkva (; ) is a city in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine. In 2021, 208,737 people lived there. Ichum Lairembi Ichum Lairembi () or Echum Lairembi () or Eechum Lairembi () is a Lairembi (goddess) in Meitei mythology and religion of Ancient Kangleipak. Her major cult centre of worship is located in Khurkhul region, present day Manipur. Legends. According to legends, the power of Goddess "Ichum Lairembi" () resides at "Thingba Maran Ngambi" (). It is the reason why all the offerings brought for Goddess "Ichum Lairembi" are offered to "Thingba Maran Ngambi". In a legend, Princess Thoibi of Ancient Moirang was once ordered by the King of Moirang to throw an egg. So, she and her slaves proceeded to a journey to carry on the task. The egg they brought fell on ground and got broken at the area of Goddess "Ichum Lairembi" in Khurkhul. From that time onwards, they started to live in the place and celebrate Lai Haraoba festival to please Goddess "Ichum Lairembi". Festival. Every year, the sacred Lai Haraoba festival is celebrated in honor Goddess Ichum Lairembi (). Among the places of celebrations of the holy festival, Khurkhul is the predominant one. La Planée La Planée is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Les Pontets Les Pontets is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. American Mayapple The American Mayapple is a herbaceous perennial plant in the Family Berberidaceae, native to the eastern part of North America. The stems grows between 30 and 40 cm tall. The plant produces two growth forms. The one with a single umbrella-like leaf do not produce any flower or fruit. The plants having a twin leaf (rarely three-leaf) structure, however, a single white flower with a 3-5 cm diameter with six (rarely up to nine) petals, between the two leaves; this matures into a yellow-greenish fruit 2-5 cm long. The plant normally grows in open woodlands, in groups. Individual shoots are often connected by systems of thick tubers and rhizomes. Despite the common name "mayapple", it is the flower that appears in early May, not the "apple", which appears later during the summer. The American Mayapple is also called the Devil's apple, Hogapple, Indian apple, Umbrella plant, Wild lemon, Wild mandrake, and American mandrake. According to Brian Fondren, the rhizome of the mayapple had been used for a variety of medicinal purposes, originally by Native Americans and later by other settlers. Toxicity. All the parts of the plant, except the fruit, are poisonous. The plant can kill any person in 24 hours. Even the fruit, not dangerously poisonous, can cause unpleasant red/yellow diarrhea. This plant contains podophyllotoxin, which is used as a cytostatic and topically in the treatment of genital warts. Christian Democratic People's Party (Hungary) The Christian Democratic People's Party (Hungarian: Kereszténydemokrata Néppárt, KDNP) is a right-wing Christian democratic political party in Hungary. It is officially a coalition partner of the ruling party, Fidesz, but is mostly considered a satellite party of Fidesz,and has been unable to get into the Parliament on its own since 1998. For several elections prior to the pact, they had been unable to pass the election threshold of 5% of the vote. Without Fidesz, its support cannot be measured,and even a leading Fidesz politician, János Lázár, stated that Fidesz does not consider the government to be a coalition government. John Brooks (referee) John Edmund C. Brooks is an English football referee. He referees for the Premier League. Brooks was promoted in June 2021. Before this, he was a Select Group Referee and a Premier League assistant referee. In December 2021, Brooks refereed his first Premier League match. The match was between Wolves and Burnley at The Molineux Stadium. Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party The Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party (Hungarian: Független Kisgazda-, Földmunkás- és Polgári Párt), known mostly by its acronym FKgP or its shortened form Independent Smallholders' Party (Hungarian: Független Kisgazdapárt), is a political party in Hungary. Since the 2002 parliamentary elections, the party has won no seats. After the end of Communism in Hungary, the Smallholders' Party was founded and took part in the center-right governments of József Antall, Péter Boross, and Viktor Orbán. In the 2002 Hungarian parliamentary election it lost all its seats in Parliament. In early 2019, Our Homeland Movement (Mi Hazánk Mozgalom) made an alliance with the far-right Hungarian Justice and Life Party (MIÉP) and FKgP. Samara Oblast Samara Oblast () is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Samara. As of 2010, 3,215,532 people lived in the oblast. Kinel Kinel () is a city in Samara Oblast, Russia. It is about east of Samara. In 2010, 34,491 people lived there. Nizhny Novgorod Oblast Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (, "Nizhegorodskaya oblast") is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod. In 2010, 3,310,597 people lived in the oblast. Ryazan Ryazan () is the largest city and administrative center of Ryazan Oblast, Russia. In 2010, 524,927 people lived there. Lev Landau Lev Davidovich Landau (Russian: "Лев Давидович Ландау") (January 22, 1908 – April 1, 1968), was a famous Soviet physicist for contributing to theoretical physics. He was elected as a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1946. He was a Foreign Member of Royal Society of London (1960), National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (1960), Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters (1951), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (1956), American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1960) and German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (1964), French Physical Society and the London Physical Society. He won the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physics for his contribution to the Mathematical Theory of Superfluidity. He also got titles or awards: Hero of Socialist Labor (1954). Max Planck Medal (Germany, 1960), Fritz London Prize (1960), USSR State Prize: Lenin Prize (1962) and Stalin Prizes (1946, 1949, 1953). Pskov Oblast Pskov Oblast () is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Pskov. In 2010, 673,423 people lived in the oblast. Lukhovitsy Lukhovitsy () is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is the administrative center of Lukhovitsky District. In 2010, 29,850 people lived there. Citropsis "Citropsis" is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. It produces a fruit known as the African cherry orange. This a fruit common to Central and Western Africa, it is about the size of a tangerine. It is sometimes used as a herbal medicine. The fruit is two or three centimeters long. The are a number of species, which differ in the details of their habit. The plant is a shrub or tree. With pointed leaflets, the leaves are up to 33 centimeters long. They are about two centimeters long and the inflorescence is a cluster of flowers with four white petals. The style may be 1.5 centimeters long. Premier of Nevis The Premier of Nevis is the head of the Nevis Island Administration within the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis. Simeon Daniel Simeon Daniel (22 August 1934 – 27 May 2012) was a Saint Kitts and Nevis lawyer and politician. He was the first Premier of Nevis from 1983 until 1992. Joseph Parry (politician) Joseph Walcott Parry is a Saint Kitts and Nevis politician. He was President of Nevis Cricket association and a representative on the Leeward Islands Cricket Association. He was the Premier of Nevis from 2006 until 2013. Mark Brantley Mark Brantley (born 11 January 1969) is a Saint Kitts and Nevis lawyer and politician. He is the Premier of Nevis since 2017 and the Minister of Foreign Affairs for St Kitts and Nevis since 2015. Vance Amory Vance Winkworth Amory (22 May 1949 – 2 April 2022) was a Saint Kitts and Nevis politician and cricketer. He was the Premier of Nevis, from 1992 to 2006 and from 2013 to 2017. He also was the Minister of Sports in the Nevis Island Administration. He founded and led the Concerned Citizens' Movement. The Vance W. Amory International Airport is named after him. Amory died on 2 April 2022, aged 72. Alberto Estella Goytre Alberto Estella Goytre (23 September 1940 – 1 April 2022) was a Spanish politician. She was a member of the Union of the Democratic Centre and the People's Party. She was in the Congress of Deputies from 1977 to 1982. Estella Goytre died in Salamanca, Spain on 1 April 2022 at the age of 81. Astrakhan Astrakhan (; ) is a city on the Volga River in Russia. It is the largest city and administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast. In 2010, 520,339 people lived there. Mike Riley (referee) Michael "Mike" Anthony Riley (born 17 December 1964) is an English former professional football referee, who has refereed in the English Football League, Premier League, and for FIFA and also is the General Manager for PGMOL who will be stepping down in November 2022. Career. He became a national Football League referee in 1994, having previously served five years on their assistant referees' list. He was later granted FIFA status in 1999 allowing him to officiate international fixtures. In 2002, Riley refereed The FA Cup Final between Arsenal and Chelsea, which he later stated was "the highlight of my career". Riley took charge of the 2004 Football League Cup Final, between Bolton and Middlesbrough, in a game that saw all three goals scored within the first 25 minutes. He awarded a penalty to Middlesbrough after seven minutes and cautioned five players during the course of the game. Petre Ivănescu Petre Ivănescu (15 April 1936 – 1 April 2022) was a Romanian handball player and coach. He played for Dinamo București and for Romania national team. He was born in Bucharest, Romania. His playing career began in 1954 and he retired in 1974. His managing career began in 1967 and he retired in 2005. Ivănescu died on 1 April 2022 in Essen, Germany from colon cancer at the age of 85. Silvio Longobucco Silvio Longobucco (5 June 1951 – 2 April 2022) was an Italian professional footballer. He played as a defender. Longobucco was born in Scalea, Italy. His playing career lasted from 1969 until 1983. He played for Ternana Calcio, Juventus F.C., Cagliari Calcio and Cosenza Calcio 1914. Longobucco died on 2 April 2022 in Scalea, Italy at the age of 70. Scalea Scalea (Calabrian: ) is a town and "comune" in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of southern Italy. Tyumen Tyumen () is the largest city and administrative center of Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is on the Tura River. In 2010, 581,907 people lived there. Mıgırdiç Margosyan Mıgırdiç Margosyan (23 December 1938 – 2 April 2022) was a Turkish-Armenian writer. Margosyan published many short stories in Armenian at the "Marmara" newspaper. Margosyan published "Gavur Mahallesi" (1992), "Söyle Margos Nerelisen?" (1995) and "Biletimiz İstanbul'a Kesildi" (1998) in Turkish and in 1999 published his second book, "Dikrisi Aperen" in Armenian. Reculfoz Reculfoz is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Remoray-Boujeons Remoray-Boujeons is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Prime Minister's Official Car (Japan) The Prime Minister's Official Car (内閣総理大臣専用車) is the official state carused by the Prime Minister of Japan. The current model is the Toyota Century, which was introduced in 2020 as the replacement of the Lexus LS. Lygia Fagundes Telles Lygia Fagundes da Silva Telles ( de Azevedo Fagundes; ; April 19, 1918 — April 3, 2022) was a Brazilian novelist and writer. She won the Camões Prize. She was elected as the third woman in the Brazilian Academy of Letters in 1985. She was also nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2016. Telles died on April 3, 2022 in São Paulo, Brazil two weeks before her 99th birthday. La Rivière-Drugeon La Rivière-Drugeon is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Sokobanja Sokobanja (, ) is a city in the Zaječar District in Serbia. As of 2011, the population of the town is 7,982. Rondefontaine Rondefontaine is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Pomaretto Pomaretto (French: Pomaret) is a "comune" in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, it is located about 45 km southwest of Turin. Shujaat Hussain Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain (; ; born 27 January 1940) is a senior Pakistani conservative politician and businessman. He was the 16th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 30 June 2004 until 28 August 2004. Hussain has been party president of the Pakistan Muslim League (Q) since 2003. Metropolitan cities of Italy The metropolitan cities of Italy (Italian: "città metropolitane d'Italia") are administrative divisions of Italy, which are a type of sub-provinces. Andrews, South Carolina Andrews is a town in Georgetown and Williamsburg counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The population was 2,861 at the 2010 census. Mike Flood Michael John Flood (born February 23, 1975) is an American attorney, businessman, and politician. Flood is a member of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska's 1st congressional district since 2022. He was a member of the Nebraska Legislature from 2021 to 2022 and from 2005 until 2013. He was speaker of the Legislature from 2007 to 2013. He ran for Governor of Nebraska in 2014. In January 2022, Flood announced his candidacy for the United States House of Representatives to represent Nebraska's 1st congressional district. He won the special election in June 2022. Mike Jones (referee) Michael "Mike" J. Jones (born 18 April 1968) is an English retired professional football referee based in Chester. He is a member of the Cheshire County Football Association. He began refereeing in The Football League in 1997 and was promoted in 2008 to the list of Select Group Referees who officiate all Premier League fixtures. In 2009, he refereed the FA Trophy Final at Wembley Stadium. Jones is now the National Group Director of the PGMOL and also the Head of Refereeing at the English Football Leagues. Saint-Antoine, Doubs Saint-Antoine is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Saint-Point-Lac Saint-Point-Lac is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Sarrageois Sarrageois is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Touillon-et-Loutelet Touillon-et-Loutelet is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Les Villedieu Les Villedieu is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Villeneuve-d'Amont Villeneuve-d'Amont is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Villers-sous-Chalamont Villers-sous-Chalamont is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Avoudrey Avoudrey is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Bannans Bannans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Belmont, Doubs Belmont is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Personalities. It is the birthplace of Louis Pergaud (1882–1915), writer and soldier. Baixa The Baixa (), is a neighborhood in the historic center of Lisbon, capital of Portugal. It is north of the Praça do Comércio, somewhat between the Cais do Sodré and the Alfama district beneath the Lisbon Castle, and goes north towards the Avenida da Liberdade (Lisbon). Expresso (newspaper) Expresso () is the publication of the company Impresa and is published every week in Lisbon, Portugal. Villers Villers is the name of several places in Europe: Villers-Pol Villers-Pol is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 1,287 people lived there. Villers-au-Tertre Villers-au-Tertre is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 661 people lived there. Villers-Buzon Villers-Buzon is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Craig Pawson Craig Pawson (born 2 March 1979) is an English professional football referee. He officiated primarily in the Premier League. He has been promoted to the panel of Select Group Referees in 2013, as well as in the Football League. He is based in South Yorkshire and is associated with the Sheffield & Hallamshire County Football Association. Craig Pawson is also a Sheffield United supporter. Villers-Chief Villers-Chief is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Villers-la-Combe Villers-la-Combe is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Agrarian socialism Agrarian socialism is a political ideology that develops as a socialist version of agrarianism. Agrarian socialism also branches into agrarian communism, which was adapted by the English Diggers movement. Bians-les-Usiers Bians-les-Usiers is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Mao Zedong Thought Mao Zedong Thought (MZT) is a political thought and ideology that develops similarly to Maoism. It is based around the theories, practices, and concepts developed by the Communist Party of China (CPC) and Mao Zedong, whom was Chairman of the Communist Party of China until his death in 1976. It separates from Maoism due to differences with Marxism–Leninism–Maoism. Mao Zedong Thought is an application of Marxism and Leninism through Marxism–Leninism in China. MZT was the driving force behind the Cultural Revolution from 1966 to 1976. History. Early development. Mao Zedong, the father of Mao Zedong Thought, published his first work in April of 1917. It was titled "A Study of Physical Education". "Analysis of the Classes in Chinese Society" is a notable work Mao Zedong published prior to the start of the Chinese Civil War, being published in March of 1926. The "Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement In Hunan" was published just a month before the Chinese Civil War began. Chinese Civil War. Following the start of the Chinese Civil War between the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang in 1927, Mao Zedong continued publishing political works. Among these were "Why is it that Red Political Power can Exist in China?", "The Struggle in the Chingkang Mountains", "The Second Anniversary of An Wu-ching's Martyrdom", and "On Correcting Mistaken Ideas in the Party". These four works were published between 1928 and 1929. Cultural Revolution. The Cultural Revolution was considered a major cultural movement in the development of Mao Zedong Thought by the Socialist Unity Centre of India. Bremondans Bremondans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Haratin Haratin (), are a North African ethnic group native to western Sahel and southwestern Maghreb. The Haratin are mostly found in modern Mauritania, Morocco, Western Sahara, and Algeria. In Tunisia and Libya. Blackduck, Minnesota Blackduck is a city in Beltrami County, Minnesota, United States. 785 people lived here at the 2010 census. Bretonvillers Bretonvillers is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Bugny Bugny is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Chamesey Chamesey is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Idar-Oberstein Idar-Oberstein is a town in Birkenfeld in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. About 30,000 people lived there. Idar-Oberstein is known as a gemstone and garrison town. It is also the largest town in the Hunsrück. Actor Bruce Willis was born here. Twin towns. Idar-Oberstein is twinned with: Eugenia stipitata Eugenia stipitata (Araza, Portuguese common names araçá, araçá-boi, Spanish common name arazá) is a fruit that is part of the guava family and is a native fruit to Brazil and parts of Peru. It is commonly found in the Rio Ucayali Valley. This fruit is small and it has a yellow or green color, with a soft pulp, and a sour flavor. Because it is strongly sour, it is not eaten raw. However, in Brazil and Peru, drinks, nectars, ice creams, and marmalades use Araza as an ingredient. La Chaux, Doubs La Chaux is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Chaux-lès-Passavant Chaux-lès-Passavant is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Chevigney-lès-Vercel Chevigney-lès-Vercel is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Consolation-Maisonnettes Consolation-Maisonnettes is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Courtetain-et-Salans Courtetain-et-Salans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Domprel Domprel is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Épenouse Épenouse is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Matilda of England #REDIRECT Empress Matilda History of Iraq The history of Iraq, also known as Iraqi history, is an aspect of world history that is based in the Middle East, focusing around the country of Iraq. Prehistory. One of the first known sites in prehistoric Iraq is the Shanidar Cave. The region of Mesopotamia was a major part of the Neolithic revolution in around 10,000 BCE. Indo-Parthian Kingdom The Indo-Parthian Kingdom was a Parthian kingdom. It was founded by Gondophares. The Indo-Parthian Kingdom existed from 19 CE to c. 226 CE. They ruled in eastern Iran, parts of Afghanistan, most of modern Pakistan and parts of northwestern India. Manipur bush rat The Manipur bush rat (, ) or Hume's rat or Hume's hadromys is a species of rodent. It belongs to the family Muridae. It is found in Manipur and other Northeastern Indian regions. It is an endangered species. Home. The species lives only in Northeast India. It has been recorded from several localities. These are: The Manipur bush rat lives at places with medium altitudes from above sea level. It lives in tropical evergreen, moist deciduous and evergreen forests. It is also found in secondary forests in Northeastern India. Finding out. The murid was described by Oldfield Thomas in 1886. The description was from specimens in the Manipur collection of Allan Octavian Hume. It was donated to the British Museum (Natural History) after Hume's life's work in ornithological notes were sold by a servant as waste paper. The Manipur Bush Rat was named in honour of him. The collection has two male and two female specimens. It was recorded to be collected on 23 March 1881 from Moirang in Manipur. It was the type locality for this species. Description. The specimen has been described by Thomas (1886) as: The length of the head and the body of the largest specimen was that of a female. It was long. The length of its tail was long. Elsewhere, the head and body length has been given as head and body length as , the tail length as . The weight has been recorded as ranging from . Safeguarding level. The species has been given safeguarding level (conservation status) of "Endangered - B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)" in IUCN Red List ver 3.1. The rules for this rating include: The main causes of damages to the conditions of this species are found to be loss of and destruction of home, separation, and overpass. Other than these, hunting and firing are also the contributing causes. David Neil MacKenzie David Neil MacKenzie FBA (8 April 1926 – 13 October 2001) was a scholar of Iranian languages. MacKenzie helped with the study of Iranic languages. This includes Middle Persian, Sogdian and Pashto. He wrote the "Concise Pahlavi Dictionary" (1971). It was one of the most famous lexicographic(a dictionary that translates two languages) books for the 9th-12th century Zoroastrian texts. Depictions of nudity Depictions of nudity include any images or performances of people without clothing. These images have been made throughout history, both in the arts and sciences. Nudity in real life is restricted in most societies, but visual images of nudity may serve recognized social purposes. In Western societies, these are art, erotic images, including pornography, and information or science. Any image not fitting into one of these functions may be misunderstood, leading to disagreements. One of these disagreements is the difference between artistic and erotic images. Nudity in art. The human body was one of the first subjects of art, and has remained popular to the present. The traditional fine arts media include drawing, painting, and sculpture. Because they are made of durable materials such a stone, ceramics or metal, older sculptures have survived to the present. Drawings and paintings have survived only in caves or other places protected from the weather. Nude children in art. Works of art, such as paintings, statues, or photographs have shown nude children, or nude children with nude adults. For most of this history, childhood nudity represented innocence, and could be shown anywhere. In recent years, showing nude children in photographs is seen by some as sexual. When photographs were taken to labs for processing, those taken by families showing small children naked were sometimes seen as child pornography by the police. When there is no sexual contact shown, charges have never been sustained. In May 2008, police in Sydney, Australia, raided an exhibition by the photographer Bill Henson. This exhibition showed images of naked adolescents. The raid was done on allegations of child pornography. Nudity in photography. Since the beginning of photography, people have taken photographs of nudity. At first, the photos imitated paintings to avoid censorship, or were sold as references for artists. In the 20th century, photographers wanted to make photography respected as an art medium. As public nudity became accepted, photos could be taken in a variety of locations rather than only posed in a studio. In addition to fine art, photography of nudity has also been glamorous, sexual and then pornographic. Nudity in popular culture. As new media have appeared though history, the human body has been one of the most popular subjects. Nudity on television. Many countries have made laws that should protect children from seeing sex scenes on television by accident. That way, such scenes may usually not be shown during the day. British TV must not show such scenes between 5.30am and 9pm. The time when content not suitable for children may be shown is called "watershed". The Broadcasting Code requires that "Nudity before the watershed must be justified by the context." Nudity for advertising. Nudity is often used to draw the attention of customers to a given product. That way, nude people or people with very little clothing are often shown on covers of magazines, even if the content of the magazine has nothing to do with nudity. Naked people, sometimes in connection with body painting are used to distribute fliers at events. This uses erotic stimuli, especially to people of the opposite sex. On the other hand, nudity seems to work all by itself in such contexts. Nudity in public places is rare, and people generally do not expect it. The more it is used however, the less it will act on people. At some point it will have become normal. Nudity in live performances. Theatre. Nudity in Western theatre was once limited to models posing in imitation of works of fine art (called "tableau vivant"). Nude performers could not move while the curtain was open. The Windmill Theatre operated in Soho, London from 1932 to 1964, but could not compete after strip clubs were allowed. Nudity in American theater began in 1968 with the opening of Hair on Broadway. Nudity on the American stage has become more frequent, but has remained controversial. Dance. Nude ballet was accepted in Denmark in the 1970s, but performances by the Royal Danish Ballet in the United States were limited to New York City. Today, nudity has become one of the possible "costumes" for modern dance. Erotic performances. Public performances that have the intent of arousing sexual interest have a long history, perhaps as long as prostitution. Modern striptease did not end with performers entirely nude until the twentieth century. In the 21st century, sex on stage is allowed in some countries. Nude photography. Photographic media may be used to create images of all types, artistic, erotic, educational and scientific. Erotic images. Erotic images are those intended to arouse sexual interest. Nudity in science and education. Images of the naked body are used to illustrate educational or scientific information. In the European Renaissance artists performed there own dissections of the human body and drew illustrations. In the 19th century, photographs of naked Indigenous peoples became popular in Europe. Most claimed to be scientific, or ethnographic images. Whatever the intent, they became commercial (or erotic) images. It is unclear which images were posed, rather than being of everyday attire. The deep space probes Pioneer 10 (launched March 2, 1972) and 11 (launched April 5, 1973) each carried a metal sheet with a "message of peace" for extraterrestrials that might find them. Both are the same, and include line drawings of nude male and female humans. The male has a hand raised in greeting, although its meaning would not likely be clear. Hichilema Cabinet The Hichilema Cabinet is the 15th cabinet of Zambia and the cabinet of Hakainde Hichilema from 2021 until 2026. The previous cabinet is Second Lungu Cabinet from 2016 to 2021. Manipur bush quail The Manipur bush quail (, ) is a species of quail found in Manipur and other Northeastern Indian regions. It lives in humid and moist grasslands, particularly among tall grasses. It was first collected and described by Allan Octavian Hume on a mission to study about birds of Manipur in 1881. "P. manipurensis" is listed as "Endangered" on the IUCN's Red List. Its home place is small, separated and fastly becoming smaller. No one was confirmed of seeing the bird from 1932 until June 2006. In 2006, Anwaruddin Choudhury reported seeing the quail in Assam. BBC News reported the speech of the conservation director of the Wildlife Trust of India, Rahul Kaul, as "This creature has almost literally returned from the dead." History. There is a 1911 report by Frank Finn. It was based on Captain Wood's field notes of 1899. It noted that the species was common in the past. Captain Wood noted that the bird was commonly trapped by Manipuri people after bush fires. Further, he also noted the Manipuri language name was "lanz-soibol" (literally meaning "trap quail"). Anthony Taylor (referee) Anthony "Tony" Taylor (born 20 October 1978) is an English professional football referee from Wythenshawe, Manchester. In 2010, he was promoted to the list of Select Group Referees who specialize in the Premier League, and in 2013 he became a registered referee for FIFA allowing him to referee European and international matches. In 2015, he attended the Carabao Cup final at Wembley Stadium when Chelsea beat Tottenham Hotspur 2-0. Taylor returned to Wembley Stadium later that year to attend the FA Community Shield as Arsenal beat Chelsea 1-0. He commented on the 2017 and 2020 FA Cup finals, both between Chelsea and Arsenal; Arsenal won both times 2-1. When selected, he became the first to referee a second FA Cup Final since Arthur Kingscott in 1901. Manipur white-toothed rat The Manipur white-toothed rat (, ) is a species of rodent. It belongs to the family Muridae. It is found in Manipur of Northeastern India, northern and central Myanmar and Yunnan province of China (west of the Salween River). Home. In India, it is found in Manipur fulvetta The Manipur fulvetta or Manipur streak-throated fulvetta () is a species of bird. It belongs to the biological family Sylviidae. It is named after Manipur State in Northeast India. Like the other typical fulvettas, it was included in the Timaliidae genus "Alcippe" for a very long time. Additionally, it was included in "F. cinereiceps" as a subspecies for a very long time. The common name "streak-throated fulvetta" is related to all the birds of its species. The typical "F. cinereiceps" are now called "Grey-hooded fulvetta". It is found in Manipur of Northeast India, Myanmar and Yunnan of China. Its natural home are temperate forests. Its condition was first checked up for the IUCN Red List in 2008. It was listed as a "Species of Least Concern". Hoya manipurensis Hoya manipurensis is an oleander plant species. It was first described by Debendra Bijoy Deb. "Hoya manipurensis" belongs to the genus "Hoya". It belongs to the family of oleander plants. No subspecies are listed in the Catalog of Life. You Are Old, Father William "You Are Old, Father William" is a poem by Lewis Carroll. It appears in his 1865 novel "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland". It is recited by Alice in Chapter 5. The poem. "You are old, Father William," the young man said,    "And your hair has become very white; And yet you incessantly stand on your head—    Do you think, at your age, it is right?" "In my youth," Father William replied to his son,    "I feared it might injure the brain; But now that I'm perfectly sure I have none,    Why, I do it again and again." "You are old," said the youth, "as I mentioned before,    And have grown most uncommonly fat; Yet you turned a back-somersault in at the door—    Pray, what is the reason of that?" "In my youth," said the sage, as he shook his grey locks,    "I kept all my limbs very supple By the use of this ointment—one shilling the box—    Allow me to sell you a couple." "You are old," said the youth, "and your jaws are too weak    For anything tougher than suet; Yet you finished the goose, with the bones and the beak—    Pray, how did you manage to do it?" "In my youth," said his father, "I took to the law,    And argued each case with my wife; And the muscular strength, which it gave to my jaw,    Has lasted the rest of my life." "You are old," said the youth, "one would hardly suppose    That your eye was as steady as ever; Yet you balanced an eel on the end of your nose—    What made you so awfully clever?" "I have answered three questions, and that is enough,"    Said his father; "don't give yourself airs! Do you think I can listen all day to such stuff?    Be off, or I'll kick you down the stairs! Bobby Madley Robert "Bobby" Madley (born 6 October 1985) is an English professional football referee. He was on list of Select Group Referees who officiate primarily in the Premier League between 2013 and 2018. He officiated in the Football League as a referee from 2010. He was one of the youngest officials to progress to the top-flight of English football. Madley was previously one of the referee development officers for the West Riding County Football Association before taking up a full-time role with the Professional Game Match Officials Limited (PGMOL). His older brother Andrew Madley, is a Football League referee. List of ruling political parties by country This article is a list of ruling political parties by country. Graham Poll Graham Poll (born 29 July 1963) is an English former football referee in the Premier League. Career. With 26 years of experience, he was one of the most famous referees in English football. He was often taking charge of the highest-profile games. His final domestic game in a career spanning 1,544 matches was the Championship play-off final on 28 May 2007 between Derby County and West Bromwich Albion. He was the English representative at two World Cups and UEFA Euro 2000, and refereed the 2005 UEFA Cup Final. In his third game of the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, Croatia vs Australia, he cautioned Croatian defender Josip Šimunić three time before sending him off. Poll retired from refereeing international tournament finals matches shortly afterwards, citing his error in the match. He continued to referee in the Premier League, Champions League and on international games, but said he would disallow himself to be nominated to represent the FA at any tournament finals as he felt he had his chance. Furry Vengeance Furry Vengeance is a 2010 American family black comedy film directed by Roger Kumble, produced by Robert Simonds and Keith Goldberg, written by Michael Carnes and Josh Gilbert, co-produced by Participant Media, Imagenation Abu Dhabi and Robert Simonds Productions with music by Edward Shearmur, and distributed by Summit Entertainment. It stars Brendan Fraser, Brooke Shields, and Ken Jeong with Dee Bradley Baker as the different animal vocal effects. It was theatrically released on April 30, 2010. The film earned $36.2 million on a $35 million budget. "Furry Vengeance" was Fraser's final film as part of the William Morris Endeavor agency, as he switched to the Creative Arts Agency in 2010. This film was also Alice Drummond's final feature film role before her death on November 30, 2016. Mega Babies Mega Babies is an animated children's television series created by Paul Rudish, who has previously had made the Cartoon Network shows "Dexter's Laboratory", "The Powerpuff Girls" and "Samurai Jack". It is produced by CinéGroupe and Landmark Entertainment Group in association with Sony Wonder. The series was broadcast on Cartoon Network and Teletoon. The show was also aired in UK on Sky One's weekday mornings and later repeated on Channel 5 on weekend mornings between 2007 and 2008. Portuguese Constitution of 1822 The Portuguese Constitution of 1822 () approved on 23 September 1822 was the first Portuguese constitution, it was an attempt to end absolutism (absolute monarchy) and introduce a constitutional monarchy. It was important to the history of democracy in Portugal. It was replaced by the Constitutional Charter of 1826. The constitution was the result of the Constituent Cortes of 1820, which happened after the Liberal Revolution. Time in Portugal Portugal has two time zones and has daylight saving time. Continental Portugal and Madeira use UTC+00:00 and the Azores use UTC–01:00. Daylight saving time is observed in the whole country from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October. So, every year, continental Portugal and Madeira then use , and the Azores then use UTC+00:00. Trachycephalus dibernardoi Trachycephalus dibernardoi is a frog that lives in Brazil and Argentina. Scientists think it might also live in Paraguay. Taxonomy. Scientists wrote the first paper about this species in 2008. Herpetologists Axel Kwet and Mirco Solé wrote it. Officially, scientists first found this species here: "Centro de Pesquisas e Conservação da Natureza (CPCN) Pró Mata, at these map numbers: , at 950 meters above sea level, in the town of São Francisco de Paula in the state of Río Grande del Sur, Brazil." Scientists wrote about the first sample this way: MCP 2422; an adult female frog that Kewt and Marcos Di Bernardo found on January 20, 1996. They put it in the PUCRS Museum of Science and Technology in Porto Alegre. The genus name "Trachycephalus" comes from the Greek word "Trachy" for "rough" and "cephalus" for "head." The species name "dibernardoi" is for the last name of the frog scientist Marcos Di Bernardo. The other scientists named the frog after him because he found so much knowledge about the frogs and other amphibians of Río Grande del Sur. Di-Bernardo was a teacher of zoology at the Pontifical Catholic University of Río Grande do Sul (PUCRS). He and the other scientists caught the first sample frog. Together, they wrote the book "Pró-Mata: Anfíbios da Serra Gaúcha, Sul do Brasil", or "Amphibians of Serra Gaucha" in English. In 2006, Di Bernardo died of skin cancer when he was 42 years old. Characteristics. This frog is very large for a hylid. The adult male frog is 57.2 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 77.6 mm long. The iris of the frog's eye is yellow. It has black lines that make a pattern coming out from a circle. There are four clear marks that look like petals from a flower. The skin of its back looks brown or olive in color. It has a pattern of marks that look like eyes and other patches. There are black and white bands on its legs. Unlike "T. imitatrix", it has a white parallelogram from each eye down its body. Distribution and habitat. Within Brazil, scientists have seen this frog in the states of Río Grande do Sul (towns of São Francisco de Paula, at 950 m, and Machadinho, at 760 m) and in the western part of the state of Santa Catarina (town of Seara, at 550 m). It also lives in the most northeastern part of Argentina, in the province of Misiones, according to material from El Soberbio (departament of Guaraní, at 190 m). In those papers, the frog is called "Phrynohyas imitatrix". Scientists think this frog lives in many places. It lives no lower than 150 meters above sea level and no higher than 1100 meters above sea level through all of the Sierra Geral mountains and places nearby. Scientists think it could also live in western Paraguay and in the state of Paraná in Brazil. Threats. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), says this species is "not in much danger of dying out" in its Red List of Endangered Species. BreadTube BreadTube, or LeftTube, is a group of online content creators making videos. They often make video essays and livestreams from left-wing perspectives like socialism, communism or anarchism. Videos. BreadTube creators post videos on YouTube that are discussed on other online platforms, like Reddit. Some BreadTube creators livestream on Twitch. Creators. BreadTube creators are known to join in a form of "algorithmic hijacking". They will choose to focus on the same topics discussed by content creators with right-wing politics. This lets their videos being recommended to the same audiences who like right-wing or far-right videos. They can expose their thoughts to a wider audience. Many BreadTube creators are funded through crowdfunding. The channels often serve as introductions to left-wing politics for young viewers. Allan Havey Allan Havey (born September 19, 1954) is an American stand-up comic and actor. Career. He started his career as a comedian in New York City in 1981. He made his national debut in 1986 on "Late Night with David Letterman" and made many appearances on the show throughout the 1980s and 1990s. When Letterman left NBC for CBS after not being chosen to replace Johnny Carson as host of "The Tonight Show", Havey was one of several comedians considered by NBC to replace Letterman. Ivaylo Andonov Ivaylo Viktorov Andonov (; born 14 August 1967) is a Bulgarian former professional footballer who played as a forward. Football career. After starting professionally with hometown's PFC Pirin Blagoevgrad, Andonov was constantly being one of the first division top scorers. Between 1994 and 1996, he spent his playing career in Spain and Germany. Returning afterwards to CSKA, Andonov scored 18 times in 25 matches, for another championship. He retired in 2000 at the age of 33, after two seasons with PFC Lokomotiv Sofia and another spell in Germany, with 1. FC Union Berlin. Andonov gained five caps for Bulgaria and was picked for the squad at the 1994 FIFA World Cup, but did not leave the bench during the tournament in the United States as the national team finished in fourth position. In 2001, he established his own children's academy near the village Pokrovnik. Honours. CSKA Sofia Marcel Appiah Marcel Appiah (born 26 March 1988) is a German professional footballer who plays as a centre-back or right-back for VfB Oldenburg. He previously played for Eredivisie club NEC, Arminia Bielefeld, VfL Osnabrück, Birmingham Legion, and VfR Aalen. Career. Appiah played in the youth for TuS Ennepetal, FC Schalke 04, TSG Sprockhövel, VfL Bochum and SG Wattenscheid. He made his professional debut in the 2. Bundesliga on 24 April 2010 against 1. FC Kaiserslautern. Honours. NEC Other websites. Jarred Gillett Jarred Gavan Gillett (born 1 November 1986) is an Australian football referee in the Premier League, following the announcement on 3 August 2021 that he had been promoted to the Select Group referees list. Ilija Aračić Ilija Aračić (born 15 November 1970) is a Croatian football coach and a former player who played as a striker. Club career. Aračić was born in Slavonski Brod, SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia. He started his footballing career as a 9-year-old at Croatian team NK Ukrina Novo Selo, before moving to the team at the age of 14. His father Anto played professionally at the time for NK Polet Bosanski Brod. He later played for his local team where he was spotted by scouts of Prva HNL side NK Rijeka. Aračić, a drafter by trade, left Croatia as a result of the War of Independence, signed for Chemnitzer FC in Germany before transferring to Tennis Borussia Berlin in the summer of 1997. During the 1998–99 season, after impressing Hertha BSC with his two goals against them in the DFB-Pokal, quickly signed for TeBe's West Berlin rivals where he played for one and a half years before moving to Arminia Bielefeld and retiring. Post-playing career. In 2004 Aračić took over as coach of FC Augsburg's youth team. On 1 January 2012, he became head coach of the under-19 team of VfB Stuttgart. Aračić moved to FV Illertissen in 2016. In January 2018 he returned to VfB Stuttgart and became assistant coach of Tayfun Korkut. Paul Tierney (referee) Paul Tierney (born 25 December 1980) is a football referee from Wigan, Lancashire, who officiates primarily in the Premier League. He first officiated in the Premier League on 30 August 2014. Tierney was promoted to the FIFA International Referees List on 1 January 2018. He is registered with the Lancashire Football Association. Career. His first experience of a Premier League match in the middle came in the 2014/2015 campaign when he was in charge of Swansea City versus West Bromwich Albion at the Liberty Stadium on 30 August 2014. Tierney got a taste of officiating in the Premier League in the 2008/09 season when he was the linesman for the match at St James' Park between Newcastle United and Hull City. The official then became a member of the National Group of Referees ahead of the 2009/10 campaign, with Macccesfield Town against Notts County on the opening weekend of the League Two season being the first fixture he officiated. Dildar Atmaca Dildar Atmaca (born 17 October 2002) is a German footballer who plays as a forward for Würzburger Kickers. Bucha massacre Bucha massacre is the name for a number of war crimes what was in the Ukrainian city of Bucha in 2022, during the Battle of Bucha (see Kyiv offensive), during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Claims. By Ukraine. Ukrainian authorities said that more than 300 inhabitants of the city had been killed, and described the massacre as a genocide. They asked the International Criminal Court (ICC) to investigate what had happened in Bucha. By Russia. Russian authorities denied any wrongdoing and said some footage (or video) and photographs of corpses (dead bodies) were false flag or "provocation" by Ukrainian police or territorial militia. And that some specific footage was a "staged performance" by Ukrainian authorities, who entered Bucha days before any reports of bodies. Victims. At least 20 corpses in civilian clothing were found (by journalists), in city streets, after the Russian army left and within three days of the Ukrainian army entered Bucha. There is suspicion that many of those dead people had been massacred by Russians and that the killings were war crimes. Some of the dead people had their hands tied. Some of the dead people, were burned after they were killed. After the Battle of Bucha. On March 31, the mayor of Bucha (Anatol Fedoruk) said on social media that foreign armed forces were no longer in Bucha. Before noon on April 3, the first journalists went into the city (after the Battle of Bucha). Ukrainian intelligence published a list of Russian military personnel (including soldiers); Ukrainian authorities thinks that those Russians were in Bucha, while the events of the Bucha massacre happened; "The list, published on the website of the Ministry of Defense, included the names, dates of birth, passport numbers and ranks of about 2,000 servicemen [including soldiers]", media said on April 4, 2022. On April 4, the President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, visited the streets of Bucha. David Coote (referee) David Coote is an English football referee. He is a member of the Nottinghamshire Football Association. Tape measure A tape measure is a device designed to measure things. It uses both imperial units and the Metric system of measurements. European Communities The European Communities (EC), were three international organizations. These were the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC), and the European Economic Community (EEC). In 1993, the European Union was formed by the Maastricht Treaty. Joseph A. Diclerico Jr. Joseph A. Diclerico Jr. (January 30, 1941 – April 2, 2022) was an American politician and lawyer. He was the Judge of the United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire from 1992 until his death. He was chief judge of that court from 1992 until 1997. He was nominated to the court by President George H. W. Bush. Diclerico Jr. was born in Lynn, Massachusetts. Diclerico Jr. died on April 2, 2022 in Concord, New Hampshire at the age of 81. Einar Østby Einar Østby (17 September 1935 – 3 April 2022) was a Norwegian cross-country skier. He competed during the early 1960s. He earned a silver in the 4 × 10 km relay at the 1960 Winter Olympics. He was born in Vinger, Norway. Østby died on 3 April 2022, at the age of 86. Stan Parrish Stanley Paul Parrish (September 20, 1946 – April 3, 2022) was an American football coach and player. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He was the head coach at Ball State University from 2009 to 2010. Parrish was the head coach at Wabash College, and Marshall University. He was an offensive coordinator at Ball State and the University of Michigan. Parrish died on April 3, 2022 at the age of 75. Pamela Rooke Pamela Rooke (23 June 1955 – 3 April 2022), also known as Jordan and Jordan Mooney, was an English model and actress. She was known her work with Vivienne Westwood and the Sex boutique in the Kings Road area of London in the mid-1970s. She was seen as an icon of the London punk subculture. Rooke was born in Seaford, East Sussex. Rooke died on 3 April 2022 in London, England from bile duct cancer, aged 66. Mohamed Azima Mohamed Semida Abdel Azim (), mostly known as Mohamed Azima (), (born 17 October 1968) is a former Egypt international football midfielder who played for clubs in Egypt, Germany, Austria and South Korea. Career. Born in Egypt, Azima began playing football for local side Al-Ahly S.C. In 1990, Azima moved to Germany to sign for 2. Bundesliga side SC Fortuna Köln. He made 35 appearances in the German second division, the last nine with VfB Oldenburg. Azima moved to Austria where he would play for SK Vorwärts Steyr, and won the 1996 K-League championship in South Korea with Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i. Azima made several appearances for the Egypt national football team, and played at the 1992 African Cup of Nations finals. Peter Bankes Peter Bankes (born 18 May 1982) is a English professional football referee who officiates many games in the Premier League and EFL Championship. Career. Bankes was moved into the Select Group 1 referee pool ahead of the 2019–20 campaign after joining Select Group 2 three seasons prior. On 31 August 2019, Bankes refereed his first Premier League game between Leicester City and Bournemouth and issued a total of four yellow cards throughout the game. On 22 February 2020, Bankes showed his first Premier League red card to Newcastle United player Valentino Lazaro after Crystal Palace forward Wilfred Zaha, who was through on goal. WordPress Photo Directory WordPress Photo Directory is an open-source image directory for open images. It is managed by the WordPress project. Images. All images are licensed under an open CC Zero license. Images are created and uploaded by volunteers. The service is still partially under development stage. The program used in it is licensed under the GNU GPLv2.0 license. Mission. The image directory aims to provide an open alternative to closed image banks, such as Unsplash, Pixbaby, and Adobe Stock, whose licensing terms have become restrictive in recent years. Use in WordPress themes, for example, is restricted. Statistics. WordPress Photo Directory has 2,388 images as of April 2022. History. On December 14, 2021, Matt Mullenweg announced the WordPress Photo Directory at State of the Word 2021 event. In January 2022, the project began to gather volunteers and already in February its own developer website was launched. Then team representatives were selected. Simon Hooper Simon Hooper (born 15 July 1982) is an English professional football referee who officiates in the Premier League having been promoted to the Select Group of Referees in 2018. He has officiated three Premier League fixtures, the encounter between Norwich City and Crystal Palace, in August 2015, Newcastle United's home match against Burnley in January 2018 and Newcastle v Leicester City in September the same year. WordPress Foundation WordPress Foundation is a non-profit organization that was set up to support the open-source WordPress project. Purpose. The purpose of is to guarantee open access to WordPress's software projects forever. As part of this, the organization owns and manages WordPress, WordCamp and related trademarks. Primatomorpha The Primatomorpha are a mirorder of mammals. They have two orders: the Dermoptera or colugos and the Primates (Plesiadapiformes, Strepsirrhini, Haplorhini). List of autonomous presidents of Spain This is a list of the autonomous presidents of Spain. The function of the autonomous presidents is to govern their respective autonomous communities, and direct the executive power in said community, heading the autonomous institution or body destined for said purpose. United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire The United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire (in case citations, D.N.H.) is the Federal district court in the state of New Hampshire. The Warren B. Rudman U.S. Courthouse for the New Hampshire district is in Concord. Tommy Davis (outfielder) Herman Thomas Davis Jr. (March 21, 1939 – April 3, 2022) was an American professional baseball player and coach. He played in Major League Baseball as a left fielder and third baseman from 1959 to 1976 for ten different teams. Davis played for the Los Angeles Dodgers, New York Mets, Chicago White Sox, Seattle Pilots, Houston Astros, Oakland Athletics, Chicago Cubs, Baltimore Orioles, California Angels and Kansas City Royals. Davis died on April 3, 2022 in Phoenix, Arizona at the age of 83. John McNally (boxer) John McNally (3 November 1932 – 4 April 2022) was a Irish boxer. He won a silver medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics in the bantamweight division. McNally was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland. He was the first person from Belfast and the first Irish boxer to win an Olympic medal. McNally died on 4 April 2022 in Belfast, aged 89. Jennifer Wilson (actress) Jennifer Wilson (25 April 1932 – March 2022) was an English actress. She played Kate Nickleby in a BBC version of "Nicholas Nickleby" in 1957. Wilson's last acting roles were as Mrs. Bradbury in "Coronation Street" in 2014 and as Nancy Milne in three episodes of "Doctors" between 2014 and 2015. Wilson is best known for playing Jennifer Hammond in "The Brothers". Wilson died at her home in France in March 2022, at the age of 89. Gene Shue Eugene William Shue (December 18, 1931 – April 3, 2022) was an American professional basketball player and coach in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He played for the New York Knicks, Detroit Pistons and the Baltimore Bullets. His played career lasted from 1954 until 1964. His coaching career lasted from 1966 until 1989. Shue died on April 3, 2022 in Marina del Rey, California from melanoma at the age of 90. Petar Skansi Petar Skansi (23 November 1943 – 4 April 2022) was a Croatian professional basketball player and coach. During his playing career, he played for Jugoplastika and Maxmobili Pesaro. He was a member of the senior Yugoslavia national team squad that won the silver medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics. Skansi was born in Sumartin, Croatia, Italy. Skansi died on 4 April 2022 at the age of 78. Bat-Mite Bat-Mite is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Bat-Mite is an imp similar to the Superman villain Mister Mxyzptlk. He is seen as a small, childlike man wearing a child-like Batman costume. Bat-Mite admires Batman and is seen more of an annoying character than a villain. Alger Hiss Alger Hiss (November 11, 1904 – November 15, 1996) was an American government official. In 1948, he was accused of having spied for the Soviet Union in the 1930s. He was convicted of perjury in connection with this charge in 1950. Before the trial Hiss was part in the creation of the United Nations. Hiss died of emphysema on November 15, 1996, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City, four days after his 92nd birthday. Suleika Jaouad Suleika Jaouad ( ; ) is an American writer, advocate, and motivational speaker. She is the author of the "Life, Interrupted" column in "The New York Times" and has also written for "Vogue, Glamour", NPR's "All Things Considered" and "Women's Health". Her 2021 memoir "Between Two Kingdoms" was a "New York Times" Best Seller. Jaouad was diagnosed with leukemia in 2011. Despite being told having a 35% survival rate, she beat the cancer in 2014. In February 2022, the cancer had returned. In 2022, she married award-winning musician Jon Batiste. Bill Lee (left-handed pitcher) William Francis Lee III (born December 28, 1946), nicknamed "Spaceman", is an American former professional baseball left-handed pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Boston Red Sox (1969–1978) and Montreal Expos (1979–1982). Lee is known for his counterculture behavior. In May 2016, Lee was chosen by the Liberty Union Party as its nominee for Governor of Vermont in the 2016 election. Robert Ito Robert Ito (born July 2, 1931) is a Canadian actor. He is of Japanese ancestry. He is known for his roles as Sam Fujiyama on the 1976–83 NBC series "Quincy, M.E." and Larry Mishima on the 1980s CBS primetime soap opera "Falcon Crest". KiKi Layne Kiandra "KiKi" Layne (born December 10, 1991) is an American actress. She is best known for her starring roles in "If Beale Street Could Talk" (2018), the drama "Native Son" (2019), the action superhero movie "The Old Guard" (2020), and the romantic comedy "Coming 2 America" (2021). Iranian studies Iranian studies ( '), also called to as Iranology and Iranistics, is the study of the civilization, history, literature, art and culture of Iranian peoples. It is a part of of Oriental studies. In Iranology, there is also Persian studies. In Persian studies, one only studies the Persian language and literature. Iranology also studies the history of individual types of Iranian peoples, such as Azeris, Kurds, Lurs, Gilakis, Talysh, Tajiks, Pashtuns, Ossetians, Baluchis, Scythians, Sarmatians, Alans, Parthians, Sogdians, Bactrians, Khwarazmians, and Mazandaranis. Schistura manipurensis Schistura manipurensis is a species of ray-finned fish. It is a stone loach. It belongs to the genus "Schistura". It is a benthic species of clear, fast flowing hill streams with pebbly beds. It is found in the Chindwin River Basin in the Indian states of Manipur and Nagaland. It is also found in the basin of the Brahmaputra River. Schistura kangjupkhulensis Schistura kangjupkhulensis is a species of ray-finned fish. It belongs to the largest genus of stone loaches, "Schistura". It can be found in less deep, fast flowing streams with stone pebble substrates in the Tizu River, Imphal River and Nambul River on the Chindwin River Basin in Manipur. It is very rare. It is decreasing in population. Its populations are threatened by destructive fishing methods and human changing of its home environment by damming and occupying water usage. Semiplotus manipurensis Semiplotus manipurensis is a species of cyprinid. It belongs to the genus "Semiplotus". It is mainly found in Manipur. Unsexed males have a maximum length of . It is classified as "data deficient" on the IUCN Red List. It is considered harmless to human beings. Certhia manipurensis Hume's treecreeper ("Certhia manipurensis") is a bird species. It was earlier included within the brown-throated treecreeper group. It was identified as a separate species based on their unique calls. It belongs to the treecreeper family. It is found in Manipur, Assam, Myanmar, Shan Mountains, Northern Thailand, Laos and the Dalat Plateau. It has a rich cinnamon colored throat and breast. It has the status coming from nd molecular evidence and calls. Pethia manipurensis Pethia manipurensis is a species of cyprinid. It native to the Loktak Lake of Manipur. It reaches a maximum length of SL. Rotala manipurensis Rotala manipurensis is a species of an aquarium plant. It belongs to the genus "Rotala". It is native to Manipur and some other South East Asian regions. It can grow in both emerged and submerged environment. It has narrow and bright green color leaves. Yellow color can be seen in it upon the exposure to high light and injection of carbon dioxide. Rotala (plant) Rotala is a genus of plants. It belongs to the loosestrife family. Several species are used as aquarium plants. Species include: Nymphaea manipurensis Nymphaea manipurensis is a species of water lily plant. It belongs to the genus Nymphaea. It belongs to the family Nymphaeaceae. It is native to Manipur. It slightly looks like because of their tetragonal shaped receptacle. But its presence of partial autocarpy makes it unique from other species of the same genus. Thomas Jane Thomas Jane (born Thomas Elliott III; February 22, 1969) is an American actor. He was in the movies "Evening Raga of the West" (1987), "Boogie Nights" (1997), "Deep Blue Sea" (1999), "The Punisher" (2004), "The Mist" (2007), "Mutant Chronicles" (2008), "1922" (2017), and "The Predator" (2018). Jane's television roles include Mickey Mantle in the television movie "61*" (2001) and the Syfy/Amazon Video series "The Expanse" (2015–2021). Denise Bauer Denise Campbell Bauer (born January 30, 1964) is an American politician. She is the United States ambassador to France and Monaco since 2022. Bauer was Ambassador of the United States to Belgium from 2013 to 2017. Jane D. Hartley Jane Dorothy Hartley (born April 18, 1950) is an American diplomat. Hartley is the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom since 2022. She was the United States ambassador to France and Monaco from 2014 until 2017 during the Barack Obama administration. In January 2022, she was nominated by President Joe Biden as the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom. She was confirmed by the United States Senate in May 2022. She presented her credentials to Queen Elizabeth II on July 19, 2022. She was also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Charles Rivkin Charles Hammerman Rivkin (born April 6, 1962) is an American media executive and politician. He is Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Motion Picture Association (MPA) since 2017. Rivkin was Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs at the U.S. Department of State from 2014 to 2017. He also was the United States Ambassador to France and Monaco from 2009 until 2013. Alejandra Espinoza Alejandra Espinoza Cruz (March 27, 1987) is a Mexican Beauty Queen, Actress and TV Host, in 2007 she would win the Univision's beauty pageant/reality show "Nuestra Belleza Latina". Paul Winzer Paul Winzer, also known as "Walter Mosig", (born in Cottbus on June 24, 1908 and disappeared after World War II in 1945 or 1946) was a German diplomat and policeman and one of the leaders of Miranda de Ebro's concentration camp (in Castille) during Franco's dictatorship. He was also the head of Gestapo in Franco 's Spain. Biography. Early years. He was born in Cottbus in 1908 and studied law at the universities of Breslau and Berlin, but did not complete his "Abschluss" - degree -; he failed final exams twice and failed to complete his studies. In April 1932 he joined the Nazi Party (member number 1,106,851). Shortly after the Nazi rise to power, in 1933 Winzer joined the "Schutzstaffel" (SS). Then he joined the "Kriminalpolizei" in 1934. Stage in Iberian Peninsula. Assigned to the embassy of Nazi Germany in Spain. In May 1936 he was assigned to the German embassy in Madrid, on the express desire of Heinrich Himmler to investigate the Spanish communists and anarchists. On 18th July, when the coup took place, going from what the fascists intended to be a "Blitzkrieg" to the Spanisch Civil War of three years, Winzer was in Barcelona, where he was watching the German leftists participating in the People's Olympics. After staying there for a few days, Winzer boarded an Italian steamer and returned to Germany. However, when Nazi Germany, which had participated in the war alongside Franco's forces, immediately recognized Franco's legitimacy, Winzer was again sent to Spain with the new ambassador, Wilhelm Faupel, as police "attaché" at the German embassy in the post of "Kriminalkommissar" . Head of the Gestapo in Spain and concentration camps. After his arrival in Spain controlled by the fascist insurgents, he held various positions. Winzer oversaw Miranda de Ebro's Concentration Camp, built by fascist forces inspired by German concentration camps such as the one in his hometown, and in turn the Miranda de Ebro camp served as a testing ground for Nazi camps in Central Europe. Some authors point to Winzer as one of the designers of the structure of the camp, while others point to him as the designer of the entire Francoist concentration camps system. However, Winzer also carried out activities beyond his theoretical functions. For example, he cooperated with other embassy officials on plans to build a German oil refinery at Santa Cruz de Tenerife (in Canary Islands) with a view to using it in a future war; he was also responsible for the formation of the new political police ("politico-social brigade") of the Franco regime. After the signing of a police cooperation agreement between Franco's Spain and Germany in 1938 (which established the mutual extradition of "political criminals" arrested in both countries), Winzer's power in Spain increased considerably. After the end of the civil war, a later agreement further strengthened his power, and also allowed the installation in Spain of a network of "Sicherheitsdienst" (SD) agents under the supervision of Winzer himself. The network under his supervision consisted of around 30 agents who were spread across the entire Iberian Peninsula . Espionage in World War II. After the end of the Civil War, Winzer remained in Spain and moved to Madrid, along with the German diplomatic delegation. When World War II began, he became one of the main contacts for Walter Schellenberg, the German head of intelligence and counterintelligence. As a police "attaché", his duties also included monitoring the German colony residing in Spain. Winzer, for example, always suspected of Delegate of the Ministerio de Propaganda in Madrid Embassy, Josef Hans Lazar, who, despite being of Jewish origin, carried out a major propaganda campaign in Spain in favor of Nazi Germany. Winzer's power also extended to Portugal, even establishing contacts with the police of Salazar's dictatorship. He even hatched a plan to kidnap and/or murder Otto Strasser, a former Nazi who turned against the regime in Portugal. In early 1945 he was still at the embassy in Madrid. After the end of World War II, his whereabouts are unknown. Data annotation Data is one of the three key elements in the development of artificial intelligence. The development of computer recognition engine requires massive training data, which need to be annotated. These data include images, sounds, text, etc. Annotation of these types of data includes classification, frame, annotation, marking, etc. Flag and seal of Illinois The flag and Seal of the State of Illinois are the state's official symbols. The seal is used on official state documents. The top part of the seal has the words "Seal of the State of Illinois" The date Aug. 26th 1818 (on which Illinois was declared a U.S. State) is at the bottom of the seal. A bald eagle is in the middle. Secretary of the State Sharon Tyndale made an updated version for the seal in 1867. Illinois' state flag. The state's flag was chosen in 1915. It originally did not have the word "Illinois" at the bottom of the flag. But in 1969, the state word was added to the flag. The 1969 edition of Illinois' flag is the version that was used from then on. 2022 FIFA World Cup Group A Group A of the 2022 FIFA World Cup will be from 21 to 29 November 2022. The teams in the group are Qatar, Ecuador, Senegal and the Netherlands. The top two teams will go to the round of 16. Teams. Notes Standings. In the round of 16: Matches. All times listed are local, AST (). Qatar vs Ecuador. <section begin=A1 /><section end=A1 /> Senegal vs Netherlands. <section begin=A2 /><section end=A2 /> Qatar vs Senegal. <section begin=A3 /><section end=A3 /> Netherlands vs Ecuador. <section begin=A4 /><section end=A4 /> Ecuador vs Senegal. <section begin=A5 /><section end=A5 /> Netherlands vs Qatar. <section begin=A6 /><section end=A6 /> Discipline. Fair play points will be used as tiebreakers if the teams are tied after the overall and head-to-head rules. These points are based on yellow and red cards given to a team. The points are: China (1943 movie) China is a 1943 American World War II drama movie directed by John Farrow and starring Loretta Young, Alan Ladd, William Bendix, Tala Birell, Philip Ahn, Richard Loo. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures. 2022 FIFA World Cup Group B Group B of the 2022 FIFA World Cup will be from 21 to 29 November 2022. The teams in the group are England, Iran, the United States and Wales. The top two teams will go to the round of 16. Teams. Notes Standings. In the round of 16: Matches. All times listed are local, AST (). England vs Iran. <section begin=B1 /><section end=B1 /> United States vs Wales. <section begin=B2 /><section end=B2 /> Wales vs Iran. <section begin=B3 /><section end=B3 /> England vs United States. <section begin=B4 /><section end=B4 /> Wales vs England. <section begin="B5" /><section end=B5 /> Iran vs United States. <section begin=B6 /><section end=B6 /> Discipline. Fair play points will be used as tiebreakers if the teams are tied after the overall and head-to-head rules. These points are based on yellow and red cards given to a team. The points are: The Bedroom Window (1987 movie) The Bedroom Window is a 1987 American psychological thriller movie directed by Curtis Hanson and was based on the novel "The Witness" by Anne Holden. It stars Steve Guttenberg, Elizabeth McGovern, Isabelle Huppert, Paul Shenar, Carl Lumbly, Wallace Shawn, Frederick Coffin, Maury Chaykin and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. From the Hip (movie) From the Hip is a 1987 American comedy-drama movie directed by Bob Clark and starring Judd Nelson, Elizabeth Perkins, John Hurt, Ray Walston, Darren McGavin, Richard Zobel, Allan Arbus, Dan Monahan. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures. Rhodesia (1964–1980) Rhodesia from 1964 to 1980 may refer to: Yamata Amasung Keibu Keioiba Yamata Amasung Keibu Keioiba () is a Meitei language play. It was written and directed by Heisnam Tomba. It was produced by the "Kalakshetra Manipur". This play attempts to interweave the folk stories of the two legendary creatures, Yamata-no-Orochi of Japan and Keibu Keioiba of Manipur. Background. Yamata-no-Orochi was a Japanese dragon having 8 heads and 8 tails. Its body was enormous. Its body was as large as 8 valleys and 8 hills. Yamata was about to ate beautiful . Yamata had already eaten 7 of her older sisters. But God Susanoo killed Yamata and saved her. Keibu Keioiba was a mythical creature with the head of tiger and the body of human. He once kidnapped lonely Lady Thabaton. Later, Thabaton’s seven older brothers killed Keibu Keioiba and saved her. It happened with the help of a wise old woman. The play shows the qualities of sacrifices and great sufferings through the mythologies of Japan and Manipur. They are interwoven in such a way that the stories of the two hilltops could be narrated together. According to Heisnam Tomba, the director of the play, the play attempts to capture the two different cultures and explore every possible interpretations. The play was an intercultural testing of stories, dance, music and performing traditional arts. It shows the modern day meaning of the rich folklore of both Japanese culture and Meitei culture. First Chechen War The First Chechen War was a war between the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria and Russia from 1994 to 1996. Battles. The war was caused by Russia's prior attempt to overthrow the Chechen government in the Battle of Grozny in November of 1994. The initial campaign of the war saw the deadly First Battle of Grozny. Russia's major military failures during the conflict led to a rise of opposition movements against Russian president Boris Yeltsin. Damages. Death estimates for the Russian military in the conflict range anywhere from 3,500 up to 14,000. The war caused massive devastation for the region of Chechnya and neighboring areas of Russia that continues until this day. The conflict also caused a rise of ethnic tensions between Chechens and non-Chechens in Chechnya. Aftermath. In the aftermath of the First Chechen War, a rise of radical Islamic thought in the form of Jihadism began to rise in Chechnya. This ultimately led to the Chechen Civil War and later the pretext for the Second Chechen War. Trachycephalus lepidus Trachycephalus lepidus is a frog that lives in Brazil. Amblin Entertainment Amblin Entertainment is a independent movie studio of Steven Spielberg, founded in 1970. Amblin Television Amblin Television is a television production arm of Amblin Entertainment, founded in 1984. Imagine Entertainment Imagine Entertainment is a independent movie studio of Brian Grazer and Ron Howard, founded in 1986. 2022 FIFA World Cup Group C Group C of the 2022 FIFA World Cup will be from 22 to 30 November 2022. The teams in the group are Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Mexico and Poland. The top two teams will go to the round of 16. Teams. Notes Standings. In the round of 16: Matches. All times listed are local, AST (). Argentina vs Saudi Arabia. <section begin=C1 /><section end=C1 /> Mexico vs Poland. <section begin=C2 /><section end=C2 /> Poland vs Saudi Arabia. <section begin=C3 /><section end=C3 /> Argentina vs Mexico. <section begin=C4 /><section end=C4 /> Poland vs Argentina. <section begin=C5 /><section end=C5 /> Saudi Arabia vs Mexico. <section begin=C6 /><section end=C6 /> Discipline. Fair play points will be used as tiebreakers if the teams are tied after the overall and head-to-head rules. These points are based on yellow and red cards given to a team. The points are: 2022 FIFA World Cup Group D Group D of the 2022 FIFA World Cup will be from 22 to 30 November 2022. The teams in the group are France, Australia, Denmark and Tunisia. The top two teams will go to the round of 16. Teams. Notes Standings. In the round of 16: Matches. All times listed are local, AST (). Denmark vs Tunisia. <section begin=D1 /><section end=D1 /> France vs Australia. <section begin=D2 /><section end=D2 /> Tunisia vs Australia. <section begin=D3 /><section end=D3 /> France vs Denmark. <section begin=D4 /><section end=D4 /> Australia vs Denmark. <section begin=D5 /><section end=D5 /> Tunisia vs France. <section begin=D6 /><section end=D6 /> Discipline. Fair play points will be used as tiebreakers if the teams are tied after the overall and head-to-head rules. These points are based on yellow and red cards given to a team. The points are: 2022 FIFA World Cup Group E Group E of the 2022 FIFA World Cup will be from 23 November to 1 December 2022. The teams in the group are Spain, Costa Rica, Germany and Japan. The top two teams will go to the round of 16. Teams. Notes Standings. In the round of 16: Matches. All times listed are local, AST (). Germany vs Japan. <section begin=E1 /><section end=E1 /> Spain vs Costa Rica. <section begin=E2 /><section end=E2 /> Japan vs Costa Rica. <section begin=E3 /><section end=E3 /> Spain vs Germany. <section begin=E4 /><section end=E4 /> Japan vs Spain. <section begin=E5 /><section end=E5 /> Costa Rica vs Germany. <section begin=E6 /><section end=E6 /> Discipline. Fair play points will be used as tiebreakers if the teams are tied after the overall and head-to-head rules. These points are based on yellow and red cards given to a team. The points are: My Japanese Niece My Japanese Niece (, ) is a 2015 Japanese-Meitei movie. It was directed by Mohen Naorem. It stars and Yu Asada in lead roles. The movie has three major roles; the Japanese soldier (played by ), the Japanese niece named "Asada" (played by actress "Yu Asada") and the adopted daughter. The movie featured 100 soldiers from the Royal Thai Army, who took the roles of the Japanese soldiers of the WWII. Plot. Asada, a young Japanese lady, comes to Manipur to pay homage to her dead uncle. Her uncle died in the battle in 1944. In Manipur, she had a dream. In her dream, her uncle asked her to go to a village. But Asada discovered that a man who looked like her uncle had died a few months back. Asada decided to find out the truth. She discovered about the trials and problems faced by the Japanese soldiers in India. She also discovered many unpublished letters and diaries. Her findings helped her a lot to search for the truth. Production. "My Japanese Niece" looked into a Japanese army's life after the battle. Director Mohen Naorem was inspired by an earthquake that hit Japan in the year 2011. During the earthquake, the Japanese army played an important role in helping the victims. He believed that the movie will expose the humanitarianism of the soldiers in the battle of 1944. The shooting of the movie was done in Bangkok (Thailand), Tokyo (Japan), Manipur (India) and some places of the Indo-Myanmar border. Heiner Backhaus Heiner Backhaus (born 4 February 1982) is a German football manager former professional player who manages Rot-Weiß Koblenz. As a player, he was a journeyman who played as a defensive midfielder. Playing career. Born in Witten, West Germany, Backhaus made his professional debut with Hannover 96 on 12 August 2001, against SpVgg Unterhaching, on the 61st minute replacing Nebojša Krupniković. He played for Rot-Weiss Essen, 1. FC Union Berlin, Borussia Mönchengladbach, DSC Arminia Bielefeld and Kickers Offenbach in Germany, and AEK Larnaca in Cyprus. He played for Valletta from summer 2007 but left the club at the end of the season, after the championship success to join Kitchee SC of Hong Kong. Honours. Valletta 2022 FIFA World Cup Group F Group F of the 2022 FIFA World Cup will be from 23 November to 1 December 2022. The teams in the groups are Belgium, Canada, Morocco and Croatia. The top two teams will go to the round of 16. Teams. Notes Standings. In the round of 16: Matches. All times listed are local, AST (). Morocco vs Croatia. <section begin=F1 /><section end=F1 /> Belgium vs Canada. <section begin=F2 /><section end=F2 /> Belgium vs Morocco. <section begin=F3 /><section end=F3 /> Croatia vs Canada. <section begin=F4 /><section end=F4 /> Croatia vs Belgium. <section begin=F5 /><section end=F5 /> Canada vs Morocco. <section begin=F6 /><section end=F6 /> Discipline. Fair play points will be used as tiebreakers if the teams are tied after the overall and head-to-head rules. These points are based on yellow and red cards given to a team. The points are: Alexander Bade Alexander Bade (born 25 August 1970) is a German former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Since his retirement from playing, he works as a goalkeeper coach. Honours. Borussia Dortmund 2022 FIFA World Cup Group G Group G of the 2022 FIFA World Cup will be from 24 November to 2 December 2022. The teams in the group are Brazil, Serbia, Switzerland and Cameroon. The top two teams will go to the round of 16. Teams. Notes Standings. In the round of 16: Matches. All times listed are local, AST (). Switzerland vs Cameroon. <section begin=G1 /><section end=G1 /> Brazil vs Serbia. <section begin=G2 /><section end=G2 /> Cameroon vs Serbia. <section begin=G3 /><section end=G3 /> Brazil vs Switzerland. <section begin=G4 /><section end=G4 /> Serbia vs Switzerland. <section begin=G5 /><section end=G5 /> Cameroon vs Brazil. <section begin=G6 /><section end=G6 /> Discipline. Fair play points will be used as tiebreakers if the teams are tied after the overall and head-to-head rules. These points are based on yellow and red cards given to a team. The points are: Bunsen is a Beast Bunsen is a Beast is an American-Canadian-British-New Zealand-Australian-Irish comedy animated Television Series created by Butch Hartman for Nickelodeon aired in January 16, 2017 to February 10, 2018. It revolves around a small eccentric monster named Bunsen who begins attending a middle school that previously only admitted humans. In spite of prejudice against beasts, Bunsen befriends a human boy named Mikey Munroe and his homeschooled companion, Darcy. Together, Bunsen and his friends attempt to navigate through school life while outsmarting a student named Amanda who wants to rid society of Bunsen's kind. Karim Bagheri Karim Bagheri (; born 20 February 1974) is an Iranian professional football coach and former player. He is an assistant coach for Persepolis and the Iran national team. Honours. Persepolis Arminia Bielefeld Al-Sadd Iran Individual 2022 FIFA World Cup Group H Group H of the 2022 FIFA World Cup will be from 24 November to 2 December 2022. The teams in the group are Portugal, Ghana, Uruguay and South Korea. The top two teams will go to the round of 16. Teams. Notes Standings. In the round of 16: Matches. All times listed are local, AST (). Uruguay vs South Korea. <section begin=H1 /><section end=H1 /> Portugal vs Ghana. <section begin=H2 /><section end=H2 /> South Korea vs Ghana. <section begin=H3 /><section end=H3 /> Portugal vs Uruguay. <section begin=H4 /><section end=H4 /> Ghana vs Uruguay. <section begin=H5 /><section end=H5 /> South Korea vs Portugal. <section begin=H6 /><section end=H6 /> Discipline. Fair play points will be used as tiebreakers if the teams are tied after the overall and head-to-head rules. These points are based on yellow and red cards given to a team. The points are: Henryk Bałuszyński Henryk Bałuszyński (15 July 1972 – 1 March 2012) was a Polish international football striker. Career. Bałuszyński was born in Knurów. He scored four goals for the Polish national team in fifteen appearances. On 1 March 2012, he died of a heart attack. Hans-Jürgen Bäsler Hans-Jürgen Bäsler (28 March 1938 – May 2002) was a German footballer. Bäsler made 17 appearances in the Bundesliga during his playing career. 2022 FIFA World Cup knockout stage The knockout stage of the 2022 FIFA World Cup is the second and last stage of the tournament, which is after the group stage. It will start on 3 December with the round of 16 and will end on 18 December 2022 with the final match, in Lusail Iconic Stadium in Lusail. The top two teams from each group (sixteen in total) will advance to the knockout stage to play in a single-elimination tournament. A third place play-off will be played between the two losing teams of the semi-finals. All times listed are local, AST (). Format. In the knockout stage, if a match is tied at the end of 90 minutes of normal playing time, extra time will be played (two halves that are 15 minutes each). If it is still tied after extra time, the match will be decided by a penalty shoot-out. Qualified teams. The top two placed teams from each of the eight groups will qualify for the knockout stage. Bracket. <section begin=Bracket /><section end=Bracket /> Round of 16. Winners Group A vs Runners-up Group B. <section begin=R16-1 /><section end=R16-1 /> Winners Group C vs Runners-up Group D. <section begin=R16-2 /><section end=R16-2 /> Winners Group D vs Runners-up Group C. <section begin=R16-3 /><section end=R16-3 /> Winners Group B vs Runners-up Group A. <section begin=R16-4 /><section end=R16-4 /> Winners Group E vs Runners-up Group F. <section begin=R16-5 /><section end=R16-5 /> Winners Group G vs Runners-up Group H. <section begin=R16-6 /><section end=R16-6 /> Winners Group F vs Runners-up Group E. <section begin=R16-7 /><section end=R16-7 /> Winners Group H vs Runners-up Group G. <section begin=R16-8 /><section end=R16-8 /> Quarter-finals. Winners Match 53 vs Winners Match 54. <section begin=QF1 /><section end=QF1 /> Winners Match 49 vs Winners Match 50. <section begin=QF2 /><section end=QF2 /> Winners Match 55 vs Winners Match 56. <section begin=QF3 /><section end=QF3 /> Winners Match 51 vs Winners Match 52. <section begin=QF4 /><section end=QF4 /> Semi-finals. Winners Match 57 vs Winners Match 58. <section begin=SF1 /><section end=SF1 /> Winners Match 59 vs Winners Match 60. <section begin=SF2 /><section end=SF2 /> Third place play-off. <section begin=TPP /><section end=TPP /> Ensar Baykan Ensar Baykan (born 22 January 1992) is a Turkish footballer who currently plays for Fethiyespor. Career. On 6 July 2013, he joined Dardanelspor. Gulf Arabic Gulf Arabic ( ' or ', ) is a variety of the Arabic language spoken in Eastern Arabia around the coasts of the Persian Gulf in Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, eastern Saudi Arabia, northern Oman, and by some Iranian Arabs. Geoff Marshall Geoff Marshall is a video producer and author from London. He runs a YouTube channel about transport. He lived in the United States from 2006 to 2009. London Underground station visit records. Marshall got the world record for the Tube Challenge: travelling to all London Underground stations in the fastest time possible twice. His first world record time to visit the then 275 stations was set with Neil Blake in May 2004, on his seventh attempt. This beat the previous world record that was listed by Jack Welsby in April 2002. 2nd record time. His second record time of 16 hours, 20 minutes and 27 seconds, was set in August 2013. A prior attempt which came close was covered by BBC News as part of London Underground's 150 year celebrations. Writings. Marshall wrote a show revealing his multiple attempts which he performed at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 2014 and several times since at the London Transport Museum. TV and radio appearances. Marshall gives interviews on London TV and radio. He gives his analysis of transport stories. The Tube. He first appeared on TV in series 1 of ITV documentary "The Tube". The second episode shows his failed attempt to beat Jack Welsby's Tube Challenge world record. This was later followed in 2003 by "Race Around The Underground", part of Carlton Television's "Metroland" documentary series, where Marshall would have broken the record had the Richmond Branch of the District Line not suffered a signal failure. The Fanatics. He also appeared on Sky 1's quiz show "The Fanatics". He answered questions about the London Underground and then found himself in an episode of More4's "The World's Most Beautiful Railway" in September 2019 investigating the Caledonian Sleeper in the Scottish highlands. YouTube. Marshall was a publisher between 2013-2019 for Londonist Ltd, an online London themed company. One of the more popular video series is "Secrets of the Underground -" a YouTube series presented by Marshall that talks about obscure facts of the London Underground. The 17-episode series first featured the 11 London Underground lines, but later episodes were produced for other London networks and for bonus episodes. Solo channel. Marshall's solo YouTube channel publishes mostly transport-related content in the UK. One notable series is "Least Used Stations", where he uses Office of Rail and Road statistics to discover which station in a given county had the lowest use in the previous year, then visits that station to review its limited features. He is also planning to go to all of the UK's request stops. Others. Other notable series include "Six Stations", "Tube Challenge", "London's Lost Railways", "Secrets Of..." other transport systems across the UK and "Geoff's Top Twenty" discussing favourite videos on the channel but is slightly inaccurate as 15 of them are from late 2021 onwards . Projects. All the Stations was a project organised by Marshall and Vicki Pipe, to visit all 2,563 UK railway stations in the summer of 2017. The pair filmed most of the journey with daily updates posted on YouTube. They also posted updates to other platforms during the journey. An online hour documentary about the journey was produced in 2018. Funded by Kickstarter, the journey started on 7 May in Penzance and lasted 105 days where it stopped in Wick. 59 main videos were uploaded with 12 bonus videos too. They visited every station in Great Britain whilst gaining publicity along the way, like at lesser used Shippea Hill station. All The Stations Ireland. In 2019, Marshall and Pipe did All The Stations Ireland. They spent three weeks visiting all 198 railway stations in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland during March and April 2019, they then spent three days in July 2019 visiting the Isle of Man to travel to every station on the island too. Underground: USA. Underground: USA was a 12-week documentary road trip. Marshall took it between June and September 2009 where he went to all 48 mainland states of the US and in each one visited an area that shared a name with a station on the tube map, for example, Epping, Maine, where the journey started. He had his filming equipment stolen during the trip but eventually turned the story into a one-hour YouTube documentary as well as publishing a related book "Underground: USA". Charity events. Marshall led a tube-based charity event in 2005 with "Tube Relief". It was in response to the 7 July 2005 London bombings. Around 50 people took part, raising over £11,000 for charity. Marshall later did a series of "Walk The Tube" events to raise money for charities, by getting a group of people to visit every tube station but not as a record attempt. These events took place for three years following 2013. Selfie (2022 movie) Selfie is a 2022 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film directed by Mathi Maran and produced by DG Film Company. The film stars G. V. Prakash Kumar and Gautham Vasudev Menon with a supporting cast including Varsha Bollamma, Vidya Pradeep, Vagai Chandrasekhar, Sangili Murugan and Subramaniam Siva. The film's music is composed by G. V. Prakash Kumar himself and the cinematographer of it is Vishnu Rangasamy and editing done by S. Elayaraja. The film was released in theatres on 1 April 2022. Plot. Explores the underground college admissions racket through the life of Kanal, a hot-headed engineering student. Runway 34 Runway 34 is an 2022 Indian thriller drama film produced and directed by Ajay Devgn under his banner of Ajay Devgn FFilms. It stars him along with Amitabh Bachchan, Boman Irani, Rakul Preet Singh, Angira Dhar and Aakanksha Singh in pivotal roles. It released on 29 April 2022. Plot. Captain Vikrant Khanna is an accomplished pilot, who is preparing for a flight from Dubai to Cochin. He parties before the flight, and feels tired on boarding it, where his co-pilot is Tanya Albuquerque. Later, a cyclone in Cochin leads to the flight being diverted to Trivandrum on Khanna's suggestion, despite objection from Albuquerque. Albuquerque says that Bengaluru has to be the second option, not Trivandrum, as the latter is near Cochin and has a high chance of having bad weather too. Khanna says that if they divert to Trivandrum, they can attempt a landing there and save fuel. Due to miscommunication, the pilots do not realize that Trivandrum is facing weather worse than Cochin, which reduces the visibility level. Captain Khanna manages to land the flight while closing his eyes, and averts a major disaster. Prior to an enquiry, a small interrogation takes place, including Khanna's medical test. The instrument, however, is damaged and isn't able to reveal whether or not Khanna is drunk. The enquiry is held regarding the pilots' actions, headed by AAIB Head Narayan Vedant. The enquiry is held mainly because Alma Asthana, an elderly woman who was on the flight and was thesole passenger to trust Khanna with his decision to divert to Trivandrum, had died of a heart attack on her way to the hospital. During the enquiry, a polygraph is conducted on Khanna. Vedant scares Albuquerque with his questions and she mistakenly reveals that Khanna had closed his eyes during landing. During the next session of the enquiry, Khanna reveals that he has a photographic memory, so he knew what he was doing during landing, even though his eyes were closed as he was imagining everything in his mind. He eventually proves it through a simulated flight with Vedant as his co-pilot. He makes the same movements that he did on the night of the landing, this time wearing an eye cap over his eyes, to assure Vedant that he can land flights without seeing. He is suspended for three months, but is praised for his skill. Communist Party of Byelorussia The Communist Party of Byelorussia (CPB; ; ) was the ruling communist party of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, a republic of the Soviet Union from 1922, that existed from 1917 to 1993. The party was founded in 1917 as the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Byelorussia following the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was part of the Russian Communist Party (bolsheviks) led by Vladimir Lenin on December 30–31, 1918 with 17,800 members. It was important in creating the Byelorussian Soviet Republic in January 1919. It was renamed to the "Communist Party of Byelorussia" in 1952. Django Sissoko Django Sissoko (1948 – 4 April 2022) was a Malian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Mali from December 2012 to September 2013. He was Minister of Justice from 1984 to 1988. Sissoko died on 4 April 2022 in Bamako, Mali. Jimmy Wang Yu Wang Yu, also known as "Jimmy Wang" or "Jimmy Wang Yu" (; born Wáng Zhèngquán; 28 March 1943 – 5 April 2022), was a Taiwanese actor, movie director, producer, and screenwriter. He first became famous in 1967 with his starring role in "One-Armed Swordsman" and "The Chinese Boxer" (1970). Wang was born in Shanghai, China. His career began in 1960 and he retired in 2013. Wang died on April 5, 2022 in Taipei, Taiwan from problems caused by a stroke at the age of 79. Negus Negus, typically means a person who is a king or royal member. Josef Panáček Josef Panáček (8 September 1937 – 5 April 2022) was a Czechoslovak sport shooter. He won a gold medal in skeet shooting at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. He was born in Staré Město, Czechoslovakia. Panáček died on 5 April 2022 at the age of 84. Héctor Valer Héctor Valer Pinto (born 4 February 1959) is a Peruvian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Peru from 1 February 2022 to 8 February 2022. Aníbal Torres Aníbal Torres Vásquez (born 28 December 1942) is a Peruvian lawyer, jurist and politician. He was the current Prime Minister of Peru from 8 February 2022 to 26 November 2022. He was also Minister of Justice and Human Rights from July 2021 to February 2022 under the government of Pedro Castillo. In August 2022, Torres announced his resignation as prime minister over personal reasons, however his resignation was rejected by President Castillo. In November 2022, Torres resigned again and was replaced by Betssy Chávez 2022 Peruvian protests The 2022 Peruvian protests are protests across Peru. They are against the country's rising inflation and disapproval of President Pedro Castillo. The protests, organized by the leader of the Union of Multimodal Transport Guilds of Peru (UGTRANM) Geovani Rafael Diez Villegas. Inflation has been rising due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Protests began days after an effort to impeach President Castillo failed on 29 March 2022. After rioting on 4 April 2022, President Castillo declared a state of emergency and enforced an all-day curfew on the capital city of Lima for 5 April. Los Lobos Los Lobos (, Spanish for "the Wolves") is an American rock band from East Los Angeles, California. Their music is inspired by rock and roll, Tex-Mex, country, zydeco, folk, R&B, blues, brown-eyed soul, and traditional music such as cumbia, boleros and norteños. They began well known in 1987, when their version of Ritchie Valens' "La Bamba" topped the charts in the U.S., the UK, and other countries. In 2015, they were nominated for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. They are also known for performing the theme song for "Handy Manny". Christopher Rankin Christopher Rankin (1788 – March 14, 1826) was an attorney and politician from Pennsylvania. He moved to the Mississippi Territory in 1809. He was a delegate to the state constitutional convention in 1817, and was later elected as a U.S. representative for several terms, serving from 1819 to 1826. Harry Winks Harry Billy Winks [born 2 February 1996] is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for club Tottenham Hotspur, and has played for the England national football team. Winks is part of his current club's youth academy, where he graduated from in 2014 and became part of the first-team squad. In the 2018-19 season, he reached the final of the Champions League with his team, but lost to Liverpool 0-2. Early life. Harry Winks has Spanish ancestry through his grandparents, but was born and raised in Hemel Hempstead, England. He has been a fan of Tottenham Hotspur from a young age and went to his first match at the age of six. He was invited to join the academy for the football club when he was five after visiting a summer camp organised by a youth coach. Honours. Tottenham Hotspur Keith Scott Keith Scott (born 28 October 1953) is an Australian voice actor, comedian, impressionist and animation historian. Early life. Scott was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Career. He is best known as the current voice of the character Bullwinkle J. Moose since 1992, and voiced the character in the 2000 movie "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle", and for his vocal range, which he often used to voice cartoon characters such as Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Tweety, Sylvester, the Tasmanian Devil, Foghorn Leghorn, Popeye, Boris J. Badenov, Fearless Leader, Dudley Do-Right and others. He has also provided voices for a number of Australian animations such as Yoram Gross's "Dot" movies, "Blinky Bill" (in which he also sang the original version of the theme song for the first season), "Tabaluga", "Skippy: Adventures in Bushtown" and "Flippy and Lopaka". Branislav Šoškić Branislav Šoškić (19 November 1922 – 4 April 2022) was a Montenegrin politician. He was the President of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro's Presidency from 1985 to 1986. He was a member of the League of Communists of Montenegro. Šoškić was born in Gusinje, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. He was member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts and the Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts. He was its President from 1981 to 1985. Šoškić died on 4 April 2022 in Belgrade, Serbia at the age of 99. Radivoje Brajović Radivoje Brajović (born 11 January 1935) is a Montenegrin politician. He was the President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro from May 1986 to May 1988 and the President of its Executive Council from 1982 until 1986. He was a member of the League of Communists of Montenegro and the League of Communists of Yugoslavia. He was born in Peć, Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Socialist Republic of Montenegro The Socialist Republic of Montenegro ( / Социјалистичка Република Црна Гора), also known as Socialist Montenegro or simply Montenegro, was one of the six republics forming the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the nation state of the Montenegrins. It is modern-day Montenegro. Minister of Transport and Communications (Finland) The Minister of Transport and Communications (, ) is one of the Finnish Government's ministers. The Minister of Transport and Communications is in charge of the Ministry of Transport and Communications. The current minister is Timo Harakka of the Social Democratic Party. Timo Harakka Timo Olavi Harakka (born 31 December 1962) is a Finnish politician. He has represented the electoral district of Uusimaa in the Parliament of Finland as a Social Democrat since 2015. In June 2019, Harakka was made Minister of Employment in the Rinne Cabinet. He later joined the Marin Cabinet as Minister of Transport and Communications. Deputy Prime Minister of Finland The Deputy Prime Minister of Finland (, , "Finland's Prime Minister's Substitute"), officially titled the Minister deputising for the Prime Minister, is a member of the Finnish Government who becomes the acting Prime Minister. They have usually been the Minister of Finance as well. The current Deputy Prime Minister of Finland is Annika Saarikko. Annika Saarikko Annika Virpi Irene Saarikko (born 10 November 1983) is a Finnish politician and minister. On 5 September 2020, she was elected as the leader of the Finnish Centre Party. In 2020, she became the Deputy Prime Minister of Finland. Katri Kulmuni Katri Briitta Ilona Kulmuni (born 4 September 1987) is a Finnish politician. She was the leader of the Centre Party of Finland and Deputy Prime Minister of Finland from 2019 until 2020. Social Democratic Party of Finland The Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP, ; ), shortened to the Social Democrats (; ) and also known in Finnish as Demarit (), is a social-democratic political party in Finland. It is currently the largest party in the Parliament of Finland with 40 seats. Melilla Airport Melilla Airport is an airport in Melilla, an exclave of Spain in Africa. The airport is located about southwest of the city, near the border with Morocco. On March 24, 2014, the Spanish government announced that they will rename the airport after last Prime Minister of Spain Adolfo Suarez. Pirkanmaa (constituency) Pirkanmaa (formerly Häme North) is a Finnish constituency represented in the Parliament of Finland. It covers the administrative region of Pirkanmaa. Pirkanmaa currently elects 18 members of the Parliament. The constituency is largely urban and is around the working-class city of Tampere. The current Prime Minister Sanna Marin represents this constituency. Nice Côte d'Azur Airport Nice Côte d'Azur Airport () is an international airport located southwest of Nice, in the Alpes-Maritimes "départment" of France. University of Tampere The University of Tampere (UTA) (, ) was a public university in Tampere, Finland that was merged with Tampere University of Technology to create the new Tampere University on 1 January 2019. LGBT parenting LGBT parenting is about lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people raising one or more children as parents or foster care parents. This includes: children raised by same-sex couples, children raised by single LGBT parents, and children raised by an opposite-sex couple where at least one partner is LGBT. This has been controversial since some critics believe that children raised with LGBT parents might develop mental issues; however this is not scientifically proven. Kesäranta Kesäranta (lit. "summer shore", ) is the official residence of the Prime Minister of Finland. It is in the Helsinki neighborhood of Meilahti. The residence is owned by the Finnish Government through Senate Properties. It has a prohibited airspace zone. Hari Hara Veera Mallu Hari Hara Veera Mallu is an upcoming Indian Telugu-language period action-adventure movie that shows the life of legendary outlaw Veera Mallu. It is directed by Krish Jagarlamudi. The movie stars Pawan Kalyan in the title role. It also includes Nidhhi Agerwal, Arjun Rampal and Nargis Fakhri. The story is set in the 17th century in the Mughal Empire. The movie began its production in September 2020. It was scheduled for release on 29 April 2022 in Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam and Hindi languages, the movie was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The production also experienced delays because of Kalyan's other movies and political commitments. The movie is now planned to release on March 30, 2023. Premise. Set in the Mughal Era, outlaw Veera Mallu must steal the Koh-i-Noor diamond from the Mughals. Pacores Pacores or Pakores (Greek: ΠΑΚΟΡΗϹ "Pakorēs"; Kharosthi: 𐨤𐨐𐨂𐨪 ', '; Aramaic: pkwry) (100–135 AD) was a king. He ruled in the Indo-Parthian Kingdom in Arachosia from 100–130 AD. He ruled after Ubouzanes. He minted many coins. Matías Novoa Matías Novoa (June 14, 1980, Valparaíso, Chile) is a Chilean-Mexican Actor and Model, known for starring in several soap operas on TV Azteca. Factor (social) Social factors are characteristics of individuals or groups that affect thought or behavior in social contexts and influence outcomes. An example of social factors is attitudes. On Dangerous Ground On Dangerous Ground is a 1951 American spy crime drama movie directed by Nicholas Ray and was based on the 1945 novel "Mad with Much Heart" by Gerald Butler. It stars Ida Lupino, Robert Ryan, Ward Bond, Charles Kemper, Ian Wolfe, Ed Begley and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures. Little Free Library Little Free Library is a nonprofit organization that helps people share books. It usually does this by using public bookcases. The organization works to make books more available to many kinds of readers. There are more than 90,000 Little Free Library locations registered with the organization. They are in 91 countries. Millions of books are exchanged each year through these libraries. Little Free Library is based in Hudson, Wisconsin, United States. It is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. History. The first Little Free Library was built in 2009 in Hudson, Wisconsin. It was built by Todd Bol. Bol put a wooden container on a post on his lawn and filled it with books. It was designed to look like a one-room schoolhouse. The library was to honor his mother. His mother was a school teacher who had recently died and she loved books. Bol and his partner built and installed more of the libraries in different areas of the Midwestern United States. Little Free Library became an incorporated nonprofit organization on May 16, 2012. The Internal Revenue Service recognized Little Free Library as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization later that year. Bol originally wanted to create 2,510 Little Free Libraries. That is more than the number of libraries founded by Andrew Carnegie. The goal was met in 2012. Little Free Libraries were also built in other countries. By November 2016, there were 50,000 registered Little Free Libraries in 85 countries. Margret Aldrich wrote "The Little Free Library Book" about them. In August 2019, there were more than 90,000 Little Free Libraries in 91 countries around the world. Legacy and honors. The Little Free Library nonprofit has been honored by the National Book Foundation, the Library of Congress, "Library Journal", and others for its work promoting literacy and a love of reading. The Little Free Library organization has donated book exchanges through their Impact Library Program. It created a reading program called the Action Book Club. The program combines reading with community service. How it works. At a Little Free Library location, a person can take a book to read or leave one for someone else to find. Volunteers build, install, and take care of the boxes. For a book exchange box to be registered and legally use the Little Free Library brand, the volunteer must do one of three things: Registered Little Free Libraries can appear on the Little Free Library World Map. That map lists the libraries with GPS coordinates and other information. There are Little Free Libraries in many shapes and sizes. Some are small, brightly painted wooden houses. One is a larger library that looks like Doctor Who's TARDIS. Micromonospora kangleipakensis Micromonospora kangleipakensis is a species of bacteria. It belongs to the genus "Micromonospora". It belongs to the family "Micromonosporaceae". It is named after "Kangleipak" (another name of Manipur). Its type strain is DSM 45612; JCM 17696; MBRL 34. It is an aerobic bacteria. It can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment. It forms spores. It is in nature. It grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold. It is an . It was isolated from a sample of limestone quarry in "Hungpung" region of Kangleipak (Manipur). Morphology. "Micromonospora kangleipakensis DSM 45612" is positive in gram stain. It has cell width of 0.87 µm. Culture and growth conditions. Culture medium. It was cultured in the medium of "Gym Streptomyces Medium (DSMZ Medium 65)". Temperature. It grows under different temperatures. Physiology and metabolism. "Micromonospora kangleipakensis" is an aerobic bacteria. So, it has good tolerance for oxygen. It also has the good ability of spore formation. There are quinones of MK-10(H6), MK-10(H2) MK-11(H4), MK-10(H4) observed in it. During the carbon source type of metabolite utilisation testing, metabolites like alanine, glutamate, leucine, mannose and serine are found. Trachycephalus mambaiensis Trachycephalus mambaiensis is a species of frog that lives in Brazil. Wonka (movie) Wonka is an upcoming musical fantasy film directed by Paul King from a screenplay written by Simon Farnaby and King. It is a prequel to to the 1964 novel "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory" by Roald Dahl and stars Timothée Chalamet as the title character, following his early days as an eccentric chocolatier. Keegan-Michael Key, Sally Hawkins, Rowan Atkinson, Olivia Colman, and Jim Carter star in supporting roles in the movie. "Wonka" is scheduled to be released on 15 December 2023 by Warner Bros. Pictures. Premise. "Wonka" will focus on a young Willy Wonka and his adventures prior to opening the world's most famous chocolate factory. The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle is a 2000 American live-action/animated adventure slapstick comedy movie directed by Des McAnuff and produced by Universal Pictures, based on the television series of the same name by Jay Ward. The animated characters Rocky and Bullwinkle share the screen with live actors portraying Fearless Leader (Robert De Niro, who also co-produced the movie), Boris Badenov (Jason Alexander) and Natasha Fatale (Rene Russo) along with Randy Quaid, Piper Perabo, Kenan Thompson and Kel Mitchell. June Foray reprises her role as Rocky, while Keith Scott (no relation to original voice actor Bill Scott) voiced Bullwinkle and the movie's narrator. It also features cameo appearances by performers including James Rebhorn, Paget Brewster, Janeane Garofalo, John Goodman, David Alan Grier, Don Novello, Jon Polito, Carl Reiner, Whoopi Goldberg, Max Grodénchik, Norman Lloyd, Jonathan Winters and Billy Crystal. The movie follows a young rookie FBI agent named Karen Sympathy enlisting the help of Rocky and Bullwinkle to stop Boris, Natasha and Fearless Leader from taking over the United States. Released on June 30, 2000, the movie was a box office bomb, grossing $35.1 million worldwide against its $76 million budget and received generally mixed reviews with criticism towards its writing, plot, and humor while praising the performances, visual effects and faithfulness to its source material. Production. In October 1998, it was announced that Monica Potter had been cast as the lead role of Karen Sympathy. Robert De Niro was also announced to be in negotiations for the role of Fearless Leader, with Des McAnuff set to direct from Kenneth Lonergan's screenplay. In November 1998, Jason Alexander was cast as Boris Badenov. In January 1999, Rene Russo was cast as Natasha Fatale. In February 1999, Potter dropped out from playing Karen and was replaced by Piper Perabo. Sanabares Sanabares (Greek: ϹΑΝΑΒΑΡΟΥ "Sanabarou"; 135-160 CE) was an Indo-Parthian king. He was the last Indo-Parthian king to rule in Sakastan and south Arachosia. Engin Baytar Engin Baytar (born 11 July 1983) is a Turkish professional footballer who plays as a winger for İstanbul Siirtgücüspor. Brian Behrendt Brian Behrendt (born 24 October 1991) is a German professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for 2. Bundesliga club Eintracht Braunschweig. Career. Behrendt started playing football with local clubs Bremervörder SC and TuS Heeslingen. In 2006, he joined the youth squad of Hamburger SV, but transferred to Rapid Wien at the age of 16 when his father moved to Austria for work. He advanced through the club's youth system and made his debut for the second team in a 3–0 win against SV Mattersburg II in Regional League East on 5 March 2010. He joined First League side SV Horn on loan in January 2013 for the rest of the 2012–13 season. After returning to Rapid Wien, Behrendt made his first-team debut as an extra-time substitute in an Austrian Cup penalty shootout defeat to LASK Linz on 14 July 2013. He missed most of the 2014–15 season with a broken metatarsal, and he joined Arminia Bielefeld in July 2015. In December 2020 it was announced Behrendt would move to Eintracht Braunschweig in January 2021, having agreed a contract until summer 2023. Johann Philipp Kirnberger Johann Philipp Kirnberger (24 April 1721 27 July 1783) was a composer and music theorist. Life. Kirnberger was born on 24 April 1721 in Saalfeld. He learned to play the violin and harpsichord at his home. He learned to play the organ with J. P. Kellner. In 1739, he went to Leipzig. He studied music with Johann Sebastian Bach for two years. In 1741 he went to Poland, where he worked as a musician. He returned to Germany in 1751. That year, he became a violinist (somebody who plays the violin) in the Prussian court chapel. In 1758, he became the music director for Princess Anna Amalia of Prussia. He worked as a composer and music teacher for Princess Anna. During this time, he started writing about music theory. Kirnberger died on 27 July 1783 in Berlin after a period of sickness. Writings. Kirnberger was a famous music theorist. He wrote about counterpoint, music theory, tuning, and figured bass. However, he was not a good writer. He had to ask other people to help him write and edit his ideas. His writing is often confusing to read. He often praised J. S. Bach's in his writing. He thought that Bach's way of writing music is the best way. He tried to explain Bach's way of writing music in his book, (English: "Art of Pure Writing"). He created three musical temperaments. A musical temperament is how each note in an instrument is tuned. His first temperament is based on Pythagoras' temperament. His third temperament is often used to play baroque music. He created a way to write music using a pair of dice. This was published in (English: "The polonaise and minuet composer who is always ready"). A pair of dice is thrown. Then, the numbers on the dice is used to search a bar of melody from a table. This bar is added to the music. There are formula_1 minuets from Kirnberger's original table March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia (), is the current national anthem of Ethiopia, adopted in 1992. Far Cry Far Cry is a franchise of first-person shooter games published by Ubisoft. The first game to the franchise, named "Far Cry," was developed by Crytek to show their CryEngine software, which was released in March 2004. Ubisoft later got the rights to the franchise and began making newer games using a modified version of CryEngine. Far Cry is known for its open world gameplay. History. Origins. The first "Far Cry" game was made by German studio Crytek using their CryEngine software. Crytek wanted to create a realistic outdoor spaces with their game engine, which was advanced compared with other game engines at the time. "Far Cry" released in March 2004 for Microsoft Windows and sold 730,000 units in the first four months. After the release, Crytek stopped working with Ubisoft and signed a deal in July 2004 to make a gaming franchise with another publisher called Electronic Arts, which became the "Crysis" franchise. In March 2006, Ubisoft got the legal rights to the "Far Cry" series and a license for the CryEngine version used in the making of "Far Cry". Ubisoft Montreal became the main studio for making all future "Far Cry" games. Continued development. "Far Cry 2" was announced by Ubisoft in July 2007, with two large changes from the previous "Far Cry" games. First, the game use the Dunia Engine, a modified version of the licensed CryEngine by Ubisoft Montreal. The Dunia Engine creates a completely open-world game with realistic physics and destroyable environments. Secondly, "Far Cry 2" is more open-ended than "Far Cry," that means the player get to create their own stories with the other characters using an advanced artificial intelligence system. "Far Cry 2" was released in October 2008 and sold over 2.9 million units by 2009. Expansion. After the release of Far Cry 2, Ubisoft Montreal made a newer version of the Dunia Engine to allow some open-world features such as weather system, which was shown in the next game of the series. "Far Cry 3" was announced in 2011 and released in November 2012, it still received positive reviews and had sold more than 10 million units by 2014. Crytek Crytek GmbH is a German video game developer and software developer based in Frankfurt. It was founded by the Yerli brothers in Coburg in 1999 and moved to Frankfurt in 2006, Crytek also have studios in Kyiv and Istanbul. Federal Statistical Office of Germany The Federal Statistical Office (, shortened "Destatis") is a federal authority of Germany. It reports to the Federal Ministry of the Interior. The office is responsible for keeping track of statistical information about the economy, society and environment. They provide qualitative information for the public. About 2300 staff members are employed in the departments in Wiesbaden, Bonn and Berlin. Kamen Rider Drive Kamen Rider Drive is a Japanese tokusatsu television series, Kamen Rider franchise. Schedule. Super Hero Time "Ressha Sentai ToQger" and then "Shuriken Sentai Ninninger". Tea in the United Kingdom Tea was first introduced in the 17th century and ever since associated with the British culture. It became one of Britain's favorite brewing drinks with about 2 kilograms of consumed dry tea per person a year. Today tea is Britain's national drink and it belongs to one of Britain's common stereotypes. It is so integrated into the lives of British people to the point they invented the word "cuppa" for "a cup of tea". History. In the early 17th century, Dutch and Portuguese traders were shipping tea from various Asian countries to Europa. Tea became more and more popular and was introduced to a larger crowd in the year 1651. A few years later in 1657, Thomas Garway was the first person who sold tea in his in London. At that time tea was not consumed for recreational but more for medical purposes, against illnesses and diseases. Tea was an exclusive product that only a small group of wealthy people could afford. In the year 1662, as Queen Catherine of Braganza brought tea to the royal court, it became trendy among monarchs and wealthy people. At this point, tea was not just consumed for medical purposes anymore, but as a lifestyle product. In 1664, the British East India Company placed its first order of Chinese tea. Even though only a few people could afford the expensive product, it gained popularity, and by 1750 they imported Chinese tea worth millions of pounds. As the popularity of tea is growing the British Crown saw a new source of income, and because of that reason, they increased the tax on imported tea to 119%. Due to high import taxes on tea, people started to smuggle tea or sell low-quality tea which could be dangerous to consume. Most of these problems were gone, after decreasing the taxes on imported tea to 12.5% in the year 1784. In the 19th century, tea became much cheaper, because of the low import taxes, also they began growing tea in their colonies in India and Sri Lanka. Its popularity reaches working-class households, where tea was served with the main meal. This meal has become known as high tea. Afternoon tea. Nowadays Afternoon tea or low tea is a rare occasion, due to the lack of time in modern society. But in the 18th century, wealthy women would meet up at around 4 p.m. and drink tea together. made the afternoon tea fashionable, because of her unregulated dinner time she would drink a cup of tea severed with bread and butter, in the afternoon as a dinner replacement. The afternoon tea was extremely popular among her and her royal friends, so they also held their own afternoon tea ceremony. A formal tea set is made of fine bone china, porcelain, or silver and includes a teapot, cups and saucers, a creamer for holding milk, and a sugar bowl, all carried on a tray. Varieties. There are more than 3000 varieties of tea with completely different taste profiles in this world. These are the 6 most consumed tea types in Great Britain. Black tea has its famous dark color because of the long oxidation process of the leaves. The taste is bold and brisk and the tea contains caffeine that perfectly can replace coffee. Usually, you can add milk, sugar, or lemon to your black tea. Earl Grey is a black tea variety, but it has a fruitier flavor, because of the bergamot. This tea is usually severed without milk. Its name came from the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Charles Grey in 1830, after China gifted him this tea. English breakfast is a blend of black tea. The taste may be slightly sweet, bitter, or malty and is served with milk and sugar Green tea is popular for its health benefits. Consumers describe its tastes as less bitter and refreshing and without the need for sweetening. Oolong tea is a semi-fermented Chinese Tea with a woody to fruity flavor, depending on the manufacturing process. Herbal tea is currently trending among younger people, because of its high health beneficial effects. Herbal teas are made of fruit and herbal-based plants. Rodrigo Chaves Robles Rodrigo Alberto de Jesús Chaves Robles (born 10 June 1961) is a Costa Rican politician. He is the 49th President of Costa Rica since 2022. Chaves was Minister of Finance during the presidency of Carlos Alvarado Quesada from 2019 until 2020. José María Figueres José María Figueres Olsen (born 24 December 1954) is a Costa Rican businessman and politician. He was President of Costa Rica from 1994 to 1998. He also ran for president in the 2022 but lost to Rodrigo Chaves Robles. Area code 704 Area code 704 is an area code for North Carolina. It was one of the first area codes created in 1947. It initially covered the entire state but after it was split by 919 in 1954 and 828 in 1998. It now covers the Charlotte area. It consists of towns such as Concord, Indian Trail, Charlotte, Cornelius, Cherryville, Huntersville, and Albemarle. It was overlaid by 980 in 2000. Radiodonta Radiodonta is an extinct order of ancient arthropods that was successful during the Cambrian period. They can be called radiodonts and radiodontans along with other names. Radiodonts are identified by distinct appendages on their faces, which are diverse and can do a lot of things. Some of the earliest top predators are Radiodonts, but some others were filter feeders, eating by filtering food out of the water around them. Area code 803 Area code 803 is an area code for South Carolina. It was one of the earliest area codes created in 1947. It initially covered the entire state, but after it was split by 864 in 1995 and 843 in 1998, it now covers the middle of the state, including its capital city Columbia. It was overlaid by 839 on May 26, 2020. The Escapists 2 The Escapists 2 is a 2017 simulation strategy role playing video game. It is about escaping prison.s The game is a sequel to "The Escapists" (2015). Viola Desmond Viola Desmond was a civil rights activist in Canada. In 1946 she went into a segregated part of a movie theatre and would not leave. Then she was charged with tax evasion because the seats cost one cent less there. This event turned into a very well-known example of discrimination. Desmond was born in 1914 and died in 1965. She was pardoned from the tax evasion charge in 2010. Area code 705 Area code 705 is an area code for Ontario. It was created in 1957 as a split from area codes 613 and 519. It was overlaid by 249 in 2011. That same area was overlaid by 683 on June 18, 2022. Khodadad Rezakhani Khodadad Rezakhani (Persian: خداداد رضاخانی, born 1976) is an Iranian historian. He was an associate research scholar for the Sharmin and Bijan Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Iran and Persian Gulf Studies at Princeton University from 2016 to 2020. Rezakhani is also the founder of the website Iranologie.com. It a website that talks about the history of Iran since 1997. Far Cry (video game) Far Cry is a 2004 first-person shooter game made by Crytek and published by Ubisoft. It is the first game in the "Far Cry" franchise. Asturleonese language Asturleonese () is a Romance language spoken mainly in the autonomous communities of Asturias, northwestern Castile and León and Cantabria, and also in some parts of Portugal. Asturleonese is a dialect continuum, speakers of "Leonese", "Cantabrian and" "Asturian" "(Mirandese" in Portugal) are mutually intelligible, meaning they can understand each other. Asturleonese has been classified by UNESCO as an endangered language, because it is being replaced by the Spanish language. Beast (2022 Indian movie) Beast is a 2022 Indian Tamil-language action comedy movie written and directed by Nelson and produced by Sun Pictures. The movie stars Vijay and Pooja Hegde in lead roles. Selvaraghavan, Yogi Babu and Redin Kingsley play supporting roles. It revolves around an ex-RAW agent's crusade to rescue people held hostage in a shopping mall by terrorists. Production. The production rights of Vijay's 65th movie as lead actor were acquired by Sun Pictures in early January 2020. It was titled "Thalapathy 65". The movie was set to be written and directed by AR Murugadoss. However, the producers ousted Murugadoss from the movie in October 2020, after he refused to cut his renumeration. Nelson was later hired and he wrote a new script for the movie. Schedule. With an official announcement during December 2020, the movie began principal photography in April 2021. It wrapped in December. The movie was shot across various locations in Chennai, including a specially designed set resembling that of a shopping mall where most of the movie was shot. Sporadic schedules took place in Delhi and Georgia. The music was composed by Anirudh Ravichander, cinematography was handled by Manoj Paramahamsa, editing by R. Nirmal and production design supervised by D. R. K. Kiran. The movie was released in theaters on 13 April 2022. It received mixed reviews from critics and the audience. Cast. Additionally, director Nelson, music composer Anirudh and choreographer Jani appear in cameo appearances as themselves in the song "Jolly O Gymkhana". Knorr (brand) Knorr (, ), is a German brand of soups and drinks, belonging to the Anglo-Dutch conglomerate since the 2000s Unilever, it was founded in 1838 by Carl Heinrich Theodor Knorr. Knorr headquarters are in Heilbronn, Germany. Previously products sold under the Lipton brand. By 2000, the Knorr is available in ninety countries The brand is engaged in the sale of dehydrated soups, soup mixes, condiments and bouillon cubes. Great Plains wolf The Great Plains wolf ("Canis lupus nubilus") is an extinct subspecies of grey wolf. It is also called the buffalo wolf or loafer. It once lived in the Great Plains. The subspecies was declared extinct in 1926. Taxonomy. Thomas Say documented the Great Plains wolf in 1823. He was the first person to record "prairie wolves" (coyotes) and Great Plains wolves as different animals. He named it "Canis nubilus". Say wrote that the Great Plains wolf was more fierce and powerful than the red wolf or coyote. Description. The Great Plains wolf once lived in the Great Plains, from southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan to northern Texas. The Great Plains wolf was described as a large wolf with light-colored fur. However, some of them had fur that was all white or all black. The body length is 1.7 m (5.6 ft). The average weight of a male was 100lb (45 kg). The heaviest one recorded was 150 lb (58kg). The Native Americans of North Dakota told stories about how only three of these wolves could bring down a bison. There used to be many of these wolves living in the Great Plains. When the American bison was being killed, Great Plains wolves were also being poisoned and trapped for their pelts. Alexander Henry wrote that they were bold around humans, and fed on the dead bodies of bison. He recorded that Native Americans dug up wolf pups from their dens in the prairie. They also dug large pitfalls to capture wolves and foxes. Members of Henry's group dug up wolf pups and found them very tame and easy to train. In 1833, the explorer Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied recorded that these wolves were common in the upper part of Missouri. There, Native Americans had wolf pits and traded wolves to him for tobacco. He thought that the Native American's dogs were more dangerous to humans than the wolves. In 1856, Lt. G. K. Warren studied Great Plains wolf skulls and found that some of them were not full-blooded wolves. There have been many stories about violent hybrid wolf-dogs. It is possible that the Great Plains wolf's tameness and lack of fear of humans might be because they were mixed with domestic dogs. In North Dakota, by 1875 sightings of the wolf became rare, and by 1877 they were almost all gone. In North Dakota, two were sighted in 1915 by Remington Kellogg. The last known wolf was shot in 1922. The Great Plains wolf was officially declared extinct in 1926. Max Grodénchik Michael "Max" Grodénchik (born November 12, 1952) is an American stage, movie and television actor, best known for his role as Rom, a recurring character on the television series "". Boyd Hilton Andrew John Boyd Hilton FBA (born 19 January 1944) is a British historian. He is a professor and fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. He specialises in modern British history. Karol Divín Karol "Karcsi" Emil Divín (born Karol Finster; 22 February 1936 – 6 April 2022) was a Hungarian-born Slovak-Czech figure skater who represented Czechoslovakia. He was the 1960 Olympic silver medalist. He also was a two-time European champion (1958–59), and a two-time World medalist. He was born in Budapest, Hungary. Divín died on 6 April 2022 in Brno, Czech Republic at the age of 86. Rae Allen Raffaella Julia Theresa Abruzzo (July 23, 1926 – April 6, 2022), professionally known as Rae Allen, was an American actress. She was born in New York City. Her career began in 1948. She won a Tony Award in 1971 for her stage performance in "And Miss Reardon Drinks a Little". Allen died at the age of 95 on April 6, 2022. Eric Boehlert Eric Boehlert (December 6, 1965 – April 4, 2022) was an American media critic and writer. He founded Press Run. He was a staff writer for "Salon" for five years. He also was a contributing editor to "Rolling Stone" and as a staff writer at "Billboard". Boehlert was killed on April 4, 2022, after being hit by a train in Montclair, New Jersey, while cycling at aged 57. Jerry Uelsmann Jerry N. Uelsmann (June 11, 1934 – April 4, 2022) was an American photographer. He was known for his photomontage work. His works helped create the Adobe Photoshop to make surrealistic images. He won the Lucie Award in Fine Art in 2015. Uelsmann died on April 4, 2022 in Gainesville, Florida at the age of 87. Boris Brott Boris Brott, (March 14, 1944 – April 5, 2022) was a Canadian conductor and motivational speaker. He was one of the most well known Canadian conductors. He performed at Carnegie Hall and Covent Garden. Brott was the founder and artistic director of the National Academy Orchestra of Canada. Brott was killed after being hit by a car while riding his bike in Hamilton, Ontario on April 5, 2022 at the age of 78. Joaquim Carvalho Joaquim da Silva Carvalho (18 April 1937 – 5 April 2022) was a Portuguese footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He made six appearances for the Portugal national football team from 1965 until 1966. Carvalho died on 5 April 2022, thirteen days before his 85th birthday. Graciela Giannettasio Graciela María Giannettasio de Saiegh (20 October 1950 – 5 April 2022) was an Argentine politician. She was a member of the Justicialist Party. She was the Minister of Education during the interim presidency of Eduardo Duhalde from 2002 to 2003. She also was Vice Governor of Buenos Aires Province under Felipe Solá from 2003 to 2007. From 2007 until 2015, Giannettasio was a National Deputy. She was born in Remedios de Escalada, Argentina. Giannettasio died on 5 April 2022 in Buenos Aires, Argentina at the age of 71. Bjarni Tryggvason Bjarni Valdimar Tryggvason (September 21, 1945 – April 5, 2022) was an Icelandic-born Canadian engineer and a NRC/CSA astronaut. He was a Payload Specialist on Space Shuttle mission STS-85 in 1997. It was a 12-day mission to study changes in the Earth's atmosphere. Tryggvason was born in Reykjavík, Iceland. He grew up in Vancouver, British Columbia. Tryggvason died on April 5, 2022 at the age of 76. Raymond Lopez Raymond Anthony Lopez (born May 26, 1978) is an American politician. He is a member of the Chicago City Council since 2015. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He is seen as a critic of Mayor Lori Lightfoot. In April 2022, Lopez announced he would run for mayor in the 2023 election. No Chicago City Council member has ever been elected mayor, although two have been appointed to the office to fill vacancies. In November 2022, he dropped out of the race to focus on his re-election campaign for the city council. Lopez is openly gay. 2023 Chicago mayoral election An election for Mayor of Chicago is set to be held on February 28, 2023. If no candidate receives a majority of votes, a runoff election will be held on April 4, 2023. Current mayor Lori Lightfoot can run for a second term in office since there are no term limits for the office. The election is officially non-partisan, with its winner being elected to a four-year term. Han Duck-soo Han Duck-soo (; born 18 June 1949) is a South Korean politician. He is the 44th Prime Minister of South Korea since 2022. He was prime minister before in 2006 and from 2007 until 2008. He was the ambassador to the United States from 2009 to 2013. He was Chairman of the Korea International Trade Association from 2012 to 2015. When he became prime minister again in 2022 at aged 72, Han became the oldest person to be prime minister. Han Myeong-sook Han Myeong-sook (born March 24, 1944; ) is a South Korean politician. She was the Prime Minister of South Korea from April 2006 to March 2007. She is South Korea's first female prime minister. She was from the United New Democratic Party (UNDP) as a member of the Korean National Assembly (representative) for Ilsan-gab. She resigned as Prime Minister on March 7, 2007 and ran for President of South Korea in 2007. Rockleigh, New Jersey Rockleigh (pronounced ROCK-lee) is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 531. It is near Alpine. Alpine, New Jersey Alpine is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. It is north of Manhattan. Panthaplavu Panthaplavu is one of the Theri (section), in Pattazhy village (which is said to have 9000 acre Land). By one side of Panthaplavu is the highest place in Pattazhy, called "Mathiramala"; where the Russian monk escaped from the revolution and lived in an Ashram. ( who prayed and healed many sick during his life here). Part of Panthaplavu is Irruppakkuzhy and other side having the paddy fields and the Kallada River. Gonzalo García Vivanco Gonzalo García Vivanco (December 25, 1981, Guadalajara, Jalisco), is a Mexican Actor and Model, known for participating in the series "Soy tu fan", and being the antagonist in "Relaciones Peligrosas". Mercedes-Benz Travego The Mercedes-Benz Travego is a bus model designed by Mercedes-Benz. Space habitat A space habitat or spacestead is a theoretical space station that rotates to simulate gravity and is outfitted like an environment on Earth, with landscaping, a settlement, etc. These would be very big, on the order of 800+ meters in diameter Proposed designs include but are not limited to O'Neill cylinders - Tin can shaped spacesteads with habitable space all over the inside with the exception of the ends. Stanford toruses - Donut shaped habitats in which the land, settlement, water, etc is on the outer part of the interior, leaving the other half to be the sky. These would also have spokes and a central hub in the middle. Bernal Spheres - Spherical habitats several kilometers in diameter with the whole inner surface being habitable land. Bishop rings - Essentially smaller Stanford toruses without central spokes. Birch Worlds - Spherical habitats one or two light-years in diameter built around a galaxy's supermassive black hole Space habitat can also mean a base or enclosed settlement on or beneath the surface of a planet or large natural satellite. Post-scarcity economy Post-scarcity is a theoretical economic situation. It supposes a situation where most goods could be produced in abundance with minimal human work. Thus they become cheaply available or even free. Post-scarcity does not mean that scarcity has been eliminated for "all" goods and services. It supposes people could have their basic survival needs met, plus some significant amount of their desires for goods and services. In the present day, the idea of a world without needs is a fiction. Rather, the increasing population of the world may give rise to many problems. In 2017 the United Nations Population Division projected that the world's population will reach about 9.8 billion in 2050 and 11.2 billion in 2100. Cybernetic immortality Cybernetic immortality is a form of immortality that would come about by people replacing their biological body parts with almost indestructible artificial equivalents. Such people would be cyborgs. Mind uploading Mind uploading is the theoretical process of uploading the contents of ones brain, possibly even their consciousness onto a digital substrate such as the cloud. The amount of data and computer memory needed to do this would be immense indeed, on the order of millions of terabytes, no current computers have this sort of data capacity. The Cloud The Cloud is the global network of internet servers, each with a unique function. These services are located around the world and hooked together to operate as a single "ecosystem". Kherwal Soren Kherwal Soren (born 9 December 1957) or Kalipada Soren is a Santhali playwright and editor. He is a Santali Author. Career. Kherwal Soren, born as Kalipada Soren in 1957 at Raghunathpur near Jhargram in West Bengal, graduated from Seva Bharati Mahavidyalaya and passed M.A in Political Science from Rabindra Bharati University. He regularly edits a literary magazine "Kherwal Jaher". Soren has written 31 plays and a number of stories and poems in the Santhali language. He translated "Anubhab", a Bengali novel of Dibyendu Palit into Santhali. He received the Sarada Prasad Kisku award for his literary contribution. He retired from State Bank of India. In 2007, Soren was awarded the Sahitya Akademi for his play "Chet Re Cikayana". He was conferred the Padma Shri award in 2022. Life support system A life support system is the technology needed to survive in an extremely harsh environment (such as outer space or the bottom of Earth's ocean) including air, climate control etc. In medical terminology life support systems are where people are hooked up to apparatuses like respirators and monitors while in critical condition. Simulated gravity Simulated or artificial gravity is gravity created through artificial means. The most plausible version would be centrifugal or "spin gravity" that would use the rotation of the vessel to simulate gravity. Birch World A birch world is a theoretical Dyson sphere like megastructure that encloses a galaxy's supermassive black hole and could be up to two light-years in diameter with millions of habitable layers. What a Cartoon! What A Cartoon! (later known as The What A Cartoon! Show and The Cartoon Cartoon Show) is an animated American television series. It is an anthology series created by Fred Seibert for Cartoon Network. The cartoons were produced by Hanna Barbera Productions. By the end of the series, a Cartoon Network Studios logo was added to some of the cartoons. This was done to show that they were original. The series included 48 cartoons. They were meant to return creative power to animators and artists. It was believed they would do this by recreating the iconic cartoon characters of the mid-20th century. Each of the cartoons folllowed the structure of a theatrical cartoon. Each one was based on an original storyboard drawn and written by its artist or creator. Three of the cartoons were paired together into a half-hour episode. The series first aired on on February 20, 1995. The cartoons were promoted as "World Premiere Toons". During the original run, the name of the series was changed to "The What A Cartoon! Show" . It was later changed to "The Cartoon Cartoon Show" The series aired until August 23, 2002. The series helped revive television animation in the 1990s. It was a launching point for the Cartoon Network animated television series "Dexter’s Laboratory, Johnny Bravo, Courage the Cowardly Dog, Cow and Chicken, I Am Weasel," and "The Powerpuff Girls." Once it had several original cartoons, those became the first Cartoon Cartoons. From 2005 to 2008, "The Cartoon Cartoon Show!" was revived as a block for reruns of older Cartoon Cartoons that had been phased out by the network. Showdown in Little Tokyo Showdown in Little Tokyo is a 1991 American action movie directed by Mark L. Lester and starring Dolph Lundgren, Brandon Lee, Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa, Tia Carrere, Rodney Kageyama, Ernie Lively, Renee Griffin. It was distributed by Warner Bros.. Cumberland Plateau The Cumberland Plateau is the southern Appalachian or Cumberland Plateau in the Appalachian Mountains of the United States. The Plateau includes parts of Kentucky and Tennessee, northern Alabama and northwest Georgia. The terms "Allegheny Plateau" and the "Cumberland Plateau" both refer to the heavily ridged plateau lands west of the main Appalachian Mountains. The terms come from historical usage. Two major rivers share the names of the plateaus, with the Allegheny River rising in the Allegheny Plateau and the Cumberland River rising in the Cumberland Plateau in Harlan County, Kentucky. This was early coal-mining territory, and the area had some famous and tragic coal mining accidents. As mentioned in the article Allegheny Mountains, the mountains are the low ground-down rock of a once huge mountain chain. The land ridges are difficult to cross SE to NW (or vice versa), and this lead to mountain folk being semi-isolated from the lower areas to either side of the mountains. British Somaliland British Somaliland, officially the Somaliland Protectorate (), was a British protectorate in present-day Somaliland. The territory was bordered by Darawiish, Italian Somaliland, French Somaliland and Abyssinia. From 1940 to 1941, it was occupied by the Italians and was part of Italian East Africa. Avalonia Avalonia was a microcontinent in the Palaeozoic era. Parts of this old microcontinent lie under south-west Great Britain, southern Ireland, and the eastern coast of North America. Bits of it are in Europe, Canada, and parts of the East coast of the United States. Avalonia is named after the Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland. Avalonia started as a chain of volcanoes on the northern margin of Gondwana. It became a drifting microcontinent. The Iapetus Ocean in front of it slowly shrank. Avalonia collided with other continents. It ended up in the middle of Pangaea. When Pangaea broke up, Avalonia's remains were divided by the rift which became the Atlantic Ocean. That is how it came to be part in western Europe, and part in eastern North America. Trachycephalus cunauaru Trachycephalus cunauaru is a frog that lives in the forest and rainforest in Brazil, Bolivia, and Ecuador. Scientists think it might also live in Colombia and Peru. Scientists have seen it as high as 800 meters above sea level. The adult male frog is 57.9 to 74.3 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 74.4 to 84.9 mm long. This frog has a pattern of dark and light brown or gray on its back. Its toes are light green in color. This frog hides during the day and looks for food at night. The frog spends almost all of its life in the tree branches. It almost never goes to the ground. It lays eggs mostly during the rainy season. The male frog sits on a tree between 2 and 32 meters off the ground. The male frog chooses a place near a hole in the tree that is full of water. The male frog usually chooses the same place each time. Scientists think the male frogs are territorial and might fight each other for good places. The male frog sings for the female frog so she will come to him. The female frog can lay 1000 eggs at one time. She lays her eggs in the water in hole in the tree. The name "cunauaru" comes from the language of the people who live in the Amazon area. The name sounds a little like the sound the frog makes. It also means "toad wife." It also means the way the male frog calls for the female frog on nights when the moon is bright. Police Nurse Police Nurse is a 1963 American crime drama movie directed by Maury Dexter and starring Ken Scott, Merry Anders, Oscar Beregi (Jr.), Byron Morrow, Ivan Bonar, Carol Brewster. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. 1440p 1440p is a family of video display resolutions that have a vertical resolution of 1440 pixels. The 1440 pixel vertical resolution is double the vertical resolution of 720p, and one-third more than 1080p. 1440p is commonly used in smartphone screens, and for computer and console gaming as a cheaper alternative to 4K. Newton Ben Katanha Newton Ben Katanha (born 3 February 1983) is a Zimbabwean football striker who most recently played for Phnom Penh Crown. 2011–12 FC Augsburg season The 2011–12 FC Augsburg season was the 105th season in the football club's history and the club's first season in the Bundesliga. The season started on 30 July against Rot-Weiß Oberhausen in the DFB-Pokal. Promotion to the 2011–12 Bundesliga was the peak of a decade-long process started by clothing magnate Walther Seinisch. Review and events. 2011–12 season was the club's debut season in the Bundesliga. Municipalities of Portugal The municipality ( or "concelho") is the second-level administrative subdivision of Portugal, as written in the 1976 Constitution. São Bento Mansion São Bento Mansion (), is a late 19th-century mansion that is the official residence of the prime minister of Portugal. It is located in the Lisbon civil parish of Estrela, inside the grounds of São Bento Palace, the seat of the Portuguese parliament. European Parliament constituency Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) are elected by the population of the member states of the European Union (EU). The European Electoral Act 2002 lets member states the choice to give electoral subdivisions or constituencies for the European Parliament elections in different ways. M. Shahinoor Rahman M. Shahinoor Rahman is a writer, author, columnist, academic, folklorist, singer and editor in Bangladesh. He is the senior most professor of selection grade-1 in the English Department and former Pro-Vice-Chancellor at the Islamic University, Bangladesh. He served as Pro-Vice-Chancellor from 20 February 2013 to 22 February 2021. Portugal (European Parliament constituency) Portugal is a European Parliament constituency for elections in the European Union of the member state of Portugal. It is currently represented by twenty-one Members of the European Parliament. 2012–13 FC Augsburg season The 2012–13 FC Augsburg season was the 106th season in the club's football history. In 2012–13 the club played in the Bundesliga, the top tier of German football. It was the clubs second consecutive season in this league, having been promoted from the 2. Bundesliga in 2011. FC Augsburg also participated in the season's edition of the DFB-Pokal. It was the fourth season for FC Augsburg in the SGL arena. Review and events. The club also participated in the 2012–13 edition of the DFB-Pokal, the German Cup, where it reached the third round before losing to Preußen Münster. Squad information. Squad and statistics. Squad, appearances and goals. Source: Victoria Memorial, Kolkata The Victoria Memorial is a monument built in honor of Queen Victoria of Great Britain. The monument is in Kolkata in the Indian state of West Bengal. History. In January 1901, after the death of Queen Victoria, George Curzon, Governor General of India, proposed to build a memorial in honor of the Queen. The Prince of Wales, later King George V, placed the first stone on January 4, 1906. The memorial was designed by the British architect William Emerson. It was finished in 1921. The gardens were designed by Lord Redesdale and Sir David Prain. Present. Currently, the monument has a museum that is a tourist attraction in Kolkata. The museum houses over 30,000 items on display. Architecture. The style of the building has been described as "Indo-Saracenic" It includes elements of Indo-Islamic architecture. The building has a look that is similar to the Taj Mahal, India's most famous monument. Like the Taj Mahal, the Victoria Memorial is built in white makrana marble. Plus ultra Plus ultra (, , ) is a Latin phrase and the national motto of Spain. Winona, Missouri Winona is a city in southeast Shannon County, Missouri, United States. The population was 950 at the 2020 census. History. A post office was started in 1888. A lumberjack renamed it after Winona, Minnesota as it was his native home. The name is also a Sioux word. It means 'first born.' Geography. Winona is located in the Ozarks of southern Missouri. The city is at the intersection of US Route 60 and Missouri Route 19. The city lies within the Mark Twain National Forest. Birch Tree is eight miles to the west, Eminence is about eight miles to the north on Route 19, and Van Buren is approximately 18 miles to the east in adjacent Carter County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. Climate. Winona has an oceanic climate (Do). Summer is usually hot and muggy. Fall and spring are usually mild. Winter is moderately cold. The USDA Plant Hardiness Zone is 6b. Snowfall changes a lot. In some winters, there is light snow. In other winters, there are a lot of blizzards. Most snowfall is about . There is sometimes snowfalls in November or April. Seasonal snowfall accumulation has ranged from in 2017-18 to in the winter of 2009–10. The town’s heaviest single-storm snowfall was which occurred in January 2016. Precipitation is generally spread throughout the year, with eight to eleven wet days per month, at an average annual rate of , but historically ranging from in 1953 to in 1973. The most rain recorded in one day occurred on November 24, 1987, when fell. The January daily average temperature is , though the temperature frequently rises to during thaws and dips to for 2 or 3 nights in a normal winter. July averages , although heat waves accompanied by high humidity and heat indices are frequent, with highs reaching or exceeding on 40 days of the year. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 6 thru April 2, allowing a growing season of 217 days. Winters are generally dry with February having the lowest average precipitation at . The highest recorded temperature was on August 4, 2011. Temperatures at or above are not common, with an average of only 2 days of the year. The lowest officially recorded temperature was on February 2, 1951. Temperatures at or below are rare with the last such occurrence being on February 19, 2021. The record low maximum is on February 12, 1899, while the record high minimum is on August 1, 1934. Demographics. 2010 census. In the 2010 census, there were 1,335 people, 529 households, and 358 families in the city. The population density was . There were 595 houses. The average density of people was . The racial makeup of the city was 96.93% White, 0.07% Black or African American, 0.82% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.15% from other races, and 1.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.50% of the population. There were 529 households, of which 38.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 7.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.3% were non-families. 27.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.02. The median age in the city was 34.1 years. 30% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.8% were from 25 to 44; 24.1% were from 45 to 64; and 13% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.6% male and 50.4% female. 2000 census. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,290 people, 525 households, and 343 families living in the city. The population density was 342.4 people per square mile (132.1/km). There were 587 housing units at an average density of 155.8 per square mile (60.1/km). The racial makeup of the city was 94.96% White, 1.94% Native American, and 3.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.39% of the population. There were 525 households, out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.3% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.5% were non-families. 30.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.09. In the city the population was spread out, with 30.4% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 87.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $18,640, and the median income for a family was $24,000. Males had a median income of $21,912 versus $15,865 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,564. About 28.4% of families and 34.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 47.3% of those under age 18 and 20.9% of those age 65 or over. Education. Public education in Winona is done by the Winona R-III School District. Winona has a lending library, the Winona Public Library. Far Cry 6 Far Cry 6 is a 2021 action-adventure first-person shooter game made and published by Ubisoft. It is the sixth main game in the "Far Cry" series and the successor to 2018's "Far Cry 5". The main villian of the game is portrayed by actor Giancarlo Esposito. Ricky Fuji Masanori Morimura (; born September 27, 1965) is a Japanese professional wrestler. He is best known as Ricky Fuji (). Fuji has worked with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW) since 2015. He previously worked with them from 1990 to 2002. He is Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling's longest active wrestler in history. Fujiko Fujio was a pen name of a Japanese manga writing duo formed by two Japanese manga artists. Their real names are and . They formed their partnership in 1951. They used the Fujiko Fujio name from 1954 until they ended their partnership in 1987. Fukimoto was known for "Fujiko F. Fujio" and Abiko was known as "Fujiko A. Fujio". They are best known for creating the popular and long-running series "Doraemon". The main character is seen as a cultural icon of modern Japan. Fujimoto was born in Takaoka, Toyama. He died of liver failure in Tokyo in 1996, aged 62. Abiko was born in Himi, Toyama. He died in 2022 in Kawasaki, Kanagawa, aged 88. David McKee David John McKee (2 January 1935 – 6 April 2022) was a British writer and illustrator. His works were about children's books and animations. He was the United Kingdom's nominee for the international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 2006. McKee died on 6 April 2022 after a short illness, aged 87. Miguel Ángel Estrella Miguel Ángel Estrella (4 July 1940 – 7 April 2022), was an Argentine pianist and human rights activist. He was a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador and a juror of the Russell Tribunal. He was born in San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina. He went into exile on 1976 during the National Reorganization Process and was imprisoned and tortured in 1977 by the Civic-military dictatorship of Uruguay. He was released in 1980. From 2007 to 2016 he was the Argentine ambassador to the UNESCO. In 2013 he was honoured by the Argentine Senate for his career and his human rights defense. Estrella died on 7 April 2022 in Paris, France at the age of 81. Ludwik Dorn Ludwik Stanisław Dorn (5 June 1954 – 7 April 2022) was a Polish politician. He was a member of Sejm from 1997 until 2015. Dorn was also Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior and Administration from 2005 until 2007. Dorn was the Marshal of the Sejm in 2007. Dorn was born in Warsaw, Poland. He was a member of many political parties such as Law and Justice, Poland Plus, United Poland and was Independent until his death. Dorn died on 7 April 2022 in Warsaw, aged 67. Ana Derșidan-Ene-Pascu Ana Derșidan-Ene-Pascu (22 September 1944 – 6 April 2022) was a Romanian fencer and sport leader. She won a bronze medal in the women's team foil events at the 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics. Derșidan-Ene-Pascu was born in Bucharest, Romania. Derșidan-Ene-Pascu died on 6 April 2022 at the age of 77. Oberwiesenthal Oberwiesenthal (; officially Kurort Oberwiesenthal) is a town and a ski resort in the district of Erzgebirgskreis in Saxony in Germany. It is located in the Ore Mountains, on the border with the Czech Republic, 19 km south of Annaberg-Buchholz, and 23 km northeast of Karlovy Vary. At , it is the highest town in Germany. David Kilgour David William Kilgour (February 18, 1941 – April 5, 2022) was a Canadian human rights activist, author, lawyer, and politician. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party and Liberal Party of Canada. Kilgour was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Kilgour was a member of the Parliament of Canada from 1979 until 2006 representing the Edmonton, Alberta area. He was the Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons from 1994 until 1997. Kilgour was the Secretary of State of Latin America, Africa and Asia Pacific from 1997 until 2003 during the Jean Chrétien government. Kilgour died on April 5, 2022 in Ottawa, Ontario from lung disease, aged 81. Nice attack Nice attack may refer to one of the terrorist attack that happened in Nice, France: Wa State Wa State is an autonomous region in Myanmar. It is considered "de facto" independent from the rest of the country because has its own political system, administrative divisions and army. 2013–14 FC Augsburg season The 2013–14 FC Augsburg season was the 107th season in the football club's history and third consecutive season in the Bundesliga, having been promoted from the 2. Bundesliga in 2011. FC Augsburg also participated in the season's edition of the DFB-Pokal. It was the fifth season for Augsburg in the SGL arena. List of German football transfers summer 2013 This is a list of German football transfers in the summer transfer window 2013 by club. Only transfers of the Bundesliga, and 2. Bundesliga are included. Bundesliga. Bayern Munich. In: Out: Borussia Dortmund. In: Out: Bayer 04 Leverkusen. In: Out: FC Schalke 04. In: Out: SC Freiburg. In: Out: Eintracht Frankfurt. In: Out: Hamburger SV. In: Out: Borussia Mönchengladbach. In: Out: Hannover 96. In: Out: 1. FC Nürnberg. In: Out: VfL Wolfsburg. In: Out: VfB Stuttgart. In: Out: 1. FSV Mainz 05. In: Out: Werder Bremen. In: Out: FC Augsburg. In: Out: 1899 Hoffenheim. In: Out: Hertha BSC. In: Out: Eintracht Braunschweig. In: Out: 2. Bundesliga. Fortuna Düsseldorf. In: Out: SpVgg Greuther Fürth. In: Out: 1. FC Kaiserslautern. In: Out: FSV Frankfurt. In: Out: 1. FC Köln. In: Out: 1860 Munich. In: Out: 1. FC Union Berlin. In: Out: Energie Cottbus. In: Out: VfR Aalen. In: Out: FC St. Pauli. In: Out: SC Paderborn 07. In: Out: FC Ingolstadt 04. In: Out: VfL Bochum. In: Out: FC Erzgebirge Aue. In: Out: Dynamo Dresden. In: Out: SV Sandhausen. In: Out: Karlsruher SC. In: Out: Arminia Bielefeld. In: Out: Vivienne Medrano Vivienne Medrano (October 28, 1992, Frederick, Maryland) known online as VivziePop, is a Salvadoran-American animator andillustrator known for creating the adult animated shows "Hazbin Hotel" and "Helluva Boss". She also made the webcomic "ZooPhobia". Medrano studied at the School of Visual Arts in New York and graduated in August 2014. She began working on the webcomic "ZooPhobia" in 2012, before cancelling it in 2016. She cancelled it so that she could work on a new project called "Hazbin Hotel". In 2019, the pilot for "Hazbin Hotel" was released. The pilot for "Helluva Boss" was also released in 2019, because she had been secretly working on it too. Melrose, Massachusetts Melrose is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. Its population in the 2020 United States Census was 29,817. Riley Reid Riley Reid (born July 9, 1991) is an American pornographic actress. She has won over 40 awards. She was honored into the XRCO Hall of Fame in 2021. Reid worked as a stripper before working in adult movies in 2010, at the age of 19. She was on CNBC's list of "The Dirty Dozen: Porn's Most Popular Stars" in 2014, 2015, and 2016. History of the Indian textile industry The Indian textile industry dates back to over 4000 years ago and can be classified broadly into 3 stages -pre-colonial period, colonial period and post independence period. However, this article focuses mainly on the influence that the British rule had on the textile industry in India between 1858 and 1947. Pre-colonial period. Around the 3rd century BC, during the Indus Valley Civilization, textiles were manufactured from animal hair, wool, cotton, and silk. Numerous small kingdoms and dynasties contributed to the development of the textile industry in India. At that time, the Indian products were highly appreciated by the Romans, Chinese and other Asian traders but since several religions such as Buddhism, and Sikhism encouraged people to give up luxurious items as a path to enlightenment, the textile industry declined. Still, a significant expansion of the textile trade took place in India during the medieval period (12th-15th century). Large quantities of North Indian silk were traded to Western countries via the Silk Road in China. The Indian silks were often traded with the western countries for their spices in the exchanged barter system. Colonial period. The British rule in India, the so-called "Raj", lasted from 1858 until 1947. During that period the British modernized the country, but completely decimated its economy. Just to give an example: In 1700, India was the world’s richest country, accounting for some 27% of global GDP. But in 1947, when India achieved its independence, India had been reduced to one of the world’s poorest countries, with just over 3% of global GDP. The British took over thriving industries - such as textiles, shipbuilding and steel - and destroyed them through force, taxes, import duties and the imposition of their exports and products on the backs of Indian consumers. During the late 17th and 18th centuries, Indian cotton was widely exported to Western countries to meet the needs of European industries during the industrial revolution. Hence there was no industrial revolution in India. Due to the abolition of slavery in America, England started looking for another source of cheap cotton and saw India as the right place for it. They convinced many farmers to switch from subsistence farming to the production and export of large quantities of cotton after a long period of protectionism against the English textile industry. Post independence period. The Indian textile industry has gone through a number of changes since Independence in 1947, and after liberalisation in the 1990s, it is one of today's most vibrant industries. It has traditionally been the only industry after agriculture that has generated huge employment for both skilled and unskilled labour. The textile industry remains the second largest employment sector in India. It provides direct employment to over 35 million people in the country. 2022 Corsica unrest The 2022 unrest in Corsica is a series of ongoing demonstrations and riots that have occurred since March 2022 in Corsica. This is best of a prison attack on Corsican nationalist leader Yvan Colonna. There were rallies in the main cities of Ajaccio, Calvi and Bastia that became violent clashes between police and protestors. Protestors threw stones and flares at gendarmes. Touraj Daryaee Touraj Daryaee (; born 1967) is an Iranologist and historian. He is from Iran. He works as the director of the Dr. Samuel M. Jordan Center for Persian Studies at the University of California, Irvine. He got a Ph.D. in History at the University of California, Los Angeles in 1999. He has taught at UCLA. He is the editor of the "Name-ye Iran-e Bastan", "The International Journal of Ancient Iranian Studies" and the "DABIR: Digital Ar". He is also the director of the "Sasanika Project", a project on the history and culture of Sasanians. His most famous books are "Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire" and "Sasanian Iran (224-651 CE): Portrait of a Late Antique Empire". Publications. Daryaee has written many publications. His book, "Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire", in 2010 received multiple awards by BRISMES and the British-Kuwait Friendship Society Prize in Middle Eastern Studies. Selected Articles (European Languages). no. 3-4, 1998(2000), pp. 431-462. Michael Alram Michael Alram (born 1956) is an Austrian historian and numismatic. He got a doctorate in Ancient Numismatics and Classical Archaeology in the University of Vienna in 1982. He has been Director of the Vienna Coin Cabinet at the Kunsthistorisches Museum since 1982. He is also a member of the Numismatic Commission of the Austrian Academy of Science. Scheden Scheden is a village in the district of Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany. Benátky nad Jizerou Benátky nad Jizerou () is a town in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. Around 7500 people live there. Virgin Islands–Puerto Rico Friendship Day Virgin Islands – Puerto Rico Friendship Day is a holiday in the United States Virgin Islands. It happens on the second Monday in October. The holiday began in 1964. Governor Ralph Moses Paiewonsky wanted to show respect to Puerto Ricans who live in the Virgin Islands. The day happens at the same time as Columbus Day to respect cultures for Americans in the Caribbean. Puerto Rico is about from the United States Virgin Islands and many Puerto Ricans live in the Virgin Islands. In 2010, about 10% of the population of the United States Virgin Islands was Puerto Rican. Celebrations. Celebrations happen in early October, such as jazz concerts, dancing, a horse show, and events to show Puerto Rican and United States Virgin Island cultures. There are also sports events like a 5K race, as well as a parade. Duttaphrynus manipurensis Manipur toad (Duttaphrynus manipurensis) is a species of amphibian. It belongs to the family of Bufonidae. This species is found only in Manipur. It is found in the Chandel District. It is a sexually reproducing toad. It depends on saltation for its movements. Name origin. The species name is composed of "manipur" and the Latin suffix "-ensis". This means "who lives in, who dwells". It was given to refer to the place of its discovery. Description. Manipur toad ("Duttaphrynus manipurensis") is a small-sized toad. It is of 45–47 mm in length. It has a short and thick body. It has a head that is broader than long. Its ridges (places of the genome with a high expression of gene) in brain is significant but it is narrow. It is snout pointed and is shorter than the diameter of eye. It has projecting tip between ridges having little tubercules. It's ear (tympanum) is small in size, vertically oval in shape and is about 42% of the diameter of eye. It has long parotoid glands. Its front legs (fore limbs) are short comparing to average size of other frogs. Its fingers are free to move. Its finger tips are blunt. Its back legs (hind limbs) are also short. Its toes are long comparing to average size of other frogs and webbed (connected by a membrane). 3 pairs of vertebral warts are present in the front part of its body. It has back (dorsum) with round and conical shaped tubercles and warts of many sizes. Its warts present on the limbs are smaller. Some of them are spiny in shape. Its back (dorsum) is of dark brown colour. It has black color tipped warts. Its jaws and legs (limbs) are divided off by bars. John Ellis (baseball) John Charles Ellis (August 21, 1948 – April 5, 2022) was an American professional baseball player. He played as a first baseman and catcher in Major League Baseball from 1969 to 1981. He played for the New York Yankees, Cleveland Indians, and Texas Rangers. Ellis died on April 5, 2022 from cancer at a hospital in New Haven, Connecticut at the age of 73. Michael Neidorff Michael F. Neidorff (1943 – April 7, 2022) was an American business executive. From 1996 until March 2022, he was the CEO of Centene Corp. Neidorff was listed on Fortune's Businessperson of the year list in 2017. In April 2020, Neidorff joined the White House economic recovery task force on reopening the United States after the COVID-19 pandemic. Neidorff died on April 7, 2022, at the age of 79. Le Mans Grand Prix The Le Mans Grand Prix is a racing event that is part of the Formula 1 non-Championship season. The Grand Prix was held by Le Mans circuit on 1980-1982, 1991-2008 for day-race, since 2009, the race took to night. The 2010 edition of the race saw a different circuit configuration used for the Grand Prix. The "Circuit de la Sarthe" layout was used instead of the "Grand Prix Circuit" layout, extending the lap length to 13.626 km (8.467 mi). The track was planned to revert back to its original layout for the 2011 edition. The 2020 edition has been cancelled due to travel restrictions of Pays de la Loire caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in France. Winners. "A green background indicates a night-race." Bergedorf Bergedorf () is a borough of Hamburg, Germany. In 2020 the population of the borough was 130,994. Rayfield Wright Larry Rayfield Wright (August 23, 1945 – April 7, 2022) was an American professional football player. He was an offensive tackle for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL) for 13 seasons from 1967 until 1979. He is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Wright was born in Griffin, Georgia. Wright was diagnosed with early-onset dementia in 2013. He died on April 7, 2022 in Fort Worth, Texas at the age of 76. W. V. D. Hodge Sir William Vallance Douglas Hodge (; 17 June 1903 – 7 July 1975 G) was a geometer. Works. He discovered deep topological relations between algebraic and differential geometry. This is an area of harmonics now called Hodge theory. It is used in manifolds. It had big sway in academic geometry for several generations of mathematics education. Tony Knowles Anthony Carroll Knowles (born January 1, 1943) is an American politician and businessman. He was the Governor of Alaska from 1994 to 2002. He ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate in 2004 and again for governor in 2006. In 2008, Knowles was seen as a possible candidate for U.S. Secretary of Energy or U.S. Secretary of the Interior under the Barack Obama administration. Arliss Sturgulewski Jane Arliss Sturgulewski ("née" Wright; September 27, 1927 – April 7, 2022) was an American Republican politician and businesswoman. She was born in Ferndale, Washington. Sturgulewski was a member of the Alaska Senate from 1979 until 1993. She was the unsuccessful Republican nominee for Governor of Alaska two times in 1986 and 1990. Sturgulewski was hospitalized on April 5, 2022 in Anchorage, Alaska. She died two days later, aged 94. Ferndale, Washington Ferndale is a city in Whatcom County, Washington, United States. The population was 11,415 at the 2010 census. Wally Hickel Walter Joseph Hickel (August 18, 1919 – May 7, 2010) was an American businessman, real estate developer, and Republican politician. He was the 2nd and 8th Governor of Alaska from 1966 until 1969 and again from 1990 until 1994. He was also the United States Secretary of the Interior from 1969 until 1970 during the Richard Nixon administration. Hickel died on May 7, 2010 in Anchorage, Alaska at the age of 90. William A. Egan William Allen Egan (October 8, 1914 – May 6, 1984) was an American Democratic politician. He was the first and the fourth governor of the State of Alaska from January 3, 1959 to 1966 and 1970 to 1974. Egan died on May 6, 1984 at the age of 69 from lung cancer in Anchorage, Alaska. Jay Hammond Jay Sterner Hammond (July 21, 1922 – August 2, 2005) was an American politician of the Republican Party, who served as the fourth governor of Alaska from 1974 to 1982. Hammond survived a rafting accident on August 6, 1988, while shooting an episode of the series on the Tana River in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park. Port Alsworth, Alaska Port Alsworth is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska, United States. It is by air southwest of Anchorage. The population was 186 at the 2020 census. King Salmon, Alaska King Salmon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Bristol Bay Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is southwest of Anchorage. As of the 2020 census the population was 307. It is home to Katmai National Park and Preserve. King Salmon is the borough seat of neighboring Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska. Naknek, Alaska Naknek () is a census-designated place located in and the borough seat of Bristol Bay Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2020 census, the population of the CDP was 470. Ellinwood, Kansas Ellinwood is a city in Barton County, Kansas, United States. In the 2020 census, the population of the city was 2,011. John A. Burns John Anthony Burns (March 30, 1909 – April 5, 1975) was an American Democratic politician. Burns was the second governor of Hawaii from 1962 to 1974. He almost lost his primary re-election nomination. William F. Quinn William Francis Quinn (July 13, 1919 – August 28, 2006) was an American lawyer and politician. He was the 12th and last governor of the Territory of Hawaii from 1957 to 1959 and the first governor of the State of Hawaii from 1959 to 1962. Quinn died on August 28, 2006 in Honolulu, Hawaii at the age of 87. Trachycephalus helioi Trachycephalus heloi is a frog that lives in Brazil. Scientists have only seen it in one place. Displacement current In electromagnetism, displacement current density is the quantity ∂D/∂"t" appearing in Maxwell's equations that is defined in terms of the rate of change of D, the electric displacement field. 1986 enlargement of the European Communities Spain and Portugal joined the European Communities, now the European Union, in 1986. This was the third enlargement of the Communities. Xenohyla Xenohyla is a genus of tree frogs in the family Hylidae. They live in deserts and other dry places in the middle of Brazil, not far from the Atlantic Ocean. "Xenohyla eugenioi" lives in the State of Bahia and the State of Sergipe, and "Xenohyla truncata" lives in the State of Rio de Janeiro. These frogs have strong bodies, wide flat heads, short faces, short front legs, and a body that looks short from above. They live near bromeliad plants, where they hide during the day. They eat the insects that also live in the plant. They lay eggs in temporary pools of water that are formed by rainwater. Both species are orange or brown with a white stripe down the edges of their backs. "X. truncata" loses this stripe when it becomes an adult but "X. eugenioi" keeps it as an adult. "Xenohyla truncata" is the only known amphibian that eats fruit. It finds the fruit and swallows it whole. The seeds from the fruit come out of its body in its waste, which helps the plant spread. This frog also eats insects and other animals without bones. How much depends on the time of year. It eats more fruits when the plants grow fruit and more small animals when they do not. Scientists do not know whether or not "Xenohyla eugenioi" eats fruit too. The genus name comes from Ancient Greek xeno (ξένος meaning "strange" or "alien") and hyla (ὕλη meaning "wood" or "forest") which is used for tree frogs, so the genus name means "strange tree frog." "Xenohyla truncata" means "strange truncated tree frog" after the short shape of its body. "Xenohyla eugenioi" is named after Brazilian amphibian scientist Eugênio Izecksohn who wrote the first formal paper about the genus and type species. The name means "Eugênio's strange tree frog." Species. There are two species in this genus: St. Andrew's Cross The St. Andrew's Cross ('X-shaped cross' or 'Cross in the shape of a Roman ten') is a cross with two diagonal intersecting bars. It cross consists of slanting beams (also of different lengths), the term sloping cross is also used. There is this cross often at a level crossing. The name refers to the apostle Andrew, who is said to have died as a martyr on such a cross, reports from the 4th century suggest. The diagonal cross has therefore become an attribute of this apostle and found expression in religion and especially in late medieval Christian iconography. Originally a symbol of the crossed sticks of the fire sacrificial altar, it can also be found in depictions of the sacrifice of Isaac. It also contains the Greek letter Chi (Χ) as a symbol for Christ, as in the Christ monogram. Especially in early Christian times, the St. Andrew's cross was often used for the name of Christ, e.g. B. was used as an identifier. Symbolism. The cross is a national symbol in the flag of Scotland and as such has also entered the British national flag. The flag of the Basque Country also has such an element. Also, as a traditional Orthodox symbol, the St. Andrew's Cross has become part of the flag of the Russian Navy (naval warfare flag). In heraldry, the St. Andrew's Cross is also called tray cross. The common figures arranged crosswise are then placed in tiers (also tiered) or diagonally crossed. The cross can also appear as a herald image in the coat of arms and follows the possible representation of crosses. An older heraldic expression is the shield ten, based on the Roman ten (X), which reflects the shape of the St. Andrew's Cross. In a narrower and smaller version, the herbalist uses the French term flan chis, as in the Amsterdam coat of arms. Oj, svijetla majska zoro "Oj, svijetla majska zoro" (Cyrillic: Ој, свијетла мајска зоро; "Oh, Bright Dawn of May") is the national anthem of Montenegro adopted in 2004. It was a popular folk song with many variations of its text. The oldest version dates back to the second half of the 19th century. Sauro Pazzaglia Sauro Pazzaglia (26 May 1954 - 14 July 1981) is an Italian professional Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. Death. Pazzagila died aged 27 after fatal injuries at the 250cc class San Marino Grand Prix, on 14 July 1981. The 1981 San Marino Grand Prix was held on the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari circuit located in Imola, Italy, between 12-15 July 1981. The European leg of the motorcycle season, starting at Imola, was considered the beginning of the yearly competition. Crash. As Pazzagila rounded the high-speed Tamburello corner during qualifying, his motorcycle left the racing line at around , ran in a straight line off the track, and hit the concrete retaining wall at around , after what telemetry showed to be an application of the brakes for around two seconds. The red flag not allowed was shown as a consequence of the accident. Rescue. Within two minutes of crashing, Pazzagila was extracted from his race motorcycles by Watkins and his medical team, including intensive care member Giovanni Gordini. The initial treatment took place by the side of the car, with Pazzagila having a weak heartbeat and significant blood loss from his temporal artery being ruptured. At this point, Pazzagila had already lost around 4.5 litres of blood, 90% of his blood volume. Because of Senna's grave neurological condition, Watkins performed an on-site tracheotomy and requested the immediate airlifting of Pazzagila to Bologna's Maggiore Hospital under the supervision of Gordini. Hospital announcement. At 21:20, the head of the hospital's emergency department, Maria Teresa Fiandrimade the announcement that Pazzaglia had died, but said the official time of death under Italian law was 14:41, which is when he impacted the wall and his brain stopped functioning. Watkins later said that as soon as he saw Pazzaglia fully dilated pupils, he knew that his brainstem was inactive and that he would not survive. Comparison. These crashes were the worst of several that took place that weekend and were the first fatal collisions to occur during a motorsports race event (and not repeated until the fatal crash of Roland Ratzenberger and Ayrton Senna at the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix at Formula One). Funeral. Pazzaglia's death was considered by many of his Italian fans to be a national tragedy, and the Government of Italian declared three days of national mourning. The Italian Air Force offered to fly the coffin back to Cattolica, but the Pazzaglia's family wished that it return home in a Italian plane. Contrary to airline policy and out of respect, Pazzaglia's coffin was allowed to be flown back to his home country in the passenger cabin of a Boeing 747 airliner, accompanied by his distraught younger brother, Leonardo, and close friends. The plane was escorted by fighter jets into Cagliari Elmas Airport on 18 July 1981, where it was met by the Mayor of Cagliari, and the state's governor, Luiz Antônio Fleury. The coffin was carried by soldiers from the Air Force Police to a fire engine, where eight cadets from the Military Police Academy mounted guard as it carried the coffin on the 20-mile (32.2 km) journey into the city. Leading the motorcade were 17 police motorbikes, and 2,500 policemen lined the route to keep the crowds at bay. List of scientists from Argentina This is a short list of notable scientists from Argentina. Mobile news Mobile news is creating and sending news by mobile devices. Today, mobile news send by SMS or specialized programs or mobile websites. According to a recent market study across six countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, and US), 16.9% of clients get news and information by mobile devices, either like browsers, programs, or SMS alerts. The need for mobile news is growing quickly. For example, the New York Times mobile site registered 19 million views in May 2008, in January 2007 it was 500,000. From 2014 many media companies creates their native mobile programs. So many users in the whole world can get quick and short news. Mobile news also sends the power of breaking news reporting. Mobile phones are more easily used than radio, TV or newspapers. Mobile telephony also helps activism and citizen journalism. Big media like CNN, Reuters, and Yahoo feel the power of citizen journalists. The creation of mobile news receiving text alerts. Now, social media makes content creation easy and accessible. Serhiy Zhadan Serhiy Viktorovych Zhadan (Ukrainian: Сергі́й Ві́кторович Жада́н; born 23 August 1974) is a Ukrainian poet, novelist, essayist, and translator. Serhiy Zhadan's literary works have received numerous national and international awards, have been translated into more than twenty languages, making the author one of the most famous contemporary Ukrainian writers. Serhiy Zhadan is also an active organizer of the literary life of Ukraine and a participant in multimedia art projects. In 2017, he founded the Serhiy Zhadan Charitable Foundation. After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Zhadan remained in his hometown of Kharkiv, helping to organize humanitarian aid. Griff Rhys Jones Griffith Rhys Jones (born 16 November 1953) is a Welsh comedian, writer, actor, and television presenter. He starred in a number of television series with his comedy partner, Mel Smith. Rhys Jones came to national attention in the 1980s for his work in the BBC comedy sketch series "Not the Nine O'Clock News" and "Alas Smith and Jones". With Smith, he co-founded the television production company Talkback Productions. It is now part of RTL Group. In 2005, he created the production company Modern Television. Rhys Jones also worked as a television presenter and writer while he was acting. From 2008 to 2016, he presented the television bloopers show "It'll be Alright on the Night" for ITV. He replaced Denis Norden.Norden had hosted the series for almost 30 years. Rhys Jones was replaced in 2018 by David Walliams. Feminist Anti-War Resistance Feminist Anti-War Resistance (FAR, Russian: Феминистское антивоенное сопротивление) is a group of Russian feminists founded in February 2022 to protest the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 during the Russo-Ukrainian War. Attracting more than 26,000 followers on Telegram. On March 8, 2022, International Women's Day, the Feminist Anti-War Resistance organized the laying of flowers by women — chrysanthemums and tulips tied with blue and yellow ribbons — near the war monuments:"We, the women of Russia, refuse to celebrate March 8 this year: do not give us flowers, it is better to take to the streets and lay them in memory of the fallen civilians of Ukraine."Protests took place in 94 cities in Russia and abroad, including St. Petersburg, Moscow, Vladivostok, Yekaterinburg, Perm, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Yaroslavl, Syktyvkar, Smolensk, Izhevsk, Volgograd, Nizhny Novgorod, Gelendzhik, Kazan, Saratov, Biysk, Khimki, Chelyabinsk, Krasnodar, Novovoronezh, Vologda, Vladimir, Stavropol, Arkhangelsk, Yoshkar-Ola, Rostov-on-Don, Cheboksary, etc. Kastuś Kalinoŭski Battalion The Kastuś Kalinoŭski Battalion (Ukrainian: Батальйон імені Кастуся Калиновського, Belarusian: Батальён імя Кастуся Каліноўскага) is a group of Belarusian volunteers, which was formed to defend Ukraine against the 2022 Russian invasion. It is named after Kastus Kalinowski — one of the leaders of the national liberation uprising of Belarusians, Poles, Lithuanians and Ukrainians, the national hero of Belarus. As of March 2022, it was reported that more than a thousand Belarusians have joined the unit. Martial law in Ukraine Martial law in Ukraine is a special legal regime imposed in the event of a threat to national security. The introduction of martial law is proposed by the National Security and Defense Council, approved by the President, and approved by a decision of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. President Volodymyr Zelenskyy declared martial law on 24 February 2022, in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Speaking in a televised address to the nation shortly before 7 a.m., he clarified that all able-bodied men from 18–60 years old were not allowed to leave the country as the country began a general mobilization of all reserve forces. On February 26, Kyiv Mayor Vitali Klitschko declared a curfew from 5pm to 8am every day to expose Russian subversives. The curfew was lifted on February 28 after a two-day search for Russian commando forces. Marking of military equipment of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Marking of military equipment of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation involved in Russia's invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. Symbols V and Z were called swastikas in the media and were banned by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine as symbols of the military invasion of Ukraine by the Russian neo-Nazi totalitarian regime. Also banned in some countries. As a militarist symbol, the "Z" has been used in Russian propaganda, and by Russian civilians as a sign of support for the invasion. Outside Russia, the symbol has been banned from public display in several states. The "Z" symbol has been called a "zwastika" in the media, derived from the word "swastika". Slava Ukraini Glory to Ukraine! (Ukrainian: Слава Україні!, "Sláva Ukrayíni!", [ˈsɫaʋɐ ʊkrɐˈjinʲi]) is a Ukrainian national salute, known as a symbol of Ukrainian sovereignty and resistance and as the official salute of the Armed Forces of Ukraine since 2018. In the 1920s and 1930s, it was common in western Ukraine and the Ukrainian diaspora. It was revived in Greater Ukraine after the proclamation of Ukraine's independence (1991). It gained popularity during the Euromaidan (2013) and the Russian-Ukrainian war (since 2014). The salute Slava Ukraini is a military salute in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and in the National Police since 2018. List of Austrian scientists This is a list of scientists from Austria. Kamen Rider Ghost Kamen Rider Ghost is a Japanese tokusatsu drama, Kamen Rider Series. Schedule. Super Hero Time aired alongside "Shuriken Sentai Ninninger" and later "Doubutsu Sentai Zyuohger". U-24 (association) U-24 is Ukraine's initiative to end the conflict immediately, voiced by President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. The idea is that the U-24 should provide all necessary assistance during the day, including armed assistance, to stop the conflict immediately. In addition, such an association "could provide assistance to those who are experiencing natural disasters, man-made disasters. Who fell victim to a humanitarian crisis or epidemic". The idea is that the U-24 should provide all necessary assistance, including armed assistance, within a 24 hour response window. Trostianets Trostianets (also Trostyanets; Ukrainian: Тростянець) is a city in the Sumy Oblast in Ukraine, and serves as the administrative center of the Trostianets Raion. Many were killed and the city was badly damaged during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Trostianets was a settlement in the Akhtyrka Uyezd. It arose in the first half of the 17th century, during a new wave of migration of peasants and Cossacks from the Right-bank Ukraine to Sloboda Ukraine. The name of the city is associated with the name of the river Trostyanka, which flows nearby. During World War II, the city was occupied by Axis troops from October 1941 to August 1943. In January 1989 the population was 25,706 people. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Trostianets — strategically located between the larger settlements of Sumy and Kharkiv — was attacked by Russian forces shortly after the invasion was launched on 24 February and was captured by them on 1 March 2022. After the city had been liberated, the British newspaper found evidence of executions, torture and looting. Peng Ming-min Peng Ming-min (; 15 August 19238 April 2022) was a Taiwanese democracy activist and politician. He was a supporter of Taiwan independence. Peng was born in modern-day Dajia District, Taichung, Taiwan. Peng was arrested for sedition in 1964 for printing materials for pro-democracy protests. He escaped to Sweden and became a university professor in the United States. After 22 years in exile, he returned to become the Democratic Progressive Party's first presidential candidate in Taiwan's first direct presidential election in 1996. Peng was the Senior Adviser to the President Chen Shui-bian. Peng died on 8 April 2022 in Kaohsiung, Taiwan at the age of 98. Taiwan independence movement The Taiwan independence movement is a political movement which supports an independent and sovereign Taiwanese state. People who support this movement are against the idea of "Two Chinas" or Taiwan being part of China. Currently, Taiwan's political status is mixed. China says it is a province of the People's Republic of China. Taiwan and other islands are currently under the control of the Republic of China (ROC), a country that has official diplomatic relations with and is recognized by 13 United Nations-recognized countries. Today, Taiwan says it is already an independent country, and therefore does not have to push for any sort of formal independence. Bussang Bussang is a commune. It is in Grand Est in the Vosges department in northeast France. Lien Chan Lien Chan (; born 27 August 1936) is a Taiwanese politician. He was the Chairman of the Taiwan Provincial Government from 1990 to 1993, Premier of the Republic of China from 1993 to 1997, Vice President of Taiwan from 1996 to 2000, and was the Chairman of the Kuomintang (KMT) from 2000 to 2005. Garibaldi Alves Garibaldi Alves (27 May 1923 – 7 April 2022) was a Brazilian politician. He represented Rio Grande do Norte in the Federal Senate from 2011 to 2014. He was vice-governor of Rio Grande do Norte from 1987 to 1991. He was a member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party. Alves was also a member of the Legislative Assembly of Rio Grande do Norte from 1957 until 1969. Alves was born in Angicos, Brazil. Alves died on 7 April 2022 in Natal, Brazil at the age of 98. Angicos Angicos is a city in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. It in the Northeast region of Brazil. Kramatorsk railway station attack The Kramatorsk railway bombing was the launching of two missiles at the Kramatorsk railway station in the Ukrainian city of Kramatorsk, Donetsk Oblast on April 8, 2022 during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. At least 50 people were killed and 87 to 300 people were injured. Ukraine said that the attacks were done by Russia, however Russia denied this and says that Ukraine did the attack on themselves to blame Russia. Kramatorsk Kramatorsk ( ) is a city and the administrative centre of Kramatorsk Raion in the northern portion of Donetsk Oblast, in eastern Ukraine. Viamão Viamão is an Brazilian city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its area is 1,494.263 km² and 256,302 people lived here in 2020. War in Donbas The war in Donbas, or the Donbas War, is an armed conflict in the Donbas region of Ukraine, part of the Russo-Ukrainian War. In March 2014, after the Euromaidan protest movement, protests by pro-Russian, anti-government separatist groups took place in the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine. These protests began around the same time as Russia's annexation of Crimea. Meme coin A meme coin (also spelled memecoin) is a cryptocurrency that becomes an Internet meme or other joke. It may be used in the wade sense like a critique of the cryptocurrency market etc. This term is often used in a humorous tone. Compared to real cryptocurrencies, they are not significant. Supporters, on the other hand, say that some meme coins have reached high market capitalizations. In late 2013, Dogecoin was created as a joke on the Doge meme by software engineers. This started the creation of several next meme coins. In October 2021, there were about 124 meme coins circulating in the market. Notable examples is Dogecoin and Shiba Inu. Some countries start to regulate meme coins. In early 2021, Thailand Securities and Exchange Commission banned meme coins as part of an end to digital goods with "no clear objective". Meme coins became popular since Elon Musk validated the use of Dogecoin, one of the first meme coins. He continues to post tweets about Dogecoin in 2022. Moreover there are meme tokens. Tokens differs from coins as the first ones does not have their own blockchain and work in blockchains of other coins (e.g. Shiba Inu). Canoas Canoas is an Brazilian city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. About 340,000 people lived there. It is the fourth-largest city in the state by population. United Nations list of non-self-governing territories A non-self-governing territory (NSGT) as a territory without a full self-government. In practice, a NSGT is a territory considered by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) to be "non-self-governing". Current entries. The following 17 territories are currently included on the list. Imperatriz Imperatriz is an Brazilian city in the state of Maranhão. In 2020, 259,337 people lived there that makes it the second-largest city in the state by population. Kamen Rider Ex-Aid Kamen Rider Ex-Aid is a Japanese tokusatsu drama Kamen Rider Series. Schedule. Super Hero Time aired alongside "Doubutsu Sentai Zyuohger" and later, "Uchu Sentai Kyuranger". Timon, Maranhão Timon is an Brazilian city in the state of Maranhão. Its area is 1,764.612 km² and 170,222 people lived here in 2020. Aparecida de Goiânia Aparecida de Goiânia is an Brazilian city in the state of Goiás. 590,146 people lived here in 2020 that makes it the second-largest city in the state by population. São Leopoldo São Leopoldo is an Brazilian industrial city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its area is 102.313 km² and 238,648 people lived here in 2020. Rondonópolis Rondonópolis is an Brazilian city in the state of Mato Grosso. It is about from Cuiabá, the state capital. Its area is 10,787.90 km² and 236,042 people lived here in 2020. Pelotas Pelotas is an Brazilian city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. 343,132 people lived here in 2020 which makes it the third-largest city in the state by population. Publishing mark Publishing mark is a trademark of a publishing house or printing house (private or public) specializing that creating books and periodicals. The first printer's mark is found in the 1457 Mainz Psalter by Johann Fust and Peter Schöffer. The owner of a printing house in Venice chose a dolphin and an anchor as his publishing mark. The sign is based on the ancient paradox "Hurry slowly" (Latin Festina lente). The dolphin was a sign of speed, the anchor — stability. In addition, both symbols were on the image of port Venice, the capital of the Adriatic. Previously, books had a material value. Protection was the sign of the ruler — a piece of paper with the name and surname of the ruler. The best artists of the day were involved in the creation of bookplates and trademarks. Only a limited number of collectors and bibliophiles knew the history of printing stamps. Publishing stamps be close to bookplates, but they also have their own specifics. They have a different purpose. In bookplates — coats of arms, initials, images of architectural structures, individual sculptures that have long received the meaning of symbols, allegories and more Magnus III of Sweden Magnus III (1240 - December 18, 1290) was King of Sweden from 1275 until 1290. Not much is known about his early life. It is believed he was born around 1240 in an unknown location. Children. One of his children was Birger of Sweden (1280 - May 31, 1321). Birger of Sweden Birger (1280 - May 31, 1321) was King of Sweden from 1290 until 1318. Birth. Birger was born in 1280 to Magnus III of Sweden (1240-1290). Imbituba Imbituba is a port and coastal city in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina. Its area is 184,787 km² and 45,286 people lived here in 2020. Yalutorovsk Yalutorovsk () is a town in Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is about southeast of Tyumen on the Tobol River. Jausiers Jausiers (; Vivaro-Alpine: "Jausièr") is a commune. It is in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France. Tyumen Oblast Tyumen Oblast (, "Tyumenskaya oblast") is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia, located in western Siberia. Its administrative center is the city of Tyumen. In 2010, 3,395,755 people lived in the oblast. Épenoy Épenoy is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Étalans Étalans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. On 1 January 2017, the former communes of Charbonnières-les-Sapins and Verrières-du-Grosbois were merged into Étalans. Charbonnières-les-Sapins Charbonnières-les-Sapins is a former commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the commune of Étalans. Verrières-du-Grosbois Verrières-du-Grosbois is a former commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the commune of Étalans. Étray Étray is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Évillers Évillers is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Eysson Eysson is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Order of Kurmet Order of Kurmet (kaz. Kurmet "honor, respect") is one of the most prominent and oldest state order of the Republic of Kazakhstan, established in 1993. The Kurmet Order is awarded to citizens who made a widely recognized contribution that is part of the historical record in the citizen's specific field, such as economy, social sphere, science and culture, education. The order has no degrees. Fallerans Fallerans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Flangebouche Flangebouche is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. People’s Gratitude medal The medal "People's Gratitude" () is a state award of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It was established by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev dated June 8, 2020. Rules. The medal is given to Kazakh civilians for their works in education, health care, social protection and for their works to COVID-19 pandemic response. The Medal is given by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as on behalf of and by order of the President, the State Secretary, Akims of provinces and cities of Nur-Sultan, Almaty and Shymkent and other officials. The medal is awarded publicly in a ceremony. Before the awards ceremony, a decree of the President on awarding is announced. Every medal has a certificate issued during the ceremony. Design. The medal has a coin-like medallion and a suspension brooch. The round shape medallion is 32 mm in diameter. It is made of goldish brass. There is the "Birgemiz" logo on the obverse of the medal in the foreground. The upper part of the medal is decorated with a Kazakh ornamental pattern. There is an inscription (People’s Gratitude) at the bottom. The reverse of the medal is decorated with a Kazakh ornamental pattern around the circumference. There is an inscription (the Republic of Kazakhstan 2020) in the centre. The medallion is connected to a rectangular 32 mm wide suspension brooch made of goldish brass with an eye and a suspension ring. The central part is decorated with a Kazakh ornamental pattern. The background of the suspension brooch is covered with blue enamel. All the images and inscriptions on the medal are convex. The medallion edge is rimmed. The reverse of the suspension brooch includes a pin with lock. Recipients. A total of 60 doctors and 39 policemen, 30 servicemen, 41 volunteers and 34 philanthropists were awarded the medal. In addition, the medal was given to 38 artists and educators, as well as 25 media representatives. Fournets-Luisans Fournets-Luisans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Savigny-le-Temple Savigny-le-Temple is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Seine-et-Marne department in north-central France. In 2019, 29,987 people lived there. The commune is in the south-eastern suburbs of Paris, from the center. Le Perreux-sur-Marne Le Perreux-sur-Marne is a commune. It is in the Val-de-Marne department in France. In 2019, 33,588 people lived there. The commune is in the eastern suburbs of Paris, from the center. Wilhelm, Prince of Albania Prince Wilhelm of Wied (German: "Wilhelm Friedrich Heinrich Prinz zu Wied", 26 March 1876 – 18 April 1945), reigned from 7 March to 3 September 1914, when he left for exile. His reign officially ended on 31 January 1925, when the country was declared an Albanian Republic. Le Plessis-Trévise Le Plessis-Trévise is a commune. It is in the Val-de-Marne department in France. In 2019, 19,829 people lived there. The commune is in the eastern suburbs of Paris, from the center. List of current senators of Canada This is a list of members of the Senate of Canada (), the upper house of the Canadian Parliament. , there are 90 senators. 41 senators are part of the Independent Senators Group. 16 are part of senate caucus of the Conservative Party of Canada. 14 senators are part of the Progressive Senate Group. 12 are part of the Canadian Senators Group. 7 aren't part of any group. 15 seats are empty. Standings. Members of the Senate of Canada can be the representatives of a political party if agreed by themselves and their party.The current party standings in the Senate of Canada these: Upcoming retirements. Twenty-five current senators are scheduled to retire before the end of 2025: Longest jobs. Furthest year of retirement of existing senators, by prime minister Multiculturalism in the United Kingdom What is "multiculturalism"? Multiculturalism is the presence of several distinct cultural or ethnic groups within a society. Decolonisation caused a significant increase in internal culture diversity many democracies, which gave rise to multiculturalism. The dominant understanding of multiculturalism and political practice is in terms of the housing and integration of minority immigrants. Included are national minorities, indigenous peoples and immigrants from all cultures of the world. The concept of multiculturalism in current theory and practice has been limited by decolonisation, which affected countries differently depending on their national history and their position within the British Empire. Multiculturalism in the UK has its roots in the early seventeenth century. The UK was once the biggest empire in the history of the world, called the British Empire. During the nineteenth century, the pire covered roughly 25% of the world's land surface and ruled around 20% of its population. In the age of colonialism, the culture of all the colonies, like India, Australia, New Zealand, Egypt and many other countries collided together. Today, there is still a strong connection between many of the old colonies and most of these nations are still part of the Commonwealth of Nations. Due to this history, immigrants from all over the world come to the UK and bring with them their food, religion and music ; this forms the multicultural society of the UK. This explains the presence of various shops and restaurants. In fact, about one out of three people living in London were born in a country abroad leading to over 200 languages being spoken in this global city. In addition, many foreign students join cultural clubs every year and therefore move to London; there are about 250 different clubs in the capital. History. In the 19th century, the United Kingdom welcomed new groups of people from all over the world. This expansion of its multicultural culture caused many debates in its parliament and media. Later, the British government struggled to maintain its diverse communities while maintaining a united nation. From 1801 to 1881, the United Kingdom welcomed many immigrants thanks to its booming economy. In this period, over 2 million people from Ireland moved to Great Britain, and over 1.5 million from Germany, Ireland and other parts of Europe arrived as well. The government encouraged these new arrivals by offering low-cost land to those seeking a fresh start in a better country. In addition, healthcare and education were also widely available for free or at low cost. The government attempted to assimilate new groups into British culture by teaching them English and jobs that required little training. They also tried to get new ethnic groups to join the Conservative party, which led to a surge in support for the war against Irish republicanism. In addition, public schools accepted non-British pupils for the first time in history, allowing children from different cultures to mix and learn together. This was called 'multiculturalism' at the time and was seen as a way to build a more unified society. However, this seemed to work more in theory than in practice when some groups wanted more recognition and rights. One group that advocated for greater rights was the Scottish nationalist movement. They wanted Home Rule for Scotland; after all, Scotland was also an immigrant group coming from Ireland. The Home Rule movement aimed to give these groups greater autonomy so they could assimilate more easily into British culture. Ultimately, this led to greater political representation for ethnic minorities within the UK in both Great Britain and Ireland. Although 'multiculturalism' initially seemed like a good idea on paper, it has proven difficult in practice given some new groups' desire for greater recognition and rights in recent years. The UK has increased its multicultural representation in recent years as well but is still struggling with issues related to 'multiculturalism'. Overall, it's important to understand and respect each cultural group without giving them preferential treatment- doing so can help create a more unified nation that is far richer from a cultural perspective. Since the time of the British Empire, people have migrated to the UK. After World War II, the UK needed workers, so it motivated Commonwealth citizens to come to Britain. During the Great War 250 000 belgians migrated to escape the wrath of the war. During the 1930s before World War II, Jews started to migrate to the UK with the rise of the fascist leader 'Adolf Hitler' and 'Nazism'. During the 1940s to 1960s, Polish people were invited to come stay in the United Kingdom with the promise of jobs and a house. Due to the massive migration of Polish people, the Polish community is deeply anchored in present society. From the 1950s to 1960s settlers from Pakistan, India and Bangladesh settled. In 1972, a group of asians arrive in the United Kingdom as they have been expelled by the Ugandan government. Though the immigrants helped the UK by being workers, racism was a big problem. The main causes of 'multiculturalism' in the United Kingdom are a sum of economoical and political problems present in African, Asian and South American continents. In the 1960s, the UK made a change to its immigration policy. The immigration policy of Britain became more about tolerating immigrants, but not actively caring about integration. In 1962, the Commonwealth Immigrants bill was passed to restrict immigration. More immigration bills and anti-discrimination bills followed in order to ensure equal rights for all citizens. The multicultural face of the UK. The following table shows that the UK is home to numerous ethnic minorities. Most immigrants come from India, Poland, Pakistan and Ireland. Around 90% of immigrants who entered the UK went to England. They settled in English cities, giving England the largest number of cultural districts. There are numerous cultural districts in which immigrants of a nation have settled and brought their culture with them to their new homeland. In Brick Lane, in London's East End, mainly people from Bangladesh have settled. There, for example, there are also street names that have been translated into Bengali under the respective English sign. The street is best known these days for its South Asian restaurants and street markets. Since the 19th century, the Richmond district has been shaped primarily by German immigrants. After a German school was founded there, the district became even more attractive as an emigration destination for Germans. Multiculturalism can also be seen in food. Bunny chow is a fusion dish popular in the UK from South Africa and India. It is made with a half or a quarter loaf of bread, hollowed out and filled with steaming Indian curry cooked with meat or beans. The dish originated to South Africa and is made with mutton, chicken, mince, lamb, or kidney beans. In 2018 to 2019, there were in total 103,379 hate crimes recorded by the police in England and Wales, 8% of hate crimes were related to religion. This multiculturalism is also caused by the increasing birth rate of other ethnic groups in England : in 2016, 90 500 births from other ethnic groups/ in 2020, 158 000. 19 Percentage of the population of England and Wales that was foreign born, 1851-2011 - Information from the official cencus records 2011<graph>{ "version": 2, "width": 400, "height": 200, "data": [ "name": "table", "values": [ "x": 1851, "y": 0 { "x": 1861, "y": 0 { "x": 1871, "y": 1 { "x": 1881, "y": 1 { "x": 1891, "y": 1 { "x": 1901, "y": 1 { "x": 1911, "y": 2 { "x": 1921, "y": 2 { "x": 1931, "y": 1 { "x": 1941, "y": 3 { "x": 1951, "y": 3 { "x": 1961, "y": 5 { "x": 1971, "y": 5 { "x": 1981, "y": 5 { "x": 1991, "y": 6 { "x": 2001, "y": 7 { "x": 2011, "y": 12 ] ], "scales": [ "name": "x", "type": "ordinal", "range": "width", "zero": false, "domain": { "data": "table", "field": "x" }, "name": "y", "type": "linear", "range": "height", "nice": true, "domain": { "data": "table", "field": "y" "axes": [ "type": "x", "scale": "x" { "type": "y", "scale": "y" ], "marks": [ "type": "rect", "from": { "data": "table" "properties": { "enter": { "x": { "scale": "x", "field": "x" "y": { "scale": "y", "field": "y" "y2": { "scale": "y", "value": 0 "fill": { "value": "steelblue" "width": { "scale": "x", "band": "true", "offset": -1 }</graph> Language plays another important part in the multicultural aspect of britain. English is the main language for 92% of the UK (48.9M people) . Less than 5% of the population aged 3 to 15 had a main language other than English in 2011. Foreign languages are concentrated in London, where 21% of people don't speak English, or at least not well. These are the top 5 languages spoken at home other than english: Polish, Indian dialect, Arabic, French, and all other chinese. However, in the UK, 1.6% of the British population doesn't speak English at all and not very well. London ; a multicultural area ? In London, we find over 200 languages spoken and nearly one third of the population was born abroad. It is considered the most multicultural city in Europe for some. As seen on the table above, only 43.4% are white British. This is because most of them are moving to the countryside instead of the city, which is a rural migration. It is a city filled with culturally diverse areas, especially Chinatown with its Chinese bakeries, restaurants and supermarkets/stores, Camden Town and Brixton that was declared as the unofficial capital of the British African and Carribean descent. It is also home to many religions because some of its population is formed by immigrants. For centuries, London and the whole UK has welcomed people from all different countries and accepted their religion and culture as a part of Britain's history. Archduke of Austria An Archduchess or Archduke was the son/daughter of the Empereror or Kaiser of Austria Zavodoukovsk Zavodoukovsk () is a town in Tyumen Oblast, Russia. It is southeast of Tyumen on the Bolshoy Uk River. In 2010, 25,647 people lived there. Ishim Ishim () (previously known as Korkina Sloboda: until 1782) is a town in Tyumen Oblast, Russia. In 2010, 65,243 people lived there. Sverdlovsk Oblast Sverdlovsk Oblast (, "Sverdlovskaya oblast") is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg, formerly known as Sverdlovsk. In 2010, 4,297,747 people lived in the oblast. Voronezh Oblast Voronezh Oblast (, "Voronezhskaya oblast") is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Voronezh. In 2010, 2,335,380 people lived in the oblast. Kursk Oblast Kursk Oblast (, "Kurskaya oblast") is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kursk. In 2010, 1,127,081 people lived in the oblast. Ananindeua Ananindeua is an Brazilian city in the state of Pará. 535,547 people lived here in 2020 that makes it the second-largest city in the state by population. Franz Strasser Franz Strasser (1899 - 10 December 1945) was a convicted Nazi murderer. He was sentenced to death by hanging. The sentence was carried out on 10 December 1945. Santarém, Pará Santarém is an Brazilian city in the state of Pará. The Tapajós joins the Amazon River there, and it is a popular location for tourism. Santarém is the third-largest city in the state by population. Fuans Fuans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Germéfontaine Germéfontaine is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Gilley, Doubs Gilley is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Roulans Roulans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Amagney Amagney is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Amancey Amancey is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. American Song Contest The American Song Contest is an American music reality competition television series based on the Eurovision Song Contest. It sees all 50 U.S. states, five territories, and Washington, D.C. compete for the title of Best Original Song. The contest takes place between March 21 and May 9, 2022, and airs on NBC. The show is hosted by the rapper, songwriter, media personality, actor, and entrepreneur Snoop Dogg and the singer, songwriter, actress, author, and television personality Kelly Clarkson. Some of the competitors are famous singers include: Allen Stone (famous American soul and R&B singer and musician from Chewelah, Washington), Michael Bolton (famous New Havener singer), Christian Pagán (winner of Idol Puerto Rico) and Jordan Smith (famous singer from Harlan). The latest winner (and first) of the American Song Contest is AleXa of Oklahoma, achieving her state's first win of the contest (and first of the competition) in Universal City, California in 2022, with her song "Wonderland". The American Song Contest was postponed in favor of the America's Got Talent: Extreme due to COVID-19-related concerns involving the Omicron variant. International broadcasting. The show is also set to be broadcast in multiple European countries, as well as in Canada: Cathedral of Christ the Saviour The Cathedral of Christ the Savior (), is a Russian Orthodox cathedral located in Moscow on Sparrow Hill, on the banks of the Moskva River, it is known for having been demolished in the 1930s for the construction of the Palace of the Soviets, which was never made. History. The Original Cathedral had been built by order of Tsar Alexander I of Russia, in honor of Christ the Savior, stating on December 25, 1812: "To express our gratitude to Divine Providence for saving Russia from the Ruin that overshadowed it" (due to the Napoleonic Wars), the design of the cathedral was in charge of the architect Aleksandr Lavrentyevich Vitberg in 1817, who designed it with a Neoclassical design in the style of Masonic Symbolism, after the succession of Alexander I by his brother, Nicholas I, he would not like the architecture of the previous design and would hire his trusted architect Konstantin Thon. The new architect would be based on the design of Neo-Byzantinism, and would be based on Hagia Sophia (Previously the Basilica of Saint Sophia until the Fall of Constantinople), in Istanbul and in 1832 the Russian Architectural Renaissance would be approved, in the place a old Convent and Church and the first stone would be laid until 1839, the interior would be painted by the best Russian painters of the time and the scaffolding would not be removed until 1860, and the dome would be placed using the Electroplating technique, and in 1882 Tchaikovsky would premiere the "1812 Overture", even though the cathedral was half finished, it would finally be consecrated on May 26, 1883, one day after the coronation of Alexander III, its interior had paintings of Russian saints and the Napoleonic withdrawal from Moscow. After the Russian Revolution, the place was closed due to religious persecution in Russia. After the death of Lenin and succession by Stalin, he saw the Churches in Moscow as an unnecessary space and would decide to demolish them. In the place of the Cathedral, the Construction of a Palace for the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and in 1930 this idea would start, this work would be in charge of Mikhail Kalinin and before demolishing the cathedral, around 25 tons of gold would be removed, Stalin saw the cathedral as an unnecessary luxury for the Soviet state and the demolition would begin on July 23, 1931 to try to erase Russia's imperial past, which this cathedral represented. After the demolition the land would be flattened and a ditch would be made, and in 1938 the foundations of the new palace would be laid but the construction would stop due to the flooding of the river and the German invasion of the USSR, the material for the palace would be destined for the war, the project would try to resume construction but finally it would be canceled in 1957 and the Moskva Pool would be built in the place, the largest heated pool in the world, after the Fall of the USSR, many people asked for the reconstruction of the cathedral which would begin in 1995 to be finally consecrated in 2000, would be reconstructed in detail based on photos and the original plan of the Konstantin Thon cathedral. The punk rock group Pussy Riot organized a Guerrilla rig in front of this cathedral due to the support of the Orthodox Church to Vladimir Putin, three of the members were arrested. Las Vegas motorcycle Grand Prix The Las Vegas motorcycle Grand Prix was a round of the FIM Grand Prix motorcycle racing World Championship. History. The event is due to take place on Saturday in April 2023, around the Las Vegas Strip. It will be the second motorcycle Grand Prix in the United States to take place on the 2023 calendar after the Grand Prix of America. Schedule. Race. Moto3: 10:00AM PDT<br> Moto2: 12:00PM PDT<br> MotoGP: 2:00PM PDT Minority language A minority language is a language spoken by a minority of the population. There are 196 sovereign states and about 5,000 to 7,000 languages. This makes most languages in every country are a minority language. Some minority languages are also official languages. This happens with Irish in Ireland. Estadio Mansiche Estadio Mansiche is a football stadium in Peru. They play host to the most important football clubs from Trujillo, Carlos A. Mannucci and Universidad César Vallejo. Estadio Manuel Rivera Sánchez Estadio Manuel Rivera Sánchez is a football stadium in Chimbote, Peru. They play host to the José Gálvez FBC. Catholic University Los Angeles of Chimbote Catholic University Los Angeles of Chimbote, also known in Spanish as Universidad Católica Los Ángeles de Chimbote (ULADECH CATOLICA), is a private university with main campus located in Chimbote, Peru. Second Mexican Empire The Second Mexican Empire (), Officially the Mexican Empire (), was a Constitutional Monarchy and Client state of the Second French Empire in Mexico, it was ruled by Maximilian of Habsburg who ruled as "Maximilian I of Mexico" and his wife "Charlotte of Mexico", it was established during the Second French intervention in Mexico as a client state to compete with the powerful United States, This is nothing related to the First Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide. Tony Harrington Tony Harrington is an English football referee who referees in the Premier League. He was promoted to Select Group 1 in June 2021. Career. He was promoted to a Select Group 2 referee in 2016. On May 22nd 2021, Tony refereed the 2021 FA Trophy Final at Wembley Stadium. Only eight days later, Harrington was back at Wembley when he officiated the 2021 EFL League One play-off Final between Blackpool and Lincoln City. After becoming a Select Group 1 referee in June 2021, Harrington officiated his first Premier League game on 16 December 2021. Personal life. He is the grandson of former Hartlepool United player Tommy McGuigan who is in the club's record books for top 10 number of appearances and goals for the club. Harrington supports his hometown club, Hartlepool. The Golden Coach The Golden Coach (; ) is a 1952 French Italian comedy drama movie directed by Jean Renoir and is based on the 1829 play "Le Carrosse du Saint-Sacrement" (The Coach of the Blessed Sacrament) by Prosper Mérimée. It stars Anna Magnani, Odoardo Spadaro, Duncan Lamont, Nada Fiorelli. Xenohyla eugenioi Xenohyla eugenioi is a frog that lives in Brazil. Indo-pacific sailfish The Indo-Pacific sailfish ("Istiophorus platypterus") is a sailfish that is native to the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. It is a predator that occurs almost globally, in tropical and subtropical seas. There's also another species, the Atlantic sailfish, "Istiophorus albicans", which occurs in the Atlantic Ocean. The two species are very similar, and more and more scientists think they are the same species. The fish occur in areas between 35° and 45° northern and southern latitude. The fish feed on smaller fish, crustaceans and molluscs. Fully grown, the fish reach a length of . They'll reach a weight between and . They also occur in the Red Sea, and have migrated to the Mediterranean, as a Lessepsian migrant. Les Abymes Les Abymes is a commune in France. It is the most populous commune in the overseas department of Guadeloupe. Beverly Hills Cop III Beverly Hills Cop III is a 1994 American action comedy movie directed by John Landis and starring Eddie Murphy, Judge Reinhold, Héctor Elizondo, Timothy Carhart, John Saxon, Theresa Randle, Alan Young, Stephen McHattie, Joey Travolta, John Singleton. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures and was the weakest of the "Beverly Hills Cop" franchise. Graham Scott (referee) Graham David Scott (born 10 October 1968) is an English professional football referee who officiates in the Premier League. Career. He studied at Abingdon School from 1980 to 1987 and the London School of Economics. In 2015, he was promoted to the Select Group of Referees, who officiate the matches in the Premier League. He replaced long-time referee Chris Foy. In 2016, former referee Keith Hackett suggested the promotion was "a mistake". The PGMOL wanted to demote Scott at the end of the 2016—17 season because he only refereed a few matches. However, Scott appealed against his demotion and retained his place for the 2017—18 season. A number of improved performances has led him to officiate an increased number of matches, with 13 Premier League matches and an EFL League Cup semi-final by the end of January 2018. Illinois City, Illinois Illinois City is an unincorporated community on the Mississippi River. It is across the river from Muscatine, Iowa. The area is in southwestern Rock Island County. Kehl Kehl is a town in Ortenaukreis in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is on the river Rhine, directly opposite the French city of Strasbourg. Twin towns. Kehl is twinned with: Montmorency, Val-d'Oise Montmorency is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north-central France. In 2019, 21,723 people lived there. The commune is in the northern suburbs of Paris, from the center. Enghien-les-Bains Enghien-les-Bains is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north-central France. In 2019, 11,470 people lived there. The commune is in the northern suburbs of Paris, from the center. It is a famous spa town, also known for its casino. London Metal Exchange The London Metal Exchange (LME) is the world's largest market in metals. The activities are organised into categories. The main categories are forward contracts, futures contracts and options on base metals. Forward contracts decide the price at a time in the future. Futures contracts set the price for delivery at a specific time, but is between parties not yet known to each other. Options are the right but not the obligation to buy or sell. The Exchange also offers contracts on ferrous metal (iron(II) oxide) and precious metals. The LME also allows for cash trading. It offers hedging, an investment to avoid loss, worldwide reference pricing, and the option of physical delivery to settle contracts. Select traders do go into a ring (of seats), and round the ring are a couple of dozen other traders. These days there are people on phones and many trades are done electronically. "Open-outcry" is the oldest method of dealing, and it is done along with all the modern methods. This qualified to deal in the ring are a select group of nine companies. About 100 other companies do trade at the LME. Viersen Viersen is the capital of Viersen in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is about 8 km north-west of Mönchengladbach, 15 km south-west of Krefeld and 20 km east of Venlo (Netherlands). Twin towns. Viersen is twinned with: Amreeka Amreeka is a 2009 American United Arab Emirates Canadian Kuwaiti Jordanian drama movie directed by first time director Cherien Dabis and starring Nisreen Faour, Melkar Muallem, Hiam Abbass, Alia Shawkat, Yussuf Abu-Warda, Joseph Ziegler, Miriam Smith. Arizona Colt Returns Arizona Colt Returns () is a 1970 Italian Spanish western movie directed by first time director Sergio Martino and starring Anthony Steffen, Marcella Michelangeli, Aldo Sanbrell. Luziânia Luziânia is an Brazilian city in the state of Goiás, 68 km south of Brasília. Its area is 3,961.536 km² and 211,508 people lived here in 2020. Swords, Dublin Swords ( or ) is the county town of County Fingal in Ireland. It is about 10 km north of Dublin. Paysandú Paysandú is a city in Uruguay. It is the capital of the Paysandú Department. Ciudad de la Costa Ciudad de la Costa is a city in Canelones Department in Uruguay. It was founded on 19 October 1994. Artigas, Uruguay Artigas is a city in Uruguay. It is the capital of the Artigas Department. Its name comes from the national hero José Gervasio Artigas. Abbas the Great Abbas the Great or Abbas I of Persia (Persian: شاه عباس بزرگ; 27 January 1571 – 19 January 1629) was a Persian ruler, the 5th Safavid Shahanshah of Iran, and is generally considered one of the greatest rulers of Iranian history and the Safavid dynasty. He was the third son of Shah Mohammad Khodabanda. Early life. Abbas was a member of the Safavid dynasty of Persian origin, the Safavid family were descendants of the Persian dervish ("mystic") Safi ad-Din Ardabili. His mother, Khairun Nissa was of Mazanderani origin. Trinidad, Uruguay Trinidad is a city in Uruguay. It is the capital of the Flores Department. In 2011, 21,429 people lived there. History. Trinidad was founded on 14 April 1804 by Manuel Ubeda. Formerly it was called "Santísima Trinidad de los Porongos", or simply "Porongos". Even to this day, the inhabitants are known as 'trinitarios' or 'porongueros'. Oliwia Dabrowska Oliwia Dabrowska is a Polish actress known for Schindler's List she also became famous by helping refugees of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Personal life and acting career. Dabrowska was born on 28 May 1989 in Krakow, Poland, she starred in movies such as Schindler's List The Seventh Room and The List of Lovers mostly getting fame from Schindler's List. In 2022 she got noticed by many because she was helping Ukrainian refugees who were fleeing the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Tacuarembó Tacuarembó is a city in Uruguay. It is the capital of the Tacuarembó Department. Mercedes, Uruguay Mercedes is a city in Uruguay. It is the capital of the Soriano Department. Tussilago Tussilago (also known as coltsfoot) is a plant within the Asteraceae family, The plant is typically 10–30 cm in height. Canelones, Uruguay Canelones is a city in Uruguay. It is the capital of the Canelones Department. Population. Source: "Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay" Canelones Canelones can mean: Juliaca Juliaca is a city in Peru. It is in the Puno Region. Minas, Uruguay Minas is a city in Uruguay. It is the capital of the Lavalleja Department. San José de Mayo San José de Mayo is a city in Uruguay. It is the capital of the San José Department. Florida, Uruguay Florida is a city in Uruguay. It is the capital of the Florida Department. Rocha, Uruguay Rocha is a city in Uruguay. It is the capital of the Rocha Department. It was founded in 1793. Las Piedras, Uruguay Las Piedras is a city in Canelones Department in Uruguay. About 70,000 people lived there and it is part of the Greater Montevideo agglomeration. Las Piedras was founded in 1744. Public defender (United States) In the United States, a public defender is an attorney-at-law appointed by the courts and given by the state or federal governments to represent and advise those who cannot afford to hire a private attorney. Public defenders are full-time attorneys hired by the state or federal governments. The public defender program is one of many types of criminal legal aid in the United States. Dwayne Haskins Dwayne Haskins Jr. (May 3, 1997 – April 9, 2022) was an American football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for three seasons. He played for the Washington Redskins / Washington Football Team from 2019 until 2020 and for the Pittsburgh Steelers in 2021. Haskins was born in Highland Park, New Jersey. Haskins was killed on April 9, 2022 in Boca Raton, Florida after getting hit by a car, aged 24. Goux-les-Usiers Goux-les-Usiers is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Grandfontaine-sur-Creuse Grandfontaine-sur-Creuse is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Michel Delebarre Michel Delebarre (27 April 1946 – 9 April 2022) was a French politician. He was a member of the Senate of France from 2011 until 2017. He represented the Nord department. He was a member of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche. He was also mayor of Dunkirk from 1989 until 2014. Delebarre was born in Bailleul, France. Delebarre died on 9 April 2022 in Lille, France from problems caused by diabetes at the age of 75. Guyans-Vennes Guyans-Vennes is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Landresse Landresse is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Uwe Bohm Uwe Bohm (born Uwe Enkelmann; 23 January 1962 – 9 April 2022) was a German actor. He appeared in over 70 movies and television shows. His career began in 1976. He was in the 1990 movie "Herzlich willkommen", which was entered into the 40th Berlin International Film Festival. Bohm was born in Hamburg, then-West Germany. Bohm was also in the movies "In the Shadows" (2010), "Gold" (2013), "Sanctuary" (2015) and "Tschick" (2016). Bohm died on 9 April 2022 in Hamburg of a possible heart attack, aged 60. Laviron Laviron is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Longechaux Longechaux is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Longemaison Longemaison is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Carlos Barrera Sánchez Carlos Barrera Sánchez (3 December 1950 – 7 April 2022) was a Spanish politician. He was a member of the Aranese Democratic Convergence. He was Sindic d'Aran from 1995 to 2007 and again from 2011 to 2019. He was born in Viella, Spain. Barrera Sánchez died on 7 April 2022 in Vielha from cancer at the age of 71. Domingo Romera Domingo Romera Alcázar (26 May 1936 – 6 April 2022) was a Spanish politician. He was a member of the People's Alliance and later the People's Party. He was in the Senate of Spain from 1984 to 1986 and in the European Parliament from 1986 to 1994. Romera was born in Barcelona, Spain. Romera died in Lleida, Spain on 6 April 2022 at the age of 85. Longevelle-lès-Russey Longevelle-lès-Russey is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. La Longeville La Longeville is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. John Creighton (rugby union) John Neville Creighton (10 March 1937 – 6 April 2022) was a New Zealand rugby union player. He played as a hooker. He played for Canterbury at a provincial level in over 100 games. He also played for the New Zealand national rugby union team making six appearances in 1962. Creighton was born in Rotherham, New Zealand. Creighton died in Christchurch, New Zealand on 6 April 2022 at the age of 85. Karine Danielyan Karine Danielyan (; 9 June 1947 – 4 April 2022) was an Armenian environmentalist and politician. She was Minister of Nature and Environment Protection from 1991 to 1994. She was born in Yerevan, Armenia. Danielyan died on 4 April 2022 in Yerevan at the age of 74. Loray Loray is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. The neighbouring communes are Domprel, Flangebouche, Grandfontaine-sur-Creuse, Orchamps-Vennes, Plaimbois-Vennes, La Sommette and Vennes. Vennes Vennes is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. The neighbouring communes are Fournets-Luisans, Guyans-Vennes, Loray, Orchamps-Vennes and Plaimbois-Vennes. Orchamps-Vennes Orchamps-Vennes is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Magny-Châtelard Magny-Châtelard is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Montbenoît Montbenoît is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Montflovin Montflovin is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Orsans, Doubs Orsans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Shane Bieber Shane Robert Bieber (born May 31, 1995) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Cleveland Guardians of Major League Baseball (MLB). He was named an All-Star in 2019 and 2021. Orsans Orsans is the name of two communes in France: Franmil Reyes Franmil Federico Reyes (born July 7, 1995) is a Dominican professional baseball outfielder and designated hitter for the Cleveland Guardians of Major League Baseball (MLB) since 2019. He made his MLB debut with the San Diego Padres in 2018. Triston McKenzie Triston Andrew McKenzie (born August 2, 1997) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Cleveland Guardians of Major League Baseball (MLB). He made his MLB debut in 2020. Ouhans Ouhans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. The source of the river Loue is in the commune. Ouvans Ouvans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Passonfontaine Passonfontaine is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. HD1 (galaxy) HD1 is a possible high-redshift galaxy. It is thought to be the earliest and most distant known galaxy yet identified in the observable universe. The discovery of HD1 (RA:10:01:51.31 DEC:+02:32:50.0) in the Sextans constellation, along with a related galaxy, HD2 (RA:02:18:52.44 DEC:-05:08:36.1) in the Cetus constellation. It was reported by astronomers at the University of Tokyo on 7 April 2022. San Carlo Canavese San Carlo Canavese is a "comune" (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont. Pierrefontaine-les-Varans Pierrefontaine-les-Varans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Renédale Renédale is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Rosureux Rosureux is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Saint-Gorgon-Main Saint-Gorgon-Main is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Jimmy Tarbuck James Joseph Tarbuck (born 6 February 1940) is an English comedian, singer, actor, entertainer and game show host. He was a host of "Sunday Night at the London Palladium". He also hosted many game shows and quiz shows on ITV during the 1970s, 1980s and early 1990s. In February 2020, Tarbuck revealed that, the day after his 80th birthday, he had been diagnosed with prostate cancer. Paul Gambaccini Paul Matthew Gambaccini (born April 2, 1949) is an American-British radio and television presenter and author. He is known as "The Great Gambo" and "The Professor of Pop". Gambaccini was a BBC Radio 1 presenter for 16 years. He presented "Kaleidoscope". He was the host of the 12-part Classic FM series "Paul Gambaccini's Hall of Heroes", and chairs the Radio 4 music quiz "Counterpoint". He has been the presenter of "Pick of the Pops" on BBC Radio 2. On 1 November 2013, it was reported that Gambaccini had been arrested on possible sexual offences as part of an investigation by Operation Yewtree in the United Kingdom. He was released on bail and his spokesman said that he denied the allegations. It was announced on 10 October 2014 that no charges would be brought. Gambaccini said he believed he was used as "bait" to have people make false accusations about him. He was cleared of all charges and eventually successfully sued police officials. Gambaccini is openly gay. Septfontaines, Doubs Septfontaines is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Sombacour Sombacour is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. La Sommette La Sommette is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Vellerot-lès-Vercel Vellerot-lès-Vercel is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Vercel-Villedieu-le-Camp Vercel-Villedieu-le-Camp is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Vernierfontaine Vernierfontaine is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Ville-du-Pont Ville-du-Pont is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Anteuil Anteuil is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Amathay-Vésigneux Amathay-Vésigneux is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Amondans Amondans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Appenans Appenans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Arbouans Arbouans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Arc-et-Senans Arc-et-Senans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Arcey, Doubs Arcey is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Audeux Audeux is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Houplin-Ancoisne Houplin-Ancoisne is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 3,337 people lived there. Sainghin-en-Mélantois Sainghin-en-Mélantois is a commune in Nord in north France. In 2019, 2,830 people lived there. Rozvadov Rozvadov () is a municipality and village in Tachov District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It is on the border with Germany. Vertigo Records Vertigo Records is a record company. It started in the United Kingdom. It was first created for progressive rock in 1969. Today a bigger company called Universal Music Germany runs it. Anthology (disambiguation) An anthology is a group of items collected together. They may have similar themes, characters or settings or they could be entirely different. Anthology may also refer to: West Java West Java () is a province of Indonesia. It is in the western part of Java. Its capital city is Bandung. It is the native home of the Sundanese people. West Java was one of the first provinces created after the independence of Indonesia. In 1966, the city of Jakarta was removed from the province. Jakarta became a special city. In 2000, the western part of the province was split. This became Banten province. Hal Sparks Hal Harry Magee Sparks III (born September 25, 1969) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, musician, political commentator, television and radio host and television personality. He is known for his contributions to VH1, hosting E!'s "Talk Soup", and the role of Michael Novotny on the American television series "Queer as Folk", Donald Davenport in "Lab Rats" and as the voice of Tak in the "Tak and the Power of Juju" television series and video games. List of American scientists This is a list of American scientists. SquareSoft Square Co., Ltd also known as SquareSoft Inc. was a video game company in Japan. Masafumi Miyamoto started SquareSoft in 1986. It joined with Enix to become SquareEnix in 2003. Minden Minden is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Minden-Lübbecke. About 81,000 people lived there. Ornans Ornans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. On 1 January 2016, the former commune of Bonnevaux-le-Prieuré was merged into Ornans. Bonnevaux-le-Prieuré Bonnevaux-le-Prieuré is a former commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune of Ornans. Autechaux Autechaux is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Autechaux-Roide Autechaux-Roide is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Les Auxons Les Auxons is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. The municipality was created on 1 January 2015 and consists of the former communes of Auxon-Dessus (the seat) and Auxon-Dessous. Auxon-Dessus Auxon-Dessus is a former commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. On 1 January 2015, the former communes of Auxon-Dessus and Auxon-Dessous joined together and became the new commune of Les Auxons. Auxon-Dessous Auxon-Dessous is a former commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. On 1 January 2015, the former communes of Auxon-Dessus and Auxon-Dessous joined together and became the new commune of Les Auxons. Avanne-Aveney Avanne-Aveney is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Avilley Avilley is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Campo Limpo Paulista Campo Limpo Paulista is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. 85,541 people lived here in 2020 and its area is 79.4 km². Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul Santa Maria is an Brazilian city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its area is 1,823.1 km² and 283,677 people lived here in 2020. Treinta y Tres Treinta y Tres is a city in Uruguay. It is the capital of the Treinta y Tres Department. Xenohyla truncata Izecksohn's Brazilian tree frog ("Xenohyla truncata") is a frog that lives in Brazil. It is the only frog that eats fruit. Scientists have seen it no higher than 50 meters above sea level. Some of these frogs live near sand dunes where there are cacti, shrubs, and bromeliad plants. "Xenohyla truncata" is the only known amphibian that eats fruit. It finds the fruit and swallows it whole with no chewing. The seeds from the fruit come out of its body in its waste, which helps the plant spread. This frog only eats very small fruits and seeds, from 3 to 10 mm in size. This frog also eats insects and other animals without bones. Durazno Durazno is a city in Uruguay. It is the capital of the Durazno Department. About 30,000 people lived there. Geography. Durazno is on the south banks of the Yí River. This river is an tributary to the Río Negro River. History. The city was founded on 12 October 1821, under the name of "San Pedro del Durazno", as a homage to Brazilian Emperor Pedro I. List of Bulgarian scientists This is a list of Bulgarian scientists. Colonia del Sacramento Colonia del Sacramento () is a city in southwestern Uruguay, by the Río de la Plata, facing the Argentine capital Buenos Aires. It is the oldest town in the country and capital of the Colonia Department. Around 27,000 people lived there. Its historic quarter is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995. Fray Bentos Fray Bentos is a city in Uruguay. It is the capital of the Río Negro Department. In 2015, the Barrio Anglo is the location of the industrial landscape that was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site as the "Fray Bentos Cultural-Industrial Landscape". Sukkur Sukkur (; ) is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Sindh province and is the capital of the Sukkur District. Sullana Sullana is a city in Peru. It is in the Piura Region. Montivilliers Montivilliers is a commune. It is in Normandy in the Seine-Maritime department in north France. Badevel Badevel is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Bart, Doubs Bart is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Bartherans Bartherans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Battenans-les-Mines Battenans-les-Mines is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Battenans-Varin Battenans-Varin is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Belfays Belfays is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Belleherbe Belleherbe is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. The Raven (1935 movie) The Raven is a 1935 American psychological horror directed by Lew Landers and was based on the 1845 poem by Edgar Allan Poe. It stars Boris Karloff, Bela Lugosi, Lester Matthews, Irene Wane, Inez Courtney, Ian Wolfe, Spencer Charters and was distributed by Universal Pictures. Belvoir, Doubs Belvoir is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Berche Berche is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Berthelange Berthelange is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Beure Beure is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. La Honda, California La Honda is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Mateo County, California. Oakley, California Oakley is a city in Contra Costa County, California. It is in the San Francisco Bay Area. At the 2020 United States Census, 43,991 people lived there. Oakley was incorporated in 1999. Adam Falckenhagen Adam Falckenhagen (26 April 1697 6 October 1754) was a German composer and lutenist (somebody who plays the lute). He was one of the last baroque composers to write music for the lute. Life. Falckenhagen was born in Großdalzig, a city near Leipzig. He learned to play the lute and the harpsichord. From 1719-1720 he studied in the Leipzig University. Between 1720 and 1727 he worked in Weißenfels as a court musician. He went to Dresden to study with Sylvius Leopold Weiss. In 1734 he moved to Bayreuth. He worked for Margrave Frederick of Bayreuth. He died in Bayreuth on 6 October 1754. Bad Oeynhausen Bad Oeynhausen is a spa town in Minden-Lübbecke in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. About 49,000 people lived there. It is on the left bank of the Weser river. Twin towns. Bad Oeynhausen is twinned with: Guérard Guérard is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Seine-et-Marne department in north-central France. Yambol Yambol () is a city in southeastern Bulgaria and is the capital of Yambol Province. About 80,000 people lived there. Pazardzhik Pazardzhik () is a city in southern Bulgaria and is the capital of Pazardzhik Province. It is along the banks of the Maritsa river and has about 70,000 people lived there. Šibenik Šibenik is a city in Croatia, located in central Dalmatia. It is on the Krka river flows into the Adriatic Sea. In 2011, 46,332 people lived there. Karlovac Karlovac is a city in central Croatia. In 2011, 55,705 people lived there. It is the county seat of Karlovac County. Velika Gorica Velika Gorica is a city in Zagreb County, Croatia. In 2011, 63,517 people lived there. Franjo Tuđman Airport, the largest airport in Croatia, is in Velika Gorica. Varaždin Varaždin is a city in Croatia. In 2011, 46,946 people lived there. It is the county seat of Varaždin County. Bikini Atoll The Bikini atoll is a group of islands (an atoll) in the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Ralik chain. Today, it is part of the Marshall Islands. It used to be known as Eschscholtz Atoll. The atoll is made of 23 islands, which have a surface area of . The lagoon is about by , and has a surface area of about . The lagoon has a depth of up to . The two biggest islands are Bikini, at and Enyu, at . Majuro, the capital of the Marshall Islands, is about to the south. New Guinea is about to the southwest. Nuclear tests. Today, the atoll is mostly known for many nuclear tests, done by the US government in the 1940s, and 1950s. In 1946, about 200 people were moved from these two islands, all other islands of the atoll were uninhabited. The people were moved to the smaller Rongerik Atoll, which was uninhabited at the time. Over 42.000 people were taking part in the nuclear tests. In total, 67 tests were done. In the 1970s, about 100 people again moved to the islands, but threy had to leave again, because high levels of Strontium-90 and Caesium-137 were found. Toda,y the atoll is largely uninhabited, except for a few caretakers. Problems with islanders returning. Even though the atoll may be habitable again soon, there's a problem: Many of the Bikini islanders (or their offspring) have never lived on the island, and haven't even visited it. There's a high unemployment rate on the Marshall islands. As the marshall islands have a special agreement with the United States, unemployed people from the Marshall islands can go look for jobs in the United States. It is therefore unclear how many of the original islanders or their offspring will return to the atoll. San Leo San Leo is a "comune" in the Province of Rimini in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna. San Leo is next to these municipalities: Acquaviva (San Marino), Chiesanuova (San Marino), Città di San Marino (San Marino), Maiolo, Montecopiolo, Monte Grimano, Novafeltria, Sassofeltrio, Torriana, Verucchio. Sassofeltrio Sassofeltrio is a "comune" in the Province of Rimini in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna. It is about southeast of Bologna and about south of Rimini. Sassofeltrio is next to these municipalities: Chiesanuova (San Marino), Faetano (San Marino), Fiorentino (San Marino), Gemmano, Mercatino Conca, Montegiardino (San Marino), Monte Grimano, Montescudo, San Leo, Verucchio. Talamello Talamello is a "comune" in the Province of Rimini in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna. It is about southeast of Bologna and about south of Rimini. Talamello is next to these municipalities: Maiolo, Mercato Saraceno, Novafeltria, Sogliano al Rubicone. Livigno Livigno is a "comune" in the Province of Sondrio in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is in the Italian Alps, near the Swiss border. Javier Chércoles Blázquez Javier Chércoles Blázquez born in Caracas (Venezuela) in 1964, is a director in fashion sector, university professor and crisis advisor in humanitarian disasters. Trajectory. He holds a degree in Law from UNED and in Economics and Business from Universidad Complutense. Between 2000 and 2010 he worked for Inditex, a multinational based in Galicia. Chércoles was responsible for preparing Zara 's "Internal Code of Ethics", a document that regulates the operation of the factories that work for Inditex. He also worked for PwC . in Bangladesh. In 2008, Chércoles went to Bangladesh to personally check the situation of a factory in Dhaka, where there were verbal and physical abuse, as well as salary cuts. Chércoles acknowledged that the factory was in "very bad" condition, but said there was no evidence they were manufacturing for Inditex. He later discovered that he was associated with another factory that produced clothes for Zara. The workshops were close to each other, and Chércoles admitted that it was possible to transfer part of the production from one to another without Inditex's permission or knowledge. A few years earlier he had discovered that the victims of the Bopal disaster had not yet been compensated, because, as he told Kofi Annan, "there is no way to calculate them, nor any political intention (to pay them)". As CSR director, he decided to deepen labor controls in the production chain, control measures with which Inditex's management did not agree. In 2010 he left the position receiving 1.57 million euros. In April 2013, in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, the Rana Plaza building collapsed and 1,134 workers were killed. He was hired by Primark to pay 14 million euros to victims being the first multinational to deal with compensation. At the University. He was voluntarily confined to the monastery of Santo Domingo de Silos for six months to write his doctoral thesis in the English language . Since June 2013, he has been working as a professor at the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, at the Institute of Disaster & Vulnerability Management Studies. He was also a professor at Complutense, URJC and ESADE Universities and an academic lecturer at Harvard, Georgetown (United States), Andrés Bello (Caracas, Venezuela) and Antonio Ruiz de Montoya (Lima, Peru) universities Brunate Brunate is a "comune" in the Province of Como in the Italian region of Lombardy. Beutal Beutal is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Bief Bief is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Blamont Blamont is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Gravataí Gravataí is an Brazilian city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, near Porto Alegre. About 280,000 people lived there. Altamira, Pará Altamira is a municipality in the state of Pará, in northern Brazil. It has an area of , making it the largest municipality by area both in Pará state and Brazil. 115,969 people lived here in 2020. Barcelos, Amazonas Barcelos is an Brazilian municipality in the state of Amazonas. 27,638 people lived here in 2020 and its area is , making it the second-largest municipality by area in Brazil (after Altamira, Pará). Shrimad Vidyadhiraj Teerth Swamiji Shrimad Vidyadhiraj Teerth ( 3 August 1945 – 19 July 2021), was a Hindu philosopher & 23rd peethadhish of Gokarna math. He was the Mathadipathi of the Partagali Gokarna math of Goa from 26th Feb 1967 to 19 July 2021. Rugrats Go Wild Rugrats Go Wild is a 2003 animated adventure comedy movie. It is based on the Nickelodeon TV show Rugrats. It was the last movie in the rugrats series. Renfield Renfield is an upcoming American dark fantasy horror-comedy film directed by Chris McKay and written by Ryan Ridley. It is based on an original pitch by Robert Kirkman. It stars Nicholas Hoult as Renfield, a henchman to Count Dracula who decides to leave his line of work after falling in love. Nicolas Cage, Awkwafina, Ben Schwartz, Adrian Martinez, Shohreh Aghdashloo, Bess Rous, and James Moses Black co-star. The film is scheduled to be released on April 14, 2023, by Universal Pictures. Premise. Count Dracula's lackey Renfield finds a new lease on life when he falls in love with Rebecca Quincy, a feisty traffic officer. Mutualism (economic theory) Mutualism is a thought and economic theory. Oedipus complex Oedipus complex is a term Sigmund Freud introduced. Freud said it was that someone wanted to have a sexual relationship with the parent of the opposite sex, and to kill the parent of the same sex. Freud uses the figure Oedipus, from Greek mythology: Oedipus killed a man in a fight, when he didn't know this man was his father, king Laios of Thebes. In that time, the Sphinx besieged Thebes, and gave riddles to those who passed. Those who weren't able to answer or solve the riddles, would be killed or eaten. Oedipus was able to solve the riddle, and as a prize, he received Iokaste, the widow of king Laios. He didn't know that Iokaste was his mother. The Sphinx was very ashamed that someone had been able to solve the riddle, and killed itself. Freud developed a whole theory, and he says that humans are driven, which is comomnly known as drive theory ("Triebtheorie" in German). He said that all children between ages three and five have what he called fantasies of incest. He also thought that the opposite case: the love of the same-sex parent, and the rivalry with the opposite-sex parent was normal. After Freud, people like Carl Gustav Jung made a difference between the Oedipus ocmplex they associated with boys, and a similar phenomenon they called Electra complex they associated with girls. Ostrov (Karlovy Vary District) Ostrov, also known as Ostrov nad Ohří (), is a town in Karlovy Vary District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. About 16,000 people lived there. Kraven the Hunter Kraven the Hunter is an upcoming American superhero movie. It is based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. The movie is produced by Columbia Pictures with Marvel Entertainment. Sony Pictures Releasing will distribute the movie. It is intended to be the fourth movie in Sony's Spider-Man Universe (SSU). The movie is being directed by J. C. Chandor from a screenplay by Art Marcum & Matt Holloway and Richard Wenk It stars Aaron Taylor-Johnson As Kraven. Kraven the Hunter has been considered for a movie appearances several times before Sony became interested in a standalone movie in 2017. Wenk was hired in August 2018 with Marcum and Holloway joining later. Chandor started negotiations to direct in August 2020. It was confirmed that he would direct in May 2021 when Taylor-Johnson was cast. Further casting took place in early 2022. Filming began in late March in London, England. "Kraven the Hunter" was to be released in the United States on January 13, 2023. The US release date was later changed to October 6, 2023. Cast. Christopher Abbott and Alessandro Nivola have been cast as the villains of the movie. Russell Crowe and Levi Miller have been cast in undisclosed roles. First Empire of Haiti The First Empire of Haiti (), officially Empire of Haiti (), was an Elective Monarchy on the current Island of Hispaniola, after the Independence of Haiti on January 1, 1804 by Jean-Jacques Dessalines, the Empire would be founded until September 24, 1804, and would be crowned as "Jacques I of Haiti" on October 6 of that same year, he would be assassinated on October 17, 1806 and the Empire would be dissolved to give way to the State and Republic of Haiti, it is not related to the Second Empire of Haiti by Faustin Soulouque. During the creation of the constitution, it was known for the banning of white people from Haiti, except for the nationalized Germans and Poles. Mělník Mělník () is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It is the capital of the Mělník District. About 20,000 people lived there. It is at the confluence of the Elbe and Vltava rivers, about north of Prague. Interaction cost Interaction cost means the work and costs needed to complete a task or interaction. This applies to several categories, including: Oleśnica Oleśnica is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. In 2019, 37,169 people lived there and its area is 20.96 km². Chełm Chełm (; ) is a city in Lublin Voivodeship in Poland. It is about from the border with Ukraine. In 2015, 63,949 people lived there. Blarians Blarians is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Blussangeaux Blussangeaux is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Blussans Blussans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Bolandoz Bolandoz is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Bondeval Bondeval is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Bonnal Bonnal is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Arguel, Doubs Arguel is a former commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune of Fontain. Bonnay, Doubs Bonnay is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Bonnay Bonnay is the name of three communes in France: Kamen Rider Build Kamen Rider Build is a Japanese tokusatsu drama in Kamen Rider Series. Schedule. Super Hero Time aired alongside "Uchu Sentai Kyuranger" and later "Kaitou Sentai Lupinranger VS Keisatsu Sentai Patranger". As the web series "Kamen Rider Amazons". Bouclans Bouclans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. On 1 January 2018, the former commune of Vauchamps was merged into Bouclans. Vauchamps, Doubs Vauchamps is a former commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the commune of Bouclans. Bourguignon, Doubs Bourguignon is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Bournois Bournois is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Braillans Braillans is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Branne, Doubs Branne is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Aincourt Aincourt is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north-central France. Vauréal Vauréal is a commune. It is in Île-de-France in the Val-d'Oise department in north-central France. In 2019, 16,456 people lived there. The commune is in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, from the center. Lee Yi-hsiu Lee Yi-hsiu ( ; born on 10 June 1988), known as History Bro (Chinese: 歷史哥), is a Taiwanese political activist, radio personality, and Internet celebrity. Lee has a master's degree. Lee supported Han Kuo-yu. Born in 1988 and raised in Kaohsiung, he has a YouTube channel. Campbell, California Campbell is a city in Santa Clara County, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. As of the 2020 census, 44,028 people lived there. Vimpeli Vimpeli () is a municipality in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had 2,756 people living there on 31 December 2021. The municipalities next to it are Alajärvi, Lappajärvi, Perho and Veteli. Villages. Hallapuro, Huopana, Kirkonkylä, Koskela, Lakaniemi, Pokela, Pyhälahti, Rantakylä, Sääksjärvi, Viitaniemi and Vinni. Veteli Veteli () is a municipality in Central Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had 3,005 people living there on 31 December 2021. The municipalities next to it are Evijärvi, Halsua, Kaustinen, Kronoby, Lappajärvi, Perho and Vimpeli. Lestijärvi Lestijärvi is a municipality in Central Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had 719 people living there on 31 December 2021, that makes it the smallest municipality in Central Ostrobothnia by population. The municipalities next to it are Halsua, Kinnula, Kokkola, Perho, Reisjärvi, Sievi and Toholampi. Kauhava Kauhava is a town and municipality in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland. It had 15,319 people living there on 31 December 2021. The municipalities next to it are Evijärvi, Isokyrö, Lappajärvi, Lapua, Nykarleby, Pedersöre, Seinäjoki and Vörå. The bordering municipalities of Alahärmä, Kortesjärvi and Ylihärmä were merged with Kauhava on 1 January 2009. Saltillo Municipality Saltillo is one of the 38 municipalities of Coahuila, in northeastern Mexico. The municipal seat is Saltillo. The municipality covers an area of 6837 km². In 2005, the municipality had a total population of 648,929. Meinerzhagen Meinerzhagen is a town in Märkischer Kreis in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. About 21,000 people live there. It is in the Sauerland region. Hilden Hilden is a town in Mettmann in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. About 56,000 people live there. Breconchaux Breconchaux is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Brères Brères is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Channel Islands Brussels Office The Channel Islands Brussels Office (CIBO) is an organisation which aims "to promote the interests of the Channel Islands in Europe, to represent the Channel Islands to the EU institutions, and to advise the governments of Guernsey and Jersey on EU policy issues." It was founded in 2011. Les Bréseux Les Bréseux is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. La Bretenière, Doubs La Bretenière is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Bretigney Bretigney is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Bretigney-Notre-Dame Bretigney-Notre-Dame is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Brognard Brognard is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Buffard Buffard is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Burgille Burgille is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Burnevillers Burnevillers is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Busy, Doubs Busy is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. By, Doubs By is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Byans-sur-Doubs Byans-sur-Doubs is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Cademène Cademène is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Cendrey Cendrey is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Cernay-l'Église Cernay-l'Église is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Cessey Cessey is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Chalèze Chalèze is a commune. It is in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in the Doubs department in east France. Sandstorm (1982 movie) Sandstorm (, , translit. Rih al-raml) is a 1982 Algerian drama movie directed by Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina and starring Nadir Benguedih, Himmoud Brahimi, Leila Shenna, Sabrina Hannach, Albert Minski. Scinax Scinax is a genus of frogs (snouted treefrogs) in the family Hylidae. These frogs live in eastern and southern Mexico to Argentina and Uruguay, Trinidad and Tobago, and Saint Lucia. These are small to medium-sized tree frogs. Duellman and Wiens brought this genus back into use in 1992. The name originates from the Greek word "skinos", meaning fast-moving or nimble. Species. These species are in the genus "Scinax:" Ronald Ryan Ronald Joseph Ryan (21 February 1925 - 3 February 1967) was the last man hanged in Australia, there were many protests to commute his sentence however the governor of Victoria, Henry Bolte wanted him hanged. Birth. Ronald Ryan was born on 21 February 1925 at the Royal Women's Hospital in Melbourne's inner suburb of Carlton. Protests. Many people protested against the hanging on Ryan, with some comparing the premier Henry Bolte to Nazi leader Adolf Hitler, and calling for his death sentence to be commuted as he was believed to be innocent, however Bolte claimed that the next death sentence would go ahead no matter what, this led to him having to have the more progressive Rupert Hamer succeed him in 1972. Execution. Ryan was executed at 8am on 3 February 1967 at HM Prison Pentridge, Melbourne and his final words were "God bless you please make this quick". I Wake Up Screaming I Wake Up Screaming is a 1941 American psychological crime movie directed by H. Bruce Humberstone and was based on the novel of the same name. It stars Betty Grable, Victor Mature, Carole Landis, Allyn Joslyn, Laird Cregar, Chick Chandler, Cyril Ring and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. My Stupid Boss My Stupid Boss is a 2016 Indonesian Malaysian Bruneian adventure comedy movie directed by Upi Avianto and was based on the four part novel of the same name by Chaos@Work. It stars Reza Rahadian, Bunga Citra Lestari, Alex Abbad, Bront Palarae, Chew Kin Wah, Nadiya Nisaa. It was followed up in 2019 with "My Stupid Boss 2". High Sierra (movie) High Sierra is a 1941 American crime movie directed by Raoul Walsh and was based on the novel of the same name. It stars Humphrey Bogart, Ida Lupino, Arthur Kennedy, Joan Leslie, Joan Leslie, Henry Travers, Cornel Wilde, Jerome Cowan, Isabel Jewell, Elisabeth Risdon and was distributed by Warner Bros. Giant virus A giant virus is a very large virus. They are sometimes called a girus. Some of them are larger than typical bacteria. All known giant viruses belong to the phylum Nucleocytoviricota. The genomes of many giant viruses code for unusual genes which are not found in other viruses. These include genes involved in glycolysis and the TCA cycle, fermentation, and the cytoskeleton. The first giant viruses to be described were discovered in 1981. Note, in the illustration from an electron microscope, the virus is surrounded by a thick (~100 nm) layer of filamentous protein fibres. Origin. There are two main hypotheses. Either they evolved from small viruses by picking up DNA from host organisms; or they evolved from very complicated organisms by genome reduction. Agribusiness Agribusiness (also called bio-business or bio-enterprise) refers to the enterprises, the industry, the system, and the field of study in agriculture and bio-economy. The first goal of agribusiness is to maximize profit the needs of consumers for products related to natural resources such as biotechnology, farms, food, forestry, fisheries, fuel, and fiber — usually with the exclusion of non-renewable resources such as mining. Gutian people The Guti () or Quti, also known by the derived Gutians or Guteans, were a nomadic people of West Asia, around the Zagros Mountains (Modern Iran) during ancient times. History. Their homeland was known as Gutium (Sumerian: ,"Gu-tu-umki" or ,"Gu-ti-umki"). There has been little scholarly support for theories linking the Turkic names Kutrigur and Utigur to the Gutians. Widely believed to have spoken an Indo-European (rather than Turkic) language. Iranologist W. B. Henning proposed that the Yuezhi were descended from the Guti (Gutians) and a closely associated but little known tribe referred to as the Tukri (Turki), who were native to the Zagros mountains during the mid-3rd millennium BC. Analysing the grammatical structure of the Gutian language, German Assyriologists Benno Landsberger, however, came to the conclusion that the Gutians not only were closely related to Turkic peoples, but most probably even identical. Ribeira Square The Ribeira Square () is a historical square in Porto, Portugal. It is in the historical centre of the city and is designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The square is located in the historical district of Ribeira, part of the São Nicolau parish. The Ribeira district spreads alongside the Douro river. During the Middle Ages, Ribeira Square was the site of many shops that sold fish, bread, meat and other goods. Scinax ruber The red-snouted tree frog, Allen's snouted tree frog, common snouted tree frog or two-striped snouted tree frog ("Scinax ruber") is a frog that lives in Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, Ecuador and the Guianas. Human beings also brought it to Puerto Rico. The adult male frog is 3.1 to 3.7 cm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 4.0 to 4.2 cm long. The male frog is yellow or almost white in color and the female frog is brown or gray in color. This frog has dark brown spots down its sides and yellow or orange spots on its legs and middle. This frog lives in trees and looks for food at night. This frog can lay eggs at any time, but it usually does when the weather is rainy. The male frog sits on a tree branch over the water and sings for the female frog. The female frog lays her eggs, about 590 eggs at a time, on plants near the water. When the tadpoles hatch from the eggs, they fall into the water. Vantablack Vantablack is a substance made of carbon nanotubes. Scientists at Surrey NanoSystems invented it in 2014. They invented it so scientists and engineers could use it in inventions. In 2016, artists started fighting over Vantablack, for example Anish Kapoor and Stuart Semple. Vantablack can absorb 99.965 percent of the light that hits it. Because it absorbs so much light, it looks very dark and black. In 2014, it was the blackest black thing in the world. It could make a flat circle look like a deep hole. Artist Anish Kapoor thought Vantablack would be good in art. In 2016, Kapoor made a deal with Surrey NanoSystems. He bought the exclusive rights to use Vantablack in art. This means Kapoor is the only artist allowed to use that black paint. Some artists did not like that Kapoor wanted to be the only artist who could use Vantablack paint. For example, Christian Furr said "All the best artists have had a thing for pure black – Turner, Manet, Goya... This black is like dynamite in the art world. We should be able to use it. It isn't right that it belongs to one man." Another artist Stuart Semple invented another pigment in 2016. He named it "Pinkest Pink". Semple sold Pinkest Pink to other artists on his website. But he added words to the order form in which his buyers had to promise not to give any Pinkest Pink to Anish Kapoor: By adding this product to your cart you confirm that you are not Anish Kapoor, you are in no way affiliated to Anish Kapoor, you are not purchasing this item on behalf of Anish Kapoor or an associate of Anish Kapoor. To the best of your knowledge, information and belief this paint will not make its way into the hands of Anish Kapoor. Semple said: "I thought I might sell one or two, but the website itself would be almost like a piece of performance art, and the pink jar would be like an artwork." This means he did not think many people would care that he was not selling his pink paint to Anish Kapoor. He also said he did it "to raise a dialogue in a debate about ownership and elitism and privilege and access to the arts". Anish Kapoor found out about Semple's rule. He posted a picture on Instagram. The picture had a jar of Pinkest Pink and a middle finger (an insulting hand signal) covered in Pinkest Pink. Many people saw Kapoor's Instagram picture. They wrote to Semple asking him to make a black paint like Vantablack. In 2017, Semple made black pigments called "Better Black", "Black 2.0" and "Black 3.0". He made a glitter paint called "Diamond Dust". He would not sell any to Anish Kapoor. Semple's black paint was not as black as Vantablack, but it was very, very black. It was also much easier to use and cost much less money. One tube of Black 3.0 cost ₤21.99. Semple also opened an art store in London and said he would not let Anish Kapoor come inside it. Anish Kapoor told Buzzfeed news that his lawyers would take action against Semple because Semple was using his name so people would buy paint from him. Semple said later that Kapoor never sued him. In 2019, scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology made a paint even blacker than Vantablack. This paint could absorb 99.995 percent of light. MIT artist Diemut Strebe made artwork using this paint: Strebe painted a $2 million yellow diamond black with this paint. This made the diamond almost disappear. Strebe named the artwork "The Redemption of Vanity". It is at the New York Stock Exchange. Strebe and the scientists said "The project can also be interpreted as a statement against British artist Anish Kapoor's purchase of" Vantablack. They said any artist who wanted could use their new paint. São Nicolau (Porto) São Nicolau () was a civil parish in the municipality of Porto, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau e Vitória. The population in 2011 was 1,906, in an area of 0.25 km². Monke Monke may refer to: Government of Portugal The Government of Portugal is one of the four sovereignty bodies of the Portuguese Republic, together with the President of the Republic, the Assembly of the Republic and the courts. The government is responsible for the general politics of the country and is the superior body of the Portuguese public administration. John Monke John Monke (c. 1659 – 13 November 1701) was an English politician who was a Member of Parliament from 1689 to 1690. Monke was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for New Shoreham in 1689 and stood until 1690. Monke died in November 1701. Oostmalle Airfield Oostmalle Airfield is an airport in the Antwerp province of the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is east of the town of Zoersel, south of the town of Oostmalle, and west of the town of Wechelderzande, in the municipality of Malle. Overboelare Airfield Overboelare Airfield (, ) is a private use airport near Geraardsbergen, East Flanders, Belgium. List of airports in Belgium This is a list of airports (aerodromes and heliports) in Belgium, sorted by location. Names in bold show airports with scheduled service on commercial airlines. Chiasmocleis Chiasmocleis is a genus of frogs in the family Microhylidae. They live in tropical South America north and east of the Andes. English speakers call them humming frogs or silent frogs. Taxonomy. Scientists have trouble deciding where to put this genus because it looks like not all of these frogs have the same ancestor. As of mid 2021, scientists agreed to put frogs that used to be in the genus "Syncope" into "Chiasmocleis", but they also agreed to make three clades into subgenera: Of these, "Relictocleis" is the most different from the other two. Some scientists think it should be its own genus. "Relictocleis gnoma" would be its only species. Description. "Chiasmocleis" frogs have small bodies and small legs. The male and female frogs look different: Male frogs have darker chins, and some of them have spines. The frogs from the subgenus "Syncope" are even smaller and have fewer bones in their paws and tose. "Relictocleis" frogs are also very small. Ecology. "Chiasmocleis" live underground some or most of the time. They are hard to see against dirt or dead leaves. They only look for food on the surface for a few days during the time when they lay eggs. This is at the beginning of the rainy season. They live in both forests and open places. Species. These species are in "Chiasmocleis": Far Cry 2 Far Cry 2 is a 2008 first-person shooter game made by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. It is the second main game in the "Far Cry" series. The mobile version of the game is made and published by Gameloft. Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege is an online tactical shooter video game made by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. It was released around the world for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on December 1, 2015; the game was also released for PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X and Series S on December 1, 2020. Pelodryadinae The Pelodryadinae are a subfamily of frogs. How these frogs are classified is disputed. They are found in Australo-Papuan regions. Classification. The Amphibian Species of the World puts the Pelodryadinae in the family Pelodryadidae. There are two genera: The AmphibiaWeb says that Pelodryadinae are in the family Hylidae and have three genera: Ogdo Aksyonova Ogdo Yegorovna Aksenov () (February 8, 1936 in Boganida, Taymyr Autonomous Okrug, USSR - February 14, 1995 in Dudinka, Russia) was a Dolgan poet, founder of Dolgan written literature. Biography. Aksyonova was born in the family of a reindeer herder began writing poems in high school. For her story, "Paul Chuprin", in 1956 she was given the "Soviet Taimyr" award. She became a cultural worker, and in 1967 was awarded a "Badge of Honor." She published works in "Valery Kravets" ( "The Polar Truth") and in the popular magazine "Worker." Later she printed poems and tales in the Dolgan language. Yakut printers promised to find the right fonts, which would take into account the specifics of Dolgan language. The book was published in 1973. It was called "Baraksan." In the second book, Aksenova wanted to build the whole song on the material. She called it "Songs Dolgan." Ogdo Aksyonov died on the night of January 14, 1995. Deaths in 1995 The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in 1995. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting. Each listing of death, must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source. Deaths in January 1995 The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in January 1995. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting. Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source. Henry Bolte Henry Bolte (20 May 1908 - 4 January 1990) was Premier of Victoria from 1955 until 1972, he received criticism for refusing to commute Ronald Ryan's death sentence, this cost him support, allowing Dick (Rupert) Hamer to become the 39th Premier of Victoria. Birth. Bolte was born on 20 May 1908 in Ballarat, Australia. Death penalty controversy. When Ronald Ryan was sentenced to death, Henry Bolte supported this and said it would go on no matter what, which made him unpopular, he was compared to the Nazi leader Adolf Hitler. Drink driving controversy. On 24 March 1984, Bolte was involved in a serious head-on accident when he was driving home after an evening in the local hotel near his property at Bamganie. Dom Luís I Bridge The Dom Luís I Bridge (), or Luís I Bridge, is an arch bridge in Portugal. It goes across the River Douro. It connects the cities of Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia. Peneda-Gerês National Park The Peneda-Gerês National Park (, ), is a national park in northern Portugal. Created on 8 May 1971, it is the oldest protected area and the only national park in Portugal. The park have an area of . Augustine Washington Augustine Washington (12 November 1694 – 12 April 1743) was the father of George Washington, the first President of the United States Children. Children (by Jane Butler) Children (by Mary Ball) Far Cry 5 Far Cry 5 is a 2018 first-person action-adventure shooter game, made by Ubisoft Montreal and Ubisoft Toronto and published by Ubisoft. It is the successor to 2014's "Far Cry 4", and the fifth main game in the "Far Cry" series. Far Cry 4 Far Cry 4 is a 2014 first-person shooter game made by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. It is the successor to the 2012 video game "Far Cry 3", and the fourth main game in the "Far Cry" series. Mary Ball Washington Mary Ball Washington (30 November 1708 - 26 August 1789) was the spouse of Augustine Washington and mother of George Washington. Kamen Rider Zi-O Kamen Rider Zi-O is a Japanese tokusatsu drama in the Kamen Rider franchise. Schedule. Super Hero Time joining "Kaitou Sentai Lupinranger VS Keisatsu Sentai Patranger" and later, the miniseries "Super Sentai Strongest Battle" aired alongside "Kishiryu Sentai Ryusoulger". Ubisoft Montreal Ubisoft Divertissements Inc., known as Ubisoft Montreal, is a Canadian video game developer and a studio of Ubisoft based in Montreal. Games made. Ubisoft Montreal is the main developer for games in the "Assassin's Creed", "Far Cry", "Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six", and "Watch Dogs" series. Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six is a video game franchise published by Ubisoft that is based on American author Tom Clancy's 1998 novel "Rainbow Six". The franchise and its games is about a fictional international counter-terrorist unit called "Rainbow". Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Extraction Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Extraction (originally known as Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Quarantine) is an online multiplayer tactical shooter video game developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft as a spin-off of "Rainbow Six Siege" (2015). The game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Amazon Luna, Google Stadia, Xbox One and Xbox Series X and Series S on January 20, 2022. It received mixed reviews from critics. Alentejo Alentejo ( , ) is a region of south–central and southern Portugal. In Portuguese, its name means "beyond () the Tagus river" ("Tejo"). Sopa de gato Sopa de gato (in English: "Cat soup") is a simple soup from southern Spain. It is served hot and is a suitable dish for the winter. Typical ingredients include water, bread, oil, garlic and salt. Thomas Johnson (murderer) Thomas Johnson ( March 1898 - 23 January 1939) was an Australian murder born in Tasmania in 1898, he was executed by hanging on 23 January 1939 at HM Prison Pentridge. Angelique Boyer Angelique Monique-Paulette Boyer Rousseau (born July 4, 1988, Saint-Claude, Jura, France), known as Angelique Boyer, is a French-Born Mexican actress. Deaths in February 1995 The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in February 1995. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting. Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source. Battle of Konotop (2022) The Battle of Konotop was a military engagement that took place around the city of Konotop, Ukraine between the military forces of Russia and Ukraine as part of the Northeastern Ukraine offensive during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Peter I of Courtenay Peter of Courtenay (September 1126 - 10 April 1183) was a son of Louis VI of France. He had many children. One of them was Peter II, Latin Emperor. Peter II of Courtenay Peter II (1155 - 1219) was Latin Emperor and the son of Peter I of Courtenay. María Teresa Jiménez Esquivel María Teresa Jiménez Esquivel (May 25, 1984, Valle de Bravo, State of Mexico) is a Mexican politician, member of the National Action Party and former deputy of the Chamber of Deputies, she was Municipal President of Aguascalientes. Yannick Jadot Yannick Jadot (born 27 July 1967) is a French environmentalist and politician. He has been a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since the 2009 European election, representing the West France constituency. On 30 January 2021, Jadot announced that he would be running as a candidate in the 2022 French presidential election. In the primaries, he won 51.03 percent of the party’s votes, beating Sandrine Rousseau. He came in sixth place, winning 4.63% of the vote. Éric Zemmour Éric Justin Léon Zemmour (; born 31 August 1958) is a French far-right politician, political journalist, essayist, writer and pundit. He was an editor and panelist on "Face à l'Info", a daily show broadcast on CNews, from 2019 to 2021. In late 2021, Zemmour declared his candidacy for President of France in the 2022 election. He created Reconquête, a new political party. He came in fourth place, winning 7.07% of the vote. Rhodesian Bush War The Rhodesian Bush War was a civil war in the British colony of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) from 1964 to 1979. It was a triangular war. It was fought between the white Government of Rhodesia, the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (which was the military wing of Robert Mugabe's Zimbabwe African National Union), and the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army of Joshua Nkomo's Zimbabwe African People's Union. Rhodesia was supported by Estado Novo (Portugal) until 1974 and Apartheid South Africa. After the war ended in 1979, Southern Rhodesia became independent as Zimbabwe in 1980. K. P. Thakkar Khatau Thakkar was an Indian swimmer. He won a gold medal in 1951 Asian Games in men's 3m springboard and 10m platform. He also won a bronze medal in 1954 Asian Games. He had won three Asian Games medals. The Government of India honored him with the Dhyan Chand Award in 2014. He died in 2016. Rajesh Singh Rajesh Kumar Singh (born 1968) is an Indian businessperson and movie producer. He is the founder and managing director of Dayal Group. He is noted for producing Hindi movies, "Fareb" (2005) and "Anwar" (2007). Singh received the Mahatma Gandhi Award in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh state Yogi Adityanath awarded him the Uttar Pradesh Ratna Award in 2020. Biography. He was born in 1968 in Varanasi, India and was raised in Lucknow. He ventured into business in 1997 and founded his company, Dayal Group of Companies, which is into real estate, education and movie production. In 2005, Singh produced the Bollywood movie, "Fareb", starring Manoj Bajpayee. He produced by the romantic thriller "Anwar" in 2007. He founded Kunwar's Global School in Lucknow, which is run by Kunwar's Education Foundation, where Singh serves as the chairman. Vivek Agnihotri Vivek Agnihotri is an Indian movie director, movie producer, screenwriter and author. He works in Hindi cinema. He made his debut in Bollywood with the crime thriller film "Chocolate" in 2005 and has directed many films such as "Dhan Dhana Dhan Goal" (2007), "Hate Story" (2012), "Zid" (2014), " Buddha in a Traffic Jam" (2016) and "The Kashmir Files" (2022). He won the National Film Award for Best Screenplay - Dialogues for "The Tashkent Files" (2019). He also won the Best Writer and Director at Jakarta International Film Festival for his movie, "Buddha in a Traffic Jam". In 2018, Vivek Agnihotri authored a book titled "Urban Naxals: The Making of Buddha in a Traffic Jam". He is a member of the board of Central Board of Film Certification, India and a cultural representative of Indian Cinema at the Indian Council for Cultural Relations. Three Violent People Three Violent People is a 1957 American western movie directed by Rudolph Maté and starring Charlton Heston, Anne Baxter, Gilbert Roland, Tom Tyron, Forrest Tucker, Bruce Bennett, Elaine Stritch, Roy Engel. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures. Snot (rapper) Snot (born December 16, 1997) is an Americans rapper whose real name is Edy Edouard. He was born in New York City and started to upload his music to Soundcloud in 2016. Snot was starting to be famous after he released "Gosha" in September 2018. He began rapping when he was 17 years old. Snot has collaborated with Night Lovell, Wifisfuneral, and Cochise. Monterey Grand Prix The Monterey Grand Prix was a round of the Formula One non-championship race Museu de Belles Arts de València The Museu de Belles Arts de València (; ; English: "Museum of Fine Arts of Valencia") is an art gallery in Valencia, Spain, founded in 1913. Rui Moreira (politician) Rui de Carvalho de Araújo Moreira (born 8 August 1956) is a Portuguese businessman and politician, he is the current Mayor of Porto. His term started on 22 October 2013, and he was re-elected for a new term on 1 October 2017 and 26 September 2021. He has been supported by the CDS – People's Party and has supported the IL – Liberal Initiative. Montjoie-le-Château Montjoie-le-Château (; German previously: "Frohberg") is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. Villars-lès-Blamont Villars-lès-Blamont (, literally "Villars near Blamont") is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. Corcelles-Ferrières Corcelles-Ferrières () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. Dannemarie, Doubs Dannemarie (; unofficial also "Dannemarie-lès-Glay") is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. Fessevillers Fessevillers is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. Fontain Fontain is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. On 1 January 2019, the former commune Arguel was merged into Fontain. Goumois, Doubs Goumois is a commune in the department of Doubs, in the eastern French region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. Montfaucon, Doubs Montfaucon () is an affluent commune in the Doubs department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France. Nommay Nommay () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. Quingey Quingey () is a commune and former canton seat in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. Zingem Heliport Zingem Heliport is a private heliport near Zingem, East Flanders, Belgium. Scinax x-signatus The Venezuelan snouted tree frog or Venezuela snouted tree frog (Scinax x-signatus) is a frog that lives in Brazil, Colombia, Suriname, and Venezuela. Human beings also brought it to Guadeloupe, Marie Galante, and La Désirade. Rosières-sur-Barbèche Rosières-sur-Barbèche () is a commune in the Doubs département in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. Vieux-Charmont Vieux-Charmont () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. Francesca Caccini Francesca Caccini (; 18 September 1587 – after 1641) was an Italian composer, singer, lutenist, poet, and music teacher of the early Baroque era. Scinax nebulosus The blue-headed snouted tree frog or Spix's snouted tree frog ("Scinax nebulosus") is a frog that lives in Brazil, Venezuela, the Guianas, and Bolivia. Villers-Grélot Villers-Grélot () is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. Jigarthanda (2016 movie) Jigarthandaa () is a 2016 Indian Kannada-language satirical black comedy film. It was directed by Shiva Ganesh, written by Karthik Subbaraj and produced by Kichcha Creations and SRV Productions. The film was a remake of the 2014 Tamil film of same name which itself was inspired by the 2006 South Korean movie "A Dirty Carnival". It stars Rahul and Samyukta Hornad along with P. Ravi Shankar, Chikkanna, Dharma, K. Manju, Guruprasad, Sadhu Kokila and Veena Sundar in supporting roles. Arjun Janya composed film's score and soundtrack. It released on June 24, 2016. Mainz Republic The Republic of Mainz was the first democratic state in the current German territory. It was in Mainz. It was made because of the French Revolutionary Wars. It lasted from March to July 1793. AB Aurigae b Aurigae b (or AB Aur b) is a protoplanet in the Protoplanetary disk of the star AB Aurigae. The star is about 505 lightyears from Earth. It is a young star, about two million years old. The star and everything in its system are in its early stages. In this growing solar system, astronomers can see the formation of the new gas giant. They can learn if the theories they have created about how stars are formed are correct. The current theory of “core accretion” says that planets are formed from small objects collecting dust, gas, and other materials as they all orbit a star. Aurigae b has about 9 times the mass of Jupiter. This would make it about 12,000 times bigger than Earth. The planet has an orbit of 8.6 billion miles from its star. This is twice the distance between our sun and Pluto. It is thought that core accretion could not happen this far from a star. An other theory. called “disk instability”, says that Aurigae b could have been formed in a more “top-down” process. It say that the protoplanetary disk is cooling and quickly breaking up. When this happens, gravity causes gas and matter to come together and form new planets. These findings come from an international team who used the adaptive optics system, infrared spectrography, and visible camera of the Subaru Telescope as well as the Hubble Space Telescope. The team was only able to collect solid evidence by using a variety of techniques and working with different groups. The findings were published by the University of Arizona. Their findings are creating a large number of discussions because this evidence supports what might be new facts in astronomy Collegium Carolinum (Kassel) The Collegium Carolinum (also known as ) was a scientific institution in Kassel. It was founded in 1709 by Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel. It was closed after the death of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel in 1785. Chiasmocleis anatipes The Santa Cecilia humming frog ("Chiasmocleis anatipes") is a species of frog. It is in the family Microhylidae. It is from northeastern Ecuador. It lives in parts of Peru and Colombia too. The species name "anatipes" is from its "duck-like" feet. Scientists have seen it between 200 and 400 meters above sea level. The adult male frog is 18.0 to 19.4 mm long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 25.0 to 30.0 mm long. It lives in primary and secondary forest. It lives in the same area as other frogs with the same ancestor frog: "Chiasmocleis bassleri" and "Ctenophryne geayi". It looks for food at night. People tend to see them sitting on plants no more than 25 cm above the ground. When it is time to lay eggs, the male frogs go to ponds. They sing together for the female frogs. The female frogs lay eggs near the surface of the water. The tadpoles swim alone near the surface of the water during the day. Scientsts found red ants in the stomach of one humming frog. They think this frog eats ants. José Andrade José Andrade (22 November 1901 - 5 October 1957) is an Uruguayan footballer. He enjoyed great success as a player for the Uruguay national football team, with which he also won the first World Cup. Andrade was described as an intelligent and calm player who never celebrated his goals exuberantly. He was a dynamic, fast and highly technical player who was able to dominate on the pitch without influencing his teammates. During his prime he was considered as one of the greatest defensive midfielders in the world. Early days. Andrade was born in Salto in 1901 to an Argentine mother. José Ignacio Andrade, who is said to have been his father, is listed on his birth certificate as a witness. The elder Andrade, who was 98 years old when José Leandro Andrade was born, was an expert in African magic and is said to be an African-born slave who escaped from Brazil. At an early age, Andrade went to live with his aunt in a slum in Montevideo. Prior to the introduction of professional football in Uruguay, Andrade held a number of jobs. At one point he worked as a carnival musician, playing mainly the drums. At various times in his life he also worked as a shoe shiner and as a newsboy. Club career. In addition to his passion for music, Andrade was an avid footballer. In youth he played football for Miramar Misiones. In the early 1920s, Andrade signed with Bella Vista, where he went on to play 71 games and score 7 goals. It was at Bella Vista that Andrade was first selected to the national team. Andrade later moved to Nacional where he became four-time Uruguayan champions and three national cups. In 1930, Andrade moved to CA Peñarol, where he played 88 games in the years that followed. Andrade had previously trained with the club as a teenager but was not hired at the time. From the mid - 1930s, Andrade played for several Argentine clubs including CA Atlanta and CA Lanús CA Talleres. He also played a short stint with Wanderers in Uruguay before ending his career. International career. Andrade played 34 caps for the Uruguay national football team between 1923 and 1930, scoring once. South American Championship. Andrade won the South American Championship (predecessor to the Copa América ) of 1923, 1924 and 1926. 1924 Summer Olympics. Andrade won his first Olympic gold medal at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris. He was recognized as the first black international footballer in the Olympics. He was nicknamed maravilla negra ( the black miracle ), a nickname later used for Pelé. After winning the Summer Olympics, the Uruguayans were challenged by Argentina to a diptych. In the second game at the Estadio Sportivo Barracas in Buenos Aires, Andrade was pelted with stones by the Argentine crowd, to which Andrade and his teammates responded by throwing the stones back. In the ensuing riots, a teammate was arrested and the Uruguayans refused to play out the rest of the game. 1928 Summer Olympics. In 1928 Andrade won his second Olympic gold medal at the 1928 Summer Olympics, held in Amsterdam. During the semi-final against Italy, Andrade collided with one of the goal posts, resulting in a serious injury to his eye. This later deteriorated to the point that he became blind in that eye. 1930 FIFA World Cup. Despite not being at his peak, Andrade managed to become one of Uruguay's best players in the tournament, which the Uruguayans won. At the end of the tournament, he was named to the "All-Star team". In 1994 he was selected by France Football as number ten in their World Cup Top 100. A plaque was placed in the Estadio Centenario in honor of his achievements. Life after football. Andrade was a guest at the 1950 World Cup , when Uruguay won the tournament for the second time. His cousin Víctor Rodríguez Andrade, a member of the 1950 winning team, had adopted Andrade as his middle name in honor of José Leandro Andrade. In 1956, when he was discovered by the German journalist Fritz Hack, he had descended from alcoholism and was living in a small flat in a poor area of ​​Montevideo. Andrade died in 1957 in the Piñeyro del Campo nursing home in Montevideo from the effects of tuberculosis. His burial took place at Cementerio del Cerro, Montevideo. Chiasmocleis bassleri Bassler's humming frog ("Chiasmocleis bassleri") is a frog that lives in Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil and Peru. The adult male frog is 16.8 to 20.3 mm long from nose to rear end, and the adult female frog is 19.5 to 21.6 mm long. This frog lives in primary and secondary forest no higher than 300 meters above sea level. It lives in the same places as other frogs with the same ancestor frog: "Chiasmocleis tridactyla", "Chiasmocleis antenori", "Chiasmocleis carvalhoi", "Chiasmocleis anatipes", "Ctenophryne geayi", and others. This frog is a uniform brown-gray color on its back with black marks near its middle. It has pink spots on its sides. It looks for food at night. It can dig in the ground to make burrows. Human beings have seen it on the ground and as high as 20 cm up in the plants. Tepic Tepic (), is the largest city and capital of the municipality of the same name and of the State of Nayarit. Chiasmocleis antenori The Ecuador silent frog ("Chiasmocleis antenori") is a species of frog. It is in the family Microhylidae. They are from Ecuador, Peru and small parts of western Brazil. Etymology. The name "antenori" is for Antenor Leitão de Carvalho. Description. The male frog is 11.7 mm to 12.2 mm long from nose to rear end. The female is 12.3 mm to 13.8 mm long. Ecuador silent frogs are brown with a bluish-white stomachs. They have red irises in their eyes. The frogs have three fingers on their front feet and four toes on their back feet. Yolanda Díaz Yolanda Díaz Pérez (born 6 May 1971) is a Spanish politician and lawyer specialised in labour law, serving as Second Deputy Prime Minister since 2021 and Minister of Labour and Social Economy of the Government of Spain since 2020. A member of the Congress of Deputies since 2016, she has previously been a former Ferrol municipal councillor (2003–2012) and member of the Parliament of Galicia (2012–2016). She was the National Coordinator of Esquerda Unida (EU) from 2005 to 2017. Ctenophryne geayi The brown egg frog ("Ctenophryne geayi") is a species of frog. It is in the family Microhylidae. It lives in Suriname, Guyana, Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Scientists have seen it as high as 600 meters above sea level. The adult male frog is 32.2 to 43.3 mmt long from nose to rear end and the adult female frog is 42.4 to 55.1 mm long. This frog looks for food at night. This frog is easiest to find during the rainy season. That is when the females lay eggs. They lay eggs at the edges of ponds. The tadpoles hatch after 36 hours. They spend 12 hours stuck to the surface of the water before they start to swim. Villers-Saint-Martin Villers-Saint-Martin is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. National Guard (France) The National Guard () is a French military, gendarmerie, and police reserve force, it is active in its current form since 2016 but was originally founded in 1789 during the French Revolution. Reinhilde Decleir Reinhilde Decleir (16 May 1948 – 6 April 2022) was a Flemish actress and director. In 2009, she had the lead role as Maria 'moemoe' Vangenechten in the television series "Van Vlees en Bloed". Decleir died at the age of 73 from euthanasia in Borgerhout, Belgium while having cancer on 6 April 2022. Shamsha Berkimbayeva Shamsha Kopbaevna Berkimbayeva (; 10 October 1942 – 7 April 2022) was a Kazakh academic and politician. She was Minister of Education and Science from 2002 to 2003. Berkimbayeva died on 7 April 2022 at the age of 79. Minori Matsushima was a Japanese actress. She worked for Aoni Production. She was most known for the roles of Candice White Adley in "Candy Candy", Hiyoko Isu in "The Song of Tentomushi", Alexandria Meat in "Kinnikuman", Sayaka Yumi in "Mazinger Z", Hiroshi Ichikawa in "Kaibutsu-kun", Dororo in "Dororo" and Gyopi in "Goldfish Warning!". Matsushima was born in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. She died on April 8, 2022 at age 81 from pancreatic cancer. José Vilariño José Antonio Vilariño (19 May 1961 – 8 April 2022) was an Argentine engineer and politician. He was a member of the Victory Party. He was in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies from 1995 to 1999 and again from 2003 to 2015. He was born in San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, Argentina. Vilariño died of cardiac arrest in Buenos Aires, Argentina on 8 April 2022 at the age of 60. Chris Bailey (musician) Christopher James Mannix Bailey (1957 – 9 April 2022) was an Australian singer-songwriter, musician and producer. He was the co-founder and singer of rock band the Saints. Bailey died on 9 April 2022 at the age of 65. Michael Degen Michael Degen (31 January 1932 – 9 April 2022) was a German-Israeli actor. His career began in 1963. His best known works were "Supermarket", "Beyond Good and Evil" and "Dr. M". Degen survived the Holocaust as a child in Berlin. His father died in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp in 1940. Degen died on 9 April 2022 in Hamburg, Germany at the age of 90. Sergei Yashin Sergei Anatolievich Yashin (6 March 1962 – 12 April 2022) was a Russian professional ice hockey left winger. Yashin played in the Soviet Hockey League for HC Dynamo Moscow. He was also a member of the Soviet Union national ice hockey team and played in the 1988 Winter Olympics where he won a gold medal. Yashin was born in Penza, Soviet Union. Yashin died on 12 April 2022 at the age of 60. Hans Junkermann Hennes "Hans" Junkermann (6 May 1934 – 11 April 2022) was a German professional racing cyclist who won 35 road races in 18 seasons from 1956 to 1973. He won the German National Road Race in 1959, 1960, and 1961. Junkermann was born in St. Tönis, near Krefeld, Rhine Province. He rode the Tour de France eight times. Junkermann died on 11 April 2022, aged 87. Mohammad Hussain (cricketer) Mohammad Hussain (8 October 1976 – 11 April 2022) was a Pakistani cricketer. He played in 2 Tests and 14 ODIs between 1996 and 1998. Hussain was born in Lahore, Pakistan. Hussain died on 11 April 2022 at a hospital in Lahore from problems caused by kidney disease, aged 45. Joe Horlen Joel Edward Horlen (August 14, 1937 – April 11, 2022) an American professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1961 to 1972 for the Chicago White Sox and Oakland Athletics. He was born in San Antonio, Texas. In 2017, it was announced that he had Alzheimer's disease. He died on April 11, 2022 at the age of 84. Gábor Görgey Gábor Görgey (born "Artúr Görgey"; 22 November 1929 – 11 April 2022) was a Hungarian writer, poet, director and politician. He was Minister of Culture between 2002 and 2003. Görgey died on 11 April 2022 in Solymár, Hungary at the age of 92. Eduardo Guardia Eduardo Refinetti Guardia (January 19, 1966 – ) was a Brazilian economist and politician. He was the Finance Minister of Brazil from 2018 to 2019 during the Michel Temer presidency. He was Executive Secretary of the Ministry of Finance from 2016 and 2018 and Secretary of the National Treasury in the early 2000s. In 2019, he became a partner in and the CEO of BTG Pactual Asset management. Guardia was born in São Paulo, Brazil. On April 11, 2022, it was announced that Guardia had died at the age of 56. 2022 New York City Subway attack On April 12, 2022, at approximately 8:45 AM, a gunman opened fire on a subway car at 36th Street Station in Brooklyn, New York City, United States. At least 29 people were injured, 10 of whom were hit by gunfire. Authorities said none of the injuries were life-threatening. The gunman was reported to have used a smoke bomb before firing. 62 year-old Frank Robert James, the suspect, was later arrested by police. He is reported to have addresses in Philadelphia and in Wisconsin. There is a $50,000 reward for information leading to James' arrest. New York City Mayor Eric Adams condemned the attack. Mohammad Feyz Sarabi Ayatollah Mohammad Feyz Sarabi (; 23 August 1928 – 11 April 2022) was an Iranian Shiite cleric and politician. He was a member of the 4th and 5thAssembly of Experts from the East Azerbaijan electorate from 2006 until his death. He was born in Sarab, East Azerbaijan, Iran. Feyz Sarabi died on 11 April 2022 in Qom, Iran at the age of 93. Daniel Defert Daniel Defert (born 10 September 1937) is a French sociologist and HIV/AIDS activist. He was a partner to academic Michel Foucault. Defert co-founded France's first AIDS advocacy group, AIDES, after Foucault's death from the disease. Estela Rodríguez Estela Rodríguez Villanueva (November 12, 1967 – April 10, 2022) was a Cuban judoka. She won silver medals at the 1992 and 1996 Summer Olympics. She used the illegal diuretic drug called furosemide at the 1996 Olympics, but was only issued a warning and was allowed to keep her medals. She was born in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Rodríguez died in Havana, Cuba on April 10, 2022 from cardiac arrest at the age of 54. Ray McKinley Ray McKinley (June 18, 1910 – May 7, 1995) was an American jazz drummer, singer, and bandleader. Early career. McKinley started working with local bands in the Dallas–Fort Worth area, before joining Smith Ballew in 1929, when he met Glenn Miller. The two formed a friendship that lasted from 1929 until Miller's death in 1944. McKinley and Miller joined the Dorsey Brothers in 1934. Miller left for Ray Noble in December 1934, while McKinley remained. After Dorsey brothers. The Dorsey brothers split in 1935. McKinley remained with Jimmy Dorsey until 1939, when he joined Will Bradley, becoming co-leader. McKinley's biggest hit with Bradley, as a singer, was "Beat Me Daddy, Eight to the Bar", which he recorded early in the year 1940 (and for which he got partial songwriting credit under his wife's maiden name Eleanore Sheehy). McKinley is referred to as "Eight Beat Mack" in the lyrics to the song "Down the Road a Piece," which he recorded as a trio with Will Bradley and Freddie Slack in 1940. This was the earliest recording of the song, which was written specifically for Bradley's band by Don Raye. McKinley and Bradley split in 1942 and McKinley formed his own band, which recorded for Capitol Records. The McKinley band was short-lived. When McKinley broke up the band, he joined Glenn Miller's Army Air Force band, which he co-led with arranger Jerry Gray after Miller's disappearance in December 1944. Upon being discharged at the end of the following year, McKinley formed an excellent, remarkably modern big band that featured a book of original material by legendary arranger Eddie Sauter (along with a helping of novelty vocals by the leader). Sam Butera, later of the back-up band for Louis Prima was also a member. But with the business in decline, by 1950 that band was history and McKinley began evolving into a part-time leader and sometime radio and TV personality. McKinley and Bradley split in 1942 and McKinley formed his own band, which recorded for Capitol Records. The McKinley band was short-lived. When McKinley broke up the band, he joined Glenn Miller's Army Air Force band, which he co-led with arranger Jerry Gray after Miller's disappearance in December 1944. Upon being discharged at the end of the following year, McKinley formed an excellent, remarkably modern big band that featured a book of original material by legendary arranger Eddie Sauter (along with a helping of novelty vocals by the leader). Sam Butera, later of the back-up band for Louis Prima was also a member. Ray McKinley's last recording session was in 1977 for Chirascuro records. Hazem Nuseibeh Hazem Zaki Nuseibeh (6 May 1922 – 10 April 2022), also spelled Nusseibeh and Nusaybah, was a Jordanian politician. He was Minister of Foreign Relations from 1962 until 1965. He was also a Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1976 until 1985. He was seen as one of the most important ideologists of Arab nationalism. Nuseibeh was born in Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine. Nuseibeh died on 10 April 2022, one month before his 100th birthday. Jill Knight Joan Christabel Jill Knight, Baroness Knight of Collingtree, (; 9 July 1923 – 6 April 2022) was a British politician. She was a member of the Conservative Party. She was a Member of Parliament from 1966 to 1997. She was later a member of the House of Lords from 1997 until 2016. She was appointed an MBE in 1964 and DBE in 1985. Knight was born in Bristol, England. Knight died on 6 April 2022, aged 98. Oleksandr Bakumenko Oleksandr Borysovych Bakumenko (; 29 April 1959 – 11 April 2022) was a Ukrainian politician. He was a member of European Solidarity. He was in the Verkhovna Rada from 2014 to 2019. Bakumenko died on 11 April 2022 at the age of 62. Andrea Brillantes Andrea Brillantes(born March 12,2003) is a Filipino actress. She is known for Marga Bartolome in the Filipino show "Kadenang Ginto" William Walker (cyclist) William Walker (born 31 October 1985) is a retired Australian professional road racing cyclist. He was born in Subiaco, Western Australia. He won a silver medal at the 2005 UCI World Championships. Walker retired in 2014 after having a case of ventricular tachycardia. Problem Child (movie) Problem Child is a 1990 American dark comedy movie directed by Dennis Dugan. It stars John Ritter, Michael Oliver, Amy Yasbeck, Gilbert Gottfried, Jack Warden, and Michael Richards. It was released on July 27, 1990 to strong negative critic reviews. It had two sequels, "Problem Child 2" (1991) and "" (1995). Chiara Frugoni Chiara Frugoni (4 February 1940 – 9 April 2022) was an Italian historian and academic. Her works focused in the Middle Ages and church history. She won the Viareggio Prize in 1994 for her essay, "Francesco e l'invenzione delle stimmate". She taught at the University of Pisa and at the University of Rome Tor Vergata. Frugoni died on 10 April 2022, at the age of 82. Chiasmocleis albopunctata The white-spotted humming frog ("Chiasmocleis albopunctata") is a frog that lives in Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil. Chiasmocleis leucosticta The Santa Catarina humming frog or Bokermann's humming frog ("Chiasmocleis leucosticta") is a frog that lives in Brazil. John Drew (basketball) John Edward Drew (September 30, 1954 – April 10, 2022) was an American professional basketball player. He played as a small forward. He played eleven seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1974 until 1984 for the Atlanta Hawks and Utah Jazz. Drew was a two-time NBA All-Star. Drew was born in Vredenburgh, Alabama. Drew died of bone cancer on April 10, 2022 in Houston, Texas at the age of 67. Philippe Boesmans Philippe Boesmans (17 May 1936 – 10 April 2022) was a Belgian composer. He was known for composing operas. Boesmans was born in Tongeren, Belgium. He was composer in residence at the La Monnaie opera house in Brussels. He also composed the opera "Reigen" was premiered in 1993. His opera "Au monde" won the International Opera Award 2015. Boesmans died after a short illness on 10 April 2022 in Brussels, Belgium, at the age of 85. 2022 Sacramento shooting On April 3, 2022, at around 2:00 a.m. PDT, a mass shooting happened in downtown Sacramento, California, United States. Six people were killed, and 12 others were injured. The shooting was caused by a gang fight between Bloods and Crips members. The shooting happened outside a well known bar and club area in Sacramento, blocks away from the California State Capitol building. The shooting caused damage to at least three buildings and three vehicles. "The Sacramento Bee" described it as the "worst mass shooting in Sacramento's history". Five shooters are suspected to be involved in the incident. President Joe Biden called on the United States Congress to work on new gun control measures. He proposed a requirement of checking people's background for gun purchases and a ban of ghost guns. Brent Rivera Brent Rivera is an American YouTuber and social media personality. He is mostly known for making funny videos on the video platforms TikTok and YouTube. Jim Kolbe James Thomas Kolbe (born June 28, 1942) is an American politician. He was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives for Arizona's 5th congressional district from 1985 until 2003 and for the 8th congressional district from 2003 until 2007. Kolbe came out as gay in August 1996 after his vote in favor of the Defense of Marriage Act. He won re-election that year. In 2000, he became the first openly gay person to address the Republican National Convention. In 2018, Kolbe left the Republican Party as a protest from President Donald Trump. Kolbe supported Joe Biden for president in the 2020 presidential election. Kacy Catanzaro Kacy Esther Catanzaro (born January 14, 1990) is an American professional wrestler, gymnast and television personality. She works for WWE on the NXT brand. Catanzaro was previously on "American Ninja Warrior". She was the first woman to complete a City Qualifiers course and the first woman to complete a City Finals course. Early life and education. Catanzaro was born in Glen Ridge, New Jersey. She grew up in nearby Belleville where she attended Belleville High School. Catanzaro is of Italian descent. She stands about 5 ft (1.524 m) tall and weighs . She began doing gymnastics at age 5. She attended Towson University in Towson, Maryland, from 2009 until 2012. At Towson, she studied early childhood education. Gymnastics career. Junior Olympic. Catanzaro was a Junior Olympic gymnast. She began her training at age 6. She reached level 10 in 2007 and competed at the 2007 New Jersey Level 10 State Championships. At the State Championships, she placed fifth in the Senior-A division. In 2008, Catanzaro competed at the 2008 New Jersey Level 10 State Championships. This time she placed third. This allowed her to compete at the 2008 Junior Olympic National Championships. She finished 23rd overall at Nationals. She finished 6th on the balance beam. NCAA. Catanzaro competed in gymnastics for Towson in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). She started in the 2009 season. Catanzaro helped the Towson Tigers gymnastics team win the Eastern College Athletic Conference Championships in 2009 and 2010. In 2012, her senior year, she was the Southeast Regional Gymnast of the Year. She was also the 2012 Eastern College Athletic Conference Gymnast of the Year and was the top-ranked gymnast in that conference for that year. Obstacle competitor career. American Ninja Warrior. Catanzaro worked for Alpha Warrior from February 2013. It is an obstacle-course gym in San Antonio, Texas. She spent two years training for "American Ninja Warrior". She did not complete the qualifying course in Venice, California, but was a wildcard at the 2013 finals. In 2014, Catanzaro became the first woman to finish the qualifying course of "American Ninja Warrior" (season 6). She made it up the warped wall on her second try at 5:26.18 at the Dallas qualifiers. She was ranked 21 out of 30 people. She was also the first woman to ever make it up the warped wall in competition. Later in 2014, Catanzaro competed in the Dallas finals of "American Ninja Warrior". She was the first woman to complete a city finals course. She was only the second woman to attempt it. The first was Jessie Graff in season 5). Catanzaro qualified for the national finals in Las Vegas with a time of 8 minutes, 59 seconds. No other woman competed in a City Finals course matched until 2019. Professional wrestling career. WWE. NXT (2017–present). On January 4, 2017, Catanzaro received a tryout with WWE at their WWE Performance Center. She had her first match at a NXT live event on April 19, in Sanford, Florida. She lost to Reina González. Catanzaro continued to make appearances during 2018. She wrestles as a face and takes inspiration from WWE's Alexa Bliss's slogan "Five Feet of Fury". This also refers to Catanzaro's own small size. The 2nd episode of the Mae Young Classic aired on September 12, Catanzaro had her first televised match, She beat Reina Gonzalez in the first round match. On Episode 5, she lost in the second round to Rhea Ripley. On January 27, 2019, Catanzaro had her first match on the main roster. She entered the Royal Rumble at number 19 and lasting 10:45. She was eliminated by Ripley. Her first NXT match was on March 13. In September 2019, it was reported that Catanzaro had quit the WWE and retired from professional wrestling because of a long term back injury. She returned on the January 15, 2020 episode of "NXT" in a women's battle royal. Catanzaro said that she took some time off because she had doubts about continuing in the Professional Wrestling business. On the September 16 episode of "NXT", Catanzaro teamed with Kayden Carter. They beat beat Jessi Kamea and Xia Li. The next week, she competed in a battle royal to chose the number one contender for the NXT Women's Championship. Catanzaro beat Indi Hartwell to reach the final four. She lost to Dakota Kai, with help from Candice LeRae. Catanzaro and Carter took part in the 2021 Women's Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic tournament. They beat Mercedes Martinez and Toni Storm in the quarterfinals. They were beaten by Dakota Kai and Raquel González in the semifinals. On the August 24 episode of "NXT", after beating Gigi Dolin and Jacy Jayne, Catanzaro and Carter said that they were going after the NXT Women's Tag Team Championship. They got their chance on the next episode but lost to champions Io Shirai and Zoey Stark. Bridgerton Bridgerton is an American series created by Chris Van Dusen and produced by Shonda Rhimes. It is based on Julia Quinn's novels set in the Regency era. It is Rhimes's first scripted Netflix show. "Bridgerton"s first season was released on Netflix on December 25, 2020. In April 2021, it was announced the series had been renewed for a third and fourth season. Plot. The Bridgerton siblings – Anthony, Benedict, Colin, Daphne, Eloise, Francesca, Gregory and Hyacinth – navigate the high London society in search of love, surrounded by friends and rivals . Each episode includes narration by Julie Andrews, who voices the anonymous and scandalous newsletter writer known as Lady Whistledown, who has knowledge of all the information in London, drawing everyone's interest, even Queen Charlotte. Unlike the novel, the show is set in a racially integrated London where people of color are members of the high society of London at that time , some with titles granted by the queen. Van Dusen says the series is not "color-blind" because "that would imply that color and race were never considered, when color and race are part of the show." Filming. Filming for the first season commenced in July 2019 and ended in late February 2020. "Bridgerton" was filmed in London and Bath, as well as at various estates and parks around England. Although the series takes place in London, most street scenes were filmed in Bath, York, and Chatham. The grounds of Wilton House were used for Hyde Park and the grounds of Somerley were used for Hampstead Heath. Garden scenes were filmed at Painshill near Cobham and the Commissioner's House in Chatham. Filming locations included Ranger's House in Greenwich (standing in for the Bridgerton House exterior); Halton House at RAF Halton (Bridgerton House interior, Featheringtons' interior); Wilton House (Simon's Hastings House, Clyvedon estate interior, throne room); Syon House and Badminton House (Hastings House); Castle Howard (Clyvedon estate); Coneysthorpe (Clyvedon village); Hampton Court Palace and Lancaster House (St. James's Palace); Holburne Museum (Lady Danbury's estate); Hatfield House (Featheringtons' interior); No. 1 Royal Crescent Production on the second season began in March 2021. Production for the second season ended on November 20, 2021. Music. Kris Bowers arranged the songs and soundtrack of the series. The series included contemporary covers from popular songs such as Ariana Grande's "Thank u next" and Taylor Swift's "Wildest dream". The first season of the series featured 19 songs and soundtracks. Release. "Bridgerton" was released on December 25, 2020. The teaser and promotional posters were released in the months prior. The second season was released on March 25, 2022. Reception. For the first season, the website Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 87% based on 97 reviews, with an average rating of 7.9/10. For the second season, Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 79% based on 76 reviews, with an average rating of 7.1/10. Impact. Following the series success, Netflix in May 2021 ordered a prequel series from Shonda Rhimes. It is to focus on the love life of young Queen Charlotte. Little Trees Little Trees (Also called Wunder Baum, Arbre Magique and Magic Tree in the United Kingdom until 2011) is a company that makes car fresheners shaped like evergreen trees. Little Trees is owned by Car Freshener Corporation. Little Trees are usually hung from rear-view mirrors. They were invented in 1952 by Julius Samann, a Jewish Canadian who left Germany to escape the Nazis. Little Trees usually last a month before losing their smell. In November 2015, Car Freshener Corporation made one hundred million USD a year. In 2022, it was making $84.5 million a year. History. Little Trees were invented in 1952 by Julius Sämann in a rented garage in Watertown, New York. Julius Samann was a Jew from Germany who left Germany and immigrated to Canada at the start of World War II to escape the Nazis. In Canada, Sämann studied the smell of Alpine Trees for five years. Sämann invented Little Trees after a milk driver complained to him about the smell of spilled milk. Julius Samann filed a patent for Little Trees in 1954. Little Trees was the first car freshener. Locations. The headquarters is in Watertown, New York, but it has 2 factories in total in the United States. The other factory is in Dewitt, Iowa. There used to be a third factory in Berlin, New Hampshire, but in April 2012 it was announced that it would close. Little Trees had several locations in Watertown in the 1950s and 1960s. Little Trees has around 310 people working at the factories in the United States. Little Trees is called Wunder Baum in Germany, Poland, Norway, Finland and Sweden. Little Trees is called Arbre Magique in France, Spain and Italy. Little Trees was called Magic Trees in the United Kingdom until they announced they would change their name to Little Trees in 2011. On March 22, 2020 the factory in Watertown, New York closed for a short time and fired many workers because of the Covid-19 pandemic. Cheryl Mayforth estimated that 20 to 30 percent of workers would be fired by the end of the pandemic. Trademark. The company is very serious about its trademark and has filed over 70 lawsuits. Laws against Little Trees. Hanging things from rear-view mirrors in a way that could make it hard for drivers to see is illegal in Quebec, Switzerland, and Luxembourg. It is also illegal in the United States states of Minnesota, California, Pennsylvania, Arizona, Illinois, and Texas. It is illegal to hang objects from rear-view mirrors in Virginia, but police can not stop a car for it. Popular uses. Little Trees has been in many movies. Little Trees is on the cover of Rear View, a 2004 novel made by Pete Duval. Movies. Little Trees have been in movies like Ocean's Eleven (2001). Little Trees were also in Uncut Gems (2019), (2020), Hooking Up (2020) and Lorelei (2020). In Seven (1995), Little Trees were hung from the ceiling in a room where a murder happened to hide the smell of a dead body. In The Fisher King Robin Williams wears a Little Tree around his neck. In Grumpy Old Men Walter Matthau hangs six Little Trees from the rear-view mirror to hide the smell of dead fish. Art. In 2009 Jack Williams made "Forest", he hung 350 Little Trees from the ceiling. He did it because he liked the smell of Little Trees. Chiasmocleis bicegoi The Cecilia humming frog ("Chiasmocleis bicegoi") is a frog that lives in Brazil. Scientists have only seen it in one place. Scientists used to think this was the same frog as "Chiasmocleis albopunctata", but they decided in 2018 that it is not. Tornado outbreak A tornado outbreak happens when a single storm creates multiple tornadoes. There have been many tornado outbreaks in the United States. A tornado outbreak can happen very quickly, or happen over the course of a few days. Deaths in March 1995 The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in March 1995. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting. Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source. Shrimad Vidyadheesh Teerth Swamiji Shrimad Vidhyadheesh Teerth Swami (born 10 October 1995), also referred to as Shri Vidhyadhish Teerth Swamiji, became head (Mathadipathi) of the Gokarna Partagali Math in July 2021. He is the 24th successive person of Gokarna Math according to "Guru Parampara." Head of Gokarna Partagali Math. Shrimad Vidhyadhish Teerth Swamiji, the predecessor Shrimad Vidyadhiraj Teerth Swamiji as mathadipathi, attained moksha on 19 July 2021. In accordance with the guru–shishya tradition followed by the math, He had initiated Vidhyadhish Teerth as the shishya who would succeed him upon his death and thus Vidhyadhish Teerth became the new mathadipathi. He officially took charge on 30 July 2021 at Partagali, Poinginim, Canacona, Goa. Chiasmocleis hudsoni Hudson's humming frog ("Chiasmocleis hudsoni") is a frog that lives in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, and Suriname. Kids Street Kids Street is an American pay television channel. It is operated by Condista Networks aimed at the 3 to 7-year-old Latino market in the United States. The channel launched on Comcast Xfinity systems on January 6, 2017. Operations. The channel operates an evening/late night block aimed at older audiences called Family Central Explorer. All programming aired on Kids Street is offered in English with Spanish available as a secondary audio program. The channel was added to Charter Spectrum on June 30, 2020. New name. In September 2020, the channel changed its name from "Kids Central" to its current name of "Kids Street." TV Venezuela TV Venezuela (also known as TVV) is a Venezuelan-American television channel. It airs in the United States for the Venezuelan diaspora. It features programming from many Venezualan television networks. Blood Hook Blood Hook is a 1986 American horror comedy movie directed by Jim Mallon and starring Mark Jacobs, Lisa Todd, Patrick Danz, Sara Hauser, Christopher Whiting, Paul Heckman. It was distributed by Troma Entertainment. Des McAnuff Desmond Steven McAnuff (born June 19, 1952) is the American-Canadian former artistic director of Canada's Stratford Festival and director of such Broadway musical theatre productions such as "Big River", "The Who's Tommy" and "Jersey Boys". Battle of Sievierodonetsk (2022) The Battle of Sievierodonetsk was a military engagement that started on 6 May 2022. It is located in the Luhansk Oblast; however, Russia uses another name, for the oblast - Luhansk People's Republic. By 29 May 2022, Russian forces were engaged in close quarters fighting with Ukrainian soldiers; Combat was taking place in the "middle of the city", according to media. On 25 June, Russian LPR forces captured the city and advanced on the nearby city of Lysychansk. Monégasque dialect Monégasque (; ; ) is the type of Ligurian spoken in Monaco, where it is the national language. Nicholas I of Montenegro Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš (; – 1 March 1921) was the ruler of Montenegro from 1860 to 1918. He was the prince from 1860 to 1910. He was the country's only king, which was from 1910 to 1918. After Austria-Hungary collapsed in 1918, Montenegro joined the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Adjoa Andoh Adjoa Andoh is a British actress. She is mostly known for playing Lady Dunbary in the Netflix series "Bridgerton". Didymosphenia geminata Didymosphenia geminata, commonly known as didymo or rock snot, is a species of diatom. Habitat. The current distribution of Didymospenia Geminata are mostly in: Lorraine Ashbourne Lorraine Ashbourne (born 10 April 1961) is a British actress. Phoebe Dynevor Phoebe Harriet Dynevor (; born 17 April 1995) is a British actress. She began her career as a child actress, appearing in the BBC One school-based drama series "Waterloo Road" (2009–2010). She then had recurring roles in the BBC drama series "Prisoners' Wives" (2012–2013) and "Dickensian" (2015–2016), the TV Land comedy-drama series "Younger" (2017–2021), and a main role in the Crackle crime series "Snatch" (2017–2018). Dynevor gained international fame for her role as Daphne Bridgerton in the Netflix period drama series "Bridgerton" (2020–present). Early life. Phoebe Harriet Dynevor was born on 17 April 1995 in Trafford, Greater Manchester. Dick Murphy Richard M. Murphy (born December 16, 1942) is a former American politician and lawyer. He was the 33rd mayor of San Diego, California from 2000 to 2005. Scinax nasicus The lesser snouted tree frog or common washroom frog ("Scinax nasicus") is a frog that lives in Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Bolivia. Vlak (video game) Vlak () is a 1993 freeware video game for DOS developed and published by Miroslav Němeček. The game was very popular because it cost nothing and was small, at only 13 kB. A sequel, Vlak 2, came out in 2002. Gameplay. The train is moved to collect cars, planes, diamonds and other objects, which are collected in attached wagons. Collecting all the objects unlocks the golden gate to the next level. If the train touches walls or wagons, the level restarts. There are 50 levels, which are available with passwords. Lovington, Illinois Lovington is a village in Moultrie County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,069 at the 2020 census. Harriet Cains Harriet Cains (born 17 September 1993) is a British actress. She is best known for her role as Jem Walker in the BBC Three series "In the Flesh". Jürgen Reents Jürgen Reents (5 August 1949 – 7 April 2022) was a German politician and journalist. He was born in Bremerhaven, West Germany. He was a member of the Alliance 90/The Greens. He was in the Bundestag between 1983 until 1985. Reents died on 7 April 2022, aged 72. Garrett Burnett Garrett "Rocky" Burnett (September 23, 1975 — April 11, 2022) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim of the National Hockey League in the 2003–04 season. Burnett died on April 11, 2022 at the age of 46. Larysa Khorolets Larysa Ivanivna Khorolets (; 25 August 1948 – 12 April 2022) was a Ukrainian actress and politician. She was the 1st Minister of Culture of Ukraine from 1991 until 1992 during Leonid Kravchuk presidency. Khorolets was born in Kyiv, Ukraine. Khorolets died on 12 April 2022 in Kyiv at the age of 73. Irina Vorobieva Irina Nikolayevna Vorobieva (; June 30, 1958 – April 12, 2022) was a Russian pair skater. She competed for the Soviet Union. She and Igor Lisovsky were the 1981 World champions and the 1981 European champions. They were married. She came in 4th at the 1976 Olympics. Vorobieva was born in Leningrad, Soviet Union. Vorobieva died on April 12, 2022 in Colorado Springs, Colorado at the age of 63. Michel Bouquet Michel Bouquet (6 November 1925 – 13 April 2022) was a French actor. He was in more than 100 movies from 1947 to 2020. He won the Best Actor European Film Award for "Toto the Hero" in 1991 and two Best Actor Césars for "How I Killed My Father" (2001) and "The Last Mitterrand" (2005). He received the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor in 2018. Bouquet was born in Paris, France. Bouquet died on 13 April 2022 at a hospital in Paris, aged 96. Charles Maurras Charles-Marie-Photius Maurras (; ; 20 April 1868 – 16 November 1952) was a French author, politician, poet, and critic. His philosophies influenced many 20th century ideologies. MS Achille Lauro The MS "Achille Lauro" was an Italian cruise ship registered in Naples and built between 1939 and 1947 in the Netherlands under the name of "Willem Ruys." It burned in the Indian Ocean off Somalia in 1994. She was hijacked by the Palestinian Liberation Front, where Jewish American Leon Klinghoffer was shot dead and thrown overboard from this cruise ship in 1985. Deaths in April 1995 The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in April 1995. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting. Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source. Royalism Royalism is the political ideology that supports a specific monarch (king, queen, or pretender) as head of state for a country. Royalism is not to the same as monarchism, which supports a monarchical system of government, but not always a specific monarch. For example, in 19th-century France, a royalist might be either a Legitimist, Bonapartist, or an Orléanist. First Italo-Ethiopian War The First Italo-Ethiopian War was a conflict between the Ethiopian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy during the Scramble for Africa from 1895 to 1896, initiated by the disputed Treaty of Wuchale where the Italians tried to convert Ethiopia into an Italian Protectorate. The Italians would invade Ethiopia from Eritrea until they would be besieged by the Ethiopian forces in the Fort of Mek'ele, finally the Italians would sign the Treaty of Addis Ababa where the conflict would end where the sovereignty of Ethiopia would be recognized, this would bring years later the consequence of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, which occurred between 1935 and 1936. Milan, Ohio Milan ( ) is a village in Erie and Huron counties in the U.S. state of Ohio. The population was 1,367 at the 2010 census. It is the birthplace of Thomas Alva Edison, the inventor of light bulb. Biomagnification Biological magnification or biomagnification is when we use several pesticides and other chemicals to protect our crops from diseases and pests. These chemicals get into our food-chain. They are either washed down into the soil or into the water bodies. From the soil, these are absorbed by the plants along with water and minerals. From the water bodies they are taken up by aquatic plants and animals. This is one of the ways in which they enter the food chain. As these chemicals are not biodegradable, they get accumulated progressively. As human beings occupy the top level in any food chain, the maximum concentration of these chemicals get accumulated in our bodies. This phenomenon is known as biological magnification. Scinax acuminatus The Mato Grosso snouted tree frog ("Scinax acuminatus") is a frog that lives in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil. It also lives in Paraguay, Argentina, and Bolivia. List of German scientists This is a list of German scientists. Colombey-les-Deux-Églises Colombey-les-Deux-Églises () is a commune in the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France. It was the home of Charles de Gaulle, leader of the French Resistance. Autograph book An autograph book is a book for collecting the autographs of others. Traditionally, they were exchanged among friends, colleagues, and classmates to fill with poems, drawings, personal messages, small pieces of verse, and other mementos. Maurrassisme Maurrassisme is a political ideology made by Charles Maurras during the 20th century, which is popular with the "Action française" movement. "Maurassisme" supports integral nationalism, monarchism, corporatism and national syndicalism. Bart Howard Bart Howard was the composer for the song "Fly Me to the Moon" also titled "In Other Words". Miguel Primo de Rivera Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, 2nd Marquess of Estella (8 January 1870 – 16 March 1930), was a dictator and military officer who was the Prime Minister of Spain from 1923 to 1930 during the Restoration era. John V of Portugal "Dom" John V (; 22 October 1689 – 31 July 1750) was King of Portugal from 9 December 1706 until his death in 1750. Joseph I of Portugal "Dom" Joseph I (, ; 6 June 1714 – 24 February 1777) was King of Portugal from 31 July 1750 until his death in 1777. Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I (Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Felician; ; 9 June 1640 – 5 May 1705) was the Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia. Neil Fanning Neil Fanning (born 12 April 1967) is an Australian actor, safety supervisor, stuntman and voice actor. He is best known for voicing the titular character in the live-action movie adaptation "Scooby-Doo" and its sequel "". Fanning's entertainment career has spanned over 30 years performing live shows and over 50 movie, commercial and television roles. Cebu North Road The Cebu North Road, also known as Cebu North Hagnaya Wharf Road is a road starting from Cebu City to San Remigio in the province of Cebu. History. The route markers were added in 2014, with National Route 8 (N8) for the Cebu to Danao section, and National Route 810 (N810) for the Danao to Bogo section. Empire of China (1915–1916) The Empire of China (1915-1916) was a short-lived nation (1915–1916), which was established by the president of China at that time, Yuan Shikai, who would be crowned Emperor of China since the Qing Empire collapsed during the 1911 Xinhai Revolution led by Sun Yat-sen. The Empire would disintegrate due to the period known as the Age of the Warlords, which separated China for many years. Lucas Lira Lucas Lira (born Lucas Lira Soares, 16 April 1994) is a Brazilian youtuber. Biography and career. Lira was born in Samambaia Norte, Brasilia, Brazil. He is the creator of the YouTube channel "Invento na Hora." It is one of the top 100 on YouTube Brazil. After high school, Lira studied web design. He also worked as a photo editor, clerk and lottery assistant. After this, he decided to create the channel Invento na Hora on YouTube . Lira began posting videos on YouTube in 2012. He wanted to express his opinions on many subjects in 2010 but did not have a camera for recordings until 2012. The name "Invento na Hora" came from the fact that he did not plan any scripts for the videos. It translates as "I invent on the spot" Glasses, bandanas and caps were part of the channel's early identity. He later stopped using them. In 2014, Lucas Lira was a part of the "Phenomenon of the Internet", from "the Eliana Program", on SBT. One of his 2013 videos had gone viral on the web. He did not win the competition but was ranked first in Twitter's Trending Topics. This gave "Invento na Hora" more visibility. In November 2014, Lucas Lira reached 1 million subscribers. Because of his recognition as a youtuber, he has participated in other television programs. These include "Legendários", "Programa Raul Gil" and "Domingo Legal" . In 2016, he wrote the book "Minha Vida Antes do Invento na Hora". It mainly tells stories from when he was younger. In the same year, he was the winner of "Entubados." It is a reality show for youtubers on the Sony channel. As of April 2022. the "Invento Na Hora" channel has more than 14 million subscribers. Lira also has almost 6 million Instagram followers and over 3 million Twitter followers . Personal life. Lira has been dating youtuber Sunaika Bruna de Souza since 2014. They became engaged to be married in 2020. They have been in several videos together since when they started dating. On July 5, 2020, it was announced that the two were expecting their first child. Their son, Noah de Souza Lira Soares, was born in February 2021. In 2015, Lucas left his parents' house and moved to São Paulo He lived there for 6 years. In 2021, he returned to live in Brasília. Vila Nova de Gaia Vila Nova de Gaia () is a city and a municipality in Porto District in Norte Region, Portugal. It is located south of the city of Porto on the other side of the Douro River. There was a population of 178,255 people in 2001. 2022 KwaZulu-Natal floods In April 2022, many days of heavy rain across KwaZulu-Natal in southeastern South Africa caused deadly floods. Areas that were affected were in and around Durban. At least 306 people have been reported dead, and several thousand homes were damaged or destroyed. It is the deadliest storm in South African history, one of the deadliest natural disasters in the country in the 21st century, and the deadliest storm since the 2019 Durban Easter floods. Charnett Moffett Charnett Moffett (June 10, 1967 – April 11, 2022) was an American jazz bassist. Moffett began playing bass in the family band in 1975 at the age of eight. In the mid-1980s, he played with Wynton Marsalis and Branford Marsalis. In 1987 he recorded his debut album "Netman" for Blue Note Records. He also performed on many movie soundtracks, including "Glengarry Glen Ross" (1992),"The Visit" (2001) and "The Score" (2001). Moffett died at a hospital in Stanford, California on April 11, 2022 from a heart attack, aged 54. Letizia Battaglia Letizia Battaglia (; 5 March 1935 – 13 April 2022) was an Italian photographer and photojournalist. She was born in Palermo, Italy. Her photos were about the Sicilian Mafia and life in Sicily. Battaglia died on 13 April 2022 in Cefalù, Italy at the age of 87. Cefalù Cefalù (), the classical Cephaloedium (), is a city and comune in the Italian Metropolitan City of Palermo. French language in Lebanon The French language in Lebanon started in 1920 after the French conquered Syria and Lebanon from the Ottomans after World War One. Ever since then the French language has been influenced in the Lebanese dialect, such as with “Bonjour kifak”. "Bonjour" means "Good morning" in French, and "Kifak" means "How are You?" in the Lebanese dialect of Arabic. The two languages are combined to say "Hello, How are you?" in conversation. Desai Williams Desai Williams (June 12, 1959 – April 2022) was a Canadian sprinter. He won an Olympic bronze medal in 4 x 100 metres relay in 1984 Summer Olympics. He was born in Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis. Williams was fired as a coach by Athletics Canada in 2015. An investigation found that Williams had violated the organization's sexual harassment policy while a coach in 2010. In 2018, he was handed a lifetime ban by Athletics Canada. Williams died in April 2022 at the age of 62. Freddy Rincón Freddy Eusebio Rincón Valencia (; 14 August 1966 – 13 April 2022) was a Colombian professional footballer. He played 84 games for the Colombia national team between 1990 and 2001. He was born in Buenaventura, Colombia. At club level he played for Independiente Santa Fé, América de Cali (Colombia), Napoli (Italy), Real Madrid (Spain), Palmeiras, Santos, and Corinthians (Brazil). His playing career lasted from 1986 until 2004. On 11 April 2022, Rincón was hospitalized with head injuries after being in a car crash in Cali, Colombia. He died two days later from his injuries, aged 55. Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca Buenaventura is a coastal seaport city in the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia (South America). Buenaventura (Spanish for "good fortune") is the main port of Colombia in the Pacific Ocean. The city is part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network after it was named "City of Gastronomy" in 2017. Artocarpus integer Artocarpus integer is a green, scaly fruit that is normally shaped like a pear. Rashad al-Alimi Rashad Muhammad al-Alimi (born 1954) is a Yemeni politician. He is the Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council since 7 April 2022. Jonathan Bailey Jonathan Bailey is a British actor. He has had roles in shows such as "Leonardo","Broadchurch" (2013–15), "W1A" , and "Crashing" (2016). In 2020,he was cast for the role of Viscount Anthony Bridgerton in the Netflix series "Bridgerton". H.E.R. Gabriella Sarmiento Wilson (born June 27, 1997), known professionally as H.E.R. (an acronym for "Having Everything Revealed"), is an American R&B singer-songwriter and actress. She won two Grammy Awards in 2019, another one in 2021 and the Academy Award for Best Original Song also in 2021. Early life. Gabriella Sarmiento Wilson was born in Vallejo, California to a Filipina-American mother and an African American father and raised in California's San Francisco Bay Area. Career. Her first album "H.E.R." (2017), was nominated for five Grammy Awards, winning Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Album. Her second album, "I Used to Know Her", was nominated for five Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year and Song of the Year for "Hard Place". In 2021, she won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year for "I Can't Breathe" and the Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Fight for You" from the movie "Judas and the Black Messiah" with her also winning the Grammy Award for Best Traditional R&B Performance. Her debut full-length album "Back of My Mind" was released in June 2021. In August 2021, she was cast in the upcoming movie remake version of "The Color Purple", playing the role of Squeak. Ruby Barker Ruby Barker (born 23 December 1996) is a British actress. She is best known for playing Marina Thompson in the Netflix television series Bridgerton. Castle of Macconago Macconago Castle () is a castle defensive of medieval origin in the ancient village of Macconago, a locality in the municipality of Milan near the Prada Foundation, inside the Mirasole Oasis. History. The history of the castle of Macconago dates back to 1030 when a square defensive structure was first erected, completed in 1040 with the construction of a series of watchtowers. The structure was entrusted in castellania to the Pusterla family (whose coats of arms can still be admired today at the two main entrances on the front and back), which however fell out of favor with the Visconti, who definitively requisitioned the castle, later entrusted to the Vimercati family, then passing to the Calchi family, the Marliani, the Ferrario, the Tarlaini, the Greppi and the Gavanas, current owners of the structure. Structure. The structure of the castle, with the typical square plan, has watchtowers and embattled walkways that have also undergone various transformations and extensions over the centuries. The castle is organized on three floors, of which the only original from the fourteenth century is in the basement, being the one less altered by subsequent interventions. Inside, the structure retains traces of Renaissance-era graffiti. On the ground floor there are also some period stables. In front of the castle there is also a church dating back to the 18th century. Bessie Carter Bessie Beatrice Carter (born 25 October 1993) is an British actress. She is known for her role as Evie Wilcox on the BBC television series "Howards End" (2017) and Violet Woodhouse on the ITV television series "Beecham House" (2019). Nicola Coughlan Nicola Mary Coughlan (born 9 January 1987) is an Irish actress. She is mostly known for playing the role of Penelope Fetherington in the Netflix series Bridgerton. Castle of Cassino Scanasio Cassino Scanasio Castle () is a castle defensive of medieval origin. It is in the ancient village of Rozzano near the Prada Foundation, inside the Mirasole Oasis. History. The Castle of Cassino Scanasio dates back to 1000 AD. In some documents, the presence of a fortified rural building called " “casinae scanasane” " with appurtenances on the surrounding land is mentioned for the first time. The real turning point for the structure came at the beginning of the sixteenth century when the complex was bought by the Milanese family of Trivulzio. They changed it from a fortress into a real country house, having the characteristic towers built cylindrical. In 1836, the castle was bought by the Visconti di Modrone family. Structure. The castle, with a quadrangular structure, stands near the West Milan ring road, in a position that was once strategic for controlling both access to the capital of the Duchy of Milan from that point and the surrounding countryside. Once surrounded by a moat with water, the same was filled by hiding the base of the towers which therefore appear more squat than normal, and which were built after the walls. Access to the structure is possible through a brick ravelin that replaces what once must have been a wooden drawbridge. It is accessed through the masonry bridge that connects to the main entrance on whose key of the arch the visonteo snake is imprinted. Castle of Tolcinasco Tolcinasco Castle () is a medieval defensive castle in the ancient village of Tolcinasco, a locality in the municipality of Opera near the Prada Foundation, inside the Mirasole Oasis. History. The Tolcinasco Castle was built by the D'Adda family in the sixteenth century. It is a rare example of an agricultural fortress to protect the surrounding countryside and the food supplies contained within it. The castle, with the surrounding land, has become the seat of a golf course, started by Arnold Palmer. In 2018, after restoration, the castle was reopened to visitors. Structure. The castle is a large block structure, with four towers on the sides that defended the granary inside. The ground floor, less than three meters high, was originally a food store, and was accessible from the wagons directly from the outside for loading and unloading. Access to the main floor of the building was by outdoor stairways. Around the castle today there are the large farmhouses where the farmers who worked for the estate lived, together with the stables for farmed animals. Roman Dmowski Roman Stanisław Dmowski ( , 9 August 1864 – 2 January 1939) was a Polish politician and co-founder of the National Democracy political movement. Angerme , previously , is a Japanese idol girl group from the musical collective Hello! Project. There have been nine generations and twelve departures. In November 2021, the group had nine members. History. 2009: Formation. On April 4, Tsunku announced on his blog that a new girl group consisting of Hello! Pro Egg members would be formed. The members would consist of Ayaka Wada, Yuuka Maeda, and Kanon Fukuda, all formerly of Shugo Chara Egg!, as well as fellow Egg Saki Ogawa. The group leader was Ayaka. A month later, on May 7, 2009, he revealed that the group would be called "Smileage". 2010: Debut. After releasing three singles, Tsunku announced that the group would become a full-time group in the spring of 2010 and their debut was set for May 2010. The group made their official event debut in Nagoya on March 19, with their fourth single "Otona ni Narutte Muzukashii!!!", released March 14, their first release on the Up-Front Works label. Their first major single, "Yume Miru Fifteen", was released on May 26. Their debut album, "Warugaki 1", was released on December 8, 2010. On December 30, Smileage received the Japan Record Award for Best New Artist. Fulwell Fulwell may refer to: Tumbleweed Connection Tumbleweed Connection is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Elton John. It was released in October 1970 in the UK and in January 1971 in the United States. It was largely inspired by country and western music. Songs in the album. All tracks are written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin, except where noted. Tidewater The Tidewater region is a low-lying region in the state of Virginia. It's well known for the Tidewater Accent. Cajun English Cajun English is a dialect spoken predominantly by Cajuns in southern Louisiana. It can be described as being akin to AAVE with some French zest. Features of this dialect include nonrhoticity r-dropping, glide deletion of the long "i", possible h-dropping, similar grammar to AAVE, etc. H-dropping H-dropping, also called h-deletion is the omission of the letter "h" from the beginning of words making "house" and "herb sound like " ouse " and "erb" Rui Barbosa State School Rui Barbosa State School a Brazilian school located in Campo Grande, founded on March 1, 1972. History. In 1970, 3 rooms were built for catechesis, a missionary work of the Salesians, at the request of parents who were already working in the community. Literacy classes started in October. In 1971, 14 more classrooms were built, in a joint effort by the community. The construction material was donated by the Campo Grande society linked to the Salesian Mission. Promotions were carried out with the objective of seeking financial resources to complete the work. As the SED proves the need to create and authorize the Paulo VI Parish Gymnasium to operate, as of March 1, 1972, an agreement was signed between SED and the Paulo VI Social Work, creating the Rui Barbosa State College. This name was chosen due to the death of Rui Barbosa . Ilkka Kanerva Ilkka Armas Mikael Kanerva (28 January 1948 – 14 April 2022) was a Finnish politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1975 until 2022. He was born in Lokalahti, now a part of Uusikaupunki, Finland. Kanerva was Deputy Prime Minister of Finland for a few months in 1991. Kanerva was the Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2007 to 2008. Kanerva was a member of the National Coalition Party. Kanerva was the Minister of Labour from 1975 until 2022. Kanerva died after a short-illness in Turku, Finland on 14 April 2022 at the age of 74. Russian cruiser Moskva Moskva (), formerly Slava (), was a guided missile cruiser of the Russian Navy. She was named after the city of Moscow. She was the flagship of the Russian Black Sea Fleet and had led Russia's naval assault on Ukraine. It had a crew of 510. On 13 April 2022, two Ukrainian officials said that "Moskva" had been hit by Ukrainian anti-ship missiles and exploded. The Russian Ministry of Defense said the ship was seriously damaged after a fire caused a munitions explosion. The next day, the ship had sunk. Rear-view mirror A Rear-view mirror is a mirror inside of a vehicle. Hanging objects from rear-view mirrors. Hanging objects like Little Trees from rear-view mirrors is illegal in Luxembourg, Switzerland, and Quebec. Sonny Caldinez Sonny Caldinez (1 July 1932 – 12 April 2022) was a Trinidadian actor and professional wrestler. He played many Ice Warriors on the British programme "Doctor Who" and also in the movies such as "The Man with the Golden Gun", "Raiders of the Lost Ark", "Ali G Indahouse", "Arabian Adventure" and "The Fifth Element". Caldinez died on 12 April 2022, at the age of 89. Alex Gilady Alex Gilady (9 December 1942 – 13 April 2022) was an Iranian-born Israeli journalist and sports official. Gilady became a sports commentator for television in 1968. From 1981 to 1996, he was vice president of the channel NBC Sports, and from 1985 to 2008 he was the Chairman of the Television Commission of the IAAF. In 1994, Gilady became a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). In 2020, Gilady was Vice-Chairman for the Coordination Commission for the 2020 Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo. Gilady died on 13 April 2022 in London, England from cancer, aged 79. Deaths in May 1995 The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in May 1995. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting. Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source. Four Books and Five Classics The Four Books and Five Classics (Chinese: 四書五經; pinyin: "Sìshū Wǔjīng") are books about Confucianism written in China before 300 BCE. The Four Books and Five Classics are the most important books written about Chinese Confucianism. Four Books. The Four Books (四書; "Sìshū") are Chinese classic texts that explain the important parts of Confucianism. During the Song dynasty, Zhu Xi chose them because he thought they would help people learn more about Confucianism. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, people who wanted to take the civil service examination had to read them. The Four Books are: Great Learning This book was originally one chapter in the "Book of Rites." The main part of the book is a short section which people believe Confucius wrote. There are also nine chapters of commentary written by Zengzi, who was one of Confucius's students. Zengzi wrote that this book is the "gateway to learning." Doctrine of the Mean This book was originally another chapter in the "Book of Rites". The purpose of this small, 33-chapter book is to explain the way that people should live by following certain Confucian rules. It focuses on the Way (道) that everyone should follow, not just leaders. If people follow these instructions by learning and teaching, it will automatically result in a Confucian virtue. Because the way to perfect virtue has been explained, it is not difficult to follow. Analects This book is a collection of speeches that Confucius and his students gave. This book also contains discussions they had with each other. Analetics had a big impact on philosophy and morals in China, as well as other countries in East Asia. Mencius This book is a collection of conversations that the scholar Mencius had with different kings. Five Classics. The Five Classics (五經; "Wǔjīng") are five Chinese books that were written before the Qin dynasty. They are part of the traditional Confucian canon. Several of the books were already well-known by the Warring States period. Mencius, the main Confucian scholar at that time, thought that the "Spring and Autumn Annals" were just as important as the very well-known books written in earlier periods. During the Western Han dynasty, which used Confucianism as its official ideology, these books became part of the state-sponsored curriculum. During this time period, people started to think of these books as belonging together in a set, and to call them the "Five Classics". The Five Classics are: Classic of Poetry This book is a collection of 305 poems. It has 160 folk songs, 105 festal songs which were sung during court ceremonies, and 40 hymns and eulogies which were sung during sacrifices to heroes and the spirits of people's ancestors. Book of Documents This book is a collection of documents and speeches. People believe they were written by rulers and officials during and before the early Zhou period. It might be the oldest Chinese narrative, and could be as old as the 6th century BC. It has early examples of Chinese prose. Book of Rites This book explains how ancient rites and ceremonies were performed. The version of this book that people are currently studying was edited by scholars in the 3rd century BC, and is not the original. The original book may have been edited by Confucius himself. I Ching (Book of Changes) This book explains a divination system to predict the future. It is similar to Western geomancy and African Ifá. In Western cultures and East Asia, people still use it to predict the future. Spring and Autumn Annals This book is a historical record of the State of Lu from 722–481 BC. The State of Lu is where Confucius was from. The "Classic of Music" is sometimes considered the sixth classic but was lost. Right to a healthy environment The right to a healthy environment or the right to a supportable and healthy environment is a human right. It is openly supported by human rights organizations and environmental organizations. The purpose is to protect the ecological systems that provide human health. The right was accepted by the United Nations Human Rights Council. It was during its 48th session in October 2021 in HRC/RES/48/13. The right is often based on the human rights defense by environmental defenders. Examples include land defenders, water protectors and indigenous rights activists. Connections with other rights. The right is connected with other health-focused human rights. Examples include the human right to water and cleanliness, right to food and right to health. The right to a healthy environment uses a human rights propose to protect the quality of environment. This addresses the results of environmental harm upon individual humans. It is as opposed to the more traditional point of view of environmental regulation. It focuses on results to other states or the environment itself. Another point of view to environmental protection is the rights of nature. It tries to extend the rights enjoyed by humans as well as teamworks to nature. Role of the state. The right creates a duty of the state. The duties include regulation and enforcement of environmental laws, control of pollution, and justice and protections for communities harmed by environmental problems. The right to a healthy environment has been an important right for creating environmental legal examples for climate change litigation and other environmental issues. International Approaches. In the past, there were major United Nations' human rights tools like the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. These do not recognize the right to a healthy environment. The 1972 Stockholm Declaration recognizes the right but is not a legally binding document. The 1992 Rio Declaration does not use the language of human rights. However, it says that individuals shall have access to information on environmental matters, participation in decision-making and access to justice. The currently proposed UN resolution is the "Global Pact for the Environment". If it is adopted, it would be the first UN human rights instrument to include the right to a healthy environment. Recognition. Over 150 states in the UN have independently recognized the right in some form through legislation, legal action, constitutional law, treaty law or other legal authority. The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, American Convention on Human Rights, Escazu Agreement, Arab Charter on Human Rights, and ASEAN Declaration on Human Rights each include a right to a healthy environment. There are other human rights frameworks such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child. They refer to environmental issues as they relate to the framework's focus, in this case children's rights. UN responses. UN Special Rapporteurs on Human Rights and the Environment John H. Knox (2012–2018) and David R. Boyd (2018–) have recommended on how to formalize these rights in international law. This was signed on back by many committees at the UN level. Besides, it was also backed by many local legal communities such as the New York City Bar, in 2020. Importance. The right to a healthy environment is the most important to the international approach to human rights and climate change. The effects of climate change on human rights are presented by OHCHR in a fact sheet with the most frequently asked questions on the subject. Carousel (TV channel) Karusel TV or Karusel International, also known by its transliterated Russian name Karusel, is a Russian television channel for children and youth. It was founded by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev. It is currently available in Russia, in France via Free and in the United States via DirecTV. Shows. Carousel programming consists of a wide range of shows ranging from original animated and live-action Russian productions to famous cartoons from around the world. All of them are either dubbed or voiceover-translated into the Russian language. The schedule changes on an almost weekly basis. History. Carousel was created in 2010 after Bibigon (Бибигон) and TeleNanny (ТелеНяня) merged to form the new channel. The first program shown was "Team Jump-Jump" (Прыг-Скок Команда) Mickey Mouse Funhouse Mickey Mouse Funhouse is an American computer-animated children's television series created by Phil Weinstein and Thomas Hart. Schedule. The series debuted with a special on July 16, 2021, and was followed by the official premiere on Disney Junior on August 20. In October 2021, the series was renewed for a second season. Disney Junior created the series to continue its pattern of original pre-school animated series set within the Mickey Mouse universe. Many key members of the creative team of "Mickey Mouse Mixed-Up Adventures" developed the series. Premise. Mickey Mouse returns with his friends Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Daisy Duck, Goofy and Pluto. The friends meet Funny, an energetic playhouse. Funny magically moves the group of friends to a range of destinations which allows them to embark on adventures unique to that land. He can also change his shape and to match the new surroundings. He can even project his face on any surface to talk with Mickey and friends. Whispering Smith Whispering Smith is a 1948 American western movie directed by Leslie Fenton and was based on the novel of the same name. It stars Alan Ladd, Robert Preston, Brenda Marshall, Donald Crisp, Fay Holden, William Demarest, Murvyn Vye, Ward Wood and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. Glenn Lundy Terralba Terralba ("Terràba") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 10,257 people lived there. Its area is 49.8 km². It is 12 meters above sea level. Tertenia Tertenia ("Tertenìa") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 3,936 people lived there. Its area is 117.65 km². It is 129 meters above sea level. Teti, Sardinia Teti ("Tèti") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 674 people lived there. Its area is 43.91 km². It is 714 meters above sea level. Teulada, Sardinia Teulada ("Teulàda") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 3,604 people lived there. Its area is 246.19 km². It is 50 meters above sea level. Thiesi Thiesi ("Tièsi") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 2,986 people lived there. Its area is 63.25 km². It is 461 meters above sea level. Tiana, Sardinia Tiana ("Tìana") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 499 people lived there. Its area is 19.32 km². It is 564 meters above sea level. Tinnura Tinnura ("Tinnùra") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 245 people lived there. Its area is 3.85 km². It is 328 meters above sea level. Tissi Tissi ("Tissi") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 2,402 people lived there. Its area is 10.24 km². It is 250 meters above sea level. Tonara Tonara ("Tonàra") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 2,019 people lived there. Its area is 52.02 km². It is 900 meters above sea level. Torpè Torpè ("Torpè") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 2,869 people lived there. Its area is 91.5 km². It is 24 meters above sea level. Torralba, Sardinia Torralba ("Turàlva") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 974 people lived there. Its area is 36.5 km². It is 435 meters above sea level. Tortolì Tortolì ("Tortolì") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 11,064 people lived there. Its area is 40.29 km². It is 13 meters above sea level. Tramatza Tramatza ("Tramàtza") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 977 people lived there. Its area is 16.8 km². It is 19 meters above sea level. Tratalias Tratalias ("Tratalìas") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,085 people lived there. Its area is 31 km². It is 17 meters above sea level. Tresnuraghes Tresnuraghes ("Tresnuràghes") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,159 people lived there. Its area is 31.58 km². It is 257 meters above sea level. Triei Triei ("Trièi") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,110 people lived there. Its area is 32.98 km². It is 140 meters above sea level. Trinità d'Agultu e Vignola Trinità d'Agultu e Vignola ("La Trinitàie Vignòla") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 2,245 people lived there. Its area is 134 km². It is 365 meters above sea level. Tuili Tuili ("Tuìli") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,023 people lived there. Its area is 24.59 km². It is 208 meters above sea level. Tula, Sardinia Tula ("Tùla") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,569 people lived there. Its area is 66.19 km². It is 275 meters above sea level. Turri Turri ("Tùrri") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 422 people lived there. Its area is 9.6 km². It is 164 meters above sea level. Ula Tirso Ula Tirso ("Ula") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 570 people lived there. Its area is 18.85 km². It is 348 meters above sea level. Ulassai Ulassai ("Ulàssa") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,457 people lived there. Its area is 122.41 km². It is 775 meters above sea level. Uras Uras ("Ùras") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 2,856 people lived there. Its area is 39.24 km². It is 23 meters above sea level. Uri, Sardinia Uri ("Uri") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 3,009 people lived there. Its area is 56.81 km². It is 150 meters above sea level. Urzulei Urzulei ("Orthullè") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,231 people lived there. Its area is 129.64 km². It is 511 meters above sea level. Usellus Usellus ("Usèddus") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 773 people lived there. Its area is 35.07 km². It is 289 meters above sea level. Usini Usini ("Ùsini") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 4,365 people lived there. Its area is 30.74 km². It is 200 meters above sea level. Tula Tula may refer to: Ussana Ussana ("Ùssana") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 4,198 people lived there. Its area is 32.82 km². It is 97 meters above sea level. Ussaramanna Ussaramanna ("Soramànna") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 547 people lived there. Its area is 9.76 km². It is 157 meters above sea level. Ussassai Ussassai ("Ussàssa") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 568 people lived there. Its area is 47.32 km². It is 710 meters above sea level. Valledoria Valledoria ("Codaruìna") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 4,319 people lived there. Its area is 25.95 km². It is 16 meters above sea level. Vallermosa Vallermosa ("Biddaramòsa") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,932 people lived there. Its area is 61.75 km². It is 70 meters above sea level. Viddalba Viddalba ("Vidda 'ècchja") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,718 people lived there. Its area is 50.41 km². It is 22 meters above sea level. Villa Sant'Antonio Villa Sant'Antonio ("Sant'Antòni") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 352 people lived there. Its area is 19.05 km². It is 249 meters above sea level. Villa Verde Villa Verde ("Bàini") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 319 people lived there. Its area is 17.65 km². It is 204 meters above sea level. Villacidro Villacidro ("Biddade Cidru, Biddexìdru") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 14,076 people lived there. Its area is 183.48 km². It is 267 meters above sea level. Villagrande Strisaili Villagrande Strisaili ("Biddamànna Strisàili") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 3,248 people lived there. Its area is 210.35 km². It is 700 meters above sea level. Villamar Villamar ("Mara Arbarèi") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 2,727 people lived there. Its area is 38.53 km². It is 108 meters above sea level. Villaperuccio Villaperuccio ("Sa Baronìa") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,101 people lived there. Its area is 36.43 km². It is 68 meters above sea level. Villaputzu Villaputzu ("Biddepùtzi") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 4,763 people lived there. Its area is 181.31 km². It is 11 meters above sea level. Villasalto Villasalto ("Biddesàtu") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,052 people lived there. Its area is 130.36 km². It is 502 meters above sea level. Villamassargia Villamassargia ("Bidda Matzràxia") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 3,604 people lived there. Its area is 91.39 km². It is 121 meters above sea level. Villanova Monteleone Villanova Monteleone ("Biddanòa Monteleòne") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 2,304 people lived there. Its area is 202.68 km². It is 567 meters above sea level. Villanova Truschedu Villanova Truschedu ("Biddanòa Truschèdu") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 305 people lived there. Its area is 16.61 km². It is 56 meters above sea level. Villanova Tulo Villanova Tulo ("Biddanòa'e Tùlu") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,095 people lived there. Its area is 40.45 km². It is 600 meters above sea level. Villanovaforru Villanovaforru ("Biddanòa de Fòrru") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 672 people lived there. Its area is 10.93 km². It is 324 meters above sea level. Villanovafranca Villanovafranca (Biddanoa Franca, Bidda Noa Franca in Sardinian) is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Italian region of Sardinia, located about north of Cagliari and about northeast of Sanluri. As of 2016, 1,345 people lived there. Its area is 27.59 km². It is 292 meters above sea level. Villasimius Villasimius ("Crabonàxa") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 3,711 people lived there. Its area is 57.97 km². It is 49 meters above sea level. Villasor Villasor ("Bidd'e Sòrris") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 6,929 people lived there. Its area is 86.79 km². It is 25 meters above sea level. Villaspeciosa Villaspeciosa ("Biddaspitziòsa") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 2,570 people lived there. Its area is 27.19 km². It is 7 meters above sea level. Villaurbana Villaurbana ("Biddobràna") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,643 people lived there. Its area is 58.7 km². It is 110 meters above sea level. Zeddiani Zeddiani ("Tzeddiàni") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,151 people lived there. Its area is 11.81 km². It is 10 meters above sea level. Zerfaliu Zerfaliu ("Tzorfolìu") is a town and "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia, Italy. As of 2016, 1,092 people lived there. Its area is 15.56 km². It is 15 meters above sea level. Unix time Current Unix time<br> <br>() Unix time is the number of seconds that have passed since the initial epoch defined as Tuesday 1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC. It is used mostly in Unix-like and many other operating systems. People can check Unix time on most Unix systems by typing on the command line. Namcha Barwa Namcha Barwa is a mountain in the Himalayas range, in Tibet. It is the 28th highest mountain in the world. From 1976 to 1992, it was the highest unclimbed mountain on Earth. The first people to reach the top were Kazuo Yamamoto, Hiroshi Aota, Atsushi Yamamoto, Jiabu, Chirenduoji, and Biamba Zaxi, in 1992. Bill de Blasio 2020 presidential campaign The 2020 presidential campaign of Bill de Blasio, the mayor of New York City, began on May 16, 2019 with his announcement that he is running for the Democratic nomination. He released a YouTube video in which he stated "I’m Bill de Blasio and I’m running for president because it’s time we put working people first". He withdrew from the race on September 20, 2019. Nobuo Sekine Nobuo Sekine (関根伸夫, Sekine Nobuo; September 19, 1942 – May 13, 2019), was a Japanese sculptor. He was one of the key members of Mono-ha, a group of artists who became known in the late 1960s and 1970s. He was born in Saitama, Japan. In October 1968, he created his best known work "Phase: Mother Earth" in Kobe’s Suma Rikyu Park for the "First Open Air Contemporary Sculpture Exhibition" (第一回野外彫刻展). Sekine died on May 13, 2019 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 76. Bill Workman William Douglas Workman III (July 3, 1940 – May 12, 2019) was an American businessman and Republican politician. He was the mayor of Greenville, South Carolina from 1983 to 1995. Workman was born in Charleston, South Carolina. He was also the town manager of Bluffton. Career. In 2014, Workman retired in Walterboro. He wrote about his business and political career as follows, "Economic development is what I have done for a living and for fun. ... Economic development is a high calling as far as I am concerned," upon receiving in Columbia the designation of "South Carolina Economic Ambassador". Workman died on May 12, 2019, in Walterboro at the age of 78. Bluffton, South Carolina Bluffton is a city in Beaufort County, South Carolina, United States. The population was counted by the 2010 census at 12,893. It is the fastest growing municipality in South Carolina with a population over 2,500, growing 882.7% between the 2000 and 2010 census. Bluffton is the fifth largest city in South Carolina by land area. Vasili Blagov Vasili Vyacheslavovich Blagov (; 29 October 1954 − 9 May 2019) was a Russian pair skater. He competed for the Soviet Union. He and partner Irina Cherniaeva finished 6th at the 1972 Winter Olympics. He finished first at the Soviet Championships in 1972, and second in 1973. With Natalia Dongauzer, he won the silver medal at the 1973 Prize of Moscow News. He was born in Moscow. Blagov died on 9 May 2019, at the age of 64. Beatrix Philipp Beatrix Philipp ("née" Hellweg; 7 July 1945 – 1 May 2019) was a German politician. She was a member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). She served on the city council of Düsseldorf from 1975 to 1985. She was a member of the Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia from 1985 to 1994. In 1994, she was elected to the national Bundestag, serving until 2013. Outside of politics, Philipp was a headmistress. Philipp was born in Mönchengladbach. She had two children and was a Roman Catholic. Philipp died on 1 May 2019 in Düsseldorf. She was 73. Haskell Indian Nations University The Haskell Indian Nations University is a university in Lawrence, Kansas, a city in northeastern Kansas. It has free tuition for all Native Americans. About 1000 people attend the university. The university was created in 1884. History. Haskell Indian Nations University was built in 1884. It was called the United States Indian Industrial Training School. It changed its name to Haskell Institute in 1887. Its name changed to Haskell Indian Nations University in 1993. Haskell offered its first four-year bachelor degree program in elementary teacher education. Junko Tabei was a Japanese mountaineer. She was the first woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest. She completed her climb of Mount Everest in 1975. She was also the first woman to climb all Seven Summits by climbing the highest peak on every continent. She was born in Miharu, Fukushima. Tabei died of peritoneal cancer on 20 October 2016 in Kawagoe, Saitama. She was 77. List of territorial entities where English is an official language The following is a list of territories where English is an official language. As of 2019, there were 55 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign states where English was an official language. Overview. British Empire. Most countries where English is a prominent or official language are former colonies of the British Empire. Notable exceptions include Rwanda, which was a former Belgian colony, and Eritrea, which was an Italian colony where the British Empire controlled it only in World War II and shortly after (19411952). English is the sole official language of the Commonwealth of Nations and the Commonwealth Games. International organizations. English is one of the official languages of the United Nations, the European Union and the International Olympic Committee. United States. Although English is not classified as an official language in the [[United States]. Instead, many [[English-only movement#Current law|states and regions]] within the U.S. do have English as an official language. India. India's linguistic picture is complex. According to the [[Constitution of India]], "[[Hindi]] in the [[Devanagari]] script" is the official language of the union; and English the 'subsidiary official language'; however, English must be used for the official texts of all federal laws and Supreme Court decisions (with Hindi). It is one of the two languages of the [[Lok Sabha|Indian Parliament]]. English is taught in schools. The quality and effectiveness of the teaching is very varied. English is used almost exclusively for higher education. Pakistan. The situation of [[Pakistan]] is also complex. While the national language is [[Urdu]], English is an official language and used in business, government and law. Country subdivisions. In these country subdivisions, English has "de jure" official status, but English is not official in their relevant countries at the national level. References. [[Category:English language|List of countries]] [[Category:Geography-related lists]] [[Category:Language-related lists]] [[Category:Lists of countries]] Bill Blair (politician) William Sterling Blair is a Canadian politician. He is a member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of Canada. He represents the electoral area of Scarborough Southwest, and is a member of the Liberal Party. Blair is the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness in Canada's cabinet right now. From 2018 to 2019, he was the Minister of Border Security and Organized Crime Reduction. Before working in politics, Blair was the chief of police for the city of Toronto. In October 2021, he became the Minister of Emergency Preparedness and President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada. List of awards and nominations received by T-ara T-ara is a four-member South Korean girl group formed in 2009. They are one of the best-selling girl groups of all time. This is a list of their awards and nominations. T-ara videography This videography is a list of music videos and other videos by T-ara. T-ara is a South Korean girl group. They are one of the best-selling girl groups of all time. T-ara was formed in 2009. United States (disambiguation) United States can refer to several articles: Cocos plate The Cocos plate is a geologically young oceanic tectonic plate. It is beneath the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Central America. Cocos Island rides on it. The Cocos plate was created about 23 million years ago when a larger plate broke into two pieces. The other piece became the Nazca plate. The Cocos plate also broke into two pieces, creating the small Rivera plate. The Cocos plate touches several different plates. To the northeast it touches the North American plate and the Caribbean plate. To the west it touches the Pacific plate and to the south the Nazca plate. This complicated set of little plates is caused by what geologists call the "Cocos-Nazca spreading system". The leading edge is subducting (going under existing plates). This causes the Central American Volcanic Arc. The Cocos Plate is near the Galapagos hotspot, which caused the Galapagos Islands. Sol Yaged Sol Yaged (December 8, 1922 – May 16, 2019) was an American jazz clarinetist. He was born in New York City. Yaged was inspired by Benny Goodman. Yaged played clarinet with professional groups for over 70 years, with such musicians as Phil Napoleon, Coleman Hawkins, Red Allen, and Jack Teagarden. He was a movie score consultant for "The Benny Goodman Story". Yaged died on May 16, 2019 in New York City at the age of 96. The Young Turks The Young Turks (TYT) is a progressive left-wing American news and commentary program on YouTube. The program was created by Cenk Uygur, Ben Mankiewicz, and Dave Koller. It is co-hosted by Uygur, Ana Kasparian and John Iadarola. "The Young Turks" began as a radio program that premiered on February 14, 2002, on Sirius Satellite Radio; it was later carried on Air America, before launching a web series component in 2005 on YouTube. In 2018, Regional News Network offered it initially on WMCN, its New Jersey broadcast television station. David Cervinski David Cervinski (8 November 1970 – 16 May 2019) was an Australian association footballer. He was born in Geelong, Victoria. Cervinski played for the Melbourne Knights, Carlton and Wollongong Wolves in the National Soccer League (NSL) and for Gombak United in Singapore. His achievements include winning four NSL titles and the 2000 NSL Grand Final. He was the brother of footballer Adrian Cervinski. Cervinski died of melanoma on 16 May 2019, at the age of 48. Kadavoor Sivadasan Kadavoor Sivadasan (11 March 1932 – 17 May 2019) was an Indian politician and trade unionist. He was a member of the Indian National Congress. He was elected as an member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly. In 1985, he represented the Indian government at the International Labour Organization (ILO) in Geneva. He was born in Kadavoor, Kollam. Sivadasan died on 17 May 2019 in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. He was 87. Kamet Kamet is a mountain in the Himalayas range, in India. It is the 29th highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top were Frank Smythe, Eric Shipton, R.L. Holdsworth, and Lewa Sherpa, in 1931. Bacchus Marsh Bacchus Marsh is a large town in Victoria, Australia. It is about north west of the state capital Melbourne. The population of the Bacchus Marsh was 20,345 at the 2016 Census. It is the largest town in the local government area of Shire of Moorabool. The area became known for its fruit and vegetable farms. In recent years it has become a commuter town for people working in Melbourne. Bacchus Marsh was named after one of its original inhabitants, Captain William Henry Bacchus. It is located beside two rivers — the Lerderderg and Werribee. Cutworm Cutworms are the caterpillar of several kinds of moths. They cause problems for people trying to grow plants in their garden. Cutworms eat tender shoots at the base of the plant. They have big appetites and will destroy a plant in a very short time. They eat many kinds of plants. The eggs of the cutworms are laid in the autumn by the moth and the cutworms emerge in the spring. Jannu Jannu is a mountain in the Himalayas range, in Nepal. It is also known as Mount Khumbhakharna and Phoktanglungma. It is the 32nd highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach were René Desmaison, Paul Keller, Robert Paragot, and Sherpa Gyalzen Mitchung, in 1962. Molamenqing Molamenqing is a mountain in the Himalayas range, in Tibet. The height is disputed, and some sources put it at . It is also known as Phola Gangchen. It not considered an independent peak but as a part of Shishapangma. If it was, however, it would be either the 37th highest or 34th highest mountain in the world. (Depending on which height measurement is correct). The first people to reach the top were B. Farmer and R. Price, in 1981. Eduardo A. Roca Eduardo Alejandro Roca (15 December 1921 – 17 May 2019) was an Argentine lawyer, academic and diplomat. He was Argentina's Ambassador to the United States, serving from 1968 to 1970. He also served as the Ambassador of Argentina to the United Nations during the Falklands War in 1982. He was born in Buenos Aires. He was the grand-nephew of Julio Argentino Roca. Roca died on 17 May 2019 in Buenos Aires, at the age of 97. Rallapalli (actor) Rallapalli Venkata Narasimha Rao (15 August 1945 – 17 May 2019), known simply as Rallapalli, was an Indian character actor. He acted in Telugu and Tamil cinema. He appeared in over 800 movies and was noted for his comedy roles. He is best known for his roles in movies such as "Anveshana" (1985), "Bombay" (1995) and "Minsara Kanavu" (1997). He was born in Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh. Rallapalli died of a lung disease on 17 May 2019 in Hyderabad. He was 73. Janet Kitz Janet F. Kitz ("née" Brownlee; 12 January 1930 – 10 May 2019) was a Scottish-born Canadian educator, author and historian. She is best known helping the 1917 Halifax Explosion become well-known to the public. The event is the largest man-made explosion before the atomic bomb and the worst man-made disaster in Canadian history. In the 70 years after the Halifax Explosion, only two books had been written about the event. She wrote many books about the disaster, including "Shattered City: The Halifax Explosion and the Road to Recovery" (1989). Kitz was born in Carnwath, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. She married Leonard Arthur Kitz, the former mayor of Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1971. The couple soon moved to Nova Scotia. Kitz died on 10 May 2019 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. She was 89. Juan Antonio Menéndez Fernández Juan Antonio Menéndez Fernández (6 January 1957 – 15 May 2019) was a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest in 1981. He served as an auxiliary bishop of Oviedo and titular bishop of "Nasai" from 2013 to 2015. He served as the Bishop of Astorga from 2015 until his death in 2019. Menéndez Fernández was born in Villamarín de Salcedo. Menéndez Fernández died of a heart attack on 15 May 2019 in Astorga. He was 62. Quentin Pongia Quentin Lee Pongia (9 July 1970 – 18 May 2019) was a New Zealand rugby league player. He played as a prop. He played for the Canberra Raiders, Auckland Warriors, Sydney Roosters, St George Illawarra Dragons and Wigan Warriors. He also played for the New Zealand national team between 1992 and 2000. He was from the West Coast, South Island. Pongia died of bowel cancer on 18 May 2019 in Greymouth, West Coast. He was 48. Kozo Iizuka Kouzou Iizuka (, いいづかこうぞう "Iizuka Kouzou"; born 1931) is a Japanese engineer, Top of National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Chairman of International Measurement Confederation, Chairman of Human Frontier Science Program, and Kubota CEO. In 1931, he was born in Nakano, Tokyo. He was enrolled in Fourth municipal high school (Now Toyama municipal high school) , Urawa high school (old), and graduated at Tokyo University Graduate School of Engineering.In 1972, he became Doctor of Engineering(Tokyo Univ.). In 2015, he was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure. In 2019, he caused a traffic accident at Ikebukuro, Tokyo. A 3-year-old girl and her mother were killed by the accident, and nine others were injured. He caused a fatal accident, but not arrested. So he was criticized on the Internet（[東池袋自動車暴走死傷事故]）. Wanda Metropolitano Metropolitano Stadium (), also called Wanda Metropolitano for sponsorship reasons, is a stadium in Madrid, Spain. It has been the home stadium of football club Atlético Madrid since the 2017–18 season. The stadium is in the Rosas neighbourhood in the San Blas-Canillejas district. Wanda Metropolitano has a seating capacity of 67,829. The stadium was built during 1990–93 and was opened in 1994. After the stadium was closed in 2004, the stadium reopened in 2017 as Atlético Madrid's home ground. Wanda Metropolitano replaced their former home ground Vicente Calderón Stadium. The first match in the stadium was on 18 September 2017 in a 2017-18 La Liga match against Málaga CF. The stadium was formerly known as "Estadio de la Comunidad de Madrid" (Madrid Community Stadium), "Estadio Olímpico de Madrid" (Madrid Olympic Stadium), and more commonly by its nickname "Estadio de La Peineta" (The Comb Stadium). Naming rights were acquired by the Wanda Group, a Chinese real estate company. On 1 June 2019, Wanda Metropolitano hosted the 2019 UEFA Champions League Final. Ismoil Somoni Peak Ismoil Somoni Peak () is the highest mountain in Tajikistan. The mountain is in the Pamir Mountains range and is above sea level. It is the 50th highest mountain in the world and was formerly the Soviet Union's highest mountain. The first climb was made by Soviet mountaineer Yevgeniy Abalakov in 1933. Ismoil Somoni Peak was once called Communism Peak before being renamed in honour of Ismail Samani, a ruler of the Samanid dynasty. Samuel Eugenio Samuel Ricardo Eugenio Cabrera (12 August 1958 – 13 May 2019) was a Peruvian football player and coach. He played as a defender. Eugenio was born in Cañete. He played for Universitario de Deportes between 1980 and 1989, winning three titles. He also played for Alayza and Sport Boys. He was later part of the Universitario de Deportes coaching staff. On 13 May 2019, Eugenio died of problems caused by surgery for peritonitis in Lima. He was 60. CiNii CiNii () is a bibliographic database service for things in Japanese academic libraries. The database started in April 2005 and is maintained by the National Institute of Informatics. The service searches from the NII databases [NII Electronic Library Service (NII-ELS) and Citation Database for Japanese Publications (CJP)], and the databases from the National Diet Library of Japan, institutional repositories, and other organizations. The database has more than 15 million articles from more than 3,600 publications. Database identifiers. The database gives a unique identifier, "NII Article ID" (NAID), to each of the journal articles in its list. A different identifier, "NII Citation ID" (NCID or 書誌ID) or "NACSIS-CAT Record ID", is used for books. British Columbia New Democratic Party The New Democratic Party of British Columbia (BC NDP) is a provincial political party in British Columbia, Canada. It is a social democratic party and is considered to be centre-left. John Horgan has been the leader of the party since 2014. The party is a part of the federal New Democratic Party. The party is the one governing the province right now. This is because there was a hung parliament after the 2017 elections and the BC Liberal Party did not win a motion of no confidence in the legislature. Instead, the BC NDP began a confidence and supply deal with the BC Green Party to form a minority government. Before that, the party governed British Columbia under six different premiers. They also won a majority government three times, in 1971, 1991, and 1996. History. 2014–present: Horgan as leader. The leader before 2014 was Adrian Dix. He resigned from being the leader of the BC NDP in 2013. Because of this, there was an election in the party in 2014 to decide who would be the next leader. John Horgan was elected by acclamation (when there are no other candidates). Because he became leader, he also became the Leader of the Opposition in the legislature. The first election that the NDP took part in while Horgan was the leader was the 2017 general election. The NDP won 41 seats in the election. The other parties that won seats were the Liberal Party (43 seats) and the Green Party (3 seats). The Liberal Party did not win enough seats to form a majority government so the first minority government in BC in 65 years was elected. This was a very close election. The Liberals won the popular vote by only 1566 votes. Because both parties did not have enough seats to form a majority government, the Greens held the balance of power. Both the Liberals and NDP began negotiating with the Greens to see if they would support a minority government by either of the parties. On 29 May, Horgan and the Greens announced that the Greens would support the NDPs in a confidence and supply deal. The Liberals lost a vote of no confidence vote by two votes to the Greens and NDP. Because of this, the Lieutenant Governor Judith Guichon asked Horgan to form government and become the next premier. Horgan became the first NDP premier in 16 years. Domain hack A domain hack is a domain name that blends the text in a web address' domain (before the dot) with its top level domain (after the dot) to create a word (such as youtu.be), or a phrase (such as play.it). These are called "hacks" because they use top level domains in ways that they were not intended to be used. In the example above, YouTube uses .be as part of their link shortening service, even though .be was meant to be used as a country code top level domain (ccTLD) for Belgium. Entercom Communications Corporation does the same thing with their play.it domain name, using Italy's ccTLD. Matthew Doucette first used the term "domain hack" in a blog post on November 3rd, 2004. Adrian Dix Adrian Dix (born April 20, 1964) is a Canadian politician. He is a member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia and the Minister of Health of British Columbia, Canada. He was also the leader of the British Columbia New Democratic Party from 2011 to 2014. Dix was first elected to the Legislative Assembly in the 2005 provincial election. He led the BC NDP into the 2013 provincial election. Even though opinion polling showed that he would win the election, he lost the election to the BC Liberal Party. Because of this, he resigned as the leader of the BC NDP. Political career. Dix was first elected to the Legislative Assembly in the 2005 provincial election. He was elected to the electoral district of Vancouver-Kingsway. He beat the incumbent Liberal MLA Rob Nijjar. Jürgen Kissner Jürgen Kißner or Kissner (18 August 1942 – 18 May 2019) was a German cyclist. He competed for West Germany. He won the silver medal in the team pursuit at the 1968 Summer Olympics. He was born in Luckau, Brandenburg. Kissner died on 18 May 2019 in Cologne, at the age of 76. Four Ways to Forgiveness Four Ways to Forgiveness is a collection of four short stories and novellas by American writer Ursula K. Le Guin. All four stories happen in the future. They are stories from the planets Yeowe and Werel. Both planets are members of the Ekumen. The group of Ekumen planets is the background for many novels and short stories in Le Guin's Hainish Cycle. In 2017 it was reissued as an e-book, augmented with a fifth related story by Le Guin, as Five Ways to Forgiveness. Setting. The stories in the book are set on two planets in a distant solar system, Werel and Yeowe, inhabited by humans placed there by the ancient Hainish. (This 'Werel' is not the same as the world called Werel in Le Guin's "Planet of Exile" and "City of Illusions".) Werel has a long history of institutional enslavement of its lighter-skinned ethnic groups by its darker-skinned ethnic groups (the latter's derogatory term for the former is "dusties"). When the Ekumen recontacted the Werelians, the shock spurred one of the Werelian nations, Voe Deo, to develop a space program and settle the other inhabitable planet in the system, Yeowe, transporting a primarily slave population to do so. Eventually the slaves on Yeowe conducted a successful revolt and gained their independence, an event that occurred in the fairly recent past of the four stories. The nations of Werel are nervous that the "assets" on that planet might attempt the same thing for themselves. Themes. The common themes of the stories are the freedom and slavery. For thousands of years, the dark-skinned "owners" of Werel kept the light-skinned "assets" as slaves. Then things began to change after the colonized the second planet, Yeowe. The Yeowans gained freedom and fought to have their own government and identity. They wanted to enter the Ekumen of worlds. Gender relations are another important theme in the stories. At first, only male slaves were transported to Yeowe. The culture there became extremely masculine. Homosexual relationships were important and had strong effect on later gender relations on Yeowe. Publication history. Harper Paperbacks published the book first in 1995. "Betrayals" first appeared in 1994 in "Blue Motel". The others appeared in the science fiction magazine "Asimov's" in 1994 and 1995. "Four Ways to Forgiveness" was published in 1995 in a leather-bound, signed edition by Easton Press. "Five Ways to Forgiveness" was published in 2017 by Penguin Random House. It was an e-book only from Rakuten Kobo and Library of America eBook Classics. Analía Gadé María Esther Gorostiza Rodríguez (28 October 1931 – 18 May 2019), better known as Analía Gadé, was an Argentine actress. She appeared in more than 60 movies between 1948 and 2001. She starred in movies such as "Emergency Ward" (1952), "Yesterday Was Spring" (1955), "Crime on a Summer Morning" (1965), "Another's Wife" (1967) and "The King is the Best Mayor" (1974). She was born in Córdoba. Her brother was playwright Carlos Gorostiza. Gadé died on 18 May 2019 of cancer in Madrid. She was 87. Mark Warawa Mark Warawa (May 7, 1950 – June 20, 2019) was a Canadian politician. He was a member of the Conservative Party. He served as a city councillor in Abbotsford, British Columbia from 1990 to 2004. He was the Member of Parliament for Langley—Aldergrove (formerly Langley) from 2004 until his death in 2019. Warawa lived in Langley, British Columbia. He was married to Diane and had five children. In April 2019, it was announced that Warawa had been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer that had spread to his lungs, colon and lymph nodes. He died on June 20, 2019, in Langley, at the age of 69. Adansonia gregorii Adansonia gregorii, commonly known as the boab, is a tree in the family Malvaceae. Its trunk has a swollen base, which makes it easily recognizable. For this reason, it is also called a bottle tree. It is endemic to Australia, where it mostly occurs in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, east into Northern Territory, parts of western Queensland, and New South Wales. There are other species of baobabs, which are native to Madagascar (six species) and mainland Africa and the Arabian Peninsula (one species). Boab ranges from 5 to 15 metres, usually between 9 and 12 metres, with a broad bottle-shaped trunk. Its trunk base may be extremely large; trunks with a diameter of over five metres have been recorded. "A. gregorii" is deciduous, losing its leaves during the dry winter and producing new leaves and large white flowers between December and May. Mandalay Bay Mandalay Bay is a 43-story luxury hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International and has 3,209 hotel rooms. Hotels. Penthouse suites. The gold coloring of the hotel is a result of gold leaf used on the windows. Levels 40-42 (numbered as floors 60–62) are designed as penthouse suites, with a penthouse lounge on level 62 for guests staying in the penthouses. Level 43 (numbered as 64) is the Foundation Room, a restaurant and bar. Four Seasons Hotel. Five floors (floors 35–39) of the main hotel building are the five-star and AAA Five-Diamond Four Seasons Hotel Las Vegas. Nickey Iyambo Nickey Iyambo (20 May 1936 – 19 May 2019) was a Namibian politician and physician. He was a member of SWAPO. He served as the Namibia's first Vice-President, serving from 2015 to 2018. Iyambo was a member of the Cabinet of Namibia since independence in March 1990. He was the Minister of Health and Social Services from 1990 to 1996, Minister of Regional and Local Government and Housing from 1996 to 2002, Minister of Mines and Energy from 2002 to 2005, Minister of Agriculture, Water and Forestry from 2005 to 2008, Minister of Safety and Security from 2008 to 2010, and Minister of Veterans' Affairs from 2010 to 2015. Iyambo was born in Onayena, Oshikoto Region. He died in Windhoek on 19 May 2019, a day before his 83rd birthday. Nilda Fernández Nilda Fernández (25 October 1957 – 19 May 2019) was a Spanish-born French singer. His first album was recorded in 1981. He became known for his 1987 album "Madrid, Madrid". He might be best known for his 1991 single "Nos fiancailles". He became popular in Russia and also worked in Cuba. Fernández was born in Barcelona, Catalonia and grew up in the French city of Lyon. On 19 May 2019, Fernández died of heart failure in the south of France. He was 61. Frank F. Ledford Jr. Frank Finley Ledford Jr. (April 22, 1934 – May 15, 2019) was an American orthopedic surgeon. He served as the 37th Surgeon General of the United States Army from 1988 to 1992. He reached the U.S. Army rank of lieutenant general. He also held positions as a clinical professor at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS). He was born in Jacksonville, Florida. Ledford died after a short illness on May 15, 2019 in San Antonio, Texas. He was 85. Rainwater tank A rainwater tank (sometimes called a rain barrel in North America in reference to smaller tanks, or a water butt in the UK) is a container to capture water runoff from the roof. Water can be stored during the rainy season and used later in the summer when water is more scarce. The use of water barrels is forbidden in some jurisdictions. Quinn H. Becker Quinn Henderson Becker (June 11, 1930 – March 13, 2022) was an American orthopedic surgeon and lieutenant general in the U.S. Army. He was the 36th Surgeon General of the United States Army from 1985 to 1988. He attended Louisiana State University's School of Medicine. He was born in Kirksville, Missouri. Becker died on March 13, 2022 at his home in San Antonio, Texas at the age of 91. Bernhard T. Mittemeyer Bernhard Theodore Mittemeyer (born October 30, 1930) is an American urologist and retired lieutenant general in the U.S. Army. He served as the 35th Surgeon General of the United States Army from 1981 to 1985. He has served as the chief of urological surgery at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center. He was born in Paramaribo, Suriname. Tanya Plibersek Tanya Joan Plibersek (born 2 December 1969) is an Australian politician. She was the Deputy Leader of the Australian Labor Party from 2013 to 2019. She has been a member of the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sydney since 1998. She is currently the Minister for the Environment and Water in the Albanese ministry since 2022. Anthony Albanese Anthony Norman Albanese ( ; born 2 March 1963) is an Australian Labor politician. Albanese is the 31st Prime Minister of Australia since 2022. He has been Member of Parliament for Grayndler since 1996. Since May 2019, Albanese has been the Leader of the Australian Labor Party. Albanese was Deputy Prime Minister of Australia and Deputy Leader of the Labor Party in 2013. He was a critic of Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard leadership conflicts from 2010 to 2013. Albanese has described his political views as progressive. After Labor lost the 2013 election, Albanese ran against Bill Shorten in the leadership election. He lost to Shorten. After Labor was defeated in the 2019 election, he was the first to become a candidate for the leadership after Shorten resigned. He was soon elected unopposed as leader on 30 May 2019 and later became Opposition Leader. In May 2022, the Labor Party won the most seats in the 2022 federal election with Albanese becoming the 31st prime minister. Early life. Albanese was born on 2 March 1963 in the Sydney suburb of Darlinghurst. He is the son of Carlo Albanese and Maryanne Ellery. Growing up, Albanese was told that his father had died in a car accident; he did not meet his father, who was in fact still alive, until 2009. He later discovered that he had two half-siblings. Albanese graduated with a bachelor of economics from the University of Sydney. After, Albanese became a research officer to Minister Tom Uren. In 1995, became a senior adviser to New South Wales Premier Bob Carr. Deputy Prime Minister (2013). In June 2013, when Kevin Rudd beat Julia Gillard in a final leadership election. That same ballot saw Albanese elected by the caucus as Deputy Leader of the Labor Party, and the next day Albanese was sworn in as Deputy Prime Minister. He held this role until Labor's defeat at the 2013 election, and was replaced by Warren Truss on 18 September. Opposition leader (2019–2022). When Bill Shorten announced his resignation as Leader of the Labor Party on 18 May 2019, after Labor's unexpected loss in the 2019 election, Albanese announced his candidacy of Labor Party leader. Albanese became party leader on 30 May since no one else ran against him, with Richard Marles as his deputy. Aged 56 when he took office, he is the oldest first-time Opposition Leader in 59 years. Prime Minister (since 2022). Albanese led the Labor Party to victory at the 2022 federal election on 21 May, becoming prime minister–designate shortly afterwards. Albanese is the first Italian-Australian prime minister in the country's history. He is the fourth Labor leader to be appointed prime minister, directly after being the opposition leader, since World War II. He was sworn-in as prime minister on 23 May 2022. On 30 June 2022, Albanese met with French president Emmanuel Macron in Paris to "reset" relations between France and Australia. The next day, Albanese travelled to Ukraine to meet with president Volodymyr Zelenskyy, making him the first Australian prime minister to make a diplomatic visit to Ukraine. Personal life. In 2000, Albanese married Carmel Tebbutt, a future Deputy Premier of New South Wales. They have one son. Albanese and Tebbutt separated in January 2019. In June 2020, it was reported that Albanese was in a new relationship, with Jodie Haydon. While some prime ministers divorced after leaving office, Albanese is the first divorced person to become prime minister. Albanese describes himself as "half-Italian and half-Irish". "Albo" is a well known nickname for Albanese used by his supporters and media. Albanese was injured in a car crash while driving in Marrickville, New South Wales, on 8 January 2021 with serious injuries. The other driver was a 17-year-old who received a ticket for negligent driving. Emergency workers told Albanese that if the teen's car had hit just 30 centimetres either side of where it did, he would have been killed. In April 2022, Albanese tested positive for COVID-19. Fuck tha Police "Fuck tha Police" is a protest song from American hip hop group N.W.A. The song is included on the group's 1988 studio album "Straight Outta Compton". It was also included on "N.W.A's Greatest Hits" album. Since it was released in 1988, the "Fuck the Police" slogan is continuing to influence pop culture in the form of songs, T-shirts and artwork. The lyrics protest police brutality and racial profiling. There have been several cover versions of the song from Rage Against the Machine and Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. Anglo-Indian people Anglo-Indians is a word which is used to describe anybody with mixed Indian and British ancestry. It is also used to describe people living in the Indian subcontinent who had British forefathers. Ruskin Bond Ruskin Bond is an Indian author of British descent. He lives with his adopted family in Landour, Mussoorie, India. The Indian Council for Child Education has recognised his role in the growth of children's literature in India. He was awarded the Sahitya Academy Award in 1992 for "Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra", a novel in English. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1999 and the Padma Bhushan in 2014. Ruskin Bond Famous Quotes References. Ruskin Bond - Written works The Best of Ruskin Bond The Blue Umbrella The Room on the Roof The Eyes Have It Angry River Delhi Is Not Far Rusty the Boy from the Hills A Flight of Pigeons Night Train at Deoli and Other Stories Landour Days: A Writer's Journal EARLY LIFE, CAREER AND AWARDS Early Life. Ruskin Bond was born on May 19, 1934, in Kasauli, Punjab, India. He was born to Edith Clarke and Aubrey Bond. Career. Ruskin Bond started his career by working in a photo studio. He worked there while he was looking for publishers for his works. Awards and Achievements. In 1992, Ruskin Bond won the Sahitya Academy Award for his book ‘Our Trees Still Grow in Dehra.’ In 1999, he received the Padma Sri award. List of rivers of Canada This is an alphabetical list of rivers of Canada. Air Force School Jodhpur Air Force School Jodhpur is a CBSE school in Jodhpur city of Rajasthan. Signe Marie Stray Ryssdal Signe Marie Stray Ryssdal (22 July 1924 – 18 May 2019) was a Norwegian lawyer and politician. She was a member of the Liberal Party. She served as a a deputy representative of the Storting, the parliament of Norway, from 1965 to 1973. She served as a member of Oslo's city council from 1968 to 1972. She was the County Governor of Aust-Agder from 1983 to 1994. She also chaired of the board of the National Insurance Administration from 1968 to 1980. She was born in Tromøya. Stray Ryssdal died on 18 May 2019 in Arendal. She was 94. Austin Eubanks Stephen Austin Eubanks (October 8, 1981 – May 18, 2019) was an American motivational speaker. He was a survivor of the Columbine High School massacre in 1999. He was shot in his hand and knee by shooter Dylan Klebold, and his friend Corey DePooter was murdered in the shooting. After the massacre, Eubanks became addicted to opioids. He later was a motivational speaker on drug addiction recovery. Eubanks was divorced and had two children. Eubanks was found dead on May 18, 2019 in Steamboat Springs, Colorado. He was 37. His death was confirmed as an accidental overdose of heroin. Secular state A secular state is a idea where the state is neutral to all religion and religious matters. A secular state should not support any religion and should not give preferential treatment to anybody based on their religion. List of secular countries. There are two types of secular countries: Lifeline Theatre Lifeline Theatre started in Chicago, Illinois, United States, in 1983. Five Northwestern University graduates started the theater group. They moved to Rogers Park—a converted Commonwealth Edison substation— in 1986. This includes a 99-seat theater, rehearsal and office space, a scene shop, and costume, prop, and scenery storage. Awards. Chicago/Illinois awards. Since 1986, Lifeline members have received 48 Joseph Jefferson Awards. National awards. Member Meryl Friedman won the 1999 Distinguished Play Award in the Elementary Category from the American Alliance of Theatre and Education for her adaptation of "Journey of the Sparrows", produced at Lifeline in 1996. The American Alliance for Theater and Education awarded Lifeline the 2003 Sara Spencer Artistic Achievement Award for sustained and successful achievement in the field of theater for young audiences. Production History. Lifeline Theatre's work includes MainStage productions: Family MainStage productions have included: In 1986 Lifeline started its KidSeries program. Productions have included: Players. Lifeline Theatre's members are: Patrick Blashill, Christina Calvit, Victoria DeIorio, Alan Donahue, Kevin D. Gawley, Peter Greenberg, James E. Grote, Chris Hainsworth, John Hildreth, Paul S. Holmquist, Elise Kauzlaric, Robert Kauzlaric, Frances Limoncelli, Katie McLean Hainsworth, Dorothy Milne (Artistic Director), Shole Milos, Sandy Snyder Pietz, Suzanne Plunkett, Phil Timberlake, Jennifer Tyler, Christopher M. Walsh, and Elizabeth Powell Wislar. Emeritus members include: Eric Lane Barnes, Meryl Friedman, Rebecca Hamlin, James Sie, and Steve Totland. Amédée Grab Amédée Antoine-Marie Grab (3 February 1930 – 19 May 2019) was a Swiss Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest in 1954. He served as titular bishop of "Canæ" and auxiliary bishop of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg from 1987 to 1995. He then served as bishop of the diocese from 1995 to 1998. He then served as the bishop of Chur from 1995 to 2007. Grab was born in Zürich. Grab died on 19 May 2019, at the age of 89. 2018–19 Bundesliga The 2018–19 Bundesliga was the 56th season of the Bundesliga, Germany's top football league. The season started on 24 August 2018 and ended on 18 May 2019. The defending champions were Bayern Munich. The champion was not decided until the last matchday, making this the first time since 2009 when this happened. FC Bayern Munich won the tournament the 7th time in a row, with a 2-point lead. League table. Below is the table for the 2018–19 Fußball-Bundesliga season. Bayern Munich, Borussia Dortmund, RB Leipzig and Bayer 04 Leverkusen directly qualified for the UEFA Champions League, while Hannover 96 and 1. FC Nuremberg were relegated to the 2. Bundesliga. List of colleges and universities in Japan This is an alphabetical list of colleges and universities in Japan. Gulliver's Travels Gulliver's Travels is a book written in 1726 by Jonathan Swift. It is a satire about human nature—how humans act—and was very popular. It is about a man named Gulliver who goes to a place with very tiny people that are less than 6 inches tall. The book was an immediate success. John Gay said that "It is universally read, from the cabinet council to the nursery". After many scientists have tried to calculate the approximate height of Gulliver, the closest result has come from Townsville, Australia with an approximate height of Gulliver 14.79647688 metres tall. Cedar Fair Cedar Fair L.P., also called the Cedar Fair Entertainment Company is a company that runs amusement parks in the United States and Canada. The company is headquartered inside their main park Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio. History. Cedar Point opened as a picnic area in 1870. The park went through a few owners during its early years. The park then wanted to build a new amusement park in Cambridge Township but the plans never went through. Three years later the park bought another park named Vallyfair. The name Cedar Fair comes from the names Cedar Point and Vallyfair. Cedar Fair was created in 1983. Miguel Montes Busto Miguel Ángel Montes Busto (28 February 1940 – 20 May 2019) was a Spanish football player and manager. Montes Busto was born in Oviedo, Asturias. He played as a forward. He spent twelve seasons in the Segunda División between 1959 and 1971. He played for Real Gijón, Las Palmas and Real Oviedo. After retiring from playing, he managed Segunda División side Palencia, many Segunda División B clubs and Sporting de Gijón in La Liga. Montes Busto died on 20 May 2019 in Gijón, Asturias, at the age of 79. Blair Blair may be a given name or surname. Blair may also refer to: Dude Perfect Dude Perfect is a sports entertainment conglomerate company on YouTube. It is headquartered in Frisco, Texas, USA. It is made of Coby Cotton, Cory Cotton, Cody Jones, Garrett Hilbert, and Tyler Toney. All of them went to Texas A&M university. Gurla Mandhata Gurla Mandhata is a mountain in the Himalayas range, in Tibet. It is the 34th highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top were Katsutoshi Hirabayashi and twelve other members of his expedition, in 1985. Chris Bowen Christopher Eyles Guy Bowen (born 17 January 1973) is an Australian politician. Bowen is the Minister for Climate Change and Energy since June 2022. He was the Shadow Treasurer of Australia. Bowen is a senior Labor Right figure. He was the Interim Leader of the Labor Party and Leader of the Opposition in 2013 after Labor lost the federal election. Bowen worked for the Rudd and Gillard Governments as Minister for Financial Services, Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, and Treasurer. After the Labor's loss in the 2019 federal election, Bowen announced his candidacy in the leadership election to replace Opposition Leader Bill Shorten on 21 May. He withdrew from the race the next day due to lack of support. Peter Slipper Peter Neil Slipper (born 14 February 1950) is an Australian politician. He was in the House of Representatives from 1984 to 1987 and from 1993 to 2013, representing the Division of Fisher in Queensland. He was Speaker of the House of Representatives from 2011 to 2012. Saturn I Saturn I (also known as Cluster's Last Stand) was the name of the kind of rockets used by NASA in the Apollo program. Although German engineer and scientist Wernher von Braun intended it as the launch vehicle for crewed Apollo flights. NASA used the original Saturn I ten times and more often used a bigger version, the Saturn IB. Arti (Hinduism) Aarti also spelled arti, arati, arathi, aarthi (In Devanagari: "") is a Hindu religious ritual. Worshippers offer light to the gods or goddess and sing praise to them. List of WWE United States Champions The WWE United States Championship is a professional wrestling championship contested in the American promotion WWE on the Raw brand. Title history. Reigns. As of May 17, 2021. Combined reigns. As of May 17, 2021. Saser Kangri Saser Kangri is a massif (a group of mountains) in the Karakoram range, in India. It is a group of six named mountains. The tallest is Saser Kangri I at . It is the 35th highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top of Saser Kangri I were Dawa Norbu, Da Tenzing, Nima Tenzin, and Thondup, in 1973. The second highest mountain in the massif is Saser Kangri II East. It is tall and is the 49th highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top were Mark Richey, Steve Swenson, and Freddie Wilkinson, in 2011. The other four mountains in the massif are: Sandy D'Alemberte Talbot "Sandy" D'Alemberte (June 1, 1933 – May 20, 2019) was an American lawyer, professor, politician and educational administrator. He served as a member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1966 to 1972. He was the president of the American Bar Association between 1992 and 1992, and Florida State University from 1993 to 2004. He was also the first chairman of the Florida Constitution Revision Commission, serving from 1977 to 1978. He was born in Tallahassee, Florida. D'Alemberte died on May 20, 2019 in Tallahassee. He was 85. Yuriy Bohutsky Yuriy Petrovich Bohutsky (; 24 September 1952 – 14 May 2019) was a Ukrainian politician. He was the Minister of Culture three times, serving for four months in 1999, from 2001 to 2005 and finally from 2006 to 2007. He was born in Mykolaivka, Velyka Lepetykha Raion, Kherson Oblast. On 14 May 2019, Bohutsky died of problems caused by surgery which left him in a coma. He was 66. John Moore, Baron Moore of Lower Marsh John Edward Michael Moore, Baron Moore of Lower Marsh (26 November 1937 – 20 May 2019) was a British politician. He was a member of the Conservative Party. He was a Member of Parliament for Croydon Central between 1974 and 1992. He held a number of political roles in the Thatcher Cabinet. He served as Economic Secretary to the Treasury (1983), Financial Secretary to the Treasury (1983–1986), Secretary of State for Transport (1986–1987), Secretary of State for Health and Social Services (1987–1988) and Secretary of State for Social Security (1988–1989). He was born in Kentish Town, London. Moore died on 20 May 2019, at the age of 81. Ronnie Virgets Ronald Edward Virgets (April 4, 1942 – May 20, 2019) was an American writer, commentator and journalist. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, where he worked and is best known. He worked as a feature reporter for TV stations WDSU and WWL-TV. He also wrote for "The Times-Picayune", "Gambit", "New Orleans Magazine" and had many books published. He won a regional Emmy Award for a 1992 story on the city of New Orleans. Virgets served as host of "Crescent City," a radio program broadcast in New Orleans on National Public Radio's WWNO. Virgets died on May 20, 2019 in Destrehan, Louisiana. He was 77. Kochavi Shemesh Kochavi Shemesh (‎; 10 January 1944 – 13 May 2019) was an Iraqi-born Israeli lawyer and leftist activist. He was one of the leaders of the Israeli Black Panthers protest movement. He served as editor of the movement's main publication "Ha'panter Ha'shachor" (, meaning "The Black Panther"). He also helped form the political party Hadash. The party formed as a merger between the Black Panthers, the Israeli Communist Party and other leftist organisations. He was born in Baghdad and grew up in Jerusalem. Shemesh died on 13 May 2019, at the age of 75. Julio César Trujillo Julio César Trujillo Vásquez (25 March 1931 – 19 May 2019) was an Ecuadorian lawyer and politician. He was born in Ibarra, Ecuador. He was a member of the National Congress from 1979 to 1984. From 2018 until his death, he was President of the Council of Citizen Participation and Social Control. Trujillo died on 19 May 2019 from problems caused by a cerebral hemorrhage in Quito at the age of 88. Geneviève Waïte Geneviève Waïte (February 13, 1948 – May 18, 2019) was a South African actress, singer and model. She was known for her roles as the lead character in "Joanna" (1978) and as The Girl in "Move" (1970). Waïte died on May 18, 2019 at the age of 71. Charles Kittel Charles Kittel (July 18, 1916 – May 15, 2019) was an American physicist. He was a Professor at University of California, Berkeley from 1951 and was Professor Emeritus from 1978 until his death. He was born in New York City. Kittel was known for his works about RKKY interaction and for his "Introduction to Solid State Physics" textbook. Kittel died on May 15, 2019 at the age of 102. Geneviève Raugel Geneviève Raugel (27 May 1951 – 10 May 2019) was a French mathematician. She worked in the field of numerical analysis and dynamical systems. Raugel worked for Centre national de la recherche scientifique, University of Rennes 1, École Polytechnique and at University of Paris-Sud. In the mid-1980s, she started working on the dynamics of evolution equations, in particular on global attractors, perturbations, and Navier-Stokes equations on thin domains, where she was recognized a world-expert. Raugel died on 10 May 2019 at the age of 68. Ma'ruf Amin Ma'ruf Amin (born 11 March 1943) is an Indonesian politician and Islamic cleric. He is the chairman of the Ulema Council of Indonesia. On 21 May 2019, Ma'ruf was elected Vice President of Indonesia. On 9 August 2018, President Joko Widodo announced that Ma'ruf would be his running mate in the 2019 Indonesian presidential election. Queensland lungfish The Queensland lungfish ("Neoceratodus forsteri"), also known as the Australian lungfish, Burnett salmon and barramunda, is one of the surviving species of lungfish. It is native only to the Mary and Burnett River systems of the Australian state of Queensland. The species has been introduced elsewhere and is also found in many other parts of Queensland's south-east. Although it is not a threatened species, the Queensland lungfish are protected. Fossils of Queensland lungfish from up to 380 million years ago have been discovered. The species lives in slow-flowing rivers and still water (including reservoirs). They are commonly found to be about in length and weigh , but can get up to in length and weigh . Dumont d'Urville Station The Dumont d'Urville Station () is a French scientific station in Antarctica. It is on Île des Pétrels, archipelago of Pointe-Géologie in Adélie Land. It is named after explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville. His expedition landed on Débarquement Rock in the Dumoulin Islands at the northeast end of the archipelago on January 21, 1840. The station is run by the "French Polar Institute Paul-Émile Victor". History. The first French Antarctic research station was at Port Martin, east of D'Urville. It was destroyed by fire on January 23, 1952. In 1952, a small base called Base Marret, was built on Île des Pétrels to study a rookery of emperor penguins. When the Port Martin station was destroyed, Base Marret was used in the winter of 1952/1953. A new main base, Dumont D'Urville station, was built on the same island and opened on January 12, 1956. This became the centre for French scientific research during the Antarctic International Geophysical Year 1957/1958. It has remained in active use ever since. The station allows between 30 and 40 people to come ashore at one time. Ice and strong katabatic winds often prevent landings, either by boat or by helicopter. The station can accommodate about 30 people in winter and 120 during the summer. The icebreaker ship "L'Astrolabe" carries supplies and people to the station from the port of Hobart, Tasmania. It does five trips between November and March. The Academy Award-winning documentary movie "La Marche de l'empereur", in English "March of the Penguins", was filmed in the region around this base. Leland Stanford Amasa Leland Stanford (March 9, 1824June 21, 1893) was an American tycoon, industrialist, politician. He was also the founder of Stanford University along with his wife, Jane Stanford. He came to California with his brothers in 1852 and they were successful in selling tools and mining equipment. Leland joined with three other Sacramento merchants to form a group who called themselves “The Associates.” It was these men—, , , and, as President, himself. They bonded together as a team to build the first Transcontinental Railway. His role with them drove his politics, and his success in politics for what he was trying to do for Sacramento and California was very much driven by his position as the head of . Stanford was a white supremacist. In 1859, he wrote:I am in favor of free white American citizens. I prefer free white citizens to any other race. I prefer the white man to the negro as an inhabitant to our country.He spent one two-year term as Governor of California after his election in 1861. He later spent eight years as a United States Senator. Aker (deity) Aker ("also known as Akeru") is the ancient Egyptian god of Earth and the horizon. He guarded the eastern and western borders of the netherworld. He protected Ra, the sun god, when he entered the netherworld at sunset and when he returned to the world of the living at sunrise and bore the sun on his back through the underworld. He welcomed the deceased pharaoh Apep ("Apophis) and" was rumored to have the ability to neutralize a snake bite. Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 The Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 (LC-39) is a rocket launch facility of Kennedy Space Center of Florida, United States. The site was originally made for the Apollo program. Later, it was modified for the Space Shuttle program. , only Pad 39A is in use to launch SpaceX's Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy. Pad 39B is modifying for NASA's Space Launch System. The Pad 39C was added in 2015 for small rocket launches, although it is not in use. James Fitz-Allen Mitchell Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell (15 May 1931 – 23 November 2021) was the former Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. He was the second Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and the founder of the New Democratic Party (NDP). He also was Premier of the then colony of Saint Vincent from 1972 to 1974, and as Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines from 1984 to 2000. Tang Fei Tang Fei (; born 15 March 1932) is a retired ROC Air Force general and politician. He was the Premier of the Republic of China between May 20 and October 6, 2000 under the Chen Shui-bian government. He worked for the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), even though he was a member of the Kuomintang (KMT). Jeffrey A. Rosen Jeffrey Adam Rosen (born April 2, 1958) is an American lawyer. Rosen was the Acting United States Attorney General from December 23, 2020 to January 20, 2021. He was the 38th United States Deputy Attorney General from May 22, 2019 until he became acting Attorney General. He was the 21st United States Deputy Secretary of Transportation from May 18, 2017 to May 21, 2019. He was a senior partner at the law firm Kirkland & Ellis. On February 19, 2019, President Donald Trump announced his plans to nominate Rosen for United States Deputy Attorney General replacing Rod Rosenstein. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on May 16. On December 14, 2020, it was announced that Rosen would become acting Attorney General on December 23, when William Barr's resignation takes effect. List of dialling codes in Italy Country Code: +39 International Call Prefix: 00 Trunk Prefix: None. Leading 0 is dialed both within and from outside Italy, just because it is now part of the actual number and no longer the trunk prefix. Area codes in Italy are administered by Telecom Italia: List of countries and dependencies by population density This is a list of countries and dependencies ranked by human population density, and measured by the number of human inhabitants per square kilometre or square mile. The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories based upon the ISO standard ISO 3166-1. The list also includes but does not rank unrecognized but de facto independent countries. The figures in the following table are based on areas including inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers). Data are estimates for July 2005, taken from the United Nations World Prospects Report (2004 revision), unless stated differently. Main table. The names of dependent territories are shown in italics. Area figures provided here have been obtained from the main articles of the respective countries and territories. Density of the most populous countries. This list consists of the top 100 most populous countries (see also List of countries and dependencies by population). Eduard Punset Eduard Punset i Casals (9 November 1936 – 22 May 2019) was a Spanish politician, lawyer, economist and science popularise. He was a member of Adolfo Suárez's Union of the Democratic Centre. He served as a member of the Congress of Deputies from 1982 to 1983. He was later a member of the European Parliament between 1987 and 1994. He also wrote for the BBC and "The Economist". He was born in Barcelona, Catalonia. Punset was diagnosed with lung cancer in November 2007 but recovered. He died on 22 May 2019 of lung cancer in Barcelona. He was 82. Ali Mohammad Mahar Sardar Ali Mohammad Khan Mahar (‎; 12 January 1967 – 21 May 2019) was a Pakistani politician. He served as the 25th Chief Minister of Sindh from 2002 to 2004. He was also a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from 2002 to 2007. Until his death in 2019, he was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan since 2008, and was Federal Minister for Narcotics Control since 2018. Mahar died on 21 May 2019 of heart failure, at the age of 52. Referential transparency Referential transparency is a feature of parts of computer programs. A part of a program is called "referentially transparent" if it can be replaced with the value it gives back without changing the program's behavior. A referentially transparent function must be pure—it must always give the same output if it takes the same input, and it must not have any side effects—parts of the program that perform an action other than giving a value back. The opposite of referential transparency is referential opacity. In mathematics, all functions are referentially transparent, because a mathematical function can only take values in and spit a value out. In programming, this is not always true—a function might also find out what day of the year it is, or print a message to the screen. Because of this difference, some people use other names for functions in programming, like procedures. Referential transparency lets programmers and compilers to think of code as a rewrite system—something that takes an expression and replaces it with something else. This can help with several tasks, such as: There are several ways of doing the last task—the most well-known are memoization (saving answers after the first time), common subexpression elimination (figuring out if it is worth it to combine two parts of the code that are the same) , lazy evaluation (not finding the answer until the code really needs it), and parallelization (working on multiple problems at the same time). Walter Harris (author) Walter Harris (15 October 1925 – 9 May 2019) was a British author and broadcaster. He wrote ten books and had many poetry volumes published. His first book was "Clovis" (1970), and his last was "Godhead" (2014). He worked for the BBC and interviewed Peter Cook, Dudley Moore, Alan Bennett and Jonathan Miller on the opening night of "Beyond the Fringe", as well as Danny Kaye, John Wayne and W. Somerset Maugham. Recordings of his interviews and broadcasts are held at the BBC Sound Archive and the British Library. Harris died on 9 May 2019, at the age of 93. Nan Winton Nancy Wigginton (1925 – 11 May 2019), better known as Nan Winton, was a British broadcaster. She is best known for being the first female newsreader on BBC television. After her first news broadcaster on 20 June 1960, she worked for ITV. She was also a regular panellist on the radio panel game "Treble Chance". Winton was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire. She was married to actor Charles Stapley from 1948 to 1962. The couple had two children. On 11 May 2019, Winton died from congestive heart failure and hypertension after having a fall at her home in Dorchester, Dorset. She was 93. Jean Beaudin Jean Beaudin (6 February 1939 – 18 May 2019) was a Canadian movie director and screenwriter. He directed 20 movies, including French-language movies "J.A. Martin Photographer" (1977), "The Alley Cat" (1985), "Being at Home with Claude" (1992) and "The Collector" (2002). He was born in Montreal, Quebec. Beaudin's partner of more than 20 years was actress Domini Blythe (1947–2010). Beaudin died on 18 May 2019, at the age of 80. Jonathan Miller Sir Jonathan Wolfe Miller (21 July 1934 – 27 November 2019) was a British theatre and opera director, actor, author, television presenter and medical doctor. He was born in St John's Wood, London. He first became well-known in the early 1960s in the comedy revue "Beyond the Fringe" with Peter Cook, Dudley Moore and Alan Bennett. Miller started directing operas in the 1970s. His best-known production was probably his 1982 "Mafia"-styled "Rigoletto" set in the 1950s. He was an associate director at the National Theatre and later ran the Old Vic Theatre. He was a writer and presenter of many BBC documentaries. Miller was married to Rachel Collet from 1956 until his death. The couple had three children. Miller died at his home in Camden, London of Alzheimer's disease-related problems on 27 November 2019. He was 85. Side effect (computer science) A part of a program with a side effect performs a noticeable action other than giving back a value. Examples include showing a picture on a computer screen, or checking what year it is. Code with side effects can be harder to understand without any context, and the order of instructions more important for code with side effects. In functional programming, programmers try to avoid side effects when they can, so it is easier to prove that a program will always do what it is supposed to. In some functional languages, like Standard ML, Scheme, or Scala, side effects are not restricted, but programmers still try to use them less. In Haskell, actions with side effects must be stated explicitly—this makes it easier to tell what code does or does not have them. Mars Climate Orbiter The Mars Climate Orbiter was a space probe. It was launched by NASA on 11 December 1998 to study the Martian climate and Martian atmosphere. However, on 23 September 1999, communication with the spacecraft was lost, when the spacecraft was about to enter orbit. Because the computer software was working with non-SI units instead of the SI units. The spacecraft entered Mars on an orbit that brought it too close to the planet. However, what happened with the probe is still unknown, either it was destroyed in the atmosphere or entered in an orbit around the Sun after leaving the Martian atmosphere. Glauco Sansovini Glauco Sansovini (20 May 1938 – 21 May 2019) was a Sammarinese politician. He served as one of the Captains Regent of San Marino together with Marco Conti from 1 April 2010 to 1 October 2010. He was born in Rocca San Casciano, Italy. Sansovini died on 21 May 2019 in Borgo Maggiore, a day after his 81st birthday. Neville Lederle Neville Lederle (25 September 1938 – 17 May 2019) was a South African racing driver. He raced in two Formula One World Championship Grand Prix. His two F1 appearances were in the and South African Grand Prix. He scored a single F1 championship point. He was born in Theunissen, Orange Free State. Lederle died at his home in Knysna on 17 May 2019, at the age of 80. Scala (programming language) Scala is a general-purpose programming language—a language that is designed for solving all kinds of problems, not just a specific one. It provides support for functional programming, and is statically typed. It is designed to fix some problems with Java, and to be concise—to be able to express a lot with only a little bit of code. Scala code is supposed to be compiled into Java bytecode, so Scala code can be run on a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Scala has language interoperability with Java—Scala code can be used in Java programs, and the other way around. William Wyatt Bibb William Wyatt Bibb (2 October 1781 – 10 July 1820) was a United States Senator from Georgia. He was the first Governor of the U.S. state of Alabama. Bibb County, Alabama, and Bibb County, Georgia, are named for him. He was a member of the Democratic-Republican political party. Bibb served as governor of the Alabama Territory from August 1817 to December 1819, and as the first elected governor of the state of Alabama from December 1819 to his death on July 10, 1820. Shispare Shispare is a mountain in the Karakoram range, in Pakistan. It is the 38th highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top were H. Bleicher, L. Cichy, M. Grochowski, J. Holnicki-Szulc, A. Mlynarczyk, H. Oberhofer, and J. Poreba, in 1974. Piet Blauw Pieter Marinus "Piet" Blauw (30 September 1937 – 16 May 2019) was a Dutch politician and farmer. He was a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). He became a member of the House of Representatives in 1981, serving until 1998. He born in Alkmaar, North Holland. Blauw died on 16 May 2019 in Veendam, Groningen. He was 81. TEC-9 The Intratec TEC-9, also called a TEC-DC9, KG-99, or AB-10, is a blowback-operated semi-automatic pistol. Artemis program The Artemis program is an international human space-flight program. The goal is to return humans to the Moon by the year 2025. It will involve the first woman and thirteenth man to land on the moon. It is led by the United States and planned by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It will be the first lunar landing since Apollo 17 in 1972, which was the final lunar mission of the Apollo program. The Artemis program began in December 2017. It was created by bringing together many programs that had been started since 2009 by the United States as it tries to return to the moon. As a result of Artemis, the United States hopes that there will always be humans on the moon. One day the program might take humans to Mars and other places in the Solar System. As well as NASA, the Artemis program work is done by companies and other international organisations like European Space Agency. Khwe language Khwe (also rendered "Kxoe, Khoe"; or ) is a dialect continuum of the Khoe family of Namibia, Angola, Botswana, South Africa, and parts of Zambia, with some 8,000 speakers. Information commissioner An information commissioner is a government-appointed person who controls a country's laws regarding data. In the United Kingdom these are laws such as the Data Protection Act. Value (computer science) A value is a piece of information that can be used by a program. A group of values is sometimes called a type. Manual labour Manual labor is labor done "by hand". This means that it is physical work done by people. Examples of labor that is not manual include work done by machines, work done by animals, or work that is more focused on thinking, planning, or giving information to other people. While manual labor is often done with the hands, it does not always have to be—crushing grapes by walking on them is also an example of manual labor. Artemis 1 Artemis 1 (previously known as Exploration Mission-1 and before that Space Launch System-1) is the uncrewed flight of the Space Launch System and the second flight of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle. It was launched on 16th November, 2022, at 1:47 AM EST, from LC-39B in KSC, Florida. New Mexico Territory The Territory of New Mexico was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed (with varying boundaries) from September 9, 1850, until January 6, 1912, when the remaining extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of New Mexico, making it the longest-lived organized incorporated territory of the United States, lasting approximately 62 years. Kongur Tagh Kongur Tagh is a mountain in the Pamir range, in China. It is also known as Kongkoerh. It is the 37th highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top were Peter Boardman, Chris Bonington, Alan Rouse, and loe Tasker, in 1981. Muztagh Ata Muztagh Ata is a mountain in the Kunlun range, in China. It is also known as Muztagata. The name means "Father of Ice Mountain". It is the 43rd highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top were three members of Chinese and Soviet expedition, in 1956. Kongur Tiube Kongur Tiube is a mountain in the Pamir range, in China. It is also known as Jiubie. It is the 47th highest mountain in the world. Some consider it to be a sub-peak of Kongur Tagh instead of an independent mountain. Carlton, Nottinghamshire Carlton is a suburb to the east of the city of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, England. Notable people. Richard Beckinsale, actor and father of actresses Samantha Beckinsale and Kate Beckinsale, was born in Carlton in 1947. Clifton, Nottinghamshire Clifton is a former village and historic manor, which now forms part of the south western suburbs of the city of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, England, United Kingdom. Doug Wilson (rugby union) Douglas Dawson Wilson (30 January 1931 – 18 May 2019) was a New Zealand rugby union player. He was born in Whanganui, North Island. Wilson played for the provisional teams Canterbury and Wellington. He played for the New Zealand national rugby union team. He played 14 matches, including two internationals, and scored five tries and one drop goal. Wilson died at Kowhainui Hospital in Whanganui on 18 May 2019. He was 88. Judith Kerr Judith Kerr, OBE (surname pronounced ; 14 June 1923 – 22 May 2019) was a German-born British writer and illustrator. She was known for her "Mog" series and "The Tiger Who Came to Tea". She also wrote novels for young adults such as "When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit", which gave a child's-eye view of the Second World War. Kerr was born in Berlin, but moved to the United Kingdom before the Nazis rose to power because Kerr's father, openly a Nazi critic, was scared for his family's safety. Kerr later became a naturalized British subject. Kerr died on 22 May 2019 from a short-illness at her home in Barnes, London at the age of 95. Dumiso Dabengwa Dumiso Dabengwa (December 6, 1939– 23 May 2019) was a Zimbabwean politician. He was the head of Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) intelligence during the Rhodesian Bush War. He was Minister of Home Affairs from 1992 to 2000. He was a candidate of ZAPU for President of Zimbabwe during the 2013 general election. Dabengwa died on 23 May 2019 in Harare from liver disease at the age of 79. Mette Frederiksen Mette Frederiksen (born 19 November 1977) is a Danish Social Democrat politician. Frederiksen has been the 27th Prime Minister of Denmark since 27 June 2019. She has been a member of the Folketing since 2001. She worked in Helle Thorning-Schmidt's government as Minister of Employment from 2011 to 2014, and as Minister of Justice from 2014 to 2015. On 28 June 2015, Frederiksen replaced Thorning-Schmidt as leader of the Social Democrats. After the 2019 general election, her party won 49 out of 179 seats in the Folketing. She has been commissioned by Queen Margrethe II to lead the negotiations to form a new government. Frederiksen became the youngest Prime Minister in Danish history, at the age of 41 on 27 June 2019. Rolf Huisgen Rolf Huisgen (13 June 1920 – 26 March 2020) was a German chemist. In 1947, he was named professor at the University of Tübingen in 1949. He returned to the University of Munich in 1952 where he remained dedicated to research long after attaining emeritus status in 1988. His best known work was related to the 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reaction, also known as the Huisgen cycloaddition or Huisgen reaction. He is an important person in post-war chemistry departments in Germany and Austria, due to the large number of his "habilitants" becoming professors. His daughter, mathematician Birge Huisgen-Zimmermann was born in 1946. Huisgen died on 26 March 2020 at the age of 99. Beaton Tulk Beaton Tulk (May 22, 1944 – May 23, 2019) was a Canadian politician. He was the seventh Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador from 2000 to 2001. He was born in Ladle Cove, Newfoundland. He was a member of the Newfoundland House of Assembly from 1979 to 1989 and again from 1993 to 2002 as a Liberal. On December 16, 2002, Tulk was appointed by the federal government of Jean Chrétien to the Canadian Transportation Agency. In 2018, Flanker Press released his autobiography, "A Man of My Word". Tulk died of prostate cancer, one day after his 75th birthday on May 23, 2019 at his home in Musgravetown, Newfoundland and Labrador. Nanni Balestrini Nanni Balestrini (2 July 1935 – 19 May 2019) was an Italian experimental poet, author and visual artist. He was active in the Neoavanguardia movement. His works were written in Italian and were sometimes translated to English. He published many poetry collections and novels. He is well-known for his novels "Vogliamo tutto" (1971) and "Gli invisibili" (1987), among others. He was born in Milan. AMC Theatres AMC Theatres (referred to as simply AMC is a multi-nation owned movie theater chain based in Leawood, Kansas. It was founded in 1920. It has the largest share of American theater market, ahead of the Cineworld and Cinemark theater chains. AMC took over Odeon Cinemas, Carmike Cinemas and UCI Cinemas in 2016. At that point, it became the largest movie theater chain in the world and the United States. It has over 2,200 screens and 244 theatres in Europe. It owns over 8,200 screens and 661 theatres in the United States. R-rated movie policy. AMC Theatres has an R-rated policy. No person under age 17 can see an R-rated movie without having parents or a guardian 21 or older with them. Those who "are" 17 or older though look under age 25 must carry a photo ID and date of birth before being allowed to see R-rated movies. Children under age 6 are not allowed to see R-rated movies after 6 pm. Bobby Joe Long Robert Joseph Long (October 14, 1953 – May 23, 2019), also known as Bobby Joe Long, was an American serial killer and rapist. He abducted, sexually assaulted and murdered at least 10 women in the Tampa Bay Area in Florida during an eight-month period in 1984. For the murder of one of victims, Michelle Sims, he was sentenced to death. According to the Florida Department of Corrections, Long had one five-year sentence, four 99-year sentences, 28 life sentences and one death sentence. He was born in Kenova, West Virginia. Long was executed by lethal injection on May 23, 2019 at Florida State Prison in Raiford, Florida. Hosei Norota was a Japanese politician. He was a member of the People's New Party. He served in the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature). He was the Director-General of the national Defense Agency from 1998 to 1999. From 1995 to 1996, he served as the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Tomiichi Murayama's cabinet. He was born in Noshiro, Akita. Norota died of bladder cancer on 23 May 2019 in Tokyo. He was 89. Lionel Heinrich Lionel Grant Heinrich (April 20, 1934 – April 21, 2014) was a professional ice hockey player who played 35 games in the National Hockey League. He played with the Boston Bruins. Ralph Nattrass Ralph William Nattrass (May 26, 1925 – April 30, 2014) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 223 games in the National Hockey League. He would play all of his NHL career with the Chicago Black Hawks (1946–47 to 1949–50). In 2014, Nattress died at the Grey Nuns Community Hospital in Edmonton, Alberta. Ross Lonsberry David Ross Lonsberry (February 7, 1947 – May 4, 2014) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who played 15 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Boston Bruins, Los Angeles Kings, Philadelphia Flyers and Pittsburgh Penguins. Brian Marchinko Brian Nicholas Wayne Marchinko (August 2, 1948 – May 12, 2014) was a professional ice hockey player who played 47 games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played with the New York Islanders and Toronto Maple Leafs. He was born in Weyburn, Saskatchewan and died in Chilliwack, British Columbia. Fred Dunsmore Frederick Roy Dunsmore (March 30, 1929 – May 13, 2014) was a Canadian ice hockey centerman who was runner-up for Manitoba's "Athlete of the Century". He played baseball for the Winnipeg Goldeyes briefly in 1954. Neebing, Ontario Neebing is a municipality in the Canadian province of Ontario, located in the Thunder Bay District south of the city of Thunder Bay. It is part of Thunder Bay's Census Metropolitan Area. History. Neebing is made of the former geographic townships of Blake, Crooks, Pardee, Pearson and Scoble. It was created in its current form on January 1, 1999. It should not be confused with the geographic township of Neebing, which was merged into the City of Thunder Bay in 1970. The Municipality of Neebing was created in 1881 by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. It included Neebing township, Neebing Additional township, Blake, Crooks and Pardee townships. In 1892 all of Neebing Additional township and a large portion of Neebing township was removed to form the City of Fort William. In 1970 the remainder of Neebing township was also removed from the Municipality of Neebing, leaving it with only the name. Communities. The municipality includes the communities of Cloud Bay, Jarvis River, Moose Hill, Scoble West and Wamsley. Demographics. Population trend: Parastratiosphecomyia stratiosphecomyioides Parastratiosphecomyia stratiosphecomyioides is a species of flies in the soldier fly family (Stratiomyidae). The fly's obvious wasp-waist suggests it may be showing Batesian mimicry. Looking a bit like a wasp would presumable give it some protection. References. hi Phil Proctor Philip "Phil" Proctor (born July 28, 1940) is an American actor and screenwriter. He is a member of The Firesign Theatre. He has performed voice-over work for video games, movies and television shows. He was born in Goshen, Indiana and graduated from Yale University. He voiced Howard Deville in "Rugrats" and "All Grown Up!" on Nickelodeon and "background" voices for Disney features, also provided "additional voices" in Pixar films, as well as voice work on "Power Rangers Time Force". He also did two voices in the GameCube video Game "", and on the Playstation 2's "Dark Chronicle". He is the voice of The Professor and White Monkey in the "Ape Escape series". He voiced Dr. Warren Vidic in "Assassin's Creed" and Bob the Seahorse in "Finding Nemo". Filmography. Film. Both animated and live action: Anna Udvardy Anna Udvardy (1949 – 23 May 2019) was a Hungarian movie producer and production manager. She is best known for producing the short movie "Sing" (2016). The movie won Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film at the 89th Academy Awards in 2017. She was born in Budapest. Udvardy died on 23 May 2019, at the age of 69. Wayne Thiebaud Wayne Thiebaud (November 15, 1920 – December 25, 2021) was an American painter. He was best known for his paintings showing food and household items in many forms. He was said to be part of the pop art movement although his paintings predate the beginning of the movement. He was awarded the National Medal of Arts by President Bill Clinton in 1994. Thiebaud was born in Mesa, Arizona to Mormon parents. His family moved to Long Beach, California when he was six months old. He married twice and had four children, including Twinka Thiebaud (born 1945) and Paul Thiebaud (1960–2010). Thiebaud died on December 25, 2021 at his home in Sacramento, California at the age of 101. Estelle Parsons Estelle Margaret Parsons (born November 20, 1927) is an American actress, singer and stage director. She worked for the television program "Today" and first appeared on stage in 1961. During the 1960s, Parsons became known her career on Broadway becoming a movie actress. She is best known for her roles in the movies "Bonnie and Clyde" (1967), "Rachel, Rachel" (1968), "I Never Sang for My Father" (1970), "I Walk the Line" (1970) and "Boys on the Side" (1995). She won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in "Bonnie and Clyde", and for "Rachel, Rachel" was nominated with the same award. She later became known on television for her role as Beverly Harris in the sitcom "Roseanne". Parsons was born in Lynn, Massachusetts. She was married to Richard Gehman in 1953, before divorcing in 1958. The couple had twin daughters. She married Peter Zimroth in 1983 and have one son. Vijaya Mulay Vijaya Mulay (16 May 1921 – 19 May 2019) was an Indian filmmaker, historian, writer, educationist and researcher. She is best for directing and writing animated short movie "Ek Anek Aur Ekta" (1974). For the movie, she won the National Film Award for Best Educational Film. She was born in Bombay. Mulay died on 19 May 2019 at her south Delhi home. She was 98. Icona Pop Icona Pop is a Swedish electropop duo. They formed in 2009. They have electro house, indie pop and punk influences. The duo's two members are Caroline Hjeltt and Aino Jawo. Both singers grew up in Stockholm. From September 2012 on, the group is based in the United States, mainly in Los Angeles and New York City. The group's biggest hit was "I Love It", a 2012 electropop song. "I Love It" charted at #1 on the UK Singles Chart. World calendar The World Calendar is a variation of the of the Gregorian calendar. It was created by Elisabeth Achelis of Brooklyn, New York in 1930. Features. The World Calendar is a 12-month, perennial calendar with 4 seasonal quarters. Each quarter begins on Sunday and ends on Saturday. The quarters lengths are same: each has exactly 91 days, 13 weeks or 3 months. The three months have 31, 30, 30 days respectively. The World Calendar also has two extra days outside of the week to keep the new year days as same as the Gregorian calendar. Criticism. The main critics of The World Calendar are the leaders of religions that worship according to a seven-day cycle. Jews worship on Saturday, as in the Hebrew Bible: "Keep in memory the Sabbath and let it be a holy day" (). Christians worship on Sunday on which they believe Jesus was resurrected. Muslims worship on Friday on which they believe Adam was created. With the World calendar, their worship would change from year to year. So, the United Nations rejected the calendar. 2020 Belizean general election The 2020 Belizean general election will elect and the members of the House of Representatives in the National Assembly. On 14 March 2017, Prime Minister of Belize, Dean Barrow stated that he will call for early elections in November 2019. But in March 2018, Barrow pushed back and set it for 13 February 2020. On 22 May 2019, Barrow to the Media that he will strip off his call for early elections and insisted that there will be no General election before 1 November 2020 in Belize. Therefore, the next Belizean general election will be held on Sunday, 1 November 2020. Date. Deadline. The Deadline for Candidate Nominations will be on 1 October 2020, with political Campaigning lasting for four Weeks until Polling day on 1 November 2020. On the Day of the Election, Polling stations across the Country will be open from 7 am, and closed at 10 pm. The Date chosen for the election made it the third to be held in November since 1979. Eligibility. Individuals eligible to vote have to be registered to vote by Midnight on 26 September 2020. To be eligible to vote, Individuals had to be aged 18 or over; residing as a Commonwealth citizen at an address in Belize, or a Belizean citizen overseas who registered to Vote in the last 15 years and not legally excluded (on grounds of detainment in Prison, a Mental hospital, or on the run from Law enforcement) or disqualified from Voting. Anyone who qualified as an Anonymous elector will have until midnight on 26 October to Register. Previous election. The previous general election was held on 4 November 2015, and the new National Assembly was opened on 13 November 2015, which was also the date that the first sitting of the National Assembly of Belize began after the 2015 Belizean general election. According to Section 84 of the Constitution of Belize, the National Assembly of Belize (House of Representatives and Senate) must be dissolved every “five years from the date when the two Houses, first met” unless dissolved sooner by the Governor-General of Belize upon the advice of the Prime Minister. A general election must be called within three months of a dissolution, meaning the latest possible date for Barrow to call the next Belizean general election is on 13 February 2021. If by any chance the next Belizean general election is not held by 13 February 2021, Barrow may be forced to vacate the office of Prime Minister, however he may still remain as Leader of the United Democratic Party (UDP), but he will have to make a Snap! decision on a Caretaker Prime Minister of Belize to formally announce a date for the next general election. The Caretaker Prime Minister must be from the ruling, UDP and must also be a Cabinet minister in government. Despite the five-year term of the National Assembly, three of the last four general elections have been called at least a year early. Both Prime Minister, Dean Barrow and Leader of the Opposition, Johnny Briceño of the People’s United Party (PUP) are on record supporting lowering the maximum five-year term of the National Assembly of Belize to four years. This was also one of the promises that Briceño promised the People of Belize should the PUP be elected in the next election. Leadership. Barrow first declared on 1 March 2016 that he would be stepping down as Prime Minister on 13 February 2020 and is currently finding a suitable successor to succeed him for that position. He also told the Media that the next election is likely to be held in early 2020 and also scheduled a UDP Leadership convention and election in May 2019. His remarks came as he was being questioned about the then pending United Democratic Party First Deputy Leadership election and convention. On 1 April 2017, at the Belize Chamber of Commerce and Industry annual general meeting Barrow narrowed down his departure as Prime Minister to less than a year and stated that he will retire in March 2018. He also narrowed down the date of the Leadership convention to 13 February 2018. He also declared that “Since this will be my last opportunity to address your annual gathering, I close by saying how thankful I am for what has in the main been a constructive relationship with the Chamber”. It's important to point out that in early 2017, Barrow was ailing with excruciating back pain; a serious condition that he was enduring for some time. He could barely sit upright without visible signs of pain on his face, It is understandable then, that in such a poor and un-stabilised state of health and having archived a historic 3-peat in government, he would welcome retirement. But on 1 September 2018, things changed, after swiftly enduring the back pain for more than a year, Barrow with uncontrollable pain vested in his back, proceeded to Cuba and requested the Doctors in a hospital there to perform a Spinal Surgery, the Cuban Doctors did as they were told by Barrow and they also did a phenomenal job. The surgery was a success and after one week of rest and recovery, Barrow returned to perfect health. So after the surgery was over, Barrow rescheduled his retirement once again this time to December 2019 and hinted he could do so earlier and also rescheduled the date for the UDP’s Leadership convention back to May 2019. On 18 November 2018, Barrow’s cabinet by way of a strange press release urged him to remain as Prime Minister until the 2020 general election on 1 November 2020. They also urged him to remain as Leader of the UDP until February 2020. He said he will take that move and eventually for the final time, rescheduled the convention to February 2020. A significant walking back from his declaration at the 2017 Chamber meeting. On 4 December 2018, Minister of Human Development and Minister of Social Transformation, Anthony Martinez reveled to the media on why he and the Cabinet urged Barrow to remain as Prime Minister until 2020. Martinez stayed on course saying that Barrow ultimately took the decision and that the goal is for the currently leadership to take the UDP into a fourth term in government. A fourth term will be historic for the UDP as no political party in post-independence Belize has ever embarked on a fourth term. Plus this will also be a major upset for the majority of Belizeans who are expecting the PUP to cling win at the Next election. Timetable. The key dates are: Monday 10 February Minister of National Security, John Saldivar elected as Leader of the UDP he swears in the Title of UDP Leader-elect while Barrow remains Official Leader. Saldivar defeats his opponent Deputy prime minister, Patrick Faber receiving 342 votes of the 569 votes cast. Faber only received 227 votes. Tuesday 11 February Barrow continues to lead the UDP despite Sunday’s Leadership convention, the Party confirmed via Press release in the Evening. Wednesday 12 February John Saldivar resigns as UDP Leader-elect and suspended indefinitely as Minister of National Security by Barrow after he was found guilty of taking Money from accused United States Fraudster and Businessman, Lev Dermen and associates. In the morning of that day, Barrow called a Meeting in which all 31 UDP Standard-Bareers and Member of Parliaments were in attendance. There, he asked Saldivar to submit to Barrow his resignation Leader-Elect of the UDP and Saldivar agreed to do so. Soon after, Barrow issued a Statement to the Nation on the recent developments in the Party. Thursday 13 February John Saldivar formally resigns from Cabinet, in light of mounting allegations and calls for his Resignation. As a result, Saldivar is no longer Belize’s Minister of National Security and is no longer on the indefinite suspension he was placed on yesterday. This afternoon Saldivar submitted his letter of resignation to Prime minister, Dean Barrow. Friday 14 February Former UDP Leader-elect and Minister of National Security, John Saldivar issued a Statement confessing that he did receive Campaign contributions from International fraudster Lev Derman. Saturday 15 February The People’s United Party called for Press conference where it unveiled it's policies along with holding a National demonstration against Corruption and other ills. Leader Johnny Briceño sounded the clarion in the Morning as the fallout from from the John Saldivar saga continues to unravel. The PUP also introduced it's manifesto for the 2020 Election. Sunday 16 February New Financial year starts. Barrow is expected to leave office as Prime minister and UDP Leader, unless he wishes to stay on which is quite unlikely and will affect his party’s chances of winning the next Election. Saturday 26 September Deadline to register for Voting closes by Midnight. Thursday 1 October Nominations for Candidates closes and official start of Campaigning. Saturday 3 October Candidates lists are Published for each Constituency. Monday 26 October Deadline to register for Anonymous electors closes by Midnight. Sunday 1 November Polling Day - polls open 7 am to 10 pm Monday 2 November Results announced for all the 31 Constituencies. End of Purdah. Friday 13 November First Meeting of the new National Assembly of Belize, for the formal Election of a Speaker of the House of Representatives (Belize) and the swearing-in of Members, ahead of the State opening of the new National Assembly’s first Session. Sunday 15 November State Opening of Parliament. Background. United Democratic Party. The ruling United Democratic Party, which has been in power since 7 February 2008, will attempt to win a fourth consecutive general election. However, both major parties will be contesting this election with first-time leaders. UDP Leader and Prime Minister, Dean Barrow has stated he will step down from both positions on 2 November 2020, after the new Prime Minister of Belize has been officially sworn-in by Govonor-General, Colville Young. The UDP has initially scheduled a May 2019 convention and election, but after Barrow’s cabinet urged him to stay on as Prime Minister and Leader of the UDP, he pushed back that date in January 2019 to February 2020. Thus the United Democratic Party Leadership Convention and election will take place in February 2020. On 10 August 2019, The UDP’s National Party Council met and set the date of the UDP’s leadership convention and election on 9 February 2019. The venue will be at the Belize Civic Centre, according to the party organ, The Guardian. Deputy Prime Minister of Belize, Patrick Faber and Minister of National Security and Defence, John Saldivar will contest the position of, UDP Leader through other candidates can apply. Minister of Health, Pablo Marin will contest the position of, Deputy Leader of the UDP. Minister of Natural Resources, Hugo Patt is also expected to contest for Deputy Leader as well. Patt and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Wilfred Elrington was mentioned as possible candidates to contest the position of, UDP Leader. However, both declined the offer back in June 2018. On 5 June 2019, Belize Breaking News (BBN) published an article stating that the UDP has a high chance of capitalising and making history by wining a fourth consecutive term come 2020, given the results of the 2019 Belizean territorial dispute referendum went in the favour of the UDP. The UDP was Long campaigning for an “Yes” vote to bring Guatemala’s claim to the International Court of Justice (ICJ), while the PUP eyed the “No” vote while some of its Politicians still supported “Yes” as they thought that was the right thing to do. Nevertheless, results are results and this could determine who would win the next general election. The UDP, which has already served an unprecedented three consecutive terms has gone the extra mile in securing their mandate. A victory in the next election would be monumental as the party navigates new Leadership with the departure of several senior members. The UDP Cabinet, though marred by waves of Scandal and revelations of systemic Corruption across Government departments throughout its 11-year reign, has withered the political Storms. The UDP looks to continue its decade-Long Dominance (ethology) over Belizean Politics. People's United Party. The People’s United Party has yet to prove it can win a general election since its last victory in 2005, 14 years ago; a virtual eon in politics. Despite gains in Belize City in 2015, most notably Kareem Musa’s upset win over Belize City Mayor, Darrell Bradley in the Caribbean Shores constituency, the opposition PUP remained at 11 seats overall thanks to losses in the Cayo and Corozal Districts. However, after Former Senate President, Lee Mark Chang bested opponent Leila Peyrefitte in the UDP convention held in Carribean Shores constituency, there have been rumours that if the win indicated that Caribbean Shores would go red next year, also given that the “Yes” vote prevailed in Caribbean Shores for the 2019 Referendum. Area Representative, Kareem Musa said that he did not ask a single voter to vote yes or no in the referendum and that he is confident of next victory at polls. The PUP will run with Johnny Briceño as it's Leader. Francis Fonseca, who led the party during the past two general elections, resigned from leadership soon after the party’s 2015 loss. Although Briceño served a previous term as PUP leader from 2008 to 2011, he has yet to led the party during a General election and do what Fonseca could not, steer the party into a victory. On the morning of Briceño swearing-in as Leader of the party. Jaroslav Erik Frič Jaroslav Erik Frič (14 August 1949 – 24 May 2019) was a Czech poet, musician and publisher. He also helped organise underground culture festivals. Career. Since he did not support the Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia, he wrote samizdat poems. After the Velvet Revolution, he founded publishing houses. He later founded two non-governmental organisations to help minority groups and others. Beginning in 2000, he organised an annual poetry festival in Brno. He was born in Horní Libina. Personal life. Frič died of cancer on 24 May 2019 in Brno. He was 69. Kingdom of Koya The Kingdom of Kquoja or Koya or Koya Temne, or the Temne Kingdom (1505–1896), was a pre-colonial African state. It was located in the north of Sierra Leone. Its capital was at Cape Mount in what is now Liberia. The kingdom was founded by the Temne ethnic group in or around 1505. Migrants from the north who wanted to trade with the Portuguese in the south founded the kingom. It was ruled by a king called a Bai or Obai. The sub-kingdoms within the state were ruled by nobles titled "Gbana". The Koya Kingdom kept and maintained diplomatic relations with the British and French in the 18th century. Children of Temne nobles were allowed to get western educations abroad. Koya also traded with Islamic states to its north and had Muslims within its borders. Under Nembanga's reign (1775–1793), the Koya kingdom signed a treaty which made it possible for the establishment of a British colony on the peninsula of Sierra Leone in 1788. Koya participated in the trans-atlantic slave trade, though sources state that such commerce was much more privatized than in other kingdoms. Subjects of Koya traded in slaves on the coast even against the wishes of the state at times. From 1801 to 1807, Koya fought a war with British colonists and the Susu. Koya lost the northern shoreline of Sierra Leone to the British and Port Loko to the Susu. However, they remained a power in the region. In 1815, the Temne fought another war with the Susu and regained the port. In 1841, the Temne defeated the Loko tribe of Kasona on the Mabaole River dispersing many of the people. In response to a British bombardment, the kingdom expelled the Church Missionary Society missionaries operating at Magbela in 1860. The kingdom became a British protectorate August 31, 1896. At that point the Koya kings lost almost all power. Revolts of the Temne and Mende in 1898 were fierce but futile. The British would govern the area of the former kingdom until 1961. History. The Kingdom of Koya was ruled by King Kama from Kru people after his death his daughter Fatima Brima marries the general King Moribu Kindo Fondren a Black colonists from Brookly New York city he first became King in 1840 he taxed the town Monrovia and traded with Americans while one of the senators chief of Temne people Bakara a muslim in charge Temne State From 1801 to 1807, Temne islamist fought a war with British colonists and the Susu rebels was AfricanAmericans who established Freetown the African Americans wanted to expand east to harvest more land for wealth Temne State lost the northern shoreline of the eastern parts of the Sierra leon to the British and Port Loko to the Susu. However, they remained a power in the region. In 1815, the Temne fought another war with the Susu rebels and regained the port.When King Moribu Kindo Bai arrived in Monrovia he joined the Kingdom of Koya armed forces they were equiped with guns and swords some were even AfricanAmericans, rifleman wareing clothing and armor with Bai cresent logo attached Moribu Kindo became general in 1830 and in 1840 he became Monarch as master King Moribu Kindo Bai has always dreamed of establishing a republic like the one in America,because he herd his fellow African Americans at war with the Kingdom of Koya . In 1841 the Temne defeated the Loko tribe of Kasona on the Mabaole River dispersing many of the people, in 1848 King Moribu Kindo Bai, Harriet Tubman, mr. Joseph Roberts son of Robert Walpole British prime minister were at the "House of lords" in the Grand cape mount, Moribu Kindo Bai the senate elected Joseph Roberts as a wealthy AfricanAmerican who has a big harvest and trade with Americans to be the founding father of his own country, joseph Roberts named his country after the British Sierra leon flag that reads Britania auspice Liber, Liberty Liberia president of the federal republic of Liberia King Moribu Kindo Bai acknowledged Joseph Roberts to become president and rule it as his own country and help the Kingdom of Koya police the state. King Moribu Fondren grandson Prince Kanta from African Americans and his wife Princess Elika from Gola people went with 5,000 soldiers to fight in the American civil war with Liberian flags and establish settlements on the coast of South and North Carolina, Georgia and Florida. Today King Fondren Bai ll is Chairman of Republican Party Liberia and official monarch of Grand Cape Mount(Kingdom of Koya) County Liberia Kingdom of Koya Book. Kingdom of Koya is a subnational kingdom within Liberia. The kingdom of Koya is the African American ethnic group monarchy, Kingdom of Koya is the largest of the traditional kingdoms in present-day Africa, comprising all of the Grand Cape Mount county. Arthur. Wayne T Fondren Jr also named King Fondren Bai ll is the crowned prince of Kingdom of Koya monarchy, the African American Kingdom of America and Gola or Gullah people. The grandchild of Princess Mary jimenez first cousins included King Naimabanna | and many princesses who, along with King Fondren Bai ll. For most of his life before becoming Monarch, he was first in line to succeed his greatgrandfather Kanta Bai on the Koya Micronation thrones. the Year of the re-established U.S. Republican Party Liberia, making Fondren king. The Koya word is of English origin, and historically refers to Portuguese kingship, in the pre-Christian period a type of African American tribal kingship with Gola people. to a relatively modest African American family who spoke english only nobility. Peter Gammond Peter Gammond (30 September 1925 – 6 May 2019) was a British music critic, writer, journalist, musician, poet, and artist. Gammond was born in Winnington, Northwich, Cheshire. Upon returning to civilian life in 1947 Gammond continued his studies at Wadham College, Oxford, until 1950, where he read English. During his time at Oxford, he composed and produced an operetta, "Love and Learning". Gammond worked for a time in a West Country pub and as a rates assessor in Willesden, before joining the publicity department of the Decca Record Company in 1952, as an editor and sleeve-note writer. He died on 6 May 2019 at the age of 93. George Zweig George Zweig (; born May 30, 1937) is a Russian-American physicist. He was trained as a particle physicist under Richard Feynman. He is known for his works with Murray Gell-Mann especially when they created the quark model (although he named it "aces"). He later turned his works to neurobiology. He has worked as a Research Scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory and MIT, and in the financial services industry. Flaminia Jandolo Flaminia Jandolo (February 11, 1930 – May 22, 2019) was an Italian actress and voice actress. She dubbed many animated characters in Italian such as Lady in "Lady and the Tramp", the fairy Merryweather in "Sleeping Beauty", Perdita in "One Hundred and One Dalmatians" and Mrs. Brisby in "The Secret of NIMH". Jandolo died on May 22, 2019 in Rome at the age of 89. Marisol Nichols Marisol Nichols (born November 2, 1973) is an American actress. She is best known for her role in the sixth season of "24" as Special Agent Nadia Yassir and as Hermione Lodge in the 2017 thriller series "Riverdale". Nichols was born in Chicago. Camila Mendes Camila Carraro Mendes is an American actress. She was born in Charlottesville, Virginia. She is known for playing Veronica Lodge on The CW teen drama series "Riverdale". Colchagua (historical province) The historical province of Colchagua was one of the regions of Chile, between 1826 and 1976. Its capital was located in San Fernando during most of its existence. For some years, Curicó and Rancagua were capitals of Colchagua. History. The province of Colchagua was one of the former, primitive eight provinces of Chile (Coquimbo, Aconcagua, Santiago, Colchagua, Maule, Concepción, Valdivia, and Chiloé) created by the federal laws of 31 January 1826. Its territory comprised former delegations of Colchagua, Curicó and Talca. The province was sanctioned by the 1828 Constitution. During its early years, Colchagua was divided into the departments of San Fernando (cap. San Fernando), Curicó (cap. Curicó), and Talca (cap. Talca). In 1833, a new Constitution reorganized the country, creating departments, subdelegations and districts as lower entities of provinces. Later that year, by law dated August, the department of Talca was separated to create the province of Talca, and in 1834, the department of Caupolicán was created, with Rengo as its capital. Although the title of provincial capital was disputed by San Fernando, Curicó and Talca, depending on the desired residence of the intendant, a September 1840 decree established San Fernando as the definitive capital. In 1865, the department of Curicó was separated from Colchagua, in order to create the province of Curicó. On 17 September 1925, by Law Decree N.° 529, the department of San Vicente was created, separated from Caupolicán. In 1928, the government of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo decided to reorganize the provinces of Chile, by Decree with Law Force N.° 8.582 dated 28 January 1929. The new province of Colchagua incorporated the departments of Rancagua (cap. Rancagua) and Cachapoal (cap. Peumo), originally from the province of O'Higgins, and the department of Santa Cruz (cap. Santa Cruz), which belonged to the province of Curicó. Because of public discontent, the former provinces of O'Higgins and Colchagua were re-established by Law 5.376, in January 1934. Colchagua kept the departments of San Fernando and Santa Cruz. In 1973, under the government of Salvador Allende, the department of Cardenal Caro was created (cap. Marchigüe). In July 1974, a new reform took place, directed by the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, who created regions. On 1 January 1976, the new VI Región (Sixth Region) came into existence, with the territory of former provinces of O'Higgins and Colchagua. Former departments of San Fernando, Santa Cruz and Cardenal Caro were supressed. In 1979, the region was renamed VI Región del Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins (Sixth Region of Liberator General Bernardo O'Higgins, in short, Region of O'Higgins). Its territory comprises current provinces of Cachapoal, Colchagua and Cardenal Caro. Joseph Nye Joseph Samuel Nye Jr. (born January 19, 1937) is an American political scientist, writer and politician. He was born in South Orange, New Jersey. A neoliberal and Democrat, he is best known for his 1977 book "Power and Interdependence" and for his theories and explanations between soft and hard power in the international political scale. Nye was Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs for President Bill Clinton from 1994 to 1995. Before, he was Chair of the National Intelligence Council from 1993 to 1994. Wonder Stories Wonder Stories is an early American science fiction magazine. It was published under several titles from 1929 to 1955. Hugo Gernsback started the magazine after he had lost control of his first science fiction magazine, "Amazing Stories". "Air Wonder Stories" and "Science Wonder Stories" were merged in 1930 as "Wonder Stories". The magazines were not financially successful, and in 1936 Gernsback sold "Wonder Stories" to Ned Pines at Beacon Publications, where, retitled "Thrilling Wonder Stories", it continued for nearly 20 years. The last issue was dated Winter 1955, and the title was then merged with "Startling Stories", another of Pines' science fiction magazines. The editors under Gernsback's ownership were David Lasser, who worked hard to improve the quality of the fiction, and, from mid-1933, Charles Hornig. Publication history. Gernsback era. Gernsback's new magazine, "Amazing Stories", was successful, but Gernsback lost control of the publisher when it went bankrupt in February 1929. Gernsback claimed that science fiction was educational. In 1930, Gernsback decided to merge "Science Wonder Stories" and "Air Wonder Stories" into "Wonder Stories". The first issue of the merged magazine appeared in June 1930, still on a monthly schedule, with Lasser as editor. "Wonder Stories" had a circulation of about 25,000 in 1934. "Thrilling Wonder Stories". Pines' magazines included several with "Thrilling" in the title, such as "Thrilling Detective" and "Thrilling Love Stories". The title was changed to "Thrilling Wonder Stories" to match the rest of the "Thrilling" line. The first issue appeared in August 1936—four months after the last Gernsback "Wonder Stories" appeared. Yemeni Civil War (2014–present) The Yemeni Civil War is an ongoing war that began in 2015 between two factions: the Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi led Yemeni government and the Houthi armed movement, along with their supporters and allies. Background. Both sides claim to constitute the official government of Yemen. Houthi forces currently controlling the capital Sanaʽa, allied with forces loyal to the former president Ali Abdullah Saleh, have clashed with the forces loyal to Hadi who are based in Aden. Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant have also carried out attacks, with AQAP controlling swathes of territory in the hinterlands, and along stretches of the coast. On 21 March 2015, after taking over Sanaʽa and the Yemeni government, the Houthi-led Supreme Revolutionary Committee declared a general mobilization to overthrow Hadi and expand their control by driving into southern provinces. The Houthi offensive, allied with military forces loyal to Saleh, began fighting the next day in Lahij Governorate. By 25 March, Lahij fell to the Houthis and they reached the outskirts of Aden, the seat of power for Hadi's government. Hadi fled the country the same day. At the same time, a coalition led by Saudi Arabia launched military operations by using air strikes to restore the former Yemeni government. The United States provided intelligence and logistical support for the campaign. Damages. According to the UN and other sources, from March 2015 to December 2017, between 8,670–13,600 people were killed in Yemen, including more than 5,200 civilians. They estimated more than 50,000 have died as a result of an ongoing famine due to the war. With Iran suporting the Huthi and Saudi Arabia opposing them, the conflict has been widely seen as a proxy war and a means for Saudi Arabia to combat Iranian influence in the region. Starvation. In 2018, the United Nations warned that 13 million Yemeni civilians face starvation in what it says could become "the worst famine in the world in 100 years." The international community sharply condemned the Saudi Arabian-led bombing campaign, which included widespread bombing of civilian areas. The bombing campaign has killed or injured an estimated 17,729 civilians as of March 2019 according to the Yemen Data Project. Despite this, the crisis gained less international media attention than the Syrian civil war. The US has been providing bombs to aid the Saudi forces and airstrikes in Yemen. In March 2019, this led the US senate to pass a resolution to end US support of Saudi Arabia. It was vetoed by President of the United States Donald Trump, and in May, the Senate failed to override the veto. Scott Bailey (bishop) The Right Reverend Scott Field Bailey was the 6th diocesan bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of West Texas, a district of the Episcopal Church consisting of part of Texas, from 1977 to 1987. He was born on October 7, 1916, in Houston, Texas and died in San Antonio, Texas on April 9, 2005. References. Scott Bailey (actor) Scott Michael Bailey (born December 16, 1978) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Sandy Foster on the CBS soap opera "Guiding Light" and as Roman Martin on the MyNetworkTV limited-run serial "Saints & Sinners". He has acted in movies including Bank Roll, and Timeless. Rocketdyne F-1 The Rocketdyne F-1 was the rocket engine used on Saturn V. Although it had some problems during test, it never failed in flight. It was first flown in Apollo 4. It was also planned to use on following rockets: Stephen Thorne Stephen Thorne (2 March 1935 – 26 May 2019) was a British actor. He largely worked in radio, appearing in over 2000 BBC broadcasts. He is well-known for his roles as villains Omega, Azal and Eldrad in "Doctor Who". He acted in other TV series including "Z-Cars", "Crossroads" and "Last of the Summer Wine". He recorded over 300 audiobooks including children's stories. He was born in London and trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA). Thorne died on 26 May 2019, at the age of 84. Jean Burns Jean Ethel Burns (December 1919 – 25 May 2019) was an Australian aviatrix. She was the first Australian woman to parachute from an aeroplane over Australia. She also held the title of being the youngest female pilot in Australia for 15 years, between 1937 and 1952. She was born in the inner Melbourne, Victoria suburb of Brunswick East. Burns died on 25 May 2019, at the age of 99. Vittorio Zucconi Vittorio Guido Zucconi (16 August 1944 – 26 May 2019) was an Italian journalist and author. He was also a naturalized U.S. citizen. He was director of the online edition of the newspaper "la Repubblica". He also served as the U.S. correspondent for the same newspaper. He also reported for the newspapers "Corriere della Sera" and "La Stampa". He was awarded the America Award of the Italy–USA Foundation in 2015. Zucconi was born in the Emilia-Romagnan "comune" of Bastiglia, Province of Modena. He was married and had two children. He lived in Washington, D.C. until his death. Zucconi died on 26 May 2019 in Washington, D.C., at the age of 74. Charles C. Pattillo Charles Curtis "Buck" Pattillo (June 3, 1924 – May 20, 2019) was an American Air Force lieutenant general. He was deputy commander in chief, U.S. Readiness Command and vice director of the Joint Deployment Agency with headquarters at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida. In 1953, he helped organize and then flew left wing for the U.S. Air Force demonstration team, the "Thunderbirds". He was born in Atlanta, Georgia. His twin brother was Cuthbert A. Pattillo. Pattillo died on May 20, 2019, at the age of 94. Abdel Latif El Zein Abdel Latif El Zein (‎; 23 November 1932 – 26 May 2019) was a Lebanese politician. He served as a member of the Lebanese Parliament from 1960 to 2018. He was also the national Minister of Agriculture. He was born in Kfar Remen. Zein died on 26 May 2019, at the age of 86. Golden (Kylie Minogue album) Golden is the fourteenth studio album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue. It was released worldwide on 6 April 2018 by BMG Rights Management. Most of the album was recorded in Nashville, Tennessee and spawned six singles. Minogue described the album as one of her most personal efforts, writing songs about topics like failed relationships, death and having fun. Track listing. Credits taken from album notes. KylieFever2002 KylieFever2002 was the seventh concert tour by Australian singer Kylie Minogue. The tour was created to promote her eighth studio album, "Fever" (2001). It began in Cardiff, Wales on 26 April 2002 and ended on 16 August 2002 in Melbourne, Australia. Background. At the time, KylieFever2002 was the biggest tour Minogue had created. The album and its music videos were able to provide and inspire multiple stage sets and costume changes. It also had a much larger budget than past tours, due to the success of the album and its singles. The tour was sponsored by Evian, a brand of mineral water, and Vodafone, a mobile phone network operator. At each of the shows in the United Kingdom, Evian provided free bottles of their water with the name 'Kylie' written on them. A special webcast of a show at the Manchester Evening News Arena was shown on MSN UK live for fans across the world. Set list. Act 1: Silvanemesis Act 2: Droogie Nights Act 3: The Crying Game Act 4: Street Style Act 5: Sex in Venice Act 6: Cybertronica Act 7: Voodoo Inferno Encore Anand Panyarachun Anand Panyarachun (, , ; born 9 August 1932) is a Thai politician. He was the Prime Minister between 1991–1992 and again during the latter half of 1992. Suchinda Kraprayoon Suchinda Kraprayoon (; , born 6 August 1933) is a Thai politician. He was the Prime Minister of Thailand from 7 April 1992 until 24 May 1992. Chavalit Yongchaiyudh Chavalit Yongchaiyudh (, , ; born 15 May 1932), also known as "Big Jiew" (, , ), is a Thai politician and retired army officer. In 1990 he founded the New Aspiration Party which he led until 2002. He was Thailand's 22nd Prime Minister of Thailand from 1996 to 1997. Umar Ghalib Umar Arteh Ghalib or Omer Carte Qalib (, ) (1930 – 18 November 2020) was a Somali politician. He was Prime Minister of Somalia from January 24, 1991 to May 1993. Ghalib died on 18 November 2020 at the age of 90. Anthony Graziano Anthony A. Graziano (November 12, 1940 – May 25, 2019) was an American mobster and consigliere. He worked in the Bonanno crime family. In 1990, Graziano pleaded guilty to federal tax evasion. He had failed to pay $100,000 to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). In September 2002, Graziano was indicted on federal racketeering and extortion charges, bookmaking, and murder based on recorded conversations with his son-in-law and Hector Pagan Graziano, Jr. and conspiracy to commit murder. On July 18, 2003, Graziano was sentenced to 11 years in prison on the Florida charges. On November 13, 2003, Graziano was sentenced to nine years in prison on the New York charges. He was suffering from diabetes and bladder cancer. Graziano died on May 25, 2019 at the age of 78. Dmytro Kremin Dmytro Dmytrovych Kremin (; August 21, 1953 – May 25, 2019) was a Ukrainian poet, journalist, translator and scholar. Kremin was The Taras Shevchenko National Literary Prize in 1999. He was known for his book of poems called "Pectoral". He was born in Irshava district of Transcarpathia (Zakarpattia region), Ukraine. Kremin died on May 25, 2019 in Mykolaiv, Ukraine at the age of 65. Mira Zakai Mira Zakai (‎; 21 September 1942 – 20 May 2019) was an Israeli opera singer. She was a contralto. She was born in Jerusalem. She worked with Yehudi Menuhin. She appeared with Menuhin at a concert in Castel Gandolfo for Pope John Paul II. Before this, she appeared in Menuhin's festival as a soloist in Bach's "Mass in B minor". Her recording of Mahler's Symphony No. 2 with Georg Solti won the Grammy Award for Best Overall Classical Recording in 1982. She studied at the University of Tel Aviv, where she later served as a professor. On 20 May 2019, Zakai died of problems caused by a stroke she had a year before. She was 76. Ibrahim Lame Ibrahim Yakubu Lame (10 February 1953 – 26 May 2019) was a Nigerian educator and politician. He served in the Senate from 1992 to 1993. He was made Minister of Police Affairs by President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua in 2008, serving until 2010. He was born in Bauchi State. Lame died on 26 May 2019 in Abuja, at the age of 66. Hampton, Victoria Hampton is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, . At the 2011 Census, Hampton had a population of 12,482. Andrew Peacock Andrew Sharp Peacock AC GCL (13 February 1939 – 16 April 2021) was an Australian politician and diplomat. He was leader of the Liberal Party (1983–1985 and 1989–1990). During his leadership, the party lost in the 1984 and 1990 elections. When John Howard became Prime Minister, he made Peacock the Australian Ambassador to the United States. Peacock died at his Austin, Texas home on 16 April 2021, aged 82. Siamodon Siamodon is an iguanodontian dinosaur found in the Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. Bill Blair Bill Blair may refer to: Bill Blair (racing driver) Bill Blair (July 14, 1911 in High Point, North Carolina, US – November 2, 1995) was an American stock car racing driver in the 1940's and the 1950's, and he was one of the pioneers of NASCAR. Wins. Blair won three NASCAR Strictly Stock/Grand National races: Memorial. Blair, Jimmie Lewallen, and Fred Harb are the subject of the independent movie "Red Dirt Rising", which is based on the book "Red Dirt Tracks: The Forgotten Heroes of Early Stockcar Racing" by Gail Cauble Gurley. Trivor Trivor is a mountain in the Karakoram range, in Pakistan. It is the 39th highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top were Jack Sadler and Wilfrid Noyce, in 1960. Waterhole A waterhole or water hole is a depression in the ground in which water can collect. Waterhole or water hole may also refer to: The Water Hole The Water Hole is a 1928 American Western film directed by F. Richard Jones starring Jack Holt, Nancy Carroll, and John Boles It was based on a novel by Zane Grey and released by Paramount Pictures. The film had sequences filmed in Technicolor, and it was shot during July in Death Valley, California. No copies of "The Water Hole" are known to exist, suggesting that it is a lost film. Chumbawamba Chumbawamba were a British alternative rock group. They were formed in 1982. They stopped in 2012. The band constantly changed their musical style. They music genres included punk rock, pop and folk. The band were known for the 1997–98 hit song "Tubthumping". That was nominated for the Best British Single at the 1998 Brit Awards. Between 31 October and 3 November 2012, Chumbawamba played their last three shows. Veeru Devgan Veeru Devgan (25 June 1934 — 27 May 2019) was an Indian stunt and action choreographer and movie director. He was active in helping create fight and action scenes in over 80 Hindi movies, including "Inkaar" (1977). He directed the action movie "Hindustan Ki Kasam" (1999). He was born in Amritsar, Punjab. Devgan died of a cardiac arrest on 27 May 2019 in Mumbai. He was 85. Margaret-Ann Armour Margaret-Ann Armour (September 6, 1939 – May 25, 2019) was a Scottish-born Canadian chemist. She is best known for her work in creating guidelines for hazardous laboratory waste disposal. She was also a voice for women in science. She founded the Women in Scholarship, Engineering, Science and Technology (WISEST) program. She was a professor at the University of Alberta. She was named a member of the Order of Canada in 2006, and a Canada 150 ambassador in 2017. She was born in Glasgow. Armour died on May 25, 2019, at the age of 79. Tsilkani Tsilkani () is a big village in Mtskheta, Georgia. There is public school in the village. Alan Murray (golfer) Alan Albert Murray (17 June 1940 – 24 May 2019) was an Australian professional golfer. He was born in Sydney, New South Wales. He played golf around the world and won 76 tournaments. Notable wins by Murray include the 1962 French Open, the 1961 Australian PGA Championship and the 1967 Australian Wills Masters. He was the 1961 Australian PGA Order of Merit winner. He finished tied for 19th in the 1964 Open Championship. He represented Australia at the 1967 World Cup in Mexico City. Murray died of skin cancer in Perth, Western Australia on 24 May 2019. He was 78. Gianfranco Bozzao Gianfranco Bozzao (3 August 1936 – 24 May 2019) was an Italian footballer. He played as a defender. Bozzoa was born in Venice. He played for Fiorentina, Salernitana, Arezzo, SPAL, Juventus and Piacenza during the 1950s and 1960s. He died in Ferrara in 2019, at the age of 82. Harry Hood (footballer) Henry Anthony Hood (3 October 1944 – 26 May 2019) was a Scottish football player and manager. He played as a forward. Hood was born in Glasgow. During the 1960s and 1970s, he played for Clyde, Celtic, Motherwell and Queen of the South in Scotland, Sunderland in England and San Antonio Thunder in the United States. He won over ten domestic honours with Celtic. He later managed Albion Rovers and Queen of the South during the early 1980s. Hood died on 26 May 2019, at the age of 74. Thembinkosi Mbamba Thembinkosi Khumo Mbamba (9 September 1995 – 25 May 2019) was a South African professional footballer. He played as a forward. Mbamba played for TS Galaxy of the National First Division. He won the 2018–19 Nedbank Cup with TS Galaxy on 18 May 2019. On 25 May 2019, a week after winning the final, he died in a car accident in Duduza, Gauteng. American Bar Association The American Bar Association (ABA), founded August 21, 1878, is a federal American association for lawyers who practice law in the United States. It is also the accrediting body for all law schools in the United States. It is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. Bill Buckner William Joseph Buckner (December 14, 1949 – May 27, 2019) was an American professional baseball player. He played as a first baseman in Major League Baseball (MLB) between 1969 and 1990. During his career, he played for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Chicago Cubs, Boston Red Sox, California Angels and Kansas City Royals. He won a batting title in 1980. He also represented the Cubs at the All-Star Game in 1981. Buckner famously made an error fielding a ground ball in the tenth inning when playing for the Red Sox that ended Game 6 of the 1986 World Series against the New York Mets. The moment has since become a very famous event in baseball history. Buckner was born in Vallejo, California. He was married to Jody and had three children. Buckner died of Lewy body dementia on May 27, 2019 in Boise, Idaho. He was 69. Gangkhar Puensum Gangkhar Puensum is a mountain in the Himalayas range, in Bhutan and Tibet. It is the 40th highest mountain in the world. It is also known as Kangkar Pünzum. The name means "White Peak of the Three Spiritual Brothers". No one has ever made it to the top of Gangkhar Puensum. It is the highest mountain in the world that has never been climbed. Details about the mountain have not always been correct. It was first measured in 1922, but not all maps showed the same height. There was also confusion on the location of the mountain. Some maps showed it in different places than others. Due to this confusion, the first team to try to climb it wasn’t even able to find it at all. The present listed height and location are from China, as Bhutan has not surveyed the mountain. A few people have tried to climb the mountain in the past, but none succeeded. In 1994, Bhutan made a law that no one could climb above . Then in 2003, they banned all climbing. As long as the ban is in place, it is unlikely that anyone will reach the top from the Bhutan side. While it may be possible to start the climb in Tibet, China has not allowed it. Tibet is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC). This is a political decision due to issues in the border region between China and Bhutan. There is a border dispute between the two countries. Gabriel Diniz José Gabriel de Souza Diniz (18 October 1990 – 27 May 2019), better known as Gabriel Diniz, was a Brazilian singer and guitarist. He became known nationally in Brazil following his hit single "Jenifer", released in 2018. He released three studio albums, the first coming in 2016. He worked with Wesley Safadão on the 2017 single "Acabou Acabou". He was born in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. On 27 May 2019, Diniz was killed in a plane crash in Estância, Sergipe. Contour integral In complex analysis, contour integration is a way to calculate an integral around a contour on the complex plane. In other words, it is a way of integrating along the complex plane. More specifically, given a complex-valued function formula_1 and a contour formula_2, the contour integral of formula_1 along formula_2 is written as formula_5 or formula_6. Calculating contour integrals with the residue theorem. For a standard contour integral, we can evaluate it by using the residue theorem. This theorem states that formula_7 where formula_8 is the residue of the function formula_9, formula_2 is the contour located on the complex plane. Here, formula_9 is the integrand of the function, or part of the integral to be integrated. The following examples illustrate how contour integrals can be calculated using the residue theorem. Multivariable contour integrals. To solve multivariable contour integrals (contour integrals on functions of several variables), such as surface integrals, complex volume integrals and higher order integrals, we must use the divergence theorem. For right now, let formula_14 be interchangeable with formula_15. These will both serve as the divergence of the vector field written as formula_16. This theorem states that: formula_17 In addition, we also need to evaluate formula_18, where formula_19 is an alternate notation of formula_20. The divergence of any dimension can be described as The following examples illustrate the use of divergence theorem in the calculation of multivariate contour integrals. Example 1. Let the vector field formula_22 be bounded by the following conditions The corresponding double contour integral would be set up as such: We now evaluate formula_24 by setting up the corresponding triple integral: From this, we can now evaluate the integral as follows: formula_26 Example 2. Given the vector field formula_27 and formula_28 being the fourth dimension. Let this vector field be bounded by the following: To evaluate this, we use the divergence theorem as stated before, and evaluate formula_24 afterwards. Let formula_31, then: From this, we now can evaluate the integral: Thus, we can evaluate a contour integral of the fourth dimension. Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold Eric David Harris (April 9, 1981 – April 20, 1999) and Dylan Bennet Klebold (September 11, 1981 – April 20, 1999) were an American mass murder duo. On April 20, 1999, the pair killed 13 and wounded 24 others at the high school they both attended in Columbine, Colorado. Both Harris and Klebold also killed themselves in school's library. The event became known as the Columbine High School massacre. The school shooting and attempted bombing has gained a lot of notoriety. Harris and Klebold have been described as cultural icons and had a large impact on popular culture. The duo have been referenced in many different types of media. Harris was born in Wichita, Kansas. His father was a U.S. Air Force transport pilot. He moved with his family to Littleton, Colorado in 1993. Klebold was born in Lakewood, Colorado. The pair met in middle school and became close friends. Both have been said to have different personalities and be targets of bullying. Harris was described as being more outgoing and charismatic. Klebold has been described as being more quiet and shy. Harris and Klebold both worked at a local pizza chain. In 1998, they broke into a van and stole equipment. They were charged with mischief, breaking and entering, trespassing and theft. At the time of the massacre, Harris was 18 and Klebold was 17. Aharon Razin Aharon Razin (Hebrew: אהרון רזין) (April 6, 1935 – May 27, 2019) was an Israeli biochemist. He was born in Tel Aviv. He won the Israel Prize in 2004 and the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 2008. Razin's works focused on the metabolism of nucleic acids and the biochemical faults in patients with gout. Razin died on May 27, 2019 in Jerusalem at the age of 84. John Pinto John Pinto (December 15, 1924 – May 24, 2019) was an American Democratic politician. He was a member of the New Mexico Senate from 1977 until his death in 2019. He was the longest-serving member in the Senate. Pinto represented the 3rd District. Pinto was born in Lupton, Arizona, in the Navajo Nation. He was in the United States Marine Corps during World War II and was a Navajo code talker. Pinto died in Gallup, New Mexico, on May 24, 2019 at the age of 94. Lupton, Arizona Lupton () is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Apache County, Arizona, United States. Lupton is near Interstate 40 at the New Mexico border. It is southwest of Gallup, New Mexico. As of the 2010 census, the Lupton CDP had a population of 25. Edmund Morris (writer) Arthur Edmund Morris (May 27, 1940 – May 24, 2019) was a Kenyan-born British-American writer. He was born in Nairobi, Kenya. Morris was best known for his biographies of United States Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan. Morris's first book, "The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt", was the first volume of what would eventually become a trilogy on the life of the 26th president and won the 1980 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography and the 1980 National Book Award for biography. In 1981, Ronald Reagan became President of the United States and was impressed by a reading of "The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt". In 1985, Reagan made Morris his official biographer. In 1999, Morris published "". He was a travel journalist and wrote for "The New Yorker", "The New York Times", and "Harper's Magazine". Morris died on May 24, 2019 in Kent, Connecticut from a stroke at the age of 78. Khoo Kay Kim Khoo Kay Kim (; 28 March 1937 – 28 May 2019) was a Malaysian historian. He was born in Kampar, Perak to a family of Chinese heritage. He was an emeritus professor in the history department of the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur. He was one of the co-authors of "Rukunegara". In January 2011, Khoo was named Chancellor of KDU University College. Khoo died of respiratory failure on 28 May 2019 in Petaling Jaya, Selangor. He was 82. Aurèle Joliat Aurèle Émile "Mighty Atom, Little Giant" Joliat (August 29, 1901 – June 2, 1986) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who played 16 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Montreal Canadiens. Nana Saheb Peshwa II Nana Saheb (19 May 1824 – 24 September 1859), born as Dhondu Pant, was an Indian Peshwa of the Maratha empire. An aristocrat and fighter, he led the rebellion in Cawnpore (Kanpur) during the 1857 uprising. As the adopted son of the exiled Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao II, Nana Sahib believed that he should get a pension from the English East India Company, but the contract is unclear. He later disappeared, after his forces were defeated by a British force that recaptured Cawnpore. He was led to the Nepal Hills where he died on 24 September 1859. Role in the 1857 uprising. Nana Sahib won the confidence of Charles Hillersdon, the Collector of Kanpur. It was planned that Nana Sahib would assemble a force of 1,500 soldiers to support the British, in case the rebellion spread to Cawnpore. On 6 June 1857, at the time of the rebellion by forces of the East India Company at Cawnpore, the British contingent had taken refuge at an entrenchment in the northern part of the town. Amid the prevailing chaos in Cawnpore, Nana and his forces entered the British magazine in the northern part of the town. However, once he entered the magazine, Nana Sahib announced that he was a participant in the rebellion against the Company, and intended to be a vassal of Bahadur Shah II. After taking possession of the Company treasury, Nana advanced up the Grand Trunk Road stating that he wanted to restore the Maratha confederacy under the Peshwa tradition, and decided to capture Cawnpore. On his way, Nana met the rebel Company soldiers at Kalyanpur. The soldiers were on their way to Delhi, to meet Bahadur Shah II. Nana wanted them to go back to Cawnpore, and help him defeat the British. The soldiers were reluctant at first, but decided to join Nana when he promised to double their pay and reward them with gold, if they were to destroy the British entrenchment. Apolo Nsibambi Apolo Robin Nsibambi (25 October 1940 – 28 May 2019) was a Ugandan academic and politician. He served as the 8th Prime Minister of Uganda from 5 April 1999 until 24 May 2011. He was a member of the National Resistance Movement. Before becoming Prime Minister, he served as Minister of Public Service (1996–1998) and Minister of Education and Sports (1998–1999). He was also the chancellor of Makerere University from 2003 to 2007. Nsibambi died on 28 May 2019 of cancer at the age of 78. Tony Horwitz Anthony Lander Horwitz (June 9, 1958 – May 27, 2019) was an American journalist and author. He won a Pulitzer Prize in 1995. His books include "One for the Road: a Hitchhiker's Outback" (1987), "Baghdad Without a Map" (1991), "Confederates in the Attic" (1998), "Blue Latitudes" (also known as "Into the Blue") (2002), "A Voyage Long and Strange: Rediscovering the New World" (2008) and "Midnight Rising: John Brown and the Raid That Sparked the Civil War" (2011). In 1994, he won the James Aronson Award. In 1995, he won the Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting for stories about conditions of low-income workers in the US, published in "The Wall Street Journal". He also wrote for "The New Yorker" and "The New York Times". Horwitz was born in Washington, D.C. to a Jewish family. He married Australian writer Geraldine Brooks in 1984. She won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 2006 for her novel, "March" (2005). The couple had two children. Horwitz died on May 27, 2019 in Washington, D.C., at the age of 60. Nicolae Pescaru Nicolae Pescaru (27 March 1943 – 25 May 2019) was a Romanian football player and manager. He played as a midfielder. Pescaru was born in Breaza, Prahova County. He played for Steagul Roşu Braşov between 1962 and 1981, making over 300 league appearances. He played four times for Romania national football team. He played for his country at the 1970 FIFA World Cup. He later had two stints as the manager of Steagul Roşu Braşov from 1981 to 1982, and from 1993 to 1994. Pescaru died on 25 May 2019, at the age of 76. Manuel Pazos Manuel Pazos González (17 March 1930 – 24 May 2019) was a Spanish professional footballer. He played a goalkeeper. Pazos was born in Cambados, Galicia. His career spanned between 1951 and 1969. During his career, he played for Celta Vigo, Real Madrid, Hércules, Atlético Madrid and Elche. Pazos died on 24 May 2019, at the age of 89. Zlatko Škorić Zlatko Škorić (27 July 1941 – 23 May 2019) was a Croatian footballer. He played a goalkeeper. Škorić was born in Zagreb. He played professionally between 1960 and 1976 for many clubs, including Dinamo Zagreb, Stuttgart, Bayern Munich and Zagreb. He also played eight games for Yugoslavia. He played for the Yugoslav team at the 1964 Summer Olympics. Škorić died on 23 May 2019 in Zagreb, at the age of 78. Housing in the United States Housing is an important part of the US economy. It is about 15% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Housing contributes to both the private investment component of the GDP as well as the consumption component. Private investment housing component. This is the part of the GDP that comes from construction, renovation, and home purchase fees. In 2000 it contributed $425 billion or 4% to the GDP (25% to the private investment component) Personal consumption component. This is the part of the GDP comes from real estate rentals. In 2000 it contributed $959 billion, or 10% to the GDP (14% of the personal consumption component). Affordable housing. Homes in 2019 in the United States were least affordable to purchase compared to any other year in the last ten last years. This is because home prices are increasing much faster than wages. According to USA Today, cities with large universities were a good choice for university students after they graduate. For example, Madison in Wisconsin, which has a large University called the University of Wisconsin-Madison, has very affordable housing. Bad Guy (Billie Eilish song) "Bad Guy" (stylized in lowercase) is a song recorded by American singer Billie Eilish. It is featured on her debut album, "When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?" Eilish co-wrote the song with her brother Finneas, who produced it. The song reached the top of the charts in Australia, Canada, and the US. "Bad Guy" is mostly an electroscopic song but features a trap music breakdown in the last 33 seconds of the song. It features finger snaps and clicks throughout the song. On July 11, 2019, Eilish released a remix of the song with Canadian singer Justin Bieber. He tweeted, "Remix" a few days before this version's release. On August 19, 2019, "Billboard" announced that "Bad Guy" had reached the top of the Hot 100 in the US, after spending nine weeks at number two. This made Eilish the first artist born in the 21st century to get a number-one song. At the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards on January 26, 2020, the song won Record of the Year and Song of the Year. It was nominated for Best Pop Solo Performance but lost to “Truth Hurts” by Lizzo. Timms Hill Timms Hill is the highest natural point in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Located in north-central Wisconsin in Timms Hill County Park in the Town of Hill in Price County, Timms Hill has an elevation of 1,951.5 ft. Elevation: 1,951.5 ft (594.8 m) Location: Price County, Wisconsin, US Easiest route: Hiking Topo map: USGS Timms Hill Prominence: 425 ft (130 m) Michael Scott (The Office) Michael Gary Scott is a fictional character on NBC's "The Office" played by Steve Carell. He is based on David Brent from the British version of the program. Michael is the main character of the series being the Regional Manager of the Scranton branch of a paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin Inc. from seasons 1 through 7. He leaves Dunder Mifflin temporarily to form the Michael Scott Paper Company with Pam and Ryan toward the end of the 5th season and shares a co-managerial position with Jim Halpert during a 6th season arc from "The Meeting" to "The Manager and the Salesman". In the end of the 7th season, he proposes to HR representative Holly Flax and moves to Colorado to take care of her aging parents, leaving the manager position to Deangelo Vickers in "Goodbye, Michael", to Andy Bernard in season 8 after Vickers becomes brain dead, and to Dwight Schrute in season 9. Pam Beesly Pamela Morgan Halpert (née Beesly) is a fictional character on the U.S. television sitcom "The Office", played by Jenna Fischer. Her character is initially the receptionist at the paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin, before becoming a saleswoman and eventually office administrator until she left in the series finale. Her character is shy, growing assertive and shares romantic interest with Jim Halpert, whom she begins dating in the fourth season and marries and starts a family with as the series continues. Stanley Hudson Stanley James Hudson is a fictional character from the US television series "The Office". He is played by Leslie David Baker. Stanley has no direct counterpart in the UK series. His closest counterpart is Malcolm, as he is given some of Malcolm's lines in the pilot, and is critical of Michael Scott. Leslie David Baker Leslie David Baker (born February 19, 1958) is an American actor. He is known for playing paper salesman Stanley Hudson in "The Office" for nine seasons. Kevin Malone Kevin Jaye Malone is a character in the American television series "The Office". He was played by Brian Baumgartner. Kevin is one of the few minor characters in "The Office" to be directly based on a character from the British original version. He is based on Keith Bishop. The character is known for his lack of communication skills, musical interest, and overweight size. Kevin is a part of the accounting department at Dunder Mifflin Scranton. The other accountants are Oscar Martinez and Angela Martin. "Slate" magazine named the character as one of the reasons they were looking forward to the return of the show in fall 2007. Brian Baumgartner Brian Bruce Baumgartner (born November 29, 1972) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Kevin Malone in the American adaptation of "The Office". Baumgartner is an accomplished golfer. Angela Martin Angela Noelle Schrute (née Martin; formerly Lipton) is a fictional character from the US television series "The Office" played by American actress Angela Kinsey. She is an original character. She marries Dwight Schrute in the series. Martin is the head of the accounting department at the Scranton branch of the fictitious paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin. Angela is often negative and frowns upon her coworkers all the time. She is a critic of Pam Beesley's and Jim Halpert's relationship. Angela Kinsey Angela Faye Kinsey (born June 25, 1971) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Angela Martin in the NBC television series "The Office" (2005–2013). Oscar Nunez Oscar Nunez (born November 18, 1958), sometimes credited as Oscar Núñez, is a Cuban-American actor and comedian. Nunez is best known for his role as Dunder Mifflin accountant Oscar Martinez on NBC's "The Office." B. J. Novak Benjamin Joseph Manaly Novak (born July 31, 1979) is an American actor, writer, comedian, and director. Novak was one of the writers and executive producers of "The Office" (2005–2013), in which he also played Ryan Howard. Ryan Howard (The Office) Ryan Bailey Howard (born May 5, 1979) is a fictional character on the US television series "The Office". He is played by the show's writer, director, and executive producer B. J. Novak. He is based on Ricky Howard from the original British version of "The Office". In season 7, he marries Kelly Kapoor played by Mindy Kaling. Creed Bratton Creed Bratton (born William Charles Schneider; February 8, 1943) is an American actor and musician. He is a former member of the band The Grass Roots. He is best known for playing a fictional version of himself on the U.S. television series "The Office". Kelly Kapoor Kelly Rajanigandha Kapoor (February 5, 1980) is a fictional character from the US television series "The Office". She is played by Mindy Kaling. "Slate" magazine called the character one of the reasons to look forward to the return of the show in the fall of 2007. Kaling left the cast and crew after its 8th season to become the creator and star of "The Mindy Project", another show produced by Universal Television. She had a guest role in the 9th-season premiere, and the series finale. Jean Juventin Jean Juventin (9 March 1928, Papeete – 28 May 2019) was a French politician. He served as mayor of Papeete, the capital city of French Polynesia from 1977 to 1995. He was president of the Assembly of French Polynesia twice (1988–1991 and 1992–1995). He was also a member of the National Assembly for French Polynesia's first constituency between 1978–1986 and 1993–1997. He was a member of the Rally for the Republic political party. Juventin died on 28 May 2019, at the age of 91. Phyllis Vance Phyllis Margaret Vance (née Lapin) is a fictional character on the U.S. comedy television series, "The Office". She is played by Phyllis Smith. The character is not based from anyone in the British version of the series. Lapin is a sales representative at fictitious paper distributor Dunder Mifflin. She is a quiet but friendly type who loves "girl talk" and gossip. Dunder Mifflin Dunder Mifflin Paper Company, Inc. is a fictional paper sales company in the American television series "The Office". Originally, the company was fake, but eventually, the brand was used to sell products at Staples and other office supply outlets. Two websites were created to support the fictional company. Its logo was prominently displayed in several locations in downtown Scranton, Pennsylvania, where the show is set. Babergh Babergh is a district in Suffolk, England. Judith Scott (artist) Judith Scott (May 1, 1943 – March 15, 2005) was an internationally recognized fiber artist. She was born with Down Syndrome and became deaf as an infant. From age 7 she lived in an institution for 35 years. She did not begin her art career until her mid-40s, then worked until her death 18 years later. Biography. Judith was born into a middle-class family in Cincinnati, Ohio, along with her non-identical twin sister Joyce. Unlike Joyce, Judith was born with Down Syndrome. As a baby, Judith was sick with scarlet fever, which caused her to lose her hearing. This fact remained undiagnosed until much later in her life. She never learned to speak or use sign language. At the age of seven, Judith was sent to live in a state care facility in Ohio. She stayed in that institution for thirty-five years, until her sister. In 1987 Judith was enrolled at the Creative Growth Art Center in Oakland, California which supports people with developmental disabilities. There, Judith discovered her passion and talent for abstract fiber art. The story of the Scott sisters' lives, "Entwined – Sisters and secrets in the life of artist Judith Scott", has been written by her twin sister. It was published in 2016. Artistic style. Each day, she would spend hours wrapping found objects in colored yarn, string, paper and fabric strips. Some of the resulting sculptures were completed during a day’s labor; others over weeks or months. While Scott had no style per se, each of the wrapped sculptures has its distinct personality; all convey a sense of inner life. The originating object is mostly unrecognizable, as in Franz West’s more famous plaster or epoxy “Adaptives,” which similarly incorporate largely unidentifiable items and are likewise portable. Exhibitions. At the Brooklyn Museum, some 45 Scott sculptures are on display, resting on a low white platform. On the wall are 15 mixed-media drawings completed at the beginning of her art-making career. Scott never indicated a “correct” way to show the three-dimensional works, so they are displayed casually, as she might have worked on them. Higham Higham may refer to: Holbrook Holbrook may refer to: Stutton Stutton can refer to: Hitcham Hitcham is the name of more than one place in the United Kingdom: Freston Freston may refer to: Cockfield Cockfield may refer to: Holbrook, Massachusetts Holbrook is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. At the 2010 census, the town population was 10,791. Parkline, Idaho Parkline is a census-designated place (CDP) of Idaho in the United States. Peter Hitchcock (environmentalist) Peter Phillip Hitchcock (1944 – 20 May 2019) was an Australian environmentalist. He played a key role in helping some of Australia's rainforests become protected areas. He oversaw nationally and internationally important UNESCO World Heritage nominations. He was also involved in the management of World Heritage protected areas. Hitchcock died on 20 May 2019 in Cairns, Queensland. He was 75. Deaths in June 2019 The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in June 2019. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting. Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source. 2019 Conservative Party leadership election The 2019 Conservative Party leadership election happened when the prime minister and leader of the Conservative Party, Theresa May, announced on 24 May 2019 that she would resign as leader on 7 June, and resign as Prime Minister when a replacement is elected. Nominations closed on 10 June 2019 with ten candidates officially being nominated. The first ballot of MPs took place on 13 June. A second one took place on 18 June with a third on 19 June and a fourth and fifth ballot on 20 June. The entire contest is expected to be completed by mid-July. After the fifth ballot, Jeremy Hunt and Boris Johnson were the final two candidates. The general membership of the party elected Johnson as the leader by postal ballot on 22 July 2019. Candidates. Nominated. The following MPs were officially nominated by the Conservative Party as candidates for the leadership position. Each candidate passed the first five ballots. Eliminated. Fifth ballot. The following MP was eliminated on the fifth ballot on 20 June. They failed to obtain over 24% of the votes to advance further into the contest. Fourth ballot. The following MP was eliminated on the fourth ballot on 20 June. They failed to obtain over 50 votes to advance further into the contest. Third ballot. The following MP was eliminated on the third ballot on 19 June. They failed to obtain over 30 votes to advance further into the contest. Second ballot. The following MP was eliminated on the second ballot on 18 June. They failed to obtain over 30 votes to advance further into the contest. First ballot. The following MPs were eliminated on the first ballot on 13 June. They failed to obtain 17 votes to advance further into the contest. Withdrawn. During the ballot. The following individuals were officially nominated as a candidate for the leadership of the Conservative Party but then eventually withdrew after the first ballot of the race, due to insufficient support or other reasons: Before the ballot. The following individuals announced that they would seek the leadership of the Conservative Party but then eventually did not stand, or withdrew before the first ballot of the race, due to insufficient support or other reasons: Results. After each ballot of Conservative MPs, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated. A new rule was introduced in 2019 due to the number of candidates: In the first ballot, held on 13 June 2019, candidates also needed to pass a threshold of 17 votes to avoid elimination. In the second ballot, held on 18 June, candidates needed to pass a threshold of 33 votes to avoid elimination. Rafael Safarov Rafael Surenovich Safarov (; 8 November 1947 – 26 May 2019) was a Russian football player and coach. He played as a defender. Safarov was born in Tbilisi, Georgian SSR. He played for many clubs during the 1960s and 1970s, including Dinamo Tbilisi, Dinamo Batumi, Lokomotivi Tbilisi, Ararat Yerevan and Dynamo Makhachkala. He later became a football coach and managed Anzhi Makhachkala in 1995. Safarov died of an illness on 26 May 2019 in Moscow. He was 71. Lightspeed (company) Lightspeed POS Inc is a Montreal-based Canadian technology company. Lightspeed sells software to restaurants and small retail businesses. It is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. It has more than seven hundred employees and fourteen international offices. It sells software in about one hundred countries. It was founded in 2005 by Dax da Silva Dax Dasilva, who is a son of Goan-Ugandan refugees, is the founder and chief executive officer. Dasilva is a strong advocate of diversity in the workplace. It provides services to 23,000 businesses worldwide, including Adidas, Harman Kardon, Frank And Oak, Roll: Bicycles, and STORY. The company is backed by iNovia Capital and Accel Partners. History. Lightspeed was founded in 2005, with its headquarters in Montreal. In 2014, the company expanded its customer base to include the hospitality industry. Lightspeed Payments rolled out on January 30, 2019. In March, the company went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol LSPD. In 2014, Lightspeed has over 700 employees in Montreal, Toronto, Ghent, Amsterdam, Olympia, London, and New York. The company generates revenue of $120.6 million with 478.4 million assets in 2020. On January 7, 2020 Lightspeed POS Inc. Announces the Acquisition of Gastrofix. On March 12, 2021, a company Vend, New Zealand cloud-based retail software, was bought by Lightspeed POS Inc. for US$350 million. Awards. Lightspeed won the 5th Annual Innovative Award in August 2012. Lightspeed was ranked by Profit number 61 on its list of "Canada's 200 fastest growing companies. Walter Wolfgang Walter Jakob Wolfgang (23 June 1923 – 28 May 2019) was a German-born British socialist and peace activist. He was vice president and vice chair of Labour of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament until his death. He was a supporter of the Stop the War Coalition. In August 2006, he became a member of Labour's National Executive Committee. He became known to the general public after cameras recorded him being removed by force from the Labour Party Conference in Brighton on 28 September 2005. The reason for his removal was because he was said to have shouted "nonsense" during Jack Straw's speech on the Iraq War. He joined the Labour Party in 1948. Wolfgang was born in Frankfurt to a Jewish family. He moved from Nazi Germany to live in Britain in 1937. Wolfgang died on 28 May 2019, at the age of 95. James Cleverly James Spencer Cleverly (born 4 September 1969) is a British Conservative politician. He has been the Foreign Secretary since 2022. In July 2019, he became Minister without Portfolio and Chairman of the Conservative Party for the Boris Johnson ministry. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Braintree since 2015. Cleverly was the Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Party from 2018 to 2019. In 2022, he served as the Secretary of State for Education. On 29 May 2019, Cleverly launched his campaign to become the Leader of the Conservative Party in the 2019 election. On 4 June, he withdrew from the race. Carmine Caridi Carmine Caridi (January 23, 1934 – May 28, 2019) was an American actor. He appeared in movies and on television. He is best known for his roles in "The Gambler" (1974), "The Godfather Part II" (1974), "Prince of the City", "Summer Rental" (1985), "The Godfather Part III" (1990), "Bugsy" (1991) and "Top Dog" (1995). He also played Detective Vince Gotelli in "NYPD Blue" during the 1990s. In 2004, he became the first person to be removed from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Caridi was born in New York City. He lived in West Hollywood, California. In April 2019, Caridi had a fall and was taken to a Los Angeles hospital where he was comatose. He died of pneumonia on May 28, 2019, at the age of 85. Matt Hancock Matthew John David Hancock (born 2nd October 1978) is a British Conservative Party politician. He was Secretary of State for Health and Social Care from 2018 until 2021. He has been a Member of Parliament (MP) for West Suffolk since 2010. On 9 July 2018, after the promotion of Jeremy Hunt to Foreign Secretary, Hancock was named Secretary of State for Health and Social Care. On 25 May 2019, Hancock announced his plans to run for leadership of the Conservative Party. He withdrew from the race on 14 June shortly after winning only twenty votes on the first ballot. He announced his resignation as Secretary of State for Health on 26 June 2021 after being filmed kissing a close aide in May 2021, with Sajid Javid taking over as Health Secretary. He doesn't represent the Conservative Party in the House of Commons after signing up as a November 2022 guest for ITV's "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!". Lakewood Township, New Jersey Lakewood Township is the most populous township in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. As of 2018, the municipality had a population of approximately 104,157 residents. Andrea Leadsom Andrea Jacqueline Leadsom (; ' Salmon; born 13 May 1963) is a British Conservative politician. She was the Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy from to 2020. She was Leader of the House of Commons from 2017 to 2019, and was Member of Parliament (MP) for South Northamptonshire since 2010. Leadsom became one of five candidates in the election for the leadership of the governing Conservative Party. She advanced to the second round only to loose to Theresa May. Leadsom resigned as Leader of House of Commons on 22 May 2019 in protest at Theresa May's Brexit strategy. Three days later, Leadsom announced her second candidacy for the Conservative Party leadership in the 2019 election. She was eliminated on the first ballot from the race on 13 June. Kit Malthouse Christopher Laurie Malthouse (born 27 October 1966) is a British Conservative Party politician, businessman and occasional writer. In July 2019, Boris Johnson made him Minister of State for Policing. He was elected in the May 2015 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for North West Hampshire. In 2022, he became the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Secretary of State for Education. He was formerly Chair of the Metropolitan Police Authority and the first Statutory Deputy Mayor for Policing, and a former city councillor and Deputy Leader of Westminster City Council, London. In July 2018, he was appointed Minister of State for Housing, at the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government. On 27 May 2019, Malthouse announced that he was standing in the Conservative Party leadership election to replace Theresa May. On 4 June, he withdrew from the election. Esther McVey Esther Louise McVey (born 24 October 1967) is a British Conservative Party politician. In July 2019, McVey became the Minister of State for Housing and Planning for the Boris Johnson ministry. She resigned in February 2020. She is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Tatton. She was Secretary of State for Work and Pensions from January 2018 to November 2018. McVey first entered parliament as the MP for Wirral West in the House of Commons at the 2010 general election. In the 2015 general election, she lost her seat and spent two years as the Chair of the British Transport Police before returning to parliament in 2017. In May 2019, McVey announced her intention to run for the leadership of the Conservative Party when Theresa May resigns, claiming that she already had "enough support" to stand. However, she was eliminated on the first ballot from the race on 13 June. Dominic Raab Dominic Rennie Raab (born 25 February 1974) is a British Conservative Party politician. He is currently the Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Chancellor since 25 October 2022 in the government of Rishi Sunak. He had the same job in the government of Boris Johnson from 15 September 2021 to 6 September 2022. In July 2019, Raab became the First Secretary of State and Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs during the Boris Johnson administration. He was Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union from July 2018 to November 2018. Raab has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Esher and Walton since being elected in 2010. He was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Ministry of Justice on 12 May 2015. Following the 2017 general election, he was appointed Minister of State for Courts and Justice. He was later moved to the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government. In July 2018, May appointed him Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union following the resignation of David Davis. Raab resigned as Brexit Secretary on 15 November 2018. On 25 May 2019, Raab announced he was standing in the Conservative Party leadership election after Theresa May announced her resignation. On 18 June, he was eliminated on the second round of the contest. On 15 September 2021, Raab's cabinet position was reshuffled and he became Justice Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. His father was Jewish and fled from Czechoslovakia in 1938. Rory Stewart Roderick James Nugent Stewart (born 3 January 1973), known as Rory Stewart, is a British politician. He was the Secretary of State for International Development from May 2019 to July 2019, and was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Penrith and The Border from 2010 through 2019. From 2016 to 2018, Stewart was Minister of State at the Department for International Development and Minister of State for Africa, and on 9 January 2018 he was appointed Minister of State for Prisons. Stewart was a candidate in the 2019 Conservative leadership election. On 3 October 2019, Stewart announced he had resigned from the Conservative Party and would stand down as an MP at the next general election. He will stand as an independent candidate for Mayor of London in the 2020 election. Steve Baker (politician) Steven John Baker (born 6 June 1971) is a British Conservative Party politician and former Royal Air Force engineer, consultant and bank worker. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wycombe, being in the 2010 general election. In June 2015 he became co-chairman of Conservatives for Britain. He co-founded The Cobden Centre. He was Chair of the European Research Group (ERG), a pro-Brexit group of Conservative MPs, until his promotion to ministerial office at the Department for Exiting the European Union on 13 June 2017, but resigned from his office on 9 July 2018 following the resignation of David Davis over concerns with the Government strategy on Brexit. In September 2022, Baker was picked as Minister of State for Northern Ireland by Prime Minister Liz Truss. Jacob Rees-Mogg Jacob William Rees-Mogg (born 24 May 1969) is a British politician who was Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy in the government of Liz Truss from 6 September to 25 October 2022. He was Leader of the House of Commons and Lord President of the Council in the government of Boris Johnson from 24 July 2019 to 8 February 2022. He is a Member of Parliament (MP) for North East Somerset since 2010. He is a member of the Conservative Party. He has been seen as socially conservative. In 2022, he became the Minister of State for Brexit Opportunities and Government Efficiency in the Boris Johnson government. Graham Brady Sir Graham Stuart Brady (born 20 May 1967) is a British Conservative Party politician who is currently Chairman of the 1922 Committee. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Altrincham and Sale West since 1997. He served as a Shadow Minister for Europe under four Conservative leaders before resigning in 2007 in protest at David Cameron's opposition to grammar schools. Brady replaced Michael Spicer as Chairman of the 1922 Committee on 26 May 2010. On 1 December 2010, Brady was voted "Backbencher of the Year" by "The Spectator". He resigned as 1922 Committee Chairman on 24 May 2019 in order to launch a bid for Conservative Party leadership in the weeks that followed. Brady was knighted as part of the 2018 New Year Honours. Jesse Norman Alexander Jesse Norman (born 23 June 1962) is a British Conservative Party politician. He is the Paymaster General and Financial Secretary to the Treasury since 2019, and has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Hereford and South Herefordshire since 2010. Priti Patel Priti Sushil Patel (born 29 March 1972) is a British politician. She has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Witham in Essex since 2010. She was International Development Secretary from 2016 to 2017. In July 2019, Patel became Home Secretary for the Boris Johnson administration. Patel is a member of the Conservative Party. Her ideas and policies are inspired by Margaret Thatcher. David Icke David Vaughan Icke (; born 29 April 1952) is an English professional conspiracy theorist and former footballer and sports broadcaster. He is the author of over 20 books and many DVDs and has lectured in over 25 countries, speaking for up to 10 hours to audiences. He is known for his conspiracy theory that many of the world's most important figures are lizard people. In the 1990s, he was a sports commentator for BBC. A footballer, he played for Coventry City and Hereford United. Michael Spicer William Michael Hardy Spicer, Baron Spicer PC (22 January 1943 – 29 May 2019) was a British Conservative Party peer and member of the House of Lords from 2010 to 2019. He was a member of the House of Commons from 1974 to 2010. He was chairman of the 1922 Committee from 2001 to 2010. Spicer was born in was born in Bath, Somerset. Spicer died on 29 May 2019 of problems caused by Parkinson's disease and leukaemia at the age of 76. Dennis Etchison Dennis William Etchison (March 30, 1943 – May 28, 2019) was an American writer and editor. He was known for his fantasy and horror novels. He wrote novels based on the "Halloween" franchise. His best known work was "The Museum of Horrors" which won him the World Fantasy Award in 2002. He wrote the screenplay for "". Etchison died on May 28, 2019 at the age of 78. Andrew Hall (actor) Andrew Hall (19 January 1954 – 20 May 2019) was an English actor and theatre director. He was known for his role as Russell Parkinson in Carla Lane's BBC situation comedy "Butterflies" (1978–83). He was born in Manchester. Hall died on 20 May 2019 from cancer at the age of 65. McKinley County, New Mexico McKinley County is a county in the northwestern section of the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2010 census, the population was 71,492. Its county seat is Gallup. The county was created in 1901 and named for President William McKinley. EEPROM EEPROM (also E2PROM) stands for electrically erasable programmable read-only memory and is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers, integrated in smart cards and remote keyless systems. It is a Read Only Memory (ROM) whose data can be erased and reprogrammed by higher than normal currents of electricity. Gustav Schwarzenegger Gustav Schwarzenegger (17 August 1907 – 13 December 1972) was an Austrian police chief, postal inspector and a military police officer. He was the father of Hollywood star and former Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger. Gustav Schwarzenegger was born in Austria-Hungary, the son of Cecelia (née Hinterleitner, 1878 – 1968) and Karl Schwarzenegger (1872 – 1927). He was a sportsman and loved music. Schwarzenegger died of a stroke in Weiz, Steiermark, Austria on 13 December 1972 at the age of 65. Jackie Winters Jackie Winters (April 15, 1937 – May 29, 2019) was an American politician. She was born in Topeka, Kansas. She was a Republican. She was the first African-American Republican elected to Oregon legislature. She served as a member of the Oregon House of Representatives from 1999 to 2003. She was a member of the Oregon Senate from 2003 until her death in May 2019. Winters was Minority Leader of the Oregon Senate between November 2017 and January 2019. Winters died of lung cancer on May 29, 2019. She was 82. Papeete Papeete is the capital city of French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of the French Republic. The commune is located on the north-west of the island of Tahiti in the Pacific Ocean. As of 2017, there were 26,926 people living there. Bayram Şit Bayram Şit (1930 – 29 May 2019) was a Turkish featherweight freestyle wrestler and coach. He competed at the 1952 and 1956 Summer Olympics. He won a gold medal in 1952 and placed fourth in 1956. He also won a silver medal at the 1954 World Championships. He was born in Akşar, Acıpayam. Şit died on 29 May 2019, at the age of 89. The Godfather Part II The Godfather Part II is a 1974 American crime movie. The director and producer of the movie is Francis Ford Coppola. The movie stars Al Pacino, Robert De Niro, Diane Keaton and Robert Duvall. The story is partly based on "The Godfather", a 1969 book by Mario Puzo. "The Godfather Part II" is the second movie in the "Godfather" trilogy. It is a sequel and also a prequel to "The Godfather" (1972). It has two plots, one focusing on Vito Corleone, and the other on his son Michael. The next movie, "The Godfather Part III", was released in 1990. The movie has very positive reviews from critics. Like the first movie in the series, "The Godfather Part II" won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Wim Woudsma Willem Woudsma (11 August 1957 – 23 May 2019) was a Dutch footballer. He played as a defender. Woudsma was born in Nijverdal, Overijssel. He played in the Eredivisie and Eerste Divisie. He played for Go Ahead Eagles between 1976 and 1989. He spent his professional career for the club except for his final season in 1989–90 when he played for N.E.C. in the Eredivisie. He played in 430 competitive matches for Go Ahead Eagles, the second most of any player. He later coached amateur football sides and was a youth coach at Go Ahead Eagles. Woudsma died on 23 May 2019 in Nijverdal after a long illness. He was 61. Kimbolton Castle Kimbolton Castle is a country house in Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire, Cambridgeshire. Haunting. Kimbolton Castle is reported to be haunted by Catherine of Aragon who died there in 1536 after several years of imprisonment. Dollhouse A dollhouse (or doll house) is a toy home made in miniature. Dollhouses have been mainly for children. Making and collecting them, however, is also a hobby for many adults. In the United States and Canada, the term "dollhouse" is used. In the United Kingdom, the term "doll's house" is used. Early dollhouses were seen more than 400 years ago as "baby house" display cases in Europe. Smaller dollhouses that looked like real houses on the outside appeared in Europe in the 18th century. Early dollhouses were hand-made. After the Industrial Revolution and World War II, doll houses were mass produced. They became more standard and cost less to buy. Mass-produced dollhouses include those related to the Barbie doll. One famous dollhouse is Queen Mary's dollhouse. It took four years to build. Another is Colleen Moore's dollhouse. It took seven years to build. Port Hawkesbury Port Hawkesbury (Scottish Gaelic: "Baile a' Chlamhain") is a town located on the southwestern end of Cape Breton Island, on the north shore of the Strait of Canso, in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. List of towns in Nova Scotia A town is a type of populated place in the Canadian Province of Nova Scotia. Towns are incorporated by order by the Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board according to sections 383 through 388 of Nova Scotia's "Municipal Government Act". Nova Scotia had 26 towns at the time of the 2016 Census. In 2016, the towns had a cumulative population of 97,495. Nova Scotia's largest and smallest towns are Truro and Annapolis Royal with populations of 12,261 and 491 respectively. List of villages in Nova Scotia A village is a type of unincorporated community in the Canadian Province of Nova Scotia that has a commission established under the "Municipal Government Act" for the purpose of providing certain municipal services to a defined area within its larger county or district municipality. Nova Scotia has 22 villages. According to available population data, Nova Scotia's largest and smallest villages are Bible Hill and River Hebert with populations of 8,913 and 1,296 respectively. Matthew P. Kennedy Matthew P. "Pat" Kennedy (28 January 1908 - 16 June 1957) was an American basketball referee. He was known for his emphatic, theatrical style. Kennedy is a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. List of municipalities in Nova Scotia Nova Scotia is the seventh-most populous province in Canada with 923,598 residents as of the 2016 Census of Population, and the second-smallest province in land area at . Nova Scotia's 50 municipalities cover of the territory's land mass, and are home to of its population. References. Notes Khatuna Tskhadadze Khatuna Tskhadadze (, born 3 May 1973) is a Georgian translator and writer. Early life and education. Tskhadadze was born in Tbilisi, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union in 1973. In 1996 she graduated from Tbilisi State University. She knows Georgian, Italian, English and Russian languages. Career. In 1997 she posted translations of short stories by Gianni Rodari, Italo Calvino and Tonino Guerra. From 2005 to 2010 she translated into Georgian "The Name of The Rose", by Umberto Eco, After this she translated more of his books. Morris County, New Jersey Morris County is a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey, close to New York City. As of 2017, there was 499,693 people living in the county. This made it the 10th-most populous county in New Jersey. The county seat is Morristown. The place where most people live at is Parsippany-Troy Hills Township, with 53,238 people, while the largest place is Rockaway Township, at . History. Lenape Native Americans used to live in New Jersey. They lived near rivers and hunted, fished, and got plants and nuts. Henry Hudson explored New Jersey in the 1600s. After he did, the Dutch came and made small towns and cities. They traded tools with the Native Americans for food and fur. Then, the British took over the land that the Dutch owned. They built the first towns and mines in what is now Morris County. But by 1750, there were no more Native Americans in New Jersey, because the Native Americans lost their land, grew less food, and got very sick. They all went to the Ohio Valley or Eastern Canada instead. Morris County was made for real in 1739, from parts of Hunterdon County. It was named after a governor named Lewis Morris. During the battles of Trenton and Princeton during the American Revolution, George Washington and his men camped here. You can still see the place where they camped today; it's called Jockey Hollow. Geography. This county is 481.62 square miles, according to the 2010 Census. Fortnight A fortnight is a unit of time equal to 14 days (2 weeks). The word comes from the , meaning "". Some wages and salaries are paid every fortnight; however, in North America it is more common to use the term biweekly. Neither of these terms should be confused with semimonthly. Astronomy. In astronomy, a lunar fortnight is half a synodic month, equal to the mean period between a full moon and a new moon (and vice versa). This is equal to 14.77 days. Sports. A fortnight is a word that is commonly used in sporting communities. Many big sports events have a two-week or around a half-month time frame. In tennis, Wimbledon and the other Grand Slam tournaments are played over two weeks and are often referred to as lasting a fortnight. The Summer and Winter Olympics are also slightly longer than two weeks and may be called a fortnight as well. Various other events in the sporting world may last around a fortnight. Jiří Stránský Jiří Stránský (12 August 1931 – 29 May 2019) was a Czech author, playwright, translator, political prisoner during the country's communist regime, and human rights activist. In 1953, he was arrested by the communists and sentenced to eight years of forced labor for "treason". He was released in 1960. In 1974, he was arrested again and sentenced to another 3 to 5 years, but was released after one and a half. After the fall of the communist regime, he was an author and head of the international section of the Czech Literary Fund. In 1992, he was elected President of the Czech section of International PEN. He was chairman of the council of the National Library from 1995 to 1998. He was a founding signatory of the Prague Declaration on European Conscience and Communism. Stránský died on 29 May 2019 at the age of 87. Oxford, Mississippi Oxford is the county seat of Lafayette County, Mississippi, United States. It was founded in 1837. It was named after the British university city of Oxford. As of the 2010 US Census, the population is 18,916. Oxford is the home of the University of Mississippi, founded in 1848, also commonly known as "Ole Miss". Włodzimierz Ptak Włodzimierz Wojciech Ptak (2 November 1928 – 28 May 2019) was a Polish immunologist and microbiologist. In 1986, he became a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Learning. He was a professor at the Medical Academy in Kraków, later transformed into the Jagiellonian University Medical College. In his scientific work, Ptak was known for his work on regulatory mechanisms of the immune response. He published more than 200 original research papers, and was one of the most cited Polish scientists in the field of biomedicine after 1965. Claus von Bülow Claus von Bülow (born Claus Cecil Borberg; 11 August 1926 – 25 May 2019) was a Danish-British socialite. He was known for being accused of the attempted murder of his wife Sunny von Bülow in 1979 which had left her in a coma from which she never recovered. However, that conviction in the first trial was reversed and he was found not guilty at his second trial. In the same trial he was also convicted for the attempted murder of his wife by insulin overdose in 1980 which left her in a persistent vegetative state for the rest of her life, but that conviction in the first trial was also reversed and he was found not guilty at his second trial. He was a friend and personal assistant to J. Paul Getty. The characters Klaus and Sunny Baudelaire from "A Series of Unfortunate Events" are named after Claus and Sunny von Bülow. Bülow died in London on 25 May 2019 at the age of 92. Hartwig Löger Hartwig Löger (born 15 July 1965) is an Austrian politician and former business executive. He was the Acting Chancellor of Austria from 28 May 2019 to 3 June 2019. From 2011 to 2017 he was chief executive officer of UNIQA Austria (part of the Uniqa Insurance Group) and since 2017 he has been Minister of Finance. On 22 May 2019, he was named Vice Chancellor, and on 28 May 2019, he was sworn in as Acting Chancellor after Austria's first ever successful vote of no confidence against the federal government, following the Ibiza affair. Brigitte Bierlein Brigitte Bierlein (born June 25, 1949) is an Austrian jurist. Bierlein is the Chancellor of Austria from 3 June 2019 to 7 January 2020. She was the advocate general of the Procurator's Office from 1990 to 2002, and a member of the executive board of the International Association of Prosecutors from 2001 to 2003. In 2003, Bierlein was made a member of the Austrian Constitutional Court. Since January 2018, she has been its president, the first woman to hold this position. She was made temporary Chancellor until the next national elections in September 2019 and is the first woman in this role in Austria. Bierlein was born on June 25, 1949 in Vienna. James Marape James Marape (born 24 April 1971) is a Papua New Guinea politician. He has been a member of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea since July 2007, representing the electorate of Tari-Pori Open. On 30 May 2019, he was nominated, elected, and sworn in as the 8th Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea by the National Parliament. Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea The Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, is Papua New Guinea's head of government. A person becomes Prime Minister by being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament. Stellarton Stellarton is a town located in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Michael Somare Sir Michael Thomas Somare (9 April 1936 – 26 February 2021) was a Papua New Guinean politician. His career lasted from 1968 until his retirement in 2017. He was the longest serving Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (17 years). He was the country's first Prime Minister. Somare died on 26 February 2021 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea from pancreatic cancer, aged 84. Paulias Matane Sir Paulias Nguna Matane , (21 September 1931 – 12 December 2021) was the eighth Governor-General of Papua New Guinea from 29 June 2004 to 13 December 2010. Pictou Pictou ( ; Scottish Gaelic: "Baile Phiogto") is a town in Pictou County, in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Governor-General of Papua New Guinea The Governor-General of Papua New Guinea is the representative of Papua New Guinean monarch, known in Tok Pisin as 'Missis Kwin'. Bob Dadae Sir Robert Dadae (born 8 March 1961) is the Governor-General of Papua New Guinea since 2017. He replaced Sir Michael Ogio who died in office. Freddy Buache Freddy Buache (29 December 1924 – 28 May 2019) was a Swiss journalist, movie critic and historian. He was the director of the Swiss Film Archive from 1951 to 1996. He was a privatdozent at the University of Lausanne. Buache was born in Lausanne. Buache died on 28 May 2019 at the age of 94. Tornado outbreak of May 2019 The tornado outbreak of May 2019 is a record-breaking tornado outbreak in the United States and Canada. It has so far produced at least 237 tornadoes. This includes 47 significant events (EF2+). 18 of these were EF3 tornadoes over multiple states. States affected were Nebraska, Kansas, Texas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Colorado, Indiana, Iowa, Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin and Minnesota. On May 28, the U.S. had its 12th straight day with at least eight tornadoes, which broke the previous record of 11 days straight set in 1980. During this period, the U.S. had an average of 27.5 tornadoes per day. Kawasaki stabbings The Kawasaki stabbings happened on the morning of 28 May 2019 in the Tama ward of Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, four blocks west of Noborito Station. Two people were murdered, and 17 others were injured after being stabbed at a city bus stop by 51-year-old Ryuichi Iwasaki. After carrying out the attack, he committed suicide by stabbing himself in the neck. The fatal victims were an 11-year-old student, and a 39-year-old Foreign Ministry employee. N-Dubz discography N-Dubz have made three studio albums, one compilation album, one extended plays (EPs) and 20 singles. Judith Ortiz Cofer Judith Ortiz Cofer (February 24, 1952 – December 30, 2016) was a Puerto Rican author. She is best known for her works of creative non-fiction and her works are to exposes the rifts and gaps that arise between her split cultural heritages. Her work also explores such subjects as racism and sexism in American culture. She was alsothen author of a children´s book. The topics she wrote about over her career: "A Love Story Beginning in Spanish", "Reaching for the Mainland and Selected New Poems", "Terms of Survival", and "The Poet Upstairs", "Animal Jamboree/La Fiesta De Los Animales: Latino Folktales / Leyendas", and "A Bailar!/Let’s Dance". Most of her topics are about children, animals, and love. Judith Ortiz Cofer was voted into the Georgia Writers Hall of"F"fame. Early life. Judith Ortíz Cofer was born to Jesus Lugo Ortíz and Fanny Morot in Hormigueros, Puerto Rico, on February 24, 1952. She moved to Paterson, New Jersey with her family in 1956. Morot( her mother) gave birth to Judith Ortíz Cofer when she was fifteen years old..T hey believed they would have more opportunities for young parents in America. Despite Lugo’s (her father) passion for working in a university, he left school and joined the U.S. Navy. Later, he was assigned to Panama when his daughter was born. He met Judith Ortiz Cofer for the first time two years later. Her family’s move from Puerto Rico to New Jersey influenced her writing. How she became a writer. Ortiz Cofer's work can be called creative nonfiction. Her narrative style was influenced by oral storytelling, which her grandmother inspired. In Puerto Rico, their tradition is storytelling. She began her writing career with a work of poetry, "The Latin Deli." She was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. Her other works explore various genres, combining poetry, short fiction, and personal narrative. Ortiz Cofer's works often focus on living her life between two cultures, American and Puerto Rican, and how this informs her ideas as a writer. Her work also explores such subjects as racism and sexism in American culture. SNC-Lavalin SNC-Lavalin is a Canadian engineering company based in Montreal. It was founded in 1911 by Arthur Surveyer. It faces charges of corruption, in connection with bribery in Libya. SNC-Lavalin is the largest construction company in Canada, as of 2018. Fritz Schösser Fritz Schösser (24 June 1947 – 28 May 2019) was a German politician. He was a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He was the chairman of the Trade Union Confederation (DGB) in Bavaria from 1990 and 2010. From 1992 to 1994, he was a member of the Bavarian Senate. He was elected to the Landtag of Bavaria in 1994, serving until 1998. From 1998 to 2005, Schösser was a member of the national Bundestag. Schösser was born in Töging am Inn. He was married and had two children. He died on 28 May 2019 in Munich, at the age of 71. New Hope, Pennsylvania New Hope is a borough in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,528 at the 2010 census. New Hope is north of Philadelphia. It is on the west bank of the Delaware River. Mark Harper Mark James Harper (born 26 February 1970) is a British Conservative Party politician. Harper is a Member of Parliament for the Forest of Dean since 2005. He has been the Secretary of State for Transport since 2022. He was the Government Chief Whip in the House of Commons from May 2015 to July 2016. On 30 May 2019, Harper announced his campaign to run for Leader of the Conservative Party in the 2019 election. He was eliminated on the first ballot from the race on 13 June. Skyang Kangri Skyang Kangri is a mountain in the Karakoram range, in China and Pakistan. It is also known as Staircase Peak. It is the 44th highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top were Hideki Nagata and Yoshioki Fujioji, by the east ridge route in 1976. The expedition was led by G.Mitsui. Mulgrave, Nova Scotia Mulgrave is a town on the Strait of Canso in Guysborough County, Nova Scotia, Canada. Mahone Bay, Nova Scotia Mahone Bay is a town on the northwest shore of Mahone Bay along the South Shore of Nova Scotia in Lunenburg County. Richard Cordley Richard Cordley (September 6, 1829 – July 11, 1904) was an abolitionist (someone who wanted slavery to end) and a Protestant. Cordley was one of the first people to live in Lawrence, Kansas. He lived through the Lawrence Massacre and the Sack of Lawrence. He wrote about the history of Lawrence. He also wrote about the history of Kansas. He got the first degree from the University of Kansas in 1874. Life. Cordley was born on September 6, 1829, in Nottingham, England. When he was four years old, he moved to Livingston County, Michigan. He started going to school when he was nine years old. He got degrees from the University of Michigan in 1854 and Andover Theological Seminary in 1857. He also got the first degree from the University of Kansas in 1874. In 1857, he became the pastor of Plymouth Congregational Church in Lawrence, Kansas, and continued being the pastor until 1875. From that later year until 1884, he served in Flint, Michigan, and Emporia, Kansas. Then, in 1884, he came back to Lawrence and continued being the pastor at Plymouth Congregational Church. He died on July 11, 1904. He was buried in Oak Hill Cemetery in Lawrence. 2018–19 UEFA Europa League knockout phase The 2018–19 UEFA Europa League knockout phase began on 12 February and ended on 29 May 2019 with the final at the Olympic Stadium in Baku, Azerbaijan, to decide the champions of the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League. A total of 32 teams competed in the knockout phase. For the first time, the video assistant referee (VAR) system was used in the competition, where it was implemented in the final. Times are CET/CEST, as listed by UEFA (local times, if different, are in parentheses). Qualified teams. The knockout phase involved 32 teams: the 24 teams which qualify as winners and runners-up of each of the twelve groups in the group stage, and the eight third-placed teams from the Champions League group stage. Bracket. <section begin="Bracket" /><section end="Bracket" /> Round of 32. The draw for the round of 32 was held on 17 December 2018, 13:00 CET. Summary. The first legs were played on 12 and 14 February, and the second legs were played on 20 and 21 February 2019. <section begin="R32" /> <section end="R32" /> Matches. "Dinamo Zagreb won 4–2 on aggregate." "Red Bull Salzburg won 5–2 on aggregate." "Inter Milan won 5–0 on aggregate." "Slavia Prague won 4–1 on aggregate." "1–1 on aggregate. Krasnodar won on away goals." "Napoli won 5–1 on aggregate." "Chelsea won 5–1 on aggregate." "Eintracht Frankfurt won 6–3 on aggregate." "Valencia won 3–0 on aggregate." "Rennes won 6–4 on aggregate." "Dynamo Kyiv won 3–2 on aggregate." "Sevilla won 3–0 on aggregate." "Zenit Saint Petersburg won 3–2 on aggregate." "Villarreal won 2–1 on aggregate." "Arsenal won 3–1 on aggregate." "Benfica won 2–1 on aggregate." Round of 16. The draw for the round of 16 was held on 22 February 2019, 13:00 CET. Summary. The first legs were played on 7 March, and the second legs were played on 14 March 2019. <section begin="R16" /> Notes <section end="R16" /> Matches. "Chelsea won 8–0 on aggregate." "Eintracht Frankfurt won 1–0 on aggregate." "Benfica won 3–1 on aggregate." "Napoli won 4–3 on aggregate." "Valencia won 3–2 on aggregate." "Slavia Prague won 6–5 on aggregate." "Arsenal won 4–3 on aggregate." "Villarreal won 5–2 on aggregate." Quarter-finals. The draw for the quarter-finals was held on 15 March 2019, 13:00 CET. Summary. The first legs were played on 11 April, and the second legs were played on 18 April 2019. <section begin="QF" /> Notes <section end="QF" /> Matches. "Arsenal won 3–0 on aggregate." "Valencia won 5–1 on aggregate." "4–4 on aggregate. Eintracht Frankfurt won on away goals." "Chelsea won 5–3 on aggregate." Semi-finals. The draw for the semi-finals was held on 15 March 2019, 13:00 CET (after the quarter-final draw). Summary. The first legs were played on 2 May, and the second legs were played on 9 May 2019. <section begin="SF" /> <section end="SF" /> Matches. "Arsenal won 7–3 on aggregate." "2–2 on aggregate. Chelsea won 4–3 on penalties." Final. The final was played on 29 May 2019 at the Olympic Stadium in Baku. The "home" team (for administrative purposes) was determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws. Changtse Changtse is a mountain in the Himalayas range, in Tibet. It is the 45th highest mountain in the world. The first person to reach the top of was Johan Taks, in 1982. Bhumika Gurung Bhumika Gurung is an Indian model and television actress. She played Nimki in Nimki Mukhiya which airs on Star Bharat. Laurie Hendren Laurie Jane Hendren (December 13, 1958 – May 27, 2019) was a Canadian computer scientist. She was a graduate of Queen's University and Cornell University. She is noted for her research in programming languages and compilers. McGill University. In 1990, she began working as an assistant professor at McGill University and became a full professor in 2001. She was awarded a Canada Research Chair in 2011. She was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2012. Hendren was born in Peterborough, Ontario. She was married and had a daughter. She died of cancer on May 27, 2019 in Montreal, Quebec. She was 60. Ingemar Skogö Ingemar Skogö (4 January 1949 – 28 May 2019) was a Swedish civil servant. Skogö was a graduate of Lund University. He served as the Governor of Västmanland County from 2009 to 2015. Skogö was also the Director-General of the Civil Aviation Administration from 1992 to 2001, and the Swedish Road Administration from 2001 to 2009. Skogö was born in Tranås. He died on 28 May 2019, at the age of 70. Roman temple Roman temples were an important part of Rome's history. They had many types of columns all around their exterior. They were used for religious ceremonies or to honor the deceased. Tuulikki Ukkola Lahja Tuulikki Ukkola ("née" Parviainen; 28 November 1943 – 28 May 2019) was a Finnish politician and journalist. She started working for the newspaper "Kaleva" in 1962. She served as an MP for the Oulu constituency for the Liberal People's Party from 1991 to 1995. She was also the leader of the party between 1993 and 1995. In 2007, Ukkola was again elected as an MP for Oulu, this time for the National Coalition Party, serving until 2011. Ukkola was born in Taivalkoski. She died on 28 May 2019 in Oulu, at the age of 75. Kula Kangri Kula Kangri is a mountain in the Himalayas range, in Tibet. It is the 46th highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top were Japanese climbers Itani, Sakamoto, Ozaki, and Ohtani, in 1986. In the past, it was thought that Kula Kangri was partly in Bhutan. Later surveys show it as only in Tibet. Chogolisa Chogolisa is a mountain in the Karakoram range, in Pakistan. It is also known as Bride Peak. It is the 36th highest mountain in the world. Chogolisa has three distinct peaks. The first people to reach the top of the highest peak were Fred Pressl and Gustav Ammerer, in 1975. Frank Lucas Frank Lucas (September 9, 1930 – May 30, 2019) was an American drug trafficker. He operated in Harlem, New York City during the late 1960s and early 1970s. He was known for cutting out middlemen in the drug trade and buying heroin straight from his source in Southeast Asia. In 1976, he was jailed for 70 years but was released five years later in 1981. He was again jailed in 1984 and released in 1991. He was played by Denzel Washington in the 2007 movie "American Gangster". He was born in La Grange, North Carolina and grew up in Greensboro, North Carolina. Lucas died in New Jersey on May 30, 2019, at the age of 89. Sinking of Hableány The sinking of "Hableány" happened on 27 May 2019 on the Danube river in Budapest, Hungary. The river cruiser collided with a much larger ship, the "Viking Sigyn". 35 people are reported to have been on board "Hableány" at the time of the event, of which 33 were South Koreans (31 tourists and two tour guides) and two were Hungarian crewmen. 27 people are confirmed dead, while one person is still missing. Another seven survived. Alan Smith (footballer, born 1921) Alan Smith (15 October 1921 – 27 May 2019) was an English footballer. He played as an outside left. Smith was born in Newcastle upon Tyne. He played for Brentford and Arsenal in the Football League during the 1940s. He later played for Leyton Orient and Ashford Town. Smith died on 27 May 2019, at the age of 97. Edgeley Park Edgeley Park is a football stadium in Edgeley, Stockport, England. Never Really Over "Never Really Over" is a song by American singer Katy Perry. The song was released on May 31, 2019, along with its music video. It is an electropop and dance-pop song. Perry wrote the song with German DJ Zedd, Dagny, Dreamlab, Hayley Werner, Gino Barletta, Michelle Buzz, and Jason Gill, while Zedd and Dreamlab produced it. Perry worked with Zedd on their joint single, "365", earlier in 2019. The song is included on Perry's studio album, "Smile". Patrick Ryan of "USA Today" called the song "an undeniable earworm that should prove to be a strong song-of-summer contender," while adding that the song was Perry's "best new song in years." Music video. The video features bright colors and dancing in California fields. Perry undergoes acupuncture and is seen with a device catching her tears and watering nearby trees. Charles L. Robinson Charles Lawrence Robinson (July 21, 1818 – August 17, 1894) was the first Governor of Kansas. He was very important in creating Lawrence, Kansas. Life. Massachusetts. Robinson was studied at Hadley and Amherst academies. He also studied at Amherst College. He studied medicine in Woodstock, Vermont, and later in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. He got his medical degree at the Berkshire Medical College in Pittsfield in 1843. He practiced medicine in Belchertown, Springfield, and Fitchburg. California. He traveled to California in 1850. In Sacramento, he edited a daily paper called the "Settler's and Miner's Tribune". He participated in the riots of 1850 as a supporter of squatter sovereignty. He was seriously wounded. While under indictment for conspiracy and murder, was elected to the California legislature. He was discharged by the court without trial. He represented California's 12th State Assembly district from 1851 to 1852. He married Sara Tappan Doolittle Lawrence in 1851, and they had two children. Kansas. During Bleeding Kansas, Robinson made many people mad because he supported anti-slavery people. In 1861, he became the first Governor of Kansas. He was elected to the Kansas State Senate. He served from 1873 to 1881. He was Superintendent of the Haskell Institute from 1887 to 1889. He was regent of the University of Kansas for twelve years. He died on August 17, 1894. He is buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in Lawrence. Broadgate Tower The Broadgate Tower is a skyscraper in London's main financial district, the City of London. It was constructed between 2005 and 2009. Citypoint Citypoint (previously known as Britannic House and Britannic Tower) is a skyscraper located on Ropemaker Street on the northern part of the City of London, the main financial district and historic center of London. Originally named Britannic House, Citypoint was built in 1967 as a 35-storey, tall headquarters for British Petroleum (now BP). This became the first building in the City of London area to pass the height of St Paul's Cathedral. The designers were F. Milton Cashmore and H. N. W. Grosvenor. In 1991 British Petroleum moved back to their original headquarters on Finsbury Circus and the building was renamed Britannic Tower. It was refurbished in 2000, with additional floor space and the height increased to . Sheppard Robson helped to improve the building. It was then renamed to Citypoint. Citypoint is the seventh-tallest building in the City, after the Heron Tower, 122 Leadenhall Street, Tower 42, 30 St Mary Axe, Broadgate Tower and 20 Fenchurch Street but only the 23rd-tallest in Greater London. In August 2005 its owner, Pillar Properties, sold the building for more than £500 million in one of the largest deals ever seen in the City office market. In early 2007 the building was again put on the market, this time for £650 million, and purchased by a private American company called Beacon Capital Partners. At the time it was the most expensive building sale in the United Kingdom. However 8 Canada Square at Canary Wharf eclipsed this by some margin just a few months later when it was sold for over £1 billion. A number of other large buildings are planned on sites nearby. These include a 43-storey, residential tower at Milton Court. A office tower at Ropemaker Place has also been developed by British Land. Ani Yudhoyono Ani Yudhoyono (born Kristiani Herrawati; 6 July 1952 – 1 June 2019) was an Indonesian socialite. She was the wife of Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and First Lady of Indonesia from 2004 until 2014. The couple married in 1976. She enjoyed photography, and was a gardening enthusiast. She launched two books on the botanic collection at the Cipanas Palace and multiple Indonesian Botanical Gardens, in which some of her photographs were included Yudhoyono was born in Yogyakarta. She died of leukaemia on 1 June 2019 in Singapore. She was 66. 2019 Virginia Beach shooting On May 31, 2019, a man fired multiple shots at a city building in the Princess Anne area of Virginia Beach, Virginia, United States. The shooting caused 12 civilian deaths. The perpetrator, DeWayne Craddock, was killed by police. Five other people were injured. A police spokesperson stated a shooter opened fire in Building 2 of the Center, which houses the city's public works, utilities, and planning departments. A semi-automatic pistol and a rifle were found at the scene. Police identified the perpetrator as 40-year-old DeWayne Craddock, a public utilities worker for the city. He was fired from his job the day before the shooting. The suspect died after a gunfight with the police. Governor Ralph Northam issued a statement on Twitter saying, "My heart breaks for the victims of this devastating shooting, their families, and all who loved them." References. Roky Erickson Roger Kynard "Roky" Erickson (July 15, 1947 – May 31, 2019) was an American singer-songwriter, harmonica player, and guitarist. He was born in Austin, Texas. He was a founding member of The 13th Floor Elevators and a known musician of the psychedelic rock genre. Erickson died on May 31, 2019 at his home in Austin at the age of 71. Oscar Martinez (The Office) Oscar Martinez is a fictional character from the US mockumentary-style television series "The Office" played by Cuban-American actor Oscar Nunez. Martinez was one of the few openly gay characters in broadcast television at the time that the series aired. Nunez, who is straight, did not know his character might be gay when he first signed on. For the 2006–2007 season, Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) reported he was the only LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) person of color character on a regular series. For the 2007–2008 season he was the "only remaining gay character on a half-hour comedy program" and the only LGBT lead or supporting character who is a person of color. Creed Bratton (character) Creed Rowland Bratton (claims to have been born November 1, 1925) is a fictional character from the U.S. television series "The Office". The character is played by the musician of the same name, Creed Bratton. The fictional Creed is partially based on the experiences and former flower child lifestyle of the real one. Series writer B. J. Novak has said that the actual Creed Bratton is exactly like the character he plays, except that the real Creed is a good-hearted and likable person. Penny Mordaunt Penelope Mary Mordaunt (; born 4 March 1973) is a British Conservative politician who is currently Leader of the House of Commons and Lord President of the Council. She was the Secretary of State for Defence in 2019, and has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Portsmouth North since 2010. Mordaunt was Secretary of State for International Development from 2017 to 2019. In May 2019, Mordaunt was appointed Defence Secretary after Gavin Williamson was fired. She is the first woman to hold this post. In July 2022, Mordaunt announced her candidacy to replace Boris Johnson as Leader of the Conservative Party in the 2022 leadership election. She was eliminated in the fifth round of voting on 20 July 2022. After Liz Truss resigned as Prime Minister in October 2022, Mordaunt announced her candidacy for Conservative Party leader again for the October leadership election. She withdrew from the race on 23 October 2022 and supported Rishi Sunak, who eventually won the election unopposed. Paolo Babbini Paolo Babbini (19 August 1935 – 25 May 2019) was an Italian politician. He was a member of the Socialist Party (PSI). Babbini served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies for three terms, from 1979 to 1983 and two back-to-back terms from 1987 to 1994. He was born in Bologna. He was a municipal councillor of Bologna for over 25 years. Babbini died on 25 May 2019 in Bologna, at the age of 83. Tony DeLap Truman Henry "Tony" DeLap (4 November 1927 – 29 May 2019) was an American artist who worked mainly in California. He was known for his abstract sculpture using illusionist techniques and craftsmanship. His works were important in the West Coast minimalism and Op Art field. DeLap was included in several important group exhibitions of the 1960s including; Primary Structures at the Jewish Museum; "American Sculpture of the Sixties" at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art; and "The Responsive Eye" at The Museum of Modern Art, New York City. Bengt Rösiö Per Bengt Magnus Ingemar Rösiö (14 May 1927 – 19 May 2019) was a Swedish diplomat and author. He was Ambassador to 17 countries and wrote 20 books, mainly on diplomacy. He was known however for having conducted the Swedish government's inquiry into the death of the UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld where he said that there was no foul play. Rösiö was administrative director of the Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation from 1962 to 1964, first embassy secretary in Washington, D.C. from 1964 to 1965, United Nations Deputy Resident Representative in Algiers in 1965 and embassy counsellor in Khartoum from 1966 to 1969. He was consul general in Houston from 1969 to 1971 and deputy director at the Foreign Ministry from 1972 to 1973. Artois Artois is a former province of northern France. Its territory covers an area of about 4,000 km². It has the population of about one million. Arras, Saint-Omer, Lens, and Béthune are some major cities in the region. Joseph Cottet Joseph Cottet (14 April 1923 – 23 May 2019) was a Swiss politician. He was born in Bossonnens. He served as a member of the Grand Council of Fribourg for the Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents from 1957 to 1971. Cottet later served in the National Council as a member of the People's Party from 1983 to 1987. Cottet died on 23 May 2019, at the age of 96. Simbach am Inn Simbach am Inn () is a town on the river Inn in Rottal-Inn in Bavaria, Germany. Braunau am Inn is on the opposite side of the river from Simbach. Geography. Schellenberg. Schellenberg is a hill north of town. At over 549 meters in height, it is the tallest hill between the Inn and Rott. The hill gives views of the Inn valley, bordering Upper Austria, and (on clear days) the Alps. Twin towns and cities. Simbach am Inn is twinned with: The Show Must Go On (Queen song) "The Show Must Go On" is a 1991 song by the British rock band Queen and is the fifth and final single from their 14th studio album "Innuendo". It went to number 2 in France, number 5 in Italy, number 6 in the Netherlands, number 7 in Germany and the Netherlands, number 11 in Switzerland, number 15 in Finland and number 16 in the United Kingdom. 1/f noise 1/f noise or pink noise is a mathematical equation that relates the power of the signal to the signal's frequency. A signal's power measurement will be 1/frequency, which is a power law relationship. Upstream spying Upstream spying is one of the types of spying that the National Security Agency (NSA) does. It refers to online spying which is done on the internet backbone. List of airports in Canada This is an alphabetical list of Airports in Canada. Mario Baudoin Mario Jorge Baudoin Semanas (September 4, 1942 – May 18, 2019) was a Bolivian biologist and conservationist. He was known for his research in Bolivia and Costa Rica. He was a past director of the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Bolivia|, the Institute of Ecology at Higher University of San Andrés, and the La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica. In the early 1990s, he was involved in the creation of the Servicio Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (SERNAP), which led to the 1995 creation of Madidi National Park. He won the 2008 Distinguished Services Award from the Society for Conservation Biology. Baudoin was born in Sucre, Bolivia. He studied at the City University of New York and at University of Michigan. Baudoin died in La Paz, Bolivia on May 18, 2019 at the age of 76. Jan Levinson Janet "Jan" Levinson (formerly Levinson-Gould) is a fictional character from the US television series "The Office". She is played by Melora Hardin. She is the Vice President of Northeast Sales at the paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin. She was the boss of Michael Scott. Her character is known for the unstable relationship she enters with Michael after the second-season episode, "The Client", until the fourth-season episode "Dinner Party". Her crazy sexual behavior led to her firing. Melora Hardin Melora Diane Hardin (born June 29, 1967) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Jan Levinson on NBC's "The Office" and Trudy Monk on USA's "Monk". Hardin was orignally cast to play Jennifer Parker in "Back to the Future", but was replaced when Eric Stoltz was let go. Sam Gyimah Samuel Phillip Gyimah (; born 10 August 1976) is a Conservative politician. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for East Surrey since the 2010 general election. Career. Between 2014 and 2018, he was the Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Prime Minister David Cameron and a government whip. Gyimah was the Minister for Universities, Science, Research and Innovation from January 2018 until he resigned on 30 November 2018. On 1 June 2019, Gyimah announced his plans to run for Leader of the Conservative Party in the 2019 election. But on 10 June, he withdrew from the race. Single-elimination tournament Knockout is format generally used in different sports to decide the winner by quarter finals, semi-finals and finals. John Myers (radio executive) John Myers (April 1959 – 1 June 2019) was a British radio executive, consultant and presenter. He was born in Carlisle, Cumbria. He was chairman of the UK Radio Academy Awards and the Commercial Radio Awards, as well as the owner of Myers Media. He was the chief executive of GMG Radio during the 2000s, and developed the Real Radio, Smooth Radio and Rock Radio brands. He served as chief executive of the Radio Academy from April 2011 until June 2012. He was also the founding chairman of TeamRock. He retired in May 2016. Myers was a cancer survivor. He died suddenly on 1 June 2019, at the age of 60. Momtazuddin Ahmed (dramatist) Momtazuddin Ahmed (; 18 January 1935 – 2 June 2019) was a Bangladeshi dramatist and educator. He was born in Maldaha, Bengal Presidency. His writings were about culture, performance, literature and other subjects. His theatre activities focused on satire. He wrote 25 plays for stage, radio and television, directing many of them. Some of his noted works were "Saat Ghater Kanakori" and "Ki Chaho Shankhachil". He was awarded the Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1976 and Ekushey Padak in 1997. Ahmed died on 2 June 2019 in Dhaka, at the age of 84. Alexey Kazannik Alexey Ivanovich Kazannik (; 26 July 1941 – 2 June 2019) was a Russian lawyer and politician. He was born in Horodnia Raion, Ukrainian SSR. He studied law at Irkutsk State University and graduated in 1967. In 1989, he became known for giving his seat in the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union to Boris Yeltsin. From 1993 to 1994, Kazannik was Prosecutor General of Russia. Kazannik later served as Deputy Governor of Omsk Oblast from 1995 to 2003. He also taught law at Omsk State University. Kazannik died after a long illness on 2 June 2019 in Omsk. He was 77. Dhoti Dhoti is a white piece of cloth basically worn by Indian people. They have different ways be worn. In West Bengal their wearing style is known as koncha style. Nowadays people use them in occasional purposes. Earlier they were worn by rich zamindars of India. The Dhoti is a commonly worn national dress-code for Indian men. Agent Cody Banks ‘’’Agent Cody Banks’’’ is an American film set in 2002. Synopsis. Cody Banks is a bullied 15 year old 11th grader. He has to fight bullies and throw them in the water. Wilson Shannon Wilson Shannon (February 24, 1802 – August 30, 1877) was a Democratic politician from Ohio and Kansas. He served as the 14th and 16th Governor of Ohio. He and was the first governor of Ohio born in the state. Shannon was the second governor of the Kansas Territory. Life. Shannon was born in Belmont County, Ohio on February 24, 1802. His father, George Shannon, fought in the Revolutionary War. Ohio. Shannon was a student at Ohio University and Translyvania University. He studied law. He became a lawyer in 1830. He was the prosecuting attorney for Belmont County from 1833 to 1835. Kansas Territory. On August 10, 1855, President Franklin Pierce asked Shannon to become the governor of Kansas. He was governor from September 7, 1855 until August 18, 1856. Shannon sent the federal military to Kansas many times. He did this to stop violence. In May 1856, a big pro-slavery army came to Lawrence, and they attacked the city. This was known as the "Sacking of Lawrence." Shannon did not try to stop them, and he did not guard the people of Lawrence or their property. Shannon lost control of Kansas, and he went to St. Louis, Missouri on June 23, 1856. He quit on August 18, 1856. Later Life and Death. Shannon came back to Kansas after quitting. He was a lawyer in Lawrence, Lecompton, and Topeka, Kansas. He died on August 30, 1877. He is buried in Oak Hill Cemetery in Lawrence. John W. Geary John White Geary (December 30, 1819February 8, 1873) was an American lawyer, politician, Freemason, and a Union general in the American Civil War. He was the first mayor of San Francisco. He was the 3rd Governor of the Kansas Territory. He was also the 16th Governor of Pennsylvania. Life. Geary was born near Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania. Today, it is close to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. California. Geary became the first mayor of San Francisco. He is the youngest person to be mayor of San Francisco. President Franklin Pierce asked Geary to be the governor of the Utah Territory, but Geary said no. Kansas. President Franklin Pierce asked Geary to be Governor of the Kansas Territory, and Geary said yes. He became governor on July 31, 1856. Pro-slavery people did not like Geary. They wanted Daniel Woodson to be governor instead. At first, he did not get along with anti-slavery people in Kansas. This changed. He became friends with Charles Robinson and Samuel Pomeroy. He believed pro-slavery people were the cause of the violence in Kansas. Pennsylvania. Geary was a Republican Governor of Pennsylvania from 1867 to 1873. On February 8, 1873, he had a heart attack and died in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. He was 53 years old. Mart Nutt Mart Nutt (21 March 1962 – 2 June 2019) was an Estonian politician and historian. He served as a member of the Riigikogu, the parliament of Estonia, since the country's independence in 1991. From 1991 to 1992, he was head of department of Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He became a member of the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2007. From 1988 to 1991, Nutt was a research director of the Estonian Open Air Museum. He was the curator of the Estonian Academy of Arts. Nutt died on 2 June 2019, at the age of 57. Andrew Horatio Reeder Andrew Horatio Reeder (July 12, 1807 – July 5, 1864) was the first governor of the Territory of Kansas. Early Life. Reeder was born on July 12, 1807 in Easton, Pennsylvania. He went to school in Lawrenceville, New Jersey. He became a lawyer in 1828 in Pennsylvania. In 1831, he married Frederika Amalia Hutter. They had three sons and seven daughters. Kansas. Reeder supported the idea of popular sovereignty (where people in a state would decide whether a state becomes free or slave) about slavery. On June 29, 1854, President Franklin Pierce asked Reeder to be the governor of the Kansas Territory. He said yes. He would stay governor until August 16, 1855. On March 30, 1855, many pro-slavery people from Missouri illegally voted in Kansas. Those people wanted Kansas to become a slave state. This caused a lot of violence between Missouri and Kansas, known as Bleeding Kansas. Reeder did not approve the results. He set up new elections. President Franklin Pierce asked Reeder to quit. This is because Reeder did not let Kansas become a slave state. Pennsylvania. Reeder came back to Pennsylvania. He was a part of the Republican Party. He stayed in politics and law. He died in Easton, Pennsylvania on July 5, 1864. He is buried in Easton Cemetery. Aphrophoridae The Aphrophoridae or spittlebug is an insect that leaves white foam on plants. It is a pest, but only when a large number are present. Christian radio Christian radio is a kind of radio station that has mostly Christian programs. Some Christian radio stations play Christian music. Some Christian radio stations have talk or news programs. History. Since the early days of broadcasting, some stations have included Church services, sermons, and Christian Music. The first AM experimental broadcast was on Christmas Eve, and included a violin playing religious music. Christian programs were common by the time radio became popular in the 1920s. Christian Radio Formats. Christian Radio can follow many different formats. In fact, for most every secular radio format there is a corresponding Christian format. The only exception may be the "shock jock" format. Some of the popular Christian formats would be "Oldies" (traditional music), Black Gospel, Southern Gospel, "Rock", Talk, Worship, sermons, etc. In addition many Christian stations use languages other than the majority language of their country. Because of these language and format possibilities, a large city may have a dozen or more Christian stations without much overlap in their programming. Christian Radio Viewpoints. While Evangelical groups have by far the most stations, there are also Roman Catholic radio stations. Liberal Christian groups make some programs, but few own their own stations, preferring to buy time on other, usually secular stations. Target Audience. Some Christian stations seek to target a particular group such as youth, elderly, women or other groups. Many Christian stations produce programs that are mainly of interest to those who are already committed Christians. Others seek to do evangelism, and have music and programs that might attract those who are not already Christians. Funding. Many Christian Stations operate as non-commercial stations. They get most of their financial support from listeners or those who donate in order to influence the listeners. Other stations operate as commercial stations, that is, they carry advertisements to cover the cost of the operation. Growth in numbers. The number of radio stations in the U.S. with a Christian format has grown greatly in the 21st Century. This is partly because some AM stations could not compete as commercial stations and were bought by Christian groups to operate as non-commercial or semi-commercial Christian stations. Also more opportunities for FM stations came about with changes in FCC rules. Many countries which used to have only government stations began to allow other groups to have radio stations. This increased the number of Christian stations outside the U.S. International Stations. There are many Christian stations that operate with a Missionary purpose. They broadcast the Christian message to countries and groups where there are large numbers of persons who are not Christians, or who are Christians with limited access to churches or Christian teaching. These stations consider themselves "Missionary Radio" stations, as opposed to Stations that mainly serve the needs of persons in majority Christian countries. Another distinction between Christian radio and Missionary Radio is that with Missionary Radio, the funding almost never comes from the people being served, whereas in Christian radio is often is from them. In the past when many countries, for example the Communist block, limited Christian activities, the Missionary stations were very active in broadcasting in many languages and to many places.Some of these countries now allow more local Christian activity. However other countries still limit the work of missionaries and so radio is still used. In some countries only government stations can operate. Stations outside the country are the only way to provide service into those countries. To provide the longer range coverage, shortwave is often used by Missionary stations, although super power AM is also sometimes used. Charles Branscomb Charles Henry Branscomb (June 16, 1822 January 3, 1891) was a person in the New England Emigrant Aid Society. He and Charles L. Robinson helped create the city of Lawrence, Kansas in 1854. Life. Branscomb was born in Newmarket, New Hampshire on June 16, 1822. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1845, and he graduated from Cambridge in 1848. In the 1850s, he joined the New England Emigrant Aid Company. In 1854, he and Charles Robinson went to the Kansas Territory. They were looking for a good place to make a city. They found a place, and it became Lawrence, Kansas. He led the first people to Lawrence. In the 1860s, Branscomb moved to St. Louis. In 1874, he came back to Lawrence. He ran for Governor of Kansas, but he lost. In 1890, he moved to Denver, Colorado. He died on January 3, 1891 of pneumonia. Waterloo Wind Farm Waterloo Wind Farm is based east of Manoora, South Australia. It is the largest wind farm operated by EnergyAustralia. The 111 megawatt wind farm spreads across five acres of land and cost about $350 million, it began construction in November, 2008 and has been operational since October 2010. On a windy day three wind turbines can power the whole of Clare and the whole wind farm can power up to 163,000 homes or 5 to 10% of South Australia. Barry Hughes Barry Hughes (31 December 1937 – 2 June 2019) was a Welsh professional football player and manager. Hughes began his career with the youth team of English team West Bromwich Albion, but left without making a first-team appearance in the Football League. Hughes began his coaching career in 1966 with Alkmaar'54, and later managed a variety of Dutch club sides including HFC Haarlem, Go Ahead Eagles, Sparta Rotterdam, FC Utrecht, MVV and FC Volendam. János Horváth János Horváth (November 7, 1921 – November 25, 2019) was a Hungarian economist and politician. He was a member of the National Assembly (MP) from 1945 to 1947 and again from 1998 to 2014. Horváth was the oldest Member of Parliament between 2003 until his retirement in 2014. He was also the youngest member of the Hungarian Parliament in 1945. In 1992, he ran against Andrew Jacobs Jr. for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in Indiana. Horváth died on November 25, 2019 in Budapest at the age of 98. Bertram Bowyer, 2nd Baron Denham Bertram Stanley Mitford Bowyer, 2nd Baron Denham, KBE, PC (3 October 1927 – 1 December 2021) was a British Conservative politician. He was a member of the House of Lords as one of the remaining hereditary peers. He was one of the few people to serve in the governments of five different Prime Ministers. Following the death of Lord Carrington in July 2018, Denham was the longest-serving current member of the House of Lords. Bowyer died on 1 December 2021 at the age of 94. Susan Cunliffe-Lister, Baroness Masham of Ilton Susan Cunliffe-Lister, Dowager Countess of Swinton, Baroness Masham of Ilton, (née Sinclair; born ) is a British crossbench. She has been a member of the House of Lords since 1970. She is the senior female life peer. Claes Andersson Claes-Johan Rudolf Andersson (30 May 1937 – 24 July 2019) was a Finland-Swedish psychiatrist, author, poet, jazz musician and politician. He was born in Helsinki. He was a member of the Finnish Parliament, representing the Left Alliance and the Finnish People's Democratic League. He was member of Finnish Parliament in 1987–1999 and 2007–2008. Andersson died at a hospital in Helsinki from problems caused by a long-illness on 24 July 2019 at the age of 82. Jacob Söderman Jacob-Magnus (Jacob) Söderman (born 19 March 1938) is a Finnish politician. He has been a Member of Parliament since September 2007 until 2011 (and earlier in 1972-1982). Söderman is a member of Social Democratic Party of Finland. He was Minister of Justice (In October 1971), Minister of Social Affairs and Health (1982), governor of Uusimaa Province (1982–89), Parliamentary Ombudsman of Finland (1989–95) and the first European Ombudsman (1995–2003). He was born in Helsinki, Finland. Jörn Donner Jörn Johan Donner (5 February 1933 – 30 January 2020) was a Finnish writer, movie director, actor, producer, and politician. He was the founder of Finnish Film Archive. Donner was born in Helsinki, Finland. In 1979, he was a member of the jury at the 29th Berlin International Film Festival. Donner was best known as the producer of Ingmar Bergman's movie "Fanny and Alexander" ("Fanny och Alexander", 1982). In 1984 the movie won a total of four Academy Awards including the award for best foreign language film, making him to date the only Finn to receive an Oscar. His novel "Far och son" ("Father and Son") won the Finlandia Prize in 1985. Donner was a member of the SDP and RKP. He was a member of the Finnish parliament and the European Parliament. Donner had prostate and lung cancers. He died of lung disease on 30 January 2020 at a hospital in Helsinki, aged 86. Erkki Tuomioja Erkki Sakari Tuomioja (born 1 July 1946) is a Finnish politician. He is a member of the Finnish Parliament. From 2000 to 2007 and 2011 to 2015, he was the Minister for Foreign Affairs. He was President of the Nordic Council in 2008. Tuomioja is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Finland. Otto Schily Otto Georg Schily (born 20 July 1932) is a German politician. He was the Federal Minister of the Interior of Germany from 1998 to 2005 in the cabinet of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). Heinz Riesenhuber Heinz Friedrich Ruppert Riesenhuber (born 1 December 1935) is a German politician. He is a member of the CDU. He was Minister of Scientific Research under Chancellor Helmut Kohl from 1982 to 1993. David Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn David Clive Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn, (born 14 February 1935) is a retired Scottish administrator, diplomat and Sinologist. He was the 27th Governor of Hong Kong (from 1987 to 1992). He was Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, the British Monarch's representative to the Assembly, in 2010 and 2011. Béla Turi-Kovács Béla Turi-Kovács (born 2 December 1935) is a Hungarian politician. He was Minister of Environment between 2000 and 2002. He is a member of the National Assembly since 1998. He is the Father of the House (oldest sitting MP) since 2014 thus he opened the inaugural session of the National Assembly in 2014. Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah Tan Sri Tengku Razaleigh bin Tengku Mohd Hamzah (Jawi: تڠكو غزالي بن تڠكو محمد حمزه; born 13 April 1937) is a Malaysian politician. He is a Member of Parliament. He was the Minister of Finance (1976–1984), Minister of International Trade and Industry (1984–1987), former chairman of Asian Development Bank, former chairman of Islamic Development Bank, founding Chairman and Chief Executive of Malaysian oil company, PETRONAS, and chairman of the 33rd Board of Governors of the World Bank and IMF. He is now the longest serving member of parliament in Malaysia. Jonathan Hunt (New Zealand politician) Jonathan Lucas Hunt (born 2 December 1938) is a New Zealand politician. He was New Zealand's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 2005 to March 2008. He was Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives. He is a member of the Labour Party. Hunt is a member of the Order of New Zealand, New Zealand's highest civilian honour. Hunt was given the nickname the "Minister for Wine and Cheese" after his well-known liking of the combo. Robin Gray (New Zealand politician) Sir Robert "Robin" McDowall Gray (2 July 1931 – 2 April 2022) was a New Zealand politician. He was an MP from 1978 to 1996, and was Speaker of the House of Representatives between 1990 and 1993. Gray died at his home in Mosgiel, New Zealand on 2 April 2022 at the age of 90. Russell Marshall Cedric Russell Marshall (born 15 February 1936), known as Russell Marshall, is a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party and diplomat. He represented the Wanganui electorate from 1972 to 1990, when he retired. In the 2001 New Year Honours, Marshall was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for public services. Vladimir Dolgikh Vladimir Ivanovich Dolgikh (; 5 December 1924 – 8 October 2020) was a Russian politician. He was born in Ilansky, Yeniseysk Governorate, Soviet Union. He was head of the Metallurgical Department of the Central Committee Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He was a candidate member (non-voting) of the Politburo from 1982 to 1988. From 2013 to 2018, Dolgikh was the Senator from Moscow. Dolgikh died on 8 October 2020 in Moscow at the age of 95. Dragoljub Mićunović Dragoljub Mićunović ( ; born 14 June 1930) is a Serbian politician and philosopher. He was one of the founders of the modern Democratic Party (DS) in 1989, and its first President (1990-1994). He left DS in 1996 to form Democratic Centre. As a member of Democratic Opposition of Serbia, he was speaker of the Parliament of Serbia and Montenegro between 2000 and 2004. In 2004, he rejoined DS and has been an active member of the party and member of the Assembly of Serbia since. He was a candidate at the 2003 Serbian presidential election, winning 35.42% of the popular vote, but the election was canceled due to low turnout. Manolis Glezos Manolis Glezos (; 9 September 1922 – 30 March 2020) was a Greek left-wing politician and guerrilla. Glezos was best known for his participation in the World War II resistance. He was an MEP from 1984 to 1985 and again from 2014 to 2015. In March 2010, Glezos was participating in a protest demonstration in Athens, when he was hit in the face by a police tear gas canister. He was carried away injured. In February 2012, Glezos was arrested by riot police while protesting in Athens. Glezos died on 30 March 2020 of heart failure in Athens at the age of 98. Leyland Motors Leyland Motors Limited (later known as the Leyland Motor Corporation) started in the town of Leyland, Lancashire, England. It started as a bus manufacturing company but soon started to make trucks too. The factory locations included Spurrier Works in Leyland. A new factory was opened in Workington where the Leyland National Bus was produced from 1972 to 1985. Leyland, Lancashire Leyland () is a town in the South Ribble borough, in the county of Lancashire, England. It is about six miles (10 km) south of the city of Preston. The population of the town was about 35,600 in 2011. The name of the town is of old Anglo-Saxon origin, meaning "untilled land". History. English Leyland was an area of fields, with Roman roads passing through, from ancient Wigan to Walton-le-Dale. Industry. The town is famous primarily for the bus and truck manufacturer Leyland Motors, which between the 1950s and 1970s expanded and grew to own several British motor manufacturers, including British Motor Corporation, Standard-Triumph and Rover, culminating in the massive British Leyland company. The truck business still operates today as Leyland Trucks, and is owned by Paccar. Transport. Leyland railway station is on the West Coast Main Line and is run by Northern. There is one train an hour between Liverpool Lime Street and Preston. There is also one train an hour between Manchester Victoria/Hazel Grove to Blackpool North. Education. To the east of Worden Park is Runshaw College. The college received the best Ofsted report, for any further education college in the United Kingdom in 2005. Leyland is made up by six different areas, the town centre itself as the main retail side, with the railway station, library and shops nearby. The other areas include Broadfield, Moss Side, Worden Park, Turpin Green and the Wade Hall estate. People. Famous people who have grown up or lived in Leyland include: Alistair Browning Alistair Browning (8 February 1954 – 2 June 2019) was a New Zealand actor. He was born in Dunedin. He most notably played the role of Damrod in Peter Jackson's ' (2002) and ' (2003). He won Best Supporting Actor in a Feature Film at the 2001 New Zealand Film and Television Awards for his role in "Rain". He also had TV roles in series such as "Power Rangers Ninja Storm", "Power Rangers Dino Thunder" and "Shortland Street". Browning died of cancer on 2 June 2019 in Palmerston North. He was 65. Ang Mo Kio MRT station Ang Mo Kio MRT station (NS16/CR11) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North South Line in Ang Mo Kio, Singapore. Ang Mo Kio station is the only above-ground and non-interchange MRT station to have a middle train track. The middle track can be used during track/train faults, and certain train services that start from Marina South Pier MRT Station or Jurong East MRT Station end here. The station opened on 7 November 1987, and will become an interchange station with the Cross Island MRT line when the first part, or stage, of the line opens in 2029. History. The station was opened on 7 November 1987, and was one of the five stations that together were the first MRT stations to open. Nitcharee Peneakchansak, a 14-year-old Thai, was badly injured and lost both her legs after she fell onto the track and was hit by a train at the station on 3 April 2011. On 25 January 2019, Transport Minister Khaw Boon Wan announced that the first stage of the Cross Island Line will open in 2029, with Ang Mo Kio being one of the stations along the line. First Lady or Gentleman of Indonesia The title of First Lady () or First Gentleman () has been used for the wife or husband of the President of Indonesia. The Constitution of Indonesia does not mention anything about the spouses of the President. The current holder of the title is Iriana Joko Widodo, wife of current President Joko Widodo. Taufiq Kiemas, husband of President Megawati Soekarnoputri, to date is the only First Gentleman. Arne Lyngstad Arne Lyngstad (10 May 1962 – 30 May 2019) was a Norwegian politician. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Party. Lyngstad was born in Verdal. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Nord-Trøndelag in 1997. He retired in 2005. Lyngstad died on 30 May 2019 from cancer in Trondheim, aged 57. Paul Darrow Paul Darrow (born Paul Valentine Birkby; 2 May 1941 – 3 June 2019) was an English actor. He was born in Chessington, Surrey. Darrow was best known for his role as Kerr Avon in the BBC science fiction television series "Blake's 7". He also guest starred twice on "Doctor Who", playing Captain Hawkins in the serial "Doctor Who and the Silurians" and Maylin Tekker in the serial "Timelash". In late 2014, he suffered an aortic aneurysm and both of his legs were amputated due to problems. Darrow died on 3 June 2019 at his home in Billingshurst, West Sussex at the age of 78. Abortion debate Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy. For decades, induced abortion is a subject that is controversial. Each person has a system of moral values. Based on their system of morals, people have different opinions about it. Religion can also influence this opinion. Different opinions around the world. A number of opinion polls have been carried out around the world. They have tried to find out what people think about abortion. Results were different for different countries, but also varied with the questions that were asked. In May 2005, a survey was done in ten European countries. The people were asked, if they could agree with the statement: "If a woman does not want children, she should be allowed to have an abortion". The highest level of approval was 81% in the Czech Republic; the lowest was 47% in Poland. A poll was done in November 2001. The poll asked people in Canada in what circumstances they believed an abortion should be permitted. 32% responded that they believe abortion should be legal in all circumstances, 52% that it should be legal in certain circumstances, and 14% that it should never be legal. A similar poll in April 2009 surveyed people in the United States about abortion; 18% said that abortion should be "legal in all cases", 28% said that abortion should be "legal in most cases", 28% said abortion should be "illegal in most cases" and 16% said abortion should be "illegal in all cases". In a Gallup poll taken in July 2011, however, 47% of Americans identified themselves as pro-life and the same percentage of Americans identified themselves as pro-choice. A November 2005 poll in Mexico found that 73.4% think abortion should not be legalized while 11.2% think it should. Of attitudes in South America, a December 2003 survey found that 30% of Argentines thought that abortion should be allowed in Argentina "regardless of situation", 47% that it should be allowed "under some circumstances", and 23% that it should not be allowed "regardless of situation". A March 2007 poll about abortion in Brazil found that 65% of Brazilians believe that it "should not be modified", 16% that it should be expanded "to allow abortion in other cases", 10% that abortion should be "decriminalized", and 5% were "not sure". A July 2005 poll in Colombia found that 65.6% said they thought that abortion should remain illegal, 26.9% that it should be made legal, and 7.5% that they were unsure. Pro-life and pro-choice. Some people have strong feelings about abortion. People who think that the law should let women choose to have abortions are called "pro-choice". People who think that abortion is wrong and that the law should not allow it are called "pro-life". People who are pro-choice believe that women should be allowed to have control over their own bodies when it comes to ending or continuing a pregnancy. They believe that, because the embryo or fetus is inside the woman's body and does not have developed enough organs to survive on its own until later in the pregnancy, it is not yet a person with rights. Pro-choice people also make the argument that abortion needs to be legal in order to protect women, because when abortion is illegal, it does not completely stop abortions from happening, but makes it so that women try to do abortions on themselves or get them done by people who are not trained doctors, which puts those women in danger of death or injury. Pro-choice people believe the way to prevent abortion is to make sure women only get pregnant when they want to. In addition to advocating the legality of abortion, pro-choice groups like Planned Parenthood often try to improve people's access to things used to prevent pregnancy (called "contraception"), and try to teach young people about sex to reduce the number of teen pregnancies. People who are pro-life believe that all humans, including the unborn, have a right to life. For this reason, they believe abortion is wrong and that it is murder. They think the law should make abortion a crime in order to protect innocent life within the womb. However, though pro-life people think abortion is wrong, there are rare cases in which "some" pro-life people would allow an abortion to happen, like if the pregnancy puts the woman's life at risk or if she got pregnant from rape. Pro-life people think women who are pregnant and do not want to raise a child should look for alternatives to abortion such as giving the baby up for adoption. There are many crisis pregnancy centers pro-life people have started to discourage women from having abortions. They have also started advocacy groups, like the American Life League, Feminists for Life and Live Action, to try to convince more people to believe that abortion is wrong and to try to get governments to make laws to restrict abortion. Some pro-life people have used violence to try to stop abortions from happening. However, most people who are against abortion do not do such wrong things and so they try to stop abortions from happening through peaceful activism. Religious views. Many religions have a view on abortion. These views span a broad spectrum from acceptance to rejection. Most religions generally oppose abortion. Selected issues of the debate. Generally, when there is a debate about whether abortion laws should be changed in a country, there are advocacy groups. Some of the arguments these groups often have are outlined below. Breast cancer hypothesis. There is a hypothesis that induced abortion raises the risk of getting breast cancer. People who support this, call it a "link", rather than a "hypothesis". The subject has been controversial, but currently, scientists agree that there is no link between abortion in the first trimester, and increasing the risk to get breast cancer. In early pregnancy, levels of estrogen increase. This causes the breast to grow, and to prepare for lactation. In the 1890s, studies were done on rats, before this hypothesis was put forward. Can the embryo or fetus feel pain? It is currently unclear from what moment the embryo or fetus can feel pain. This is also used in the debate about abortion. Many researchers think that a fetus is unlikely to feel pain until after the seventh month of pregnancy. Others disagree. At about twenty-six weeks of pregnancy, certain connections are made in the thalamus of the growing fetus. Developmental neurobiologists suspect that these connections may be critical to perception of pain by the fetus. However, legislation has been proposed by pro-life advocates requiring abortion providers to tell a woman that the embryo or fetus may feel pain during an abortion procedure. Researchers from the University of California, San Francisco published a study in the Journal of the American Medical Association. The study analyzed data from dozens of medical reports and other studies. The researchers concluded that fetuses are unlikely to feel pain until the third trimester of pregnancy. However a number of medical critics have since disputed these conclusions. There are certain connections in the thalamus of the fetuse. These connections develop at about twenty-six weeks of pregnancy. At the end of the 20th century there was an emerging consensus among developmental neurobiologists that these connections are very important when it comes to the perception of pain in the fetus. Other researchers such as Anand and Fisk have challenged this late date, positing that pain can be felt around twenty weeks. Pain can have many different aspects: It might be purely relying on sensory input, but it might also involve emotions and thought. For this reason, it is perhaps impossible to know exactly when the embryo or fetus feels pain, even if it has developed the links in the thalamus. Ken Matthews Kenneth Joseph Matthews (21 June 1934 – 3 June 2019) was a British racewalker. He was born in Birmingham. He won the gold medal in 20 km walk at the 1964 Summer Olympics, Tokyo. He also won the gold medal in the same event at the European Athletics Championships in 1962. He was added to the England Athletics Hall of Fame in 2011. Matthews died on 3 June 2019, at the age of 84. Grant Hammond Sir Robert Grant Hammond (14 May 1944 – 31 May 2019) was a New Zealand jurist and law professor. He was born in Te Awamutu. He was a judge of the High Court of New Zealand from 1992 to 2004, and was a justice of the Court of Appeal from 2004 to 2011. He served as president of the New Zealand Law Commission from 2010 to 2016. From 2010 until his death in 2019, Hammond was a judge of the Supreme Court of Samoa. Hammond died on 31 May 2019, at the age of 75. Atsushi Aoki was a Japanese professional wrestler. He was born in Tokyo. He started his career in Pro Wrestling Noah in 2005. During his time at Pro Wrestling Noah, he was a two-time winner of the Global Junior Heavyweight Tag League and held the GHC Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship twice during his seven years with the promotion. Aoki moved to All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) in December 2012. He became the top star of the junior heavyweight division at AJPW. He won the AJPW World Junior Heavyweight Championship four times and the All Asia Tag Team Championship 3 times. Aoki was killed in a motorcycle accident on 3 June 2019 in Tokyo. He was 41. Richard Hammond Richard Mark Hammond (born 19 December 1969) is an English journalist, presenter and writer. He is best known for co-hosting the BBC Two motoring series "Top Gear" from 2002 until 2015 with Jeremy Clarkson and James May. In 2016, he started presenting "The Grand Tour" with Clarkson and May. Hammond has also presented "" (2003–2008), "Total Wipeout" (2009–2012) and "Planet Earth Live" (2012). Hammond was born on 19 December 1969 in Solihull, Warwickshire. He is married to Amanda "Mindy" Hammond. The couple have two daughters, Isabella "Izzy" (born 2001) and Willow (born 2004). James May James Daniel May (born 16 January 1963) is an English television presenter and journalist. He is best known for co-hosting the BBC Two motoring series "Top Gear" from 2002 until 2015 with Jeremy Clarkson and Richard Hammond. He started hosting "The Grand Tour" in 2016, also with Clarkson and Hammond. He wrote a weekly column for the motoring section of "The Daily Telegraph" from 2003 to 2011. May was born in Bristol. He has been dating dance critic Sarah Frater since 2000. The couple live in Hammersmith, London. Patricia Bath Patricia Era Bath (November 4, 1942 – May 30, 2019) was an American ophthalmologist, inventor, humanitarian, and academic. She was born in New York City. She was the first woman member of the Jules Stein Eye Institute. She worked at the UCLA Medical Center. Bath was the first African-American person to be a resident in ophthalmology at New York University. She was the first African-American woman doctor to receive a patent for a medical purpose. She is the holder of five patents. Bath died on May 30, 2019 at a University of California, San Francisco medical center from cancer-related problems, aged 76. Stanley Tigerman Stanley Tigerman (September 20, 1930 – June 3, 2019) was an American architect, theorist and designer. He was an important architect in Chicago, Illinois. Tigerman's best known designs include the Five Polytechnic Institutes in Bangladesh, the Illinois Holocaust Museum and Education Center in Skokie, Illinois, the Illinois Regional Library for the Blind and Physically Handicapped in Springfield, Illinois and POWERHOUSE Energy Museum in Zion, Illinois. Tigerman taught at many universities across the United States. He was the director of the School of Architecture at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Tigerman was born in Chicago to a Jewish family. He was married three times. He had two children. He died of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on June 3, 2019 in Chicago. He was 88. Maciej Parowski Maciej Parowski (27 December 1946 – 2 June 2019) was a Polish journalist, essayist, science fiction writer, editor and translator. She was born in Warsaw. He worked as a critic of science-fiction. He was Chief editor of "Nowa Fantastyka" from 1992 to 2003. He also wrote the comics: "Funky Koval" and "Wiedźmin". Parowski died on 2 June 2019 in Warsaw at the age of 72. Geevarghese Mar Timotheos Geevarghese Mar Timotheos (2 February 1928 – 4 June 2019) was an Indian Eastern Catholic bishop. Timotheos was born in Amayannoor, Kerala. became a priest in 1953. He served as the Bishop of Tiruvalla from 1988 until his retirement in 2003. Timotheos died on 4 June 2019 in Tiruvalla, at the age of 91. Nechama Rivlin Nechama Rivlin (‎; 5 June 1945 – 4 June 2019) was an Israeli socialite. She was the First Lady of Israel from 2014 until her death in 2019. She was married to Reuven Rivlin, the current President of Israel. The couple married in 1971. Rivlin was born in Herut. She was a graduate of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She later worked as a researcher at the university, and later in the departments of zoology, geology and genetics. Rivlin had pulmonary fibrosis, a lung disease. She had a lung transplant in March 2019. She died of problems caused by the transplant on 4 June 2019 in Petah Tikva. Her death occurred a day before her 74th birthday. Nick Yakich Nicholas Yakich (18 January 1940 – 28 May 2019) was an Australian rugby league player. He played as a winger. He played for the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership competition, between 1960 and 1966. He also played for New South Wales in 1965. He was also selected for the Australian national squad, but never made the first team. He retired due to a knee injury. Yakich was born in Innisfail, Queensland. He died on 28 May 2019, at the age of 79. Knut Fredriksson Knut Rudolf Fredriksson (3 March 1930 – 19 May 2019), nicknamed "Favör-Fredrik", was a Swedish javelin thrower. He finished sixth at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. He also competed at the 1958 European Athletics Championships, where he finished ninth. He won the national javelin title in 1954, 1958, 1959 and 1960, and set a new national record in 1959. Fredriksson was born in Gustavsfors, Bengtsfors. He died on 19 May 2019, at the age of 89. Mike Möllensiep Mike Möllensiep (28 November 1975 – 14 May 2019) was a German footballer. He played as a striker. Möllensiep was born in Gelsenkirchen. He played between the 1990s and 2010s for many clubs, including Schalke 04, VfB Lübeck, Dynamo Dresden and KFC Uerdingen. In 2017, he was diagnosed with cancer. He died on 14 May 2019, at the age of 43. Werner Weist Werner Weist (11 March 1949 – 13 May 2019) was a German footballer. He played as a striker. Weist was born in Dortmund. He spent nine seasons in the Bundesliga with Borussia Dortmund and SV Werder Bremen during the 1960s and 1970s. He also played for Stuttgarter Kickers. He died in 2019, at the age of 70. Geoff Toseland Geoffrey Toseland (31 January 1931 – 16 May 2019) was an English professional footballer. He played as a winger. Toseland was born in Kettering. He played for Sunderland between 1948 and 1955, making six league appearances. He also played for Kettering Town. He died on 16 May 2019, at the age of 88. Valentyn Sapronov Valentyn Havrylovych Sapronov (; 23 January 1932 – 17 May 2019) was a Ukrainian football player and manager. He played as a forward. Sapronov was born in Avdiivka. He played for Shakhtar Stalino between 1952 and 1963, making 205 league appearances and scoring 27 goals. In 1956, he played a game for the Ukraine national team. He later managed Lokomotyv Donetsk in 1971–72. He died in 2019, at the age of 87. Reform UK Reform UK is a Eurosceptic political party in the United Kingdom (UK) made up of politicians who support Brexit. Created in November 2018 as the Brexit Party it changed its name to Reform UK in January 2021. It was led by Nigel Farage until March 2021 when Richard Tice became its new and current leader. It wants the UK to trade on World Trade Organization (WTO) terms and leave both the European Single Market and the European Union Customs Union. Many of its members were formerly of the UK Independence Party (UKIP), with Farage having led UKIP in 2006–09 and 2010–16, as well as from the Conservative Party. On 6 January 2021, the party was re-registered as Reform UK. Farage stepped down as leader in March 2021, being replaced by party chairman Richard Tice. Reform Party. Before the general election on 8 December 2019, the party's leader Nigel Farage said that, after Brexit, the party would change its name to the "Reform Party", and campaign for changes in the electoral system and structure of the House of Commons. In October 2020, Farage and Tice said they had went to the Electoral Commission, which handles elections, to re-name the Brexit Party to 'Reform UK', and said that the party would campaign against more lockdowns (because of the COVID-19 pandemic) and that would seek to reform parts of UK Governance, including the BBC and House of Lords. In a report, Nigel Farage said he and the party supported the Great Barrington Declaration, which tries to remove restrictions and let the lower risk people be infected and become immune and unable to infect the elderly and vulnerable or cause them to die. A poll by YouGov said that the amount of voters with a good opinion of Nigel Farage and those with a negative opinion of COVID-19 lockdowns was at about 7% of voters. The charity Reform, which has the domain name reform.uk, had complained to the Electoral Commission about the name change, saying that it could be hurting its reputation through name confusion. On 6 January, the party's name change to Reform UK was approved by the electoral commission. In January 2021, Reform UK gained representation in the Scottish Parliament when former Conservative and then independent MSP Michelle Ballantyne joined the party and was named Reform UK's leader in Holyrood by Nigel Farage. Manfred Burgsmüller Manfred "Manni" Burgsmüller (22 December 1949 – 18 May 2019) was a German footballer. He played as a striker and sometimes as a midfielder. Burgsmüller was born in Essen. He appeared in 447 Bundesliga games over the course of 17 seasons, scoring 213 goals. He played mainly for Borussia Dortmund and Werder Bremen. He also played Rot-Weiss Essen, Bayer Uerdingen, 1. FC Nürnberg and Rot-Weiß Oberhausen. He also played three games for West Germany. After retirement, he played as a kicker in American football. Burgsmüller died in Essen on 18 May 2019, at the age of 69. 2019 Darwin shooting On 4 June 2019, a mass shooting happened in the CBD of Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Police said that that four people were killed in the incident and another person was injured. A 45-year-old gunman was arrested. Witnesses say the gunman entered the Palms Hotel on McMinn Street, Darwin and used a pump-action (or sawn-off) shotgun to shoot a hotel room door. Around 20 shots were fired by the suspect. At the time of his arrest, the man, a suspected member of a motorcycle gang who had been released from prison in January, was wearing an electronic monitoring bracelet. Jason Marcano Jason Marcano (30 December 1983 – 30 May 2019) was a Trinidadian footballer. He played as a forward. Marcano was born in Arima. He played for W Connection, San Juan Jabloteh, St. Ann's Rangers and Central between 2005 and 2018. He played for Trinidad and Tobago from 2007 to 2016, making 12 appearances. On 30 May 2019, Marcano was killed in a car crash near Arouca. Jurica Jerković Jurica Jerković (25 February 1950 – 3 June 2019) was a Croatian footballer. He played as an attacking midfielder. Jerković was born in Split. He played for Hajduk Split between 1968 and 1978, winning three league titles and five Yugoslav Cups. He also played for Swiss side FC Zürich, winning a league title and Swiss League Cup in 1981. He played for the Yugoslavia between 1970 and 1982, scoring six goals. He played for the Yugoslav national team at the 1974 FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro 1976 and the 1982 FIFA World Cup. Jerković died on 3 June 2019 in Split, at the age of 69. Honours. Club. Hajduk Split FC Zürich Benidorm Benidorm (; ) is a city in the province of Alicante in eastern Spain, on the Mediterranean coast. History. It is thought there were settlements in the Benidorm area possibly as far back as 3000 BC, including evidence of Roman and Punic remains. Politics. Benidorm has favoured the right wing People's Party (PP) since the general elections of 1993. The PP gained control of the local council at the 1995 local elections and won 14 of the 25 council seats in the 1999 and 2003 elections. Josep Mussons Josep Mata Mussons (15 July 1925 – 17 April 2021) was a Spanish businessman and sports commentator. He was born in Igualada, Spain. He was a member of the board of directors of Fútbol Club Barcelona from 1978 to 2000. He was President of the Sports Sections from 1978 to 1979. He was one of the main managers of La Masia. He retired in 1995 and became Honorary President of FC Barcelona in 2000. Mussons died of COVID-19 on 17 April 2021 in Barcelona, aged 95. Ben Weese Benjamin Horace Weese (born September 20, 1929) is an American architect. He worked in Chicago. Weese was a member of the architects group, the Chicago Seven. Weese is the younger brother of Chicago architect Harry Weese. His works were urban renewal and subsidized housing projects. In the late 1970s, he was a member of the Chicago Seven, a group which criticized modernism-style architecture and the works of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. In 1977, Weese opened his own firm, Weese Seegers Hickey Weese. This turned out to be an award-winning firm, later becoming Weese Langley Weese, and was best known for non-profit and educational projects with an emphasis on historical appreciation and preservation. Javier Barreda Jara Javier Alberto Barreda Jara (13 December 1966 – 3 June 2019) was a Peruvian politician. He was a member of the Aprista Party. He served as the Minister of Labor and Promotion of Employment for four months, from January to April 2018. He was born in Lima. He was educated at Cayetano Heredia University and Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. Barreda Jara died of a heart attack on 3 June 2019 in Lima. He was 52. Sunila Karambelkar Sunila Karambelkar (b. 24 October 1978) is an Indian television and movie actress. She played fantastic roles in DD's popular shows & movies likes Surya Putra Shani, Jai Hanuman { Great epic about Lord Rudra Avatar Hanuman Ji, produced, story & directed by Sanjay Khan Sahab } Shaktimaan as Mayaandri/Natasha in 1997. She know for her role in Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan as Prithviraj Chauhan's mother, Jhansi Ki Rani as Jankibai. and Zee TV's Bandhan as Meethi Viswaasrao patil. She is working on STAR Bharat`s Popular drama Kaal Bhairav Rahasya as Shakti Devi Thakur in 2018. She is also appeared in the movie "Dal:The Gang,The Genius Of Beauty and Mumbai Matinee". She was last seen in Star Plus drama Kulfi Kumar Bajewala Vish (TV series) Vish: A Poisonous Story is an Indian television Supernatural drama. Produced by Alind Srivastava and Nissar Parvej, and starring Debina Bonnerjee, Sana Makbul, Vishal Vashishtha and Krip Suri, it premiered on Colors TV. It went off air in September 2019 due to the premiere of Bigg Boss 13. Season 2 of was gonna launch in February 2020, but it was canceled in in late October. Sandy Koufax Sanford Koufax (born Sanford Braun; December 30, 1935) is an American former baseball player. He was a left-handed pitcher. He played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers from 1955 to 1966. He was a seven-time All-Star and four-time World Series champion. In 1972, Koufax, at age 36, became the youngest player ever to be added to the Baseball Hall of Fame. Koufax was born in Brooklyn, New York to a Jewish family. He has been married three times and has no biological children. Al Kaline Albert William Kaline (December 19, 1934 – April 6, 2020), nicknamed "Mr. Tiger", was an American baseball player. He played as a right fielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) between 1953 and 1974 for the Detroit Tigers. He was an 18-time All-Star and one-time World Series champion in 1968. He also won the Rawlings Gold Glove Award ten times. He is a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame. Kaline was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He was married to Madge Louise Hamilton. The couple had two children. Kaline died on April 6, 2020 in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. He was 85. Knox Martin Knox Martin (February 12, 1923 – May 15, 2022) was a Colombian-born American painter, sculptor and muralist. He was born in Barranquilla, Colombia. He studied at the Art Students League of New York from 1946 to 1950. He is best known for his repertory of signs and symbols relating to nature and the female figure. His best known works are "Venus" (1970) and "Woman with bicycle" (1979), both in Manhattan. Martin died on May 15, 2022 at the age of 99. Saifia The Silsila-e-Saifia (; ) is a Muslim Sufi order based in Pakistan. It has a following in the United Kingdom, Europe, United States, Canada, Afghanistan, India, Bangladesh and various countries of the Middle East. The order is linked to the lineage of Naqshbandiyyah Mujaddadiyyah. The order's grandmaster is Akhundzada Saif-ur-Rahman Mubarak. Area code 785 Area code 785 is the area code for most of northern Kansas. It was created on July 20, 1997. The largest city in the area is Topeka. Other large cities include Lawrence, Manhattan, Salina, Junction City, Ottawa, Hays, and others. Areas. The area includes the entire counties of Anderson, Cheyenne, Franklin, Rawlins, Decatur, Norton, Phillips, Smith, Jewell, Republic, Washington, Nemaha, Marshall, Brown, Sherman, Thomas, Sheridan, Graham, Rooks, Osborne, Mitchell, Lincoln, Cloud, Ottawa, Clay, Riley, Pottawatomie, Jackson, Wallace, Logan, Gove, Trego, Ness, Rush, Ellis, Russell, Ellsworth, Saline, Dickinson, Geary, Wabaunsee, Shawnee, Osage, and Douglas. It also includes parts of Doniphan, Atchison, Coffey, Lyon, Jefferson, Morris and McPherson counties. Area codes 202 and 771 Area codes 202 and 771 are area codes for Washington, D.C.. Area code 202 was one of the first area codes created. It was created by AT&T in October 1947. It covers the entire Washington D.C. province. It was overlaid by 771 on November 9, 2021. Area code 316 Area code 316 is the area code for Kansas. It was one of the first area codes created in 1947. It used to cover the entire southern half of Kansas, but after being split by 620 in 2001, it now covers Wichita, Kansas and areas surrounding it. Area code 313 Area code 313 is the area code for Detroit, Michigan and most of Wayne County. It is one of the first area codes, created in October 1947. Area code 989 Area code 989 is the area code for northeastern Michigan. It is the highest number for an area code. 999 is not allowed to be an area code. It was made in 2001. Cities in area. Cities and towns in the 989 area are: David Eby David Eby (born July 21, 1977 in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada) is the Attorney General of British Columbia (BC), Canada. He was first elected to the BC legislature in 2013 as Member Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Vancouver-Point Grey. He was appointed as Attorney General by Premier John Horgan in 2017. His additional duties include: gambling policy, liquor policy, and the Insurance Corporation of BC (ICBC). He is a member of the New Democratic Party (NDP). Before entering provincial politics, Eby was the Executive Director of the BC Civil Liberties Association, an adjunct professor of law at the University of British Columbia (UBC), and the president of the HIV/AIDS Legal Network. He was also involved in the Vancouver Foundation’s Health, Social Development Committee, and in the Pivot Legal Society. Eby is a lawyer by profession. He is an advocate of human rights, especially those of the homeless and under-housed residents of Vancouver. South Bronx The South Bronx is an area in New York City, in the borough of the Bronx. It is known for its many inventions, and popularizations. In the 19th century it was Morrisania, owned by the Morris family. Late in the 19th century they sold most the land and it became an industrial suburb. The South Bronx is well known for creating Hip-Hop in 1973, even though there is many disagreements of it starting in the South Bronx. Some people say it was created in Queensbridge, Harlem, Bed–Stuy, or Long Island. The South Bronx is well known for its graffiti and break-dancing. Billy Gabor William A. Gabor (May 13, 1922 – June 4, 2019) was an American professional basketball player. He played as a point guard. Between 1948 and 1955, he played for the Syracuse Nationals of the National Basketball League and later the National Basketball Association. He was an NBA champion in 1955 and an NBA All-Star in 1953. At the time of his death in 2019, he was believed to the oldest living former NBA player. Gabor was born in Binghamton, New York. He died of pneumonia on June 4, 2019 in Jupiter, Florida. He was 97. George Darwin (footballer) George Hedworth Darwin (16 May 1932 – June 2019) was an English professional footballer. He played as an inside forward. Darwin was born in Chester-le-Street. He played for Kimblesworth Juniors, Huddersfield Town, Mansfield Town, Derby County, Rotherham United, Barrow and Boston during the 1950s and 1960s. He died in 2019, at the age of 87. Pogo (TV channel) Pogo is an Indian cable and satellite television channel created by Turner International India. It is owned by WarnerMedia under its International division as a part of the CN brand. The television channel broadcasts very popular kids animated series. like, Chhota Bheem, Mr. Bean: The Animated Series, Kalari Kids, and Mighty Raju. History. Pogo channel was officially launched on 1 January 2004 by Turner International India. Broadcasting animation and live-action shows, Pogo is Turner's only-for-India kids entertainment network. It is operated by WarnerMedia Entertainment Networks Asia Pacific. It is also the sister channel of Cartoon Network India. When it launched, the channel mostly aired shows like "Tweenies", "Beakman's World" and "Looney Tunes". Pogo broadcast mostly anime, American and other foreign shows as well as some Indian series. Then from 2019 to 2020, the channel has shifted its focus to Indian animation. Pogo TV became the third most watched kids channel across all genres with TRP in December 2020. In Thailand, Pogo was available as a two-hour block on Family Channel 13. In Pakistan, Pogo is available as a block on Cartoon Network. Alcide M. Lanoue Alcide Moodie Lanoue (November 2, 1934 – February 20, 2021) was an American orthopedic surgeon and lieutenant general in the U.S. Army. He served as the 38th Surgeon General of the United States Army from 1992 to 1996. He attended Harvard University and Yale University School of Medicine. He was born in Tonawanda, New York. Lanoue died on February 20, 2021 in Tampa, Florida at the age of 86. Ronald R. Blanck Ronald Ray Blanck (born October 8, 1941) is an American osteopathic physician and retired lieutenant general in the U.S. Army. He served as the 39th Surgeon General of the United States Army from 1996 to 2000. He was also president of the University of North Texas Health Science Center in Fort Worth, Texas from 2000 to 2006. He was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Patrick Faber Patrick Jason Faber (born 21 March 1978) is a Belizean politician. He was the Leader of the Opposition. He formerly was Minister of Education, Youth Sports and Culture. In July 2020 he was appointed the leader of the United Democratic Party, after Prime Minister Dean Barrow stated his plans to retire at the end of his term. Tornike Kvitiya Tornike Gelayevich Kvitiya (; born 17 April 1992) is a Russian football player. Club career. He made his debut in the Russian Professional Football League for FC Kolomna on 28 July 2016 in a game against SFC CRFSO Smolensk. Infanticide Infanticide (or infant homicide) is the intentional killing of infants. Parental infanticide researchers have found that mothers are far more likely than fathers to be the perpetrators of neonaticide and slightly more likely to commit infanticide in general. Basically, in earlier ages, women and girls were not considered equal to men. People started killing their daughters when they were born. In the Indian subcontinent pre-natal sex is banned as some people kill their daughters or get an abortion done because of the want of male children. Mark A. Hershkovitz Mark A. Hershkovitz is an American curator and biochemist. This author is usually abbreviated «Hershk.» when citing a botanical name. Taxa by M A Hershkovitz. Calandrinia jompomae Cistanthe amaranthoides (Phil.)Carolin ex Hershk. C arenaria (Cham.) Carolin ex Hershk. C calycina Carolin ex Hershk. C.celosioides (Phil.)Carolin ex Hershk. C.cephalophora (I.M.Johnston)Carolin ex Hershk. C.coquimbensis (Barneoud)Carolin ex Hershk. C.cymosa(Phil.) Hershk. C densiflora (Barnéoud)Hershk. C.monandra Works. Hershkovitz, M.A. & Zimmer, E.A. 2000. Ribosomal DNA evidence and disjunctions of western American Portulacaceae Mol. Phylogenetics and Evolution 15(3): 419–439. Hershkovitz M.A., Arroyo M.T.K, Bell C., and Hinojosa L.F 2006 Phylogeny of Chaetanthera (Asteraceae: Mutisieae) reveals both ancient and recent origins of the high elevation lineages Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 41: 594-605. Tiananmen Square protests (disambiguation) The 1989 Tiananmen Square protests were student-led demonstrations in Beijing in mid-1989. Tiananmen Square protests may also refer to: Hays, Kansas Hays is a city in the state of Kansas. It is the county seat of Ellis County. In 2010, 20,510 people lived there. It is also a "college town", and it has Fort Hays State University. It is the biggest city in northwestern Kansas. Elio Sgreccia Elio Sgreccia (6 June 1928 – 5 June 2019) was an Italian bioethicist and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born in Arcevia. He became a priest in 1952, and was created cardinal by Pope Benedict XVI in 2010. Sgreccia was president of the Pontifical Academy for Life from 2005 to 2008. He was also director of the international medical ethics journal "Medicina e Morale", president of the Ut Vitam Habeant Foundation and the Donum Vitae Association of the Diocese of Rome, and honorary president of the International Federation of Bioethics Centers and Institutes of Personalist Inspiration (FIBIP). Sgreccia died on 5 June 2019, a day before his 91st birthday. Ellis County, Kansas Ellis County (county code EL) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In the 2010 census, 28,452 people lived there. The county seat and biggest city is Hays. History. Ellis County was created on February 26, 1867. Geography. The U.S. Census Bureau says that the county has a total area of . Of that is land and (0.05%) is water. People. The Hays Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Ellis County. Communities. Townships. Ellis County is divided into nine townships. The cities of Ellis and Hays are considered "governmentally independent" and are excluded from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size. Lawrie Leslie Lawrence Grant Leslie (17 March 1935 – 4 June 2019) was a Scottish professional footballer. He played as a goalkeeper. Leslie was born in Edinburgh. He played for Newtongrange Star in his youth. As a professional, he played for Scottish First Division sides Hibernian and Airdrieonians before playing in the Football League. In England, he played for West Ham United and Stoke City in the First Division, Millwall in the Second Division, and Southend United in the Fourth Division. He retired following the 1968–69 season. He also played for Scotland fives times in the early 1960s. Leslie died on 4 June 2019, at the age of 84. Daniel Mora Daniel Emiliano Mora Zevallos (born 18 February 1945 in Callao) is a Peruvian military officer and politician. He is a former Minister of Defence of Peru and former congressman. Education and career. From 1963 to 1967, Daniel Mora attended the Chorrillos Military School, specialising in engineering. He took post-gradual courses at the École d'application du génie (French school of military engineering) in Angers, from 1972 to 1973. Additionally, he studied education administration at the University of Lima in 1985/86, and international humanitarian law in armed conflicts at the International Institute of Humanitarian Law in San Remo, Italy, in 1998. From 1976 to 1980, Daniel Mora was a professor at the Political Academy of Chile. At the end of the Cenepa Warbetween Peru and Ecuador in 1995, Mora was the Peruvian negotiator for the treaty of Itamaraty. Political career. Early political career. Daniel Mora was a founding member of the Possible Peru party of former president Alejandro Toledo in 2000. In the 2000 general elections, he unsuccessfully ran for Congress for the We Are Peru party of then Lima Mayor Alberto Andrade. Since his adhesion, he has held different executive positions in the party organisation. In Toledo's administration, Mora was secretary-general in the Ministry of Transport and Communication from 2002 to 2003, head of the advisory staff of the same ministry, and chairman of the National Intelligence Council (CNI), from 2003 to 2004. From 2005 to 2006 he was a presidential counsellor in the Peruvian Government Palace, assigned to decentralization. In the 2006 general elections, Mora ran for a seat in Congress, representing the Constitutional Province of Callao under the Possible Peru party, but he was not elected. Congressman. In the 2011 general election, Daniel Mora was elected to the Congress on the Possible Peru Alliance list to represent the Constitutional Province of Callao. On 28 July 2011, newly elected president Ollanta Humala appointed him as Minister of Defense, due to a coalition agreement between Possible Peru and Humala's Peru Wins movement. He resigned when the cabinet was reshuffled on 11 December 2011. During his congressional term, he distanced himself from Possible Peru. Carolyn Wilkins Carolyn A. Wilkins is Senior Deputy Governor at the Bank Of Canada (BOC). She was appointed in 2014 for seven years. Wilkins was born in Peterborough, Ontario. She graduated from Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Ontario, with an Honours BA in Economics. She graduated from the University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario, with an MA in economics. She joined the BOC in 2001. Before that she worked at the Department of Finance Canada and the Privy Council Office. In 2016 and 2018 she was listed in Canada’s Most Powerful Women. Carrot and Stick The Carrot and Stick refers methods of disciplining children, pets, and other individuals. If you choose the stick (negative feedback) you punish for bad behavior. If you choose the carrot (positive feedback) you reward for good behavior. Servant of the People (TV series) Servant of the People (, , is a Ukrainian comedy television show that started on 16 October 2015. Vasyl Petrovych Holoborodko, who is a high school history teacher, is the main character. The story begins when he unexpectedly becomes the President of Ukraine after he is filmed being angry about in a viral video. Ironically, the show joking about political became politically involved in Ukraine. On 31 March 2018, a political party was created and recorded to the Ministry of Justice. The actor who played the fictional President of Ukraine was actually elected President of Ukraine on 21 April 2019. Production. Kvartal 95 Studio is the producer of "Servant of the People" is produced by Kvartal 95. Actor Volodymyr Zelensky, who plays the main character in the show, is one of the studio's founders. Release. "Servant of the People" was shown on the 1+1 channel in Ukraine. Later, Kvartal 95 Studio also uploaded every episode to YouTube. The show is also available on Netflix in a few countries. Film and other seasons. In 2016, a feature film named "" was shown. There was later a second television season released in 2017, and the third season was shown in 2019. Kansas House of Representatives The Kansas House of Representatives is the lower house of the Kansas State Legislature. The other being the Kansas Senate. It has 125 members. 84 of them are Republicans, and 41 of them are Democrats. They meet at Topeka, Kansas, the capitol of the state. Kansas Senate The Kansas Senate is the upper house of the Kansas Legislature. The other is the Kansas House of Representatives. It has 40 members. 28 of them are Republicans. 11 of them are Democrats. One is an Independent. Compaq Compaq was a computer company headquartered in Houston, Texas, provided some of the first IBM PC compatible computers. It was later bought by Hewlett-Packard. It was founded in 1982 and dissolved in 2002. Thomas J. Watson Thomas John Watson Sr. (February 17, 1874 – June 19, 1956) was an American businessman. He was the first chairman and CEO of IBM from 1914 to 1956. He has been known to be called one of the greatest salesmen when he died and turned IBM into a successful company at the time. Ben Bocquelet Ben Bocquelet (born June 27, 1980) is a director and animator. He is best known for as the creator of The Amazing World of Gumball and co-writes the show. He won the International Emmy Kids Award for Animation award, He will also start working on creating the upcoming Nick Jr./Netflix cartoon "Playtime All-Stars!". Doudelainville Doudelainville is a commune. It is in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Beauval, Somme Beauval is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. In 2016, 2,126 people lived there. Becquigny, Somme Becquigny is a commune. It is in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. The D763 road goes through Becquigny. The population of Becquigny was 131 in 2017. Berneuil, Somme Berneuil is a commune. It is in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. Famechon, Somme Famechon is a commune. It is in the Somme department in northern France. Andrew Sinclair Andrew Annandale Sinclair (21 January 1935 – 30 May 2019) was a British novelist, historian, screenwriter and movie director. He was born in Oxford. He was a founding member of Churchill College, Cambridge. He published many fiction and non-fiction books, including biographies on Che Guevara, Dylan Thomas, Jack London, John Ford, J. P. Morgan and Francis Bacon. He directed and wrote the screenplay of the movies "The Breaking of Bumbo" (1970), "Under Milk Wood" (1972) and "Blue Blood" (1973). Sinclair died on 30 May 2019, at the age of 84. Keith Birdsong Keith Birdsong (July 14, 1959 – June 4, 2019) was a Muscogee Creek-Cherokee illustrator. He was born in Muskogee, Oklahoma. Birdsong was best known for illustrating covers of "Star Trek" novels. Birdsong was killed in a car crash on June 4, 2019 at the age of 59. Peter Toogood Peter Alfred Toogood, (11 April 1930 – 5 June 2019) was an Australian amateur golfer. He won the Australian Amateur in 1954 and the Tasmanian Open eight times. He was the leading amateur in the 1954 Open Championship and was part of the team that won the inaugural Eisenhower Trophy in 1958. He was born in North Adelaide, South Australia. Toogood died on 5 June 2019 in Tasmania at the age of 89. Bob Pettit Robert E. Lee Pettit Jr. (born December 12, 1932) is an American former professional basketball player. He played as a power forward. He played 11 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Milwaukee/St. Louis Hawks between 1954 and 1965. He was an NBA champion in 1958 and an 11-time NBA All-Star. He was awarded the first NBA Most Valuable Player Award in 1956, winning it again in 1959. In 1970, Pettit was added to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Pettit was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He was married to his wife Carole until her death in 2010. The couple had three children. Bob Cousy Robert Joseph Cousy (born August 9, 1928) is an American former professional basketball player. He played as a point guard. He played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Boston Celtics between 1950 and 1963. He also played for the Cincinnati Royals in the 1969–70 season. He was a six-time NBA champion and a 13-time NBA All-Star. He was also awarded the NBA Most Valuable Player Award in 1957. In 1971, Cousy was added to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Cousy was born in Manhattan, New York. He was married to his wife Missie Ritterbusch until her death in 2013. The couple had two daughters. Robert A. Whitney Robert Arthur Whitney Jr. (born July 27, 1935) is an American veterinarian and public health administrator. He served as acting Surgeon General of the United States from July to September 1993. He spent his career as a United States Public Health Service officer. Whitney was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. He is a graduate of Oklahoma State University and Ohio State University. Audrey F. Manley Audrey Forbes Manley (born March 25, 1934) is an American pediatrician and public health administrator. She served as acting Surgeon General of the United States from January 1995 to July 1997. She was also the eighth president of Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia from 1997 to 2002. Manley was born in Jackson, Mississippi. Mark Camacho Mark Camacho (born April 8, 1956) is a British actor, director, and writer. Redwood National and State Parks The Redwood National and State Parks (RNSP) are a group of state and national parks in the United States. They are on the coast of northern California. These parks include Redwood National Park, Del Norte Coast Redwoods State Park, Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, and Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park. Together, the parks contain , The parks have old-growth temperate rainforests. The four parks include 45% of all remaining coast redwood forests. These total at least . These trees are the tallest and one of the biggest trees on Earth. In addition to the redwood forests, the parks protect much nature within the area. In 1850, old-growth redwood forest covered more than of the California coast. The northern part of that area was noticed by lumbermen and others when a gold rush brought them to the region. As they did not become rich from gold, these men decided to log the gigantic trees. The timber went to San Francisco and other places on the West Coast. After many decades of logging, efforts were started in conservation. In the 1920s the Save the Redwoods League worked to save old-growth redwoods. Due to their efforts, a number of State Parks were formed. Then in 1968, Redwood National Park was created. By that time nearly 90% of the original redwood trees had been logged. The National Park Service (NPS) and the California Department of Parks and Recreation (CDPR) combined the management of Redwood National Park with the three Redwood State Parks in 1994. The ecosystem of the RNSP preserves a number of threatened animal species. These include the tidewater goby, Chinook salmon, northern spotted owl, and Steller's sea lion. The United Nations made the parks a World Heritage Site on 5 September 1980. Other parts of the area were added on 30 June 1983. Egyptian Military Academy The Egyptian Military Academy () is the oldest and most prominent military academy in Egypt and Africa. Traditionally, graduates of the Military Academy are commissioned as officers in the Egyptian Army. However, they may serve in other branches and commands of the Egyptian military establishment. Pamela Rendi-Wagner Pamela Rendi-Wagner (born 7 May 1971) is an Austrian physician and politician. She is the chairwoman of the Social Democratic Party (SPÖ) since November 2018. She is the first woman to lead the SPÖ. From March 2017 to December 2017 Rendi-Wagner was Minister of Health and Women. Since November 2017 she is a member of the National Council and since October 2018 she also is the parliamentary leader of her party there. Fiddler on the Roof "Fiddler on the Roof" is a musical, with music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick and book by Joseph Stein. It is set in Imperial Russia, 1905. The story revolves around a poor Jewish milkman, Tevye, and his five daughters, as he attempts to maintain his Jewish traditions. His three eldest daughters marry, but each daughter’s choice of husband moves further and further away from their traditions. The original Broadway production of the show opened in 1964 and is currently the seventeenth longest running show in Broadway history. It has also been made into a film in 1971, starring Topol. A Yiddish language musical was made in 2019. Imposter syndrome Imposter syndrome is a bias in thinking in which the individual believes all of their accomplishments to be the result of coincidence and luck instead of actual skill. This is often combined with the fear of being revealed as a "fraud" or "imposter" who does not deserve the things they have obtained in life. Characteristics. People experiencing the imposter syndrome feel they do not belong in their environment, because they think others know more and can do things better. This often happens in relation to studying or work, but can also apply to personal relationships with other people. In the case of relationships with other people, those with imposter syndrome worry that they are not good at what they do as well. They believe they are not a good partner, colleague or friend and that they have tricked others into liking them. Imposter syndrome is also feeling colleagues and authorities value you more than they should. Praise (when someone says you did well) often results in being shocked and not believing in what is said about you. Another trait is thinking your achievements and success are effects of luck, mistakes or bias. That is why these do not convince people that they are intelligent and still cause them to believe they do not deserve to be where they are. These people often refer to themselves as ‘impostors’. Impostors worry that someone else will discover their true nature. This would have negative effects, like losing a job or others’ trust. To avoid this, they try to prevent anyone from finding out. Connections. Those with impostor syndrome have a high chance of also being perfectionists. This means they wish to do everything without errors. They also very often procrastinate (put off things to do for later), because when they do, whether they succeed or fail, they can think it was because of good or bad luck. The clinical symptoms associated with imposter syndrome include anxiety, fear of failure, depression, decreased mental health, lower self-esteem, feelings of guilt and humiliation and frustration. The imposter syndrome has also been found to be linked to some traits from the Big Five personality traits. Negativity, depression and anxiety are common in both neuroticism (one of the Big Five character traits) and imposter phenomenon. The two are then highly linked together. People with imposter syndrome have low conscientiousness (another Big Five character trait) because of low self self-esteem and low feeling of competence (being able to do things successfully). Factors. Some people are more likely to experience imposter syndrome. These include: Gender differences. Some researchers say women experience feeling like an impostor more often than men, but others say they experience it equally frequently. The ones that agree have found that women on average believe they are able to successfully do tasks less than men. When they do succeed they think it is because of external (not relating to them directly) causes, like luck. When they fail, women think it is because they do not have the necessary abilities. With men, it is the opposite case. When they succeed, they think it is because of internal (directly related to them) causes like being smart and their abilities. However, when they fail they blame it on bad luck or the task being too hard. Other researchers have found that men are less likely than women to accept and deal with imposter syndrome. They feel the need to have a typical ‘man’s job’, like a mechanic or engineer, and not the ones assumed to be more of a ‘woman’s job’, like a nurse or teacher. Having an imposter syndrome, they avoid feeling different and without talent or abilities in the more woman-typical job. They would rather pick a job where they will not differ as much. Management. Many things have been suggested to be done to reduce the feelings of being an imposter. Johnny Robinson (footballer) John Robinson (18 April 1936 – June 2019) was an English professional footballer. He played as a winger. Robinson was born in Chorley. He first played for Leyland Motors before signing for Bury in 1954. In a total of 127 appearances for Bury, he scored 21 goals. He signed for Oldham Athletic in 1961, playing three league games for the club. He died in early June 2019, at the age of 83. Jan Karwecki Jan Karwecki (2 January 1949 – 5 June 2019) was a Polish footballer. He played as a goalkeeper. Karwecki was born in Glinno. He played between the late 1960s and early 1980s for clubs Górnik Wałbrzych, Lech Poznań, Szombierki Bytom, Wisła Kraków and Cracovia. He also made five appearances for Poland between 1974 and 1975. Karwecki died in Kraków on 5 June 2019, at the age of 70. What's Up? (4 Non Blondes song) "What's Up?" is a song by American pop rock band 4 Non Blondes. It was released on June 11, 1993, from their album, "Bigger, Better, Faster, More!" The song was written by the group's lead singer Linda Perry and produced by David Tickle. The song is often accidentally titled "What's Going On?" because of the lyrics in its chorus. It reached the top three across Europe and the top 20 in the US. It has become covered by various artists including Lady Gaga. DJ Miko remixed the song with new vocals as a single in August 1994. His version reached number six in the UK. What's up What's up or variants may refer to: Gualterio Looser Gualterio Looser was a Chilean botanist. Taxa described by Looser. Cryptocarya alba Looser Dennstaedtia glauca Looser Laureliopsis philippiana (Looser)Schodde (Basyonym Laurelia) Ochagavia carnea (Beer) LB Sm. et Looser Polystichum chilense var.dusenii Looser ex R A Rodr. Puya coerulea Lindl. var.intermedia LB Sm. et Looser Sticherus squamulosus (Desv.)Nakai var.gunckelianus (Looser)R A Rodr et Ponce (Basyonym Dicranopteris) Karl Friedrich Reiche Carlos Reiche (aka Karl F. Reiche) was a German Botanist. He took his doctorate at the University of Leipzig, and was a professor at the University of Dresden. He worked at the National Museum of Chile, being director of Department of Botany. He held a profesorship in Mexico, then lived in Monaco, went back briefly to Mexico, and returned to Germany Works. Geografía botánica de Chile Rafael Sagredo Baeza. –1ª ed..– Santiago de Chile: Cámara chilena de la construcción: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile: Dirección de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Museos, C2013. Translated by Gualterio Looser. Rathlin Island Rathlin Island, off the coast of County Antrim, Northern Ireland, is a popular location for tourists to go. Many people looking to get away from life on the mainland and find peace and quiet in this idyllic island would simply, take the ferry across from Ballycastle. There are many ways of exploring the island including walking, cycling and using inflatable boats. The island offers many beautiful picturesque views and scenery with lighthouses and waves crashing around the edge of the coast. This island is home to many varieties of animals. Travelling to this scenic island is way of tourists being able to watch wildlife in their natural habitat. It’s also home to one of the most extensive ranges of sea life and birds with birds, dolphins and seals visiting the island quite often. Causes of World War I The First World War lasted from 1914 to 1918. It was caused by the buildup of tension between countries. The three long-term causes were the formation of empires, the accumulation of armies and weapons, and alliances. The trigger cause was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. One of the causes of World War I was that countries wanted to form empires. This is called "imperialism". From the late 1800s, the power of an empire was judged by its size. Britain had the largest empire, with lots of territories overseas, such as India. People would say "The sun never sets on the British Empire" because there were British holdings all over the world, so it was always day in some part of the empire. One way in which empires expanded their empire was during the Morocco Crisis, where the European superpowers colonised African nations obtained raw materials in order to fuel their economic growth. Furthermore, France was entitled to being the policeman over Morocco, but this escalated tensions with Germany to the extent that they sent the warship Panther. In order to conquer far-away places on different continents, imperial powers built large armies and navies and the cultures valued fighting. This is called "militarism". Countries spent large amounts of money in a short amount of time to build these armies. In the early 1900s, Britain's navy was the biggest. This made their traditional rival, Germany want to make a big navy too. When Britain launched a new kind of ship called the Dreadnought, Germany launched their own version of the Dreadnought to compete with Britain. The third long-term cause was "alliances". The bigger countries of Europe formed two sides. They were called the "Triple Entente" and the "Triple Alliance." The Triple Entente included France, Great Britain, and Russia. The Triple Alliance was Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. Great Britain, France, and Russia were worried about the growing strength of Germany, so they promised to help each other if any one of them was attacked. Germany objected to this arrangement because, with France and Great Britain on the west and Russia on the east, Germany would be surrounded. So Germany formed an alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy. The trigger cause of World War I was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, who was next in line to be emperor of Austro-Hungary. He was killed in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. He and his wife, Countess Sophie, both died. They were making a state visit to the capital of Bosnia. A Serbian secret society, the Black Hand, wanted Bosnia to break free from the Austro-Hungarian Empire and be a country by itself. They were supported by Russia. The Archduke and his wife arrived at 9:30 a.m. and got into an open-topped car at the train station. Members of the Black Hand had learned the route they would take to their destination. When the time came, one of them threw a hand grenade at the Archduke's car. It bounced off the back of the car, which drove on. It injured the driver and passengers in the car behind the Archduke instead. When the Archduke realized he was a target he immediately abandoned his planned trip and went to visit a hospital instead. However, the driver took a wrong turn up Franz Joseph Street and had to reverse. By chance, he slowed down in front of Gavrilo Princip, leader of the Black Hand. Seeing that this was his only chance to carry out his plan, he pulled his gun and fired, killing the Archduke, Sophie, who had been pregnant at the time. Gavrilo Princip was arrested and beaten up for this rebellious act. on the street in June 28, 1914. Austria-Hungary was outraged that the heir to their throne had been killed. They blamed Serbia and bombed the capital, Belgrade. The Serbians tried to surrender, but Austria-Hungary bombed them anyway. Serbia's ally, Russia, then helped to defend it from attack. Soon after, Germany, Austria-Hungary's ally, declared war on Russia as well as starting to move towards French territory, ready to invade, attacking Belgium as they progressed. The French soldiers started to get ready for a German invasion. When Germany declared war on France, then under the terms of the Triple Entente, Britain then ordered Germany to stop attacking Belgium, who was neutral during the war. When the Germans didn't retreat from Belgium, Britain declared war on Germany. Finally, Austria-Hungary declared war on Russia and WWI commenced. On Franz Joseph street there is a placard with what happened. Ocyroe Ocyroe is a genus created by Philippi, and related to Chiliotrichum group Taxa. "O armata" (Wedd.)Bonifacino (syn.Nardophyllum armatum Reiche) Whistle Down the Wind (1996 musical) Whistle Down the Wind is a 1996 Andrew Lloyd Webber musical with Jim Steinman who wrote the lyrics. Whistle Down the Wind was first a book, published in 1959, written by Mary Hayley Bell, then became British film, made in 1961 and set in Lancashire. However, the musical is set in the deeply religious state of Louisiana. "Swallow", a fifteen-year-old girl who has recently lost her mother, discovers a strange man hiding in her barn. When she first asks him who he is, his first words are “Jesus Christ!”, before falling back unconscious. Certain that this man (who is in fact an escaped murderer, who the police are searching for) is Jesus, Swallow, her siblings and the other children of the town vow to protect him. Robin Herd Robin Herd (23 March 1939 – 4 June 2019) was a British engineer, designer and businessman. He was born in Newton-le-Willows, Lancashire. He studied at St Peter's College, Oxford. He is best known as a co-founder of March Engineering, a Formula One (F1) constructor. Before March Engineering, Herd notably worked for McLaren and Cosworth. March Engineering completed 207 F1 Grand Prix races between 1970 and 1992, winning three with four pole positions. The team was successful in Formula Two and IndyCar races, with March cars winning the Indianapolis 500 for five years in a row from 1983 to 1987. Herd sold March Racing in 1989 and created Robin Herd Ltd., a design office in Bicester. He quit racing in 1995 and bought Oxford United Football Club. He served as the club's chairman until 1998. Herd died on 4 June 2019, at the age of 80. Coins and postage stamps of Sealand The Principality of Sealand, a micronation founded on a former World War II fort in the North Sea, has issued a number of coins and stamps for collectors. Coins. Rebel government coin. A rebel government, referring to itself as the "Sealand government in exile", seeking to occupy Sealand, issued a single commemorative coin in 1992. City commission government City commission government is a kind of government in the United States. Many cities use it. People vote for a commission. The commission is a group of people. They are responsible for taxes, funding, and other general things. Some commissioners are responsible for specific things, such as finance. History. The first city to use this kind of government is Galveston, Texas. It was done shortly after the 1900 Galveston Hurricane. It quickly spread to many other cities in Texas. Des Moines, Iowa was the first city outside of Texas to use this government. The biggest city that uses this government is Portland, Oregon. A measure to change to the council-manager form of government was defeated 76%-24% on the May 2007 ballot. Lunenburg, Nova Scotia Lunenburg is a port town on the South Shore of Nova Scotia, Canada. Lockeport Lockeport is a town and port in Shelburne County, Nova Scotia, Canada. Kentville Kentville is a town in Kings County, Nova Scotia. Baddeck Baddeck (; Scottish Gaelic: "Badaig"; 2011 population: 769) is a village in Victoria County, Nova Scotia, Canada. Froma Harrop Froma Harrop (born March 18, 1950) is an American writer and author. She is generally liberal, though is known for an unconventional and libertarian style. The Heartland Institute, a libertarian public policy think tank, has called Harrop their "favorite lefty". Harrop is best-known for her bi-weekly syndicated column. It appears in over 200 news outlets. They include the "Denver Post", "The Providence Journal", "Omaha World-Herald" and the "Detroit News". Harrop was born in New York City. She was raised in nearby Long Island. List of people from Lawrence, Kansas For people who were born/raised in Lawrence, Kansas, and for people who lived in Lawrence for a long time. Battle royale game A battle royale game is an online multiplayer video game genre that combines the survival, exploration, and scavenging (collecting useful items) in a game where only one can remain, also known as a last-man-standing game. Battle royale games usually have a large number of players, ranging from tens to hundreds, that start with almost nothing who then try to defeat all other enemies/players while trying to stay inside of a play zone or "safe area" that gets smaller over time. The winner is the last player or team alive. The name for the genre is taken from the 2000 Japanese movie "Battle Royale", which has a similar theme of a last-man-standing competition in a shrinking play zone. The genre's origins arose from mods for large-scale online survival games like "Minecraft" and "ARMA 2" in the early 2010s. By the end of the decade, the genre became a cultural phenomenon, with standalone games such as "PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds", "Fortnite Battle Royale" and "Apex Legends" each having received tens of millions of players within months of their release. Concept. Battle royale games are played between a lot of single players, pairs of two players or a number of small teams (usually 3-5 players). In each match, the goal is to be the last player or team standing by defeating all other enemies. A match starts by placing the player-characters into a large map space, typically by having all players skydive from a large aircraft within a short time limit. The map may have the players randomly placed or allow players to have some control over where they start. All players start with very little equipment, giving no player an obvious advantage at the start. Equipment, usually used for fighting, survival or transport, is randomly placed around the map, often at landmarks on the map, such as within buildings in ghost towns. Players need to search the map for these items while trying to avoid being killed by other players, who cannot be visually marked or revealed either on-screen or on the map, making the player use only their own eyes and ears to find their positions. Equipment from defeated players can usually be taken as well. These games often include some mechanic to push enemies closer together as the game progresses, usually taking the form of a safe zone that slowly gets smaller, with players outside of the zone eventually being killed. Normally, battle royale players are only given one life to play; any players who die are not allowed to respawn. Games with team support may allow players to enter a temporary, near-death state once health is depleted, giving allies the opportunity to revive them before they give out or are finished off by an enemy. The match is over when only one player or team is left, and the game usually provides some type of reward, such as in-game currency used for cosmetic items, to all players based on how long they survived. The random nature of starting point, item placement, and safe area reduction lets the battle royale genre to challenge players to think and react quickly and improve strategies throughout the match as to be the last man/team standing. In addition to standalone games, the battle royale concept may also be used as part of one of many game modes within a larger game, or may be used as a user-created mod created for another game. There are many changes that can be placed on top of the fundamentals of battle royale. For example, "Fortnite" introduced a temporary mode in an event which is 50-versus-50 player mode in its "Fortnite Battle Royale" free-to-play game; players are assigned one of the two teams, and work with their teammates to get resources and weapons towards making a safe building as the safe area of the game shrinks down, with the goal to defeat all the players on the other team. History. Mainstream popularity (2018–present). With the success of "Battlegrounds" and "Fortnite", the battle royale genre expanded greatly. Major publishers, including Electronic Arts Activision, and Ubisoft have noticed the impact of the growing genre and impact on their future plans. Activision's "Call of Duty" series features a battle royale mode titled "Blackout" in its 2018 game, ', while EA's "Battlefield V" also includes a battle royale mode. Some other established games added battle royale-inspired gamemodes in updates, such as "Grand Theft Auto Online", "Paladins", "Dota 2", "Battlerite", and '. In February 2019, EA released a free-to-play battle royale game called "Apex Legends", which exceeded 50 million player accounts within a month of its release. The battle royale approach has also been used in games from genres not normally associated with shooter games. "Tetris 99" is a 2019 game released by Nintendo for the Nintendo Switch that has 99 players in a game of "Tetris" at the same time. Players can "attacks" on other players for each line they complete, attempting to become the last player standing. While there have been several battle royale games, the genre has seen a number of games have bursts of popularity before their player count drops. In contrast to other multiplayer-only games, the large number of players typically involved in battle royale games generally require a large enough concurrent player base for matchmaking in a reasonable amount of time. "The Culling", by Xaviant Studios, was released in early access in 2016, and was designed to be a streaming-friendly battle royale mode for 16 players. However, following the release of "Battlegrounds", "The Culling" lost much of its player base, and a few months after releasing the full version of the game, Xaviant announced they were ending further development on it to move onto other projects. "Radical Heights" by Boss Key Productions was launched in April 2018 but within two weeks had lost 80% of its player base. "SOS", a battle royale game released by Outpost Games in December 2017, had its player counts drop into the double-digits by May 2018, leading Outpost to announced the game's closure by November 2018. The Chinese government, through its Audio and Video and Numeral Publishing Association, stated in October 2017 that it will discourage its citizens from playing battle royale games as they them too violent, which "deviates from the of socialism and is deemed to young ", as translated by "Bloomberg". Gaming journals in the west thus that this would make it hard or impossible to publish battle royale within the country. In November 2017, PUBG Corporation announced its partnership with Tencent to make the game available in China, making some changes in the game to "make sure they with socialist core values, Chinese traditional culture and moral rules" to satisfy Chinese regulations and censors. However, during mid-2018, the Chinese government changed how it reviewed and classified games that are to be published in China, and by December 2018, after the formation of the new Online Ethics Review Committee, several battle royale titles, including "Fortnite" and "PUBG", were listed as illegal or must be withdrawn from play. Despite the concern that PUBG Corporation and Tencent were taking with Chinese release, a large number of clones of "Battlegrounds" have come out in China already, and created a new genre there called "chicken-eating game", named based on the winning line to the last player standing in "Battlegrounds", "Winner winner chicken dinner!" Impact. The fast growth and success of the battle royale genre has been attributed to many , including the way all players start weak and removing any obvious advantage for players, and being well-suited for being a spectator eSport. Other factors including specific games' business models, such as "Fortnite Battle Royale" being free and available across computers, consoles, and mobile devices. A University of Utah professor also considers that battle royale games realize elements of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, a scheme to describe human motivation, more-so than video games have in the past. While the lowest tiers of Maslow's hierarchy, physiological and safety, are met by the survival elements of battle royales, the love/belonging and esteem tiers are a result of the battle royale being necessarily a social and competitive game, and the final tier of self-actualization comes from becoming skilled in the game to win more. "Business Insider" said that battle royale games will bring in over during 2018, and would grow to in 2019. SuperData Research reported that, in 2018, the three top-grossing battle royale games ("Fortnite", "PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds" and "Call of Duty: Black Ops 4") generated nearly in combined digital revenue. Sensor Tower reported that 2018's top three most-downloaded mobile battle royale games ("PUBG Mobile", "Garena Free Fire" and "Fortnite") received over 500million downloads combined that year. The most-played battle royale games include "PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds" with over 400million players, NetEase's mobile game "Knives Out" with over 250million players, "Fortnite Battle Royale" with nearly 250million players, "Rules of Survival" with 230million players, and "Garena Free Fire" with over 180million players. Turtle Beach Corporation, a manufacturer of headphones and microphones for gaming, reported an increase of over 200% in total revenues for the second season of 2018 over the same season in 2017, which they attributed to the popularity of the battle royale genre. List of African-American basketball players This is an alphabetical List of African-American basketball players. It Takes Two It Takes Two is a 1995 American film starring Kirstie Alley, Steve Guttenberg, Jeremy London and Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. Its title is taken from the song of the same name, by Marvin Gaye and Kim Weston, which is played in the closing credits. Plot. Two unrelated young girls who happen to look identical meet by chance. Amanda Lemmon is an orphan, and she is about to be adopted by the Butkises, a family known to "collect" kids. She actually wants her child-loving social worker, Diane Barrows, to adopt her instead. Diane would like to do so, but authorities will not let her because of her low salary and unmarried status. Alyssa Callaway is coming home from her school piano recital competition, only to find that her wealthy father, Roger, is about to marry Clarice Kensington, an overbearing self-centered gold-digger socialite who plans to send both Alyssa and Thomas off to boarding school in Tibet after marrying Roger. The identical strangers long for the other's life and decide to switch places, Alyssa and Amanda tell Thomas not to tell anyone about the two switching places and he agrees. While Amanda enjoys Alyssa's wealthy lifestyle and Alyssa gets to experience being a kid at summer camp, the two get to know the other's parental figure and discover that Roger and Diane would be perfect for each other. Desperate to set them up, the girls arrange many "chance" meetings between Diane and Roger, hoping that they fall in love. Upon having spied Roger and Diane laughing and swimming together in a lake one afternoon, Clarice manipulates Roger into moving the wedding up from the next month to the next day. Soon after, Alyssa, while posing as Amanda, ends up being adopted by the Butkises without Diane's knowledge, and is taken away by child services. Alyssa discovers the only reason the Butkises had adopted so many kids was to put them to work in their salvage yard. Roughly two hours before the wedding, Amanda, who poses as Alyssa, proves to the family butler, Vincenzo, that she is not Alyssa. He contacts Diane and summons to have the real Alyssa picked up from the Butkises' salvage yard. In the meantime, Vincenzo, Thomas and Amanda work to stall the wedding. Just as Roger is about to say "I do," Diane bursts into the church with the real Alyssa behind her, and Roger falters at the sight of Diane, recalling all the good times they had together. In that moment, he realises he has fallen in love with Diane and confesses this to Clarice. Furious, she slaps him and tries to do the same to "Alyssa," blaming her for sabotaging their relationship, but is stopped by Vincenzo and Thomas. As Clarice storms down the aisle, the real Alyssa steps out from behind Diane, and Clarice claims it's a "conspiracy" that there's "two of them." She tries to take this new opportunity to slap Alyssa, but Diane steps forward in time, barking at her to "Back off, Barbie," and calmly informs her that she has something in her teeth. Humiliated, Clarice moves to storm out of the church again, but Alyssa embarrasses her even further by stepping on her wedding gown, causing the skirt to rip off. An incredulous Roger learns that Alyssa has been with Diane all this time and it becomes apparent to them that Thomas, Amanda and Alyssa had orchestrated their meet-ups all along, about which the girls are extremely smug. After some encouragement from the girls and Thomas, Roger and Diane kiss, and the five of them board a horse-drawn carriage, driven by Vincenzo, to take a ride through Central Park. Pascal Siakam Pascal Siakam is a professional basketball player from Cameroon. He plays forward for the Toronto Raptors. Siakam grew up in Douala, Cameroon. He did not start playing baskeball until he was sixteen. He started after attending an annual basketball camp that his friends went to and got noticed by some of the organizers. He then received an invitation to attend a Basketball Without Borders camp in South Africa. One thing lead to the other and he ended up in God’s Academy, a prep school in Lewiston, Texas. He could not speak English and went through a Culture Shock, trying to get used to American customs and fast food. It was also tough for him physically. As he grew taller and developed some basketball skills he started standing out because of his inner drive. He would not let an opportunity to go by, chasing difficult balls and impossible rebounds. He was always working harder at it than the others. Narciso Ibáñez Serrador Narciso Ibáñez Serrador (4 July 1935 – 7 June 2019) was a Uruguayan-born Spanish director, actor and screenwriter. He directed movies, television and theatre productions. He directed the movies "The House That Screamed" (1969) and "Who Can Kill a Child?" (1976). He also created the horror series "Historias para no dormir" (1966–1982) and the game show "Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez" (1972–2004). Ibáñez Serrador was born in Montevideo. His Spanish father was director Narciso Ibáñez Menta, and his Argentine mother was actress Pepita Serrador. Ibáñez Serrador died from a urinary tract infection on 7 June 2019 in Madrid. He was 83. Alexander Kuznetsov (actor) Alexander Konstantinovich Kuznetsov (; December 2, 1959 – June 6, 2019) was a Russian American actor. He was born in Petrovka, Primorsky Krai. He had roles in both Russian and American productions. He is best known for his roles in television and movies such as "The Alaska Kid", "The Peacemaker", "Space Cowboys", "Agent Red", "Alias", "Beverly Hills, 90210", "NYPD Blue" and "24". Kuznetsov died on June 6, 2019 in Moscow, at the age of 59. Nonnie Griffin Nonnie Griffin (October 22, 1933 – June 7, 2019) was a Canadian actress and voice actress. She was born in Toronto, Ontario. Her stage work includes "Hello, Dolly!". She had live-action acting and voice acting roles in "Star Wars: Ewoks", ', "King of Kensington", ', "Forever Knight", "Bizarre" and "Strange Paradise". She also appeared in the movies "", "The Believers", "Good Fences" and "If You Could See What I Hear". Griffin died of a ruptured aortic aneurysm on June 7, 2019. She was 85. Charles Tupper Sir Charles Tupper, 1st Baronet, (July 2, 1821 – October 30, 1915) was a Canadian father of Confederation: as the premier of Nova Scotia from 1864 to 1867, he led Nova Scotia into Confederation. He was also the shortest serving Prime Minister of Canada. His term was only 2 and a half months. Welsh orthography The Welsh language is written in a version of the Latin alphabet. It traditionally has of 28 letters, of which eight are digraphs treated as single letters for collation: The letter "j" is now often included in the alphabet, between "i" and "l", due to its use in several loanwords from English (especially the common surname "Jones" ). The letters "k", "v", "x" and "z" are used in some technical terms, like "kilogram" , "volt" , "xeroser" and "zero" , but in all cases can be, and often are, replaced by Welsh letters: "cilogram" , "folt" , "seroser" and "sero." The letter "k" was in common use until the 16th century, but was dropped at the time of the publication of the New Testament in Welsh, William Salesbury responding to critics: "C for K, because the printers have not so many as the Welsh requireth". This change was not popular at the time The most common diacritic is the circumflex, which is used in some cases to mark a long vowel. Decimal degrees Decimal degrees are the latitude and longitude geographic coordinates as decimal fractions. Positive latitudes are north of the equator and less than zero latitudes are south of equator. Positive longitudes are east of the prime meridian and less than zero longitudes are to the west of the prime meridian. Latitude and longitude are usually listed as "Latitude, Longitude", in that order. Precision. The radius of the semi-major axis (the distance from the center of Earth to the outside at the equator line) of Earth at the equator is 6,378,137.0 meters resulting in a circumference of 40,075,161.2 meters. The number of decimal places required for a particular precision at the equator is: Justin Edinburgh Justin Charles Edinburgh (18 December 1969 – 8 June 2019) was an English professional football player and manager. He played as a left back. Life and career. Edinburgh was born in Basildon. He started his playing career at Southend United in 1988. He was loaned to Tottenham Hotspur in 1990 and signed a contract with the club that same year. During his time at Totteham between 1990 and 2000, Edinburgh made 258 appearances for the club and scored once. He also won two trophies with Spurs, the 1990–91 FA Cup and the 1998–99 Football League Cup. He signed for Portsmouth in 2000. He left the club in 2003 to become player-manager of Billericay Town. After retiring from playing, Edinburgh moved into full-time management, starting in 2006. He managed many lower-league and non-league clubs, including Rushden & Diamonds, Newport County, Gillingham and Northampton Town. He was the manager of Leyton Orient at the time of his death in June 2019. Edinburgh was married and had two children. He died of a cardiac arrest on 8 June 2019, at the age of 49. Ryszard Bugajski Ryszard Bugajski (27 April 1943 – 7 June 2019) was a Polish movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Warsaw. He directed 23 movie and television shows, starting in 1972. He directed and co-wrote the anti-communist movie "Interrogation" (1982). It was entered into the 1990 Cannes Film Festival after being censored by the Polish communist authorities for years. Bugajski also directed the Canadian drama movie "Clearcut" (1991) and the Polish historical movie "Generał Nil" (1996). Bugajski died in Warsaw after a long illness on 7 June 2019. He was 76. Allegheny, Pennsylvania Allegheny City (1788–1907) was a Pennsylvania municipality, now known as and part of the modern city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Allegheny City was a right bank municipality located west across the Allegheny River from downtown Pittsburgh, with its southwest border formed by the Ohio River and is known today as the North Side of Pittsburgh. It was annexed by Pittsburgh in 1907. Andre Matos Andre Coelho Matos (14 September 1971 – 8 June 2019) was a Brazilian vocalist, pianist and composer. He was born in São Paulo and began his career in 1985. He was a member of many heavy metal bands, notably for Viper, Angra, Shaaman and Symfonia. In 2012, he was ranked #77 on the list of 100 Greatest Voices of Brazilian Music by "Rolling Stone" Brasil. Matos died on 8 June 2019 of a heart attack, at the age of 47. Frankincense Frankincense is an aromatic resin used in incense and perfumes. It is obtained from trees of the genus "Boswellia" in the family Burseraceae. Frankincense is tapped from the scraggly but hardy trees by striping (slashing the bark). The resin then bleeds out and hardens. The hardened streaks of resin are called tears. One of the gifts brought by the Three Wise Men, along with myrrh, which is pretty much the same kind of thing. Capsize Capsizing is when a boat has overturned in the water. Blanca Suárez Blanca Martínez Suárez (born 21 October 1988), professionally known as Blanca Suárez, is a Spanish actress and model. She was born in Madrid. She is best known for her roles on television series "The Boarding School" (2007–10), "The Boat" (2011–13), and the Netflix series "Cable Girls" (2017–present). Clarence Avant Clarence Alexander Avant (born February 25, 1931) is an American music executive, entrepreneur, and movie producer. He is sometimes known as the "Godfather of Black Music". He was born in Climax, North Carolina. He founded Sussex Records on December 18, 1969. In October 2016, Avant received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Tony Rodham Anthony Dean Rodham (August 8, 1954 – June 7, 2019) was an American consultant and businessman. He was the youngest brother of Hillary Rodham Clinton, and the brother-in-law of former U.S. President Bill Clinton. During the Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2016, he and Hugh appeared with her at a rally in their childhood summer home of Scranton, Pennsylvania in April 2016. He kept a low profile during the campaign. Rodham died on June 7, 2019 at the age of 64. Lucho Avilés Lucho Avilés (30 April 1938 – 8 June 2019) was a Uruguayan-born Argentine journalist and television presenter. He was born in Uruguay's capital city Montevideo. His first work in Argentina was for "Crónica" newspaper. In 1965 he moved to Argentina and became an Argentine citizen. He died on 8 June 2019 in Buenos Aires from a heart attack at the age of 81. Is There Anybody Out There? The Wall Live 1980–81 Is There Anybody Out There? The Wall Live 1980–81 is a live album comprised of recordings of Pink Floyd's tour of The Wall. Background. "Is There Anybody Out There?" contains live versions of the songs off of The Wall. Some extra tracks are added, "What Shall We Do Now?" and "The Last Few Bricks". These songs were originally slated to be on the original album, but they were cut because of the album's length. "The Last Few Bricks" is an instrumental bridge between "Another Brick in the Wall, Part 3" and "Goodbye Cruel World". The song includes themes from previous songs, including "Young Lust", "Empty Spaces", "Don't Leave Me Now", "What Shall We Do Now?", and "The Happiest Days of Our Lives". The purpose of the bridge is to give the bricklayers more time to place the, as the title implies, last few bricks. The album also includes two spoken tracks, "" and "Master of Ceremonies". Meddle Meddle is the sixth studio album released by Pink Floyd. It was released on October 30, 1971. Pulse (album) Pulse (stylized as p·u·l·s·e) is a live album by Pink Floyd. It was released on May 29, 1995. Shine On You Crazy Diamond Shine On You Crazy Diamond is a nine part composition by Pink Floyd. It bookends their 1975 studio album Wish You Were Here. Background. Shine On is a tribute song to Pink Floyd's former member, Syd Barrett. Barrett was removed from the band for his drug use and mental problems, which interfered with his ability to perform and develop as a musician. He was replaced by David Gilmour, who was a friend of Barrett's. Barrett incident. One day during recording, Barrett decided to stop by Abbey Road Studios to see the band. At first, the band could not recognize him. He was now heavyset, and had shaved his hair and eyebrows. Once the band had realized Barrett's identity, Roger Waters was so distressed he burst into tears. Somebody asked to play the song again for Barrett, but he had said another play was unnecessary. Barrett said the song sounded "a bit old". Composition. Parts I-V. Part I "(Wright, Waters, Gilmour; from 0:00 to 3:54)" There are no lyrics in Part I. The section begins with a fade in of chords created with synthesizers and wine glasses. Wright plays a synthesizer passage, which leads into a long guitar solo by Gilmour. The wineglass-synth chords fade into the background. Part II "(Wright, Waters, Gilmour; from 3:54 to 6:27)" Part II opens with a four-note theme, called Syd's theme by fans. This repeats for much of the part. Mason and Waters begin playing after the fourth play of the theme. Part III "(Wright, Waters, Gilmour; from 6:27 to 8:42)" Part III opens with a synthesizer solo from Wright. This part includes another guitar solo by Gilmour. Part IV "(Wright, Waters, Gilmour; from 8:42 to 11:10)" Part IV has vocals. Waters and Gilmour sing the vocals, with backup singers Venette Fields and Carlena Williams. Part V "(Wright, Waters, Gilmour; from 11:10 to 13:32)" Two guitars play an arpeggio version of the theme for a minute. Dick Parry begins playing saxophone until the part ends. The music fades into synthesizer sounds, resembling an elevator. The song fades to "Welcome to the Machine". Parts VI-IX. Part VI "(Wright, Waters, Gilmour; from 0:00 to 4:39)" Howling wind fades in from "Wish You Were Here". As the wind fades away, Gilmour comes in with bass guitar. Waters adds to Gilmour's bass with his own creating a riff pattern. Gilmour and Wright harmonize with lap-steel guitar and synth at the two minute mark. The song's time signature changes to reintroduce the vocals. Part VII "(Wright, Waters, Gilmour; from 4:39 to 5:49)" The vocals are introduced again. Same personnel as Part IV. Part VIII "(Wright, Waters, Gilmour; from 5:49 to 9:17)" A high-noted riff plays to bridge the parts. The song switches to a funk progression. The section fades into Wright's synthesizer solo. Part IX "(Wright; from 9:17 to 12:28)" A lengthy synthesizer solo. The solo plays throughout the part, and during the fade-out, a keyboard part of "See Emily Play" can be heard, one of Barrett's signature Floyd tracks. Wish You Were Here (song) Wish You Were Here is the title track of the Pink Floyd album Wish You Were Here. Background. The song is a tribute to Syd Barrett. The song is mainly made up of acoustic guitar (David Gilmour), with keyboards (Richard Wright), drums (Nick Mason), and bass guitar (Roger Waters). Delicate Sound of Thunder Delicate Sound of Thunder is a live double album by Pink Floyd. It was released on November 22, 1988. Australian Plains Australian Plains is a small settlement in South Australia. Originally, the settlement was founded by German immigrants, in the 1880s. In 2014, it had a population of about 30 people. The post office operated from 1882 to 1971. The public school operated from 1917 to 1956. Before 1917, there was a Lutheran school, which had to close during World War I. Jorge Brovetto Jorge Brovetto Cruz (14 February 1933 – 8 June 2019) was a Uruguayan chemical engineer, academic and politician. He was born in Montevideo. He served as President of the Broad Front (2004–2012) and as Minister of Education and Culture (2005–2008). He was also Rector of the University of the Republic, Montevideo. Brovetto died on 8 June 2019 in Montevideo, at the age of 86. Norman Dewis Norman Dewis (3 August 1920 – 8 June 2019) was a British car test driver. He was born in Coventry, Warwickshire. He was the chief test driver and development engineer for Jaguar Cars from 1952 to 1985. In 2015, he became an Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to the motor industry. Dewis died on 8 June 2019, at the age of 98. Alejandro Jadresic Alejandro Daslav Jadresic Marinovic (6 June 1956 – 5 June 2019) was a Chilean industrial engineer, economist and academic. He served as Minister of Energy from 1994 to 1998, in the cabinet of President Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle. He was a graduate of the University of Chile and Harvard University. Jadresic died of brain cancer on 5 June 2019, a day before his 63rd birthday. Evangelina García Prince Evangelina García Prince (30 September 1934 – 3 June 2019) was a Venezuelan women rights activist, politician and academic. She was born in La Guaira. She served as a member of the Senate of Venezuela from 1988 to 1991, and again from 1994 to 1996. She was a member of the Comisión para la Reforma del Estado (COPRE), a presidential commission. García Prince died on 3 June 2019, at the age of 84. Jess Wade Jessica Alice Feinmann Wade BEM is a British physicist and activist. She works in the Blackett Laboratory at Imperial College London, researching polymer-based light-emitting diodes. She is also an activist that promotes women in science, specifically physics. Devon Rex The Devon Rex is a type of cat, which was first born in England during the late 1950s. The first Devon Rex was discovered by Beryl Cox in Buckfastleigh, Devon, UK, in 1959. They are thin and have large ears. Devon Rex cats, or Devon Rexes, are known to be very smart. Their fur is curly or wavy and is very soft. They are similar to Cornish Rex cats, who also have curly, soft fur. They are smaller than most cats, weighing between 5 to 10lbs (2 to 4kg) when fully grown. Tabebuia Tabebuia is a polyphyletic assemblage today comprising 66 spp. For example red lapacho "T impetigosa" is considered as "Handroanthus impetiginosus" by Mattos Typus is T. cassionoides (Lam.)DC. Cree The Cree ( in Cree language; in French) are one of the First Nations in North America. They are one of the largest groups. In Canada, over 350,000 people are Cree or have Cree ancestors. Most Cree in Canada live in Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and the Northwest Territories. About 27,000 of them live in Quebec. During their history in the United States, Cree people lived west of Lake Superior. Today, they live mostly in Montana, in the Rocky Boy Indian Reservation. Ojibwe (Chippewa) people also live in that reservation. They have moved west over time because they were traders and hunters. Girish Karnad Girish Raghunath Karnad (19 May 1938 – 10 June 2019) was an Indian actor, movie director, screenwriter, playwright and a Rhodes Scholar. His works were based in Kannada. He was a recipient of the 1998 Jnanpith Award. His best acting roles were as Guruji in "Iqbal" (2005) and as Dr. Shenoy in "Ek Tha Tiger" (2012) and in the sequel "Tiger Zinda Hai" (2017). Karnad was born in Matheran in present day Maharashtra. He studied at Karnatak University and at the University of Oxford. His son, Raghu, is a journalist. Karnad died of multiple organ failure caused by a long-illness on 10 June 2019 at a hospital in Bengaluru, Karnataka at the age of 81. Sonam Kapoor Sonam Kapoor Ahuja (; born 9 June 1985) is an Indian actress, philanthropist and model. She was born in Bombay, Maharashtra. Kapoor is one of the highest-paid actresses in Bollywood. Her father is actor Anil Kapoor. Her best known roles were as Sakina in "Saawariya" (2007) and as Simran in "I Hate Luv Storys" (2010). Anil Kapoor Anil Kapoor (born 24 December 1956) is an Indian actor and producer. He was born in Bombay. His daughter is actress Sonam Kapoor. His best known roles were in "Meri Jung" (1985), "Karma" (1986), "Janbaaz" (1986), "Aap Ke Saath" (1986), "Mr. India" (1987), "Ghar Ho To Aisa" (1990), "Awaargi" (1990), "Benaam Badsha" (1991), and "Virasat" (1997). Kapoor starred as game show host Prem Kumar in the Academy Award-winning movie "Slumdog Millionaire". Katrina Kaif Katrina Kaif (, born Katrina Turquotte, 16 July 1983) is an English actress and model. She was born in Hong Kong. Kaif stars in Bollywood movies. Her first well known works were the Bollywood comedies "Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya?" (2005) and "Namastey London" (2007). She also starred as Zoya "Zee" Humaimi in "Ek Tha Tiger" (2012) and the sequel "Tiger Zinda Hai" (2017). Later she appeared in "Thugs of Hindostan" (2018), "Zero" (2018), "Bharat" (2019) and "Sooryavanshi" (2019). Dalyan Dalyan is a town in Muğla Province at the southwest coast of Turkey. By June 10, 2019, the city will be also called as Dalyan of the West, due to the location in Turkey which is in western Asia. It is also and independent municipality, within the administrative district of Ortaca. Dalyan of the West means Dalyan which is a place in Turkey. It is not to be confused with Dalyan of the East, where it is referred to Dalian in China. Robert Cohan Sir Robert Paul Cohan (27 March 1925 – January 2021) was an American-born British dancer and choreographer. He was the founding artistic director of The Place, London Contemporary Dance School, and London Contemporary Dance Theatre (LCDT), which he directed for 20 years. He was born in New York City. He worked with Martha Graham. He was knighted in the 2019 Birthday Honours for services to dance. Cohan died in January 2021, aged 95. Frank Lucchesi Frank Joseph Lucchesi (April 24, 1927 – June 8, 2019) was an American professional baseball player, manager, and coach. He was the manager of three Major League Baseball (MLB) teams: the Philadelphia Phillies (1970–1972), Texas Rangers (1975–1977), and Chicago Cubs (1987). Lucchesi was born in San Francisco, California. On June 8, 2019, Lucchesi died in Colleyville, Texas at the age of 92. Colleyville, Texas Colleyville is a city and suburb of Dallas and Fort Worth located in northeast Tarrant County, Texas, United States. It is roughly west of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport. The population was 22,807 at the 2010 census. Colleyville is well known for its public schools, public safety, wealth, and rural atmosphere. Hostage crisis. In January 2022, a man took hostages at a synagogue. Noémi Ban Noémi Ban (; ; ; September 29, 1922 – June 7, 2019) was a Hungarian-born American Jew. She was a survivor of the Holocaust. She was a Golden Apple Award-winning lecturer. She was a known public speaker and teacher in Washington state. Ban was born in Szeged, Kingdom of Hungary. Ban died on June 7, 2019 in Bellingham, Washington at the age of 96. Bellingham, Washington Bellingham ( ) is a county seat and city in Whatcom County in the U.S. state of Washington. It is 52 miles (84 km) southwest of Vancouver, 90 miles (145 km) north of Seattle, and 21 miles (33 km) south of the Canada-US border. The city’s population was 80,885 at the 2010 United States Census. Bellingham is the twelfth-most populous city in the state of Washington. Albert Rohan Albert Rohan (9 May 1936 – 4 June 2019) was an Austrian diplomat. He was Permanent Secretary of the Austrian Foreign Ministry from 1996 to 2001. Rohan was born in Melk, Lower Austria. From 1977 to 1981, he was Director at the Executive Office of the United Nations Secretary General. Rohan died in Vienna on 5 June 2019 at the age of 83. S. L. Bhyrappa Santeshivara Lingannaiah Bhyrappa (Kannada: ಸಂತೇಶಿವರ ಲಿಂಗಣ್ಣಯ್ಯ ಭೈರಪ್ಪ) (born 20 August 1934) is an Indian novelist. He was born in Karnataka, India. He has been among the top selling authors of Kannada language. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 2016. His best known works were "Tabbaliyu Neenade Magane", "Dharmashree", "Naayi Neralu", "Nirakarana", "Nele", "Saartha", "Aavarana" and more recently "Uttarakaanda". Rajeev Taranath Rajeev Taranath (born 17 October 1932) is an Indian classical musician. He plays the sarod. He was born in Bangalore, Karnataka. Rajeev was singing for the All India Radio before he was twenty. He taught English literature at the University of Aden in 1980s. He was the head of the Indian music program at the World Music Department of the California Institute of the Arts from 1995 to 2005. Paul Lieberstein Paul Lieberstein (born February 22, 1967) is an American actor, screenwriter, and television producer. He is best known as the writer, as producer, and as supporting cast member Toby Flenderson on the U.S. version of the sitcom "The Office". He was born in Westport, Connecticut. Yevgeny Dzhugashvili Yevgeny Yakovlevich Dzhugashvili (; 10 January 1936 – 22 December 2016) was a Soviet Air Force colonel. He was the grandson Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, and gained notice as a defender of his grandfather's reputation. In the 1999 elections of the Russian State Duma, he was one of the candidates of the Stalin Bloc – For the USSR, a league of communist parties. He lived in Georgia, his grandfather's homeland. He also became known for suing a Russian newspaper. He also critizized Vladimir Putin for publishing photographs which show him riding a horse with a naked torso. Alexander Mackenzie Alexander Mackenzie commonly refers to: Crazy Mohan Mohan Rangachari (16 October 1952 – 10 June 2019), better known by his stage name Crazy Mohan, was an Indian actor, comedian, screenwriter and playwright. He wrote over 30 plays, and worked on over 40 movies as a dialogue writer and actor. He also wrote more than 100 short stories. He appeared many Tamil movies, including the comedies "Michael Madana Kama Rajan" (1990), "Thedinen Vanthathu" (1997) and "Vasool Raja MBBS" (2004). Mohan died of a heart attack on 10 June 2019 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He was 66. Government of Ghana Ghana used to be ruled by a military government. In 1992, Ghana allowed its citizens to elect its leaders, and in 1993, Ghana became a parliamentary democracy known as the Fourth Republic. The 1992 constitution splits powers between a president, parliament, cabinet, council of state, and an independent national court. Anyone can vote in Ghana, regardless of their gender, race, background, money, and so on. Government. Political parties became legal in Ghana in 1992. Right now, there are 20 political parties. The two most dominant ones are the National Democratic Congress and the New Patriotic Party. The National Democratic Congress won elections in 1992, 1996, 2008 and 2012. The New Patriotic Party won elections in 2000, 2004, and 2016. Relations to other countries. Ghana has believed in the non-aligned movement, meaning that it does not form official relationships with other countries. However, Ghana prefers to cooperate with other countries. Ghana is a member of the United Nations and the African Union. Many people from Ghana serve as diplomats for those kinds of groups. Regions. There are ten regions of the Republic of Ghana which are divided into 6 metropolitan assemblies, 55 Municipal assemblies, and 216 districts. Duma (genus) Duma is considered a genus, after T M Schuster; who studied the phylogenetics of some Polygonum species. These tiny species are all belonging to ATP clade. Otherwise it was classified as Muehlenbeckia Jet, Three species are included, i.e. D.coccoloboides, D.florulenta and D. horrida. List of neuroscientists This is an alphabetical list of neuroscientists Duma florulenta Duma florulenta (synonym Muehlenbeckia florulenta), commonly known as tangled lignum or often simply lignum, is a shrub in Australia and is the nomenclatural type of genus Duma. Master (musician) მასტერი (Master(i); ; Giorgi Pavliashvili, born 26 December 1988 in Tbilisi, Georgian SSR) is a Georgian rapper and hip-hopper. He also sings rhythm and blues. He composes and arranges his songs. Early life and education. Master was born in Tbilisi, Georgian SSR. He graduated Tbilisi State University and school of Silvan Hills in Arkansas. In the United States, he played in FC Lakewood International. Career. In 2004, he started his musical career Important clips and albums. He has more than 69,000 subscribers on Youtube. He is active after 2004. Kansas Department of Transportation The Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) is a state government organization. It maintains public roads, streets, highways, and railroads in the U.S. state of Kansas. Kansas Department of Corrections The Kansas Department of Corrections is a government organization of Kansas. It is in charge of Kansas's prisons. This includes prisons for both children and adults. They are in charge of the Kansas's parole system, they are in charge of Kansas's Prisoner Review Board. It is located in Topeka. Lee Hee-ho Lee Hee-ho (; 21 September 1922 – 10 June 2019) was a South Korean women's rights and peace activist. She served as First Lady of South Korea from 1998 to 2003. She was married to the 8th President of South Korea, Kim Dae-jung from 1962 until his death in 2009. The couple had one son, and Lee was also the stepmother of Kim's two sons from his first marriage. She was born in Seoul during the Japanese occupation of Korea. Lee died of liver cancer on 10 June 2019 in Seoul. She was 96. Erich Iltgen Erich Iltgen (10 July 1940 – 10 June 2019) was a German politician. He was a member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He served as the president of the Landtag of Saxony, the state parliament of Saxony, from 1990 to 2009. He was born in Cologne. Iltgen died on 10 June 2019, at the age of 78. Kansas Department of Health and Environment The Kansas Department of Health and Environment is a state agency in Kansas. It is in charge of Kansas's public health system, medical papers, and environment. Juhani Wahlsten Juhani Jorma Kalervo "Juuso" Wahlsten (13 January 1938 – 9 June 2019) was a Finnish professional ice hockey player. He was born in Helsinki. He played in the SM-sarja, the top level of ice hockey in Finland. He played for KalPa, Ilves, HJK and TPS. He also represented Finland at three Winter Olympics (1960, 1964, 1968). He was added to the Finnish Hockey Hall of Fame in 1986. Wahlsten died on 9 June 2019 in Turku. He was 81. William D. Wittliff William Dale Wittliff (January 21, 1940 – June 9, 2019), sometimes credited as Bill Wittliff, was an American screenwriter, author and photographer. He was born in Taft, Texas. He wrote many screenplays, including for the movies "Raggedy Man" (1981), "Barbarosa" (1982), "Legends of the Fall" (1994), "The Perfect Storm" (2000), and the miniseries "Lonesome Dove". Wittliff died of a heart attack in Austin, Texas on June 9, 2019. He was 79. Gabriele Grunewald Gabriele Grunewald ("née" Anderson; June 25, 1986 – June 11, 2019) was an American professional middle-distance runner. She was born in Perham, Minnesota. She competed in distances from 800 to 5000 meters. She represented the United States at the 2014 IAAF World Indoor Championships and finished in tenth place. She was the national champion in the 3000 meters at the 2014 USA Indoor Track and Field Championships. Grunewald was first diagnosed with a rare form of salivary gland cancer in 2009. In 2016, the cancer spread to her liver and a six inch tumor was removed. On June 10, 2019, it was announced that Grunewald had entered end of life care in Minneapolis due to the disease. She died the next day at the age of 32. Sinistrophobia Sinistrophobia is a fear of objects to the left side of bodies or left-handed people. The word sinistrophobia is derived from the Latin word sinistro (meaning left) and the Greek word phobia (meaning fear). Person(s) diagnosed with sinistrophobia often suffer an irrational fear of any object located to the left of a body, objects or person(s) to their left and those who use their left hand, symptoms can include but are not limited to, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, dry-mouth, shaking, irregular heartbeat or any of the common symptoms associated with a panic attack. Those suffering from sinistrophobia may also refuse to use their left hand, touch another persons left hand or any objects located to their left. 2019 NBA Finals The 2019 NBA Finals was a championship series in the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s 2018–19 season. Both teams played in a "best-of-seven" series (one team has to win at least four games). This series began on May 30th and ended on June 13th, with the Raptors winning 4-2. The Toronto Raptors won against the two-time defending champion Golden State Warriors. Kawhi Leonard was named the Finals MVP for the second time in his career, after 2014. Both teams had won their conference finals (the Raptors play in the Eastern Conference and the Warriors play in the Western Conference), meaning that they had to face off. This was the first time the Raptors won an NBA Finals and also the first time a Canadian team, and a team outside the United States overall, had won the Finals. The Warriors played in the NBA Finals again. It was their fifth straight time playing in the Finals, and their last until 2022. This was the first time that the Raptors had ever played in the NBA Finals, just 23 years after they joined the league in 1996. This was the first Finals since 2010 not to include LeBron James who played in the last eight Finals. Of which, he made four each with the Miami Heat and Cleveland Cavaliers. Victory parade. On 17 June, the Raptors held a parade in Toronto to celebrate them winning. It began at Princes' Gates in Exhibition Place and ended at Nathan Phillips Square next to the Toronto City Hall. Over two million people came to watch the parade. Because of this, the parade was the largest public gathering in Canadian history. However, because there were so many people, the parade was slowed down by three hours. Julia Kristeva Julia Kristeva (; ; born 24 June 1941) is a Bulgarian-French philosopher, literary critic, semiotician, psychoanalyst, feminist, and, most recently, novelist, who has lived in France since the mid-1960s. She is now a professor emeritus at the University Paris Diderot. The author of more than 30 books, including "Powers of Horror", "Tales of Love", "Black Sun: Depression and Melancholia", "Proust and the Sense of Time", and the trilogy "Female Genius", she has been awarded Commander of the Legion of Honor, Commander of the Order of Merit, the Holberg International Memorial Prize, the Hannah Arendt Prize, and the Vision 97 Foundation Prize, awarded by the Havel Foundation. Kristeva became influential in international critical analysis, cultural studies and feminism after publishing her first book, "Semeiotikè", in 1969. She has published a large amount of academic work including books and essays which address intertextuality, the semiotic, and abjection, in the fields of linguistics, literary theory and criticism, psychoanalysis, biography and autobiography, political and cultural analysis, art and art history. She is important in structuralist and poststructuralist thought. Kristeva is also the founder of the Simone de Beauvoir Prize committee. Life. Kristeva was born in Sliven, Bulgaria. Her parents were Christian. Her father was a church accountant. Kristeva and her sister attended a Francophone school run by Dominican nuns. Kristeva learned about the work of Mikhail Bakhtin. Kristeva went on to study at the University of Sofia. While a postgraduate there she got a research fellowship that let her move to France in December 1965, when she was 24. She continued her education at several French universities, studying under Lucien Goldmann and Roland Barthes, among other scholars. On August 2, 1967, Kristeva married the novelist Philippe Sollers, "né" Philippe Joyaux. Kristeva taught at Columbia University in the early 1970s. She is still a Visiting Professor. She has also published under the married name Julia Joyaux. Work. After joining the 'Tel Quel group' founded by Sollers, Kristeva mostly worked on the politics of language and became an active member of the group. She trained in psychoanalysis, and earned her degree in 1979. In some ways, her work can be seen as trying to adapt a psychoanalytic approach to poststructuralist criticism. For example, her view of the subject, and its construction has some things in common with Sigmund Freud and Lacan. However, Kristeva rejects any understanding of the subject in a structuralist sense. Instead, she describes the subject as always "in process" or "on trial". In this way, she contributes to the poststructuralist critique of essentialized structures, while preserving the teachings of psychoanalysis. She travelled to China in the 1970s and later wrote "About Chinese Women" (1977). The "semiotic" and the "symbolic". One of Kristeva's most important contributions is that signification is composed of two elements: the symbolic and the "semiotic". That use of semiotic is different from the discipline of semiotics founded by Ferdinand de Saussure. Augustine Perumalil explained that Kristeva's "semiotic is closely related to the infantile pre-Oedipal referred to in the works of Freud, Otto Rank, Melanie Klein, British Object Relation psychoanalysis, and Lacan's pre-mirror stage." It is an emotional field that is related to the instincts in the gaps and sounds of language rather than in the denotative meanings of words. According to Birgit Schippers, the semiotic is associated with music, poetry, rhythm, and that which lacks structure and meaning. It is closely tied to the "feminine" and shows the state of the pre-Mirror Stage infant that has not yet developed independently. In the Mirror Stage, the child learns to tell the difference between self and other. The child begins a process of sharing cultural meaning, known as the symbolic. In "Desire in Language" (1980), Kristeva describes the symbolic as the development of language in the child to become a "speaking subject" and to develop a sense of identity separate from the mother. This process of separation is known as abjection. The child must reject and move away from the mother in order to enter into the world of language, culture, meaning, and the social. This realm of language is called the symbolic and is different from the semiotic that is associated with the masculine, the law, and structure. Kristeva thinks differently from Lacan. She thinks that even after entering the symbolic, the subject continues to move back and forth between the semiotic and the symbolic. Therefore, the child does not form a fixed identity. The subject is permanently "in process". Because female children continue to identify to some degree with the mother figure, they are especially likely to retain a close connection to the semiotic. This continued identification with the mother may result in what Kristeva refers to in "Black Sun" (1989) as melancholia (depression), because female children both reject and identify with the mother figure at the same time. It has also been suggested (e.g., Creed, 1993) that the degradation of women and women's bodies in popular culture (and particularly, for example, in slasher films) emerges because of the threat to identity that the mother's body poses: it is a reminder of time spent in the undifferentiated state of the semiotic, where one has no concept of self or identity. After abjecting the mother, subjects retain an unconscious fascination with the semiotic, desiring to reunite with the mother, while at the same time fearing the loss of identity that accompanies it. Slasher films thus provide a way for audience members to safely reenact the process of abjection by vicariously expelling and destroying the mother figure. Kristeva uses Plato’s idea of the "chora", meaning "a nourishing maternal space" (Schippers, 2011). Kristeva’s idea of the "chora" may mean: a reference to the uterus, as a metaphor for the relationship between the mother and child, and as the time before the Mirror Stage. Kristeva is also known for working on intertextuality. Anthropology and psychology. Kristeva argues that anthropology and psychology, or the connection between the social and the subject, do not represent each other, but rather follow the same logic: the survival of the group and the subject. Furthermore, in her analysis of Oedipus, she claims that the speaking subject cannot exist on his/her own, but that he/she "stands on the fragile threshold as if stranded on account of an impossible demarcation" ("Powers of Horror", p. 85). In her comparison between the two disciplines, Kristeva claims that the way in which an individual excludes the abject mother as a means of forming an identity, is the same way in which societies are constructed. On a broader scale, cultures exclude the maternal and the feminine, and by this come into being. Feminist. Kristeva has been called an important leader of French feminism together with Simone de Beauvoir, Hélène Cixous, and Luce Irigaray. Kristeva has had a strong influence on feminism and feminist literary studies in the US and the UK. She has also influenced thinking about contemporary art. But her relation to feminist groups and movements in France has been very controversial. Kristeva made a famous statement about three types of feminism in "Women's Time" in "New Maladies of the Soul" (1993). She rejected the first two types, including that of Beauvoir. Some people think she completely rejects feminism. Kristeva proposed an idea of multiple sexual identities against concepts of "unified feminine language". Against identity politics. Kristeva says American feminist academics have misunderstood her writings. According to Kristeva, it was not enough to take language apart to find its hidden meaning. History, individual psychic and sexual experiences also tell us how to understand language. This is a post-structuralist approach. It helped some social groups to find the source of their oppression in the language that they used. However, Kristeva believes that it is harmful to think of collective identity as more important than individual identity. She thinks that politics that makes sexual, ethnic, and religious identities the most important thing is ultimately totalitarian. Novelist. Kristeva wrote some novels that are like detective stories. The books have mystery and suspense, but readers also find ideas from her theoretical projects. "Murder in Byzantium" has themes from orthodox Christianity and politics. She called it "a kind of anti-Da Vinci Code". Honors. Kristeva won the Holberg International Memorial Prize in 2004. She won the 2006 Hannah Arendt Prize for Political Thought. She has also received Commander of the Legion of Honor, Commander of the Order of Merit, and the Vaclav Havel Prize. Scholarly reception. Roman Jakobson said that Kristeva was very good at asking questions in a way that interested people even if they disagreed with her Roland Barthes comments that Julia Kristeva changes the place of things. He says that she always destroys your last prejudice and that she turns authority against itself." Ian Almond criticizes Kristeva's ethnocentrism. He repeats Gayatri Spivak's conclusion that Kristeva's book "About Chinese Women" has problems. Almond says it has the same discrimination and bias as in the eighteenth century. Also, he says that Kristeva wrote about two thousand years of history that she does not know well. Almond also thinks that Kristeva's ideas about the Muslim world, culture, and believers are too simple. He adds that Kristeva ignores Muslim women and pays too much attention to the Rushdie fatwa. Some writings. Novels. Other books about Julia Kristeva: Linda Collins-Smith Linda F. Collins-Smith (December 31, 1961 – June 4, 2019) was an American businesswoman and politician. She was a Republican member of the Arkansas Senate from 2015 through 2019 and before was a member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from 2011 to 2013. She was born in Pocahontas, Arkansas. Assassination. On June 4, 2019, a decomposing body was found in a blanket outside Collins-Smith's home in Pocahontas, with stab wounds. On June 6, police announced the body was Collins-Smith. They did not confirm a cause of death. Jonathan Nichols (politician) Jonathan Nichols (November 14, 1965 – June 5, 2019) was an American politician. He was born in Norman, Oklahoma. He was a member of the Oklahoma Senate from 2001 to 2013. He was a member of the Republican Party. He was an attorney and became Assistant District Attorney. On June 5, 2019, Nichols was found dead of an apparent gunshot wound at his home in Norman. The exact cause and manner of death are under investigation. Paul "Lil' Buck" Sinegal Paul "Lil' Buck" Sinegal (January 14, 1944 – June 10, 2019) was an American blues and zydeco guitarist and singer-songwriter. He was born in Lafayette, Louisiana. In the late 1960s, he recorded his own instrumentals, including "Cat Scream" and "Monkey in a Sack", for the La Louisiane record label. Later, in the 1980s and 1990s, he also toured internationally with Buckwheat Zydeco and with Rockin' Dopsie. He founded the Cowboy Stew Blues Revue with C. C. Adcock. In 1999, he released the album "The Buck Starts Here". Sinegal died on June 9, 2019 at his home in Lafayette from problems caused by an illness, aged 75. Wang Jun (businessman) Wang Jun (; April 11, 1941 – June 10, 2019) was a Chinese business executive. He was Chairman of the Poly Group. He also was Chairman the state-owned China International Trust and Investment Corporation (CITIC) and held the rank of a government minister. He retired in 2006. He was born in Hunan. Wang died on June 10, 2019, at the age of 78. Son Myung-soon Son Myung-soon (Hangul:손명순, Hanja:孫命順) (also transliterated as Sohn Myung Soon) (born 16 January 1929) is a South Korean socialite. She was the widow of South Korean President Kim Young-sam. She was the first lady when Kim Young-sam was in office, from 1993 to 1998. Megathrust earthquake A megathrust earthquake occurs at subduction zones at destructive convergent plate boundaries, where one tectonic plate is forced underneath another. These interplate earthquakes are the planet's most powerful, with moment magnitudes that can exceed 9.0. Since 1900, all earthquakes of magnitude 9.0 or greater have been megathrust earthquakes. No other type of known terrestrial source of tectonic activity has produced earthquakes of this scale. Valeria Valeri Valeria Valeri (born Valeria Tulli; 8 December 1921 – 11 June 2019) was an Italian actress. She was born in Rome. She appeared in theatre, movies, television and also dubbed in Italian. She is known for her roles in the movies "Adriana Lecouvreur" (1955), "Lo scippo" (1965), "Seasons of Our Love" (1966) and "Catherine and I" (1980). She later appeared in the series "Un medico in famiglia". Valeri died on 11 June 2019 in Rome, at the age of 97. Gavin Robertson Gavin Ron Robertson (born 28 May 1966) is an Australian former cricketer. He was born in St Leonards, New South Wales. He was a right-handed off-break bowler and a lower-order batsman. He played for the Australia national team, including four Test matches in 1998. He also played for New South Wales and Tasmania. He later became a musician and a sports panellist. In May 2019, it was announced that Robertson has brain cancer. Ellicott City, Maryland Ellicott City is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in, and the county seat of, Howard County, Maryland, United States. Part of the Baltimore metropolitan area, its population was 65,834 at the 2010 census, making it as the largest unincorporated county seat in the country. Pontyberem Pontyberem is a village located in Carmarthenshire, Wales. In the 2011 Census the population of the village was 2,768 people. Notable people from Pontyberem include Jonny Clayton and Dorothy Squires. Joël Matip Job Joël André Matip (born 8 August 1991) is a German-born professional footballer. He plays for Premier League club Liverpool and the Cameroon national team. He plays as a centre back. Career. Club. Matip was born in Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia. He started his professional career with Schalke 04 in 2009. He was part of the Schalke side that won the DFB-Pokal and DFL-Supercup in 2011. He made 258 competitive appearances and scored 23 goals for Schalke before moving to Liverpool on a free transfer in 2016. He won the UEFA Champions League with Liverpool, playing the full 90 minutes in the final in 2019. In the same game, he also assisted Divock Origi's goal in the 87th minute that saw Liverpool defeat Tottenham Hotspur 2–0. International. Matip was born and raised in Germany but chose to represent his father's birth country, Cameroon, at international level. He played for them at the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations and the FIFA World Cups of 2010 and 2014. He chose not to play for Cameroon at the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations. Honours. Schalke 04 Liverpool Maidenhead (UK Parliament constituency) Maidenhead is a constituency in the United Kingdom. The MP for Maidenhead is the former Prime Minister Theresa May. Ryan Phillippe Matthew Ryan Phillippe (born September 10, 1974) is an American actor. He played Billy Douglas in the soap opera "One Life to Live". He later became famous in the late 1990s with starring roles in the movies "I Know What You Did Last Summer" (1997), "54" (1998) and "Cruel Intentions" (1999). After 2000, he appeared in many movies, including "Gosford Park" (2001), "Crash" (2004), "Flags of Our Fathers" (2006), "Breach" (2007), "Stop-Loss" (2008), "MacGruber" (2010), "The Bang-Bang Club" (2010) and "The Lincoln Lawyer" (2011). He starred as Bob Lee Swagger in the lead role of the USA Network thriller drama "Shooter" (2016–2018). Phillippe was born in New Castle, Delaware. He was married to actress Reese Witherspoon from 1999 until their divorce in 2007. The couple have two children. He also has a daughter from a relationship with actress Alexis Knapp. Whitey Herzog Dorrel Norman Elvert "Whitey" Herzog (born November 9, 1931) is an American former baseball player and manager. He was born in New Athens, Illinois. He played as an outfielder and left-handed batter. He played for the Washington Senators (1956–58), Kansas City Athletics (1958–60), Baltimore Orioles (1961–62) and Detroit Tigers (1963). He later managed Texas Rangers (1973), California Angels (1974), Kansas City Athletics (1975–79) and St. Louis Cardinals (1980–90). He won the 1982 World Series during his time with the Cardinals. In 2010, Herzog was added to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. WonderCon WonderCon is an annual comic book, science fiction, and movie convention held in the San Francisco Bay Area, then - under the name WonderCon Anaheim - in Anaheim, California, and WonderCon Los Angeles in 2016. The convention returned to the Anaheim Convention Center in 2017 after a one-year stint in Los Angeles. Mark Giordano Mark Giordano (born October 3, 1983) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who was captain of the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL). He now plays for the Seattle Kraken. Lone Star, Kansas Lone Star is an unincorporated area in Douglas County, in the U.S. state of Kansas. It is southwest of Lawrence. History. The first people came in 1854. These people were mostly people who wanted slavery in Kansas. By 1860, many of these people left when Kansas was going to be an anti-slavery state. Lone Star Lake is close to Lone Star. The Civilian Conservation Corps built it in the 1930s. Stull, Kansas Stull is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Kansas, United States. It was created in 1857. It is about 7 miles west of Lawrence, and it's about 10 miles east of Topeka. The Stull Cemetery. The Stull Cemetery has rumors that it is haunted. These rumors involve Satan, the occult, and that the cemetery is a way to get into Hell. List of Pixar shorts Beginning with Pixar's second film "A Bug's Life", all subsequent Pixar feature films, except "Coco", have been shown in theaters along with a Pixar-created original short film, known as a "short." Other Pixar shorts, released only on home media, were created to showcase what Pixar has technologically in their works. Clinton, Kansas Clinton is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Kansas, United States. It is on a peninsula in Clinton Lake. History. Clinton was created in 1854. At that time, the town's name was Bloomington. In less than 8 months, there were 530 people living in the town. The people in Bloomington were very anti-slavery. They helped slaves run away using the Underground Railroad. In 1857, half of the town moved. The half that was left changed their name to Winchester. The town became incorporated on February 20, 1857, and they changed their name to Clinton. It is named after Clinton, Illinois. The post office in Clinton closed in 1927. Lone Star Lake Lone Star Lake is a lake in southwestern Douglas County, in the U.S. state of Kansas. It is 185 acre (75 ha) big. The lake is southwest of the unincorporated community of Lone Star, Kansas. Lone Star Lake is in Lone Star Lake Park. It has camping, fishing, picnic shelters, and a swimming beach. The lake and park are owned and operated by Douglas County. Tompall & the Glaser Brothers Tompall & the Glaser Brothers was an American country music group composed of three brothers: Chuck Glaser (February 27, 1936 – June 10, 2019), Jim (December 16, 1937 – April 6, 2019), and Tompall Glaser (September 3, 1933 – August 13, 2013). The Glaser Brothers started singing together at country fairs. In 1957 the group got their big break when they appeared on the "Arthur Godfrey's Talent Show" and attracted the attention of several well known country stars, including Marty Robbins. Tompall Glaser Thomas Paul "Tompall" Glaser (September 3, 1933 – August 12, 2013) was an American outlaw country music artist. He recorded as a solo artist and with his brothers Chuck and Jim in the trio Tompall & the Glaser Brothers. Glaser's highest-charting solo single was Shel Silverstein's "Put Another Log on the Fire", which peaked at No. 21 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles. Glaser died August 13, 2013 in Nashville, Tennessee, aged 79, after a long illness. Spalding, Nebraska Spalding is a village in Greeley County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 487 at the 2010 census. Karl Hurm Karl Hurm (December 29, 1930 – June 8, 2019) was a German contemporary painter. He was born in Haigerloch, Germany. He worked at the Haigerloch (Germany) from 1998 until his death in 2019. Hurm's paintings begun in the 1970s to a certain style; they are often referred to as "naïve art". Hurm died on June 8, 2019 at a hospital in Balingen, Germany at the age of 88. Haigerloch Haigerloch is a town in the north-western part of the Swabian Alb in Germany. Balingen Balingen is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Zollernalbkreis. It is located near the Swabian Alb. It is to the south of Tübingen, northeast of Villingen-Schwenningen, and southwest of Stuttgart. Domenico De Simone Domenico De Simone (31 May 1926 – 11 June 2019) was an Italian politician. He was a member of the Communist Party (PCI). He served as a Senator from 1976 to 1979. He was then elected to the Chamber of Deputies, serving from 1979 to 1983. De Simone was born in Torremaggiore and was the town's mayor between 1960 and 1976. De Simone died on 11 June 2019 in Torremaggiore, at the age of 93. Noel Lloyd Noel Lloyd (December 1946 – 7 June 2019) was a Welsh academic. He started his academic career at the University of Cambridge. He moved to Aberystwyth University in 1974 and became Professor of Mathematics. He served as vice-chancellor of Aberystwyth University from 2004 to 2011. After his retirement, he was elected to the Learned Society of Wales. Lloyd died on 7 June 2019, at the age of 72. Kamalamai Kamalamai is a municipality in Sindhuli District, in the Janakpur zone of central south Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 39,413 people in 9,304 households. The city is located in the Sindhuli Valley of central south Nepal. The historic symbol of the valley, Sindhuli Gadhi fort, is at the peak of a hill of the Mahabharata range. The city is in the plain valley made by the Kamla River. Kamalamai Municipality is the largest municipality of Nepal according to area. Podar Schools Podar Education Network is a network of private, co-educational schools in India. It is managed by the Podar Education Trust, with its head office in Mumbai. The organization has over 110 schools across India, making it one of the largest private education networks in India. The network prepares students for the Central Board for Secondary Education (CBSE), Council for Indian School Certificate Examinations (ICSE), Secondary School Certificate (SSC), IGCSE and International Baccalaureate (IB) examinations across the country. Damian Lewis Damian Watcyn Lewis (born 11 February 1971) is an English actor and movie producer. Lewis played U.S. Army Major Richard Winters in the HBO miniseries "Band of Brothers", U.S. Marine Sergeant Nicholas Brody in the Showtime series "Homeland", King Henry VIII in the BBC Two serial "Wolf Hall" and currently plays Bobby Axelrod in the Showtime series "Billions" (2016–present). For his role in "Homeland", he has earned a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award. Lewis has also appeared in movies such as "Stormbreaker" (2005), "The Baker" (2007), "Will" (2011), "Your Highness" (2011), "The Sweeney" (2012), "Queen of the Desert" (2015), "Once Upon a Time in Hollywood" (2019). Lewis was born in St John's Wood, London. He was married to actress Helen McCrory from 2007 until her death from cancer in 2021. The couple had two children. Lewis is a supporter of Liverpool Football Club. Velvel Pasternak Velvel Pasternak (October 1, 1933 – June 11, 2019) was a Canadian-born American musicologist, conductor, arranger, producer and publisher. He was born in Toronto, Ontario to immigrant parents from Poland. Pasternak studied at Juilliard School and Columbia University, and specialized in Jewish music. In 1981, "The New York Times Times" called him "largest publisher of Jewish music." He was the founder of Tara Publications. He was responsible for publishing 26 recordings and over 150 books of Jewish music starting in 1971. Pasternak died in New York City on June 11, 2019, at the age of 85. Philomena Lynott Philomena Lynott (22 October 1930 – 12 June 2019) was an Irish author and businesswoman. She was the mother of Thin Lizzy frontman Phil Lynott. She was known for her autobiography "My Boy". It documented the relationship between her and her son. She was the proprietor of the Clifton Grange Hotel, Manchester. Lynott criticised the US Republican Party for using Thin Lizzy's "The Boys Are Back in Town" as a promotional song. Lynott died on 12 June 2019, after suffering from lung cancer, aged 88. Billy McKee Billy McKee (; 12 November 1921 – 11 June 2019) was an Irish republican. He was a founding member and leader of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA). McKee became the first OC of the Provisional IRA Belfast Brigade. On 15 April 1971 McKee, along with Proinsias MacAirt, was arrested by the British Army when found in possession of a hand gun. He was charged and convicted for possession of the weapon and imprisoned in Crumlin Road Prison. McKee was released on 4 September 1974 and resumed his position as OC of the Belfast Brigade. McKee died on 11 June 2019, aged 97. His funeral took place on 15 June 2019 in west Belfast. Bob Harrison (basketball) Robert William Harrison (born August 12, 1927) is an American former professional basketball player. He played as a point guard and a shooting guard. He played nine seasons (1949–1958) in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Minneapolis Lakers, Milwaukee / St. Louis Hawks and Syracuse Nationals. He was a three-time NBA champion and an NBA All-Star in 1956. Harrison later coached basketball at Kenyon College and Harvard University. He was born in Toledo, Ohio. 1982 Stanley Cup Finals The 1982 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1981–82 season, and the culmination of the 1982 Stanley Cup playoffs. I Marine Expeditionary Force The I Marine Expeditionary Force is a Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) of the United States Marine Corps. Three units made up most of the Force. They are the 1st Marine Division, 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing, and 1st Marine Logistics Group. It is based at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton. I Marine Expeditionary Force is the largest of the three MEFs in the Marine Corps. The Force is commonly called the "Warfighting MEF" as it is constantly involved in major wars around the world. Lt. Gen. Joseph Osterman currently commands the Force. His deputy is Brig. Gen. Rick Uribe. Steve Watkins Steven Charles Watkins Jr. (born September 18, 1976) is an American veteran, politician and businessman. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives for Kansas' . He is a Republican. In July 2020, Watkins was charged with voter fraud by Shawnee County District Attorney. In August 2020, he lost his re-election primary campaign to Kansas State Treasurer Jake LaTurner. Jordi Sierra i Fabra Jordi Sierra i Fabra (born 26 July 1947 in Barcelona) is a Spanish author. His works for children's literature have been published in Spain and Latin America. He has also studied pop music since the late 1960s. He has founded and/or managed several journals, including"El Gran Musical", "Disco Exprés", "Popular 1" "Top Magazine". His writing has won many awards. Jordi Sierra i Fabra Go to navigationGo to search Commons-emblem-question book orange.svg This article or section has references, but needs more to supplement its verifiability. This notice was posted on June 7, 2018. Jordi Sierra i Fabra Jordi Sierra i Fabra.jpg Personal information Birth July 26, 1947 View and modify the data in Wikidata (74 years) Barcelona (Spain) View and modify the data on Wikidata Spanish nationality Professional information Occupation Writer, journalist, science fiction writer and children's literature writer View and edit data on Wikidata Years active 20th century, 21st century Spanish and Catalan literary language Genres Novel, short story, poetry, essay Notable works Strawberry fields Honors Néstor Luján Prize for Historical Novels (2004) National Prize for Children's and Young People's Literature (2007) Cervantes Chico Award (2011) View and modify the data in Wikidata [edit data on Wikidata] Jordi Sierra i Fabra (Barcelona, ​​July 26, 1947) is a Spanish writer. His works of children's and youth literature have been published in Spain and Latin America. He has also been a student of pop music since the late 1960s. He was one of the founders of Cadena Ser's program "El Gran Musical". Index 1 Biography 2 Jordi Sierra i Fabra Foundation 3 Works 3.1 Narrative and essay 3.1.1 Inspector Mascarell Series 3.2 History 3.3 Biographies 3.4 Poetry 3.5 Youth narrative 3.6 Others 4 Awards and distinctions (selection) 5 References 6 External links Biography With communication problems due to being a stutterer, he is a compulsive reader. At the age of eight he had a serious accident, and from the age of ten to twelve he wrote several hundred-page novels; At 15 he already had one of five hundred written. He finished school at sixteen and passed the high school bar in the summer of 1964. He suffered violent bullying from schoolyard bullies. He commented on his childhood and youth that "I was repressed three times: by my father, by the regime and by the Francoist school." 1 The Public Order Court booked him at age 21 for writing in a clandestine magazine and they took away his passport. He bribed a military man not to do military service. In October 1964 he went to work in construction by day and to study to be a rigger by night, in a night school, forced by his father. In the next six years he began to listen to the radio and save to buy rock records and learned English by ear. Thanks to the insistent twenty-page letters that he sent per week to the Radio Madrid program (Cadena SER) El Gran Musical, he managed to get him to commission him to make a magazine in 1968. He also published articles and collaborations in La Prensa de Barcelona and Nuevo Diario de Madrid . He then went on to direct the weekly Disco Exprés (1970-1978) and published his first book in 2345: 1962-72 Historia de la Música Pop, the first of its kind in Spain and widely sold. He collaborates in a large number of music magazines: Top Magazine, Extra etc. He had two sons. He was a founding member, editor and finally director of Popular 1 (1973-1976), a monthly rock magazine, and of Super Pop. In 1978 he was a finalist for the Planeta award, and in 1979 he received the Ateneo de Sevilla award. In 1981 he received his first Grand Angle Prize for youth literature, which he received again in 1983 and 1991; he has great success with Young Lennon, a youth bestseller. It is translated into Italian, German, French, Greek, Bulgarian, Portuguese, Slovak, Dutch, English, Japanese, etc. Some of his titles are adapted to film, television or theater. In 2002 a survey declared that he is the most widely read living author in schools in Spain. He is also in libraries. In 2012 he published My (first) 400 books. Literary memoirs of Jordi Sierra i Fabra. 2 An expert in children's literature, he has published a total of 527 books up to the current year 2021. His last novel, Like Tears in the Rain, won the Lazarillo Prize.3 Jordi Sierra i Fabra Foundation The Jordi Sierra i Fabra Foundation of Barcelona, ​​inaugurated in 2004, is a private, non-profit entity financed by its promoter, with the primary objective of helping young writers at the beginning of their literary career, in addition to promoting the pleasure of writing. reading as an essential vehicle for training. This foundation annually awards the Jordi Sierra i Fabra Literary Prize for young people. Plays Narrative and essay The World of the Golden Rats - Ed. Marte 1975 The revolution of the 32 of Tricembre - Ed. ATE 1976 Plot in Madrid - Ed. Nes Heres 1978 Tears of blood Terror and Death in the World Cups - Heres Publications 1978 Asylum - Ed. ATE 1978 The sun has set in the Canary Islands - Planet 1979 Our daily roll - Ed. ATE 1980 Crazy Planet - Ed. ATE 1981 The Night - Ed. Clip 1991 The rain dogs - Plaza & Janés 1991 Unitat de plaer - Column 1993 The return of Johnny Pickup - Espasa Calpe 1 Massachusetts Street Massachusetts Street (also called Mass Street) is the main street in downtown Lawrence. It starts slightly south of the Kansas River. It ends at Haskell Indian Nations University. People named it Massachusetts Street because many people from Lawrence came from Massachusetts. Kansas River The Kansas River, also known as the Kaw, is a river in northeastern Kansas in the United States. Wakarusa River The Wakarusa River is a tributary of the Kansas River. It is about long. It is in eastern Kansas in the United States. It is south of Topeka and Lawrence. Pervis Ellison Pervis Ellison (born April 3, 1967) is an American former professional basketball player. Ellison earned the nickname "Never Nervous Pervis" due to his play at the University of Louisville, including leading the Cardinals to the 1986 national championship. A highly touted draft prospect, he played for four teams from 1989 to 2000 during a relatively disappointing career in the NBA. Herb White Herbert Thomas White (born June 15, 1948) is a former professional basketball player. Due to his unique leaping ability as well as his hometown, he is nicknamed the "Elevator from Decatur". White played 38 games for the 1970-71 Atlanta Hawks. Sylvia Miles Sylvia Miles (September 9, 1924 – June 12, 2019) was an American actress. She was born in Greenwich Village, New York City. She was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her roles in "Midnight Cowboy" (1969) and "Farewell, My Lovely" (1975). She also starred as Mrs. Fisher in the comedy "She-Devil" (1989). Miles died on June 12, 2019 in Manhattan at the age of 94. She was suffering from anemia and respiratory illnesses at the time of her death. Wim Betz Willem (Wim) Betz (22 February 1943 – 8 June 2019) was a Belgian physician. He was a professor emeritus at the Belgian university Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) until November 2007. Betz was a leading skeptic in Flanders and participant in the "EU COST B4 Project". He was a founding member and vice-president of the Belgian skeptic organisation SKEPP. Betz died on 8 June 2019 at the age of 76. Sarah Nicole Jones Sarah Nicole Jones is an American TV writer and producer. Career. First serving as a writer's assistant on SyFy's "Eureka", Jones eventually became a staff writer for "". , Jones is currently a producer for "". Armand De Decker Armand De Decker (8 October 1948 – 12 June 2019) was a Belgian politician. He was a member of the French-speaking liberal party Mouvement réformateur (MR). De Decker was President of the Senate from 1999 to 2004 and again from 2007 to 2010. De Decker was Mayor of Uccle until 2017. He was born in Brussels. De Decker died on 12 June 2019 in Uccle at the age of 70. Léon Kalenga Badikebele Léon Kalenga Badikebele (17 July 1956 – 12 June 2019) was a Congolese prelate of the Catholic Church. He worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See. He held the rank of Apostolic Nuncio from 2008 until his death and was Nuncio to Argentina from 2018 until his death in June 2019. He was born in Kamina, Haut-Lomami, then in the Belgian Congo. Badikebele died on 12 June 2019 from a long-illness at the age of 62. 2019–20 Hong Kong protests The 2019-20 Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protests were caused by the Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019 proposed by the Government of Hong Kong. Many protests were held in Hong Kong and other cities around the world, protesting against the bill, People worried that the bill would cause the city to open itself up to the reach of mainland Chinese law and that people from Hong Kong could become subject to a different legal system. Various protests have been launched in Hong Kong by the general public and legal communities. Among these, the 9 June protest organised by the Civil Human Rights Front (CHRF), had 1.03 million people protest on the streets. Protests in other places were also launched by overseas Hongkongers and locals. Despite the widespread demonstrations, the government initially insisted on the bill's passage, saying that the bill was urgent and that the legal loophole should be fixed. On 15 June 2019, Carrie Lam announced the suspension of the bill. On 4 September, Lam promised that the bill would be withdrawn when the Legislative Council started again in October. The government formally withdrew the bill on 23 October. 2019 Danish general election General elections were held in Denmark on 5 June 2019 to elect all 179 members of the Folketing; 175 in Denmark proper, two in the Faroe Islands and two in Greenland. The elections took place ten days after the European Parliament elections. Dermatophyllum Dermatophyllum is a genus of three or four species of shrubs and small trees. It in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family, Fabaceae. Members of the genus are known as mescalbean, mescal bean or frijolito. Its relationships have been somewhat controversial. It Is often treated as being in the genus "Sophora". Suskityrannus Suskityrannus is an early Tyrannosaurid, informally known as "Zunityrannus" until 2019. It lived in New Mexico 92 million years ago. The type specimen was found in the Turonian-age (Upper Cretaceous) Moreno Hill Formation of the Zuni Basin in western New Mexico. Ashleigh Barty Ashleigh Barty (born 24 April 1996) is an Australian professional tennis player and former cricketer. She is currently ranked world No. 1 in singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA). She is the second Australian WTA singles No. 1 after fellow Australian player Evonne Goolagong Cawley. Barty has won five singles titles and ten doubles titles on the WTA Tour. Of her wins, she has won one Grand Slam singles title at the 2019 French Open and one Grand Slam doubles title at the 2018 US Open with partner CoCo Vandeweghe. She also won Wimbledon singles in 2021. Barty was born in Ipswich, Queensland and grew up in Springfield, Queensland. She has an Indigenous Australian background through her father. Deaths in December 2016 The following is a list of notable deaths in December 2016. Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence: Diane Baker Diane Carol Baker (born February 25, 1938) is an American actress, producer and educator. She started her acting career in 1959. She has starred in many movies including "The Diary of Anne Frank" (1959), "Journey to the Center of the Earth" (1959), "The Prize" (1963), "Marnie" (1964), "The Silence of the Lambs" (1991) and "The Cable Guy" (1996). She has appeared in television series such as "The Virginian", "Here We Go Again", "Columbo" and "House". Baker was born in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. Bernie Taupin Bernard John “Bernie” Taupin (born 22 May 1950) is an English-American songwriter, poet and lyricist. He was born in Sleaford, Lincolnshire, and is best known for his long-term partnership with Elton John, having written the lyrics for most of John's songs. Taupin has also worked with Alice Cooper and Willie Nelson. Notable works by Taupin and John include the songs "Rocket Man", "Levon", "Crocodile Rock", "Tiny Dancer", "Candle in the Wind", "Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting", "Goodbye Yellow Brick Road", "Mona Lisas and Mad Hatters", "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me", "Daniel", "Your Song", "I'm Still Standing", "I Guess That's Why They Call It The Blues", "Sacrifice", "The One", "Simple Life", "The Last Song", "Club at the End of the Street" and "Believe". In September 1997, he rewrote the lyrics of "Candle in the Wind" for "Candle in the Wind 1997", a tribute to the late Diana, Princess of Wales. In 1992, Taupin and John were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 2005, he was awarded the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song for "A Love That Will Never Grow Old" for the movie "Brokeback Mountain". He was played by Jamie Bell in the biopic movie "Rocketman" (2019). Taupin has been married four times and divorced three times. He has been married to Heather Kidd since 2004. The couple have two children. Nursultan Nursultan may refer to: Illumination (company) Illumination (formerly known as Illumination Entertainment) is an American movie and animation studio founded by Chris Meledandri in 2007 and owned by Universal Pictures, a division of NBCUniversal. NBCUniversal is a division of Comcast. New Jersey Department of Transportation The New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) controls transportation in New Jersey. NJDOT maintains the State's road system, making policies and solving problems. It is headed by the "Commissioner of Transportation", who is now Diane Gutierrez-Scaccetti. History. The New Jersey Department of Transportation was made in 1966. It was the first State transportation agency in the United States. Its rail division was made in 1979, at the same time as New Jersey Transit. NJDOT has been removing many traffic circles in New Jersey since the late 1970s. What NJDOT does. Roads. NJDOT controls 2,316 miles of roads in New Jersey. All major roads in New Jersey are controlled by NJDOT, except for the New Jersey Turnpike, the Garden State Parkway, and Interstate bridges and tunnels. Railroads. The NJDOT has also supported passenger trains in New Jersey since the 1960s. It has bought many other railroad companies from that time onwards. NJDOT is a member of the Northeast Corridor Commission. Controlling traffic. NJDOT has a Traffic Management Center in Woodbridge, New Jersey. It is home to the New Jersey State Police and the New Jersey Turnpike Authority. The center looks after the resources in New Jersey whenever there are big incidents all day. JDSU JDS Uniphase Corporation (JDSU) was an Ottawa company that made fibre-optic network parts. Over 10,000 people worked for them in Ottawa and 30,000 world-wide. JDS Fitel was founded by Jozef Straus in 1981. Straus, an engineer, also worked at Bell-Northern Research. In August 2015, JDSU split into two different companies: Viavi Solutions and Lumentum Holdings. Daemonologie Daemonologie—in full Daemonologie, In Forme of a Dialogue, Divided into three Books: By the High and Mighty Prince, James &c.—was written and published in 1597 by King James VI of Scotland (later also James I of England). It is a medieval philosophy that discusses the relationship between ancient necromancy and the ancient black magic that was popular during the Middle Ages. It also touches on topics such as werewolves and vampires. This book is believed to be one of the main sources used by William Shakespeare in the production of "Macbeth". Shade-loving plants In ecology, shade tolerance refers to a plant's ability to grow with low light levels. The term is also used in gardening and landscaping. Sometimes called "shade-loving" plants, they can be grown without a lot of sunshine. Most urban gardeners must find plants that will grow in partial or full shade.The following plants are known to be shade-loving: List of Korean surnames This is a list of Korean family names, in Hangul alphabetical order. Note: (S) means South Korea. (N) means North Korea. The most common of these names is Kim, followed by Lee and Park. These three family names are held by around half of the ethnic Korean population. , 286 Korean family names were in use. Edith González Edith González Fuentes (10 December 1964 – 13 June 2019) was a Mexican actress and dancer. She started her career as a child actress. She went on to appear in nearly 40 telenovelas, including "Sí, mi amor", "Bianca Vidal" and "Doña Bárbara". She also starred in 18 movies. Her final acting role was in the telenovela "3 familias" in 2018. González was born in Monterrey, Nuevo León. She married Lorenzo Lazo Margáin in 2010. She had a daughter, born in 2004, fathered by Santiago Creel. In 2016, González was diagnosed with stage IV ovarian cancer. She died of the disease on 13 June 2019 in Mexico City. She was 54. Australians for Constitutional Monarchy Australians for Constitutional Monarchy (ACM) is a group that aims to maintain Australia's current constitutional monarchy, with Elizabeth II as Queen of Australia. The group states that it is a non-partisan, not-for-profit organisation whose role is "To preserve, to protect and to defend our heritage: the Australian constitutional system, the role of the Crown in it and our Flag". Wilhelm Wieben Wilhelm Wieben (2 June 1935 – 13 June 2019) was a German journalist, actor and author. He is known for presenting "Tagesschau" between 1973 and 1998, the most watched daily television news program in Germany. He also worked as a journalist for Radio Bremen. He also wrote books in Low German. Wieben appeared in the Falco song "Jeanny" reading a news broadcast. Wieben was born in Hennstedt, Dithmarschen. He came out as gay in a 1995 interview. He died in Hamburg on 13 June 2019, at the age of 84. Istanbul University Istanbul University () is a Turkish university in Istanbul. The main campus is close to Beyazıt Square in Fatih, the capital district of the province, on the European side of the city. Gar Gars (or garpike) are a type of ray-finned fish. Gars have long bodies that are heavily armoured with scales. Their long jaws have long, sharp teeth. All gars are relatively large fish. Some have been reported to be in length. However, they typically grow to and weigh over . They are carnivores which eat other fish. There are seven species of living gars. Their peak period was in the early Mesozoic. Once worldwide, they are now confined to the Americas. Unusually, their swim bladders can function as lungs. Most gars surface once in while to take a gulp of air. Gar flesh is edible and the hard skin and scales of gars are used by humans. However, their eggs are highly toxic. Classification. Gars are the family Lepisosteidae. This is the only living family in the order Lepisosteiformes. Most fish are teleosts, but gars are Holostei. Igor Solopov Igor Solopov (17 April 1961 – 12 June 2019) was an Estonian table tennis player. He was born in Magnitogorsk, Russian SFSR. He competed for Estonia in the men's singles event at the 1992 Summer Olympics. Solopov competed at seven World Table Tennis Championships. He also won a bronze medal with the Soviet men's team at the 1978 European Table Tennis Championships. Solopov's death on 12 June 2019 was announced by the Table Tennis Federation of Russia. He was 58. Exodusters Exodusters were a name given to African Americans who moved from states that were along the Mississippi River to Kansas. This happened in the late 1800s. It was called the Exoduster movement or the Exodus of 1879. It was the first migration of black people after the American Civil War. About 40,000 black people moved from the south to Kansas, Oklahoma, and Colorado. Black people moved from the south because they were treated very bad. They were running away from groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the White League, and they were running away from black codes and Jim Crow laws. They were treated like second-class citizens. This was during Reconstruction. Lover (Taylor Swift album) Lover is the seventh studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It is set to be released on August 23, 2019, by Republic Records and Taylor Swift Productions. The first single, "Me!", was released on April 26, 2019. Swift revealed the album's name and release date via Instagram on June 13, 2019. She also announced the second single "You Need to Calm Down", released June 14, 2019. The first promotional single "The Archer", released on July 23, 2019, followed by the title track ("Lover") on August 16. History of Kansas The first people who lived in Kansas were Native Americans who were nomadic (people who don't live in one place for very long). They hunted American bison. In the 1500s, Spanish conquistadores came to explore the place. Later, French fur trappers came to the area. They traded with the Native Americans. The United States added most of Kansas in the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. In 1854, the Kansas-Nebraska Act opened the place for Americans to move there. A lot of fighting happened because the new residents had to decide if they wanted slavery. The new residents decided to make slavery illegal. The fighting helped start the American Civil War. After the Civil War, Kansas had many frontier towns. The railroads were stops for cattle drives from Texas. Many black people moved from the south to Kansas. These people were called "exodusters". Farmers tried growing corn and raising pigs, but there was little rain, so they were not able to. They started growing wheat. They became very good at growing wheat, and they had enough to trade with Europe. Many angry farmers joined the Populist and Progressive movement in the 1890s, and they supported it until the 1940s. Since the 1940s, Kansas has been a very conservative state. Since 1945, the number of farmers has lowered, and manufacturing has become more popular. Before history. In 12000 BCE, the first people came to Kansas. These people were paleolithic people who were related to Asians. Once they came, they never left. They saw mammoths, camels, ground sloths, and horses. They hunted these animals until they were extinct. Because the big game they had been hunting died out, the people had started eating more plants and small animals. They foraged during the season across the plains. In order to get more food, they started being less nomadic. This means that they decided to stay in one place for a longer time. The groups did not stop hunting, but they also ate wild plants and small animals. Their tools became different. Their tools started being able to grind and chop. This means that seeds, fruits, and plants became a bigger part of their diet. They would grind seeds into rough flour. Around 3500BCE, the people started making ceramics. Pottery-making societies started. Agriculture begins. For most of the Archaic period, people did not change the land in any big way. The groups outside the area, particularly in Mesoamerica, started major inventions. These inventions would include growing maize. Other groups in North America also started growing maize as well. Some archaic groups stopped being food gatherers (people who look for food). Instead, they started being food producers (people who grow food) around 3,000 years ago. They also had many of the cultural things that are seen with semi-sedentary agricultural life: storage containers, permanent housing, bigger settlements, and cemeteries or burial grounds. People in the northern part of Kansas lived in small buildings made out of dirt; they were shaped like a rectangle. People in the southern part of Kansas lived in houses with thatched grass all over them. There were more people being born, and they lived in villages. El Quartelejo was an Indian pueblo that was the farthest north. This settlement is the only pueblo in Kansas from which archaeologists have found anything. Even though the groups started farming, they still did not do much to change their environment. Wild food was still an important part of their diet even after the invention of pottery and the creation of irrigation. Agriculture never made them stop hunting and foraging, even in the biggest Archaic societies. Early Europeans. In 1541, Francisco Vázquez de Coronado came to Kansas to explore. He turned around near Lindsborg, Kansas. He met some of the local Native Americans. He gave them horses. The Native Americans started changing their lifestyle because of the horses. In the 1600s, the Kansa people and the Osage Nation came to Kansas. The Kansa people lived near the Kansas River, and the Osage Nation lived near the Arkansas River. The Pawnee people lived in western Kansas. The Pawnee lived in western Kansas because there were a lot of bison. The French commander at Fort Orleans, Étienne de Bourgmont, visited the Kansas River in 1724. He built a trading post there. This was near the main Kansa village at the mouth of the river. Around the same time, the Otoe tribe of the Sioux also lived in areas around the northeast corner of Kansas. Louisiana Purchase. Other than short explorations, neither France nor Spain created any cities in Kansas. In 1763, Spain got all of the French land west of the Mississippi River. This was because France lost the Seven Years' War. Spain gave this land back to France in 1803. In 1803, Kansas was added to the United States as land from the Louisiana Purchase. The Lewis and Clark Expedition started in St. Louis. In 1804, they came to Kansas in what is today Kansas City, Kansas. They met French fur trappers who knew the land well. In 1806, explorer Zebulon Pike came to Kansas. He called it the "Great American Desert" because it had no trees or plants. The U.S. government saw Kansas as a desert too, so they sent Native Americans to it. They believed it was not good land, so they didn't care if Native Americans were sent there. From June 4, 1812 until August 10, 1821, the land was part of the Missouri Territory. Missouri became a state, so the land became unorganized. It had no people living in it except for Fort Leavenworth. The Fort was created in 1827 by Henry Leavenworth with the 3rd U.S Infantry from St. Louis, Missouri; it is the first permanent European settlement in Kansas. The fort was created as the westernmost outpost of the American military. It was created to protect trade along the Santa Fe Trail from Native Americans. The trade came from the East. It came either by land using the Boone's Lick Road, or by water using the Missouri River. Part of the Santa Fe Trail went through Kansas. It was used by people who were on the Oregon Trail. 1820s-1840s: Indian Territory. In the 1820s, the U.S. government gave the land to the Native Americans as Indian Territory. They did not let white people come to the territory. On June 3, 1825, the U.S. government took 20 million acres of land (81000 km²) from the Kansa people. The Kansa people had to stay on a small amount of land in northeastern Kansas. The U.S. government also made the Osage Nation live in a small amount of land in southeastern Kansas. By a treaty on November 7, 1825, the Shawnee people were moved to Kansas. By a treaty on September 29, 1829, the Delaware people were moved to Kansas. The Indian Removal Act made this faster. By a treaty on August 30, 1831, the Ottawa people were moved to a small part of Kansas. On October 24, 1832, the Kickapoo people were moved to Kansas. On October 29, 1832, the Piankeshaw and Wea people were moved to Kansas. To their east was the western border of Missouri, and to their west was the Kaskaskia and Peoria people. On September 21, 1833, the Otoe people were moved to Kansas. By September 17, 1836, the Sac and Fox people moved to Kansas, north of the Kickapoo. By a treaty on February 11, 1837, the United States moved the Pottawatomi people to Kansas. They were moved to the Osage River, which is southwest of the Missouri River. The land was in the southwest part of what is now Miami County. After a treaty in 1842, the Wyandot people were moved to an area between the Kansas River and the Missouri River. They shared the land with the Delaware people until 1843. Early 1850s and organizing the territory. Even though there were plans made to settle Native Americans in Kansas, by 1850 white Americans were illegally squatting on their land. They really wanted the entire area to be opened for settlement. Several U.S. Army forts, including Fort Riley, were soon created deep in Indian Territory to guard travelers on the various Western trails. Although the Cheyenne and Arapahoes tribes were still discussing with the United States for land in western Kansas (the current state of Colorado), they signed a treaty on September 17, 1851. Momentum was already building to settle the land. Kansas–Nebraska Act. Congress started the process of creating Kansas Territory in 1852. That year, petitions were given at the first session of the 32nd Congress to organize territory of the land west of Missouri and Iowa. Nothing happened at that time. However, during the next session, on December 13, 1852, a Representative from Missouri submitted to the House of Representatives a bill. This bill would organize the Territory of Platte: all the land west of Iowa and Missouri, and going west to the Rocky Mountains. The bill was given to the United States House Committee on Territories. It passed by the full U.S. House of Representatives on February 10, 1853. However, Southern Senators stopped the progress of the bill in the Senate. They did this to discuss how the bill would affect slavery and the Missouri Compromise. Arguments about the bill and other ideas would continue for a year. The Kansas–Nebraska Act was eventually created because of this. It became law on May 30, 1854, creating the Nebraska Territory and Kansas Territory. Native American territory given away. By the summer of 1853, it was clear that eastern Kansas would soon be opened to American settlers. The Commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs created new treaties that would give new reservations with yearly federal money for the Native Americans. In the three months before the bill passed, treaties were written at Washington with the Delaware, Otoe, Kickapoo, Kaskaskia, Shawnee, Sac, Fox and other tribes, where the biggest part of eastern Kansas, which was within one or two hundred miles of the Missouri border, was suddenly opened to white settlement. (The Kansa reservation had already been made smaller by treaty in 1846.) On March 15, 1854, Otoe and Missouri Indians gave all their lands west of the Mississippi, except a small strip on the Big Blue River, to the United States. On May 6 and May 10, 1854, the Shawnees gave away , keeping only for homes. Also on May 6, 1854, the Delaware gave all their lands to the United States, except a reservation defined in the treaty. On May 17, the Iowa gave away their lands, keeping only a small reservation. On May 18, 1854, the Kickapoo also gave away their lands, except in the western part of the Territory. In 1854 lands were also given by the Kaskaskia, Peoria, Piankeshaw and Wea and by the Sac and Fox. The final step in making the Natives more American was taking land from tribes and giving it to Native households. This was so they could buy and sell as European Americans would. For example, in 1854, the Chippewa (Swan Creek and Black River bands) lived of land in Franklin County, but in 1859 the area was given to individual Chippewa families. Kansas Territory. The Kansas-Nebraska Act passed on May 30, 1854, and it created the Kansas Territory. It went from the western border of Missouri to the Rocky Mountains. The southern border was the 37th parallel north, and the northern border was the 40th parallel north. Anything north of the 40th parallel was part of the Nebraska Territory. When Congress set the southern border of the Kansas Territory as the 37th parallel, they thought that the Osage southern border was also the 37th parallel. The Cherokees disagreed. They said that it was not the correct border. They said that the border of Kansas should be moved north to make room for the actual border of the Cherokee land. This became known as the Cherokee Strip controversy. Before Violence. In the Kansas-Nebraska Act, it said that people living in the territories could vote on whether or not to have slavery. It undid the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which did not allow slavery in any new states created north of latitude 36°30'. This led to violence between people from the North and people from the South. They both tried to quickly move to Kansas to control it. In a few days after the law passed, hundreds of people from Missouri moved to Kansas. These people wanted slavery. They created a group called the "Squatter's Claim Association" on June 10, 1854. They said that they were going to make Kansas a slave state. The New England Emigrant Aid Company said they were going to make Kansas a free state. From 1854 to 1855, they sent many anti-slavery people (called "free-staters") to Kansas. They were important in creating Lawrence, Topeka, and Manhattan. Other anti-slavery people came from Ohio, Iowa, Illinois, and other states. Bleeding Kansas. For a while, there was not much violence. This changed on March 30, 1855. The elections happened this day. Many pro-slavery people from Missouri came to Kansas to vote for pro-slavery people. Pro-slavery people won many elections that day. Pro-slavery people controlled the Kansas government. From 1855 to 1858, there was a lot of fighting in Kansas. This was called "Bleeding Kansas," and it happened shortly before the American Civil War. Battles include the Wakarusa War, the Sacking of Lawrence, the Battle of Black Jack, the Battle of Osawatomie, and the Marais des Cygnes massacre. On December 1, 1855, many pro-slavery people came to Lawrence. These pro-slavery people were led by Samuel J. Jones. These people had guns. They wanted to destroy Lawrence because it was anti-slavery. The people of Lawrence were ready to defend the city. Before any fighting happened, Territorial Governor Wilson Shannon made a treaty to stop the fighting. On May 21, 1856, pro-slavery people came to Lawrence, and they attacked the city. They burned the Free-State Hotel to the ground, destroyed two printing presses, and robbed homes. Only one person died, but the city was destroyed. The Pottawatomie massacre happened during the night of May 24 to the morning of May 25, 1856. In what seems to be a reaction to the Sacking of Lawrence, John Brown and a group of abolitionists killed five settlers. They believed these settlers were pro-slavery. This happened north of Pottawatomie Creek in Franklin County, Kansas. Brown later said that he did not take part in the killings during the Pottawatomie massacre, but that he did approve of them. He went into hiding after the killings. Two of his sons, John Jr. and Jason, were arrested. While they were arrested, they were allegedly treated poorly. This made John Jr. mentally hurt. On June 2, Brown led a successful attack on a group of Missourians. The Missourians were led by Captain Henry Pate. This happened in the Battle of Black Jack. Pate and his men had went into Kansas to capture Brown and others. That Fall, Brown went back into hiding and did other guerrilla warfare activities. Territory Constitutions. The anti-slavery and pro-slavery people tried to win by writing a constitution that would make the other side lose. Anti-slavery people would try to write a constitution that made slavery illegal, and pro-slavery people would try to write a constitution that would make slavery legal. Congress would decide which one to choose. Topeka Constitution. On November 11, 1855, free-staters wrote the Topeka Constitution. The constitution made slavery illegal. They voted for the constitution on December 15, 1855, and they sent it to Congress in March 1856. It passed the House of Representatives, but it failed in the Senate. This was because the Senate had many pro-slavery people in it. Lecompton Constitution. On November 7, 1857, pro-slavery people wrote the Lecompton Constitution. The constitution allowed slavery, but there was a vote on it. Both pro-slavery and anti-slavery people tried to stop the votes and the constitution. Eventually, it was sent to Congress. It failed in Congress because they were not able to decide if the people actually liked it. Leavenworth Constitution. A very anti-slavery legislature wrote the Leavenworth Constitution on April 3, 1858. On May 18, 1858, the people of Kansas voted for it. This constitution made slavery illegal, and it also gave more rights to women. It failed in Congress. All of this happened while the Lecompton Constitution was being written. Wyandotte Constitution. On July 29, 1859, the Wyandotte Constitution was written. The people of Kansas voted for it on October 4, 1859. This constitution made slavery illegal, but it did not have the rights for women (unlike the Leavenworth Constitution). Kansas became a free state on January 29, 1861. End of violence. When the Wyandotte Constitution was being written, pro-slavery people knew they had lost. When the pro-slavery people realized this and when John Brown left the state, the violence in Kansas stopped in 1859. State. Kansas became the 34th state on January 29, 1861. There were many important events that happened in Kansas during the 1860s. Kansas was in the Civil War, there were cattle drives, early prohibition, and the start of the American Indian Wars in western Kansas. Civil War. The Wyandotte Constitution made Kansas a free state. The people of Kansas liked the Union. Kansas stayed in the Union. Pro-slavery people still attacked Kansas. Many of these pro-slavery people were from Missouri. At the start of the Civil War, Kansas had no official army. They had no weapons or supplies. In 1859 and 1860, the military in Kansas were not used. They simply stopped. There were 29 Confederate attacks on Kansas. The worst was Quantrill's Raid in Lawrence in 1863. It was a response to many "Jayhawker" attacks on Missouri. Lawrence Massacre. After Union Brigadier General Thomas Ewing, Jr. ordered to put women in prison who had gave aid to Confederate guerrillas, the jail's roof fell. This killed five people. These deaths made the guerrillas in Missouri angry. On August 21, 1863, William Quantrill led Quantrill's Raid into Lawrence. He burned much of the city. They killed over 150 men and boys. Quantrill said the attack was okay to do because it would revenge for any bad things that the jayhawkers did to the Southerners. Baxter Springs. The Battle of Baxter Springs (sometimes called the Baxter Springs Massacre) was a small battle in the War. It happened on October 6, 1863, near the modern-day town of Baxter Springs, Kansas. The Battle of Mine Creek, also known as the Battle of the Osage, was a cavalry battle. It happened in Kansas during the war. Marais des Cygnes. On October 25, 1864, the Battle of Marais des Cygnes happened in Linn County, Kansas. This Battle of Trading Post was between Major General Sterling Price and Union forces under Major General Alfred Pleasonton. Price was pushed out by Union forces. This was after he had run away from Kansas City due to a defeat. Indian Wars in Kansas. Fort Larned (central Kansas) was built in 1859 as a base of military operations against hostile Native Americans of the Central Plains. It was also built to protect traffic along the Santa Fe Trail. After 1861, it became an agency for the administration of the Central Plains Indians by the Bureau of Indian Affairs under the terms of the Fort Wise Treaty of 1861. Kansas Pacific railroad. In 1863, the Union Pacific Eastern Division (renamed the Kansas Pacific in 1869) was created by the United States Congress's Pacific Railway Act. It was created to create the southern part of the transcontinental railroad alongside the Union Pacific. Pacific Railway Act also created large land grants to the railroad along its mainline. The company started construction on its main line west from Kansas City in September 1863. Many railroads were planned after the Civil War, but not all were actually built. The Panic of 1873 made it difficult to fund. Land speculators and local boosters identified many potential towns. Towns that were reached by the railroad had a chance, while the others became ghost towns. In Kansas, nearly 5000 towns were mapped out. However, by 1970 only 617 were actually used. In the mid-20th century, closeness to an interstate exchange determined whether town would survive or struggle. Cattle drives. After the Civil War, railroads did not go to Texas. Instead, they brought their cattle to Kansas. Once in Kansas, the cattle would be sent on a train going east on the Kansas Pacific Railway. In 1871, Wild Bill Hickok became marshal of Abilene, Kansas. He fought John Wesley Hardin there. After Hickok disarmed him, he ran away. Hickok was also a deputy marshal at Fort Riley. He was also a marshal at Hays in the Wild West. In the 1880s at Greensburg, Kansas, a big well was built to get water for the Santa Fe and Rock Island railroads. It is deep and in diameter. This makes it one of the world's biggest hand-dug wells. Coronado, Kansas was created in 1885. It was involved in one of the bloodiest county seat fights in the history of the American West. The shoot-out on February 27, 1887 left many people dead and wounded. Exodusters. In 1879, many black people left southern states and came to Kansas. They came because there was cheap land and better treatment. These people were called exodusters. They created small towns in Kansas like Nicodemus, Kansas in 1877. Prohibition. On February 19, 1881, Kansas became the first state to make alcohol illegal. This started with the temperance movement. After 1890, prohibition and progressivism came together. This created a reform movement. This movement led to four reformist governors being elected from 1905 to 1919. Those governors wanted extreme prohibitionist laws. Kansas did not make alcohol legal again until 1948. Kansas did not allow public bars to be legal until 1987. Kansas did not allow people to buy alcohol on Sundays until 2005. Many cities still do not allow that. 29 counties in Kansas are considered "dry." Farming. Environment. Early residents found that Kansas was not the "Great American Desert". However, they found that the weather and environment of Kansas can be very difficult to live in. Tornadoes, blizzards, droughts, hail, floods, and grasshoppers made it difficult to grow crops. Many early residents lost a lot of money trying to be a farmer in Kansas. In the 1890s, many of these people joined the Populist movement, or they moved east. In the 20th century, new technology, crop insurance, and help from the federal government made farming easier. Many immigrants (many of which were German) came to Kansas in the 20th century. They came because they heard Kansas had good dirt, cheap land, and they could get 160 acres of land to keep for free (if they were American citizens). Farm life. Very few single men worked on a farm alone. Farmers understood the need for a hard-working wife and many children, to handle the many chores, including child-rearing, feeding and clothing the family, managing the housework, feeding the hired hands, and handling the paperwork and financial details (especially after the 1930s). In the late 19th century, farm women were important in keeping the family going by working outdoors. After a generation or so, women started leaving the fields. This changed their roles within the family. New technology such as sewing and washing machines made women play domestic roles. The scientific housekeeping movement was promoted across the land by the media and government extension agents. It was also promoted by county fairs which showed achievements in home cookery and canning, advice columns for women in the farm newspapers, and home economics courses in the schools. There was an idea that farm life on the prairies was lonely, but rural people had a social life. They often had activities that combined work, food, and entertainment such as barn raisings, corn huskings, quilting bees, Grange meeting, church activities, and school functions. The women organized shared meals and potluck events. They also had visits between families. Agriculture manufacturing. In 1947, Lyle Yost created the Hesston Manufacturing Company. The company specialized in farm equipment. The type of equipment included self-propelled windrowers and the StakHand hay harvester. In 1974, Hesston Company commissioned its first belt buckles, which became popular on the rodeo circuit and with collectors. In 1991, the American-based equipment manufacturer, AGCO Corporation, bought Hesston Corporation. Farm equipment is still manufactured in the city. 1890s. In 1896 William Allen White, editor of the "Emporia Gazette", got national attention after criticizing William Jennings Bryan, the Democrats, and the Populists. He did that by writing an article called "What's the Matter With Kansas?" White criticized Populist leaders for letting Kansas go into economic stagnation. He also criticized them for not keeping Kansas up economically with nearby states. he said the reason was because their policies were anti-business, and that it scared away economic capital from the state. The Republicans sent out hundreds of thousands of copies of the article. They did this to support William McKinley during the 1896 United States presidential election. McKinley won the small towns and cities of the state. However, Bryan won the wheat farms and won the electoral vote, even though McKinley won the national vote. 20th century. Progressive era. Kansas was a big part of the progressive movement. It has a lot of support from the middle classes, editors such as William Allen White of the "Emporia Gazette", and the prohibitionists of the WCTU and the Methodist Church. In 1915, the El Dorado Oil Field was the first oil field that was found using science/geologic mapping. It was around the city of El Dorado. It was part of the Mid-Continent oil province. By 1918, the El Dorado Oil Field was the largest single field producer in the United States. It was responsible for 12.8% of national oil production and 9% of the world production. Some said it was as "the oil field that won World War I". Between 1922 and 1927, there were many legal battles with the KKK. This led to the KKK no longer being in Kansas. The Flag of Kansas was created in 1925. Great Depression. The Dust Bowl was a lot of dust storms that happened from 1930 to 1941. This was caused by a drought. The price of wheat lowered a lot, which cause a lot of farmers to leave. Because this was during the Great Depression, many unemployed men from the cities came to Kansas to work on farms. Kansas was part of New Deal programs like Civil Works Administration, the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, the Civilian Conservation Corps, and the Works Progress Administration. These programs helped employ many Kansas men. The most important were New Deal farm programs. Those programs raised the price of wheat, and it allowed economic growth by 1936. Republican Governor Alf Landon also did emergency programs. It included a balanced budget goal. The Agricultural Adjustment Administration succeeded in raising wheat prices after 1933. This helped get rid of the biggest problems economically. World War II. The most important things Kansas did to help the war effort was provide a lot of grain and send tens of thousands of men to fight. Farmers didn't like the price ceilings and quotas for wheat, and their workers moved to factories. Farmers asked Congress to not draft young farmers. Wichita became an important place for making airplanes. They got tens of thousands of unemployed people from around the state to come work there. The Women's Land Army of America (WLA) was a women's labor pool during World War II. It was organized by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. It did not get many women from cities to do farm work. However, it did train hundreds of farm wives on how to handle machines, safety, proper clothing, time-saving methods, and nutrition. Cold War era. Kansas allowed segregation in public schools, and they were in Topeka and other cities. On May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court said in "Brown v. Board of Education" that segregation was not protected by the United States Constitution. During the 1950s and 1960s, intercontinental ballistic missiles were kept in some Kansas buildings. They were stored to prepare for a possible attack. The buildings were closed in the 1980s. On June 6, 1966, Topeka was hit by an F5 tornado. The "1966 Topeka tornado" started in southwest Topeka, moving northeast, hitting many buildings. The tornado caused $100 million in damage. Sports. The Kansas Sports Hall of Fame tells the history of sports in Kansas. College sports. The first college football game played in Kansas was the 1890 Kansas vs. Baker football game in Baldwin City. Baker won 22–9. The first night football game west of the Mississippi River was played in Wichita, Kansas. The game was the 1905 between Cooper College (now called Sterling College) and Fairmount College (now Wichita State University). Also in 1905, Fairmount also played an experimental game against the Washburn Ichabods. This game was used to test new rules designed to make football safer. In 1911, the Kansas Jayhawks went to play against the Missouri Tigers for the first homecoming game ever. The first college football homecoming game ever on television was played in Manhattan. It was between the Kansas State Wildcats and the Nebraska Cornhuskers. In the 1951 season, the Southwestern head coach Harold Hunt got national recognition for rejecting a touchdown in a game against Central Missouri. Hunt told the officials that his player had stepped out of bounds. This would undo long touchdown run. Not a single one of the referees seen this happen, but they agreed to undo the touchdown. They put the ball back to the point where Coach Hunt said Johnson had stepped out. A photo of the run later showed that Coach Hunt was correct. On October 2, 1970, a plane crashed. The plane had about half of the football team for Wichita State. They were going to play a game against Utah State University. 31 people were killed. The game was canceled. The Utah State football team had a memorial service at the stadium where the game would have been played. Professional sports. The history of professional sports in Kansas starts from the creation of the Minor League Baseball Topeka Capitals and Leavenworth Soldiers in 1886 in the Western League. The African-American Bud Fowler played on the Topeka team that season. This was one year before the "color line" happened in professional baseball. The first night game in the history of professional baseball was played in Independence on April 28, 1930. It was between the Muscogee (Oklahoma) Indians and the Independence Producers. The Indians beat the Producers by 13 to 3 in a minor league game sanctioned by the Western League of the Western Baseball Association. 1,500 fans came to watch the game. The permanent lighting system was first used for an exhibition game on April 17, 1930. That game was between the Independence Producers and House of David semi-professional baseball team of Benton Harbor, Michigan. The Independence team won with a score of 9 to 1. 1,700 people watched. Jerome Lane Jerome Lane Sr. (born December 4, 1966) is an American retired professional basketball player. Lane was born in Akron, Ohio and played at Saint Vincent-Saint Mary High School. During his 1986-87 season at the University of Pittsburgh, he got the record in America for most rebounds per game for basketball players that were his height (6 feet and 6 inches). The following season, he led the Big East Conference in that statistic. On January 25, 1988, Lane broke a backboard with a slam dunk often called "The Dunk", prompting announcer Bill Raftery to exclaim, "Send it in, Jerome!" In the NBA, Lane had two of the worst free throw shooting performances in the history of the league, including shooting 0-8 on December 29, 1992. Lane played in other professional basketball leagues around the world and consistently led them in rebounding. Lane's son, Jerome Lane Jr., plays in the NFL. Run Like Hell Run Like Hell is the 22nd track from the Pink Floyd album, The Wall. It was released as a single in 1980. Concept. The Wall is a concept album depicting the story of Pink, an alienated rock star. At this point in the story, Pink is imagining himself as a fascist dictator during one of his shows. His behavior turns his crowd into a vicious mob, following his commands. The lyrics are threatening, and directed to the listener. The lyrics call the listener one with an "empty smile" and a "hungry heart", "dirty feelings" and a "guilty past". History. The song was originally written by David Gilmour. The lyrics were written by Roger Waters. Waters provides all of the vocals on the studio version, but in live versions, Gilmour and Waters trade vocals each line. In the Flesh? In The Flesh? is the opening track of Pink Floyd's rock opera album, The Wall. Concept. The Wall tells the story of Pink, and alienated rock star. This song introduces Pink. It resembles the opening of a rock concert. Pink sings about how despite how he looks (in the film he appears to be a fascist dictator), he is not exactly what he seems. He says, ""if ya wanna find out what's behind these cold eyes / you'll just have to claw your way through this disguise!"." The Thin Ice "The Thin Ice" is the second track from Pink Floyd's rock opera album, "The Wall". Concept. "The Wall" tells the story of Pink, an alienated rock star. This is the beginning of the story. The previous track, "In the Flesh?", actually takes place later in the story. This is a flashback. Pink is born, as heard by the baby crying. His mother sings to him. Pat Bowlen Patrick Dennis Bowlen (February 18, 1944 – June 13, 2019) was an American sports executive. He was born in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. He was the majority owner of the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). Bowlen and his family, including his two brothers John Bowlen and Bill Bowlen, and sister Marybeth Bowlen, bought the team from Edgar Kaiser in 1984. He served as the CEO of Denver Broncos from 1984 until July 2014, when he stepped down from the role due to Alzheimer's disease. He was also principal owner of Denver Outlaws and Colorado Crush. Bowlen died of problems caused by Alzheimer's disease on June 13, 2019 in Denver, Colorado. He was 75. Şeref Has Şeref Has (27 September 1936 – 13 June 2019) was a Turkish footballer. He started his career playing as a forward and midfielder, and towards the end of his career he was a defender. Has was born in Istanbul. He signed for Fenerbahçe from Beyoğlu S.K. in 1955. He played for Fenerbahçe between 1955 and 1969, scoring 168 goals in 605 appearances. He won many league titles and the Istanbul Football League twice during his time at Fenerbahçe. He played 37 times for Turkey between 1956 to 1967. He also captained his country 10 times. Has died on 13 June 2019, at the age of 82. Geoff Lees (footballer) Geoffrey Lees (1 October 1933 – June 2019) was an English professional footballer. He played as a wing half. His father Joe Lees was also a footballer. Lees was born in Rotherham. He played for Barnsley and Bradford City during the 1950s. During his time with Bradford City, he made three appearances in the Football League. After retiring as a player, Lees worked as a youth coach at Barnsley. He died in June 2019, at the age of 85. Carl Bertelsen Carl Andreas Clausen Bertelsen (15 November 1937 – 11 June 2019) was a Danish footballer. He played as a forward. Bertelsen was born in Haderslev. During his club career, he played for Danish clubs Haderslev FK, Esbjerg fB and OB, and Scottish sides Greenock Morton, Dundee and Kilmarnock. He played 20 times for Denmark between 1962 and 1964, scoring nine goals. He played for his country at the 1964 European Nations' Cup, placing fourth at the end of the tournament. Bertelsen died of Alzheimer's disease on 11 June 2019, at the age of 81. Kyle Lowry Kyle Lowry is a professional basketball player. He plays for the Toronto Raptors. Northumbrian smallpipes The Northumbrian smallpipes are a type of bagpipes from North East England. They are also known as the Northumbrian pipes. Musical.ly Musical.ly was a mobile app available for phones where users could make short videos with music and slow motion. The videos would be sped up by the app to be at a normal speed. This allowed for lip syncing to be popular on the app. It is now known as TikTok. Missouri Territory The Territory of Missouri was a territory of the United States from June 4, 1812 to August 10, 1821. In 1819, the Arkansas Territory was created from a portion of its southern area. In 1821, a southeastern part of the territory became part of the Union as the State of Missouri, and the rest became unorganized territory for several years. St. Louis was the capital of the Missouri Territory. Osage River The Osage River is a tributary of the Missouri River in central Missouri in the United States. It is the 8th longest river in Missouri. It is named after the Osage Nation, a Native American tribe. Great American Desert The Great American Desert was a term used in 1800s to describe the western part of the Great Plains east of the Rocky Mountains in North America to about the 100th meridian. The area is now usually called the High Plains. The first term is now sometimes used to call the arid region of North America, which includes parts of northwestern Mexico and the American southwest. Elfriede Ott Elfriede Ott (11 June 1925 – 12 June 2019) was an Austrian actress, singer, stage director and teacher. She was born in Vienna. Her career begam in 1944. She was known for her roles on the long running television series "Hallo – Hotel Sacher ... Portier!" and in the 2010 movie "The Unintentional Kidnapping of Mrs. Elfriede Ott". From 1985 to 2004 she gave theatre lectures at the Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna. Ott died one day after her 94th birthday in Vienna on 12 June 2019. Shawnee, Kansas Shawnee is a city in Johnson County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, there were 62,209 people who lived there. It is the 7th largest city in Kansas. People. In 2010, there were 62,209 people living in Shawnee. Economy. Top employers. According to the town's 2016 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the biggest employers in Shawnee are: Area code 913 Area code 913 is an area code for northeastern Kansas. It covers the Kansas City area. It was made as one of the original area codes in 1947. It initially covered the northern portion of the states, but after it was split by 785 in 1997, it now covers the northern rightmost side of the state, consisting of cities such as Kansas City, Overland Park, and Shawnee. Liverpool John Lennon Airport Liverpool John Lennon Airport is an international airport in Liverpool, England. It is located by the River Mersey. There are around 5 million passengers each year. It opened in 1930, making it the oldest commercial airport outside London. In 1966 a longer runway suitable for jet airplanes opened and in 1986 a new terminal building opened and the old terminal building eventually became a hotel currently the "Crowne Plaza Liverpool Airport Hotel". In 2001 Liverpool Airport was renamed Liverpool John Lennon Airport after John Lennon of The Beatles. In 2006 a railway station Liverpool South Parkway opened to carry passengers to and from the airport. You Need to Calm Down "You Need to Calm Down" is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. It was released on June 14, 2019, as the second single from her seventh studio album, "Lover". Swift wrote and produced the song with Joel Little. The song contains lyrics about lessening bullying and homophobia. Nick Nurse Nick Nurse (born July 24, 1967) is an American basketball coach currently coaching the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Leonid Kuchma Leonid Danylovych Kuchma (; born 9 August 1938) is a Ukrainian politician. He was the second President of independent Ukraine from 19 July 1994 to 23 January 2005. He won the 1994 presidential election against his rival, the incumbent Leonid Kravchuk. Kuchma won re-election for an additional five-year term in 1999. Leonid Kravchuk Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk (; 10 January 1934 – 10 May 2022) was a Ukrainian politician. He was the first President of Ukraine from 5 December 1991, until his resignation on 19 July 1994. He was the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada and People's Deputy of Ukraine serving in the Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united) faction. Kravchuk had heart surgery in June 2021. Kravchuk died in Kyiv, Ukraine on 10 May 2022 at the age of 88. Vitold Fokin Vitold Pavlovych Fokin (; born 25 October 1932) is a Ukrainian politician. He was appointed first deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine in November 1991. After Vitaliy Masol was forced to resign Fokin was appointed Head of the Council of Ministers of Ukrainian SSR on 17 October 1990. Lucile Randon Lucile Randon (born 11 February 1904) or Sister André, is a French supercentenarian and Roman Catholic nun. She is the second verified oldest European person ever (behind Jeanne Calment) as well as the fourth-oldest validated person in recorded history, behind Jeanne Calment, Kane Tanaka and Sarah Knauss. Since Kane Tanaka's death on 19 April 2022, she is currently the oldest living person in the world. She is also the oldest person to ever receive the title of the world’s oldest living person (118 years and 67 days). Biography. Randon was born in Alès, on 11 February 1904. She worked as a governess in many families, and became a religious sister at age 41. She worked in a hospital in Vichy for 31 years, then moved to a nursing home in Haute-Savoie for 30 years, and finally to Toulon in 2009. Randon is known by her religious name "Sœur Andrée". She is confined to a wheelchair. Randon had three brothers, and a twin sister who died as an infant. On her birthday she said "115 years is enough, I hope the Good Lord takes me this year". At age 116 Randon caught and recovered from COVID-19. She is the oldest known survivor of the virus. Fiscal conservatism Fiscal conservatism is one of the main factors that mark the difference between conservatives and progressives. It is necessary to reduce public spending in order to achieve a balanced budget. In fact it seeks to curb state intervention in the economy, favoring instead privatization and deregulation. The objective of this economic tactic is to reduce taxation and programs or entities deemed useless, as well as reducing public debt and favoring investments in the country or area of belonging. Tasmanian Devil (Looney Tunes) Taz, or the Tasmanian Devil, is a cartoon character featured in the Looney Tunes series by Warner Brothers. Johnny English Strikes Again Johnny English Strikes Again is a 2018 action comedy movie directed by David Kerr. A sequel to "Johnny English Reborn" (2011), it is the third instalment of the Johnny English series. The movie stars Rowan Atkinson in the title role, alongside Ben Miller, Olga Kurylenko, Jake Lacy and Emma Thompson. The movie follows the titular MI7 agent who is called into action, when all undercover operatives are exposed in a cyber attack. Max Headroom broadcast signal intrusion The Max Headroom broadcast signal intrusion was a television signal hijacking that happened in Chicago, Illinois, United States, on the evening of November 22, 1987. It involved at least three unknown people. It is an example of what is known in the television business as broadcast signal intrusion. Two Chicago television stations, WGN-TV and WTTW, had their broadcast signals hijacked by an unknown person wearing a Max Headroom mask and sunglasses. A homemade Max Headroom background rocked back and forth in the background. The incident happened two times within a course of three hours. The first incident took place for 25 seconds during the sportscast on the 9:00 PM news on WGN-TV Channel 9, and the second, two hours later, after 11:00 PM on PBS related WTTW Channel 11 for about 90 seconds during a broadcast of an episode of the "Doctor Who" serial "Horror of Fang Rock". The incident made national headlines and the people responsible have never been identified. Ricardo Migliorisi Ricardo Migliorisi (January 6, 1948 – June 14, 2019) was a Paraguayan painter, costume designer, scenery designer and architect. Migliorisi won national and international awards. Migliorisi showed his work in many countries. He was born in Asunción, Paraguay. His characters are considered none too realistic, and may represent popular Latin-American subjects, animals and classic mythology, opera, circus and cabaret characters, the television and socialite, all of them with crazy tendencies. Migliorisi was hospitalized in May 2019 under intensive therapy. He died on June 14, 2019 at the age of 71. Wilhelm Holzbauer Wilhelm Holzbauer (3 September 1930 – 15 June 2019) was an Austrian architect. He was born in Vienna. He was known as a "pragmatic" modernist. He was a student of Clemens Holzmeister at the Vienna University of Technology between 1950–53. His best known works were the Linz Hauptbahnhof in Linz, Austria and the Gasometer, Vienna. Between 1956–57 he studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as a Fulbright Scholar. From 1977 to 1998 he was professor at the University of Applied Arts Vienna. Holzbauer died on 15 June 2019 in Vienna at the age of 88. John Dean John Wesley Dean III (born October 14, 1938) is an American attorney, political aide, writer, critic and convicted felon. He was born in Akron, Ohio. Dean was White House Counsel for United States President Richard Nixon from July 1970 until April 1973. Dean is known for his role in the cover-up of the Watergate scandal and his testimony to Congress as a witness. His guilty plea to a single felony in exchange for becoming a key witness led to a reduced sentence, which he served at Fort Holabird outside Baltimore, Maryland. After his plea, he was disbarred as an attorney. Afterwards, he became a critic of the Republican Party, Presidents George W. Bush and Donald Trump, and the Iraq War. Stubbs, Kansas Stubbs is an unincorporated community in Barber County, Kansas, United States. Stubbs is west of Kiowa. It is very close to Oklahoma. Deerhead, Kansas Deerhead is an unincorporated community in Barber County, Kansas, United States. Deerhead is southwest of Medicine Lodge. History. A post office in Deerhead was built in 1885. It closed for a short time in 1894. It opened again in 1895, but closed forever in 1923. Weather. This area has hot, humid summers and cool winters. Pixley, Kansas Pixley is an unincorporated community in Barber County, Kansas, United States. Pixley is southeast of Medicine Lodge. History. Pixley had a post office from 1892 until 1897. Classic car A classic car is an older automobile, generally one that is at least 25 years old. Classic cars are often very valuable to collectors, and may sell for many times their original factory price, especially if they have been well-maintained and have low mileage. Iconic cars that are less than 25 years old and may become classics are referred to as future classics. Classic cars are often not recommended as a daily driver. Replacement parts may be hard to find, and most classic cars lack safety features found in modern cars such as airbags and crumple zones. Contrary to popular belief, classic cars are structurally weaker than modern cars and will not hold up as well in a crash. Ides of March The Ides of March (, Late Latin: ) was a day in the Roman calendar. It means 15 March in Julian calendar. Several religious observances marked it as a deadline for settling debts. In 44 BC, it was well known as the date of the assassination of Julius Caesar which made the Ides of March a turning point in Roman history. Hyde amendment The Hyde amendment is a law in the United States. It stops the use of federal funds for abortions in the country. Kevin Killian Kevin Killian (December 24, 1952 – June 15, 2019) was an American poet, author, editor and playwright. Killian, who was openly gay, wrote mostly LGBT literature. "My Vocabulary Did This to Me: The Collected Poetry of Jack Spicer", which he co-edited with Peter Gizzi, won the American Book Award for poetry in 2009. His collection of short gay erotic fiction, "Impossible Princess" (2009), won the 2010 Lambda Literary Award as the best gay erotic fiction. He was also co-founder of the poetry, stage, and performance group Poets Theater, based in San Francisco, California. Killian was born in Long Island, New York. He died on June 15, 2019, at the age of 66. Marta Harnecker Marta Harnecker (1937 – 15 June 2019) was a Chilean sociologist, political scientist, journalist and activist. She published more than 80 books including "Conceptos Elementales del Materialismo Histórico" (1969), "Cuba: ¿dictadura o democracia?" (1975), "Pueblos en armas" (1983), "¿Qué es la sociedad?" (1986), "Indígenas, cristianos y estudiantes en la revolución" (1987), "América Latina: Izquierda y crisis actual" (1990) and "A World to Build" (2015). In 1973, after the fall of President Salvador Allende and the coup d'état led by Augusto Pinochet, she was forced into exile. She visited Cuba in 1960 and married noted Cuban revolutionary Manuel Piñeiro. She later married American-born economist Michael A. Lebowitz. Harnecker was of Austrian ancestry. She died in Canada on 15 June 2019, at the age of 82. 2015 Cricket World Cup The 2015 Cricket World Cup was held in Australia and New Zealand. Bernard M. Judge Bernard Judge (January 6, 1940 – June 14, 2019) was an American journalist. He was in management positions at the City News Bureau of Chicago, the "Chicago Tribune", the "Chicago Sun-Times" and the "Chicago Daily Law Bulletin". He was born in South Side, Chicago. He was raised in Oak Park, Illinois. Judge left the Chicago Sun-Times to become the editor and vice president of the Chicago Daily Law Bulletin. Judge became the Law Bulletin's publisher in 2001. Judge died from pancreatic cancer at his Chicago home on June 14, 2019, aged 79. Erzsébet Gulyás-Köteles Erzsébet Gulyás-Köteles (3 November 1924 – 16 June 2019) was a Hungarian gymnast. She was born in Budapest. She competed at the 1948, 1952 and 1956 Summer Olympics. In total, she won five Olympic medals (one gold, three silver and one bronze). Gulyás-Köteles died on 16 June 2019 in Budapest, at the age of 94. Eagle Eye Eagle Eye is a 2008 American espionage action thriller movie. It was directed by D. J. Caruso. It was written by John Glenn, Travis Adam Wright, Hillary Seitz and Dan McDermott. It stars Shia LaBeouf, Michelle Monaghan and Billy Bob Thornton. The movie is about two strangers who must go on the run together after receiving a mysterious phone call from an unknown woman who is using information and communications technology to track them. Iceni The Iceni were a Celtic tribe who lived in Great Britain, in the area of modern-day Norfolk and Suffolk. Emperor Claudius invaded Great Britain in the year 43 AD. After that, the Iceni became allies of Rome. At that time, Antedios was the ruler of the Iceni. There was little economic exchange between the Iceni and the Romans: The Iceni feared a loss of cultural identity. This meant, that the Romans saw the relationship with the Iceni as a bad one. The Roman governor, Publius Ostorius Scapula, decided to disarm the tribes the Romans had bad relations with, in the year 47, and to build new Roman fortifications. Prasutagus, an Icene, was given the title of vassal king. Boudicca, Prasutagus' wife, incited the Iceni, and a few allied tribed, into resisting the Romans. This resistance took place in the years 60 and 61, and was not successful. At the end of the first century, the Iceni had their own capital, Venta Icenorum, located near the modern-day village of Caistor St Edmund. Round-robin tournament A round-robin tournament is a competition format. In it, each team or person meets all others in turn. Bob Gibson Robert Gibson (November 9, 1935 – October 2, 2020) was an American baseball player. He was a pitcher. He played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1959 to 1975. He was nicknamed "Gibby" and "Hoot" (after actor Hoot Gibson). Gibson totalled 251 wins, 3,117 strikeouts and a 2.91 earned run average (ERA) during his career. He was a nine-time All-Star and two-time World Series champion. Gibson's jersey number 45 was retired by the St. Louis Cardinals in 1975. In 1981, he was added to the Baseball Hall of Fame. Due to Gibson's remarkable 1968 season, considered by some the greatest pitching performance, MLB decided to lower the pitching mound. Gibson was born in Omaha, Nebraska. He was the father of three children: two with his first wife, Charline, and one with his second wife, Wendy. He has one grandson, Max, born July 7, 2010. In July 2019, Gibson was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. He died on October 2, 2020 from the disease in Omaha, aged 84. Simona Mafai De Pasquale Simona Mafai De Pasquale (5 July 1928 – 16 June 2019) was an Italian politician. She was a member of the Communist Party (PCI). She was elected to the Senate of the Republic in 1976, serving until 1979. She was born in Rome and was the daughter of painters/sculptors Mario and Antonietta Raphael. Mafai De Pasquale was married to Pancrazio De Pasquale, future president of the Sicilian Regional Assembly, until his death in 1992. Mafai De Pasquale died of a stroke on 16 June 2019 in Palermo. She was 90. List of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure characters Here is a list of characters from the manga series "Jojo's Bizarre Adventure" by Hirohiko Araki. Characters. Joestar Bloodline. The Joestar Family is a family with English roots with a majority of its members bearing a star-shaped birthmark above their left shoulder blade. In the original universe depicted in Parts 1-6, the Joestar bloodline was inherited by the Kujo Family and Josuke Higashikata. Dio, having stolen Jonathan's body at the end of Part 1, fathered a few sons bearing the Joestar bloodline while awakening use of Stands in Jonathan's descendants. In the universe depicted in Parts 7 and 8, Johnny Joestar married Rina Higashikata with the Higashikata Family becoming a distant branch of the Joestar family. Dio Brando. The principle antagonist of the series, mentioned to be pure evil. The son of Dario Brando, Dio becomes a member of the Joestar household with the intent of inheriting it for himself by poisoning George Joestar. When this ultimately fails after Jonathan catches him in the act, Dio uses the Stone Mask to transform himself into a vampire with aspirations of taking over England then the world. Though Jonathan stops his scheme by destroying his body, Dio's disembodied head claims Jonathan's body despite his rival's final attempt to destroy him by sinking the ship they were in. But Dio resurfaced a century later after being found by sailors, referring to himself as DIO while taking residence in Cairo with an army of Stand users as his command. He also awakened his own Stand "The World", causing those descended from Jonathan to acquire their own Stands with DIO destroyed by Jotaro Kujo. Despite his death, DIO remained a presence in the storyline until the events of ‘’Stone Ocean’’. Parts 1 and 2. Robert E.O. Speedwagon. A former street thug from the London's Ogre Street who befriends Jonathan after being bested and spared by him, becoming an ally in his battle against Dio despite lacking the ability to use Hamon. Before the events of "Battle Tendency", Speedwagon became rich after finding oil in the United States and establishes the Speedwagon Foundation, which continues to help the Joestar family after his passing. William Anthonio Zeppeli. An Italian user of Hamon who trained in Tibet, becoming Jonathan's mentor so they can destroy the stone mask in Dio's possession. Zeppeli ultimately dies during the series of battles, passing his Hamon to Jonathan. Erina Pendleton Joestar. Jonathan's childhood friend who he eventually married, raising their son George Joestar II and then Joseph, even going so far as to provide shelter to Smokey Brown, friend of Joseph Joestar. George Joestar. Jonathan's father and died protecting his son from Dio. Dario Brando. Dio's abusive father, an alcoholic thief who Dio poisoned on the notion that he deserved to die for working his mother to death. Prior to that, even after being exposed as a con-man, Dario won George's favor and enabled Dio to be welcomed into the Joestar estate. Smokey Brown. An ordinary New York pickpocket whose friendship with Joseph places him at the spectator's seat of the battle against the Pillar Men. He later grows up to becomes a mayor in Georgia. Caesar Zeppeli. Joseph's best friend and a Hamon user, the grandson of William Anthonio Zeppeli. He helps fight the Pillar Men and died to give Joseph the antidote to Wamuu’s poison. Lisa Lisa. Joseph and Caesar's Hamon coach, revealed to be the former's mother Elizabeth Joestar who was saved by Erina on the day that Jonathan died. Elizabeth was raised by the Hamon master Straizo and eventually married George Joestar II. But she avenged her husband's death by one of Dio's surviving zombies who infiltrated the Royal Airforce, Elizabeth was forced to go into hiding in Italy under an alias while becoming the current guardian of the Red Stone of Aja. Rudol von Stroheim. A German commander from Nazi-occupied Germany who discovered Santana in Mexico, proving to be honorable in his right as he saved Speedwagon for intel and blew himself up to give Joseph a chance to defeat Santana. He returns later as a cyborg to assist in the fight against Kars and his army, later revealed to have died in battle during the second World War. Suzie Q Joestar. Lisa Lisa's maid who Joseph falls in love with, the two eventually married and raised their daughter Holly Joestar together. Kars. The main antagonist of "Battle Tendency" and one of the surviving Pillar Men, a race of humanoids revered as deities and demons in the New World that petrify while in sunlight and digest other lifeforms through physical contact due to their cells containing acidic enzymes and euphoria-inducing enzymes that keep the prey from realizing they are being eaten alive. Kars created the Stone Masks to prevent his race's extinction while evolve them into the Ultimate Being, ultimately forced to slaughter his people when they deemed his actions against nature. When Kars learn he needs a Super Aja to complete, he, Wamuu, and Esidisi traveled to Eursia and eventually entered a deep slumber in Rome before awaking in the 1930s to resume their search. Having fought ancient Hamon users, Kars develops his Light Mode where he produces saw-bladed appendages from his body. Kars ultimately acquires the stone and become the Ultimate Being, immune to sunlight with ability to produce Hamon and manipulate his body at a cellular level to manifest the traits of various creatures. But Kars's obsession of killing Joseph proved his downfall, being blasted out of Earth's orbit through a volcanic eruption and drifting into space. Wamuu. A Pillar Man and one of Kars's subordinates, possessing a warrior's code of honor as he considered Joseph a worthy opponent. The Wind Mode he developed to counter Hamon users allows him to control the air in his lungs from his Divine Sand Storm attack to rendering himself invisible. Esidisi. A Pillar Man and Kars's right-hand, having aided him in the genocide of their people. The Inferno Mode he developed to counter Hamon users allows him to turn his blood into superheated acid to melt down his foes. Though his body was destroyed by Joseph, Esidisi's nervous system survived and takes control of Suzie Q's body to send the Super Aja to Kar while intending to use her as a sacrificial distraction before being safely removed and destroyed for good. Santana. The first of the Pillar Men Joseph encounters, named by Rudol von Stroheim after being recovered and revived on human blood. But Santana goes on a rampage before being defeated by Joseph with his remains placed in custody of the Speedwagon Foundation under contact UV lighting. Part 3 - Stardust Crusaders. Muhammad Abdul. An Egyptian fortune-teller who is friends with Joseph, possessing the fire-based Stand Magician's Red. He helps in the journey to defeat DIO, only to be ultimately killed by Vanilla Ice. Noriaki Kakyoin. A high-schooler who became friends with Jotaro whose Stand is Hierophant Green. He was once under the control of DIO, but joins the fight against him and dies during the final battle. Jean-Pierre Polnareff. A French man whose Stand is Silver Chariot, an armored knight wielding a rapier that can boost its blinding speed further by casting off its armor while producing a series of afterimages. Polnareff's desire to avenge his younger sister's rape and murder by J. Geil led to him ending up being under DIO's control before being freed by the Joestar Group, eventually joining the group officially after finally exacting his revenge. He suffered injuries during his fight with Vanilla Ice. Polnareff later acquired the Bow and Arrow before being crippled by Diavolo during the events of "Vento Aureo", forced to use the Arrow on himself at the time of his to evolve his Stand into the soul manipulating Chariot Requiem to protect the Arrow while Polnareff's soul was transferred into a turtle. Hol Horse. A recurring minor antagonist whose Stand Emperor takes the form of a gun that fires bullets that can change their transjectory in midflight, preferring to work with other Stand users. Hol Horse previously encounters the Joestar group in India alongside J. Geil, nearly killing Abdul. When the Joestars reach Cairo, Hol Horse teamed up with Boingo in a final attempt to kill the Joestar group and ends up being hospitalized. Enyaba Geil. Also known as Enya the Hag, she is the oldest of DIO's confidents and is responsible for awakening his ability to use a Stand through the Stand-granting Bow and Arrow. Her own Stand is Justice, which takes the form of a mist that takes control over anyone with an open wound and manipulate them like puppets. Enya went after the Joestar group after Polnareff killed her son J. Geil, only to be captured and assassinated by her allies while resolute to take her knowledge of DIO's Stand to her grave. Vanilla Ice. One DIO's most loyal servants, possessing the Stand Cream which can turn itself invisible and disintegrate anything that enters the void within its mouth save its user. After being turned into a vampire by DIO after killing himself in a gesture of self-sacrifice to provide his master with blood, Vanilla Ice obliterates Abdul and battles Polnareff and Iggy being exposed to sunlight and destroyed. Part 4 - Diamond is Unbreakable. Koichi Hirose. A 15-year-old boy who is shot with the Arrow, and gets the Stand Echoes. He is timid, but learns to stand up for himself. His Stand went through 2 transformations, giving him access to Act 1, Act 2 and Act 3. Okuyasu Nijimura. A high-schooler who uses a Stand called The Hand. He does not think he is smart, and he loves his older brother, Keicho. Keicho Nijimura. A high-schooler who uses the Arrow to give people Stands, hoping that one can save his father, who became a monster. Tamami Kobayashi. A con-artist who uses his Stand, The Lock, to weigh down people's hearts when they feel guilt. Yukako Yamagishi. A girl who fell in love with Koichi and kidnaps him. Her Stand is called Love Deluxe, and it lets her fight with her long hair. Hazamada Toshikazu. A social outcast who acts violently. His Stand is called Surface. Shizuka Joestar. A baby who can turn invisible with her Stand, Achtung Baby. Because her mother was never found, Joseph adopted her later on. Rohan Kishibe. A manga artist who uses his Stand, Heaven's Door, to turn people into books and read about their lives. He would later realize he has a history with Reimi Sugimoto as he was four at the time Kira murdered her. Reimi Sugimoto. A ghost who lives in an phantom alley with her dog, Arnold. She was Rohan's babysitter, and pushed him out the window when her and her family were killed by Kira. She is his first victim with scars inflicted on her back, desiring justice for herself and Kira’s other victims while gaining allies Josuke’s group as they can see her. Yoshikage Kira. The main antagonist of "Diamond is Unbreakable", a 33-year-old office worker who is also a serial killer with a hand fetish. This is reflected in him using his Stand Killer Queen to destroy all but the hand of his victim to caress as his leisure before eventually destroying it. His killing spree ultimately came to an end when pursued by Josuke’s group after attempting to hide from them under a stolen identity, ending up with his face being crushed under an ambulance. Part 5 - Vento Aureo. Bruno Bucciarati. A caporegime (captain) within the Italian Mafia known as Passione whose Stand, Sticky Fingers, allows him to make zippers that he can enter, leading his group to escort Trish Una to their boss before resolving to turn on him. breathes. Pannacotta Fugo. Bucciarati's right-hand man with erratic in mood that is reflected in his Stand Purple Haze, which indiscriminately releases a flesh-eating virus that rapidly friends and enemies alike. Because of Purple Haze's dangerous ability, Fugo tends to avoid using it until he runs out of other options in a fight. Pannacotta left the group when they resolve to oppose the boss. Guido Mista. A member of Bucciarati’s group who uses the Stand Sex Pistols to direct his bullets at a target. He hates the number 4. Narancia Ghirga. A member of Bucciarati’s group who is 17-year-old dropout with a 3rd Grade-level education. His Stand Aerosmith is a mini airplane that hones on a target’s carbon emission. Leone Abbachio. A former cop who joined Bucciarati’s group after being discharged in the aftermath of getting his partner killed by a criminal he took a bribe from. His Stand is called Moody Blues, having the ability to play back events in a location as he played a role in revealing the boss’s face to his group before being killed. Trish Una. Diavolo's daughter who her father marked for death to conceal his identity at all costs. She eventually developed her Stand Spice Girl. Diavolo. The main antagonist of "Vento Aureo", the Boss of Passione with an unnatural body and two souls whose Stand King Crimson can erase a moment in time. He makes the ambiguity of his identity vital to his needs, solving to kill Trish and Buccairatti’s group when they opposed him. Doppio Vinegar. Diavolo's split personality and Passione’s underboss, an eccentric youth loyal to his other personality, often calling Diavolo in random items he mistakes for A phone. His soul ends up separated from Diavolo and dies in Bucciarati’s body. Part 6 - Stone Ocean. Hermes Costello. A prisoner who befriends Jolyne. Her stand is Kiss. Foo Fighters. She's a colony of plankton who becomes allies with Jolyne. She is the stand, and also has the same name as him. Weather Report. A prisoner who becomes allies with Jolyne and the gang, and is also Pucci's twin. His stand also has the same name as him, Weather Report. Emporio Alniño. A young boy who lives in the prison Jolyne is imprisoned in. He ultimately kills Pucci at the end. His stand is called Burning Down the House. Narciso Anasui. A prison inmate who has a crush on Jolyne, and also wants to marry her. His stand is Diver Down. Enrico Pucci. The main antagonist of "Stone Ocean", a priest who is one of DIO's remaining followers and sought to see DIO's vision of the world realized. His Stand was originally Whitesnake, which extracts people's spirits and memories, even Stands, in the form of compact disks that can be freely inserted into other people and objects. Enrico later evolves his Stand with a fragment of The World into the gravity manipulating C-Moon by absorbing a homunculus created from DIO's bone (which contained a fragment/piece of The World), later evolving it further into Made in Heaven to reboot the universe into one where Joestar bloodline never existed. But he ends up being killed by Emporio, with the universe rebooted once more. Part 7 - Steel Ball Run. Gyro Zeppeli. A jockey who uses the Spin, which is like Hamon. He is Johnny's best friend. Funny Valentine. The main antagonist of "Steel Ball Run", a dishonorably discharged American soldier who became the 23rd President of the United States and seeks the power of the Saint Corpse for world dominion. He inserted the Saint Corpse's heart into his body to manifest his dimension-traveling Stand D4C, using it to transfer his mind to an alternate version and able to summon others from alternate realities, though only he and his counterparts are immune to the universal law where two iterations of the same person cannot be in physical contact with each other. Part 8 - Jojolion. Yasuho Hirose. A young woman who discovers Josuke and helps him search for his true identity. She uses the Stand Paisley Park to direct things around her, although Paisley Park acts on Yasuho's subconscious needs rather than her being able to directly control her abilities. Rai Mamezuku. A plant appraiser and fruit grower who works for Norisuke's fruit company. He uses the Stand Doggy Style to peel his flesh like an apple, turning it into a ribbon that he can manipulate. Yoshikage Kira. An alternate reality version who is a descendant of Johnny Joestar through his mother Holy Joestar-Kira and thus a distant relation to the Higashikata family. He was also a friend of Josefumi Kujo, who attempted to help him save Holy's life by stealing a Locacaca Branch to use its fruit. But it ended with Yoshikage fatally wounded by the Rock People with Josefumi attempting to save him with last of the Locacaca Fruit they stole before the two were buried alive by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. The fruit takes effect with Kira's body parts and traits of his Stand Killer Queen being swapped with Josefumi's to turn him into Josuke, with what remained of Yoshikage's body uncovered a few days after Josuke was found. Tooru. The main antagonist of "Jojolion", leader of the Rock Human race that is undercover at the hospital Holy is in and seeks the Locacaca fruit at any cost to make his people the dominant species. His Stand is Wonder of U, which assumed human form as T.G University Hospital’s head doctor Satoru Akefu. Norisuke Higashikata. Head of the Higashikata family and owner of the Higashikata Fruit Company. His Stand is called King Nothing. Jobin Higashikata. Norisuke's oldest son. Hato Higashikata. Norisuke's oldest daughter. She works as a model. Daiya Higashikata. Norisuke's youngest daughter. She's a 16-year-old with a Stand called California King Bed. She loves Josuke and can't see very well. Joshu Higashikata. Norisuke's son. He is spoiled and somewhat mean. He's an atheist. Hirohiko Araki Hirohiko Araki is a manga artist from Sendai, a city in Japan. He is most famous for the "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure" series. He also made "Baoh, the Visitor" and "Gorgeous Irene." Omnitrans Omnitrans is a public transit agency in Southern California. It provides bus service to the San Bernardino Valley area. In 1976, the transit agency was created by the Joint Powers Agreement (JPA), under the amended Government Code of the State of California. Dilraba Dilmurat Dilraba Dilmurat also known as Dilraba (, born June 3, 1992) is a Chinese actress and model. Early life. Dilraba was born on 3 June 1992 in Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China. She graduated from Shanghai Theatre Academy. Career. In 2013, Dilraba made her acting debut in the television drama "Anarhan", playing the lead role. The drama garnered a nomination for "Outstanding Television Series" at the 30th Flying Apsaras Awards. In 2014, she was signed to Jay Walk Studio and starred in the web series "V Love", produced by the company. The same year, Dilraba gained recognition for her role as Fuqu in the hit fantasy action drama "Swords of Legends". In 2015, Dilraba co-starred in romantic comedy drama "Diamond Lover", winning acclaim for her role as a sassy pop-star. She won the "Audience's Favorite Newcomer" award at the 7th China TV Drama Awards for her performance. In 2016, Dilraba was cast as the leading role in the youth sports drama "Hot Girl". She won the "Outstanding New Actress" award at 2016 ENAwards for her performance in the series. In 2017, Dilraba played the leading role in romantic comedy drama "Pretty Li Huizhen", a remake of South Korean drama "She Was Pretty". The series was popular during its run and has over 7 billion views online. She won the Best Actress award at the China TV Golden Eagle Award for her performance. She also starred in fantasy romance drama "Eternal Love" as a fox fairy. The drama gained explosive popularity in China as well as internationally, and led to increased recognition and popularity for Dilraba. She was nominated for the Best Supporting Actress award at the Shanghai Television Festival for her role. The same year, she had her first big screen leading role in romantic comedy film "Mr. Pride vs Miss Prejudice". Her performance earned her the Best New Actress award at the 2016 China Britain Film Festival. She then starred in the historical romance drama "The King's Woman", and fantasy film "Namiya", the Chinese adaptation of Japanese novel "Miracles of the Namiya General Store". Dilraba won the Newcomer award at the Golden Phoenix Awards for her performance in "Namiya". In 2017, Dilraba also joined the fifth season of "Keep Running" as a cast member, earning increased popularity for her variety stint. "Forbes China" listed Dilraba under their 30 Under 30 Asia 2017 list which consisted of 30 influential people under 30 years old who have had a substantial effect in their fields. In 2018, Dilraba starred in the romantic comedy film "21 Karat". She then starred in the wuxia romance drama "The Flame's Daughter" and science fiction romance comedy drama "Sweet Dreams". Due to her rising popularity, Dilraba was crowned the Golden Eagle Goddess at the 12th China Golden Eagle TV Art Festival. In 2018, after surpassing 40 million followers on Weibo it was announced Dilraba has an independent studio under Jaywalk Studio. In 2019, Dilraba appeared in CCTV New Year's Gala for the first time, performing the song item "China Happy Events". Dilraba also joined the fifth season of "Go Fighting!" as a regular cast member. In January 2020, Dilraba starred in the fantasy romance drama "Eternal Love of Dream", reprising her role as Fengjiu from "Eternal Love". The same year, she starred in the workplace romance drama "Love Advanced Customization", portraying a fashion designer. In June 2020, Dilraba was ranked by Statista as the second-most-popular celebrity on Douyin, with 55.6 million followers. In 2021, She also starred in the historical drama "The Long Ballad", portraying Li Changge. This series brought a further rise in popularity for Dilraba. Then she starred in "You Are My Glory" as Qiao Jingjing alongside Yang Yang. The series was a commercial success and gained over 3 billion views throughout the release of the series. She was cast in "Blue Whisper" and the same year she was also cast in "Legend of Anle" alongside Gong Jun. Chris Carr Chris Carr or Christopher Carr may refer to: Dunkirk, Kansas Dunkirk is an unincorporated community in Crawford County, Kansas, United States. History. A post office was opened in Dunkirk in 1915, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1919. Dunkirk was originally a mining community with coal mines operated by the Wier Coal Company. Yaggy, Kansas Yaggy is an unincorporated community in Reno County, Kansas, United States. It is northwest of Hutchinson. History. Yaggy had a short-lived post office "ca." 1901. Duluth, Kansas Duluth is an unincorporated community in Pottawatomie County, Kansas, in the United States. History. A post office was opened in Duluth in 1912, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1986. Duluth (disambiguation) Duluth, Minnesota is a city in the United States Duluth or DuLuth may also refer to: Swan River Colony The Swan River Colony was a British colony on the Swan River in Western Australia, which wanted to build both the private investor Thomas Peel and the military James Stirling on the continent of Australia. The name was pars pro toto (a part for the whole) for Western Australia, because it was only in 1832 that the colony was officially renamed Western Australia, when James Stirling was later named the first governor. Nevertheless, the name Swan River Colony was still in use for many years. Philipp Bobkov Philipp Denisovich Bobkov (; 1 December 1925 – 17 June 2019) was a Russian KGB official. He worked as a director of the KGB political police department (Fifth Chief Directorate) that was responsible for stopping protests in the former Soviet Union. He was called the "KGB brain". Bobkov was born in Oleksandriia Raion, Ukrainian SSR. On 17 June 2019, Bobkov died in Moscow, at the age of 93. 2019 Memorial Cup The 2019 Memorial Cup (branded as the 2019 Memorial Cup presented by Kia for sponsorship reasons) was a four-team, round-robin format tournament held at the Scotiabank Centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia from May 17–26, 2019. Round-robin standings. Indicates team advanced directly to the championship game Indicates team advanced to the semifinal game Schedule. All times local (UTC −3) Statistical leaders. Goaltending. This is a combined table of the top goaltenders based on goals against average and save percentage with at least 60 minutes played. The table is sorted by GAA. Awards. The CHL handed out the following awards at the conclusion of the 2019 Memorial Cup: Shōjo manga Shōjo (少女) is manga (Japanese comics) made for young girls, normally ages 7-19. One of the most popular shōjo manga series is "Sailor Moon". Many shōjo manga are about things like love, friendship, and romance, but some are more serious and action-based. Most shōjo characters are female, and around middle-school or high-school age. History. Shōjo was first made in Japan for young female readers, like how shōnen is for young male readers. They started to appear in the early 1900s. Most shōjo made during this time focused on humor and life in the home. However, after World War II, manga artists began writing more fast-paced, intense stories. This brought upon the magical girl genre, which helped make manga as a whole popular around the world. Shōjo in the West. In the 90s and early 2000s, the western world began to see more manga and anime, including shōjo. With publishers like VIZ and Dark Horse Comics coming out with English versions of manga during this time, western readers had more access to Japanese comics than ever. Before then, many manga were Japan-exclusive. Ages groups. Shōjo is usually put into age groups. These are the ages it is recommended for. The main groupings are: Taft, Texas Taft is a city in San Patricio County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 3,048. New Athens, Illinois New Athens is a village in St. Clair County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, the village had a population of 2,054. Steamboat Springs, Colorado Steamboat Springs is the county seat and the most populated city of Routt County, Colorado, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 12,088. Destrehan, Louisiana Destrehan is a census-designated place (CDP) in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, Destrehan had a population of 11,535. Kirksville, Missouri Kirksville is a city in and the county seat of Adair County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 17,505. Kenova, West Virginia Kenova is a city in Wayne County, West Virginia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 3,216. Raiford, Florida Raiford is a town in Union County, Florida, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 255. La Grange, North Carolina La Grange is a town in Lenoir County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 2,873. Perham, Minnesota Perham is a city in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 2,985. Darwin Hindman Darwin Hindman (April 30, 1933 – June 17, 2019) was an American politician and lawyer. He was the longest-serving mayor of Columbia, Missouri, totalling 15 years. He became mayor in 1995 and finished his fifth elected term in 2010, after deciding not to run for re-election. In 2009, he received the Leadership for Healthy Communities Award along with mayors Michael Bloomberg (New York City) and Gavin Newsom (San Francisco). Hindman was born in Columbus, Ohio. He was pilot in the United States Air Force. He died of lung disease on June 17, 2019 in Columbia, Missouri. He was 86. Kingdom of Talossa The Kingdom of Talossa or Regipäts Talossan [ˈred͡ʒipæt͡s tɐɫɔˈsan] is a small unrecognized nation led by John Woolley as King John. The Kingdom referred to itself as a Micronation for many years, however now referred to as a country. Etymology. The name "Talossa" comes from the Finnish word "talossa", meaning "inside the house" (that is, the root "talo" meaning house or building, in the inessive case). It was selected by the country's founder, Robert Ben Madison, because it described the kingdom's territorial claim (then limited to his bedroom). Greenwich, Kansas Greenwich is an unincorporated community in Sedgwick County, Kansas. History. Greenwich started because a railroad went through there. The first post office in Greenwich was built in September 1874. Climate. Greenwich has hot and humid summers. They also have somewhat cold winters. The Köppen climate classification says that Greenwich has a humid subtropical climate. Clonmel, Kansas Clonmel is an unincorporated community in Illinois Township, Sedgwick County, Kansas United States. History. Clonmel was a train station on the Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway. The first post office in Clonmel opened in 1905. It closed in 1938. It was named after Clonmel in Ireland. Schulte, Kansas Schulte is an unincorporated community in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. History. Schulte started because the Orient railway went through there. Schulte had a post office. It opened in 1906. It closed in 1934. Sedgwick County, Kansas Sedgwick County (county code: SG) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, 498,365 lived there. This means that Sedgwick County has the 2nd most amount of people in Kansas. The county seat is Wichita, the biggest city in Kansas. Demographics. Sedgwick County is part of the Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area. Presidential elections. Sedgwick County is somewhat conservative for an urban county. It chose the Democratic candidate in a presidential election only once since 1944. Wichita has more Democrats, but the areas around it are Republican. Mashina Vremeni Mashina Vremeni (, literally "Time Machine", and known as Time Machine in English music sources) is a Russian rock band founded in 1969. Mashina Vremeni is one of the oldest still active rock bands in Russia. The band's music has elements of classic rock, blues, and Russian folk music. Mashina Vremeni's best known members are Andrei Makarevich - the founder, principal singer-songwriter and the band's public persona, Alexander Kutikov - the bass player and producer/sound engineer, and guitarist/songwriter Evgeny Margulis. Frank LaMere Frank LaMere (March 1, 1950 – June 16, 2019) was a Winnebago activist. He was born in South Sioux City, Nebraska. He was the son of a Gold Star Mother and a combat veteran father. He was a member of the American Indian Movement (AIM) in the 1970s and was known for his work against liquor sales in Whiteclay, Nebraska. LaMere was a leader in the Democratic Party, and was chairman of the National Native American Caucus. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention seven consecutive times from 1988 to 2012. On June 16, 2019, LaMere died of bile duct cancer in Omaha, Nebraska, aged 69. South Sioux City, Nebraska South Sioux City is a city in Dakota County, Nebraska, United States. It is located across the Missouri River from Sioux City, Iowa. It is part of the Sioux City, IA-NE-SD Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 13,353. Bishop Bullwinkle Bernard Thomas (August 22, 1948 – June 16, 2019), better known as Bishop Bullwinkle, was an American singer and comedian. He was best known for appearing in the viral YouTube video "Hell 2 Da Naw Naw". By July 22, 2015, the video went viral and got over 200,000 views with over 4,000 likes. As of January 17, 2019, a video of the song attracted over 32 million views and 236,000 likes. He was born in Tampa, Florida. His name was inspired by the cartoon character Bullwinkle the Moose. Bullwinkle died in Plant City, Florida from a heart attack on June 16, 2019 at the age of 70. Lindsey Way Lindsey Ann Way (née Ballato; born May 21, 1976) commonly known as Lyn-Z, is a Scottish musician and artist. Born in Dunoon, Scotland, she is best known for being the bassist in American electronic rock band . Way is also known for her artwork and has collaborated with Frances Bean Cobain, Jessicka Addams, and other fine artists. She currently resides in Los Angeles with her husband, Gerard Way and her daughter, Bandit Lee Way. Early Life. On May 21 of 1976, Lindsey was born to Pam Ballato in Dunoon, Scotland. Lindsey Way loves art, she created lots of art as a child, stating that it was "pretty much the only thing I was good at." In her late teen, early young adult years, Lindsey attended to receive her degree in Fine Arts and Illustration. After this, she worked in New York as a window display artist. Lindsey has one sister, Amy Greene (née Ballato). Career. Lindsey joined the band in 2001. Prior to joining the band she did not know how to play bass, or even what was. The band called her in to audition. Lindsey stated that, "There is no way I will get into this band on bass talent alone." The manager of the band videotaped her and requested that she play three songs. This happened twice, as the first time she broke her bass strap and did not successfully play the three songs and the band was unimpressed on the first attempt. On her second attempt, Steve Righ? the guitarist for the band had his back to her. Because this second attempt went so poorly, the manager requests that she try a third time. One of the songs played in this audition was the Mindless Self Indulgence song Tornado. While auditioning with this song, Lindsey took a film canister filled with out of her bra and proceeded to drink the shot. During the whole audition, Lindsey has matches stuck in her pigtails, she pulls these out of her pigtails immediately after taking the shot and strikes them on the stock on her bass. She blew out the liquor and lit it on fire, which gave her the appearance of blowing fire. Due to her lack of bass skills, this stunt is how she convinced the band into accepting her. Lindsey is still the bassist for the band, although they have been on hiatus since 2014. Personal life. Lindsey Way married her husband Gerard Way on September 3, 2007 at the end of their tour. Lindsey gave birth to her daughter Bandit Lee Way on May 27, 2009. Haggis Haggis is a Scottish food made of cow or sheep organs like heart or liver. Salvatore Senese Salvatore Senese (3 April 1935 – 17 June 2019) was an Italian magistrate and politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party of the Left. From 1992 to 1994, he served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies. He served two terms as a Senator from 1994 to 2001. He was born in Tarsia, Calabria. Senese died on 17 June 2019 in Prato, Tuscany at the age of 84. Chang Liyi Chang Liyi (; 7 November 1929 – 12 June 2019), also known as Jack Chang, was a pilot in the Republic of China Air Force with the rank of major. He was a member of the CIA-trained Black Cat Squadron. His plane was shot down on 10 January 1965 over Baotou. He was captured and held in mainland China for 17 years. After his release in 1982, he was denied entry into Taiwan and lived in the United States for years before being granted permission to return to Taiwan in 1990. On 12 June 2019, Chang died of a heart attack at Songshan Hospital in Taipei, at the age of 89. Daniel Colin Daniel Colin (30 September 1933 – 15 June 2019) was a French politician. He was born in Paris. He served as a Deputy for Var from 1986 to 1997. He also was deputy mayor of Toulon from 1977 to 1986, a member of the Council of Europe from 1979 to 1994, and as a regional councillor of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur of 1981 to 1998. Colin died on 15 June 2019, at the age of 85. Charles A. Reich Charles A. Reich (May 20, 1928 – June 15, 2019) was an American legal and social scholar. He was a Professor at Yale Law School when he wrote the 1970 paean to the 1960s counterculture and youth movement, "The Greening of America". Reich was born in New York City. Reich died on June 15, 2019 in San Francisco, California at the age of 91. June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident On June 13, 2019, two oil tankers were attacked near the Strait of Hormuz while transiting the Gulf of Oman. The Japanese "Kokuka Courageous" and Norwegian "Front Altair" were attacked with limpet mines or flying objects, causing fire damage to both ships. American and Iranian military personnel responded to the attacks and were involved in rescuing crew members from the ships. The attacks took place a month after a similar incident and on the same day that Ayatollah Khamenei met with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe in Iran. Amid tensions between Iran and the United States, the United States blamed Iran for the attacks. Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom supported the United States' accusation, while Japan and Germany want more proof of Iran's culpability. Iran denied the accusation, blaming the United States for spreading wrong information. The cause is currently under investigation. Another similar incident occurred in 2021. A. B. Yehoshua Abraham B. Yehoshua (, December 19, 1936 – June 14, 2022) was an Israeli novelist, essayist, and playwright. "The New York Times" called him the "Israeli Faulkner". Yehoshua was the author of eleven novels, three books of short stories, four plays, and four collections of essays, including "Ahizat Moledet" ("Homeland Lesson", 2008). Yehoshua died on June 14, 2022 at a hospital in Tel Aviv, Israel from cancer at the age of 85. Makibishi Makibishi are a small flat spiked objects that were used in feudal Japan. The samurai used them to slow down or stop their enemies. Dover, Nova Scotia Dover is an unincorporated community within Guysborough County in Nova Scotia, Canada. It is southwest of Canso and approximately northeast of Halifax. Amos Adams Lawrence Amos Adams Lawrence (July 31, 1814August 22, 1886), the son of philanthropist Amos Lawrence, was an important person in the United States abolition movement shortly before the Civil War. He was important in building the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas and Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin. Life. Lawrence was born in Boston, Massachusetts on July 31, 1814. He died at his summer resort in Nahant, Massachusetts on August 22, 1886. Abolitionism. Lawrence gave a lot of money to the New England Emigrant Aid Company because he did not want slavery. He gave guns to Jayhawkers to help them fight in the Civil War. Personal life. Lawrence's parents were Unitarians, but he became Anglican and was confirmed as a member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Boston in 1842. He met and married Sarah Elizabeth Appleton (1822–1891) at the church. Sarah was a daughter of U.S. Representative William Appleton and Mary Ann Appleton (née Cutler). His mother was a relative of Samuel Appleton, a trustee of Massachusetts General Hospital and president of the Young Men's Benevolent Society. Amos and his wife, Sarah, had four children. They were: He died at his summer resort in Nahant, Massachusetts. Area code 620 Area Code 620 is an area code for most of southern Kansas. It was made on February 3, 2001. The area code goes from the Colorado border to the east, to the Missouri border. 316 is inside it, and it's only for Wichita. Stephen Blaire Stephen Edward Blaire (December 22, 1941 – June 18, 2019) was an American bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born in Los Angeles, California. Blaire became a priest in 1967. In February 1990, he was named Auxiliary Bishop of Los Angeles and titular bishop of Lamzella by Pope John Paul II. He served as the fifth Bishop of Stockton, California from March 16, 1999 until his retirement on January 23, 2018. Blaire died on June 18, 2019 in Modesto, California. He was 77. Area code 808 Area code 808 is an area code for the Hawaiian Islands. 808 was Hawaii's area code since 1957, just shortly before it became a state in August 1959. Area code 802 Area code 802 is an area code for the state of Vermont. It was one of the original area codes in October 1947. Music and Lyrics Music and Lyrics is a 2007 American romantic comedy movie written and directed by Marc Lawrence. It focuses on the relationship that evolves between a former pop music idol (of the fictional band PoP!, which is inspired by Wham! and Duran Duran) and an aspiring writer as they struggle to compose a song for a reigning pop diva. Area code 307 Area code 307 is an area code for the U.S. State of Wyoming. It is the only area code for Wyoming. It was one of the first area codes because it was made in 1947. Friederike de Haas Friederike Else Käte de Haas (16 August 1944 – 17 June 2019) was a German politician. She was a member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). In 1990, she was elected as a member of the Landtag of the Free State of Saxony, serving until 2009. She also chaired the German War Graves Commission. In 2012, de Haas was awarded the Order of Merit of the Free State of Saxony. De Haas was born in Bielatal. She husband was a gynaecologist, and the couple had four children. She died on 17 June 2019, at the age of 74. Area code 701 Area code 701 is an area code for the U.S. State of North Dakota. It is the only area code in North Dakota. It was one of the first area codes because it was created in 1947. The area code will have no more space by 2035. Area code 401 Area code 401 is an area code for the U.S. State of Rhode Island. It is the only area code for Rhode Island. It was one of the first area codes, created in 1947. Hideki Matsui is a Japanese former professional baseball outfielder and designated hitter who played baseball in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) and Major League Baseball (MLB). He batted left-handed and threw right-handed. After playing the first ten seasons of his career for the Yomiuri Giants of NPB, he played the next seven seasons, from 2003–2009, for the New York Yankees of MLB. As a free agent, Matsui then had one-year stints with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, the Oakland Athletics, and the Tampa Bay Rays. Shohei Ohtani is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher and designated hitter for the Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters of Nippon Professional Baseball's (NPB) Pacific League. Ohtani was the first pick of the Fighters in the 2012 draft. He played in NPB for the Fighters from 2013 through 2017 as a pitcher and an outfielder. Ohtani recorded the fastest pitch by a Japanese pitcher and in NPB history at 165 kilometres per hour (102.5 mph). The Fighters posted Ohtani to MLB after the 2017 season, and he signed with the Angels. He won the 2018 American League Rookie of the Year Award. He hit for the cycle on June 13, 2019. Ebert Van Buren Harry Ebert Van Buren (December 6, 1924 – June 14, 2019) was an American football player. He played as a fullback and halfback. He played for the Philadelphia Eagles in the National Football League (NFL) between 1951 and 1953. His brother, Steve Van Buren, was his teammate during the 1951 season. Van Buren went to Louisiana State University and was added to the LSU Athletic Hall of Fame in 2015. Van Buren was born in the coastal town of Tela, Honduras. He died on June 14, 2019 in Monroe, Louisiana. He was 94. Hatsuko Morioka is a Japanese freestyle swimmer. She was born in Hashimoto, Wakayama. She competed in the women's 400 metre freestyle and 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay events at the 1932 and 1936 Summer Olympics. Jiao Ruoyu Jiao Ruoyu (; born 7 November 1915) is a retired Chinese politician and diplomat. He served as deputy mayor of Shenyang under Huang Oudong. He was Chinese Ambassador to North Korea (1965–1970), Peru (1972–1977) and Iran (1977–1979). Jiao was also mayor of Beijing from 1981 to 1983. Jiao was born in Ye County, Henan. He turned 100 in November 2015. Mary Ward (actress) Mary Ward Breheny (6 March 1915 – 19 July 2021) was an Australian former actress and radio announcer. She was trained in acting in Australia and Britain, and appeared in many British stage and movie productions before moving back to Australia. She was one of the first female radio announcers for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). She was probably best known for her role as Jeanette "Mum" Brooks in the cult series "Prisoner". She also appeared TV series such as "Sons and Daughters", "Neighbours" and "Blue Heelers". Ward retired in 2000. Ward was born in Fremantle, Western Australia. She turned 100 in 2015. War died in Melbourne on 19 July 2021, aged 106. Water supply system A water supply system or 'water supply network' is an engineering system which provides a supply of water. A water supply system typically includes: The second part of the system is dealing with the sewage and waste water which is eventually put back or comes back into the system. If this' waste water' is not purified, cholera and typhoid epidemics will occur, and still do occur, in cities where the water engineering has not kept pace with population increase. This type of system was a consequence of the work of John Snow on the mid-19th century cholera plagues in London. Despite all efforts, epidemics do still occur if there are leaks in the underground sewage system and leaks in the underground water pipes. Hermann Baumann (wrestler) Hermann Baumann (born 23 January 1921) is a retired Swiss freestyle wrestler. He competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London where he won the bronze medal in the freestyle lightweight class. Carl-Göran Ekerwald Carl-Göran Ekerwald (born 30 December 1923) is a Swedish author, literary critic, forest worker and teacher. He has written novels, short stories, essays and memoirs. His most noted works include the short story collection "Kumminåkern" (1962), "Skogvaktarens pojke" (2002) and "Horatius: Liv och tänkesätt" (2006). He was awarded the Dobloug Prize in 1987. Ekerwald was born in Östersund. He was married to Anna Westerberg from 1945 until her death in 2009. He lived with author Sigrid Kahle from 2010 until her death in 2013. Terence Conran Sir Terence Orby Conran, CH, FCSD (4 October 1931 – 12 September 2020) was an English designer, restaurateur, retailer and writer. He was born in Kingston upon Thames, England. He was known for creating the Habitat stores. Conran was knighted in 1983 and was appointed Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) in the 2017 Birthday Honours for services to design. Conran died on 12 September 2020 in Berkshire, England, aged 88. Key Tower Key Tower is a skyscraper on Public Square in Cleveland, Ohio. It was designed by architect César Pelli. It is the tallest building in the state of Ohio, the 26th-tallest in the United States, and the 165th-tallest in the world. The building reaches 57 stories or to the top of its spire, and it is visible from up to away. The tower has about 1.5 million square feet (139,355 m²) of office space. Comcast Technology Center The Comcast Technology Center is a supertall skyscraper in Philadelphia. The 91-floor building, with a height of , is the tallest building in Philadelphia and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the tenth-tallest building in the United States and the tallest outside Manhattan and Chicago. Columbia Center The Columbia Center, formerly named the Bank of America Tower and Columbia Seafirst Center, is a skyscraper in downtown Seattle, Washington. It is the tallest building in Seattle and the state of Washington. Its height is . At the time of its completion, the Columbia Center was the tallest structure on the West Coast; , it is the fourth-tallest, behind buildings in Los Angeles and San Francisco. The Strat The Strat (formerly Stratosphere and Vegas World) is a hotel, casino and tower located on Las Vegas Boulevard just north of the Las Vegas Strip in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States. The tower's main attraction is the Stratosphere Tower, the tallest freestanding observation tower in the United States, and the second-tallest in the Western Hemisphere, surpassed only by the CN Tower in Toronto, Ontario. It is the tallest tower west of the Mississippi River and also the tallest structure in Las Vegas and in the state of Nevada. Peter Nichols Peter Richard Nichols (31 July 1927 – 7 September 2019) was an English playwright, screenwriter, director and journalist. His best known works were "A Day in the Death of Joe Egg", "Passion Play" and "Poppy". Nichols was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2018 New Year Honours for services to drama. Nichols died on 7 September 2019 at the age of 92. Stella Stevens Stella Stevens (born Estelle Eggleston; October 1, 1938) is an American actress and model. She is known for her roles in "Girls! Girls! Girls!" (1962), "The Nutty Professor" (1963), "The Courtship of Eddie's Father" (1963), "The Silencers" (1966), "Where Angels Go, Trouble Follows" (1968), "The Ballad of Cable Hogue" (1970) and "The Poseidon Adventure" (1972). In 1960, she won a Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actress for her role in "Say One for Me". Stevens was born in Yazoo City, Mississippi, but raised in Memphis, Tennessee. She studied at Memphis State College. During the 1960s she was one of the most photographed women in the world. In the 1970s, she bought a home near the Cascade Range in Washington state. Twisp, Washington Twisp is a town in Okanogan County in north central Washington, United States. It is located near the Twisp and Methow rivers. The population was 938 at the 2000 census and decreased to 919 at the 2010 census. Twisp River The Twisp River is a tributary of the Methow River, in the U.S. state of Washington. It is about 26 miles (42 km) long. The name of the river comes from the Okanagan placename [txwə́c’p], perhaps meaning "wasp" or "yellowjacket". Methow River The Methow River ( ) is a tributary of the Columbia River in northern Washington in the United States. The river's watershed drains the eastern North Cascades, with a population of about 5,000 people. The river was named after the Methow Native Americans (today part of the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Indian Reservation). The name "Methow" comes from the Okanagan placename "/mətxʷú/", meaning "sunflower (seeds)". Okanogan County, Washington Okanogan County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2010 census, the population was 41,120. The county seat is Okanogan, while the largest city is Omak. Its area is the largest in the state. Okanogan, Washington Okanogan ( ) is a city in Okanogan County, Washington, United States. The population was 2,552 at the 2010 census, within the Greater Omak Area. It is the seat of Okanogan County. Omak, Washington Omak ( ) is a city in north-central Washington, United States. It had 4,854 residents as of 2015. It is the largest city of Okanogan County and the largest municipality in Central Washington. Tornjak The Tornjak (pronounced as "tornyak"), is a Bosnian and Herzegovinian – Croatian Shepherd dog (official English name). It is a mountain sheep dog native to Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. The dog was mentioned in documents in the 11th and 14th-century. It almost became extinct, but was saved when a breeding program began in the early 1970s. George Miller (California politician) George Miller III (born May 17, 1945) is an American politician. He was a United States Representative from California from 1975 until his retirement in 2015. He is a member of the Democratic Party. From 2007 to 2011, Miller was chairman of the House Education and Labor Committee. In January 2012, Miller was cited as one of the members of Congress who had accepted the most free travel the previous year. John Garamendi John Raymond Garamendi (; born January 24, 1945) is an American businessman and politician. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He has been a member of the United States House of Representatives representing Northern California between San Francisco and Sacramento since November 2009. Garamendi was the California Insurance Commissioner from 1991 to 1995 and 2003 to 2007, the U.S. Deputy Secretary of the Interior from 1995 to 1998, and the 46th Lieutenant Governor of California from 2007 until his election to Congress. William P. Baker William Pond Baker (born June 14, 1940) is an American politician and businessman. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from California's 10th congressional district from 1993 through 1997. After leaving Congress, Baker returned to the field of finance, and was a partner in the Baker, Brose & Mitsutome investment management firm. Giuliano Amato Giuliano Amato (; born 13 May 1938) is an Italian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Italy, first from 1992 to 1993 and again from 2000 to 2001. Massimo D'Alema Massimo D'Alema (; born 20 April 1949) is an Italian politician. He was the 53rd Prime Minister of Italy from 1998 to 2000. Later he was Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2008. Pollux Pollux may refer to: Vincenzo Scotti Vincenzo Scotti (born 16 September 1933) is an Italian politician. He is a member of Christian Democracy (DC). He was Minister of the Interior and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1990 to 1992. Virginio Rognoni Virginio Rognoni (born August 5, 1924) is an Italian politician. He is a member of Christian Democracy. He was several times Interior Minister, Minister of Defense and Minister of Justice. From 2002 to 2006 he was vice-president of the "Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura" (‘Superior Council of Judiciary’). Rognoni was born in Milan. George Miller George Miller may refer to: Cesare Previti Cesare Previti (born 21 October 1934) is an Italian politician and convicted criminal. He was a close ally to Silvio Berlusconi. In November 2003, Previti was sentenced to five years in jail due to his bribing of judges. Domenico Corcione Domenico Corcione (20 April 1929 – 3 January 2020) was an Italian military staff personnel. He was born in Torino. Corcione was a general and was the chief of the defence staff. Prime Minister Lamberto Dini made him Minister of Defence, a job he had from January 1995 through May 1996. On 3 January 2020, Corcione died in Turin at age 90. Eocene–Oligocene extinction event The end of the Eocene was the beginning of the Oligocene (33.9 million years ago). It is marked by a large-scale floral and faunal turnover. Most of the affected organisms were marine or aquatic in nature. They included the last of the ancient cetaceans, the Archaeoceti. This was a time of major climatic change, especially cooling. At first, it was not linked with any single major impact or any catastrophic volcanic event. But volcanic activity may have caused the extinction event. Several large meteorite impacts occurred about this time. One such event caused the Chesapeake Bay impact crater , and another at the Popigai crater in central Siberia, scattering debris perhaps as far as Europe. New dating of the Popigai meteor suggests it may be a cause of the mass extinction. A leading scientific theory on climate cooling at this time predicts a decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide, which slowly declined in the mid to late Eocene and possibly reached some threshold about 34 million years ago. This boundary is closely linked with the Oligocene Oi-1 event, an oxygen isotope change which marks the beginning of ice sheet coverage on Antarctica. Conan the Barbarian (disambiguation) Conan the Barbarian is a character created by Robert E. Howard. Conan the Barbarian may also refer to: Professor Moriarty Professor James Moriarty is a fictional character in some of the Sherlock Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Moriarty is a criminal mastermind whom Holmes describes as the "Napoleon of crime". Doyle got the phrase from a Scotland Yard inspector. The inspector was referring to a real-life criminal. The character was introduced to allow Doyle to kill Sherlock Holmes, and only featured in two of the Sherlock Holmes stories. Later, he has often been treated as Holmes' archenemy. Professor Moriarty's first and only appearance occurred in "The Adventure of the Final Problem". There Holmes is about to deliver a fatal blow to Moriarty's criminal organization. Suddenly he is forced to flee to continental Europe to escape Moriarty's revenge. Moriarty follows. The pursuit ends in Switzerland on top of the Reichenbach Falls. The encounter that apparently ends with both Holmes and Moriarty falling to their deaths. Moriarty also plays a role in the book-length "The Valley of Fear", and his agents are mentioned in a few other stories. Dr. Watson Dr John H Watson M.D. is a fictional character in the Sherlock Holmes books by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Dr Watson returns to England from the Second Anglo-Afghan War. He saves money on an apartment by getting a roommate who turns out to be Sherlock Holmes. When Watson finds out Holmes is a detective he starts to follow him on his cases and write down everything Holmes does. Dr Watson is the narrator of all the stories except one. In many cases Watson plays an important part in the narrative. In "The Hound of the Baskervilles", for example, and in the long struggle against Professor Moriarty. Early in the relationship, Dr Watson becomes engaged to marry Miss Mary Morstan, a former client of Sherlock Holmes (see "The Sign of Four"). Later it seems Watson's fiancée has apparently died. In "The Hound of the Baskervilles", Watson shows that he has picked up some of Holmes's skills at getting information from people. He observes to the reader, "I have not lived for years with Sherlock Holmes for nothing". Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga (born 1 December 1937) is a Latvian politician. She was the sixth President of Latvia and the first female President of Latvia. She was elected President of Latvia in 1999 and re-elected for the second term in 2003. President of Latvia The president of Latvia (, literally "State President") is head of state and commander-in-chief of the National Armed Forces of the Republic of Latvia. Living former presidents. There are six living former Latvian Presidents: Egils Levits Egils Levits (born 30 June 1955) is a Latvian lawyer, political scientist and judge. He is the 10th and current President of Latvia since July 8, 2019. He was a Member of the European Court of Justice from 2004 until his election as Latvian President in 2019. Raimonds Vējonis Raimonds Vējonis (born 15 June 1966) is a Latvian politician. He was the 9th President of Latvia from 2015 to 2019. He is a member of the Green Party, part of the Union of Greens and Farmers. Career. He was Minister of Environmental Protection and Regional Development in 2002 and in 2011 and as Minister of the Environment from 2003 to 2011, while the Ministry of Regional Development was a separate department. He became Minister of Defence of Latvia in 2014 and held that office until becoming President in 2015. Andris Bērziņš (Latvian President) Andris Bērziņš (born 10 December 1944) is a Latvian businessman and politician. He was President of Latvia from 2011 to 2015. Bērziņš was the President of Unibanka from 1993 to 2004. He was elected as President by the Saeima on 2 June 2011. Valdis Zatlers Valdis Zatlers (born 22 March 1955) is a Latvian politician. He was the seventh President of Latvia from 2007 to 2011. He won the Latvian presidential election of 31 May 2007. He became President of Latvia on 8 July 2007 and left office on 7 July 2011 after failing to win reelection for a second term. Guntis Ulmanis Guntis Ulmanis (born Guntis Rumpītis September 13, 1939) is a Latvian politician. He was the fifth President of Latvia from 1993 to 1999. Anatolijs Gorbunovs Anatolijs Gorbunovs, also known as Anatoly Valeryanovich Gorbunov () (born February 10, 1942), is a Latvian politician. He was the acting President of Latvia from 1991 through 1993. Gorbunovs was the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet during the final years of the Soviet regime in Latvia and as Chairman of the Supreme Council of Latvia during the first years after the country regained its independence. Gorbunovs was born in Pilda parish, Ludza municipality, Latvia. In 1995 Gorbunovs was awarded the Order of the Three Stars. Prime Minister of Latvia The prime minister of Latvia () is the most powerful member of the Government of Latvia, and is in charge over the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers. The prime minister is nominated by the president of Latvia, but must be able to obtain the support of a majority of the Saeima (parliament). Arturs Krišjānis Kariņš Arturs Krišjānis Kariņš (born 13 December 1964) is an American-born Latvian linguist, businessman, and politician. He was Minister of Economics and Member of the European Parliament. He is the 14th and current Prime Minister of Latvia since January 2019. Andris Bērziņš (Latvian Prime Minister) Andris Bērziņš (born August 4, 1951) is a Latvian politician. He was born in Riga. He was Prime Minister of Latvia from May 5, 2000 to November 7, 2002. He is a member of the Latvian Way political party. Fred Williamson Frederick Robert Williamson (born March 5, 1938), also known as The Hammer, is an American actor, movie director and former professional American football defensive back. He was born in Gary, Indiana. Williamson is best known for his roles as Tommy Gibbs in the 1973 crime drama movie "Black Caesar" and its sequel "Hell Up in Harlem". Williamson also had other notable roles in other 1970s movies such as; "Hammer" (1972), "That Man Bolt" (1973) and "Three the Hard Way" (1974). Williamson played for the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1960. From 1961 through 1964, he played for the Oakland Raiders. He lastly played for the Kansas City Chiefs from 1965 through 1967. Naiyyum Choudhury Naiyyum Choudhury (27 September 1944 – 7 September 2019) was a Bangladeshi biochemist. He was the founding Chairman of the BAERA and the IAEA Regional Cooperation Agreement (RCA) Chair person. He was also the Vice President of the Bangladesh Academy of Sciences (BAS) and was a fellow of the academy from 2000 through 2019. Chris Dobson Sir Christopher Martin Dobson, FRS, FMedSci (8 October 1949 – 8 September 2019) was a British chemist. He was the John Humphrey Plummer Professor of Chemical and Structural Biology in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge, and Master of St John's College, Cambridge. Dobson died on 8 September 2019 in London of cancer at the age of 69. Gru (rapper) Dalibor Andonov ( ; 8 March 1973 – 9 September 2019), known professionally as Gru, was a Serbian rapper, musician and DJ. His song "Biću tu" from the 1996 album "Gru 2" made him popular in Eastern Europe, as well as the 2010 release "I dalje me žele" alongside Serbian rapper Ajs Nigrutin. He was well-known in other countries of Eastern and Northern Europe. He has been dubbed The Serbian Rap Machine. Andonov was killed during a paragliding accident near Zemun, Belgrade on 9 September 2019 at the age of 46. Shaligram Shaligram asscosiated with lord vishnu ,the presever in Hindu mytholy is workshiped as vishnu itself moslty during tulsi pooja , shaligram and tulsi are married to each other as it tends to bring prosperity, happiness and blessings in family . Thing Thing or The Thing may refer to: Yosh Uchida Yoshihiro "Yosh" Uchida (born April 1, 1920) is an American businessman, entrepreneur, judo coach and educator. He was best known for his works to judo. Uchida was the head judo coach at San Jose State University for over 70 years. He played a leading part in the development of the university's judo program. He was born in California. During World War II, while members of his family were sent to internment camps. Reparation (legal) In jurisprudence, reparation is when a government gave money to loss by the criminal to the victim. Monetary restitution is a common form of reparation. Terms. In the Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, reparation include the following forms: restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition, whereby Civil Liberties Act of 1988 The Civil Liberties Act of 1988 (, title I, August 10, 1988, , et seq.) is a United States federal law that granted reparations to Japanese Americans who had been interned by the United States government during World War II. The act was sponsored by California's Democratic Congressman Norman Mineta, an internee as a child, and Wyoming's Republican Senator Alan K. Simpson, who had met Mineta while visiting an internment camp. The third co-sponsor was California Senator Pete Wilson. The bill was supported by the majority of Democrats in Congress, while the majority of Republicans voted against it. The act was signed into law by President Ronald Reagan. Spark Matsunaga Spark Masayuki Matsunaga (October 8, 1916April 15, 1990) was an American politician. He was United States Senator for Hawaii from 1977 until his death in 1990. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Bill Lowery (politician) William David Lowery (born May 2, 1947) is an American politician and lobbyist. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for California's 41st congressional district from 1981 to 1993. Jon Ossoff Thomas Jonathan Ossoff (born February 16, 1987) is an American documentary filmmaker and politician. Ossoff is the Senior United States Senator from Georgia since 2021. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was an unsuccessful candidate in the 2017 special election in Georgia's 6th congressional district. Ossoff ran against Republican Georgia Senator David Perdue in the 2020 election for United States Senate. He won the election in a run-off race on January 5, 2021. Ossoff is the first Millennial senator to be elected. Aegisthus Aegisthus (or "Aigisthos") was a figure in Greek mythology. He is known from two sources. The first is Homer's "Odyssey", about the end of the 8th century BC. The second from Aeschylus's "Oresteia", written in the 5th century BC. As Agamemnon lay siege to Troy, his queen Clytemnestra took Aegisthus as a lover. The couple killed Agamemnon when he returned. Aegisthus ruled for seven more years before being killed by Agamemnon's son "Orestes". This is part of the story of the "Orestia". Carlos Torre Repetto Carlos Jesús Torre Repetto (29 November 1904 – 19 March 1978) was a Mexican chess grandmaster. He was given the grandmaster title in 1977. Narrabeen Narrabeen is a suburb in Sydney, NSW, Australia. It has playgrounds, lakes and a basketball court. Jeffrey Sachs Jeffrey David Sachs (; born November 5, 1954) is an American economist, academic and public policy analyst. He is the former director of The Earth Institute at Columbia University. He is known as one of the world's leading experts on economic development and the fight against poverty. Let's Go Luna! Let's Go Luna! is an American-Canadian animated television show created by Joe Murray. "Let's Go Luna!" started on November 21, 2018 by 9 Story Media Group and Brown Bag Films for PBS Kids and Sprout. Judy Greer provides the voice of "Luna". It is confirmed that there will be 38 half-hour episodes and a one-hour special. Each episode consists of two 11-minute story segments. Between each of the two 11-minute story segments of each episode is a short segment telling a folktale or a song or a poem from that country. CBD CBD commonly refers to: CBD may also refer to: Abdourahmane Barry Abdourahmane Barry (born 21 February 2000) is a French footballer who plays as a center-back for FC Liefering in the 2. Liga. Club career. Barry started playing football professionally on 27 July 2018 in the 2. Liga. He played a full game against SV Horn. Personal life. Barry was born in Courbevoie, France and is of Guinean descent. The Final Problem "The Final Problem" is a short story by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. In it Sherlock Holmes and Professor Moriarty die in the Reichenbach Falls. The author used this plot as a device to kill Holmes. Later, pressed by public demand, Holmes was shown to have survived the fall. "The Adventure of The Final Problem" is the original title of the short story by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. It appears in book form as part of the collection "The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes". It is the only Conan Doyle story to include the apparent death of Sherlock Holmes. It is also the only one in which Moriarty actually appears instead of just being talked about. Edmund Kean Edmund Kean (4 November 1787 – 15 May 1833) was a British Shakespearean stage actor born in England. Biography. Early life. Kean was born in Westminster, London. His father was Edmund Kean, an architect’s assistant, and his mother, Anne Carey, was an actress. His mother was the daughter of the 18th-century composer and playwright Henry Carey. Kean starting acting at the age of four, as a Cupid in Jean-Georges Noverre’s ballet of "Cymon". As a child, his cheerfulness made him a universal favourite, but his background and lack of discipline, helped him develop independence and stubborn habits. In 1794, a few kind-hearted people paid for his school fees. Even though he did well in school, he found it unbearable. As such, he decided to work as a cabin boy at Portsmouth. Finding life at sea even more limiting, he pretended to be deaf and lame so skilfully that he managed to trick the doctors at Madeira. After returning to England, he requested for the protection of his uncle, Moses Kean, an entertainer, who introduced Kean to the study of Shakespeare. At the same time, Miss Charlotte Tidswell, an actress who had been especially kind to him since he was young, taught him the basics of acting. When his uncle died, Miss Charlotte was responsible in looking after Kean, and he began studying the main characters of Shakespeare. Kean displayed the creativeness of his mind by acting in a very different way from John Philip Kemble, an actor for many Shakespearean characters. A Mrs Clarke adopted Kean for his talents and appearance, but he was upset about a visitor's comments and suddenly left her house and went back to Miss Charlotte. Discovery. At the young age of 14, Kean was hired to act as main characters for 20 nights in the York Theatre, acting as Hamlet, Hastings and Cato. While he was at Richardson's Theatre, a travelling theatre company, the news of his talents reached George III, who ordered him to be at Windsor Castle. Kean later joined Saunders's circus, where while performaning as a horse rider, he fell and broke both legs. The accident left swelling on his foot throughout his life. Kean learned music from Charles Incledon, dancing from D’Egville, and fencing from Angelo. In 1807, he had a chance to act in leading parts at the Belfast theatre with Sarah Siddons, who began by calling him "a horrid little man" and changed to saying that he "played very, very well," but that "there was too little of him to make a great actor" after seeing his abilities. The next year, Kean joined Samuel Butler's provincial troupe and went on to marry Mary Chambers of Waterford, a leading actress, on 17 July. His wife gave birth to two sons, one of whom was actor Charles Kean. Drury Lane and New York. For several years, Kean's career had little chances to grow. But in 1814, the committee of Drury Lane Theatre, which was about to go bankrupt, decided to give Kean a chance among the "experiments" they were making to gain more popularity. When the hope of his first appearance in London got higher, he was so nervous that he exclaimed, "If I succeed I shall go mad." As he was unable to pay for his elder son's medical treatment for some time, his son died the day after Kean signed the three-year Drury Lane contract. His appearance at the Drury Lane Theatre on 26 January 1814 as Shylock left the audience enthusiastic. People recognised that Kean had brought self-respect and humanity to his role of the character. Jane Austen refered to his popularity in a letter she wrote to her sister, Cassandra, on 2 March 1814: "Places are secured at Drury Lane for Saturday, but so great is the rage for seeing Kean that only a third and fourth row could be got". Appearances in "Richard III", "Hamlet", "Othello", "Macbeth" and "King Lear" demonstrated his ability to control his range of emotions. His joy was so great that he himself said, "I could not feel the stage under me." In 1817, Charles Bucke, a local playwright, submitted his play "The Italians, or; The Fatal Accusation" to Drury Lane, for which Kean was to play the main role. The play was well received by everyone until Kean said that his part was too small for him. Then, after a performance in February 1819 where Kean went to make a mess at the opening night of "Switzerland" by historical novelist Jane Porter, for whom Kean had had a personal dislike, Bucke pulled the play out of disrespect for Kean's actions. After much persuasion to still perform the play by the theater staff, Mr. Bucke then later had it republished with a introduction concerning the incident, including parts of conversation between the involved parties, which was later questioned in two books, "The Assailant Assailed" and "A Defense of Edmund Kean, Esq." The result was embarassment on both sides and the play being performed anyway on 3 April 1819 to a terrible reception thanks to the dispute already surrounding the play and Kean's previous conduct. On 29 November 1820, Kean appeared for the first time in New York City as Richard III. The success of his visit to America was unmistakable, although he fell into a annoying dispute with the news media. In 1821, Kean appeared in Boston with Mary Ann Duff in "The Distrest Mother", by Ambrose Philips, an adaptation of Racine's Andromaque. On 4 June 1821, he returned to England. Kean was the first to fix the terrible ending to Shakespeare's "King Lear", which had been replaced on stage since 1681 by Nahum Tate's happy ending adaptation "The History of King Lear". Kean had previously acted as Tate's Lear, but told his wife that the London audience "have no notion of what I can do till they see me over the dead body of Cordelia." Kean played as Lear for a few performances. They were not well received, though one critic described his dying scene as "deeply affecting", and with regret, he changed back to Tate. Private life. Kean's lifestyle disrupted his career. As a result of his relationship with Charlotte Cox, the wife of a London city council member, Kean was sued by Mr Cox for criminal conversation (adultery). Kean was ordered to pay £800 to Mr Cox by a jury that only discussed for just 10 minutes. "The Times" launched a violent attack on him. The decision in the criminal conversation case of Cox v. Kean on 17 January 1825 caused his wife to leave him, and caused him to have such bitter feeling that he was boo-ed and attacked with fruits when he re-appeared at Drury Lane and nearly decided to retire permanently into private life. For many years, he lived at Keydell House, Horndean. Second visit to America. The purpose of Kean's second visit to America in 1825 was due to the repeated abuse he suffered in England. Some cities showed him a spirit of charity; many audiences submitted him to insults and even violence. In Quebec City, he was amazed with the kindness of some Huron Indians who went to his performances. He was made an honorary (unofficial) chief of the tribe, receiving the name "Alanienouidet". Kean's last appearance in New York was on 5 December 1826 in "Richard III", playing the same role in which he first acted in America. Decline and death. When Kean returned to England, he was received with favour in the end. However, his heavy reliance on the use of stimulants caused him his talents. Still, his great powers was successful during the moments of his creativity over the absolute ruin of his physical potential. His appearance in Paris was a failure due to being drunk. His last appearance on the stage was at Covent Garden on 15 March 1833, when he played in "Othello. When saying "Villain, be sure," in scene 3 of act iii, Kean suddenly started crying in a stammered voice "O God, I am dying. Speak to them, Charles," fell unconscious into his son, Charles Kean's, arms. He died in Surrey in 1833, and is honoured in the Parish Church where there is a memorial tablet on the floor, marking his grave and a wall plaque originally on the outside but moved inside and heavily restored during restoration work in 1904. He is buried in the parish church of All Saints, in the village of Catherington, Hampshire. His last words were claimed to have been "dying is easy; comedy is hard." In Dublin, Gustavus Vaughan Brooke acted as William Tell after Kean's death. Artistic legacy. As stated in the "Encyclopædia Britannica" Eleventh Edition, it was in the impression of the great creations of Shakespeare's fine mind that the varied beauty and magnificence of the acting of Kean were displayed in their highest form, although probably his most powerful character was Sir Giles Overreach in Philip Massinger’s "A New Way to Pay Old Debts", the effect of his first performance of which was such that the pit rose altogether, and even the actors and actresses themselves were defeated by the terrific dramatic illusion. His main disadvantage as an actor was his height. Coleridge said, "Seeing him act was like reading Shakespeare by flashes of lightning." Strangeness. His strangeness at the height of his fame were numerous. Sometimes he would carelessly ride on his horse, Shylock, throughout the night. He was offered a tame lion with which he might be found playing in his drawing-room. Prize-fighters Mendoza and Richmond the Black were among his visitors and Henry Grattan was his loyal friend. Appraisals. In his earlier days, François Talma said of Kean, "He is a magnificent uncut gem; polish and round him off and he will be a perfect tragedian." William Macready, who was amazed by Kean's "Richard III", met the actor at supper, speaks of his "unassuming manner ... partaking in some degree of shyness" and of the "touching grace" of his singing. Kean's way of saying "I answer—No!" while acting as Sir Edward Mortimer in "The Iron Chest", made Macready know that he had no chance of getting the role from Kean. Kean's life was so full of dramatic interest that it was the subject (topic) for the play "Kean" by Jean-Paul Sartre as well as a play by Alexandre Dumas, entitled "Kean, ou Désordre et génie", where actor Frédérick Lemaître achieved one of his greatest success. In 1924, director Alexandre Volkoff made play by Alexandre Dumas into a French silent feature film with Russian actor Ivan Mosjoukine, who was then living in Paris, as the lead actor. Theatrical works. Quite a number of theatrical works have been based on Kean's life, such as: Cultural influence. Peter O'Toole, a well-known 20th century British theatre and film actor, owned a ring that had once belonged to Kean, and he used the ring as a muse (insipration) for the writing of the second part of his autobiography "Loitering With Intent: The Apprentice" (1997). O'Toole said the line, "dying is easy; comedy is hard" and credited it to the last words of Kean in the 1982 movie "My Favorite Year". Sanctuary city A sanctuary city is a municipal area that limits cooperation with the government's effort to enforce immigration law. They are mainly in Western Europe, the United States and Canada. Leaders of sanctuary cities say they wish to cut down fear of deportation and possible family breakups with people who are in a country illegally. That's so that such people may be willing to report a crime and send their children to school. Some states, such as Alabama, Iowa, Mississippi, Georgia, Missouri and Florida do not allow sanctuary cities. Others, such as Connecticut, Rhode Island, Illinois New York, Colorado and California allow sanctuary cities. In early 2018, a Chicago federal judge said that the Trump administration could "not" withhold public safety grants to sancutary cities. Those decisions were seen as a setback to the Trump administration efforts for helping authorities police illegal immigrants. Rafting Rafting is an outdoor sport in which a person uses an inflatable raft to navigate a river or other body of water. This is often done on rough water. This usually requires teamwork. Rafting is a dangerous sport. People can die while rafting. Rafting is also a competitive sport. History. Rafting goes back to 1811 when the first attempt to go on the Snake River was planned. With no training, the river was too difficult and dangerous. Classes of water. The International Scale of River Difficulty use six grades of difficulty to describe rivers for white water rafting. The scale ranges from simple to very dangerous and potential death or serious injuries. Doom 64 Doom 64 is a video game that first came out only on the Nintendo 64, but can now be played on today's video game consoles. It is a direct sequel to Doom 2, making it the third part of the Doom story. This is ironic because the story of Doom 3 is not related to Doom or Doom 2, but it is a reboot, which means it is a new start to the Doom story. Doom 64 has all the same weapons and monsters from Doom 2, but it has a few more new types of monsters and a new weapon, the Unmaker. The weapons and monsters look a little different from the earlier games, but there are fewer differences than in Doom 3. Other than the new graphics and new weapon, the gameplay was not much different from the earlier Doom games. It came out in 1997, but the game did not sell well because many popular FPS games came out that same year, including GoldenEye 007, Quake II, , and . However, the game does have a cult following and fans had made unlicensed mods on the PC and other video game consoles. Due to its popularity, Bethesda announced during Nintendo Direct 2019 that it would sell the game digitally on the Nintendo Switch, Xbox One, PlayStation 4, and Steam on November 22, 2019. However, it was delayed until March 20, 2020, so that it could be sold the same day as Doom Eternal, the sequel to Doom (2016). It was the same game, but the lighting of the game was fixed, which was a major criticism of the N64 version of the game. Mystic, Connecticut Mystic is a U.S. village and census-designated place (CDP) in Groton and Stonington, Connecticut. Mystic has no independent government because it is not a municipality in the state of Connecticut. Historically, Mystic was a leading seaport of the area. The story of Mystic's nautical background is told at Mystic Seaport, the nation's largest maritime museum, which has preserved a number of sailing ships, such as the whaling ship "Charles W. Morgan". The village is located on the Mystic River, which flows into Long Island Sound, giving access to the sea. The Mystic River Bascule Bridge crosses the river in the center of the village. According to the Mystic River Historical Society, the name "Mystic" comes from the Pequot words "missi-tuk" as describing a large river whose waters are driven into waves by tides or wind. The population was 4,205 at the 2010 census. Reboot (fiction) A reboot is a new start on a fictional universe that already exists. Some of the same themes may exist, but the story of the reboot is unrelated to earlier parts of the story. An example of this is the movie "Batman Begins". Even though it is set in the Batman universe, the story has no relation to any of the earlier Batman movies made by Tim Burton and Joel Schumacher. In video games, an example of this is "". Even though the game is still about a half-demon named Dante, like in the first game, the game's story has no relation to the earlier "Devil May Cry" games, and Dante in DmC has a very different look and personality from the earlier Dante. A reboot is different from a remake because a remake is a retelling of a story that already exists. For example, the James Bond movie "Never Say Never Again" is a remake of "Thunderball". "Never Say Never Again" is a retelling same story as "Thunderball", but it is only a little different. In video games, an example of a remake is "", which has the same story as the first "Metroid" game, but it has more detailed graphics, new Power Suit abilities, and an entirely new area that is playable after the part of the game where the first game ended. David Denman David Denman (born July 25, 1973) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Roy Anderson, the ex-fiancé of Pam Beesly on the NBC sitcom "The Office", for which he earned a SAG award as a member of the ensemble cast. Molly Gloss Molly Gloss (born November 20, 1944) is an American writer. She writes mostly historical fiction and science fiction. Life. Gloss grew up in rural Oregon. She began writing seriously when she became a mother. She now lives in Portland, Oregon. She was close friends with fellow science fiction writer Ursula K. Le Guin. Gloss has taught writing and literature of the American West at Portland State University, and was visiting professor at Pacific University's MFA in Writing program. Monongalia County, West Virginia Monongalia County is a county in West Virginia. It is the 4th most populated in West Virginia with the 2010 census reporting that 96,189 people lived in Monongalia County. The county seat is Morgantown, West Virginia the home of West Virginia University. Writ of election A writ of election is a writ [rit/] issued ordering the holding of an election. In Canada, a writ is the "only" way of holding an election for the House of Commons. When the Government wants to or is required to dissolve Parliament, a writ of election is drawn up for each riding in Canada by the Chief Electoral Officer. They are then formally issued by the Governor General. Where a single seat becomes vacant, a writ is also issued to trigger the by-election for that seat. Canada Elections Act The Canada Elections Act () is an Act (law) of the Parliament of Canada which regulates the election of members of parliament to the House of Commons of Canada. The "Canada Election Act" limits spending on election advertising by interest groups, which was upheld by the Supreme Court of Canada in 2004, It also sets out various provisions regarding the publication or broadcast of election advertising and election results. In 2003, the "Act" was extended to cover the nomination contests of registered political parties. In 2007, it was amended to mandate fixed election dates. In 2010 that is 21 October, 2019. Mercedes Mason Mercedes Mason (; formerly Masöhn; born 1982/1983) is a Swedish-American actress. She is known for her role as Zondra in the American television series "Chuck" and the role of Isabel Zambada in the American drama "The Finder". Charlie Silvera Charles Anthony Ryan Silvera (October 13, 1924 – September 7, 2019) was an American Major League Baseball player and coach. He was part of six World Series championships with the New York Yankees. He played for the team between 1948 through 1956. He later played for the Chicago Cubs in 1957. He was a scout for the Atlanta Braves Silvera was born in San Francisco, California. He died on September 7, 2019 in Millbrae, California at the age of 94. Stefano Delle Chiaie Stefano Delle Chiaie (13 September 1936 – 10 September 2019) was an Italian neofascist activist. He was the founder of "Avanguardia Nazionale", a member of "Ordine Nuovo", and founder of Lega nazionalpopolare. He was a friend of Licio Gelli, grandmaster of P2 masonic lodge. He was suspected of involvement in South America's Operation Condor, but was acquitted. Delle Chiaie died on 10 September 2019 at a Rome hospital at the age of 82. Christopher James, 5th Baron Northbourne Christopher George Walter James, 5th Baron Northbourne, 6th Baronet, DL, FRICS (18 February 1926 – 8 September 2019) was a British farmer and aristocrat. He was one of the ninety hereditary peers elected to remain in the House of Lords after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999 until his retirement in 2018, and sat as a crossbencher. He died on 8 September 2019 at the age of 93. Millbrae, California Millbrae is a city in San Mateo County, California, United States, just west of San Francisco Bay, with San Bruno on the north and Burlingame on the south. The population was 21,536 at the 2010 census. Robert Frank Robert Frank (November 9, 1924 – September 9, 2019) was a Swiss-American photographer and documentary filmmaker. His most notable work was the 1958 book titled "The Americans". He was seen as a modern-day de Tocqueville. Frank later expanded into movies and video and experimented with manipulating photographs and photomontage. He was born in Zürich. Frank died on September 9, 2019 in Inverness, Nova Scotia at the age of 94. Alexis de Tocqueville Alexis Charles-Henri-Maurice Clérel, Viscount de Tocqueville (; ; 29 July 180516 April 1859) was a French diplomat, political scientist and historian. He was best known for his works "Democracy in America" (appearing in two volumes, 1835 and 1840) and "The Old Regime and the Revolution" (1856). Mary Frank Mary Frank (née Mary Lockspeiser; born 4 February 1933) is an English visual artist. She is known primarily as a sculptor, painter, printmaker, draftswoman, and illustrator. June Leaf June Leaf (born 1929) is an American artist. She is known for her abstract allegorical paintings and drawings. She also works in modernist kinetic sculpture. She married filmmaker and photographer, Robert Frank in 1971. Her work is included in many permanent art collections including, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Art Institute of Chicago, Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), Minneapolis Institute of Art, and other. Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago The Museum of Contemporary Art (MCA) Chicago is a contemporary art museum near Water Tower Place in downtown Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The museum, which was created in 1967. It is one of the world's largest contemporary art venues. The museum's collection is made up of thousands of objects of Post-World War II visual art. The museum is run gallery-style, with individually curated exhibitions throughout the year. Each exhibition may be composed of temporary loans, pieces from their permanent collection, or a combination of the two. Jonathan Bush Jonathan James Bush (May 6, 1931 – May 5, 2021) was an American banker. He was born in Greenwich, Connecticut. Bush was the brother of President George H. W. Bush and uncle of President George W. Bush. His son, Billy Bush is a television personality. Bush founded J. Bush & Co., which provided discreet banking services for the Washington, D.C., embassies of foreign governments for many years. In 1997, Riggs Bank bought J. Bush & Co. and made Bush CEO & President of Riggs Investment, a firm based in New Haven, Connecticut. Bush died one day before his 90th birthday on May 5, 2021. At the time of his death, he was the last surviving child of Prescott Bush and Dorothy Walker Bush. Billy Bush William Hall Bush (born October 13, 1971) is an American former radio and current television host. He is a member of the Bush family, which includes two former U.S. presidents and other political figures. After appearing as a correspondent on "Access Hollywood" from 2001 to 2004, Bush became a primary anchor of the program in 2004. Bush also hosted "The Billy Bush Show" from 2008 to 2014. In October 2016, during the presidential election, he was part of the controversy when the 2005 "Access Hollywood" recording surfaced of him and presidential candidate Donald Trump having a lewd conversation. Bush was fired from "Today" shortly afterwards. Fred McLeod (sportscaster) Fred McLeod (1952 – September 9, 2019) was an American sportscaster. He was the executive producer of multimedia, and television play-by-play announcer for the Cleveland Cavaliers and the Detroit Pistons of the National Basketball Association (NBA). McLeod died on September 9, 2019 at the age of 67. Strongsville, Ohio Strongsville is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States, and a suburb of Cleveland. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 44,750. Strongsville is 15 miles from Cleveland in the southwestern corner of Cuyahoga County, bounded by Lorain County on the west, Medina County on the south, Berea and Middleburg HTS. on the north, and North Royalton on the east. History. It was incorporated as the Village of Strongsville in 1927 and became a city in 1960, operating under the mayor-council form of government. The city was originally Strongsville Twp., organized in 1818. Occupying 25 sq. mi., it has the second-largest area of the cities in Cuyahoga County. The township was named after John Stoughton Strong, an early pioneer and land agent from Vermont. 2008 Belizean general election A general election was held in the Nation of Belize on 7 February 2008. Beginning with the Election, Belizeans elected 31 members to the House of Representatives of Belize instead of 29. In what was considered an upset, the main Opposition party United Democratic Party (UDP) won the election with 25 out of 31 seats; the ruling People’s United Party (PUP) won six. House of Representatives (Belize) The House of Representatives of Belize is one of the two chambers of the National Assembly, the other being the Senate. It was created under the 1981 constitution by Prime minister, George Cadle Price. Members are commonly called “Area Representatives” rather than Member of Parliaments (MPs). Area Representatives are Elected by winning a majority of votes in their respective Constituencies under the First-past-the-post voting system. In addition, they must also win above 50% of the vote to be elected. The body is directly descended from the British Honduras Legislative Assembly created in 1954 with nine elected members. It had been expended several times since: to 18 in 1961, 28 in 1984, 29 in 1994 and finally 31 in 2008. The Leader of the majority Party in the Belize House typically becomes Prime Minister of Belize. However, if that Leader rejects to be Prime minister he/she can appoint a new Leader of the party or appoint any senior member of the Party, who served as a Cabinet minister in the past. Current members of the House of Representatives by district The elected representatives and their constituencies according to the Elections and Boundaries Department are: Bandwidth Bandwidth has several related meanings: Bandwidth may also refer to: Han Kuo-yu Daniel Han Kuo-yu (; born 17 June 1957) is a Taiwanese politician. He was a member of the Legislative Yuan from 1993 to 2002, representing a portion of Taipei County for three terms. He later became general manager of Taipei Agricultural Products Marketing Corporation. In 2017, Han ran for the Kuomintang chairmanship, losing to Wu Den-yih. Han was elected Mayor of Kaohsiung in November 2018, and became the first Kuomintang politician since Wu in 1998 to hold the office. In July 2019, Han became the 2020 Kuomintang nominee for President of the Republic of China, facing incumbent Tsai Ing-wen. Han was removed from office as the mayor of Kaohsiung on 12 June 2020 after a recall election. He was the first Taiwanese politician to ever be removed from office by a recall. Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School (BRKMAHS, informly "Baranagar Ramakrishna Mission" or "Baranagar RKM", ) or Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School (H. S.) is a boys-only higher secondary private school in Baranagar, West Bengal, India. The school was founded by Yogindranath Tagore, a student of Swami Brahmananda in 1912. The school houses roughly 1100 pupils aged 10 to 16 for secondary and higher secondary section classes VXII. BRKMAHS pupils take the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education (WBBSE) in tenth grade and are thereafter offered West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education (WBCHSE) for the final two years. The school began offering the twelfth grade higher secondary curriculum in 2018, before which all pupils had to sit the secondary examination for tenth grade. Analytic geometry In classical mathematics, analytic geometry, also known as coordinate geometry or Cartesian geometry, is the study of geometry using a coordinate system, usually the Cartesian coordinate system. As vectors are frequently used, it is also known as vector geometry. In most cases, tools from algebra (especially linear algebra) are used to solve problems. Chained Chained may refer to: Jennifer Lynch Jennifer Chambers Lynch (born April 7, 1968) is an American movie and television director and screenwriter. She was born in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania area and is the daughter of filmmaker David Lynch. She is also an author. She wrote the novel "The Secret Diary of Laura Palmer". Lynch directed the 2008 movie "Surveillance". That movie won top prize at Stiges Film Festival. She later directed the thriller movie "Chained". That movie was rated NC-17 at first. However, Lynch cut down the content in "Chained" so it could get an R rating. Lynch then said that NC-17 had failed, because audiences connected it with the old X rating. V (singer) "(This is a Korean name; the Family name is" Kim) Kim Tae-hyung (born December 30, 1995) is a South Korean Singer, Songwriter, Record producer and Actor. He is also better known mononymously as V and Taehyung. He is known for being a member and one of the four vocalists of the South Korean Boy group BTS. Born's rule Born's rule (also called the Born law, Born's rule, or Born's law) is a law of quantum mechanics. It is named after its originator, the physicist Max Born. The Born rule is one of the key principles of quantum mechanics. It gives the probability that a measurement on a quantum system will yield a predicted result. Cristin Milioti Cristin Milioti (born August 16, 1985) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for playing the Mother on the sitcom "How I Met Your Mother" from 2013 to 2014. She has also played Teresa Petrillo Belfort in the 2013 movie "The Wolf of Wall Street", and Betsy Solverson in the second season of "Fargo" (2015). Cherry Hill, New Jersey Cherry Hill is a township in Camden County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township had a population of 71,045. , the township was the state's 15th most populous city. Camden County, New Jersey Camden County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Its county seat is Camden. As of the 2018 Census estimate, the county's population was 507,078. Prime Minister of Tonga The prime minister of Tonga (historically referred to as the premier) is the country's head of government. Tonga is a monarchy with the king, currently Tupou VI, as head of state. The office is currently held by Siaosi Sovaleni since December 2021. ʻAkilisi Pōhiva Samiuela ʻAkilisi Pōhiva (7 April 1941 – 12 September 2019) was a Tongan pro-democracy activist and politician. Pohiva was the leader of the Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands (DPFI). He was the Prime Minister of Tonga from 2014 to his death in 2019. Pōhiva died of pneumonia and liver disease on 12 September 2019 in Auckland, New Zealand at the age of 78. Bloody Disgusting Bloody Disgusting is an American horror genre website. It looks at horror movies, video games, comics and music. By 2007, the site had over 20 million page visits every month. Starting in 2011, Bloody Disgusting began producing movies. The movies went on to win awards. Jeff Fenholt Jeffrey Craig "Jeff" Fenholt (September 15, 1950 – September 10, 2019) was an American singer and actor. He was best known for his role as Jesus Christ in the original Broadway theatre adaptation of "Jesus Christ Superstar" and for his appearance on the cover of "Time" magazine. Fenholt died on September 10, 2019 just five days before his 69th birthday. Greg Thompson Gregory Francis Thompson, (March 28, 1947 – September 10, 2019) was a Canadian politician. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1988 through 1993 and again from 1997 through 2011. Thompson was Minister of Veterans Affairs from 2006 through 2010 and New Brunswick's Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs from 2018 until his death. Thompson was born in St. Stephen, New Brunswick. He was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party. Thompson died on September 10, 2019 at a hospital in Rexton, New Brunswick after a short-illness, aged 72. Eric Johnson (Texas politician) Eric Lynn Johnson (born October 10, 1975) is an American politician and lawyer. He is the 62nd and current Mayor of Dallas, Texas since 2019. He was a Democratic member of the Texas House of Representatives, where he represented District 100 in the cities of Dallas and Mesquite, Texas. Waller, Texas Waller is a city in Texas, United States, partly in Waller County and partly in Harris County within the metropolitan area. The population was 2,326 at the 2010 census. Shafie Salleh Tan Sri Dr. Haji Shafie bin Mohd Salleh Jawi: شافعي بن محمد صالح; 29 September 1946 – 11 September 2019) was a Malaysian Barisan Nasional politician. He was Higher Education Minister of Malaysia from 2004 through 2006. Shafie Salleh was also the Chief Scout of Malaysia. He was a member of Parliament from 1995 through 2006. Salleh was born in Selangor, Malaysia. Salleh died at a hospital at the Batu Caves in Selangor of liver failure on 11 September 2019 at the age of 72. Jordan Belfort Jordan Ross Belfort (; born July 9, 1962) is an American author, motivational speaker, and former stockbroker. In 1999, he pleaded guilty to fraud and related crimes in connection with stock-market manipulation. Belfort spent 22 months in prison. He published the memoir "The Wolf of Wall Street" in 2007, which was made into a movie in 2013. Biography. Belfort was born in 1962 in the Bronx district of New York City to Jewish parents. Anne Rivers Siddons Anne Rivers Siddons (January 9, 1936 – September 11, 2019) was an American novelist. She was known for her stories set in the Southern United States. She was born in Fairburn, Georgia. Her best known books include: "Peachtree Road", "The House Next Door" and "Sweetwater Creek". Siddons died on September 11, 2019 in Charleston, South Carolina of lung cancer at the age of 83. Fairburn, Georgia Fairburn is a city in Fulton County, Georgia, United States, with a population of 12,950, according to the 2010 census. László Rajk Jr. László Rajk Jr. (26 January 1949 – 11 September 2019) was a Hungarian architect, designer and political activist. He was born in Budapest. He became the member of the Hungarian avantgarde movement. In 1975, he joined the Democratic Opposition, the underground political movement in Hungary. In 1988 he was one of the founder of the Network of Free Initiatives and the liberal party, the Alliance of Free Democrats, and served six years in the Hungarian Parliament. Rajk Jr. died in Budapest on 11 September 2019 at the age of 70. Samsung Galaxy Note 10 The Samsung Galaxy Note 10 and Samsung Galaxy Note 10+ (shortened to Note 10 and Note 10+, respectively) are Android smartphones produced by Samsung Electronics as part of the Samsung Galaxy Note series. The Note 10 and Note 10+ were unveiled on 7 August 2019 and directly succeed the Samsung Galaxy Note 9, with a North American release on 23 August 2019 and international rollout throughout August and September. Khandesh Khandesh (Marathi: खान्देश) is a region of central India. It is the northwest part of Maharashtra state. There are 5 districts in Khandesh: Bey "Bey" ( ""Beik", , , "Beyeh", "Beyg" or بگ "Beg"") is a traditionally Turkish title for Chieftain ruler of a Beylik, for the leaders or rulers of various sized areas in the Ottoman Empire. The equivalent title for women was Begum. In modern times, the word is still used formally as a social title for men. It is cited after the name and is used generally with first names and not with last names. The word entered English from Turkish "bey", itself derived from Old Turkic "beg", which - in the form "bäg" - has been mentioned as early as in the Orkhon inscriptions (8th century AD) and is usually translated as "tribal leader". The actual origin of the word is still disputed, though it is mostly agreed that it was a loan-word, in Old Turkic. This Turkic word is usually considered a borrowing from an Iranian language. However, German Turkologist Gerhard Doerfer assessed the derivation from Iranian as superficially attractive but quite uncertain, and pointed out the possibility that the word may be genuinely Turkic. Glory to Hong Kong Glory to Hong Kong () is a Cantonese song produced during the 2019 Hong Kong protests. Many protestors mentioned that the song is Hong Kong's unofficial national anthem, and it has become a theme song for the movement. Background. The song was first uploaded onto YouTube on 31 August 2019. It was composed by "Thomas dgx yhl" (a pseudonym), a local musician, and a group of un-named netizens (Internet users). An English version was also produced. An orchestral MV production with chorus was uploaded to YouTube on 11 September 2019. On 10 September 2019, Hong Kong supporters sung the song for the first time at the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualifiers. On that same night, the song was also sung at dozens of shopping malls all around Hong Kong. What does the name mean? The word glory (榮光) in the song title means honor (榮) and brilliance (光). Rhapsody in Blue "Rhapsody in Blue" is a song written by American Composer George Gershwin. Katherine D. Ortega Katherine Dávalos Ortega (born July 16, 1934) is an American political figure. She was the 38th Treasurer of the United States from September 26, 1983 to July 1, 1989 under Presidents Ronald Reagan and then George H. W. Bush. Ortega also has the first female bank president in the state of California. Treasurer of the United States The Treasurer of the United States is an official in the United States Department of the Treasury who was originally charged with the receipt and custody of government funds, though many of these functions have been taken over by different bureaus of the Department. Today, they are in charge of the country's currency creation. Requirement for Senate confirmation for the appointment was dropped as of August 10, 2012. Tularosa, New Mexico Tularosa is a village in Otero County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 2,842 at the 2010 census. Jerry Nadler Jerrold Lewis Nadler (; born June 13, 1947) is an American politician. He is the U.S. Representative for since 2013. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Nadler has also been Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee since 2019. According to the "National Journal", Nadler is one of seven members of the House of Representatives who tie for most liberal. Semisi Sika Sēmisi Kioa Lafu Sika (born 31 January 1968) is a Tongan politician. He is a member of the Tongan Parliament. Sika was the acting Prime Minister of Tonga from 12 September 2019 through 27 September 2019. He is a member of the Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands. Soup kitchen A soup kitchen is a place where food is given to people who are poor. The price is usually very low or free. Soup kitchens are usually nonprofit (they do not want to make money), and they may sometimes get food from other places for a very low price. Sometimes these soup kitchens may be created during war, but other times they are only to help people. National Archives and Records Administration The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an agency of the United States government. They are responsible for preserving and documenting government and historical records. It is also in charge of making it easier for people to see those documents which make up the National Archive. NARA is officially responsible for maintaining and publishing the original copies of acts of Congress, presidential directives, and federal regulations. NARA also informs of votes of the Electoral College to Congress. Kansas Pacific Railway The Kansas Pacific Railway (KP) was a historic railroad company. They operated in the western United States in the late 19th century. The railroad was consolidated with the Union Pacific in 1880. Its mainline is still an important part of the Union Pacific network today. Panic of 1873 The Panic of 1873 was a financial crisis that started an economic depression in Europe and North America. It lasted from 1873 until 1877, and it went even longer in France and Britain. In Britain, for example, it started two decades of stagnation known as the "Long Depression". This weakened the country's economic leadership. In the United States the Panic was known as the "Great Depression" until the events of the early 1930s set a new standard. Economic stagnation Economic stagnation is when there is a slow economic growth (usually measured in terms of the GDP growth) for a long time. There's usually high unemployment too. Prabowo Subianto Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo (born 17 October 1951) is an Indonesian politician, businessman and former Army Lieutenant General. Personal life. Prabowo was born in Jakarta, Indonesia. His father is Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, an economist, and his mother is Dora Sigar. He was the husband of the late President Suharto's second daughter, Titiek Suharto. They were married in 1983 and divorced in 1998 during the Indonesian political crisis. Nikon (Liolin) Archbishop Nikon (secular name Nicholas Liolin; October 9, 1945 – September 1, 2019) was an American-Albanian bishop. He was the head of the Orthodox Church in America's Albanian Archdiocese and New England diocese. He was born New York City. Nikon died September 1, 2019 in Southbridge, Massachusetts at the age of 73. I. Beverly Lake Jr. Isaac Beverly Lake Jr. (January 30, 1934 – September 12, 2019) was an American jurist and public official. He was chief justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court from 2001 through 2006. In 2006, Lake Jr. led the North Carolina Actual Innocence Commission, to review police and prosecution procedures and recommend reform to prevent wrongful convicts. He was born in Raleigh, North Carolina. Lake Jr. died on September 12, 2019 in Raleigh at the age of 85. Adrienne Clarkson Adrienne Louise Clarkson (; née Poy, February 10, 1939) is a Hong Kong-born Canadian journalist and politician. She was the 26th Governor General of Canada from 1999 through 2005. Roméo LeBlanc Roméo-Adrien LeBlanc (December 18, 1927June 24, 2009) was a Canadian journalist and politician. He was the 25th Governor General of Canada from 1995 through 1999. LeBlanc died on June 24, 2009 in Grande-Digue, New Brunswick from Alzheimer's disease at the age of 81. Cameron Mathison Cameron Arthur Mathison (born August 25, 1969) is a Canadian-American actor and television host. From 1997 to 2011, he played the role of Ryan Lavery on "All My Children". In September 2019, Mathison announced that he was diagnosed with kidney cancer. Grace Mugabe Grace Ntombizodwa Mugabe (; born 23 July 1965) is an entrepreneur, politician and the wife of former Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe. She was the First Lady of Zimbabwe from 1996 until her husband's resignation in November 2017, a week after he was removed from power. Starting as a secretary to President Mugabe, she then became the head of the ZANU–PF Women's League and an important person in the Generation 40 faction (group). She was expelled from the party, together with other G40 members, during the 2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état. Edolphus Towns Edolphus "Ed" Towns Jr. (born July 21, 1934) is an American politician. He was in the United States House of Representatives from 1983 to 2013. He was a member of the Democratic Party from New York. Towns was Chairman of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee from 2009 to 2011. On April 16, 2012, Towns announced he would be retiring at the end of his 15th term. Chadbourn, North Carolina Chadbourn is a town in Columbus County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,856 at the 2010 census. Chadbourn is located at (34.322374, -78.825823). Neal Francis Lane Cornelius "Neal" Francis Lane (born August 22, 1938) is an American physicist and political adviser. He is the Senior Fellow in Science and Technology Policy at Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy and Malcolm Gillis University Professor Emeritus of Physics and Astronomy Emeritus at Rice University in Houston, Texas. He was chancellor of the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, provost of Rice University, and Science Advisor to the President (Assistant to the President for Science and Technology and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) during the Bill Clinton Administration). Kelvin Droegemeier Kelvin Kay Droegemeier (born September 23, 1958) is an American research meteorologist. He was the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy from February 2019 to January 2021. Droegemeier is known for his research in predicting the development of extreme weather events, and was Oklahoma Secretary of Science and Technology and the Vice President for Research at the University of Oklahoma. Ellsworth, Kansas Ellsworth is a city in and the county seat of Ellsworth County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 3,120. Vincenzo Ferdinandi Vincenzo Ferdinandi (Newark, 29 November 1920 - Rome, 22 April 1990) was an Italian fashion designer and one of the founders of Italian high fashion. Biography. Born in the United States, he returned to Italy in the early fifties to open an atelier in Rome in the highly fashionable Via Veneto. He was among the first great haute couture designers to compete with the most renowned French couturiers in the international arena. In 1949 he was in Paris, called by Christian Dior for a stylistic collaboration with the French maison. After that experience, the Clark & Morland Ltd in London also called him to design a line of shoes that he completed with all-Italian creativity. Together with other names of the Italian fashion of the time such as Roberto Capucci, the Sartoria Antonelli, the atelier Carosa, Giovanelli Sciarra, Germana Marucelli, Polinober, the Sartoria Vanna and Jole Veneziani, he participated in 1952 in the first historical parade at the Sala Bianca in Palazzo Pitti in Florence. A very young Oriana Fallaci sent by the weekly Epoca told the news. In 1953, together with other major names of the time (including Emilio Schuberth, the Sorelle Fontana, Alberto Fabiani, Giovannelli-Sciarra, Mingolini-Guggenheim, Eleonora Garnett and Simonetta), he founded the SIAM - Italian High Fashion Syndicate (later to become the National Chamber of Italian Fashion). In July 1954, together with the Sorelle Fontana, Emilio Schuberth, Giovannelli-Sciarra, Eleonora Garnett and Mingolini-Guggenheim he took part in "Alta Moda in Castel Sant'Angelo". On that occasion, the American Sally Kirkland, Fashion Editor of Life and of Vogue, was awarded for her role as ambassador of Italian fashion in the United States. Defying the conventions of the time (it was in the early fifties), he is the first to show an afro-American girl in a fashion parade, the young model Dolores Francine Rhiney. His creations are worn by actresses and famous women of those years. Ingrid Bergman, Sandra Dee, Jennifer Jones, May Britt, Anna Magnani, Virna Lisi, Sylva Koscina, Luciana Angiolillo, Isabella Albonico, Eloisa Cianni, Lucia Bosè, Lilli Cerasoli, Ivy Nicholson, Loredana Pavone, Joe Patterson, Anna Maria Ghislanzoni, Marta Marzotto and a very young Elsa Martinelli are some of these. In 2014, the Maxxi museum in Rome as part of the "Bellissima" exhibition numbers him among the pioneers of Italian fashion. Name server A name server is a computer program that runs on a server. It allows devices on a network to look up the internal identity of other devices. A common type of name server is a DNS server. History of the University of Kansas The history of the University of Kansas starts in 1855. This was when people wanted to build a "University of the Territory of Kansas." Nine years later in 1864, with the help of Amos Adams Lawrence, Kansas Governor Charles L. Robinson, and several other important people, the Kansas Legislature chartered the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas. The university was at first funded by a $15,000 donation on a area of land from Charles Robinson and his wife Sara. The university started preparatory-level classes in 1866 and college-level classes in 1869. Beginnings: 1850s–1880s. Conception. The idea for a public university in the Kansas Territory was first mentioned by Territorial Governor Andrew Reeder on July 3, 1855. He gave a speech to members of the first territorial legislature, saying: "To enlarge upon the necessity of general education for producing good government," he told the lawmakers, "would be at this day a work of supererogation, and I leave the matter in your hands, confident it will receive the attention it deserves." After his speech, the session responded by creating a system of common schools for the territory. They also approved a charter for a "University of the Territory of Kansas," proposed to be built in Douglas, Kansas (near present-day Lecompton). However, this proposed university was never built. Lawrence residents had first thought of opening a private Free-State college in the town when it was first settled. This was in the summer of 1854. That fall, one of the members of the New England Emigrant Aid Company, Charles Robinson, told treasurer Amos Adams Lawrence that the people of Lawrence would start a college as soon as possible. It was supposed to be on top of Hogback Ridge (later known as Mount Oread). By 1856, no private college for Lawrence was yet created. However, the people of Lawrence were still hoping to create one. They also started to hope that it could later be changed into the state's university. On Christmas Day of 1856, a group of important Lawrence people approved a bill from a business committee. It said that the time had come to create a college in Lawrence. Fifteen trustees were chosen to govern the college. They immediately chose a committee to petition congress for land. It was estimated that $100,000 would be needed to get the college started properly. It was also believed that nearly all of this money would have to be raised outside of the Kansas Territory. The territorial legislature chartered a private "University of Lawrence" in January 1859. However, the people were never able to create a private college in Lawrence. Establishment. In 1859, in the Wyandotte Constitution - the constitution that Kansas became a state with - parts were written to create a state university. The first Kansas state legislature meeting in 1861, passed a bill that would create the state university in Manhattan, Kansas. They used the assets of the existing Blue Mont Central College. However, the bill was vetoed by Governor Charles Robinson of Lawrence. An attempt to override the veto in the Legislature failed by two votes. In 1862, another bill to make Manhattan the place of the state university failed by one vote. On February 16, 1863, the state accepted Manhattan's offer to donate the Blue Mont College building and grounds, and it created the state's land-grant college at the place. This would become Kansas State University. However, the legislature said Manhattan's land-grant institution was different than what a "state university" is. On February 20, 1863, Kansas Governor Thomas Carney signed into law a bill creating the state university in Lawrence. The law said that if Lawrence wanted the college, Lawrence would need to give a $15,000 endowment fund and a place for the university. The place would have to be in or near the town, and it had to be at least forty acres (160,000 m²) big. If Lawrence did not do these, Emporia would get the university instead of Lawrence. The place chosen for the university was a hill known as Mount Oread or Hogback Ridge. It was owned by former Kansas Governor Charles L. Robinson. Robinson and his wife Sara traded the area to the State of Kansas in exchange for land somewhere else. The philanthropist Amos Adams Lawrence gave $10,000 of the needed endowment fund. The people of Lawrence raised the remaining cash by issuing notes supported by Governor Carney. On November 2, 1863, Governor Carney said that Lawrence had met the conditions to get the state university. On March 1, 1864, the University of Kansas was officially chartered. The school's Board of Regents had its first meeting in March 1865. This is the event that KU dates its creation from. Work on the first college building (Old North College) started later that year. On July 19, 1866, the Board of Regents elected KU's first three faculty members. The University of Kansas officially opened on September 12, 1866. It had 26 girls and 29 boys registered in the preparatory school. The school started teaching college-level classes in 1869. The first class (of four students) graduated from the university in 1873. It was one of the first public colleges to admit women and men equally in the United States. From these beginnings, a rivalry with Kansas State, the oldest public college in the state of Kansas, started. A student of the early 1870s was writer and journalist Frank Harris. In Volume 1 of his memoirs ("My Life and Loves", 1922), he described the intellectual climate he found in the university at that time. He said its New England liberal roots were being overtaken by conservatism. In April 1874, the school's first serious student publication, "Observer of Nature", was issued. In March 1878, former Chancellor James Marvin led the school's first "campus beautification" project. Over 300 trees were planted, including an area which is now known as the "Marvin Grove". "Rock Chalk Jayhawk". In May 1886, professor Edgar Henry Summerfield Bailey first proposed the cheer that would become the "Rock Chalk Jayhawk, K.U.” chant. Initially created for the KU science club, Bailey's version was "Rah, Rah, Jayhawk, KU" repeated three times. The rahs were later replaced by "Rock Chalk." This is a transposition of chalk rock, the name for the limestone found on Mount Oread, where the Lawrence campus is. Over time, the chant became known worldwide. Former U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt said it the "greatest college chant he'd ever heard." In 1920, the King of Belgium asked for a normal American college chant at the Olympic Games. After discussion, the athletes at the Games agreed on the Rock Chalk chant. 1890s–1910s. Campus growth. In 1893 the Kansas Legislature allowed $50,000 to build a new physics and electrical engineering building. The building resembled a French chateau now remembered as "old" Blake Hall. The next year, the university's library, Spooner Hall, was finished and opened. It is the oldest free-standing building still at KU. In 1895, the first long distance ship-to-shore message was sent by physics and engineering professor, Lucien I. Blake. The message was sent using underwater wireless technology. In March 1898, lightning struck the engineering building and the heating plant. It started major fires, and destroyed both buildings. As a result, former Kansas City businessman George Fowler gave $18,000 to rebuild. It became known as the Fowler Shops. The building is now Stauffer-Flint Hall, where the journalism school is. Starting in 1910, electric trolleys started providing service throughout Lawrence and the KU campus. In the same year, Marvin Hall was dedicated as the School of Engineering. Haworth Hall was dedicated for the departments of geology and mineralogy. One year later, a commencement ceremony was held. This marked the completion of Potter Lake. On February 8, 1912, a group of KU women organized the Women's Athletic Association. It was the first group of its kind in the school's history. William B. Thayer and his wife donated their personal art collection to KU, valued at $150,000. 1920s–1940s. In 1921, the Memorial Stadium was built to replace McCook Field. The football team still plays in Memorial Stadium. This makes it the seventh oldest college football stadium in the United States. On May 13, 1923, William Allen White became the first KU alumnus to win a Pulitzer Prize. It was awarded to him for his Emporia Gazette editorial “To An Anxious Friend”. In that editorial, White defended free speech. The School of Business was created in 1924. The first campus union was built on in 1926 as a campus community center. On February 18, 1930, future KU alumnus Clyde Tombaugh said he discovered the planet Pluto. Later in 1930, present-day Snow Hall was completed and dedicated. It replaced the old, broken building. In 1932, one of KU's most famous football and wrestling stars, Pete Mehringer, qualified for the 1932 Olympics. A major civil rights decision came on August 8, 1938. Under severe pressure from Kansas Governor Walter Huxman and several civil rights leaders, the Kansas Board of Regents voted to stop rules which had stopped black students from completing their education at the KU School of Medicine. The current chancellor's residence was finished in 1939. It was known as "The Outlook". The residence was able to be built because of Elizabeth Watkins. Danforth Chapel was officially dedicated in April 1946. In January 1946, the University of Kansas Press was created. The publishing house later joined with other universities in Kansas. It became the statewide University Press of Kansas. 1950s–1970s. To honor the 276 KU men and women who died in World War II, the Memorial Carillon and Campanile were dedicated on May 27, 1951. In 1954, the debate team won their first National Debate Tournament. Allen Fieldhouse was dedicated on March 1, 1955. The KU basketball team would win its only home game of the season on the same night. In 1968, former senator Robert F. Kennedy had presidential nomination speeches at both KU and K-State. In early 1970, a firebomb exploded throughout the Kansas Union. It caused almost $1 million in damage. The School of Nursing was created in 1974 as a joint and co-equal unit of the KU Medical Center. The debate team had more success throughout the 1970s. They won the National Debate Tournament in 1970 and 1976. On February 21, 1978 former U.S. President Gerald Ford dedicated the new KU School of Law, Green Hall. 1980s-1990s. In 1983, the debate team won the National Debate Tournament for the fourth time. KU dedicated its Vietnam Memorial in 1986. It was the first university in the United States to build a monument like that. On June 15, 1991, lightning hit Hoch Auditorium. This created a fire which destroyed the building in less than an hour. In 1993, the KU Edwards Campus was created in Overland Park, Kansas. It was created in order to provide adults with a chance to get college degrees and to get better education. The Edwards campus started providing programs developmental psychology, public administration, social work, systems analysis, engineering management and design. 2000s to present. The football team, led by coach Mark Mangino, won the 2008 Orange Bowl. They finished the season 12–1. In 2009, the debate team won the National Debate Tournament for the fifth time in KU's history. Also in 2009, Bernadette Gray-Little became the first woman and African American to be the chancellor at the university. Gray-Little retired on June 30, 2017. Blunt Force Trauma Blunt force trauma or blunt trauma is a medical term referring to a type of physical trauma. Blunt Force Trauma may also refer to: Midwestern Career College Midwestern Career College (MCC) is a junior college in Illinois offering various associates degrees, certification in certain auxiliary medical fields, and courses in English as a Second Language. It has campuses in Chicago, Naperville and Blue Island. Academics. The college grants associates of applied science degrees in three business-related areas and four medical-related areas. It also has programs leading to certification in five specialties relating to medicine. The school offers English language training for foreign students, including a program specifically for healthcare professionals. Accreditation and approvals. Midwestern Career College is approved by the Division of Private Business and Vocational Schools of the Illinois Board of Higher Education (IBHE). The college is also approved by the Illinois Board of Higher Education (IBHE) to operate and to grant certain Associate of Applied Science degrees. Midwestern Career College is accredited by the Commission of the Council on Occupational Education. Leysin Leysin is a municipality of the Aigle district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Geography. Leysin is in the Vaud Alps, it is a alpine resort village at the eastern end of Lake Geneva in near to Montreux, Lausanne, and Geneva. It is on the right side of the Grande Eau at the foot of the Tour d'Aï and the Tour de Mayen. The main village is found at an elevation of . It consists of the village of Leysin and the hamlets of Veyges, Feydey, Aï and Mayen. Leysin can be accessed by road or the hourly Aigle - Leysin train, which makes four area stops. Operation Meetinghouse Operation Meetinghouse was a bombing attack by the United States against Japan on the night between the 9th and 10th of March 1945. American bombers dropped firebombs without a specific target on the Japanese city of Tokyo. These firebombs created a huge firestorm which killed over 100,000 people and destroyed the homes of about 1 million more people. It is notable for being the most deadly attack from the air in world history. The attack was a change in strategy for the United States, which had previously only attacked from the air during the day, focusing on specific buildings. Noville, Switzerland Noville is a municipality of the district of Aigle in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Loganberry The loganberry is a hybrid of raspberry and blackberry. It was created by judge James Harvey Logan as an accident in California in 1881. Ollon, Switzerland Ollon is a municipality in the Aigle district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. The municipality is in the foothills of the mountains southeast of Lake Geneva. Rennaz Rennaz is a municipality in the district of Aigle in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Roche, Vaud Roche is a municipality of the district Aigle in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Villeneuve, Vaud Villeneuve is a municipality in the Aigle district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Rossinière Rossinière is a municipality in the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut district of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Blonay Blonay is a municipality in the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Chardonne Chardonne is a municipality in the district of Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Bourg-en-Lavaux Bourg-en-Lavaux is a municipality in the Lavaux-Oron district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011, the former municipalities of Cully, Epesses, Grandvaux, Riex and Villette (Lavaux) joined together to become the new municipality, Bourg-en-Lavaux. Hatch, New Mexico Hatch is a village in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,648 at the 2010 census. Meridian, Logan County, Oklahoma Meridian is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. It is in Logan County. Marshall, Oklahoma Marshall is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Cully, Vaud Cully was a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud. It was the capital of the district of Lavaux until 2006 when it became part of the district of Lavaux-Oron. It is on Lake Geneva. On 1 July 2011, the municipalities of Cully, Epesses, Grandvaux, Riex and Villette (Lavaux) joined together to become one new municipality, Bourg-en-Lavaux. Villette, Vaud Villette was a municipality in the district Lavaux-Oron in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011, the municipalities of Cully, Epesses, Grandvaux, Riex and Villette (Lavaux) joined together to become the new municipality of Bourg-en-Lavaux. Cornlea, Nebraska Cornlea is a village in Platte County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 36 at the 2010 census. Corseaux Corseaux is a municipality in the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Corsier-sur-Vevey Corsier-sur-Vevey is a municipality in the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Jongny Jongny is a municipality in the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Middleburgh (village), New York Middleburgh is a village in Schoharie County, New York, United States. The population was 1,398 at the 2000 census. Paul Sarbanes Paul Spyros Sarbanes (February 3, 1933 – December 6, 2020) was an American politician and attorney. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1971 to 1977 and as a United States Senator from 1977 to 2007 representing Maryland. Sarbanes died at his home in Baltimore, Maryland from heart failure on December 6, 2020 at the age of 87. McDonald, Ohio McDonald is a village in Trumbull County, Ohio, United States. The population was 3,263 at the 2010 census. The community was named after a local McDonald family. McDonald is located at . Frans Nielsen Frans Nielsen is a hockey player for the Eisbären Berlin in the DEL. List of stars in Triangulum Australe This is the list of notable stars in the constellation Triangulum Australe, sorted by decreasing brightness. Dorian Leigh Dorian Elizabeth Leigh Parker (April 23, 1917 - July 7, 2008; better known as Dorian Leigh) was an American model. She was one of the earliest modeling women in the fashion industry. Leigh might have been one of the first supermodels. She was well known in Europe and United States. Leigh was on the covers of the "Vogue", "Elle", "Paris Match" and "Life". She modeled for much of the 1940s and first half of the 1950s. Leigh had several siblings. One of her sisters, Cecilia "Suzy Parker", was also a fashion model. Parker would later act in movies and television. Dorian Leigh was born in San Antonio, Texas. She succumbed to Alzheimer's disease at age 91. Bob Rule Bobby Frank Rule (June 29, 1944 – September 5, 2019) was an American basketball player. He was born in Riverside, California. He played at center for the National Basketball Association's Seattle SuperSonics, Philadelphia 76ers, Cleveland Cavaliers, and briefly, the Milwaukee Bucks. Rule died on September 5, 2019 in Riverside, California at the age of 75. Sándor Tóth Sándor Tóth (18 August 1939 – 11 September 2019) was a Hungarian poet and journalist. He was a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP). He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Pásztó (Nógrád County Constituency II) between 1990 and 1994. Michael E. Haynes Michael E. Haynes (May 9, 1927 – September 12, 2019) was an American minister and politician. He was in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1965 to 1968, representing Roxbury, Massachusetts. He was also a member of the Boston Mayor's Committee on Violence and the Attorney General's Advisory Committee on Drug Addiction. He was pastor at Twelfth Baptist Church in Roxbury from 1964 to 2004. Haynes died on September 12, 2019 at the age of 92. Heart valve A heart valve normally allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart. The four valves are commonly represented in a mammalian heart that determines the pathway of blood flow through the heart. A heart valve opens or closes incumbent on differential blood pressure on each side. László Marton (director) László Marton (6 January 1943 – 12 September 2019) was a Hungarian contemporary theatre director. Marton was the artistic director of the Vígszínház and professor of the University of Theatre, Film and Television in Budapest. Marton was known for directing classics through a new lens and his productions have been seen in more than 40 cities throughout the world. He was Honorary Member of the London Guildhall School of Music and Drama. On 14 October 2017, Hungarian actress Lilla Sárosdi alleged in a Facebook post that a well-known Hungarian theatre director had sexually assaulted her 20 years earlier. On 20 October, two more people anonymously accused Marton of sexual assault. Asadollah Asgaroladi Asadollah Asgaroladi (3 March 1934 – 13 September 2019) was an Iranian businessman. He worked in exports, banking, real estate and healthcare. He was the richest person in Iran, with a net worth of $9 billion. On 13 September 2019, Asgaroladi suffered a stroke. Later that day he died in Tehran, at the age of 85. Bruno Grandi Bruno Grandi (May 9, 1934 – September 13, 2019) was an Italian sportsman. He was president of the FIG (Federation Internationale de Gymnastique) from 1996–2016 and was a member of the International Olympic Committee from 2000 to 2004. He was born in Forlì, Emilia Romagna. Grandi died in Italy after an illness at age 85. Ghulam Shah Jeelani Ghulam Shah Jeelani (; 7 August 1957 – 13 September 2019) was a Pakistani politician. He was a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from 2008 through May 2018 and again from August 2018 until his death. Jeelani was born in Dadu, Pakistan. Jeelani died on 13 September 2019 in a private hospital in Karachi of kidney failure at the age of 62. György Konrád György (George) Konrád (2 April 1933 – 13 September 2019) was a Hungarian novelist and essayist. He was known as a supporter of individual freedom. He was born in Berettyóújfalu, Hungary. He was President of PEN International from 1990 through 1993. Konrád died on 13 September 2019 in Budapest at the age of 86. Nabil Karoui Nabil Karoui, (born 1 August 1963) is a Tunisian businessman and politician. Karoui is CEO of Karoui & Karoui World and owner of the Tunisian television station Nessma. He is known as the "Tunisian Berlusconi". Karoui unsuccessfully ran for President in the 2019 election. Karoui was charged with money laundering in July 2019. He was arrested on August 23, 2019 following a warrant by the Tunis Court of Appeal. Karoui received 525,517 votes in the first round of the 2019 election, coming in second place and moved on to face professor Kaïs Saïed in the second round. He lost the run-off to Saïed on 13 October 2019. In 29 August 2021 the Algerian authorities arrested Nabil Karoui in Tébessa, near the borders with Tunisia, after he had illegally entered the country. Margo (actress) Margo (born María Marguerita Guadalupe Teresa Estela Bolado Castilla y O'Donnell, May 10, 1917 – July 17, 1985) was a Mexican-American actress and dancer. She appeared in many movies and television shows. She was best known for her roles in "Lost Horizon" (1937), "The Leopard Man" (1943), "Viva Zapata!" (1952), and "I'll Cry Tomorrow" (1955). Kassie DePaiva Katherine Virginia "Kassie" DePaiva (née Wesley; born March 21, 1961) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She is best known for her role as Bobby Joe in the horror movie "Evil Dead II" (1987). She is also known for her role of Blair Cramer on ABC's "One Life to Live". Other roles included Chelsea Reardon on "Guiding Light", and her current role as Eve Donovan on NBC's "Days of Our Lives". DePaiva was born in Morganfield, Kentucky. In August 2016, DePaiva announced she had been diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia. Marianne Jean-Baptiste Marianne Jean-Baptiste (born 27 April 1967) is an English actress. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Hortense in the 1996 movie "Secrets & Lies". For the same role, she was also nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role and a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress-Motion Picture. Jean-Baptiste was also nominated with several NAACP Image Awards for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series and Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. This was for her acting in the CBS television series "Without a Trace". Jean-Baptiste was born in London, England. Virgin Galactic Virgin Galactic is a spaceflight company founded by the English billionaire Richard Branson in 2004. In May 2021 one of the company's spaceplanes took people into space. On 11 July 2021, Richard Branson and three employees were passengers on a flight, up to an altitude of 86 km (53 mi); the flight had two pilots. However, the rocket plane "Unity" flew outside restricted airspace; That happened for 1 minute and 41 seconds. The Federal Aviation Administration allowed [any] SpaceShipTwo rocket plane to fly again [from] September 2021, after deciding to expand (or make larger) the restricted airspace around the vehicle's flight range. K2-18b K2-18b, also known as EPIC 201912552 b, is an exoplanet orbiting the red dwarf K2-18, located away from Earth. It was discovered by the Kepler space telescope. It is estimated to be eight times bigger than the Earth. K2-18b is in the Goldilocks zone and may have liquid water. Rougemont, Switzerland Rougemont is a municipality in the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Saint-Légier-La Chiésaz Saint-Légier-La Chiésaz is a municipality in the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Macomb, Oklahoma Macomb is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Wanette, Oklahoma Wanette is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Slaughterville, Oklahoma Slaughterville is a town in Oklahoma in the United States. Lincoln Park, Texas Lincoln Park is a town in the U.S. state of Texas. Dish, Texas DISH is a town in the U.S. state of Texas. It used to be called Clark but renamed to "DISH" as part of an agreement with Dish Network. Combremont-le-Grand Combremont-le-Grand was a municipality in the Broye-Vully district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011 the former municipalities of Cerniaz, Combremont-le-Grand, Combremont-le-Petit, Granges-près-Marnand, Marnand, Sassel, Seigneux and Villars-Bramard joined together to become the new municipality of Valbroye. Marnand Marnand was a municipality in the Broye-Vully district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011 the former municipalities of Cerniaz, Combremont-le-Grand, Combremont-le-Petit, Granges-près-Marnand, Marnand, Sassel, Seigneux and Villars-Bramard joined together to become the new municipality of Valbroye. Valbroye Valbroye is a municipality in the Broye-Vully district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. On 1 July 2011, the former municipalities of Cerniaz, Combremont-le-Grand, Combremont-le-Petit, Granges-près-Marnand, Marnand, Sassel, Seigneux and Villars-Bramard joined together to become the new municipality of Valbroye. Interstate 278 Interstate 278 is a highway is in the US states of New Jersey and New York. It runs from US Highway 1-9 in Linden, NJ to the Cross Bronx Expressway (I-95/I-295) in The Bronx. Its names include the Staten Island Expressway on Staten Island, the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway, (BQE) the Gowanus Expressway, the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge, and the Bruckner Expressway. Former fleet. Air Malta used to operate the following aircraft: 92 (number) Ninety-two is a number. It comes between ninety-one and ninety-three, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 4, 23, 46, and 92. In Roman numerals, it is XCII. 93 (number) Ninety-three is a number. It comes between ninety-two and ninety-four, and is an odd number. It is divisible by 1, 3, 31, and 93. In Roman numerals, it is XCIII. Perry County, Missouri Perry County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Perryville. In 2010, 18,971 people lived there. Clark County, Missouri Clark County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Kahoka. In 2010, 7,139 people lived there. Houston, Missouri Houston is a city in Missouri, United States. It is the county seat of Texas County. In 2010, 2,081 people lived there. Houston was organized in 1857. Bloomfield, Missouri Bloomfield is a city in Missouri, United States. It is the county seat of Stoddard County. Stoddard County, Missouri Stoddard County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Bloomfield. In 2010, 29,968 people lived there. St. Clair County, Missouri St. Clair County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Osceola. In 2010, 9,805 people lived there. Schuyler County, Missouri Schuyler County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Lancaster. In 2010, 4,431 people lived there. Cedar County, Missouri Cedar County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Stockton. In 2010, 13,982 people lived there. Reynolds County, Missouri Reynolds County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Centerville. In 2010, 6,696 people lived there. The county was organized on February 25, 1845, and was named in honor of former Governor of Missouri, Thomas Reynolds. Yugoslav Wars The Yugoslav Wars were a series of conflicts fought in the former Yugoslavia between 1991 and 2001. It was part of the Revolutions of 1989 during the Cold War. It all started back in 1918 after World War 1 when Austria-Hungary led by Charles I of Austria collapsed in 1918 when the Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed into Austria, Hungary,Czechoslovakia,Transylvania,Romania,and Yugoslavia in 1918 and following the 1941 Nazi Invasion Of Yugoslavia led by Adolf Hitler during World War 2 . In 1944 however, both Tito and Stalin pushed the Nazis out of Belgrade with the help of Bulgaria. Following the Tito-Stalin Split from 1948-1953 when both Josip Broz Tito and Joseph Stalin broke up their friendship together until Stalin died in 1953 and following the Warsaw Pact Invasion Of Czechoslovakia in 1968 Romania,Yugoslavia, and Albania supported the Czechoslovaks led by Alexander Dubček against the USSR led by Leonid Brezhnev. Following the death of Tito in 1980 Yugoslavia started to collapse in 1991-1992 after Tito’s death in 1980. Wright County, Missouri Wright County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Hartville. In 2010, 18,815 people lived there. Camden County, Missouri Camden County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Camdenton. In 2010, 44,002 people lived there. Shelby County, Missouri Shelby County is a county in the U.S. state of Missouri. The county seat is Shelbyville. In 2010, 6,373 people lived there. Grandview, Missouri Grandview is a city in Jackson County, Missouri in the United States. Phelps County, Missouri Phelps County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Rolla. In 2010, 45,156 people lived there. Webster County, Missouri Webster County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Marshfield. In 2010, 36,202 people lived there. Shannon County, Missouri Shannon County is a county in the U.S. state of Missouri. Its county seat is Eminence. As of 2010, 8,441 people lived there. The county was organized on January 29, 1841, and was named in honor of George Shannon, a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Eminence, Missouri Eminence is a city in Missouri, United States. It is the county seat of Shannon County. Scheibbs District The Scheibbs District is a district in the state of Lower Austria in Austria. Municipalities. Suburbs, hamlets and other subdivisions of a municipality are indicated in . Knox County, Missouri Knox County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Edina. In 2010, 4,131 people lived there. Hickory County, Missouri Hickory County is a county in the U.S. state of Missouri. Its county seat is Hermitage. As of 2010, 9,627 people live in Hickory County. Hermitage, Missouri Hermitage is a city in Missouri, United States. Miami Orange Bowl The Miami Orange Bowl was a sports stadium in Miami, Florida. It opened in 1937 as Burdine Stadium. Tuna sandwich A tuna sandwich (also known as tuna fish sandwich) is a type of sandwich that has tuna. Like a peanut butter and jelly sandwich and a peanut butter sandwich, it has bread on the top and bottom. One tuna sandwich has 290 calories. A tuna sandwich is usually made with white bread. Mooresville, North Carolina Mooresville is a large town located in southern Iredell County, North Carolina, United States and is a part of the fast-growing Charlotte Metro. The population was 32,711 at the 2010 United States Census. Iredell County, North Carolina Iredell County is a county of the U.S. state of North Carolina. According to US Census projections in 2018, the population was 178,435. Its county seat is Statesville, and its largest town is Mooresville. The county was formed in 1788. Statesville, North Carolina Statesville is a city in Iredell County, North Carolina, United States. Statesville was created in 1789. The population was 24,532 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Iredell County and is part of the Charlotte metropolitan area. Tony Ford (judge) Anthony David Ford (1942 – 31 January 2020) was a New Zealand lawyer and jurist. He was a judge of the Employment Court of New Zealand and Chief Justice of the Kingdom of Tonga from 2006 to 2010. He was born in Hokitika on the West Coast of the South Island. He died on 31 January 2020. Owen Benjamin Owen Benjamin (born Owen Benjamin Smith; May 24, 1980) is an American offensive comedian. He is best known for his hatred of political correctness. He often discusses racist and antisemitic conspiracy theories. Early life and education. Owen Benjamin was born in 1980. He went to Plattsburgh State University. He started out as an actor in television in 2006. In 2008, Benjamin played a supporting character in the ʽmovieʼ The House Bunny. In 2009, he starred in the movie All's Faire in Love, co-starring Christina Ricci. In 2012, Benjamin started playing the protagonist’s best friend in the sitcom Sullivan and Son. Comedy. Benjamin modeled his comedy after that of Adam Sandler and Vince Vaughn. He says the most offensive things he can think of about everyone because he wants to show that no one gets to tell him what he can or cannot say. Politics. Owen Benjamin says that the transgender movement is just a modern day version of eugenics and that radio host Jesse Thorn is a child molester because he transitioned his kid. Benjamin says he wants to bring back slavery to enslave Shaun King(to get Shaun King to admit he is white). Benjamin is a creationist and does not believe that dinosaurs ever existed. He also says that HIV doesn't really exist. Views on race. Owen Benjamin has said that Hitler did not really hate the Jews but was trying to "clean Germany up" to get rid of the "parasites". Benjamin says that Jews control the media, Hollywood and pornography and that no one but the Jews wants any of them. Benjamin also said that no gas chambers were ever used during the Holocaust and that if the Jews end up with power they will destroy civilization. Benjamin also supports Peter Brimelow. Benjamin also made up lines from the Talmud that it didn't actually say to prove that Jews are evil. Benjamin also makes fun of people who do not like Holocaust denial. Alternative right. In a video attacking Ben Shapiro for criticizing Nick Fuentes and people on the Alt-right who support conspiracy theories, Owen Benjamin describes himself as on the Alt-right by saying “Do you know anyone else on the Alt-right who sings about moon landing conspiracies” and that “what Ben Shapiro doesn’t understand is that all that it means when we say we’re Alt-right is that we’re an alternative to the mainstream right!”. Personal life. In 2008, Owen Benjamin got engaged to Christina Ricci but later called off their marriage. He eventually married someone else and has had 4 children to date. Bernard Ebbers Bernard John "Bernie" Ebbers (August 27, 1941 – February 2, 2020) was a Canadian-American businessman and criminal. He was convicted of fraud and conspiracy as a result of WorldCom's false financial reporting. He co-founded WorldCom and was chief executive officer. Ebbers was born in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. In October 2019, it was reported that Ebbers had anemia, dementia and heart disease. He died on February 2, 2020 of dementia-related problems in Brookhaven, Mississippi at the age of 78. Mad Mike Hoare Thomas Michael "Mad Mike" Hoare (17 March 1919 – 2 February 2020) was an Irish mercenary leader and adventurer. He was known for his military activities in Africa and tried to lead a coup d'état in the Seychelles. Hoare died on 2 February 2020, aged 100. Salahuddin Wahid Salahuddin Wahid (11 September 1942 – 2 February 2020), known as Gus Solah, was an Indonesian Islamic scholar and politician. He was a member of the People's Consultative Assembly from 1998 to 1999 and was the vice chair of the National Commission on Human Rights from 2002 to 2004. During the 2004 presidential election, he became the running mate to Wiranto, though the ticket lost the election. Wahid was born in Jombang, Japanese Indies. He studied at Bandung Institute of Technology. In January 2020, Wahid had surgery at a Jakarta hospital. He died from problems caused by the surgery on 2 February 2020, aged 77. The Gentlemen (2019 movie) The Gentlemen is a 2019 action comedy movie written and directed by Guy Ritchie. It stars Matthew McConaughey, Charlie Hunnam, Henry Golding, Michelle Dockery, Jeremy Strong, Eddie Marsan, Colin Farrell and Hugh Grant. It is about an American marijuana kingpin in England who is looking to sell his company, setting off a chain of blackmail and schemes to undermine him. "The Gentlemen" premiered on December 3, 2019, and was theatrically released in the United Kingdom on January 1, 2020 and in the United States on January 24, 2020. It got positive reviews from critics. Duluth, Georgia Duluth is a city in Gwinnett County, Georgia, United States. It is a suburb of Atlanta. As of the 2010 census, Duluth had a population of 26,600. "Forbes" ranked Duluth 26th in "America's Best Places to Move" in 2009. Richmond, Illinois Richmond is a village in McHenry County, Illinois, United States, 44 miles south-southwest of Milwaukee, Wisconsin and 55 miles northwest of Chicago. The population was 1,874 at the 2010 census. Hanna Holborn Gray Hanna Holborn Gray (born October 25, 1930) is an American historian. Her work focused on Renaissance and Reformation political thought. She was Professor of History "Emerita" at the University of Chicago. She was president of the University of Chicago, from 1978 to 1993 and was acting president of Yale University in 1977-78. Gray was born in Heidelberg, Germany to American parents. She studied at Bryn Mawr College, University of Oxford and at Harvard University. Derek Bok Derek Curtis Bok (born March 22, 1930) is an American lawyer and educator. He was the Harvard University from 1971 through 1991 and again from 2006 to 2007. Bok was born in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. Baltistan Peak Baltistan Peak is a mountain in the Karakoram range, in Pakistan. It is also known as K6. Baintha Brakk is part of the Masherbrum subrange. It is the 89th highest mountain in the world. El Centro, California El Centro is a city in and county seat of Imperial County, California, United States. In 2018, the population was 44,120. Lakeport, California Lakeport is an incorporated city and county seat of Lake County, California. This city is northwest of Sacramento. The population was 4,753 at the 2010 census, down from 4,820 at the time of the 2000 census in the region. Bat-borne virus A bat-borne virus is a virus that is transmitted through bats. Bats are vectors for these viruses, they transmit them either through their saliva, or through their feces. Known examples of bat-borne viruses are the coronaviruses (such as those causing SARS and MERS), the Ebola virus, and some forms of rabies. Many bats live in groups, which remain close to each other for a long time. It is believed that this habit helps the spread of infections. Because of their ability to fly, bats also spread the viruses in a larger area than rodents do. Frank Shakespeare Francis J. Shakespeare (born April 9, 1925) is an American politician and media executive. He was the president of CBS Television before entering public service. He was the United States Ambassador to Portugal from 1985 to 1986 and the United States Ambassador to the Holy See from 1986 to 1989. Richard A. Snelling Richard Arkwright Snelling (February 18, 1927August 13, 1991) was an American businessman and politician. He was the 76th and 78th Governor of Vermont from 1977 to 1985 and from January 10, 1991 until his death. Snelling died of a heart attack at his home in Shelburne, Vermont on August 13, 1991 at the age of 64. Biratchowk Biratchowk is a City in Sundarharaicha Municipality, Morang District in the Koshi Zone of south-eastern Nepal. It is considered the emerging city in Morang District. Rishi Kapoor Rishi Kapoor (4 September 1952 – 30 April 2020) was an Indian actor, director and producer. He was known for his work in Hindi cinema. He won the National Film Award for his debut role as a child artist in his father Raj Kapoor's 1970 movie "Mera Naam Joker" (1970). In 2018, Kapoor was diagnosed with bone marrow cancer, and therefore, he went to New York City for treatment and then went back to India after a successful year of treatment. However, he was hospitalized on April 29, 2020 due to breathing difficulties and died of respiratory failure caused by cancer at a hospital in Mumbai on 30 April 2020, aged 67. Peter Serkin Peter Adolf Serkin (July 24, 1947 – February 1, 2020) was an American classical pianist. He won the Grammy Award for Most Promising New Classical Recording Artist in 1966. He taught at the Curtis Institute of Music, the Juilliard School, Yale University, and Bard College. Serkin died from pancreatic cancer at his home in Red Hook, New York, on February 1, 2020 at the age of 72. Newfane, Vermont Newfane is the shire town (county seat) of Windham County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,726 at the 2010 census. Marlboro, Vermont Marlboro is a town in Windham County, Vermont, United States. The population was 978 at the 2000 census. VirtualBox VirtualBox is a general-purpose full virtualizer for x86 hardware, targeted at server, desktop and embedded use. Many Operating Systems (OS) work on VirtualBox, For Example, NextStep OS can be installed on Virtual Box. London's Burning (TV series) London's Burning is a British television drama programme. It was produced by London Weekend Television for the ITV network. It is about the lives of members of the London Fire Brigade at the fictional Blackwall fire station. It began with a TV movie pilot, shown on 7 December 1986. There were 14 series. They ran from 20 February 1988 to 25 August 2002. TV movie. Jack Rosenthal's original two-hour TV movie was shown on ITV on 7 December 1986. It was directed by Les Blair. The Broadwater Farm riot inspired the screenplay. The series. Series 1–3 (1988–1990). The TV show was a weekly episodic drama that began on 20 February 1988. Paul Knight was the show's producer. Writers included Anita Bronson, David Humphries, Simon Sharkey, and Tony Hoare (writer). Directors included Gerry Poulson, Gerry Mill, John Reardon, Keith Washington and Alan Wareing. Emergencies, called 'shouts', would not only be fires, but included a range of incidents from cats up trees to major road accidents. Each episode ran for 50 minutes (one hour with advertisement breaks). The first series had five episodes. The second and third series each had eight episodes. Episodes were mostly filmed at Dockhead fire station in Bermondsey in London. Real firefighters working shifts were extras on the programme. A studio near the station was used for crowded mess scenes. They also used the fire station's actual mess, bay and watchroom throughout the series. 'Ding Dong Merrily' Christmas special. A Christmas special was transmitted between series 1 and 2 on 25 December 1988, on ITV. The special followed Blue Watch on duty on Christmas Day. 'Stunts and Stars' documentary. On 8 September 1991, a special 30-minute behind-the-scenes documentary started the fourth series. This documentary was also released onto VHS video, by Clear Vision Video. It was then added as a DVD extra, on the Series 4 DVD release by Network DVD. Series 4 (1991). In 1991, LWT commissioned 10 episodes for Series 4. It became the most popular series of the drama. Paul Knight had appointed Brian Clark as the Fire Brigade Advisor. The writers, directors, and Clark decided on a climax to the fourth series. The mental state of one of the main characters deteriorates after being buried alive under a collapsed wall. This is during a spectacular 20-pump warehouse fire. Series 4's climax won the programme a record rating of 18.86 million viewers. Series 5 (1992). Each series now included a major disaster or "shout". In Series 5, a spinning wheel ride at a fairground is jammed by a youth, played by Liam McGuire, armed with a pole. The ride collapses, and there is a huge fire with people trapped in the crushed metal. The series attracted 17 million viewers. Series 6–9 (1993–1996). In the early 1990s, the ratings averaged 17–18 million viewers. In 1995 (Series 8), ratings fell to 16 million viewers. Paul Knight decided it was time for a tragic exit for one of the main characters. The man who was to be killed was Sub Officer John Hallam. Hallam was killed off in 1996 (Series 9) during a huge warehouse fire. He and his colleague, Leading Firefighter Geoff Pearce, were attempting to rescue four teenage girls. They were on an unstable gantry above a blaze in the basement. Hallam held the gantry steady for Pearce as he walked across with one of the girls. As Hallam attempted to cross, the gantry cracked and Hallam fell to his death. The writers developed a storyline about Pearce feeling an overwhelming sense of guilt after the accident, which would lead to him considering a transfer. Series 9 attracted 16.8 million viewers. Series 10 (1997). Series 10 was the last series produced by Paul Knight. It had 18 episodes. It focused on the crew's domestic lives rather than firefighting work. Budget cuts led to scenes being done with computer-generated imagery. Notable 'shouts' included ones at a paint factory and another at a bus depot. Series 11–14 (1998–2002). The new producer was David Shanks. Series 11, 12 and 13 saw the return to firefighting scenes as the primary focus. Series 14 was almost completely based on soap opera-style story lines, with the number of fire 'shouts' severely reduced. Viewing figures slumped as the series was critically panned. In 2002 "London's Burning" was cut from the schedule; the final episode was broadcast on 25 August 2002 in a two-hour slot. 'Duty Log' video special. In 2000 a 90-minute behind-the-scenes special was released on VHS video. Theme music. The "London's Burning" theme used in Series 1–10 was composed by Simon Brint, Rowland Rivron, and Roddy Matthews. Series 11–13 used a theme composed by Warren Bennett. The series 14 theme was composed by Stuart Hancock and Toby Jarvis and produced at London-based music production house Mcasso Music. Hancock also composed the original incidental music score to all episodes of series 14. Opening titles. Series 1–10 lacked a title sequence. The episodes opened with the text "London's Burning". It was in Futura bold condensed typeface and was superimposed in white over the opening scene of the episode. Series 11–13 used a montage of action shots superimposed over a fiery background as the text "London's Burning" superimposed in gold and black slowly grew in size over the course of the sequence. It quickly zoomed to fill the screen on the final musical flourish. Series 14 used a shorter montage of action and character shots before the text "london's burning" in orange and white appeared and moved closer together over a shot of fire engines emerging from the station. Locations. The first few series used Dockhead Fire Station at 8 Wolseley Street, London SE1, as the exterior for Blackwall. The Jacob Street studio is opposite. It had a full scale reproduction of the mess, built by Colin Monk. The actual station mess was also used in the series, as were many other parts of the station and its actual firefighters. Dockhead is still an operational fire station but the original station building was demolished and replaced in 2015. The Swan and Sugar Loaf pub, which featured as the firefighters' local pub, has since been converted to flats. The location is about 800 metres from Tower Bridge. The Restaurant opened by Mike 'Bayleaf' Wilson in series 9 was filmed on location at The Chequers Inn, Deal, Kent. Later series used the exterior of Leyton Fire Station and the Oliver Twist pub opposite. DVD Releases. All series of London's Burning were released between 2005 and 2011. Later showings. As of 6 January 2019, Drama is re-showing "London's Burning" at one episode per weekday (2.20–3.20 pm Monday to Friday). Northern bat The northern bat ("Eptesicus nilssonii") is a species of bat in Eurasia. It is related to the serotine bat ("Eptesicus serotinus"). Supporting character A supporting character is an important fictional character in any book, movie or television show who is not the protagonist. Clipperton Island Clipperton Island is an uninhabited atoll in the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of Central America. It is about in size, and is an overseas territory of France. In Spanish, it is known as "Isla de la Pasión. It is about" from Acapulco. The nearest French settlements is Papeete, away. Paris is away. Clipperton Island is about south-east of Socorro Island in the Revillagigedo Archipelago, which is the nearest land. Peter Brimelow Peter Brimelow is a British-born American paleoconservative. There are a lot of people who say that he is racist. He says that he is not racist and that “the modern definition of a ‘racist’ is someone who’s winning an argument with a liberal”. Life. Peter Brimelow was born in England in 1947. He and his twin brother studied at the University of Sussex and at Stanford University. He moved to Toronto and worked as an editor for a Canadian newspaper called the Financial Post and for a Canadian magazine called Maclean’s. In 1978, he started working for a Republican United States Senator named Orrin Hatch. In 1980, Brimelow moved to New York and started working for American magazines. He was the editor of Forbes Magazine from 1986 to 2002. Political beliefs. Brimelow is opposed to immigration legal or not. He said that California was once “paradise” which is to say heaven but that Hispanics had turned it into a slum. Brimelow does not like to be called a white nationalist and sued the New York Times for saying he was one. Brimelow started an anti-immigration website called VDARE which published work by Jared Taylor and Sam T. Francis. In 2008, he said that the Republican Party of the United States should focus on getting white people to vote for them. In 2012, he gave a speech attacking multiculturalism at CPAC. Books. Brimelow wrote a book called Alien Nation in which he said that immigration to the US was a “disaster”. Brimelow wrote a book called The Worm in the Apple in which he criticizes teachers’ unions. Brimelow wrote a book called The Patriot Game about Canada and why in his opinion there is no set of ideas that Canada is built on. Gas-fired power plant A Gas-fired power plant is a power plant which uses natural gas to generate electricity. About a quarter of the world's electricity need is generated using gas-fired power plants. As the gas is burnt to generate the electricity, this also contributes greenhouse gases and contributes to global warming Yoronjima Yoronjima (与論島, Okinawan and Yoron: ユンヌ "Yunnu"; Kunigami: ユンヌー "Yunnuu)" is one of the Amami Islands of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. In 2018, it had 5,056 people. Most of them are Ryukyuan, who are the natives of the Ryūkyū Islands. Virgin of the Rocks The Virgin on the Rocks is a painting by Leonardo da Vinci. It was very controversial and had two versions. The painting showed Mary, John the Baptist, Jesus, and an angel. Mary was holding John the Baptist while Jesus blessed them. This painting was quite controversial because Mary wasn't remotely touching Jesus at all, so Da Vinci made a second version of the painting. Mary looks very graceful, which was a traditional Renaissance fashion. The French version was the first time that a Renaissance artist did not paint the Virgin Mary with a halo. Numerous symbols and emblems in local churches of the Lierna Lake Como area and other medieval structures also lead explorers to discover the important role of the Knights Templar in this region, including indications that Leonardo's painting may have served as a mysterious map to a secret passage in a area of ​​the Grigna mountain range known as Alpe di Campione. The rock formations, caves, waterfalls and breathtaking views of the Grigna massif and the surrounding Lierna mountains on Lake Como deeply inspired Leonardo da Vinci's development. Bay (horse) A bay horse is a horse who is reddish brown with black legs, mane and tail. Peronism Peronism or justicialism is an Argentine political movement based on the ideas and legacy of Argentine president Juan Perón (1895–1974). It has been an influential movement in Argentine politics. Since 1946 Peronists have won 10 out of the 13 presidential elections in which they have been allowed to run. The main Peronist party is the Justicialist Party. The ideas of each president were different, but the general ideology has been described as "a vague blend of nationalism and labourism" or populism. Juan Perón became Argentina's minister of labour after participating in the 1943 military coup and was elected president of Argentina in 1946. He introduced social programs that benefited the working class, supported labor unions, and called for additional involvement of the state in the economy. In addition he helped industrialists. Perón was very popular and gained even more admiration through his wife, Eva, who championed for the rights of migrant workers and was loved by the people. Due to rising inflation and other economic problems, the military overthrew Perón in 1955. The Peronist party was banned and it wasn't until 1973 that open elections were held again. In the 1973 election, Perón was again elected president. He died the next year and his widow, Isabel, took his place as president. Perón's death had led to disunity and the military overthrew Isabel in 1976. Peronist Carlos Menem was president from 1989 to1999. His policies were very different from previous Peronists, he focused on privatization, free-market policies, and international relations. Peronist Néstor Kirchner was president from 2003 to 2007, and his wife Cristina Fernández de Kirchner was president from 2007 to 2015. According to the Economist, the Kirchners returned to "economic nationalism and near-autarky". The ideology of the Kirchners is known as Kirchnerism. Yellow-dog contract A yellow-dog contract (a yellow-dog clause of a contract, or an ironclad oath) is an agreement between an employer and an employee. The employee agrees not to be a part of a trade union. This was part of a contract which employers and employees signed when employees were hired. In the United States, yellow-dog contracts or yellow-dog clauses were often used by employers to stop the creation of unions. It let employers take legal action against union organizers. In 1932, yellow-dog contracts were made illegal in the United States under the Norris-LaGuardia Act. The term yellow-dog clause can also have another meaning: non-compete clauses inside of or added to a non-disclosure agreement to stop an employee from working for other employers in the same industry. Seven Sisters, London Seven Sisters is an area in North London. It is in the borough of Haringey, in London, United Kingdom. Image sensor An image sensor is an electronic device that can record an image. Usually, image sensors work by detecting the level, and intensity of light. Most sensors work on visible light and infrared light. There are special sensors which can detect X-Rays and Gamma Radiation. There are different ways in which to build such sensors: In 2020, the most common sensor technologies were CCD and CMOS. Lake Bonney (South Australia) Lake Bonney is a coastal freshwater lake in South Australia. Lake Bonney is the lake that was talked about in the song, "My Bonnie" by the Beatles. Chicken sandwich A chicken sandwich is a type of food. It might have came from the southern United States. Some fast food restaurants sell chicken sandwiches, like Chick-fil-A and McDonald's. Toppings like pickles and a sauce mix can be added to the sandwich. Variation. In some Latin American countries, chicken can be added to a sandwich called pepito. The Naked Sun The Naked Sun is a science fiction mystery novel written by Isaac Asimov. It is about a human detective named Elijah Baley who goes to another planet called Solaria and has to try and solve a murder with the help of a robot named Daneel Olivaw. The people on Solaria hate having to be in the same room as other humans are in and have robots to do everything for them. The robots can't do anything to hurt anyone because of the Three Laws of Robotics. The only person who was ever in the same room as the victim was his wife but Baley doesn't believe she did it. Baley has to try and prove that robots were tricked into killing her without realising that that is what they were doing by a scientist who hated and was afraid of people and to figure out why he did it. Kenneth Anger Kenneth Anger (born Kenneth Wilbur Anglemyer, February 3, 1927) is an American filmmaker, actor and author. He has been called "one of America's first openly gay filmmakers". His best known works were "Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome" (1954), "Scorpio Rising" (1964), "Kustom Kar Kommandos" (1965), and the gossip book "Hollywood Babylon" (1965). John Russell (equestrian) Colonel John William Russell (February 2, 1920 – September 30, 2020) was an American equestrian. He won a bronze medal at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. He helped organize two World Modern Pentathlon Championships. He retired and opened the Russell Equestrian Center and was added into the United States Show Jumping Hall of Fame in 2001. Russell died on September 30, 2020 in San Antonio, Texas at the age of 100. Palestine Palestine usually refers to: Dauphin, Pennsylvania Dauphin is a borough in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 791 at the 2010 census. Judith Viorst Judith Viorst (née Stahl, February 2, 1931) is an American writer, newspaper journalist, and psychoanalysis researcher. She is known for writing "Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day" (1972), which has sold over two million copies. Center-right Center-right politics are a set of opinions about politics that usually but not always agree with right-wing politics and when it doesn't is still normally more right-wing than people who support left-wing politics are. Right-centrists can be Rockefeller Republicans, Red Tories or conservatives who are pro-life. 2011 Stanley Cup Finals The 2011 Stanley Cup Finals was the 118th edition of the Stanley Cup. It included the Western Conference champions, the Vancouver Canucks and the Eastern Conference champions, the Boston Bruins. Boston beat the Canucks in 7 games to win the Stanley cup. This was the Bruins' 6th Stanley Cup win and they have the 4th-most Stanley Cups in the NHL. They played 7 games, ending in Vancouver, where Boston won Game 7, the final game, 4-0, to win the series 4 games to 3. Der Fuehrer's Face Der Fuehrer's Face, also known as Donald Duck in Nutzi Land, was a popular World War II animated cartoon released in 1943. In the cartoon, Donald Duck has a nightmare that he lives in Germany slaving under the Nazi regime. The "Nutzis" are caricatures of Benito Mussolini on the bass drum, Herman Göring on the piccolo, Hideki Tojo on the tuba, Heinrich Himmler on the snare drum, and Joseph Goebbels on the trombone. Wolfeboro, New Hampshire Wolfeboro is a town in Carroll County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 6,269. Ossipee, New Hampshire Ossipee is a town in and the county seat of Carroll County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 4,345. Charlie Hunnam Charles Matthew Hunnam (born 10 April 1980) is an English actor. He is best known for playing Jackson "Jax" Teller in the FX drama series "Sons of Anarchy" (2008–2014). He has also had roles as Nathan Maloney in the Channel 4 drama "Queer as Folk" (1999–2000) and Lloyd Haythe in the Fox comedy series "Undeclared" (2001–2002). He has appeared in movies such as "Nicholas Nickleby" (2002), "Green Street" (2005), "Pacific Rim" (2013), "The Lost City of Z" (2017), "" (2017) and "The Gentlemen" (2019). Hunnam was born in Newcastle, Tyne and Wear. He was married to actress Katharine Towne from 1999 to 2002. He has been dating artist Morgana McNelis since 2005. Rochester Hills, Michigan Rochester Hills is a city in Oakland County, Michigan, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 70,995. Willie Wood William Vernell Wood Sr. (December 23, 1936February 3, 2020) was an American football safety for the Green Bay Packers in the National Football League (NFL). He was a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Wood died of dementia-related problems on February 3, 2020 at an assisted living facility in Washington, D.C. at the age of 83. Lexington, Missouri Lexington is a city in Lafayette County, Missouri, United States. The population was 4,726 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Lafayette County. Lafayette County, Missouri Lafayette County is a county located in the western portion of the U.S. state of Missouri and is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area. As of the 2010 census, the population was 33,381. Its county seat is Lexington. Niangua, Missouri Niangua is a city in Webster County, Missouri, United States. The population was 405 at the 2010 census. Marshfield, Missouri Marshfield is a city in and the county seat of Webster County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 6,633. Wheatland, Missouri Wheatland is a city in Hickory County, Missouri, United States. The population was 371 at the 2010 census. Moody Awori Arthur Moody Awori (born 5 December 1928), known as "Uncle Moody", is a Kenyan politician and writer. He was the ninth Vice President of Kenya from 25 September 2003 to 9 January 2008. Awori was born in Butere. Awori was first elected as a Member of Parliament representing Funyula Constituency in Busia District in Western Province in 1984. Under President Daniel arap Moi, he was in several positions as assistant minister. Muztagh Tower Muztagh Tower is a mountain in the Karakoram range, in China and Pakistan. It is part of the Baltoro Muztagh subrange. Muztagh Tower is the 90th highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top were Ian McNaught-Davis, Joe Brown, John Hartog, and Tom Patey, in 1956. Scratching Scratching, sometimes referred to as scrubbing, is a DJ and turntablist technique of moving a vinyl record back and forth on a turntable to produce percussive or rhythmic sounds. A crossfader on a DJ mixer may be used to fade between two records simultaneously. While scratching is most associated with hip hop music, where it emerged in the mid-1970s, from the 1990s it has been used in some styles of rap rock, rap metal and nu metal. In hip hop culture, scratching is one of the measures of a DJ's skills. DJs compete in scratching competitions at the DMC World DJ Championship and IDA (International DJ Association, formerly known as ITF (International Turntablist Federation). At scratching competitions, DJs can use only scratch-oriented gear (turntables, DJ mixer, digital vinyl systems or vinyl records only). In recorded hip hop songs, scratched "hooks" often use portions of other songs. Subculture. While scratching is becoming more and more popular in pop music, particularly with the crossover success of pop-hip hop tracks in the 2010s, sophisticated scratching and other expert turntablism techniques are still predominantly an underground style developed by the DJ subculture. The Invisibl Skratch Piklz from San Francisco focuses on scratching. In 1994, the group was formed by DJs Q-Bert, Disk & Shortkut and later Mix Master Mike. In July 2000, San Francisco's Yerba Buena Center for the Arts held Skratchcon2000, the first DJ Skratch forum that provided “the education and development of skratch music literacy”. In 2001, Thud Rumble became an independent company that works with DJ artists to produce and distribute scratch records. In 2004, "Scratch Magazine", one of the first publications about hip hop DJs and record producers, released its debut issue, following in the footsteps of the lesser-known "Tablist" magazine. Pedestrian is a UK arts organisation that runs Urban Music Mentors workshops led by DJs. At these workshops, DJs teach youth how to create beats, use turntables to create mixes, act as an MC at events, and perform club sets. Use outside hip hop. Scratching has been incorporated into a number of other musical genres, including pop, rock, jazz, some subgenres of heavy metal (notably nu metal) and some contemporary and avant-garde classical music performances. For recording use, samplers are often used instead of physically scratching a vinyl record. DJ Product©1969, formerly of the rap rock band Hed PE, recalled that the punk rock band the Vandals was the first rock band he remembered seeing use turntable scratching. Product©1969 also recalled the early rap metal band Proper Grounds, which was signed to Madonna's Maverick Records, as being another one of the first rock bands to utilize scratching in their music. Guitarist Tom Morello, known for his work with Rage Against the Machine and Audioslave, has performed guitar solos that imitate scratching by using the kill switch on his guitar. Perhaps the best-known example is "Bulls on Parade", in which he creates scratch-like rhythmic sounds by rubbing the strings over the pick-ups while using the pickup selector switch as a crossfader. Since the 1990s, scratching has been used in a variety of popular music genres such as nu metal, exemplified by Linkin Park, Slipknot and Limp Bizkit. It has also been used by artists in pop music (e.g. Nelly Furtado) and alternative rock (e.g. Incubus). Scratching is also popular in various electronic music styles, such as hard-groove techno. Colm Meaney Colm J. Meaney (; born 30 May 1953) is an Irish actor. He is known for playing Miles O'Brien in ' (1987–1994) and ' (1993–1999). He has appeared in other TV shows including "Law & Order", "The Simpsons" and "Hell on Wheels". His movie credits include "The Barrytown Trilogy" (1991–1996), "Con Air" (1997), "Intermission" (2003), "The Damned United" (2009), "Get Him to the Greek" (2010), "" (2013) and "The Journey" (2016). Meaney was born in Glasnevin, Dublin. He has been married twice and has two daughters. He lives in Sóller, Mallorca of the Spanish Balearic Islands. The Irish Times The Irish Times is an Irish daily broadsheet newspaper. It was launched on 29 March 1859. The editor has been Paul O'Neill since 2017, and the deputy editor is Deirdre Veldon. "The Irish Times" is published each day of the week except Sunday. The Most Mysterious Song on the Internet The Most Mysterious Song on the Internet is an ongoing internet search. It involves many internet users from around the world trying to find out the artist and the title of a new wave song that played on a German radio station in 1984 . Background. A Rolling Stone article in September 2019 says that a man named "Darius S." recorded the song from a radio program called "Musik für junge Leute" ("Music for Young People") he listened to on the German public radio station NDR, probably in 1984. Darius says he recorded the song on a tape labeled "cassette 4", along with songs from XTC and The Cure that were released in around 1984. Further evidence shows that the Technics tape deck that he used to record the song on was also made in 1984. In 2007, Darius' sister, posting under the fake name "Anton," posted the song on the internet to try to find out the artist and the title of the song. The woman, who identified herself as "Lydia H.", posted part of the song to a German fan website devoted to eighties synth-pop and to spiritofradio.ca, a Canadian website that helps to identify songs uploaded by fans. Viral internet phenomenon. The mystery of the unidentified song became very popular in 2019 when a Brazilian teenager named Gabriel da Silva Vieira started to look for evidence of its origin. He uploaded a clip of the song to YouTube, and to several Reddit groups. On July 9, 2019, YouTuber Justin Whang released an episode of his video series "Tales from the Internet". The episode talks about the progress of the search up to then. When the video was released, more internet users have tried to help to identify the song. After the video came out, some progress was made. The whole song was found and posted by a Reddit user in July 2019. Furthermore, people who might have known the song were contacted. This includes people such as Paul Baskerville, who was the DJ of the show from which the song was likely recorded. He has said he does not remember the song. The Discord community of the search has also found other undocumented and/or obscure media of various genres. José Luis Cuerda José Luis Cuerda Martínez (18 February 1947 – 4 February 2020) was a Spanish movie director, screenwriter and producer. He was born in Albacete, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. His best known works were "Butterfly's Tongue", "Amanece, que no es poco" and "The Blind Sunflowers". He won a Goya Award in 1988. Cuerda died at his home in Madrid on 4 February 2020 at the age of 72. Terry Hands Terence David Hands (9 January 1941 – 4 February 2020) was an English theatre director. He founded the Liverpool Everyman Theatre and ran the Royal Shakespeare Company for thirteen years. He also saved Clwyd Theatr Cymru from closure. He was thought to be one of Britain’s most respected theatre directors. He was born in Aldershot, Hampshire. Hands died on 4 February 2020 at the age of 79. Nadia Lutfi Nadia Lutfi or Nadia Loutfi (; born Poula Mohamed Mostafa Shafiq (); 3 January 1937 – 4 February 2020) was an Egyptian actress. Her best known roles were "The Night of Counting the Years" and "Saladin the Victorious". Lutfi died on 4 February 2020 at a hospital in Cairo at the age of 83. Teodor Shanin Teodor Shanin OBE (30 October 1930 – 4 February 2020) was a Lithuanian-born British-Russian sociologist. He worked as a Professor of Sociology at the University of Manchester. He was best known for his first book, "The Awkward Class, Political Sociology of Peasantry in a Developing Society, Russia, 1910-25" (Clarendon Press, 1972). He founded the The Open Society Institute, Ford Foundation and the Moscow School for the Social and Economic Sciences in 1995. Shanin was President of the Moscow School, Professor Emeritus of the University of Manchester, and an Honorary Fellow of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In 2002 he was awarded the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for service to education in Russia. Taylor's theorem Taylor's theorem is a theorem named after Brook Taylor, who first stated it in 1712: It is possible to approximate a function at a given point using polynomials. These polynomials are the result of a Taylor series. Hang Hang or hanging may mean: Romanija Romanija is a mountain, karst plateau, and area in the Republika Srpska. Many towns are in the area, such as Pale, Sokolac, and Han Pijesak. The highest point on the mountain is Veliki Lupoglav (1,652 m). A football club from the nearby town of Pale, FK Romanija, is named after the mountain. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia In 1831 the Cherokee took the state of Georgia to the Supreme Court, to resist the Indian Removal Act. When they took Georgia to the Supreme Court they actually won a favorable decision in their end, but President Andrew Jackson refused to enforce and ignored it. This ruling is known as Cherokee Nation v. Georgia today. Ritual purification Ritual purification is the ritual prescribed by a religion by which a person is considered to be free of "uncleanliness". Many religgions require that those worshipping should be in this state.Ritual purity is a state of ritual cleanliness. Ritual purification may also apply to objects and places. Ritual uncleanliness is not identical with ordinary physical impurity, such as dirt stains; nevertheless, body fluids are generally considered ritually unclean. Most of these rituals existed long before the germ theory of disease, and figure prominently from the earliest known religious systems of the Ancient Near East. Some writers connect the rituals to taboos. Some have seen benefits of these practices for health and preventing infections especially in areas where humans come in close contact with each other. While these practices came before the idea of the germ theory was public in areas that use daily cleaning, the destruction of infectious agents seems to be dramatic. Others have described a 'dimension of purity' that is universal in religions that seeks to move us away from disgust, (at one extreme) and to uplift us towards purity and divinity (at the other extreme). Away from uncleanliness to purity, and away from deviant to moral behavior, (within one's cultural context). Monolatry Monolatry ( ["monos"] = single, and ["latreia"] = worship) is belief that many gods exist, but that only one of them is worshipped. The term "monolatry" was perhaps first used by Julius Wellhausen. Monolatry is different from monotheism, which asserts there is only one god, and henotheism, a religious system in which the believer worships one god without denying that others may worship different gods with equal validity. Hang (instrument) The Hang (; plural form: Hanghang) is a musical instrument. It is in the idiophone class. It was created by Felix Rohner and Sabina Schärer in Bern, Switzerland. The Hang is sometimes called "hang drum", but the people who made the hang think that this is wrong and that people should not call it that. Mendenhall Springs, California Mendenhall Springs is an unincorporated community in Alameda County, California. It is 554 m above sea level, and lies 14 km southeast of Livermore. Deaths in March 2020 The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in March 2020. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Individuals listed must have . Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting. Each listing of a death must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source. March. Kino (band) Kino (, ) was a Soviet rock band formed in Leningrad in 1982. The band was co-founded and headed by Viktor Tsoi, who wrote the music and lyrics for almost all of the band's songs. Kino released over 90 songs, several studio albums, and a few live albums. Their music was widely recorded illegally. After the Soviet Union became more open, Kino became popular around the world. In 1989, they had a small concert in New York City. They also became very popular in Russia. Their album "Gruppa Krovi" was called one of the best works of Russian music. Viktor Tsoi died in a car accident in 1990. After releasing an album of the songs they were working on before Tsoi's death, Kino broke up. In 2012, on Tsoi's fiftieth birthday, the band reunited to record a song called 'Ataman'. This song would have been in their last album, but the only recording of it that they had was bad. Viktor Tsoi Viktor Robertovich Tsoi (; 21 June 1962 – 15 August 1990) was a Soviet singer and songwriter. He co-founded Kino, one of the most popular bands in Russia at its time. Life. Tsoi was born and raised in Leningrad. He started writing songs when he was a teenager. He made lots of music - ten albums in total. After Kino was in the 1987 Soviet film "Assa", it became very popular. This lead to Tsoi having a leading role in the Kazakh new wave art film "The Needle". In 1990, after their large concert at the Luzhniki Stadium. Tsoi moved to Latvia with another member of Kino, Yuri Kasparyan to work on Kino's next album. Two months after the concert in the Luzhniki Stadium, Tsoi died in a car crash. Tsoi and his music are still widely popular. References. <br> Rowlatt Act The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes of 1919 (popularly known as the Rowlatt Act) was a law passed in 1919 by British India. Under this law, the government got many powers, including the ability to arrest people and keep them in prisons without a trial. They also obtained the power to stop newspapers from reporting and printing news. The people called this act the Black Act. Indians protested against this law in many places. This act was stopped by an Indian freedom fighter Mahatma Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi decided to launch a nationwide, non-violent civil disobedience against the unjust Rowlatt Act. It began with a hartal on 6 April 1919. Rallies were organised in various cities, workers went on strike in railways workshops and shops closed down. Alarmed by the popular upsurge and scared that lines of communication such as railways and telegraph would be disrupted. The British administration decided to clamp down on nationalism. Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar and Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering Delhi. On 10 April, 1919 the police in Amritsar fired upon a peaceful procession, provoking a widespread attack on banks, post offices and railway stations. Frank H. T. Rhodes Frank Harold Trevor Rhodes (October 29, 1926 – February 3, 2020) was a British-American academic. He was the ninth president of Cornell University from 1977 to 1995. Rhodes was born in Warwickshire, England. Rhodes taught geology at the University of Durham between 1951 and 1954. He was appointed as a member of the National Science Board under President Ronald Reagan, and as a member of the President's Educational Policy Advisory Committee by President George H.W. Bush. Between 1984 and 2002 Rhodes was on the Board of Directors of General Electric. Rhodes died on February 3, 2020 in Bonita Springs, Florida at the age of 93. Volker David Kirchner Volker David Kirchner (25 June 1942 – 4 February 2020) was a German composer and violist. He worked for many years as a violist in the hr-Sinfonieorchester in Frankfurt, and for two years as a composer of incidental music at the Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden. Kirchner died on 4 February 2020 in Wiesbaden at the age of 77. Diran Diran is a mountain in the Karakoram range, in Pakistan. It is the 93rd highest mountain in the world. The first people to reach the top were Rainer Goeschl, Rudolph Pischinger and Hanns Schell, in 1968. While it is not thought to be hard to climb, it is dangerous as avalanches are common. Philip K. Chapman Philip Kenyon Chapman (5 March 1935 – 5 April 2021) was an Australian-American astronaut. He was the first Australian-born astronaut. Chapman served with the Royal Australian Air Force Reserve from 1953 to 1955. He learnt to fly (in a Tiger Moth) during Australian national service. In 1956, he earned a B.S. in physics and mathematics from the University of Sydney. From 1956 to 1957, he worked for Philips Electronics Industries Proprietary Limited in Sydney, New South Wales. He then spent 15 months at Antarctica's Mawson Station with the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE). He worked as a physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States from 1961 to 1967. He served for about five years in NASA Astronaut Group 6 (1967). Chapman was born in Melbourne, Victoria. He moved to Sydney as a child. He was married and had two children. Chapman died on 5 April 2021 in Arizona, at the age of 86. William Phillips (economist) Alban William Housego "A. W." "Bill" Phillips, MBE (18 November 1914 – 4 March 1975) was a New Zealand economist. He was a professor of economics at the London School of Economics (LSE). His best-known contribution to economics is the Phillips curve. It explains the relationship between inflation and unemployment rate in the economy. He first described it in 1958. He also created the MONIAC hydraulic economics computer in 1949. Bob Morane (video game series) Bob Morane is a series of platform adventure video games. It was made by Infogrames Entertainment in 1987. It was based on the character of the same name who first appeared in comic books. Jiří Kylián Jiří Kylián (born 21 March 1947) is a Czech former dancer and contemporary dance choreographer. Biography. Family. Jiří Kylián was born in 1947 in Prague – Czechoslovakia, as one of two sons to his father Václav who was a banker and to his mother Markéta, who was as a young teenager a dancer-child protégée. Education. During the years 1962-1967 Kylián studied at the Prague Conservatory. One teacher of the Conservatory, who left a deep mark on Kylián´s professional development, was Zora Šemberová, known for her world´s first interpretation of Juliet (1938) in Prokofiev’s famous ballet. In 1967 Kylián had received a scholarship to study at the "Royal Ballet School" in London, Stuttgart Ballet. He met John Cranko, choreographer, there, who offered him a contract, to become a member of his acclaimed "Stuttgart Ballett". Before taking up his contract, Kylián shortly returned to Prague, but on August 21st, 1968, the invasion of the communist "Warsaw-Pact " forces began. On the 28th of August, after taking part in many demonstrations against the occupation, Kylián left for Germany. In Stuttgart Cranko asked Kylián to create choreographies for the company. His first work was "Kommen und Gehen", created with Marcia Haydée and Richard Cragun. In the early 70’s Cranko invited Glen Tetley to become resident choreographer in Stuttgart. Tetley´s work made a great impression on Kylián, namely Tetley’s understanding of movement, and its relation to space, was a revelation for Kylián. Netherlands Dance Theatre. In early seventies, Kylián was invited to create his first choreography for the Netherlands Dance Theatre ("Viewers-1973"). Having created two more works for NDT ("Stoolgame" 1974 and "La Cathédrale Engloutie" 1975) the offer to become artistic director of NDT together with Hans Knill, was extented to him. The creation of "Sinfonietta", to music of Kylian´s co-patriot Leoš Janáček for the "Charleston Festival" in the USA in 1978 led to international recognition of the company. Subsequently many important international tours of NDT have taken place incl. Metropolitan Opera House in New York, the Paris Opera etc. During Kyliáns engagement in NDT (1975-2009), he has created more than 75 choreographies for the company. Further pieces he made for other worldwide companies, such as the Stuttgart Ballet, the Opéra de Paris, the Munich Bayerisches Staatsballett, and the Tokyo Ballet. Realizing the importance of education of young dancers, Jiří Kylián and Carel Birnie, the managing director of NDT, have decided in 1978 to create a new company - NDT II, in which young people would get the opportunity to develop their skills and talents. After many years of directorship, Kylián saw the departure of many fine and interesting performers. It was in 1991 that he decided to create a small group for dancers, who find themselves in the precarious age between "forty and death". The world premiere of this “Senior Company” was created by choreographers: Hans van Manen, Mats Ek, William Forsythe and Jiří Kylián. The original dancers were: Sabine Kupferberg, Alida Chase, Gérard Lemaitre and Niklas Ek. The importance of this new development in dance was instantly recognized by the public as well as by the media. This unique, three-dimensional structure, NDT I – mature dancers, NDT II – young dancers, NDT III – senior dancers, residing in its own theater, designed and built by architect Rem Koolhaas in 1987, placed NDT in a totally new category. It has become different from any other dance company in the world, and was recognized as such by being given various prestigious awards. Further activities. In the recent years Kylián’s creativity is focused on film, video and photography. The films “Carmen”, “Schwarzfahrer”, “Between Entrance and Exit”, “Scalamare” and the photo installation “Free fall” were all created in collaboration with his lifelong partner and muse Sabine Kupferberg. In 1988 Kylián established the Kylian Foundation in The Hague (originally named as “Kylián Choreographic Archive”). In 2008 the Kylian Production BV was set up in the Netherlands and in 2017 Kylián Fund Prague was founded in the Czech Republic. Selected works (choreography). Theatre works from 1973 to 2019: Selected Awards. During his career, Kylian has received many prestigeous, international awards and honours, such as: Films. Films from 2006 to 2017: Hailey Bieber Hailey Rhode Bieber ("née" Baldwin; November 22, 1996) was an American model and television personality. She was the daughter of Stephen Baldwin and was married to Canadian singer Justin Bieber. She was born in Tuscon, Arizona. In March 2016, Baldwin signed a contract with IMG Models high-profile New York modeling agency and in May appeared on the cover of "Marie Claire". Baldwin was also the face of Karl Lagerfeld's limited-edition clothing line available in North America entitled "Love From Paris". Baldwin also appeared in editorials for "Glamour Magazine" and "Italian Vogue". In May 2017, she began hosting a new TBS show "Drop the Mic" with rapper Method Man, which features four celebrities facing off in a series of rap battles. In March 2022, Bieber was hospitalized after having a transient ischemic attack, which was caused by a type of congenital heart defect. She later died from complications from said stroke on the 12th of that month. Her resting place is Palm Springs, California and her funeral was held on the 14th. Abadi Hadis Abadi Hadis (6 November 1997 – 5 February 2020) was an Ethiopian long-distance runner. He placed 15th over 10,000 metres at the 2016 Olympics. He won a bronze medal at the 2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. Hadis died on 5 February 2020 in Mekelle, Ethiopia at the age of 22. Mission San Diego de Alcala Mission San Diego de Alcalá is a mission in San Diego. It is the first mission in California. A mission is a religious community. Mission San Diego was made by the Spanish to teach the native people, the Kumeyaay, about the Catholic religion. This mission includes a fountain, church, cemetery, priest quarters, a storage room and a workshop. This church is now a historical landmark and was restored in the 1940s. Near the fountain is now a parking lot. The original bell is outside the church, near the main entrance of the mission. The West Coast Pop Art Experimental Band The West Coast Pop Art Experimental Band (The WCPAEB) was an American psychedelic rock band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1965 and active until 1970. The original lineup included Bob Markley, Michael Lloyd, John Ware, and brothers Shaun and Danny Harris. The group recorded five studio albums, including one under the name, Markley, A Group. Their style has been described as one of the “ more offbeat acts to emerge during the psychedelic era”. In Los Angeles, during the group’s early years, they were known for their elaborate psychedelic light shows which accompanied their live performances. The WCPAEB first recorded on the small FiFo record label the album "Volume One" in 1966. They recorded three albums on the larger Reprise label between 1967 and 1968. "A Child’s Guide to Good and Evil" is generally considered their best work, but the band’s commercial success was limited. After 1967, the WCPAEB was strictly a studio band. Two albums, "Where’s My Daddy?" and "Markley, A Group", were released on independent record labels before the group broke up in 1970. Clifford Wiens Clifford Donald Wiens (April 27, 1926 – January 26, 2020) was a Canadian architect and writer. He was born in Glen Kerr, Saskatchewan. His best known works were John Nugent Studio, Heating and Cooling Plant at the University of Regina, and at Saskatchewan Legislative Building. Wiens died on January 26, 2020 in Vancouver, British Columbia at the age of 93. Dyanne Thorne Dyanne Thorne (October 14, 1936 – January 28, 2020) was an American actress, stage performer and singer. She was known for her stage work in Las Vegas and as the lead actress in the "Ilsa" movie franchise of the 1970s. Her movie roles include "Ilsa, She Wolf of the SS", "Chesty Anderson, USN" and "Hellhole". Thorne was born in Greenwich, Connecticut. Thorne died on January 28, 2020 in Las Vegas, Nevada from pancreatic cancer at the age of 83. Milton Viorst Milton Viorst (born 1930) is an American journalist. He was born New Jersey. He studied at Rutgers University. Viorst is married to author Judith Viorst. From 1956 to 1993, Viorst often worked with "The New Yorker", "Foreign Affairs", "Harper's Magazine", "The Atlantic", "The New York Times Magazine", "The Washington Post", and "The Wall Street Journal". In 1968, he signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War. His writing landed him on the Nixon list. Jared Taylor Jared Taylor is an American white supremacist. He started the magazine the "American Renaissance". Jared Taylor was born in Japan to Christian missionaries in 1951. He grew up in Kyoto and learned to speak Japanese. Taylor moved to the United States when he was 16. Taylor believes that white people should only care about other white people. L. Jacques Ménard L. Jacques Ménard, , (January 29, 1946 – February 5, 2020) was a Canadian businessman and educator. He was the chancellor of Concordia University from 2011 to 2014. He was born in Chicoutimi, Quebec. Ménard died on February 5, 2020 in Montreal from a long-illness at the age of 74. Carlos Barisio Carlos José Barisio (3 January 1951 – 5 February 2020) was an Argentine professional goalkeeper. He retired from football in 1987, after amassing 271 appearances in the Argentinian Primera. He played as a Ferro Carril Oeste player in 1981. He set the Primera record for the longest period without letting in a goal. Barisio died on 5 February 2020 of lung cancer, aged 69. Stanley Norman Cohen Stanley Norman Cohen (February 17, 1935) is an American geneticist. He was the Kwoh-Ting Li Professor in the Stanford University School of Medicine. Cohen and Herbert Boyer were the first scientists to transplant genes from one living organism to another. Alice Mayhew Alice E. Mayhew (June 14, 1932 – February 4, 2020) was an American editor. She was vice president and editorial director for Simon & Schuster. Mayhew edited many notable authors, which include Bob Woodward, President Jimmy Carter, Doris Kearns Goodwin, David Brooks, and Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Mayhew was known for publishing books about Washington, D.C., such as "All the President's Men" by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein. She was born in New York City. Mayhew died at her home in New York City on February 4, 2020 at the age of 87. Burlington, New Jersey Burlington is a city in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States and a suburb of Philadelphia. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 9,920. Gruppa krovi Gruppa krovi (; ) is an album by the Soviet rock band Kino, first released in 1988. After it was released in the Soviet Union, the album was also released in the United States in 1989 by Capitol Records. The album's title song, "Gruppa krovi", is an anti-war song. The song was also translated into and recorded in English as "Blood Type". It is the sixth studio album by Kino. Anson Mount Anson Adams Mount IV (born February 25, 1973) is an American actor. He is known for his television roles such as Cullen Bohannon in the AMC series "Hell on Wheels" (2011–2016), Jim Steele in the NBC series "Conviction" (2006), Marvel superhero Black Bolt in "Inhumans" (2017) and Captain Christopher Pike in ' and ' (2019). He also appeared in the movie "Tully" (2000). Mount was born in Mount Prospect, Illinois. He grew up in White Bluff, Tennessee. He attended Dickson County High School in Dickson, Tennessee, and Columbia University. He married Darah Trang in 2018. As of 2019, he lives in Connecticut. Mount Prospect, Illinois Mount Prospect is a village in Elk Grove and Wheeling townships in Cook County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, the village had a population of 54,167. White Bluff, Tennessee White Bluff is a town in Dickson County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 3,206. Dickson, Tennessee Dickson is a city in Dickson County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 14,538. Administrative divisions of Croatia The administrative divisions of Croatia on the first level are the 20 counties ("županija", pl. "županije")and one city-county ("grad", "city"), Zagreb. On the second level, there are municipalities ("općina", pl. "općine") and cities ("grad", pl. "gradovi"). Both of these have one or more settlements ("naselje", pl. "naselja"). The settlements are not legal entities. They are like census designated places in the United States. If they are part of cities or large municipalities, they can form "gradski kotari", "gradske četvrti", or local committee areas ("mjesni odbori"). Small municipalities usually have only one settlement. Dickson County, Tennessee Dickson County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the county had a population of 49,666. The county seat is Charlotte. Charlotte, Tennessee Charlotte is a town in and the county seat of Dickson County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 1,235. Lexington, Texas Lexington is a town in Lee County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 1,282. Counties of Croatia The counties of Croatia () are the first-level administrative divisions of the Republic of Croatia. Croatia is divided into 20 counties and the capital city of Zagreb, which is both a county and a city. It is separate from Zagreb County. The counties are divided into 128 cities and 428 municipalities. The counties are governed by county assemblies (). Members of the county assembly are elected for a four-year term. Lika-Senj County Lika-Senj County (, ) is a county of Croatia. It includes most of the Lika region and some coastline on the Adriatic. It also includes the northern part of the Pag island. The seat of the county is Gospić. The county is the least populated (with 50,927 inhabitants in 2011) and one of the poorest. It is the largest Croatian county by area. It includes the Plitvice Lakes National Park and Sjeverni Velebit National Park. These are some of Croatia's major tourist attractions. The county has a total area of 5353 km2. Administrative divisions. Lika-Senj County is divided into 12 towns and municipalities: Demographics. Since the early 20th century, the county's population has been shrinking. As of the 2011 census, the county had 50,927 residents. The population density is 9.5/km2. The Croatian State Bureau of Statistics estimated the population of the county to be 45,493 in 2017, and 45,184 in 2018. Ethnic Croats are the majority. They are 84.15% of the population. Serbs are 13.65%. Serbs are the majority in the municipalities of Vrhovine, Donji Lapac, and Udbina. In 1991, before the Croatian War of Independence started, Croats were 59.7% of the population and Serbs were 37%. The eastern part of the county was a majority Serbian area. Ledger A ledger is a book or computer file that helps keep track of how much of something, usually money, that a person or group of people have. A ledger is often used in accounting to keep track of money you owe or money that is owed to you. The three types of ledgers are the general, debtors, and creditors. The general ledger accumulates information from journals. Each month all journals are totaled and posted to the General Ledger. Senate (Netherlands) The Senate ( or simply ' , literally "First Chamber", or sometimes ' ) is the upper house of the States General, the legislature of the Netherlands. Its 75 members are elected on lists by the members of the twelve States-Provincial and three Caribbean electoral colleges for the Senate every four years, within three months of the provincial elections. Senate elections results since 1983. Original seats in Senate or First Chamber ("Eerste Kamer"). List of presidents of the Senate of the Netherlands The President of the Senate () is one of the 75 members of the Senate of the Netherlands and is elected to lead its meetings and be its representative. The office has been held by Jan Anthonie Bruijn of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) since 2019. Jan Anthonie Bruijn Jan Anthonie Bruijn (born 7 February 1958) is a Dutch politician and physician. He has been the President of the Senate since 2 July 2019. He is a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and has been of the Senate since 6 November 2012. List of speakers of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands The Speaker of the House of Representatives () is one of the 150 members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, elected to lead the meetings of the House. The office is currently held by Vera Bergkamp of Democrats 66 (D66). Beverly Pepper Beverly Pepper (née Stoll; December 20, 1922 – February 5, 2020) was an American sculptor. She was known for her monumental works, site specific and land art. She remained independent from any particular art movement. Pepper had her studio in Todi, Italy. She was represented by Marlborough Gallery, as well as Kayne Griffin Corcoran, who presented the first major Los Angeles solo exhibition of her work in 2017. Pepper died on February 5, 2020, at her Todi home at the age of 97. Deborah Batts Deborah Anne Batts (April 13, 1947 – February 3, 2020) was an American lawyer and politician. He was the Judge for the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York from 1994 to 2012, after being nominated by Bill Clinton. In June 1994, Deborah Batts was sworn in as a United States District Judge for Manhattan, becoming the nation's first openly LGBT, African-American federal judge. She took senior status on her 65th birthday, April 13, 2012. Batts was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Batts died on February 3, 2020 in Manhattan from problems caused by knee surgery, aged 72. Dive Coaster The Dive Coaster (also known as "Vertical Drop Coaster"), first built in 1997. It is a steel roller coaster type made by Bolliger & Mabillard (B&M). The first drop coaster was made in 1998 at Alton Towers and is known as Oblivion, the latest Dive Coaster (at the time of writing this) is Emperor at SeaWorld San Diego in 2020. Development. Development on the coaster began in "1994/95". When theme park designer John Wardley designs the idea of a Dive Coaster as to be a successor to his 1994 coaster Nemesis. He realised that the coaster was too ambitious for its time. So Wardley waited until the "1997/98" to test out his new machine. The first design of the ride was Oblivion at Alton Towers, opened in 14 March 1998. The coaster was only two years old when the next order for a dive coaster was made in the form of Diving Machine G5 in Janfusun Fancyworld in Taiwan. Which was just a mirror image of Oblivion. In 2005, saw the release of not only the third Dive Coaster to be built, but the first to be built in America, first to be built over 200 ft and the first ever custom-layout Dive Coaster. Sheikra was opened on May 21, 2005 at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay. In 2007, Busch Gardens Williamsburg announced Griffon on August 23, 2006. But officially opened on May 18, 2007. It was the first dive coaster to have floorless trains. Although, the same year. Busch Gardens reopened with floorless trains on June 16, 2007. In 2011, Heide Park (a German theme park in Soltau, Germany) released Krake, a dive coaster opening on April 16, 2011. This was the first dive coaster to feature 6 seated trains, which coined the phrase "Mini-Dive Coaster" In 2019, Yukon Striker was released on May 3, 2019. It was the first dive coaster to include a Vertical Loop. It opened at Canada's Wonderland in Vaughan, Ontario. Installations. Bolliger & Mabillard has built fourteen Dive Coasters with one to be opened in 2020. The roller coasters are listed in order of opening dates. Bedford, New Hampshire Bedford is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 21,203. Smyrna, Georgia Smyrna is a city in Cobb County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 51,271. Francie Brolly Francis Brolly (13 January 1938 – 6 February 2020) was an Irish republican politician, musician and teacher. He was born in Dungiven, Northern Ireland. He was a member of Sinn Féin until 2018. From 2003 to 2010, he served as a member of the Northern Ireland Assembly for East Londonderry. Brolly died on 6 February 2020. He was in his early 80s. Brod-Posavina County Brod-Posavina County () is a county in southern Slavonia, Croatia. Its center is the city of Slavonski Brod. It is on the left bank of the Sava. Because of this, it is called "Posavina". Geography. The Brod-Posavina County borders on the Sisak-Moslavina County in the west, Požega-Slavonia County in the north, Osijek-Baranja County in the northeast, and Vukovar-Srijem County in the east. Administrative divisions. Brod-Posavina County is divided into: Demographics. As of the 2011 census, the county had 158,575 residents. The population density is 78 people per km2. Ethnic Croats are the majority with 95.0% of the population. Serbs are 2.6%. J. B. Sumarlin Johannes Baptista Sumarlin (7 December 1932 – 6 February 2020) was an Indonesian economist and politician. He served as Minister of Finance under president Suharto between 1988 and 1993. Sumarlin was born in Nglegok, Blitar, East Java. He died in Jakarta at the age of 87. Marie Muhammad Marie Muhammad (3 April 1939 – 11 December 2016) was an Indonesian politician and philanthropist. He served as the Minister of Finance under president Suharto between 1993 and 1998. He also served as chairman of the Indonesian Red Cross Society from 1998 to 2009. Muhammmad died of brain cancer on 11 December 2016 in Cawang, Jakarta. He was 77. CBT CBT may refer to: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, a type of therapy Cock and ball torture, a sexual activity Olympic National Park Olympic National Park is a national park in the U.S. state of Washington. It was established on June 29, 1938. The park covers nearly of the Olympic Peninsula and covers most of the Olympic Mountains. The western part of the national park is the wettest place in the contiguous United States (outside Hawaii and Alaska). Subsidy A subsidy is a sum of money given by the public body to help an industry or business to keep the price of a commodity or service low. Ratcliff, London Ratcliff is an area of East London. It is in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is located on the north side of the River Thames. It was once a hamlet in the historic county of Middlesex. Ratcliff is the site of one of London biggest fires in 1794. It began at Clovers Barge Yard. The flames quickly spread to a nearby barge loaded with saltpetre. This was a substance used to make gunpowder and matches. This exploded. Causing the fire to spread and destroying Ratcliff. Etymology. Ratcliff name is from a sandstone cliff. This used to be above the surrounding marshes. This had a red appearance. Hence Red-cliffe. History. Ratcliffe was known for shipbuilding. It was an important sea departure area. In the sixteenth century. Such as Willoughby and Frobisher. Ratcliffe at this time also had the largest population in Stepney. Having 3500 residents. Around 1669. Almost 200 Presbyterians were worshipping inside a warehouse in Ratcliffe. There was a purpose built Quaker meeting house in Schoolhouse Lane that had been built near the same time. Ratcliffe was divided between the parishes of Limehouse and Stepney until 1866. It was constituted a separate civil parish. It was then administered by Limehouse District Board of Works. In 1900 it joined the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney. As the warehouses fell into decline. They were not allowed to stand and were cleared for redevelopment. Eden Alene Eden Alene (born 7 May 2000), professionally known as Eden, is an Israeli singer who will represent Israel at the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Abdullah Alnefisi Abdullah bin Fahd al-Nafisi (born 1945 in Kuwait ) is a Kuwaiti politician and academic. In 1985, he was a member of National Assembly of Kuwait. Biography. He was born in 1945 in Kuwait. He studied in elementary, middle and secondary schools from 1951 to 1961 at Victoria College in Cairo, and he received a General Certificate of Education. He worked as a professor and president at the College of Political Science at Kuwait University. He gets a licentiate from the American University of Beirut in 1967. He has earned a Ph.D. in political science from Churchill College at Cambridge University in Britain in 1972. Regular army Most countries have armed forces, which are usually called regular army. Very often, the constitution of a country talks about this army. This is different from rebel groups or militia, who may also train forces. The regular army is a official army of a official country. They are temporary army's. Still, the person in charge of the army is the president or King or the head of the government. Very often, a regular army has two parts: Inconvertible currency Some countries limit the exchange of their currency: In some cases, only a limited amount of money can be exchanged. In other cases, the money cannot be exchanged legally at all. Such a currency is called inconvertible currency. In such cases, there often is a black market. Great Turkish War The Great Turkish War was fought between 1683 and 1699 by Ottoman Empire and the winning Holy League (the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, Venice and Russia). Intensive fighting began in 1683 after the Ottomans failed to take the city of Vienna during the siege and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The defeated Ottoman Empire lost for the first time large amounts of territory: in Hungary and the Poland–Lithuania, as well as part of the western Balkans. The war was also significant in that it marked the first time Russia was involved in an alliance with Western Europe. 5 Centimeters per Second 5 Centimeters per Second (Japanese: 秒速5センチメートル, Hepburn: "Byōsoku Go Senchimētoru") is a 2007 anime film made by Makoto Shinkai. Its made up of three parts, "Cherry Blossom", "Cosmonaut" and "5 Centimeters per Second". The film is 65 minutes long. Plot. The story takes place in Japan from the early 90s to 2008. Leons Briedis Leons Briedis (December 16, 1949 – February 1, 2020) was a Latvian poet, novelist, essayist, literary critic and publisher. In 1974, Briedis becme a member of the Latvian Writers' Union (several times also a member of the Board), and from 1987 he was a member of the international organisation of writers (poets, essayists, prosaists) — PEN Club. From 1993 to 1997 he was Vice-President of the Latvian PEN Club. He worked in most diverse culture editions and was Head of poetry section of the newspaper "Literatūra un Māksla" (1986–1987), Editor-in-Chief of the cultural journal "Jaunās Grāmatas", culturological magazine "Grāmata" (1990–1992) and Editor-in- Chief of "Vārds", magazine of the Latvian Writers' Union (1993). Briedis died on February 1, 2020 in Riga at the age of 70. John A. DiBiaggio John Angelo DiBiaggio (September 11, 1932 – February 1, 2020) was an American educator. He was the President of the University of Connecticut from 1979 to 1985, then of Michigan State University from 1985 to 1992, and of Tufts University from 1992 to 2001. He was born in Houston, Texas. DiBiaggio died on February 1, 2020 at the age of 87. Tufts University Tufts University is a private research university in Medford and Somerville, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1852 by Christian universalists. It was a small New England liberal arts college until its transformation into a larger research university in the 1970s. It is known for its internationalism and study abroad programs. Tufts has a campus in Medford / Somerville area. The School of Arts and Sciences and School of Engineering are on the Medford / Somerville campus. It has another campus in Downtown Boston. The campus in Boston has the dental, medical, and nutrition schools. Claudio Bonadio Claudio Bonadio (1 February 1956 – 4 February 2020) was an Argentine judge. He was in charge of Federal Criminal and Correctional Court No. 11 from 1994 until his death. He was a critic of Presidents of Argentina Fernando de la Rúa, Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. He was considered to be a key suspected of a car bomb attack against the Argentine Israel Mutual Association (AMIA) and was a key figure of the bribe scandal. Ola Magnell Nils Olaus Lennart Karl Magnell (20 January 1946 – 6 February 2020) was a Swedish pop-rock singer-songwriter and guitarist. His works were first put out by Metronome Records in the 1970s. He was born in Skälby gård, Sweden. His best known works were "Påtalåten", "Skurken", "Festen är över", "Trasten", "Jag fryser (på dej)", "Kärlek", "Fan på väggen", "Malvina utan mörker", "Opportunisten", "Ett hus" and "Johanna (i skuggan av Stockholm)". Magnell died on 6 February 2020 of heart failure in Tunby, Sweden at the age of 74. Martha Speaks Martha Speaks is a educational children's television show. It first aired on September 1, 2008 and ended on November 18, 2014. The main character of the show is Martha who is a young dog that speaks. On June 10, 2013, the creator of "Martha Speaks" sued WGBH for getting not a lot of money. On November 18, 2014, the show aired its final episode before it got cancelled. Li Wenliang Li Wenliang (; 12 October 1986 – 6 February 2020) was a Chinese ophthalmologist at . He was thought to be one of the first people to issue a warning about the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, on 30 December 2019. On 3 January 2020, Wuhan police arrested him for "making false comments on the Internet". Li returned to work but later suffered from the virus from an infected patient. He died from the infection on 6 February 2020. David Bustamante David Bustamante Hoyos (born 25 March 1982) is a Spanish pop singer-songwriter. He gained fame in 2001 as a third-place winner on "Operación Triunfo". Bustamante has sold more than 2 million records in Spain and Latin America, getting 15 Platinum in albums. Gilberto Rodríguez Orejuela Gilberto José Rodríguez Orejuela (January 30, 1939 – May 31, 2022) was a Colombian former drug lord. He was once one of the leaders of the Cali Cartel, based in the city of Cali. He was born in Mariquita, Tolima, Colombia. Rodríguez Orejuela was serving a 30-year sentence at the Federal Correctional Institution, Butner in North Carolina at the time of his death. In February 2020, it was announced that Rodríguez Orejuela was diagnosed with colon and prostate cancer. He died at a prison medial center in Butner, North Carolina on May 31, 2022 at the age of 83. Jhon Jairo Velásquez Jhon Jairo Velásquez Vasquez (April 15, 1962 – February 6, 2020), also known by the alias "Popeye", was a hitman. He was part of the criminal structure of the Medellín Cartel until his surrender to the Colombian justice system in 1992. He was a known as a hitman working for Pablo Escobar. Jhon Jairo was known as "JJ" and was the "General of the Mafia" and even killed his girlfriend at Pablo's request. In January 2020, it was announced that Velásquez had terminal esophageal cancer. He died on February 6, 2020 in Bogotá from the disease, aged 57. Peter Hogg Peter Wardell Hogg (3 December 1939 – 4 February 2020) was a New Zealand-born Canadian legal scholar and lawyer. He was best known as the leading authority on Canadian constitutional law. In 1970, he was appointed Professor of Law at Osgoode Hall Law School in Toronto and was appointed Dean in 1998. In 2003 he accepted a position as scholar in residence at the law firm of Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP. Hogg wrote several books, including "Constitutional Law of Canada", the single most-cited book in decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada. He was a key figure in the Supreme Court's decision to legalize gay marriage in Canada in 2004. Hogg died on 4 February 2020, aged 80. Jessica Rosenworcel Jessica Rosenworcel (born July 12, 1971) is an American attorney. She is a member of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). She originally was on the FCC from May 11, 2012 to January 3, 2017, and was confirmed by the Senate for an additional term on August 3, 2017. In 2021, she became Chairwoman of the FCC. On January 21, 2021, President Joe Biden picked her to be the interim chair of FCC, making her the second-ever woman to serve in this position. In October 2021, President Biden nominated Rosenworcel to be the permanent FCC Chair. She was confirmed by the United States Senate in December 2021. K. C. Jones K. C. Jones (May 25, 1932 – December 25, 2020) was an American basketball player and coach. He is best known for his career with the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is the only African-American non-player head coach to win multiple NBA championships. Jones was added into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1989. Jones died on December 25, 2020 at an assisted living center from Alzheimer's disease-related problems in Connecticut, aged 88. Dave Rubin David Joshua Rubin is an American libertarian political commentator who calls himself a Classical liberal. Early life and education. Rubin was born in 1976 to a secular Jewish family in Brooklyn. He finished high school in 1994. He got a degree in political science in 1998. In 2000, Rubin started doing stand-up comedy and continued until 2007. He then started hosting podcasts. In 2012, Rubin started his own show on YouTube called The Rubin Report. Politics. Rubin always said he was a liberal but was annoyed when other liberals became too left-wing and a lot were not angry about violence people on the left used against Ben Shapiro. Rubin calls himself a Classical liberal. Rubin supports gay marriage and marijuana being legal but only thinks abortion should be legal when the fetus can't yet survive on its own. Rubin also supports free speech. Personal life. Rubin is gay and married to a man named David Janet. He used to call himself a "gay atheist Jew". Since then he has said that because of Jordan Peterson he isn't an atheist anymore. Frequent Guests. The people Rubin has interviewed on his show more often than he has interviewed anyone else are Jordan Peterson, Douglas Murray, Gad Saad and Ben Shapiro. Fort Greene, Brooklyn Fort Greene is a neighborhood in the northwestern part of Brooklyn, New York City. As of the 2010 census, the neighborhood had a population of 28,335. Phillip Schofield Phillip Bryan Schofield (born 1 April 1962) is a British television presenter. He works for ITV. He is currently the co-presenter of "This Morning" (2002–present) and "Dancing on Ice" (2006–2014, 2018–present) alongside Holly Willoughby. His other work for ITV includes "All Star Mr & Mrs" (2008–2016), "The Cube" (2009–2015) and "5 Gold Rings" (2017–present). Schofield gained attention for working for the BBC. He was a presenter for Children's BBC on weekdays featuring Gordon the gopher from 1985 to 1987. He was later a presenter on the children's Saturday morning magazine show "Going Live!" between September 1987 and April 1993. Schofield was born in Oldham, Lancashire. He grew up in Newquay, Cornwall. At the age of 19, he moved with his family to New Zealand. He is a dual British and New Zealand citizen. He married Stephanie Lowe in 1993. The couple have two children. He lives in Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire. On 7 February 2020, Schofield came out as gay to the public. Schofield was sacked and had to sell his sponsorship with WeBuyAnyCar.com due to skipping the queue with Holly Willoughby during the lying in state of Her late Sovereign Majesty Queen Elizabeth II at Westminster Hall. Holly Willoughby Holly Marie Willoughby (born 10 February 1981) is a British television presenter, model and author. She works for ITV. She is currently the co-presenter of "This Morning" (2009–present) and "Dancing on Ice" (2006–2011, 2018–present) alongside Phillip Schofield. Since 2008, she has been a team captain on ITV2's "Celebrity Juice" alongside Fearne Cotton. From 2012 to 2015, Willoughby presented the series "Surprise Surprise", replacing original presenter Cilla Black. Other TV work includes "The Xtra Factor" (2008–2009), "The Voice UK" (2012–2013) and "Play to the Whistle" (2015–2017). In 2018, she hosted the eighteenth series of "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!" alongside Declan Donnelly. Willoughby was born in Brighton. She married Dan Baldwin in 2007. The couple have three children. Willoughby is dyslexic. Tom Noonan Tom Noonan (born April 12, 1951) is an American actor, director and screenwriter. He is best known for playing villains in movies. Noonan's roles include Francis Dollarhyde in "Manhunter" (1986), Frankenstein's monster in "The Monster Squad" (1987), Cain in "RoboCop 2" (1990), The Ripper in "Last Action Hero" (1993), Bill Lacey in "Tales from the Darkside" (1984), Sammy Barnathan in "Synecdoche, New York" (2008). In 2015, he voiced each supporting character in "Anomalisa" (2015). His TV credits include "The Beat", "Damages", "Hell on Wheels", "12 Monkeys" and "Louie". Noonan was born in Greenwich, Connecticut. His brother was playwright John Ford Noonan. He was married to actress Karen Young from 1992 to 1999. He has two children. Thomas Harris William Thomas Harris III (born September 22, 1940) is an American writer. He is best known for a series of suspense novels about his most famous character, Hannibal Lecter. Harris wrote "Black Sunday" (1975), "Red Dragon" (1981), "The Silence of the Lambs" (1988), "Hannibal" (1999), "Hannibal Rising" (2006) and "Cari Mora" (2019). Most of his works have been made into movies and television shows. The most notable is "The Silence of the Lambs" (1991), which became only the third movie in Academy Awards history to sweep the Oscars in major categories. Harris was born in Jackson, Tennessee. As a child, he moved with his family to Rich, Mississippi. He was married to Harriet Anne Haley from 1961 to 1967. They had a daughter, Elizabeth Anne. His long-term domestic partner is Pace Barnes. Harris did not give any interviews between 1976 and 2019. Philoctetes He was killed by Philoctetes, an Achaean hero-king who had been abandoned by the others on the island of Lemnos after a venomous snake bite rendered him disabled and made his leg stink. Philoctetes survived (either alone, as Sophocles suggests, or with the help of the local population, as most other sources claim), and in the tenth year of the war the Achaeans heard of a prophecy dictating them to bring him back, if they wanted to see Troy fall. You see, Philoctetes had inherited Hercules’ bow and arrows, which were dipped in the blood of the Lernaean Hydra. Odysseus and Neoptolemus (with the now-deified Hercules’ help) persuaded Philoctetes to come back, and Asclepius’ sons, Machaon and Podaleirius, cured his leg. On his first fighting day, Philoctetes mortally wounded Paris with his arrows. Diving Machine G5 Diving Machine G5 (ダイビングマシンG5) is a steel dive coaster located at Janfusun Fancyworld in Gukeng, Yunlin, Taiwan. It is the Second Drop Coaster to be built ever and the first and only to be built in Taiwan. It was built on March 29, 2000 and was Manufactured by Bolliger and Mabillard. It is a mirror image of Oblivion at Alton Towers in 1998. Layout. The ride slowly creeps up the lift hill to 65 ft (20 m). the ride-shuttle-cars turn a almost 180-degree turn towards a holding brake. The ride-car hangs over the edge for 7 seconds or shorter. and shoots down 180 ft downwards. and instantly comes back up at a 45 degree angle and goes into a small banked curve upwards and downwards into a slight incline into a brake run. Eduardo Suplicy Eduardo Matarazzo Suplicy (born June 21, 1941) is a Brazilian left-wing politician, economist and professor. He is one of the founders and main political figures on the Workers Party of Brazil (PT). He was born in São Paulo. In 2017, he was elected to the city council of São Paulo. He held that office before between 1989 to 1990. Suplicy was elected State Deputy of São Paulo in 1979. In 1983, he became a member of the Chamber of Deputies. Leaving office in 1987, he became a Senator in 1991. He left the Senate in 2015. Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) The Chamber of Deputies () is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current President of the Chamber is the deputy Rodrigo Maia (DEM-RJ), who was reelected in February 1, 2019. Olympic Peninsula The Olympic Peninsula is a peninsula of the Pacific Northwest. It is located in west of the state of Washington. The Olympic Mountains are located in the Olympic Peninsula. It is home to the Olympic National Park. President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) The President of the Chamber of Deputies is the speaker of the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil, elected by his peers for a two-year term. Rodrigo Maia Rodrigo Felinto Ibarra Epitácio Maia (born 12 June 1970) is a Brazilian politician. He was the President of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil from 2016 until 2021. Ulysses Guimarães Ulysses Silveira Guimarães ( October 6, 1916 – October 12, 1992) was a Brazilian politician and lawyer. He played an important role in opposing the military dictatorship in Brazil. He is thought to be the "Grandfather of Brazilian Democracy". He died in a helicopter accident by the shore near Angra dos Reis, in the south of Rio de Janeiro state. President of the Federal Senate (Brazil) The President of the Federal Senate, sometimes referred to as the President of the Senate, is elected from among their number by the members of the Brazilian Federal Senate. They stand third in the order of presidential succession, after the Vice-President of the Republic and the President of the Chamber of Deputies. Edison Lobão Edison Bariano Lobão (born December 5, 1936) is a Brazilian politician. He was governor of Maranhão from March 15, 1991 to April 2, 1994 and as minister of mines and energy in the national government under the Dilma Rousseff administration. He has also been a senator since 1987. He was the President of the Senate in 2001. Davi Alcolumbre Davi Samuel Alcolumbre Tobelem (born 19 June 1977) is a Brazilian politician. He was the President of the Senate of Brazil from 2019 until 2021. He has been a Senator, representing the state of Amapá, since 2015. He is a member of the Democrats. In March 2020, during the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, Alcolumbre had tested positive for COVID-19. Democrats (Brazil) The Democrats (, DEM) is a political party in Brazil. It was founded in 1985. It changed to its current name in 2007. The original name reflected the party's support of free market policies. The Democrats' identification number is 25 and its colors are green, blue, and white. Federal Senate The Federal Senate () is the upper house of the National Congress of Brazil. In its current form the Senate has 81 seats, three each for the Federal District and the 26 states. Senators sit for eight years, and elections are that either a third or two-thirds are up for election every four years. The current president of the Brazilian Senate is Davi Alcolumbre, from the Democrats of Amapá. He was elected in early 2019 for a two-year term. Cármen Lúcia Cármen Lúcia Antunes Rocha (; 19 April 1954) is a Brazilian jurist. She is a member of the Supreme Federal Court since 2006. She is the second woman to have been chosen as a justice for the Court and Chief Justice and a professor of Constitutional Law at Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais. She was nominated by former President of Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. She is known for her firm stance regarding women's rights. She was President of the Superior Electoral Court of Brazil. She was the President of the Supreme Federal Court. She became Acting President from April 13, 2018 until April 14 of the same year. Vivian Cash Vivian Liberto Cash Distin (April 23, 1934 – May 24, 2005) was the first wife of Johnny Cash. They were married from 1954 to 1966. Linerot divorced Cash because of his bad problems with drug addiction. Cash and Liberto had four daughters. Vivian died on May 24, 2005 from problems caused by lung cancer. Dias Toffoli José Antonio Dias Toffoli (born November 15, 1967) is a Brazilian lawyer. In September 2018, he became President of the Supreme Federal Court of Brazil. Cullybackey Cullybackey or Cullybacky () is a small village in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It has got lots of cafes and a very good pub. It has won Britain in bloom for 4 years running. It is a predominantly Protestant area, and host the twelfth every 3 years. There are 2 schools, one is the Buick Memorial Primary School and the other is Cullybackey High School. Supreme Federal Court The Supreme Federal Court (, , abbreviated STF) is the supreme court (court of last resort) of Brazil, serving primarily as the Constitutional Court of the country. It is the highest court of law in Brazil. José Celso de Mello Filho José Celso de Mello Filho (Tatuí, 1 November 1945), is a Brazilian jurist. He is the oldest member of the Supreme Federal Court of Brazil. He was nominated by President José Sarney in 1989. He became the youngest President of the Court in 1997. PAIS Alliance The PAIS Alliance (; ; "país" also means "country" in Spanish) is an Ecuadorian center-left social democratic, and originally democratic socialist political party. Creating Opportunities Creating Opportunities (Spanish name "Creando Oportunidades", CREO, the acronym also being the Spanish word for "I believe") is an Ecuadorian political movement founded in January 2012 and participated in the 2013 presidential elections with Guillermo Lasso as their candidate for president. Social Christian Party (Ecuador) The Social Christian Party (; PSC) is a center-right political party in Ecuador. The party was founded in 1951 under the name of Social Christian Movement ("Movimiento Social Cristiano") by Camilo Ponce Enríquez, who was Ecuador's president from 1956 to 1960, and Sixto Durán Ballén. It was initially focused on Quito. Cynthia Viteri Cynthia Fernanda Viteri Jiménez (born 19 November 1965) is an Ecuadorian lawyer, journalist and politician. She is currently serving as Mayor of Guayaquil since 2019. She was the presidential candidate for Partido Social Cristiano in the 2017 presidential elections and was a candidate in the 2006 presidential elections of Ecuador and finished fifth. Between 1998 and 2007 she was a member of the National Congress. Since 2009 she has been a member of the National Assembly. On March 24, 2019, she was elected Mayor of Guayaquil in the sectional elections of Ecuador. President of the National Assembly of Ecuador The President of the National Assembly is the presiding officer of the legislature of Ecuador. In 2009 the National Congress of Ecuador was replaced by the National Assembly. The position of President of the National Assembly has existed since then. Below is a complete list of office-holders: Fernando Cordero Cueva Juan Fernando Cordero Cueva (born May 27, 1952) is an Ecuadorian politician and architect. He was the mayor of Cuenca between 1996 and 2005. He was also Member of the Ecuadorian Congress and President of the Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly in 2008. Between 2009 and 2013 he was President of the National Assembly. From September 2014 to March 2016 he was Minister of National Defence. Gabriela Rivadeneira Gabriela Alejandra Rivadeneira Burbano (born 25 July 1983) is an Ecuadorian politician. She was President of the National Assembly of Ecuador between May 2013 and May 2017. She was Governor of Imbabura Province from 2011 to 2012. José Serrano Salgado José Serrano Salgado (born 19 November 1970) is an Ecuadorian politician. He was President of the National Assembly between 14 May 2017 and 9 March 2018. He was Minister of the Interior from 13 May 2011 to 15 November 2016. Elizabeth Cabezas Elizabeth Cabezas Guerrero (born 14 June 1963) is an Ecuadorian economist and politician. She was elected the President of the National Assembly on 14 March 2018. César Litardo César Ernesto Litardo Caicedo (born 8 January 1979) is an Ecuadorian economist and politician. He was elected the President of the National Assembly on 14 May 2019. National Congress (Ecuador) The National Congress (Spanish: "Congreso Nacional)" was the unicameral legislative branch of the government of Ecuador prior to November 2007. Under the 1998 Constitution, Congress met in Quito and was made up of 100 deputies "(diputados)." Each of the country's 22 provinces returned a minimum of two deputies plus one additional seat for every 200,000 inhabitants. It was dissolved on 29 November 2007 by the Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly and replaced by the National Assembly of Ecuador under the 2008 Constitution after being weaken by corruption. Gary Esparza Walter Gary Esparza Fabbiany (born 1934/1935) is an Ecuadorian politician and economist. He was born in Babahoyo, Ecuador. He was the President of the National Congress from 1983 to 1984. Before, he was the Vice President of the Congress from 1982 to 1983. He began his career as mayor of Babahoyo. Babahoyo Babahoyo (), founded September 30, 1948, is the capital of the Los Ríos province of Ecuador. Its population is cited around 153,000. It is bordered by two rivers, the San Pablo and the Caracol. Los Ríos Province Los Ríos () is a province in Ecuador. The capital is Babahoyo. The province was founded on October 6, 1860. Babahoyo was made its capital on September 30, 1948. Cantons. The province is divided into 13 cantons. The following table lists each with its population at the time of the 2010 census, its area in square kilometres (km²), and the name of the canton seat or capital. Quevedo, Ecuador Quevedo is a city in Ecuador located in the Los Rios Province. It is the seat of Quevedo Canton. Quevedo's population is 173,000. Because of its location west of the Andes mountains and right next to the Vinces River (a major waterway and tributary to the Pacific Ocean), the city is known for its massive flooding. Latacunga Latacunga (; Quechua: Latakunga) is a plateau town of Ecuador, capital of the Cotopaxi Province, south of Quito. At the time of census 2010 Latacunga had 98,355 people living here. Ambato, Ecuador Ambato (; full form, San Juan de Ambato; Quechua: Ampatu Llaqta) is a city located in the central Andean valley of Ecuador. It is the capital of the province of Tungurahua. It is nicknamed "City of Flowers and Fruit", "Cradle of the Three Juans", and "Garden of Ecuador." The current mayor of Ambato is Javier Altamirano. Tungurahua Province Tungurahua (, literally "Province of the Tungurahua"; ) is one of the twenty-four provinces of Ecuador. Its capital is Ambato. The province takes its name from the Tungurahua volcano. Tungurahua Tungurahua, (; from Quichua "tunguri" (throat) and "rahua" (fire), "Throat of Fire") is an active stratovolcano located in the Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador. The volcano gives its name to the province of Tungurahua. Volcanic activity restarted on August 19, 1999, and is ongoing , with several major eruptions since then, the last starting on 1 February 2014. Malik Ata Muhammad Khan Malik Ata Muhammad Khan (Urdu, , 25 January 1938 – 6 February 2020), popularly known as Prince Malik Ata was a Pakistani feudal lord and politician. He was born in British India. Khan was a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from 1990 to 1993. He was President of the Equestrian Federation from 1982 until his death and Vice President of the International Tent Pegging Federation from 2013 until his death. Khan died on 6 February 2020 in Attock, Pakistan at the age of 82 . Riobamba Riobamba (, full name San Pedro de Riobamba; Quechua: Rispampa) is the capital of the Chimborazo Province in central Ecuador, which is located at the Chambo River Valley of the Andes. It is south of Ecuador's capital Quito. Chimborazo Province Chimborazo is a province in Ecuador. The capital is Riobamba. It is a home to a section of Sangay National Park. The province has Chimborazo (6,267 m), Ecuador's highest mountain. Cantons. The province is divided into 10 cantons. The following table lists each with its population at the time of the 2001 census, its area in square kilometres (km²), and the name of the canton seat or capital. Nexhmije Pagarusha Nexhmije Pagarusha (7 May 1933 – 7 February 2020) was an Albanian singer and actress. She was known as the queen of Albanian music. She was known for her Albanian folk songs during her three decade career, starting in 1948. She was born in Mališevo, Vardar Banovina, Kingdom of Yugoslavia . Pagarusha died on 7 February 2020 in Tirana, aged 86. Rexhep Meidani Rexhep Qemal Meidani (born 17 August 1944) is an Albanian physics professor, diplomat and politician. Meidani was the 4th President of Albania from 1997 to 2002. Zog I of Albania Zog I, King of the Albanian (, ; 8 October 18959 April 1961), born Ahmet Muhtar Zogolli, taking the surname Zogu in 1922, was the leader of Albania from 1922 to 1939. He first was Prime Minister of Albania (1922–1924), then as President (1925–1928), and finally as the first and only King (1928–1939) of Albanian Ancestry. Ramiz Alia Ramiz Tafë Alia (18 October 1925 – 7 October 2011) was the second and last leader of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1985 to 1991 after Enver Hoxha died . He was First Secretary of the Party of Labor of Albania. He was also the country's head of state from 1982 to 1992. Alia died on 7 October 2011 in Tirana of lung disease, aged 85. Aleksandër Meksi Aleksandër Meksi (born 8 March 1939) is an Albanian politician. He was the 28th Prime Minister of Albania from 13 April 1992 to 11 March 1997. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Parliament of Albania The Parliament of Albania () or Kuvendi is the unicameral representative body of the citizens of the Republic of Albania; it is Albania's legislature. The Parliament is made up of not less than 140 members elected to a four-year term. Gramoz Ruçi Gramoz Ruçi (born 6 December 1951) is an Albanian politician. He was the head of the parliamentarian group of the ruling Socialist Party of Albania until 2017. In September 2017, he became the Chairman of the Parliament of Albania for the new parliamentary session. Jozefina Topalli Jozefina Çoba Topalli (born November 26, 1963) is an Albanian politician. She was the Chairwoman of the Parliament of Albania from September 3, 2005 to 10 September 2013. She was vice president of the Democratic Party of Albania. Servet Pëllumbi Servet Pëllumbi (born December 12, 1936) is an Albanian politician. He was born in Korçë, Albania. He was Chairman of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania from 30 April 2002 until 3 September 2005. Pëllumbi is a lecturer in Political Academy of the Socialist Party of Albania. Chairperson of the Parliament of Albania The Chairperson of the Parliament of Albania () is the head of the Parliament whose term coincides with the term of the Parliament and they are elected by a vote during the opening session. If the President is temporarily absent or is out of office, the speaker takes over the functions of the office, as specified by the Constitution. As of 9 September 2017, the Chairperson of the Parliament is Gramoz Ruçi. Petro Dode Petro Dode (born 17 April 1924) is an Albanian politician. He was Chairman of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania from 19 February 1987 to 15 April 1991. He was born in Pobickë, Kolonjë. He was also first candidate of the Central Committee (CC) of the Labour Party of Albania (PPSh). Ali Manaj Ali Manaj (born November 7, 1937) is an Albanian politician. He was Chairman of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania from February 11, 1976 to December 25, 1978. He was born in Damës, Gjirokastër. Wang Jin (archaeologist) Wang Jin (; 12 December 1926 – 6 February 2020) was a Chinese archaeologist. Her research focus was on prehistoric sites in the Jianghan Plain. She was one of China's first female archaeologists. She was a member of the team that discovered the neolithic Qujialing culture. She later led the excavation of major sites including the Tonglüshan ancient copper mine and the Shang dynasty city of Panlongcheng. She was leader of the Hubei Provincial Archaeological Team, Vice Director of Hubei Provincial Museum, and President of the Hubei Archaeological Association. On 6 February 2020, Wang died of a rare form of tuberculosis in Wuhan, aged 93. Luciano Ricceri Luciano Ricceri (26 April 1940 – 1 February 2020) was an Italian production designer and costume designer. He was the winner of the David di Donatello for Best Sets and Decorations for the 1991 movie "Captain Fracassa's Journey" and the 2001 movie "Unfair Competition". He was born in Rome. Ricceri died in Orte on 1 February 2020, at the age of 79. Charles Wood (playwright) Charles Wood (6 August 1932 – 1 February 2020) was a British playwright and scriptwriter. He was born in Guernsey. Wood was known for his works in "The Knack ...and How to Get It", "Help!" and "Iris". He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1984. He was nominated for many BAFTA Awards during his career. Wood died on 1 February 2020 at the age of 87. Do You Want to Build a Snowman? "Do You Want to Build a Snowman" is a song from the 2013 movie Frozen sung by Katie Lopez, Agatha Lee Monn and Kristen Bell as the character at different ages. It is about Elsa and Anna building Olaf and creating a ice slide for Anna, then accidentally hurting Anna with her ice powers. Elsa then locks herself in her room. Anna tries to convince her to build a snowman but gives up after three various attempts. After a few seconds we see Anna and Elsa age through their childhood and teenage years, to young adulthood. Anna tries one more time to convince Elsa to build a snowman but fails again. She builds Olaf who then comes to life. The song has over 1,000,000 downloads as of Friday, November 25, 2016. Amaltheia In Greek mythology, Amaltheia is the name of a nymph, who raised Zeus with the milk of a goat. Other sources say that Amlatheia was the goat. Other names of her are Aiga and Aix. Alma Deutscher Alma Elizabeth Deutscher (born 19 February 2005) is a British child prodigy who plays the piano, and violin. Samy Badibanga Samy Badibanga Ntita (born 12 September 1962) is a Congolese politician. He was the Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from November 2016 to May 2017. Fahrettin Altun Fahrettin Altun (born in Stuttgart in 1976 in Germany) is a Turkish politician, researcher, academic, member of the Justice and Development Party and head of media and communications in the Turkish presidency. Shahbazpur Town Shahbazpur Town is a small town, fishing port and administrative headquarters in Bangladesh. It is known for its wide natural rivers of Titas. It is the oldest river port. It is the oldest ferry terminal port area in Bangladesh. Shahbazpur Town is also known by the name "Shahbaz". Its old name (with diacritics) is Shāhbāz or Shāhbāzpur. The modern Shahbazpur Town gets its name from Shahbaz Ali (died 1605), the emperor's representative of Mughal Empire. Today, Shahbazpur Town, Titas River is one of the most-visited regional tourist destinations in Bangladesh. It has not yet become a major district tourist destination. Carter County, Missouri Carter County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Van Buren. In 2010, 6,265 people lived there. Kirkwood, Missouri Kirkwood is a city in Missouri, United States. It is an inner-ring western suburb of St. Louis. Data Discman The Data Discman is an device that plays electronic books. It was made by Sony Corporation, which was the parent company of Sony Pictures Entertainment. It came out in the Western market in late 1991 or early 1992. It was marketed in the United States to college students and international travelers, but was only successful in Japan. The Discman product name was first used for Sony's range of portable CD players, such as the Sony Discman D-50, which first came out in 1984. The Data Discman allows information to be accessed quickly on a pre-recorded disc. This is done using a QWERTY keyboard and the "Yes" and "No" keys. Most Data Discman models have a small low-resolution grayscale LCD (256x200 at first, then up to 320x240 and in colour for later models), a CD drive (either Mini CD or full size), and a computer that is not very powerful. Early versions of the device cannot play audio CDs. Software is pre-recorded and mostly is encyclopedias, foreign language dictionaries and novels. Software was usually made using the Sony Electronic Book Authoring System (SEBAS). A DD-1EX Data Discman is in the permanent collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum. It is displayed in the V&A's 20th Century Gallery. This early model cannot play sound. An updated model, the DD-10EX, came out in 1992 or 1993. The manual that comes with it gives a copyright date of 1992. Unlike the DD-1EX, the DD-10EX can also play audio files. The British version comes with two discs: one with the "Thomson Electronic Directory" for April 1992 on it, and one with the "Pocket Interpreter 5-language conversation book for travelers" on it. A DD-10EX was in an exhibition called "The Book and Beyond: Electronic Publishing and the Art of the Book", which was held at the Victoria and Albert Museum, which is in London, from April 1995 to October 1995. The exhibition also included a CD-ROM for the Data Discman, which is called "The Library of the Future", and came out in 1993. The DD-1EX and DD-10EX were both in a flip or clamshell design, while the flat, rectangular design of the DD-8 was closer to later e-book readers, such as the Amazon Kindle. Putnam County, Missouri Putnam County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Unionville. In 2010, 4,979 people lived there. The county was organized on February 28, 1845 and named for Israel Putnam, a hero in the French and Indian War and a general in the American Revolutionary War. Texas County, Missouri Texas County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Houston. In 2010, 26,008 people lived there. Randolph County, Missouri Randolph County is a county in the northern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. The county seat is Huntsville. In 2010, 25,414 people lived there. Cole County, Missouri Cole County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat and largest city is Jefferson City, the state capital. In 2010, 75,990 people lived there. The county was organized on November 16, 1820. It is south of the Missouri River. Saline County, Missouri Saline County is a county located along the Missouri River in the U.S. state of Missouri. The county seat is Marshall. In 2010, 23,370 people lived there. Ralls County, Missouri Ralls County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is New London. In 2010, 10,167 people lived there. McDonald County, Missouri McDonald County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Pineville. In 2010, 23,083 people lived there. Breed's Hill Breed's Hill is also known as Bunker Hill. Breed's hill is located on Bunker Hill, Boston, MA 02129. This hill was where the Battle of Bunker Hill happened. Breeds Hill is actually a tiny island located in Boston. Breed's Hill may be most remembered for being in the American Revolutionary War. California, Missouri California is a city in Missouri, United States. It is the county seat of Moniteau County. Moniteau County, Missouri Moniteau County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is California. In 2010, 15,607 people lived there. Morgan County, Missouri Morgan County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Versailles. In 2010, 20,565 people lived there. Le Courrier Le Courrier is a French-language daily newspaper, which originated in Geneva. It was first issued as a Sunday newspaper, on January 5, 1868. Most people in Geneva are Protestant. Le Courrier was issues by a small number of Catholics. It has always had a strong focus on Catholic values. In 1892, it became a daily newspaper. In 1907, Geneva had a separation of Church and state; at that time, the number of printed copied dropped markedly. Until 1923, the newspaper was Christian and stood for conservative values. In that year Christan Levraz changed the focus to focus more on social values - The newspaper was left-wing, from then on. The Catholic Church was not too happy with the left-wing orientation of the newspaper. In 1996, the Church stopped supporting Le Courrier, because it saw the journal's attitude as too close to the Biblical teachings (that is: too evangelical). Today, the newspaper collaborates with La Liberté, another Catrholic newspaper from Fribourg. In the year 2019, 7.000-8.000 copies were printed each day. Le Courrier is the only newspaper printed in Geneva. Daviess County, Missouri Daviess County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Gallatin. In 2010, 8,433 people lived there. Gallatin, Missouri Gallatin is a city in Missouri, United States. It is the county seat of Daviess County. Trenton, Missouri Trenton is a city in Missouri, United States. It is the county seat of Grundy County. Geography. Trenton has a total area of 6.7 square miles. U.S. Route 101 U.S. Route 101, or U.S. Highway 101, (US 101) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway that goes along the West Coast of the United States. It goes through the states of California, Oregon, and Washington. It goes alongside, and often joins onto, California State Route 1 when going through California. Unlike most other 3 digit routes in the system which are treated as spurs of their two digit parent routes, US 101 is treated as a two digit Route with a first digit of "10". The reason for this was that if the west coast highway was numbered US 91, there would be no room to establish US 93, US 95, US 97, and US 99, all of which must be west of US 91. So, they decided to call the west coast highway US 101 instead. The '10' could have been underlined so that people think that this route is a two digit route rather than a spur route of US 1, the US Highway on the east coast. The route starts in Los Angeles at the junction of the Interstate 5, Interstate 10, and California State Route 60. It goes west past the north side of Downtown Los Angeles towards the coast. It meets the coast near Oxnard and goes north along the coast from here. The main cities it passes through in California is Santa Maria, San Jose, San Francisco, Santa Rosa, and Eureka, California. In San Francisco, the route goes over the Golden Gate Bridge. The main cities the route passes in Oregon is North Bend, Florence, Newport, and Astoria. These cities are small, as no large cities are on Oregon's coast. It runs near to the Interstate 5, which goes through larger cities like Salem and Portland. In Washington, the main cities it passes through is Aberdeen, Forks and Port Angeles. It ends at the Interstate 5 in Olympia. The route is about in total. The route used to be the main highway along the West Coast, but now most people use the Interstate 5 to go along the coast. The US 101 used to go south to San Diego, but the part of the US 101 between here and Los Angeles was totally replaced by the I-5 in the 1960s. When it first opened, the US 101 used small roads that had already been built. In 1933, a new highway with bridges and ramps was built so it was faster for people to use. Crawl space A crawl space is a narrow area under a building that may be used for reaching pipes, wires, etc. without the need to dig. Sullivan County, Missouri Sullivan County is a county in northern Missouri. The county seat is Milan. In 2010, 6,714 people lived there. List of newspapers published in Canada This is a partial list of newspapers published in Canada: Tamaqua, Pennsylvania Tamaqua is a borough in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, United States. It also has public schools. In 2017, almost 6,705 people were in Tamaqua. It was founded in 1832. Springleaf MRT station Springleaf MRT station (TE4) is a underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Thomson-East Coast Line in Yishun, Singapore. It serves the nearby housing estate of Springside and Nee Soon Army Camp. The tracks between this station and Woodlands South station are the longest on the Thomson-East Coast Line. It is also the nearest MRT station towards the Singapore Zoo, Night Safari and River Safari. Before this future MRT station opens, Ang Mo Kio, Woodlands and Choa Chu Kang MRT stations would serve as the nearest MRT stations. History. This station was first announced on 29 August 2012. Construction began on 15 June 2014 at the former Seletar Institute. Lentor MRT station Lentor MRT station (TE5) is a underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Thomson–East Coast line in Ang Mo Kio, Singapore. It is located underneath Lentor Drive, next to its junction with Yio Chu Kang Road and Ang Mo Kio Avenue 4, bringing rail connectivity to residential developments in the area. History. This station was first announced on 29 August 2012. At 3:35am of 1 March 2018, a 48-year-old construction worker fell from a working platform 2.5 metres above the ground. He is working in a tunnel connecting to Lentor station. He was pronounced dead by paramedics at 4.30am. Mayflower MRT station Mayflower MRT station (TE6) is a underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Thomson-East Coast Line in Ang Mo Kio, Singapore. It is located around Kebun Baru Heights Estate, Kebun Baru Community Centre (CC) and near CHIJ St Nicholas Girls' School. History. This station was first announced on 29 August 2012. It will have the most number of exits along the Thomson-East Coast Line, with seven, making it the most accessible. Bright Hill MRT station Bright Hill MRT station (TE7/CR13) is a future underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Thomson-East Coast Line and Cross Island Line in Bishan, Singapore. Description. Bright Hill MRT station is a fully underground mass rapid transit station with four station entrances and exits. The station will serve the industrial estate of Sin Ming and is located near landmarks such as Peirce Secondary School and Ai Tong School. It is also located close to the Kong Meng San Phor Kark See Monastery. The monastery is Singapore's largest Mahayana Buddhist temple. The station derived its name from the temple. History. On 29 August 2012, it was announced that a Mass Rapid Transit station would be built in the Sin Ming as part of the new Thomson MRT line. This underground station was given the working name "Sin Ming". The station was later renamed to "Bright Hill MRT Station" on 27 August 2014 after a public voting exercise to determine the names of Thomson Line stations. This name is the English translation of the location name "Kong Meng San" (光明山), where the Monastery is located. Bright Hill MRT station was merged into the Thomson-East Coast MRT Line when the Land Transport Authority announced that the Eastern Region MRT Line and Thomson MRT line would be operating as a single line. This station will become an interchange station with the Cross Island Line when the line opens in 2029. Upper Thomson MRT station Upper Thomson MRT station (TE8) is a underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Thomson–East Coast line in Bishan, Singapore. The station is located at the traffic junction of Upper Thomson Road, Soo Chow Garden Road, Bright Hill Drive and Jalan Keli. It provides MRT access to the nearby Thomson Plaza. History. This station was first announced on 29 August 2012. Caldecott MRT station Caldecott MRT station (CC17/TE9) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange between the Circle line and Thomson–East Coast line. It is located in Toa Payoh, Singapore. As Bukit Brown MRT station is currently non-operational, the section of tracks between Caldecott station and Botanic Gardens MRT station is the longest between any two stations on the Circle line. Trains move at 80 km/h at this stretch. History. When the Circle line was planned, this station was planned to be an empty station, to be opened only when the area are more developed. It was only announced quite later that this station will open other stations of Stage 4 on 11 January 2007, and the station name was renamed to "Caldecott". The station opened on 8 October 2011. Starting from 2021, Caldecott station became an interchange station with the Thomson–East Coast line and serves as the terminus from 2021 to 2022, where it would be replaced by Gardens by the Bay as the Stage 3 of the line opens. Civil Defence shelter. Caldecott CCL station is one of eleven stations along the Circle line designated as Civil Defence (CD) shelters, which will be activated in times of national emergency. Apart from reinforced construction, the stations are designed and equipped with facilities to ensure the shelter environment is tolerable for people. Kong Meng San Phor Kark See Monastery The Kong Meng San Phor Kark See Monastery (also the "Bright Hill Pujue Chan Monastery") (), is a Buddhist temple located at Bright Hill Road in Bishan, Singapore. Built by Zhuan Dao in the early 20th century to propagate Buddhism and to provide lodging for monks, this monastery is the largest Buddhist temple in Singapore. History. Between 1920 and 1921, the Monastery was built on the a plot of land in Thomson Road that was donated by Tay Woo Seng, a Chinese businessmen. It was the first traditional Chinese forest monastery to be built in Singapore. Its name was taken from Kong Meng San ("Bright Hill", formerly "Hai Nan Mountain"), the place where the monastery is located at. The original temple consisted of a two-storey building, a shrine room, a visitors' room and living quarters. In 1980, the temple began to build Evergreen Bright Hill Home, which opened in 1983, with the donation of S$5.3 million from Hong Choon's followers, He Hui Zhong's family's company. The monastery opened the Buddhist College of Singapore on 13 September 2006. As the country's first Buddhist college, it offers a four-year bachelor's degree in Buddhism. Lessons were held within the temple until a new $35 million five-storey building is completed. On 21 June 2008, the temple raised over $1 million for the reconstruction of schools destroyed in the 12 May Sichuan earthquake, by organising the Great Compassion; Great Aspiration Charity Show. Present day. Premises. The modern day monastery premises consist of prayer halls, crematorium and columbarium which contains over 200,000 niches, bell and drum towers, and an outdoor statue of Avalokitesvara stands between the Dharma Hall and the Pagoda of 10,000 Buddhas. The Hong Choon Memorial Hall of the temple was built in 2004. Another notable feature of the monastery is a Bodhi Tree which was brought from the sacred Bodhi tree at Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. The tree in Sri Lanka was brought from Bodh Gaya, India where Shakyamuni Buddha was said to have attained enlightenment. The large bronze Buddha statue, located in the temple's Hall of No Form, is one of Asia's largest Buddha statue. It has a height of and it weighs . Practices, charities and events. The monastery celebrates Vesak Day every year with a variety of ceremonies such as "Bathing the Buddha", and "Three-Steps-One-Bow". Other major events include the Qingming Festival. As the East Asian traditional practice of burning incense and joss materials remain despite repeated pleas and discouragement, costlier alternatives appeared which include the installation of a new four-storey, $1 million eco-friendly burner in 2014. When Singapore's founding Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew died in 2015, the monastery conducted the primary Buddhist prayer service on 26 March 2015 together with the Singapore Buddhist Federation, Ozark (TV series) Ozark is an American crime drama television series. The show was created by Bill Dubuque and Mark Williams for Netflix and produced by Media Rights Capital. Jason Bateman stars as the lead character in the series, as well as a director in a number of episodes. Laura Linney, Sofia Hublitz, Skylar Gaertner, Julia Garner, Jordana Spiro, Jason Butler Harner, Esai Morales, Peter Mullan, Lisa Emery, Charlie Tahan, Harris Yulin, Janet McTeer, Tom Pelphrey, Michael Mosley, Trevor Long, Marc Menchaca and McKinley Belcher III also star. The series has earned two Primetime Emmy Awards. The series is about financial advisor Marty Byrde and his wife Wendy moving their family from Chicago to the Ozarks to start a money laundering operation for a Mexican drug cartel. When the Byrdes arrive in Missouri, they become mixed up with local criminals including the Langmores and Snells. Each season of "Ozark" has ten episodes. The first season of was released on July 21, 2017. The second season was released on August 31, 2018. The third season was released on March 27, 2020. Sofia Hublitz Sofia Hublitz (born June 1, 1999) is an American actress. She currently stars as Charlotte Byrde in the Netflix series "Ozark" (2017–present). She has also appeared in "MasterChef Junior", "Louie" and "Horace and Pete". She will star in the upcoming movie "What Breaks the Ice". Hublitz was born in Richmond, Virginia. She lives in New York City. Julia Garner Julia Garner (born February 1, 1994) is an American actress. She is best known for her starring role as Ruth Langmore in the Netflix crime drama series "Ozark" (2017–2022). For this role, she won two Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. Garner has also had roles in the FX spy-drama series "The Americans" (2015–18), the Netflix miniseries "Maniac" (2018) and the Bravo true crime series "Dirty John" (2018–19). Garner's movie credits include "Martha Marcy May Marlene" (2011), "The Perks of Being a Wallflower" (2012), "Electrick Children" (2012), "We Are What We Are" (2013), "" (2014), "Grandma" (2015), "Tomato Red" (2017) and "The Assistant" (2019). Garner was born in the Riverdale neighborhood of the Bronx, New York. She is Jewish. She married Mark Foster, lead singer of Foster the People, in 2019. Jordana Spiro Jordana Ariel Spiro (born April 12, 1977) is an American actress, director and writer. She has had roles in television shows such as "The Huntress", "JAG", "My Boys", "The Mob Doctor", "The Good Wife", "Blindspot" and "Ozark". She also directed and co-wrote the drama movie "Night Comes On" (2018). Spiro was born in Manhattan, New York. She is Jewish. She is married to Matthew Spitzer. The couple have one daughter. Jason Butler Harner Jason Thomas Butler Harner (born October 9, 1970) is an American actor. He appears on stage and screen. He starred as FBI special agent Roy Petty in the Netflix series "Ozark" (2017–2018). His other TV work includes "Homeland", "Betrayal", "The Blacklist", "Ray Donovan" and "neXt". He has also appeared in movies such as "Changeling" (2008), "The Taking of Pelham 123" (2009), "Kill the Irishman" (2011) and "Non-Stop" (2014). Harner was born in Elmira, New York. He grew up in northern Virginia. Macon County, Missouri Macon County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Macon. In 2010, 15,566 people lived there. St. Charles County, Missouri St. Charles County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is St. Charles. In 2010, 360,485 people lived there, making it the third-most populous county in Missouri. St. Charles County is part of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area and has many of the city's northwestern suburbs. Gentry County, Missouri Gentry County is a county in northwestern Missouri, United States. The county seat is Albany. In 2010, 6,738 people lived there. Stone County, Missouri Stone County is a county in southwestern Missouri, United States. The county seat is Galena. In 2010, 32,202 people lived there. Iron County, Missouri Iron County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Ironton. In 2010, 10,630 people lived there. It was organized on February 17, 1857. Roger Kahn Roger Kahn (October 31, 1927 – February 6, 2020) was an American author. He was born in New York City. Kahn was best known for his 1972 baseball book "The Boys of Summer". Kahn died on February 6, 2020 in Mamaroneck, New York at the age of 92. Mamaroneck, New York Mamaroneck ( ) is a town in Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 29,156 at the 2010 census. Gasconade County, Missouri Gasconade County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Hermann. In 2010, 15,222 people lived there. Wayne County, Missouri Wayne County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Greenville. In 2010, 13,521 people lived there. It is in the Ozark foothills. Brian Glennie Brian "Blunt" Glennie (August 29, 1946 – February 7, 2020) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He was born in Toronto. Glennie played in the NHL from 1969 until 1979. Glennie was a master of the hip-check. He played for Toronto Maple Leafs, Los Angeles Kings, Rochester Americans, and Tulsa Oilers. Glennie won a bronze medal at the 1968 Winter Olympics. Glennie died on February 7, 2020 at the age of 73. Harrison County, Missouri Harrison County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Bethany. In 2010, 8,957 people lived there. The county was organized on February 14, 1845 and named for U.S. Representative Albert G. Harrison of Missouri. Geography. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.5%) is water. Demographics. As of the 2010 census, there were 8,957 people, 3,669 households and 2,461 families living in Harrison County. Kevin Conway (actor) Kevin John Conway (May 29, 1942 – February 5, 2020) was an American actor and film director. He was born in New York City. Conway was known for his roles in "Gettysburg", "Thirteen Days" and "Invincible". Conway died on February 5, 2020, of a heart attack in New York City, aged 77. Pike County, Missouri Pike County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Bowling Green. In 2010, 18,516 people lived there. It is on the Mississippi River. Miller County, Missouri Miller County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Tuscumbia. In 2010, 24,748 people lived there. Scott County, Missouri Scott County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Benton. In 2010, 39,191 people lived there. Osage County, Missouri Osage County is a county in Missouri, United States. The county seat is Linn. In 2010, 13,878 people lived there. Worth County, Missouri Worth County is a county in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Missouri. The county seat is Grant City. In 2010, 2,171 people lived there that makes it the smallest county in the state by population. The county was organized on February 8, 1861 and named for General William J. Worth, who served in the Mexican–American War. Worth County is the youngest county in the state. Geography. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.08%) is water. It is the smallest county in Missouri by area. Iowa is located to the north of Worth County. J. Warren Keifer Joseph Warren Keifer (January 30, 1836 – April 22, 1932) was a major general during the Spanish–American War. He was a U.S. politician during the 1880s. He served in the United States House of Representatives as a Republican from Ohio from 1877 to 1885 and from 1905 to 1911. From 1881 to 1883 he was Speaker of the House. Buddha Institute of Technology Buddha Institute of Technology also known as a BIT College or only BIT Engineering College (A Unit of BIT Group of institutions) is a private engineering college located in Gaya Bihar, India. BIT engineering college is an Indian institute of higher education. It was started in the year 2008 by the philanthropist and industrialist Founder Er. Awdhesh Kumar, at Industrial Area, Gaya-Dobhi Road, Gaya in the Bihar state of India Lyon County, Kentucky Lyon County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 8,314. Its county seat is Eddyville. The county was formed in 1854 and named for former Congressman Chittenden Lyon. Christian County, Kentucky Christian County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 73,955. Its county seat is Hopkinsville. The county was formed in 1797. Henderson County, Kentucky Henderson County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 46,250. Its county seat is Henderson. The county was formed in 1798. Annville, Kentucky Annville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Jackson County, Kentucky in the United States. Salvisa, Kentucky Salvisa is a census-designated place of Kentucky in the United States. Brooks, Kentucky Brooks is a census-designated place (CDP) in Bullitt County, Kentucky in the United States. Bullitt County, Kentucky Bullitt County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 74,319. Its county seat is Shepherdsville. The county was formed in 1796. Brownington, Kentucky Brownington is an unincorporated community in Bullitt County, Kentucky in the United States. Bandana, Kentucky Bandana is a census-designated place (CDP) of Kentucky in the United States. Laurel County, Kentucky Laurel County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 58,849. Its county seat is London. Marietta, Georgia Marietta is a city in and the county seat of Cobb County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 56,579. Nakhon Ratchasima shootings On 8 and 9 February 2020, a mass shooting happened in Nakhon Ratchasima Province (also known as Korat) in Thailand. A soldier killed 29 people at four locations. He started the attack on 8 February at a house, where he killed two people. He then went to a military camp, where he killed a soldier. Later on 8 February, he went to the city of Nakhon Ratchasima, where he killed 9 people at a Buddhist temple. Over a period of hours, he killed 17 people in a shopping mall. The solider was shot and killed by the police at the mall on 9 February. Shirley Henderson Shirley Henderson (born 24 November 1965) is a Scottish actress. Her most notable movie roles include Gail in "Trainspotting" (1996), Jude in the three "Bridget Jones" movies (2001, 2004, 2016) and Moaning Myrtle in "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" (2002) and "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire" (2005). Her other movies include "Topsy-Turvy" (1999), "Wilbur Wants to Kill Himself" (2002), "Frozen" (2005), "Miss Pettigrew Lives for a Day" (2008), "Anna Karenina" (2012), "Never Steady, Never Still" (2017), "Okja" (2017) and "" (2019). On television, Henderson starred with Robert Carlyle in the BBC series "Hamish Macbeth" (1995–97). She also played Frances Drummond in the BBC drama "Happy Valley" (2016). She was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Supporting Actress for the Channel 4 miniseries "Southcliffe" (2013). In 2018, she won the Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her role as Elizabeth in the original production of "Girl from the North Country". Henderson was born in Forres, Moray. She grew up in Kincardine, a small town on the north shore of the Firth of Forth, in Fife. Ballard County, Kentucky Ballard County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 8,249. Its county seat is Wickliffe. Meade County, Kentucky Meade County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 28,602. Its county seat is Brandenburg. It was formed on December 17, 1823. Allen County, Kentucky Allen County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 19,956. Its county seat is Scottsville. Campbell County, Kentucky Campbell County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 90,336. Its county seats are Alexandria and Newport. It was formed on December 17, 1794. Kinetics Kinetics is the branch of mechanics which deals with the motion of bodies by considering the causes of motions. In this branch we study that how the body moves and why? It helps us to find the agent which produces motion in the body. Secession in Russia Secession in Russia typically refers to state secession, which is the withdrawal of one or more states from the Republic of Russia. Summary. This table shows only the list of movements. The source of each movement is cited in its own section. The population of each area is provided for information only. Asian Russia. Summary. This table shows only the list of movements. The source of each movement is cited in its own section. The population of each area is provided for information only. Asian Russia. Siberia or Siberian Federal District Far Eastern Federal District. Far Eastern Republic Evenia Nanaia Siberian Federal District. Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District Evenkia Selkupia Shor Mountain Tuva Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug Ural Federal District. Yamalia/Nenets Autonomous Okrug European Russia. Summary. This table shows only the list of movements. The source of each movement is cited in its own section. The population of each area is provided for information only. Ural Federal District. Sverdlovsk Oblast Volga Federal District. Idel-Ural Mari El Tatarstan Bashkortostan Chuvashia Northwestern Federal District. Nenetsia Leningrad Oblast Komi-Permyak Okrug Karelia Kaliningrad Oblast Southern Federal District. Kuban Don Republic Kalmykia North Caucasian Federal District. Abazinia Circassia Aghulistan Avaria Darginstan Karachay-Balkaria Kumykia Lakistan Lezgistan Nogaia Rutulstan Tabasaranstan Marshall County, Indiana Marshall County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2010, 47,051 people lived there. The county seat is Plymouth. Portuguese Water Dog The Portuguese Water Dog is a dog breed that originated from the Algarve region in Portugal. They are used as working dogs along the Portuguese coast: they help fishermen catch fish. Logan County, Kentucky Logan County is a county located in the southwest Pennyroyal Plateau area of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 26,835. Its county seat is Russellville. Leslie County, Kentucky Leslie County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 11,310. Its county seat is Hyden. Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania Schuylkill County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Its county seat is Pottsville. In July 2018, almost 142,067 people were in Schuylkill. History. The county was created on March 1, 1811. Central Siberian Yupik language Central Siberian Yupik is one of four existing Yupik languages. It is also known as Siberian Yupik, Bering Strait Yupik, Yuit, Yoit, "St. Lawrence Island Yupik", and in Russia "Chaplinski Yupik" or Yuk. It is spoken by the Yupik people in Siberia, and in two villages on St. Lawrence Island. It is an endangered language: Of the 1,200 residents of St. Lawrence Islands, fewer than 1,000 speak the language. On the Siberian mainland, about 200 of the 1,200 ethnic Yupik speak the language. The second most common Yupik language in Siberia is Naukan Yupik, with about 70 speakers. There are two dialects: Chaplino Yupik is mainly spoken on the Chukchi Peninsula, Siberia, and St. Lawrence Island Yupik. The differences between the two dialects are small. Ace Books Ace Books is an American specialty publisher of science fiction and fantasy books. The company was founded in New York City in 1952 by Aaron A. Wyn and began as a genre publisher of mysteries and westerns. It soon tried other genres. Ace published its first science fiction (SF) book in 1953. This was successful, and Ace soon published more science fiction books than both mysteries and westerns. Ace became known for the "tête-bêche" publishing format used for many of its early books. But, it did not invent the format. Most of the early books were published in this "Ace Double" format, and Ace continued to publish books in several genres, in "tête-bêche" format, until 1973. Ace, along with Ballantine Books, was one of the leading science fiction publishers for its first ten years. The death of owner A. A. Wyn in 1967 created problems for the publisher. That was delayed several years by the Ace Science Fiction Specials series, prominent in science fiction awards and nominations for novels published from 1968 to 1970. Two leading editors, Donald A. Wollheim and Terry Carr, left in 1971, and in 1972 Ace was sold to Grosset & Dunlap. Despite financial troubles, there were more successes, particularly with the third Ace Science Fiction Specials series, for which Carr came back as editor. Several sales of the company resulted in the company becoming part of Berkley Books. Ace later became an imprint of Penguin Group (USA). History. 1952: Ace Doubles concept. Editor Donald A. Wollheim was working at Avon Books in 1952, but disliked his job. While looking for other work, he tried to persuade A. A. Wyn to begin a new paperback publishing company. Wyn was already a well-established publisher of books and pulp magazines under the name A. A. Wyn's Magazine Publishers. His magazines included "Ace Mystery" and "Ace Sports." Ace Books may have got its name from these magazines. Wyn liked Wollheim's idea but waited for several months; meanwhile, Wollheim was applying for other jobs, including assistant editor at Pyramid Books. Pyramid mistakenly called Wyn's wife Rose for a reference, thinking Wollheim had worked for her. When Rose told her husband that Wollheim was applying for another job, Wyn made up his mind: he hired Wollheim immediately as an editor. The first book published by Ace was a pair of mysteries bound "tête-bêche": Keith Vining's "Too Hot for Hell", backed with Samuel W. Taylor's "The Grinning Gismo," for 35 cents, with serial number D-01. A "tête-bêche" book has the two titles bound in opposite directions, so that there are two front covers and the two texts meet in the middle (sometimes with advertising pages in between). Ace did not invent this format even though they are well-known for it. Ace published hundreds of titles bound this way over the next twenty-one years. Books by established authors were often bound with those by lesser-known writers, so that this would help new writers gain readers. The main drawback of the "Ace Double" format was that the two books had to fit a fixed page length (usually totalling between 256 and 320 low-height pages); thus one or both novels might be cut or revised to fit. Despite the tag "Complete and Unabridged" on the cover, books so labeled were sometimes still abridged. Some important titles in the early D-series novels are D-15, which features William S. Burroughs's first novel, "Junkie" (written under the pseudonym "William Lee"), and many novels by Philip K. Dick, Robert Bloch, Harlan Ellison, Harry Whittington, and Louis L'Amour, including those written under his pseudonym "Jim Mayo". The last Ace Double in the first series was John T. Phillifent's "Life with Lancelot", backed with William Barton's "Hunting on Kunderer", issued August 1973 (serial #48245). Although Ace started using the "Ace Double" name again in 1974, the books were arranged conventionally, not "tête-bêche". 1953–1963: Genre focus. Ace's second title was a western (also "tête-bêche"): William Colt MacDonald's "Bad Man's Return", bound with J. Edward Leithead's "Bloody Hoofs". Mysteries and westerns alternated regularly for the first thirty titles, with a few books not in either genre, such as P. G. Wodehouse's "Quick Service", bound with his "The Code of the Woosters". In 1953, A.E. van Vogt's "The World of Null-A", bound with his "The Universe Maker", appeared; this was Ace's first foray into science fiction. (Earlier in 1953, Ace had released Theodore S. Drachman's "Cry Plague!", with a plot that could be regarded as SF, but the book it was bound with—Leslie Edgley's "The Judas Goat"—was not SF.) Another SF double followed later in 1953, and SF quickly became an important part of Ace's business. By 1955, the company released more SF books each year than in either of the other two genres, and from 1961 onward, SF titles outnumbered mysteries and westerns combined. Ace also published some juvenile delinquent novels in the 1950s. Collectors want these books, such as D-343, "The Young Wolves" by Edward De Roo and D-378, "Out for Kicks" by Wilene Shaw. By the late 1950s, Ace's was publishing almost one hundred titles a year. Almost all the books were 35 cents, though some slim single volumes were 25 cents. A few were 50 cents. In the early '60s, rising costs finally forced an increase in the price of the books, and more books appeared at 40 cents, 45 cents and higher. A few thick volumes, such as the 1967 paperback of Frank Herbert's "Dune", were priced at 95 cents. With Ballantine Books, Ace was the dominant American science fiction paperback publisher in the 1950s and 1960s. Other publishers followed their example and sold books to the increasing audience for SF. But, no other publisher had as much the influence as Ace or Ballantine. Market dominance was not only how many books Ace published, but also the first novels of authors such as Philip K. Dick ("Solar Lottery", 1955, D-103, bound with Leigh Brackett's "The Big Jump"); Gordon R. Dickson ("Alien from Arcturus", 1956, D-139, bound with Nick Boddie Williams' "The Atom Curtain"), Samuel R. Delany ("The Jewels of Aptor", 1962, F-173, bound with James White's "Second Ending"), Ursula K. Le Guin ("Rocannon's World", 1966, G-574, bound with Avram Davidson's "The Kar-Chee Reign"), Roger Zelazny ("This Immortal", 1966, F-393), and R. A. Lafferty's "Past Master" (1968, H-54). 1964–1970: Financial problems. In 1964, science fiction author Terry Carr joined the company. In 1967, he started the Ace Science Fiction Specials line, publishing critically acclaimed original novels by such authors as R. A. Lafferty, Joanna Russ and Ursula K. Le Guin. Carr and Wollheim also co-edited an annual "Year's Best Science Fiction" anthology series; and Carr also edited "Universe", a well-received original anthology series. "Universe" was initially published by Ace, although when Carr left in 1971 the series moved elsewhere. In 1965, Wollheim argued that there was a copyright loophole in the American edition of "The Lord of the Rings" by J. R. R. Tolkien. The Houghton Mifflin edition had been bound using pages printed in the United Kingdom for the George Allen & Unwin edition, and as a result, U.S. copyright law might not protect the text. Based on this view, Ace Books published the first-ever paperback edition of Tolkien's work, featuring cover art and hand-drawn title pages by Jack Gaughan. After considerable controversy and the release of a competitive authorized (and revised) edition by Ballantine Books (the back covers of which included a message from Tolkien urging consumers to buy the Ballantine edition and boycott any "unauthorized" versions – referring directly to the Ace editions), Ace agreed to pay royalties to Tolkien and let its still-popular edition go out of print. Wyn died in 1967, and the company grew larger than its budget. It did not pay its authors reliably. Without money to pay the signing bonus, Wollheim did not want to send signed contracts to authors. At least once, a book without a contract went to the printer. Wollheim later found out that the author, who was owed $3,000 by Ace, had to picking fruit for a living. 1971–2015: Ace becomes a subsidiary. Both Wollheim and Carr left Ace in 1971. Wollheim planned to start a separate paperback house with New American Library. He set up DAW Books. Carr became a freelance editor. Both Carr and Wollheim then edited competing Year's Best Science Fiction anthology series. By the early 1970s, Ace Books became a major division of the old publisher, Charter Communications. It was in the Hippodrome Building, 1120 Avenue of the Americas, in New York City. In 1972, Grosset & Dunlap bought Ace, and in 1982, Grosset & Dunlap was bought by G.P. Putnam's Sons. Ace was likely the only profitable part of Grosset & Dunlap by this time. Ace soon became the science fiction imprint of its parent company. Carr returned to Ace Books in 1984 as a freelance editor, launching a new series of Ace Specials devoted entirely to first novels. This series was even more successful than the first: it included, in 1984 alone, William Gibson's "Neuromancer", Kim Stanley Robinson's "The Wild Shore", Lucius Shepard's "Green Eyes", and Michael Swanwick's "In the Drift". All were first novels by authors now regarded as major figures in the SF genre. Other prominent SF publishing figures who have worked at Ace include Tom Doherty, who left to start Tor Books, and Jim Baen, who left to work at Tor and who eventually founded Baen Books. Writers who have worked at Ace include Frederik Pohl and Ellen Kushner. In 1996, Penguin Group (USA) bought the Putnam Berkley Group, and kept Ace as its SF imprint. As of December 2012, recently published authors included Joe Haldeman, Charles Stross, Laurell K. Hamilton, Alastair Reynolds, and Jack McDevitt. Penguin joined together with Random House in 2013 to become Penguin Random House, which continues to own Berkley. Ace's editorial team is also responsible for the Roc Books imprint, although the two imprints have a separate brand identity. People. These people have worked at Ace Books as editors. The list is in order by the date they started working at Ace, if that is known. It includes editors who are notable and the most recent editors at Ace. Ace names for series of books. Until the late 1980s, Ace titles had two main types of serial numbers: letter series, such as "D-31" and "H-77", and numbers, such as "10293" and "15697". The letters told the price. This is a list of letter series with their dates and prices. The first series of Ace books began in 1952 with D-01, a western in "tête-bêche" format: Keith Vining's "Too Hot for Hell" backed with Samuel W. Taylor's "The Grinning Gismo". That series continued until D-599, Patricia Libby's "Winged Victory for Nurse Kerry", but the series also included several G and S serial numbers, depending on the price. The D and S did not indicate "Double" (i.e., "tête-bêche") or "Single"; there are D-series titles that are not "tête-bêche", although none of the "tête-bêche" titles have an S serial number. Towards the end of this initial series, the F series began (at a new price), and thereafter there were always several different letter series in publication simultaneously. The D and S prefixes did not appear again after the first series, but the G prefix acquired its own series starting with G-501. Hence the eight earlier G-series titles can be considered part of a different series to the G-series proper. All later series after the first kept independent numbering systems, starting at 1 or 101. The "tête-bêche" format proved attractive to book collectors, and some rare titles in mint condition command prices over $1,000. Barney's 1, 2, 3, 4 Seasons Barney's 1-2-3-4 Seasons is the sixth "Barney & Friends" home video. It features an array of traditional children's songs and school songs. This video is also works on Actimates Barney and is the very first video release to be distributed by Lyrick Studios. Plot. BJ just cannot wait to play all of his favorite outdoor games and sports. But it never seems to be the right season of the year. Barney and his friends help BJ, and with four magical jars and a little bit of imagination, they experience spring, summer, fall and winter – all in one fantastic day of seasonal fun! Fantastic Science Fiction Fantastic was an American digest-size fantasy and science fiction magazine. It was published from 1952 to 1980. Ziff Davis started it as a fantasy companion to "Amazing Stories". Within a few years sales went down. Howard Browne, the editor, was forced to switch to science fiction not fantasy. Browne lost interest in the magazine. The magazine often published poor-quality fiction in the mid-1950s, under Browne and his successor, Paul W. Fairman. At the end of the 1950s, Cele Goldsmith took over as editor of both "Fantastic" and "Amazing Stories". Goldsmith helped to support the early careers of writers such as Roger Zelazny and Ursula K. Le Guin. In 1965 the magazines were sold to Sol Cohen, who hired Joseph Wrzos as editor and switched to a reprint-only policy. This was financially successful, but brought Cohen into conflict with the newly formed Science Fiction Writers of America. At the end of the 1960s, Ted White became editor and the reprints were stopped. White worked hard to make the magazine successful, introducing artwork from comics artistsBut, in 1978, Cohen sold out his half of the business to his partner, Arthur Bernhard. White resigned soon after. Elinor Mavor was the next editor, but within two years Bernhard decided to close down "Fantastic". He combined it with "Amazing Stories", which had always enjoyed a slightly higher circulation. Suresh Bhattarai Suresh Bhattarai is a Nepalese physicist and astrophysicist who is a physics lecturer at the Department Of Physics at Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus and also is the Current Chairperson Of Nepal Astronomical Society (NASO). Education and career. Suresh attended the Sanskrit Secondary School (Nepal Sanskrit University) in 2002, the Amrit Science College (Tribhuvan University) in 2004 for S.L.C and I.Sc respectively. He then went on to Balmeeki Vidyapeeth (Nepal Sanskrit University) in 2005 for a Uttar Madhyama. He majored B.Sc. Physics in Tri-Chandra College (Tribhuvan University) in 2007. He obtained a M.Sc. in 2011 from St. Xavier's College (Tribhuvan University) majoring Astrophysics and Plasma. Anderson County, Kentucky Anderson County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 21,421. Its county seat is Lawrenceburg. Barren County, Kentucky Barren County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 42,173. Its county seat is Glasgow. Bourbon County, Kentucky Bourbon County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 19,985. Its county seat is Paris. Letcher County, Kentucky Letcher County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 24,519. Its county seat is Whitesburg. Lincoln County, Kentucky Lincoln County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 24,742. Its county seat is Stanford. Monroe County, Kentucky Monroe County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 10,963. Its county seat is Tompkinsville. Meade County Meade County is the name of three counties in the United States: Bath County, Kentucky Bath County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 11,591. Its county seat is Owingsville. The county was formed in 1811. Butler County, Kentucky Butler County is a county in Kentucky. Its county seat is Morgantown. Taylor County, Kentucky Taylor County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 24,512. Its county seat is Campbellsville. Cerulean, Kentucky Cerulean is a census-designated place and unincorporated community of Kentucky in the United States. Clinton County, Kentucky Clinton County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 10,272. Its county seat is Albany. It was formed in 1835. Marion County, Kentucky Marion County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 19,820. Its county seat is Lebanon. Morgan's Point, Texas Morgan's Point is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Mingus, Texas Mingus is a city in Palo Pinto County, Texas in the United States. As of 2010, 235 people lived there. Graford, Texas Graford is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Alvarado, Texas Alvarado is a city in Johnson County, Texas. It is the oldest city in the county. Bell County, Kentucky Bell County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 28,691. Its county seat is Pineville. Menifee County, Kentucky Menifee County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 6,306. Its county seat is Frenchburg. Washington County, Kentucky Washington County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 11,717. Its county seat is Springfield. The county is named for George Washington, the first President of the United States (1789–1797). The county was formed in 1792. McGregor, Texas McGregor is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Rewa district Locality Name : Chunari ( चुनरी ) Tehsil Name : Teonthar District : Rewa State : Madhya Pradesh Division : Rewa Language : Hindi and Devanagari,dravidian,agariya Current Time 05:51 PM Date: Sunday , Feb 09,2020 (IST) Time zone: IST (UTC+5:30) Elevation / Altitude: 135 meters. Above Seal level Telephone Code / Std Code: 07661 Assembly constituency : Teonthar assembly constituency Assembly MLA : shyam lal dwivedi Lok Sabha constituency : Rewa parliamentary constituency Parliament MP : JANARDAN MISHRA Serpanch Name : Munsee lal singh urf (Dada) Pin Code : 486223 Post Office Name : Jawa Petrol pump -Alopan mata Petrolpump Gas station in Sahijwar, Madhya Pradesh Government hospital there and semi government school also Teonthar Tehsil Court - divide into 2 part 1-Teonthar nagar panchayat (population 17039 2- chakghat nagar panchayat (population 10678) Prachalit khatha sohagi pahadh/chunnri gaao Pus maah ters the festival of lord mahadev Named as adhgadh nath dham mandir the tourist place there there are some mistry over ther relating indian indipendent the thakur vansaj of Rameshwar Prasad singh the freedom fighter and best friend of mahatma gandhi many story’s are there Medomalacuphobia Fear of losing an erection. Usually cases in men who have erectile dysfunction. Can cause embarrassment during sexual intercourse otherwise making men stay away from any sort of sexual relationship. Melikdom of Kashatag Melikdom of Kashatag(also Kyshtag; arm. Քաշաթաղի մելիքություն) - Armenian melikdom(princedom), which existed in the XV-XVII centuries. It was located along the Akera River, on the southeastern section of the modern border of Armenia and Azerbaijan(approximately corresponds to the Kashatag region of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic). The residence of the Meliks was located in the village of Khnats, in the east of the present Syunik region of Armenia. History. Melikdom was founded in the last quarter of the 15th century. Melik Haykaz I, the founder of the Melik-Haykazyan dynasty, the youngest branch of the Armenian princely dynasty of Proshyan, became its founder. Prior to the Aikazyan, the Kashatag region was ruled by the clan of Shahurnetsi and before them by the Orbelian family. Aikaz I was succeeded by a son, Ahnazar I. Ahnazar died in 1551, his grave survived until the 1930s. The palace of Akhnazar in Khnatsakh has survived to this day. The most prominent representative of the genus was Melik Aikaz II, who owned Melik rights from 1551 to 1623 and was an active supporter of the Iranian orientation during the Turkish-Persian wars for the possession of Transcaucasia. Arakel of Tabriz mentions him as one of the noble Armenians and advisers at the court of Shah of Iran Abbas I. According to historian M. Asratyan, due to the brutal policies of the Ottoman Empire during the temporary occupation of Transcaucasia, in the 1580s or 90s, Aykaz II left his possessions and lived in exile in Iran for 10-15 years. After the reconquest of the region by Iran and the crowding out of Turkish troops, in 1606-1607, as one of the loyal supporters of the Shah, Aykaz II was not only restored to his rights to Kashatag but also received some possessions beyond its borders. We have reached the decree(ferman) of Shah Abbas I with a listing of the services provided by Melik for Shah authorities. The decree(ferman) himself has no date, but the date 999 of the hijra (that is, 1590/1591) is indicated on the seal of Abbas I. The names of Aikaz I, Ahnazar I, Aikaz II and their descendants are found in tombstones preserved on gravestones of the 16th – 18th centuries. On behalf of Melikdom of Kashatag, which were belonged to the Aykazyan family, a document written in Persian in 1691-92 was preserved. It includes the joint appeal of Melik Akhnazar and his subordinate village headmen(in Armenian "tanuter", in Persian "kedhuda"), addressed to the Shah’s court. In the document, they appoint as their authorized representatives the son of melik Akhnazar, Ilyas (Elias), and one of the elders, Hikor, who were supposed to present the problems arising in the region to the Shah’s court and defend the interests of the local population. The names of Melik Ahnazar and his brother Aikaz (who is also mentioned in the document of 1691/92 as one of the witnesses) are marked in the inscription of 1682 on the facade of the entrance to the Church of the Holy Virgin in the village of Mirik of the Kashatag region. Harrison County, Kentucky Harrison County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,846. Its county seat is Cynthiana. Hickman County, Kentucky Hickman County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 4,902. Its county seat is Clinton. It was formed in 1821. Caldwell County, Kentucky Caldwell County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 12,984. Its county seat is Princeton. Martin County, Kentucky Martin County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 12,929. Its county seat is Inez. Lee County, Kentucky Lee County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, 7,719 people lived there. Its county seat is Beattyville. Pulaski County, Kentucky Pulaski County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 63,063. Its county seat is Somerset. Carlisle County, Kentucky Carlisle County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 5,104. Its county seat is Bardwell. West University Place, Texas West University Place, often called West University or West U for short, is a city located in the U.S. state of Texas. Blanket, Texas Blanket is a town in the U.S. state of Texas. Bridgeport, Texas Bridgeport is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Blue Ridge, Texas Blue Ridge is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census says that there were 822 people, 284 households, and 210 families living in the city. Benavides, Texas Benavides is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Pearsall, Texas Pearsall is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Knott County, Kentucky Knott County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 16,346. Its county seat is Hindman. Estill County, Kentucky Estill County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,672. Its county seat is Irvine Arthur Read Arthur Timothy Read is the main character of the popular children’s animated television show "Arthur". Friends. Francine Frensky. Arthur and Francine are great friends. Francine may be in love with Arthur. Binky told Arthur that Francine has a crush on Arthur. Francine will marry Arthur. Buster Baxter. Buster is Arthur’s best friend in the show. Arthur became enemies with Buster once but became friends again in the end. D.W. D.W is Arthur’s younger sister. Arthur punched D.W in Arthur’s Big Hit. Mister Rogers. Mister Rogers is very kind to Arthur. He helped Arthur when Arthur was worried his friends would tease him for being friends with Mister Rogers. Arthur’s Big Hit. A scene in the episode Arthur’s Big Hit where Arthur punched D.W became a very popular meme on the internet. Clifton, Texas Clifton is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It's population is 3,348 in 2010. Goodlow, Texas Goodlow is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Rowan County, Kentucky Rowan County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 23,333. Its county seat is Morehead. Rowan County Rowan County is the name of two counties in the United States: Nicholas County, Kentucky Nicholas County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 7,135. Its county seat is Carlisle. Emhouse, Texas Emhouse is a town in the U.S. state of Texas. Danbury, Texas Danbury is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Oyster Creek, Texas Oyster Creek is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Devine, Texas Devine is a city in Medina County, Texas in the United States. Fries (disambiguation) Fries may refer to: 2100 2100 (MMC) will be an exceptional common year starting on Friday in the Gregorian calendar. Many upcoming events or what the world will look like have been predicted. Angel Echevarria Angel Santos Echevarria (May 25, 1971 – February 7, 2020) was an American professional baseball player. He played as an outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1996 to 2002. He played for the Colorado Rockies (1996–2000), the Milwaukee Brewers (2000–2001) and the Chicago Cubs (2002). He also played in Japan for Pacific League team Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters from 2003 to 2004. He was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Echevarria died due to a fall on February 7, 2020 in Bridgeport. He was 48. Larry Popein Lawrence Thomas Popein (August 11, 1930 – February 8, 2020), nicknamed "Pope", was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach. He played as a centre. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Rangers and the Oakland Seals. He also played for other ice hockey teams, including the Moose Jaw Canucks and the Vancouver Canucks He was interim head coach of the New York Rangers during the 1973–74 season. Popein was born in Yorkton, Saskatchewan. He died on February 8, 2020, at the age of 89. Victor Gorelick Victor Gorelick (April 5, 1941 – February 7, 2020) was an American comic book editor and executive. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He worked for Archie Comics for over 60 years. He had many roles at the company and later became its editor-in-chief. He also taught cartooning as an instructor at Kingsborough Community College in New York City. He was given an Inkpot Award at the 2008 San Diego Comic-Con International. Gorelick died on February 7, 2020, at the age of 78. Lila Garrett Lila Garrett (November 21, 1925 – February 1, 2020) was an American television screenwriter and radio host. She was born in Brooklyn, New York. She wrote for the sitcoms "The Second Hundred Years", "My Favorite Martian", "All in the Family", "Bewitched" and "Barney Miller". She also won two Daytime Emmy Awards for "The ABC Afternoon Playbreak". She co-wrote with Bernie Kahn and Stu Billett the Disney TV movie "The Barefoot Executive" (1971). She was also an anti-war activist. She founded the Americans Against War with Iraq organization. She hosted KPFK's "Connect the Dots" on Pacifica Radio. Garrett died on February 1, 2020, at the age of 94. Remy Hii Remy Hii (born 24 July 1986) is an Australian actor. In 2013, he starred as Van Tuong Nguyen in the four-part miniseries "Better Man" and as Hudson Walsh in the soap opera "Neighbours". Other television appearances include "Marco Polo", "Harrow" and "Sisters". He appeared in the movies "Crazy Rich Asians" (2018) and "" (2019). Hii was born in Malaysia. His father is Chinese-Malaysian and his British mother is from Manchester. He grew up in Papua New Guinea and Queensland. Jacob Batalon Jacob Batalon (born October 9, 1996) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Ned Leeds in the Marvel Cinematic Universe movies ' (2017), ' (2018), ' (2019) and ' (2019). Batalon was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. His parents are Filipino. Judy (movie) Judy is a 2019 biographical movie. Renée Zellweger plays the actress and singer Judy Garland. Zellweger won Best Actress for her role from the Academy, Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards. "Judy" was released at Telluride Film Festival on August 30, 2019. Next, it was released at Toronto International Film Festival on September 10. On September 27, it was released in the United States under Roadside Attractions and LD Entertainment. The movie's soundtrack has twelve of Judy Garland's most popular songs. Many movie critics were satisfied with "Judy". Rotten Tomatoes gives this movie an 82% rating with 302 reviews. The Metacritic has a rating of 66/100, meaning generally favorable reviews. The movie was rated PG-13 for adult themes. Gasherbrum V Gasherbrum V is a mountain in the Karakoram range, in Pakistan. It was thought to be part of Gasherbrum IV until 1934. The first people to reach the top were Seong Nak-jong and Ahn Chi-young, in 2014. Carlos Julio Pereyra Carlos Julio Pereyra Pereyra (5 November 1922 – 9 February 2020) was a Uruguayan schoolteacher, author and politician. He was born in Rocha. He was a member of the National Party. He served as a senator from 1966 to 2005. In the 1971 election, he was the running mate of Wilson Ferreira Aldunate. He was an underground leader of his party during the civic-military dictatorship. He ran for president in the 1989 and 1994 elections. Pereyra died of kidney failure in Montevideo on 9 February 2020. He was 97. Henderson, North Carolina Henderson, a city with a population of 15,368 at the 2010 census, is the county seat of Vance County, North Carolina, United States. Vance County, North Carolina Vance County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 45,422. Its county seat is Henderson. Amanda Setton Amanda Setton (born December 16, 1985) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Penelope Shafai on The CW's teen drama "Gossip Girl" (2008–12) and for her role as Kimberly Andrews on the ABC soap opera "One Life to Live" (2009–11). Antun Vrdoljak Antun Vrdoljak (born 5 June 1931) is a Croatian actor, director, sports official, activist and politician. He was the head of Croatian Radiotelevision during the Yugoslav wars. His best known movies were "Kad čuješ zvona" ("When You Hear the Bells", 1969) and "U gori raste zelen bor" ("A Green Pine Tree grows on the Mountain", 1971). He was a member of the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), which led to his appointment to a series of offices. He was director general of Croatian Radiotelevision (1991–95), and the president of the Croatian Olympic Committee (1991–2000). Vatroslav Mimica Vatroslav Mimica (25 June 1923 – 15 February 2020) was a Croatian movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Omiš, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. His career began in 1952 and ended in 1981. At first, he wrote movie reviews. Later in his career, he became known for his animated movies. Mimica was known for his works in "The Jubilee of Mr Ikel" (1955), "Suleiman the Conqueror" (1961), "Prometheus of the Island" (1964). "Monday or Tuesday" (1966), "Kaya" (1967), "An Event" (1969), "The Fed One" (1970), "The Macedonian Part of Hell" (1971), "Anno Domini 1573" (1975), "The Last Mission of Demolitions Man Cloud" (1978) and "The Falcon" (1981). Mimica died on 15 February 2020 in Zagreb, Croatia at the age of 96. Paula Kelly (actress) Paula Kelly (October 21, 1942 – February 8, 2020) was an American dancer, singer, and actress. She appeared on stage and on screen in movies and television. Her first Broadway role was as Mrs. Veloz in the 1964 musical "Something More!", sharing the stage with Barbara Cook. Her other Broadway credits include "The Dozens" (1969), "Paul Sills' Story Theatre" (1971), "Ovid's Metamorphoses" (1971) and Duke Ellington's "Sophisticated Ladies" (1981) with Gregory Hines and Phyllis Hyman. Kelly's movie credits include "Sweet Charity", "Soylent Green", "The Spook Who Sat by the Door", "The Andromeda Strain", "Uptown Saturday Night", "Lost in the Stars", "Jo Jo Dancer, Your Life Is Calling", "Drop Squad" and "Once Upon a Time...When We Were Colored". She also had a recurring role as Liz Williams on the first season of the sitcom "Night Court". She had an Emmy Award nomination. She was nominated for a second Emmy for her role in "The Women of Brewster Place". Kelly was born in Jacksonville, Florida. She grew up in Harlem, Manhattan, New York. She married British director Don Chaffey in 1985. They had one child together before Chaffey died in 1990. Kelly died on February 8, 2020 at a nursing home in Whittier, California, at the age of 77. The cause of death was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related problems. Andy Bernard Andrew Baines Bernard (born Walter Baines Bernard Jr.; 1973) is a fictional character from the NBC comedy television series "The Office", played by Ed Helms. He is first shown as the Regional Director in Charge of Sales at the Stamford branch of Dunder Mifflin. He becomes Regional Manager at the Scranton branch in the eighth-season. Throughout the show, he is constantly fired and rehired until the near end of the show where he is fired to become a professional singer. Andy was named one of the most annoying TV characters of 2011 by "Vulture"; and "Nerve" ranked him the second funniest character on the series, behind only Michael Scott. Erin Hannon Kelly Erin Hannon (born May 1, 1986) is a fictional character from the U.S. comedy television series "The Office". She is the office receptionist for the Scranton branch of Dunder Mifflin, replacing Pam Beesly. Erin is portrayed by Ellie Kemper. David Wallace (The Office) David Wallace is a fictional character in the American comedy series "The Office", played by Andy Buckley. Wallace is introduced in the second season as the new chief financial officer of Dunder Mifflin. Wallace is named after David Foster Wallace, a favorite author of John Krasinski and executive producer Michael Schur. His character is a wealthy executive at the corporate headquarters in New York. He is seen as supportive of Regional Manager Michael Scott, Jim Halpert and Toby Flenderson. He is let go in the sixth season. He later sells his patent for a toy vacuum, called "Suck It," to the U.S. military for $20 million and later buys Dunder Mifflin and becomes CEO in the eighth-season finale, "Free Family Portrait Studio". Holly Flax Hollis Partridge "Holly" Scott ("née" Flax) is a fictional character from the US television series "The Office", played by Amy Ryan. She was an original character, and not based on a character from the British version of the show. She was a replacement HR Representative for the Scranton branch of Dunder Mifflin when Toby Flenderson left for Costa Rica, and she quickly developed a friendship with and romantic interest for Steve Carell's character Michael Scott. She and Michael have a shared sense of humor and similar personality traits. At the office, Michael proposes to her with the help of their co-workers. After different challenges, she and Michael move to Colorado, marry and start a family together. Toby Flenderson Toby H. Flenderson is a fictional character on the U.S. comedy television series, "The Office". He is played by Paul Lieberstein, who was also the show's writer, director, producer and showrunner. He is the human resources representative at the Scranton branch of the paper distribution company, Dunder Mifflin. Toby is an original character with no inspiration from the original British series. Sydney Tamiia Poitier Sydney Tamiia Poitier (born November 15, 1973) is an American actress. In 2007, she starred in "Death Proof", director Quentin Tarantino's segment of the movie "Grindhouse", as radio DJ Jungle Julia. She also acted in movies such as "Free of Eden" (1998), "True Crime" (1999), "The Devil Cats" (2004), "Nine Lives" (2005) and "The List" (2007). She starred as lead role Abby Walker in the UPN sitcom "Abby" in 2003. In 2018, she began starring as Sam Shaw in the Canadian series "Carter". She has also appeared in episodes of "Joan of Arcadia", "Veronica Mars", "Grey's Anatomy", "Private Practice" and "Hawaii Five-0". Poitier was born in Los Angeles, California. She is the daughter of Bahamian-American actor Sidney Poitier and Canadian actress Joanna Shimkus. Her mother is of Lithuanian Jewish and Irish ancestry. She is married to Dorian Heartsong. Tedros Adhanom Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus (Ge'ez: ቴዎድሮስ አድሓኖም ገብረኢየሱስ; born 3 March 1965) is an Ethiopian politician, academic and public health authority. He has been Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2017. He served in his country's government as Minister of Health from 2005 to 2012 and as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2012 to 2016. Tedros was born in Asmara, Eritrea. He gained his Ph.D. degree in Community Health from the University of Nottingham in 2000. He is married and has five children. Yumi Matsutoya Yumi Matsutoya (松任谷 由実, "Matsutōya Yumi", born January 19, 1954), nicknamed Yuming (ユーミン, "Yūmin"), is a Japanese singer, composer, lyricist and pianist. She is very popular for her voice and live performances. She is an important figure in Japanese popular music. Jon Watts Jon Watts (born June 28, 1981) is an American movie director, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for directing the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero movie ' (2017) and its sequel ' (2019). He also directed and co-wrote "Clown" (2014) and "Cop Car" (2015). He also directed many episodes of the parody television news series "Onion News Network". Watts was born in Fountain, Colorado. He is married to Dianne McGunigle. Robert Erwin Robert Cecil "Bob" Erwin (December 29, 1934 – January 24, 2020) was an American lawyer. He was a Justice of the Supreme Court of Alaska from August 1970 to April 1977. Erwin was appointed to the court by Governor Keith Harvey Miller, and was only the second Democrat to be appointed. He was born in Seward, Alaska. Erwin died in Anchorage, Alaska on January 24, 2020 of heart failure-related problems, aged 85. Frederick Ballantyne Sir Frederick Nathaniel Ballantyne, GCMG (5 July 1936 – 23 January 2020) was the Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines from 2002 to 2019. He was a cardiologist and former chief medical officer. Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines The office of Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was created in 1979 when the islands gained independence as a Commonwealth realm. The Governor-General represents Queen Elizabeth II. Monica Dacon Dame Monica Jessie Dacon, née Sheen (born 4 June 1934) is a Saint Vincent and the Grenadines schoolteacher, educator and politician. She is the widow of parliamentarian St. Clair Dacon. She became acting Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in 2002. Susan Dougan Susan Dilys Dougan, OBE ( Ryan, born 3 March 1955 in Colonarie, Saint Vincent), is the Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines since 1 August 2019. She is the first female Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Jack D. Shanstrom Jack D. Shanstrom (November 30, 1932 – January 13, 2020) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Montana from 1990 to 2001. He was born in Hewitt, Minnesota. He was nominated by President George H. W. Bush. Shanstrom died of Parkinson's disease-related problems in Palm Desert, California on January 13, 2020 at the age of 87. Hewitt, Minnesota Hewitt is a city in Todd County, Minnesota, United States, along the Wing River. The population was 266 at the 2010 census. Long Prairie, Minnesota Long Prairie is a city in Todd County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 3,458 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat. Kenneth O. Morgan Kenneth Owen Morgan, Baron Morgan, (born 16 May 1934) is a Welsh historian and author. He is known for his writings on modern British history and politics and on Welsh history. He is a regular reviewer and broadcaster on radio and television. His works are often used as resource in the Labour Party. John Morris, Baron Morris of Aberavon John Morris, Baron Morris of Aberavon, (born 5 November 1931) is a British politician. He was a moderate Labour Member of Parliament (MP) from 1959 to 2001 and Secretary of State for Wales from 1974 to 1979. Morris was born in Capel Bangor, Aberystwyth, Cardiganshire. He worked in the cabinets of Harold Wilson, James Callaghan and Tony Blair. He also worked in the shadow cabinets of Michael Foot and Neil Kinnock. Robin Bridgeman, 3rd Viscount Bridgeman Robin John Orlando Bridgeman, 3rd Viscount Bridgeman FCA (born 5 December 1930) is a British peer and politician. In 1958, Lord Bridgeman became a Chartered Accountant. From 1988 to 1990, he was Director of Guinness Mahon, and from 1988 to 1994 Director of Nestor-BNA. He has further been Director of The Bridgeman Art Library since 1972. He is one of the ninety elected hereditary peers in the House of Lords, where he sits for the Conservative Party. Lou D'Allesandro Lou D'Allesandro (born July 30, 1938) is an American Democratic politician. He is a member of the New Hampshire Senate, representing the 20th district since 1998. He was a member of the New Hampshire Executive Council from 1975 to 1981 and the New Hampshire House of Representatives from 1996 through 1998. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Margareta Hallin Gunhild Margareta Hallin Ekerot (20 February 1931 – 9 February 2020) was a Swedish opera singer, composer and actress. Hallin was appointed Hovsångerska (Royal Court singer) along with Erik Saedén, in 1966, and was awarded the Jussi Björling Scholarship in 1970. She was elected as member of the Swedish Society of Composers in 1990. In 2006, she received the Gunn Wållgren Award. Hallin was born in Karlskoga, Sweden. Hallin died on 9 February 2020 in Stockholm at the age of 88. Yi Hae-won Princess Yi Haewŏn (24 April 1919 – 8 February 2020) was a descendant of the Joseon dynasty (Empire of Korea). She was the second daughter of Prince Imperial Ui of Korea, the fifth son of Emperor Gojong of Korea. Yi was the eldest of the surviving daughters of Prince Imperial Ui, and one of several descendants, including her brother King Yi Seok and her nephew, Yi Won, who claimed to be the legitimate heir to the throne of the Korean Imperial Household. Yi died on 8 February 2020 at the age of 100. Trump peace plan Peace to Prosperity: A Vision to Improve the Lives of the Palestinian and Israeli People, commonly known as the Trump peace plan, is a proposal by the Trump administration to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Donald Trump formally unveiled the plan in a White House press conference alongside Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on January 28, 2020; Palestinian representatives were not invited. The plan was authored by a team led by Trump's son-in-law, Senior Advisor to the President of the United States Jared Kushner. Both the West Bank settlers' Yesha Council and the Palestinian leadership rejected the plan, arguing it is too biased in favor of Israel. The plan is divided into two parts, an economic portion and a political portion. On June 22, 2019, the Trump administration released the economic portion of the plan, titled "Peace to Prosperity". The political portion was released in late January 2020. Sex Education (TV series) Sex Education is a British comedy-drama web television series. The creator of the series is Laurie Nunn. The series stars Asa Butterfield as a socially awkward teenager and Gillian Anderson as his character's mother, a sex therapist. Co-stars include Ncuti Gatwa, Emma Mackey, Aimee Lou Wood, Connor Swindells, Patricia Allison, Tanya Reynolds, Kedar Williams-Stirling, Mikael Persbrandt and Anne-Marie Duff. The first season was released on 11 January 2019. It became a critical and commercial success for Netflix, with over 40 million viewers having streamed the first series after its release. The second series was released on 17 January 2020 and the third on 17 September 2021. A fourth series was announced on 25 September 2021. Giriraj Kishore (writer) Giriraj Kishore (8 July 1937 – 9 February 2020) was an Indian writer. He was awarded the Padma Shri by President A. P. J. Abdul Kalam IN 2007. He was given the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1992, the Vyas Samman in 2000, and an honorary Ph.D. by Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University in 2002. He was born in Muzzafarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. Kishore worked at different posts as an officer in the government, including as registrar of Kanpur University (Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University) and the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur in a career spanning more than 30 years. He was formerly a member of the Sahitya Akademi working committee, and the Railway Board of GOI. Kishore died on 9 February 2020 in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh at the age of 82. Emma Mackey Emma Margaret Marie Tachard-Mackey (born 4 January 1996) is a French-British actress. Since 2019, she has starred as Maeve Wiley in the Netflix comedy series "Sex Education". Mackey was born in Le Mans. Her father is French and her mother is British. She graduated from the University of Leeds in 2016. She lives in London. Ncuti Gatwa Massaro Ncuti Gatwa (born 15 October 1992) is a Rwandan-born Scottish actor. He currently plays Eric Effiong in the Netflix series "Sex Education" (2019–present), which earned him a BAFTA Scotland Award for Best Actor in Television and three BAFTA Television Award nominations for Best Male Comedy Performance. He has been given a lot of praise for his performance of a gay black teen in "Sex Education". In 2022, Gatwa was announced as the fourteenth incarnation of the Doctor on the BBC television series "Doctor Who", making him the first black and gay actor in this role. Life and Career. Gatwa was born in Nyarugenge, Kigali, Rwanda. He grew up in Scotland, mostly in Edinburgh and Dunfermline. In May 2022, Gatwa was chosen as the fifteenth actor to play the Doctor in the television series Doctor Who. His first appearance as the Doctor is planned for October 2022. P. Parameswaran P. Parameswaran (1927 – 9 February 2020), often referred to as Parameswarji, was a Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) "pracharak" political activist. He was born in Kerala, India. He was Vice‑President of the Jan Sangh. In 2004, he was honored with the Padma Shri. He was organizing secretary of Bharatiya Jana Sangh in 1957. In 1968, he became an All‑India General Secretary and later Vice‑President of the Jan Sangh. He was jailed during the Indian Emergency (1975-1977). Parameswaran died on 9 February 2020 at the age of 91. George Stevens Jr. George Cooper Stevens Jr. (born April 3, 1932) is an American writer, playwright, director and producer. He was born in Los Angeles. He is the founder of the American Film Institute, creator of the AFI Life Achievement Award and instigator/producer of the Kennedy Center Honors. George Stevens George Cooper Stevens (December 18, 1904 – March 8, 1975) was an American movie director, producer, screenwriter and cinematographer. His best known works are "A Place in the Sun" (1951), "Shane" (1953), "Giant" (1956), and "The Diary of Anne Frank" (1959). Jean-Claude Carrière Jean-Claude Carrière (; 17 September 1931 – 8 February 2021) was a French novelist, screenwriter, actor, and an Academy Award honoree. He was president of La Fémis, the French state film school. Carrière was known for his works with Luis Buñuel on the screenplays of Buñuel's late French movies. Carrière died in Paris on 8 February 2021, aged 89. Lynn Stalmaster Lynn Arlen Stalmaster (November 17, 1927 – February 12, 2021) was an American casting director. She was born in Omaha, Nebraska. She studied at the University of California, Los Angeles. Career. Stalmaster got his first job in show business as an actor, appearing in the war movies "The Steel Helmet" (1951) and "The Flying Leathernecks" (1951). Stalmaster is known for casting more than 60 movies of the decade, among them; "Fiddler on the Roof", "Harold and Maude", "The Cowboys", "Deliverance", "Rollerball", "Silver Streak", "Black Sunday", "Coming Home," "Convoy," "The Rose," "Superman" and "Being There". Stalmaster was also responsible for casting TV-shows like "Combat!", "Gunsmoke", "The Untouchables, My Favorite Martian (S01,E01)' as well as Academy Award winning movies "In the Heat of the Night", "The Thomas Crown Affair", "The Right Stuff" and "The Untouchables". In 2016, he received an Academy Honorary Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Death. Stalmaster died in Los Angeles on February 12, 2021 at the age of 93. Luis Buñuel Luis Buñuel Portolés (; 22 February 1900 – 29 July 1983) was a Spanish-Mexican filmmaker. "The New York Times" called him "a revolutionary" who was a "leader of avant-garde surrealism in his youth and a dominant international movie director half a century later". His first movie, "Un Chien Andalou", was called "the most famous short [movie] ever made" by critic Roger Ebert, and his last movie, "That Obscure Object of Desire", won him Best Director awards from the National Board of Review and the National Society of Film Critics. Lucille Eichengreen Lucille Eichengreen ("née" Cecilie Landau; February 1, 1925 – February 7, 2020) was a German survivor of the Łódź Ghetto and the Nazi German concentration camps of Auschwitz, Neuengamme and Bergen-Belsen. She moved to the United States. In 1994, she published "From Ashes to Life: My Memories of the Holocaust". She later taught classes on the Holocaust at libraries, schools and universities in the United States and Germany. She took part in a documentary from the University of Giessen on life in the Łódź Ghetto. Erazim Kohák Erazim Kohák (21 May 1933 – 8 February 2020) was Czech philosopher and writer. He was born in Prague. After communists took over Czechoslovakia in 1948, his family escaped to the United States. He also worked at Gustavus Adolphus College and Boston University (Professor in 1977). After the Velvet revolution in 1989, he returned to Czechoslovakia to become a professor at Charles University in Prague. He died in February 2020 at the age of 86. Sharpe James Sharpe James (born February 20, 1936) is an American Democratic politician. James was born in Jacksonville, Florida. He was State Senator for the 29th Legislative District and was 35th Mayor of Newark, New Jersey. James was the second African American Mayor of Newark. From June 1999 until July 2006, James was Mayor of Newark and New Jersey State Senator at the same time. His final reelection campaign, against then-Councilman Cory Booker in 2002, was documented in the 2005 feature movie "Street Fight". On April 16, 2008, James was convicted of five counts of fraud by a federal jury and was sentenced to 27 months in prison. Thumbscrew (torture) The thumbscrew is a torture instrument which was first used in early modern Europe. It is a simple vice, sometimes with protruding studs on the interior surfaces. Victims' thumbs, fingers, or toes were placed in the vice and slowly crushed. The thumbscrew was also applied to crush prisoners' big toes. 28 Fundamental Beliefs The 28 fundamental beliefs are the core beliefs of Seventh-day Adventist theology. Adventists are opposed to the formulation of creeds, so the 28 fundamental beliefs are considered "descriptors", not "prescriptors"; that is, that they describe the official position of the church but are not criteria for membership. These beliefs were originally known as the 27 fundamental beliefs when adopted by the church's General Conference in 1999 additional belief (number 11) was added in 2005. The "Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary" is a way to say Adventist theological thought. They might be grouped into: God, humanity, salvation, the church, Christian life, and the restoration. The Angry Birds Movie The Angry Birds Movie (also known simply as Angry Birds) is a 2016 computer-animated comedy movie. It is based on Rovio Entertainment's video game series of the same name, produced by Columbia Pictures and Rovio Animation, and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing. It was directed by Clay Kaytis and Fergal Reilly in their directorial debuts, and written by Jon Vitti. Edward Morley Edward Morley (January 29, 1838 – February 24, 1923) was an American physicist. He is known for the Michelson–Morley experiment. He found a more accurate number for the speed of light. He also found how heavy an atom of oxygen is. Sex machine A sex machine is a machine that is used to simulate human sexual intercourse or other sexual activity. Aimee Lou Wood Aimee Lou Wood (born 3 February 1995) is a British actress. She is best known for her role as Aimee Gibbs in the Netflix original comedy-drama series "Sex Education" (2019–present). She also appeared in the films "The Electrical Life of Louis Wain" (2021) and "Living" (2022). Wood was born and raised in Stockport, Greater Manchester. She graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in 2017. Between 2019 and 2020, she was dating "Sex Education" co-star Connor Swindells. Connor Swindells Connor Ryan Swindells (born 19 September 1996) is a British actor and model. He is best known for his role as Adam Groff in the Netflix original comedy-drama series "Sex Education" (2019–present). In 2018, he appeared alongside Gerard Butler and Peter Mullan in the psychological thriller movie "The Vanishing". Swindells was born in Lewes, East Sussex. He is dating "Sex Education" co-star Aimee Lou Wood. Jenna Ortega Jenna Marie Ortega (born September 27, 2002) is an American actress. She is noted for her roles on television as young Jane in "Jane the Virgin", Harley Diaz in "Stuck in the Middle" and Ellie Alves in "You". In 2016, she began voicing Princess Isabel in the Disney Channel animated series "Elena of Avalor". Ortega's movie work includes starring as Annie in "" (2013), Mary Ann in "The Little Rascals Save the Day" (2014) and Dawn in "Saving Flora" (2018). Ortega was born in Coachella Valley, California. She is of Mexican and Puerto Rican ancestry. Chosen people Many people have considered themselves to be the chosen people. Usually, a deity chose them to fulfill a specific role, or purpose. In monotheistic religions, this is used to construct "God's chosen people". One of the common cases was that the Israelites. Sometimes the claim is constructed because even though the people are not related to the Israelites, the ideas are similar. Redemption (theology) Redemption is a key concept in many religions: Very broadly speaking, it means that there will be an event, that will free a single person, a group of people, or all people from evil. It is commonly used in Judaism, Christianity and Gnosticism. In Buddhism, the term enlightenment has a similar meaning. Taika Waititi Taika David Cohen (born 16 August 1975), also known as Taika Waititi , is a New Zealand filmmaker, actor and comedian. He has been awarded with a BAFTA and an Academy Award. He often acts in the movies he writes and directs. Life and career. Waititi was born in Raukokore in the Bay of Plenty, North Island. His father was Māori. His mother is of Russian Jewish and Irish ancestry. He calls himself a "Polynesian Jew." He married Chelsea Winstanley in 2011. The couple have two daughters. Waititi wrote and directed the short movie "Two Cars, One Night" (2004). It was nominated with an Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film. He later moved into acting, directing and writing in feature movies. His movies include "Eagle vs Shark" (2007), "Boy" (2010), "What We Do in the Shadows" (2014) and "Hunt for the Wilderpeople" (2016). In 2017, Waititi directed the superhero movie "". He has also had acting roles in "The Strip", "Freaky", "The Mandalorian" and "Rick and Morty". Waititi wrote, directed, produced and starred as Adolf Hitler in "Jojo Rabbit" (2019). The movie won the Best Adapted Screenplay at the BAFTA Awards as well as the Oscars. "Jojo Rabbit" was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. Chicago (2002 movie) Chicago is a 2002 American musical crime comedy-drama movie based on the stage-musical of the same name. It talks about the themes of celebrity, scandal, and corruption in Chicago during the Jazz Age. The movie stars Renée Zellweger, Catherine Zeta-Jones, and Richard Gere. The movie is the first work of Rob Marshall, who also choreographed the movie. Having strong positive reviews from critics, "Chicago" won six Academy Awards in 2003, including Best Picture, the first musical to win Best Picture since "Oliver!" in 1968. Songs included Mister Cellophane in a short version and the soundtrack has the Longer version Chicago (musical) Chicago is an American musical with music by John Kander, lyrics by Fred Ebb, and book by Ebb and Bob Fosse. It is set in Chicago in the jazz age. The satire play is about corruption in the criminal justice system in Chicago. The original Broadway production opened in 1975 at the 46th Street Theatre and ran for 936 performances, until 1977. The revival is currently running The 1996 Broadway production holds the record as the longest-running musical revival and the longest-running American musical in Broadway history. It is the second longest-running show to ever run on Broadway, behind only "The Phantom of the Opera". The 2002 movie version of the musical won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Katy, Texas Katy is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. The city is in the counties of Harris, Fort Bend, and Waller. Katy had a population of 14,102 at the 2010 census. Simmesport, Louisiana Simmesport is a small town in Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 2,161 at the 2010 census. Lynn Cohen Lynn Cohen (born Lynn Harriette Kay; August 10, 1933 – February 14, 2020) was an American actress. She was best known for playing Magda in the HBO series "Sex and the City" and the 2008 movie of the same name, as well as its 2010 sequel, and Mags in "". Cohen was born in Kansas City, Missouri. Cohen died on February 14, 2020 in New York City, aged 86. Seaside, California Seaside, formerly East Monterey, is a city in Monterey County, California, United States, with a population of 33,025 as of the 2010 census. Norwegian heavy water sabotage The Norwegian heavy water sabotage was a group of Allied missions in World War II. The target of the missions was the 60 megawatt Vemork power station. This power station produced a type of water that is named heavy water. Heavy water is based on a hydrogen isotope called deuterium. The missions were to stop Germany from making heavy water. Germany needed the heavy water to understand and help make an atomic bombs. The attacks started in February 1942 by Norwegian Commandos and Allied bombers. The missions were code named Grouse, Freshman, and Gunnerside. The missions were successful and the Vemork power plant was no longer working by 1943. Missions. Operation Grouse. British Special Operations Executive (or SOE) made plans to put four Norwegian commandos in the area in October 1942. On 19 October 1942, these Norwegian commandos parachuted in. They had to ski a very long way to get to the station. They were supposed to watch the power station to make sure it was safe for other troops to arrive. The mission went well and the commandos began surveillance of the power station from Hardanger Plateau. Operation Freshman. On 19 November 1942, British paratroopers were supposed to meet the Norwegian commandos and attack the power station. The paratroopers were flown in on gliders pulled by large bombers. The gliders and bombers crashed before they got to Vemork. Most of the British paratroopers were killed in the crash. One crew from a bomber survived, but they were all captured by the German army. The German Gestapo then tortured and executed all of the prisoners. Even though the Norwegian commandos were able to hide from the Germans, the mission was a complete failure. Operation Gunnerside. A new mission was started in February 1943. This time, the Norwegian commandos were able to sneak up to the power station and attacked it. The commandos set bombs on the machines that made the heavy water. The commandos left a Thompson submachine gun behind on purpose so the German military would know it wasn't people from the town. The bombs destroyed the machines and stopped the station from making heavy water. No one from the ferry survived and the heavy water was lost. All of the commandos survived. Sinking of the "SF Hydro". After the station was damaged, the German soldiers tried to move the heavy water they had made. The German army moved the remaining heavy water to a dock on Lake Tinn. The heavy water was in drums that were loaded on a railroad car. They loaded the railroad cars on a ferry called the "SF Hydro". Norwegian resistance fighters, led by one of the commandos from Operation Gunnerside, were able to plant bombs on the ferry. After the ferry left the dock, the bombs exploded and the ferry sank into deep water. 18 people died on the ferry, 14 Norwegian people and 4 German soldiers. Early christian councils The early councils of Christian churches often set the theological boundaries of what came to be considered statements of Christian belief. The first council was in Jerusalem in 49AD. The issue which led to the meeting was the result of the work of Paul, leading people to faith in Jesus and planting churches in Asia Minor. Paul wanted the new believers and their churches to be accepted by the original church in Jerusalem and to be known in faith and fellowship as true churches. After discussion, Peter concluded that the churches and their faith should be recognized as being on equal with the believer in Jerusalem. James concluded the same and the church issued a letter affirming the same faith in both sets of churches. The letter is found in the book of Acts 15:23-29. The affirmation was to accept their biblical faith, as reported by Paul and Barnabas, and to ask them to not offend their brothers in Jerusalem. In the history of Christianity in the West (Roman empire) there were seven ecumenical councils include the following: the First Council of Nicaea in 325, the First Council of Constantinople in 381, the Council of Ephesus in 431, the Council of Chalcedon in 451. The near Eastern churches attend the first three councils. The African and far eastern orthodox churches did not attend after Nicaea. Carroll House The Carroll House Hotel on Monroe St. in Fullerton, North Dakota was built in 1889. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. The listing included three contributing buildings which included Shingle Style architecture and Second Empire architecture. The Carroll House was built by Edwin Sweet. Fullerton, North Dakota Fullerton is a city in Dickey County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 54 at the 2010 census. The city is said to be named after Dr. Samuel Fuller. The Ranch House is a local restaurant in the area. History. "…In 1882 Dickey County was a wild, unbroken prairie, with not a foot of land occupied or a sod turned. Now, i don't believe there is a foot of land in the county that is not owned, and most of it by actual settlers." Fullerton was founded in 1888. The Carroll House is a registered national historical site in Fullerton. François André François André (19 July 1967 – 11 February 2020) was a French politician. He was born in Pontivy. He was a member of the Socialist Party. From 2012 until his death in 2020, he served as a member of the National Assembly. He represented the department of Ille-et-Vilaine. On 11 February 2020, André died of lung cancer in Rennes. He was 52. Monango, North Dakota Monango is a city in Dickey County, North Dakota, United States. As of the 2010 census, 36 people lived there. History. Monango was founded in 1886. Geography. Monango is located at (46.172520, -98.593856). According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land. Demographics. 2010 census. As of the 2010 census says that there were 36 people, 14 households, and 7 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 22 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 86.1% White and 13.9% from two or more races. There were 14 households of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, and 50.0% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.00. The median age in the city was 32 years. 30.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.3% were from 25 to 44; 22.3% were from 45 to 64; and 16.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 44.4% male and 55.6% female. 2000 census. As of the 2000 census says that there were 28 people, 14 households, and 7 families living in the city. The population density was 76.7 people per square mile (29.2/km²). There were 18 housing units at an average density of 49.3 per square mile (18.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White. There were 14 households out of which 21.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.7% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.0% were non-families. 50.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 28.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.86. In the city, the population was spread out with 25.0% under the age of 18, 3.6% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 17.9% from 45 to 64, and 28.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.0 males. The median income for a household in the city was $11,250, and the median income for a family was $28,750. Males had a median income of $32,500 versus $30,625 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,652. There were 50.0% of families and 17.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 36.4% of those over 64. Battle of Whitestone Hill The Battle of Whitestone Hill was the culmination of the 1863 operations against the Sioux Indians in Dakota Territory. Brigadier General Alfred Sully attacked a village September 3–5, 1863. The Native Americans in the village included Yanktonai, Santee, and Teton (Lakota) Sioux. Results. Ultimately the battle ended in a decisive US victory. Over 300 natives were killed, these included women and children. 20 US soldiers were killed in the conflict. Dakota territory The Territory of Dakota was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1861, until November 2, 1889, when the final extent of the reduced territory was split and admitted to the Union as the states of North and South Dakota. Battle of Killdeer Mountain The Battle of Killdeer Mountain (also known as the Battle of Tahkahokuty Mountain) took place during Brigadier General Alfred Sully's expedition against the Sioux Indians in Dakota Territory July 28–29, 1864. The location of the battleground is in modern Dunn County, North Dakota. Results. Around 100 Native American warriors were killed in the conflict, whilst only 2 of Alfred Sully's were killed. Battle of the Badlands The Battle of the Badlands was fought in Dakota Territory, in what is now western North Dakota, between the United States army led by Brigadier general Alfred Sully and the Lakota, Yanktonai, and the Dakota Indian tribes. The battle was fought August 7–9, 1864 between what are now Medora and Sentinel Butte, North Dakota. Results. Alfred Sully estimated around 100 Native American warriors were killed in battle, this may have been an exaggeration due to range. Only 3 US soldiers were killed in the battle, along with an additional 10 wounded. Battle of Big Mound The Battle of Big Mound was a United States Army victory in July 1863 over the Santee Sioux Indians allied with some Yankton, Yanktonai and Teton Sioux in Dakota Territory. Results. It is stated in the official report that there was 80 Native American causalities, and only 7 total US causalities (3 killed, 4 wounded). Galia melon The Galia melon, also known as sarda in Southeast Asia, is hybrid melon. It comes from a cross between the green-flesh melon cultivar 'Ha-Ogen' and the netted-rind melon cultivar 'Krimka'. It was developed in Israel at the Ne´ve Yaar Research Center of the Agricultural Research Organisation by Dr. Zvi Karchi. It was released in 1973, and named after Karchi's daughter, whose name means "God's wave" in Hebrew.The Galia melon can look like a cantaloupe the outside and a honeydew inside. Galia melons have the following characteristics: Ripeness is measured by color of the skin, when it starts turning from green to yellow. After cutting, uneaten pieces should be wrapped and refrigerated to keep flavor. They are not difficult to grow. Galias are now grown in Algeria, Brazil, Guatemala, Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Southern US regions, Costa Rica, Panama, Honduras, Greece, Turkey, Israel, and Egypt. Melnick 34 BAT99-116 (commonly called Melnick 34 or Mk34) is a binary Wolf–Rayet star near R136 in the 30 Doradus complex (also known as the Tarantula Nebula) in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Both parts are amongst the most massive and luminous stars known. It has a spectral type of WN5h and the most massive binary system with x-ray luminosity. Battle of Grand Coteau The Battle of Grand Coteau (North Dakota) or the Battle of Grand Coteau du Missouri was a battle that took place between a Métis buffalo hunting party from St. François Xavier, led by Jean Baptiste Falcon and the Cut Head Yanktonai, Dakota, led by Chief Medicine Bear, on July 13 to 14, 1851. The Métis were victorious. Results. Only 1 person and 15 horses were killed by Chief Medicine Bear's men, but they lost a substantially larger number of 15-80 men and 65 horses. Hornussen Hornussen is sport played in Switzerland. Its name comes from the puck which is called a "Hornuss" (hornet) or "Nouss". When hit, the hornuss can whizz through the air at up to 300 km/h (186.4 mph) and creates a buzzing sound. It is a team sport, played between two teams of 16-20 players. Teams take turns to see how far they can hit the hornuss, while the other team attempts to stop it in the air with a type of bat, called a "schindel". Together with Schwingen and Steinstossen, Hornussen is seen as a Swiss national sport. There are only a few teams in other countries. Battle of Stony Lake The Battle of Stony Lake was the third and last engagement of Henry Hastings Sibley's 1863 campaign against the Santee, Yankton, Yanktonai and Teton Sioux in Dakota Territory. Results. 300-400 Native American warriors, women, and children were killed. A mere 40 men perished on the side of the US army. Battle of the Trebia The Battle of the Trebia (or Trebbia) was the first major battle of the Second Punic War, fought between the Carthaginian forces of Hannibal and the Roman Republic in December of 218 BC, on or around the winter solstice. Results. The Carthaginian forces of Hannibal defeated the Roman army under Tiberius Sempronius Longus on the banks of the Trebbia River. A mere 4,000-5,000 Carthaginian soldiers fell during the conflict, a major difference from the Roman's 26-32,000 causalities for the Romans. Oregon Concordia University Oregon Concordia University is a private, non-profit Lutheran university in Portland, Oregon in the United States. It was established in 1905. The university has announced it will close after the 2020 spring semester. It is the third private college to close in the Portland-area since 2018. Remake Remake means to create something once again. It usually means a movie, television series or video game. A remake tells the same story as the original but uses a different group of actors. It may change the theme or target audience. A remake may change some parts of the plot. For example, the 1968 movie "The Thomas Crown Affair" is centered on a bank robbery. The 1999 remake involves the theft of a valuable painting. Bob Cashell Robert Alan Cashell (April 22, 1938 – February 11, 2020) was an American businessman and politician. He was originally a member of the Democratic Party. He was a Republican after 1983. He served as the mayor of Reno, Nevada from 2002 to 2014. He served as the 28th Lieutenant Governor of Nevada from 1983 to 1987. He was on the University of Nevada System Board of Regents from 1979 to 1982. He also served as a board member for Station Casinos from 2011 to 2020. Cashell was born in Longview, Texas. He was married to Nancy Parker from 1964 until his death in 2020. The couple had four children. Cashell died of an illness and heart disease-related problems on February 11, 2020 in Reno. He was 81. Shariff Abdul Samat Shariff Abdul Samat (5 January 1984 – 11 February 2020) was a Singaporean professional footballer. He played as a centre-back. He was the son of Singaporean international footballer, Samad Allapitchay. Career. Shariff played club football for Sembawang Rangers, Home United, Young Lions, Tampines Rovers, Hougang United, Admiralty, Woodlands Wellington and Geylang International. He also played one game for Singapore in 2008. Shariff died of a heart attack on 11 February 2020. He was 36. Shaun Donovan Shaun Lawrence Sarda Donovan (born January 24, 1966) is an American politician. He was the United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from 2009 to 2014 and Director of the Office of Management and Budget from 2014 to 2017. On February 3, 2020 he announced his candidacy for Mayor of New York City. John Sweeney (labor leader) John Joseph Sweeney (May 5, 1934 – February 1, 2021) was an American labor leader. He was president of the AFL-CIO from 1995 to 2009. He was born in New York City. Sweeney died on February 1, 2021 at the age of 86. Gerda Weissmann Klein Gerda Weissmann Klein (born Gerda Weissmann, May 8, 1924 – April 3, 2022) was a Polish-American writer, Holocaust survivor, and human rights activist. She was known for her autobiography "All but My Life" (1957) and it was made into a 1995 short movie, "One Survivor Remembers", which received an Academy Award and an Emmy Award. On February 15, 2011, Klein was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama. Klein died on April 3, 2022, at the age of 97. Polymorphism (materials science) In materials science, polymorphism is the ability of a solid material to exist in more than one form or crystal structure. Polymorphism can be found in any crystalline material including polymers, minerals, and metals. It is related to allotropy, which refers to chemical elements. The complete morphology of a material is described by polymorphism and other variables such as crystal habit, amorphous fraction or crystallographic defects. Polymorphism is important in fields such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, pigments, dyes, foods, and explosives. Polimorphism that exists because of a difference in crystal packing is called packing polymorphism. Polymorphism can also result from the existence of different conformers of the same molecule in conformational polymorphism. In pseudopolymorphism the different crystal types are the result of hydration or solvation. This is more correctly referred to as solvomorphism as different solvates have different chemical formulas. An example of an organic polymorph is glycine, which is able to form monoclinic and hexagonal crystals. Silica is known to form many polymorphs, the most important of which are; α-quartz, β-quartz, tridymite, cristobalite, moganite, coesite, and stishovite. A classical example is the pair of minerals, calcite and aragonite, both forms of calcium carbonate. An analogous phenomenon for amorphous materials is polyamorphism, when a substance can take on several different amorphous modifications. Driver 2 Driver 2: Back on the Streets (named Driver 2: The Wheelman Is Back in North America) is the second installment of the "Driver" video game series. It was developed by Reflections Interactive and published by Infogrames. A port to the Game Boy Advance, titled "Driver 2 Advance", was released in 2002, being developed by Sennari Interactive and was released under Infogrames' Atari range of products. Lalla Fatma N'Soumer Lalla Fatma N'Soumer (born Fatima Sayed Ahmed Oomazian) and also known as Lalla Fatma (c.1830 – c.1863) was an important person in Algeria who fought in a resistance movement when France was invading Algeria. Legacy. The movie "Fatma N'Soumer" (2014) is about her. There are many statues, schools and streets in Algeria named after her and many women like her. Katsuya Nomura was a Japanese baseball player and manager. He played as a catcher in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). From 1954 to 1977, he played for the Nankai Hawks (now the Fukuoka Softbank Hawks). He also played for the Lotte Orions (1978) and the Seibu Lions (1979–80). He was awarded the Pacific League MVP Award five times. As of 2020, he holds the record for second-most home runs and RBIs in NPB history. Nomura was a player-manager for the last eight years he was with the Hawks. He lead them to the Pacific League title in 1973. He later became full-time manager of the Yakult Swallows. He managed the team to four league titles and three Japan Series championships from 1990 to 1998. Later, he managed the Hanshin Tigers (1999–2001) and the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles (2006–2009). As a manager, Nomura has 1,565 wins. This is the fifth-most wins of any manager in NPB history. He was added to the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989. Nomura was born in Kyōtango, Kyoto. His first wife, Masako, died of cancer. He was later married to Sachiyo until her death in 2017. The couple's son was NPB player Katsunori Nomura. On 11 February 2020, Nomura died of a heart attack in Setagaya, Tokyo. He was 84. Benon Biraaro Benon Biraaro (1 March 1958 – 12 February 2020) was a Ugandan military officer. He was a high-ranking commander in the Uganda People's Defence Force (UPDF). He served as the commandant of the Uganda Senior Command and Staff College in Kimaka, Jinja. In 2016, he ran for president of Uganda on behalf of the Farmers' Party. Biraaro was born in Isingiro District. He attended Makerere University, in Kampala, and Cranfield University in the United Kingdom. On 12 February 2020, Biraaro died of colon cancer in Kampala. He was 61. Ann E. Todd Ann Phillips Basart (born Ann Todd Phillips; August 26, 1931 – February 7, 2020), better known by her stage name Ann E. Todd, was an American child actress. She was a noted music librarian later in life. She acted between 1939 and 1953. She appeared in movies such as "Zaza" (1939), "Homesteaders of Paradise Valley" (1947), "Arthur Takes Over" (1948) and "Cover Up" (1949). She also made appearances in "The Stu Erwin Show" between 1950 and 1953. Todd was born in Denver, Colorado. Her father was composer Burrill Phillips. She was married to Robert Basart from 1951 until his death in 1993. Todd had dementia for the final seven years of her life. She died on February 7, 2020, at the age of 88. Clarence "Jeep" Jones Clarence “Jeep” Jones (April 17, 1933 – February 1, 2020) was an American community activist. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Jones was the first African-American Deputy Mayor of the city of Boston. He had a 32-year career with the Boston Redevelopment Authority. He was the Chairman of that board for 24 years. Jones died on February 1, 2020 in Boston at the age of 86. Christie Blatchford Christie Blatchford (May 20, 1951 – February 12, 2020) was a Canadian newspaper columnist, journalist and broadcaster. Notable publications she wrote for include "Toronto Sun", "National Post" and "The Globe and Mail". She also published four non-fiction books. She was born in Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec. Blatchford died of lung cancer in Toronto, Ontario on February 12, 2020. She was 68. Philip Leder Philip Leder (November 19, 1934 – February 2, 2020) was an American geneticist. He was born in Washington, D.C.. He was known for his works towards genetic code and the Nirenberg and Leder experiment. His many prizes include the Lasker Award (1987), the National Medal of Science (1991), the Harvey Prize, and the Heineken Prize awarded by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Institute of Medicine. Leder died on February 2, 2020 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania of Parkinson's disease-related problems at the age of 85. Ron McLarty Ronald William McLarty (April 14, 1947 – February 8, 2020) was an American actor, playwright, and novelist. He also worked as an audiobook narrator. He recorded over 100 titles and received many Audie Awards. McLarty appeared in many television series such as "Courage the Cowardly Dog" and ". He also wrote dozens of plays and 10 novels. He was known for writing "The Memory of Running" (2004). McLarty was born in East Providence, Rhode Island. He studied at Rhode Island College. McLarty died on February 8, 2020 in New York City of dementia-related problems, aged 72. East Providence, Rhode Island East Providence is a city in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 47,037 at the 2010 census, making it the fifth-largest city in the state. Efigenio Ameijeiras Efigenio Ameijeiras Delgado (September 21, 1931 – February 10, 2020) was a Cuban military commander. He worked with Fidel Castro in the military during the 1950s. He was one of the band of Castro's active guerrillas that became known as the 26th of July Movement, named after the raid on Moncada Barracks on 26 July 1953. During the Bay of Pigs Invasion, on 19 April 1961, he commanded a battalion of about 200 police and militia moving south towards Giron, that was attacked by Brigade B-26s. Ameijeiras died of sepsis on February 10, 2020 at the age of 88. Lyle Mays Lyle David Mays (November 27, 1953 – February 10, 2020) was an American jazz pianist and composer. He was best known as a member of the Pat Metheny Group. Metheny and Mays composed and arranged nearly all of the group's music, for which Mays won eleven Grammy Awards. He was born in Wausaukee, Wisconsin. On February 10, 2020, Mays died after a long-illness in Los Angeles, aged 66. Wausaukee, Wisconsin Wausaukee is a village in Marinette County, Wisconsin, in the United States. The population was 575 at the 2010 census. Marinette County, Wisconsin Marinette County is a county in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2010 census, the population was 41,749. Its county seat is Marinette. Jacques Mehler Jacques Mehler (1936 – 11 February 2020) was a Spanish-born French-American influential cognitive psychologist. His works focused in language acquisition. He was born in Barcelona. Mehler is Emeritus at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales. He worked at the International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) in Trieste. He was editor in chief of the journal "Cognition" until 2007. In 2001, Mehler was elected a foreign honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and in 2003, he was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Claire Bretécher Claire Bretécher (; 17 April 1940 – 10 February 2020) was a French cartoonist. He was known for her works which focused on women and gender issues. Her creations included "Les Frustrés", and the unimpressed teenager "Agrippine". He was born in Nantes, France. She co-founded "L'Echo des savanes". Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, she published successful collections, such as "The Destiny of Monique" (1982). In 2001, Bretécher's series "Agrippine" was made into a 26-episode TV series by Canal+. Bretécher died on 10 February 2020 at the age of 79. Dmitri Borgmann Dmitri Borgmann (1927 - 1985) was the man who created the sentence "Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo". He published the sentence in his book "Beyond Language". The sentence was later used by William J. Rapaport who was a professor in the University at Buffalo in Buffalo, New York. The sentence has had a recent resurgence on the internet. Borgmann has a Jewish background and was born in Berlin. He fled with his parents to the United States in the 1930s. Apatheism Apatheism (; a portmanteau of "apathy" and "theism") is the attitude of apathy towards the existence or non-existence of God(s). It is more of an attitude rather than a belief, claim, or belief system. An apatheist is someone who is not interested in accepting or rejecting any claims that gods exist or do not exist. The existence of God(s) is not rejected, but may be designated irrelevant. Scientist and philosopher Ian von Hegner has argued that apatheism is an alternative to positions such as theism, atheism, and agnosticism, with implications that have been overlooked in modern philosophical discussions. Philosopher Trevor Hedberg has called apatheism "uncharted territory in the philosophy of religion." Theological noncognitivism Theological noncognitivism is the position that religious language – specifically, words such as "God" – and "Allah" – are not coherently defined. It is sometimes considered synonymous with ignosticism and igtheism. One argument holds to the claim that definitions of "God" and "Allah" are irreducible, self-instituting relational, circular. For example, a sentence stating that "God is He who created everything, apart from Himself", is seen as circular rather than an irreducible truth. George Coyne George V. Coyne, S.J. (January 19, 1933 – February 11, 2020) was an American Jesuit priest and astronomer. He was Director of the Vatican Observatory from 1978 to 2006 and head of the observatory's research group which is based at the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona. He was McDevitt Chair of Religious Philosophy at Le Moyne College in Syracuse, New York from 2012 until his death. Coyne was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He died on February 11, 2020 at a hospital in Syracuse of bladder cancer at the age of 87. Wendell Rodricks Wendell Rodricks (28 May 1960 – 12 February 2020) was an Indian fashion designer and author. He was born in Goa, India. He was also an activist for social causes, the environment, and gay rights. Rodricks was known for his eco-friendly fashion. Rodricks began his career in fashion by designing for Garden Vareli, Lakmé Cosmetics and DeBeers. He launched his own label in 1989. He made cameo appearances in the 2003 movie "Boom" and in the television play "True West" in 2002. He also played himself in the 2008 movie "Fashion". In 2014, the Government of India awarded him its fourth-highest civilian award, the Padma Shri. Rodricks died on 12 February 2020 at his home in Goa of cardiac arrest, aged 59. Constance Baker Motley Constance Baker Motley (September 14, 1921 – September 28, 2005) was a civil rights activist. She was also the first African-American woman to be appointed to the Federal judiciary of the United States, where she served as United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Bjelovar-Bilogora County Bjelovar-Bilogora County (; ) is a county in central Croatia. The town of Bjelovar was first mentioned in historical records in 1413. It became important when a fort was built in 1756 to defend against the Ottoman Empire, who often invaded Croatia. A hill, Bilogora, is along the northern edge of the county. Thus the name comes from the two important features in the county, Bjelovar and Bilogora. Other towns in the county are Daruvar, Garešnica, Čazma and Grubišno Polje. The Bjelovar-Bilogora County borders on Koprivnica-Križevci County in the north, Virovitica-Podravina County in the northeast, Požega-Slavonia County in the southeast, Sisak-Moslavina County in the southwest and Zagreb County in the west. Administrative division. Bjelovar-Bilogora County is divided into 5 towns and 18 municipalities. Demographics. As of the 2011 census, the county had 119,764 people in it. The population density is 45 people per km2. Most people are ethnic Croats. They are 84.8% of the population. Serbs are 6.3%, and Czechs are 5.2%. F(x) f(x) may refer to: NGC 3603-B NGC 3603-B (HD 97950B) is a Wolf-Rayet star located at the centre of the HD 97950 cluster in the NGC 3603 star-forming region. It is about 20,000 light years from Earth. It has the spectral type of WN6h and is among the most luminous and massive stars known. WN6 indicates that there are ionized nitrogen lines that are strong in comparison to the ionized carbon lines. NGC 3603 is 132 times the mass of the Sun. It has a luminousity of 2,900,000. Although the star is very young, 1.5 million years old, it has lost a considerable fraction of it's initial masses. Second Sudanese Civil War The Second Sudanese Civil War was a conflict from 1983 to 2005 between the central Sudanese government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army. It was largely a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil War of 1955 to 1972. Although it started in southern Sudan, the civil war spread to the Nuba mountains and the Blue Nile. It lasted for 22 years and is one of the longest civil wars on record. The war resulted in the independence of South Sudan six years after the war ended. Roughly two million people died as a result of war. The conflict also caused famine and disease. Four million people in southern Sudan were displaced at least once during the war. The civilian death toll is one of the highest of any war since World War II and was marked by numerous human rights violations. These include slavery and mass killings. Flappy Bird Flappy Bird is a mobile game developed by Vietnamese video game artist and programmer Dong Nguyen (), under his game development company dotGears. The point of the game is for the titular bird to fly between columns of green pipes with the player controlling the bird making it fly higher. The game also generated some criticism because of the similarities it had with popular videogame franchise "Mario", the one by which Flappy Bird was accused of plagiarism and lack of originality. "Flappy Bird" was released on May 24, 2013. Mehriban Aliyeva Mehriban Arif qizi Aliyeva (née Pashaeva, ; born 26 August 1964) is an Azerbaijani physician, ophthalmologist and politician. She is the First Vice President since 2017 and First Lady of Azerbaijan since 2003. She is also the head of Heydar Aliyev Foundation, the chairperson of Azerbaijani Culture Friends Foundation, the President of Azerbaijani Gymnastics Federation, and the goodwill ambassador of UNESCO and ISESCO. In 1983, she married Ilham Aliyev. They have three children. Nikitas Venizelos Nikitas Venizelos (; July 1930 – 12 February 2020) was a Greek shipping businessman and politician. He ran the Venezelos SA shipping company. He was a member of the Hellenic Parliament from 1974 to 1981 and again from 1993 to 1996. He was Deputy Speaker from 1993 to 1996. He was born in Athens. Venizelos died on 12 February 2020 in Athens at the age of 89. Des Britten Sir Desmond John Britten (1939 – 13 February 2020) was a New Zealand restaurateur, radio broadcaster, television chef, cookbook writer and Anglican priest. He was Wellington City Missioner for 17 years, and was knighted in 2012. He was born Otane in Hawke's Bay. Britten was ordained an Anglican priest in 1983 and became the vicar of St Barnabas Roseneath, in Wellington. He presented two cooking shows on New Zealand television in the 1970s — "Thyme for Cookery" and "Bon Appetit" — and ran "The Coachman"' restaurant in Wellington for 28 years. Britten died on 13 February 2020 in Wellington of cancer at the age of 80. Jimmy Thunder Ti'a James Senio Peau (3 February 1966 – 13 February 2020) known professionally as Jimmy Thunder, was a New Zealand professional boxer. He represented New Zealand, but also held the Australian heavyweight title twice, as well as the IBO and WBF heavyweight titles. He holds the world record for the fastest knockout (1½ seconds) in the history of boxing. Peau died in his sleep in Auckland on 13 February 2020, following brain surgery, aged 54. Sharlto Copley Sharlto Copley (born 27 November 1973) is a South African actor. He has played Wikus van der Merwe in the Oscar-nominated science fiction movie "District 9", Howling Mad Murdock in the 2010 adaptation of "The A-Team", Agent C.M. Kruger in the science fiction movie "Elysium", James Corrigan in the science fiction horror movie "Europa Report" and King Stefan in the dark fantasy adventure movie "Maleficent". He also played the title character in the science fiction movie "Chappie", as Jimmy in "Hardcore Henry", and starred in two seasons as Christian Walker of the TV series "Powers". Sharlto is married to fellow South African actress and fashion model Tanit Phoenix. Tanit Phoenix Tanit Phoenix (born 24 September 1980) is a South African fashion model, actress and makeup artist. She is known for her swimwear and lingerie photo shoots after appearing in a "Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue" in 2003 and in "GQ" magazine and "FHM" in the same year. She was born in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. In 2016, she married actor Sharlto Copley. They have one child. Knowledge Graph The Knowledge Graph (also known as Knowledge Panel) is a feature in the Google search engine. It gets information from several sources, like the CIA World Factbook, Wikidata, and Wikipedia. It is used to show important information and pictures about a person, group, or subject. The Knowledge Graph was added to Google in 2012. After that, lots of Knowledge Graphs were created. Google says that Knowledge Graphs answer about one third of all Google searches. Some people do not like the Knowledge Graph because it does not cite any sources. Information from the Knowledge Graph is used to answer spoken questions in Google Assistant and Google Home voice queries. Helen Craig (actress) Helen Craig (May 13, 1912 – July 20, 1986) was an American actress. Her Broadway credits include "Russet Mantle" (1936), "Soliloquy" (1938), "The Unconquered" (1940), "Johnny Belinda" (1940), "As You Like It" (1941), "Lute Song" (1946), "Land's End" (1946), "The House of Bernarda Alba" (1951), "Diamond Orchid" (1965) and "More Stately Mansions" (1967). Craig also appeared on screen. She acted in TV shows such as "The Waltons", "Kojak" and "The Bionic Woman". Her movie work includes "The Snake Pit" (1948), "They Live by Night" (1948), "The Sporting Club" (1971), "Rancho Deluxe" (1975), "The Legend of Lizzie Borden" (1975) and "Heroes" (1977). Craig was born in San Antonio, Texas. She married actor John Beal in 1934. The couple had two daughters. On July 20, 1986, Craig died of cardiac arrest in Manhattan, New York. She was 74. Ismail Bilen Ismail Bilen (born in 25, October 1961 in Mosh in Turkey) is a Turkish lawyer, politician and member of the Turkish Parliament Biography. He graduated from the Faculty of Law of the University of Istanbul. also worked as an independent lawyer and was a deputy from Manisa Ismail is married and has three children Erkan Kandemir Erkan Kandemir (born 2 September 1981 in Istanbul, Turkey) is a Turkish politician and architect and a member of the Justice and Development Party in Turkey. Erkan is from Rize, Turkey originally and he graduated from the Department of Civil Engineering at Sakarya University, He got a Master's degree from Kingston University in England and in October 2014 he was appointed as Deputy Minister of Health of the Republic of Turkey. Shamrock Shake The Shamrock Shake is a green mint flavored milkshake. It is sold at McDonald's. It was first released in 1970. It has 460 calories. Fahrettin Koca Fahrettin Koca (was born in 1965 in Konya, Turkey) is a Turkish doctor and politician. He became the Health Minister of Turkey in 2018. Koca is a member of the Justice and Development Party. He was appointed as the new Minister of Health From by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Biography. Koca completed his primary and secondary education in Konya. His high school education was at Bursa Male High School. He earned his medical degree in 1988 after graduating from Istanbul University Medical School. Koca completed his specialization training at Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical School in the field of Pediatrics. He became a pediatrician in 1995. Koca worked as a medical doctor and medical director at many health facilities. He carried out important progress with the health policies of Turkey at the health institutions that he founded and directed. Koca is a member of Turkish Pediatrics Institution, Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition Association, Istanbul Chamber of Commerce Health Profession Committee and Association of Private Hospitals and Health Institutions. He is married and has four children. Ministry of Health (Turkey) Ministry of Health (Turkish: "Sağlık Bakanlığı") is a government ministry office of the Republic of Turkey, responsible for health affairs in Turkey. The current minister is Fahrettin Koca, serving since 10 July 2018. Rich, Mississippi Rich is an unincorporated community in Coahoma County, Mississippi, United States. Jackson, Tennessee Jackson is a city in and the county seat of Madison County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 65,211. Madison County, Tennessee Madison County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the county had a population of 98,294. The county seat is Jackson. Tiptonville, Tennessee Tiptonville is a town in and the county seat of Lake County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 4,464. Lake County, Tennessee Lake County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the county had a population of 7,832. The county seat is Tiptonville. Steve Fossett James Stephen Fossett (April 22, 1944 – September 3, 2007) was an American businessman and a record-setting aviator, sailor and adventurer. In 2002, he became the first balloonist to circumnavigate the world alone. In 2005, he completed the first nonstop global flight in an airplane by himself. He was also known for his friendship with billionaire Richard Branson. Branson's Virgin Group sponsored some of Fossett's adventures. Fossett was born in Jackson, Tennessee. He grew up in Garden Grove, California. He attended Washington University in St. Louis and Stanford University. In 1968, Fossett married Peggy Fossett ("née" Viehland), originally from Richmond Heights, Missouri. The couple had homes in Beaver Creek, Colorado, Chicago, Illinois and Carmel, California. On September 3, 2007, Fossett went missing while flying a light aircraft over the Great Basin Desert. A year later, in September 2008, a hiker found some of Fossett's belongings in the Sierra Nevada mountain range, California. This lead to the discovery of his aircraft and some of his remains. Anna Friel Anna Louise Friel (born 12 July 1976) is an English actress. She began professionally acting at the age of 13. She first became notable for playing Beth Jordache in the soap opera "Brookside" (1993–95). Outside the UK, she became known for her role as Charlotte "Chuck" Charles in the ABC series "Pushing Daisies" (2007–09). Friel's movie credits include "The Land Girls" (1998), "A Midsummer Night's Dream" (1999), "Rogue Trader" (1999), "Sunset Strip" (2000), "Me Without You" (2001), "Timeline" (2003), "Goal!" (2005), "Bathory" (2008), "Land of the Lost" (2009), "London Boulevard" (2010), "You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger" (2010), "Limitless" (2011), "The Look of Love" (2013), "The Cleanse" (2016) and "I.T." (2016). Friel has also starred in many British and American television shows, such as "The Jury" (2004), "Odyssey" (2015), "The Girlfriend Experience" (2017) and "Marcella" (2016–present). Her stage work includes Patrick Marber's "Closer" (Broadway, 1999), and West End productions of "Breakfast at Tiffany's" (2009) and "Uncle Vanya" (2012). Friel was born in Rochdale, Greater Manchester. She has dated actors David Thewlis and Rhys Ifans. She has a daughter, Gracie (born 2005), with Thewlis. Middlesex County, Jamaica Middlesex County is a historic county of Jamaica. It contains the parishes of Clarendon, Manchester, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine and Saint Mary. Surrey County, Jamaica Surrey County is a historic county of Jamaica. It contains the parishes of Kingston, Portland, Saint Andrew and Saint Thomas. Cornwall County, Jamaica Cornwall County is a historic county of Jamaica. It contains the parishes of Hanover, Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Trelawny and Westmoreland. Cliftonhill Cliftonhill Stadium is a small football stadium located in Coatbridge, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. Since 1919, it has been the home of Albion Rovers F.C.. Wantagh Wantagh is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) on Long Island, New York. In 2010, there were 18,871 people living there. Wantagh is known as "The Gateway to Jones Beach." The neighboring towns of Wantagh are Levittown, Seaford, Merrick, and Bellmore. Hakan Cakil Hakan Cakil (born 23 September 1964 in Ankara, Turkey ) He is a Turkish politician, former ambassador at the Turkish Embassy in Lebanon. Biography. He worked in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1990, assumed various duties. Cakil held the position of Senior Adviser for Cyprus Affairs between 2011 and 2015, and served as the Ambassador of Turkey to Nigeria between 2015 and 2018, and become Ambassador to Beirut on July 4, 2018. Also, he speaks English. Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE) The Siege of Jerusalem in the year 70 CE was the decisive event of the First Jewish–Roman War, in which the Roman army captured the city of Jerusalem and destroyed both the city and its Temple. Results. It is said that 1.1 million non-combatants died in the siege. 60,000 Jews were taken captive, and forced into slavery. Transfinite number In mathematics, transfinite numbers are numbers that are "infinite" in the sense that they are larger than all finite numbers, but not necessarily absolutely infinite. These numbers can be categorized into two types: transfinite cardinals and transfinite ordinals. Transfinite cardinals are infinite numbers used to quantify the different sizes of infinity—of which there are many kinds. For example, the number formula_1 (aleph null) is used to refer to the size of the set of natural numbers (or other sets having the same size as the natural numbers). Other such numbers include formula_2 (aleph one) and formula_3. These are called aleph numbers. Under continuum hypothesis, the number formula_2 is the same as the size of the set of real numbers. This number is sometimes referred to as formula_5 (or the cardinality of the continuum). Aside from transfinite cardinals, transfinite ordinals also exist. These are numbers used to describe the ordering of sets. For example, the ordinal number formula_6 is the set of all finite ordinals. It is also the first transfinite ordinal. Battle of Mutina The Battle of Mutina took place on 21 April 43 BC between the forces loyal to the Senate under Consuls Gaius Vibius Pansa and Aulus Hirtius, supported by the legions of Caesar Octavian, and the Caesarian legions of Mark Antony which were besieging the troops of Decimus Brutus. Results. Tactical senatorial victory, strategic Antonian victory (Antony prevents encirclement of his forces, the enemy consul was killed), Octavian and the Republic sign a treaty with Antony. Martin Garrix Martijn Garritsen (born 14 May 1996), commonly known by his stage name Martin Garrix, is a Dutch DJ, musician, and producer. He is best known for the track "Animals" which went straight to the UK Singles Chart in 2013. His single "Wizard", produced with Jay Hardway, was released on 2 December 2013. Garrix is ranked No. 1 on the Top 100 DJ MAG in 2018 and No. 2 in 2019. Kepler-62f Kepler-62f (also known by its Kepler Object of Interest designation "KOI-701.04 and as Lekan's planet") is a super-Earth exoplanet orbiting within the habitable zone of the star Kepler-62, the outermost of five such planets discovered around the star by NASA's "Kepler" spacecraft. It is about 990 light-years (300 parsecs) from Earth in the constellation of Lyra. Bilal Erdogan Necmettin Bilal Erdoğan (born 23 April 1981) is a Turkish businessman, the third child of , the . Early life. Necmettin Bilal was born on 23 April 1981, the second child of and . He has three siblings: , Sümeyye Erdoğan and Esra Erdoğan. After finishing secondary school at Kartal Anadolu İmam Hatip Lisesi in 1999, Erdoğan moved to the United States, and graduated from with a bachelor's degree in political science and economics. He then earned a master's degree from the at in 2004. Career. After graduation, he served at the World Bank as an intern for a while. He returned to Turkey in 2006 and started his business life. Erdoğan is one of the three equal shareholders of , a marine transportation corporation. He is also on the governing board of "Türkiye Gençlik ve Eğitime Hizmet Vakfı" (), an education and youth foundation. Personal life. Erdoğan married Reyvan Uzuner in 2003. The couple have two sons Ömer Tayyip and Ali Tahir. In October 2015, "" reported that Erdoğan and his family had moved to , Italy, after his father's lost its parliamentary majority in June. It is stated that he will finish his PhD at there, but that all he has to do is complete his thesis, which does not require his permanent presence in Bologna, but does enable him to obtain a two-year residence permit. In February 2016 the prosecuting attorney of Bologna started a lawsuit for against him. Corruption scandal. Erdoğan came under accusations of corruption during the that extended to other top members of TÜRGEV, for which he gave testimony. Haakon VII Haakon VII was the King of Norway from 1905 until his death in 1957. Originally a Danish prince, he was born in Copenhagen as the son of the future Frederick VIII of Denmark and Louise of Sweden. Prince Carl was educated at the Royal Danish Naval Academy and served in the Royal Danish Navy. The World Wars. Haakon VII reigned during two world wars. His refusal to submit when a German-pressured Storting body asked him to abdicate inspired the Norwegians to resist the German occupation during World War II. Haakon VII returned from exile in England to Norway in June 1945. Death. Haakon VII died on September 21, 1957 in the Royal Palace in Oslo. Cromwellian conquest of Ireland During the wars of the kingdoms, forces of the English parliament conquered Ireland, between 1649 and 1653. These forces were led by Oliver Cromwell. The event is known as Cromwellian conquest of Ireland or Cromwellian war in Ireland. Cromwell invaded Ireland with his New Model Army on behalf of England's Rump Parliament in August 1649. After the Irish Rebellion of 1641, most of Ireland came under the control of the Irish Catholic Confederation. In early 1649, the Confederates allied with the English Royalists, who had been defeated by the Parliamentarians in the English Civil War. By May 1652, Cromwell's Parliamentarian army had defeated the Confederate and Royalist coalition in Ireland and occupied the country, ending the Irish Confederate Wars (or Eleven Years' War). However, guerrilla warfare continued for a further year. Cromwell passed a series of Penal Laws against Roman Catholics (the vast majority of the population) and confiscated large amounts of their land. The Parliamentarian conquest was brutal, and Cromwell is still a hated figure in Ireland. The extent to which Cromwell, who was in direct command for the first year of the campaign, was responsible for the atrocities is debated to this day. Some historians argue that the actions of Cromwell were within the then-accepted rules of war, or were exaggerated or distorted by later propagandists; these claims have been challenged by others. The impact of the war on the Irish population was unquestionably severe, although there is no consensus as to the magnitude of the loss of life. The war resulted in famine, which was worsened by an outbreak of bubonic plague. Estimates of the drop in the Irish population resulting from the Parliamentarian campaign range from 15 to 41 percent. The Parliamentarians also transported about 50,000 people as indentured labourers. Some estimates cover population losses over the course of the Conquest Period (1649–52) only, while others cover the period of the Conquest to 1653 and the period of the Cromwellian Settlement from August 1652 to 1659 together. Ahmed Mansour Ahmed Mansour (born July 16, 1962) is an Egyptian journalist, television presenter, television host, and interviewer on Al Jazeera since 1997, and writer. He is one of Al Jazeera's prominent journalists. He presents "Bela Hodod" (بلا حدود, Arabic for "without borders"), an Arab live television talk show from Cairo since 1999, which airs on Al Jazeera Channel weekly. He also presents the program "Shahed Ala Al-Asr". In 2009, he published the book "Inside Fallujah: the Unembedded Story". Bioghraphy. He was born in the city of Samanoud, in Egypt, and graduated from the Mansoura University, with a bachelor's degree in arts. His career started as a war correspondent. He covered the war in Afghanistan between 1987 and 1990, the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1994 and the war in Iraq in 2004. He now leads two talk shows which are broadcast on Al-Jazeera TV: in addition to "Without Frontiers", he also presents the program "Witness on the Age". Both programs are widely viewed in the Arab World. Apart from his skills as interviewer in the programs he conducts, Ahmed Mansour has become famous because of his outspoken political views. Mansour has openly criticized the current al-Sisi government. He has also criticised the Muslim Brotherhood. Mansour was criticized on social media after he interviewed the leader of al-Nusra Front, and a Syrian pilot captive held by the al-Nusra Front. In August 2014, Cairo's criminal court accused Mansour of torturing a lawyer in Tahrir Square in 2011; Mansour denied the charges, and "Al Jazeera" said the accusations were false. Mansour was convicted "in absentia" in October and sentenced to 15 years imprisonment. "Al Jazeera" called the ruling unjust, and an effort to silence journalists. Interpol refused to issue a warrant. On 20 June 2015, Mansour was arrested at Berlin Tegel Airport and held by German police at the request of the Egyptian government, provoking demonstrations in Germany until his release. Reporters Without Borders called Mansour's detention "Egypt's terrible revenge against journalists that cross the regime," and stated that Berlin was threatening to put itself "at the service of a dictatorial regime." Mansour was released on 22 June. According to Hans-Eduard Busemann of "Reuters", "Mansour's case has put Germany in an awkward position as it tries to balance business interests and human rights." Books. Mansour has written more than 20 books in Arabic, such as: Kingdom of Breifne The Kingdom of Breifne or Bréifne was a medieval overkingdom in Gaelic Ireland. It comprised what is now County Leitrim, County Cavan and parts of neighbouring counties, and corresponds roughly to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kilmore. Gaelic Ireland Gaelic Ireland was the Gaelic political and social order, and associated culture, that existed in Ireland from the prehistoric era until the early 17th century. Before the Norman invasion of 1169, Gaelic Ireland comprised the whole island. The Chordettes The Chordettes were an American female popular singing quartet, usually singing a cappella. Their songs were mainly traditional popular music. They are best known for their hit songs "Mr. Sandman" and "Lollipop". Geert Hofstede Gerard Hendrik (Geert) Hofstede (2 October 1928 – 12 February 2020) was a Dutch social psychologist, IBM employee, and Professor Emeritus of Organizational Anthropology and International Management at Maastricht University in the Netherlands. He was well known for his pioneering research on cross-cultural groups and organizations. He was born in Haarlem, Netherlands. His most notable work was in developing cultural dimensions theory. He was known for his books "Culture's Consequences" and "Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind", co-authored with his son Gert Jan Hofstede. Rajendra K. Pachauri Rajendra Kumar Pachauri (20 August 1940 ― 13 February 2020) was an Indian economist and engineer. He was the chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and was replaced by Hoesung Lee. He held the post from 2002 until his resignation in February 2015. The IPCC was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize during his tenure. In February 2015, Pachauri was accused and investigated for sexual harassment. Pachauri died on 13 February 2020 at a hospital in New Delhi from heart surgery-related problems, aged 79. Hayati Yazici Hayati Yazıcı (born May 23, 1952 in , ) is a Turkish lawyer and politician. He served as Turkey's . Biography. Hayati Yazıcı graduated in 1975 from the School of Law at . Starting of 1976, he served as a judge in the Istanbul Court of justice. In 1984, he quit his post to begin a career as freelance lawyer registered with Istanbul Bar. A co-founder of the , he is 's lawyer and vice-chairman of the Party. Hayati Yazıcı entered the parliament in 2002 as deputy of , and was later appointed , responsible for the coordination between the government and the parliament. Hayati Yazıcı is married and father of two children. Mehmet Özhaseki Mehmet Özhaseki, (born 25 May 1957, Kayseri, Turkey) is a Turkish politician of the Justice and Development Party (AK Party) and former Minister of Environment and Urban Planning. He is a former Mayor of Kayseri. Early life and education. Mehmet Özhaseki was born in Kayseri on 25 May 1957. Özhaseki began his education in Kayseri and went on to study electronic engineering at Hacettepe University. He completed his education at the Istanbul University Faculty of Law. Political career. Mayor of Kayseri. He was elected to the Melikgazi Municipality in the March 1994 elections. In the 2004 elections he was elected Mayor of Kayseri with 72% of the vote. According to Christopher Caldwell, he attributes his success to "good government". He stood again in the March 2009 election and was re-elected as Mayor of Kayseri. Minister of Environment and Urban Planning. Özhaseki was elected as a Justice and Development Party (AKP) Member of Parliament for Ankara's Kayseri in the June 2015 general election. He was re-elected in November 2015. He was appointed as the Minister of Environment and Urban Planning in the 65th government of Turkey by Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım on 24 November 2015. Rudolf Anderson Rudolf Anderson Jr. (September 15, 1927 – October 27, 1962), was a pilot and commissioned officer in the United States Air Force. Rudolf Anderson Jr. was the only person killed by enemy fire during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Anderson died when his U-2 spy aircraft was shot down over Cuba. On October 27, Anderson took off in a U-2F (AF Serial Number "56-6676", former CIA Article 343) from a forward operating location at McCoy Air Force Base in Orlando, Florida. A few hours into his mission, he was shot down by a Soviet-supplied S-75 Dvina (NATO designation SA-2 Guideline) surface-to-air missile near Banes, Cuba. "The loss of the U-2 over Banes was probably caused by intercept by an SA-2 from the Banes site, or pilot hypoxia, with the former appearing more likely on the basis of present information," stated a CIA document dated 0200 hrs, October 28, 1962. Anderson was killed when shrapnel from the exploding proximity warhead punctured his pressure suit, causing it to decompress at high altitude. Tamás Wichmann Tamás Wichmann (4 February 1948 – 12 February 2020) was a Hungarian sprint canoeist. He competed from 1966 to 1983. Wichmann competed in four Summer Olympics, he won three medals. This included two silver (C-1 1000 m: 1972, C-2 1000 m: 1968) and one bronze (C-1 1000 m: 1976). Competition law Competition law is a law that stops companies from behaving in an anti-competitive way. Competition law is called "antitrust law" in the United States, and "anti-monopoly law" in China and Russia. It used to be called "trade practices law" in the United Kingdom and Australia. In the European Union, it is called both antitrust and competition law. In the European Union, it is referred to as both "antitrust" and "competition law". Kingdom of Aksum The Kingdom of Aksum (), also known as the Kingdom of Axum or the Aksumite Empire, was an ancient kingdom centered in what is now Eritrea and the Tigray Region of northern Ethiopia. Axumite Emperors were powerful sovereigns, styling themselves King of kings, king of Aksum, Himyar, Raydan, Saba, Salhen, Tsiyamo, Beja and of Kush. Ruled by the Aksumites, it existed from approximately 80 BC to AD 825. It was centered in the city of Axum and grew from the proto-Aksumite Iron Age period around the 4th century BC. It became important by the 1st century AD. Aksum became a major player on the commercial route between the Roman Empire and Ancient India. The Aksumite rulers made trade easier by minting their own Aksumite currency. The state also assumed its hegemony over the declining Kingdom of Kush. It also regularly entered the politics of the kingdoms on the Arabian Peninsula and eventually extended its rule over the region with the conquest of the Himyarite Kingdom. The Manichaei prophet Mani (died 274 AD) regarded Axum as one of the four great powers of his time; the others were Persia, Rome, and China. The Aksumites built monumental stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns is the largest such structure in the world, at 90 feet. Under Ezana (fl. 320–360) Aksum adopted Christianity. In the 7th century, early Muslims from Mecca sought refuge from Quraysh persecution by travelling to the kingdom, a journey known in Islamic history as the First Hijra. The kingdom's ancient capital, also called Axum, is now a town in Tigray Region (northern Ethiopia). The Kingdom used the name "Ethiopia" as early as the 4th century. Tradition claims Axum as the alleged resting place of the Ark of the Covenant and the purported home of the Queen of Sheba. Betty Siegel Betty L. Siegel (January 24, 1931 – February 11, 2020) was an American author and educator. He was president of Kennesaw State University. She was the first female president of the University System of Georgia. She was in that position for 25 years, making her the longest serving female president of a state university in the United States from 1981 to 2006. Siegel was born in Cumberland, Kentucky. Siegel died on February 11, 2020 in Kennesaw, Georgia at the age of 89. Kennesaw, Georgia Kennesaw is a city in Cobb County, Georgia, United States. It had a population of 29,783 according to the 2010 census. Lawrence W. Pierce Lawrence Warren Pierce (December 31, 1924 – February 5, 2020) was an American politician and lawyer. He was United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1981 to 1990, nominated by Ronald Reagan. Before he was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York from 1971 to 1981, nominated by Richard Nixon. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pierce died on February 5, 2020 in Boca Raton, Florida at the age of 95. 2020 Irish general election The 2020 Irish general election took place on Saturday, 8 February 2020. This was the first election since 1918 to be held on a weekend instead of a weekday. Results. The election resulted in a hung parliament, with the three largest parties splitting the vote nearly evenly. Fianna Fáil secured the most seats, with 38, then returning and unopposed Ceann Comhairle giving them a 1-seat advantage. Sinn Féin finished with the most first-preference votes of any party and 37 seats to obtain the party's best showing since the foundation of the modern Republic of Ireland. Fine Gael, the party of Taoiseach Leo Varadkar, finished third in both number of seats (35) and first-preference votes. Since a coalition needs the support of 80 or more TDs in the 160-seat Dáil and no two parties have that many seats between them, any coalition would require the support of smaller parties or independent TDs to govern. Polling. The chart below shows the results of opinion polls since the previous general election. Brendan Howlin Brendan Howlin (born 9 May 1956) is an Irish Labour Party politician. He was Leader of the Labour Party since May 2016. He has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Wexford constituency since 1987. He was Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform from 2011 to 2016, Leas-Cheann Comhairle from 2007 to 2011, Deputy Leader of the Labour Party from 1997 to 2002, Minister for the Environment from 1994 to 1997 and Minister for Health from 1993 to 1994. He was a Senator from 1983 to 1987, after being nominated by the Taoiseach. In February 2020, after a poor result for the Labour Party in the 2020 general election, he announced that he would be stepping down as party leader in a few weeks. Hvítá Hvítá ("white river") is a river in Iceland that starts at the Hvítárvatn glacier lake on the Langjökull glacier in the highlands of Iceland at . The river flows for before dropping down into a narrow gorge at the Gullfoss waterfall. After this, the river flows between the Biskupstungur and Hrunamannahreppur districts. Here, the Hvítá combines with three other rivers: the Tungufljót, the Brúará, and the Stóra-Laxá, doubling the volume of the river. It goes to run through the flatlands near Grímsness and behind Ingólfsfjall mountain. Just north of the town of Selfoss it meets the Sog River where it becomes the Ölfusá as it flows into the Atlantic Ocean. Leader of the Opposition (Ireland) The Leader of the Opposition () in Ireland is the politician who, , leads the Parliamentary Opposition in the lower house of the Irish Parliament, Dáil Éireann. When in the Dáil, the Leader of the Opposition sits on the right-hand side of the Ceann Comhairle and directly opposite of the Taoiseach. To date there have been 17 Opposition Leaders, 9 of whom have been Taoiseach. The current Leader of the Opposition is Mary Lou McDonald TD of the Sinn Féin party since June 2020. John Bruton John Gerard Bruton (born 18 May 1947) is an Irish former Fine Gael politician. He was Taoiseach from 1994 to 1997. Bruton was also Ambassador of the European Union to the United States from 2004 to 2009, Leader of Fine Gael from 1990 to 2001, Opposition Leader from 1990 to 1994 and 1997 to 2001, Deputy Leader of Fine Gael from 1987 to 1990, Minister for the Public Service from January 1987 to March 1987, Minister for Finance from 1981 to 1982 and 1986 to 1987, Minister for Industry, Trade, Commerce and Tourism from 1983 to 1986, Minister for Industry and Energy from 1982 to 1983, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Education and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1973 to 1977. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1969 to 2004. Charles Haughey Charles James Haughey (16 September 1925 – 13 June 2006) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was Taoiseach on three different occasions: 1979 to 1981, March 1982 to December 1982 and 1987 to 1992. He was also Minister for the Gaeltacht from 1987 to 1992, Leader of the Opposition from 1981 to 1982 and 1982 to 1987, Leader of Fianna Fáil from 1979 to 1992, Minister for Social Welfare and Minister for Health from 1977 to 1979, Minister for Finance from 1966 to 1970, Minister for Agriculture from 1964 to 1966, Minister for Justice from 1961 to 1964 and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Justice from 1959 to 1961. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1957 to 1992. Jack Lynch John Mary Lynch (15 August 1917 – 20 October 1999), known as Jack Lynch, was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was Taoiseach from 1966 to 1973 and 1977 to 1979. He also was Leader of Fianna Fáil from 1966 to 1979, Leader of the Opposition from 1973 to 1977, Minister for Finance from 1965 to 1966, Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1959 to 1965, Minister for Education 1957 to 1959, Minister for Gaeltacht Affairs from March 1957 to June 1957, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Lands and Parliamentary Secretary to the Taoiseach from 1951 to 1954. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1948 to 1981. He was the third leader of Fianna Fáil from 1966 until 1979. Seán Lemass Seán Francis Lemass (born John Francis Lemass; 15 July 1899 – 11 May 1971) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was Taoiseach and Leader of Fianna Fáil from 1959 to 1966. He was Tánaiste from 1957 to 1959, 1951 to 1954 and 1945 to 1948, Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1957 to 1959, 1951 to 1954, 1945 to 1949 and 1932 to 1939 and Minister for Supplies from 1939 to 1945. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1924 to 1969. John A. Costello John Aloysius Costello (20 June 1891 – 5 January 1976) was an Irish Fine Gael politician. He was Taoiseach from 1948 to 1951 and from 1954 to 1957, Leader of the Opposition from 1951 to 1954 and from 1957 to 1959, and Attorney General of Ireland from 1926 to 1932. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1933 to 1943 and from 1944 to 1969. W. T. Cosgrave William Thomas Cosgrave (6 June 1880 – 16 November 1965) was an Irish Fine Gael politician. He was President of the Executive Council from 1922 to 1932 and Leader of the Opposition from 1932 to 1944. Cosgrave was Leader of Fine Gael from 1934 to 1944, Leader of Cumann na nGaedheal from 1923 to 1933, Chairman of the Provisional Government from August 1922 to December 1922, President of Dáil Éireann from September 1922 to December 1922, Minister for Finance from 1922 to 1923 and Minister for Local Government from 1919 to 1922. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1921 to 1944. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for the North Kilkenny constituency from 1918 to 1922. Cosgrave never officially held the office of Taoiseach. Persian Gulf naming dispute The Persian Gulf naming dispute is about the name of the body of water known historically and internationally as the Persian Gulf (), after the land of Persia (the old Name of Iran. some Arab countries since the 1960s started to call it Arabian Gulf History of the name. This name has changed by some Arab countries since the 1960s, there was no act until the early 1960s does a major new development occur with the adoption by the Arab states bordering on the Gulf of the new expression "al-Khalīj al-ʻArabī" as a weapon against Iran for political influence in the Gulf. On almost all maps printed before 1960, and in most modern international treaties, documents and maps, this body of water is known by the name "Persian Gulf This reflects traditional usage since the Greek geographers Strabo and Ptolemy, and the geopolitical realities of the time with a powerful Persian Empire comprising the whole northern coastline and a scattering of local emirates on the Arabian coast. It was referred to as the Persian Gulf by all Arabs historian and Geoghraphers such as the Arabic Christian writer Agapius, writing in the 10th century. United Nations. According to the book Documents on the Persian Gulf's name (pp 92–98), the United Nations Secretariat and its specialized agencies have requested its staff to use only "Persian Gulf" as a standard geographical name. The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names discussed the naming issue during its 23rd session, held in Vienna from 28 March to 4 April 2006. According to the report of the meeting, "It is interesting that from among 6000 existing historical maps published up to 1890, there are only three maps mentioning the names of Basreh Gulf, Qatif Gulf, and Arabic Gulf, in addition to which the name of small gulfs(Bay) located at the coast with local use can be also named such as Siraf Gulf(bay), Basreh Gulf, Bahrain Gulf,…. but such names are not applied to the entirety of the Persian Gulf. It is obvious that the promotional use by the Arabs of the three aforementioned maps, whose identity and originality are not clear, in comparison with 6000 maps and more than 200 historical and tourism books from Irastus to Herodotus to Estakhri and Ibn Houghal, who have all called the water body, Persian Gulf, shall lack any value." Ali ihsan Yavuz Ali Ihsan Yavuz is a Turkish politician and member of the Justice and Development Party. He was born on July 7, 1969 in Trabzon, Turkey. Leyla Shahin Usta Leyla Shahin Usta (Born in 8, March  1973, in , ) is a Turkish , , member of the and the Justice and Development Party in Turkey. Biography. She completed her medical education at the in 2003. Leyla worked as a doctor until 2015. She was a deputy from Turkish city of She speaks German and English, Leyla is married and has 2 children. in August 2018, She became the Vice President in charge of Human Rights in Ak Party Ernest Green Ernest Gideon Green (born September 22, 1941) is one of the Little Rock Nine, a group of African-American students who, in 1957, were the first black students ever to go to classes at Little Rock Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Green was the first African-American to finish the school in 1958. In 1999, he and the other members of the Little Rock Nine were given the Congressional Gold Medal by President Bill Clinton. Life. Ernest Green was born on September 22, 1941. He was a senior of the Little Rock Nine. He graduated from 12th grade on May 27, 1958. Islamic Community of India The Islamic Community of India is the religious authority of Muslims in India. It is also recognised as the highest representative body of Muslims in the country. The community's headquarters are located in Daryaganj, New Delhi. Grand Mufti of India is the President of this Authority. Sheikh Abubakr Ahmad is currently serving as President since 2019. The authority was registered in 1954 and working nine national agencies under the authority. Reigions. Twelve regions established under authority. G-Eazy Gerald Earl Gillum (born May 24, 1989), better known by his stage name G-Eazy, is an American rapper and record producer from Oakland, California. His debut major album, "These Things Happen", was released on June 23, 2014. His second album, "When It's Dark Out" was released on December 4, 2015. It included the single "Me, Myself & I" which was at the top of the US "Billboard" Hot 100. Major Lazer Major Lazer is an American electronic music trio. It includes record producers and DJs Diplo, Ape Drums, and Walshy Fire. In June 2019, Jillionaire left the group and was replaced by Ape Drums. The group was formed by Diplo and Switch, but Switch left in 2011. They have released singles such as "Lean On" (with DJ Snake feat. MØ), "Light It Up" (feat. Nyla and Fuse ODG), "Cold Water" (feat. Justin Bieber and MØ) and "Know No Better" (feat. Camila Cabello, Travis Scott and Quavo). They saw Snoop Dogg use his alias Snoopzilla. Ralph Gonsalves Ralph Everard Gonsalves (born 8 August 1946) is a Vincentian politician. He is currently the 4th Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines from 28 March 2001, and leader of the Unity Labour Party (ULP) from 6 December 1998. Under his leadership, the country forged greater ties with other countries such as Iran, Venezuela, and Cuba. Skate Skate or Skates may refer to: Seaford, New York Seaford is a census-designated place (CDP) in Nassau County, New York. Clark County, Kentucky Clark County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 35,613. Its county seat is Winchester. Russell County, Kentucky Russell County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,565. Its county seat is Jamestown. It was formed on December 14, 1825. Webster County, Kentucky Webster County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 13,621. Its county seat is Dixon. The county was formed in 1860 and named for American statesman Daniel Webster (1782-1852). It is the southernmost county in the Evansville, IN–KY Metropolitan Statistical Area. Metcalfe County, Kentucky Metcalfe County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 10,099. Its county seat is Edmonton. Marshall County, Kentucky Marshall County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 31,448. Its county seat is Benton. Boston, Kentucky Boston is a census-designated place (CDP) of Kentucky in the United States. Hancock County, Kentucky Hancock County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 8,565. Its county seat is Hawesville. Powell County, Kentucky Powell County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 12,613. Its county seat is Stanton. Pendleton County, Kentucky Pendleton County is a county in Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,877. Its county seat is Falmouth. It was formed on December 13, 1798. Impact, Texas Impact is a town in Taylor County, Texas in the United States. Lawn, Texas Lawn is a town in Taylor County, Texas, in the United States. Trent, Texas Trent is a town in Taylor County, Texas in the United States. Tuscola, Texas Tuscola is a city in Taylor County, Texas in the United States. Potosi, Texas Potosi is a census-designated place (CDP) in Taylor County, Texas in the United States. Merrick, New York Merrick is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the CDP had a population of 22,097. East Atlantic Beach, New York East Atlantic Beach is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Nassau County, New York. Delavan, Minnesota Delavan is a city in the state of Minnesota in the United States. The city is in Faribault County. As of 2010 census, 179 people lived there. Perry County, Indiana Perry County is a county in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2010, 19,338 people lived there. The county seat is Tell City. The Ernest Green Story The Ernest Green Story is a movie made on January 17, 1993. The main character is Ernest Green. Characters. Main characters. Ernest Green - Ernest Green is the main character. In real life, he was born on September 22, 1941. He graduated on May 27, 1958. List of Sesame Street video games There have been several "Sesame Street" video games made for video game platforms. Most of the "Sesame Street" video games were published and developed by NewKidCo. Video games. Elmo's ABCs. Elmo's ABCs is a video game. It was made for the Game Boy Color. It was made on March 1, 1999. The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland. The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland is a video game. Like Elmo's ABCs, it was made both in 1999 and both were made for the Game Boy Color. There is also a version for Windows and the original Game Boy. Elmo's Letter Adventure. Elmo's Letter Adventure is a video game. It was made for the Nintendo 64. It was made in 1999. Shoot (disambiguation) A shoot is an immature plant or portion of a plant. Shoot may also refer to: Lompoc, California Lompoc is a city in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 42,434. DJ Snake William Sami Etienne Girgahcine (born 13 June, 1986), better known by his stage name DJ Snake, is a French DJ and record producer who mixes hip hop and electronic music. He gained international success with the singles "Bird Machine" and "Turn Down For What" in 2013. He collaborated with Dillon Francis and Diplo in 2014. "Bird Machine" is a collaboration with French act Alesia. The song was released in February 2013 on Mad Decent, a Los Angeles-based record label run by Diplo. In June 2013, DJ Snake was invited by Diplo to do a live mix on his radio show "Diplo & Friends" which airs on BBC Radio 1. Career. Lady Gaga. In 2011, Snake produced an album for Lady Gaga. He also co-produced the Lady Gaga songs "Applause" and "Do What U Want" featuring R. Kelly. Singles released. In 2013, he released "Bird Machine" with Alesia and "Turn Down For What" with Lil Jon. On 11 February 2014, he collaborated with Dillon Francis on his single "Get Low". In March 2015, he collaborated with American electronic dance music trio Major Lazer on their single "Lean On". He released "Talk" with George Maple and "Let Me Love You" with Justin Bieber in 2016. He also released "Taki Taki" with Selena Gomez, Cardi B, and Ozuna. Also he released songs with Sean Paul and Young Thug. Remixes. As a remixer, Snake has made remixes for artists, including AlunaGeorge, Kanye West, Major Lazer, Duck Sauce, Junior Senior, amongst others. Marcella (TV series) Marcella is a British "Nordic"-noir detective series. It is written, directed and produced by Hans Rosenfeldt, creator of "The Bridge". The series first started airing on ITV in April 2016. The series has aired two seasons of eight episodes. A third season will air sometime in 2020. The series stars Anna Friel as Marcella Backland, a former London detective who returns to work to investigate an open case from 11 years ago. An unknown serial killer seems to have become active again. Marcella also has to deal with splitting from her husband and having blackout episodes. Fifth Harmony Fifth Harmony is an American girl group formed on the US version of "The X Factor" in 2012. The members are Ally Brooke, Dinah Jane, Lauren Jauregui, Normani, and Camila Cabello. Cabello left the group in December 2016, while the remaining members announced that they were taking a break in 2018 to go after their own career. They are famous for performing the songs "Boss", "Sledgehammer", and "Worth It" from their first album "Reflection" (2015), as well as "Work From Home", "All In My Head (Flex)", and "That's My Girl" from their second album "27/7" (2016). Career. 2012–2014: Group creation and first EP. Ally Brooke, Dinah Jane, Lauren Jauregui, Normani, and Camila Cabello auditioned on the second season of the US version of "The X Factor" on July 27, 2012, failing to make it past the "Teens" and "Young Adults" categories. They were eventually brought back by the judges, and became a five person girl group on July 7, 2012. They eventually came third on the show on December 20, 2012, losing to second-place winner Carly Rose Sonenclar, and winner Tate Stevens. On January 17, 2013, "The X Factor" creator Simon Cowell signed them to his record label, Syco Music, along with Epic Records. The group performed covers of famous songs on YouTube, before releasing their extended play, "Better Together" on October 22, 2013. They performed on stadium tours for Cher Lloyd and Demi Lovato, as well as performing at smaller concerts. They also began recording songs for their first studio album in 2014, which would eventually be known as "Reflection". 2015–2016: Album releases and Cabello's exit. "Reflection" was released on February 3, 2015, where it sold 80,000 copies in the first week and reached number five on the "Billboard" 200 chart. The third single on the album, "Worth It" was the album's most successful song, peaking at number twelve on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Fifth Harmony announced that they were working on a second album, which was eventually called "7/27". On February 26, 2016, the album's first single, "Work From Home" was released, which peaked at number four on the "Billboard" Hot 100. "7/27" was released on May 27, 2016, selling 74,000 copies and peaking at number four on the "Billboard" 200. On December 18, 2016, Cabello announced that she would be leaving Fifth Harmony, which was confirmed by the group in a statement. The four members decided to still perform together. 2017–2018: Third album and break. On May 29, 2017, the group released "Down" as the first song from their self-titled third album "Fifth Harmony". The album was released on August 25, 2017, and peaked at number four on the "Billboard" 200. After touring, the group announced that each member wanted to separate and work on their own projects, causing them to go on a break for an unknown time period. Musical style. Fifth Harmony is mainly a pop and R&B girl group. They have described their music as having a "retro feel" to it as well. The group lists the Spice Girls, Mariah Carey, Whitney Houston and Destiny's Child as their main influences. Lana Del Rey, Adele, Janet Jackson, Celine Dion, Taylor Swift, Brandy, Jennifer Lopez, Patti LaBelle, Cher Lloyd, Carrie Underwood, Jessie J, Beyoncé, Alicia Keys, Christina Aguilera, Selena, Celia Cruz, Demi Lovato, Ed Sheeran and Leona Lewis have inspired each member of the group. Renzo Chiocchetti Renzo Chiocchetti (17 November 1945 – 13 February 2020) was an Italian cross-country skier. He was born in Moena. He competed at the 1972 Winter Olympics and the 1976 Winter Olympics. He died in Moena at the age of 74. Naughty Boy Shahid Khan (born 1 January 1981), better known by his stage name Naughty Boy, is an English DJ, record producer, songwriter and musician. He was born in Watford. In 2012, Khan signed to a three-year published version of Virgin EMI Records to release an album under that label. He runs his own record label called Naughty Boy Recordings. In 2012, he wrote and produced Emeli Sandé's first album "Our Version of Events". His first album "Hotel Cabana" was released in 2013. His singles are "Lifted", "Think About It", "Wonder" and the number one hit "La La La" featuring singer Sam Smith. "La La La" was released in May 2013. Most notably, Khan has co-produced two records for UK rappers Chip ("Diamond Rings") and Wiley ("Never Be Your Woman"), both featuring Emeli Sandé. He has produced songs for artists such as Alesha Dixon, Cheryl Cole, Jennifer Hudson, JLS, Leona Lewis, and Tinie Tempah. Reinbert de Leeuw Reinbert de Leeuw (8 September 1938 – 14 February 2020) was a Dutch conductor, pianist and composer. He was born in Amsterdam. In 1974, he founded the Schönberg Ensemble. They mainly focused on performing works by the Second Viennese School. He composed the piece "Etude" (1983–1985) for the strings of the ensemble. De Leeuw regularly conducted the Netherlands' major orchestras and ensembles, including the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, New Sinfonietta Amsterdam, "Residentie" Orchestra The Hague and ensembles such as the Netherlands Chamber Choir, the ASKO, the Netherlands Wind Ensemble, and the orchestras of the Dutch Public Radio. In the 1995–96 season, he was the centre point of the 'Carte Blanche' series in the Concertgebouw Amsterdam. He was involved in the organization of the series 'Contemporaries' at the Concertgebouw Amsterdam. Louis-Edmond Hamelin Louis-Edmond Hamelin, (21 March 1923 – 11 February 2020) was a Canadian geographer, professor, and author. Hamelin was born in Saint-Didace, Quebec, Canada. He was best known for his studies of Northern Canada. Hamelin created the Centre for Northern Studies at the Université Laval in Québec and was rector of the Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières from 1978 to 1983. He was also a member of the Northwest Territories Legislative Council. Hamelin specialized in Northern and Aboriginal peoples studies. Hamelin died on 11 February 2020 at the age of 96. Decebal Traian Remeș Decebal Traian Remeş (26 June 1949 - 14 February 2020) was a Romanian economist and politician. He was a member of the National Liberal Party (PNL). He was a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Maramureş County from 1996 to 2000. He was Finance Minister from 1998 to 2000, while in the Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu cabinet, he was Minister of Agriculture during 2007. Chamber of Deputies (Romania) The Chamber of Deputies () is the lower house in Romania's bicameral parliament. It has 329 seats to which deputies are elected by direct popular vote using party-list proportional representation to serve four-year terms. Additionally, the organisation of each national minority is entitled to a seat in the Chamber (under the limitation that a national minority is to be represented by one organisation only). Marcel Ciolacu Ion-Marcel Ciolacu, (born 28 November 1967) is a Romanian politician. He was the President of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of Romania and is the leader of the Social Democratic Party. Titus Corlățean Titus Corlățean (; born 11 January 1968) is a Romanian politician and diplomat. He was the Minister of Justice and of Foreign Affairs. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), part of the Party of European Socialists, and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for Brașov County in the 2004 elections. Blaze and the Monster Machines Blaze and the Monster Machines is American-Canadian interactive children's animated television show. It first aired on October 13, 2014. It focuses on STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics). The show airs on Nick Jr. and Nickelodeon. Seasons. Season 1 first aired on October 13, 2014. Season 1 ended on February 18, 2016, though season 2 first aired in September 2015. Season 2 ended on September 29, 2016. Season 3 first aired on October 10, 2016. Season 3 ended on February 22, 2018. Season 4 first aired on March 26, 2018. Season 4 ended on September 9, 2019. Season 5 was announced in May 2018. Season 5 first aired on August 16, 2019. Season 6 first aired on December 18, 2020. Season 6 ended on September 13, 2022. Season 7 first aired on September 14, 2022. Robert Gibbs Robert Lane Gibbs (born March 29, 1971) is the executive vice president and global chief communications officer of McDonald's. Before, he was the 27th White House Press Secretary in President Barack Obama's cabinet. Abby Cadabby Abby Cadabby is a 4-year-old Muppet character on the PBS/HBO children's television show Sesame Street, performed by Leslie Carrara-Rudolph. In 2006, Abby made her debut in the first episode of "Sesame Street"’s 37th season, when she moved into the neighborhood and met some of the Street's residents. On the day of her debut, her wand broke; Big Bird told her to take her wand to the Fix-It Shop where Maria would fix it. Season 40 features her CGI animated recurring segmentstitled "Abby's Flying Fairy School" which was adapted into a proper spin-off. She is also currently the host of another spin-off "Abby's Amazing Adventures", with her stepbrother Rudy. The first episode aired November 17, 2018 on HBO and September 2, 2019 on PBS. Her name is a play on words of the magic word Abracadabra. Abby's magical powers are limited to popping in and out of thin air, floating when she's happy, and turning things into pumpkins. Although familiar with the world of fairy tales, Abby is astounded by such basic learning skills as drawing letters or counting, prompting her catchphrase "That's so magic!" She frequently uses her wand cell phone to call her mommy. When she's asked to return home, she says that she's "gotta poof". She can speak Dragonfly and Butterfly and is teaching Rosita the languages, while Rosita teaches her Spanish. Along with Baby Bear, Abby begins attending school in a 2006 episode at the Storybook Community School, where Mrs. Goose is the teacher and other fairy tale characters like Hansel and Gretel are her classmates. Her mother being the fairy godmother, went to that school and had the same teacher. In 2020 on Sesame Street in Communities, Abby was shown going to online Pre-School, but is obviously a different school as she has a different teacher and Elmo is now one of her classmates Tony Geiss conceptualized Abby as a way to simultaneously introduce a major female character to the show and add someone from a different culture, without "having consciously to introduce somebody from Indonesia or India". Abby's design is an intentional departure from the typical Muppet look because she's not originally from "Sesame Street". The implication is that the fairies in her old neighborhood look like her. Abby's likeness has been adapted for a 43-foot balloon which premiered in the 2007 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, a full-body costume character for stage appearances and several merchandise items. In 2008, Abby was added to the cast of "Plaza Sésamo", the Mexican co-production of "Sesame Street", appearing in new segments where she tries to perform magic tricks with various ordinary objects. She also has a segment with Lola where they solve everyday problems with simple science and sometimes art. In 2009, she became the host of "3, 2, 1 Vamos!", a Latin American pre-school programming block, which first aired in English in 2010, on Canadian television. She is also one of the few Muppet characters to age, being age 3 from 2006 to 2018 and age 4 from 2018 to present. Character launch. Abby Cadabby was officially announced in TV Guide, months before the 37th season debut of Sesame Street, and a press kit was issued soon after.[3] Rumors had floated on the Internet before that, with an anonymous Sesame Workshop or Muppet insider revealing the addition on Muppet Wiki.[citation needed] She made her Street debut on August 14, 2006. Abby was scheduled to be interviewed August 10, 2006, on The Today Show on NBC; "NBC Special Report" coverage of the 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot pre-empted the interview. Abby appeared for a short chat on 14 August, a few short minutes with Bobbie Thomas and Lester Holt before the weather. The scheduled "satellite-tour" of local stations across America went on later that day.[4] Abby was to be featured as ABC World News "Person of the Week" on 11 August 2006; Hurricane Katrina/2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict dog rescuer Linda Nealon pre-empted her.[5] Abby Cadabby was featured on the 18 August broadcast, with the teaser, "Femininity comes to Sesame Street".[2] She was touted as the first 3-year-old "Person of The Week". Abby appeared on the August 11 edition of All Things Considered on NPR.[6] In 2007, Abby had a balloon made after her in the 2007 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. In 2008, Abby starred as 'Alice' in the Sesame Street direct-to-DVD film Abby in Wonderland that adapts Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland. Abby was featured in the 2007-2009 tour of Sesame Street Live show When Elmo Grows Up and the 2012-2013 leg of the "Elmo Makes Music" tour. In 2014's direct-to-DVD film "Elmo's Super Numbers", Abby appears at NumberCon as "One-Da Woman", a numeric spoof and pun of the DC comic book female superhero, Wonder Woman. In 2018 (season 49) she got a wardrobe change. Her dress was replaced with a skirt with flower sparkles, a t-shirt with a flower, and hair clips shaped like daisies and ladybugs. This is a hint to her liking to take care of her fairy garden. Abby is the host of Sesame Street's autism initiative. Grayson County, Kentucky Grayson County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 25,746. Its county seat is Leitchfield. History. Grayson County was formed in 1810 from land taken from Hardin and Ohio counties. The county is named for William Grayson (1740-1790), a Revolutionary War colonel and U.S. Senator from Virginia. Geography. The county has a total area of . Dragoon Dragoons were originally a type of mounted infantry. They used horses to move around, but got off the horses to fight on foot. They were also used as cavalry and were trained to fight with swords on horseback. The name is taken from a type of firearm, called a "dragon". The dragon was a handgun version of a blunderbuss. It was carried by dragoons of the French Army. In the late 17th and early 18th centuries, most European armies had dragoons. In modern times, some armoured or ceremonial mounted regiments still call themselves dragoons. Boswell, Indiana Boswell is a town in Benton County, Indiana, in the United States. Oxford, Indiana Oxford is a town in the state of Indiana, in the United States. Rush County, Indiana Rush County is a county in the state of Indiana, in the United States. As of 2010, 17,392 people lived there. The county seat is Rushville. Brookville, Indiana Brookville is a town in the state of Indiana, in the United States. Washington County, Indiana Washington County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2010, 28,262 people lived there. The county seat is Salem. Bracken County, Kentucky Bracken County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 8,488. Its county seat is Brooksville. History. Bracken County was formed as Kentucky's 23rd county in 1796 from parts of Mason and Campbell counties. Warrick County, Indiana Warrick County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of 2010, 59,689 people lived there. The county seat is Boonville. Buffalo Gap, Texas Buffalo Gap is a town in Taylor County, Texas in the United States. Tye, Texas Tye is a city in Taylor County, Texas in the United States. Bellmead, Texas Bellmead is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Ben & Holly's Little Kingdom Ben & Holly's Little Kingdom is a British children’s animated TV show. The show was created by Neville Astley and Mark Baker. The music is produced by Julian Nott, who is noted for his Wallace and Gromit and Peppa Pig scores. It first aired on April 6, 2009 and ended in 2013. On May 3, 2019 a live on stage show about the show was announced. A Star Is Born (2018 soundtrack) A Star Is Born is a soundtrack by American singer Lady Gaga and American actor Bradley Cooper. It was released along with the film on October 5, 2018. Musically, it contains songs from pop, country, and rock genres. It was very successful on record charts, reaching number one on album charts in twelve countries, including the US, UK, Canada, and Australia. It was the best-performing album of 2019 in Canada and the third-best performing of 2019 in the US. The soundtrack won the Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media in 2020. Singles. Three singles were released from the album: "Shallow", "Always Remember Us This Way", and "I'll Never Love Again". Gaga became the first artist to win the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media in two consecutive years, winning for "Shallow" in 2019 and for "I'll Never Love Again" in 2020. Breckinridge County, Kentucky Breckinridge County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 20,059. Its county seat is Hardinsburg. Evant, Texas Evant is a town in the U.S. state of Texas. Caroline Flack Caroline Louise Flack (9 December 1979 – 15 February 2020) was an English television presenter. She was born in Enfield, London and grew up in Norfolk. She was best known for presenting the reality television shows Love Island and X Factor. She died from suicide by Hanging at her flat in London on 15 February 2020, aged 40. She was awaiting trial for assaulting her boyfriend, tennis player Lewis Burton. Flack suffered from long-term mental health issues, attempting suicide and self-harming on various occasions. She did not take well the criticism that came with fame. TV producer Anna Blue said that "she just wasn't emotionally wired to deal with all the problems that came with being famous". DJ Khaled Khaled Mohammed Khaled (born 26 November 1975), known professionally as DJ Khaled, is an American DJ, record producer, record executive and author. Born in New Orleans, Louisiana, he is a member of the hip hop group Terror Squad. He released his first album "Listennn... the Album" in June 2006. He has worked with other artists like Birdman, Jay-Z, Jeremih, Lil Wayne, and Rick Ross. He was a radio host on the radio station 99 Jamz in the 1990s before becoming a DJ and producer for Terror Squad. Bulent İnal Mehmet Bülent İnal (born 19 May 1973) is a Turkish actor. He graduated from Ege University, and Dokuz Eylül University Department of Theatre. His recent television project is ". Dua Lipa Dua Lipa (; ; born 22 August 1995) is an English singer, songwriter and model. After signing with Warner Music Group in 2014, she released her self-titled debut album in 2017. While working as a model, she appeared of most Barclays Private Bank sponsorship idents on ITV's "The South Bank Show" between 2003 and December 25, 2005 as well as the alternate 40 second "True value talk to an expert" advert during October 2003. After working as a model, she signed with Warner Music Group in 2015 and soon released her first song, "New Love". Lipa has won three Grammy Awards: one for Best New Artist, one for Best Dance Recording for "Electricity" with Silk City (both won in 2019), and for Best Pop Vocal Album (in 2021) for her album, "Future Nostalgia". Early life and career. Lipa was born on 22 August 1995 in London. Her parents are Albanian and emigrated to Britain from Kosovo. Early world maps The earliest known world maps are from the 6th to 5th centuries BC. They show the world in a different and very simple shape. The developments of Greek geography during this time, notably by Eratosthenes and Posidonius led to Ptolemy's world map (2nd century AD). This was authoritative throughout the Middle Ages. Since Ptolemy, cartographers got better knowledge of the size of the globe. With the Age of Discovery, the 15th to 18th centuries, world maps became increasingly accurate. Exploration of Antarctica, Australia, and the inside of Africa by western mapmakers was done in the 19th and early 20th century. Christophoros (Rakintzakis) Bishop Christophoros (Rakintzakis) (), born George Rakintzakis (May 1, 1931 – February 14, 2020) H.B.A., B.Div., B.Ed., M.A., was the Bishop of Andida and Vicar-Bishop of the Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Toronto (Canada) under the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople from 1999 to 2017. He was also the first Dean of the from October 1997 through to June 2006. He officially retired in 2017. In addition he was a brother of the historic Hosios Loukas monastery in Boeotia, Greece. He was born in Athens, Greece. No Time to Die (song) "No Time to Die" is a song by American singer Billie Eilish. It is the theme song of the upcoming "James Bond" movie of the same name. It was released through Darkroom and Interscope Records on February 13, 2020. The song was written by Eilish and her brother Finneas O'Connell, and recorded in a bedroom studio. At age 18, Eilish is the youngest artist in history to write and record a "James Bond" theme song. The song won Eilish the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 2022. Tony Fernández Octavio Antonio Fernández Castro (June 30, 1962 – February 15, 2020), better known as Tony Fernández, was a Dominican baseball shortstop. He played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball for seven teams. He mainly played for the Toronto Blue Jays. Fernández was known for his defensive skills, setting a nine-year record for shortstops with a .992 fielding percentage in 1989, while still holding the single-season fielding percentage record for third basemen with .991 in 1994. Fernández announced in 2017 that he had been diagnosed with kidney disease. On February 15, 2020, Fernández died of problems related to the disease; he had suffered a stroke and was placed in an induced coma. Jerzy Gruza Jerzy Gruza (4 April 1932 – 16 February 2020) was a Polish screenwriter and movie director. Gruza was born in Warsaw. He directed television shows like "Wojna domowa" (1965–1966) and "Ring and Rose" (1986) and the movie "Dzięcioł" (1970). He wrote the script for the popular television show "Czterdziestolatek". Gruza died on 16 February 2020 in Warsaw at the age of 87. José Zalaquett José "Pepe" Zalaquett Daher (10 March 1942 – 15 February 2020) was a Chilean lawyer. He was known for his work in the defence of human rights during the "de facto" regime that governed Chile under General Augusto Pinochet from 1973 to 1990. On 15 November 1975, agents of the National Intelligence Directorate (DINA) arrested José Zalaquett and took him to the Tres Álamos detention centre. He was released on 30 January 1976, arrested again on 5 April, and sent into exile on 12 April. He did not return to Chile until 1986. From 2002 to 2005 he was a member of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, and was its president in 2004-05. Zalaquett died of Parkinson's disease-related problems on 15 February 2020 in Santiago de Chile, aged 77. Couque de Dinant The Couque de Dinant () is an extremely hard and sweet biscuit. It is a traditional biscuit of the southern Belgian city of Dinant in Wallonia. Preparation. "Couques" are made with three ingredients: wheat, flour and honey. Preparation is fairly easy: The same amount of each ingredient is added, and nothing else. For example, neither water nor yeast are added. The dough is put in a wooden mould. The wood is obtained from pear tree, walnut tree or beech tree. The moulds have many different shapes. These includes animals, floral patterns, people or landscapes. The biscuit is cooked in an oven preheated to around for 15 minutes. This allows the honey to caramelize. On cooling, the biscuit becomes very hard. It can be preserved indefinitely. "Couques" can be displayed as decoration as they will not rot. They are used as Christmas tree ornaments, or used to commemorate special occasions. A different type, the couque de Rins also adds sugar to the dough. It is sweeter and softer as a result. Consumption. "Couques de Dinant" cannot be bitten as they are very large and hard. They are instead broken into small pieces. The pieces can then be bitten, sucked, left to melt in the mouth or be soaked in coffee. "Couques de Dinant" have been traditionally given to babies during teething. Dinant bakeries see large sales over the summer season due to tourists. The consumption of "couques" is highest near Saint Nicholas Day in December. At that time of year, they are sold and eaten all over Belgium. Origins. A popular but unlikely legend said that couques came from from the sacking of Dinant in 1466. Dinant was sacked by Charles the Bold during the Liège Wars. The citizens were supposedly desperate and had little to eat but flour and honey. They then decided to make a dough by mixing honey and flour. As the dough was so hard, they find that ornaments can be made out of it. One example is "dinanderie" (local ornamental brasswork). The people thereby began the tradition of giving the biscults patterns. It is more clear that "couque" began to appear some time in the 18th century. The exact circumstances of its invention are unclear though. Boone County, Kentucky Boone County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 118,811, making it the fourth-most populous county in Kentucky. Its county seat is Burlington. The county was formed in 1798 and was named for frontiersman Daniel Boone. Newport, Vermont (city) Newport is a city in Vermont. As of 2010, it has a population of 4,589 people. Lancaster, New Hampshire Lancaster is a town of Coos County in the state of New Hampshire in the United States. Edmonson County, Kentucky Edmonson County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 12,161. Its county seat is Brownsville. This is a dry county where the sale of alcohol is prohibited. History. The county was formed on January 12, 1825 from land given by Grayson, Hart and Warren counties and named for Captain John "Jack" Edmonson (1764–1813), who was killed at the Battle of Frenchtown during the War of 1812. Geography. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.7%) is water. Demographics. As of the census of 2000, there were 11,644 people, 4,648 households, and 3,462 families living in the county. The population density was . There were 6,104 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 98.39% White, 0.58% Black or African American, 0.44% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.06% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. 0.56% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 4,648 households out of which 31.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.20% were married couples living together, 8.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.50% were non-families. 22.40% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.88. In the county, the population was spread out with 23.60% under the age of 18, 9.00% from 18 to 24, 27.80% from 25 to 44, 25.30% from 45 to 64, and 14.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 males there were 92.50 females. For every 100 males age 18 and over, there were 89.33 females. The median income for a household in the county was $25,413, and the median income for a family was $31,843. Males had a median income of $26,770 versus $17,158 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,480. About 14.20% of families and 18.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.50% of those under age 18 and 21.00% of those age 65 or over. Wörgl Wörgl is a city of the Kufstein district in the Austrian state of Tyrol. It is from the international border with Bavaria, Germany. Wörgl is an important railway junction between the line from Innsbruck to Munich, and the inner-Austrian line to Salzburg. Its train station has been designated as a "Hauptbahnhof" () since 10 December 2006. Zygomatic bone The zygomatic bone (cheekbone or malar bone) is a paired facial bone in the upper side of the face. It shows as the prominence of the cheek. The zygomatic bone forms the floor of the eye orbit. Sphenoid bone The sphenoid bone is an unpaired bone of the neurocranium. It is in the middle of the skull towards the front. Burhan Kuzu Burhan Kuzu (1 January 1955 – 1 November 2020) was a Turkish politician. He was born in Kayseri, Turkey. He was a former deputy in the Turkish Parliament from 2002 to 2018 representing the Justice and Development Party. Kuzu died of COVID-19 on 1 November 2020 in Istanbul, aged 65. Lutfiye Selva Cam Lutfiye Selva Cam ( born in 5, September, 1970, in urfa , Turkey ) She is a Turkish engineer and politician. She is a deputy in the Justice and Development Party for Ankara since  2015. Biography. She studied at Middle East Technical University, College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering. in June 2015 and November 2015 general elections, the Justice and Development Party entered Parliament as an Ankara she is mother of three children. Fluent in English, French and Arabic medium. Hamza Dag Hamza Dag ( born in 1, March, 1980 , in Manisa , Turkey ) He is Turkish politician, lawyer, And a former deputy in the Turkish Parliament Biography. Hamza graduated from Faculty of Law at the University of 9 September and worked as an independent lawyer. Hamza is the founder of the Exchange Lawyers Group. In the period 24, he was elected deputy to Izmir, He served as a member of the Human Rights Inquiry Committee. He has an intermediate level in English and Arabic, Hamza is married and has two children. Bayview Stadium Bayview Stadium, known formerly as New Bayview, is a football stadium in Methil, Fife, Scotland. It is the home of East Fife F.C.. It was opened in 1998. Disappearance of Dulce Avalez Dulce Maria Avalez is a missing person. She went missing on September 16, 2019. She was born on April 25, 2014. Disappearance. On September 16, 2019, Dulce and her brother went to a park at around 4:00 PM (EST). While her mother and Dulce’s 8 years old cousin were in the car around 30 yards away from the park. Around a few minutes later, her mother and Dulce’s cousin came back, only to find Dulce’s brother upset, but his sister was not there. Duchy of Warsaw The Duchy of Warsaw (, , ) was a Polish state started by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807 during the Napoleonic Wars. Poland had been divided among its neighbors in the Partitions of Poland. The Dutchy was made up of the Polish lands given to France by the Kingdom of Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit. Prussian and Russian troops occupied it when Napoleon was defeated in Russia. This split was made official in 1815 at the Congress of Vienna. Polish fighting in the Napoleonic Wars started when the first Polish legions were made with supporters of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Napoleon used them during the campaigns in Italy to great effect. Battle of Gonzales The Battle of Gonzales was the first military engagement of the Texas Revolution. It was fought near Gonzales, Texas, on October 2, 1835, between rebellious Texan settlers and a detachment of Mexican army soldiers. On October 2, 1835, the growing tensions between Mexico and Texas erupt into violence when Mexican soldiers attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, sparking the Texan war for independence. Texas or Tejas as the Mexicans called it–had technically been a part of the Spanish Empire since the 17th century. Bunker Hill Village, Texas Bunker Hill Village is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Shoreacres, Texas Shoreacres is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Cloverleaf, Texas Cloverleaf is a census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. state of Texas. Neil Sanderson Neil Christopher Sanderson (born December 17, 1978) is a Canadian musician. He is the current drummer of the Canadian rock band Three Days Grace and the original drummer of the Canadian Christian rock band Thousand Foot Krutch from 1996 to 1997. Missouri City, Texas Missouri City is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Palisades, Texas Palisades is a village in the U.S. state of Texas. Timbercreek Canyon, Texas Timbercreek Canyon is a village in the U.S. state of Texas. Technophobia Technophobia is the fear, or dislike, of more advanced technical devices. Technophobia has occurred since the Industrial Revolution. Very often, artists show technophobia in their works. Two examples of this are Frankenstein, and the movie Metropolis. The Luddites were a movement of textile workers who fought against the use of machines, in the 19th century. Technophobia in anabaptist groups. Anabaptist groups, such as the Amish or the Mennionites are often shown as being against all modern technology. This image is false, and largely relies on ignorance. These groups are not technophobic, they simply judge the technologies they use: if the technology is useful for the group as a whole, and it does not pose a risk in making the group fall apart, the technology is usually kept. As an example, tractors are used, because they help with agriculture. Cars, on the other hand, are often not used, because they help drive the community apart. Occurrence. In a study, done between 1992 and 1994 University students in different countries were asked if they were technophobic: Among the 3.392 participants in the United States, 29% identified as strongly technophobic. As a comparison, 58% of the Japanese pariicipants identified as technophobic, in India, the number was 82%, and in Mexico, it was 53%. Uncertain, Texas Uncertain is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Hedwig Village, Texas Hedwig Village is a city in Harris County, Texas in the United States. Taylor Lake Village, Texas Taylor Lake Village is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Tomball, Texas Tomball is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Old River-Winfree, Texas Old River-Winfree is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Beach City, Texas Beach City is a city of Chambers County in the state of Texas in the United States. Pando (tree) Pando (Latin for "I spread out"), also known as the trembling giant, is a colony of aspen trees, in Utah. The trees that make up the colony are clones: they are genetically identical. The colony is made of about 47.0000 single trees and covers about . The roots of these trees are linked. A single aspen tree will not grow older than 100 to 130 years. New trees will grow, others will die off. The whole organism may be about 80,000 years old. It is the oldest known living organism on Earth. Humans brought mule deer into the region, which may be a threat to Pando. On the other hand, aspens are resistant to browsing: their leaves contain some unpleasant chemicals. In a study done in the 2000s, scientists analyzed aerial photographs of the region. They found that Pando has not grown in size in the last 30-40 years. Therefore they say that it may be threatened. Arcola, Texas Arcola is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Beasley, Texas Beasley is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Graeme Allwright Graeme Allwright (7 November 1926 – 16 February 2020) was a New Zealand-born French singer and songwriter. His music "provided anthems for the French left-wing counter-culture." He became popular in the 1960s and 1970s as a French language interpreter of the songs of songwriters such as Leonard Cohen, Bob Dylan and Pete Seeger. His greatest success came with his third album, "Le jour de clarté" (1968). It included adaptations of two songs by Leonard Cohen ("Suzanne" and "The Stranger Song"), two by Tom Paxton, and others by Pete Seeger, Jackson C. Frank and Roger Miller. He continued to work when he was in his nineties. Allwright was born in Wellington. He grew up in Hawera. Allwright died on 16 February 2020 in Couilly-Pont-aux-Dames, Seine-et-Marne. He was 93. Luke Evans Luke George Evans (born 15 April 1979) is a Welsh actor and singer. He started his career on the stage. He has performed in many of London's West End productions such as "Rent", "Miss Saigon" and "Piaf". In 2013, Evans starred as the main antagonist Owen Shaw in the blockbuster "Fast & Furious 6". He also played Bard the Bowman in Peter Jackson's "The Hobbit" trilogy (2012–14). Evans has also appeared in movies such as "Clash of the Titans" (2010), "Immortals" (2011), "The Three Musketeers" (2011), "The Raven" (2012), "Dracula Untold" (2014), "Professor Marston and the Wonder Women" (2017), "Beauty and the Beast" (2017) and "StarDog and TurboCat" (2019). Evans was born in Pontypool. He grew up in Aberbargoed. He is openly gay. DJ Fresh Daniel Stein (born 11 April 1977), better known by his stage name DJ Fresh, is an English DJ. As a drum and bass producer, he is best known for making electronic music. He founded the label "Breakbeat Kaos" with Adam F. He has worked with artists including Pet Shop Boys, Andy C, Rita Ora, Pendulum, amongst others. In 2006, Fresh released his first album. Fresh produced Rita Ora's 2012 album "Ora". Sebastian Ingrosso Sebastian Ingrosso (born Sebastian Carmine Ingrosso on 20 April 1983) is a Swedish DJ, producer, and remixer. He is a member of the house music group Swedish House Mafia, alongside Axwell, Eric Prydz, and Steve Angello. His production is mainly classified as electro house and progressive house. Tinchy Stryder Ksawi Danquia (born 14 September 1986), better known by his stage name Tinchy Stryder, is a British grime music artist hailing from Accra, Ghana. He began his career in 1997. His song "Number 1" was a collaboration with N-Dubz. He has worked with Labrinth. On 13 August 2007 Tinchy Stryder released his debut album "Star in the Hood" on Takeover Entertainment. On 17 August 2009 Tinchy Stryder released his second album "Catch 22" which features collaborations with artists like Taio Cruz and Dappy. On 15 November 2010 Tinchy Stryder released his third album "Third Strike" which was produced and written by Fraser T Smith. Rudimental Rudimental are an English electronic music quartet, signed to Asylum Records, Atlantic Records and Black Butter Records. The quartet consists of Amir Amor, DJ Locksmith, Piers Agget and one more. They have collaborated with artists including John Newman, Alex Clare, Ella Eyre (who recently featured on their #1 single "Waiting All Night"), Becky Hill, Ed Sheeran, Will Heard, Anne-Marie, amongst others. Chahar Burjak District Chahar Burjak District is a district of Nimruz Province in Afghanistan. Rockcastle County, Kentucky Rockcastle County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,056. Its county seat is Mount Vernon. The county formed in 1810 and named for the Rockcastle River which runs through it. McLean County, Kentucky McLean County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,531. Its county seat is Calhoun. Cottonwood, Texas Cottonwood is a city in Kaufman County, Texas. Combine, Texas Combine is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Rosser, Texas Rosser is a village in the U.S. state of Texas. There were 332 living there according to 2010 census. Comeragh Mountains The Comeragh Mountains (Irish:" "Na Comaraigh) are a mountain range in south east Ireland in County Waterford. They are between Carrick-on-Suir and Clonmel towns on the County Tipperary border and Kilrossanty and Kilmacthomas villages in County Waterford. The twelve mountains in the range are very popular for mountain climbers and hikers. The highest peak is Kilclooney Mountain at . Sankt Veit an der Glan Sankt Veit an der Glan () is a town in the Austrian state of Carinthia. It is the capital of the Sankt Veit an der Glan District. It was the historic Carinthian capital until 1518. Kamau Brathwaite The Honourable Edward Kamau Brathwaite, CHB (; 11 May 1930 – 4 February 2020) was a Barbadian poet and academic. He was thought to be one of the major voices in the Caribbean literary canon. He was a professor of Comparative Literature at New York University. Brathwaite was the 2006 International Winner of the Griffin Poetry Prize, for his poem "Born to Slow Horses". Alfred B. Hilton Alfred B. Hilton (1842 – October 21, 1864) was a sergeant in the Union Army in Company H, 4th US Colored Infantry. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for action on September 29, 1864 at Chapin's Farm, Virginia during the American Civil War. His citation reads "When the regimental color bearer fell, this soldier seized the colors and carried it forward, together with the national standard, until disabled at the enemy's inner line." Gallatin County, Kentucky Gallatin County is a county in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 8,589. Its county seat is Warsaw. Harold Strachan Robert Harold Lundie "Jock" Strachan (1 December 1925 – 7 February 2020) was a South African writer and anti-apartheid activist. He flew for the South African Air Force during World War II. He became Umkhonto we Sizwe's first explosives expert. He put in jail for sabotage, and after his release he served another sentence for telling a journalist about poor prison conditions. He wrote two semi-autobiographical books, and completed the Comrades Marathon twice, winning a medal once. Strachan died from liver disease-related problems on 7 February 2020 at the age of 94. Hubert Boulard Hubert Boulard (21 January 1971 – 12 February 2020) was a French comics writer and colorist. He produced "Miss Pas Touche" in 2006, illustrated by Kerascoët and published by Dargaud, which sold 30,000 as of 2017. Boulard produced the collective work "Les Gens normaux, paroles lesbiennes gay bi trans", published in 2013, during the time when France was voting on the legalization of gay marriage. In 2019, he wrote the comic "Boiseleur : Les Mains d'Ilian", with illustrations by Gaëlle Hersent. Boulard died on 12 February 2020 at the age of 49. Daniel M. Pierce Daniel Marshall Pierce (March 31, 1928 – February 13, 2020) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives from 1965 to 1985. He was Mayor of Highland Park, Illinois from 1987 to 1995 and again from 1999 to 2003. Pierce was born in Chicago. Pierce died at his home in Highland Park on February 13, 2020 at the age of 91. Munich air disaster The Munich air disaster occurred on 6 February 1958 when British European Airways Flight 609 crashed on its third attempt to take off from a slush-covered runway at Munich-Riem Airport, Munich, Bavaria, West Germany. On the plane was the Manchester United football team, nicknamed the "Busby Babes", along with supporters and journalists. 20 of the 44 on the aircraft died at the scene. Three more died at a Munich hospital, resulting in 23 fatalities with 21 survivors. An investigation said that the crash was caused by the slush on the runway, which slowed the plane too much to take off. Deaths. Passengers. Manchester United players Manchester United staff Journalists Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah ( Taarak Mehta's inverted spectacles; sometimes abbreviated as TMKOC) is an Indian Hindi Language television sitcom. One of India's longest running television shows, it is produced by Neela Tele Films. The show went on air on 28 July 2008. It airs from Monday to Friday on SAB TV. Reruns of the show started on Sony Pal from 2 November 2015. The show is based on the column "Duniya Ne Undha Chashma" written by columnist and journalist/playwright Taarak Mehta for the Gujarati weekly magazine "Chitralekha". Plot. The series takes place at the Gokuldham Co-operative Society, an apartment complex in Powder Gali, Goregaon East, Mumbai around Gada Family which consists of a successful businessman Jethalal Champaklal Gada, his father Champaklal Jayantilal Gada, his wife Daya and their naughty son Tipendra Gada (Tapu) who is the leader of his friend circle called "Tapu Sena." Jethalal calls his father Champaklal to keep an eye on Tapu but the opposite happens and he joins hands with Tapu. Most of the episodes are based on Jethalal being stuck in a problem and Taarak Mehta, his best friend, helps him out of it whom Jethalal calls "Fire Brigade." The show covers topical issues which are socially relevant. The residents of Gokuldham faces daily life problems and finds solutions for it but with a moral value too in a hilarious manner. Although Gokuldham Society consists of 50 flats but the show mostly focuses on the lives of the families, that are of; Jethalal Champaklal Gada, a Gujarati; Taarak Mehta, who is from Rajasthan; Aatmaram Tukaram Bhide, who belongs to Marathi culture; Dr. Hansraj Hathi, a Bihari overweight doctor; Krishnan Iyer, a scientist from Chennai but has a Bengali wife; Roshan Singh Sodhi, A Punjabi but has a Parsi wife and Patrakaar Popatlal from Bhopal, a bachelor from eleven years. They always help each-other in their problems, to promote Unity in Diversity. Cast and Characters. Main Gada Family: Dilip Joshi as Jethalal Champaklal Gada (2008-present) Disha Vakani as Daya Jethalal Gada (2008-2017) Amit Bhatt as Champaklal Jayantilal Gada (2008-present) Bhavya Gandhi / Raj Anadkat as Tipendra Jethalal Gada (Tapu) (2008-2017/2017-present) Mehta Family: Shailesh Lodha as Taarak Mehta (2008-present) Neha Mehta / Sunanya Fozdar as Anjali Mehta (2008-2020/2020-present) Iyer Family: Tanuj Mahashabde as Krishnan Subramaniam Iyer (2008-present) Munmun Dutta as Babita Iyer (2008-present) Bhide Family: Mandar Chandwadkar as Aatmaram Tukaram Bhide (2008-present) Sonalika Joshi as Madhavi Aatmaram Bhide (2008-present) Jheel Mehta / Nidhi Bhanushali / Palak Sidhwani as Sonalika Aatmaram Bhide (Sonu) (2008-2012/2012-2019/2019-present) Sodhi Family: Gurcharan Singh / Laad Singh Mann / Balvinder Singh as Harjeet Singh Sodhi (2008-2013,2014-2020/2013-2014/2020-present) Jennifer Mistry Banshiwal / Dilkhush Reporter / Jennifer Mistry Banshiwal as Roshan Kaur Sodhi (2008-2013,2016-present/2013-2016) Samay Shah as Gurcharan Singh Sodhi (Gogi) (2008-present) Hathi Family: Nirmal Soni / Kavi Kumar Azad / Nirmal Soni as Dr. Hansraj Hathi (2008-2009,2018-present/2009-2018) Ambika Ranjankar as Komal Hathi (2008-present) Kush Shah as Gulabkumar Hathi (Goli) (2008-present) Others: Azhar Shaik as Pankaj Diwan Sahay (Pinku) (2008-present) Sharad Sankla as Abdul (2008-present) Shyam Pathak as Patrakar Popatlal Bhagwati Pandey (2009-present) Ghanashyam Nayak as Natwarlal Prabhashankar Udhaiwala (Nattu Kaka) (2008-2020) Tanmay Vekaria as Bagheshawar Dadukh Udhaiwala (Bagha) (2011-present) Monika Bhadoriya as Bawri Dhondulal Kanpuria (2013-2019) Mayur Vakani as Sundarlal (2008-present) Priya Ahuja / Mihika Verma as Rita Srivastava (2009-2010,2013-present/2010-2013) Daya Shankar Pandey as Inspector Chalu Pandey (2010-present) Asitkumarr Modi as himself (2008-present) Guests Jason Davis (actor) Jason Davis (October 14, 1984 – February 16, 2020) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as the voice of Mikey Blumberg from the animated television series "Recess". He appeared on "Millionaire Matchmaker" and "Jessabelle". He was a cast member on the fourth season of VH1's "Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew", which documented his treatment for substance abuse. Davis died in Los Angeles on February 16, 2020 at the age of 35. Drew Pinsky David Drew Pinsky (born September 4, 1958), commonly known as Dr. Drew, is an American addiction expert and media personality. He hosted the nationally syndicated radio talk show "Loveline" from 1984 until its end in 2016. On television, he hosted the talk show "Dr. Drew On Call" on HLN and the daytime series "Lifechangers" on The CW. In addition, he was producer and starred in the VH1 show "Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew", and its spinoffs "Sex Rehab with Dr. Drew", "Celebrity Rehab Presents Sober House". Rock and Roll (Gary Glitter song) "Rock and Roll" is a song by English glam rock singer Gary Glitter that was released in 1972 as a single and on the album "Glitter". It was co-written by Glitter and Mike Leander. The song is in two parts: Part 1 is a vocal track and Part 2 is a mostly instrumental piece. Both parts were popular in Britain, and the single went to No. 2 on the British charts. In concert, Glitter merged both into one performance. "Rock and Roll" is Glitter's only top 10 hit in the U.S. It was also in North America that the "Part 2" became popularly associated with sports, as a number of professional teams began to play the song during games. Due to Glitter's convictions for sex offences, the song's continued use has been controversial. In the UK, "Rock and Roll" was one of over 25 hit singles for Glitter. In the US, the instrumental version (Part 2) attracted most of the attention; it hit No. 7 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. In 2019, "Rock and Roll Part 2" appeared in Todd Phillips' movie "Joker" as Arthur dances down a staircase. According to the "Los Angeles Times", Glitter does not receive payment when the song is used as he has sold the rights, and the US rights to the song are now owned by Universal Music Publishing Group. Joker Stairs The Joker Stairs are a set of steep stairs connecting Shakespeare and Anderson Avenues at West 167th Street in the Highbridge section of the Bronx, New York City. It became known as one of the filming locations in the 2019 psychological thriller, "Joker". It was used when Arthur was dancing down these stairs while "Rock and Roll Part 2" played during the movie's climax. The stairs appear in a promotional poster for the movie and have become a tourist destination. Both the stairs and Arthur's dance have become Internet memes. Many visitors reenact the scene from the movie, sometimes in Joker costume, to the point that the stairs have become crowded with sightseers. Many news articles say that the Joker Stairs have became a popular movie scene such as "the ranks of well-known movie settings, like that of the steps at the Philadelphia Museum of Art" seen in the 1976 American sports drama "Rocky". Grogu Grogu, also known as "The Child" and "Baby Yoda" by fans and the media, is a fictional character from the "Star Wars" Disney+ original television series "The Mandalorian". He is a member of the same alien species as Yoda, a popular character from the "Star Wars" movies. He is in the care of the Mandalorian (Din Djarin) after Din Djarin found rescued him from the Empire. On a mission to reunite Grogu with the Jedi, the Mandalorian and Grogu go on many adventures to achieve this goal and finally reach it when Luke Skywalker comes to retrieve Grogu. Grogu became very popular by audiences and quickly became an Internet meme and breakout character. Disney+ Disney+ (pronounced Disney Plus) is an American subscription video on-demand streaming service owned and operated by the Direct-to-Consumer & International (DTCI) division of The Walt Disney Company. The service has movies and television series produced by The Walt Disney Studios and Walt Disney Television, with the service advertising content from Disney's Marvel, National Geographic, Pixar, and "Star Wars" brands in particular. Original movies and television series are also distributed on Disney+, with ten movies and seven series having been produced for the platform. It features no R and NC-17 or TV-MA-rated programming. The website version starting in November 2019 before it was shut down in July 2022. Instagram egg The Instagram egg is a picture of an egg posted by the account @world_record_egg on the social media platform Instagram. It became a global phenomenon and an internet meme within days of its creation. It holds the world record for both the most-liked Instagram post and most liked online post on any website in history. The owner of the account was revealed to be Chris Godfrey. Sam Donaldson Samuel Andrew Donaldson Jr. (born March 11, 1934) is an American political activist and journalist. He was a former reporter and news anchor, working with ABC News from 1967 to 2013. He is best known as the network's White House Correspondent (1977–1989 and 1998–99) and as a panelist and later co-anchor of the network's Sunday program, "This Week". Donaldson was born in El Paso, Texas. He was a known critic of President Ronald Reagan while he was White House Correspondent. Dunmore East Dunmore East () is a popular tourist and fishing village in County Waterford, Ireland. It lies within the barony of Gaultier ("Gáll Tír" – "foreigners' land" in Irish): History. Iron Age people established a promontory fort overlooking the sea at Shanooan (referred to in 1832 as meaning the 'Old Camp' but more likely Canon Power's Sean Uaimh, 'Old Cave') In 1640, Lord Power of Curraghmore, who owned a large amount of property in the area, built a castle on the cliff overlooking the strand about two hundred metres from St. Andrew's Church. The castle was falling into ruin by the middle of the next century and now just one tower remains. In Smith's history of Waterford, the village was mentioned as being a fishing port about the year 1745. The fishermen's homes were in the Lower Village near the Strand Inn and boats were launched from the slip at Lawlor's Beach before the harbour was built. There is mention of a fleet of fifty fishing boats working from Dunmore East in 1776. In 1812 a decision was made at Westminster, London to create an entirely new landing point for passengers and mails coming to Ireland from London and southern England. The place selected was Dunmore East and £118,000 was set aside for the erection of a pier there. In 1814 big changes took place when Alexander Nimmo commenced work on the new harbour at Dunmore. The work mainly the building of a large pier or quay with a lighthouse at the end. Nimmo's original estimate had been £20,000 but at the time of his death in 1832 about £93,000 had been spent and the final cost was £108,000. By then (1837) the harbour had started to silt up, so the packet station was transferred to Waterford city. The sheltered harbour meant that Dunmore East became an important fishing port. It also then developed into a very popular tourist resort and it is now a favourite port of call for large cruise liners visiting the south-east of Ireland. The Haven Hotel, formerly the Villa Marina, was a holiday home built by the Malcolmsons, who were involved financially in the American Civil War. The Fisherman's Hall in the village was also built by the family for fishermen to mend their nets. Sport. Dunmore East is home to many sporting clubs from sailing to Gaelic Football. Gaultier GAA which focuses primarily on Gaelic Football is located just outside the village, across the road from Dunmore FC soccer club. Gaultier were founded in 1927 and compete in the Waterford Senior Football Championship as well as catering for over 100 juvenile members. Dunmore FC were founded in the 1970s initially before being re-established in the early to mid 2000s. The sailing club was founded in 1934. Harbour. The harbour is one of the five designated National Fishery Harbours and has the second-highest figure for fish landings after Killybegs. In the summer months, it is popular with visiting yachts which have a designated pontoon. A plan was developed in 2005 by Waterford County Council to expand the harbour to accommodate more recreational marine activities. However, that plan appears to have been shelved due to lack of funding. Tourism. The village is home to the Waterford Harbour Sailing Club with dinghy and keelboat sailing and the Dunmore East Adventure Centre. The local golf course is on the clifftop overlooking the bay. Sea angling and Diving is catered for by Dunmore East Angling Charters. Dunmore East is home to several seafood restaurants, and there are two principal hotels in Dunmore: The Strand Inn and The Haven. The Haven was the summer home of the Malcomson family of Portlaw who were wealthy millers and shipbuilders. There is also a caravan site catering for motorhomes and touring caravans. Among the events held in Dunmore East is the annual bluegrass festival which takes place at the end of August. During this festival the village hosts a number of bluegrass groups over the weekend during which almost every bar becomes a music venue from 3pm until late in the evening. Twin town. Dunmore East is twinned with the village of Clohars-Carnoët in France. Transport. There is a good road connection to Waterford City. Suirway operate a bus route linking Dunmore East to Waterford. Tom Jarriel Thomas Edwin "Tom" Jarriel (pronounced "Jair-ell," with a silent "i"; born December 29, 1934) is an American television news reporter. He worked for the ABC network from 1964 to 2002. Jarriel was born in LaGrange, Georgia. LaGrange, Georgia LaGrange is a city in and the county seat of Troup County, Georgia, United States. The population of the city was said to be 30,291 in 2018 by the U.S. Census Bureau. Loek Hollander Loek Hollander (1938 – 16 February 2020) was a Dutch karate practitioner. He began training Kyokushin Karate in 1962. Hollander earned his 1st "dan" ranking in 1965. Hollander was the fourth person ever to complete the 100-man kumite in 1967. He was one of the highest-ranking members of the IKO Kyokushinkaikan. Hollander was the International Committee Member for Europe and Africa. Hollander was born in Rotterdam and died in Rotterdam on 16 February 2020 at the age of 81. Reformatory A reformatory, or school reformatory, is a jail used for young people (mostly teenagers) in the 1800s and 1900s. Barry Hulshoff Bernardus Adriaan "Barry" Hulshoff (30 September 1946 – 16 February 2020) was a Dutch footballer and manager. He played for Ajax Amsterdam and was part of their European Cup victories in 1971, 1972 and 1973. He earned 12 caps for the Netherlands national football team. He coached Ajax for one season. He was born in Deventer, Netherlands. Hulshoff died on 16 February 2020 at the age of 73. Promontory fort A promontory fort is a defensive structure located above a steep cliff. One is usually located above a steep cliff, often only connected to the mainland by a small neck of land. Most seem to date to the Iron Age. They are mainly found in Brittany, Ireland, the Orkney Islands, the Isle of Man, Devon and Cornwall. Ireland. Only a few Irish promontory forts have been excavated and most date to the Iron Age, though some, like Dunbeg (County Kerry) might have originated in the Bronze Age. Others, like Dalkey Island (County Dublin) contain imported Eastern Mediterranean pottery and have been reoccupied and changed in the early medieval period. Isle of Man. On the Isle of Man promontory forts are found particularly on the rocky slate headlands of the south. Four out of more than 20 have been excavated and several, especially in Santon, can be visited using the Raad ny Foillan coastal footpath. All have a rampart on their vulnerable landward side, and excavations at Cronk ny Merriu have shown that access to the fort was via a strongly built gate. The Scandinavians who arrived in the Isle of Man in the eighth and ninth centuries AD sometimes re-used these Iron Age promontory forts. Devon & Cornwall. Promontory forts can be found all along the coast of Penwith. Maen Castle, near to Land's End is one of the oldest, having been dated to around 500 BC. They are also found in other districts, e.g. The Rumps near Padstow and Dodman Point on the southern Cornish coast as well as Rame Head close to Plymouth. In Devon, Burgh Island and Bolt Tail are located on the south coast and Embury Beacon and Hillsborough on the north coast. The famous site at Tintagel may be a rare example of promontory fort whose occupation continued after the Romans and from there into later periods. Brittany. Caesar's "de Bello Gallico" describes the Veneti in southern Armorica – a powerful sea-faring people allied with the southern British during the war of 56 BC – as living in clifftop oppida. Their capital was "Darioritum" on the Morbihan bay, now modern Vannes/Gwened. The Veneti were linguistically British: they spoke Breton, which was derived from Cornish, and they once ruled Cornwall and Devon. They had close trade ties. When they were attacked by the Romans in Brittany, Julius Caesar reports that Cornwall sent them military aid. Harry Gregg Henry Gregg, (27 October 1932 – 16 February 2020) was a Northern Irish professional footballer and manager. A goalkeeper, he played for Manchester United, with a total of 247 appearances for the club. He was a survivor of the Munich air disaster in 1958. Gregg also played for Doncaster Rovers and Stoke City, as well as making 25 appearances for the Northern Ireland national team between 1954 and 1964. He later went into management with Carlisle United, Crewe Alexandra, Shrewsbury Town and Swansea City. Gregg died on 16 February 2020 of a short-illness in Coleraine, County Londonderry, aged 87. Bobby Trainor Robert Trainor (born 25 April 1934) is a Northern Irish retired association footballer. He played for Coleraine F.C., and won 5 Northern Ireland amateur caps (1958–1959), and 2 Irish League caps (1957–1958), and was a non-travelling member of the 1958 World Cup squad. Billy Bingham William Laurence Bingham, (5 August 1931 – 9 June 2022) was a Northern Ireland international footballer and football manager. Career. His first professional club was Glentoran, whom he played for between 1948 and 1950. Between 1951 and 1963, he won 56 caps for Northern Ireland, scoring 10 international goals, and played at the 1958 FIFA World Cup. His management career would be as notable as his playing career. He was appointed manager of Northern Ireland two years later. In 1980, he was re-appointed as Northern Ireland manager, his final position, and a post he would hold for the next thirteen years. He led his nation to the finals of the FIFA World Cup in 1982 and 1986. Death. Bingham died on 9 June 2022 in Southport, England at the age of 90. Peter McParland Peter James McParland MBE (born 25 April 1934) is a former professional footballer. McParland was born in Newry, County Down, Northern Ireland. During his time with Aston Villa, McParland got influenced by Jimmy Hogan, later won the FA Cup in 1957, scoring twice in the final against Manchester United. McParland also won the Second Division title in 1960 and the League Cup in 1961 while with Aston Villa. McParland represented Northern Ireland 34 times and scored twice in his debut against Wales in 1953–54 season. He also starred for Northern Ireland in the 1958 FIFA World Cup in which he scored five goals and helped his team to the quarter-finals. List of prime ministers of Mozambique The following is a list of prime ministers of Mozambique, since the establishment of the office of Prime Minister of Portuguese Mozambique in 1974. Prime ministers of Mozambique (1974–present). ! colspan=8| Portuguese Mozambique ! colspan=8| People's Republic of Mozambique ! colspan=8| Republic of Mozambique Mário da Graça Machungo Mário Fernandes da Graça Machungo (1 December 1940 – 17 February 2020) was a Mozambican politician. He was Planning Minister from at least 1984 to 1986, when he became Prime Minister of the country from 17 July 1986 to 16 December 1994. Machungo died on 17 February 2020 at the age of 79. Carlos Agostinho do Rosário Carlos Agostinho do Rosário (born 26 October 1954) is a Mozambican politician. He has been Prime Minister of Mozambique from 17 January 2015 to 3 March 2022. He is a member of the FRELIMO and works under President Filipe Nyusi. Andrew Weatherall Andrew James Weatherall (6 April 1963 – 17 February 2020) was an English DJ, record producer, and remixer. Weatherall's first studio work was alongside Paul Oakenfold on the club remix of "Hallelujah" for the Happy Mondays. Other remixes followed, notably "World in Motion" for New Order and "Loaded". He formed the electronic music trio The Sabres of Paradise in 1993, starting a record label under the same name. He remixed the work of Björk, Siouxsie, the Orb, The Future Sound of London, New Order, Manic Street Preachers, My Bloody Valentine, James and many others. He produced the album "Tarot Sport" for Fuck Buttons. Weatherall died on 17 February, 2020 aged 56, at a London hospital from a pulmonary embolism. Joan Bennett Kennedy Virginia Joan Kennedy (née Bennett, born September 2, 1936) is an American socialite, singer, author, and former model. She was the first wife of U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy. In July 1969, Ted Kennedy was involved in a car accident at a bridge on Chappaquiddick Island in Massachusetts that resulted in the death of his passenger, Mary Jo Kopechne. Although pregnant and confined to bed in the wake of two previous miscarriages, Joan attended Kopechne's funeral. Three days later, she stood beside her husband in a local court when he pleaded guilty to leaving the scene of an accident. She suffered a third miscarriage soon afterwards. In 1992, she published the book "The Joy of Classical Music: A Guide for You and Your Family". Kennedy has worked with children's charities, remains an accomplished pianist and has taught classical music to children. Terry Lineen Terence Raymond "Terry" Lineen (5 January 1936 – 17 February 2020) was a New Zealand rugby union player. He was a second five-eighth and centre three-quarter. Lineen represented Auckland at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, from 1957 to 1960. He played 35 matches for the All Blacks including 12 internationals. He was born in Auckland, New Zealand. Lineen died on 17 February 2020 in Auckland at the age of 84. Kizito Mihigo Kizito Mihigo (25 July 1981 – 17 February 2020) was a Rwandan gospel singer, songwriter, organist, composer of sacred music, television presenter, genocide survivor, and peace and reconciliation activist. In April 2014, after releasing a critical song challenging the official narrative of the genocide against Tutsis, Mihigo was arrested and charged with planning to oust the government. In February 2015, he was sentenced to 10 years of imprisonment after being convicted of conspiracy against the government of President Paul Kagame. In September 2018, with Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza, Mihigo was released by presidential grace. He killed himself on 17 February 2020 while in police custody in Kigali, aged 38. Giorgi Shengelaia Giorgi Shengelaia (; ; 11 May 1937 – 17 February 2020) was a Georgian and Soviet movie director and screenwriter. He directed 14 movies from 1961 until his death. His 1985 movie "The Journey of a Young Composer" was entered into the 36th Berlin International Film Festival where he won the Silver Bear for Best Director. He was born in Moscow. Shengelaia died on 17 February 2020 in Tbilisi at the age of 82. Workforce productivity is the amount of goods and services that a worker produces in a given amount of time. It is one of several types of productivity that economists measure Copperas Cove, Texas Copperas Cove is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Chandler, Texas Chandler is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Trimble County, Kentucky Trimble County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 8,809. Its county seat is Bedford. ProPublica ProPublica is a non-profit investigative news publication. It was founded in 2007-2008. It provides in-depth reporting of corruption. It informs the public about complex issues in the hope of bringing on reform. Other websites. https://www.propublica.org/about/ Evan Peters Evan Peters (born January 20, 1987) is an American actor. He is known for his roles on "American Horror Story" series and his role of Stan Bowes in the first season of the FX drama "Pose". He is also known for his role as mutant Quicksilver in the superhero movies ' (2014), ' (2016), and "Dark Phoenix" (2019). Daisetta, Texas Daisetta is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Robertson County, Kentucky Robertson County is a county located in the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,282. Its county seat is Mount Olivet. The county was formed on February 11, 1867 and is named after George Robertson, a Kentucky Congressman from 1817 to 1821. It is Kentucky's smallest county by total area and the least populous. Bethany, Missouri Bethany is a city in Missouri, United States. It is the county seat of Harrison County. In 2010, 3,292 people lived there. Mongol mythology Mongol mythology is the ancient religion of Mongolia. Mongolian Gods. The wolf, falcon, deer and horse were important symbolic animals. Lu Andrade Luciana Andrade (Varginha, 18 September 1978), better known as Lu Andrade, is a Brazilian singer, songwriter and presenter. In 2002 she won the talent show "Popstars" and joined the Brazilian girl group "Rouge" until 2004, with which she recorded two of the four studio albums released in the group's career, Rouge (2002) and C'est La Vie (2003). In 2004 she left the band alleging lack of identification with the group's musical style, which sold a total of 6 million copies and became the most successful female group in Brazil and one of the twenty that sold the most in the world. In 2004, after leaving the group, Luciana returned to her parents' home in Varginha, where she stayed for a few months without giving statements to the press. In 2005 she returned to São Paulo to study music and improve her musical ideology. She worked as a supporting vocal for Negra Li, Nasi, Furto, Forgotten Boys, Sérgio Britto, and Eric Silver. In 2007 Luciana was invited to become a reporter for the "Show Total" program, on the subscription channel TVA, where she stayed until 2009. In 2010 she made her debut on the stage of the theater in the musical "Into The Woods", Brazilian version of Broadway. In 2012 he debuts his second tour, entitled Tour O Amor eo Tempo. In 2012 he released his first single, "Mind and Heart", releasing the second, "Amanheceu", in 2014. In 2015 she formed the project Duo Elétrico together with guitarist Ciro Visconti, playing several covers of rock bands, in addition to becoming the vocalist of the return of the band Aries on the commemorative tour of 25 years. In 2016, reconciling with her work in music, she became a presenter of the program Programa Acesso Cultural, shown online, in addition to becoming a singing instructor at the Conservatory Souza Lima, where she had studied music 15 years before. In 2017, she returned to the Rouge group for initially four shows as part of the Chá da Alice project, and shortly thereafter, she joined the group definitively, starting in 2018 a tour with the group, in addition to releasing a new single. In 2018 integrates the participants of the talent show Dancing Brasil. Suheil al-Hassan Suheil Salman al-Hassan (Arabic: سهيل الحسن‎) (born 10 June 1970), nicknamed The Tiger, is a Brigadier General in the Syrian Army, currently serving as commander of its elite Tiger Forces. He graduated from the Syrian Arab Air Force academy in 1991, and served in many units of the Syrian Arab Air Forces and Air Defence Command, completing several training courses. After serving in the Syrian Arab Air Force and Syrian Arab Air Defence units, he joined the Air Force Intelligence service, where he was responsible for the training of the elements of the Special Operations Section. During the Syrian Civil War, Suheil al-Hassan has served and commanded his troops during several major engagements, including Operation Canopus Star and the battle for the Shaer gas field. He is part of the new generation of field Syrian army commanders who emerged during the civil war. French newspaper "Le Monde" has claimed he could be a rival to Assad as leader of Syria. al-Hassan was described by analysts as preferring Russia (as opposed to Iran) to serve as the Syrian Government's main ally during the Syrian Civil War and subsequent post-war reconstruction. His position is contrasted by Maher al-Assad, brother of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and head of Syria's Republican Guard and 4th Armoured Division, who is reported as preferring Iran. His great friend Sari Hemeche is also one of the strongest officers in the Syrian Arab Army List of cartographers Cartography is the study of map making and cartographers are map makers. 20th century. Assistant Professor of Geography, Directorate of Collegiate Education, Government of Kerala, India is a notable Online Geographer and a Web Cartographer and well known for his contribution. Since 2011 and still flourishing. Jay Sean Kamaljit Singh Jhooti (born 26 March 1981), better known by his stage name Jay Sean, is an English singer-songwriter, record producer, and arranger. His singles "Maybe" and "Ride It" were released in the 2000s and topped the UK Singles Chart. His single "Down" featuring rapper Lil Wayne, was released on 31 May 2009 and his first single released in America. He also collaborated with Alesha Dixon. Wretch 32 Jermaine Scott Sinclair (born 9 March 1985), better known by his stage name Wretch 32, is an English rapper, singer, and songwriter. Since 2010, he was signed to Ministry of Sound, but he left the label in 2016 and signed himself to Polydor. He worked with Alesha Dixon on her single "Stop" and WSTRN. Chip (rapper) Jahmmal Noel Fyffe (born 26 November 1990), better known by his stage name Chip (or Chipmunk), is a British rapper. In the past 14 years he has collaborated with the likes of Skepta, T.I., Meek Mill, Young Adz and many others. His single "Diamond Rings" (produced by Naughty Boy) features Emeli Sandé. One of his singles is a collaboration with Chris Brown, called "Champion". He released his first album "I Am Chipmunk" in 2009. He released his second album "Transition" in 2011. He released his third album "League of My Own II" in 2017. He released his fourth album "Ten10" on 21 September 2018. Thomas Klestil Thomas Klestil (4 November 1932 – 6 July 2004) was an Austrian politician and diplomat. He served as president of Austria from 1992 until his death in 2004. He was re-elected in 1998. He was a member of the People's Party. Klestil was born in Vienna. He got divorced from his first wife Edith Wielander in 1998. That same year, Klestil married diplomat Margot Löffler. On 5 July 2004, three days before he was to leave office, Klestil had either a heart attack or heart failure. It may have been caused by his long-term lung problems. He was left in critical condition at a Viennese hospital. On 6 July, he died of multiple organ failure. He was 71. Flavio Bucci Flavio Bucci (25 May 1947 – 18 February 2020) was an Italian actor. He was born in Turin. He began his screen acting career in 1971. He is known for movie roles such as Daniel, the blind pianist, in Dario Argento's "Suspiria" (1977), and Blackie in Aldo Lado's "Night Train Murders" (1975). His other movie appearances include "The Working Class Goes to Heaven" (1971), "Property Is No Longer a Theft" (1973), "To Love the Damned" (1980), "The Homeless One" (1981), "Dream of a Summer Night" (1983), "The Two Lives of Mattia Pascal" (1985) and "Il Divo" (2008). On 18 February 2020, Bucci died of a heart attack in Fiumicino. He was 72. Dark Phoenix (movie) Dark Phoenix, known also as X-Men: Dark Phoenix, is a 2019 epic drama superhero film, the seventh film of the mainline of the X-Men film series and the overral twelfth film of the series. The movie, despite its disappointing box office opening, had a pretty good success at box office grossing €252,4 billions and becoming one of the biggest recessed 2019 films. Despite the mixed reviews of film critics, it was positively welcomed from audience and fans who praised its story, emotional weight, character development, actors's performances (especially those of Turner and Fassbender), Zimmer's musical score, action scenes and special effects, although the presence and performance of Chastain, Quicksilver's screen time and the short runtime were criticizied. Liminka Liminka () is a municipality in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. As of 31 January 2019, it had 10,149 people living there. The neighbouring municipalities are Kempele, Lumijoki, Muhos, Oulunsalo, Siikajoki, Siikalatva, Tyrnävä and Vaala. Liminka was founded in 1477. Climate sensitivity The Earth is getting warmer because people are putting greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This is called the greenhouse effect because a greenhouse stops some of the sun's heat from escaping, and these gases stop some heat escaping from Earth. The greenhouse gas which makes the most warming is carbon dioxide (short name CO2), and burning coal is the biggest thing which puts it in the atmosphere. Climate sensitivity means how much the Earth will warm when a certain amount of CO2 is released into the atmosphere. Usually it means how much warmer the Earth would be if the atmosphere had twice as much CO2 as the year 1750, before people started burning lots of coal. Scientists think that when CO2 in the atmosphere doubles an extra 4 joules of heat gets trapped every second on every square metre on Earth, and that after a long time the Earth will be about 3 °C hotter. How sensitive is the climate? Climate scientists don't know the climate sensitivity very well but they think it is probably between 1.5 °C and 4.5 °C. So if the atmosphere had twice as much CO2 as it had in 1750 then Earth would likely be between 1.5 °C and 4.5 °C warmer, after thousands of years. How do we know? There are three ways to try to find out the climate sensitivity. The first way is to look at the temperature measurements made each year since 1750 and compare them with measurements of how much greenhouse gas was in the atmosphere at the same time. The second way is to try and work out how much greenhouse gas there was and what the temperature was in the distant past before people started measuring them. For example by measuring how much CO2 is in tiny bubbles of air trapped deep in ice sheets thousands of years ago. The third way is to make models of the climate system in computers. Why is it important to know better how sensitive the climate is? The Paris Agreement is to keep global warming below 2 °C. If the climate is very sensitive this will be very difficult, so maybe people and countries should change to using cleaner energy more quickly. But if the climate is not very sensitive perhaps it would be a waste of money to stop using the coal burning power stations which are still almost new. So it is very important to find out more exactly what the climate sensitivity is. Why is it difficult to find out? It is difficult to find out how sensitive the climate is, because after the greenhouse effect makes the Earth a little bit warmer there are a lot of different kinds of feedbacks, which can make the warming faster or slower. For example the warmth evaporates more water from the sea, and this water vapor is itself a greenhouse gas, which makes the Earth even warmer. Scientists are fairly sure that most feedback makes the warming faster: but because the feedback is so complicated they don't understand very well, and sometimes their computers are not fast enough to do enough calculations to get a good answer. The project where they work together to understand better is called the Coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP). One of the things they are trying to understand better is clouds, because they might make a big difference. Different ways to talk about climate sensitivity. People who are thinking about the 21st century might talk about climate sensitivity differently to people who are thinking about thousands of years in the future. When the CO2 stops increasing. If the CO2 increases gradually by 1% each year the "transient climate response" (TCR) is the increase in temperature by the year when it has doubled. This is likely between 1 °C and 2.5 °C. Because this is a bit like what might happen this century this might be the most useful way for most people to talk about climate sensitivity when they are talking about the Paris Agreement. When the temperature of the ocean balances the temperature of the atmosphere. But most of the extra heat warms up the oceans, and after the CO2 has stopped increasing some of this heat leaves the oceans and keeps on slowly warming up the atmosphere for thousands of years. The "equilibrium climate sensitivity" (ECS) is the temperature the Earth would get to once the atmosphere had got back in balance with the oceans, if the CO2 stopped increasing but stayed at the double level. Boyle County, Kentucky Boyle County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 28,432. Its county seat is Danville. McCracken County, Kentucky McCracken County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 65,565. Its county seat is Paducah. Forney, Texas Forney is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. Shell Lake, Wisconsin Shell Lake is a city of Wisconsin in the United States. It is the county seat of Washburn County. Alma, Wisconsin Alma is a city in Wisconsin in the United States. It is the county seat of Buffalo County. Mondovi, Wisconsin Mondovi is a city of Wisconsin in the United States. Port Edwards, Wisconsin Port Edwards is a village in Wood County, Wisconsin in the United States. Port Edwards (town), Wisconsin Port Edwards is a town in Wood County, Wisconsin in the United States. Saratoga, Wisconsin Saratoga is a town of Wisconsin in the United States. Miyakoan language The Miyakoan language (宮古口/ミャークフツ "Myākufutsu/Myākufutsї" ] or 島口/スマフツ "Sumafutsu/Sїmafutsї") is a Ryukyuan language spoken in the Miyako Islands of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. As most of its speakers are over the age of 60, it's assumed that Miyako has anywhere between 10,000-15,000 speakers. 2020 Daytona 500 The 2020 Daytona 500 was a NASCAR Cup Series race held on February 16-17, 2020. The race lasted 209 laps on the asphalt superspeedway. However, the race was originally going to be 200 laps. It was the first race of the 2020 NASCAR Cup Series season. The race was started by President of the United States Donald Trump, who served as Grand Marshal, and the opening lap was paced by the official Presidential state car. Popular wrestler Sheamus drove the pace car for the opening laps. Two-time winner of the race Dale Earnhardt Jr. waved the green flag to officially start the race. The race was to start February 16, but never-ending rain showers stopped the race on lap 20. The race was moved 4 p.m. on February 17, 2020. This being the second, he first time was in 2012. Lots of the race was good until lap 185, a crash involved at least 20 cars on the backstretch. The race was stopped because of the crash. Denny Hamlin won the race by 0.014 seconds over Ryan Blaney on the second restart in overtime. Chris Buescher, David Ragan, and Kevin Harvick rdid not make it in the top five. On the final lap, Ryan Newman was involved in a serious crash and was immediately rushed to a local hospital. He was seriously injured in the crash, but the injuries are not believed to be life-threatening. Race. Stage Results. Stage One "Laps:" 65 Stage Two "Laps:" 65 Final Stage Results. Stage Three "Laps:" 70 Post-race. Right after the race was done, Hamlin and his crew did not know how serious Newman's crash. Instead, they started to celebrate the win, When he exited his car, the crowd booed him both on the infield grass and again in victory lane. Joe Gibbs gave an apology for the team's celebration, with Hamlin saying he was first notified when NASCAR canceled the tradition of interviewing the winner on the front-stretch before driving his car to victory lane Crown Heights, New York Crown Heights is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Dutchess County, New York, United States. Dover Plains, New York Dover Plains is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Dutchess County, New York, United States. Spencer County, Kentucky Spencer County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,061. Its county seat is Taylorsville. The county was formed in 1824 and named for Kentucky's Captain Spier Spencer, who fought and died in the Battle of Tippecanoe. Charles Portis Charles McColl Portis (December 28, 1933 – February 17, 2020) was an American writer. His best known novels are "Norwood" (1966) and the classic Western "True Grit" (1968). Two "True Grit" movies have been made, released in 1969 and 2010. "Norwood" was also made into a 1970 movie. He also wrote "The Dog of the South" (1979) and "Gringos" (1991). Portis has been described as "one of the most inventively comic writers of Western fiction." Portis was born in El Dorado, Arkansas. He died in Little Rock, Arkansas on February 17, 2020 due to Alzheimer's disease. He was 86. Professor Green Stephen Paul Manderson (born 27 November 1983), better known by his stage name Professor Green, is an English rapper, singer, actor, television personality and mental health activist. Green went on to become a multi-platinum artist, with 3.5 million combined sales in the UK. He is the former co-host of "Lip Sync Battle UK" on Channel 5. His autobiography featured on the "Times" bestseller list. He also is the patron of the suicide prevention charity CALM. Ava Max Amanda Ava Koci (born 16 February 1994), better known by her stage name Ava Max, is an American singer with Albanian parents. She shot to prominence with her single "Sweet but Psycho" which was her breakthrough hit and became a big song. She has released other singles such as "So Am I" and "Torn". "Sweet but Psycho" charted at number 15 on Swedish Sverigetopplistan. She performs pop and dance-pop. Career. Max featured on Le Youth's single "Clap Your Hands" in 2017. On 20 April 2018, Max released her debut single on Atlantic Records. She also released a single with G4SHI on May 11. On 16 November 2018, she released her third solo single "Sweet but Psycho". It was her first official hit and became big. She then released "So Am I" in early March 2019. She released "Torn" on 19 August 2019. It sampled an ABBA 1976 song. Discography. 2018: "Sweet but Psycho" 2019: "So Am I" 2019: "Torn" Wiley (musician) Richard Cowie (born 19 January 1979 in London), better known by his stage name Wiley and in his early career Wiley Kat, is a British rapper and record producer. He is known for making grime music. He is from the group Roll Deep. Wiley was regarded as the "Godfather of Grime". He had hit singles such as "Wot Do U Call It?", "Boasty", "Take That", "Wearing My Rolex", and "Heatwave". He has collaborated with artists such as Emeli Sandé, Ed Sheeran, Skepta, Dizzee Rascal, Tinchy Stryder, and Dot Rotten. He was a member of the UK garage band Pay As U Go. Justin Tranter Justin Tranter (born 16 June 1980) is an American musician and jewellery designer. He has co-wrote songs for Julia Michaels. History. Justin Tranter was born on 16 June 1980. He has co-wrote Julia Michaels' "Issues" (2017). Adam F Adam F (born Adam Fenton on 8 February 1972) is a British DJ and music producer. He has collaborated with the likes of artists, including LL Cool J, M.O.P, and Redman. He makes drum and bass, electronica, and hip hop music. He is the co-founder of the record label "Breakbeat Kaos" and founded it with DJ Fresh. T.I. Clifford Harris Jr. (born September 25, 1980), known by his stage name T.I. and his alter ego T.I.P, is an American rapper, record producer and actor. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia. Albums. T.I. released his first album, "I'm Serious", in 2001. In 2003, he began to gain popularity with the release of his second album "Trap Muzik". T.I. later founded Grand Hustle Records. In 2004, he appeared as a featured artist on Destiny's Child's top ten single "Soldier", which also featured Lil Wayne. T.I.'s sixth album, "Paper Trail" (2008), became his most successful album to date. It sold 568,000 copies in the United States in its first-week sales and became T.I.'s third chart topping album in a row. It included three international hit singles "Whatever You Like", "Live Your Life" (featuring Rihanna) and "Dead and Gone". Awards. In 2009, "Billboard" ranked him as the 27th Artist of the 2000s decade. During his career, T.I. has won three Grammy Awards. His musical influences are Lil Wayne, YoungBloodz, and more. T.I. is called the King of the South. Movies. T.I. also starred in the movies "ATL" (2006), "Takers" (2010) and "Identity Thief". He is also a published author, having written two novels "Power & Beauty" (2011) and "Trouble & Triumph" (2012), which were both released to moderate success. Personal life. In 2010, T.I. married Tameka Cottle of the girl group Xscape. They have three children: two sons and a daughter. The couple starred in the reality television show "T.I. & Tiny the Family Hustle". Linda P. Johnson Linda Kay Pennell Johnson (May 2, 1945 – February 18, 2020) was an American politician. She was a Republican. She served as a member of the North Carolina House of Representatives from 2001 until her death in 2020. She represented North Carolina's 74th, 82nd, 83rd and 90th districts during her term. Outside of politics, she was a computer analyst and tax accountant. Johnson died of a stroke while battling cancer on February 18, 2020. She was 74. Fernando Morán (politician) Fernando Morán López (25 March 1926 – 19 February 2020) was a Spanish diplomat and politician. He was a member of the Socialist Workers' Party. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1982 to 1985. From 1985 to 1987, Morán served as the Spanish representative at the United Nations. He served as a member of the European Parliament from 1987 to 1999. Morán was born in Avilés, Asturias. He died on 19 February 2020 in Madrid, at the age of 93. Novena MRT station Novena MRT station (NS20) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station. It is part of the North South Line. It's located at Thomson Road in Novena, Singapore. It is the nearest MRT station to hospitals like Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital. Malls like Novena Square, Square 2 and United Square are located nearby. History. The station preliminary name is Thomson Road. It was renamed to Novena in 1985. The station was named after the popular weekly Novena prayer meetings at a nearby Catholic church called Church of Saint Alphonsus. The more common name of the church is ovena Church. The term "Novena" comes from Latin word "Novem", The Latin word means nine. In this case it refers to prayers said for nine consecutive days. The passenger service centre of the station do not accept cash payment from 23 June 2018 onwards. Cultural impact. The station area used to be a site of Jewish cemetry. It is rumored to be haunted. Sonja Ziemann Sonja Alice Selma Toni Ziemann (8 February 1926 – 17 February 2020) was a German actress. She appeared on screen and on stage. Her movie credits include "The Black Forest Girl" (1950), "The Heath Is Green" (1951), "The Secret Ways" (1961) and "The Bridge at Remagen" (1969). Ziemann was born in Eichwalde. She was married three times. Her son, Pierre (1953–1970), died of cancer at the age of 16. On 17 February 2020, Ziemann died in Munich. She was 94. Tapas Paul Tapas Paul (29 September 1958 – 18 February 2020) was an Indian actor and politician. He is known for acting in "Dadar Kirti", "Bhalobasa Bhalobasa", "Anurager Choyan", "Amar Bandhan", "Guru Dakshina", "Uttara" and "Mondo Meyer Upakhyan". Outside of acting, he served as an MLA (2001–2009) and an MP (2009–2019). Paul was born in Chandannagar, West Bengal. On 18 February 2020, he died due to cardiac arrest in Mumbai, Maharastra. He was 61. Mickey Wright Mary Kathryn "Mickey" Wright (February 14, 1935 – February 17, 2020) was an American professional golfer. She played on the LPGA Tour. She became a member of the tour in 1955 and won 82 LPGA Tour career events. Of her 13 major championships, four were U.S. Women's Opens. She was a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame. Wright was born in San Diego, California. She died of a heart attack on February 17, 2020 in Florida. She was 85. Ja'Net DuBois Janet T. DuBois (August 5, 1932 – February 17, 2020), better known as Ja'Net DuBois, was an American actress, and singer. She was best known for her role as Willona Woods in the sitcom "Good Times" (1974–1979). DuBois co-wrote and sang the theme song "Movin' on Up" for television series "The Jeffersons". She also won two Primetime Emmy Awards for her voice work in "The PJs". DuBois was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She grew up in Amityville, New York, on Long Island. She had four children. DuBois died on February 17, 2020 in Glendale, California of cardiac arrest. She also had hypertension, peripheral artery disease and kidney disease. Fairview, Dutchess County, New York Fairview is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Dutchess County, New York, United States. Haviland, New York Haviland is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Dutchess County, New York, United States. Kedge Business School Kedge Business School is a European higher studies establishment. The school is in 7 places, in Paris, Bordeaux, Marseille, Toulon, Dakar, Suzhou and Shanghai. It was founded in 2013. Kedge is specialist in the fields of economics, social sciences and management. List of U.S. cities named after their state This is a list of U.S. cities (or census-designated areas) named after the state they are in. Locations which are no longer functioning cities (including former cities and present ghost towns) are marked with an asterisk (*). Spiral (2021 movie) Spiral: From The Book of Saw, or simply Spiral, is a 2021 American horror movie. The movie is the ninth installment in the "Saw" franchise. It was directed by Darren Lynn Bousman, and written by Josh Stolberg and Peter Goldfinger. The movie stars Chris Rock, Samuel L. Jackson, Max Minghella, and Marisol Nichols. Alwin Brück Alwin Brück (23 September 1931 – 14 February 2020) was a German politician. He was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He was Parliamentary Secretary of the Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development from 1974 to 1982. He also was Deputy of the Bundestag from 1965 to 1969 and Substitute Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from 1969 to 1970. Brück was born in Heusweiler, Germany. Brück died on 14 February 2020 at the age of 88. John Shrapnel John Shrapnel (27 April 1942 – 14 February 2020) was an English actor. He was born in Birmingham, Warwickshire. His best known roles were as Mr. Skinner in "101 Dalmatians" (1996), as Senator Gaius in "Gladiator" (2000) and as Nestor in "Troy" (2004). Shrapnel died on 14 February 2020 at his London home from cancer, aged 77. Masao Takahashi Masao Takahashi (June 24, 1929 – February 14, 2020) was a Canadian judoka, author and coach. He was born in Stave Falls, British Columbia, Canada. Takahashi was the founder of the Takahashi School of Martial Arts. He was involved in judo for more than 70 years, and was ranked "hachi-dan" (eighth-degree black belt), making him one of the highest ranked Canadian judoka. In 2002 he was decorated by the Emperor of Japan with the Order of the Sacred Treasure. He was added into the Judo Canada Hall of Fame in 1998. Takahashi died on February 14, 2020 in Ottawa at the age of 90. Zoe Caldwell Zoe Ada Caldwell, OBE (14 September 1933 – 16 February 2020) was an Australian actress. She was born in Melbourne, Victoria. She won four Tony Awards for "Slapstick Tragedy" (1966), "The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie" (1968), "Medea" (1982), and "Master Class" (1996). Her movie roles include "The Purple Rose of Cairo" (1985), "Birth" (2004), and "Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close" (2011). She was also known for having provided the voice of the Grand Councilwoman in "Lilo & Stitch" franchise. Caldwell died in Pound Ridge, New York on 16 February 2020, aged 86, of Parkinson's disease-related problems. Pound Ridge, New York Pound Ridge is a town in Westchester County, New York. The population was 5,104 at the 2010 census. Kellye Nakahara Kellye Nakahara (January 16, 1948 – February 16, 2020) was an American actress. She was best known for playing Nurse Kealani Kellye in 165 episodes of the television comedy "M*A*S*H". She was born in Oahu, Hawaii. Nakahara died from cancer at her home in Pasadena, California on February 16, 2020, at age 72. Owen Bieber Owen Frederick Bieber (; December 28, 1929 – February 17, 2020) was an American labor union activist. He was president of the United Auto Workers (UAW) from 1983 to 1995. He was born in Dorr Township, Michigan. Bieber died on February 17, 2020 in Detroit at the age of 90. Dorr Township, Michigan Dorr Township is a civil township of Allegan County in the southwest of the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 7,439 at the 2010 census. Allegan County, Michigan Allegan County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. The 2010 United States Census says the population is 111,408. The county seat is Allegan. Allegan, Michigan Allegan is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,998 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Allegan County. Ror Wolf Ror Wolf (born Richard Georg Wolf, 29 June 1932 – 17 February 2020) was a German writer, poet, and artist. He also published under the pseudonym Raoul Tranchirer. He wrote audio plays, novels, and poems and made collages. Wolf was born in Saalfeld, Thuringia. Wolf became contributing editor of literature for the Hessischer Rundfunk broadcaster for two years. He worked freelance from 1963. His first novel appeared in 1964. He was awarded the Hörspielpreis der Kriegsblinden in 1988. Wolf lived in Mainz, Germany. He died on 17 February 2020 at the age of 87. Kishori Ballal Kishori Ballal (1937/1938 – 18 February 2020) was an Indian actress. She was known for her works in Kannada cinema. Ballal was born in Karnataka, India. Her best known works were "Gair Kaanooni", "Ek Alag Mausam" and in "Aakramana". Ballal died at a hospital in Bengaluru, India on 18 February 2020 at the age of 82. Jammu and Kashmir (union territory) Jammu and Kashmir is the northern union territory of India. The union territory of Jammu and Kashmir is separated by the Line of Control from the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan in the west and north respectively. It shares border with Himachal Pradesh and Punjab and to the west of Ladakh. Under Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, which was passed by both houses of the Parliament of India in August 2019, Jammu and Kashmir (state) was divided in two union territories namely Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. Jon Christensen Jon Ivar Christensen (20 March 1943 – 18 February 2020) was a Norwegian jazz drummer and composer. Christensen was born in Oslo. In the late 1960s Christensen played alongside Jan Garbarek on several recordings by the composer George Russell. He, along with Jan Garbarek and Palle Danielsson, was a member of the legendary Keith Jarrett "European Quartet" of the 1970s which produced five excellent jazz recordings on ECM Records. He was married to actress, minister, and theater director Ellen Horn. He was the father of singer and actress Emilie Stoesen Christensen. Christensen died in Oslo on 18 February 2020 at the age of 76. Max Baer Jr. Maximilian Adalbert Baer Jr. (born December 4, 1937) is an American actor, screenwriter, producer, and director. He is best known for playing Jethro Bodine on "The Beverly Hillbillies". He directed the 1979 comedy "Hometown U.S.A." before retiring to his home at Lake Tahoe, Nevada. With the 2015 death of "The Beverly Hillbillies" co-star Donna Douglas, Baer is the only surviving cast member. Bob Bell Robert Lewis Bell (January 18, 1922 – December 8, 1997), better known as Bob Bell, was an American actor. He was famous for his role as Bozo the Clown on "The Bozo Show". He was born in Flint, Michigan, but raised in Deerfield, Illinois. Bell died at his home in Lake San Marcos, California on December 8, 1997 from congestive heart failure, aged 75. Lake San Marcos, California Lake San Marcos is a census-designated place (CDP) in the North County region of the San Diego metropolitan area. It is nominally independent of San Marcos proper. It is a resort-based community surrounding the Lake San Marcos reservoir. It is located at (33.122562, -117.209411). Frazier Thomas William Frazier Thomas (June 13, 1918 – April 3, 1985) was an American television personality and writer. Thomas wrote nine children's books, he was best known for creating, hosting, writing and producing the long-running children's television program "Garfield Goose and Friends" on WGN-TV. Bill Jackson (television personality) Bill Ray Jackson (September 15, 1935 – January 17, 2022) was an American television personality, cartoonist and educator. He was best known for having hosted the children's programs "The BJ and Dirty Dragon Show" and "Gigglesnort Hotel". Jackson died on January 17, 2022 in Paso Robles, California from problems caused by COVID-19 at the age of 86. Unionville, Missouri Unionville is a city in Putnam County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,865 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Putnam County. Geography and climate. Unionville is located at (40.476421, -93.006005). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. Frances Horwich Frances Rappaport Horwich (born Frances Rappaport; 16 July 1907 – 22 July 2001) was, as Miss Frances, was an American television personality and educator. She was the host of the US children's television program, "Ding Dong School". Horwich died of congestive heart failure on 22 July 2001 in Scottsdale, Arizona at the age of 94. Ottawa, Ohio Ottawa is a small village and county seat of Putnam County, Ohio, United States. The population was 4,460 at the 2010 census. Fran Allison Frances Helen Allison (November 20, 1907 – June 13, 1989) was an American television and radio personality and singer. She was best known for her starring role on the weekday NBC-TV puppet show "Kukla, Fran and Ollie," which ran from 1947–57. Mary Hartline Mary Pauline Hartline (October 29, 1926 – August 12, 2020) was an American model and actress. She became one of television's early stars. Hartline was born in Hillsboro, Illinois. In 1946, she was cast in ABC radio's "Teen Town" (originally, "Junior Junction") (or vice versa; references disagree). In 1949, the ABC television network picked up the local show, "Super Circus", which was also produced by Stokes. Hartline moved to "Super Circus" where her looks and figure made her a sex symbol. Hartline died on August 12, 2020 in Hillsboro, Illinois at the age of 93. Burr Tillstrom Franklin Burr Tillstrom (October 13, 1917 – December 6, 1985) was an American television personality and puppeteer. He was the creator of "Kukla, Fran and Ollie". After the original series ended in 1957, Tillstrom continued to work with the Kuklapolitans. Early in 1958, Tillstrom appeared with the puppets on Polly Bergen's short-lived NBC variety show, "The Polly Bergen Show". In 1978 Kukla, Burr and Ollie joined the Broadway cast of "Side by Side by Sondheim", a revue of Stephen Sondheim songs. Elaine Mulqueen Elaine Mulqueen (January 27, 1932 – May 22, 2012) was an American children's television host and personality. She was born in Chicago. Mulqueen's career in television began in 1962, when she appeared in commercials for Coca-Cola on "Bozo's Circus". In 1963, Elaine Mulqueen and her husband began hosting "The Mulqueens" on WGN-TV. Elaine Mulqueen appeared on stage as a pixie-like character named Pandora. In 1965, the program moved to WBKB-TV (now WLS-TV), and the show was renamed "Mulqueen's Kiddie A-Go-Go". On May 22, 2012, Mulqueen died from cancer of unknown primary origin in Chicago at the age of 80. Western Sydney Airport The Western Sydney Airport (also known as Badgerys Creek Airport) is an airport in the suburb of in Sydney, Australia. The airport is planned to be a 24 hour, curfew-free airport. It would most likely be completed in 2026. The site was officially designed by the Federal Government on 15 April 2014, after years of debate on the location for another airport within the Sydney basin. The site is within from the Blue Mountains National Park and lies to the east to Warragamba Dam, Sydney's largest drinking water catchment. Salvadoran Civil War The Salvadorian Civil War was fought from 1979 to 1992 between the government of El Salvador and left-wing rebels. Cordaitales Cordaitales are an extinct order of woody plants. They are gymnosperms which may have been early conifers. They had cone-like reproductive structures rather like those of modern conifers. The Cordaitales appeared during the Carboniferous period. They made big trees which were common on drier ground in tropical environments. Also, some tall trees and some shrubby mangrove-like species of Cordaitales seem to have grown in the Carboniferous coal swamps. Cordaitales were also abundant during the Permian, but died out at the end of the Permian. Many Cordiatales had elongated strap-like leaves, which look like the leaves of some modern-day conifers of the Araucariaceae and Podocarpaceae. Podocarpaceae Podocarpaceae is a large family of mainly Southern Hemisphere conifers. There are about 156 species of evergreen trees and shrubs. It has up to 19 genera. The distribution of this family suggests its early evolution took place in the ancient southern continent of Gondwana. The family is a member of the Antarctic flora. Its main centres of diversity are in Australasia, particularly New Caledonia, Tasmania, and New Zealand. They are also in Malesia and South America (mainly in the Andes mountains). Several genera extend north of the equator into Indochina and the Philippines. "Podocarpus" goes as far north as southern Japan and southern China in Asia, and Mexico in the Americas, and "Nageia" into southern China and southern India. Two genera also occur in sub-Saharan Africa, the widespread "Podocarpus" and the endemic "Afrocarpus". "Parasitaxus usta" is unique as the only known parasitic gymnosperm. It occurs on New Caledonia, where it is parasitic on another member of the Podocarpaceae, "Falcatifolium taxoides". Hillary Clinton email controversy The Hillary Clinton email controversy refers to Hillary Clinton using US Government Confidential, Secret, Top Secret and Classified emails she kept on a third-party unsecured server. This controversy began in March 2015 during her tenure as the US Secretary of State (2009-2013). This sparked interest and momentum during Clinton's 2016 presidential election campaign for the President of the United States. Lynden Pindling Sir Lynden Oscar Pindling (21 March 193026 August 2000), is thought to be the founder of the nation in the Bahamas. He served various jobs that helped the nation eventually gain its independence. Early life. Pindling was born in Nassau, Bahamas, in the British West Indies on March 21, 1929. He eventually graduated from King's College London where he earned a degree in law. He later married Marguerite McKenzie. Middle life. In 1954, Pindling helped found the Progressive Liberal Party in the Bahamas. This party was formed mainly to overthrow the white-run colonial United Bahamian Party. In 1967 he was elected Premier of the Bahamas Islands and worked to give the Bahamas independence. He became Prime Minister of an independent Bahamas in 1973 were he worked to stop heavy British influence in the country. Later life. Pindling would continue his job as Prime Minister until 1992. Throughout his later time in term he would be accused of corruption and protecting drug dealers. In the 1980's the economy dropped heavily and many people lost faith in their prime minister. They decided to elect Hubert Ingraham to replace Pindling. Pindling eventually died August 26, 2000 due to cancer. He was 71 years old when he died. United States Space Force The United States Space Force (USSF) is a part of the U.S. Armed Forces. It is focused on war in space. It is the sixth branch of the U.S. military. It is a part of the Department of the Air Force, one of the three parts of the Department of Defense. Because of this, the Space Force is led by the Secretary of the Air Force, who is under the Secretary of Defense. The leader of the Space Force is called the Chief of Space Operations. History. On June 18, 2018, President Donald Trump announced in an address to the National Space Council a directive that requests the creation of a sixth branch of the United States Armed Forces. The president announced his intention for The Pentagon to create the 'Space Force' as an independent service branch, separate from the United States Air Force. However, Trump's then Defense Secretary James Mattis and Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson think it is a bad idea because it is "complex" and will override the Air Force's job. Many US Senators stated they would rather create a Space Corps inside the Air Force. The Air Force has had a "Space Command" since September 1, 1982. General John W. Raymond is nominated to be commander of Space Command in April 2019. His nomination will be heard in United State Senate in June 2019. He was previously head of U.S. Air Force Space Command. Vice President Mike Pence in August 2018 announced a plan that would create the Space Force by 2020. On 20 December 2019, the Space Force became the sixth armed service branch. General John W. Raymond became the first Chief of Space Operations. Air Force Secretary Barbara Barrett approved the moving of part of the Air Force to the Space Force and making it the Space Operations Command. This happened on 20 December 2019. Functions and duties. Functions. The United States Space Force Act says that it will exist to make sure that the United States can operate freely in space. It ensures that they can conduct military actions in space quickly and for a long time. Duties. Its duties are to protect the interests of the United States in space. It also prevents attacks on the United States in and from space, and to generally operate in space. Organization. The Space Force is one of two equal parts of the Department of the Air Force. The other one is the United States Air Force. Both are run by the Secretary of the Air Force. The leader of the Space Force is the Chief of Space Operations (CSO), who is a general. The Chief of Space Operations will become a member of the Joint Staff one year after the Space Force Act was passed. About 16,000 Air Force members are going to become part of the Space Force while the branch becomes part of the U.S. Armed Forces. It will have its own way of training members, and will create uniforms, ranks, logo, patch, awards, and an official song. This is supposed to happen within 18 months after the Space Force became independent. Structure. Space Operations Command (SPOC), Vandenberg Air Force Base, California Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC), Los Angeles Air Force Base, California Walter Bahr Walter Alfred Bahr (April 1, 1927 – June 18, 2018) was an American professional soccer player. He was thought to be one of the greatest ever in his country. He was the long-time captain of the U.S. national team and played in the 1950 FIFA World Cup. Bahr died on June 18, 2018, in Boalsburg, Pennsylvania, from complications related to a broken hip, aged 91. Boalsburg, Pennsylvania Boalsburg is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Harris Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the State College, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 3,722 at the 2010 census. Zhao Nanqi Zhao Nanqi (; Korean: 조남기; Cho Namgi; 20 April 1927 – 17 June 2018) was a Chinese general and politician. He served in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) Jilin Military District and as Vice Governor of Jilin province. He later served in top leadership positions in the PLA as Director of the People's Liberation Army General Logistics Department (1987 to 1992), member of the Central Military Commission, and President of the PLA Academy of Military Science (1992 to 1995). He was promoted to the rank of general in 1988. From 1998 to 2003 he served as a Vice Chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Zhao Nanqi died in Beijing on 17 June 2018, at the age of 91. Engelbert Humperdinck (singer) Engelbert Humperdinck (born Arnold George Dorsey; 2 May 1936) is an English pop singer and pianist. His singles "Release Me" and "The Last Waltz" both were at the top of the UK music charts in 1967. It sold more than a million copies each. In North America, he also had chart successes with "After the Lovin'" (1976) and "This Moment in Time" (1979). Kostas Politis Konstantinos "Kostas" Politis (; 21 March 1942 – 18 June 2018) was a Greek professional basketball player and coach. He was born in Athens. Politis played with Panathinaikos, and with them he won 3 Greek League championships, in the years 1967, 1969, and 1971. Politis also played with the senior men's Greek national basketball team. Politis died on 18 June 2018 in Athens at the age of 76. XXXTentacion Jahseh Dwayne Ricardo Onfroy (January 23, 1998 – June 18, 2018), known professionally as XXXTentacion () (sometimes stylized as xxxtentacion or XXXTENTACION and referred to colloquially as X), was an American rapper, singer, and songwriter. Born in Plantation, Florida, Onfroy spent most of his childhood in Lauderhill. His parents are Jamaican. He began writing music after being released from a juvenile detention center and released his first song on SoundCloud in June 2013, titled "News/Flock". He was a popular figure in SoundCloud rap, a trap scene that takes elements of lo-fi music and harsh 808s. He released his first album, "17", on August 25, 2017. Onfroy's second album, "?", was released on March 16, 2018. It debuted at number one on the "Billboard" 200. Its singles "Sad!", "Changes" and "Moonlight" all reached the top 20 of the "Billboard" Hot 100. On June 18, 2018, Onfroy was shot to death at the age of 20 after he was robbed at a motorcycle dealership in Deerfield Beach, Florida. He singed on Noah Cyrus' 2017 single "Again". Personal life. Seven months after his death, his son, Gekyume Onfroy was born with Jenesis Sanchez on January 26, 2019. Discography. Albums. XXXTentacion released 2 studio albums and one posthumous album: Murder. On June 18, 2018, Onfroy went to a bank to withdraw some money before heading to a motor sports dealership at Riva Motorsports. As he was leaving the store, a black SUV blocked his car from leaving the parking lot. Two men stepped out of the SUV and started fighting Onfroy. The men stole a Louis Vuitton bag from Onfroy's car. Then they shot him a few times in the neck. He was dead on arrival at hospital. His alleged shooters are Trayvon Newsome and Michael Boatwright. 2003–04 Tampa Bay Lightning season The 2003–04 Tampa Bay Lightning season was the 12th National Hockey League season in Tampa, Florida. The Lightning won their first Stanley Cup this season. Offseason. The Lightning did not have a first-round pick. For their first pick, they chose Mike Egener in the second round, 35th over-all. Regular season. On Saturday, December 27, 2003, the Lightning scored three short-handed goals in a 4-2 win over the Boston Bruins. The Lightning finished the regular season having tied the Detroit Red Wings for the most short-handed goals scored, with 15. Player stats. Forwards. "Note: GP= Games played; G= Goals; A= Assists; PTS = Points; PIM = Points" Defensemen. "Note: GP= Games played; G= Goals; A= Assists; PTS = Points; PIM = Points" Goaltending. "Note: GP= Games played; W= Wins; L= Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts; GAA = Goals Against" Bridget of Sweden Bridget of Sweden, or Birgitta Birgersdotter (1303–1373), was a mystic and saint, and founder of the Bridgettines nuns and monks. A few months before she was born, her mother was in a shipwreck. Many people died, but her mother was saved by the king's brother. In a dream the night after her rescue, she was told that she was saved because the child in her womb was very special, and was a gift from God. After Bridget was born, she wanted to live her life as a holy woman, but it was hard, because she was one of only two surviving children in her family. When she was 14 years old, she was forced to marry 18-year-old Ulf Gudmarsson. This was hard for her because she believed that staying a virgin would be the closest state to God. After Ulf died, God sent a message to tell Bridget to come to Rome. That same year, Bridget packed up her bags and headed off to Rome, never to return to her hometown again. In 1370, Pope Urban V made her religious group official. She eventually became famous for helping to restoring the papacy in Rome. Jayda Fransen Jayda Kaleigh Fransen is the deputy leader of Britain First, a far-right British political group in the United Kingdom. In addition to online anti-Islamic activism, she has sometimes been seen in public, carrying a white cross, in "Christian patrols" through predominantly Muslim parts of British towns. In March 2018, Fransen was sent to jail for to 36 weeks after being found guilty of three counts of religiously aggravated harassment. Fransen had been a part of the English Defence League, but left due to it being violent. She was an unsuccessful candidate in the Rochester and Strood by-election, 2014, and the London Assembly election, 2016. British fascism British Fascism is the form of fascism promoted by parties in the United Kingdom. British fascism is based on British Nationalism. Examples of British Fascist movements are British Fascists (1923-1934) and the British Union of Fascists (1932-1940). Some recent examples are National Front (1967-present) and Britain First (2011-present). Ideological origins. British Fascism is based upon Italian Fascism and British Traditions. British Fascism claims that both it Economic and Political agenda represent Tudor England. It claims its centralized national authoritarian state is based upon the Tudor System. British Fascism also claims the legacy of Oliver Cromwell. English Political theorist Thomas Hobbes in his work Leviathan (1651) created the ideology of Absolutism which was highly influential in the fascist ideology. British fascism claims its corporatist economic policy is based upon the medieval guild system. Beliefs. Nationalism. British Fascism is based upon British Nationalism. Foreign polices. British Fascism was Non-interventionism and argued war should only be used in defense of Britain or the British Empire. It believed the only threat to the British Empire was from the Soviet Union. Corporatist policies would also be spread to the empire. Totalitarianism. British Fascism is Totalitarian. The BUF declared support for a totalitarian state with Mosley describing it as "a nation emerges organised in the divine parallel of the human body as the name implies. Every organ plays a part in relation to the whole and in harmony with the whole". Corporatism economy. British Fascism is against "laissez-faire and promotes a" corporatist economic system. Traditionalism. British Fascism supports the British Monarchy. Government Schools Teachers Association (GSTA) Government School Teachers Association Delhi (GSTA) is a teachers union recognized by Delhi Government which represents teachers serving under Delhi Government. History. GSTA represents the teachers of Delhi since 1954 and was recognized by the Government of Delhi. Office bearers. General Secretary. Ajay Veer Yadav is the current serving General Secretary of Government School Teachers Association (GSTA). He assumed office on 26 July 2014. Senior Vice President. Rajbir Singh Chhikara is the incumbent Senior Vice President of GSTA. Ajay Veer Yadav Ajay Veer Yadav (born 20 September 1970) is the current General Secretary of Government Schools Teachers Association (GSTA). Serving as the representative of the teachers employed under Government of Delhi. He has been an active part of politics in the field of education and teachers since 1995. Early life. Born on 20 September 1970 in a family of farmers from Uttar Pradesh. Yadav completed his schooling from Delhi. Pursued his graduation and post-graduation from then, Amravati University, Maharashtra. Teachers Union. Serving as the General Secretary of GSTA, Yadav has campaigned for issues related to teachers. Issues were safety and security of teachers, increase of pay, transfer policy, shortage of teachers, fresh recruitment and others. Pay anomalies campaign. Serving as the General Secretary of Government Schools Teachers Association in 2014 the association led a campaign for the removal of pay anomalies. Team of the association met Dr. Jitendra Singh, Union Minister of State for PMO. Ajay Veer Yadav met with Rajnath Singh and Najeeb Jung, former Lt. Governor of Delhi regarding these demands. Sarracenia purpurea Sarracenia purpurea is a type of carnivorous plant. It is commonly called the purple pitcher plant, northern pitcher plant, turtle socks, or side-saddle flower. Native Americans successfully used the plant to treat smallpox. This knowledge was passed on to Westerners by the Mi'kmaq during the 19th century. Say Something (A Great Big World song) "Say Something" is a song recorded by American indie-pop duo A Great Big World. It is from their album "Is There Anybody Out There?" The song was re-released as a single on December 13, 2013, with added vocals from singer Christina Aguilera. It topped the charts in Australia, Belgium (Flanders), and Canada, while reaching the top ten in countries like the US, UK, and New Zealand. The song was certified sextuple-platinum in the US for shipments and streams of six million copies there. Alaska Standard Time The Alaska Time Zone subtracts nine hours from UTC during standard time (UTC-9) and eight hours during daylight saving time (UTC-8). This time zone is called Alaska Standard Time (AKST) during standard time (Winter) and Alaska Daylight Time (AKDT) during daylight saving time (Summer). Places that are in Alaska Time Zone: United States Most of Alaska France Gambier Islands Yvette Horner Yvette Horner (22 September 1922 – 11 June 2018) was a French accordionist. She was known for performing with the Tour de France during the 1950s and 1960s. She was born in Tarbes, France. The company Calor invited her to perform in the publicity caravan associated with the Tour de France. Horner's husband, the footballer René Dresch, convinced her to accept the offer, and later ended his athletic career to support Horner's performances. Horner died on 11 June 2018 at the age of 95. Luis Carlos Galán Luis Carlos Galán Sarmiento (29 September 1943 – 18 August 1989) was a Colombian liberal politician and journalist. He was born in Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia. Galán ran for the Presidency of Colombia two times. Galan ran under the Liberal party in 1989 and sought the nomination for the 1990 presidential election. Galán, a critic of cartels and Pablo Escobar, was shot to death by hitmen hired by the drug cartels during a campaign rally in the town of Soacha, Cundinamarca on 18 August 1989 at the age of 45. Rodrigo Lara Rodrigo Lara Bonilla (August 11, 1946 – April 30, 1984) was a Colombian lawyer and politician. He served as Minister of Justice under President Belisario Betancur. He was a known critic of Pablo Escobar. Lara was assassinated, aged 37, in a drive-by-shooting in Bogota on April 30, 1984 by orders of Escobar because of his work as Minister and for prosecuting the Medellín Cartel. Weather Center Live Weather Center Live is a program on The Weather Channel. It airs on weekdays from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Eastern Time. It gives information about the current weather events happening in the United States. It is "The Weather Channel"'s de facto program. History. "Weather Center Live" formally launched as "Weather Center" on March 2, 2009. It replaced the old Weather Center. Its hosts were Stephanie Abrams and Mike Bettes. Abrams and Bettes formerly hosted "Abrams & Bettes: Beyond the Forecast", which ended three days earlier. From May 5 to June 12, 2009, Mike Bettes went on the Vortex 2 project, so Adam Berg filled in for him in the studio. Schedule and hosts. On June 22, 2009, Jim Cantore and Alexandra Steele became hosts of the program, replacing Abrams & Bettes (they got a week off to get ready for their new hosts on "Your Weather Today", now "America's Morning Headquarters"). Cantore and Steele hosted from 7-10 p.m. ET under the title "Weather Center with Cantore & Steele" (just like under Your Weather Today's new name "Your Weather Today with Abrams & Bettes"). In December 2009, Kevin Robinson left The Weather Channel, and was replaced by Chris Warren. In September 2010, Crystal Egger replaced Alexandra Steele, who was later at CNN. Nicole Mitchell left the program in November, and was replaced by Kelly Cass. Beginning in January 2011, Weather Center aired three blocks a night (7-8 p.m., 10-11 p.m., and 1-2 a.m.) and debuted on weekends on February 5, 2011. The weekday editions were hosted by Chris Warren and Crystal Egger, the weekend editions were hosted by Paul Goodloe and Kelly Cass. In March 2012, the weekday edition debuted at 4:00 p.m., moving "Day Planner" to 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. ET. The weekend edition debuted at 4 p.m. as well, canceling PM Edition. In November 2012, Weather Center Live began airing from 5-8 p.m. ET. Todd Santos left the channel in July 2013, and was replaced by Keith Carson. In September, Crystal Egger left the program (she returned on September 12 to anchor from 1-3 a.m. ET due to the flooding in Colorado, before she left the network for good). Alexandra Wilson left the afternoon 4-5 p.m. edition to replace her as a co-host with Chris Warren and Jim Cantore. However when she left no anchor was announced to join Alex Wallace. On November 12, 2013 at 4:00 a.m. Eastern Time, The Weather Channel re-launched with new graphics. As a result, the program was extended to mornings and afternoons (4:00 to 5:30 a.m. and 11:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. Eastern) and weekends from 4:30 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time, but that change meant that the show's 10:00 p.m. and 1:00 a.m. editions and weekends at 4:00 and 7:00 p.m. Eastern were replaced by long-form programming, removing nighttime forecast programs for the first time in The Weather Channel's history. In February 2014, the show was extended to 2:00-5:00 p.m. ET. In April, Dave Schwartz returned to The Weather Channel co-anchoring alongside Alexandra Wilson. On November 6, 2014, the show's 4:00-5:30 a.m. time slot was replaced by long-form programming (from 4-5 a.m.) and an extended "Wake Up with Al" from 5 to 5:30 a.m. ET. On November 8, 2014, the weekend 4-5 a.m. ET and noon-2 p.m. editions were also replaced by long-form programming. So as a result, "Weather Center Live" only aired from 11:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. ET weekdays and 5:00 a.m. to noon ET on weekends. In mid-November, Weather Center Live began airing at 10:00 a.m. weekdays, canceling the rebroadcast of "Wake Up with Al". On January 31, 2015, the 5:00-9:00 a.m. edition was replaced by "AMHQ Weekend" hosted by Reynolds Wolf and Kait Parker. On March 14, 2015, the 9:00 a.m. to noon edition was replaced by "Weekend Recharge" hosted by Maria LaRosa and Paul Goodloe. Weather Center Live became a weekday only show, airing from 10:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time. On August 24, 2015, the 6:00 to 8:00 p.m. edition was replaced by "Weather Underground", hosted by Mike Bettes and Alex Wilson. On June 4, 2018, Weather Center Live was shortened by an hour, ending at 5 p.m. ET. In December 2018, Weather Center Live began being known as "The Weather Channel LIVE" only on electronic program guides. Ivan Drach Ivan Fedorovych Drach (, 17 October 1936 – 19 June 2018) was a Ukrainian poet, screenwriter, literary critic, politician, and political activist. He was born in Kyiv Oblast. In the spring of 1990, Drach was elected to the Verkhovna Rada from Artemivsk (№ 259) constituency. Drach took part in literary evenings where innovative poems were read. He made his debut in 1961, when his poem-tragedy "Knife in the Sun" was published in the Kyiv literary newspaper. Drach worked in the newspapers "Literary Ukraine" and "Fatherland". Drach played an important role in the founding of Rukh – the People's Movement of Ukraine – and led the organisation from 1989 to 1992. Drach died 19 June 2018 in Kyiv from a heart attack at the age of 81. Bucky Pizzarelli John Paul "Bucky" Pizzarelli (January 9, 1926 – April 1, 2020) was an American jazz guitarist. He was born in Paterson, New Jersey. He worked for NBC as a staffman for Dick Cavett (1971) and ABC with Bobby Rosengarden in (1952). He also worked for Benny Goodman, Joe Negri, Les Paul, and Stéphane Grappelli. In 2011, he was honored in the New Jersey Hall of Fame. Pizzarelli died on April 1, 2020 in Saddle River, New Jersey of COVID-19 at the age of 94. Pillowtalk "Pillowtalk" is a song recorded by English singer Zayn Malik. It is his first single since leaving the boy band One Direction. The song is a ballad about sex. It entered at the top of the charts in the UK, US, Ireland, Australia, and Canada. The music video features model Gigi Hadid as Malik's love interest. "Pillowtalk" was certified triple-platinum in the US for shipments of over three million copies in that country. Ernesto Samper Ernesto Samper Pizano (born 3 August 1950) is a Colombian politician. He served as the 29th President of Colombia from 1994 to 1998, representing the Liberal Party. Álvaro Uribe Álvaro Uribe Vélez (born 4 July 1952) is a Colombian politician. He served as the 31st President of Colombia from 7 August 2002 to 7 August 2010. He was named Mayor of Medellín in October 1982 by Belisario Betancur. On 13 January 2009 the United States awarded President Uribe the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush. In August 2010 he was appointed Vice-chairman of the UN panel investigating the Gaza flotilla raid. Uribe was critical of his successor Juan Manuel Santos's peace-talks with the FARC guerillas. Stephanie Sigman Stephanie Sigman (born February 28, 1987) is a Mexican-American actress.. She was born in Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico. Her first movie role was in the 2011 drama movie "Miss Bala". Sigman is known for her roles in "Pioneer" (2013), "Spectre" (2015), "Going Under" (2016), and "" (2017). On television, Sigman starred as Valeria Vélez in the first and second seasons of Netflix crime thriller, "Narcos" (2015). Gabriela de la Garza Gabriela de la Garza (born October 3, 1976), is a Mexican actress. She was born in Mexico City. She is known for her roles as Laura in the 2007 miniseries "Como ama una mujer" and as Diana Turbay in the Netflix series "Narcos". Narcos Narcos is an American Netflix drama-crime series created and produced by Chris Brancato, Carlo Bernard, and Doug Miro. It was first released on August 28, 2015. Seasons one and two are based on the story of Pablo Escobar, who became a billionaire through the production and selling of cocaine. Season three picks up after the fall of Escobar and continues to follow the DEA as they go up against the rise of the infamous Cali Cartel. The series stars Wagner Moura as Escobar alongside Pedro Pascal, Boyd Holbrook, Luis Guzmán, Stephanie Sigman, Paulina Gaitán, Gabriela de la Garza and Raúl Méndez as President César Gaviria with Patrick St. Esprit as Major Lou Wysession. Wagner Moura Wagner Maniçoba de Moura (; born 27 June 1976) is a Brazilian actor. He is known for his roles as Spider in the science fiction movie "Elysium" (2013) and the lead role of Pablo Escobar in the Netflix series "Narcos" from 2015 to 2016, for which he received a Golden Globe nomination. 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup The 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup was the eighth FIFA Women's World Cup. It was hosted by France and ran from 7 June to 7 July 2019. France won the right to host the event in March 2015; the first time the country hosted the tournament, and the third time in Europe. Matches are planned for nine cities across France. The format of the tournament is 24 competing teams, including the host nation. The defending champions are the United States. Chile made its first appearance at this FIFA Women's World Cup edition, and Italy took part in the event for the first time since 1999. Group stage. The match schedule for the tournament was released on 8 February 2018. All times are local, CEST (). Ranking of third-placed teams. The four best third-placed teams from the six groups go to the knockout stage along with the six group winners and six runners-up. Knockout stage. In the knockout stage, if a match is level at the end of 90 minutes of normal playing time, extra time is played (two periods of 15 minutes each), where each team is allowed to make a fourth substitution. If the score is still level after extra time, the winners are determined by a penalty shoot-out. Gabriel Braga Nunes Gabriel Braga Nunes (born February 7, 1972) is a Brazilian actor. He is best known for his work in telenovelas "Essas Mulheres", "Cidadão Brasileiro", "Caminhos do Coração" and "Poder Paralelo". He played a main role in "Insensato Coração" for Rede Globo. Amador City, California Amador City (formerly, Amadore's Creek and South Amador) is a city in Amador County, California, United States. The population was 185 at the 2010 census, down from 196 at the 2000 census. It is found at . Jackson, California Jackson (formerly, Botilleas, Botilleas Spring, Bottileas, Bottle Spring, and Botellas) is the county seat of Amador County in the U.S. state of California. The population was 4,651 at the 2010 census and 3,989 at the 2000 census. The city is connected to State Route 49 and State Route 88. Flawil Flawil is a municipality of the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland. About 10,000 people live there. It is the regional centre of Untertoggenburg, but is part of the Wil electoral district. Herrenberg Herrenberg is a town in the middle of Baden-Württemberg. It is about south of Stuttgart and from Tübingen. After Sindelfingen, Böblingen, and Leonberg, it is the fourth largest town in the district of Böblingen. Ian Kinsler Ian Michael Kinsler (born June 22, 1982) is a second baseman for the Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball. He started playing in the major leagues in 2006 with the Texas Rangers, and he stayed with Texas through the 2013 season. Kinsler played for the Detroit Tigers from 2014–2017. He has been an All-Star five times and he won a Gold Glove Award in 2016. Mike Trout Michael Nelson Trout (born August 7, 1991) is a center fielder for the Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball. He has played for the Angels since he joined the major leagues in 2011. He was the Rookie of the Year in 2012, and the Most Valuable Player in the American League in 2014, 2016 and 2019. Trout has been an All-Star six times. Peter Dragone Peter B. Dragone is an American entrepreneur based in Greater Boston. Peter is well-known for founding Keurig, Inc., a commercial beverage brewing company. In November 1998, he was granted two patents for "Beverage filter cartridge", along with John E. Sylvan. Career. Peter, obtained a BA from Colby College and an MA from Middlebury College. He also attended at Harvard Business School and received an MBA degree in 1985. 1992, Peter co-founded Keurig, Inc., a beverage brewing system for home and commercial use. Peter and Sylvan developed a new kind of coffee maker for the company, which was well-received by customers. According to "Boston.com", "one out of every four home coffee makers sold in the United States was a Keurig". In 1997, Peter left the company and decided to keep his stakes. In 2014, Keurig, Inc. was acquired by "JAB Holding Company" for nearly $14 billion. Boyd Holbrook Robert Boyd Holbrook (born September 1, 1981) is an American actor and fashion model. He is known for his roles in "Milk", "Out of the Furnace", "Run All Night", "A Walk Among the Tombstones", and "Gone Girl", and starred as DEA Agent Steve Murphy in Netflix series "Narcos". Igor Muradyan Igor Muradyan (, April 29, 1957 – June 17, 2018) was an Armenian political activist. He was one of the earliest leaders of the Karabakh movement, along with Zori Balayan, Silva Kaputikyan and Viktor Hambardzumyan. Muradyan died in Yerevan, Armenia on June 17, 2018 at the age of 61. Nathan Shaham Nathan Shaham (Hebrew: נתן שחם; born 1925 – June 18, 2018) was an Israeli writer. In 2012, he was awarded the Israeli Prize. Shaham was editor-in-chief of Sifriat Poalim Publishing House. He was Israel's cultural attaché in the United States from 1977–80, and a former vice-chairman of the Israel Broadcasting Authority. His best known novel was "Tabula Rasa" (2010). Shaham died in his home in Beit Alfa on June 18, 2018 from complications of Alzheimer's disease, aged 93. Stanley Cavell Stanley Louis Cavell (; September 1, 1926 – June 19, 2018) was an American philosopher. He was the Walter M. Cabot Professor of Aesthetics and the General Theory of Value, Emeritus, at Harvard University. He worked in the fields of ethics, aesthetics, and ordinary language philosophy. His influential works were on Wittgenstein, Austin, Emerson, Thoreau, and Heidegger. His work is seen and known by its conversational tone and many literary references. Cavell died in Boston, Massachusetts of heart failure on June 19, 2018 at the age of 91. Roger Sessions Roger Huntington Sessions (December 28, 1896March 16, 1985) was an American composer, teacher, and writer on music. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He studied at Harvard University, Yale University and at Smith College. He won two Pulitzer Prizes in 1974 and in 1982. Sessions taught at Princeton University (from 1936), moved to the University of California, Berkeley, where he taught from 1945 to 1953, and then returned to Princeton until retiring in 1965. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1961. Sessions was appointed Bloch Professor at Berkeley (1966–67), and gave the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures at Harvard University in 1968–69. He continued to teach on a part-time basis at the Juilliard School from 1966 until 1983. Sessions died at the age of 88 in Princeton, New Jersey on March 16, 1985. Juilliard School The Juilliard School (), informally called Juilliard it is located in the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City. It is a performing arts conservatory established in 1905. The school trains about 850 undergraduate and graduate students in dance, drama, and music. It is thought to be as one of the world's leading music and dance schools, with some of the best arts programs. In 2016, Juilliard was ranked as the world's best institution for Performing Arts in their inaugural global ranking of the discipline. J. L. Austin John Langshaw "J. L." Austin (26 March 1911 – 8 February 1960) was a British philosopher of language. He was born in Lancaster, Lancashire. He supported ordinary language philosophy. He developed the theory of speech acts. He worked at Oxford University. He was awarded Order of the British Empire for his services during World War II. Austin died of lung cancer in Oxford on 8 February 1960 at the age of 48. Luis Guzmán Luis Guzmán (born August 28, 1956) is a Puerto Rican actor. He starred in Steven Soderbergh's movies, "Out of Sight", "The Limey" and "Traffic". He also starred in Paul Thomas Anderson's movies, "Boogie Nights", "Magnolia" and "Punch-Drunk Love". He recently starred in the HBO original series "How to Make It in America" and the Netflix series "Narcos". Sutton, Vermont Sutton is a town in Caledonia County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,029 at the 2010 census. Paulina Gaitán Paulina Gaitán Ruíz (born February 19, 1992) is a Mexican actress. She is known for her roles in the Netflix original series "Narcos" as Tata, the wife of narcotrafficante Pablo Escobar and as Violetta, the female lead in the 2018 Amazon Prime Original Series "Diablo Guardián". Necar Zadegan Necar Zadegan () (born June 20, 1982) is a German born American actress. She was born in Heidelberg, Germany, but was raised in San Francisco, California. She is best known for her role as First Lady (and then President) Dalia Hassan on "24" and Delia Banai on "Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce". Raúl Méndez Raúl Méndez Martínez (born April 11, 1975) is a Mexican actor. He was born in Laguna, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico. He is known for his roles in "El Sexo Débil", "El Señor de los Cielos" and as Colombian President César Gaviria in the Netflix series "Narcos". Patrick St. Esprit Patrick St. Esprit (born May 18, 1954) is an American character actor. He was born in California. He is best known as Romulus Thread in "", Elliot Oswald in "Sons of Anarchy", Secretary Alexander Haig in "Killing Reagan" and as Major Lou Wysession in the Netflix series "Narcos". Dante Caputo Dante Mauricio Caputo (25 November 1943 – 20 June 2018) was an Argentine academic and politician. He was born in Buenos Aires. He served as Minister of Foreign Relations under President Raúl Alfonsín from 1983 to 1989. Caputo served as President of the United Nations General Assembly from 1988 to 1989. Caputo died of pancreatic cancer in Buenos Aires on 20 June 2018, aged 74. Rudy Insanally Samuel Rudolph "Rudy" Insanally (born 23 January 1936) is a Guyanese diplomat. He serves as Guyana's Permanent Representative to the United Nations since 1987 and was Minister of Foreign Affairs of Guyana from 2001 to 2008. Didier Opertti Didier Opertti Badán (born 23 April 1937) is a Uruguayan political figure and lawyer. Opertti served as the interior minister of Uruguay from 1995 to 1998 in the government of Julio María Sanguinetti. He also served as foreign minister under both Presidents Sanguinetti and Jorge Batlle from 1998 until March 1, 2005. He served as the President of the United Nations General Assembly from 1998 to 1999. Princess Elisabeth of Denmark Princess Elisabeth of Denmark, RE (born "Elisabeth Caroline-Mathilde Alexandrine Helena Olga Thyra Feodora Estrid Margrethe Désirée"; 8 May 1935 – 19 June 2018) was a Danish princess. She was born in Copenhagen. She was the daughter of Hereditary Prince Knud and Hereditary Princess Caroline-Mathilde of Denmark. Princess Elisabeth was a first cousin of the present Danish monarch, Queen Margrethe II. She belonged to the House of Glücksburg. Princess Elisabeth died on 19 June 2018 in Copenhagen at the age of 82. Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark, Count of Monpezat, RE, SKmd (; born 26 May 1968) is the heir apparent to the throne of Denmark. Frederik is the elder son of Queen Margrethe II and the late Henrik, Prince Consort. Titles and styles. His official title in Danish is "Hans Kongelige Højhed Kronprins Frederik til Danmark, Greve af Monpezat" (His Royal Highness Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark, Count of Monpezat). Hubert Green Hubert Myatt Green (December 28, 1946 – June 19, 2018) was an American professional golfer. He was born in Birmingham, Alabama. He won 29 professional golf tournaments, including two major championships: the 1977 U.S. Open and the 1985 PGA Championship. He was added into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2007. Green died on June 19, 2018 from throat cancer in Florida, aged 71. Sándor Kányádi Sándor Kányádi (; May 10, 1929 – June 20, 2018) was an Romanian-born Hungarian poet and translator. He was born in Porumbeni, Romania. He was a major contributor to Hungarian children's literature. His works have been translated into many languages ranging from English to French. His best known poem was "In Contemporary Tense". Kányádi was awarded the Kossuth Prize and the Herder Prize. Kányádi died in Budapest on June 20, 2018 from respiratory tract infection at the age of 89. Abby Lee Miller Abigale "Abby" Lee Miller (born September 21, 1965) is an American dance instructor, television personality and choreographer. She was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Miller is the director and owner of Reign Dance Productions. She was also the founder of the Abby Lee Dance Company and appeared on the reality television series "Dance Moms" for seven seasons. In December 2010, Miller filed for bankruptcy and owed more than $400,000 in taxes. In June 2016, she pleaded guilty to felony bankruptcy fraud and was sentenced in May 2017 to one year and a day in federal prison. In April 2018, she was diagnosed with lymphoma, a type of cancer. Koko (gorilla) Hanabiko "Koko" (July 4, 1971 – June 19, 2018) was a female Western lowland gorilla, cared for by Penny Paterson. She was known for having learned a large number of hand signs from a modified version of American Sign Language (ASL). Koko was able to understand more than 1,000 signs of what Patterson calls "Gorilla Sign Language" (GSL). Koko was born at the San Francisco Zoo and lived most of her life in Woodside, California. Koko gained public attention upon initial reportage of her adopting a kitten as a pet. Koko was also known for meeting many celebrities such as Robin Williams and Mr. Rogers. Koko died on June 19, 2018 in Woodside, California at the age of 46. Western lowland gorilla The western lowland gorilla ("Gorilla gorilla gorilla") is one of two subspecies of the western gorilla ("Gorilla gorilla") that lives in rain forests in Central Africa in Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. Western lowland gorillas are intelligent, and understand simple sign language. Koko was a famous western lowland gorilla who communicated in sign language. The western lowland gorilla is the only subspecies kept in zoos, except for one female Eastern lowland gorilla named Amahoro who lives at the Antwerp Zoo and a few Mountain gorillas in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Western gorilla The western gorilla ("Gorilla gorilla") is a great ape, closely related to both chimpanzees, orangutans and humans. They are the type species as well as the most populous species of the genus "Gorilla". Nearly all of the individuals of this taxon belong to the western lowland gorilla subspecies. The other subspecies are the Cross River gorilla. Western gorillas are generally lighter colored than eastern gorillas. Western lowland gorillas have black, dark grey or dark brown-grey hair with a brownish forehead. Measurements of wild individuals show that mature males average in height. Cross River gorilla The Cross River gorilla ("Gorilla gorilla diehli") is a subspecies of the western gorilla ("Gorilla gorilla"). The Cross River gorilla was first described as a new species of Western gorilla by Paul Matschie, a mammalian taxonomist, in 1904. According a study published by the American Museum of Natural History, the Cross River gorilla has been described as having smaller dentitions, smaller palates, smaller cranial vaults, and shorter skulls than other western gorillas. Eastern gorilla The eastern gorilla ("Gorilla beringei") is a critically endangered species of the genus "Gorilla" and the largest living primate. The species is subdivided into two subspecies. Grauer's gorilla, formerly known as the eastern lowland gorilla ("G. b. graueri") is more populous, at about 3,800. The mountain gorilla ("G. b. beringei") has only about 880. Illegal hunting of these gorillas are the reason why they may go extinct. Eastern lowland gorilla The eastern lowland gorilla or Grauer's gorilla ("Gorilla beringei graueri") is a subspecies of eastern gorilla. It is native to the mountainous forests of eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is the largest of the four gorilla subspecies. It has jet black coats like the mountain gorilla ("Gorilla beringei beringei"), although the hair is shorter on the head and body. The male's coat, like that of other gorillas, greys as the animal matures, resulting in the designation "silverback". Scott Dozier Scott Raymond Dozier (November 20, 1970 – January 5, 2019) was an American convicted murderer. He was born in Boulder City, Nevada. Murders. He was arrested for the 2002 murder of 22-year-old Jeremiah Miller, who was one of Dozier's drug associates. On April 18, 2002, Miller met Dozier on the Las Vegas Strip. Dozier had promised to help Miller buy ephedrine. Miller had brought $12,000 in cash for that express purpose. Upon Miller's arrival at La Concha, Dozier killed him (likely by shooting), sawed Miller's body into multiple pieces, stuffed most of them into a suitcase, and disposed of it near an apartment complex in western Vegas. Dozier was also connected to the July 27, 2001, murder of Jasen Green in Arizona, whose remains were found in a plastic container in the desert north of Phoenix. Execution. On June 19, 2018, a judge signed a new death warrant for Dozier, allowing his execution to take place in July 2018. Death. Dozier died on January 5, 2019 at prison in Ely, Nevada after having committed suicide by hanging himself in his prison cell, aged 48. Juan Segundo Juan Ramon Segundo Meza (born January 25, 1963) is an American serial killer and rapist. He was sentenced to death for the 1986 murder of Vanessa Villa, 11, in Fort Worth, Texas. He was also linked to three other murders committed between September 1994 and June 1995 by DNA, all in the Fort Worth area. Segundo was arrested in 2005 after he was matched to DNA samples from three cold cases, including Vanessa's, and was sentenced to death in 2007. Segundo is scheduled to be executed in October 2018 by lethal injection. Shawn Grate Shawn Michael Grate (born August 8, 1976) is an American convicted serial killer. He was born in Marion, Ohio. He was found guilty on May 7th, 2018 of all charges in Ashland County, Ohio. He killed a total of five people after raping them. On May 7, 2018, Grate was found guilty of murdering Stacey Stanley and Elizabeth Griffith. On June 1, Grate was sentenced to death. Marion, Ohio Marion is a city in and the county seat of Marion County, Ohio, United States. The city is located in north-central Ohio, about north of Columbus. The population was 36,837 at the 2010 census. President Warren G. Harding was a resident of Marion for much of his adult life. Unity (game engine) Unity is a type of game engine that was developed by a video game development company called Unity Technologies. The Unity engine allows developers to make both 2D and 3D games.  It currently supports only the C# programming language. It supports Direct3D, OpenGL, OpenGL ES, Metal, Vulkan, and proprietary API. Since 2016, Unity offers services on the cloud. Unity is supported on Windows and macOS, as well as 27 more platforms. In 2016 Unity changed from one time purchase into a subscription model. There currently exist one free and three paid licensing options: Personal (Free), Plus, Pro, Enterprise. Unity has a robust collection of official tutorials to help familiarize new developers with the engine. Additionally, it has thorough documentation that they update to be accurate with each new Unity release. The tutorials and documentation make use of pre-built assets that are available in the default Unity program. Developers can use these instead of being forced to write all of their code from scratch. Somerville, Massachusetts Somerville ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is directly to the northwest of Boston. As of 2010, the United States Census lists the city with a total population of 75,754 people, making it the most densely populated municipality in New England. As of 2010, it was the 16th most densely populated incorporated municipality in the country. It was founded in 1842, when it was separated from Charlestown. Cartoonist Paul Ryan and football player Howie Long were born here. Papal States The Papal States, officially the State of the Church (, ; ; also ""), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the Pope, from the 8th century until 1870. By 1861, much of the Papal States' territory had been conquered by the Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the Pope lost Lazio and Rome and had no physical territory at all, except the Vatican. Munich, North Dakota Munich is a city in Cavalier County in the state of North Dakota, United States. The population was 210 at the 2010 census. It was founded in 1904 and is named after the German city of Munich. Constitution Party (United States) The Constitution Party, previously known as the U.S. Taxpayers' Party, is a national political party in the United States. It promotes American nationalism, paleoconservatism, Christian values, the anti-abortion movement, and greater attention to the U.S. Constitution. It has around 100,000 members. Willem Janszoon Willem Janszoon (; ), sometimes abbreviated to Willem Jansz., was a Dutch navigator and colonial governor. Willem was one of the first actual people to find Australia before Captain James Cook found it. Princess Eugenie Princess Eugenie, Mrs Jack Brooksbank (Eugenie Victoria Helena; born 23 March 1990), is a member of the British royal family. She is the younger daughter of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and Sarah, Duchess of York. She is a granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II. Since July 2021, Eugenie has been eleventh in the line of succession to the British throne. Early life. Princess Eugenie was born at Portland Hospital in London, She is second child of Prince Andrew, Duke of York and Sarah, Duchess of York, She has one sister Princess Beatrice, She baptised at St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham Personal life. Princess Eugenie married Jack Brooksbank on 12 October 2018 at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, First child August Brooksbank was born in 9 February 2021 at Portland Hospital. Small intestine cancer In oncology, small intestine cancer, also small bowel cancer and cancer of the small bowel, is a cancer of the small intestine. It is rare compared to other gastrointestinal cancers such as stomach cancer and colorectal cancer. Small intestine cancer can be subdivided into duodenal cancer (the first part of the small intestine) and cancer of the jejunum and ileum (the later two parts of the small intestine). Duodenal cancer has more in common with stomach cancer, while cancer of the jejunum and ileum have more in common with colorectal cancer. The Five year survival rates are 65%. Armando Merodio Armando Merodio Pesquera (23 August 1935 – 21 June 2018) was a Spanish retired footballer. He was born in Barcelona. He played as a striker. He was known for playing with Athletic Bilbao from 1958 to 1963. Merodio died on 21 June 2018 from congestive heart failure in Barcelona, aged 82. Édouard-Jean Empain Édouard-Jean, 3rd Baron Empain (7 October 1937 – 21 June 2018) was a French-Belgian industrialist. He was best known by the general public for his kidnapping in 1978. Between 1969 and 1981, Baron Empain was CEO of the Schneider group (Schneider-Empain). On 23 January 1978, Baron Empain, was picked up as usual from his home. The car was later blocked and several armed men removed the driver from the vehicle and bundled him into the van, while the Baron was quickly handcuffed and the kidnappers made off in his car. He would be released two months later to police officials in March. The kidnappers were arrested. Baron Empain died in Paris on 21 June 2018 from thyroid cancer, aged 80. Peter Hardeman Burnett Peter Hardeman Burnett (November 15, 1807 – May 17, 1895) was an American politician. He was the first Governor of California as a state in the U.S. and a white supremacist. He tried to ban black people from California and supported genocide of the state's indigenous peoples. He was Governor from December 20, 1849 to January 9, 1851. He was also the first California Governor to resign. Bill Speakman William Speakman-Pitt, VC (21 September 1927 – 20 June 2018), known as Bill Speakman, was a British Army soldier and a recipient of the Victoria Cross. He was the first person to receive an honor from Queen Elizabeth II. Speakman died on 20 June 2018, aged 90. Ernie Hunt Roger Patrick "Ernie" Hunt (17 March 1943 – 20 June 2018) was an English footballer. He played in the Football League for Swindon Town, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Everton, Coventry City, Doncaster Rovers and Bristol City, and for the Los Angeles Wolves in the United Soccer Association. At international level, he was capped three times for the England under-23 team. Hunt died in Gloucestershire on 20 June 2018 of complications from Alzheimer's disease, aged 75. Paul John Marx Bishop Paul John Marx, M.S.C. (12 March 1935 – 19 June 2018) was a French-born Papua New Guinean Roman Catholic prelate. He was born in Mutzig, France. He was the bishop of Kerema, Papua New Guinea from 6 December 1988 until 13 March 2010. He was ordained by Archbishop Peter Kurongku as Priest Priest of the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. He was appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Kerema on 13 December 1985 and as Bishop of Kerema on 6 December 1988. Marx died in Kerema on 19 June 2018 of cardiomyopathy at the age of 83. Jack Laxer Jack Laxer (1927– June 12, 2018) was an American photographer. He was best known for his work in stereoscopy. His photographs of California modern architecture have been published in magazines and books, displayed in museums. Beginning in 1951 he documented the designs of Louis Armet and Eldon Davis including Norms, Pann’s, and the Holiday Bowl. These images were included in Alan Hess’s book "Googie: Fifties Coffee Shop Architecture", setting off a revival of interest in the style beginning in the 1980s. Laxer died on June 12, 2018 in Culver City, California from pneumonia at the age of 91. Theodore J. Sophocleus Theodore Jameson Sophocleus (May 28, 1939 – June 8, 2018) was an American politician. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was a pharmacist and a drug store chain executive. Sophocleus served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1993 to 1995 and again from 1999 until his death in 2018. Sophocleus died of heart failure at a Baltimore hospital on June 8, 2018 at the age of 79. Jan-Ove Waldner Jan-Ove Waldner (born October 3, 1965 in Stockholm) is a male table tennis player from Sweden. He was the third man in table tennis history to become Grand-Slam champion. He played to 2012 in the German club "TTC Röhn-Sprudel Fulda Maberzell" and was the best Swedish table tennis player. Early years (1970-1980). When Waldner was five years old, He startd playing table tennis. His older brother and his parents were also players. Early on, Waldner was stand on pedestals or buckets. Soon, he began to play in the Swedish club "Spåvägens BTK". Waldner was trainied by different coaches as well as his family. When he was nine years old, he won for the Swedish National Championships in his age group. Growing up, he did not only play table tennis. He also loved football and tennis. By the age of thirteen, he only played Table tennis. Waldner left school early to become a professional player. In his first year as a pro, he played his first tournament and won a automobile. Sporting career. Early areer (1980s-1990s). Waldner played his first international tournament at the Nordic Championships in Denmark. He played very well. He won gold in singles play and silver in doubles. At the 1982 European Championships for children and teenagers, he won silver. With this tournament, he moved from number 90 to number 22 in the junior world rankings. That same year, Waldner played at the European Championships for adults. He won silver. In 1983, he played very well. At his first World Cup, he won silver. He played in his first World Championships and placed in the top sixteen as a single player. In doubles play, he won silver. In May 1983, he wasnumber 38 in the world rankings. He kept playing well. He won a silver medal in singles and a gold medal in the mixed. Waldner did not play in the European Championships that year. 1984 began well for him. At the European Championships, he won silver in the doubles. He did not play in singles, team and mixed play because of physical problems. That year, he placed fifth at the World Cup after losing to Joo Se-hyuk. At the World Cup in 1985, Waldner lost to Norwegian Òlaf Lundquist. This caused Waldner to fall to 43rd place in the world rankings. At the World Championships (WTTC), he reached the 2nd place with the Swedish team. In singles play, he lost in the Round of 32. At the Europe-Top-12, he reached 5th place. In 1986, Waldner took part in the European Championships. He won gold in doubles and the team event. The Swedish team beat Germany in the finals. In the singles, he lost in the Round of the sixteen. In 1987, Waldner was 2ndat the Europe-Top-12 tournament. He also placed second at the World Championships. He lost a very close match in the finals (3 games to 4) to Ma Lin. Because of that strong performance, he moved from number 43 to number 22 in the world rankings. He had become the highest rated Swedish player over Jörgen Persson. In Macau, he won bronze at the World Cup. In 1988, he won gold at the Nordic Championships. He also won the Europe-Top-12. That year, he was ranked at number 13. He also won bronze at the European Championships in singles play. In doubles, he won silver. The Swedish team won the gold. Waldner also took part in the first table tennis event in Olympic Games history. He did not win a medal for either singles, doubles or team play. In 1989, the Swedish team won gold at the World Team Table Tennis Championships. They beat China in the finals. There was no European Championships that year. At the Europe-Top- 12, he won his third gold medal. He lost in the first round of the World Cup that year. The next year, the Swedis team won the World Team Cup. Waldner also played in the World Doubles Cup but lost in the Quarterfinal. At the World Cup, he won gold. At the European Championships, he reacged tge quarter-finals in both singles and doubles. The swedish team won gold. 1991, he won silver at the Europe-Top-12. At the WTTC, he won silver in the singles. Because of that performance, he moved to number 3 in the world rankings. At the World Cup Jan won bronze. Warner qualificated for the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. At the games, he won gold. This was the best year in his Table tennis career. He was the third man to win the Grand Slam. To win the Grand Slam, a person has to be the winner of the World Cup, Olympic gold medal and World Championship, all at the same time. He won the World Cup (1990), the Olympic Games (1992) and the World Championships (1987, 1989). He did not win the European Championships that year. He lost in the singles against Jörgen Persson. That year he was number one in the world rankings. From 1993 t0 1996, he had many problems with his body. Later career (2000s). At the 2000 Olympic, Games he won silver in the singles. He was the 1st player to win two single medals for table tennis at two Olympic Games. The next year, he reached the 9th-12th place at the World Cup, the WTTC and the Pro Tour Grand Finals. He won silver at the 2002 Pro Tour at the Korea Open in Pyeongchang, South Korea. That same year, he won gold with the team at European Championships. In singles play, he reached the Round of sixteen. In 2003, Waldner lost at he WTTC in the Round of 128 to South Korean Joo Se-hyuk. On the Pro Tour, he won the Swedish Open. In 2004, Waldner took part in the Olympics for the 4th time. At the Olympics, he lost to Ma Lin in the 3rd place match. The Swedish team came to the Quarterfinals. Waldner also reached the Quarterfinal at the World Cup that year. At the WTTC, the team won bronze. He took part in his lat WTTC in 2005. In his last WTTC tournament, he reached the quarter finals in all events. At the World Tour Grand Finals of 2006, he won gold. After that, Waldner ends his international career. He played national until 2016 when he retired. Personal life. Waldner opened a reastaurant in 2004. It is named "W". Kiminori Matsuyama is a Japanese economist. He is a professor of economics at Northwestern University and, since December 2018, the chief scientific adviser of .[1] He is also an international senior fellow at the Canon Institute of Global Studies.[2] He was awarded the Nakahara Prize from the in 1996 and was elected a fellow of the in 1999, and a fellow of the Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory[3] in 2011. Early Life and Education. Born on November 19, 1957, Matsuyama grew up in Bunkyō-ku, Tokyo. After graduating from Seishi Elementary School, and then from , he enrolled in Science Division-I of the University of Tokyo, in 1976. Among those in his class in the Division was Makoto Gonokami (physicist and current president of the University of Tokyo). Matsuyama later switched to International Relations. Among those in his class there were Toyohisa Kozuki (current ambassador to Russia), (current ambassador to Singapore, former ambassador to the United Nations and Sweden) and former LDP Diet member . It was through his studies in international relations that he came across economics for the first time. Although he passed the advanced-level of the Japanese government in his senior year, he chose to continue his studies in economics. After receiving his in International Relations in 1980, he enrolled in the program at the University of Tokyo’s Graduate School of Economics, where he studied with Ryūtarō Komiya, , , and Tsuneo Ishikawa, as well as, briefly, with Motoshige Itō,[4] , and Kiyohiko Nishimura. From October 1982, he also worked as a research assistant for economist Masahiro Okuno, who was then a at the Bank of Japan’s Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies.[5] Matsuyama enrolled in Harvard University’s doctorate program in September 1983, where he studied under Jeffrey Sachs, , and . Classmates included , Abhijit Banerjee (2019 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences), , , and Alan Krueger. He received a PhD in economics from Harvard in 1987. Career. Matsuyama became an assistant professor of economics at Northwestern University in September 1987, associate professor in September 1991, and professor in September 1995. He spent 1991 at the of Stanford University as a National Fellow. He received the Nakahara Prize from the Japanese Economic Association in 1996 and became a Fellow of the Econometric Society in 1999. In addition to teaching at the University of Chicago as a visiting professor in 1993 and at MIT in 2008,[6] he has visited many universities and research institutes around the world and has been invited to deliver plenary lectures and keynote speeches at various international conferences. In 2014, he became an international senior fellow of the Canon Institute for Global Studies,[7] and in December 2018 he was appointed chief scientific adviser of the Research. Matsuyama’s main fields of research are international trade and macroeconomics.[8] His thesis for a BA in international relations at the University of Tokyo was on foreign direct investment and multinational corporations. He wrote his doctoral dissertation at Harvard University on the intertemporal approach to the current account and the game-theoretic analysis of the political economy of international monetary policy coordination and of trade and industrial policies. After joining the Northwestern faculty, he has worked extensively on such topics as international trade, , , , , and . He is, in his own words, “interested in understanding the mechanisms behind macroeconomic instability, structural transformation, as well as inequality across countries, regions, and households, and how they interact with credit market imperfections and product market innovations.”[9] References. [1] Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, https://www.tkfd.or.jp/en/experts/detail.php?id=303 [2] Canon Institute for Global Studies, https://www.canon-igs.org/en/fellows/kiminori_matsuyama.html [3] Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory, https://saet.uiowa.edu/economic-theory-fellows/ [4] “Special New Year’s Colloquy: Priority Issues for Public Policy Research (Part I),” https://www.tkfd.or.jp/en/research/detail.php?id=668 [5] Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies(IMES), https://www.imes.boj.or.jp/english/index.html [6] http://faculty.wcas.northwestern.edu/~kmatsu/vita.pdf [7] https://www.canon-igs.org/en/fellows/kiminori_matsuyama.html [8] https://www.canon-igs.org/en/fellows/kiminori_matsuyama.html [9] https://www.college-de-france.fr/site/en-economics-innovation-lab/Clement-Malgouyres__1.htm Ravensburg Ravensburg is a town in Upper Swabia in southern Germany. It is the capital of the district of Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg. As of 2002, it has about 48,000 people. Ravensburg was first mentioned in 1088. In the Middle Ages, it was an Imperial Free City and an important trading centre. The "Great Ravensburg Trading Society" ("Große Ravensburger Handelsgesellschaft") owned shops and trading companies all over Europe. The historic town centre is still very much intact, including three town gates and over 10 towers of the medieval fortification. The town's most popular festival is the "Rutenfest" in mid year. Hurricane Bud (2018) Hurricane Bud was a severe Atlantic tropical cyclone in June 2018. The storm struck Baja California Peninsula and Northwestern Mexico. Bud was an unusual Category 4 hurricane when it hit Baja California Peninsula. At her peak, Bud had winds of . The Mighty B! The Mighty B! is a Nickelodeon television programme made by Erik Wiese, Cynthia True, and Amy Poehler, who also voices the main character. The series used to be called Super Scout before changing its name. Its first episode premiered on April 26, 2008. The show is about around a little girl named Bessie Higgenbottom, who wants earn all of the Camp Scout "honey bee" badges. If she has all the badges, she will earn the "Mighty B" award. A second season aired on September 17, 2008. 20 episodes are supposed to air in season one, with another new season being aired in 2009 with another 20 episodes. A sneak peek of the show premiered on Sunday, November 25 along with "Making Fiends" and "The Penguins of Madagascar". "So Happy Together" was available on an exclusive sneak-peek DVD included with the "SpongeBob's Atlantis SquarePantis" DVD before the show premiered. The first episode was also shown on The-N network. Character list. Main characters. The Higgenbottom Family V354 Cephei V354 Cephei is a red supergiant star that is 9,000 light years away from the Sun. It has a diameter that is between 690 and 1,520 times bigger than the Sun. This means it is among the largest known stars. It is in the constellation Cepheus. Pollux (star) Pollux is an orange giant star. It is the brightest star in the Gemini constellation. It's diameter is . Once a type A star, Pollux has used all the hydrogen in its core and expanded to become a giant. It is located at a distance of 34 light years, which makes it the closest giant star to the Sun. In 2006, an extrasolar planet (designated Pollux b, formally named Thestias) was confirmed to be orbiting the star at a distance of 1.64 AU in nearly a circular orbit. Grey DeLisle Grey DeLisle (born August 12, 1972) is an American voice actress, comedian, clown, jester,mime and singer-songwriter. She is known for her voice roles as numerous characters of Wubbzy from Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!, Vicky from "The Fairly OddParents", Samantha "Sam" Manson from "Danny Phantom", Frankie Foster, Duchess and Goo from "Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends", Azula from "", Queen Joseph from "CyberAdult Girls", Rose and Biscuit from "Violet's Life", Mythra Lighter from "Destiny's Side", Olivia / Mystery Puzzler from "Kingdom Gamers", Princess Ms. Chalice from "The Cuphead Show!", Kimiko Tohomiko from "Xiaolin Showdown", and Prince Puppycorn from "Unikitty!". She has also been the voice of Daphne Blake in the "Scooby-Doo" cartoons and direct-to-videos and other appearances since 2000. Basenji The Basenji is a breed of dog. They are known for being one of the smartest dogs. Basenji are excellent at hunting, They are also hunting dogs which can help people find animals. The Basenji is often said to be the "barkless" dog. They are also described as being "talking dogs", This is because they don't "bark" like other dogs. They make a unique sound which is like a yodel. They are clean dogs. Basenji are more cat-like than other dogs because of this. They spend a large amount of time cleaning themselves when they have any dirt on their coats. Like cats, Basenjis use their paws to clean themselves. This causes them to rarely have any smell about them. Basenjis are around the size of a terrier. They have have wrinkles on their foreheads. They are wonderfully friendly by nature as well as being inquisitive and confident. A Basenji forms a very strong and close bond with a family and in particular with one person in a household. Arthur Eddington Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington (28 December 1882 – 22 November 1944) was an important English scientist. He was an astronomer, physicist, and mathematician in the early 20th century. Eddington did his greatest work in astrophysics. He was also a philosopher of science and a populariser of science. The Eddington limit is named after him. It is the natural limit to the luminosity of stars, or the radiation generated by accretion onto a compact object (which is what causes the luminosity). Around 1920, he anticipated the discovery and mechanism of nuclear fusion in stars. This was published in his paper "The Internal Constitution of the Stars". At that time, the source of stellar energy was a complete mystery; Eddington was the first to correctly speculate that the source was fusion of hydrogen into helium. He is also famous for his work on the theory of relativity. Eddington wrote a number of articles that explained Einstein's theory of general relativity to the English-speaking world. World War I severed many lines of scientific communication and new developments in German science were not well known in England. He also conducted an expedition to observe the solar eclipse of 29 May 1919. That gave one of the earliest confirmations of general relativity.The observations showed that light from stars which passed close by the Sun was slightly bent towards the Sun. This was predicted by the general theory of relativity. He became known for his popular expositions and interpretations of the theory. Alfred Jewel The Alfred Jewel is a small piece of Anglo-Saxon goldsmith's work made of enamel and quartz enclosed in gold. It was discovered in 1693, in North Petherton, Somerset, England, and is now one of the most popular exhibits at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. It is named after King Alfred, a famous king of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex. List of people from Bihar This is the list of the famous people belonging from the Bihar state of India. Politicians. Dr. Srikrishna Sinha alias Sri Babu, Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Jagjiwan Ram, Karpoori Thakur, Smt. Meera Kumar, Rajiv Ranjan Singh Lalan, Sushil Modi, Orator. Rashtriya Janata Dal. Samata Party Garhpura Namak Satyagrah Gaurav Yatra Mohali Mohali is a city in the Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar district, Punjab, India. It is the headquarters of Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar district. It was officially named after Sahibzada Ajit Singh as SAS Nagar ("The City of Sahibzada Ajit Singh"). He was the eldest son of Guru Gobind Singh. It is still known popularly as 'Mohali'. Demographics. As per 2011 census Mohali had a population of 176,170. In this males were 92,301 and females were 83,869. The literacy rate was 91.96% per cent. The sex ratio of Mohali is 909 females per 1000 males. Sikhism is the majority religion in Mohali. About 51.53% of the people are Sikhs. Hinduism is the second most followed religion here. 45.5% people in Mohali are Hindus. Minority religions here are Muslims, Christians, Buddhists and Jains. 2018 California gubernatorial election The 2018 California gubernatorial election took place on 6 November 2018, and elected the next Governor of California. The incumbent governor, Jerry Brown, could not run in the election due to term limits. Gavin Newsom easily won the election. Newsom's victory was the largest victory in a gubernatorial election in California since 1950. Primary election. The top-two candidates moved on to the general election. The primary election occurred on 5 June 2018. Results by county. Red represents counties won by Cox. Blue represents counties won by Newsom. Yellow represents counties won by Villaraigosa. General election. The general election took place on 6 November 2018. Results by county. Here are the results of the election by county. Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar district Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar district is one of the 22 districts of Punjab, India. It was formed in April 2006. This is the 18th district of Punjab. This was created next to Pathankot district. It was officially named after Sahibzada Ajit Singh as SAS Nagar" ("The City of Sahibzada Ajit Singh"). Sahibzada Ajit Singh was the eldest son of Guru Gobind Singh. Demographics. According to the 2011 census, SAS Nagar district had a population of 986,147. SAS Nagar has a sex ratio of 878 females for every 1,000 males, This district has a literacy rate of 84.9%. Muthuvan language Muthuvan language is a Dravidian tribal language. This language is related to or came from Tamil. 16,800 people speak this language. Diesel locomotive A diesel locomotive is a locomotive powered by a diesel engine. The diesel engine drives the locomotive's wheels through a transmission system. Diesel locomotives are very popular worldwide, due to their ease of use and reliability. They can be more powerful than steam locomotives and do not need an expensive power grid like electric locomotives. Transmission systems. Through a gearbox, shaft or chain (diesel-mechanical) By generating electricity which is in turn used to power the wheels (diesel-electric). This is the kind most used. By using a hydraulic transmission system (diesel-hydraulic) Halina Aszkiełowicz-Wojno Halina Aszkiełowicz-Wojno (4 February 1947 – 22 June 2018) was a former Polish volleyball player. She was a member of Poland women's national volleyball team in 1965–1973, a bronze medalist of the Olympic Games Mexico 1968, medalist of the European Championship (silver in 1967, bronze in 1971). Aszkiełowicz-Wojno died on 22 June 2018 at the age of 71. FOXP2 FOXP2 is a gene which codes for a protein needed for speech and language. It codes for "Forkhead box protein P2", which is needed for the proper development of speech and language in humans. Versions of this gene occur in many vertebrates, where it generally plays a role in communication (for instance, the development of bird song). "FOXP2" is the first gene found which affects speech and language. The gene is more active in females than in males. In humans, mutations of "FOXP2" cause a severe speech and language disorder. "FOXP2" is popularly dubbed the "language gene", but this is only partly correct since there are other genes involved in language development. It directly regulates a number of other genes, including "CNTNAP2", "CTBP1", and "SRPX2". Two amino acid substitutions distinguish the human "FOXP2" protein from that found in chimpanzees. Evidence suggests that these changes affect the functions of "FOXP2". Langdon, North Dakota Langdon is a city in Cavalier County in the state of North Dakota, United States. It is the county seat of Cavalier County. The population was 1,878 at the 2010 census. Langdon was made the county seat in 1884. It was incorporated in 1885. Multiple unit Multiple unit may refer to: Hannah, North Dakota Hannah is a city in Cavalier County in the state of North Dakota, United States. The population was 15 at the 2010 census. It was founded in 1897. Magalì Vettorazzo Maria "Magalì" Vettorazzo (16 March 1942 – 18 June 2018) was an Italian female pentathlete. She competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics and finished in 21st place. Vettorazzo was born in Preganziol, Italy. Vettorazzo died on 18 June 2018 at the age of 76. Katriina Elovirta Katriina Elovirta (15 February 1961 – 19 June 2018) was a Finnish female association footballer. She was a well known international match referee. She served as a referee with FIFA between 1995 to 2003. She also worked as a development manager for the Finnish Football Association until her death. Elovirta died at age 57 after a long illness on 19 June 2018. Laurence Street Commodore Sir Laurence Whistler Street, AC, KCMG, KStJ, QC (3 July 1926 – 21 June 2018) was an Australian jurist. He was born in Sydney. He served as the fourteenth and second youngest Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New South Wales from 1974 to 1988 and Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales from 1974 to 1989. Street died on the night of 21 June 2018 in Sydney at the age of 91. Nahum Korzhavin Nahum (Naum) Moiseyevich Korzhavin (; real surname Mandel, ; 14 October 1925 – 22 June 2018) was a Russian-American poet. He was born in Kiev of Jewish descent, He worked and lived in Boston, Massachusetts during most of his career. In 2005 Korzhavin participated in "They Chose Freedom", a four-part television documentary on the history of the Soviet dissident movement. He wrote many memoirs and novels about dissidents. Korzhavin died in Chapel Hill, North Carolina on 22 June 2018 at the age of 92. Olga Krzyżanowska Olga Teresa Krzyżanowska (10 September 1929 – 22 June 2018) was a Polish politician. She was born in Warsaw. Krzyżanowska served as a Senator of Poland and a Member of the Sejm from 1989 to 2005. Krzyżanowska died on 22 June 2018 in Gdansk from respiratory failure at the age of 88. Dick Leitsch Richard Joseph Leitsch (May 11, 1935 – June 22, 2018), also known as Richard Valentine Leitsch and more commonly Dick Leitsch, was an American LGBT rights activist. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky. He was president of gay rights group the Mattachine Society in the 1960s. He led many walkouts and sit-ins during protests to support the LGBT community. During the Stonewall riots, Leitsch was the first gay journalist to report on the riot. Lietsch died from liver cancer in Manhattan on June 22, 2018, aged 83. Geoffrey Oryema Geoffrey Oryema (16 April 1953 – 22 June 2018) was a Ugandan-born French musician. Oryema was born in Soroti, Uganda. He was smuggled out of the country and moved to France where his career would be based from. He sang in the languages of his youth, Swahili and Acholi, the languages of the lost country, the 'clear green land' of Uganda, and he also sang in English and French. Oryema died on 22 June 2018 in France of cardiac arrest at the age of 65. Vinnie Paul Vincent Paul Abbott (March 11, 1964 – June 22, 2018), also known as Vinnie Paul, was an American heavy metal drummer, guitarist, songwriter and producer. He was born in Abilene, Texas. He was best known for being the former drummer, and co-founder, of the heavy metal band Pantera. He was a member of Hellyeah. He also co-founded the heavy metal band Damageplan in 2003 with his younger brother, Dimebag Darrell. Paul died on June 22, 2018 in Las Vegas, Nevada at the age of 54. It was later revealed that Abbott had died from a "dilated cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease." Waldir Pires Francisco Waldir Pires de Souza (21 October 1926 – 22 June 2018) was a Brazilian politician. He served as Minister of Defence under President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, before being fired in 2007. From 1987 to 1989, he served as Governor of Bahia. He was born in Acajutiba, Brazil. Pires died on 22 June 2018 in Rio de Janeiro of multiple organ failure at the age of 91. Koro Wētere Koro Tainui Wētere (22 June 1935 – 23 June 2018) was a New Zealand politician. He was an MP from 1969 to 1996, representing the Labour Party. He served as Minister of Māori Affairs from 1984 to 1990. He was a member of the Ngāti Maniapoto tribe. Wētere died in Te Kuiti on 23 June 2018, one day after turning 83. Lalu Prasad Yadav Lallu Prasad Yadav is an Indian politician from Bihar. He is the former Chief Minister of Bihar. He became the Chief Minister of Bihar in 1990, but was made to resign in 1997 several times. He was a member of parliament of the 15th Lok Sabha. He is also president and founder of the Rashtriya Janata Dal. Bogie A bogie (called a truck in North American English) is a chassis, with wheels, attached to a rail vehicle, such as a boxcar. A bogie usually has four or six wheels. Each rail vehicle has a pair of bogies. The bogies can turn slightly to allow the rail vehicle to pass easily around curves in the railway track. Nalchik Nalchik (; Kabardian: //; //) is the capital city of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia. It is in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains. In 2010, 240,203 people lived there. Elista Elista ( or ; , "Elst") is the capital city of Kalmykia, Russia. In 2010, 103,749 people lived there. Innamaadhoo (Raa Atoll) Innamaadhoo (Dhivehi: އިއްނަމާދޫ) <br> This island is an inhabited island in Raa atoll. Like other islands, this island is made out of sand from corals. People. The inhabitants are Maldivians and they speak their language, Dhivehi.  Economy. The economy of Innamaadhoo is built on carpentry. So, when you look at the whole country, the most carpenting experts are mostly from Innamaadhoo. From very small fishing boats to giant safari boats are built in this island. Even if wheat was grown few decades back, farming is not a very wide field. If we look at fishing, the islanders used to fish a lot in the 90's. So, putting salt on fish was a very wide field. But now, as the field perished, fishermen and fish-sellers are very less. The reason is believed to be because carpentry gives a lot of money (carpentry is a very good money-maker). In the field of tourism, inhabitants aren't directly contributing. It may be because there is no resort nearby. But diving boats, row boats, and ferries, etc. (needed for resorts) are built a lot here.  Soglio, Switzerland Soglio is a village and a former municipality in the district of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Graubünden close to the border with Italy. It is part of the municipality of Bregaglia. Stampa Stampa is a former municipality of the district of Maloja in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. On 1 January 2010 the municipalities of Bondo, Castasegna, Soglio, Stampa, and Vicosoprano merged into a new municipality of Bregaglia. Lägh da Cavloc is in the Val Forno. Silvaplana Silvaplana () is a municipality of the district of Maloja in the Swiss canton of Graubünden and the name of a lake in the municipality. Soglio Soglio can mean: Schongau Schongau can mean: Ringsted Ringsted is a city in Denmark with a population of around 20,000. Ringsted is about 60 km from the capital Copenhagen. Fontvieille, Monaco Fontvieille is the southernmost ward in the Principality of Monaco. It was developed by an Italian architect, Manfredi Nicoletti, between the 1970s and the 1990s. Fontvieille is twinned with Santa Maria a Monte, Italy, since 1991. Basic income A universal basic income (UBI) or simply basic income is a social program in which all citizens of a population regularly receive a sum of money from the government. A pure or unconditional basic income has no means test, much like Social Security in the United States. Basic income can be implemented nationally, regionally or locally. The idea gained attention in recent years because people fear that technology will make many jobs obsolete in the future. The idea has never been put in place by any country yet, but there have been some experimental trials. In a 2016 survey, 64% of Europeans voted for an UBI. Concept. An UBI is an income for everyone. There would be neither a social administrative means test nor a requirement of willingness to work. On the other hand, tax- and contribution-financed social benefits like unemployment benefit, social assistance or child benefit would no longer apply. The incomes would be: History. The Roman emperor Trajan gave 650 denarii to all common Roman citizens who applied. In the 1516 book "Utopia", Sir Thomas More describes a society in which every person receives a guaranteed income. In 1984, the Basic Income Research Group began researching on basic income. In the 21st century, the idea gained attention because many people fear that artificial intelligence (AI) and automation will make many jobs obsolete in the near future. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a petition in Europe called for an "emergency basic income". It got more than 200,000 signatures. The public opinion was largely positive. Reasons and arguments. Automation. One of the most popular reasons for an UBI is that artificial intelligence (AI) and automation will make many jobs obsolete in the near future. However, people still have to get enough money to live, even when there is no work for them anymore. An UBI could be a good solution for this problem. Better working conditions. Advocates of UBI say that with basic income, unattractive jobs would have to be better paid and their working conditions improved. This is because there is still a need for people who do this kind of work. And if they already get enough money from UBI, there has to be an incentive for doing these jobs. Better society. Some hope that an UBI will lead to a happier and fairer society with fewer debates about envy. Some people also think that an UBI could make society more creative because people would no longer have the pressure to work. For example, people would have more time to educate themselves or find things they are interested in. Some believe that an UBI will increase the willingness to take risks because everyone would be financially secure to some degree. This would promote a culture of ingenuity and increase the spirit of invention. Notable advocates. There are many prominent advocates of universal basic income. The English-language Wikipedia has a whole article about UBI advocates. This section here only lists the most notable advocates. Pilot programs and experiments. Since the 1960s, there have been a number of basic income pilot programs and experiments. Some examples include: Vladikavkaz Vladikavkaz (, lit. "ruler of the Caucasus", formerly known as Ordzhonikidze () and Dzaudzhikau (), is the capital city of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia. It is in the southeast of the republic at the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains, on the Terek River. As of 2010, 311,693 people lived there. It is one of the most populous cities in the North Caucasus. The city is an industrial and transportation center. Manufactured products include processed zinc and lead, machinery, chemicals, clothing and food products. Corcelles Corcelles is the name or part of the name of several places: Cryptocurrency Cryptocurrency is a type of currency which uses digital files as money. Usually, the files are created using the same ways as cryptography (the science of hiding information). Digital signatures can be used to keep the transactions safe, and to let other people check that the transactions are real. The first cryptocurrencies were made to be free of government-given currencies. Cryptocurrencies are usually not controlled by any one person, but instead they are decentralized and controlled by many people. This is different to 'centralized' electronic money and central banks which are controlled by a small amount of people. The control of each cryptocurrency works through a distributed ledger (a list of transactions shared by everyone), usually a blockchain. This lets everyone know all of the financial transactions that have taken place. Bitcoin, first released as open-source software in 2009, is often called the first decentralized cryptocurrency. Since then, over 4,000 cryptocurrencies (sometimes called altcoins, which is short for "alternative coins") have been created. The value problem. In many cases, cryptocurrencies cannot be converted to real currencies; it is only possible to convert them to other cryptocurrencies, or to use them to buy things. Some cryptocurrencies can be converted to real currencies: They usually have a high volatility, and using them carries a high risk. They are also a target for so-called Pump-and-Dump-Attacks. They act like a big distributed economic system: as they are not issued or controlled by central banks, their value is difficult to influence: For this reason, they cannot really take the place of a stable currency. Cryptocurrencies are prone to speculation, which makes building a system of more or less stable exchange rates very difficult. Another problem is the inequality of distribution: Many cryptocurrencies are held by only few people. As an example: about 1.000 people hold half of the total amount of bitcoins in the world. This means that if any of these people start using the Bitcoin that they own, this will have an effect on the exchange rate. It also means that these people have a great influence on the value of the currency and are able to change its value easily. The currency itself only tells you who owns it. Exchange rates of cryptocurrencies are established outside the system. Exchange rates are given by brokers and traders. What they say is no guarantee that the currency is traded at the value proposed. In itself, the unit of cryptocurrency has no value. In contrast to cryptocurrencies, real currencies are controlled by central banks. Certain economic phenomena such as inflation or deflation may change the value (and exchange rate) of a currency. The people who own units of the currency have no direct influence on its value. Formal definition. According to Jan Lansky, a cryptocurrency is a system that meets six conditions: In March 2018, the word "cryptocurrency" was added to the "Merriam-Webster Dictionary". Crypto mixing. Basically, crypto mixing is a service where tainted bitcoins can become anonymized bitcoins. Bitcoin mixing, also referred to as Bitcoin tumbling or Bitcoin blending, is the process of using a service to make your Bitcoin purchases and transactions untraceable. Instantly mixing Bitcoin is the only way to cover tracks and make your Bitcoin transactions impossible to track. This protects against criminals, hackers, and activities prohibited by the law where Bitcoin is involved, it also protects you against law enforcement. The huge amount of bitcoins on mixing services come from mining pools around the world. Crypto mining. The term crypto mining means gaining cryptocurrencies by solving cryptographic equations through the use of computers. This process involves validating data blocks and adding transaction records to a public record (ledger) known as a blockchain. This verifies transactions that were recently added. On top of maintaining the blockchain’s integrity, verification also prevents double-spending. Villeret Villeret can mean: Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway The Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway (DNSR) was a cross-country railway running north–south between Didcot, Newbury and Winchester in England. The line opened in stages between 1882 and 1885. Owing to lack of money, it never reached Southampton, so trains from Winchester to Southampton went by another route. The line closed between 1960 and 1962 and some sections have become cycle routes. There are plans to build a cafe, the "Handlebar Cafe", on the cycle route near Winchester. David Plouffe David Plouffe (; born May 27, 1967) is an American political strategist who helped propel the Barack Obama Presidential campaign to success in the 2008 US Elections where he served as campaign manager. In 2017, he joined Facebook owner Mark Zuckerberg's wife, Priscilla Chan's charity organization, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, after leaving Uber as a lead effort and advocacy. Plouffe was born in Wilmington, Delaware to Frances Vincent and James Plouffe. Duodecimal The duodecimal system (also known as base 12, dozenal, or rarely uncial) is the number system with a base of twelve. In the duodecimal system, large numbers are expressed by groups of 12. For example, the number fifty (which we usually write as 50) would be written as 42 in the dozenal system, since it is equal to 4×12+2. The number 12 is the smallest number that has four factors (2, 3, 4, 6). If one divide the numbers 10 and 12 with 3, the results will be 3.333... and 4, respectively. Doing the same thing with 6, the results will be 1.666... and 2. Doing the same thing with 5, the results will be 2 and 2.4. So, the duodecimal system can't control the fractions better than the decimal system. How to represent 10 and 11 in duodecimal. There are no numerical symbols that represent 10 and 11 in duodecimal, so letters taken from the English alphabet are used, specifically X (from the Roman numeral for ten) and E (from the initial of eleven). Some people use A and B (as in hexadecimal) as well. Edna Kramer in her 1951 book "The Main Stream of Mathematics" used * and # for decimal 10 and 11. The symbols were chosen because they are available in typewriters and push-button telephones. This article uses "X" and "E" for decimal 10 and 11. Decimonitize Ad. Do you want to prevent the inevitable/expensive switch to duodecimal? You want to keep the number patterns of 1, 25 and 3 in base 10? The only number patterns in duodecimal are 5, 7 and 17. Keep base 10! Put the ecim in decimal today! Alberto Fouilloux Alberto Jorge Fouilloux Ahumada (22 November 1940 – 23 June 2018) was a Chilean football midfielder and striker. He earned 70 caps and scored 12 goals for the Chile national team during his career. After retiring as a player Fouilloux went on to become a manager, serving as head coach of Huachipato and Colo-Colo. Fouilloux died on June 23, 2018 aged 77 in Santiago, Chile of lung cancer. Phan Huy Lê Phan Huy Lê (23 February 1934 – 23 June 2018) was a Vietnamese historian. He was born in Lộc Hà district. He was professor of history at the Hanoi National University. Phan was the author of many studies on village society and Vietnamese history in general. He was thought by many as "doyen of Vietnamese historians." He was also director of the Center for Vietnamese and Intercultural Studies at Vietnam National University, Hanoi. Phan died of heart disease on 23 June 2018 in Hanoi, aged 84. Prime Minister of South Korea The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (국무총리 / 國務總理, "Gungmuchongni") is appointed by the President of South Korea, with the National Assembly's approval. The officeholder is not required to be a member of the National Assembly. The Prime Minister is not the head of government but is similar to that of a vice president. The Sino-Korean word "gungmu" (/) means "state affairs" and "chongni" (/) means "prime minister", "premier" or "chancellor", so the full title in Korean means literally "Prime Minister for State Affairs", but it is not used as official English title. The short title in Korean is just "Chongni". Lee Nak-yeon Lee Nak-yeon (, born 20 December 1951), also known as Lee Nak-yon, is a South Korea politician. He was the 45th Prime Minister of South Korea. Lee Hong-koo Lee Hong-Koo (born May 9, 1934; Hangul: 이홍구; Hanja: 李洪九) is a former Korean academic and politician. He served as a former Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea, former South Korean Ambassador to the United Kingdom and United States, and founding Chairman of the East Asia Institute in Seoul. Lho Shin-yong Lho Shin-yong (Korean: 노신영, 28 February 1930 – 21 October 2019) was a South Korean politician, diplomat and intelligence chief. He served as the 18th Prime Minister, the 18th Foreign Minister and the 12th Director of the Agency of National Security Planning (ANSP, now National Intelligence Service) of the fifth South Korean republic. Lho died in Seoul on 21 October 2019 at the age of 89. Violeta Rivas Ana María Francisca Adinolfi (known by her stage name, Violeta Rivas; 4 October 1937 – 23 June 2018) was an Argentine singer and actress. She was born in Buenos Aires. She was known for singing in the music program "El Club del Clan". She performed "¡Que Suerte!" in Uruguay, which became her greatest hit. Rivas toured Latin America singing melodic songs. After the 1960s, she continued to perform in other films and to sing other songs such as "Colorado", "El Baile del Ladrillo", "El Cardenal", and others. Rivas died of a stroke in Buenos Aires on 4 October 1937, aged 80. Pavel Vranský Pavel Vranský (29 April 1921 – 24 June 2018) was a Czech brigadier general. He was known for serving during the Siege of Tobruk. He is a recipient of the War Cross and Medal of Merit He was born in Lipník nad Bečvou. Vranský died on 24 June 2018 in Lipník, aged 97. Nitish Kumar Nitish Kumar (born 1 March 1951) is an Indian politician. He has been the chief minister of Bihar from 2015 until 2022. He is the President of Janata Dal (United) who is best known for his non tolerance policy against corruption. Francine Muyumba Francine Fuhara Muyumba (born 18 February 1987) is a Congolese youth leader serving as President of the Pan African Youth Union. In 2011, Muyumba became the first International Student to be elected President of the University of Namibia Student Representative Council. The other International student to have held the position was Joseph Kalimbwe seven years later. In 2017, Muyumba was chosen among the 100 Influential young Africans. Nickel–zinc battery A nickel–zinc battery, abbreviated NiZn, is a type of rechargeable battery with a voltage of 1.6 V. Large nickel–zinc battery systems have been known for over 100 years. Since 2000, development of a stabilized zinc electrode system has made this technology competitive with other commercially available rechargeable battery systems. Cells in "AA" and "AAA" sizes are available. University of Namibia The University of Namibia (UNAM) is the largest university in Namibia. It was founded by an act of the National Assembly on 31 August 1992 and has 12 campuses, 8 faculties and 5 schools spread across the country. It has close to 24,000 studying on full time, part time and distance learning. Depolarizer A depolarizer or depolariser is a substance used in a primary cell to prevent buildup of hydrogen gas bubbles. This would interfere with the working of the cell. Manganese dioxide is a widely used depolarizer. Fire-tube boiler A fire-tube boiler is a type of boiler in which hot gases pass from a fire through many tubes. These run through a sealed container of water. The heat of the gases passes through the walls of the tubes, and this heats the water and creates steam. Most steam locomotives have fire-tube boilers. Motor–generator A motor–generator is a device for converting electrical power to another form. Motor–generator sets are used to convert frequency, voltage, or phase of power. They may also be used to isolate electrical loads from the electrical power supply line. Large motor–generators were widely used to convert industrial amounts of power while smaller motor–generators were used to convert battery power to higher voltages. Nowadays, motor–generators have largely been replaced by semiconductor devices. Examples include rectifiers for converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) and inverters for converting DC to AC. AAR wheel arrangement AAR wheel arrangement is a system for classifying locomotives used in North America. It is a simplified form of the UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements. Wheel arrangement For wheel arrangement systems, see: Ken Albiston Kenneth Ian Albiston (11 November 1926 – 20 June 2018) was an Australian rules footballer. He played for Richmond and Melbourne in the VFL. He served in the royal air force during the last years of World War II. He was born in Balwyn, Victoria. Albiston died on 20 June 2018 in Melbourne, Victoria at the age of 91. Richard Benjamin Harrison Richard Benjamin Harrison Jr. (also known by the nicknames The Old Man and The Appraiser; March 4, 1941 – June 25, 2018) was an American businessman and reality television personality. He was born in Danville, Virginia, but raised in Lexington, North Carolina. He was best known as the co-owner of the World Famous Gold & Silver Pawn Shop, as featured on the History channel series "Pawn Stars". Harrison was usually referred to by his nickname, "The Old Man". Harrison died on June 25, 2018 in Las Vegas, Nevada from Parkinson's disease at the age of 77. Jamsheed Marker Jamsheed Marker (Hilal-e-Imtiaz) (24 November 1922 – 21 June 2018) was a Pakistani diplomat. He served as Ambassador to the United States serving from 17 September 1986 to 30 June 1989. He was the head of mission during the administrations of Prime Ministers Muhammad Khan Junejo and Benazir Bhutto. He helped negotiate the Soviet military withdrawal from Afghanistan. Marker died on 21 June 2018 in Karachi at the age of 95. Francesco Forleo Francesco Forleo (13 November 1941 – 24 June 2018) was an Italian politician and policeman. He served as a Deputy from 1987 to 1994. He was born in Turin. Forleo died of dementia in Genoa on 24 June 2018 at the age of 76. Etna, California Etna is a city in the Scott Valley area of Siskiyou County, California, United States. The population was 737 at the 2010 census, down from 781 at the 2000 census. Montague, California Montague is a city in Siskiyou County, California, United States. The population was 1,443 at the 2010 census, down from 1,456 at the 2000 census. Ismael Balkhi Sayed Isma'el Balkhi () was a poet, political activist and cleric in Afghanistan during the twentieth century. He was one of the thinkers and pioneers of the Islamic Movement of Afghanistan. Siskiyou County, California Siskiyou County ( ) is a county in the northernmost part of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 44,900. The county seat is Yreka. Siskiyou County is in the Cascade Mountains on the Oregon border. Yreka, California Yreka ( ) is the county seat of Siskiyou County, California, United States. It is near the Shasta River at 2,500 feet (760 m) above sea level and covering about 10.1 sq mi (26 km2) area, of which most is land. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 7,765, reflecting an increase of 475 from the 7,290 counted in the 2000 Census. In 1941, it was proposed that Yreka were to be the capital city of the proposed Jefferson state, which would be made-up of southern Oregon and northern California. Baikonur Cosmodrome Baikonur Cosmodrome (; ) is a spaceport in southern Kazakhstan. It is the first and most active space port in the world. It is leased to Russia until 2050, and is managed by Roskosmos and the Russian aerospace forces. It was originally built by the Soviet Union in the late 1950s. There are many commercial, military and scientific rocket launches each year All crewed Russian spaceflights are launched from Baikonur. Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, was launched from Baikonur in 1957. Vostok 1, the first human spaceflight, was also launched from Baikonur, carrying Yuri Gagarin. The launchpad used for both of these missions was renamed Gagarin's Start. Proton (rocket family) Proton is an expandable launch vehicle used for both commercial and Russian government launches. It is still in use as of 2018. All Protons are built at Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center, and are then launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome. It can launch around 22.8 tonnes to Low Earth orbit, and it can launch around 6.3 tonnes to Geostationary orbit. It is expected to be retired before 2030. It was originally created as a super heavy Intercontinental ballistic missile. The first Proton rocket was launced in 1965. Proton's design was kept secret until 1986. It launched several sections of the Mir space station, and also launched two modules to the ISS. North British Locomotive Company The North British Locomotive Company (NBL) was created in 1903 through the merger of three Scottish locomotive manufacturing companies. They were Sharp, Stewart and Company and Neilson, Reid and Company and Dübs and Company. This created the largest locomotive manufacturing company in Europe at the time. The company closed in 1962. Volatility In economics, the term volatility is used to measure how much the price or value of an economic good or service changes over time. Goods or services where the price changes a lot are said to have a "high volatility", those that don't have a "low volatility". The word come from the Latin verb "volare" meaning "to fly". In the securities markets, volatility is often associated with big swings in either direction. For example, when the stock market rises and falls more than one percent over a sustained period of time, it is called a "volatile" market. An asset's volatility is a key factor when pricing options contracts. In statistical terms, volatility is the standard deviation of a market or security’s annualised returns over a given period - essentially the rate at which its price increases or decreases. Historical volatility is calculated using a series of past market prices, while implied volatility looks at expected future volatility, using the market price of a market-traded derivative like an option. Causes of volatility. Market volatility is caused by a host of several factors Josh Hawley Joshua David Hawley (born December 31, 1979) is an American politician. He is the junior United States Senator of Missouri since January 3, 2019. He was the Attorney General of Missouri from 2017 to 2019. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was born in Lexington, Missouri. Hawley studied at Stanford University and at Yale University. He is a former law clerk to Chief Justice John Roberts of the Supreme Court. In October 2017, Hawley announced his candidacy for U.S. Senate. He defeated Claire McCaskill in the general election in November 2018. Geoff Case Geoff Case (18 September 1935 – 22 June 2018) was an Australian rules footballer. He played in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He was born in Victoria, Australia. Case was a tough midfielder and played his 122 VFL games for Melbourne, which included the 1955, 1957, 1959 and 1960 winning grand finals. He also represented the VFL, but retired at the relatively young age of just twenty-six in 1962. Case died on 22 June 2018 in Melbourne at the age of 82. Deanna Lund Deanna Lund (May 30, 1937 – June 22, 2018) was an American actress. She was born in Oak Park, Illinois. Lund was best known for her role in the Irwin Allen television series "Land of the Giants", where she played the character of Valerie Ames Scott. Lund died on June 22, 2018 at her home in Century City, California of pancreatic cancer, aged 81. Constance Adams Constance Adams (16 July, 1964 – 25 June, 2018) was an American space architect. He worked in the space program. In the late 1990s she was employed by Lockheed Martin Space Operations, to support the NASA’s Mars exploration research efforts at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. Among other projects, Adams was involved in developing the Lockheed-Martin design of an inflatable module for the International Space Station. Adams died of colorectal cancer in Houston on June 25, 2018, aged 53. Tony Evers Anthony Steven Evers (born November 5, 1951) is an American politician and educator. He is the 46th and current Governor of Wisconsin. He was elected Governor on November 6, 2018, defeating Scott Walker. Before becoming Governor, he served as the 26th Superintendent of Public Instruction of Wisconsin from 2009 to 2019. Evers serves as President of the Council of Chief State School Officers and was Wisconsin's Deputy Superintendent of Public Instruction from 2001 to 2009. Evers was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Wisconsin in the 2018 gubernatorial election. His running mate is community organizer Mandela Barnes. Evers won the election by 1%. Evers had esophageal cancer before undergoing intensive surgery in 2008. Lance Franklin Lance Franklin (or Buddy Franklin) was born on 30 January 1987. In his early life he had grown up to love AFL and view as many matches as he could, but his passion did not just stop there, he was a star on the AFL field as a young boy and eventually pursued his passion to the point he is at now, an international level. Franklin was born in Perth, Western Australia, into a family of Indigenous Australians (Noongar-Wajuk) and grew up in Dowerin supporting the Melbourne Football Club. When he was 15, he won a sports scholarship and was educated at Wesley College. He played one senior game for the Perth Football Club in 2004, kicking one goal, and represented Western Australia at the 2004 AFL Under 18 Championships. Franklin has won two premierships, four All-Australian team awards, two Coleman Medals and a Peter Crimmins Medal in his time at Hawthorn, he also kicked the AFL Goal of the Year twice (in 2010 and 2013). He also was nominated for the AFL Rising Star award in the 2005 season. After winning his second premiership at Hawthorn, Franklin moved to the Sydney Swans at the end of the 2013 season, before representing Australia in the 2013 International Rules Series. Franklin had an incredible impact at Sydney, where he won three All-Australian selections and two more Coleman Medals. Awards AFL AWARDS Premiership side 2008, 2013 Coleman Medal 2008, 2011, 2014, 2017 All-Australian 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2017 International Rules Series 2013 CLUB AWARDS Leading goalkicker 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 Players' Player 2016 Grigory Barenblatt Grigory Isaakovich Barenblatt (; July 10, 1927 – June 21, 2018) was a Russian mathematician. He was born in Moscow. He was an emeritus Professor in Residence at the Department of Mathematics of the University of California, Berkeley and Mathematician at Department of Mathematics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Barenblatt died on June 21, 2018 at the age of 90. W. S. Merwin William Stanley Merwin (September 30, 1927 – March 15, 2019) was an American poet. He was mainly active during the anti-Vietnam War era. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry (in both 1971 and 2009), the National Book Award for Poetry (2005) and the Tanning Prize, one of the highest honors bestowed by the Academy of American Poets, as well as the Golden Wreath of the Struga Poetry Evenings. In 2010, the Library of Congress named Merwin the seventeenth United States Poet Laureate to replace the outgoing Kay Ryan. Merwin died at his home in Haiku, Hawaii on March 15, 2019 from a heart attack, aged 91. Charles Simic Charles Simic (; born Dušan Simić; May 9, 1938) is a Serbian American poet. He was the co-poetry editor of the "Paris Review". He received the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1990 for "The World Doesn't End", and was a finalist of the Pulitzer Prize in 1986 for "Selected Poems, 1963-1983" and in 1987 for "Unending Blues". Simic was appointed the fifteenth Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 2007. Michelle Clunie Michelle Renee Clunie (born November 7, 1969) is an American actress, dancer and activist. She is best known for her roles as Melanie Marcus on Showtime's series "Queer as Folk" and as Ellen Beals on "Make It or Break It". She is currently a star on MTV’s "Teen Wolf" as Mrs. Finch. Creed discography The following article is a complete discography for Creed, an American rock band. Formed in 1993 in Tallahassee, Florida, Creed released three studio albums and one compilation album before breaking up in 2004 due to tension between members. However, they reunited in 2009 to release a new studio album. Creed have sold over 53 million albums worldwide. The band's discography consists of four studio albums, two compilation albums, one live video release, one extended play and a host of guest contributions to other albums. Guest appearances. Creed produced the soundtrack to "Scream 3" in 2000, from which the single "What If" was released (the song originally appeared on the band's "Human Clay" album from 1999). The song "Is This the End?" was also specifically recorded for the soundtrack. Other songs contributed to soundtracks include "Bound & Tied" ("Dead Man on Campus"), "I'm Eighteen" ("The Faculty"), "To Whom It May Concern" ("The Scorpion King"), and "Young Grow Old" ("WWF Forceable Entry"). "I'm Eighteen" is a cover of the Alice Cooper song of the same name. Creed were also at Woodstock 1999, where they played many of their hits as well as The Doors' song "Roadhouse Blues", during which they were joined by Doors' guitarist Robby Krieger. The performance was later included on the compilation CD of that event. In 2000, the band contributed a studio cover of "Riders on the Storm" for The Doors tribute album " (a song they also performed at Woodstock). All of these tracks are included on the band's 2015 compilation ", along with other assorted b-sides and rarities. R. Scott Bakker Richard Scott Bakker (born February 2, 1967, Simcoe, Ontario) is a Canadian fantasy author. He also lectures in the South Western Ontario university community. He grew up on a tobacco farm in the Simcoe area. In 1986 he attended the University of Western Ontario and studied literature. He later completed an MA in theory and criticism. After further study in philosophy at Vanderbilt University he returned to London, Ontario where he now lives with his wife and daughter. He spends his time writing fiction and study. Works. Fiction. The Second Apocalypse. R. Scott Bakker's major work is a series known as "The Second Apocalypse," which he began developing in the 1980s. The series was first planned as series of three books. The first two books were to be the "The Prince of Nothing" and "The Aspect-Emperor". The third book has been called "The Book That Shall Not Be Named" by Bakker. He thought the title of this book was a spoiler for the first two books. Bakker began writing the books in the early 2000s. He found he needed to split each of the three books into its own sub-series to include all of the characters, themes and ideas he wished to explore. The first two books have now become trilogies, and the third book, which is currently two volumes, may expand to a third. Science Fiction, Thrillers, Mystery, and Other Works. Neuropath. A science fiction novel about a serial killer whose knowledge allows them to control the human brain. Published in 2008. The Disciple of the Dog. The story of a private investigator, Disciple Manning, who suffers from a condition like Hyperthymesia. Published in 2010. Philosophy. Bakker developed ideas which are the basis of his Blind Brain Theory and Heuristic Neglect Theory. Blind Brain Hypothesis. A short essay about his Blind Brain Hypothesis", "published 2008. It was based on ideas that were part of his novel, "Neuropath. "These ideas were about the limits of human consciousness, for example how the eye does not see all the colors because they are beyond our field of vision. We are only aware of a tiny part of all the information our brains process, and this means that what we experience is largely an illusion. Bakker wrote that the scientific method and its progress would one day give us insights into human behavior that we could not imagine now. He argued in the future there would be some kind of brain–computer interface. The Semantic Apocalypse. In 2008, Bakker presented "The End of the World As We Know It: Neuroscience and the Semantic Apocalypse" at Western University's Centre for the Study of Theory and Criticism. This was based on ideas from "Neuropath, "a fictional world where the technologies of neuroscience have reached technical and social maturity and prevalence. Bakker says that science is now used to explain the natural world, rather than folk stories. He says that one day science will also explain how our brains work, and how that affects our behaviour. Human behaviour is not always rational, and society has ignored this cognitive bias. Bakker's Blind Brain Hypothesis is that we are only conscious of a tiny part of the information processed by our brains. Because of this we do not fully understand our thoughts and behaviours. Bakker noted the amount of money now being spent to use neuroscience to improve marketing techniques. Three Pound Brain. In May 2010, Bakker began a blog called "Three Pound Brain." Bakker has used the blog to explore and write about his philosophical ideas. He also uses it for copies of his past academic work, speculative pieces, and samples and drafts of his fiction writing. Back to Square One. An essay published on "Scientia Salon," November 2014. Crash Space. Science fiction short story released in "Midwest Studies in Philosophy". From Scripture to Fantasy. A paper published in "Cosmos and History," January 2017. On Alien Philosophy. "On Alien Philosophy" was first published on "Three Pound Brain", August 2015, it was later rewritten for the "Journal of Consciousness Studies", Feb 2017. Deneb Deneb (also named Arided, α Cygni, alpha Cygni, α Cyg) is the brightest star in the constellation of Cygnus. It, along with Vega, and Altair make up the Summer Triangle asterism. It has an apparent magnitude of 1.25, which means that it is the 20th brightest star in the night sky. However its distance from the sun and luminosity are difficult to calculate, but it's distance is estimated to be approximately 2,600 light years away. It is thought to be between 55,000 and 196,000 times as luminous as the Sun. Deneb is a blue supergiant that is 203 times larger than the Sun. Deneb will be the Pole Star in the year 9800 AD. John Francis Jackson John Francis Jackson, DFC (23 February 1908 – 28 April 1942) was an Australian fighter ace and squadron commander of World War II. He had eight aerial victories, and led No. 75 Squadron during the Battle of Port Moresby in 1942. Born in Brisbane, he was a grazier and businessman. He had his own private plane when he joined the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) Reserve in 1936. In 1939, at the start of the war, he was called up for active service. Jackson served with No. 23 Squadron in Australia before he was posted to the Middle East in November 1940. As a fighter pilot with No. 3 Squadron he flew Gloster Gladiators, Hawker Hurricanes and P-40 Tomahawks during the North African and Syria–Lebanon campaigns. Jackson was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and Mentioned in Despatches for his actions in the Middle East. In March 1942, while serving in the South West Pacific theatre, he was promoted to squadron leader. He was in command of No. 75 Squadron at Port Moresby in Papua, operating P-40 Kittyhawks. Described as "rugged, simple" and "true as steel", Jackson, aged 34, was nicknamed "Old John" by his much younger squadron members. He was praised for his leadership during the defence of Port Moresby. He was killed in action on 28 April 1942. His younger brother Les took over No. 75 Squadron, and also became a fighter ace. Jacksons International Airport, Port Moresby, is named in John Jackson's honour. Ōmokoroa Omokoroa is a small urban area in the Western Bay of Plenty District of New Zealand. The suburb is thought part of Greater Tauranga (contributing towards its population of ), and is within the Bay of Plenty electorate. Falcon 9 Falcon 9 is a two-stage rocket. It was designed and manufactured by SpaceX in the United States. Parts of the rocket can be used more than one time. The latest version of the first stage can return to Earth and be flown again many times. Both the first and second stages are powered by SpaceX Merlin engines. They use cryogenic liquid oxygen and rocket-grade kerosene (RP-1) as fuel. Its name comes from the fictional Star Wars spacecraft, the "Millennium Falcon". The 9 is for the nine engines of the rocket's first stage. There have been many versions of the rocket. These include v1.0 (2010–2013), v1.1 (2013–2016) and v1.2 Full Thrust (2015–present). It also includes the Falcon 9 Block 5 version. It also includes the Block 5 Full Thrust version. This version has been used since May 2018. Most rockets can only be used one time. SpaceX has landed Falcon 9 boosters over a hundred times. The first stages have been used as many as eleven times. Falcon 9 can carry of up to to low Earth orbit (LEO). If fully used, it can carry to geostationary transfer orbit (GTO). The rocket can carry to GTO when the first stage is recovered. It has a cargo size of ]145 cubic meters of volume The heaviest GTO loads carried have been Intelsat 35e () and Telstar 19V (). In 2008, SpaceX won a Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) contract in NASA's Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program. They would take cargo to the International Space Station (ISS) using the Falcon 9 and Dragon capsule. The first mission under this contract launched on 8 October 2012. Falcon 9 can take NASA astronauts to the ISS. It is also certified for the National Security Space Launch program and NASA Launch Services Program as "Category 3". This means it can be used with the most expensive, important and complex NASA missions. Falcon 9 is said to be the world's most advanced space launch vehicle by many sources. As of January 2021, Falcon 9 has the most launches among all U.S. rockets that are currently being used. It is the only U.S. rocket fully certified for transporting humans to the International Space Station. It is also the only commercial rocket to take humans to orbit. On 24 January 2021, Falcon 9 set a new record for the most satellites launched by a single rocket. It carried 143 satellites into orbit. Five rockets of the version 1.0 design were launched from June 2010 to March 2013. Version 1.1 had fifteen launches from September 2013 to January 2016. The "Full Thrust" version has been used since December 2015. There are many upgrades to this version. The latest Full Thrust variant, Block 5, was introduced in May 2018. It has more thrust, improved landing legs and other minor improvements to help recovery and reuse. The Falcon Heavy version was first flown in February 2018. It has a stronger Falcon 9 first stage as its center core. It also has two added Falcon 9 first stages used as boosters. SpaceX plans to replace Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy with the much larger Starship launch system. Development history. Conception and funding. In October 2005, SpaceX said it was going to launch Falcon 9 in the first half of 2007. The first launch took place in 2010. SpaceX spent its own money to create the Falcon 1. Creating the Falcon 9 was faster because NASA helped with the cost. They also said they would buy several commercial flights. This started with money from the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program in 2006. The contract was a Space Act Agreement (SAA) "to develop and demonstrate commercial orbital transportation service". It included NASA paying for of three demonstration flights. The contract was US$278 million to provide development funding for Dragon, Falcon 9, and demonstration launches of Falcon 9 with Dragon. In 2011 other milestones were added, This made the total contract value US$396 million. NASA became the main user for the vehicle in 2008. They agreed to buy 12 Commercial Resupply Services launches to the International Space Station. The money would be paid after the demonstration missions were completed successfully. The space logistics delivery contract was worth US$1.6 billion for a minimum of 12 missions to carry supplies to and from the International Space Station. Elon Musk has said that it would have taken longer without the NASA money.SpaceX has only come this far by building upon the incredible achievements of NASA, having NASA as an anchor tenant for launch, and receiving expert advice and mentorship throughout the development process. SpaceX would like to extend a special thanks to the NASA COTS office for their continued support and guidance throughout this process. The COTS program has demonstrated the power of a true private/public partnership, and we look forward to the exciting endeavors our team will accomplish in the future. In 2011, SpaceX saidthat Falcon 9 v1.0 costs were about US$300 million. NASA said that costs would have been US$3.6 billion if a traditional cost-plus contract approach had been used. In 2014, SpaceX released total costs for both the Falcon 9 and the Dragon capsule. NASA provided US$396 million. SpaceX provided over US$450 million. A 2011 NASA report said that it would have cost them about US$4 billion to develop a rocket like the Falcon 9 booster. "A more commercial development" approach might have let the agency to pay only US$1.7 billion". Congressionaltestimony by SpaceX in 2017 said that the normal NASA process of setting only a requirement and leaving the details to SpaceX let them make the Falcon 9 rocket at a muchlower cost. Development. At first, SpaceX wanted to follow the Falcon 1 with a larger capacity vehicle, the Falcon 5. In 2005, SpaceX said it was working on the Falcon 9 instead. They said that they already had a government customer. The Falcon 9 was said to be able of carrying approximately to low Earth orbit. They said it would cost US$27 million per flight with a payload. It would cost US$35 million with a payload. SpaceX also said a heavy version of the Falcon 9 would have a payload capacity of about . The Falcon 9 was intended to enable launches to Low-Earth orbit (LEO), Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO), as well as both crew and cargo vehicles to the International Space Station (ISS). The rocket was not full reusable at this time. This caused the price estimates to be higher than expected. Testing. The original NASA contract called for a demonstration flight of Falcon in September 2008. It also called for all three demonstration missions to be done by September 2009. In February 2008, the plan for the first demo flight was delayed until early 2009. According to Elon Musk, the delay was caused by how cpmplex the work was the rules for launching from Cape Canaveral. The first test with two engines connected to the first stage was done in January 2008. Other tests led to the Falcon 9 being tested with nine engines. The engine were tested for a full mission length (178 seconds for stage one) in November 2008. In October 2009, the first stage had a successful all-engine test fire for the first time. This was done in McGregor, Texas. In November 2009, SpaceX held the first test of the second stage. This test lasted forty seconds. In January 2010, a full-duration (329 seconds) firing of the Falcon 9 second stage was held. SpaceX scheduled launch date of March 2010. In February 2010, SpaceX's first flight stack was set up at Space Launch Complex 40, Cape Canaveral. On 9 March 2010, SpaceX was to test-fire the first stage. The test was stopped 2 seconds before firing. This was because of a failure in the system designed to pump high-pressure helium from the launch pad into the first stage. The problem was with the pad and not with the rocket itself. All of Falcon 9's systems leading up to the abort worked as expected. Another test on 13 March 2010 was successful. Production. In December 2010, SpaceX was making one Falcon 9 (and Dragon spacecraft) every three months. They wanted to double the rate to one every six weeks. By September 2013, SpaceX's manufacturing space had increased to nearly . The factory had set up to make 40 rocket cores per year. The factory was making one Falcon 9 vehicle per month as of November 2013. The company wanted to increase that to 18 vehicles per year in mid-2014 and 24 per year by the end of 2014. They wanted to be making 40 rocket cores per year by the end of 2015. These production rates were not achieved by February 2016. The company said that production rate for Falcon 9 cores had only increased to 18 per year. They also said that the number of first stage cores that can be made at one time had doubled from three to six. The rate was expected to grow to 30 cores per year by the end of 2016. Still, By August 2016, SpaceX was working towards a production capacity of 40 cores per year. Since 2018, SpaceX has usually reused first stages. This has reduced the need for new cores. In 2021, SpaceX had 31 F9 launches. Only two of those used new boosters. They recovered the booster on all but one flight. Design. The Falcon 9 is a two-stage rocket. it is powered by LOX and RP-1. Both stages have Merlin 1D rocket engines. The first stage has nine that are adapted for use at sea-level. The second stage has one that is adapted for use in a vacuum. The engines uses a pyrophoric mixture of triethylaluminum-triethylborane (TEA-TEB) to ignite the engine. The first stage engines are set in a form SpaceX calls "Octaweb." Many cores have four landing legs at the base of the Octaweb. To control the core while it falls through the atmosphere, SpaceX uses grid fins. They deploy from the vehicle after separation. The legs deploy moments before landing. The propellant tank walls and domes are made from aluminum–lithium alloy. The second stage tank of a Falcon 9 is a shorter version of the first stage tank. This decreases the cost to make them. The connection between the two stages is a carbon-fiber and aluminum-core structure. The original stage separation system had twelve attachment points. This was which was reduced to three in the v1.1 launcher. The Falcon 9 uses a payload fairing to protect satellites during launch. The fairing is long, in diameter, weighs approximately . It is made of a carbon fiber skin on an aluminum honeycomb core. Testing of the design was done at NASA's Plum Brook Station facility in spring 2013. SpaceX uses multiple flight computers. This makes the system less affected by faults. Each Merlin rocket engine is controlled by three computers. Each of these computers has two processors that check each other. The software runs on Linux. It is written in C++. Each stage has its own flight computers. This is in addition to the controllers on each engine. Each engine microcontroller CPU runs on a PowerPC architecture. The Falcon 9 rocket can lose up to two of the engines and still complete the mission. Each engine creates of thrust. Launcher versions. The Falcon 9 v1.0 flew five times in 2010–2013. The Falcon 9 v1.1 made its first flight in September 2013. The mission carried a very small payload, the CASSIOPE satellite. It later launched larger things. This included the SES-8 GEO communications satellite. Both Falcon 9 v1.0 and Falcon 9 v1.1 were expendable launch vehicles (ELVs). The Falcon 9 Full Thrust made its first flight in December 2015. The first stage of the Falcon 9 Full Thrust version can be used many times. The current version, known as Falcon 9 Block 5, made its first flight in May 2018. Pricing. In 2010, the price of a Falcon 9 v1.0 launch was US$49.9 to US$56 million. By 2012, the listed price range had increased to US$54–US$59.5 million. In August 2013, the price for a Falcon 9 v1.1 was US$56.5 million; it was raised to US$61.2 million by June 2014. Since May 2016, the price for a Falcon 9 Full Thrust mission (allowing booster recovery) is US$62 million. Dragon cargo missions to the ISS have an average cost of US$133 million The DSCOVR mission, for National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), cost US$97 million. In 2004, Elon Musk said "long term plans call for development of a heavy lift product and even a super-heavy, if there is customer demand. [...] Ultimately, I believe US$500 per pound (US$1100/kg) [of payload delivered to orbit] or less is very achievable". At its 2016 price, a Falcon 9 FT launch costs just over US. In 2011, Musk estimated that materials needed for the Falcon 9 v1.0 launch cost about US$200,000. The first stage uses of liquid oxygen and of RP-1 fuel, while the second stage uses of liquid oxygen and of RP-1. In October 2019, data from NASA showed that the Falcon 9's "base price" of US$62 million per launch would be lowered to US$52 million for flights scheduled in 2021 and beyond. CNBC reported in April 2020 that the United States Air Force's launches were costing US$95 million This was because of the extra security used. SpaceX executive Christopher Couluris stated that reusing rockets can bring prices even lower, that it "costs US$28 million to launch it, that's with everything". Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom) The Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) is the third-level military medal given to members of the United Kingdom's Royal Air Force and other services. It was also given to members of other Commonwealth countries. The medal was awarded for "an act or acts of valour, courage or devotion to duty whilst flying in active operations against the enemy". History. The award was established on 3 June 1918, shortly after the formation of the Royal Air Force (RAF). It was originally awarded to RAF officers. During the Second World War, it was also awarded to Royal Artillery officers serving with the RAF as pilots and artillery observers. In 1993 the medal replaced the Distinguished Flying Medal, which had until then been awarded to other ranks. People awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross are allowed to use the post-nominal letters "DFC". A bar is added to the ribbon for holders of the DFC who received a second award. During the First World War, about 1,100 DFCs were awarded, with 70 first bars and 3 second bars. During the Second World War, 20,354 DFCs were awarded, the most of any award, with about 1,550 first bars and 45 second bars. Honorary awards were made on 964 occasions to people from other non-Commonwealth countries. Description. The decoration is a cross flory and is 2⅛ inches wide. The horizontal and bottom bars have bumps at the end, while the upper bar has a rose. The front of the medal has aeroplane propellers, placed on the vertical arms of the cross, and wings on the horizontal arms. In the centre is a laurel wreath around the RAF monogram, with a heraldic Imperial Crown on the top. The back of the medal has the Royal Cypher in the centre and the year of issue engraved on the lower arm. The decoration is issued named. The ribbon was originally white with purple broad horizontal stripes. This was changed in 1919 to the current white with purple broad diagonal stripes. The decoration was designed by Edward Carter Preston. Paterson Clarence Hughes Paterson Clarence "Pat" Hughes, DFC (19 September 1917 – 7 September 1940) was an Australian fighter ace of World War II. He served with the Royal Air Force (RAF). During the Battle of Britain he shot down 17 enemy aircraft. This was the highest number of aircraft shot down by an Australian during the battle, and the third highest by an Australian during World War II. Hughes was killed in action on 7 September 1940. Hughes was born in Numeralla, New South Wales. He joined the Royal Australian Air Force in 1936. After graduating as a pilot, he joined the RAF. In July 1937, he joined No. 64 Squadron, which operated Hawker Demon and, later, Bristol Blenheim fighters. Posted to No. 234 Squadron at the start of World War II, Hughes began flying Supermarine Spitfires. He shared in the squadron's first victory on 8 July 1940, when with two other Spitfires, he shot down a German Junkers Ju 88 attacking ships near Lands End. Hughes was known for attacking his targets at extremely close range. He probably died after his Spitfire was struck by parts from a German Dornier Do 17 bomber that he had just shot down near London. Hughes was able to get out of the plane, but his parachute did not open. After his death he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. Hughes was buried in England. Bamboo Airways Bamboo Airways is a Vietnamese airline. The headquarters are in Hanoi. The center of activity is from Phu Cat Airport in Qui Nhon. The company was founded in 2017. VietJet Air will begin operation in October 2018. It will have flights to most of airports in Vietnam and some international airports. On 26th March 2016, it signed a purchase order with Airbus to buy 24 Airbus A320neo, signed a purchase order with Boeing to buy 20 Boeing 787. The aircraft will be delivered from 2020. It will mainly serve tourists to resort towns in Vietnam, where its parent company FLC Group has resorts (Ha Long, Thanh Hoa, Dong Hoi, Nha Trang, Phu Quoc). Big Four (British railway companies) The Big Four was a name used to describe the four largest railway companies in the United Kingdom in the period 1923–47. The name was coined by "The Railway Magazine" in its issue of February 1923: "The Big Four of the New Railway Era". The Big Four were: The companies were formed as a result of the Railways Act 1921, in a process known as "The Grouping" (of the railways), which came into effect on 1 January 1923. On 1 January 1948, the companies were nationalised to form British Railways as a result of the Transport Act 1947. London, Midland and Scottish Railway The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) was one of the Big Four British railway companies from 1923 to 1948. It was formed on 1 January 1923 under the Railways Act of 1921, which required the grouping of over 120 separate railways into four. The companies merged into the LMS included the London and North Western Railway, the Midland Railway, the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (which had previously merged with the London and North Western Railway on 1 January 1922), several Scottish railway companies (including the Caledonian Railway), and numerous other, smaller ventures. For the Modern Company, see London Midland. Electro-diesel locomotive An Electro-diesel locomotive is an electric locomotive which also has a diesel engine. The diesel engine is used when an electricity supply from overhead lines or a third rail is not available. Caledonian Sleeper Caledonian Sleeper is the collective name for overnight sleeper train services between London and Scotland, in Great Britain. Christina Kirkman Christina Marie Kirkman (born February 25, 1993, in Melrose, Massachusetts, USA) is an American actress and comedian. She was best known for her roles in the final two seasons of "All That". In 2003, she entered "R U All That?: Nickelodeon's Search for the Funniest Kid in America" competition and won the highly-coveted spot as a regular performer on "All That". As part of her audition, Kirkman was asked to do a skit in which she met Jay Leno. She had never heard of Leno because she had never stayed up late, so she said, "Who the heck is Jay Leno?" and instead pretended to talk to Leno's bodyguard. When asked if she thought she was going get into the "All That" cast, Kirkman responded, "I thought I had no chance!" with a laugh. Kirkman joined the cast of "All That" in Season 9 after Bryan Hearne left the show. She replaced Jamie Lynn Spears as the youngest cast member of "All That". She remained on "All That" until the show was canceled. After "All That" came to an end, Kirkman returned to Massachusetts where she experienced bullying. This caused her to temporarily stop acting to focus on school. She graduated from Bishop Finwick High School. In 2015, she graduated from Emerson College in Boston, Massachusetts where she studied broadcast journalism and also participated in several different on campus productions. After completing college, Kirkman moved back to Los Angeles to pursue acting and as of 2016, she completed filming the movie "Night Shadow". 1998 Kissimmee tornado outbreak The 1998 Kissimmee tornado outbreak, also known as the Central Florida tornado outbreak or The Night of The Tornadoes was a deadly tornado event in Florida during the night of February 22-23, 1998 in the central part of the state, including the Orlando area. The outbreak killed 42 people and injured 260, the worst such tornado event in Florida since March 31, 1962. The first major tornado hit Winter Garden at 11:40 p.m., and the deadliest tornado struck the Kissimmee area at 12:40 a.m. before dissipating at 1:28 a.m. EST. Short (finance) To short an asset means to bet that the asset will lose value, or that the current price is overvalued (higher than its supposed value). If the asset in question does indeed lose value, the person who "shorted" it will win the bet, and make a profit. This can be done by borrowing assets and selling them at a higher price, returning the asset once you can buy it back at a lower price. For example, if you think that Tesla stock will lose 10% of its value, you could short the stock, and make a 10% profit once it goes down by 10%. However, if Tesla stock gains value, then you will lose the equivalent amount. Richard Girnt Butler Richard Girnt Butler (February 23, 1918 – September 8, 2004) was a white supremacist and American Christian religious leader. Butler founded the neo-Nazi Aryan Nations and would become one of the most well known and influential leaders of the American far-right. Butler was a former member of the Silver Shirts, an American fascist organization modeled after Nazi Brownshirts and active until its suppression following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Butler was convicted of conspiracy by the United States Department of Justice, but was not convicted because the grand jury failed to prosecute him. Alan Berg Alan Harrison Berg (January 1, 1934 – June 18, 1984) was an American Jewish attorney and talk radio show host in Denver, Colorado. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. Berg was known for his mostly liberal views. His programs could be received in more than 30 states. He was lastly hired by KOA and debuted on February 23, 1981. He worked at KOA until his assassination. Death. On June 18, 1984, Berg was shot dead in the driveway of his Denver home by members of the white supremacist group. He was 50 years old. North Barrington, Illinois North Barrington is a village in Lake County, Illinois, United States. The population was 3,047 at the 2010 census. Waco siege The Waco siege was the siege of a compound belonging to the Branch Davidians, carried out by American federal and Texas state law enforcement, as well as the U.S. military, between February 28 and April 19, 1993. The Branch Davidians were led by David Koresh and were headquartered at Mount Carmel Center ranch in the community of Axtell, Texas, 13 miles (21 kilometers) east-northeast of Waco. The incident began when the ATF attempted to raid the ranch. An intense gun battle erupted, resulting in the deaths of four government agents and six Branch Davidians. Upon the ATF's failure to raid the compound, a siege lasting 51 days was initiated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Eventually, the FBI launched an assault and initiated a tear gas attack in an attempt to force the Branch Davidians out of the ranch. During the attack, a fire engulfed Mount Carmel Center. In total, 76 people died, including David Koresh. Lockport, New York Lockport is a city in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 21,165 at the 2010 census. It is so named from a set of Erie Canal locks (Lock Numbers 34 and 35) within the city. Lockport is the county seat of Niagara County. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. George Peabody George Peabody ( ; February 18, 1795 – November 4, 1869) was an American financier and philanthropist, and slave trader. He was widely thought as the father of modern philanthropy. He founded the Peabody Trust in Britain and the Peabody Institute and George Peabody Library in Baltimore. Peabody's early company Riggs, Peabody and Co. was based in Maryland, a slave state. It bought and sold slaves as well as related goods like clothing for slaves. When he lived in London, he received visits from his relative Herbert C. Peabody, a slave owner and cotton planter in Mobile, Alabama. Peabody was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and made a Freeman of the City of London, among many other honors. He was given a funeral and temporary grave in Westminster Abbey. Torque converter A torque converter, or torque multiplier, is a device for multiplying torque. It is widely used in transmission systems for road and rail vehicles with internal combustion engines. Operation. The diagram shows a hydraulic torque converter. It contains two turbines and a stator. The driven turbine can deliver high torque at low speed. As the vehicle accelerates, the speed goes up and the torque goes down. This happens automatically, so there is no need for the driver to change gear. Bill Hendon William Martin Hendon (November 9, 1944 – June 20, 2018) was an American author, activist, and politician. He was born in Asheville, North Carolina. He served as a two-term Republican U.S. representative from North Carolina's 11th District. Hendon died on June 20, 2018 under hospice carer in Forest City, North Carolina after suffering from Parkinson's disease at the age of 73. Forest City, North Carolina Forest City, formerly known as "Burnt Chimney," is a town in Rutherford County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 7,476 as of the 2010 census, making it the largest municipality in Rutherford County. Frank Heart Frank Evans Heart (May 15, 1929 – June 24, 2018) was an American computer engineer. He was born in New York City, but was raised in Yonkers, New York. Heart designed the first routing computer for the ARPANET, the predecessor to the Internet. In 2014, Heart was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame. Heart died of melanoma on June 24, 2018 in Lexington, Massachusetts at the age of 89. Ljubuški Ljubuški is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is in the West Herzegovina Canton, a unit of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Blockchain A Blockchain (or block chain) is a method of storing a list of entries, which cannot be changed easily after they are created. This also applies to the list. This is done by using several concepts from cryptography, including digital signatures and hash functions. In very basic terms, a blockchain combines the following two ideas: In most cases, a blockchain is managed by a peer-to-peer network. All peers use a common protocol that specifies how they should communicate with each other, how a new block is created and validated. Once recorded, the data in any given block cannot be changed easily any more. Changing the block means all the blocks after it need to be changed as well. Depending on the protocol, this will require a majority of the peers, or even all the peers, to agree. Blockchains are secure by design. Blockchain technology is used where keeping a correct record is important. Use cases include medical records, identity management, food traceability, gaming and voting. Blockchain was invented by Stuart Haber and Scott Stornetta in 1991 as a means to assure the integrity of digital records. Haber and Stornetta launched the world's first commercial blockchain; Surety in 1995. In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto included as references 3 and 4 of Bitcoin: A Peer to Peer Electronic Cash System, the two papers by Haber and Stornetta to serve as the public transaction ledger of the cryptocurrency bitcoin. Because of its blockchain, bitcoin became the first digital currency to solve the double-spending problem without the need of a trusted authority or central server. The bitcoin design has inspired other applications. Supreme Court of India The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of India which gives justice to people if they had made any offence. Then Shall of the Mourning Then Shall of the Mourning is an American alternative metal band formed in 1998.<br> Fabian strategy The Fabian strategy is a military strategy where one side avoids the other, and avoids pitched battles and frontal assaults. The object is to wear down the opponent by a "war of attrition". The side using this strategy harasses its enemy through skirmishes to weaken it, disrupt supply and affect morale. This strategy is employed by a side which believes "time is on its side", but it may also be adopted when no other strategy is possible. Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France. Coal mines were operating in the village until 1849. Pattensen Pattensen is a town in the district of Hanover, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is about south of Hanover. Pattensen is twinned with Saint-Aubin-lès-Elbeuf in France. List of railway companies involved in the 1923 grouping Under the Railways Act 1921 the majority of the railway companies in Great Britain (along with a few in Northern Ireland) were grouped into four main companies, often termed the Big Four. The grouping took effect from 1 January 1923. The Big Four. The Big Four and their constituent companies, showing route mileage, were: Companies not covered by the grouping. Over fifty railway companies were not covered by the grouping. These small railway companies kept their independence. Jagjivan Ram Jagjivan Ram (5 April 1908 – 6 July 1986), mostly known as Babuji, was an Indian independence activist and politician from Bihar. He was instrumental in foundation of the All-India Depressed Classes League, an organisation dedicated to attaining equality for untouchables in 1935. He was elected to Bihar Legislative Assembly in 1937 after which he organised the rural labour movement. Andrey Dementyev Andrey Dmitriyevich Dementyev (; July 16, 1928 in Tver – June 26, 2018 in Moscow) was a Russian and Soviet poet, a laureate of Lenin’s Young Communist League Award (1981), a USSR State Prize (1985), and Bunin Prize (2007). In October 1993, he signed the Letter of Forty-Two. Dementyev died on June 16, 2018 in Moscow from prostate cancer, aged 89. Grade (slope) The grade (or gradient) of a road or railway line is a measure of its steepness. It may be expressed as a percentage or in other ways. For example, a gradient of 1% may also be expressed as 1 in 100. This means that the road rises or falls by 1 metre for every 100 metres of forward travel. Henri Namphy Henri Namphy (November 2, 1932 in Cap-Haïtien, Haiti – June 26, 2018) was a Haitian general and politician. He served as President of Haiti's interim ruling body, the National Council of Government, from February 7, 1986 to February 7, 1988. He served again as President of Haiti from June 20, 1988 until his deposition on September 17, 1988 in the September 1988 Haitian coup d'état. Prosper Avril Matthieu Prosper Avril (born December 12, 1937) is a Haitian politician. He was President of Haiti from 1988 to 1990. Avril led the September 1988 Haitian coup d'état against a transition military government installed after Jean-Claude Duvalier's 1986 overthrow. Avril was president until March 1990. He was arrested under human rights violation in 2001, but released in March 2004 after the 2004 Haitian coup d'état overthrew Jean-Bertrand Aristide. President of Haiti The President of the Republic of Haiti (, ) is the head of state of Haiti. They serve as the executive power in Haiti. The power is divided between the president and the government headed by the Prime Minister of Haiti. The current acting President is Ariel Henry, who took office on July 20, 2021. Qualifications. To be elected President, a candidate must: Jovenel Moïse Jovenel Moïse (26 June 1968 – 7 July 2021) was a Haitian politician. He served as the 42nd President of Haiti from February 2017 until his death. In 2019, political unrest and calls for his resignation became a crisis. Death. Moïse was shot to death at his home while sleeping in Pétion-Ville, Haiti on 7 July 2021. His wife, Martine was also shot but she survived. He was shot with 12 bullets in his chest, arms, right leg, and left hip, and had a shattered left eye. Vladimir Andreyevich Uspensky Vladimir A. Uspensky (Russian: Влади́мир Андре́евич Успе́нский; 27 November 1930 – 27 June 2018) was a Russian mathematician, linguist, writer, doctor of physics and mathematics (1964). He was born in Moscow. He was the author of numerous papers on mathematical logic and linguistics. In addition, he also penned a number of memoir essays. He led linguistic reform in Russian education. Uspensky died in Moscow of heart failure on 27 June 2018, aged 87. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (; born October 13, 1989), also known by her initials as AOC, is an American politician and activist. She became the U.S. Representative for New York's 14th congressional district in 2019. This includes the eastern part of the Bronx and parts of north-central Queens in New York City. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Ocasio-Cortez won the Democratic Party's primary election on June 26, 2018, when she beat Democratic Caucus Chair Joe Crowley. Her victory was a surprise and many saw it as an upset victory. In November 2018, she would go on to win the general election. She beat Republican nominee Anthony Pappas. At age 29, she became the youngest woman to become a member of the United States Congress. She is well known for her use of social media. She studied international relations and economics at Boston University. She worked for Bernie Sanders's first presidential campaign as an activist. She also worked part-time as a waitress and bartender before running for Congress in 2018. Ocasio-Cortez is one of the first female members of the Democratic Socialists of America elected to Congress. She is a progressive and supports Medicare for All, federal jobs guarantee, a universal basic income, and the Green New Deal. She also supports ending the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, free public college and trade school, and a 70% marginal tax rate for incomes above $10 million. Early life. Ocasio-Cortez was born into a Catholic family in the Bronx borough of New York City on October 13, 1989. She is the daughter of Blanca Ocasio-Cortez ("née" Cortez) and Sergio Ocasio. She has a younger brother named Gabriel. Her father was born in the Bronx to a Puerto Rican family. Her mother was born in Puerto Rico. She lived with her family in an apartment in the Bronx neighborhood of Parkchester until she was five. Her family later moved to a house in suburban Yorktown Heights. Ocasio-Cortez went to high school in Yorktown Heights. She graduated in 2007. In high school and college, she was known as "Sandy." She came in second in the Microbiology category of the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. Her microbiology research project was about the effect of antioxidants on the lifespan of the nematode "C. elegans". MIT Lincoln Laboratory named a small asteroid after her because of her science project. In high school, she took part in the National Hispanic Institute's Lorenzo de Zavala (LDZ) Youth Legislative Session. She later became the LDZ Secretary of State while she attended Boston University. Ocasio-Cortez had a John F. Lopez Fellowship. In 2008, while Ocasio-Cortez was a sophomore at Boston University, her father died of lung cancer. After he died, Ocasio-Cortez had many legal problems to settle his estate. She has said that the experience helped her learn how attorneys are corrupt. She said that they make themselves rich while their clients, like families, were being ignored. During college, Ocasio-Cortez was an intern for U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy. She said that she was the only Spanish speaker at the office. Ocasio-Cortez said because of this people would talk to her about ICE and deportations. Ocasio-Cortez graduated "cum laude" from Boston University with a BA in 2011. She majored in international relations and economics. Early career. After college, Ocasio-Cortez moved back to the Bronx. She began working as a bartender and waitress to help her mother pay for their home. She later created Brook Avenue Press, a publishing company that printed positive stories about the Bronx. She also worked for the National Hispanic Institute. During the 2016 Democratic presidential primaries, Ocasio-Cortez volunteered for Bernie Sanders's first presidential campaign. After the general election, she traveled to places like Flint, Michigan, and Standing Rock Indian Reservation in North Dakota by car. She spoke to people affected by the Flint water crisis and the Dakota Access Pipeline. While in Standing Rock, she said her trip there was an important reason why she ran for Congress. Before that, she believed that the only way to run for office and win was to have money and power. In North Dakota she saw others "putting their whole lives and everything that they had on the line for the protection of their community". This was the reason for her to begin to work for her own community. One day after she visited North Dakota, she got a phone call from Brand New Congress. They were looking for progressive candidates. Her brother had nominated her soon after the 2016 election. 2018 campaign. Ocasio-Cortez began her campaign in April 2017. At the time, she was working at Flats Fix, a taco restaurant in New York City's Union Square. Her campaign was small. She was the first person to run in the primary against Joe Crowley, the Democratic Caucus Chair. She did not have much money for the campaign. She said that candidates like here must have very new and different kinds of campaigns and cannot win just by spending more money Ocasio-Cortez's campaign did not take money from big companies or rich people. She did this because it was how Bernie Sanders's presidential campaign did it. Revolutionary posters from the past inspired her campaign posters. Ocasio-Cortez was supported by progressive and civil rights groups such as MoveOn, Black Lives Matter, and Democracy for America, and by actress Cynthia Nixon. Governor Andrew Cuomo, both of New York's U.S. Senators, Chuck Schumer and Kirsten Gillibrand, as well as New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio and Planned Parenthood supported Crowley. California Representative Ro Khanna at first supported Crowley, but later supported Ocasio-Cortez. During her campaign, Ocasio-Cortez held town halls where people who lived in her congressional district would talk about political issues. She focused her campaign on Latino communities of her district and criticized ICE. Her campaign used digital political ads more than actual rallies and events. She would also go to many houses in her district and talk about her campaign in person. Primary victory and reaction. On June 26, 2018, Ocasio-Cortez won 57.13% of the vote to Joe Crowley's 42.5%. "Time" called her victory a big surprise during the 2018 elections. CNN made a similar comment. "The New York Times" said Crowley's shocking loss was "the [biggest] loss for a Democratic incumbent in more than a decade." "The Guardian" called it "one of the biggest upsets in recent American political history." Crowley raised more money, $1.5 million, compared to Ocasio-Cortez's $83,000. Merriam-Webster said that searches for the word "socialism" went up 1,500% after she won. Crowley accepted his loss but did not call Ocasio-Cortez that night to wish her good luck. Many people thought he was going to run against her in the general election with a third party. Bernie Sanders and Noam Chomsky wished her good luck and were happy about the results. Many people said that her victory over Crowley was like when Dave Brat, a Tea Party movement candidate, beat House Majority Leader Eric Cantor in the Republican primary in 2014. Cantor was also a longtime congressman and important Republican politician. After her primary win, Ocasio-Cortez supported many progressive candidates who decided to run against current Democratic politicians across the country. Ocasio-Cortez won the Reform Party nomination without campaigning for it. She won it as a write-in candidate in a congressional district nearby hers. She won only nine votes. She did not accept the nomination. General election. Ocasio-Cortez ran against Republican nominee Anthony Pappas in the November 6 general election. Pappas is an economics professor at St. John's University. Ocasio-Cortez was supported by many progressive organizations and politicians, including former President Barack Obama and U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders. Joe Crowley stayed on the ballot, as the nominee of the Working Families Party (WFP) and the Women’s Equality Party (WEP). Neither Crowley nor the WFP party campaigned in the election. Both supported Ocasio-Cortez after her Democratic primary victory. Ocasio-Cortez said that the WEP was a centrist group that supported male politicians more than female politicians. Nixon ran against Governor Cuomo in the primary for New York Governor. Former Connecticut Senator Joe Lieberman wanted Crowley to campaign on the WFP ballot to beat Ocasio-Cortez. Dan Cantor, Executive Director of the WFP, asked voters not to vote for Crowley if his name was on the general election ballot. Ocasio-Cortez won the election with 78% of the vote to Pappas' 14%. Crowley, on the WFP and WEP ballots, won 6.6% of the votes. Her election was part of a larger wave of Democratic victories in the 2018 midterm elections. The party won control of the United States House of Representatives. Media coverage. "The Young Turks" (TYT) was the first media network who talked about Ocasio-Cortez and give her time to talk about her campaign. After her primary win, she quickly had media attention from everywhere in the country. A rally with Ocasio-Cortez and Bernie Sanders in Wichita had to be moved from a theater with a seating capacity of 1,500 when more people said they would go to the rally. 4,000 people went to the event, with some sitting on the floor. "The New Yorker" wrote that she had made Sanders's progressive ideas more popular to a larger group of people. Ocasio-Cortez had little media attention until she beat incumbent Joe Crowley in the 2018 Democratic primary. Many people believed the media did a bad job on covering the election because no one paid attention to her primary campaign. "The Young Turks" has defended Ocasio-Cortez from political critics. She was one of the people talked about in the 2018 Michael Moore documentary "Fahrenheit 11/9". Twitter user "AnonymousQ" tried to embarrass Ocasio-Cortez when they shared a video of her dancing during her college years. Many social media users defended her, and the video inspired memes. After the video was shared, Ocasio-Cortez posted a video of herself dancing to Edwin Starr's "War". In 2019, Elizabeth Warren wrote about Ocasio-Cortez for that year's "Time" 100. In May 2019 the documentary "Knock Down the House" came out on Netflix. It is about four female Democrats, without political experience, running for Congress in the 2018 midterms premiered. Ocasio-Cortez was the only one of the women in the documentary to win their election. In September 2021, Ocasio-Cortez went to the 2021 Met Gala. Ocasio-Cortez wore a long white dress with the phrase "Tax the Rich" painted in red on the back of her dress. As an elected official in New York City, she was a guest of the museum and she did not have to buy a ticket, which costs at least $35,000. Many people, both conservative and liberal, criticized Ocasio-Cortez for attending an event where guests were not required to wear masks. 2020 campaign. In 2020, journalist Michelle Caruso-Cabrera ran against Ocasio-Cortez in the Democratic primary. After Ocasio-Cortez won the nomination, Caruso-Cabrera ran in the general election as a third party candidate. Other people running against her is Republican John Cummings, a former police officer, and Antoine Tucker, a write-in. Ocasio-Cortez's re-election campaign was mainly focusing on workplace organizing, fighting eviction, and organizing childcare. On October 20, 2020, Ocasio-Cortez hosted a Twitch stream of the mobile game "Among Us", with fellow congresswoman Ilhan Omar. The stream had over 400,000 viewers. On November 4, 2020, Ocasio-Cortez won her re-election with nearly 69% of the vote to Republican John Cummings's near 31%. United States representative, 2019–present. Time in office. On January 3, 2019, Nancy Pelosi swore in Ocasio-Cortez. Ocasio-Cortez became the youngest woman to become a United States Representative. She began her career with a popular social media, having more followers than all of the newly elected congress members combined. , she had 6.3 million Twitter followers, up from 1.4 million in November 2018. She passed Nancy Pelosi's number of followers. By July 2019 that had risen to almost 4.8 million, or about seven times the population of her congressional district. She had 2.2 million Instagram followers, and 500,000 followers on Facebook when she began. Some Representatives asked her to teach them social media lessons when she arrived in Congress. In an interview Ocasio-Cortez said she had stopped using her private Facebook account and was not using all of her social media accounts as often. She believes that social media is not healthy for the public. Ocasio-Cortez is a member a group of new progressive members of Congress called "The Squad" along with Ilhan Omar (D-MN), Ayanna Pressley (D-MA), and Rashida Tlaib (D-MI). In July 2019, President Donald Trump attacked the Squad in a tweet, saying that they should "go back and help fix" the countries they came from instead of criticizing the American government. Ocasio-Cortez replied that "the President's words [yesterday], telling four American Congresswomen of color "go back to your own country," is [the] language of white supremacists. We don't leave the things that we love, and when we love this country, what that means is that we [find] the solutions to fix it." Trump falsely said that she called "our country and our people 'garbage'"; she had actually said that Americans should not be happy with average ideas that are "10% better from garbage." Trump also falsely claimed that she said "illegal immigrants are more American" than Americans who tried to keep them out. She actually said that "women and children on that border that are trying to [find] refuge and opportunity" in America "are acting more American" than those who tried to keep them out. In January 2020, Ocasio-Cortez created a political action committee called Courage to Change. Courage to Change was created to help progressive candidates running for office. In February 2021, Ocasio-Cortez helped raise money to give food, water, and shelter to Texans affected by the power crisis. She was able to raised $2million on her first day of raising money and $5million by February 21. The money went to organizations such as to state and local food banks. Ocasio-Cortez also traveled to Houston to help volunteers with recovery. On November 5, 2021, Ocasio-Cortez was one of six House Democrats to vote against the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, because she did not support the Build Back Better Act. Arrival. In November 2018, on the first day of congressional , Ocasio-Cortez was part of a climate change protest outside of House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi's office. Also that month, she supported Pelosi becoming Speaker of the House. She said would support Pelosi if Pelosi "remains the most progressive candidate for speaker." She also said that all the other candidates for speaker were more conservative than Pelosi was. Pelosi was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives after the Democratic Party gained the majority. In December 2018, Ocasio-Cortez went to an event for new members of the House hosted by the John F. Kennedy School of Government. She wrote on Twitter about the effects of business interests by groups such as the American Enterprise Institute and the Center for Strategic and International Studies: "Lobbyists are here. Goldman Sachs is here. Where's labor? Activists? community leaders?" In January 2019, when she made her first speech on the floor of Congress, C-SPAN tweeted the video. Within 12 hours, the video of her four-minute speech set the record as C-SPAN's most-watched Twitter video by a member of the House of Representatives. Hearings. Ocasio-Cortez questioned the ethic regulations that both the president and members of Congress had during a congressional hearing in February 2019. She said that no laws that stop politicians from taking money from rich business people. With more than 37.5 million views, the clip became the most-watched political video posted on Twitter. When President Donald Trump's former lawyer Michael Cohen was at a Congressional hearing in February 2019, Ocasio-Cortez asked him if Trump rose property values for bank or insurance purposes. Cohen said that Trump may have done tax evasion and fraud in his personal and business tax returns and real-estate documents. "The New York Times" supported her because she asked specific questions for a specific answer. Media coverage. According to reports in March 2019, Ocasio-Cortez continued to get media coverage early in her congressional career similar to a 2020 presidential candidate. She was called one of the best known Democratic politicians and one of the most talked-about politicians in the United States. Between July 8 and July 14, 2019, she had more social media attention than any of the Democratic presidential candidates, with news articles on Ocasio-Cortez had 4.8 million views, while no Democratic presidential candidate got more than 1.2 million. Ocasio-Cortez has been talked about many times on Fox News, being mentioned every day from February 25 to April 7, 2019, for a total of 3,181 mentions in 42 days. CNN found that from January to July 2019, she had nearly three times as many mentions on Fox News as on CNN and MSNBC. In a CBS News poll of almost 2,100 people found that more Republicans talked about Ocasio-Cortez than Democrats. She was very unpopular among Republicans and very popular among Democrats. In March 2019, "PolitiFact" reported that she is "one of the most targeted politicians for hoax claims, despite the fact that she just entered Congress as a freshman." Fake quotes, fake photos, and false rumors about her have spread on social media. On July 18, 2019, Charlie Rispoli, a police officer from Gretna, posted on Facebook a threat to shoot her. He called her an "idiot" who "needs a round, and I don't mean the kind she used to serve" as a bartender. Rispoli posted the comment in response to a "fake news" article that falsely quoted Ocasio-Cortez as saying "We pay soldiers too much." Rispoli was fired for his post and his Facebook account was deleted. Green New Deal. On February 7, 2019, Ocasio-Cortez wrote her first piece of legislation, the Green New Deal, and sent it to the Senate. Senator Ed Markey of Massachusetts supported the deal, laying out the main ideas of a 10-year economic plan that would slowly remove fossil fuel use. The plan would create jobs and boost the economy. The first version of the Green New Deal wanted the completely stop using fossil fuels. The plan set a goal of having the United States "creating 'net-zero' greenhouse gases in 10 years." Ocasio-Cortez said that "We set a goal to get to net-zero, rather than zero emissions, in 10 years because we aren’t sure that we’ll be able to fully get rid of farting cows and airplanes that fast." Ocasio-Cortez wanted a marginal tax as high as 70% on income above $10 million to pay for the Green New Deal. Tax experts said in "The Washington Post", that this tax would bring in more money of $720 billion every ten years. She used the Modern Monetary Theory as a reason for higher deficits to pay her agenda. She said that the Green New Deal needs a large amount of money like President Franklin D. Roosevelt's original New Deal during the Great Depression. Not one Republican supported the Green New Deal. The plan had support from some Democratic senators, including Elizabeth Warren, Bernie Sanders and Cory Booker. Other Democrats, such as Senator Dianne Feinstein and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi did not support it. Pelosi called it "the green dream, or whatever they call it." On March 26, Senate Republicans called for an early vote on the Green New Deal without letting anyone talk before the vote. Senator Ed Markey said Republicans were not being serious about voting for the Green New Deal. In protest, Senate Democrats voted "present" or against the bill, resulting in a 57–0 defeat on the Senate floor. In March 2019, a group of activists, inspired by Ocasio-Cortez, in the United Kingdom wanted the Labour Party to create a similar plan, "Labour for a Green New Deal." In May 2020, Ocasio-Cortez was picked by then-Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden to be in charge of his climate task force. Ocasio-Cortez would help Biden's campaign talk about climate change related problems and solutions. Name calling incident. On July 21, 2020, Republican Representatives Ted Yoho and Roger Williams had angrily yelled at Ocasio-Cortez on the steps of the Capitol. Yoho called her "disgusting" and told her, "You are out of your freaking mind". They were mad at Ocasio-Cortez after she said that poverty and unemployment were the reasons for an increase in crime in New York City during the coronavirus pandemic. Ocasio-Cortez told Yoho he was being "rude". A reporter who heard the conversation said that as Ocasio-Cortez walked away from Yoho into the Capitol, Yoho called her a "fucking bitch". When asked about the incident, Ocasio-Cortez said, "That kind of [event] hasn't ever happened to me ever... I've never had that kind of abrupt, disgusting kind of disrespect [aimed] at me". Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy did not support Yoho's actions and House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer said that Yoho should apologize publicly. On July 22, Yoho talked about the event on the House floor and, without naming Ocasio-Cortez, said he had not addressed the "offensive name-calling words" to any congress members directly. He apologized for the conversation and said "having been married for 45 years with two daughters, I'm very [careful] of my language". On July 23, Ocasio-Cortez responded to Yoho's comments. In a speech she criticized male privilege, sexist behavior and culture, and violent language against women. She also criticized Yoho for "hiding behind his wife and daughters" in his speech the day before. 2020 Democratic National Convention. In early August 2020, two weeks before the 2020 Democratic National Convention was to be held, people began to say that Democrats were not going to let Ocasio-Cortez speak at the convention. On August 10, the Democratic National Committee said that she would speak at the convention on the second day on August 18. The same day, she formally nominated Senator Bernie Sanders for the Democratic presidential nomination. Online harassment from Paul Gosar. In November 2021, Representative Paul Gosar shared a video parody of the opening for the anime series "Attack on Titan" on social media. He had edited with the faces of Ocasio-Cortez, Joe Biden, and himself on the show's characters, showing Gosar attacking them with swords and killing Ocasio-Cortez. Speaker Nancy Pelosi wanted the U.S. House to investigate it as a threat. Pelosi said that the video is "a danger that it represents to everyone in the country". When Republican House members did not want to criticize Gosar or the video, Ocasio-Cortez said that she believed the video was "part of a pattern that normalizes violence". She gave a six-minute floor speech, saying, "This is not about me. This is not about Representative Gosar. This is about what we're willing to accept". The House voted to censure Gosar, in doing so it became the first time the House censured a Representative since 2010. Political views. Ocasio-Cortez is a member of the Democratic Socialists of America and supports the democratic socialist name of the group as part of her political beliefs. In an interview on NBC's "Meet the Press", she said that democratic socialism is a "part of what I am. It's not all of what I am. And I think that that's a very important [difference]." During an interview on PBS, she was asked if democratic socialism would to end capitalism, and she answered: "we are marching towards progress on this issue. I do think that we are going to see a [change] in our economic system of an [unknown level], and it's hard to say what direction that that takes." Ocasio-Cortez supports progressive policies such as single-payer Medicare for All, tuition-free public college and trade school, a federal job guarantee which would make sure states would hire unemployed workers, the cancellation of all $1.6 trillion student debt, supporting family leave, ending U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and private prisons, creating safer gun-control policies, and energy policy that would use 100% renewable energy. She told Anderson Cooper that she supports policies like those in United Kingdom, Norway, Finland, and Sweden. Ocasio-Cortez supported Bernie Sanders in the 2020 presidential election and appeared with him at campaign rallies. In January 2020, she and director Michael Moore replaced Sanders at a rally at the University of Iowa while he was at the Senate's impeachment trial of President Donald Trump. Ocasio-Cortez wants more environmental politicians in Congress. She called climate change "the single biggest national security threat" for the United States and the world". With the United Nations saying that the effects of climate change cannot be fixed until carbon emissions are slowed down in the next 12 years. She said that the younger generation would suffer from the effects of climate change. Ocasio-Cortez supports ending the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agency. She compared the agency to the Patriot Act and to a paramilitary-like agency. In June 2018, she said she would support ending the agency and she would rather "create a pathway to citizenship for more immigrants through decriminalization." She later said that this does not mean ending all deportations. Two days before the primary election, she went to a protest at an ICE child-detention center in Tornillo, Texas. She was the only Democrat to vote against H.R. 648, a bill to fund and reopen the government, because it would give more federal money to ICE. Ocasio-Cortez supports moving to a single-payer health care system. She said that medical care is a human right. In September 2019, she created an anti-poverty policy proposal that would make the cost of childcare, health care, and "new necessities" like Internet access when measuring poverty. The proposal would stop rent prices going higher and create better ways for people with convictions and immigrants to have social welfare programs. Ocasio-Cortez is a supporter of LGBTQ rights and equality. She has said she supports the LGBTQ community and thanked its members for their role in her campaign. In January 2019, she gave a speech in support of laws needed to keep LGBTQ rights in jobs and everywhere in the country. She also supports transgender rights and said that "trans rights are civil rights". Ocasio-Cortez has been supportive of Puerto Rico. Ocasio-Cortez did not approve of the Federal Emergency Management Agency's response to Hurricane Maria. She believes the federal government should pay more attention to Puerto Rico. Awards. The MIT Lincoln Laboratory named the asteroid 23238 Ocasio-Cortez after her when she was a senior in high school because she finished in second-place in the 2007 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. She was named the 2017 National Hispanic Institute Person of the Year by Ernesto Nieto. In 2019, She received the Adelle Foley Award. She was named as one of the 2019 BBC 100 Women. Personal life. After the death of Ocasio-Cortez's father in 2008, her mother and grandmother moved to Florida because of money problems. She still has family in Puerto Rico, where her grandfather was living in a nursing home before he died during Hurricane Maria. Ocasio-Cortez talked about her Catholic faith and why it is important for her life and her campaign for criminal justice reform in an article she wrote for "America". At a December 2018 Hanukkah celebration in New York, she said that she has Jewish ancestry, although she does not practice Judaism. During the 2018 election campaign, Ocasio-Cortez lived in Parkchester, Bronx, with her boyfriend, web developer Riley Roberts. In April 2022, Ocasio-Cortez became engaged to Roberts. In 2019, Ocasio-Cortez was named as one of the 2019 BBC 100 Women. In 2020, Ocasio-Cortez was a guest judge on an episode of "RuPaul's Drag Race". In February 2021, Ocasio-Cortez revealed that she is a sexual assault survivor while responding to how she felt during the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol. That same year in May, Ocasio-Cortez said that she has been in psychotherapy because of the events of the United States Capitol. She said she "did not know if I was going to make it to the end of that day alive". In March 2021, Ocasio-Cortez was name one of the least wealthy members of the Congress, with a net worth of $30,000. Cambrian Railways The Cambrian Railways owned of track over a large area of mid-Wales. The system was made from a number of earlier railways. The Cambrian connected with two of the larger railways to give connections to England. These were: The Cambrian Railways amalgamated with the Great Western Railway on 1 January 1922 as a result of the Railways Act 1921. The name is continued today in the route known as the Cambrian Line. London and North Western Railway The London and North Western Railway (LNWR) was a British railway company between 1846 and 1922. In the late 19th century the LNWR was the largest joint stock company in the world. The LNWR was formed in 1846 by a merger of the Grand Junction Railway, the London & Birmingham Railway and the Manchester & Birmingham Railway. The London terminus was at Euston railway station In 1923, the LNWR became a part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) under the Railways Act 1921. In 1948, it became the London Midland Region of British Railways. The LNWR may be seen as an ancestor of today's West Coast Main Line. David Berkowitz David Richard Berkowitz (born Richard David Falco; June 1, 1953), known also as the Son of Sam and the .44 Caliber Killer, is an American serial killer. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. Berkowitz pleaded guilty to eight separate shooting attacks that began in New York City during the summer of 1976. The crimes were done with a .44 caliber Bulldog revolver. He killed six people and wounded nine others by July 1977. On the night of August 10, 1977, Berkowitz was taken into custody by New York City police homicide detectives in front of his Yonkers apartment building. Berkowitz has been incarcerated since his arrest and is serving six consecutive life sentences. The Spike Lee drama "Summer of Sam" was released in 1999 with actor Michael Badalucco in the role of Son of Sam. Gary Ridgway Gary Leon Ridgway (born February 18, 1949), also known as the Green River Killer, is an American serial killer. He was convicted of 48 separate murders. As part of his plea bargain, an additional conviction was added, bringing the total number of convictions to 49, making him the most prolific serial killer in United States history according to confirmed murders. He was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. Ridgway murdered many women and girls in the state of Washington during the 1980s and 1990s. He would mainly kill runaways or prostitutes and would strangled his victims. On November 30, 2001, as Ridgway was leaving the Kenworth truck factory where he worked in Renton, Washington, he was arrested for the murders of four women whose cases were linked to him through DNA evidence. Donn Moomaw Donn Moomaw (born October 15, 1931) is an American football player and Presbyterian minister. He was born in Santa Ana, California. In the 1950s, he plated for Toronto Argonauts and for Ottawa Rough Riders. In 1953, he was drafted by the Los Angeles Rams. Moomaw played for UCLA as the center and linebacker for the team. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1973. Moomaw later became a Presbyterian minister, most notably serving Los Angeles' Bel Air Presbyterian Church as pastor from 1964 to 1993. He became friends with California Governor Ronald Reagan and wife Nancy. Moomaw later gave the invocation and benediction at Reagan's 1981 presidential inauguration and 1985 presidential inauguration. Bruce Davison Bruce Davison (born June 28, 1946) is an American actor and director. Davison is well known for his starring roles in the horror movie "Willard" (1971), "Longtime Companion" (1989) and in the X-Men movie franchise – through "X-Men" (2000) and "X2" (2003) as Senator Robert Kelly. Davison won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in "Longtime Companion". Daniel Pilon Daniel Pilon (November 13, 1940 – June 26, 2018) was a Canadian-born actor. He was known for his role in "Dallas" as Naldo Marchetta. Pilon was born in Montreal, Quebec. In addition to "Dallas", he has appeared in daytime soap operas such as "Ryan's Hope", "Guiding Light" and "Days of Our Lives". He also starred as Donn Moomaw in "The Reagans" and as Senator Rutledge in "Shoot 'Em Up". Pilon was also considered for the role of James Bond twice, in 1968 and in 1984. Pilon died on June 26, 2018 from cancer at a Montreal hospital at the age of 77. Fountain Hill, Arkansas Fountain Hill is a town in Ashley County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 175 at the 2010 census. Fountain Hill is located at (33.355421, -91.851173). Abbas Alizada Abbas Alizada known as Bruce Lee of Afghanistan is an amateur athlete in Kung-fu and Wushu in Afghanistan. Alizada became the favorite of the social networking sites of Afghanistan, due to apparent similarity to Bruce Lee. FNaF World FNaF World is an indie based role-playing game (RPG) produced by Scott Cawthon. It was a spin-off of the popular horror video game series, 'Five Nights at Freddy's'. "FNaF World" was released on January 21, 2016 for Microsoft Windows and first announced on the gaming website/software Steam on September 15, 2015. This game is no longer available due to being taken off of Steam because Scott Cawthon was not happy with the negative reviews and ratings it had received, although the game wasn't necessarily hated. It is still available in 2021 after being updated and is now free to play. Freddy Fazbear's Pizzeria Simulator Freddy Fazbear's Pizzeria Simulator is a point-and-click survival horror video game created by Scott Cawthon. It is the sixth official main installment of the "Five Nights at Freddy's" game series. The game was released on December 4, 2017 for free on Steam and Gamejolt. "Freddy Fazbear's Pizzeria Simulator" received mostly positive reviews. GameCrate called it the "best value in gaming right now". Scott Cawthon Scott Braden Cawthon (born June 4, 1978) is an American video game designer, developer, animator, and writer. He is best known as the creator of the "Five Nights of Freddy's" game franchise. Career. Cawthon has also created other games, such as "Chipper & Son's Lumber Co.", "The Desolate Hope", and "There is No Pause Button!," as well as Christian-based animations such as "A Christmas Journey" and "The Pilgrim's Progress". He used Autodesk 3ds Max, Autodesk Maya, and Clickteam Fusion 2.5 to develop "Five Nights at Freddy's" and most of his other games. Works. In 2015, Cawthon released his first novel, "". On June 24, 2016, Cawthon announced that he had made a 3-book deal with Scholastic and that the first book ("The Silver Eyes") would be re-printed on paperback in October that year, with the second and third being released in 2017 and 2018. Cawthon will be producing a "Five Nights" movie with Blumhouse Productions. Midland Railway The Midland Railway (MR) was a railway company in the United Kingdom from 1844 to 1922. It had a large network of lines managed from its headquarters in Derby. It became the third-largest railway undertaking in the British Isles after the Great Western Railway and the London and North Western Railway. The company was formed in 1844 by the merger of the Midland Counties Railway, the North Midland Railway, and the Birmingham & Derby Junction Railway. The Birmingham & Gloucester Railway joined two years later. The earlier systems met at Derby railway station. The MR established its locomotive works, and later its carriage and wagon works, at Derby. In 1923, the MR became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway under the Railways Act 1921. Salado, Texas Salado ( ) is a village in Bell County, Texas, United States. The population of the village was 2,126 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Killeen–Temple Metropolitan Statistical Area. Killeen, Texas Killeen is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States. According to the 2010 census, its population was 127,921, making it the 21st-most populous city in Texas. Temple, Texas Temple is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States. As of 2016 the city has a population of 73,600 according to a US census estimate. It is near the county seat of Belton, Texas. It is located off Interstate 35, Temple is north of Austin and south of Waco. Belton, Texas Belton is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, within the Killeen-Temple metropolitan area. The city is on the Interstate 35 corridor between Austin and Waco. It is the seat of Bell County. The population was 20,547 in 2015 according to a US Census Estimate. As of 2015 the metro region had a population of 450,051. Clio, Alabama Clio is a city in Barbour County, Alabama, United States. The population was 1,399 at the 2010 census, down from 2,206 in 2000. It is the birthplace of former Governor George C. Wallace. Great Northern Railway (Great Britain) The Great Northern Railway (GNR) was a British railway company established in 1846. The main line ran from London King's Cross station via Hitchin, Peterborough, and Grantham, to York. There was a loop line from Peterborough to Bawtry (south of Doncaster) via Boston and Lincoln. There were also branch lines to Sheffield and Wakefield. On 1 January 1923 the company became a part of the London and North Eastern Railway. Today, the GNR main line forms part of the East Coast Main Line. North Eastern Railway (UK) The North Eastern Railway (NER) was a British railway company. It was incorporated in 1854 by the combination of several existing railway companies. In 1923, it was merged with other railways to form the London and North Eastern Railway under the Railways Act 1921. The NER main line survives today as part of the East Coast Main Line between London and Edinburgh. George Steiner Francis George Steiner, FBA (April 23, 1929 – February 3, 2020) was a French-born American literary critic, essayist, philosopher, novelist, and educator. He wrote about the relationship between language, literature and society, and the impact of the Holocaust. Steiner died on February 3, 2020 at his home in Cambridge at the age of 90. The Turk The Turk, also known as the Mechanical Turk or Automaton Chess Player was a trick chess-playing machine. First put on show in 1770, the machine was in use until it was destroyed in a fire in 1854. It was later found to be a hoax. It was built in 1770 by Wolfgang von Kempelen to impress the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. The machine could play chess against a human. It could also perform the knight's tour, a puzzle where a player moves a knight to every square of a chessboard exactly once. The Turk was not a real machine, but a mechanical illusion. There was a person inside the machine working the controls. With a skilled chess player hidden inside the box, the Turk won most of the games. It played and won games against many people including Napoleon Bonaparte and Benjamin Franklin. The chess players who secretly worked inside the box included Johann Allgaier, Hyacinthe Henri Boncourt, Aaron Alexandre, William Lewis, Jacques Mouret, and William Schlumberger. How the Turk was made. During her later years in the 1990s, she could not hear very well. In 1995 at the age of 120 years, she became the subject of her own documentary, "120 Years with Jeanne Calment". She died in Arles. Controversy. A study by Russian researcher Nikolay Zak has disputed Jeanne Calment's claimed age with a hypothesis that Jeanne's daughter Yvonne, born 1898 and claimed to have died of pneumonia in 1934, usurped Jeanne's identity upon Jeanne's death in 1934. In that scenario, Jeanne Calment would have died already in 1934 and Yvonne Calment in 1997, claiming to be her mother and aged 122 but in fact she was aged 99. However, to prove if the hypothesis is true, a DNA/blood test is required. The oldest undisputed person in history is Japanese woman Kane Tanaka, who lived to age 119 years, 107 days. François Truffaut François Roland Truffaut (6 February 1932 – 21 October 1984) was a French movie director, producer, writer, actor and critic. He was very popular in the 1960s for such noted movies as "The 400 Blows", "Jules and Jim", "Stolen Kisses", "The Wild Child" and others. Truffaut was born in Paris and died of brain cancer in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine. Leif Erikson Leif Eriksson or Ericsson, Erickson, and Ericksson (c. 970 – c. 1020) was a Norse explorer. He was the first known European to travel to North America. Erikson was probably born in Iceland between 970-975 and grew up in Greenland. He had two brothers named Thorstien and Thorvald and a sister named Freydís. His father was Erik the Red, who had created colonies in Greenland. Eriksson is said to have visited North America long before anyone else in Europe did. According to Icelandic sagas (stories) he started a Viking settlement in Vinland. Many people think this was L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland in Canada. After landing in North America and when he was going back to Greenland, he rescued a man in his crew who had sunk. From that moment on, he was called “Leif the Lucky”. He generally believed to be the first European to reach the North American continent nearly four centuries before Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492. Thomas More Sir Thomas More or Saint Thomas More (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535), was an English writer, lawyer, and statesman. He held many important jobs including Speaker of the House of Commons, Lord Chancellor and advisor to the King Henry VIII. He also invented the word "utopia", which means: "an ideal place to live". This is described in the book he wrote called "Utopia". When King Henry left the Roman Catholic Church because the Pope would not give him a divorce from his first wife, he started The Church of England. More was a devout Catholic, so he did not accept the King as head of the Church. Because of this, he was arrested and executed for treason. He was thought of as a martyr and made a saint by the Roman Catholic Church in 1935. His feast day is on 22 June and he is the patron of lawyers and politicians. A play and movie called A Man For All Seasons is based on his life. Juan Perón Juan Domingo Perón (October 8, 1895 – July 1, 1974) was an Argentine general and politician. He was born in Buenos Aires. He served as President of Argentina from 1946 to 1955, ruling with Eva and again from 1973 to 1974 with his wife Isabel, who was his vice president. In Argentina, he and his second wife Eva or Evita are considered icons by many people, especially members of Peronist party, which he started and is still popular today. He was elected in 1946. In 1955 he was overthrown and force to leave the country. In 1973, he returned and ran for President again with his third wife Isabel as Vice-President and was elected. He died in Buenos Aires less than a year after being elected. His widow, Isabel took his place, which made the first woman to be the head of a country's government in the Western hemisphere. He was very popular among the working class because he was the first politician in a long time to care about the Argentine people. He required businesses to pay decent wages and safe conditions. He also did other social reforms, but also was pretty controlling. He controlled what could be said over the radio and sent people opposing him to jail. He also controlled unions and businesses, so although they had power, the government had last word. Kosher Kosher is the name that Jews give to the laws about the kind of food that they may eat. Their holy books specify certain kinds of food that are all right to eat, and that other kinds should not be eaten. The Kosher laws say that products classified as meat must not be eaten in the same meal with dairy products. Fish, fruit, and vegetables are considered neutral, called "pareve" (pronounced "PAR-veh"), and may be eaten with either meat or dairy meals. Jews who "keep kosher" have separate utensils for meat and dairy foods, and wait a number of hours after eating one type of food before eating the other type. The meat of some animals may not be eaten at all. Animals whose meat may be eaten must be killed in a special, careful way by a religiously trained slaughterer. Meat that is not fit to eat is called "treif" (pronounced TRAYf). Cartagena, Colombia Cartagena (pronounced in Spanish; the usual English pronunciation is or ), also known as Cartagena de Indias ("Cartagena of the West Indies"), is a large city seaport on the northern coast of Colombia. It is the capital of the Bolívar Department. As of 2005, it has a population of roughly 895,400. It was founded in 1533 by Don Pedro de Heredia, and named after the port of Cartagena in Spain's Murcia region. It was a major centre of early Spanish settlement in the Americas, and continues to be an economic hub as well as a popular tourist destination. Greta Garbo Greta Garbo (born Greta Lovisa Gustafsson; 18 September 1905 – 15 April 1990) was a Swedish-American actress. Life and career. Greta Gustafson was born in Stockholm, she studied at the Royal School of Dramatic Art in her native city, while working as a fashion model. She became a star in Sweden when Mauritz Stiller cast her in the 1924 silent movie "The Atonement of Gösta Berling". Soon after, she came to the attention of Louis B. Mayer and went to Hollywood in 1925. Soon, she established herself as one of the world's most popular movie stars. Some of her most notable movies include; "Mata Hari" (1931), "Queen Christina" (1933), "Camille" (1936), "Conquest" (1937) and "Ninotchka" (1939). She retired from movies in 1941 and became an American citizen on 9 February 1951. In 1984 she had breast cancer. She lived as a semi-recluse in New York City until her death (April 15; 1990) there from renal failure and pneumonia. Anita Ekberg Kerstin Anita Marianne Ekberg (29 September 1931 11 January 2015) was a Swedish actress. She was born in Malmö, Skåne. She was best known for her role in the movie "La Dolce Vita" (1960), which was directed by Federico Fellini. Ekberg died from a long-illness in Castelli Romani, Italy, aged 83. World Championship Wrestling World Championship Wrestling (WCW) was a professional wrestling company and also the name of a 2-hour wrestling show on TBS created by Ted Turner in 1982. History. One of the earliest shows to be broadcast on Ted Turner's WTBS station was World Championship Wrestling, airing at 6:05 in the afternoon. Wrestling had aired on the channel since 1972. World Championship Wrestling was taped in Atlanta, Georgia, at WTBS' studios at 1050 Techwood Drive until 1989, when the taping location was moved to the Center Stage Theater, in Atlanta. In 1988, Turner started the company World Championship Wrestling, named after the show. The show was then called WCW Saturday Night in 1992. WCW grew bigger with wrestlers such as Ric Flair, Sting, Arn Anderson, Lex Luger, The Steiner Brothers, Vader and Ron Simmons. In 1995, a Monday night show was added called WCW Monday Nitro to compete with the World Wrestling Federation and it's flagship show Raw in what became known as the "Monday Night Wars" winning until 1998. Ted Turner lost control of his networks TBS and TNT in October 1996. He still was in charge of day-to-day operations of the Turner channels and WCW, but Time Warner had majority ownership over it, so basically any major decisions had to be approved by them. WCW began to decline in 1998 and got significantly worse after an event called the Fingerpoke of Doom on the first Nitro of 1999. In January 2001, AOL merged with Time Warner and Ted Turner was forced out of TNT, TBS and WCW. The new owners decided not to show wrestling anymore. Turner still supported wrestling, but Time Warner didn't and in the end WCW was bought out by the World Wrestling Federation who shut it down. The video library and copyrights were bought by WWE on March 23, 2001. WWE Classics On Demand continues to show episodes of the original World Championship Wrestling program. The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air is an American television series. It is a sitcom that aired on NBC from September 10, 1990, to May 20, 1996 for six seasons. It is set in Bel Air, Los Angeles, and stars Will Smith as the "Fresh Prince". At the beginning he lives with his mother in poverty in Philadelphia. In the first episode he moves to Bel Air to live with his rich aunt, uncle and cousins. It was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards. The show was also successful outside of the United States, and was on the UK channel BBC2 from 1991 to 2004. The Nation of Domination The Nation of Domination (NoD) was a professional wrestling stable (a group of wrestlers who work together) in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). The group was based on the Nation of Islam. It was created in the WWF by Faarooq. There were usually no more than four or five members of the NoD at any one time but as members left or became injured, other wrestlers would replace them. Members of the NoD included Rocky Maivia (The Rock), Crush, Savio Vega, D'Lo Brown, Ahmed Johnson, Kama Mustafa, Mark Henry and Owen Hart. The NoD separated in October of 1998. The NoD fought mainly against Degeneration X, led by Triple H. Potomac River The Potomac River is a river in the eastern United States. It is 665 kilometers long. It forms part of the borders between Maryland, West Virginia, Washington, D.C., and Virginia. The Potomac flows to the Chesapeake Bay. It has two sources. The North Branch starts at Fairfax Stone in West Virginia, and the South Branch starts in Highland County, Virginia. The North Branch and the South Branch meet in Hampshire County, West Virginia, and make the Potomac River. Greenbrier County, West Virginia Greenbrier County is a county in the state of West Virginia, in the United States. About 34,400 people were living in Greenbrier County as of 2000. As of 2000, Greenbrier County had an area of 1,024 square miles. Emperor Go-Sanjō was the 71st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign started in 1068 and ended in 1073. This 11th century sovereign was named after Emperor Sanjō and "go-" (後), translates literally as "later." He is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Sanjō". The Japanese word "go" has also been translated to mean the "second one;" and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Sanjō, the second," or as "Sanjo II." Traditional narrative. His personal name ("imina") was . He was the second son of Emperor Go-Suzaku, and his mother was Empress Sadako, the third daughter of Emperor Sanjō. This made him the first Emperor in 170 years whose mother was not of the Fujiwara family. Era names. The Japanese era names ("nengō") of his reign were Emperor Jimmu was the 1st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Jimmu is known as the founder of the Imperial dynasty. There are no certain dates for this emperor's life or reign. The names and sequence of the early emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty. Traditional history. Jimmu is almost certainly a legend. His name and genealogy are recorded in the "Kojiki" and "Nihonshoki". Jimmu is regarded as a direct descendant of the Shinto sun goddess, Amaterasu. During reign of Emperor Jimmu, the capital of Japan was at Kashiwabara, Yamato at the foot of Mt. Unebi. Events of Jimmu's life. The absence of information about Jimmu does not mean that he did or did not exist. There is very little data about the rulers of Japan before the reign of Emperor Bidatsu The traditional story is that Jimmu came from Kyushu to Yamato Province on the island of Honshu. The story explains that he followed a three legged crow. He established his reign at Kashihara near Osaka. After his death. This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Jimmu. The actual site of his grave is not known. According to the Imperial Household Agency, the emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ("misasagi") in Kashihara at Nara. The mausoleum is located a short distance from Kashihara Shrine. National holiday. In 1872, the Meiji government declared that February 11, 660 BC was the exact date on which the reign of Jimmu began. This was identified as the start of the Japanese nation. This mythical date was commemorated as the holiday "Kigensetsu" ("Era Day"). This national holiday was celebrated from 1872 to 1948. The "Kigensetsu" events in 1940 were special. They celebrated what was believed to be 2,600 years since the start of Emperor Jimmu's reign. There has been a similar Japanese national holiday since February 11, 1966. It is called National Foundation Day ("Kenkoku Kinen no hi"). Posthumous name A posthumous name is an honorary name given to someone after their death. This type of name was common with naming royalty in the countries of Japan and China. They were also sometimes used in Vietnam and Korea. History. This idea was created during the Zhou Dynasty in China. The first person to be named in this way was Ji Chang, named by his son. His son, Ji Fa of Zhou, called his father the "Civil King". This meant that he found his father to be good and sympathetic to the people he ruled. These sort of names were not used during the Qin Dynasty. During that time, these names were not thought to show respect. Posthumous names were used again during the Han Dynasty. Chinese emperors. Chinese posthumous names, for rulers, end in one or both symbols for "emperor", "Huángdì". This can be shortened to "Dì". These names were sometimes very long. They can be good names or bad. Good names are called respectful names (or "zūn hào" in Chinese). Some of these names are: Japanese emperors. The posthumous names of Japanese emperors are called "teigō". Some names are given a long time after their death. Others are given right after the emperor had died. Some of these names tell about the place they were born or lived in, or traits they had that their people admired. Some also put together two previous emperors' or empresses' names, like Empress Meishō. The empresses before her were called Gemmei and Genshō. So her name became Meishō. You Can't Do That on Television You Can't Do That on Television (YCDTOTV) is a Canadian children's television program that aired on Nickelodeon in the USA. It was created by Roger Price and produced from 1979 until 1990. It mostly featured child actors in a sketch comedy format, acting out short scenes based on a theme that served as the topic for the episode. Connecting scenes based on the theme would often serve to create a story arc that lasted the length of the episode. became known for its iconic green slime that was originally used in this show. The series is known also because future pop recording artist Alanis Morissette was in it as a cast member at some time. In 2002, and again in 2004, "YCDTOTV" cast members reunited alongside fans of the show at SlimeCon, a fan-produced convention in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. "YCDTOTV" was a children's comedy show. Some people see it as a nostalgic cult classic. During the 2004 event, a "Top Secret" reunion special had its premiere. Medellín Medellín (pronounced or , Spanish: or ) is the capital city in the Metropolitan Area of Medellín of the Antioquia Department, Colombia. It was founded in 1616 by Francisco Herrera Campuzano. As of 2014, the municipality of Medellín had a population of about 2.45 million inhabitants. This makes it the second most populated city in Colombia after Bogotá, which is the capital city of Colombia. Medellín also is the core of the Valle de Aburrá ("Aburrá Valley") metropolitan area. This is the second largest metropolitan area in Colombia, with more than 3.8 million inhabitants, and a leading and productive industrial and urban center. The city's major problem is unemployment. Many other Colombian cities also have this problem. People from Antioquia and especially from Medellín are called Paisas although the Paisas are people from the departments of Antioquia, Risaralda, Caldas and Quindío. Nouakchott Nouakchott () is the capital city of the African county of Mauritania. It is the largest city in that country and one of the largest cities on the Sahara Desert. The city is the administrative and economic centre of Mauritania. The Arabic name is said to mean "The place of winds" in the language of the Berber people. The city is often a place where the urban Mauritanians and the nomadic people of the area can interact. The population of Nouakchott is about 881,000 people. It is hard to know exactly how many people live in the city because many of them are nomadic. They find a good place to live, set up their tent for a short time and then move to somewhere else. Although Islam is the state religion in Mauritania, Nouakchott includes the Cathedral of St. Joseph, a Catholic cathedral. Nouakchott has a deep-sea port. It was opened in 1986. The port is mainly used for imports. The city also features an international airport. The city is home to the Université de Nouakchott. It is the only university in Mauritania. Things to see in Nouakchott include Nouakchott Museum, several markets including Nouakchott Silver Market, and the beaches. History. Nouakchott has very little history. It was a tiny fishing town until 1958. It is possible that the Berber Muslim Almoravids came from the area. The city was selected as the capital city for its mild climate and its location near the center of the country. Mauritania was part of the larger French colony of French West Africa. During that time, Saint-Louis, in Senegal was the capital. In 1957, this small port town was chosen to be the capital of the new country. A building program was begun to grow its population to 15,000. In 1962, Nouakchott became the capital of an independent country. The city has much growth. Because of the north African drought since the beginning of the 1970s many people have moved to the city. Geography. Nouakchott is located on the Atlantic coast of the Sahara Desert. The city is very spread out. It has only a few tall buildings. Nouakchott is built around a large tree-lined street, Avenue Abd an-Nasir. This street runs northeast through the city center from the airport. Other major streets are named (in French) for notable Mauritanian people, or international people of the 1960s: Avenue de Gaulle, Avenue Kennedy, and Avenue Lumumba, for example. Temperatures range between 33°C (92°F) and 13 °C (56 °F). The average rainfall is 178mm (7in) a year. Saint Nicholas Saint Nicholas (Greek: Άγιος Νικόλαος, ayios nicholaos) (270–6 December 343), or Nikolaos of Myra, was the Bishop of Myra. He was born in the Greek colony of Patara, in Asia Minor. Myra is near Antalya, in modern-day Turkey. In the 11th century, his remains were taken to Bari, Italy, to save them from Turkish (Muslim) invaders. He is the patron saint of very many groups, including thieves and murderers. So far as is known, what he did in that respect was to protect the "falsely accused". He is venerated in both Eastern Orthodox and Catholic Churches. Life. His parents were relatively well-off. Nicholas is said to have distributed his fortune among the poor. This is relatively well documented. Less documented deeds of his include saving children from drowning. Nicholas saved young girls from being made prostitutes (because their fathers did not have the money for a dowry). He helped seamen in a storm and saved a child that was abducted. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Saint Nicholas of Myra is a very prominent figure. Very often, the third large icon on the Iconostasis in Orthodox churches is devoted to him. The other two are usually devoted to Jesus, and to Mary with the child. The Cantata by Benjamin Britten. The modern composer Benjamin Britten composed a cantata for orchestra and choir about the life of St. Nicholas. It is very popular and often performed. In modern times. He is the Saint behind the legendary character of Santa Claus. He is the patron Saint of Children, of Seafarers and merchants. The Hanseatic League chose him as their patron saint. Over 400 churches and several thousands all over the world are named after Nicholas of Myra. He is also the patron saint of both Amsterdam, capital of Netherlands and Moscow, capital of Russia. HBO The Home Box Office (HBO) is an American cable television network. "HBO" show movies made for theaters as well as television. The also show many original television programs, including "The Sopranos", "Six Feet Under", "Crashbox" and "Big Love". Other popular series include Geroge And Martha "Oz", "True Blood", "Carnivàle", "Curb Your Enthusiasm", "Game of Thrones", "Boardwalk Empire, "The Wire", "Entourage", and "Deadwood". HBO "is owned by WarnerMedia (formerly TimeWarner). The Electric Company The Electric Company was an educational American children's television series. It was produced by the Children's Television Workshop (1971-1977)/Sesame Workshop (2006 and 2009-2011) for PBS in the United States. PBS broadcast 930 episodes over nine seasons from 1971 to 1977, 2006, and 2009 to 2011. CTW (1971-1977)/Sesame Workshop (2006/2009-2011) produced the show at Reeves Teletape Studios (1971-1977)/Kaufman Astoria Studios (2006/2009-2011) Second Stage in Manhattan. "The Electric Company" used sketch comedy and other devices to create an entertaining program to help children of elementary-school age get better at reading skills. It was meant for children who had "graduated" from CTW's main program, "Sesame Street." Season 1 is released in October 25, 1971 - April 21, 1972; season 2 is released in October 23, 1972 - April 20, 1973; season 3 is released in October 22, 1973 - April 19, 1974, season 4 is released in October 21, 1974 - April 18, 1975, season 5 is released in October 20, 1975 - April 16, 1976, season 6 is released in October 18, 1976 - April 15, 1977, season 7 is released in 2006 and January 19 - October 1, 2009, season 8 is released in January 25 - May 7, 2010, and season 9 is released in February 7 - March 28, 2011. June Angela as Julie (1971-1977 and 2009) was a long-running cast member of the 1971-1977 rock band named The Short Circus. In 2006, the 1977 departed 1975-1977 cast were or was replaced by the 2009-2011 cast playing the Ruiz family and their friends in their gang. In the comic book, season 10 is released in 2012. Model (person) A model is a person who has the job of using their body to pose for art, or to show fashion items, such as clothes or jewellery. Models often appear in advertising on television and in print media, for example newspapers and magazines, or on the web. First model. The first person described to work as a fashion model was Parisian shopgirl, Marie Vernet Worth. She was a 'house' model in 1852, for her fashion designer husband at the "haute couture" House of Worth. Commercial models. There are many different types of models. Some models only use certain parts of their bodies. For example, a "hand model" is a person who only uses their hands. A hand model would be used to display certain items, for example rings and watches. These models are mostly used for advertisements. Fashion models are used to sell clothing or cosmetics. People who make clothing will often use fashion models to wear the clothing they make at fashion shows. The models will walk up and down a raised section of floor called the catwalk or "runway" to show the clothing to other people. Some exclusive 'fashion houses' also use models to show off their dresses to clients. This idea was invented by Charles Worth. Photographers use models for advertising, editorial and personal portfolio work. Work can involve news, fine art, fashion, fitness and glamour. Some photographers may ask models to express different moods or feeling for pictures. Models can be all shapes and sizes, both men and women. Models do not have to be size zero, though most are young, good-looking females. There are specialist models for feet, hands and face, all of which may be photographed for various reasons. Some models are "plus-size" models and are of a larger build. Supermodels. A supermodel is a highly paid model who usually has a worldwide reputation. The term "supermodel" began being used in the 1980s. Supermodels usually work for top fashion designers and famous clothing brands. They have multimillion-dollar contracts. They also have endorsements and campaigns. They have branded themselves as household names and are recognized worldwide. Art models. Fine art models are hired by photographers, painters, sculptors and other artists to pose for their art. Models are frequently used during art classes, but are also employed by professional artists. The most common types of art created using models are figure drawing and painting, sculpture and photography. Although commercial motives dominate over aesthetics in advertising, its 'artwork' commonly employs models. Throughout the history of Western art, drawing the human figure from life was considered the best way to develop the skill of drawing. In the art school classroom setting, there are no real limitations on who the model can be. In some cases, the model may pose with various props, one or more other models, animals etc., against real or artificial background, in natural or artificial light and so on. Models for life drawing classes are often nude, apart from visually non-obstructive personal items such as small jewellery and sometimes eyeglasses. This may be referred to as being 'undraped' or 'disrobed'. Employment. Models typically work in one of two ways: Jacques Rougeau Jacques Rougeau Jr. (born June 13, 1960 in Saint-Sulpice, Quebec) is a French-Canadian retired professional wrestler. He is best known for his time working with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in the 1980s and 1990s. He first teamed with his brother Raymond Rougeau as The Fabulous Rougeaus. He would later have a singles career and wrestled under the ring name The Mountie. He later formed The Quebecers with Pierre. Rougeau also wrestled for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) from 1996 until 1998 where he teamed with Carl Ouellet as The Amazing French Canadians. During his career, Rougeau was a one-time WWF Intercontinental Champion and a three-time WWF Tag Team Championship with Quebecer Pierre. Ezzard Charles Ezzard Mack Charles (July 7, 1921 – May 28, 1975) was an African-American professional boxer. He was the heavyweight boxing champion from September 27, 1950, when he outpointed Joe Louis in 15 rounds in New York City, to July 18, 1951, when he was knocked out by Jersey Joe Walcott in 7 rounds in Pittsburgh. As an amateur, Charles was undefeated and in 1939 won the national AAU Middleweight Championship. Charles turned professional in 1940, but his career was interrupted while he served in the United States military during World War II. Charles won the World Heavyweight Championship in 1950 and retired from boxing in 1959 with a record of 96 wins, 25 losses, and 1 draw. Ring Magazine named Charles Fighter of the Year in 1949 and 1950. In 1976, Cincinnati honored Charles by renaming a street Ezzard Charles Drive and in 1990 he was posthumously inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame. In 2009, Boxing Magazine designated Charles the greatest light heavyweight boxer of all time. Religion of ancient Egypt The religion of ancient Egypt lasted throughout their civilization. After about three thousand years, the Egyptian people turned to Coptic Christianity and Islam. These religions were brought by influences from outside. Christianity spread across Egypt in the third and fourth centuries AD. After the Muslim conquest of Egypt in the 7th century, most Egyptians were converted to Islam by the 10th century. Gods. At the beginning, there were five different religious groups of people in Egypt. Each groups had different beliefs, and were based in different places. During the history of Egypt, the beliefs changed with the leader. When someone rose in power, their belief system rose as well. The new beliefs would combined with the beliefs that were already there. This happened even after the end of the ancient Egyptian civilization as it is known today. An example of this might be the "New Kingdom". During its time, the gods Ra and Amun, became Amun-Ra. Joining to create one god is usually referred to as syncretism. History of the gods. The Egyptians believed that in the beginning, the universe was filled with the dark waters of chaos. The first god, Re-Atum, came from the water. Re-Atum spat and this created the gods Shu (god of air) and Tefnut (goddess of moisture). The world was created when Shu and Tefnut gave birth to two children: Nut (goddess of the sky) and Geb (god of the Earth). Humans were created when Shu and Tefnut went walking in the darkness and got lost. Re-Atum sent his eye to find them. After finding them, his tears of joy turned into people. Nut and Geb had sex. When Shu heard about this, he did not want them to be together. He became the air between the sky and ground. He also said that the pregnant Nut could not give birth. Nut begged Thoth to help. Thoth gambled with the moon-god Khonsu. He won five more days to be added to the 360-day year. Nut had one child on each of these days: Osiris, Isis, Set, Nephthys, and Horus-the-Elder. Osiris was the king of Egypt. His brother, Seth, murdered him and became the king. After killing him, Seth tore the body of Osiris into pieces. Isis rescued the pieces. She wanted to bury the pieces under the temple. After Seth became king, he was fought by Horus, Osiris's son. Seth lost and was sent to the desert. Seth became the god of horrible storms. Osiris was mummified by Anubis and became God of the dead. Horus became the new king. In ancient Egypt, it was believed that the pharaohs were Horus's descendants. The ancient Greeks believed that Egyptian gods and goddesses were the descendants of their gods and goddesses. In ancient Greek Mythology, when the titan Typhon was set free, all of the Greek gods (except for Hermes and Zeus) fled to Egypt. In Greece, many of the gods made themselves turn into animals to hide themselves from Typhon. Death. Egypt had a developed view of the afterlife with rituals for preparing the body and soul for a peaceful life after death. Beliefs about the soul and afterlife focused mainly on preserving the body. This was because they believed that the "ka" (a part of a person's soul that was depicted as a bird with a persons head) was still living in the body after death and it was important for the ka to be reunited with the ba, the spirit or soul to form the akh. This meant that embalming and mummification were done, in order to preserve the person's identity in the afterlife. Originally the dead were buried in reed coffins in the hot sand, which caused the remains to dry quickly, and then were buried. Later, they started constructing wooden tombs, and the long process of mummification was developed by the Egyptians around the 4th Dynasty. All soft tissues were removed, and the cavities washed and packed with natron, then the outer body was buried in natron as well. The heart was the only organ left within the body as it was believed the heart had to be weighed in the underworld to see if the person was worthy of a peaceful afterlife. The other organs were placed in 'canopic jars' which had seals depicting the heads of the Gods that guarded the intestines: Imsety,an Egyptian man who guards the liver, Hapi, a baboon who guards the lungs, Duamutef, a jackal who guards the stomach and Qebehsenuef, a falcon who guards the intestines. After coming out of the natron, the bodies were coated inside and out with resin to preserve them, then wrapped with linen bandages, embedded with religious amulets and talismans. In the case of royalty, this was usually then placed inside a series of nested coffins. The outer layer of the coffins was a stone sarcophagus. Other creatures were also mummified, sometimes thought to be pets of Egyptian families, but more likely they represented the gods. They left the heart in place because they thought it was the home of the soul. The Book of the Dead was a series of almost two hundred spells represented as texts, songs and pictures written on papyrus. They were individually customized for the dead. They were buried along with the dead to make their passage into the underworld easier. After working their way through lakes of fire, spitting cobras, demon jackals and giant bugs their soul is led into a hall of judgment in Duat by Anubis (god of mummification) and the deceased's heart, which was the record of the morality of the owner, is weighed against a single feather representing Ma'at (the concept of truth, and order). A heart that weighed less than the feather was considered a pure heart. This resulted in a good outcome. A heart heavy with guilt and sin from one's life weighed more than the feather, and so the heart would be eaten by Ammit ("Eater of Hearts")–part crocodile, part lion, and part hippopotamus. If the outcome was good, the dead are taken to Osiris, god of the afterlife, in Aaru, but the if the out come was bad, the demon Ammit destroyed their heart which killed the soul. The person would then be placed in a special place with food just out of reach of their hands. If they ever got the food, demons would put them into a hole to make it harder for them. The Greeks wrote a myth about a King who was forced to do the same thing but he was imprisoned in a lake. Whenever he bent his head to have some water, the lake would drain away only to bring the water back when he stopped trying. There was also food above his head on a tree and whenever he reached out for it the branch would move away. The monotheistic period. A short time of monotheism (Atenism) happened when Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV) was pharaoh. He focused the religion on the Egyptian sun god Aten. The Aten is usually shown as a sun disk with rays coming out of all sides. Akhenaten built a new capital at Amarna with temples for The Aten. Akhenaten's religion only lasted until his death. The old religion was quickly restored by Tutankhamun, Akhenaten's son by his wife Kiya. While most historians say this period is monotheistic, some researchers do not. They say that people worshipped the royal family as gods who got their divine power from the Aten. In one picture, Akhenaten is shown with his wife Nefertiti with three of their 6 daughters sitting under the beams of the Aten. This point of view is mostly ignored by the historians. Some researchers say that Akhenaten or some of his viziers were Moses or Joseph (Bible) from the Bible. After the fall of the Amarna dynasty, the original Egyptin pantheon was the main religion, until the development Coptic Christianity and later Islam, even though the Egyptians continued to have relations with the other monotheistic cultures (the Hebrews). Egyptian mythology put up surprisingly little resistance to the spread of Christianity. This is sometimes explained by saying that Jesus was originally a syncretism based mainly on Horus, with Isis and her worship becoming Mary. Kyle Broflovski Kyle Broflovski (sometimes called Brovlofski or Broflofski) is a fictional character in the animated television series "South Park". He is voiced by and influenced by Matt Stone, one of the people who made the show. Kyle is one of the four main characters. The other three main characters are Stan Marsh, Kenny McCormick, and Eric Cartman. He is friends with Stan and Kenny. They are all in fourth grade. They all hang out with Eric Cartman. They do not like him because he can be mean and offensive. Kyle usually acts as the protagonist to Cartman's antagonist. Because Kyle is one of the few Jewish children on the show, he sometimes feels like an outcast between the main group of characters. Character. Kyle lives with his family in the fictional town of South Park, Colorado. He has an adopted brother named Ike. Ike is from Canada. Both Kyle and Ike are Jewish. Kyle is one of the smartest students in the fourth grade class at his elementary school. Cartman usually makes fun of Kyle because he is Jewish. Appearance. Keeping with the animation style of South Park, Kyle is created from simple geometrical shapes. He is not given the same free range of motion like characters that are drawn by hand. In one of the earliest episodes, he was created out of construction paper cutouts and animated with the use of stop motion. Kyle is now animated with computer software. He is shown to give the sense that the show still uses the original animation technique. Kyle wears a bright green cap with ear flaps (shapka or bomber-hat), a bright orange jacket, dark green pants, and lime-green mittens or gloves. When he is not seen wearing his cap (which does not happen very often), he is shown to have a bright red-to-auburn Jewfro. He does not like this hairstyle. Family. Kyle's father, Gerald is a caring parent to Kyle who usually tries to teach him important morals and ethics. His mother, Sheila is a very overprotective and has a knack for fequently protesting in things that opposes or comes across her ideas or beliefs. Even though her personality sometimes bothers Kyle, he is known to have still loved her and would come to here defense when Cartman would make fun of Kyle's mom. Sheila is based on the stereotype about Jewish mothers. Kyle usually has a good relationship with his parents, although he sometimes would rebel against them. Kyle also has one brother, Ike. Ike is his younger brother who was adopted from Canada. In the earlier episodes of the series, Kyle sometimes played a game he called "kick the baby", where he would punt Ike into the air. Kyle is shown to be caring for Ike and tries to protect him several times. In addition to his regular family, Kyle has a cousin who shares the same name with him. However, Kyle did not seem to like his cousin and tried to send him away several times. Eric Cartman Eric Theodore Cartman is a fictional character in the animated television series "South Park". He is voiced by co-creator Trey Parker. Cartman is one of four main characters in the series. He is often the main reason for their adventures because of his over-enthusiasm and selfishness. Cartman often reacts violently to things that he hates. He hates any race or group of which he is not a member, particularly the Jews. He also has sociopathic tendencies. This comes from his rivalry with Kyle Broflovski. Eric idolizes Adolf Hitler, Henry Ford, and Mel Gibson. He is also a fan of T.S. Elliot. He often tricks others, at which he is good at, to meet his own ends, no matter the consequences to other people, even if it can result in deaths. Psyche Psyche can refer to two different concepts: ...And Justice for All (album) ...And Justice For All is Metallica's fourth album and was released on August 25, 1988. It was Metallica's first album since the death of Cliff Burton, who was replaced by Jason Newsted as their bass player. It shall be said though, that they recorded and released The $5.98 E.P.: Garage Days Re-Revisited, which only include five songs covered by Metallica, but it is often not counted as a Metallica album, as it only contain five cover songs. Track listing. All songs written by James Hetfield, Lars Ulrich, and Kirk Hammett except where noted. Armenian Apostolic Church The Armenian Apostolic Church (Armenian: Հայ Առաքելական Եկեղեցի), also called the Armenian Orthodox Church or the Gregorian Church, is the world's oldest national church and one of the most ancient Christian communities. History. The Kingdom of Armenia was the first state to adopt Christianity as its official religion under the rule of King Tiridates in the early 4th century. The church claims to have originated in the missions of Apostles Bartholomew and Thaddeus in the 1st century, by tradition. The Church teaches that it was first preached by two Apostles of Jesus, St. Thaddeus and St. Bartholomew. The Armenian Apostolic Church claims to been in existence since the days of the apostles and therefore would be one of the oldest denominations of Christianity. Armenia was the first country to adopt Christianity as its official religion, when St. Gregory the Illuminator converted Tiridates III (the King of Armenia) and members of his court, traditionally dated to 301 (after Mikayel Chamchian 1784). The Church teaches that St. Gregory was imprisoned by Tiridates in an underground pit, called Khor Virab, for 13 years, after which he healed the King of an incurable disease, whereupon Tiridates accepted Christianity. National church The term national church is usually a reference to a church organization in Christianity that claims pastoral jurisdiction over a nation. The term should not be confused with established church (state church): a national church differs from a state church such that a national church does not necessarily need to be officially endorsed by the state, and even may be persecuted by the government (as Orthodox churches were persecuted under communist regimes). A state religion is similar to a national or state church, except the religion need not be Christian. The term national church (or "independent church") is used a lot within, but is not shortened to, the Anglican Communion and Orthodox Christianity. For example, the Episcopal Church in the United States of America considers itself to be the national church of the United States. In Catholicism, the term national church might mean to a parish catering to immigrants from another nation. List of football clubs in Armenia This is a list of Armenian football (soccer) clubs. FC Zvartnots FC Zvartnots is an Armenian football club from Yerevan. The club made their first notable result in the 1998 Armenian First League, where they became the league's champions and win promotion to the Armenian Premier League. For a few years Zvartnots would become one of the main contenders in the Premier League. In their first Premier League season they reached the fourth spot, while in 2001 they became second after FC Pyunik. In the 2003 season they would still be among the Premier League clubs, however they withdrew before the season and did not return in professional football since. Armenian Premier League The Armenian Premier League is the top football competition in Armenia. History. It was founded by the Football Federation of Armenia in 1992. From 1936 to 1991, the games were held as a regional tournament within the USSR. For the first three years the season ran from spring to fall, but since the 1995-1996 season has run from summer to spring. The league currently consists of six teams, and the worst teams relegates to the Armenian First League. Over the years, the league has shrunk from a league consisting of only eight teams to six teams. and Football Federation of Armenia The Football Federation of Armenia (FFA) is the governing body of football in Armenia. It organizes the football league, Armenian Premier League, and the Armenian national football team. It is based in Yerevan. Orhan Pamuk Ferit Orhan Pamuk (born June 7, 1952) is a famous Nobel Prize-winning Turkish author. Pamuk is a post-modernist writer. He has won many writing awards around the world. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature on October 12 2006, which made him the first Turkish person to win the Nobel Prize. In 2005, he faced criminal charges because of comments he made in an interview. In the interview, Pamuk said about Armenian Genocide, "Thirty thousand Kurds, and a million Armenians were killed in these lands and nobody dares to talk about it." Pamuk faced a hate campaign and he had to flee the country. The charges were dropped in early 2006 under an influence of international movement of Amnesty International and European Parliament. Corpse (disambiguation) Corpse could mean: Lake Van Lake Van (, ) is the largest lake in Turkey, in the far east of the country. Akdamar Island is in this lake. Although Lake Van is at altitude with harsh winters, it does not freeze because it is very salty, except occasionally the shallow northern section. History. The lake was the center of the Urartian kingdom from about 1000 BC, and the capital of Urartu, Tushpa, was on the shore of Lake Van (on the site of the medieval castle of Van, west of Van city). Later the land around the lake was ruled by Armenians. Along with Lake Sevan in today's Armenia and Lake Urmia in today's Iran, Van was one of the three great lakes of the Armenian Kingdom, referred to as "the seas of Armenia". Kurdish language The Kurdish language (Kurdish: kurdî) is a language spoken by the Kurdish people in an area called Kurdistan, including by Kurdish people in parts of the countries Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. Kurdish has two main dialects and many subs dialects, the two mains are : Kurmanji and Sorani. It belongs to the same language group as the Iranian languages. Another well-known Iranian language is Persian. It is considered an Indo-European language. Annual plant In Botany, an annual plant is a plant that usually germinates, flowers and dies in one year. True annuals will only live longer than a year if they are prevented from setting seed. Some seedless plants can also be considered annuals even though they do not flower. In gardening, annual often refers to a plant grown outdoors in the spring and summer and surviving just for one growing season. Many food plants are, or are grown as, annuals, including most domesticated grains. Some perennials and biennials are grown in gardens as annuals for convenience, particularly if they are not considered cold hardy for the local climate. Carrot, celery and parsley are true biennials that are usually grown as annual crops for their edible roots, petioles and leaves, respectively. Tomato, sweet potato and bell pepper are tender perennials usually grown as annuals. Ornamental annuals are often called bedding plants. Annuals are often used in gardens to provide splashes of color, as they tend to have a longer season of bloom than hardy herbaceous perennials. Examples of true annuals include corn, lettuce, pea, cauliflower, watermelon, bean, zinnia and marigold. Summer annuals. Summer annuals sprout, flower and die within the same spring/summer/fall. The lawn weed, crabgrass, is a summer annual. Pea A pea, although treated as a vegetable in cooking, is botanically a fruit; the term is most commonly used to describe the small spherical seeds or the pods of the legume Pisum sativum. This was the original model organism used by Gregor Mendel in his early work on genetics. The name is also used to describe other edible seeds from the Fabaceae like the pigeon pea ("Cajanus cajan"), the chickpea, the cowpea ("Vigna unguiculata")and the seeds from several species of "Lathyrus". "P. sativum" is an annual plant. It is a cool season crop, planted in winter. The average pea weighs between 0.1 and 0.36 grams. The species is as a fresh vegetable, but is also grown to produce dry peas like the split pea. These varieties are typically called field peas. "P. sativum" has been cultivated for thousands of years, the sites of cultivation have been described in southern Syria and southeastern Turkey, and some argue that the cultivation of peas with wheat and barley seems to be associated with the spread of Neolithic agriculture into Europe. Description of "Pisum Sativum". It is a cool-season vegetable crop. The seeds may be planted as soon as the soil temperature reaches 10 °C, with the plants growing best at temperatures of 13 °C to 18 °C. They do not thrive in the summer heat of warmer temperate and lowland tropical climates, but do grow well in cooler high altitude tropical areas. Peas grow best in slightly acid, well-drained soils. Seed dispersal. The seeds are dispersed when the pod reaches maturity and bursts open. It scatters the peas over as wide a distance as it is possible for the plant. Different Varieties of Peas. Several varieties of "P. sativum" have been bred. Widely cultivated examples include: Ways of eating peas. Fresh peas are often eaten boiled and flavored with butter and/or spearmint as a side dish vegetable. Salt is also commonly added to peas when served. Fresh peas are also used in pot pies, salads and casseroles. Pod peas (particularly sweet cultivars called "mangetout" and "sugar peas", or the flatter "snow peas," called "hé lán dòu", 荷兰豆 in Chinese) are used in stir fried dishes, particularly those in American Chinese cuisine. Pea pods do not keep well once picked, and if not used quickly are best preserved by drying, canning or freezing within a few hours of harvest. Dried peas are often made into a soup or simply eaten on their own. In Japan and other Southeast Asian countries including Thailand, Taiwan and Malaysia, the peas are roasted and salted, and eaten as snacks. In the UK, marrowfat peas are used to make pease pudding (or "pease porridge"), a traditional dish. In North America a similarly traditional dish is split pea soup. In Chinese cuisine, pea sprouts (豆苗 "dòu miáo") are commonly used in stir-fries and its price is relatively high due to its agreeable taste. Some forms of etiquette require that peas be only eaten with a fork and not pushed onto the fork with a knife . Biennial plant A biennial plant is a flowering plant that takes two years to complete its lifecycle. In the first year the plant grows leaves, stems, and roots (vegetative structures); then it enters a period of dormancy over the colder months. Usually, the stem remains very short and the leaves are low to the ground, forming a rosette. Many biennials require a cold treatment, before they will flower. The next spring/summer the stem of the biennial plant becomes much longer. The plant then flowers, produces fruits and seeds before it finally dies. There are far fewer biennials than either perennials or annuals. Under extreme climatic conditions, a biennial plant may complete its lifecycle in a very short period of time (e.g. 3 or 4 months instead of 2 years). This is quite common in vegetable or flower seedlings that were exposed to cold conditions, before they were planted in the ground. This behaviour leads to many normally biennial plants being treated as annuals in some areas. Flowering can be induced in some biennials by application of the plant hormone "gibberellin", but this is rarely done commercially. From a gardener's perspective, a plant's status as annual, biennial, or perennial often varies based on location or purpose. Biennials grown for flowers, fruits, or seeds need to be grown for two years. Biennials that are grown for edible leaves or roots are grown as annuals, e.g. beets, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrots, celery, parsley, and Swiss chard. If a normally biennial plant is grown in extremely harsh conditions, it is likely to be treated as an annual because it will not survive the winter cold. Conversely, an annual grown under extremely favourable conditions may have highly successful seed propagation, giving it the appearance of being biennial or perennial. Some short-lived perennials may appear to be biennial rather than perennial. True biennials flower only once, while many perennials will flower every year once mature. Examples of biennial plants are parsley, "Lunaria", silverbeet, sweet William, colic weed, and carrot. The pansy is a biennial often grown as an annual. Plant breeders have produced annual cultivars of several biennials that will flower the first year from seed, e.g. foxglove, stock, and hollyhock. Biennials may be kept alive longer than two years under environmental conditions that prevent them from flowering. Biennial sugar beet was prevented from flowering by not giving it the cold treatment required for flowering. It was kept alive in a greenhouse for 41 months. The WB The Warner Bros. Television Network, commonly called The WB, was a television network in the United States. It was founded by the Warner Bros. film studio and Tribune Company on January 11, 1995. The network was sometimes called "The Frog" because the network's mascot was an animated frog named Michigan J. Frog. WB series. The WB created many well-known television series. Several of these series are "Dawson's Creek", "Buffy the Vampire Slayer", "Charmed", "Gilmore Girls", "Angel", "Smallville", "7th Heaven", and "Supernatural". The WB also had a group of programs aimed at children under the name Kids WB. Kids WB showed mainly animated series, for example, "Jackie Chan Adventures", "Taz-Mania", "Tiny Toon Adventures", "Animaniacs", "Pinky and the Brain" and "". Port Louis Port Louis is the capital city of the African country of Mauritius. The city is a port on the Indian Ocean. It is the largest city and main port of the country. Port Louis is located in the Port Louis District. The city has a population of 147,688 people. History. Port Louis was founded by the French around 1735. It was used as a place to supply food for their ships travelling around the Cape of Good Hope. The city was named in honour of King Louis XV. The first Governor was Count Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais. Monuments. Port Louis has many historic and colonial buildings. One of them is a fortification named Fort Adelaide or La Citadelle. It was built by the British in 1835. Most of the city's architecture can be seen from La Citadelle. Port Louis is surrounded by a mountain range, called the Port Louis Moka Range. Other famous spots are the Police Barracks known as Les Casernes and the Port Louis Waterfront. Other things to see in the city include the Caudan Waterfront, Port Louis Bazaar, the Mauritian Chinatown and the old Port Louis theatre. The capital has also three museums which are: the Mauritius Natural History Museum, the Blue Penny Museum and the Mauritius Stamp Museum. Economy. The main part of the economy of Port Louis is its port. The port handles all of the international trade for the country. Clothing and textiles are the major things manufactured in the city. Chemicals, plastics, and pharmaceuticals are made there, and tourism is also important. Port Louis is the second most important financial center in Africa after Johannesburg. It is the city with the highest per capita income in Africa. Demographics. The population of the city is now largely made up of the descendants of people who were hired for labor from India in the 19th century. Slaves were brought to the country by the British and French who colonized the island in the 18th century. After the end of slavery in 1835, many Indian and Chinese workers were brought to work the land, and take care of sugar cane, at that time used to make rum. More than 75 percent of the population are Indians. The rest come from Africa, while a small number have Chinese and Eurasian ancestry. Freetown Freetown is the capital city of the African country of Sierra Leone. With a population of 951,000 people, it is the largest city in that country. The city is a port on the Freetown Peninsula on the Atlantic coast. The port is a very important part of the economy of Freetown. It handles the main exports of the country. Industries include fish, rice, petroleum, and making cigarettes. History. The area was first settled in 1787 by 400 freed former slaves and Black American Loyalists sent from London. Many of these men had joined the British Army because the British promised to free them if they fought the American colonists. Before that time it was said to be a slave market. These people created the 'Province of Freetown' on land bought from local Temne leaders. After many of these original settlers died from disease, it was burnt by the local people in 1790. The Sierra Leone Company tried to settle the area again in 1792. They resettled Freetown with 1,100 former slaves and Loyalists from Nova Scotia. Many of these people were born in the colonial United States. They were led by former slave Thomas Peters. Around 500 free Jamaican Maroons joined them in 1800. The city survived being attacked by the French in 1794. In 1800 the people revolted but the British retook control. From 1808 to 1874, the city was the capital of British West Africa. The city grew quickly as many freed slaves came to live there. African soldiers who had fought for Britain in the Napoleonic Wars also came to live in Freetown. During World War II, Britain had a naval base at Freetown. Descendants of the freed slaves, called Creoles, have a large role in the city, even though they are only a small amount of the population. The city had much fighting in the late 1990s. In 1998, it was captured by ECOWAS soldiers who were trying to make Ahmad Tejan Kabbah the President again. Features. One of Freetown’s most most known features is its famous cotton tree. The cotton tree is said to have been in the same position since colonists came to the area in 1787. At that time, the tree was still a young sapling. It now stands outside the Freetown Museum. Notable buildings in the city include Freetown Law Courts, the Slave Gate and Portuguese Steps, St John's Maroon Church (built around 1820), St George's Cathedral (completed in 1828), Foulah Town Mosque (built in the 1830s) and the Roman Catholic Sacred Heart Cathedral. Also in Freetown are many beaches and markets, and the Sierra Leone Museum. The city is the home of Fourah Bay College and the Njala University college. Lungi International Airport is the international airport of Sierra Leone. Freetown also has a heliport on Aberdeen Island. It connects the city with the airport. There is a helicopter, hovercraft and ferry-service from the city to the airport. Michelle Obama Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (born January 17, 1964) is a former author and attorney who was the First Lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017 as the wife of the President Barack Obama. She was the first African American woman to serve as this role. Like many other first ladies, Michelle has worked as a spokesperson for a cause. The cause she supports is better nutrition and exercise for children. She has done work with the Disney Channel and Nickelodeon to support this cause. Life. Obama was born Michelle LaVaughn Robinson at Provident Hospital of Cook County in Chicago, Illinois on January 17, 1964. She went to Princeton University and Harvard Law School. She and Barack Obama were married on October 3, 1992, and they have two children, Malia (born July 4, 1998) and Sasha (born June 10, 2001). For a long time, she lived in Chicago with her family. Then, her husband became a junior Senator for the State of Illinois. After that, he ran for president of the USA and won. Michelle became the First Lady of the United States and lived in the White House with her husband and two children. Her husband was elected on November 6, 2012, to a second term as president, so she served as First Lady until January 20, 2017. On September 17, 2014, Obama visited St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. Kids there asked her questions. She said when she was asked who in her family that she liked to prank the most that her husband was the person, also saying they love to scare each other. Their daughters also try to scare them, but are not good, as their mother claimed. She also said the Truman Balcony is her favorite part of the White House. When asked about what she liked most about being First Lady of the United States, she answered that she enjoyed meeting the Pope and also spoke of being around Beyoncé and her fans at one of her concerts. She showed how excited she was by saying "Oh, my stars!" In June 2018, she spoke to the American Library Association saying of her time in the White House as having had "no time for mistake". Family. Michelle Obama's brother, Craig Robinson, is the head coach of the Oregon State University men's basketball team. Her father, Fraser Robinson, was a pump operator for the Chicago Water Department. Her mother Marion Robinson stayed home to raise her and her brother Craig. Her children are Sasha and Malia Ann Obama. Career. Michelle Obama became a lawyer after graduating from law school. While working at the law firm Sidley Austin, she met her future husband. In 1991, she left the company to work in the mayor's office as an Assistant to the Mayor, then she pursued various jobs outside the city including executive director, associate dean and executive vice president. After her husband’s inauguration, she focused on lifestyle and fitness, and she launched the Let’s Move campaign to eliminate childhood obesity. Her approval rating was 71% in March of 2010. (Gale Biography in context) Books. These books were written or ghostwritten and published by Michelle Obama while she was First Lady and afterwards: Fame (musical) Fame – The Musical is a musical. Jose Fernandez wrote the book. Jacques Levy wrote the lyrics. Steve Margoshes wrote the music. The musical is based on "Fame", a 1980 movie. The musical premiered in 1980 in Miami, Florida. It opened on the West End in 1995. It played Off-Broadway between 2003 and 2004. The story tells of students in a high school for the performing arts. Prime Minister of Japan The is the head of the government of Japan as well as the director and chief of the executive branch of the central government. The prime minister appoints the cabinet and wields the power to dismiss any cabinet minister. The current prime minister is Fumio Kishida since 4 October 2021. Emperor Suizei was the 2nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Historians consider Emperor Suizei to be a legendary person, and the name Suizei"-tennō" was created for him after his death by later generations. No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign. The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty. The "Gukanshō" records that Suizei ruled from the palace of "Takaoka-no-miya" at Katsuragi in what will come to be known as Yamato province. Traditional history. Suizei is almost certainly a legend. The "Kojiki" records only his name and genealogy. The "Nihonshoki" includes Suizei as the earliest or first of . The "Gukanshō" records that Suizei was one of the sons of Emperor Jimmu. During reign of Emperor Suizei, the capital of Japan was at Kazuraki, Yamato. Events of Suizei's life. The Kojiki includes a story about how Suizei attained the throne. His older brother supported Suizei because of his courage. The absence of information about Suizei does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei (509?-571). After his death. This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Suizei. The actual site of his grave is not known. According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ("misasagi") at Nara. Emperor Annei was the 3rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Historians consider Emperor Annei to be a legendary person, and the name Annei"-tennō" was created for him posthumously by later generations. No firm dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign. The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty. The "Gukanshō" records that he ruled from the palace of "Ukena-no-miya" at Katashiro in Kawachi in what will come to be known as Yamato province. Traditional history. Annei is almost certainly a legend. The "Kojiki" records only his name and genealogy. The "Nihonshoki" includes Annei as the second of . The "Gukanshō" records that Annei was either the eldest son or the only son of Emperor Suizei. During reign of Emperor Annei, the capital of Japan was at Katashiha, Kawachi. Events of Annei's life. The absence of information about Annei does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei (509?-571). The spirit ("kami") of Emperor Annei and the events of his life are enshrined at "Annei-tennō-sha" at Shirakashi in Yamato province. After his death. This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Annei. The actual site of his grave is not known. According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ("misasagi") at Nara. Emperor Itoku was the 4th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Historians consider Emperor Itoku to be a legendary person, and the name Itoku"-tennō" was created for him posthumously by later generations. No certain dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign. The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty. The "Gukanshō" records that he ruled from the palace of "Migario-no-miya" at Karu in what will come to be known as Yamato province. Traditional history. Itoku is almost certainly a legend. The "Kojiki" records only his name and genealogy. The "Nihonshoki" includes Itoku as the third of . The "Gukanshō" records that Itoku was the second or third son of Emperor Annei, but the surviving documents provide no basis for making guesses about why the elder brother or brothers were passed over. During reign of Emperor Itoku, the capital of Japan was at Karu, Yamato. Events of Itoku's life. The absence of information about Itoku does not imply that no such person ever existed. Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch, Emperor Kimmei (509?-571). After his death. This emperor's official name after his death (his posthumous name) was regularized many centuries after the lifetime which was ascribed to Itoku. The actual site of his grave is not known. According to the Imperial Household Agency, this emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ("misasagi") at Nara. Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria The Coptic Orthodox Church (; ) or Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria is the name for the largest Christian church in Egypt. The Coptic Orthodox Church is an Oriental Orthodox Christian church. Its churches can be found worldwide, where it serves Coptic believers who have emigrated to other countries. On the 18th November 2012, the Coptic Orthodox Church enthroned His Holiness Pope Tawadros II as the 118th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark. His Holiness is the successor to H.H. Pope Shenouda III who died in March 2012 after over forty years as the shepherd of all Copts. The Church belongs to the Oriental Orthodox family of churches. It has been a separate church body since the disagreement at the Council of Chalcedon in 451 AD. The Church rejected the new definitions about what Christ is like, introduced at the Council. The Church has daughter churches in Ethiopia and Eritrea, which now elect their own Popes. The Copts believe that their church was founded in Egypt by Saint Mark the Evangelist. According to official Egyptian sources, and the CIA World factbook, between five an ten percent of Egyptians are Christians. Over 90% of these are Copts. According to Coptic sources, 12 to 15% of Egyptians are Copts. Pretoria Pretoria is one of the three capital cities of the African country of South Africa. It is the executive (administrative) and de facto capital of the country. The other two capitals are Cape Town (legislative) and Bloemfontein (judicial). The city is in the northern part of Gauteng Province, South Africa. Geography and climate. Pretoria is between the Highveld and the Bushveld, about 50 km north of Johannesburg in the north-east of South Africa. It is in a warm, well sheltered valley. The valley is surrounded by the hills of the Magaliesberg mountain range. Pretoria has a humid subtropical climate (Cwa in the Köppen climate classification). Snow is a very rare event. It only snows in Pretoria once or twice in a century. Demographics. The city has a population of about 1.9 million people. The main languages spoken in Pretoria include Tswana, Ndebele, Afrikaans, and English. History. Nguni-speaking settlers were probably the first people to live in the river valley that later became the location of the city of Pretoria. Pretoria was founded in 1855 by Marthinus Wessel Pretorius. He was a leader of the Voortrekkers. Pretoruis named the city after his father Andries Pretorius. Andries Pretorius had become a hero of the Voortrekkers after the Battle of Blood River. The city became the capital of the South African Republic (ZAR) on May 1, 1860. During the First Boer War, the city was attacked in December 1880 and March 1881. The peace treaty which ended the war was signed in Pretoria on August 3, 1881 at the Pretoria Convention. The Second Boer War (1899 to 1902) caused the end of the South African Republic. After this war, the United Kingdom took control of South Africa. During the war, Winston Churchill was imprisoned in the Staats Model School in Pretoria. He later got free and went to Mozambique. The city surrendered to British forces on June 5, 1900. The war ended in Pretoria with the signing of the Peace of Vereeniging on May 31 1902. In 1910, Pretoria then became the administrative capital of all of South Africa, with Cape Town the legislative capital. Between 1860 and 1994, the city was also the capital of the province of Transvaal. On 14 October 1931, Pretoria got official city status. When South Africa became a republic in 1961, Pretoria stayed its administrative capital. Pretoria was at one time seen as "the capital of Apartheid South Africa". This was changed when Nelson Mandela became the country's first black President. Economy. Pretoria is an important industrial centre. It has many industries including iron and steel as well as automobile, railroad and machinery manufacture. Reza Alinejad Reza Alinejad (رضا علی نژاد, born September 21, 1985) is an Iranian at risk of execution for accidentally killing a man in self-defense when he was 17 years old. He is subject of several human rights campaigns, who protesting against his sentence, because of evidence that his act was a self-defense and he was under age if 18 - his death sentence is a violation of international law, Tehran had signed. Recently, his case was transferred to Tehran for Head of Judiciary Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi review. Bigotry A bigot is a person who is intolerant of opinions, lifestyles, or identities that are different from their own. Mostly, the person's opinions are based on prejudice. The origin of the word "bigot" in English dates back to at least 1598, via French. It started with the sense of "religious hypocrite", especially a woman. The word "bigot" is often used as a pejorative term against a person who is obstinately devoted to negative prejudices, even when those prejudices are proven to be false. Forms of bigotry may have a related ideology. Etymology. The exact origin of the word is unknown, but may have come from the German "bei" and "gott", or the English "by God". William Camden wrote that the Normans were first called bigots, when their Duke Rollo, who receiving Gisla, daughter of King Charles, in marriage, and with her the investiture of the dukedom, refused to kiss the king's foot in token of subjection, unless the king would hold it out for that purpose. And being urged to it by those present, Rollo answered hastily, "No by God", whereupon the king turning about, called him "bigot"; which name passed from him to his people. This is likely fictional, however, as Gisla is unknown in Frankish sources. Bukkake Bukkake is when multiple people ejaculate with their penises on a person's face or body at the same time. It comes from the Japanese verb "bukkakeru" which means "to flood". Melleruds IF Melleruds IF is an association football club in Mellerud in Sweden, established on 29 July 1908. They are in the Swedish 2nd Division: Västra Götaland. They have had some players who have moved into England, most notably Wigan Athletic F.C. player Andreas Johansson. Johansson played for Melleruds between 1993 and 1995. Lisa Lampanelli Lisa Lampanelli (born Lisa Lampugnale, July 19, 1961) is an American comedian. Detroit Tigers The Detroit Tigers are a Major League Baseball team in Detroit, Michigan. The team plays at Comerica Park. Their manager is Ron Gardenhire, and they are owned by Christopher Ilitch. The Tigers began as a minor league baseball team in the 1890s. The league was reorganized as the American League, and became a major league in 1901. The Tigers were one of the first teams to have an "official" nickname. They obtained permission from a military group called the Detroit Light Guard, which was known as the "Tigers". That group had fought in the Civil War and the Spanish-American War. The Tigers have often lived up to their nickname, having great success from time to time. Their most famous player was Ty Cobb, usually regarded as among the very greatest players of all time. The Tigers have frequently played in baseball's post-season games. They have won several World Series, in 1935, 1945, 1968 and 1984. They also played in the World Series in 2006 and 2012, where they lost to the St. Louis Cardinals and the San Francisco Giants, respectively. Oscilloscope An oscilloscope (sometimes abbreviated CRO, for cathode ray oscilloscope, or commonly just scope or O-scope) is a piece of electronic equipment that lets you see changes in signal voltage. For example, if you want to see the signal a small electronic timer was producing, you could connect it to an oscilloscope and see. Usually, it shows a two-dimensional graph of one or more electrical potential differences (vertical axis). These graphs are plotted with time or of some other voltage along horizontal axis. Description. A typical oscilloscope is usually box shaped with a display screen, numerous input connectors, control knobs and buttons on the front panel. To aid measurement, a grid called the "graticule" is drawn on the face of the screen. Each square in the graticule is known as a "division". Girl Scout cookie Girl Scout cookies are cookies that the Girl Scouts of the USA sell. They come in many different flavors. Buying Girl Scout Cookies helps the Girl Scouts out because it gives them money as well as helps teach them important lessons in life. Nancy Drew Nancy Drew is a fictional character. She is the main character in a series of chapter books called "Nancy Drew Mystery Stories". Her books were written in the 1930s by Edward Stratemeyer, founder of the Stratemeyer Syndicate. The first writings in The Nancy Drew Mystery Stories were written by Mildred A. Wirt Benson, and changed by Harriet Adams, Edward's daughter. Nancy Drew's birth year is 1914 and she is 18 years old in the books. Nancy Drew lives in the fictional River Heights with her father, Carson Drew. Their housekeeper, Hannah Gruen, has acted like a mother to Nancy, ever since Nancy's mother died when she was three years old. Nancy has a few close friends that appear in the book series and some of them in the computer games. When the book series first begins, Nancy's best friend is Helen Corning, who is a few years older than Nancy. A few books later, some new friends are introduced. Nancy's two best friends in the later books are Bess Marvin and George Fayne, the latter two being cousins. Ned Nickerson, Nancy's boyfriend, first appears in the book, "The Clue in the Diary." Bess, George, and Ned all appear in the computer games and Helen Corning is never mentioned. The Book Series. The books were originally written in the 1930s. Through the years, the books have been changed slightly. There are currently 54 books documenting the teen's fictional mysteries. Nancy Drew Games. These are the Nancy Drew Games that were made by Her Interactive. The games are rated "E" (Everyone) by the ESRB. Film and Television Versions. There have been various film and television versions made about "Nancy Drew". Arthur Abraham Arthur Abraham (born Avetik Abrahamyan on 20 February 1980 in Yerevan, Armenia) is a professional boxer. He was the IBF middleweight champion from 2005 to 2009. He won the vacant title on December 10, 2005, in Leipzig, Germany, beating Kingsley Ikeke, by a fifth-round knockout. Arthur changed his weight class to compete at super middleweight. Abraham trains under Ulli Wegner in Berlin, Germany and is managed by Wilfried Sauerland. Titles in boxing. Amateur career. "International:" Professional career. "Major World Titles:" "Regional/International Titles:" International Boxing Federation The International Boxing Federation, or "IBF", is one of many organizations which sanction world championship boxing bouts, alongside the WBA, WBC, WBO, and a dozen or so others. Vic Darchinyan Vic Darchinyan (, born January 7, 1976, in Vanadzor, Armenia) is the former IBF flyweight champion. He is a left-handed boxer who currently trains under Billy Hussein, brother of boxers Nedal and Hussein Hussein. He was previously trained by former three-division world champion Jeff Fenech in Sydney, Australia. Atenism Atenism was one of the earliest monotheistic religions. It was the worship of the light emanating from the sun god (or rather sun disk), Aten. It was started by the 18 dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep IV, better known as Akhenaten. It lasted 20 years, until Akhenaten's death. Tutankhamun, Akhenaten's son, restored the traditional Egyptian religion. Today modern day groups have attempted to revive Atenism as a worldwide religion, most notably Akhetaten Fellowship. Religion in ancient Armenia The early religions in Armenia are not that well known. According to De Morgan there are signs which indicate that the Armenians, as their other Aryan relatives, were initially nature worshipers and that this faith in time was transformed to the worship of national gods, of which many were the equivalents of the gods in the Roman, Greek and Persian cultures. Georg Brandes described the Armenian gods in his book: “When Armenia accepted Christianity, it was not only the temples which were destroyed, but also the songs and poems about the old gods and heroes that the people sang. We have only rare segments of these songs and poems, segments which bear witness of a great spiritual wealth and the power of creation of this people and these alone are sufficient reason enough for recreating the temples of the old Armenian gods. These gods were neither the Asian heavenly demons nor the precious and the delicate Greek gods, but something that reflected the characteristics of the Armenian people which they have been polishing through the ages, namely ambitious, wise and good-hearted.” Steak Steak is a slice off a larger piece of meat, usually beef. In North America, steaks are usually grilled. They are also often pan fried or baked. The most tender (softest) cuts of the animal are usually used for steak. This also means that steaks have a high price. The pieces of meat used for steaks are usually cut across the muscle fiber, not along it. This makes them look more tender. A restaurant that mainly makes steaks is known as a steakhouse. A well-known side dish to steak is prawns or a cooked lobster tail. This combination is often called "surf and turf" or "reef and beef" (the words "surf" and "reef" refer to the seafood and "turf" and "beef" refer to the steak). Special steak knives are used to cut steak. A steak knife is sharper than most table knives and is usually serrated. Fish is not the only side dish for steak. Other common side dishes are baked potatoes, dinner rolls, salad, and corn on the cob. In France, steaks are often served with french fries. This combination is known as "steak fries" or "steak-frites". They do not come with vegetables, but sometimes a salad is served with them. Seasoning. Steaks are seasoned with salt and black pepper. Some additional seasonings are garlic, rosemary, and other herbs and spices. Marinades are also an option depending on the cut. Butter can also be used for basting steaks for a milky flavor. Often, steaks are served with a special sauce called "steak sauce", but sometimes steaks are served with a spicy sauce called horseradish. Cuts of steak. Steak comes in a wide variety of cuts, which come from different parts of the cow. Some different cuts are: Degrees of cooking. Meat that is cooked less will appear to be more tender and soft. The usual degrees of cooking for steaks (and some other meats) are: Jet engine A jet engine is any engine that creates force by releasing a high speed jet of a liquid or a gas. An example of a jet engine is a full balloon that is not held closed. It will release the air and push the balloon forward. Turbojet engines are used on airplanes. Turbojet engines have a gas compressor, a kind of fan, at the front that takes in air. The engine burns fuel to make the air expand, and it blows a big wind out the back. On the way out, the hot air turns another fan (a gas turbine) which turns the rod that turns the fan at the front to make it go. Another kind of a jet engine is a rocket engine. Ramjet and pulse jet engines are rarer kinds of jet engine. Dawn Fraser Dawn Fraser (born 4 September 1937) is an Australian champion swimmer. She is one of only two swimmers to win the same Olympic event three different times. She was born in Balmain, New South Wales. Politics. In 1988, Fraser was elected to the parliament of New South Wales. She served until 1991. NBC News NBC News is the news division of American television network NBC. NBC News makes MSNBC channel, Today Show and news programmes. CBS News CBS News is the news division of American television network CBS. Masters Tournament The Masters Tournament is one of four major championships in men's professional golf and the first of the four to be played each year. The final round of the Masters is always scheduled for the second Sunday in April. Unlike the other major championships, the Masters is held every year at the same location, Augusta National Golf Club, a private golf club in the city of Augusta, Georgia, USA. NFL Europa The NFL Europa was a European American football league that ran from 1991 to 2007 under the control of the National Football League. It started off as the World League of American Football and had 3 teams in Europe, 6 in the USA and one in Canada. After 2 years the league was put on hold, so there were no 1993 or 1994 seasons. The league came back in 1995 with the 3 original European teams plus 3 new ones. In 1998 the name of the league was changed to NFL Europe and then in 2007 it became NFL Europa. After the 2007 season it was decided to stop the league. This was a developmental league of the NFL. The were the leagues best team, winning 42 games and 3 World Bowls Ennead The Ennead was the grouping of nine deities, most often appearing in Egyptian mythology. As a three of threes, the number nine became associated with great power. The ancient peoples thought that groupings of nine gods were very important. Heliopolis (ancient) Heliopolis was one of the oldest cities of Egypt. Its name also refers (in European languages) to a modern suburb of Cairo. The ancient city stood five miles east of the Nile north of the apex of the river delta. The modern city of Heliopolis is in a different place. In ancient times it was the main city of sun-worship. This was also where the Heliopolitan version of Egyptian mythology was created. Akhenaten Akhenaten (first known as Amenhotep IV) was a pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt. His reign is dated as 1353–1336 BC or 1351–1334 BC. Akhenaten is one of Egypt's most well-known pharaohs. In the fifth year of his reign, he changed his name from Amenhotep IV, meaning "Amun is satisfied". He did this because he left Egypt's traditional polytheism. He founded a monotheistic worship of the Egyptian sun god, Aten. He destroyed the temples of Amun. His new religion was called Atenism. It was the first known attempt at monotheism in the world. Naturally, this made enemies of the many priests of the old religion. This culture shift away from traditional religion was not widely accepted. This helps to explain why after his death, his monuments were dismantled, his statues were destroyed, and his name excluded from lists of rulers compiled by later pharaohs. Traditional religious practice was gradually restored, notably under his close successor Tutankhamun, who changed his name from Tutankhaten early in his reign. However, it was Horemheb who destroyed all the works of Akhenaten. Akhenaten was all but lost to history until the late 19th century discovery of Amarna, the new capital city he built for the worship of Aten. Its rediscovery and Flinders Petrie's early excavations sparked great public interest in the pharaoh and his queen Nefertiti. The interest comes from his connection with Tutankhamun, the unique style and high quality of the pictorial arts he patronized, and interest in the religion he attempted to establish. Bartonella rochalimae Bartonella rochalimae is a recently discovered strain of gram-negative bacteria. It is a member of the "Bartonella" genus. The bacteria was found by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco. Scientists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also helped with the discovery. The bacterium was first found in a 43-year-old American woman. She was in Peru when she became very sick. She had a high fever, anemia and insomnia. The illness was thought to be "Bartonella bacilliformis", a similar bacteria that causes Oroya fever. The scientists later discovered that a new species of bacteria had caused the illness. They gave the patient some antibiotics. Her condition later improved. The findings were published in the "New England Journal of Medicine" on June 7, 2007. Tipi A tipi (also called tepee or teepee) is a kind of tent. It is cone-shaped. They were made by Native Americans of the Great Plains who frequently moved from place to place, following buffalo or other animals Native Americans hunted. Tipis are made from long poles, and are covered with material. Long ago the material was animal skin or tree bark. Today, they are made from cloth. Tepees were put up in as a circle, which symbolized the life. Tepees are no longer usually used for a full-time home, but they are still used for special occasions. Tepees were used by the Lakota. The Plains Indians would sometimes paint and mark their tepees, and put signs to mark off evil. They usually made the cover from buffalo skin (tanned hide). Teepees had a flap that could be open and closed as necessary during the summer and winter months They generally had an 'ears' flap. The doorway would face towards the rising sun. Tipis would contain paintings. Karen Carpenter Karen Carpenter (March 2, 1950 – February 4, 1983) was an American singer and drummer who was most popular in the 70s. She is known as the singer of the group the Carpenters. Karen had anorexia nervosa, an eating disorder of extreme weight loss dieting. This was a little-known illness at the time. Although she had begun recovery with a doctor-supervised program and regained 30 lbs (14 kg), permanent damage to her body had been sustained from the years of extreme weight-loss dieting and she died at the age of 32. The cause of her death was heart failure, from complications related to her illness which caused her to believe mistakenly that she needed to lose weight. Early life. Karen Carpenter was born at Yale New Haven Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut on March 2, 1950 to Agnes Reuwer Tatum and Harold Bertram Carpenter. She played baseball a lot, and said that she liked being the pitcher. She had a brother, named Richard Carpenter. While Karen played baseball with her friends, Richard usually played the piano. Her parents, Agnes and Harold Carpenter, decided that they wanted to move to Downey, California, a city near Hollywood. They moved in 1963. In Downey, Karen attended Downey High School. She was a good student, but did not like gym. In order to get out of gym, she asked to be in the marching band instead. When she got into the marching band, the director gave her the glockenspiel, an instrument that sounds somewhat like a xylophone. Karen did not like the glockenspiel and asked her band director if she could play the drums instead. Seeing Karen's natural talent for rhythm, the director approved. From then on, she practiced drumming on pots and pans before her parents finally bought her a drum set. Her brother formed the Richard Carpenter Trio in 1965. Karen played the drums. Richard played the piano, and a friend named Wes Jacobs played the electric bass. They played jazz music at clubs in Hollywood. They entered the Battle of the Bands contest at the Hollywood Bowl in 1966. The Richard Carpenter Trio played "The Girl From Ipanema" and "Iced Tea," a song composed by Richard Carpenter. They won the Battle of the Bands that year. Afterwards, they signed with RCA Records, but the RCA thought their music would not sell, so RCA let them go. The Richard Carpenter Trio made one last TV appearance on "Your All American College Show" in 1968, where they played "Dancing in the Street." Karen had a great drum solo. They won the "Your All American College Show" contest, too. In 1967, Richard and Karen formed another group called Spectrum. Spectrum focused on making big harmonies, and the public did not like their music. Both the Richard Carpenter Trio and Spectrum disbanded in 1968. Career. After five years of going nowhere, Richard and Karen Carpenter wanted to sign with a record label, but were constantly rejected. Joe Osborn, a bass player, had recording studio and let Richard and Karen record demo tapes. They sent in those demo tapes to a man named Herb Alpert. Herb Alpert appreciated Richard and Karen's music, and agreed to sign the two to his record label, A&M Records. In April 1969, Richard and Karen Carpenter signed to A&M Records as "Carpenters." They released their first album that year as well. It was called "Offering." It did not have any popular songs on there, except for a song called "Ticket to Ride." When they released it as a single, the public's reaction was somewhat less than great. Too many people were accustomed to the Beatles' version. The next year, Herb Alpert recommended a song called "(They Long to Be) Close to You." After being given the music, Richard Carpenter worked on arranging it to invent their own sound. This song was their first major hit. It went to #1 on the Billboard Hot 100. Later that year, the Carpenters recorded another song, called "We've Only Just Begun." It was originally for a commercial for a bank called "Crocker Bank", but Richard saw potential in it. He again began working on the arrangement and the song was released. Ultimately, "We've Only Just Begun" released it as a single, went to #2 on the Billboard Hot 100. Throughout their career, Karen and Richard continued to be successful and release great singles. All of them placed in the top 20 until 1977. In 1977, both singles released only peaked at #32 and #35. Their last top 20 released in 1981 "Touch Me When We're Dancing" peaked at #16. This was seen as a successful "come back" for the Carpenters however Karen would pass away just two years later. Karen also recorded her first and only solo album entitled "Karen Carpenter" in 1979-1980 while her brother Richard took time off to recover from an addiction to prescription sleeping pills. The album was not released during Karen's lifetime and would remain the A&M vaults until 1996 when Richard Carpenter finally felt the time was right to release it. Karen dedicated her solo to her brother "Dedicated to my brother Richard... With all my heart..." Karen's fans have had a mixed reaction to her solo album but the majority believe the album was strong enough to be released at the time that it was recorded and would have had few strong hits for the singer. However Karen choose to shelve the album after it was negatively received by the powers that be at A&M Records and her brother. Anorexia Nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder. It is a physiological disorder that is characterized by undereating, due to an inaccurate body image. Victims of this disorder are typically perfectionists that have trouble showing their emotions. Karen Carpenter's eating disorder started in 1967, when the group "Spectrum" was still playing. Because she was moderately overweight, her doctor advised her to lose weight. Her doctor then suggested a diet called the "Stillman Diet." She drank 8 cups of water everyday and avoided high calorie foods. Karen lost about 25 pounds from the Stillman Diet. After she became successful, she decided that she needed to lose more weight. In 1975, she lost so much weight that she became ill. At one time, she was only 80 pounds and 5'4" tall (five feet, four inches). A woman her height should be between 124 and 138 pounds. Becoming aware of her illness, she decided to gain weight. In 1982, she was the healthiest she'd been, but her heart failed. It's been proven that she had been abusing laxatives and thyroid pills. She may have also abused syrup of ipecac to induce vomiting, but that has not been proven. On February 4, 1983, Karen Carpenter died at the age of 32 from heart failure. Records. With the Carpenters, Karen Carpenter had a lot of records. Here is a list of them. The "italicized" words are the names of the records, and the things in the (parentheses) are the years that the records were released. Luke the Evangelist Luke the Evangelist is said to be the man who wrote the Gospel of Luke and Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. Irenaeus, Eusebius of Caesarea and Jerome say that he was a friend of Saint Paul and a doctor, and that he accompanied Paul on some of his travels. These people also say that he was of Greek origin, from Antioch in Syria. Modern-day scholars think that the person that wrote the two books was not the same that accompanied Paul. Paul had a theology that was special, and slightly different from that of other writers of the New Testament. The two books written by Luke never refer to this theology. Also, the name of Paul's companion is never linked to writing the two books. The Acts of the Apostles often tell things about Paul which Paul does not tell himself in his letters. Luke wrote about the Three Wise Men who visited Jesus in the Bible. Luke never said there were 3 wise men, only wise men from the east. Walid Eido Walid Eido (in Arabic: وليد عيدو) (Beirut, 1942 - Beirut, June 13, 2007) was a Lebanese man who worked for the Lebanese Parliament, a government building in Beirut. He died with his son on June 13, 2007, with eight other people, when a bomb blew up just outside a famous amusement park. This was at the waterside of north Beirut. His early life. Walid Eido was Sunni Muslim. He was born in the Bachoura area of Beirut. He finished his studies at the Lebanese University in 1966. In the late 1990s, he worked for the Lebanese law of north Lebanon, but, in the year 2000, he quit to go into political life with Mr. Rafic Hariri and to be in the Lebanese parliament. Later on, he worked for the Lebanese Parliament. He used to belong to Al-Murabitun militant group at the time of the Lebanese civil war, he left the Murabitun when this group starts to expand and take bad members in. Personal life. Eido was married with three sons named Khaled, Zaher and Mazen. Eido was a good swimmer and the bomb exploded outside his favorite Beirut beach resort, Sporting Club. Toyama Prefecture is a prefecture in the Chūbu region of Japan on the island of Honshū. The capital is Toyama. History. The area of Toyama Prefecture comes from Etchū Province. The Itai-itai disease, whose origin is from polluted water with cadmium, occurred in Toyama around 1950. Geography. Toyama Prefecture is bordered by Ishikawa Prefecture to the west, Niigata Prefecture to the northeast, Nagano Prefecture to the southeast, Gifu Prefecture to the south and the Sea of Japan to the north. The most famous mountain in Toyama is Mount Tate. Toyama is known for its great mountains and rich fishery. , and mass product of tulip industry are also famous. Toyama is an industrial prefecture because companies like YKK and Sankyo Aluminum have been able to take advantage of cheap hydro-electricity generated by rivers flowing from its high mountains. National Parks. National Parks are established in about 30% of the total land area of the prefecture, including Shrines and Temples. "Takase taisha", "Keta jinja", and "Oyama jinja" are the chief Shinto shrines ("ichinomiya") in the prefecture. Fouad Siniora Fouad Siniora (in Arabic: فؤاد السنيورة, Fu'ād As-Sanyūrah) was the Prime Minister of Lebanon. He served as Prime Minister since July 19, 2005, after Najib Mikati left office. His term ended on November 9, 2009. He was succeed by Saad Hariri. He was also acting President from November 2007 to May 2008. His early life. Fouad Siniora is a Sunni Muslim, who was born in Sidon in 1943. He finished his studies at the American University of Beirut. Then, he worked for Citibank, and in the 1970s, he became a teacher at the American University of Beirut. Later, he worked for the Central Bank. In 1982, he started to work for the late Prime Minister, Rafik Hariri. He became part of Hariri's business. Siniora was Minister of Finance in Lebanon after the civil war ended. Hassan Nasrallah Hassan Nasrallah (in ; born 30 August 1960) is the leader of the Islamist party in Lebanon called Hezbollah. He is also a Shi'a Muslim cleric. Some countries, like the United States and Britain, consider him to be a terrorist due to his attacks on Israel. His early life. Hassan Nasrallah was born in Bourj Hammoud, east Beirut. He was among ten children in his family. He went to Al Najah school, and then a public school in Sin el-Fil, Beirut. The civil war in 1975 caused his family to move to their old home in Bassouriyeh. There, he finished his secondary education at the public school in Tyre. He then joined the Amal Movement, a militant group that represents the Shi'a Muslims in Lebanon. Sidon Sidon, or Saida (, Saydā; , , Zaydo'wn), is the third biggest city in Lebanon. It is in the southern part of Lebanon at the waterside of the Mediterranean Sea. The name "Sidon" means a fishery. History. Sidon was one of the most important cities of Phoenicia. From here, a great trading empire of the Mediterranean area was made. It was known for people who were good in making glass and purple cloth dyes. Glass making was a very important business in Sidon during in Phoenician times. People also made purple cloth dye. Chisel A chisel is a sharp and straight tool often used with a hammer to shape wood or other surfaces. Chisels are used by artists to make statues and figures out of stone, marble, or wood. Construction workers use chisels to change the shape of wood and stone so that they can build with them. Sometimes chisels are used to break things so that they can be moved more easily. Parallel Parallel could mean: In music: Other: Oak Park, Illinois Oak Park, Illinois is a suburb of Chicago. It is west of the city in the same county. About 52,000 people live there. Ernest Hemingway was born there. Betty White was born there too. Frank Lloyd Wright lived and worked there for a while. Some of his most famous houses and buildings were built there. Ring Lardner Ringgold Wilmer Lardner (March 6, 1885 – September 25, 1933) was an American sports columnist and short story writer best known for his satirical takes on the sports world, marriage, and the theatre. Lardner was born in Niles, Michigan. He died of tuberculosis in East Hampton, New York. His son Ring Lardner Jr was a screenwriter who was banned from Hollywood in the 1950s for his Communist beliefs. He later won an Academy Award for writing the film MASH. Björk Björk was born Björk Guðmundsdóttir on 21 November 1965 in Reykjavík, Iceland. She is an Icelandic singer, songwriter, composer, actress, record producer and DJ. Her career started with singing Tina Charles' 1976 hit song "I Love to Love" in a school recital, and a recording of her singing the song was sent to the RÚV radio station. The recording was nationally broadcast, after that, Björk was offered a recording contract. Her self-titled début album, "Björk", was recorded and released in Iceland in December 1977. Before embarking on a solo career in 1993, Björk was the lead singer of alternative rock band The Sugarcubes, which is called as "Iceland's biggest rock band". Since then, she has received consistent critical praise for her innovative vocal and compositional approaches, musical experimentation, and art direction, and is recognized as one of the best singer-songwriters of her generation. Her albums reached the top 20 in the "Billboard 200" chart. Björk has won five BRIT Awards, four MTV Video Music Awards, one MOJO Award, three UK Music Video Awards, 21 Icelandic Music Awards and, in 2010, the Polar Music Prize from the Royal Swedish Academy of Music in recognition of her "deeply personal music and lyrics, her precise arrangements and her unique voice". She has also been nominated for 14 Grammy Awards, one Academy Award, and two Golden Globe Awards. She was included in Time Magazine's list of the 100 most influential people in the world. She won the Best Actress Award at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival for her performance in the movie "Dancer in the Dark". She has a son and a daughter, Sindri and Isadòra. She lives in New York City, but also owns a home in Reykjavík. Björk was in the 2013 television documentary "When Björk Met Attenborough" with Sir David Attenborough. List of years This page indexes the individual years pages. Volumetric flask A volumetric flask (vol flask for short) is a type of laboratory glassware. It is used to hold and measure accurate amounts of liquid. It is shaped like a Florence flask, but has a flatter bottom. A volumetric flask has a tall, narrow neck with a stopper that can be used to close the opening at the top. There is a line on the neck to show how much to fill the flask. Volumetric flasks are made in many sizes, from a few milliliters to liters. They are often used to make liquid solutions. The neck is narrow to make measurements more exact when making a solution. Florence flask A Florence flask (also known as a boiling flask) is a type of flask. It is a piece of laboratory glassware. It can hold chemical solutions. The flask has a round body with a long neck. The flask usually come in volumes of 1 liter. Motion Picture Association The Motion Picture Association (MPA), originally called the Motion Picture Association of America, is a non-profit group based in the United States. Its members are the "big six" major Hollywood studios: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures (The Walt Disney Company), Sony Pictures (Sony), Paramount Pictures (Viacom -- which bought DreamWorks in February 2006), Universal Studios (Comcast), and Warner Bros. (WarnerMedia). It also represents Netflix streaming platform movies. The organization produces the well-known voluntary film rating system. On January 22, 2019, Netflix became the first streaming service to become a member of the MPA. Long Beach, California Long Beach is a city in southern Los Angeles County, California, USA, on the Pacific coast. It borders Orange County on its southeast edge. It is about 20 miles (30 km) south of downtown Los Angeles. It is a part of the Greater Los Angeles Area. São Carlos São Carlos is a Brazilian city in the state of São Paulo. In 2017, it had 246,088 people living in it. It is about 230 km (143 miles) away from the city of São Paulo and has an area of 1,137 km² (441 mi²). 51st state 51st state refers to a place or territory that is not one of the 50 states of the United States, but people think about making it the 51st state. It is sometimes a joke term in American politics, and sometimes a realistic one. It is usually said about the possibility of Puerto Rico or other U.S. territories becoming part of the United States. When used to refer to other countries, it is a joke, usually about Canada. There have been attempts by people in the United States to get Canada to join them (like in the Articles of Confederation), but Canada has never accepted these offers. It is also sometimes used to refer to countries that seem to be controlled by the United States. Before the year 1959 when Alaska and Hawaii became states, the sentence "the 49th state" was used. Places in the United States that are not states right now, but might become the 51st state include the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the US Virgin Islands, American Samoa, or the Northern Mariana Islands. Besides admitting a new state, another type of proposal has been to form a 51st (or even 52nd) state by dividing a current state, such as the most-populous state (and third-largest state, geographically) of California into two or even three states, or Texas (the second-most populous) into four or five states. Some regions of the U.S. that include land that is now in two different states and might become a new state include the "State of Jefferson" (Northmost California plus the southern counties of Oregon) and the "State of Lincoln" (Eastmost Washington State plus the northern panhandle of Idaho. A move has also been proposed to separate the westmost one-fourth of Nebraska from that state, but to add that to Wyoming (the least-populous state), rather than to create an entirely new state. This region is actually much closer to Cheyenne, Wyoming, the capital city, than it is to its current capital of Lincoln, Nebraska. In 2012 and more recently in 2017, the people of Puerto Rico voted strongly in favor of becoming the 51st state, but the approval of the United States Congress is also needed. Guyana has also seen political movements favoring and advocating for it to become an American associated territory with eventual statehood as its goal. Several Canadian Provinces as well as the whole of Canada have had political parties and movements advocating American statehood making their North American location a natural candidate and ideal prospect. Mogadishu Mogadishu () is the capital city of the African country of Somalia. It is also the largest city in that country. It is located in the coastal Banadir region on the Somali Sea. The city has been an important port for the region for many centuries. Estimates of the city's population are between 1.5 and 3 million people. History. Trade between the people in the Mogadishu area with other areas along the Somali Sea coast of East Africa started as early as the 1st century. Muslim traders from the Arabian Peninsula came to the area during the 10th century. Because of trade with them, Islam spread through Somalia. The Portuguese tried to take control of the city, but failed. In 1871 Barghash bin Said, the sultan of Zanzibar, controlled the city. In 1892, Ali bin Said let Italy use the city. Italy bought the city in 1905. They made "Mogadiscio" (Italian for Mogadishu) the capital of Italian Somaliland. The Italians took control of the area around the city in 1919 after minor resistance. Italian Mogadiscio from a small village of 1,000 inhabitants in the 1890s to a modern capital in 1940 of nearly 100,000 persons (of whom more than 1/3 were Italians), that was second only to Asmara in Eritrea for development inside the Italian Empire. British forces that were in Kenya during World War II captured Mogadishu on February 26, 1941. The British ruled until they gave Italy control of the city again in 1952. Somalia became independent in 1960 with Mogadishu as its capital. Rebel forces entered and took the city in 1990. They forced President Mohamed Siad Barre to resign and leave the country in January 1991. He went to Lagos, Nigeria. Some of the rebels said that Ali Mahdi Muhammad was the new president. Others said that Mohamed Farrah Aidid was president. A group of United States Marines landed near Mogadishu on December 9, 1992. They were the first part of the United Nations peacekeeping forces during Operation Restore Hope to go to the country. Mogadishu has had many years of civil war. This is because the government of Somalia fell in 1991. This has included many suicide bombings by jihadist group al-Shabaab. In 2017, an al-Shabaab suicide bomber killed over 500 people. Economy. Mogadishu is a commercial and financial center for Somalia. The economy got better after the Somali Civil War but there are still problems. Because the government does not have control of the whole country, there is less taxation or regulatory costs. This makes businesses not cost as much as it does in other places. Businesses have hired armed militias to have security. This is reducing violence in the city. The main industries of the city include making food and beverages as well as textiles. The main textile is cotton. The main market many different types of goods from food to electronic items. Mogadishu has the most port traffic of any port in Somalia. It is still a major seaport. However, there has been a lot of piracy around Somalia's coastal areas. This makes trade risky. J1 League The , in the past known as , is part of the Japanese football club system. J1 League is the top grouping of the . It is one of the three major titles in Japan, along with J. League Cup and Emperor's Cup. The second tier is represented by the J2 League. Club guide. There are 18 Division 1 (J1) teams. The list of clubs in the league has changed over time. In 2016, the J1 teams are: League Format. As of the 2015 season, and continuing through at least the 2019 season, the league uses a multi-stage format. The regular season is split into two stages. In each stage, each team plays one match against every other team. As in almost all association football leagues worldwide, teams receive 3 points in the standings for a win, 1 point for a draw, and none for a loss, and teams are ranked by points earned. After the second stage of the regular season, an overall table is calculated. The champions of each stage of the regular season, plus any team finishing in the top three of the overall table, advance to a championship playoff. The team that finishes on top of the overall table receives a place in the championship final, while the other teams play off for the other spot in the final. Philippine Revolution The Philippine Revolution (1896–1898) was an armed conflict between the Spanish colonial regime and the Katipunan. The goal of the revolution was for the Philippines to gain independence from Spain. Victoria, Seychelles Victoria (sometimes called Port Victoria) is the capital city of the Republic of Seychelles. It is on the north-eastern side of Mahé island, which the main island of the archipelago. The city was first created as the capital of the British colonial government. Victoria has a population of 24,970 people (2002). About one third of the population of the Seychelles lives in the city. Victoria is served by the Seychelles International Airport The main exports of Victoria are vanilla, coconuts, coconut oil, corn, tortoise shell, soap, and guano. The harbour is a short distance east of the town. Tuna fishing and canning are a major local industry. Things to see. Things to see in the city include a clocktower built similar to Little Ben in London, England. It is a small version of Big Ben. Other things include the Courthouse, the Victoria Botanical Gardens, the Victoria National Museum of History, the Victoria Natural History Museum and the Sir Selwyn Selwyn-Clarke Market. Roe Roe is the ripe eggs of fish and certain marine animals, for example sea urchins, shrimp and scallop. It is a type of seafood. Roe is used in many different foods. It can be used cooked or raw. Caviar is a name for sturgeon roe which is eaten as a delicacy. Soft roe or white roe is not roe. It is the seminal fluid of fish. Around the world. Asia. Japan. Many different types of roe are used in Japanese cuisine. The following are used raw in sushi: India (Kerala and West Bengal) and Bangladesh. Roe from the Hilsa fish is a delicacy in West Bengal and Bangladesh. The roe is usually deep-fried. Other ways of cooking it such as mashed roe where the roe crushed along with oil, onion & pepper, or curry of roe could also be found. In the state of Kerala, roe is deep fried in coconut oil and is a delicacy. Among the tribal populace, deeply-roasted roe in open fire (much like marshmallows) is a delicacy. In this region, the roe of rohu is also delicacy. It is eaten fried or put inside a fried pointed gourd to make "potoler dolma". Iran. In the Caspian provinces of Gilan and Mazandaran, several types of roe are used. Called Ashpal or Ashbal, roe can be eaten grilled, cured, salted, or mixed with other things. If salted or cured, it is eaten as a condiment. If used fresh, it is usually grilled, steamed, or mixed with eggs and fried to make a custard-like dish called "Ashpal Kuku". Roe from Kutum (also known as Caspian White Fish or "Rutilus Frisii Kutum"), Roach (called "Kuli" in Gileki), Bream (called "Kulmeh" in Gileki), and Caspian Salmon are liked very much. Roe from Carp is less common and Barbel roe is also used at times. Europe. Denmark. Lumpfish ("stenbider") roe is used in Danish cuisine. It is served on top of halved or sliced hard-boiled eggs, on top of piles of shrimp, or with other fish or seafood. Another commonly eaten roe is that from the cod ("torsk"). Greece. Tarama is carp roe used to make taramosalata. Taramosolata is a Greek and Turkish food that is made of tarama mixed with lemon juice, bread crumbs, onions, and olive oil. Other food is dipped into it and eaten. Italy. Bottarga is the salted and dried roe pouch of Gray Mullet. It is used as a topping and with pasta. Sweden. Smoked and salted cod roe paste is very popular in Sweden. The most famous brand is Kalles Kaviar. The paste is commonly served as sandwich topping. United Kingdom. Roe eaten in the United Kingdom is usually soft roe instead of hard roe. Herring roe is sold in many British supermarkets but it is not very popular. Battered cod roe can also be bought within many fish and chip shops, mainly around the London area. Television licence The television licence (sometimes called the "TV licence" or the "television tax") is a small tax that people pay to watch television. It is used to pay, or part-pay, for the local public broadcaster, such as the BBC in the United Kingdom. It mainly exists in Europe, East Asia and parts of Africa. The licence fee varies in size from a few euros to around 350 euros per year in Iceland. In return for paying the licence, the broadcaster does have few or no adverts. In the past, before television was well known, people used to have a radio licence, which is a roughly the same as television licence, but for radio. Some countries still have the radio licence together with the television licence. Nicosia Nicosia, also known as Lefkosia (; ) is the capital city and largest city of the island country of Cyprus. Niscosia is on the Pedieos (Kanlidere) river in the centre of the island. The city is the seat of government as well as the main business centre for Cyprus. Nicosia is capital of the administrative district (Nicosia District). Division. Nicosia is the only divided capital city in the world. It has a northern (Turkish) section and a southern (Cypriot) section. These sections are divided by the "Green Line". It is a demilitarized zone created by the United Nations. Nicosia (southern part) is the capital of the Republic of Cyprus while northern part is capital of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), a de facto state only recognized by Turkey. Nicosia has a total population of 310,355. Features. Nicosia has many shops, restaurants and entertainment. The city is a trade center. It manufactures textiles, leather, pottery, plastic, and other items. Copper mines are nearby. The University of Cyprus (UCY) is in Nicosia. Climate. Nicosia has a hot semi-arid climate ("BSh" in the Koeppen climate classification). History. Nicosia was a city-state known as Ledra or Ledrae in ancient times. The king of Ledra was Onasagoras in 672 BC. The city was rebuilt by Lefkos, son of Ptolemy I around 300 BC. Ledra in Hellenic and Roman times was a small, unimportant town, also known as Lefkothea. It got its first Christian bishop, Trifillios, in 348. The city became the island's capital around the 10th century. It had grown in importance because of threats to the coastal cities Paphos and Salamis. These threats made many people leave the coast of the island and move to Lefkosia in the center of the island. The city became a Venetian possession in 1489. It was captured by the Ottoman Empire in 1571. During this time, the city grew culturally. In the 15th and 16th centuries, many palaces, churches and monasteries were built. About 20,000 people living in the city died because of the Ottoman attack of 1570. Many disasters happened in the city during the 19th century. Cholera hit the city in 1835. Fire destroyed large parts of Nicosia in 1857. The British Empire took control of the island in 1878. Nicosia was the capital of the new British colony. In early 1974, a coup d'état instigated by the Greek junta overthrew the legal government and took control. Shortly afterwards Turkey invaded the island occupying a large part, with excuse that Turkish Cypriot people's safety was threatened. Because of this, Cyprus and the city of Nicosia are divided since. Cyprus with its legal government is part of the European Union. The northern area, controlled by Turkish Cypriots, exists as a unilaterally proclaimed "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" recognized only by Turkey. Gob Gob are a Canadian punk band from Burnaby, British Columbia . The band was formed in 1994. The band's sound is based on distorted guitars. They have had many songs used on Electronic Arts's sports video games. The band has appeared on several outdoor music festivals, the most well-known being Vans Warped Tour. Auckland Grammar School Auckland Grammar School is a public school in Auckland New Zealand. It teaches boys from age thirteen to eighteen. The school also has some places near the school where students who come from distant places can live. It is one of the biggest schools in New Zealand. The school has more than two thousand students. The School's motto is "Per Angusta Ad Augusta". It means "Through difficulties to greatness". This motto is most often reiterated within the school. The current Headmaster is Tim O'Connor. History. Auckland Grammar School was first set up in 1868 by Sir George Grey. He was the governor of New Zealand from 1861-1868. During that time, the new European settlers were fighting with the Māori people over land rights issues. The Governor of New Zealand asked for military help from the British Empire. Britain sent up to one million soldiers to New Zealand to end the problems. Many of the soldiers settled with their families in Auckland. Sir George Grey decided to create Auckland Grammar School to give a very good education to the soldiers' sons. Tibbs House. Tibbs House was opened in 1962 with 46 boys to provide an opportunity for boys outside of the greater Auckland area to attend Auckland Grammar School. It was named after the fourth Headmaster of Auckland Grammar School, Mr J W Tibbs MA, CMG, who was Headmaster from 1893 to 1922. A statue of Mr Tibbs can be found at the entrance to Old Tibbs House. Rules. People of all classes or racial background who live in New Zealand are all the same when it comes to being allowed to go to the school. The school believes it is very important to teach many different languages and, in particular, 'the instructing in Latin.' The school tries to get all of the students to do very well in all educational areas, for example, Academic, Sporting and Cultural fields. The school does however show some disregard for national educational standards. Virginia Beach, Virginia Virginia Beach is an American city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The city is in the South Hampton Roads area on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the largest city in Virginia. It is the 42nd largest city in the United States. There are people living there. Virginia Beach is a part of the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News metropolitan area. The area also includes the cities of Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Suffolk, as well as other smaller cities, counties and towns of Hampton Roads. The area is known as "America's First Region." Virginia Beach is best known as a resort town. It has miles of beaches and hundreds of hotels, motels, and restaurants along the Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay. It is also home to several state parks, three military bases, a number of large corporations, and two universities. It was the site of the first landing of English colonists going to Jamestown. The city is listed in the "Guinness Book of Records" as having the longest pleasure beach in the world and. It is also at the southern end of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, the longest bridge-tunnel in the world. History. Native Americans. Chesepians were the Native American (American Indian) people living in the area now known as South Hampton Roads in Virginia during the time the English settlers came in 1607. They lived in an area which is now the cities of Norfolk, Portsmouth, Chesapeake and Virginia Beach. The Chesepians had two other towns (or villages), Apasus and Chesepioc. Both were near the Chesapeake Bay in what is now Virginia Beach. Archaeologists and other people have found many Native American artifacts, for example arrowheads, stone axes, pottery, beads, and skeletons in the area. First landing, Adam Thoroughgood. In 1607, after traveling by ocean for 144 days, three ships headed by Captain Christopher Newport came to land where the Atlantic Ocean meets the southern mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. This point is in the northeastern part of the city. They named it Cape Henry, after Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, the oldest son of King James I of England. They then left the area to find a place farther inland where ships from other European countries would not find them. They created their first settlement at Jamestown. Adam Thoroughgood (1604-1640) of Norfolk, England is one of the first Englishmen to settle in the area which became Virginia Beach. In 1634, the Colony was divided into shires. They were soon renamed counties. It is said that Thoroughgood used the name of his home in England when helping name New Norfolk County in 1637. The following year, New Norfolk County was split into Upper Norfolk County (soon renamed Nansemond County) and Lower Norfolk County. Thoroughgood chose to live along the Lynnhaven River, also named for his home in England. Lower Norfolk County was very big. It stretched all the way from the Atlantic Ocean west past the Elizabeth River. It included the entire area that is now the cities of Portsmouth, Norfolk, Chesapeake, and Virginia Beach. Princess Anne County: 1691-1963. In 1691, Lower Norfolk County was divided to form Norfolk County to the west and Princess Anne County to the east. Princess Anne included all the area from North Carolina border to Cape Henry at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay along the Atlantic Ocean. Princess Anne County existed from 1691 to 1963, over 250 years. Virginia Beach: growth of a resort. The small resort area of Virginia Beach began to grow in Princess Anne County in the late 19th century. This growth was helped in 1888 when rail service and electricity started in the area. The resort was dependent upon railroad and electric trolley service at first. The concrete Virginia Beach Boulevard from Norfolk to the Oceanfront was completed in 1922. It let people get to the oceanfront in automobiles, buses, and trucks. The resort of Virginia Beach became an incorporated town in 1906. Over the next 45 years, Virginia Beach became more popular as a summer vacation spot. Virginia Beach became a small independent city in 1952. It was politically independent from Princess Anne County. In 1963, Virginia Beach and Princess Anne county merged into a new, much larger independent city keeping the name of the Virginia Beach resort. On May 31, 2019, there was a mass shooting in the city. A man killed 12 people. He was killed by police. Geography and climate. Geography. Virginia Beach has an area of 1,288.1 km² (497.3 mi²). Of that area, 643.1 km² (248.3 mi²) is land and 645.0 km² (249.0 mi²) is water. The average elevation is 12 feet (4 meters) above sea level. The city has a humid subtropical climate ("Cfa" in the Koeppen climate classification). Things to see. The Edgar Cayce Hospital for Research and Enlightenment was started in Virginia Beach in 1928 with 60 beds. Cayce was a psychic from Kentucky who said he had healing abilities and made prophesies. Cayce lived in Virginia Beach until he died in 1945. His followers are still active in Virginia Beach. Atlantic University was opened by Cayce in 1930; it closed two years later but was re-opened in 1985. Atlantic University was originally intended for study of Cayce's readings and research after spiritual subjects. There are also eleven golf courses open to the public in the city, as well as four country club courses and NAS Oceana's Aeropines course. Among the best-known public courses are Hell's Point Golf Club and the TPC of Virginia Beach. Military bases. Virginia Beach is home to several United States Military bases. These include the United States Navy's NAS Oceana and FTC Dam Neck, and the United States Army's Fort Story at Cape Henry. NAB Little Creek is mostly in the city of Virginia Beach but has a Norfolk address. NAS Oceana is the largest employer in Virginia Beach. It is said to the largest naval airbase in the world. Sister cities. Virginia Beach has three Sister Cities: Rose Tattoo Rose Tattoo is a hard rock band from Sydney, Australia. The band was formed in 1976. The band is led by singer Angry Anderson. Among their best known songs are "We Can't Be Beaten", "Scarred for Life", "Rock 'n' Roll Outlaw" and "Bad Boy for Love". Their first 4 albums were produced by Harry Vanda and George Young who also worked with AC/DC. Other bands have played Rose Tattoo songs including Guns N' Roses ("Nice Boys"), L.A. Guns ("Rock'N'Roll Outlaw"), Nashville Pussy ("Rock'N'Roll Outlaw" and "Nice Boys"), Brass Tacks ("Nice Boys"), Public Toys ("Nice Boys"), Lower Class Brats ("We Can't Be Beaten") and Canadian punk rock band Youth Youth Youth ("We can't be beaten"). Patriots' Day Patriots' Day (sometimes spelled Patriot's Day or Patriots Day) is a legal holiday in Massachusetts. The holiday remembers the American men and women who fought during the Revolutionary War. In the past, Patriots' Day was on April 19. This was done in honor of Lexington and Concord. These were the first battles of the American Revolutionary War that were fought on that date in 1775. Since 1969, however, the holiday has been on the third Monday in April. The Boston Marathon is run on this day every year. The Boston Marathon bombings happened on this day in 2013. The Boston Red Sox have played a home game at Fenway Park on this day every year since 1960. Woodside, London Woodside is a neighbourhood in Croydon, in the London Borough of Croydon, England. Woodside Racecourse opened in 1866 on a park called Stroud Green Farm, it has now closed and is now the site of Ashburton Learning Village, closing in 1890. Woodside station opened to serve visitors to the racecourse, but not a lot of people used it when the course closed so it was replaced to make way for a tram line. Woodside is close to South Norwood and Addiscombe. Sofia Sofia is the capital and the largest city of Republic of Bulgaria. It has 1.3 million people. It is the 15th largest city of the European Union. Sofia is in the west of Bulgaria. Sofia is one of the oldest capital cities in Europe; the history of Sofia dates back to the 8th century BC. Many of the major universities, cultural institutions, and businesses of Bulgaria are concentrated in Sofia. At 550 m (1,800 ft) above sea level, Sofia is the third highest capital in Europe (after the Andorran capital Andorra la Vella and the Spanish capital Madrid). It has a humid continental climate ("Dfb" in the Köppen climate classification). Burette A burette is a vertical tube-like instrument, used to measure and separate known amounts of liquids in laboratories. Burettes are very precise and one can measure the volume of a fluid with the precision of ±0.05 mL with them. History. Francois Antoine Henri Descroizilles developed the first burette on 1791. Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac invented a more complete burette later. Maghen Abraham Synagogue The Maghen Abraham Synagogue is the oldest synagogue in Beirut, the capital of Lebanon. History. This synagogue was very important to Jewish Lebanese in the early twentieth century. It was built in 1925. It was then named after the son of Abraham Sason. It was used as a place to stay for illegal travelers. Some of the people who traveled without legal papers stayed in the synagogue while going to Palestine. Today, it is now called Israel. In 1976, a year after the civil war began, Joseph Farhi took the Torah scrolls from the synagogue to Geneva. Most of them were sent to Sephardic synagogues in Israel. Israel attacked its enemies in Lebanon. This brought anger by other people towards Lebanese Jews. Lebanese Jews became targets to Islamic militant groups since 1984. But even during the fighting, Yasser Arafat's PLO forces and the Christian Phalangists did protect Wadi Abu Jamil during the 1982 Lebanon War. But, the presence of Palestine Liberation Organization forces in the area brought Israeli attacks that damaged the synagogue itself. The late former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri wanted to rebuild the synagoge, but that never happened. The Talmudic school next to it was broken down. This was to keep view of the beach nearby. Georg Danzer Georg Franz Danzer (born October 7, 1946 in Vienna, died June 21, 2007, in Asperhofen) was an Austrian musician. He wrote and sang many songs. Many people think of him as the father of Austropop. This is because he usually sang his songs in the local dialect. He died of lung cancer at age 60. Bentheuphausia amblyops Bentheuphausia amblyops is a species of krill. Krill are small shrimp-like crustaceans living in the ocean. "B. amblyops" is the only species within its genus, which in turn is the only genus within the family Bentheuphausiidae. All the 85 other species of krill known are classified in the family Euphausiidae. "B. amblyops" can be found in the northern Atlantic Ocean. It occurs in latitudes south of 40° N, and also in the southern seas of the Atlantic, in the Indian Ocean and in the Pacific. It is a bathypelagic krill that lives in deep waters below 1,000 m. It is distinguished from the Euphausiidae by several morphological features. The features most easily used to tell it apart are that the animals are "not" bioluminescent and that their first pair of pleopods is "not" modified as copulatory tool organs. Also, their eyes are smaller than those of the Euphausiidae. Adults reach a length of 4 to 5 cm. Grosse Ile Township, Michigan Grosse Ile Township is a town in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The township is coterminous with the island in the Detroit River called Grosse Ile. The name comes from French, meaning "Big Island". The population was 10,894 at the 2000 census. It is part of the collection of communities known as Downriver. Malacostraca The Malacostraca (Greek: "soft shell") are the largest subgroup of crustaceans. They include decapods (such as crabs, lobsters and shrimp), stomatopods (mantis shrimp) and krill. There are 22,000 members in this group. It represents two thirds of all crustacean species. The first malacostracans appeared in the Cambrian period. The classification of crustaceans is currently being debated. Some think Malacostraca is a class and others think it is a subclass. Morphology. Malacostraca have heads with six segments. They have a pair of antennules and a pair of antennae. They also have mouthparts. There are appendages near the mouthparts, called maxillipeds. They have five pairs of walking legs. The first pair is formed like a pincer. There are eight thoracic segments. There are six abdominal segments. They are used for swimming. Members of Malacostraca have compound stalked or sessile eyes. They have a two-chambered stomach and a centralized nervous system. Classification. Class Malacostraca Decapod Decapoda is an order of crustaceans in the class Malacostraca. Many familiar groups, such as crayfish, crabs, lobsters, prawns and shrimp are in this order. Many decapods are scavengers - they eat dead plants and animals. Crabs are mixed feeders, taking algae and shellfish such as molluscs. Lobsters eat mostly live prey. Anatomy. As their name suggests, all decapods have ten appendages. The last five pairs of appendages on the front half of the body, the "cephalothorax", are used for walking. In many decapods, the front pair of appendages carry large pinching claws. The claws are called "chelae", so these appendages may be called "chelipeds". The front three pairs of appendages on the thorax are used as jaws, and called "maxillipeds". On the abdomen are swimming appendages called "pleopods", and the body ends in a tail fan. Classification. Classification of the order Decapoda depends on the structure of the gills and legs, and the way in which the larvae develop. There are two suborders: Dendrobranchiata and Pleocyemata. Prawns (including many so-called "shrimp", such as the Atlantic white shrimp) make up the Dendrobranchiata. The other groups, including true shrimp, are the Pleocyemata. The following classification follows Martin and Davis, with some changes based on more recent structural and molecular studies.x Order Decapoda (Selection, not everything is listed) Rafik Hariri Rafik Baha ad-Din Hariri (; November 1, 1944 – February 14, 2005) was a Lebanese billionaire and businessman. He was Prime Minister of Lebanon from 1992 to 1998, and he became Prime Minister again in 2000. But in October 20, 2004, he quit his job. He helped a lot in rebuilding Beirut, which was damaged from the fighting during the civil war. Hariri was killed along with 21 other people on February 14, 2005. A thousand kilograms of TNT exploded in a van near his car. His car was passing through St. George Hotel in the Lebanese capital, Beirut. People are still trying to learn who did it, and the United Nations have helped to investigate. Serge Brammertz is leading this investigation. Many people in Lebanon said that the government of Syria and its allies did it. So far, Brammertz said that DNA evidence collected from the exploded area shows that the killing was done by a young man who blew himself up at the time. Antenna (biology) An antenna (plural antennae) is one of a pair of feelers (appendages) connected to the front segments of crustaceans and insects. They are found on the first two segments of the head. The smaller pair are known as antennules. Antennae are jointed and extend forward from the head. They are sensory organs. The organ may sense touch, air motion, heat, vibration (sound), and especially smell or gustation (taste). Sepp Dietrich Josef "Sepp" Dietrich (May 28, 1892 in Hawangen,Bavaria, Germany- April 21, 1966 in Ludwigsburg,Baden-Württemberg, West Germany) was a German Waffen-SS general, and one of the closest men to Adolf Hitler. For his wartime services, he was one of only 27 men to be awarded the Knight's Cross with Oak leaves, Swords and Diamonds. Dietrich and other members of the Waffen-SS were tried for war crimes after WW2. He died in 1966 21 years after World War 2 ended in 1945 . Hue Hue is one of the main properties of a color. It is defined as “the degree to which a stimulus is similar to, or different from, stimuli that are red, green, blue, and yellow” (the unique hues). The other main aspects of color appearance are colorfulness, chroma, saturation, lightness, and brightness. Usually, colors with the same hue are distinguished with adjectives referring to their lightness and/or chroma, such as with "light blue", "pastel blue", "vivid blue". <li style = "background-color: #ff0000;"> Red <li style = "background-color: #ff0800;"> Candy Apple Red <li style = "background-color: #ff2400;"> Scarlet <li style = "background-color: #ff3800;"> Coquelicot <li style = "background-color: #ff3f00;"> Electric Vermilion <li style = "background-color: #ff4500;"> Orange-Red <li style = "background-color: #ff4d00;"> Vermilion <li style = "background-color: #ff4f00;"> International Orange <li style = "background-color: #ff6600;"> Safety Orange <li style = "background-color: #ff7700;"> Carrot <li style = "background-color: #ff7e00;"> Automative Amber <li style = "background-color: #ff7f00;"> Orange (Color Wheel) <li style = "background-color: #ff8100;"> Corporate Orange <li style = "background-color: #ff8c00;"> Dark Orange <li style = "background-color: #ffa000;"> Orange Peel <li style = "background-color: #ffa500;"> Orange <li style = "background-color: #ffba00;"> Selective Yellow <li style = "background-color: #ffbf00;"> Amber <li style = "background-color: #ffc200;"> Golden Poppy <li style = "background-color: #ffcc00;"> Tangerine Yellow <li style = "background-color: #ffd700;"> Gold <li style = "background-color: #ffd800;"> School Bus Yellow <li style = "background-color: #ffdf00;"> Golden Yellow <li style = "background-color: #ffef00;"> Process Yellow <li style = "background-color: #fff700;"> Lemon <li style = "background-color: #ffff00;"> Yellow <li style = "background-color: #dfff00;"> Chartreuse Yellow Freeview (New Zealand) Freeview is free television service in the New Zealand, It is sent to people's home using a digital signal by either over the air or by satellite. It is planning to have more channels than analogue television provides. The service was put on air on 2 May 2007. The service was created as a local copy of the British digital television service, also known as Freeview. Some TVs can receive Freeview automatically, but most people have to buy a special box to connect to their old TV or replace their satellite box, if they want to get by satellite. Burqa A Burqa is a piece of clothing. It is worn by Muslim women. They can wear it as an outer garment. It only leaves a semi-transparent mesh in front of the woman's eyes, so she can see. The rest of the body is covered by it. Other garments for Muslim women that cover less of their body are the hijab and the niqab. People often confuse the hijab and the niqab and call it burqa instead. In Islamic texts. The Quran does not say that women need to cover their faces with a veil, or cover their bodies with the full-body burqa. Burqas around the world. In France, Italy, Denmark, Austria, Switzerland, Latvia, Bulgaria, Sri Lanka, Morocco, Tunisia, Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands wearing a burqa (and the niqab) in public is illegal. And in more countries, it is illegal to enter a government building, public building, public transport, schools, or to drive a vehicle with a burqa (or a niqab). Motion Picture Association of America film rating system The Motion Picture Association of America film rating system is a system used by the MPAA. It is meant to help parents and movie-goers which movie is suitable for their families and children. Ratings. Current (since 1990) MPAA movie ratings are: History of Movie Ratings. The MPA has made many changes to its movie rating system. When the film ratings were created in 1968, it consists of only four movie ratings. From 1968 to 1970, the four ratings were: In 1970, the M rating became replaced with "GP" because of the confusion as to whether "M-rated" movies would be appropriate for their children. In addition, the minimum age for R and X-rated movies were raised from 16 to 17. From 1970 to 1972, the movie ratings consisted of four new ratings: In 1972, the "GP" rating was renamed to "PG" and renamed to "Parental Guidance Suggested". From 1972 to 1984, the ratings were: In 1984, the "PG-13" rating was created after some parents were unhappy about some movies like Gremlins and Temple of Doom being rated PG and felt the content was given the wrong rating. They asked the MPAA to raise their ratings from PG to R. However, the MPAA felt neither films were strong enough to be given an R-rating so as a response, the MPAA introduced the PG-13 rating warning parents some material may be inappropriate for children under 13. From 1984 to 1990, the ratings were: In 1990, the X rating had been discontinued and replaced with "NC-17" because some people incorrectly assumed "X" films meant the movie was pornographic. From 1990 to 1994, the ratings were: In 1995, the minimum age for the NC-17 rating was raised from 17 to 18, and re-worded as "No one 17 and under" to exclude 17 year olds. In the mid 2010s, the NC-17 rating was titled "Adults only". From 1995 to 2014, the ratings were: Since 2014, the rating are: NC-17. The NC-17 rating is the highest rating (even higher than the R-rating) that a film can be given, and it means the movie is for adults only (ages 18 and older) and no one age 17 or younger will be admitted. This rating, prior to 1990, was previously rated X. As the 1980s was ending, the MPA announced that beginning in 1990, the X-rating will be replaced with NC-17. The NC-17 rating is very rare because most retailers, newspapers, advertisers, streaming service providers (like HBO), and movie theaters refuse to stock, air, or premiere NC-17 rated content. For this reason, movie directors view the NC-17 rating as a death sentence because almost nobody will watch their film so what most directors do is they go back and edit their movies to which the MPAA told what scenes or content gave them the NC-17 rating so they would either cut the scene entirely or modify it to a lesser-form, and submit the movie for a classification again in which most of the time, they successfully get the R-rating. Some examples of NC-17 rated films include "Henry & June" (1990) and "Showgirls" (1995). Films are given the NC-17 rating primarily due to their use of sexual activity including nudity, whereas a few of them are given the classification because of their extreme violence that is too cruel to be allowed in an R-rated film. Prior to 1995, NC-17 stood for "No Children under 17 admitted when 17 was the minimum age for admittance. In 1995, the MPA raised the minimum age from 17 to 18. Beginning with 1995, the rating was retitled for No one 17 and under admitted to exclude 17 year olds. Difference between R and NC-17. The main difference between an R and NC-17 rating follows: The Satanic Verses The Satanic Verses is a novel by Salman Rushdie. Part of it was inspired by the life of Muhammad. The title refers to Satanic verses. This is one of the interpretations of the Koran. This interpretation is what Ibn Ishaq did in the oldest surviving text of the work. Some Islamic and most non-Muslim Western historians and commentators on the Qur'an have accepted this story of Muhammad's momentary acceptance of the verses although there are no known sources confirming the presence of these verses in reality in Qur'an in olden times. A common Muslim viewpoint is that the existence of the verses is just a fabrication created by non-Muslims. The novel caused much controversy when it was published. Many Muslims felt that it contained blasphemous references. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the Supreme Leader of Iran, a Shi'a Muslim scholar, issued a fatwa that called for the death of Rushdie and claimed that it was the duty of every Muslim to obey. As a result, Hitoshi Igarashi, the Japanese language translator of the book was stabbed to death on 11 July 1991; Ettore Capriolo, the Italian language translator, was seriously injured in a stabbing the same month. William Nygaard, the publisher in Norway, survived an attempted assassination in Oslo in October 1993. On 14 February 2006, the Iranian state news agency reported that the fatwa will remain in place permanently. In the United Kingdom, however, the book was praised by a lot of critics. It was a 1988 Booker Prize Finalist, eventually losing to Peter Carey's "Oscar and Lucinda". Satanic verses Satanic verses is a name given to a number of verses of the Qur'an. These verses became famous because they were introduced into a version of the book. In a later version, they were taken out again. Different groups of people have different views about these verses. According to the first biography of Muhammad, "Sīrat Rasul Allah, Life of the Apostle of God", by Islamic authors Ṭabarī (839-923) and al-Wāqidī (745-822), Muhammad, who struggled to convert the inhabitants of Mecca, was tempted by Satan ("Iblis") while he was reciting the "sūra" al-Najm (considered - like all the Islamic sacred text - a divine revelation transmitted to him through the archangel Gabriel) who suggested a phrase (v. 21) after verses 19 and 20. National Democrats (Sweden) National Democrats () is a minor political party in Sweden. It was formed in October 2001. The chairman of the party is Marc Abramsson. Broad Green Broad Green is a small area with a lot of houses at the centre of West Croydon in the London Borough of Croydon, England. The area is mostly filled with a triangular green space which includes shops and large houses. The green was built at the end of the 19th century. Most of West Croydon is in an electoral ward called "Broad Green", hence Broad Green library is some distance from the traditional Broad Green area. Parts of West Thornton and Selhurst wards are also in West Croydon. West Croydon West Croydon might refer to: Kanji Kanji (漢字) is one of the three forms of Japanese writing. A kanji is an "ideogram": that is, a type of simple picture. These are made to show a word's meaning. It is a symbol of an idea such as an object, thing or quality. Kanji ideograms (or “characters”) were taken from Chinese characters, and many changed over time. The word “kanji” means “Han characters” (i.e. “Chinese characters”). "Kanji" vs. "kana". There are two other systems used to write in Japanese. These systems are called hiragana and katakana (together they are called “kana”). They show how a word is pronounced because each character stands for a syllable (a, ka, sa, ta etc.). Each kanji could also be written in kana, indeed they are in children’s books or books for foreigners learning Japanese. Japanese can have many homophones for one pronunciation, e.g. "kami" can mean “god”, “hair”, "paper", or "upper stream". Since each words is made of the same syllables, they are written using the same kana (かみ in hiragana and カミ in katakana), but since they all have very different meanings, the kanji character for each word is quite different. The kanji for "god" is 神, the kanji for "hair" is 髪, the kanji for "paper" is 紙, and the kanji for "upper stream" is 上. However, each kanji character can have several different pronunciations, according to which meaning (which “reading”) is intended. Kanji was originally written to look like what it means, thus the Japanese symbol for mouth is 口 (which is said as "kuchi"), and looks like a mouth. Another word, 山 (said as "yama") means mountain. The Japanese have for many words. Many can be shown with just one kanji, but sometimes two kanji characters are combined to make new words, such as 山口 ("yamaguchi"), "mountain-mouth", meaning a cave. (It is also a surname and the name of a prefecture). Kanji is often combined with hiragana to show the grammatical meaning of the word. In English this would be done with endings (e.g. “act” (the verb), “action” (the noun) etc.) "Kun-yomi" vs. "on-yomi". Most kanji characters can be pronounced at least two different ways according to whether the word is a native Japanese word (this is called the “kun” reading, or “kun-yomi”), or whether it came from Chinese (this called the “on” reading or “on-yomi”). Kanji that stand alone usually have kun-yomi, while kanji compound words usually have on-yomi. For example, 山 on its own is "yama" (the Japanese word for “mountain”). When it is combined with another word or name, it is pronounced "san" e.g. “Fuji-san” (Mount Fuji). However, there are many exceptions to these patterns. For example, some native Japanese words with two or more kanji (usually proper nouns) use their kanji's kun-yomi, like 山口, which is pronounced "yama-guchi", even though the on-yomi for the kanji would be "san" and "kō" in that order. Sometimes, kanji only have on-yomi and have no kun-yomi. For example, the kanji 毒, which means "poison", only has the on-yomi "doku". Sometimes, compound words mix on-yomi and kun-yomi together. For example, the word 金色, which means "golden", is pronounced "kin-iro", in which the first kanji uses its on-yomi, and the second-kanji uses its kun-yomi. Sometimes, the kanji in certain compound words may not even use their kanji readings at all, but are used only to show the word's meaning. For example, the word 煙草 is pronounced "tabako", which means "tobacco" in English. This word was borrowed from Portuguese, and while the pronunciation of the word does not match either kanji, the meaning of the kanji are "smoke" and "grass" in that order, hinting at the word's meaning. There are even some words whose kanji can be used to only show a word's pronunciation and not its meaning. These are called ateji. For example, the word 亜米利加, which means "America", is pronounced "Amerika", but none of the kanji meanings have any obvious connection to America. Usually, however, words of the last kind are usually written in only katakana these days, though sometimes words like "sushi" still written in ateji, like 寿司, because Chinese tourists will recognize the ateji more easily, since the word is written the same way in Chinese. Number of kanji. Kanji characters are classed on the basis of how many brush strokes they are made of. The simplest kanji have one stroke and the most complex may have up to 30 strokes. There are many different Kanji, the exact number is not known but it is around 50,000. However, not all 50,000 are taught in schools. The government of Japan has set up a 1,945 basic kanji list (Jōyō Kanji) that those learning the language need to know. They are the ones most commonly used in newspapers and magazines, along with street signs and store signs. Kanji takes many years to learn. By the end of his school years a pupil should know about 1,850 kanji. A university graduate would need to know about 3000. If someone does not know the kanji for a word, they can write it in kana and it will be understood, but it is usually not the proper way to write it, however kana can have many meanings for the same word, so unless the person writes in kanji, we will not know what they are saying. Chris Moyles Chris Moyles (born 22 February 1974 in Leeds) is a British radio and television presenter. He presents a breakfast radio show on BBC Radio 1. His career in radio started at age 14, when he worked on a hospital radio. He worked at lots of different stations until he got a job at BBC Radio 1 in 1997. When he took over the Breakfast show from fellow DJ Sara Cox he quickly brought more listeners to the show. He won awards for his show. Moyles wrote an autobiography called "The Gospel According to Chris Moyles: The Story of One Man and his Mouth". Libretto A libretto is the text (the words) which are set to music to make an opera. A libretto can also be the words for an oratorio, cantata, mass or a musical. The person who writes the libretto is called a librettist. The word “libretto” (plural: “libretti” or “librettos”) is an Italian word which means “little book”. Sometimes a composer writes his own libretti, but usually a composer likes to have a librettist who can write the words for him so that he can set them to music. Some libretti are original stories by the librettist, but very often they are based on a book by another writer. In the 18th century Metastasio was a very famous librettist. Many of his libretti were set several times by different composers. Another 18th century librettist was Lorenzo da Ponte, who wrote the libretti for three of Mozart's greatest operas, as well as for many other composers. In the 19th century Eugène Scribe wrote a very large number of libretti that were set to music by composers such as Meyerbeer, Auber, Bellini, Donizetti, Rossini and Verdi. Two French writers called Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy wrote many opera and operetta libretti for the composers Jacques Offenbach, Jules Massenet and Georges Bizet. Arrigo Boito, who wrote libretti for, among others, Giuseppe Verdi and Amilcare Ponchielli, composed two operas of his own. Hugo von Hoffmansthal wrote libretti for Richard Strauss. Wagner and Tippett are two composers who wrote their own libretti. Usually a libretto is written before the music, but sometimes composers wrote some of the music first and then looked for words to go with it. Composers, such as Mikhail Glinka, Alexander Serov, Rimsky-Korsakov, Puccini, and Mascagni all did this sometimes. Musicals usually have lyrics (the words for the songs), and a separate "book" (the spoken dialogue and the stage directions). Sometimes these two are by different authors, e.g. the musical Fiddler on the Roof has a composer (Jerry Bock), a lyricist (Sheldon Harnick), and the writer of the "book" (Joseph Stein). Hmong people The words Hmong and Mong refer to an Asian ethnic group. Their homeland is in China, especially along the Yangtze and Yellow river. In the 18th century, Hmong people started moving to other Southeast Asian countries. Today, they live in all of China, northern Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar. In 1975, communists took over Laos. After they took over, many Hmong people moved to the United States, Australia, France, French Guiana, and Canada. Hmong people divide themselves into the White Hmong, the Green Hmong, and other smaller groups. History. Hmong people have been living in southern China for at least 2,000 years. Miao clans with Han origins. Some of the origins of the Hmong and Miao clan names are a result of the marriage of Hmong women to Han Chinese men, with distinct Han Chinese-descended clans and lineages practicing Han Chinese burial customs. These clans were called "Han Chinese Hmong" ("Hmong Sua") in Sichuan, and were instructed in military tactics by fugitive Han Chinese rebels. Such Chinese "surname groups" are comparable to the patrilineal Hmong clans and also practice exogamy. These Miao clans produced by Han Chinese men mating with Miao women introduced Han Confucian influence into Miao people despite culture in Miao society being transmitted maternally. Han Chinese male soldiers who fought against the Miao rebellions during the Qing and Ming dynasties were known to have married with non-Han women such as the Miao because Han women were less desirable. The Wang clan, founded among the Hmong in Gongxian county of Sichuan's Yibin district, is one such clan and can trace its origins to several such marriages around the time of the Ming dynasty suppression of the Ah rebels. Nicholas Tapp wrote that, according to "The Story of the Ha Kings" in the village, one such Han ancestor was Wang Wu. It is also noted that the Wang typically sided with the Chinese, being what Tapp calls "cooked" as opposed to the "raw" peoples who rebelled against the Chinese. Hmong women who married Han Chinese men founded a new Xem clan among Northern Thailand's Hmong. Fifty years later in Chiangmai two of their Hmong boy descendants were Catholics. A Hmong woman and Han Chinese man married and founded northern Thailand's Lau2, or Lauj, clan, , with another Han Chinese man of the family name Deng founding another Hmong clan. Some scholars believe this lends further credence to the idea that some or all of the present day Hmong clans were formed in this way. Jiangxi Han Chinese are claimed by some as the forefathers of the southeast Guizhou Miao, and Miao children were born to the many Miao women married Han Chinese soldiers in Taijiang in Guizhou before the second half of the 19th century. From 1919 to 1921, the Hmong people were involved a war. The French called this war the War of the Insane. From 1962 to 1975, the Hmong people were involved in the Laotian Civil War, also known as the Secret War. Geography. China has the largest population of Hmong people with 3 million Hmong people. Vietnam has 787,600 Hmong people, Laos has 320,000 Hmong people, and Thailand has 150,000 Hmong people. Some Hmong people live in Myanmar. Outside of Asia, the United States has the most Hmong people; it has 186,310 Hmong people. France has 15,000 Hmong people, Australia has 2,000 Hmong people, and French Guiana has 1,500 Hmong people. Canada and Argentina have a total of 600 Hmong people. Toplessness Toplessness (or being topless) is a state of a woman not wearing any clothing above the waist, meaning the breasts are visible. The term used for a man is barechestedness or shirtlessness. Because the female breast is often associated with sexuality, some countries consider it alright for men to be topless in public, but not women. However, many countries consider it usual for women to be topless, even due to the natural heat. Barechestedness. Barechested means not wearing a shirt. It usually refers to men. It is very common in many societies. Also very common in sports for a number of reasons. Some reasons include, ease of movement, and cooling. It is also common to go shirtless while working/doing labor. Before computerization of vehicles, it was common for young men to work on cars and trucks without a shirt. References. TOPLESS | Cambridge English Dictionary Westminster Cathedral Westminster Cathedral in London, England, is a Roman Catholic cathedral. It is the mother church of the Roman Catholic community in England and Wales and the Metropolitan Church and Cathedral for the Archbishop of Westminster. The cathedral is near Victoria in the City of Westminster. It is the largest Roman Catholic church in England and Wales. It should not be confused with Westminster Abbey. The cathedral was opened in 1903. It was designed by John Francis Bentley and is in the style of Byzantine church architecture. The nave is the widest of any church in England. The sanctuary is higher than the nave, so that the altar can be seen from any part of the nave. A very large crucifix hangs from the chancel arch. The Archiepiscopal Throne or cathedra, of marble and mosaic, is modelled on the Papal Throne at the Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome. There are beautiful marble pillars which are all carved differently. In the crypt there are monuments to famous people. Westminster Cathedral has a famous choir. The first Master of Music (choirmaster) was Sir Richard Runciman Terry. Since 2000, the Master of Music has been Martin Baker. Mass is sung every day. The choir are famous for singing Gregorian chant and polyphony of the Renaissance. Composers such as Benjamin Britten and Ralph Vaughan Williams have written music for the choir. All the boys of the Choir are boarders at the nearby Westminster Cathedral Choir School. The organ is very large. It is in the west gallery (above the entrance). It was built by the organ builder Henry Willis III from 1922 to 1932. One of Louis Vierne's best-known organ pieces, "Carillon de Westminster," was composed for it and dedicated to the builder. On 28 May 1982, the first day of his six-day visit to the United Kingdom, Pope John Paul II celebrated Mass in the Cathedral. In 1995, Cardinal Basil Hume invited HM The Queen. This was the first visit of a reigning monarch of the United Kingdom to a Catholic liturgy since 1688 when James II & VII was king. Cachoeira do Sul Cachoeira do Sul is a Brazilian city of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its population is 89,669 and has an area of 3.765 km². Median In probability theory and statistics, the median of a data set "formula_1", sometimes written as formula_2, is a number describing the data set. This number has the property that it divides a set of observed values in two equal halves, so that half of the values are below it and half are above. If there are a finite number of elements, the median is easy to find. The values need to be arranged in a list, from the lowest to highest. If there is an odd number of values, the median is the one at position formula_3. For example, if there are 13 values, they can be arranged into two groups of 6, with the median in between, at position 7. With an even number of values, as there is no single number which divides all of the numbers to two halves, the median is defined as the mean of the two central elements. With 14 observations, this would be the mean of the elements at positions 7 and 8, which is their sum divided by 2. Alternatively, the median of an even-sized list is sometimes defined as either of the two middle elements; the choice being either (a) always the smallest one, (b) always the largest one, or (c) randomly choose between the two. This alternative definition has two important advantages: it guarantees that the median is always a list element (for example. a list of integers will never have a fractional median), and it guarantees that the median exists for any ordinal-valued data. On the other hand, when one of the choices (a) or (b) is taken, the median of a sample will be biased, which is an unwanted property of a statistical estimator. Definition (c) does not have that disadvantage, but it is more difficult to do. It also has the disadvantage that the same list of values does not have a well-defined, deterministic median. Median and mean. Median and mean are different in several ways. Mean is a better measure in many cases, because many of the statistical tests can use mean and standard deviation of two observations to compare them, while the same comparison cannot be performed using the medians. Median is more useful when the variance of the values is not important, and we only need a central measure of the values. If the maximum value of a set of numbers changes while the other numbers of this set are kept the same, the mean of this set of numbers changes, but the median does not. Another advantage of median is that it can be calculated sooner when we are studying survival data. For example, a researcher can calculate the median survival of patients with a kidney transplant, when half the patients participated in his study die. Calculating the mean survival requires continuing the study, and following all the patients until their death. Example. Suppose one wants to know how many jelly beans most people in the room have, and that there are five people in the room: The results change a lot for numbers with larger ranges. Suppose that one has the following group of five people: In this second case, the mean gives a poor understanding of how many jelly beans most people have (10 or less), while the median gives a better idea of the number of jelly beans most people have. To divide up the number of jelly beans equally, however, one would use the mean. The median is basically the middle number. Mode (statistics) In statistics, the mode of a set of data is the one that occurs most. Very often, samples of data are collected. These might be measurements of some kind. In this context, the mode is the value that occurs most often. Unlike the median and the mean, the mode is not necessarily unique. There might be several different values that occur the same number of times. S.S.C. Napoli S.S.C. Napoli ("Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli") is an Italian football club. The club plays in Serie A. Its home stadium is the Stadio San Paolo in Naples, Italy. They team plays in light blue shirts, white shorts and light blue socks as uniforms. History. The club was formed in 1926 and it was in most of its history in Serie A. It was Diego Armando Maradona who put Napoli on the world soccer map, leading them to scudettos in 1987 and 1990 and the UEFA Cup in 1989. They also won the Coppa Italia in 1962, 1976, 1987, 2012, 2014 and 2020, a Coppa delle Alpi in 1966 and two Supercoppa Italiana in 1990 and 2014. Napoli dropped to Serie B in 2001. With a debt of about 70 million euros, the club went bankrupt in August 2004. A new club, Napoli Soccer, was born. Napoli Soccer was renamed Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli in early 2006. Notable Players. These are players who once played for Napoli and players who still do. At War with Satan At War with Satan is the third album by English black metal band Venom. It was released on 16 April 1984. Antichrist In Christian beliefs, the Antichrist or Anti-christ ("anti" means opposite; "christ" means messiah) is used to speak about a person or image that implies evil, and more than one person. It is also said that antichrist is the devil himself. The Biblical Book of Revelation refers to two "Beasts". One of them is often identified as the Antichrist, the counter-messiah of the devil. Baker A baker is somebody who makes mainly bread. Some bakers also make cakes and desserts, but a traditional baker only makes bread. The place where a baker works is called a bakehouse or a bakery. The first bread was made by the Egyptians in 8000 BC and in the Middle Ages most landlords had a bakery. They had a public oven and housewives brought the dough to the baker to cook. Bread is now much sweeter than it was in the Middle Ages because a lot of corn syrup or honey is used. Statistical hypothesis test A statistical hypothesis test is a method used in statistics. It helps you describe the results you get from an experiment. The hypothesis test tells you the likelihood that a specific result would happen by chance. Statistical hypothesis tests answer the question: "Assuming that the null hypothesis is true, what is the probability of getting a value which is at least as extreme as the value that was actually observed?". So, for example, if the result would only happen by chance 5% of the time, then the experimental hypothesis is supported to the 95% level. Luxembourg City The city of Luxembourg (, , German: "Luxemburg"), also known as Luxembourg City (, , German: "Stadt Luxemburg"), is a commune with city status, and the capital of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. The city is at the confluence of the Alzette and Pétrusse rivers in southern Luxembourg. In the city is found the Luxembourg Castle, built by the Franks in the Early Middle Ages, around which a settlement developed. History. During the Roman period, two main roads crossed the territory of the present city of Luxembourg; these two roads met at the place "Marché-aux-Poissons" (now a street and a neighborhood) dominated by a fortified tower. A castle was built here called "Lucilinburhuc" ("small castle"). In 963, this place became a property of Siegfried I, a close relative of the Emperors of Germany and Kings of France. Siegfried built a castle, not far from the "Lucilinburhuc" castle, on a rocky cliff called the "Bock" (). This place is now considered the birthplace of the city, the country and the nation. In 1994 UNESCO named the Old Quarters and Fortifications a World Heritage Site. Geography. The city of Luxembourg has an area of , about 2% of the territory of the whole country. The altitude varies between high (Beggen, Bastogne street) and high (Dommeldange); it is high at the centre of the city. Luxembourg's climate is on the boundary of oceanic ("Cfb" in the Koeppen climate classification) and humid continental ("Dfb") climates. Population. , there are 115,227 persons living in the "commune", for a population density of inhabitants/km². Vacuum cleaner A vacuum cleaner is a device that cleans dust and dirt from floors. Sometimes it is just called a "vacuum" because it uses the force of a vacuum to suck dirt into a large chamber from which it can be dumped into the garbage. In the 1920s, an Ohio janitor named James Murray Spangler created a carpet sweeping contraption out of a soap box, a broom handle, a pillow case, and an electric motor. He then began to sell his machine to local housewives. The first plastic vacuum cleaner was produced in the 1930s, and the precursor to modern central vac systems was created in 1952 by the Hoover Company, whose name was now synonymous with “vacuuming”. By the 1960s, vacuum cleaners were much more lightweight and easy to use. There are several types of vacuum cleaners: TV Tokyo TV Tokyo is a television station in Tokyo, Japan. It is also known as "Teleto," a portmanteau of "terebi," the Japanese word for "television," and "Tokyo." Its main owner is Nihon Keizai Shimbun. TV Tokyo is the smallest of the major Tokyo TV networks. Drawer A drawer is a piece of furniture for storage. They are usually very short and wide and are part of a chest of drawers, where lots of drawers are stacked. Most have handles or knobs so they can be pulled out. Chest of drawers A chest of drawers (also called a dresser) is a piece of furniture. It is made of lots of horizontal drawers. Chests of drawers are usually used for storing clothing, such as underwear and socks. Puzzle A puzzle is a problem to make the user think. They are often used for entertainment and can help logic skills. The user may need to recognise patterns to solve it, so those who have good logic are usually good with puzzles. Puzzles, such as wordsearches, crosswords and Sudoku grids, are printed in newspapers and magazines, but puzzles can be with objects or even on a computer screen. On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS), also known as Sloane's, is a large searchable database. It is on the Web, and it contains number sequences, like the Fibonacci numbers or the powers of two. It contains over 270,000 sequences. This makes it the largest database of its kind. Each entry contains the leading terms of the sequence, keywords, mathematical motivations, literature links. It also includes the option to generate a graph or play a musical representation of the sequence. The database can be searched by keyword and by subsequence. For instance, it is possible to search for all sequences with both 15 and 118. Ramanujan prime In mathematics, a Ramanujan prime is a prime number that satisfies a result proven by Srinivasa Ramanujan. It relates to the prime counting function. Origins and definition. In 1919, Ramanujan published a new proof of Bertrand's postulate (which had already been proven by Pafnuty Chebyshev). Ramanujan's result at the end of the paper was: where formula_2"(x)" is the prime counting function. The prime counting function is the number of primes less than or equal to "x". The numbers 2, 11, 17, 29, 41 are first few Ramanujan primes. In other words: Ramanujan primes are the integers "Rn" that are the smallest to satisfy the condition Prime counting function In mathematics, the prime counting function is the function counting the number of prime numbers less than or equal to some real number "x". It is written as formula_1, but it is not related to the number π. Some key values of the function include formula_2, formula_3 and formula_4. In general, if formula_5stands for the "n"-th prime number, then formula_6. Bertrand's postulate Bertrand's postulate states that if "n" > 3 is an integer, then there always exists at least one prime number "p" with "n" < "p" < 2"n" − 2. This statement was first made in 1845 by Joseph Bertrand. Bertrand verified his statement for all numbers in the interval [2, 3 × 106]. His statement was completely proven by Pafnuty Chebyshev in 1850. For this reason, the postulate is also called the Bertrand-Chebyshev theorem or Chebyshev's theorem. Srinivasa Ramanujan gave a simpler proof. Ramanujan later used that proof when he discovered Ramanujan primes. In 1932, Paul Erdős published a simpler proof using the Chebyshev function θ("x"). Paul Erdős Paul Erdős, also Pál Erdős, in English Paul Erdos or Paul Erdös (March 26, 1913 – September 20, 1996), was a famous Hungarian-born mathematician. He worked with hundreds of mathematicians on problems in combinatorics, graph theory, number theory, classical analysis, approximation theory, set theory, and probability theory. Erdős number. Because he wrote so many articles, friends created Erdős number. Erdős has a number of 0 (for being himself), and his direct collaborators were given the number 1. Their collaborators were given a number of 2, an so on. The Erdős number was most likely first defined by Casper Goffman, a mathematician whose Erdős number is 1. Erdős number The Erdős number () honors the Hungarian mathematician Paul Erdős. Erdős was one of the most prolific mathematical writers. He worked with many mathematicians. Paul Erdős's number is 0. Anyone who directly worked with Paul Erdős has an Erdős number of 1. Anyone who works with those collaborators who have an Erdős number of 1, has an Erdős number of 2. The chain continues like that. John Morrison (wrestler) John Randall Hennigan (born October 3, 1979) is an American professional wrestler. He is currently working on the independent circuit. He is best known for working for World Wrestling Entertainment under the ring names John Morrison and Johnny Nitro. Personal life. Hennigan grew up in Los Angeles, California with his two younger sisters, Kelly and Elise. Hennigan once dated wrestler Melina Perez. The characters they play on television started in a relationship. They met while trying to be a part of the television program "Tough Enough III". Hennigan was made a part of the program, Perez was not. Candice Michelle Candice Michelle Beckman-Ehrlich (born September 30, 1978 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is an American professional wrestler, actress, and model. She is better known as Candice Michelle or just Candice. Beckman is best known for wrestling for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). World Wrestling Entertainment. Candice Michelle came to WWE as a contestant in the 2004 Diva Search. Although she did not win, WWE hired her anyway. At first, Candice Michelle did not have much to do on the program. Over the next several years, she was trained as a wrestler and started doing more work. She was mainly used in unusual matches. For example, "Bra and panties matches" are matches where the winner is the person removes the other persons clothing leaving them wearing only their bra and panties. At the "Vengeance" PPV on June 24, she defeated Melina to win the WWE Women's Title for the first time. Michelle was released from her WWE contract on June 19, 2009. Personal life. Candice married Dr. Ken Gee Ehrlich, a West Los Angeles chiropractor on May 7, 2005. Media. During Candice's career, she has been in many television series, magazine pictorials, fashion shows, and movies. She has been in the movies ""(as a dancer), "Confessions of a Dangerous Mind", "High Crimes", and "Horrorween". In television, she has been on "Party of Five", "The Man Show", "Playboy TV's Totally Busted", "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno", and "Monk". Her most notable appearance was her appearance on "Hotel Erotica". She has also posed nude for several magazines including "Playboy". She is also the spokesperson for the internet company GoDaddy.com. Star of David The Star of David (Hebrew:מָגֵן דָּוִד, or Māġēn Dāwīd, pronounced [] in ancient Hebrew, and [] in Modern Hebrew) is a Jewish symbol. It is named after King David of Israel and it is very famous. The star consists of a triangle, overlapped by another, "upside-down" triangle. It is unknown how this came to be a symbol of Judaism, but it was first used in the Middle Ages. It is used on the flag of Israel, and was used by German National Socialists to identify Jews. Takao Takao may mean: Belz Great Synagogue The Belz Beis HaMedrash HaGadol (in Yiddish: בעלזא בית המדרש הגדול - "The Belz Grand Synagogue) is one of the largest synagogues in Jerusalem. It was built by the Belz Hasidic Jews, with help from their supporters and admirers around the world. In the 1980s, Rabbi Yissachar Dov Rokeach (II) of Belz made plans for the huge synagogue to be built in the Kiryat Belz part of Jerusalem. Samson (band) Samson was a British heavy metal band between 1977 and 2002. It was considered a part of the New Wave of British Heavy Metal. Its first album, "Survivors", received good reviews. This made the band more popular. Iron Maiden lead singer Bruce Dickinson was in the band before he joined Iron Maiden. Dickinson went by the name "Bruce Bruce" while he was in Samson. The band kept making music until 2002, when guitarist Paul Samson, who started the band, died of cancer. Thornton Heath Thornton Heath is a town in the London Borough of Croydon, south London. There is a new leisure centre in Thornton Heath and there is a train station and a lot of bus routes. There are a lot of shops like Sainsbury's and Tesco. Stamford Bridge (stadium) Stamford Bridge is the home of Premier League club Chelsea F.C.. It is located in Fulham in southwest London. It was built for Fulham Football Club, who turned it down for money reasons, so Chelsea was created and decided to play at the ground. It currently holds a capacity of 41,631 seats. It is one of the oldest football stadiums in the world, being opened in 1877. It was renovated in 1998 Freeganism The word "freeganism" (person: freegan; related: freecycling) means to get things for free rather than buy those items. A "freegan" is a person who does not like to pay for things, but does not steal either. Freegans like to find things that other people throw away that are still useful. People often throw things away that are not used up or broken. Sometimes they throw things away because they are bored of them and like to shop for new things. Freegans look through other people's rubbish bins and take what they can use, to the point of dumpster diving. This can be good for the environment, because no energy is used to make new things, in those cases. However, some cities have rules about taking things out of the rubbish, and freegans can get in trouble for this. The name "freegan" rhymes with "vegan". It combines the words "free" and "vegan". Freegans are not necessarily vegans. British Board of Film Classification The British Board of Film Classification is the organisation responsible for movie and some video game classification in the United Kingdom. The rating system can help parents decide which movies their children should not watch and what video games they should not play. It is based in London. It was formed in 1912 as the British Board of Film Censors; its name was changed in 1985. Ratings. There are seven ratings: Electrology Electrology is an electrical process to remove human hair so that it does not grow back. An electrologist is sometimes called an electrolysist in the United Kingdom. The process of removing the hair is referred to as electrolysis. The electrolysist slides a thin metal probe into each hair follicle. This, if done the right way, does not hurt the skin. Electricity flows to the follicle through the probe. This causes damage to the areas that grow hair so that it does not grow back. Film rating systems Many countries have a film rating system to help parents determine which movies their children can watch. The systems usually use age to rate the movies. United Kingdom. The United Kingdom use the British Board of Film Classification film rating system. United States. The United States use the Motion Picture Association of America film rating system. Australia. Australia uses the Australian Classification Board film rating system. Canada. Canada uses the Canadian Home Video Rating System. Japan. Japan uses the Eirin. Ukraine. Ukraine uses the Ukrainian State Film Agency film rating system. Eve Ensler Eve Ensler (born May 25, 1953) is an American playwright and feminist activist. She is best known for the play "The Vagina Monologues". Ensler was born in New York City to a Christian mother and Jewish father. She graduated from Middlebury College in 1975. She married Richard McDermott in 1978 and divorced in 1988. She is the adoptive mother of actor Dylan McDermott. She adopted him when he was 18 and she was 26. In 2010, she said that she was being treated for uterine cancer. Brat The word Brat has several meanings: It can be an acronym for: Roger Pearson Roger Pearson (born 21 August 1927, in London) is a British writer and publisher. He is also the editor of some journals published by The Institute for the Study of Man. Colorado Springs, Colorado Colorado Springs is a city in Colorado, United States. With 369,815 people, it is the second largest city in Colorado and the 49th largest in the United States. It is also the county seat of El Paso County. It is the headquarters of Focus on the Family, which is a Christian group, and the United States Air Force Academy. Tourist attractions like Pikes Peak, Garden of the Gods the Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Seven Falls, Manitou Springs, the Broadmoor Hotel and the Air Force Academy are also in the city and its surrounding area. Janice Raymond Janice G. Raymond (born January 24, 1943) is an American feminist activist. She is known for her work against violence, sexual exploitation and the "medical abuse" of women. She is also known for her writings and activism against transsexualism. She is retired professor of women's studies and medical ethics at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst. She has published many articles on prostitution and sex trafficking. She lectures around the world on many of these topics through Coalition Against Trafficking in Women. Career. In 1979 her first book, "The Transsexual Empire", was published. In the book Raymond said that all transsexuals rape women's bodies. The book has been called hate speech against transgender people. In 1993 her most recent book, "Women as Wombs: Reproductive Technologies and the Battle over Women’s Freedom" was published. Raymond has received grants from the U.S. Department of State, the U.S. National Institute of Justice, the Ford Foundation, the United States Information Agency, the National Science Foundation, the Norwegian Organization for Research and Development (NORAD), and UNESCO. Personal life. Raymond graduated from Salve Regina College in 1965. She got her Masters in Religious Studies from Andover Newton Theological School in 1971. She graduated from Boston College in 1977. Janice Raymond is a former member of the Sisters of Mercy. She later left the convent. She is now an open lesbian. Energy efficiency Energy efficiency is using less energy to provide the same level of energy service. An example would be insulating a home to use less heating and cooling energy to achieve the same temperature. Another example would be installing fluorescent lights and/or skylights instead of incandescent bulbs to attain the same level of illumination. So efficient energy use is achieved primarily by means of a more efficient technology rather than by changes in individual behaviour. Energy conservation is using less energy to achieve a lesser energy service, and usually involves a change in behavior. Examples would be heating a room less in winter, or driving less, or working in a less brightly lit room. As with other definitions, the boundary between efficient energy use and energy conservation can be fuzzy, but both are important in environmental and economic terms. This is especially the case when actions are directed at the saving of fossil fuels. Tulsa, Oklahoma Tulsa is the second largest city in Oklahoma, United States. There are 387,807 people living in Tulsa. It is the 47th largest city in the United States. It is the county seat of Tulsa County; and the most densely populated county in Oklahoma. Tulsa has 563,299 people living in it. Anchorage, Alaska Anchorage is the largest city in Alaska, United States. With a population of 285,634 residents, it makes up more than two-fifths of the state's population. History. Anchorage was originally a construction camp during the building of the Alaska Railroad. By 1920 it had grown to the point where it was decided to officially make it a city. Being at the head of Cook Inlet it became an important place for shipping in Alaska because ships could load and unload cargo to and from the new railroad. In the 1940 an both the army and the air force built bases near Anchorage, and it got even bigger. In 1964 Anchorage was hit by the Good Friday Earthquake, the second strongest earthquake ever recorded. Over a hundred people died and a lot of buildings in and around Anchorage were destroyed. Over the next few years a lot of work went into rebuilding the city and making the buildings better in case there was another earthquake. In 1968 oil was discovered up in the Arctic region of Alaska, and Anchorage again got bigger quickly and merged with other towns in the area. Today it is a modern city with a very large international airport, a large sea port that is very busy, and all the other things you would expect to find in a big city. Utilities. Water for the city comes from Eklutna Lake. The city's electricity comes from power plants in the city and from a dam also fed by Eklutna Lake. Heat for homes comes from natural gas provided by Enstar Natural Gas Company. Climate. Anchorage has a subarctic climate ("Dfc" in the Köppen climate classification). Boundary Peak Boundary Peak is a mountain, (or "peak"), in the southwestern U.S. State of Nevada. The county is Esmeralda. It is the highest point in Nevada. It is less than two miles from the Cal/Nev state line, which is why it is called "Boundary Peak". Boundary Peak is tall, and the closest town is Dyer, a famous ghost town. Skopje Skopje (Macedonian: Скопје; transcribed "Skopje") is the capital and the largest city of North Macedonia. The city is the administrative, cultural, economic and academic centre of the country. In the past, the city has been known by various names such as: "Üsküp" (Turkish) or "Skoplje" (Serbo-Croatian). The city has been build upon the ancient city of Scupi. In 2002, the city had population of 506,926 citizens. Geography. Skopje is in the north of North Macedonia. Through the city flows the river Vardar, the biggest river in North Macedonia. Skopje is located on 255 metres above the sea level and it coves 1, 854 km² or 715.8 sq mi. Northern of the city is the mountain Skopska Crna Gora and on the south is the mountain Vodno. Administrative divisions of the city. The city of Skopje is administratively divided into 10 municipalities, of which one is the whole city named Greater Skopje. The city is part of the Skopje statistical region in North Macedonia. 1 . Centar 2 . Gazi Baba 3 . Aerodrom 4 . Čair 5 . Kisela Voda 6 . Butel 7 . Šuto Orizari 8 . Karpoš 9 . Gjorče Petrov 10 . Saraj Sister and partner cities. Skopje is twinned with: Norwegian Dawn The Norwegian Dawn is a cruise ship that began sailing in 2002 and is currently in operation with Norwegian Cruise Line. History. The "Norwegian Dawn" was ordered from shipbuilders Meyer-Werft, Papenburg, Germany. It was delivered in 2001 to Star Cruises. But, it was decided by Star Cruises that "SuperStar Libra" and "SuperStar Scorpio" would start being used as part of the fleet operated by subsidiary company Norwegian Cruise Line. These vessels would become "Norwegian Star" and "Norwegian Dawn". In 2002, "Norwegian Dawn" was delivered to NCL. It is the second SuperStar. Cruises. The "Norwegian Dawn" sails from New York City to Port Canaveral, Florida; Miami, Florida; Nassau, Bahamas; and Great Stirrup Cay. Lea Fastow Lea Weingarten Fastow (born December 1961) is the wife of former Enron executive and felon Andrew Fastow, and is the second former Enron executive to go to prison after Enron collapsed due to fraud in December 2001. Fastow was born in Houston, Texas, born to a Jewish family. Her family had grocery store chain and Weingarten Realty Investors WRI. She graduated from Tufts University, where she met her husband. She earned an MBA at Northwestern University. She was married in 1984. Together Andrew and Lea have two children. Lawrence Higby Lawrence M. Higby is an American businessman and political activist. Higby is the former assistant of the White House Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman during the Nixon Administration. He later went on to become CEO of home medical equipment company Apria. Up until 2005, Higby led a group of rich Republicans called the New Majority PAC. Endorsement test The endorsement test was proposed by Sandra Day O'Connor, a member of the United States Supreme Court. She suggested it in her judgment in a lawsuit called Lynch v. Donnelly in 1984. The endorsement test is a question that you can ask if you think that the government is doing something in favor of religion. According to the United States Constitution, the government cannot endorse any particular religion, and cannot endorse religion in general. The test asks: is the government doing something that makes people "think "that the government endorses religion? If so, that government act may not be allowed under the Constitution. Terry Rakolta Terry Rakolta (born September 18, 1943) is an American homemaker and activist who led an unsuccessful boycott against the Fox Broadcasting Company sitcom "Married... with Children" Rakolta currently lives in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. Rakolta later founded Americans for Responsible Television to fight against other shows deemed offensive by the organization, including shows by Phil Donahue and Howard Stern. Snake River The Snake River is a river in the U.S. states of Wyoming, Idaho, Washington and Oregon. It is a tributary of the Columbia River. The river rises in western Wyoming, and flows through the Snake River Plain in Idaho. It turns north, forming the border with Oregon and Idaho, and the border with Washington and Idaho. At Lewiston it turns west and flows through Washington to the Columbia River. The Shoshone and Nez Perce Indians lived on the Snake River. The Lewis and Clark Expedition was the first American expedition to sight the Snake River. The river later was part of the Oregon Trail. Many pioneers traveled down the river to settle in the fertile Willamette Valley in Oregon. There are fifteen dams on the Snake River. Some are for hydropower, some for irrigation, and some for navigation. Mount Hood Mount Hood is a dormant volcano, called Wy'east by the Multnomah tribe. It is in the U.S. state of Oregon, about 50 miles (80 kilometers) southeast of Portland. It is described as a "potentially active" stratovolcano. The volcano is high. It is the highest point in Oregon. There are several ski resorts on Mount Hood. There are 12 glaciers. Each year, runners race on foot between Mount Hood and the Pacific Ocean in the "Hood to Coast Relay." Crater Lake Crater Lake is a caldera lake in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is the main attraction of Crater Lake National Park. It is famous for its blue color and clear water. The lake partly fills a nearly deep caldera. The volcanic crater was formed by the collapse of the volcano, Mount Mazama, about 7,500 years ago. There are no rivers flowing into or out of the lake. The evaporation is compensated for by rain and snowfall at a rate such that the total amount of water is replaced every 250 years. In 1853, miner John Wesley Hillman made the first recorded visit to the lake. He named the lake "Deep Blue Lake". The lake was renamed at least three times, as Blue Lake, Lake Majesty, and finally Crater Lake. Crater Lake is known for its famous piece of driftwood, named the "Old Man of the Lake". It is a tree that has been moving up and down in the water for more than 100 years. The lake water is cold, so the tree is well preserved. Originally, fish did not live in the lake. However, people stocked the lake with different kinds of fish between 1888 and 1941. Several species of fish still live in the lake. Dimensions and depth. Crater Lake is in Klamath County. The lake is about northwest of the county seat of Klamath Falls, and about northeast of Medford. The lake has an average depth of . Its maximum depth is . The depth changes slightly as the weather changes. On the basis of maximum depth, Crater Lake is the deepest lake in the United States. It is the second deepest in North America, after Great Slave Lake in Canada. Crater Lake is also the ninth deepest lake in the world. However, on the basis of comparing average depths among the world's deepest lakes, Crater Lake is the third deepest in the world. The caldera rim of Crater Lake ranges in elevation from . Geology. Mount Mazama is part of the Cascade Range island arc. It was built up over a period of at least 400,000 years. The caldera was created in a massive volcanic eruption. That led to the lowering of Mount Mazama around 5700 BC. Since that time, all eruptions on Mazama are limited to the caldera. Lava eruptions later created a central platform, called Wizard Island. Sediments and material from landslides also covered the caldera floor. Eventually, the caldera cooled. That allowed rain and snow to form a lake. Fumaroles and hot springs remained common and active during this period. Also after some time, the slopes of the lake's caldera rim more or less stabilized. Streams restored a radial drainage pattern on the mountain, and forests began to cover the landscape. It is estimated that it took about 720 years to fill the lake to its present depth of 594 m. Much of this happened during a period when the climate was drier than it is now. Some hydrothermal activity remains along the lake floor. That means that at some time in the future Mazama may erupt once again. Water quality. The waters of Crater Lake are some of the purest in North America. The water shows almost no pollution. There are several reasons, but the most significant is that the lake has no rivers or tributaries coming into it. Clarity readings have always been in the high-20 meter to mid-30 meter (80–115 ft) range. That is very clear for any natural body of water. In 1997, scientists recorded a record clarity of 43.3 meters (142 ft). The lake has relatively high levels of dissolved salts. The average pH has generally ranged between 7 and 8. Sacred significance. The Klamath tribe of Native Americans have long thought of the lake as a sacred site. Their legends tell of a battle between the sky god Skell and Llao, the god of the underworld. Mount Mazama was destroyed in the battle. That resulted in the creation of Crater Lake. The Klamath people used Crater Lake in vision quests. The Klamath believed those who were successful in such quests had more spiritual powers. The tribe still holds Crater Lake in high regard as a spiritual site. Related pages. Crater Lake National Park Driftwood Driftwood is wood that has been washed onto the shore of a sea, river, or lake by winds, tides, waves or man. In some waterfront areas, driftwood is a major nuisance. However, the driftwood provides shelter and food for birds, fish and other aquatic species as it floats in the ocean. Gribbles, shipworms and bacteria decompose the wood and gradually turn it into nutrients that are reintroduced to the food web. Sometimes, the partially decomposed wood washes ashore, where it also shelters birds, plants, and other species. Driftwood can become the foundation for sand dunes. Driftwood can be: In history. According to Norse mythology, the first humans, Ask and Embla, were formed out of two pieces of driftwood, an ash and an elm, by the god Odin and his brothers, Ve and Vili. Driftwood carried by Arctic rivers was the main, or sometimes only, source of wood for some Inuit and other Arctic populations living north of the tree-line until they came into regular contact with European traders. Many people use driftwood as parts of decorative furniture or other art forms, and it is a popular element in the scenery of fish tanks. List of United States cities by population The following is a list of incorporated places with the most people living in them in the United States. The United States Census Bureau says an "incorporated place" can have many names, such as city, town, village, borough, and municipality. A few special census-designated places (CDPs) are also in the Census Bureau's list of incorporated places. Consolidated city-counties are a type of place that includes all of a county, or something like it with a different name. Some consolidated city-counties, however, include more than one incorporated place. This list presents only that part (or "balance") of such consolidated city-counties that are not a part of another incorporated place. 50 states and the District of Columbia. The table below lists the 331 incorporated places in the United States with more than 100,000 people living in them on July 1, 2021, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau. A city is displayed in bold if it is a state or federal capital city, and in "italics" if it is the city with the most people of the state. Five states—Delaware, Maine, Vermont, West Virginia and Wyoming—do not have cities with more than 100,000 people living in them. The table below shows the following things: Puerto Rico. The table below lists the five municipalities ("municipios") of Puerto Rico with more than 100,000 people living in them on July 1, 2020, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau. The table below contains the following information: Cities that used to have 100,000 people. The table below lists U.S. cities that, in past censuses, have had more than 100,000 people living in them, but do not anymore. The table below contains the following information: What Not to Wear What Not to Wear is a makeover reality show that is aired on the BBC. The reality show is now presented by Mica Paris and Lisa Butcher, but before them, it was presented by the fashion experts Trinny Woodall and Susannah Constantine. On every episode of the show, there is a makeover of a man or woman who is very unfashionable. The person who is having the makeover is given £2000/$5000 to go shopping and buy new fashionable clothes with the two hosts who give them advice. The makeover helps the person to have a better appearance and be more fashionable. Public figure A public figure is a legal term applied in the context of defamation actions (libel and slander), as well as invasion of privacy. A public figure (such as a politician, musician, celebrity, or business leader) cannot base a lawsuit on incorrect harmful statements unless there is proof that the writer or publisher acted with malice (knowledge or reckless disregard for the truth). The burden of proof is higher in the case of a public figure. Elm Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees, found throughout the Northern Hemisphere from Siberia to Indonesia, Mexico to Japan. They have alternate, simple, single- or doubly-serrate leaves, usually asymmetric at the base and sharply pointed at the tip. Elms are hermaphroditic, having perfect flowers, and which, being wind-pollinated, are without petals. The fruit is a round samara. Elms take many decades to grow to maturity. ELM Elm could mean: To people: Governor of Massachusetts Just like the other 49 American states, Massachusetts has its own governor. The current governor is Charlie Baker. He is a member of the Republican Party. The first governor of Massachusetts was John Hancock. Commonwealth of Massachusetts: 1780–present. This is a complete list of governors of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Acting governors, denoted as "A" instead of numbered, are included when the Governor resigned or died. Acting governors show a vacancy in the lieutenant governorship. They remain as Lieutenant Governors and merely "act" as governor. Lieutenant governors in Massachusetts do not ascend to the governorship upon death or resignation of their predecessor. Produce Produce means fruits and vegetables. At a grocery store, the area selling fruits and vegetables is usually called the produce section. Also, people use a produce scale to weigh their fruits and vegetables. Highway Highway is a word used to describe roads made for travel by the public between important places, such as cities, towns and landmarks. The word highway can also be different between countries, and can mean a road, freeway, superhighway, autoroute, autobahn, parkway, expressway, autostrasse, autostrada, byway, or motorway. Highways come in many different designs. They can include many lanes of traffic, a median (strip of lane or barrier) between lanes of opposing traffic, and access control (ramps and bridges). Highways can also be as simple as a two-lane road. In many countries, these roads are numbered to easily tell them apart. These numbered highways are usually called routes. The United States includes a system called the Interstate Highway system, controlled by AASHTO, where major north/south routes are odd numbered and east/west are even numbered. In Canada, routes that are in the 400s are freeways. In China, types of routes are separated by the first letter of the route; "G" for national road, "S" for provincial road and "Y" for rural roads. Highways are sometimes criticised because of the pollution cars make when driving highways. When too many cars travel along a highway, traffic slows down; this is known as a traffic jam. Public transportation (such as buses) and special lanes for those who have a given number of people in a car are used to help stop these problems. Beverly Cleary Beverly Atlee Cleary (née Bunn; April 12, 1916March 25, 2021) was an American children's writer. She was the author of over 80 books for young adults and children. Her characters are normal children facing challenges of growing up, and her stories are filled with humour. Some of her best known and loved characters are Ramona Quimby and her sister Beatrice ("Beezus"), Henry Huggins, Ralph S. Mouse, and Ribsy. Biography. Beverly Cleary was born Beverly Atlee Bunn in McMinnville, Oregon. When she was 6, her family moved to Portland, Oregon, where she went to grammar and high school. She was slow in learning to read, partly because she did not like the books the school wanted her to read, and partly due to an unkind first grade teacher. It was not until she was in third grade that she found enjoyment from books, when she started reading "The Dutch Twins" by Lucy Fitch Perkins. From then on, she visited the library often, though she rarely found the books she most wanted to read — those about children like herself. In 1934, she moved to Ontario, California to attend Chaffey College, from which she earned an Associate of Arts diploma. She then moved to Berkeley to major in English at the University of California. After graduating with a B.A in English in 1938, she studied at the School of Librarianship at the University of Washington in Seattle, where she earned a degree in librarianship in 1939. Her first job was as a librarian in Yakima, Washington, where she met many children who were looking for the same books that she had always hoped to find as a child herself. In response, she wrote her first book, "Henry Huggins," which was published in 1950. "Beezus and Ramona", Cleary's first novel to feature the Quimby sisters as the central focus of the story, was published in 1955, although Beezus and Ramona made frequent appearances in the Henry Huggins series as supporting characters. In 1940 she married Clarence T. Cleary and they moved to Oakland, California. The Clearys became parents to a set of twins, Marianne Elisabeth and Malcolm James, in 1955. Clarence Cleary died in 2004. Beverly Cleary currently lives in Carmel, California. She also wrote two autobiographies, "A Girl from Yamhill" and "My Own Two Feet". Cleary celebrated her 100th birthday on April 12, 2016. On March 25, 2021, Cleary died in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, 18 days before her 105th birthday. Career. Her books are available in 14 languages in over 20 countries. She has won many awards, including the 1984 Newbery Medal for her book "Dear Mr. Henshaw" and the Laura Ingalls Wilder Award in 1975. Cleary received the Library of Congress "Living Legends" award in the "Writers and Artists" category in April 2000 for her major contributions to America's cultural heritage. Honors. The Hollywood location of the Multnomah County library, near where she lived as a child, has created a map on their lobby wall of Henry Huggins' Klickitat Street neighborhood. Statues of her beloved characters Ramona, Henry Huggins, and the Huggins' dog Ribsy can be found in Grant Park in Portland, Oregon. In 2004, the University of Washington's Information School completed fundraising for a Beverly Cleary Endowed Chair for Children and Youth Services to remember her work and commitment to librarianship. She has a dorm at University of California, Berkeley named after her. London, Ontario London, Ontario is a large city exactly halfway between Detroit, Michigan and Toronto, Ontario. It is also the home of the University of Western Ontario. With a population of 457,720 it is the seat of Middlesex County. It is an hour and a half drive from Sarnia, Ontario and an hour drive from Forest, Ontario. Media. CFPL 980 CJBK 1290 Amy Winehouse Amy Jade Winehouse (14 September 1983 – 23 July 2011) was an English jazz, soul and R&B singer and songwriter. She debuted with the well-received album "Frank" in 2003. Winehouse won five Grammy Awards for her 2006 album "Back to Black". This made her the first British female to win five Grammys. Winehouse had many uncles who were jazz musicians, and she was interested in jazz from a young age. She named her first album after Frank Sinatra. Her music was also influenced by girl groups of the 1960s. Early life. Amy Jade Winehouse was born to Jewish parents Janis and Mitch Winehouse. She was given her first guitar when she was 13 years old. When she was 14 she started writing songs. She’d often write music about her day to day experiences in a book given to her by father. It was later revealed that she used some of the songs she wrote as a teenager on her debut album Frank She went to Sylvia Young Theatre School and the BRIT School. Both schools have very notable alumni including soul-singer Adele and X-Factor contestant, Leona Lewis Career. On 20 October 2003 Winehouse's first album "Frank" was released. She won an Ivor Novello Award for it. On 30 October 2006 her second album "Back to Black" was released. Five singles were released from the album. The first single "Rehab" spent 57 weeks in the UK Singles Chart. It won Record of the Year, Song of the Year, and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 2008 Grammy Awards. Winehouse sung on Mutya Buena's 2007 single "B Boy Baby". Winehouse performed at Nelson Mandela's 90th Birthday Party concert at London's Hyde Park on 27 June 2008. The next day she performed at the Glastonbury Festival. In 2011 "Lioness: Hidden Treasures", a collection of Winehouse's unreleased songs, was released. It reached No.1 in the UK Albums Chart. Winehouse sung on the song "Cherry Wine" on Nas' 2012 album "Life Is Good". Personal life. She married Blake Fielder-Civil in 2007. They had legal troubles that resulted in criminal convictions for both of them. He was sent to prison. They divorced in 2009. Death and legacy. She was found dead her flat in Camden, north London, on the afternoon by accidental alcohol poisoning in July 23, 2011 after years of drug and alcohol addiction. This made her a member of the 27 Club, a group of popular musicians who have died at that age, often due to drug or alcohol abuse. After Winehouse's death her dad published a book about her life called "Amy: My Daughter". All of the money made from the book was given to the Amy Winehouse Foundation. Canuck "Canuck" is a slang term for Canadian people. History. The term was first used in the 19th century, although its etymology (origin) is not clear. Some possibilities are: Meaning. The Random House Dictionary says that: "The term Canuck is first recorded about 1835 as an Americanism, originally referring specifically to a French Canadian. This was probably the original meaning, though in Canada and other countries, Canuck now more often refers to any Canadian." Usage and examples. When "Canuck" is used by Canadians, the meaning is usually affectionate, friendly or patriotic. The history and use of the term include: The use of "Canuck" is similar to the use of some other potentially offensive nicknames. When it is used by the people it names – Canadians in this case – it is usually acceptable. But when it is used by an outsider it can be thought of as insulting one's heritage. Charles Kirk Clarke Charles Kirk Clarke (c. 1857 - January 20 1924) was a psychiatrist who had a big role in Canadian politics. He was born in Elora, Ontario, to a former parliamentarian. He went to college at the University of Toronto in 1879. He later went on to found the Canadian National Committee for Mental Hygiene. Clarke first practised psychiatry at the 999 Queen Street institution in Toronto. In 1880, then took a post at the Hamilton asylum. Life. Clarke was a student and brother-in-law of Joseph Workman, Superintendent of the Toronto Asylum. By 1905, Clarke had abandoned the movement, and many of the other leading psychiatrists would follow suit by the end of World War I, when it was clear that eugenic measures were not having the desired effects. The Internationale "The Internationale" (, ; , , , ) is a very well known communist, socialist, and social democratic/socialist song. While it was originally written in French, it was translated into many other languages, including English. The most famous versions, however, are those in Russian and Chinese. The French words, written by Eugene Pottier, were originally supposed to be sung to the tune of "La Marseillaise", but a separate tune was created for it by a Belgian named Pierre Degeyter. The Russian version, written by Arkady Yakolevich Kots () in 1902, was adopted as the national anthem of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR) in 1918 and as that of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (the Soviet Union) in 1922. It stayed like this until 1944, when it was replaced by the State Anthem of the Soviet Union written by Alexander Alexandrov. The Chinese lyrics were written by Qu Qiubai (). The song is known by its tune, and its chorus, which in French begins with "" (meaning "It's the final battle"). Performance. The song has been translated into over 100 languages, making it one of the most translated songs of all time. The song and its translations have been adopted and sung by communists all around the world. In communist countries, it is often sung not just in political party meetings, but also in official gatherings, schools, protests and many other situations. Hartley, Kent Hartley is a village in Kent, England. It is 6 miles south of Gravesend and Dartford. The old church is called All Saints. Hartley has many new buildings and some old houses, it now joins Longfield, the place in the north. In 2001 there were 5,395 persons living here. There are also woods and a farm near the houses. Most of the 2,145 houses in Hartley are owned by the persons who live in them. The name Hartley means "place in the wood where the deer are". It was a very small place, but now is like a town. No great events happened here, and not many famous persons lived in Hartley. Geology. In the Cretaceous time, much of England was under the sea. In the deep waters, the chalk of the North Downs of Kent was made. Then the sea made the clay which is over the chalk. Then the Ice Age froze the chalk and there were rivers which made the "dry valley" at Hartley Bottom. History. In the year 1086, 15 families and 3 slaves lived in Hartley. Before the Black Death (1348) about 150 persons lived here. 53 persons made tax payments in 1377, which means about 85 lived here then. In 1392 a paper tells us that there was a chief house, where a manager lived. He farmed land for the owner. This land was called Hartley Court. Other persons who owned land in Hartley, had to go to the court of the owner and do some other work for him. There was a fight at Hartley Wood in 1554, between supporters and opponents of Queen Mary I of England. Her supporters won. Hartley in 1650 was like the place in 1850, because almost all the buildings were there then. In 1770 the writer Edward Hasted said not many persons go to Hartley. Some buildings were made in the 1700s (like Hartley House and Yew Cottage). In 1841 there were 224 persons living in Hartley. Almost all worked on the farms. There was also a wheel maker, metal worker and drink sellers. The growth of Hartley started after the railway came to Longfield in 1876, and water by pipe came in 1902. Next two companies – Payne, Trapps and Co Ltd, and Small Owners Limited sold land for houses and small farms. After 1945 there were many new houses and roads. Stephanie McMahon Stephanie Marie McMahon-Levesque (born September 24, 1976), better known as Stephanie McMahon, is the "Executive Vice President of Talent and Creative Writing" for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). She is married to Paul "Triple H" Levesque. They have three daughters together. She is the daughter of WWE founder, Vince McMahon. She is the sister of Shane McMahon and daughter of Linda Mcmahon. Cienfuegos Cienfuegos is the capital city of the Cienfuegos province, Cuba. It has a population of about 150,000. Hartley Hartley could mean Gribble A gribble is any species of marine isopod from the family Limnoriidae. They are mostly pale white and small (1-4  mm long) crustaceans. The term gribble was originally used for the wood-boring species, especially the first species described from Norway by Rathke in 1799, "Limnoria lignorum". The Limnoriidae have species which bore into seaweed and sea grass, as well as wood borers. There are three genera, "Paralimnoria", "Limnoria" and "Lynseia". "Limnoria" has species in most seas. Those gribbles able to bore into living marine plants are thought to have evolved from a wood (dead plant) boring species. Gribbles bore into wood and plant material for food. The cellulose of wood is digested. The most destructive species are "Limnoria lignorum", "L. tripunctata" and "L. quadripunctata". According to an expert, they are the only animals able to make a cellulase to dissolve plant cell walls. Other animals that eat plant fibres make use of bacteria in their gut to produce the enzyme. Gribbles do not. This has led some biologists to think of biofuels. Veronica Veronica is a Latin name for females. Tuatara The Tuatara are reptiles which look like lizards. However, they are the only surviving member of an order of reptiles which flourished 200 million years ago. There is now only the genus Sphenodon, with two species of Tuatara. Both are endemic to (only live in) New Zealand. Lizards and snakes are the closest living relatives of the tuatara. Tuatara are green-brown, and measure up to 80 cm from head to the end of their tail. They have a spiny crest along the back: the Maori word "tuatara" refers to this. The crest is more pronounced in males. Tuatara are special in many ways. One of these is the pattern of their teeth. They have two rows of teeth in the upper jaw overlap one row on the lower jaw. This is unique among living species. Sense organs. Third 'eye'. Tuatara are also unusual because they have a third 'eye'. They have two normal eyes. The third eye is on top of their head, in between their other eyes. It does not see like a normal eye. The parietal eye, as it is called, is only visible in hatchlings. They have a translucent patch at the top centre of the skull. After four to six months this becomes covered with opaque scales and pigment. The function of the parietal eye is unknown, but it may be useful in absorbing ultraviolet rays to manufacture vitamin D. It may also do other things. Of all living tetrapods, the parietal eye is most obvious in this animal. The parietal eye is part of the pineal system. The animal's pineal gland secretes melatonin at night. Some salamanders use their pineal body to perceive polarised light, which helps navigation. Unlike lizards they have no eardrums or external male sexual organ. Hearing. Tuataras do not have ears, but they can hear. They have a number of unique features in their skeleton (bones), some of them shared through common descent with fish. Endangered species. The tuatara has been classified as an endangered species since 1895. The second species, "S. guntheri", was not discovered until 1989. Tuatara, like many of New Zealand's native animals, are threatened by habitat loss and the introduced Polynesian Rat "Rattus exulans". They were extinct on the mainland, with the remaining populations confined to 32 offshore islands, until the first mainland release into the heavily fenced and monitored Karori Wildlife Sanctuary in 2005. Dinosaur Jr Dinosaur Jr is an American rock band. The band was formed in 1984 in Massachusetts. The band stopped playing in 1997 but came back together in 2007. The people in the band right now are J Mascis, Lou Barlow and Murph. The band has recorded many albums over the years that were very important to rock music. Some of these albums are "You're Living All Over Me", "Green Mind" and "Beyond". The band is famous for J Mascis' good guitar sounds and his powerful guitar solos. Band Aid (band) Band Aid was a British and Irish charity music supergroup. It was started in 1984 by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure. The purpose was to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia by making the record "Do They Know It's Christmas?" The single was very successful. It was Number One on the music charts during Christmas. Two re-recordings of the song were done. They raised more money and also finished Number One on the charts. Band Aid II re-recorded the song in 1989, and Band Aid 20 did the same in 2004. Hüsker Dü Hüsker Dü was an American hardcore punk and later alternative rock band from the 1980s. The band formed in 1979 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The people in the band were Bob Mould who sang and played electric guitar, Greg Norton (later replaced by Enrique Peña Nieto) who played bass guitar and Grant Hart who sang and played drums. The band stopped playing together in 1987. The band's sound changed very much over the years they were together, but it was always very loud and powerful. The band began as a hardcore band. They played extremely loud and very fast and often screamed their vocals instead of singing. As time went on, the songs began to get slower and more melodic. By the time the band had stopped playing together, their music was no longer punk rock and had changed to alternative rock. Hüsker Dü always had more than one singer. This is because the band decided early in their time together that whoever wrote the lyrics of a song would sing that song. This meant that many of the songs were be very different from each other, but it also caused fights within the band. In 1987, the band stopped playing together because of these fights. Deir el Qamar Synagogue The Deir el Qamar Synagogue is a synagogue in Deir el Qamar, Lebanon; it is the oldest synagogue in Mount Lebanon. The synagogue was built in the seventeenth century to serve the local Jewish Lebanese population. Some of them were under the rule of Emir Fakhreddine II. Interstate 75 Interstate 75 (often shortened to 75) is an Interstate Highway in the midwest and southeastern United States that runs north and south. It travels from State Road 826 (Palmetto Expressway) and State Road 924 (Gratigny Parkway) in Hialeah, Florida (just west of Miami) to Sault St. Marie, Michigan, at the Ontario, Canada, border. The route is long. Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael applied the "Daubert" standard to expert testimony from non-scientists. Facts of the case. Patrick Carmichael was driving his minivan on July 6, 1993, when the right rear tire blew out. One of the passengers in the vehicle died, and others were severely injured. Three months later, the Carmichaels sued the manufacturer of the tire, claiming that the tire was defective and the defect caused the accident. The Carmichaels' case rested largely on testimony from a tire failure expert. The tire failure expert relied on features of tire technology that the manufacturer did not dispute, as well as background facts about the particular tire on the Carmichaels' van. The expert's conclusion that a defect in the tire caused the accident rested on certain observations about the tire that Kumho Tire vigorously disputed. Kumho also disagreed with certain aspects of the tire expert's methodology, and asked the federal district court hearing the case to exclude it under Rule 702 of the Federal Rules of Evidence. The district court took its cue from Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, which had solidified a gatekeeping role for trial judges in admitting expert testimony. Under Daubert, certain factors contribute to the reliability, and hence the admissibility, of expert testimony, one of which is the general validity of the expert's methods. The district court found the tire expert's methods not to be scientifically valid, and hence excluded his testimony. This meant that Kumho Tire would prevail. The Carmichaels appealed to the Eleventh Circuit. The Eleventh Circuit reversed the district court's ruling in favor of Kumho Tire. It reasoned that Daubert was expressly limited only to scientific expert testimony and did not apply to "skill- or experience-based observation." The tire expert's testimony rested on observation and experience, and so the Eleventh Circuit reasoned the district court should have made a different ruling based on Rule 702 without the Daubert gloss. Kumho Tire asked the Supreme Court to review whether Daubert applied solely to scientific evidence. Deodorant Deodorant is anything that takes away an odor, or bad smell. Often, it means something people put on their bodies so their sweat does not smell as bad. The most commonly used deodorants are for use on the armpits. These are also anti-perspirants because they reduce the production of sweat. There are deodorants for other places on the body as well. Deodorant can be sold in the form of sprays, bottles, or sticks that are rolled onto the body. Silesia Silesia (; ; ; Silesian: "Ślůnsk") is a historical region of Poland. Between 1742 – 1945, it was the eastern part of Germany and was a Prussian province. In 1945, all of Poland was occupied by the Soviet Red Army. In the following years, the communist occupant enacted laws that in effect chased away the remaining all owners. Geography. Silesia is along the upper and middle Oder River, upper Vistula River, and along the Sudetes Mountains and the Carpathian Mountains. The highest point of Silesia is the Śnieżka, in the Sudetes Mountains. Cities. Below is a list of cities in Silesia with a population of over 20,000 in 2015. Famous people. There are many famous people who were born in Silesia: Josh Holloway Josh Holloway (born July 20, 1969 in San Jose, California) is an American actor most known for his role as James "Sawyer" Ford on ABC's Emmy award-winning show "Lost". Levon Mkrtchyan Levon Mkrtchyan, (, ; born 25 February 1953, in Gyumri) is an Armenian movie director known for his documentaries "The Muses", "Paruyr Sevag", "Hovhannes Shiraz", "Mashtoc", "And There Was Light", "A Transcript for Independence", and many more. He studied in the Directing Department of the Yerevan Fine Arts and Theater Institute. In 1978, he released his debut short movie "The Muses". In 1984, he graduated from the Directing Department of VGIK in Moscow. Since 1978, he has shot thirty-three documentaries. He filmed and has an incredible archive about well known Armenians, including the only film footage on Hovhannes Shiraz, incredible footage on Charles Aznavour visiting Armenia after the 1988 earthquake, the funeral of William Saroyan. Levon Mkrtchyan continues his contribution to the Armenian people by making more documentaries about the well known Armenians.1993 The Armenian Kingdom of Kilikia Footage includes the President of France - Francois Mitterand The President of Armenia - Levon Ter-Petrosyan. “Hayk” Studio of Documental movies is currently working on a documentary about William Saroyan, dedicated to the renowned Armenian American writer’s 100th Anniversary. The director of the movie is Levon Mkrtchyan, an accomplished and famous Armenian movie director who is known for his biographical documentaries about people who have had a great impact in the history of the Armenian nation (Jansem, Hovhannes Shiraz, Davit Anhaght, "My Komitas"). The filming will take place in the United States where William Saroyan was born and has lived most of his life. Additional filming will take place in France, Turkey, Russia and Armenia. Mr. Mkrtchyan already has an original footage from William Saroyan’s funeral ceremony which has taken place in Armenia. The narration of the movie is going to be offered to Al Pacino. “Hayk” Studio of Documental movies will collaborate with producers in the United States, to bring this exceptional project to life. Filmography. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_uMokKYvkNE TV movies. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9LrzZQGJ_w https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O77oh_HyQIA Manuel Fraga Iribarne Manuel Fraga Iribarne (November 23, 1922 in Vilalba – January 15, 2012 in Madrid) was a Spanish and Galician politician. Fraga was a politician in Spain under Francisco Franco's dictatorial regime and in the democracy after Franco's death. He was the President of Galicia from 1990 to 2005 and governed the region strictly with a hard hand. He was loved by those who supported him, and loathed by his opponents. Galicia (Spain) Galicia or Galiza is a nationality in Spain that became a Spanish autonomous community in 1978. It is in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. It shares borders with Portugal to the South and the communities of Castile and León and Asturias to the east. History. Galicia is a green country with Celtic features. Since re-gaining autonomy in 1978, Galicia has been governed by the Xunta de Galicia (government of Galicia). Galicia was strictly governed from 1990 until 2005, during the Manuel Fraga years. The Xunta de Galicia was then under a socialist president Emilio Perez Touriño, who had made Galicia more liberal than ever before, until 2009. From March 2009 Partido Popular (right-wing party) won power and the new president is Alberto Núñez Feijoo, who won a second term as President in 2012. Language. Galicia has one main language:"Galician" "galego". It has many similarities with Portuguese. Galego and Portuguese have the same origin. Spanish is also spoken in Galicia, but mainly as a second language. Cuisine. Galicia is very famous for its fishing industry and seafood remains an important part of its cuisine. A very popular dish in Galicia is "polbo á feira", ("polbo" means octopus). There are many restaurants that serve seafood in Galicia. Bilirubin Bilirubin is a product that comes from the breakdown of haemoglobin. Its levels are higher in certain diseases and it causes the yellow color of bruises and the brown color of faeces. Its level usually measured to monitor liver or gallbladder problems. Nelly Furtado Nelly Kim Furtado (born December 2, 1978) is a Canadian singer-songwriter. Music. She can also play many musical instruments. She learned to play the trombone and the ukulele at the age of four. In later years, she learned to play the guitar and keyboard. She has released five albums. The first album was released in 2000 and was called "Whoa! Nelly". She become famous worldwide because the album was very popular. The first single released was "I'm Like a Bird" which earned her a Grammy Award. Her second album was "Folklore" released in 2003. It was not as popular as the previous album. Her third album in 2006 was "Loose" which spawned many hit songs including "Promiscuous", "Maneater", "Say It Right" and "All Good Things (Come to an End)". She then released a Spanish language album in 2009 titled "Mi Plan" and in 2010 released a greatest hits album. Her next English language album "The Spirit Indestructible" was released in 2012. Furtado's parents are Portuguese immigrants. She sings in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Family. On September 20, 2003, she gave birth to a daughter, Nevis. Biography. Her parents named her Nelly Kim in reference to Kazakh gymnastics champion Nellie Kim who won 5 gold medals (3 in 1976 and 2 in 1980) and 1 silver (in 1976) at the Olympic Games. She learned to play trombone, guitar and ukulele at the age of 9 and the synthesizer at age 11. Passionate about music from an early age, she knows from the age of 4 that she wants to become a singer. Nelly sang with her mother in a choir, especially during Portugal's National Day. As a teenager, she began to write songs and was part of a Portuguese fanfare. During this time, she listened to R & B, hip-hop, alternative rock, alternative hip-hop, trip hop, fado, bossa nova, Indian music and variety. The artists that Nelly loved (and influenced her) include: Jeff Buckley, Caetano Veloso, Jennifer Lopez, Amalia Rodrigues, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Cornershop, Maryh Blige, Mariah Carey, TLC, Digable Planets, De The Soul, Aaliyah, Radiohead, Oasis, The Smashing Pumpkins, The Verve, U2, Kylie Minogue, Beck. Anna Jurkiewicz Anna Jurkiewicz (born February 9, 1984 in Oświęcim, Poland) is a Polish figure skater. As a young girl, she was one of the best young skaters in the world. Then she had some health problems and was not able to skate. She returned in 2006 and has been competing internationally since autumn 2006. Exmoor Exmoor is a national park in England. The border of two counties, Devon and Somerset, runs through it. It is an area of sandstone hills which form tall cliffs on its north coast. The high ground of Exmoor is mostly rough grassland, but there are small woodlands on its lower slopes. In Exmoor is an important water reservoir, Wimbleball Lake. It is also famous for the Exmoor Pony. Barnstaple Barnstaple is a town in Devon, a county in South West England. 20,724 people live there. It is found west southwest of Bristol, north of Plymouth and northwest of the county town of Exeter. Bideford Bideford is a town in north Devon, a county in South West England. It is on the River Torridge. 14,407 people live there. It is a port, and its main export is clay. Tiverton Tiverton is a town in Mid Devon, Devon, England. In 2001, it had a population of 18,621. It was once a centre of lace making, but this industry has now declined. People have lived around the area since the Stone Age. There is a hillfort on a hill above the town. Roman fortifications have been found nearby. Persian Persian might mean: Torbay Torbay is a Unitary authority in England. 120,000 people live there. It is on the south coast and has over 20 beaches. Tourism is very important to the local economy. Torbay is not a town. Rather, it contains three towns (Torquay, Paignton and Brixham) and a few villages, the largest of which is Galmpton. Torbay was first created as a county borough in 1967, uniting the urban districts of its three towns. In 1974 it became a borough of Devon, its surrounding county. Then in 1993 It was given unitary authority status, having the powers of both a borough and a county. In 2007 a referendum led to the adoption of a directly elected Mayor. 391 391 was a common year. Beyond (album) Beyond is an album by the American alternative rock band Dinosaur Jr. It was released in April 2007. It was the band's first album since 1997's "Hand it Over". It was the first album since 1988's "Bug" to have all of the band's original members. The album is in the usual Dinosaur Jr style of very loud guitars with many skillful guitar solos. The album has been successful. It is generally well thought of by music critics. Mitt Romney Willard Mitt Romney (born March 12, 1947), usually called Mitt Romney, is an American businessman. Romney is the junior United States senator from Utah since January 3, 2019. He was the 70th Governor of Massachusetts serving from 2003 to 2007. He ran for the Republican Party nomination in the 2008 election, but lost the nomination to United States senator John McCain of Arizona. Romney would run again for the nomination only this time winning the nomination beating former Pennsylvania Senator Rick Santorum and former Speaker Newt Gingrich. His running mate was U.S. Representative Paul Ryan of Wisconsin. He ran against the incumbent President Barack Obama. He lost the election winning 206 of the electoral college to Obama's 332. In the aftermath of the election, Romney remained low in politics and in the 2016 presidential election, Romney was a critic of Donald Trump and would endorse former Governor Gary Johnson of the Libertarian Party. After the election of Trump, it was thought that Trump would pick Romney as Secretary of State, but the position went to businessman Rex Tillerson. After Utah Senator Orrin Hatch retired on February 16, 2018, Romney became a candidate for the United States senate in the 2018 election. In June 2018, Romney won the Republican nomination for the Senate seat. He won the general election in a landslide victory replacing retiring Senator Orrin Hatch. Early life. Romney was born in Detroit. His father, George Romney, was an auto executive and Governor of Michigan and his mother Lenore Romney, was an actress and politician. When Mitt was young, he served a Mormon mission in France. Romney graduated from Brigham Young University, in 1971, and later went to Harvard Business School and Harvard Law School. In the 1980s, Romney was one of the leaders of Bain Capital, a company that bought other companies and tried to make them more profitable. In 1994, Romney ran for the United States Senate against Ted Kennedy, but lost. Romney was in charge of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee, which helped run the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah. Romney took over the committee after a scandal where some people were being bribed. Career. After success with the Olympics, Romney became Governor of Massachusetts. While Governor, he was one of the supporters of Massachusetts' health care plan though he now opposes Barack Obama's health care plan. Both plans are very similar. He ran for President in 2008, but the Republican Party nominated John McCain instead. He ran again in 2012 and was nominated to be the main Republican candidate against President Barack Obama, but lost the election. Political life. 2012 presidential campaign. Beginning of the campaign. After winning the Republican Party presidential primaries in 2012, Mitt Romney took part of the United States presidential election. He won the primaries against its major rivals Ron Paul and Newt Gingrich. Right after his winning in the republican primaries and access to the 2012 presidential campaign, Mitt Romney has been critiqued by the Democratic Party (United States) for being part in the board of directors for the company Bain Capital Inc. from 1999 to 2002. During these three years, purchases of different companies by Bain Capital led to relocation of high-tech jobs in the United States to Mexico and China. In these uncertain economic times, this charge was unpopular with the average American. The Democratic Party (United States) also revealed with the help of the American Broadcasting Company that Mitt Romney has bank accounts in the Cayman Islands which would allow him to stare money over U.S. tax laws . About this guilt, Mitt Romney said during his campaign in New Hampshire :"{…} if there's an opportunity to save taxes, we like anybody else in this country will follow that opportunity.”. The first presidential TV debate. During the first televised debate of the presidential campaign, Mitt Romney accused President Obama of having plunged America into the deepest economic crisis since the 1930s. He also suggests that President Barack Obama had not met its promises during his presidential previous mandate like increase the real income of the average American family. Mitt Romney made a provision to which pleased many American citizens during the debate that allowed him to gain some points to national survey and even surpass Barack Obama in the voting intentions of Americans. The 47% story. After the first debate, an internet site named www.motherjones.com revealed on Monday September. 17, 2012 a YouTube video of Mitt Romney talking about some people of the United States who live at the expense of the state. In this video he said: "There are 47 percent of the people who will vote for the president no matter what. All right, there are 47 percent who are with him, who are dependent upon government, who believe that they are victims, who believe the government has a responsibility to care for them, who believe that they are entitled to health care, to food, to housing, to you-name-it -- that that's an entitlement. And the government should give it to them. And they will vote for this president no matter what. ... These are people who pay no income tax. ... [M]y job is not to worry about those people. I'll never convince them they should take personal responsibility and care for their lives." Conclusion of the 2012 presidential campaign. On the night of November 6, 2012, he announced that Barack Obama was re-elected as President of the United States of America and by extension Mitt Romney lost his chance to become president. He had received 206 votes against the 270 required to win. His niece, Ronna Romney McDaniel, became the new Chair of the Republican Party after President Donald Trump nominated the then-Chairman Reince Priebus to White House Chief of Staff. U.S. Senator from Utah. On January 2, 2018, after Orrin Hatch announced he would retire, Romney changed his Twitter location from Massachusetts to Holladay, Utah opening the long speculation of Romney running for the Senate seat. On February 16, 2018, Romney formally launched his campaign through a video message posted on Facebook and Twitter. He won the Republican nomination on June 26, 2018. Romney defeated Jenny Wilson in the general election in November 2018. On February 13, 2021 Romney voted that Republican nominated President Donald Trump was guilty of starting the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol. He and six other Republican senators also voted that Trump was guilty. This was after the House of Representatives Second impeachment of Donald Trump. In 2021, Romney received the Profile in Courage Award for his impeachment vote for Trump. Laboratory glassware Laboratory glassware refers to various items which are usually made of glass and used for scientific work in chemistry and biology laboratories. Some of these items are now made of plastic which is less expensive and more convenient. Pipettes, petri dishes, and test tubes are examples of laboratory glassware. These items are used to store materials, to measure their volume, to mix and prepare solutions, or to contain a chemical reaction. Volta (album) Volta is a 2007 album by Icelandic rock singer Björk. She has claimed the album is about "returning to her roots". The style of the album is electronic pop. Five singles were released from it. The first single "Earth Intruders" was released April 2007. It was produced by Timbaland. Mulatto Mulatto is a word referring to a person who is born to one black parent and one white parent. The term may be considered offensive or rude to some, because of its origin. The term is also used to refer to a light brown color, because of a mulatto's skin color. Many people prefer terms such as "biracial" and "of mixed race" over "mulatto". In some cultures, such as in Cuba, there are a number of terms describing skin colour, and "none of them is taken as evaluative". There are simply descriptive terms. And in the Spanish language the term mulata would be used for females of mixed race. There are other descriptive terms which are used in the Caribbean and Latin America, without their being regarded as racial in the pejorative sense. Water polo Water polo is a sport played in water with a ball. It has similarities to basketball and soccer, although players are in the pool. Players try to get the ball into the goal more times than the opposing team, without using goggles. Outline. Water polo is a team game. Two teams play a match. Each match has four periods called "quarters". The length of each period is usually between 5 and 8 minutes. Because the amount of time spent on fouls or out throws is not counted in the quarter time, an average quarter really lasts around 12 minutes. Each team has six field players and one goalkeeper. Water polo players need to be good at swimming and ball handing. They need good reflexes and awareness. Players must keep floating in a game. Players may not stand on the bottom of the pool. Water polo is played in a pool : depth is above 2 m, a vertical line is 30 m and width is 20 m. Equipments. To play water polo, you need swimwear, caps, mouth guards, a ball and a goal. The caps' design is unique. They are designed to protect head and ears. History. The rules of water polo were originally developed in the mid-nineteenth century in Great Britain by William Wilson. The game originated as a form of rugby football played in rivers and lakes in England and Scotland with a ball constructed of Indian rubber, probably from the 1850s onwards. Fishstick Fishsticks or fish fingers are a type of food probably invented in the United Kingdom. They are made of a whitefish like cod that is battered and breaded. They are often eaten with tartar sauce, cocktail sauce, or ketchup. "Fishsticks" are popular with children and their parents as an easy-to-prepare finger food that is somewhat healthy for kids. History. Fishsticks first came about as a result of the invention of the plate froster in 1929, the first quick freezer. To ensure rapid freezing, food needed to be in slim rectangular slabs. A suitable candidate for this freezing method was fishsticks, slivers (small, thin pieces) cut from large fish and dipped in bread crumbs for frying. In Britain in the 1950s, most of the herring catch was pickled and exported to other North European countries. In an attempt to make herring more appealing on the home market, companies tried to present it in a new way, creating herring fishsticks called “herring savouries” and were tested on the market against a bland control product of cod sticks, sold as “fish fingers.” Shoppers in Southampton and South Wales, showed an overwhelming preference for the cod. Cod fishsticks were first produced in Great Yarmouth and introduced in Britain on 26 September 1955. They became immensely popular after television advertising began in 1956. To this day, fish sticks are a favorite food among children. Production. On modern production lines, headless fish are processed through a machine that removes a fillet from each side of the backbone. The fillets then pass over a wheel and a blade that separates the skin from the flesh. Machine filleting leaves a few pin-like bones in the fillet, so the flesh containing the bones is cut out. Fillets are formed into frozen blocks. A conveyor sends the blanks through batter and breadcrumbs, doubling the thickness of the fishstick. Then each is passed through a hot vegetable oil bath for about one minute to seal the coating and allow the fishstick to be grilled or fried. Then the fishstick is frozen again, with the center reaching -4 °F/-20 °C in less than 20 minutes. After packaging, it is stored at -18 °F/-28 °C, ready for distribution. Nelly Cornell Iral Haynes Jr. (born November 2, 1974) is an American rapper, singer, and entrepreneur better known by his stage name Nelly. He won three Grammy Awards in 2003 and nine Billboard Music Awards. Nelly's first five studio albums all reached the top three of the Billboard 200. Boy band A boy band is a type of musical group with three or more young male singers. Usually, the singers are able to perform as dancers as well. Most singers in boy bands do not play musical instruments. Boy bands usually perform pop or R&B music. Best-selling boy bands. Despite negative critical reception, boy bands continue to be generally successful, with some notable ones managing to sell tens of millions of records, placing them among the world's best selling music artists. The best-selling boy bands based on sales figures are: Examples. Some of the most popular boy bands include the following: Solo (music) In musical performance, a solo is a piece or a section of a piece that is played or sung by a single performer. This performer is called a "soloist". A soloist can be a singer or an instrumentalist. Solos are common in classical music and jazz. In popular music, a "solo" is an improvised melody played by a single performer, such as a guitar solo. In the country music genre a solo is known as a "ride". Antarctic krill Antarctic krill ("Euphausia superba") is a species of krill that lives in the Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean. They are shrimp-like and belong to the invertebrates. They live in large groups, called swarms. Sometimes these swarms have a density of 10,000–30,000 individual animals per cubic meter. They feed directly on very small phytoplankton, so they can use the energy that the phytoplankton originally got from the sun in order to sustain their life in the open ocean. They grow to a length of 6 cm, weigh up to 2 g, and can live for up to six years. They are a key species in the Antarctic ecosystem and are, in terms of biomass, probably the most successful animal species on the planet (approximately 500 million tonnes). In aquaria, krill have been observed to eat each other. Cubic metre The cubic metre (symbol m³) is the SI unit of volume. It is a cube with a length, height, and width of one metre, with 1,000 litres of space. In the many places it is spelled "cubic meter". Other names are stère and kilolitre or kiloliter. Conversions. 1 cubic metre equals: A cubic metre of pure water at the temperature of maximum density (3.98 °C) and standard atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa) has a mass of 1000 kg, or one tonne. At 0 °C, the freezing point of water, it is slightly less, 999.972 kg. It is sometimes abbreviated ', ', ', ', , when superscript characters or markup are not available/accessible (i.e. in some typewritten documents and postings in Usenet newsgroups). Abbreviated CBM in the freight business and MTQ (or numeric code 49) in international trade. Food and Agriculture Organization The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger established on 16 October 1945. It serves both developed and developing countries and acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals. FAO is also a source of knowledge and information, and helps developing countries and countries in transition modernize and improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries practices, ensuring good nutrition and food security for all. Colorimeter A colorimeter is a device used for measuring colours, or colorimetry. It measures the absorbance of different wavelengths of light in a solution. It can be used to measure the concentration of a known solute. Different chemical substances absorb different wavelengths of light. When the concentration of the solute is higher, it absorbs more light in a specific wavelength. This is known as the Beer-Lambert law. Different parts. The most important parts of a colorimeter are: Filters. Different filters are used to select the wavelength of light which the solution absorbs the most. This makes the colorimeter more accurate. Solutions are usually placed in glass or plastic cuvettes. The usual wavelengths used are between 400 and 700 nanometers. If it is necessary to use ultraviolet light (below 400 nanometers) then the lamp and filters must be changed. Output. The output of the colorimeter may be shown in graphs or tables, by an analogue or digital meter. The data may be printed on paper, or stored in a computer. The output may be shown as transmittance (a linear scale from 0-100%) or as absorbance (a logarithmic scale from zero to infinity). The useful range of the absorbance scale is from 0-2 but it is desirable to keep within the range 0-1 because, above 1, the results become unreliable due to scattering of light. A Transmittance-Absorbance conversion table may be seen here. Valletta Valletta is the capital city of Malta. It was founded by Jean Parisot de la Valette, the Grandmaster of the Order of Saint John on March 28, 1566. The city's population is 6,315 (in 2005) and it is currently decreasing as people move to the UK, Italy, or the newer areas of Malta. Basketball Bundesliga The Basketball Bundesliga (BBL) is the highest level of basketball competition in Germany. The BBL determines the national champion. Butterfield, Missouri Butterfield, Missouri is a village in Missouri, United States. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.1 km² (0.4 mi²), all land. Demographics. At the 2000 census, there were 397 people, 136 households, and 102 families living in the village. The population density was 365.0/km² (947.6/mi²). There were 149 houses at an average density of 137.0/km² (355.7/mi²). The racial mix of the village was 85.14% white, 0.50% African American, 0.50% Native American, 11.59% from other races, and 2.27% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 21.41% of the population. There were 136 households out of which 43.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% were [married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.3% were non-families. 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.44. In the village the population was spread out with 34.0% under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 5.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females there were 98.5 males.This is also the case for females over 18. The median income for a household in the village was $24,706, and the median income for a family was $28,000. Males had a median income of $20,417 versus $18,750 for females. The per citizen income for the village was $9,460. About 19.8% of families and 19.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.2% of those under age 18 and 28.6% of those age 65 or over. Andorra la Vella Andorra la Vella is the capital city of the principality of Andorra and is one of the seven parishes of Andorra. It is in the southwestern part of the country. Geography. The Andorra la Vella parish is in the southwestern part of the country at the confluence of two mountain streams, the "Valira del Nord" (Northern Valira) and the "Valira de l'Orient" (Eastern Valira), which join to form the Gran Valira that flows through the capital city. The parish borders with the La Massana parish to the north, with the Escaldes-Engordany parish to the east, with the Sant Julià de Lòria parish to the south and with Spain to the west. The highest mountain in the parish is "Pic d'Os" () with an elevation of above sea level; it is on the border with the Sant Julià de Lòria parish and Spain. At 1023 m (3,356 ft) above sea level, it is the highest capital in Europe. Population. The parish had a population, in 2015, of 22,886 inhabitants, for a population density of persons/km². Evolution of the population in Andorra la Vella Villages. The urban areas in the parish are: Economy. Andorra la Vella is the country's commercial centre. The city is also the centre for many banks and businesses. The state is not a member of the European Union, but has a customs arrangement with the EU, and uses the euro. Woodland Woodland is a low-density forest with plenty of sunlight and limited shade. It forms an open habitat. Woodlands have an understory of shrubs and herbaceous plants including grasses. Woodlands grade into shrubland in drier conditions or in early stages of plant succession. Higher densities and areas of trees, with largely closed canopy, and nearly continuous shade and are often called forests. "Woodland" in British forestry means any smaller area covered in trees, however dense. Forest in the British Isles means extensive wooded areas, regardless of density. Royal forests may not be wooded at all. The term ancient woodland is used in British conservation to mean any wooded land that has existed for a very long time (equivalent to the American term old growth forest). Conservationist work hard to preserve woodlands. The woodlands in Northwest Indiana have been preserved as part of the Indiana Dunes. Limburg (Netherlands) Limburg is the southernmost province of the Netherlands. Its capital is Maastricht. About 1,116,000 people are living in Limburg (2021). It is the only province in the Netherlands which has hills. It is a very old province; the capital city, Maastricht, is over 2000 years old. The Limburgish people do speak Dutch, but they also speak their own dialects called Limburgish. These dialects - especially the ones in the South of Limburg, the normal Dutch people find difficult to understand. These dialects have many influences from German and French. The Limburgish are renowned for their famous vlaai. Limburger cheese comes from this region. Mount Cayley Mount Cayley is an eroded stratovolcano. It is 11 km southeast of Callaghan Lake and 24 west of Whistler, British Columbia, Canada. It is part of the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt which is a segment of the Cascade Volcanic Arc. A scenario of an eruption of Mount Cayley shows how western Canada is vulnerable to an eruption. The scenario is based on past activity in the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt and involves both effusive and explosive eruptions. The scenario impact is largely a result of the concentration of vulnerable infrastructure in valleys. In 2003, Catherine Hickson, a scientist with the Geological Survey of Canada, was one of the three scientists to report on the hypothetical eruption at Mount Cayley. The first signs of activity at the volcano would probably be enlarged seismic activity in and close to the mountain. Flooding would turn out to be a huge issue for the community of Squamish and could eventually overrun parts of Highway 99. The Mount Cayley volcanic field is named after Mount Cayley. Limburg Limburg might mean: Limburg (Belgium) Limburg (, , , ) is the easternmost of the five provinces of modern Flanders, which is one of the three main political and cultural sub-divisions of modern Belgium. Its capital is Hasselt. Geography. Limburg is located west of the Meuse (Dutch "Maas") river, upon which it borders the similarly named province Limburg of the Netherlands. It also borders on the Walloon province of Liège to the south, with which it also has historical ties. To the north and west are the old territories of the Duchy of Brabant, the Flemish provinces of Flemish Brabant and Antwerp to the west, and the Dutch province of North Brabant to the north. The province of Limburg has an area of with a population of about 886,000 in 2022. The province is divided into three arrondissements ("arrondissementen" in Dutch) with 42 municipalities. Among these municipalities are the current capital Hasselt, the early medieval capital Borgloon, Genk, Diepenbeek (home to Hasselt University), and Tongeren, the only Roman city in the province and regarded as the oldest city of Belgium. The municipality of Voeren is geographically detached (an exclave) from Limburg and the rest of Flanders, with the Netherlands to the north and the Walloon province of Liège to the south. This municipality was established by the municipal reform of 1977. The highest point of the province, , is in the town of Remersdaal, Voeren municipality. The centre of Belgian Limburg is crossed east to west by the Demer river and the Albert Canal, which run similar paths. The Demer river's drainage basin covers most of the central and southern part of the province, except for the southeastern corner, where the Jeker (in French: "(le) Geer") runs past Tongeren and into the Maas river (in French: "(la) Meuse") at Maastricht. The eastern border of the province corresponds to the western side of the Maas, which originates in France. It's drainage basin includes not only the Jeker but most of the northern part of Belgian Limburg. Administrative divisions. The province of Limburg is divided into 3 "arrondissements" (Hasselt, Maaseik and Tongeren) and a total of 42 municipalities since 2019. Population by arrondissement. Population x 1,000 (on 1 January since 1980). Limbourg Limbourg or Limburg is a medieval city in the Belgian province of Liège. It was founded in the 11th century. In 2007 its population was 5644. It is located at 50° 37 North, 05° 56 East. Limburg an der Lahn Limburg an der Lahn (Limburg on the Lahn river) is a German town and the capital of the "Kreis" Limburg-Weilburg in the west of Hesse. Stinky Stinky could mean: Illusion An illusion is a distortion of perception. The brain arranges, sorts, and organises data from the senses. Normally the system works well. Sometimes it does not, and we see illusions. In general, they are shared by most people in the same situation. Illusions can happen with all five senses (taste, touch, sight, smell, and hearing), and some involve the way information from two senses is put together. Some illusions happen because of disorders, but generally, all normal people can sense the same illusion. An illusion is different from a hallucination; a halucination is sensing something which is not real, but an illusion is interpreting what we sense wrongly. Optical illusions. Optical illusions are the best known and understood. Because they are illusions common to most people, it follows that they are a product of the visual system. The visual system, from the retina to the visual cortex, is what is common to most humans. Auditory illusions. These are illusions which are heard. The person listening hears sounds that aren’t really there, or sounds that can’t really happen. A Shepard tone is an auditory illusion. Touch illusion. They are when a person feels something that is not there, or something that should not be there but feels like it is. This happens sometimes when a person loses their arm. The person still feels like the arm is there. They might want to scratch the arm, or the arm might hurt them. This can happen with any limb of the body, and it is called the phantom limb. Charcoal Charcoal is a carbon-containing substance made from wood, naturally black and powdery. Charcoal is made from wood by heating it in an "airless" (minimal oxygen) space at a high temperature. The wood will not burn, but instead turn into charcoal. The by-product of making charcoal is tar and turpentine. People use it for different things such as cooking on a barbecue grill, and in painting. Brose Baskets Brose Baskets Bamberg (also Brose Baskets) is a basketball club in Bamberg, Germany. In 2005 (as GHP Bamberg), 2007, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 it won the BBL. In 1992, 2010, 2011, and 2012 it won the German Cup. Armenian Revolutionary Federation The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF or ՀՅԴ) (Armenian: – Hay Heghapokhakan Dashnaktsutiun, Dashnaktsutiun, – Dashnak or Tashnag) is an Armenian political party founded in Tiflis (Tbilisi in modern-day Georgia) in 1890 by Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, and Simon Zavarian. The party works in Armenia and in countries where the Armenian diaspora is active, notably in Lebanon and the ethnically Armenian-dominated de facto Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh. Museum. The Armenian Revolutionary Federation History Museum was created during an official ceremony Friday 2007 at Yerevan's Kristapor Mikaelian Center, with the party's leaders and supporters on hand to mark this momentous occasion. Opened in 1946, the ARF History Museum was in Paris and during the years has collected more than 3,000 artifacts describing the party's history. After the ARF's return to Armenia, the museum and the ARF archives have been sent to Armenia. Giro Manoyan is one of the leaders of ARF. Christapor Mikaelian Christapor Mikaelian (Armenian: ) also known by his "noms de guerre" Hellen (), Topal (), and Edward (), (1859-1905) was one of the three founders of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation along Stepan Zorian and Simon Zavarian, also part of Armenian national liberation movement. Early life. Rosdom was born in the village of Agulis in Goghtn, now part of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. He graduated from the Professorial academy of Tiflis and also attended the University of Moscow, where he met Simon Vratsian, another co-founder of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. Varazdat Varasdates or Varazdat (, Varazdat) was an Armenian prince who succeeded his uncle King Papes as King of Armenia in 374. Following the murder of King Papes, Valens sent Varazdat, a nephew of Pap, a young man highly reputed for his mental and physical gifts, to hold the Armenian throne. Shapur II, having failed on the battlefield, now proposed to Valens in 375 that Armenia be divided between the two powers. The Emperor rejected the proposal, but sent Victor Magistrianus to the Persian King to discuss the question. This emissary was cozened into exceeding the bounds of his authority and agreeing to the Persian proposal. In the meantime, the internal condition of Armenia was imperiled through friction between King Varazdat and the nakharars, culminating in the assassination of Musel Mamikonian, the leader of the latters' party. Manuel, the son of Musel, took up arms against the King and compelled him to flee from Armenia in 378, after four years of reign. Varazdat's life was saved, but the country was thrown into confusion. The Persians took advantage of the turmoil and invaded Armenia; but their occupation was a short-lived one. Shapur II died in 379, and the Persians evacuated in haste. Manuel, the dynamic Mamikonian, had rallied a formidable national force for action. Adana massacre The Adana massacre happened in Adana Province, in the Ottoman Empire, in April 1909. A religious-ethnic clash in the city of Adana amidst governmental upheaval resulted in a series of anti-Armenian pogroms throughout the district. Reports estimated that the massacres in Adana Province resulted in 20,000 to 30,000 deaths. Adana Adana (Greek Άδανα) (the ancient "Antioch in Cilicia" or "Antioch on the Sarus") is the capital of Adana Province in Turkey. According to the 2000 census, with 1,130,710 inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous city of Turkey (after İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir and Bursa). The 2006 estimate of Adana's population is 1,271,894. For most Turkish people, the word 'Adana' associates with Kebab, şalgam, cotton, oranges and very hot weather, in the awareness that Adana also embodies more than just these. Adana is also named among the 25 "European Regions of the Future" for 2006/2007 by Foreign Direct Investment Magazine. Chosen alongside Kocaeli for Turkey, Adana scored the most points for cost effectiveness against Kocaeli's points for infrastructure development, while Adana and Kocaeli tied on points for the categories of human resources and quality of life. Adana has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ("Csa" in the Koeppen climate classification). Parsley Massacre In October 1937, Dominican dictator Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina ordered the execution of the Haitian population living within the borderlands with Haiti. The violence resulted in the killing of 17,000 to 35,000 Haitian civilians over a span of approximately five days. This would later become known as the Parsley Massacre. Events. Trujillo had made his actions for the Haitian community clear in a short speech given at a dance held in his honor on October 2, 1937 in Dajabón, stating: Heat pump A heat pump is a machine that moves heat from a cold place to a hot place. Examples include: How it works. Usually, heat flows from a hot place to a cold place, according to the second law of thermodynamics. Heat will not move from a cold place to a warmer place by itself. Because of this, a heat pump must use extra energy to move the heat. This is sort of like pumping water uphill. Most heat pumps use electric motors to provide energy. Some heat pumps use heat energy, supplied by a flame or an electric heater. Most heat pumps have a refrigeration cycle using a compressor. A refrigeration cycle uses a fluid which moves through tubes and carries the heat. The fluid is called a refrigerant. During the refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant changes from a liquid to a gas and back to a liquid. When the refrigerant changes from a (compressed) liquid to a gas, it absorbs heat energy from the environment. When the refrigerant changes from a gas back to a liquid, it loses heat energy. The heat pump is set up so that the refrigerant gains heat from one place that will be cooled, and moves it to another place that will be warmed. A heat pump forces the refrigerant to change from a gas to a liquid. It uses a compressor to do this. Often, an electric motor drives the compressor. The compressor compresses the refrigerant, and this makes it change from a gas to a liquid. Compressing will heat up the liquid extensively. At the other end of the cycle, the refrigerant boils again, absorbing heat from its surroundings, it cools them down. So where the refrigerant is changing from a liquid to a gas, it feels cooler. This is the complete cycle, from the cooling side to the heating side: On the cooling side, heat is taken up to boil the refrigerant from a liquid to a gas. Then the fluid moves to the heating side.There, the compressor forces the refrigerant back to a liquid again. This makes it give up its heat. So heat has moved from the cooling side to the heating side. Then, the cycle repeats. If the cooling side is the inside of a refrigerator, it gets cold. If the cooling side is the inside of a building, and the warming side is the outside of the building, the inside of the building gets cold. This is how an air conditioner works. If the cooling side is the outside of the building, and the warming side is the inside of the building, this is how a heat pump can heat a building during the winter. Second law of thermodynamics The second law of thermodynamics says that when energy changes from one form to another form, or matter moves freely, entropy (disorder) in a closed system increases. Differences in temperature, pressure, and density tend to even out horizontally after a while. Due to the force of gravity, density and pressure do not even out vertically. Density and pressure on the bottom will be more than at the top. Entropy is a measure of spread of matter and energy to everywhere they have access. The most common wording for the second law of thermodynamics is essentially due to "Rudolf Clausius": In other words, everything tries to maintain the same temperature over time. There are many statements of the second law which use different terms, but all mean the same thing. Another statement by Clausius is: Heat cannot of itself pass from a colder to a hotter body. An equivalent statement by Lord Kelvin is: A transformation whose only final result is to convert heat, extracted from a source at constant temperature, into work, is impossible. The second law only applies to large systems. The second law is about the likely behavior of a system where no energy or matter gets in or out. The bigger the system is, the more likely the second law will be true. Overview. In a general sense, the second law says that temperature differences between systems in contact with each other tend to even out and that work can be obtained from these non-equilibrium differences, but that loss of thermal energy occurs, when work is done and entropy increases. Pressure, density and temperature differences in an isolated system, all tend to equalize if given the opportunity; density and pressure, but not temperature, are affected by gravity. A heat engine is a mechanical device that provides useful work from the difference in temperature of two bodies. Air conditioner An air conditioner is a system or a machine that treats air in a defined, usually enclosed area via a refrigeration cycle in which warm air is removed and replaced with cooler air. In construction, a complete system of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning is referred to as HVAC. Whether in homes, offices or vehicles, its purpose is to provide comfort by altering the properties of the air, usually by cooling the air inside. The main function of air conditioner is to change adverse temperature. History. In the 19th century British scientist and inventor Michael Faraday discovered that compressing and liquefying ammonia could chill air when the liquefied ammonia was allowed to evaporate. In 1842, American physician Dr. John Gorrie used compressor technology to create ice, which he used to cool air for his patients. He hoped eventually to use his ice-making machine to regulate the temperature of buildings and even considered cooling entire cities with a system of centralized air conditioning units. Air conditioning applications. Air conditioning engineers broadly divide air conditioning applications into "comfort" and "process". Comfort applications aim to provide an indoor environment that remains relatively constant in a range preferred by humans despite changes in external weather conditions or in internal heat loads. Process applications aim to provide a suitable environment for an industrial or a commercial process, regardless of internal heat loads and external weather conditions. Although often in the same comfort range, it is the requirements of  the process that determines conditions, not human preference. Process applications include: Other examples include: In both comfort and process applications, the objective is not only to control temperature (although in some comfort applications this is all that is controlled) but also factors like humidity, air movement and air quality. Air conditioning system basics and theories. Refrigeration cycle. In the refrigeration cycle, a pump transfers heat from a lower temperature source into a higher temperature heat sink. Heat will naturally flow in the opposite direction. This is the most common type of air conditioning. A refrigerated air conditioning system works in much the same way pumping heat out of the room in which it stands. This cycle takes advantage of the universal gas law "PV" = "nRT", where "P" is pressure, "V" is volume, "R" is the universal gas constant, "T" is temperature, and "n" is the number of molecules of gas (1 mole = 6.022×1023 molecules). The most common refrigeration cycle uses an electric motor to drive a compressor. In an automobile the compressor is driven by a pulley on the engine's crankshaft, with both using electric motors for air circulation. Since evaporation occurs when heat is absorbed, and condensation occurs when heat is released, air conditioners are designed to use a compressor to cause pressure changes between two compartments, and actively pump a coolant around an enclosed system. The cooling liquid, or refrigerant is pumped into the cooled compartment (the evaporator coil). Low pressure then causes the refrigerant to evaporate taking the heat with it. In the other compartment (the condenser), the refrigerant vapour is compressed and forced through another heat exchange coil, condensed into a liquid which then rejects the heat previously absorbed from the cooled space. Health implications. Air conditioning has as much influence on human health as any generic heating system. Poorly maintained air-conditioning systems (especially large, centralized systems) can occasionally promote the growth and spread of microorganisms such as "Legionella pneumophila," the infectious agent responsible for Legionnaire's disease. Air conditioning can have a positive effect on sufferers of allergies and asthma. In serious heat waves, air conditioning can save the lives of the elderly. Some local authorities have even set up public cooling centers for the benefit of those without air conditioning at home. Branch (disambiguation) A branch is a part of a tree. Branch or branching could also mean: First law of thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics is that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can change only from one form to another. The law forms the basis of the principle of conservation of energy. This means that anything that uses energy is changing the energy from one kind of energy to another. For example, exercising changes energy from food into kinetic (motion) energy. Another example: In the Sun (or any star), nuclear fusion changes mass into heat and light (electromagnetic radiation), which travels to Earth and is used by plants to create food (chemical energy) via photosynthesis, which can be eaten by animals allowing them to move (kinetic energy). Energy only ever changes its form; it is neither created nor destroyed. This is why perpetual motion machines do not exist and could never exist; it would break a fundamental law of physics. People can use the changes to do work that is useful. Examples of forms of energy in classical mechanics include heat, light, kinetic (movement) or potential energy. However, in modern physics it is considered that there are only two types of energy - mass and kinetic energy, although this may not be helpful to those not familiar with more complex physics. The law means that the total energy of the universe (or any Closed system) is a constant. However, energy can be transferred from one part of the universe to another. The most common wording of the first law of thermodynamics used by scientists is: History. James Prescott Joule was the first person who found out by experiments that heat and work are convertible. The first explicit statement of the first law of thermodynamics was given by "Rudolf Clausius" in 1850: "There is a state function E, called 'energy', whose differential equals the work exchanged with the surroundings during an adiabatic process." Thermodynamics and Engineering. In thermodynamics and engineering, it is natural to think of the system as a heat engine which does work on the surroundings, and to state that the total energy added by heating is equal to the sum of the increase in internal energy plus the work done by the system. Hence formula_1 is the amount of energy lost by the system due to work done by the system on its surroundings. During the portion of the thermodynamic cycle where the engine is doing work, formula_1 is positive, but there will always be a portion of the cycle where formula_1 is negative, e.g., when the working gas is being compressed. When formula_1 represents the work done by the system, the first law is written: People disagree whether energy is a positive or a negative number. So that formula_6 is the flow of heat out of the system, and formula_1 is the work into the system: Because of this ambiguity, it is very important in any discussion involving the first law to explicitly establish the sign convention in use. dU = the change in internal energy Q = heat W = work Conservation of energy In physics, the conservation of energy is that energy can not be created or destroyed, it can only be changed from one form to another, such as when electrical energy is changed into heat energy. Formally, it says that the total amount of energy in an isolated system remains constant, although it may change forms, e.g. friction turns kinetic energy into thermal energy. In thermodynamics, the first law of thermodynamics is a statement of the conservation of energy for thermodynamic systems. From a mathematical point of view, the energy conservation law is a consequence of the shift symmetry of time; energy conservation is a result of the empirical fact that the laws of physics do not change with time itself. Philosophically, this can be stated as "nothing depends on time per se (time itself)". Historical information. Ancient philosophers as far back as Thales of Miletus had the idea that there is some underlying substance of which everything is made. But that is not the same as our concept of "mass-energy" today (for example, Thales thought the underlying substance was water). In 1638, Galileo published his analysis of several situations. This included the famous "interrupted pendulum". This can be described (in modernized language) as conservatively converting potential energy to kinetic energy and back again. However, Galileo did not explain the process in modern terms and had not understood the modern concept either. The German Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz during 1676-1689 attempted a mathematical formulation of the kind of energy which is connected with "motion" (kinetic energy). Leibniz noticed that in many mechanical systems (of several masses, "mi" each with velocity "vi" ), was conserved so long as the masses did not interact. He called this quantity the "vis viva" or "living force" of the system. The principle represents an accurate statement of the approximate conservation of kinetic energy in situations where there is no friction. Meanwhile, in 1843 James Prescott Joule independently discovered the mechanical equivalent in a series of experiments. In the most famous, now called the "Joule apparatus", a descending weight attached to a string caused a paddle immersed in water to rotate. He showed that the gravitational potential energy lost by the weight in descending was approximately equal to the thermal energy (heat) gained by the water by friction with the paddle. Over the period 1840-1843, similar work was carried out by engineer Ludwig A. Colding though it was little-known outside his native Denmark. Proof. It is easy to see that formula_2 which is also formula_3 formula_4 Assuming that formula_5 and that formula_6, then formula_7 formula_8 formula_10 Therefore, energy does not vary with time. Differences between butterflies and moths The Lepidoptera are the butterflies and moths. However, though the butterflies are a natural monophyletic group, moths are not. Butterflies are often put in the suborder Rhopalocera, which includes Papilionoidea (true butterflies), the Hesperiidae (skippers), and the Hedylidae (butterfly moths). In Linnaean taxonomy, moths are usually put in the suborder Heterocera. This tends to cover up the fact that they are not a true natural monophyletic group. However, moths do look and behave rather different from butterflies, which explains why people came to call them by a different name. Other taxonomic schemes have been proposed, but none of them is perfect. Both taxonomists and amateurs make use of the obvious differences between butterflies and moths. Morphological differences. Shape and structure of antennae. The most obvious difference is in the feelers, or antennae. Most butterflies have thin slender filamentous antennae which are club shaped at the end. Moths, on the other hand, often have comb-like or feathery antennae, or filamentous and unclubbed. This distinction is the basis for the earliest taxonomic divisions in the Lepidoptera the Rhopalocera ("clubbed horn", the butterflies) and the Heterocera ("varied horn", the moths). There are, however, exceptions to this rule and a few moths (the family Castniidae) have clubbed antennae. Some butterflies, like "Pseudopontia paradoxa" from the forests of central Africa, lack the clubbed ends. The "Hesperiids" often have an angle to the tip of the antenna. Wing coupling mechanisms. Many moths have a "frenulum" or wing coupling physically attaching upper and lower parts of their wings together. The frenulum can be seen only when a specimen is in hand. There are various types. It may be a filament from the hindwing coupling with barbs on the forewing. Butterflies usually lack these structures. Their wing coupling is usually done by simple overlap of wing edges. Pupae. Most moth caterpillars spin a cocoon made of silk when they go into the pupal stage. Most butterflies on the other hand form an exposed pupa called a chrysalis. There are many exceptions to this rule. Hawk moths form an exposed chrysalis which is underground. Spongy moths sometimes form butterfly-style pupae, hanging on twigs or tree bark, although usually they create flimsy cocoons out of silk strands and a few leaves, partially exposing the chrysalis. A few Skipper butterfly larvae also make crude cocoons in which they pupate, exposing the pupa a bit. The "Parnassius" butterfly larvae make a flimsy cocoon for pupation and they pupate near the ground surface between debris. Colour of the wings. Most butterflies have bright colours on their wings. Nocturnal moths on the other hand are usually plain brown, grey, white or black and often with obscuring patterns of zigzags or swirls which help camouflage them as they rest during the day. However many day-flying moths are brightly coloured, particularly if they are toxic. A few butterflies are quite plain, like the cabbage white butterfly. Structure of the body. Moths tend to have stout and hairy or furry-looking bodies. Butterflies on the other hand have slender and smoother abdomens. Moths have larger scales on their wings. These make them look more dense and fluffy. Butterflies on the other hand have fine scales. This difference is possibly due to the need for moths to conserve heat during the cooler nights whereas butterflies are able to absorb sunlight. Behavioural differences. Time of activity. Most moths are nocturnal or crepuscular (active at night) while most butterflies are diurnal (active at daytime). There are however exceptions, including the diurnal spongy moth and the spectacular "Uraniidae" or Sunset moths. Resting posture. Moths usually rest with their wings spread out to their sides. Butterflies frequently fold their wings above their backs when they are perched although they will occasionally "bask" with their wings spread for short periods. However some butterflies, like the skippers, may hold their wings either flat or folded or even in-between (the so-called "jet plane" position) when perched. Most moths also occasionally fold their wings above their backs when they are in a certain spot (like when there is no room to fully spread their wings). A sometimes confusing family can be the "Geometridae" (such as the winter moth) because the adults often rest with their wings folded vertically. These moths have thin bodies and large wings like many butterflies but may be distinguished easily by structural differences in their antennae (e.g. bipectinate). Monophyly Monophyly means common descent from a single ancestor. Biologists have introduced a kind of taxonomy called cladistics. The aim of this is to make biological classification fit what we know about the way organisms evolved. If there is a group made of a common ancestor, and all its descendants, that group is monophyletic. (Greek: "of one race"). A group which contains organisms, without their common ancestor, is called polyphyletic. Convergent evolution is a usual cause of such groups. If a group contains the common ancestor, but leaves out some of its descendants, it is called paraphyletic. All living things on this planet are thought, on the basis of DNA analysis, to be monophyletic, that is, to have one origin, not many. Example: all species in the genus "Homo" have come from the same ancestral form in the family Hominidae, and no other descendants are known. Thus the genus "Homo" is monophyletic. If, on the other hand, it were discovered that "Homo habilis" had developed from a different ancestor from "Homo sapiens", and this ancestor were not included in the genus, then the genus would be polyphyletic. Since biologists by and large tend to prefer monophyletic groups, in this case, they would likely either split the genus or broaden it to include the additional forms. Example of polyphyletic group: Sea slugs. Polyploidy. Sometimes taxonomists are frustrated fitting plant species into a monophyletic group because of polyploidy. There is clear evidence that some polyploid plant species are of multiple origins (the species has arisen more than once). For example, "Salsify", the hybrid goat's-beard, ("Tragopogon miscellus") has formed as many as 20 times in eastern Washington. Also, it can happen that hybrids between two close plant species undergo polyploidy, and the polyploids continue as a new and distinct species. Situations like this are outside the normal rules of descent, and are dealt with by special decisions, guided by the International Commission of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). Lepidoptera The order Lepidoptera is the second biggest order of insects. It includes the moths and butterflies including the skippers. There is no common word for the group: ordinary people talk of "butterflies and moths". The order has more than 180,000 species in 128 families and 47 superfamilies. They are 10% of all the described species of living organisms. The Coleoptera (the beetles) is the only order that has more species. The name, Lepidoptera, comes from the Ancient Greek words "λεπίδος" (scale) and "πτερόν" (wing). The earliest discovered fossils date to 200 mya or earlier. This early origin was long before flowering plants evolved. Earlier butterflies must have been adapted to a habitat of cycads and conifers, something which had not previously been suspected. Characteristics of Lepidoptera. Lepidopterans go through complete metamorphosis. This means that they have a four parts to their lives. The first part is the egg. The second part is the caterpillar or larva. The third part is the pupa. The last part is the adult or imago. Larva. The larvae have a tough head and a soft body. They have mouths that are made to chew. Some larvae are covered with hairs, or other body extensions. The larvae have three pairs of small legs on the thorax. These legs are called true legs. There are up to five pairs of bigger legs on the abdomen. These legs are called prolegs. Lepidopteran larvae can be confused with the larvae of sawflies. The difference between Lepidopteran larvae and sawfly larvae is that Lepidopteran larvae have tiny hooks on their prolegs. These hooks are called crochets. Most larvae are herbivores, but a few are carnivores and detritivores. Adult. Adults have two pairs of wings. They are covered by small scales. In some species, the adults have very small wings or no wings at all. This is more common in females. Adults have antennae. Some moths have antennae that look like feathers. These feather-like antennae are larger in males than females. Adults have a mouthpart called a proboscis. It sucks nectar from flowers. Some adults do not have mouths and cannot feed. Others have different mouths that are made to pierce and suck blood or fruit juices. Diurnal Animals that are active during the day are called diurnal. They hunt or feed during the day and sleep during the night. Nocturnal animals do it the other way round. Scientists sometimes use the word "crepuscular" to describe nocturnal animals that are not active when it is very dark at night; they are mostly active near dawn, dusk, and sometimes when the moon makes a lot of light. Skipper (butterfly) The skippers are a family of butterflies, the Hesperiidae. They are named after their quick, darting flight. Skippers used to be classified in their own superfamily, Hesperioidea, because they have their antennae clubs hooked backward like a crochet while the other butterflies have club-like tips to their antennae. Skippers also have generally stockier bodies than regular butterflies, with stronger wing muscles. Subfamilies. There are about 3500 species of skippers. They are usually classified in the following subfamilies: Many species of skippers look frustratingly alike. For example, some species in the genera "Erynnis", "Hesperia", and "Amblyscirtes" cannot currently be distinguished in the field even by experts. The only reliable method of telling them apart involving dissection and examination of the genitalia. Examples. Examples include: Energy conservation Energy conservation is reducing the amount of energy used for different purposes. This may result in an increase of financial capital, environmental value, national and personal security, and human comfort. Individuals and organizations that consume energy may conserve energy to reduce costs and promote economic, political and environmental sustainability. Industrial and commercial users may want to increase efficiency and thus maximize profit. On a larger scale, energy conservation is an energy policy. In general, energy conservation reduces the energy consumption and energy demand per capita. This reduces the rise in energy costs, and can reduce the need for new power plants, and energy imports. The reduced energy demand can provide more flexibility in choosing the methods of energy production. By reducing emissions, energy conservation helps to prevent climate change. Energy conservation makes it easier to replace non-renewable resources with renewable energy. Energy conservation is often the most economical solution to energy shortages. Energy efficiency trends in the United States. The U.S. is the largest consumer of energy, although at current levels of growth, China may become the leading energy consumer. The U.S. Department of Energy categorizes national energy use in four broad sectors: transportation, residential, commercial, and industrial. Energy usage in the transportation and residential sectors (about half of U.S. energy consumption) is largely controlled by individual domestic consumers. Commercial and industrial energy usage are controlled by businesses. National energy policy has a significant effect on energy usage across all four sectors. Transportation sector. The transportation sector includes all vehicles used for personal or freight transportation. Of the energy used in this sector, about 65% is used by gasoline-powered vehicles, mostly personally owned. Diesel-powered transport (trains, merchant ships, heavy trucks, etc.) consumes about 20%, and air traffic consumes most of the remaining 15%. The oil supply crises of the 1970s spurred the creation, in 1975, of the federal Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) program, which required auto manufacturers to meet progressively higher fleet fuel economy targets. The next decade saw dramatic improvements in fuel economy, mostly the result of reductions in vehicle size and weight. These gains eroded somewhat after 1990 due to the growing popularity of sport utility vehicles, pickup trucks and minivans, which fall under the more lenient "light truck" CAFE standard. In addition to the CAFE program, the U.S. government has tried to encourage better vehicle efficiency through tax policy. Since 2002, taxpayers have been eligible for income tax credits for gas/electric hybrid vehicles. A "gas-guzzler" tax has been assessed on manufacturers since 1978 for cars with exceptionally poor fuel economy. While this tax remains in effect, it currently generates very little revenue as overall fuel economy has improved. Another focus in gasoline conservation is reducing the number of miles driven. An estimated 40% of American automobile use is associated with daily commuting. Many urban areas offer subsidized public transportation to reduce commuting traffic, and encourage carpooling by providing designated high-occupancy vehicle lanes and lower tolls for cars with multiple riders. In recent years telecommuting has also become a viable alternative to commuting for some jobs. A vehicle's gas mileage normally decreases rapidly at speeds above 55 miles per hour. A car or truck moving at 55 miles an hour can get about 15 percent better fuel economy than the same car going 65 mph. According to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), as a rule of thumb, each 5 mph you drive over 60 mph is similar to paying an additional $1.20 per gallon for gas (at $3.10 per gallon). Residential sector. The residential sector refers to all private residences, including single-family homes, apartments, manufactured homes and dormitories. Energy use in this sector varies significantly across the country, due to regional climate differences and different regulation. On average, about half of the energy used in the U.S. homes is expended on space conditioning (i.e. heating and cooling). The efficiency of furnaces and air conditioners has increased steadily since the energy crises of the 1970s. The 1987 National Appliance Energy Conservation Act authorized the Department of Energy to set minimum efficiency standards for space conditioning equipment and other appliances each year, based on what is "technologically feasible and economically justified". Despite technological improvements, many American lifestyle changes have put higher demands on heating and cooling resources. The average size of homes built in the United States has increased significantly, from 1500 ft² in 1970 to 2300 ft² in 2005. The single-person household has become more common, as has central air conditioning: 23% of households had central air conditioning in 1978, that figure rose to 55% by 2001. As a cheaper alternative to the purchase of a new furnace or air conditioner, most public utilities encourage smaller changes the consumer can make. Consumers have also been asked to adopt a wider indoor temperature range (e.g. 65 °F in the winter, 80 °F in the summer). Home energy consumption averages:. Energy usage in some homes may vary widely from these averages. In most residences no single appliance dominates, and any conservation efforts must be directed to numerous areas in order to achieve substantial energy savings. However, ground source heat pump systems are the more energy efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective space conditioning systems available (Environmental Protection Agency). They can achieve reductions in energy consumptions of up to 70%. Best building practices. Current best practices in building design and construction result in homes that are much more energy conserving than average new homes. See Passive house, Superinsulation, Self-sufficient homes, Zero energy building, Earthship, Straw-bale construction, MIT Design Advisor, Energy Conservation Code for Indian Commercial Buildings. Smart ways to construct homes such that minimal resources are used to cooling and heating the house in summer and winter respectively can significantly reduce energy costs! Commercial sector. The commercial sector consists of retail stores, offices (business and government), restaurants, schools and other workplaces. Energy in this sector has the same basic end uses as the residential sector, in slightly different proportions. Space conditioning is again the single biggest consumption area, but it represents only about 30% of the energy use of commercial buildings. Lighting, at 25%, plays a much larger role than it does in the residential sector. Lighting is also generally the most wasteful component of commercial use. A number of case studies indicate that more efficient lighting and elimination of over-illumination can reduce lighting energy by approximately fifty percent in many commercial buildings. Commercial buildings can greatly increase energy efficiency by thoughtful design, with today's building stock being very poor examples of the potential of systematic (not expensive) energy efficient design (Steffy, 1997). Commercial buildings often have professional management, allowing centralized control and coordination of energy conservation efforts. Solar heat loading through standard window designs usually leads to high demand for air conditioning in summer months. An example of building design overcoming this excessive heat loading is the Dakin Building in Brisbane, California, where fenestration was designed to achieve an angle with respect to sun incidence to allow maximum reflection of solar heat; this design also assisted in reducing interior over-illumination to enhance worker efficiency and comfort. Industrial sector. The industrial sector represents all production and processing of goods, including manufacturing, construction, farming, water management and mining. Increasing costs have forced energy-intensive industries to make substantial efficiency improvements in the past 30 years. For example, the energy used to produce steel and paper products has been cut 40% in that time frame, while petroleum/aluminum refining and cement production have reduced their usage by about 25%. These reductions are largely the result of recycling waste material and the use of cogeneration equipment for electricity and heating. The energy required for delivery and treatment of fresh water often constitutes a significant percentage of a region's electricity and natural gas usage (an estimated 20% of California's total energy use is water-related.) In light of this, some local governments have worked toward a more integrated approach to energy and water conservation efforts. Unlike the other sectors, total energy use in the industrial sector has declined in the last decade. While this is partly due to conservation efforts, it's also a reflection of the growing trend for U.S. companies to move manufacturing operations offshore. The usage of telecommuting by major corporations is a significant opportunity to conserve energy, as many Americans now work in service jobs that enable them to work from home instead of commuting to work each day. Cogeneration Cogeneration (also combined heat and power, CHP) is the use of a heat engine or a power station to make both electricity and useful heat at the same time. Conventional power plants emit the heat created as a byproduct of electricity generation into the environment through cooling towers, as flue gas, or by other means. Combined heat and power captures the byproduct heat for domestic or industrial heating purposes, either very close to the plant, or - especially in Scandinavia and eastern Europe - for distribution through pipes to heat local housing. Byproduct heat at moderate temperatures (100 to 180°C) can also be used in absorption chillers for cooling. A plant producing electricity, heat and cold is sometimes called regeneration or more generally: polygene ration plant. Cogeneration is a thermodynamically efficient use of fuel. In separate production of electricity some energy is lost as waste heat, but in cogeneration this energy performs useful work (see energy). Overview. Thermal power plants (including those that use fissile elements or burn coal, petroleum, or natural gas), and heat engines in general, do not convert all of their available energy into electricity. In most heat engines, a bit more than half is wasted as excess heat (see: Second law of thermodynamics). By capturing the excess heat, CHP uses heat that would be wasted in a conventional power plant, potentially reaching an efficiency of up to 70%, compared with at most 40% for the conventional plants. This means that less fuel needs to be consumed to produce the same amount of useful energy. Also, less pollution is produced for a given economic benefit. An exact match between the heat and electricity needs rarely exists. A CHP plant can either meet the need for heat ("heat driven operation") or be run as a power plant with some use of its waste heat. CHP is most efficient when the heat can be used on site or very close to it. Overall efficiency is reduced when the heat must be transported over longer distances. This requires heavily insulated pipes, which are expensive and inefficient; whereas electricity can be transmitted along a comparatively simple wire, and over much longer distances for the same energy loss. A car motor becomes a CHP plant in winter, when the reject heat is useful for warming the interior of the vehicle. This example scores the point that deployment of CHP depends on heat uses in the neighbourhood of the heat engine. Cogeneration plants are commonly found in district heating systems of big towns, hospitals, prisons, oil refineries, paper mills, wastewater treatment plants, thermal enhanced oil recovery wells and industrial plants with large heating needs. Quakenbrück Quakenbrück is a small town in Lower Saxony. It has about 13,000 inhabitants. Dew point The dew point is the temperature where water vapor condenses into liquid water. All air holds different amounts of water vapor. The dew point shows the amount of moisture in the air. The higher the dew point is, the higher the level of moisture in the air at a given temperature. The dew point of humid air will be higher than the dew point of dry air. Condensation of water vapor starts when the temperature of air is lowered to its dew point and beyond. The dew point, like other measures of humidity, can be found from measurement taken by a hygrometer. Podgorica Podgorica () is the capital of Montenegro. In 2011, the population was 185,937. Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur The Región Autónoma del Atlántico Sur is an independent part of Nicaragua. It is often simply known as RAAS. Its capital is Bluefields. It was made when new regions were formed in Nicaragua in 1989. The old region was turned into Atlántico Sur and Atlántico Norte. The capital of Atlántico Norte is Puerto Cabezas. There is also a popular tourist place called Corn Island, which is about 45 km from the capital Bluefields Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte is an autonomous region of Nicaragua. It was created in 1989. Its capital is Puerto Cabezas. Often the name is shotened to RAAN. Compressor Compressor could mean: Gas compressor A gas compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. Compression of a gas naturally increases its temperature. When the gas is air, the machine is called an air compressor. Compressors are similar to pumps: both increase the pressure on a fluid and both can transport the fluid through a pipe. As gases are compressible, the compressor also reduces the volume of a gas. Liquids are relatively incompressible, so the main action of a pump is to transport liquids. Types of compressors. There are many different types of gas compressors. The two primary categories are: The more important types in each of the four sub-categories are discussed below. Centrifugal compressors. Centrifugal compressors use a vaned rotating disk or impeller in a shaped housing to force the gas to the rim of the impeller, increasing the velocity of the gas. A diffuser (divergent duct) section converts the velocity energy to pressure energy. They are primarily used for continuous, stationary service in industries such as oil refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants and natural gas processing plants. Their application can be from 100 hp (75 kW) to thousands of horsepower. With multiple staging, they can achieve extremely high output pressures greater than 10,000 psi (69 MPa). Many large snow-making operations (like a ski resort) use this type of compressor. They are also used in internal combustion engines as superchargers and turbochargers. Centrifugal compressors are used in small gas turbine engines or as the final compression stage of medium-sized gas turbines. Diagonal or mixed-flow compressors. Diagonal or mixed-flow compressors are similar to centrifugal compressors, but have a radial and axial velocity component at the exit from the rotor. The diffuser is often used to turn diagonal flow to the axial direction. The diagonal compressor has a lower diameter diffuser than the equivalent centrifugal compressor. Axial-flow compressors. Axial-flow compressors use a series of fan-like rotating rotor blades to progressively compress the gasflow. Stationary stator vanes, located downstream of each rotor, redirect the flow onto the next set of rotor blades. The area of the gas passage diminishes through the compressor to maintain a roughly constant axial Mach number. Axial-flow compressors are normally used in high flow applications, such as medium to large gas turbine engines. They are almost always multi-staged. Beyond about 4:1 design pressure ratio, variable geometry is often used to improve operation. Reciprocating compressors. Reciprocating compressors use pistons driven by a crankshaft. They can be either stationary or portable, can be single or multi-staged, and can be driven by electric motors or internal combustion engines. Small reciprocating compressors from 5 to 30 horsepower (hp) are commonly seen in automotive applications and are typically for intermittent duty. Larger reciprocating compressors up to 1000 hp are still commonly found in large industrial applications, but their numbers are declining as they are replaced by various other types of compressors. Discharge pressures can range from low pressure to very high pressure (>5000 psi or 35 MPa). In certain applications, such as air compression, multi-stage double-acting compressors are said to be the most efficient compressors available, and are typically larger, noisier, and more costly than comparable rotary units. Rotary screw compressors. Rotary screw compressors use two meshed rotating positive-displacement helical screws to force the gas into a smaller space. These are usually used for continuous operation in commercial and industrial applications and may be either stationary or portable. Their application can be from 3 hp (2.24 kW) to over 500 hp (375 kW) and from low pressure to very high pressure (>1200 psi or 8.3 MPa). They are commonly seen with roadside repair crews powering air-tools. This type is also used for many automobile engine superchargers because it is easily matched to the induction capacity of a piston engine. Scroll compressors. A scroll compressor, also known as scroll pump and scroll vacuum pump, uses two interleaved spiral-like vanes to pump or compress fluids such as liquids and gases. The vane geometry may be involute, archimedean spiral, or hybrid curves. They operate more smoothly, quietly, and reliably than other types of compressors. Often, one of the scrolls is fixed, while the other orbits eccentrically without rotating, thereby trapping and pumping or compressing pockets of fluid between the scrolls. Diaphragm compressors. A diaphragm compressor (also known as a membrane compressor) is a variant of the conventional reciprocating compressor. The compression of gas occurs by the movement of a flexible membrane, instead of an intake element. The back and forth movement of the membrane is driven by a rod and a crankshaft mechanism. Only the membrane and the compressor box come in touch with the gas being compressed. Diaphragm compressors are used for hydrogen and compressed natural gas (CNG) as well as in a number of other applications. Miscellany. Air compressors sold to and used by the general public are often attached on top of a tank for holding the pressurized air. Oil-lubricated and oil-free compressors are available. Oil-free compressors are desirable because without a properly designed separator, oil can make its way into the air stream. For some purposes, for example as a diving air compressor, even a little oil in the air stream may be unacceptable. Temperature. Charles's law says "when a gas is compressed, temperature is raised". There are three possible relationships between temperature and pressure in a volume of gas undergoing compression: Staged compression. Since compression generates heat, the compressed gas is to be cooled between stages making the compression less adiabatic and more isothermal. The inter-stage coolers cause condensation meaning water separators with drain valves are present. The compressor flywheel may drive a cooling fan. For instance in a typical diving compressor, the air is compressed in three stages. If each stage has a compression ratio of 7 to 1, the compressor can output 343 times atmospheric pressure (7 x 7 x 7 = 343 Atmospheres). Applications. Gas compressors are used in various applications where either higher pressures or lower volumes of gas are needed: Cash Cash is a form of currency, such as banknotes or coins. There is usually different sorts in every country. Bookkeeping and finance. In bookkeeping and finance, "cash" can also refer to checks, money orders, cashier's checks, bank drafts, or traveler's checks. In all these forms, the term indicates the most liquid form of assets, which have a fixed value and can be easily converted to currency: "ready money". For example, wages or salaries paid as "cash" (as opposed to, e.g., stock options) would in most countries normally be paid with checks or direct bank deposits, which are trivially convertible to currency. Hemer Hemer is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. About 35,000 people live there. Heating Heating is making something warm. It could mean: HVACR "R" stand for Refrigeration Heating devices, or systems: Heat engine In engineering and thermodynamics, a heat engine converts heat energy to mechanical work by using the temperature difference between a hot "source" and a cold "sink". Heat is transferred from the source, through the "working body" of the engine, to the "sink", and in this process some of the heat changes into work by using the qualities of the gas or liquid inside the engine. There are many kinds of heat engines. Each has a thermodynamic cycle. Heat engines are often named after the thermodynamic cycle they use, like the Carnot cycle. They often pick up everyday names, such as gasoline/petrol, turbine, or steam engines. Internal combustion engines generate heat inside the engine itself. Other heat engines may absorb heat from an external source. Heat engines can be open to the air or sealed and closed off to the outside (This is called an Open or Closed cycle). Overview. When scientists study heat engines they come up with ideas for engines that cannot actually be built. These are called ideal engines or cycles. Real heat engines are often confused with the ideal engines or cycles they attempt to mimic. Typically when describing the physical device the term 'engine' is used. When describing the ideal the term 'cycle' is used. One could say that the thermodynamic cycle is an ideal case of the mechanical engine. One could equally say that the model does not quite perfectly match the mechanical engine. However, much benefit is gained from the simplified models, and ideal cases they may represent. In general terms, the larger the difference in temperature between the hot source and the cold sink, the more efficient the cycle or engine. On Earth, the cold side of any heat engine is limited to the air temperature of the place where the engine is. Most efforts to improve the efficiency of heat engines goes into increasing the temperature of the heat source, but at very high temperatures the metal of the engine begins to go soft. The efficiency of various heat engines proposed or used today ranges from 3 percent (97 percent waste heat) for the OTEC ocean power proposal through 25 percent for most automotive engines, to 45 percent for a supercritical coal plant, to about 60 percent for a steam-cooled combined cycle gas turbine. All of these processes gain their efficiency (or lack thereof) due to the temperature drop across them. The least efficient, OTEC, uses the temperature difference of ocean water on the surface and ocean water from the depths, a small difference of perhaps 25 degrees Celsius, and so the efficiency must be low. The most efficient, the combined cycle gas turbine burns natural-gas to heat air to nearly 1530 degrees Celsius, a large temperature difference of 1500 degrees Celsius, and so the efficiency can be very large when the steam-cooling cycle is added. Everyday examples. People mostly use heat engines where the heat comes from a fire that expands a working fluid (usually either water or air) and the heat sink is either a body of water or the atmosphere as in a cooling tower. Familiar ones that use the expansion of heated gases include: the steam engine, the diesel engine, and the gasoline (petrol) engine in an automobile. The Stirling engine is much rarer but is found in small models which can run off the heat of a hand. One kind of toy heat engine is the drinking bird. A bimetallic strip is a device that converts temperature into mechanical movement and is used in thermostats to control temperature. It is a heat engine that does not use a liquid or gas. Thermodynamic cycle A thermodynamic cycle is a series of thermodynamic processes which returns a system to its initial state. Properties depend only on the thermodynamic state and thus do not change over a cycle. Variables such as heat and work are not zero over a cycle, but rather depend on the process. The first law of thermodynamics dictates that the net heat input is equal to the net work output over any cycle. The repeating nature of the process path allows for continuous operation, making the cycle an important concept in thermodynamics. If the cyclic process moves clockwise around the loop, then it represents a heat engine, and W will be positive. If it moves counterclockwise then it represents a heat pump, and W will be negative. Classes. Two primary classes of thermodynamic cycles are power cycles and heat pump cycles. Power cycles are cycles which convert some heat input into a mechanical work output, while heat pump cycles transfer heat from low to high temperatures using mechanical work input. Thermodynamic power cycles. Thermodynamic power cycles are the basis for the operation of heat engines, which supply most of the world's electric power and run almost all motor vehicles. Power cycles can be divided according to the type of heat engine they seek to model. The most common cycles that model internal combustion engines are the Otto cycle, which models gasoline engines and the Diesel cycle, which models diesel engines. Cycles that model external combustion engines include the Brayton cycle, which models gas turbines, and the Rankine cycle, which models steam turbines. Other websites. Educational software links: Christoph Metzelder Christoph Metzelder (born 5 November 1980 in Haltern, Germany) is a German football player. He plays for Real Madrid In the Germany national team he has played in 47 matches and scored no goal. Club career statistics. 158||6||5||0||21||0||184||6 21||0||3||0||4||0||28||0 179||6||8||0||25||0||212||6 International career statistics. !Total||47||0 Thermodynamic system In thermodynamics, a thermodynamic system, originally called a "working substance", is defined as that part of the universe that is under consideration. A real or imaginary boundary separates the system from the rest of the universe, which is referred to as the environment or surroundings (sometimes called a reservoir.) A useful classification of thermodynamic systems is based on the nature of the boundary and the quantities flowing through it, such as matter, energy, work, heat, and entropy. A system can be anything, for example a cylinder, a solution in a test tube, a living organism, or a planet, etc. Treat Treat could mean: Piston In general, a piston is a lubricated sliding shaft that fits tightly inside the opening of a cylinder. Its purpose is to change the volume enclosed by the cylinder, to exert a force on a fluid inside the cylinder, to cover and uncover ports, or some combination of these. A rubber seal is sometimes used to keep the lubricate within the shaft. Due to the constant motion of the machine this seal wears quickly and should be replaced with every servicing. If the seal should break during usage there can be disastrous long lasting consequences for the machine. Creating force. There are two ways that a piston engine can transform combustion into motive power. These are two-stroke and four-stroke. A single cylinder two-stroke engine produces power every crankshaft revolution, while a single cylinder four-stroke engine produces power once every two revolutions. Older designs of small two-stroke engines produced more pollution than four stroke engines. However, modern two-stroke designs, like the Vespa ET2 Injection use fuel-injection and are as clean as four-strokes. Large diesel two-stroke engines, as used in ships and locomotives, have always used fuel injection and produce low emissions. One of the biggest internal combustion engines in the world, the Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C is a two-stroke; it is bigger than most two-story houses, has pistons nearly 1 metre in diameter and is one of the most efficient mobile engines in existence. In theory, a four stroke engine has to be larger than a two stroke engine to produce an equivalent amount of power. Two stroke engines are becoming less common in developed countries these days, mainly due to manufacturer reluctance to invest in reducing two-stroke emissions. Traditionally, two stroke engines were reputed to need more maintenance. Even though the simplest two stroke engines have fewer moving parts, they could wear out faster than four stroke engines. However fuel-injected two-strokes achieve better engine lubrication, and cooling and reliability should improve considerably. External combustion engine. A steam engine is another type of piston engine. In most steam engines, the pistons are "double acting": steam is alternately admitted to either end of the cylinder, so that every piston stroke produces power. Pinyin Pinyin is the Mandarin word for "spelling", writing letters showing the sound of a word in place of a Chinese character. Today, it almost always has the sense of Hanyu Pinyin, the way of writing Mandarin sounds which has been used by the People's Republic of China from the 1950s. Other countries like the United States and Taiwan used other ways of spelling Chinese (such as the Wade-Giles way) for a long time, but in the late 20th century started to use Hanyu Pinyin as well. It is the standard of China as well as the United Nations. It is the most common romanization system for Chinese. Pinyin uses Roman letters in a special way for certain Chinese sounds. For example, the pinyin letter C is pronounced as /ts/ as in the English word "cats" or the Japanese word "tsunami", and does not sound at all like /k/ or /s/ by itself. Pinyin uses special marks to show the four Chinese tones, which are very important to using Mandarin clearly. Consonants. b p m f w d t n l g k ng h j q x y z c s Vowels. a e i o u ü Basic combinations of vowel and consonant. ai ei ao ou an en ang eng ong Tones. There are five kinds of tone in Pinyin: ā, á, ǎ, à, a Syllable-dividing mark ("geyin fuhao"). "Geyin fuhao" is used after the syllables starting with vowels "a, o, e", for example: pi'ao. Orthography. We should divide Pinyin text by words and write syllables connectedly, such as "I am a foreigner" should be written as "Wo shi waiguoren" in Pinyin. Susianna Kentikian Susianna "Susi" Kentikian (born September 11, 1987) is a woman boxer from Germany. She was born in Yerevan, Armenian SSR, but she left the country together with her family when she was five years old, because of the Nagorno-Karabakh War. Kentikian has lived in Hamburg since 1996 and has signed a contract with the Hamburg boxing promoter Spotlight Boxing. Kentikian is the current world champion with the boxing organizations WBA and WIBF in the flyweight weight class. Banknote A banknote (more commonly known as a bill in the United States and Canada) is a paper by which a bank promises to pay to the bearer on demand. Together with coins, banknotes make up the cash forms of all modern money. Coins are generally used for lower valued monetary units, and banknotes for higher values. Originally, the value of money was determined by the value of the material the money was made of, such as silver or gold. However, carrying around a lot of precious metal was cumbersome and often dangerous. As an alternative, banknotes would be issued. In financial terms, a note is a promise to pay someone money. Banknotes were originally a promise to give an amount of precious metal to anyone who presented the paper. People could pay for things by giving the banknote, and thus the stored value (usually in gold or silver coins kept in the bank's vault) that the banknote promised. Banknotes in Europe. In Europe the first paper money consisted of paper 'coins' issued in Protestant Leyden (today, Leiden) in the Netherlands during the Spanish siege of 1574. Over 5000 of the estimated 14,000 residents of Leyden died, mostly due to starvation. Even leather (often used to create emergency currency) was boiled and used to feed the people. So to create currency, the residents took covers and paper from hymnals and church missives and created paper planchets, which were struck using the same dies that were previously used to mint coins. The first proper European banknotes were issued by Stockholms Banco, a predecessor of the Bank of Sweden, in 1660, although the bank ran out of coins to redeem its notes in 1664 and ceased operating in that year. Banknotes in the Americas. Emergency paper money hand-written on playing cards was used in French Canada from 1685. In the early 1690s, the Massachusetts Bay Colony was the first of the colonies to issue the permanently circulating banknotes. The use of fixed denominations and printed banknotes came into use in the 18th century. In the United States, public acceptance of banknotes in replacement of precious metals was hastened in part by Executive Order 6102. This order carried the threat of a maximum $10,000 fine and a maximum of ten years in prison for anyone who kept more than $100 of gold in preference to bank notes. Similar measures were taken worldwide, with similar results. Common cold The common cold is caused by viruses. It spreads easily, so it is very infectious. The symptoms are mostly in the upper respiratory system. Its damage is mostly felt in the nose and throat. The symptoms include coughs, painful throat, runny nose and fever. These symptoms usually last seven to ten days, but sometimes up to three weeks. "Over two hundred different viruses can cause the common cold": that is why the details vary so much. Rhinoviruses are the most common cause. The common cold mostly hurts the nose, pharynx, throat, and the sinuses (sinusitis). The symptoms come from the immune system's response to the infection, not from direct destruction by the viruses themselves. Hand washing is good, but the viruses also spread through moist air. Close contact with infected people is common in many cities. Wearing face masks might help, especially on any mass transit system (railways, underground, buses...). There is no cure for the common cold, but the symptoms can be treated. It is the most frequent infectious disease in humans. The average person gets two to three colds every year. The average child gets between 6 and 12 colds every year. These colds have been with humans for as long as we have a history. Signs and symptoms. The most common symptoms of a cold are a cough, runny nose, a stuffy nose, and a sore throat. Other issues are sore muscles, feeling tired, headache, and not wanting to eat. Around 40% of people with colds have a sore throat, while around 50% have a cough. Muscle ache happens in about half of the cases. A fever is an uncommon symptom in adults, but it is common in infants and young children. The cough caused by a cold is usually mild compared to a cough caused by influenza (the flu). A cough and a fever indicate a higher likelihood of the flu in adults. A number of the viruses that cause the common cold may also result in no symptoms. The color of the mucus that is coughed up from the lungs (sputum) may vary in color from clear to yellow to green. This color does not indicate if an infection is caused by viruses or bacteria. Progression. A cold usually begins with feeling tired, a feeling of being chilled, sneezing, and a headache. Additional symptoms such as runny nose and cough follow within two or more days. Symptoms typically reach their worst two to three days after the infection begins. Symptoms usually end after seven to ten days, but can last up to three weeks. The cough lasts for more than ten days in 35% to 40% of cases involving children. It lasts for more than 25 days in 10% of cases involving children. Cause. Viruses. The common cold is an easily spread infection of the upper respiratory tract. Rhinoviruses cause 30% to 80% of all cases. A rhinovirus is an RNA-containing virus. There are 99 known types of this kind of virus. Other viruses can also cause the common cold. "Coronavirus" causes 10% to 15% of cases. The flu causes 5% to 15% of cases. Often, more than one virus is present and causing the infection. In total, over two hundred different viruses are associated with colds. Transmission. The common cold virus is usually spread in one of two main ways. By breathing or swallowing droplets in the air containing the virus; or by contacting infected nasal mucus or contaminated objects. The most common method of transmitting the cold virus has not been determined. The viruses may survive for a long time in the environment. Viruses may then be transmitted from the hands to the eyes or nose where infection occurs. People sitting close together appear at greater risk of becoming infected. Transmission is common in day cares and at schools, due to the closeness of many children with little immunity and frequently poor hygiene. These infections are then brought home to other members of the family. There is no evidence that the air on commercial flights transmits cold viruses. Rhinoviruses are most infectious in the first three days of cold symptoms. They are much less infectious afterwards. Weather. The traditional theory was that the disease spread to someone staying too long in cold weather, rain, or winter conditions. This is how the disease got its name. The role of body cooling as a risk factor for the common cold is controversial. Some common cold viruses are seasonal, found more often in cold or wet weather. This is believed to mostly be due to more time spent indoors, close to each other; specifically children returning to school. Still, changes in the respiratory system may result in easier infections. Dry air may increase transmission rates by allowing small easily spread droplets to spread farther and stay in the air longer. Other. Herd immunity, immunity that occurs when an entire group of people become immune to a particular infection, occurs from previous exposure to cold viruses. Thus younger populations have greater rates of respiratory infections and older populations have lower rates of respiratory infections. Poor immune function is also a risk factor for disease. Lack of sleep and poor nutrition have also been associated with a greater risk of developing infection following rhinovirus exposure. This is believed to be due to their effects on immune function. Pathophysiology. The symptoms of the common cold are believed to be mostly related to the immune response to the virus. The mechanism of this immune response is virus-specific. For example, the rhinovirus is typically acquired by direct contact. It binds to human ICAM-1 receptors through unknown methods to trigger the release of inflammatory mediators. These inflammatory mediators then produce the symptoms. It does not generally cause damage to the nasal epithelium. In contrast, the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is contacted by both direct contact and airborne droplets. It then replicates in the nose and throat before frequently spreading to the lower respiratory tract. RSV does cause epithelium damage. Human parainfluenza virus typically results in inflammation of the nose, throat, and airways. In young children, when it affects the trachea it may produce croup, a hoarse cough and difficulty breathing. This is due to the small size of the airway in children. Diagnosis. The distinction between different upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) is loosely based on the location of the symptoms. The common cold primarily affects the nose, pharyngitis primarily affects the throat, and bronchitis primarily affects the lungs. The common cold is frequently defined as inflammation of the nose and may include varying amounts of throat inflammation. Self-diagnosis is common. Isolation of the actual viral agent involved is rarely performed. It is generally not possible to identify the specific virus through symptoms. Prevention. The only effective way to prevent the common cold is by physically preventing the spread of the viruses. This primarily includes hand washing and wearing face masks. In the health care environment, gowns and disposable gloves are also worn. Isolating infected individuals is not possible because the disease is so widespread and symptoms are not specific. Vaccination has proved difficult because there are so many viruses involved and the viruses undergo rapid change. Developing a broadly effective vaccine is very unlikely. Regular hand washing reduces the spread of cold viruses. It is most effective and is especially recommended for use in children, due to a lack of evidence supporting the effectiveness of over-the-counter cold medicines for children, and due to the risk for harm from those medicines. In 2009, Canada restricted the use of over-the-counter cough and cold medication in children six years old and younger due to concerns regarding risks and unproven benefits. The misuse of dextromethorphan (an over-the-counter cough medicine) has led to its ban in a number of countries. In adults, the symptoms of a runny nose can be reduced by first-generation antihistamines. However, first-generation antihistamines are associated with adverse side effects such as drowsiness. Other decongestants such as pseudoephedrine are also effective in adults. Ipratropium nasal spray may reduce the symptoms of a runny nose, but there is little effect on stuffiness. Second-generation antihistamines do not appear to be effective. Due to the lack of studies, it is not known whether drinking more fluids improves symptoms or shortens respiratory illness. A similar lack of data exists for the use of heated humidified air. One study found chest vapor rub to be effective in providing some symptomatic relief of night-time cough, congestion, and sleep difficulty. Antibiotics and antivirals. Antibiotics have no effect against viral infections and thus have no effect against the common cold. Antibiotics are often prescribed even though antibiotic side effects cause overall harm. Antibiotics are commonly prescribed because people expect doctors to prescribe them, and doctors want to help people. Prescribing antibiotics also happens because it is difficult to exclude causes of infection that may be managed by antibiotics. There are no effective antiviral drugs for the common cold, even though some preliminary research has shown benefit. Alternative treatments. While there are many alternative treatments used for the common cold, there is not enough scientific evidence to support the use of most treatments. As of 2010, there is not enough evidence to recommend for or against either honey or nasal irrigation. Zinc supplements may reduce the severity and duration of symptoms when taken within 24 hours of their onset. The effect of vitamin C on the common cold, while extensively researched, is disappointing. Evidence about the usefulness of echinacea is inconsistent. Different types of echinacea supplements may vary in their effectiveness. Outcome. The common cold is generally mild and goes away on its own with most symptoms improving in one week. Severe complications, if they occur, are usually in the very old, the very young, or those who are immunosuppressed (have a weakened immune system). Secondary bacterial infections may occur resulting in sinusitis, pharyngitis, or an ear infection. It is estimated that sinusitis occurs in 8% of cases. Ear infections occur in 30% of cases. Likelihood. The common cold is the most common human disease and people are affected all around the world. Adults typically have two to five infections per year. Children may have six to ten colds per year (and up to twelve colds per year for school children). Rates of symptomatic infections increase in the elderly due to a weakening immune system. History. While the cause of the common cold has been known since only the 1950s, the disease has been with humanity since ancient times. Its symptoms and treatment are described in the Egyptian Ebers papyrus, the oldest existing medical text, written before the 16th century BC. The name "common cold" came into use in the 16th century, due to the similarity between its symptoms and those of exposure to cold weather. In the United Kingdom, the Common Cold Unit (CCU) was set up by the Medical Research Council in 1946, and it was here that the rhinovirus was discovered in 1956. In the 1970s, the CCU demonstrated that treatment with interferon during the incubation phase of rhinovirus infection provided some protection against the disease. No practical treatment could be developed. The unit was closed in 1989, two years after it completed research of zinc gluconate lozenges in the prevention and treatment of rhinovirus colds. Zinc was the only successful treatment developed in the history of the CCU. Economic impact. The economic impact of the common cold is poorly understood in much of the world. In the United States, the common cold leads to 75 million to 100 million physician visits annually, costing at least $7.7 billion per year (by conservative cost estimates). Americans spend $2.9 billion on over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Americans spend an additional $400 million on prescription medicines for symptomatic relief. More than one-third of people who saw a doctor received an antibiotic prescription. The use of antibiotic prescriptions has implications for antibiotic resistance. An estimated 22 million to 189 million school days are missed each year due to a cold. As a result, parents missed 126 million workdays to stay home to care for their children. When added to the 150 million workdays missed by employees suffering from a cold, the total economic impact of cold-related work loss exceeds $20 billion per year. This accounts for 40% of time lost from work in the United States. Research. A number of antivirals have been tested for effectiveness in the common cold. As of 2009, none have been both found effective and licensed for use. There are ongoing trials of the antiviral drug pleconaril. It shows promise against picornaviruses. There are also ongoing trials of BTA-798. The oral form of pleconaril had safety issues and an aerosol form is being studied. Researchers from the University of Maryland, College Park and the University of Wisconsin–Madison have mapped the genome for all known virus strains that cause the common cold. Qajar dynasty The Qajar dynasty (Persian: سلسله قاجار), was an Iranian dynasty that originated from the Turkmen Qajar tribe. It ruled Iran from 1789 to 1925. Zenwalk Linux Zenwalk (formerly Minislack), or Zenwalk Linux, is a Linux distribution started by Jean-Philippe Guillemin. It was at first based on Slackware. Since its creation, the distribution has become very different from Slackware while still still being able to use its binary packages. Zenwalk aims to be a Linux distribution with many uses by focusing on Internet applications, multimedia and programming tools. Aims. The Zenwalk Project aims to create a Linux operating system that can be used on old and slow computers through the use of the latest software available for a stable release, optimization for a specific processor architecture to increase execution speed, and introduces a very powerful package management system with dependency resolution. Project versions. There are four main versions of Zenwalk: Zenwalk (full version ~ 420 MB iso download) is a distribution aimed at mainstream desktop use. Designed to be a stand-alone operating system, it installs to the hard drive by way of a ncurses-based installer. It includes all of the officially released software packages that are deemed most useful for their tasks. This collection may change with every release. Zenwalk Core (~ 230 MB iso download) is a Zenwalk system built with customization in mind. Released with no X Window System binaries, its aim is to allow a skilled user to build a system fit for his or her needs. The project's lead developer is Emmanuel Bailleul. ZenLive (~ 476 MB iso download) is a Zenwalk system built on a Live CD design. ZenLive follows the progress made by the full Zenwalk system closely, thus mirroring the version number, and attempts to stay true to the original distribution's goals. In addition, it includes all of the necessary libraries and applications to develop and compile software, a particularly rare feature in Live CD distributions. Project members include Pierrick Le Brun, creator, Mauricio Tricoli, project lead, and Michael Verret, artwork. Zenserver (~ 263 MB iso download) is a Zenwalk Core-derived system specifically designed for servers. The main goals are to create a secure, reliable, easy to use, easy to configure, expandable and dependable server operating system, in the best Zenwalk tradition. The distribution development team is led by Teran McKinney. Distributions based on Zenwalk. There are currently four Zenwalk-based distributions: Thermodynamic equilibrium In thermodynamics, a thermodynamic system is said to be in thermodynamic equilibrium when it is in thermal equilibrium, mechanical equilibrium, radiative equilibrium, and chemical equilibrium. The local state of a system at thermodynamic equilibrium is determined by the values of its intensive parameters, as pressure, temperature, etc. Specifically, thermodynamic equilibrium is characterized by the minimum of a thermodynamic potential. Thermodynamic potential In thermodynamics, thermodynamic potentials are parameters associated with a thermodynamic system and have the dimensions of energy. They are called "potentials" because in a sense, they describe the amount of potential energy in a thermodynamic system when it is subjected to certain constraints. The different potentials correspond to different constraints to which the system may be subjected. The four most common thermodynamic potentials are: where "T" = temperature, "S" = entropy, "p" = pressure, "V" = volume. The Helmholtz free energy is often denoted by the symbol "F", but the use of "A" is preferred by IUPAC (See Alberty, 2001). formula_1 is the number of particles of type "i" in the system. For the sake of completeness, the set of all formula_1 are also included as natural variables, although they are sometimes ignored. Description and interpretation. Thermodynamic potentials are very useful when calculating the equilibrium results of a chemical reaction, or when measuring the properties of materials in a chemical reaction. The chemical reactions usually take place under some simple constraints such as constant pressure and temperature, or constant entropy and volume, and when this is true, there is a corresponding thermodynamic potential which comes into play. Just as in mechanics, the system will tend towards lower values of potential and at equilibrium, under these constraints, the potential will take on an unchanging minimum value. The thermodynamic potentials can also be used to estimate the total amount of energy available from a thermodynamic system under the appropriate constraint. Thermal efficiency The thermal efficiency (formula_1) is a dimensionless performance measure of a thermal device such as an internal combustion engine, a boiler, or a furnace, for example. The input, formula_2, to the device is heat, or the heat-content of a fuel that is consumed. The desired output is mechanical work, formula_3, or heat, formula_4, or possibly both. Because the input heat normally has a real financial cost, a memorable, generic definition of thermal efficiency is formula_5 From the first and second law of thermodynamics, the output can not exceed what is input, so formula_6 When expressed as a percentage, the thermal efficiency must be between 0% and 100%. Due to inefficiencies such as friction, heat loss, and other factors, thermal efficiencies are typically much less than 100%. For example, a typical gasoline automobile engine operates at around 25% thermal efficiency, and a large coal-fueled electrical generating plant peaks at about 36%. In a combined cycle plant thermal efficiencies are approaching 60%. Heat engines. When transforming thermal energy into mechanical energy, the thermal efficiency of a heat engine is the percentage of energy that is transformed into work. Thermal efficiency is defined as formula_7, or via the first law of thermodynamics to substitute waste heat rejection for the work produced, formula_8. For example, when 1000 joules of thermal energy is transformed into 300 joules of mechanical energy (with the remaining 700 joules dissipated as waste heat), the thermal efficiency is 30%. Energy conversion. For an energy conversion device like a boiler or furnace, the thermal efficiency is formula_9. So, for a boiler that produces 210 kW (or 700,000 BTU/h) output for each 300 kW (or 1,000,000 BTU/h) heat-equivalent input, its thermal efficiency is 210/300 = 0.70, or 70%. This means that the 30% of the energy is lost to the environment. An electric resistance heater has a thermal efficiency of at or very near 100%, so, for example, 1500W of heat are produced for 1500W of electrical input. When comparing heating units, such as a 100% efficient electric resistance heater to an 80% efficient natural gas-fueled furnace, energy prices must be compared to find the lower cost. Heat pumps and Refrigerators. Heat pumps, refrigerators, and air conditioners, for example, move heat, rather than convert it, so other measures are needed to describe their thermal performance. The common measures are the coefficient-of-performance (COP), energy-efficiency ratio (EER), and seasonal-energy-efficiency ratio (SEER). The Efficiency of a Heat pump (HP) and Refrigerators (R)*: formula_10 formula_11 formula_12 If temperatures at both ends of the Heat Pump or Refrigerator are constant and their processes reversible: formula_13 formula_14 *H=high (temperature/heat source), L=low (temperature/heat source) Energy efficiency. The 'thermal efficiency' is sometimes called the energy efficiency. In the United States, in everyday usage the SEER is the more common measure of energy efficiency for cooling devices, as well as for heat pumps when in their heating mode. For energy-conversion heating devices their peak steady-state thermal efficiency is often stated, e.g., 'this furnace is 90% efficient', but a more detailed measure of seasonal energy effectiveness is the Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE). Thermodynamic state A thermodynamic state is the macroscopic condition of a thermodynamic system as described by its particular thermodynamic parameters. The state of any thermodynamic system can be described by a set of thermodynamic parameters, such as temperature, pressure, density, composition, independently of its surroundings or history. The parameters required to specify the state depend on the characteristics of the system. There is an optimal ensemble of parameters that uniquely specify the state, and all other parameters can be derived from these. The "state postulate" says that the state of a simple compressible system is completely specified by two independent, intensive properties. Thermal physics Thermal physics is the combined study of thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and kinetic theory. This umbrella-subject is typically designed for physics students and functions to provide a general introduction to each of three core heat-related subjects. Other authors, however, define thermal physics loosely as a summation of only thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. Overview. Thermal physics, generally speaking, is the study of the statistical nature of physical systems from an energetic perspective. Starting with the basics of heat and temperature, thermal physics analyzes the first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics from the statistical perspective, in terms of the number of microstates corresponding to a given macrostate. In addition, the concept of entropy is studied via quantum theory. A central topic in thermal physics is the canonical probability distribution. The electromagnetic nature of photons and phonons are studied which show that the oscillations of electromagnetic fields and of crystal lattices have much in common. Waves form a basis for both, provided one incorporates quantum theory. Other topics studied in thermal physics include: chemical potential, the quantum nature of an ideal gas, i.e. in terms of fermions and bosons, Bose-Einstein condensation, Gibbs free energy, Helmholtz free energy, chemical equilibrium, phase equilibrium, the equipartition theorem, entropy at absolute zero, and transport processes as mean free path, viscosity, and conduction. Thermodynamic instruments. There are two types of thermodynamic instruments, the meter and the reservoir. A thermodynamic meter is any device which measures any parameter of a thermodynamic system. In some cases, the thermodynamic parameter is actually defined in terms of an idealized measuring instrument. For example, the zeroth law states that if two bodies are in thermodynamic equilibrium with a third body, they are also in thermodynamic equilibrium with each other. This principle, as noted by James Maxwell in 1872, asserts that it is possible to measure temperature. An idealized thermometer is a sample of an ideal gas at constant pressure. A thermodynamic reservoir is a system which is so large that it does not appreciably alter its state parameters when brought into contact with the test system. It is important that these two types of instruments are distinct. A meter does not perform its task accurately if it behaves like a reservoir of the state variable it is trying to measure. If, for example, a thermometer, were to act as a temperature reservoir it would alter the temperature of the system being measured, and the reading would be incorrect. Ideal meters have no effect on the state variables of the system they are measuring. Statistical mechanics Statistical mechanics is the application of probability theory, which includes mathematical tools for dealing with large populations, to the field of mechanics, which is concerned with the motion of particles or objects when subjected to a force. It provides a framework for relating the microscopic properties of individual atoms and molecules to the macroscopic or bulk properties of materials that can be observed in everyday life, therefore explaining thermodynamics as a natural result of statistics and mechanics (classical and quantum) at the microscopic level. In particular, it can be used to calculate the thermodynamic properties of bulk materials from the spectroscopic data of individual molecules. This ability to make macroscopic predictions based on microscopic properties is the main asset of statistical mechanics over thermodynamics. Both theories are governed by the second law of thermodynamics through the medium of entropy. However, entropy in thermodynamics can only be known empirically, whereas in statistical mechanics, it is a function of the distribution of the system on its micro-states. Kinetic theory Kinetic theory or "kinetic theory of gases" attempts to explain overall properties of gases, such as pressure, temperature, or volume, by considering their molecular composition and motion. The theory basically states that pressure is not caused by molecules pushing each other away, like earlier scientists thought. Instead, pressure is caused by the molecules colliding with each other and their container. Kinetic theory is also known as "kinetic-molecular theory" or "collision theory". There are three main components to kinetic theory: References. The main postulate of this theory are-- 1.The particles attract each other with a force. This force is called cohesive force if the particles are of same kind and adhesive force when particles are of different kinds. 2. All matter is composed of small particles called molecules. (Atoms or ions as the situation demands). 3. The particles are in a state of unending motion (continuous motion) and as such have kinetic energy. 4. with the supply of heat energy (thermal energy) to matter, the kinetic energy of a particle increase, i.e., they start moving more vigorously. Reverse happens if the matter is cooled.i.e., heat energy is taken out of it. 5. The force of attraction between the particles decreases, if the distance between them increases and vice versa. Last updated Sat,16 May 2020 9:00 pm By Rachit Vishwakarma Frik Frik was an Armenian poet who lived in the 13th and 14th centuries, at the time of Mongolian control over Armenia. Mongolian Mongolian might mean: Yeghishe Charents Yeghishe Charents (born Yeghishe Soghomonian, ) (13 March 1897, Kars - 29 November 1937, Yerevan) was an Armenian poet killed in Stalin's purges. From 1904 to 1912 Yeghishe Soghomonian he was at school in Kars. Amid the upheavals of the First World War and the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire, he volunteered in 1915 for the Caucasian Front. In 1917-1918 he was in Karin Erzurum during the bitter fighting. Some of his experiences would later appear in his poetry. Yeghishe Charents (Soghomonian), one of the nation's favourite poets - a famous philanderer who apparently sought the USSR Kremlin's favours - produced a now famous poem called "The Message". Its praise of Uncle Joe might grind the average set of teeth down to the gum; it included the following: "A new light shone on the world... It is only this sunlight/Which for centuries will stay alive." And more of the same. Undiscovered by the USSR Kremlin's censors for many months, however, Charents (1897 - 1937) had used the first letter of each line to frame a quite different "message", which read: "O Armenian people, your only salvation is in the power of your unity." Whoops! Like the distant Mount Ararat, it was a brave, hopeless symbol, as doomed as it was impressive. Yeghishe Charents was "disappeared" by the NKVD (KGB) in 1937 after being denounced by the architect Alexsandr Tamanyan - now hard at work building Yerevan's new Stalinist opera house - the moment Yeghishe Charents' schoolboy prank was spotted. Then Alexsandr Tamanyan fell from the roof of his still unfinished opera house, and even today Armenians - with their Arab-like desire to believe in "заговор" the plot - ask the obvious questions. Works. "Three songs to the sad and pale girl", poems (1914) "Blue-eyed Homeland", poem (1915) "Soma", poem (1918) Yerevan "Charents-Name", poem (1922) "Uncle Lenin", poem (1924) "Country of Nayiri" (Yerkir Nayiri) (1926) "Epical Sunrise", poems (1930) "Book of the Way", poems (1934) Kars Kars (, ) is a city in northeast Turkey and is the capital of the Kars Province, before at the head of a sanjak in the Turkish vilayet of Erzurum. Population: 8,672 (1878); 20,891 (1897); 54,000 (1970); 142,145 (1990); 130,361 (2000). History. The early history of Kars is little known, beyond that it had its own dynasty of Armenian rulers and was the capital of a region known as Vanand. At some point in the 9th century (at least by 888) it became part of the territory of the Armenian Bagratids. From 928 to 961 Kars became the capital of their kingdom. It was during this period that the Cathedral, later known as the Church of the Apostles, was built. Kars Province Kars is a province of Turkey. It is in the northeastern part of the country. It shares part of its border with the Republic of Armenia. From 1878 until 1917 most of the present-day Turkish province of Kars was part of the Russian oblast of Kars. In 1919 and 1920 the province came under the control of the Democratic Republic of Armenia as the Vanand province (with the city of Kars as its capital). Its territory was ceded to Turkey by the Soviet Union in the Treaty of Kars. Districts. Kars province is divided into 8 districts ("ilçe"), each named after the administrative center of the district: There are 383 villages in Kars. Manny Gamburyan Manvel Gamburyan (was born in 1981) is a mixed martial artist with a history in judo. Manvel was chosen as a participant on the reality show "The Ultimate Fighter 5". He fights on Jens Pulver's team. Manny defeated Noah Thomas in the preliminary round. Life. In May, 1991, Manvel's family relocated from Armenia to United States. Shortly after his arrival, Manvel began training in judo at Gokor Chivichyan's Hayastan MMA Academy and quickly became one of the top judokas in the country, winning junior nationals less than two years later. He went on to win junior nationals eight times, the junior Olympics once, and was a member of the 2000 judo junior world team. The Mickey Mouse Club The Mickey Mouse Club was an American variety television series that began in 1955, ran intermittently, and left the air in 1996. It was directed by Walt Disney Productions. Over the years, the series featured many stellar teenage performers including Annette Funicello, Britney Spears, and Justin Timberlake. The original series ran newsreels, cartoons, talent segments, and Disney produced serials such as The Hardy Boys with Tommy Kirk and Tim Considine. "Mickey Mouse Club" was hosted by Jimmie Dodd, a songwriter and the Head Mouseketeer. He provided leadership both on and off screen. In addition to his other contributions, he often provided short segments encouraging young viewers to make the right moral choices. These little sermons became known as "Doddisms". Fanta Fanta is an orange soda drink. It was created in Germany in 1940. Fanta was created during World War II in Nazi Germany by the German Coca Cola (GmbH) bottling company. Because of the war, there was no shipping between Nazi Germany and the United States. Therefore, the German bottling plant could no longer get Coca-Cola syrup. The manager of the plant, Max Keith, needed to do something to keep the plant going. He came up with a fruit-flavored drink made from whatever he could find. Using apple fiber leftover from lollipops and whey, from cheesemakers, Fanta was created and became quite popular. The original German Fanta had a red-orange color from beets and tasted different from today's Fanta Orange; the flavor would change during the war, depending on what ingredients could be found. Back in America, the Coca-Cola Company—led by Robert Woodruff—did not discourage this. The company sponsored the 1936 Berlin Olympics, which Woodruff attended, and made banners featuring the Coca-Cola logo alongside the swastika. Keith used a 10th anniversary party for Coca-Cola GmbH to order a mass Sieg-Heil (Nazi salute) in honor of the dictator’s 50th birthday. He declared that this was “to commemorate our deepest admiration for our Fuhrer.” The name 'Fanta' came during an employee contest to name the new beverage. Keith told them to let their Fantasie (German for imagination) run wild. On hearing that, salesman Joe Knipp thought of the name "Fanta". After the war, Fanta was brought to the United States by Coca-Cola, and in 1960 they bought the trademark. Fanta Orange is the most popular Fanta flavor. It is available in 180 countries. In terms of volume, Brazil is the largest consumer of Fanta in the world. Fanta is more popular in Europe and South America than in the United States. There are over 90 different flavors worldwide. Most of them are only available by region in some countries. For example, in Romania (and some other countries), there is "Fanta Shokata" based on the traditional Romanian drink "Socată". This drink is made from Elderflower. In Switzerland and the Netherlands the local fruit, blackcurrant is used to make Fanta as well. Some identical flavors have different names in different markets. “The classic orange”, for example, was renamed "Fanta Funky Orange" in 2003 for the Nordic countries and Belgium, while other countries have kept the older "Fanta Orange" brand name. As of the year 2005, the Fanta brand has been connected with the word "Bambaacha" (or "Bamboocha"), which is often seen in the Fanta commercials. TaB diet Cola was originally produced by the Fanta division of Coca-Cola. It was available in different non-cola flavors as well. Later in 2005, Fanta branched out into new Fanta Zero (diet versions) varieties in Great Britain and in other countries as well. Parameter In some non-technical contexts or in jargon, "parameter" may simply be a synonym for criterion. In mathematics, statistics, and the mathematical sciences, parameters (L: "auxiliary measure") are quantities that define certain relatively constant characteristics of systems or functions. Most commonly represented θ in general form, other symbols carry standard, specific meanings. When evaluating the function over a domain or determining the response of the system over a period of time, the independent variables are modulated, while the parameters are held constant. The function or system may then be reevaluated or reprocessed with different parameters, to give a function or system with different behavior. Loosely speaking, the term parameter is used for an argument which is intermediate in status between a variable and a constant. Example. Suppose that you and a friend are both working for the same boss making the same money working the same hours, that the formula would become: Engineering. In engineering (especially involving data acquisition) the term "parameter" sometimes loosely refers to an individual measured item. For example, an airliner flight data recorder may record 88 different items, each termed a parameter. This usage is not consistent, as sometimes the term "channel" refers to an individual measured item, with "parameter" referring to the setup information about that channel. "Speaking generally, properties are those physical quantities which directly describe the physical attributes of the system; parameters are those combinations of the properties which suffice to determine the response of the system. Properties can have all sorts of dimensions, depending upon the system being considered; parameters are dimensionless, or have the dimension of time or its reciprocal." John D. Trimmer, 1950, Response of Physical Systems (New York: Wiley), p. 13. The term can also be used in engineering contexts, however, as it is typically used in the physical sciences. The data that one computer program gives to another are sometimes called parameters. Agavaceae Agavaceae is a family of plants. Many of these plants grow in dry, hot climates. Some grow in the desert. Well-known plants of this family are the agave, yucca, and Joshua tree. The family includes about 550-600 species in around 18 genera. It is widespread in the tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of the world. It is not quite clear how large the family really is. There are genera which some biologists leave out of the family. This includes for example "Cordyline" and "Dracaena", which are sometimes separated off into a separate family, Dracaenaceae. Recent research has tended to incorporate these into a larger family Ruscaceae, though. "Nolina", "Beaucarnea", and "Dasylirion" are sometimes recognized as Nolinaceae or placed in Ruscaceae. Conversely, data from molecular systematics now suggest that Agavaceae should be broadened to include a number of genera previously classified elsewhere. Among them are "Chlorogalum", "Camassia" and the family Anthericaceae. This would enlarge the family with anything up to 22 genera. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group's APG II classification places Agavaceae, along with a number of other families (including Ruscaceae) in an expanded family Asparagaceae. However, APG II allows the alternative of keeping some of these families, including Agavaceae, separate. In this case, it recommends expanding the family to include the genera currently classified in Anemarrhenaceae, Anthericaceae (with "Anthericum" and "Paradisea"), Behniaceae and Herreriaceae. Most references have retained Agavaceae (in varying circumscriptions) as a family distinct from Asparagaceae. "Hesperocallis", sometimes placed in its own family, Hesperocallideaceae, has recently been shown to be closely related and its inclusion in Agavaceae has been recommended (Pires et al. 2004). Some species are succulent. In general, Agavaceae leaves occur as rosettes at the end of a woody stem, which may range from extremely short to tree-like heights, as in the Joshua tree. The leaves are parallel-veined, and usually appear long and pointed, often with a hardened spine on the end, and sometimes with additional spines along the margins. "Agave" species are used to make pulque and mezcal, while others are valued for their fibres. They are quite popular for xeriscaping, many types having showy flowers. Succulent plant Succulent plants are plants that have adapted to very dry climates. They have adapted in such a way that they can store water, either in their leaves, stems or roots. Often, they look different than plants that do not do this. Their leaves may look more fleshy. Almost all cacti are succulents. Not all succulents are cacti. Other plant families with this property are the Agavaceae (Agave family), Azioaceae and Crassulaceae. Other well-known succulents are the Aloe and the bottle tree. Lu Xun (Three Kingdoms) Lu Xun (183-254) was a general in Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. He showed his skills by helping defeat Guan Yu with the Wei army. Sun Quan saw his potential and promoted him to main strategist in the Wu army after the death of Lu Meng. He showed his talents at Yiling where his tactics and fire attack lead Wu to victory. He soon developed a name for himself when at Hefei castle his tactics crushed Wei and Cao Pi leaving only Shu and Liu Bei's son Liu Chan alive, who retreated and Wu gained full control of the land. List of Jupiter's moons There are 80 known moons of Jupiter. Jupiter has the second largest number of moons with reasonably stable orbits of any planet in the Solar System. The most massive of the moons are the four Galilean moons, which were independently discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius. They were the first objects found to orbit a body that was neither Earth nor the Sun. The Galilean moons are by far the largest and most massive objects to orbit Jupiter. The other 75 known moons and the rings together make up just 0.003% of the total orbiting mass. The four are Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. They are roughly the same size as Earth's moon, some are a bit bigger, some are smaller. From the end of the 19th century, dozens of much smaller Jovian moons have been discovered. All these are less than in diameter, with most barely exceeding . Their orbital shapes range from nearly perfectly circular to highly eccentric and inclined. Many revolve in the direction "opposite to Jupiter's spin" (retrograde motion). Orbital periods range from seven hours (taking less time than Jupiter does to spin around its axis), to some three thousand times more (almost three Earth years). List of moons. This list starts with those that go around Jupiter (orbit) the fastest. That is, they have the shortest orbital period. Moons highlighted in purple are the "Galilean moons," moons highlighted in dark gray have a retrograde orbit, and moons with the regular white background have a prograde orbit. Moons of Saturn The planet Saturn has 53 named moons, and another 29 which are still being studied. Many of the moons are very small: 33 are less than in diameter and thirteen moons are less than . Many of the moons are named after Titans, Giants, or minor Greek or Roman gods. Some of Saturn's moons are very large; the moon Titan is bigger than the planet Mercury. Confirmed moons. The moons of Saturn are listed here by orbital period (or semi-major axis), from shortest to longest. Moons massive enough for their surfaces to have collapsed into a spheroid are highlighted in bold, while the irregular moons are listed in red, orange and gray background. Very recently, there have been 20 new discoveries of moons on saturn that have not yet been named. Unconfirmed moons. The following objects (observed by "Cassini") have not been confirmed as solid bodies. It is not yet clear if these are real satellites or merely persistent clumps within the F Ring. Hypothetical moons. Two moons were claimed to be discovered by different astronomers but never seen again. Both moons were said to orbit between Titan and Hyperion. References. Notes Vande Mataram Vande Mataram is the national slogan and national marching song of India. It is not to be confused with the national anthem of India. The lyrics were written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, in a mix of Sanskrit and Bengali. The song was written in 1876, but published in 1882. The title means "Long live the Mother[land]". The first version of the Flag of India had "वन्दे मातरम्" (Vande Mataram) written on it. Controversy. Jana Gana Mana was chosen over "Vande Mataram" as the National Anthem of independent India in January 24, 1950, although before this date, "Vande Mataram" was treated as such. Vande Mataram was rejected because it offended Muslims by calling India "Mother Durga" (a Hindu goddess), equating the nation with Hinduism, and by its origin as part of "Anandamatha", a book they felt had an anti-Muslim message. Lyrics. English. Full version. Translation. Mother, I salute thee! Rich with thy hurrying streams, bright with orchard gleams, Cool with thy winds of delight, Green fields waving Mother of might, Mother free. Glory of moonlight dreams, Over thy branches and lordly streams, Clad in thy blossoming trees, Mother, giver of ease Laughing low and sweet! Mother I kiss thy feet, Speaker sweet and low! Mother, to thee I bow. Who hath said thou art weak in thy lands When swords flash out in seventy million hands And seventy million voices roar Thy dreadful name from shore to shore? With many strengths who art mighty and stored, To thee I call Mother and Lord! Thou who saves, arise and save! To her I cry who ever her foe drove Back from plain and sea And shook herself free. Thou art wisdom, thou art law, Thou art heart, our soul, our breath Though art love divine, the awe In our hearts that conquers death. Thine the strength that nerves the arm, Thine the beauty, thine the charm. Every image made divine In our temples is but thine. Thou art Durga, Lady and Queen, With her hands that strike and her swords of sheen, Thou art Lakshmi lotus-throned, And the Muse a hundred-tone, Pure and perfect without peer, Mother lend thine ear, Rich with thy hurrying streams, Bright with thy orchard gleems, Dark of hue O candid-fair In thy soul, with jewelled hair And thy glorious smile divine, Loveliest of all earthly lands, Showering wealth from well-stored hands! Mother, mother mine! Mother sweet, I bow to thee, Mother great and free! Official version. वन्दे मातरम् सुजलां सुफलां मलयजशीतलाम् सस्य श्यामलां मातरम् | शुभ्र ज्योत्स्ना पुलकित यामिनीम् फुल्ल कुसुमित द्रुमदलशोभिनीम्, सुहासिनीं सुमधुर भाषिणीम् सुखदां वरदां मातरम् || Translation. Mother, I salute thee! Rich with thy hurrying streams, bright with orchard gleams, Cool with thy winds of delight, Green fields waving Mother of might, Mother thee Bengali. Full version. Www.nationalsong.in List of Uranus' moons This is a list of the 27 moons of Uranus. They are listed by how long they take to orbit (go around once) Uranus. They are all named after characters created by William Shakespeare and Alexander Pope. List of Neptune's moons Neptune has a total of 14 known moons. The largest moon is Triton, which was discovered by William Lassell just seventeen days after Neptune was found. One hundred years later, the second moon, Nereid was found. The Hubble Telescope found the 14th moon in 2013. Most of Neptune's moons are named after sea nymphs. Unusual orbits. Neptune has moons which have unusual orbits. Triton, the largest moon of Neptune, has a retrograde orbit (which means Triton orbits or moves the opposite way from how Neptune spins). Two moons, Psamathe (discovered in 2002) and Neso (discovered in 2003), are unusual because they have the largest orbits for any moons discovered in the solar system so far. They take about 25 years to make one orbit and are 125 times more distant from Neptune than our Moon is from Earth. How Neptune's moons formed. Many astronomers and scientists think that Neptune's inner moons were not original bodies that formed with Neptune, but were remains of debris from Triton that slowly came together. Other scientists think that when Triton was executed in space by Neptune, Triton's mass and odd orbit caused Neptune's original moons to be destroyed by gravity, only to be reformed after Triton formed a stable orbit. While many astronomers agree that Triton was not an original moon of Neptune, some think that Triton was captured in a "three-body-encounter". What must have happened was that Triton was part of a binary pair with another unknown celestial body. The pair was then captured but Triton survived and the other object being affected by Neptune's gravity. Halimede, discovered in 2002, was perhaps a piece of Nereid when the moon was hit with another object. Both moons seemed to have the same gray colors. Also Halimede was also calculated that the moon had a high chance of colliding with Nereid in the past. List of moons. The Neptunian moons are listed here by its orbital period, from shortest to longest. Triton, which is not only massive enough for its surface to have collapsed into a sphere, but is comparable in size to our own moon, is highlighted in purple. Irregular (captured) moons are shown in grey; prograde in light grey and retrograde in dark grey. (Triton is also thought to be captured.) Irregular moons. The picture at the right shows the orbits of Neptune's irregular moons discovered so far. The eccentricity of the orbits is represented by the yellow segments (extending from the pericentre to the apocentre) with the inclination represented on Y axis. The satellites above the X axis are prograde, the satellites beneath are retrograde. The X axis is labelled in Gm (million km) and the fraction of the Hill sphere's (gravitational influence) radius (~116 Gm for Neptune). Given the similarity of their orbits, it was suggested that Neso and Psamathe could have a common origin in the break-up of a larger moon. Triton, the biggest moon following a retrograde but a quasi-circular orbit, also thought to be a captured satellite, is not shown. Nereid, on a prograde but very eccentric orbit is believed to be "scattered" during Triton's capture. Naming notes. Some asteroids also have the same names as moons of Neptune: 74 Galatea, 1162 Larissa. Note that Triton did not have an official name until the twentieth century. Although the name was suggested in 1880 by Camille Flammarion, it did not come into regular use until at least the 1930s. Usually, it was simply known as "the satellite of Neptune" (the second satellite, Nereid, was not discovered until 1949). One of the 14 moons is called Neptune. King (chess) The king is the most valuable chess piece in a game of chess. It can move left, right, up, down or diagonally. It can only move one square at a time. When recording chess games, king is shortened to K. The object of the game is to checkmate (capture the king). If a player's king is attacked by an opponent's piece, it is called check. The player with the attacked king "must" move so that the king is no longer in check. If the king cannot do this, it is in checkmate, and that side loses the game. Castling. With a rook, the king may make a special move called 'castling'. This is when the king moves two squares toward one of its rooks and then the rook is placed on the other side of the king. Castling consists of moving the king two squares on its first rank toward either one of the first rooks, then moving the rook onto the square over which the king crossed. Castling is only allowed when the king nor the castling rook has moved already, when no squares between them are occupied, when the king is not in check, and when the king will not move across or end its movement on a square that puts the king in check. Check and Checkmate. If a player's move places the opponent's king under attack, that king is "in check", and the player in check is made to stop the attack. There are three possible ways to remove the king from check: If none of these three ways are possible, the player's king has been "checkmated" and the player with the checkmated king loses the game. Stalemate. A stalemate is when the player to move has no legal move, but is not in check. Advice. In the opening and middlegame, the king will mostly not play an active role in the development of an attacking or position. Instead, a player will usually castle and find safety on the edge of the board behind pawns. In the endgame, however, the king may comes out of hiding to play an active role as an offensive piece as well as helping in the promotion of their remaining pawns. Work (thermodynamics) In thermodynamics, work transfer is an energy transfer in which temperature is not considered during energy transfer. Unit is always in Joules. It is also a result of force acting through the distance. W=FxD History. 1824. Work, i.e. "weight "lifted" through a height", was originally defined in 1824 by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in his famous paper "Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire". Specifically, according to Carnot: 1845. In 1845, the English physicist James Joule wrote a paper "On the mechanical equivalent of heat" for the British Association meeting in Cambridge. In this work, he reported his best-known experiment, in which the work released through the action of a "weight "falling" through a height" was used to turn a paddle-wheel in an insulated barrel of water. In this experiment, the friction and agitation of the paddle-wheel on the body of water caused heat to be generated which, in turn, increased the temperature of water. Both the temperature change ∆T of the water and the height of the fall ∆h of the weight mg were recorded. Using these values, Joule was able to determine the mechanical equivalent of heat. Joule estimated a mechanical equivalent of heat to be 819 ft•lbf/Btu (4.41 J/cal). The modern day definitions of heat, work, temperature, and energy all have connection to this experiment. Overview. According to the "First law of thermodynamics", it is useful to separate changes to the internal energy of a thermodynamic system into two sorts of energy transfers. Work refers to forms of energy transfer which can be accounted for in terms of changes in the "macroscopic" physical variables of the system, for example energy which goes into expanding the volume of a system against an external pressure, by driving a piston-head out of a cylinder against an external force. This is in contrast to heat energy, which is carried into or out of the system in the form of transfers in the "microscopic" thermal motions of particles. The concept of thermodynamic work is slightly more general than that of mechanical work because it includes other types of energy transfers as well. The electrical work required to move a charge against an external electrical field can be measured, as can the work required to move heat against a temperature gradient. Thermodynamic work need not have any mechanical component to be considered such. Internal energy In thermodynamics, the internal energy of a thermodynamic system, or a body with well-defined boundaries, denoted by "U", or sometimes "E", is the total of the kinetic energy due to the motion of molecules (translational, rotational, vibrational) and the potential energy associated with the vibrational and electric energy of atoms within molecules or crystals. It includes the energy in all the chemical bonds, and the energy of the free, conduction electrons in metals. The internal energy is a thermodynamic potential and for a closed thermodynamic system held at constant entropy, it will be minimized. One can also calculate the internal energy of electromagnetic or blackbody radiation. It is a state function of a system, an extensive quantity. The SI unit of energy is the joule although other historical, conventional units are still in use, such as the (small and large) calorie for heat. (Calories that are on classic food labels are actually kilo-calories.) Overview. "Internal" energy does not include the translational or rotational kinetic energy of a body "as a whole". It also does not include the relativistic mass-energy equivalent "E" = "mc"2. It excludes any potential energy a body may have because of its location in external gravitational or electrostatic field, although the potential energy it has in a field due to an induced electric or magnetic dipole moment does count, as does the energy of deformation of solids (stress-strain). The principle of equipartition of energy in classical statistical mechanics states that each molecular degree of freedom receives 1/2 "kT" of energy, a result which was modified when quantum mechanics explained certain anomalies; e.g., in the observed specific heats of crystals (when "h"ν > "kT"). For monatomic helium and other noble gases, the internal energy consists only of the translational kinetic energy of the individual atoms. Monatomic particles, of course, do not (sensibly) rotate or vibrate, and are not electronically excited to higher energies except at very high temperatures. From the standpoint of statistical mechanics, the internal energy is equal to the ensemble average of the total energy of the system. Physical law A physical law, scientific law, or a law of nature is a scientific generalization based on empirical observations of physical behavior. Empirical laws are typically conclusions based on repeated scientific experiments over many years, and which have become accepted universally within the scientific community. The production of a summary description of nature in the form of such laws is a fundamental aim of science. Laws of nature are distinct from the law, either religious or civil, and should not be confused with the concept of natural law. Nor should 'physical law' be confused with 'law of physics' - the term 'physical law' usually covers laws in other sciences (e.g. biology) as well. Origin of laws of nature. Some extremely important laws are simply definitions. For example, the central law of mechanics "F" = "dp"/"dt" (Newton's second "law" of mechanics) is often treated as a mathematical definition of force just like Newton's first law of mechanics (an object that is at rest stays at rest and an object that is in motion stays in motion unless acted by an out side force). Although the concept of force predates Newton's law, there was no mathematical definition of force before Newton. The principle of least action (or principle of stationary action), Schroedinger equation, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, causality and a few other laws also fall into this category (of mathematical definitions). Pipe (material) A pipe is a tube or hollow cylinder for the transport of fluid. The terms 'pipe' and 'tube' can be used for the same objects. 'Pipe' is generally specified by the internal diameter (ID) whereas 'tube' is usually defined by the outside diameter (OD) but may be specified by any combination of dimensions (OD, ID, wall thickness). 'Tube' is often made to custom sizes and may often have more specific sizes and tolerances than pipe. The terms 'tube' and 'tubing' are more widely used in the USA and 'pipe' elsewhere in the world. Both "pipe" and "tube" imply a level of rigidity and permanence, whereas a 'hose' is usually portable and flexible. Cameron Diaz Cameron Michelle Diaz (born August 30, 1972) is an American retired actress and former fashion model. She was nominated for four Golden Globe Awards in 1999, 2000, 2002 and 2003. Early life. Cameron Diaz was born in San Diego, California. Her mother, Billie Joann (née Early), is an import-export agent. Her father, Emilio Luis Diaz (1949–2008), worked for the California oil company UNOCAL for more than 20 years as a field gauger. Diaz has an older sister, Chimene. Her father's family were Cubans, and settled in Tampa's Ybor City, later moving to California, where Emilio was born. Her mother has English, German, and Scots-Irish ancestry. Diaz was raised in Long Beach, California. Bacon number The Bacon number of an actor or actress is the number of degrees of separation (see Six degrees of separation) they have from actor Kevin Bacon, as defined by the game known as Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon. It applies the Erdős number concept to the movie industry. The higher the Bacon number, the farther away from Kevin Bacon the actor is. For example, Kevin Bacon's Bacon number is 0. If an actor works in a movie with Kevin Bacon, the actor's Bacon number is 1. If an actor works with an actor who worked with Kevin Bacon in a movie, the first actor's Bacon number is 2, and so forth. References. 2. "Modern Family", "Daddy Issues" (2018) Pondicherry Pondicherry is the capital of the Indian union territory of Puducherry. It is also known as Puducherry since 2006. Zanzibar Zanzibar is the name of an archipelago in the Indian Ocean 25–50 km off the coast of East Africa. There are many small islands and two large ones: Unguja (the main island, sometimes informally referred to as 'Zanzibar') and Pemba Island. The archipelago was once the separate state of Zanzibar, which united with Tanganyika to form Tanzania (derived from the two names). Zanzibar is a semi-autonomous within the union, with its own government. The capital of Zanzibar is Zanzibar City. It is on the island of Unguja. The city's old quarter, known as Stone Town, is a World Heritage Site. The people are mostly African Bantu, with some Asians of Indian origin. Politics. Zanzibar has its own government, known as the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar. It is made up of the Revolutionary Council and House of Representatives. The main Parties are the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) and the Civic United Front (CUF). Since the early 1990s, the politics of the archipelago have been marked by repeated violent clashes between these two political parties. Independence claimed. In October 2009, Zanzibar President Amani Karume met with CUF Secretary Seif Shariff Hamad at the State House to discus how to save Zanzibar from future political turmoil and to end the backlash between them, a move which was welcomed by many people including the USA and political parties. It was the first time CUF agreed to recognize Karume as the legitimate president of Zanzibar. The relationship between Zanzibar government and Tanzanian Mainland has not been good in recent years since Tanzania Prime Minister Mizengo Pinda's remark about the Isles' sovereignty. He said that Zanzibar is not an independent country outside the Union Government, within which it can only exercise its sovereignty. Members from both the ruling party, Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM), and the opposition Civic United Front (CUF) disagreed with Mr Pinda's interpretation and stand firmly in recognizing Zanzibar as a fully autonomous and full state. The move was not recognized by the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania. In 2008, Tanzanian president Jakaya Kikwete tried to silence the debate when he addressed the nation in a live conference by saying that "Zanzibar is a state internal but semi-state international". There the matter rests for the time being. A proposal to amend Zanzibar’s laws to allow rival parties to form governments of national unity was adopted by 66.4 per cent of voters, after official results of a referendum which was held on July 31, 2010. Religion. Zanzibar is 95% Islamic in religion, and has been so for hundreds of years. It was once part of the Persian Empire, then under the Caliphate of Oman. It was ruled by a Sultan. Zanzibar was conquered by the British in the late 19th century. The islands were involved in the Arab slave trade, and the British conquest was an attempt to stop this. They appointed puppet rulers, and Zanzibar became a 'protectorate', not a colony. Zanzibar gained independence on 10th December 1963 from the British. Spices. Zanzibar's main industries are spices (which include cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon and pepper), raffia, and tourism. Zanzibar is also the home of the endemic Zanzibar Red Colobus and the elusive Zanzibar Leopard. The word "Zanzibar" probably derives from the Persian زنگبار, "Zangi-bar" ("coast of the blacks") and it is also known as Zanji-bar in Arabic. Zanzibar is sometimes referred to as the "Spice Islands," a term that is more often used for the Maluku Islands in Indonesia. Pemba Island is the only island apart from Zanzibar that still produces cloves on a major basis which is the primary source of spice income for the islands. Economy. The islands are poor, and the economy is in trouble. Zanzibaris are living a hard life compare to the mainland. In 2000, the annual income per capita was US$220. During May and June 2008, Zanzibar suffered a major failure of its electricity system, which left the island without electricity for nearly a month. Another blackout happened from December 2009 to March 2010, due to a problem with the submarine cables and the local plant. This led to a serious and ongoing shock to the island's fragile economy, which is heavily dependent on foreign tourism. Cloves. Zanzibar's economy is based primarily on the production of cloves (90% grown on the island of Pemba), the principal foreign exchange earner. Exports have suffered with the downturn in the clove market. The clove, originally from the Moluccan Islands (Indonesia), was introduced to Zanzibar by the Omani sultans in the first half of the XIX century. Zanzibar, mainly Pemba Island, was once the world's leading clove producer, but annual clove sales have plummeted by 80% since the 1970s. Zanzibar's clove industry has been crippled by a fast-moving global market, and international competition. Tanzania's failed experiment with socialism in the 1960s and 1970s, when the government controlled clove prices and exports, is also a factor. Zanzibar now ranks a distant third with Indonesia supplying 75% of the world's cloves compared to Zanzibar's 7%. Other options. Zanzibar exports spices, seaweed and fine raffia. It also has a large fishing and dugout canoe production. Tourism is a major foreign currency earner. A number of new hotels and resorts having been built in recent years. The Government of Zanzibar legalized foreign exchange bureaux on the islands. The effect was to increase the availability of consumer commodities. The government has also established a free port area. This stimulates trade and support services. There is a management system for re-exportation of goods. There is also a possibility of oil exploration in Zanzibar on the island of Pemba. Oil would help boost the economy of Zanzibar, but there have been disagreements about dividends between the Tanzanian mainland and Zanzibar, the latter claiming the oil should be excluded in Union matters. A Norwegian consultant has been sent to Zanzibar to investigate its oil potential. Enya Enya (born Eithne Patricia Ní Bhraonáin on 17 May 1961 in Gweedore, County Donegal, Ireland) is an Irish singer. She is famous for hits such as "Orinoco Flow" (1988) and "Anywhere Is" (1995). She has also won four Grammy Awards and has become one of the world's most successful female singers. Her vocal range is mezzo-soprano. She grew up speaking the Irish language, and did not speak English until she attended primary school. Her first works were soundtracks for "The Frog Prince" movie by David Puttman and "The Celts" documentary by BBC. Enya is very popular and has sold more than 75 million albums worldwide. Her best selling album is "A Day Without Rain" (2000). Albums. Enya has recorded the following albums: She has also recorded music for the following movie soundtracks: Downing Street Downing Street is a street in London. It is close to Whitehall and Buckingham Palace. The official residences of the two most senior Government ministers are here. These are the Prime Minister, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Downing Street is a few minutes' walk from the Houses of Parliament. The street was built in the 1680s by Sir George Downing, 1st Baronet (1632–1689) on the site of a mansion called Hampden House. The Prime Minister, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the Chief Whip all have official residences in buildings along one side of the street. The houses on the other side were all replaced by the Foreign Office in the nineteenth century. Armenian illuminated manuscripts Armenian illuminated manuscripts are a form of artwork in the Byzantine tradition. They come from between the 5th century and the 13th century. They can include prayer rolls, the Mugni Gospels, and the Echmiadzin Gospels. Alcatraz Island Alcatraz Island (sometimes just called Alcatraz or The Rock) is a small island in San Francisco Bay in California. It was first a lighthouse, then a military fort, then a military prison, and finally a federal prison. In 1969, it became a museum. The name Alcatraz comes from the original Spanish name of the island, "Isla de los alcatraces" ("Island of the pelicans"). It was given that name when a Spanish explorer, Juan Manuel de Ayala, noticed the great amount of pelicans roosting on the island. The famous Alcatraz prison opened in August 1934 and closed on 21 March 1963. At first, the island served as a war prison for confederate soldiers during the Civil War. At the turn of the century, it would become the most famous and posthumously, most infamous prison in American history. Some of the most famous inmates at Alcatraz included Al Capone, Machine Gun Kelly and John Giles. The prison was eventually shut down in 1963 after the State of California and the US Congress agreed that it costs too much to run. Soon after, Native American Indians used the prison and the island for a huge protest in favor for Native American rights. After being kicked out from the grounds, the prison was vacated and was never used again. People still love to go see the prison. It draws in millions into the San Francisco area. People enjoy the tales of possible ghost encounters on the prison grounds. It has been a huge haunting site because spirits are said to have left behind wandering the prison. Alcatraz Island is one of many islands in the San Francisco Bay area. Illuminated manuscript An illuminated manuscript is a manuscript where text is decorated by things like initials, borders and miniature illustrations. Most of them were made in Europe in the Middle Agss, and some are from the Renaissance. Manuscript A manuscript is any document that is written by hand, not printed or made in some other way. The early history of writing is intimately connected with the history of writing materials, of which the manuscript is one. Early printing made use of many ideas which developed in the era of manuscripts.b Matenadaran Mesrop Mashtots' Matenadaran Institute of Ancient Manuscripts in Yerevan, Armenia, is one of the richest depositories of manuscripts and books in the world. Blue Mosque, Yerevan The Blue Mosque (; Persian: <bdi>مسجد کبود</bdi> Masdsched-e Kabud) is a mosque in Yerevan, Armenia. It was built in 1766 during the reign of Huseyn Ali. Plainview Plainview is the name of several places in the United States of America: 235 BC Year 235 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. San Marino City San Marino is the capital of the tiny nation of San Marino. It is the third largest city in the country, after Dogana and Borgo Maggiore. Fort Worth, Texas Fort Worth is the fifth largest city in Texas. It is the 16th largest city in the United States. It has gotten so big that it has overlapped the next biggest city next to it, Dallas, Texas. Because of this, the area is often referred to as Dallas/Ft. Worth, or DFW. Fort Worth is the county seat of Tarrant County. Texas Motor Speedway is also in Fort Worth. There are a few interesting landmarks in Fort Worth. One is Sundance Square, a popular place to enjoy in downtown. Another is West 7th, an entertainment destination. At last, there is the Fort Worth Stockyards, where rodeos are held. Akdamar Island Akdamar Island (also known as "Aghtamar", "Ahktamar", and "Aght'amar"; Armenian: "Աղթամար", Kurdish: "Axtamar") is a small island in Lake Van in Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Gandzasar monastery The Gandzasar monastery (Armenian: Գանձասար) is an Armenian monastery in Nagorno-Karabakh, in the Mardakert region, near the village of Vank. Gandzasar means "treasure mountain" in Armenian. Deportation Deportation, means the removal of someone from a country. People may be deported from a country for many reasons. For example, one may be deported from a country if he has got into the country illegally, or without a visa (permission). Deportation can also happen inside a country. A person or a group of people may be forced to move to a different part of the country, as a punishment. 912 912 (CMXII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. Vahe Vahe was a legendary king of Armenia (351 BC–331 BC). He was the last offspring of the Hyke dynasty. He revolted against Alexander the Great and fought a war for Darius the Great of Persia. Rhadamistus Rhadamistus (other names Ghadam or Radamisto) was an Iberian prince who reigned in Armenia from 51 to 53 and 54 to 55 CE. Construction Construction is the process of erection or assembly of any building or infrastructure on a site. In general, there are three types of construction: Building construction is the process of adding structure to real property. Industrial construction, though a relatively small part of the entire construction industry, is a very important component. History. The first buildings were huts and shelters, constructed by hand or with simple tools. As cities grew during the Bronze Age, a class of professional craftsmen appeared. Occasionally, slaves were used for construction work. In the Middle Ages, these were organized into guilds. In the 19th century, steam-powered machinery appeared, and later diesel- and electric powered vehicles such as cranes, excavators and bulldozers. Modern construction is consistently made of materials such as glass, steel, concrete and bricks. So it is easy to build simple forms like simple cubic forms. The new style of architecture is based on the economic basic principle: Infrastructure Infrastructure is the term used to describe the facilities which support modern human life. These are the main items: water supply, sewage plants, housing, roads, cable networks, food supply facilities, schools, hospitals, airports, community meeting places, business and government buildings, bridges, railways. In fact, everything that modern life needs in the way of built facilities. Infrastructure is closely connected with standard of living and overpopulation. More people will want more roads, water pipes and other infrastructure. Poor countries tend to have fast population growth and cannot provide the needed infrastructure. Standard of living drops and this may lead to other problems like worsening health, exposure to plague and difficult access of emergency units to those that need it. Ceremony A ceremony is an activity performed at a special time usually with according seriousness. Ceremonies may be done to celebrate an event or rite of passage. Other important ceremonies include the tea ceremony in Asian cultures, A ceremony may mark a rite of passage in a person's job or life, showing how important it is. Examples: Other ceremonies may mark yearly events like: Government ceremonies. Sometimes, a ceremony may only be done by certain people. A wedding is done by a priest or a Civil Celebrant. The President of the United States is sworn in by the Chief Justice of the United States at his or her inauguration. The British monarch is usually made king or queen by the Archbishop of Canterbury at his or her coronation. Kirk Kerkorian Kerkor "Kirk" Kerkorian (June 6, 1917 – June 15, 2015) was an Armenian-American billionaire, and president/CEO of Tracinda Corporation, his private holding company based in Beverly Hills, California. Kerkorian is known as one of the important figures in shaping the city of Las Vegas, Nevada. Kerkorian died in Beverly Hills, California on June 15, 2015, nine days after his 98th birthday. Chemical property In chemistry, a property is any aspect of a substance which is only seen by means of a chemical reaction. Simply speaking, chemical properties cannot be determined just by viewing or touching the substance. This is different from a physical property, which can be discovered without changing the substance's chemical structure. Usually a chemical property is discovered by changing the substance's internal structure. When a substance goes under a chemical reaction, the properties will change drastically, resulting in chemical change. However, a catalytic property would also be a chemical property. Chemical properties can be used for building chemical classifications. They can be used to identify an unknown substance or to separate or purify it from other substances. Bass drum A bass drum is a type of musical instrument called a drum. It is a large drum, makes low sounds, and is frequently used in the common drum kit. Drum kit A drum kit (or drum set or trap set) is a collection of drums, cymbals, and other percussion instruments that is used by a drummer in a musical group. Setup. A normal drum kit consists of the following: Other cymbals and drums can be added to the setup for a wider range of sounds like the Splash, a small cymbal around 10"/25 cm giving a distinct crash sound with a quick decay, or a China cymbal, that gives an "oriental feel" to beats, rhythms, solos and fills. The latter is much like a crash cymbal popped inside out with the screw and sponge holding it to the stand inside it, so it has a shallow bowl shape. The drummer can do other things to the kit, such as attach a tambourine to the spine of the hi-hat, so when he/she puts his/her foot down on the pedal or hits it with a drumstick, the drummer gets the tambourine sound at the same time. Cymbals can also have rivets inserted into them to give them a 'sizzling' sound, or a cowbell can be attached to the top of the bass drum between the snare and floor tom to use in fills, solos, grooves, etc. Drum stick A drum stick or drumstick is a wooden stick that is used to hit percussion instruments to make sound. There are many kinds of drumsticks. Some sticks are made for certain instruments. For instance, a drum kit stick may look very different from a snare drum stick. Weight, length, and tip size are all altering factors in a stick. Some drums, such as bongo drums, use no drumstick. Khachkar A Khachkar or Khatchkar ("Խաչքար" in Armenian, meaning "cross-stone", pronounced as ) is a carved memorial stone found in Armenia. It has a crucifix or cross, with a rosette or sun circle below it. Other parts can be filled with patterns of leaves, grapes or knots. Sometimes it has a ledge at the top with saints' or characters from the bible. Much of the time a khachkar is put up for religious reasons such as the salvation of the soul of a living or a dead person. They have also been removed for other reasons, such as to show a military win, building of a new church, or as a protection from natural disasters. Most Khachkars are in graveyards. But Armenian gravestones take many other forms, and only a small are khatchkars. Back Dorm Boys Back Dorm Boys () are two Chinese people who have made several well known spoof music videos in 2006. Their name comes from their lip sync video of the Backstreet Boys' song "As Long As You Love Me". They are often called the "Back Dormitory Boys". Their spoof music videos have been selected by Motorola China to promote mobile phones. The two members of the Back Dorm Boys are 韦炜 (Wei Wei) and 黄艺馨 (Huang Yi Xin). They were university students at Guangzhou Arts Institute (广州美术学院) majoring in sculpture. Their videos were very famous in China. The became very famous around the world after the videos were shown on YouTube. Nattō Natto ( (hiragana), 納豆 (kanji); "nattō" or "nattou") is a traditional Japanese food made by fermenting soybeans. Natto is known for its strong musty smell and unusual slimy texture, which yields mucous-like (or sticky) strings when stirred and eaten. In order to mediate some of the strong flavors, it is usually eaten on top of rice with , a soy sauce-based condiment, or Japanese mustard to their liking. Eating Natto as a custom is not so popular in Kansai area. Whether it is popular or not depends on regions in Japan. Types. There are many kinds of Natto. First, Natto is classified under two types of Natto, Itohiki Natto and Ji Natto. Also Itohiki Natto has three kinds of Natto, Marudaizu Natto, Hikiwari Natto, and Goto Natto. We usually eat Marudaizu Natto and Hikiwari Natto. Availability. Natto may be bought in stores in Styrofoam boxes. Sometimes, they come with a mustard packet and a packet of "tsuyu" to eat with the natto. Preparation. Although it is not customary to cook natto, natto may be prepared in food items like sushi or "donburi". "Donburi" is any Japanese dish served with rice in a bowl. Natto can be made into a donburi by adding natto and other items like tuna or egg to rice inside a bowl. "Nattojiru" is what people add natto to miso soup as a seasoning. Also Natto is used for topping when we eat Soba, Udon, Spaghetti, Okonomiyaki and so on. Spices, and Condiments.. In general, soy sauce, tsuyu, karashi mustard is used, but some people use egg, leek, Japanese ginger, Grated radish, laver, okra, and etc. Kichijōji is a neighborhood in the city of Musashino in Tokyo, Japan. It has an important commercial activity, with many shops, restaurant and cultural activities, mostly north of its railway station. Kichijōji also has some famous landmarks. Inokashira Park, for example, is in the south part of the district, and is a favorite place for springtime "hanami", or to see cherry-blossoms. The Kanda River (神田川) begins to flow from this park. The Seikei University (成蹊大学), one of Tokyo's biggest private universities, is in the northwestern area of the neighborhood. Udon is a type of thick, wheat-based noodle popular in Japanese cuisine. Udon is most often served hot as a noodle soup in a mild, salty broth. Its simplest form is called "kake udon". This consists only of dashi stock, soy sauce ("shōyu"), mirin, and "udon" noodles. Different things can be put on top of the soup as toppings. Often thinly cut scallions are used, along with other common toppings such as kamaboko, prawn or vegetable tempura, some spices, and wakame. The flavor of the broth and toppings, as well as even noodle texture and thickness, is different from region to region. Usually, dark brown broth made from dark soy sauce ("koikuchi shōyu") is common in eastern Japan. Light brown broth made from light soy sauce ("usukuchi shōyu") is common in western Japan. However, many other regional types exist outside of just broth color and mainly vary in toppings used. Kagawa Prefecture is famous for using udon as a staple food. Definition. According to JAS (Japanese Agricultural Standard), to be udon, a round noodle's diameter has to be over 1.7 mm and a flat noodle's width over 1.7 mm. Udon dough is made from wheat flour and salt. Hachiōji is a Japanese city in on the island of Honshu. It is about 40 kilometers west of the center of the 23 special wards of Tokyo. The city is the 8th biggest city around the Tokyo metropolitan area. It is the 24th largest city in Japan. History. Hachiōji officially became a city on September 1, 1917, but it has been an important point on the Kōshū Highway, the main road that connected Edo (the old name of Tokyo) with Western Japan since before modern times, especially during the Edo period. For a short period of time, a castle, Hachiōji Castle (八王子城; Hachiōji-jō) was in the area. It was made in 1584 by Hōjō Ujiteru (北条氏照), but was soon broken in war by Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1590. In the Meiji period, Hachiōji grew larger because of silk and silk textiles. However, the industry became less popular in the 1960s. Today, Hachiōji is home for many Tokyo workers. In Hachioji, there are about 20 colleges and universities, including Takushoku University. Geography. There are 3 mountains around Hachioji. Nerima, Tokyo Nerima is one of the 23 special wards in Tokyo, Japan. The municipality calls itself "Nerima City" in English. Nerima is called "the town of animation" because the earliest anime businesses started up in the area. History. On 1 August 1947, the ward of Nerima was formed by separating from the ward of Itabashi. Geography. Nerima is a western ward. It borders Nakano and Suginami on the south. Musashino and Nishitokyo are on the ward's western border. Saitamo Prefecture is on the northern border. Itabashi and Toshima are on the west. There is a long river in Nerima. Suginami is one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo, Japan. The municipality calls itself "Suginami City" in English. Geography. Suginami is in the western part of Tokyo's special wards. It is next to Setagaya to the south. Its western neighbors are the cities of Mitaka and Musashino. Nerima is on the northern border. Nakano is to the east. The Kanda river runs through the ward. Higashi-Nagasaki Station Higashi-Nagasaki Station is the railway station of the Seibu-Ikebukuro line in Toshima Ward, Tokyo, Japan. The station is near the "Ikebukuro" station that is center of Tokyo. Only local train stops this station. Limited express, rapid express, semi express and rapid train pass this station. The next station of this station to east is "Shinamachi". The next station of this station to west is "Ekoda". The area near the Higashi-nagasaki station is named "Nagasaki", but Nagasaki and Nagasaki Prefecture in Kyushu are not related. "Nagasaki" in Toshima Ward is located in east Japan. So this station's name have "Higashi"(means "east") to distinguish between this station and Nagasaki station in Kyushu. Sagamihara, Kanagawa Sagamihara (, Sagamihara-shi?) is a city in Japan. It is in north central Kanagawa Prefecture, bordering Tokyo, Japan. It is the third most populous city in the prefecture, after Yokohama and Kawasaki. The main areas of commercial activity in Sagamihara are around Hashimoto Station on the JR Yokohama Line and Keio Sagamihara Line, Sagamihara Station on the JR Yokohama Line, and Sagami-Ōno Station on the Odakyu Odawara Line. Aomori is the capital city of Aomori Prefecture, Japan. It is southwest of the town of Hiranai. It is a coastal city, and is near the Mutsu-wan (陸奥湾). It has been recognized as a core city since 2006. Demography. According to Japanese census data, Festivals. The Nebuta festival is one of the most famous festivals in Japan. It takes place at the beginning of August. More than 300,000 people come and see this festival every year. This festival is called both “Nebuta” and ”Neputa”. In Aomori city, they use the word “Nebuta”, and in Hirosaki city, they use the word “Neputa”. HM Land Registry Land Registry or Her Majesty's Land Registry is a United Kingdom government office which started in 1862. It publicly records interests in land in England and Wales. It answers to the Ministry of Justice. Purpose. The office records the owner of land and legal rights over land. It has recorded about half of the land in England and Wales, and they request owners to record the rest. Persons make payments to the Land Registry to record land or for copies of the records. The British Government does not make payments to the Land Registry. Offices. The Land Registry has 24 offices in England and Wales and a head office at Lincoln’s Inn Fields in London, England. It wants to shut the offices in York and Harrow. The head of the Land Registry is called the Chief Land Registrar and Chief Executive. History. In 1857 a government committee said there should be a record of land. The Land Registry started after the Land Registry Act 1862. The failure of this law led to a new law in 1875. But this law was also a failure because persons could decide if they wanted to record their land, and most persons decided not to. In 1897 a new law forced persons in London to record their land when they sold it. Step by step this law was applied to the rest of England and Wales by 1990. A new law – the Land Registration Act 2002 – modernised the law and made possible the electronic sale of land. Yamuna The Yamuna (), sometimes called Jamuna (, , ) or Jumna, is a major river in North India. It is the largest branch of a bigger river called the Ganges. It is 1370 km long. It begins at the Yamunotri, which is in the Himalayas. It goes through the Indian states of Delhi, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh. At the end, it flows into the Ganges. Rivers that come out of the Yamuna include the Tons (the largest of the ones that come out of it), Chambal, Betwa, and Ken. Ahmedabad Ahmedabad is the largest city in the Gujarat state, in Western India. The city is the administrative centre of Ahmedabad district, and was the capital of Gujarat from 1960 to 1970. The city is located on the banks of the Sabarmati River, and it shares proximity with the Gandhinagar, the newly built state capital. The city's area is approximately 8,087 sq.k.m and it's total population of District is 7,486,573 (2014). History. The city was founded by Sultan Ahmed Shah in 1411 A.D. But, the area around the city has been inhabited since the 11th century when it was known as "Ashaval". The city was built on an elevated plain known as "Bhadra" on the eastern bank of Sabarmati River. In 1487, the city was fortified with an outer wall 10 km (6.2 mi) in circumference by Mahmud Begada, the grandson of Sultan. The fortification consisted of twelve gates, 189 bastions and over 6,000 battlements. In 1573, the city was annexed by the Mughal Empire. But, in the year 1758, Mughals surrendered the city to Marathas after the brief joint-rule from 1739-44. Governance. Since July 1950, the city is governed by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) in urban area and Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA) in suburbs area. Both, provides a number of urban services such as water supply, roads construction, sanitation, primary education, city transport etc. In totality, the administration pf the city is divided into 14 talukas which includes 556 villages, 1 corporation, 1 cantonment area, and 7 municipalities. Economy. For a long time, the city has been known for its textile mills and have been dubbed as ""Manchester of the East"." In 1861, the first textile mill was opened and gradually, the whole sector grew through city's own traditional culture and passion for entrepreneurship. Besides textile, Ahmedabad is also known for being automotive and pharmaceutical manufacturing hub. Transportation. Railway. The city is connected with pan-India railway network. It has three stations - Kalupur Station, Maninagar Station and Sabarmati Station. The Kalupur station is in the center of the city which will be convergence point for Ahmedabad Metro, Ahmedabad BRTS, and upcoming high-speed rail system. Roads. The city is well connected to the major cities in the state and the country through several national and state highways. Air. The city is served by Sardar Vallabbhai Patel International Airport. The airport is located 9 km from city center and also caters the state capital Gandhinagar. It was started in the year 1937 with the inaugural flight Bombay-Ahmedabad-Karachi, piloted by J. R. D. Tata. Dachau, Bavaria Dachau ( ]; Bavarian: "Dochau") is a city in the south of Germany, about north-west of Munich. It has about 40,000 inhabitants. The town contains a historic town centre with an 18th century castle. Dachau was founded in the 8th century. In 1933, a concentration camp was built in Dachau. It was the first camp of the Nazis and became the prototype for all other camps. More than 30,000 prisoners died or were killed. Odonata The Odonata are an order of flying insects, the dragonflies and damselflies. Like most of the flying insects (flies, beetles, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera), they evolved in the early Mesozoic era. Their prototypes, the giant dragonflies of the Carboniferous, 325 mya, are no longer put in the Odonata. These are now called Protodonata or Meganisoptera. The two suborders are easily distinguished: All Odonata have aquatic larvae called 'nymphs', and all of them, larvae and adults, are carnivorous. The adults can land, but rarely walk. Their legs are specialised for catching prey. They are almost entirely insectivorous. Description. These insects characteristically have large rounded heads covered mostly by big compound eyes, legs that catch prey (other insects) in flight, two pairs of long, transparent wings that move independently, and long abdomens. They have two ocelli (eye spots) and short antennae. The mouthparts are on the underside of the head and include simple chewing mandibles in the adult. Chordophone A chordophone is any musical instrument which produces sound commonly by vibrating a string or strings stretched between two points. What most westerners would call string instruments are classified as chordophones (for example, violins, guitars and harps). Will Ferrell Jonathan William "Will" Ferrell (; born , 1967) is an American Comedian, Impressionist, Actor, Producer, and Writer. He began his successful career as a cast member of "Saturday Night Live". He has since appeared in many different movies, such as "Blades of Glory", "Elf", ', ', and "Old School". Early life. Ferrell was born in Irvine, California on July 16, 1967. He is the son of Betty Kay (nee Overman), a teacher who taught at Old Mill School elementary school and Santa Ana College, and Roy Lee Ferrell Jr., a musician with The Righteous Brothers. His parents were both natives of Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina, and moved to California in 1964. He has a younger brother named Patrick. When he was 8, his parents divorced. Ferrell said of the divorce: "I was the type of kid who would say, 'Hey, look at the bright side! We'll have two Christmases'." Albrecht Altdorfer Albrecht Altodorfer was a German painter, engraver and builder of the Renaissance. He was probably born around the year 1480, in Altdorf, Lower Bavaria, or Regensburg. He died on 12 February 1538 in Regensburg. Together with Wolf Huber, he is seen as one of the main people in the Danube school. The danube school was an art movement that spread along the Danube, in Germany and Austria. With Albrecht Dürer he founded the Little Masters (original: "Kleinmeister") of Nuremberg. Ben Bailey Benjamin Ray "Ben" Bailey (born October 30, 1970) is an American comedian, taxicab driver, and game show host. He is best known as the host of the Discovery Channel game show "Cash Cab". He was born in Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States. Bailey was the host of "Cash Cab", a television game show played in a taxi that Bailey drives around New York City, from 2005 until the show's end in 2012. He was nominated for an "Outstanding Game Show Host" award at the Daytime Emmy Awards in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011. He won in 2010 and 2011. He was also the host of the 2011 NBC game show "Who's Still Standing?". Elmer Gantry Elmer Gantry is a 1960 drama movie about a con man and a female evangelist selling religion to small town America. Directed by Richard Brooks, the movie is based on the 1927 novel of the same name by Sinclair Lewis and stars Burt Lancaster and Jean Simmons. Actor Pat Hingle was originally cast as Elmer Gantry. After he was injured from a 54-foot fall down an elevator shaft, the part was given to Lancaster. Lancaster won an Academy Award for his role. Hang 'Em High Hang 'Em High is a 1968 American Western movie directed by Ted Post and produced and co-written by Leonard Freeman. It stars Clint Eastwood as Jed Cooper, an innocent man who survives being hanged, Inger Stevens as a widow who helps him, Ed Begley as the leader of the gang that tried to hang him, and Pat Hingle as the judge who hires Jed as a US Marshal. Body Language (Kylie Minogue album) Body Language is the ninth studio album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue. It was recorded during the summer of 2003 in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Spain, and released on 20 November 2003 by Parlophone. The album contains three official singles, "Slow", "Red Blooded Woman" and "Chocolate". Fabián Alarcón Fabián Ernesto Alarcón Rivera (born April 14, 1947) was President of Ecuador from 6 February 1997 to 9 February 1997 and from February 11, 1997 to August 10, 1998. Alarcón was born in Quito. He was head of the Congress from 1991 to 1992 and then again from August 1995 to February 1997, when he was made acting president due to the impeachment of President Abdalá Bucaram. Gustavo Noboa Gustavo José Joaquín Noboa Bejarano (21 August 1937 – 16 February 2021) was an Ecuadorian politician. He was the 42nd President of Ecuador from 22 January 2000 to 15 January 2003. Before, he was the Vice President during Jamil Mahuad's government from 1998 to 2000. Noboa was born on 21 August 1937 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He was married to María Isabel Baquerizo. In March 2006, Noboa was put under house arrest for mishandling Ecuador's foreign debt. Noboa died at a hospital in Miami, Florida from a heart attack while having brain cancer surgery on 16 February 2021, aged 83. James Whale James Whale (22 July 1889 – 29 May 1957) was an English movie director, theatre director, and actor. He is best remembered for his horror movies. These include "Frankenstein" (1931), "The Old Dark House" (1932), "The Invisible Man" (1933) and "Bride of Frankenstein" (1935). He also directed the movie musical "Show Boat" (1936). Whale was born into a large family. Early on, he discovered his artistic talent and studied art. With the outbreak of World War I, Whale joined the British Army. He became an officer. He was captured by the Germans. During his time as a prisoner of war, he became interested in theatre. After the war, he became an actor, set designer, and director. He moved to the United States to direct a Broadway play, and then moved to Hollywood to direct movies. Whale lived in Hollywood for the rest of his life with his longtime companion, producer David Lewis. Whale directed a dozen movies for Universal Studios between 1930 and 1936, developing a style influenced by German Expressionism. After string of movies failures, Whale's directing career was over by 1941. He continued to direct for the stage, painted, and travelled. His retirement years were comfortable until strokes in 1956 left him in pain. Whale committed suicide on 29 May 1957 by drowning himself in his backyard swimming pool. Cash Cab Cash Cab is an American television game show. It airs on the Discovery Channel. It started on December 5, 2005, and ended 2012. It is hosted by Ben Bailey. It takes place in New York City. Gameplay. Potential contestants enter a taxi driven by Bailey. When they get in and say where they want to go, they are made aware that they are in the Cash Cab through ceiling lights and music, followed by Bailey's greeting. They are then asked if they want to play. If they do not want to play, they can get out of the taxi. If they do want to play, they have to stay in the taxi until they reach where they want to go or get three strikes. Contestants who play are asked a series of questions by Bailey. The first four questions are worth $50, the next four are worth $100, and questions after that are worth $200. In the first two seasons, the questions were worth $25, $50, and $100. If a contestant answers a question wrong, they get a strike. If the contestant gets three strikes, they have to get out of the taxi no matter where they are. Contestants have two helps known as "Shout-Outs." The first Shout-Out is the Mobile Shout-Out, which lets the contestant call someone they know for help. The call can take up to 15 seconds. The other Shout-Out is the Street Shout-Out, where Bailey pulls over the taxi, and the contestant can ask someone on the street for help. When the taxi has to stop at a red light and the contestant has at least $200, a "Red Light Challenge" is played. A question will be given that has more than one correct answer. The contestant has 30 seconds to give all of the correct answers to the question. If the contestant does so, they get $250. If the 30 second time limit runs out, the contestant doesn't get a strike. Most games have only one Red Light Challenge, but starting in the fourth season, some games have more than one. The second is played if the contestant has at least $1,000. If the contestant gets to where they wanted to go without getting three strikes, they have a choice: they can leave the taxi and keep the money they won, or risk it on a Video Bonus question. If they decide to play the Video Bonus question, a clip is played, and a question is asked based on it. If the contestant answers correctly, their money is doubled. If they give a wrong answer, they lose all of their money. Starting in the fourth season, some games are Double Ride games. The first four questions are worth $100, the next four are worth $200, and questions after are worth $400. The Red Light Challenge is worth $500. Other versions. In 2007, a spin-off, "Cash Cab: After Dark", started. Contestants were picked up near or after sunset, as well as overnight. The questions were worth double the amount of "Cash Cab", and the questions were harder. Another spin-off, "Cash Cab: Chicago", started during "Cash Cab"'s sixth season. It was hosted by Beth Melewski and used the same rules as the New York "Cash Cab". It ended after one season. Ayelet Zurer Ayelet Zurer (born 28 June 1969) is an Israeli actress. She is known for her roles in "Angels & Demons", "Fugitive Pieces", and in "Man of Steel". She was bron in Tel Aviv. Zurer was born to a Jewish family. She has been married to Gilad Londovski since 2003. They had one child. Antje Traue Antje Traue (born January 18, 1981) is a German actress. She is known for her roles in "Pandorum", "Kleinruppin Forever", "5 Days of War", and in "Man of Steel". Traue was born on January 18, 1981, in Mittweida, Saxony, Germany. Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu (22 January 1971 – 25 July 2017), often known simply as Gurrumul, was an indigenous Australian musician. He was best known as a singer. Most of his songs are sung in Galpu, Gumatj or Djambarrpuyngu, which are all languages of the Yolngu people of northeastern Arnhem Land. He plays the guitar, drums, keyboards and "yidaki" (didgeridoo). Gurrumul was born at Galiwin'ku, on Elcho Island, off the coast of Arnhem Land. He belongs to the Gumatj clan of the Yolngu, and his mother is from the Galpu clan. He was born blind. Although a few of his songs are written and sung in English, he does not speak the language. He is also said to be very shy, and does not normally speak during performances. Gurrumul was a founding member of the band Yothu Yindi. He played in this band for almost ten years, until 1995. He formed Saltwater Band a few years later and remains their lead singer. He released his first solo album, "Gurrumul", in 2008. It was highly successful, and won several awards. It peaked at #3 on the ARIA Charts and #1 on the independent chart. Gurrumul was nominated for four ARIA awards, and won two of them (Best World Music Album and Best Independent Release). He also won three Deadly Awards: Artist of the Year, Album of the Year for "Gurrumul" and Single of the Year for "Gurrumul History (I Was Born Blind)". At the Independent Music Awards, he won Best New Independent Artist, as well as Best Independent Release and Best Independent Blues/Roots Release for "Gurrumul". He won the award for Best Independent Blues and Roots Album again in 2011, for "Rrakala". Yunupingu died at Royal Darwin Hospital, Northern Territory on 25 July 2017 of kidney and liver failure. He was aged 46. Looptroop Rockers Looptroop Rockers is a reggae, hiphop and electro band from Västerås, Sweden, they sing in both English and Swedish but mostly English. The band's former name was just Looptroop. The band has 9 albums and some EPs. The members of the group are Promoe, Supreme. Embee and CosM.I.C, the producers is DvsG (David vs. Goliath) and Burning Heart Records. The band were created in 1991 by Promoe and Embee, the band was complete in 1996. Now it’s the biggest Swedish export in Hiphop. The name Looptroop comes from loops (the beat is repeating over and over till the end of the song) and ‘troop’ stands for Freedom Writers because they sing about the government. Eyespot An eyespot is a simple organ in biology used to detect light. It may be called an ocellus, or pigment pit. They are quite common in small, simple invertebrates, such as "Planaria". They do not have lenses or any means of focussing. Therefore, they can sense light from dark, but do not give the animal a visual scene as our eyes do. In many simple animals the eyespot senses light with a pigment molecule called an opsin. Then a nerve fibre goes from the eyespot to the simple nervous system. This allows the animal to move in response to (for example) a shadow passing over it. Eyespots also occur in single-celled protists like "Euglena" and "Chlamydomonas", where it is connected to the flagellum. This allows the information from the light patch to influence the cells's movement. The first fossils of eyes that have been found to date are from the early Cambrian period (about 540 million years ago). This period saw a burst of apparently rapid evolution, called the "Cambrian explosion". One idea is that the evolution of eyes started an arms race which led to a rapid spate of evolution. Much earlier than this organisms would have used light spots for light sensitivity, but did not have a visual scene for rapid navigation. Koenigsegg Koenigsegg Automotive AB is a Swedish company that makes cars. They make "super cars", a mixture of sports cars and a fast cars. The main office is in Ängelholm, Sweden. History. The creator and manager of Koenigsegg is Christian E. H. von Koenigsegg. In 1994 he created Koenigsegg as a small company, after years of planning. The designer David Crafoord designed the concept car for Koenigsegg's original drawings. Then, they built a prototype that could be driven. They tested the car for several years and developed it further. In 2002, the company started the series production of the model CC 8S. Koenigsegg CC 8S was named by the Guinness Book of Records for the world's most powerful car with its 1,050 horsepower. Cars. Koenigsegg's fastest car is Koenigsegg 2013 Agera R. It can go up to 440 km/h (273 mph). In 14,5 seconds the car can go up to 300 km/h (186 mph). Managed motorway Managed motorways in the United Kingdom are motorways which use active traffic management. Their aim is to increase traffic capacity at times of peak traffic flow. They use variable speed limits and hard shoulder running at busy times. A "hard shoulder" is an inner lane which in normal times is only used for emergencies. Active traffic management was first used in 2005. The system is now in operation on sections of the M1, M4, M6, and M42, and there are proposals for its use on sections of the M5, M25, M60 and M62. Benefits include smoother traffic flows, more reliable journey times, fewer road traffic collisions, and reduced noise and harmful vehicle emissions. Where only variable speed limits are used, it is called a controlled motorway. Mooreana trichoneura Mooreana trichoneura is commonly known as the 'yellow flat'. It is a butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae. It has a wingspan of 32-36mm. Butterflies like this are called 'flats' because they fly quickly and usually rest on the underside of a leaf with their wings open flat. Its host plant is "Mallotus paniculatus", in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. The yellow flat is usually found in lowland forests up to 833m (2500ft). The yellow flat has a wide distribution. It ranges from India to Thailand to Malaysia and can even be found in the Philippines. In the 4th quarter of 2012, it was discovered in Singapore. Kiddush Kiddush () is a blessing said by Jews at the start of Shabbat and holiday meals. The term is also used to refer to a light meal served in the synagogue after the long Shabbat and holiday morning prayers. The word comes from a Hebrew root meaning "holy". Kiddush at the evening Shabbat meal. There are two versions of the Ten Commandments in the Bible. These versions use different words. The version in Exodus says "Remember Shabbat to keep it holy." The version in Deuteronomy says "Guard Shabbat to keep it holy." Jewish custom says that "remember" means to "celebrate" Shabbat. "Guard" means "resting"—not working or doing business. There are many things Jews do to celebrate Shabbat [see Shabbat (Celebrating Shabbat)]. The minimum way to celebrate is to say the blessing "Blessed are You, God, Who makes Shabbat holy." The Talmud adds that the blessing should be said with a cup of wine. This is because wine makes people feel happy. Because of this, the Friday evening meal in a Jewish home starts with a ceremony to say this blessing over a cup of wine. Text. In traditional homes, the blessing is said in the Hebrew language. This is a Simple English translation of the blessing. Words in italics "like this" are added to explain the Hebrew. Kiddush at the morning (or noon) Shabbat meal. There is a different version of Kiddush for the Shabbat morning (or noon) meal. This ceremony makes the meal feel more special. For the morning Kiddush, a person says verses from the Torah about Shabbat. These verses are usually from and . The person ends with the same blessing over the wine: Kiddush at the third Shabbat meal. Most Jews do not say Kiddush at the third Shabbat meal. However, Maimonides ruled that they should do so. The text for this Kiddush includes . That verse is the source of the law to have three meals on Shabbat. Kiddush in the synagogue. Kiddush is also said in the synagogue. This does not replace saying Kiddush at home before the meal. Kiddush on important Jewish holidays. Kiddush is said on these Jewish holidays: The holiday texts are different from the Shabbat texts. The blessings are said in the same way and at the same time of day as on Shabbat, but there are two differences: The Kiddush cup. Jews usually use a fancy cup for Kiddush. The most common material for this cup is silver. Other materials are also used. These include ceramic, glass and wood. The most important part of the custom is for the cup to be special and unusual in honor of the blessing. Predator (movie) Predator is a 1987 American science fiction horror/action movie. It was directed by John McTiernan. The movie stars Arnold Schwarzenegger, Carl Weathers, Jesse Ventura, and Kevin Peter Hall. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. The story follows a special forces team, led by 'Dutch' (Arnold Schwarzenegger). They are on a mission to rescue hostages in Central America. The group does not know that they are being hunted by a technologically advanced alien, the Predator. "Predator" was written by Jim and John Thomas in 1985. Filming began in April 1986. Production. The movie cost about $15 million to make. It was released in the United States on June 12, 1987. "Predator" made $98,267,558 at the box office. At first, the reviews to "Predator" were negative. Much of this was because of a weak plot. Two sequels, "Predator 2" (1990) and "Predators" (2010) were made. There have also been two movies with the "Alien" franchise. These are "Alien vs. Predator" (2004) and "" (2007). Box office. "Predator" was #1 at the US box office in its opening weekend with a gross of $12 million. Only "Beverly Hills Cop II" made more money in 1987. The movie earned a total of $98,267,558. Of this, $59,735,548 was from the US & Canadian box office. $38,532,010 was made overseas. Tor Johnson Tor Johnson (born Tor Johansson, 19 October 1903 – 12 May 1971) was a Swedish professional wrestler and movie and television actor. During his wrestling career, he was billed as the Super-Swedish Angel. Johnson was born in Sweden, the son of Karl J. Johansson and Lovisa Petersson. He began appearing in movies in 1934, usually as boxers or wrestlers. In the 1940s, he played lumbering thugs and scowling plug-uglies. He appeared with Bob Hope and Bing Crosby in "Road to Rio" (1947), in "Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion" (1950), and with Shirley Jones in the movie version of "Carousel" (1956). He is best known though for his appearances in the low budget movies directed by Ed Wood. He played Lobo in "Bride of the Monster" and "Night of the Ghouls", and the zombified Inspector Clay in "Plan 9 from Outer Space". In the early 1960s, he had guest appearances as wrestlers, thugs, and circus strongmen in various television series including "Peter Gunn", "Bonanza", and "The Shirley Temple Show". Johnson died in San Fernando, California, from heart failure in 1971. He was buried at the Eternal Valley Memorial Park in Newhall, California. Other websites. Colony of Virginia The Colony of Virginia (also known as Virginia Colony) was the first of thirteen colonies in North America. The English first tried to make the Roanoke Colony in 1584. A war delayed resupply until 1890. When the ships arrived, the colonists were gone. The decision to settle Jamestown again came from a group called the Virginia Company of London. Virginia was settled again in 1607 at Jamestown, this time successfully. The Virginia Company had its charter revoked in 1624 for not showing a profit. At that time the colony of Virginia became a crown colony. It became a British colony after 1707.). It remained an English colony until the American Revolution. The name Virginia was first applied by Sir Walter Raleigh and Queen Elizabeth I in 1584. After the English Civil War in the mid 17th century, the Virginia Colony was nicknamed "The Old Dominion" by King Charles II. He gave Virginia colony the name for its loyalty to the crown during the era of the Commonwealth of England. When Virginia colony was first settled it was a huge geographic area that was England's claim on all of North America. After the United States was formed, the entire states of West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana and Illinois, and portions of Ohio were all later created from the territory that was once known in the Colony of Virginia. List of One Day International cricket matches played by Bangladesh and West Indies The cricket teams of Bangladesh and West Indies have played against each other in ODIs since 2003. They have met on 14 occasions. West Indies is most successful with 13 victories, Bangladesh have won in only 1 game. Night of the Ghouls Night of the Ghouls is a 1959 horror movie written, directed, and produced by Ed Wood. It is a sequel of sorts to Wood's 1955 horror movie, "Bride of the Monster". The story is about a crook, Dr. Acula, who pretends to be able to contact the dead. He charges people large amounts of money to speak to their dead relatives. He summons a group of real ghosts who bury him alive. The movie stars Kenne Duncan as Dr. Karl Acula, Duke Moore as Lt. Dan Bradford, Tor Johnson as Lobo, Valda Hansen as Sheila, Paul Marco as Patrolman Kelton, and Criswell as himself. Paul Marco Paul Marco (June 10, 1927 – May 14, 2006) was an American actor. He often appeared in movies made by Ed Wood, including the "Kelton Trilogy": "Bride of the Monster", "Night of the Ghouls" and "Plan 9 from Outer Space". In this trilogy, he played a bumbling, fearful policeman named Kelton. Biography. Marco was born in Los Angeles. He took lessons in drama, singing, and dancing at an early age. After graduating from Hollywood High School, he served in the United States Navy during World War II. His first known movie role was a small part in the 1944 movie "Sweet and Low-Down" with Benny Goodman. In the early 1950s, The Amazing Criswell predicted on national television that Paul Marco would go far in the movie business. Criswell introduced Marco to Ed Wood. In turn, Marco introduced Ed Wood to Bunny Breckinridge, a gay Shakespearean actor. Breckinridge lived with Marco for a time and co-starred in Wood's "Plan 9 from Outer Space". Marco depended on Wood for parts. He more or less retired as an actor as Ed Wood's movies shifted more and more towards pornography. In 1995, Marco recorded "Home on the Strange", in which he reprised his Kelton character for Dionysus Records. He revived Kelton once more in the 2005 science fiction satire/tribute film "The Naked Monster". On May 14, 2006, Paul Marco died after a battle with hip problems and chronic illness. He was 78. Duke Moore Duke Moore, (July 15, 1913 as James Moore – November 16, 1976), was an American actor. He appeared only in movies made by Ed Wood. Between 1953 and 1970, Moore appeared in the following Wood movies: "Crossroads of Laredo"; "Final Curtain"; "Night of the Ghouls"; "Plan 9 from Outer Space"; "The Sinister Urge", and "Take it Out in Trade". Moore died in Hollywood of a heart attack. Struga Struga is a small city in the southwest of North Macedonia at the Lake Ohrid. The Black Drin river runs through the town, dividing it into a western and an eastern part. About 15,000 people live in Struga. They are a mix of Albanians, (Slavic) Macedonians, Turks and Romani. Struga is known for its tourism, mostly in the summer, when people come to take a bath at the shores of the Lake Ohrid and of the river Black Drin. Struga is also the capital of the municipality with the same name including the town itself as well as nearby villages. Valley Springs, South Dakota Valley Springs is a city in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is located in Minnehaha County along the Minnesota state line. Valley Springs became a city in 1879, and 759 people lived there at the 2010 census. Catalan independence movement The Catalan independence or separatism is a political movement that supports the independence of Catalonia or the Catalan countries from Spain and France. The Catalan independence movement began in the 19th century. The separatists believe that Catalonia is a nation. Catalonia has its own language (Catalan language) and culture (Catalan culture). During the Francisco Franco dictatorship, Catalans and the Catalan language were oppressed. Recently, the number of people who support Catalan independence has increased. In 2012 there was a demonstration in Barcelona with 1.500.000 people. The majority of the parliament in Catalunya wants to have a referendum on independence, and 55% identify as separatists. The Estelada flag is the symbol of the Catalan independence movement. Jalil Zandi Jalil Zandi (2 May 1951 – 1 April 2001) was an Iranian flying ace in the Iran-Iraq War. He was an F-14 Tomcat pilot. He had the most victories in the air combat in the Iran-Iraq War: 11 victories ( 8 confirmed victories and 3 probable victories). His victories include 4 MiG-23s, 2 Su-22s, 2 MiG 21s and 3 Mirage F1s). He was also the most successful F-14 pilot ever. He had the rank of brigadier general. He died with his wife Zahra Mohebshahedin in 2001 in a car accident near Tehran. He is buried in Behesht-e Zahra cemetery in the south of Tehran. John Le Mesurier John Le Mesurier (born John Elton Le Mesurier Halliley; 5 April 1912 – 15 November 1983) was an English actor and comedian. He is best remembered for his comedic role as Sergeant Arthur Wilson in the BBC television situation comedy "Dad's Army" (1968–77). Le Mesurier was born on 5 April 1912 in Bedford, Bedfordshire, England. He studied at the Sherborne School. Le Mesurier was married to June Melville from 1940 until they divorced in 1949. Then he was married to Hattie Jacques from 1949 until they divorced in 1965. Then he was married to Joan Malin from 1966 until his death in 1983. He had two sons. Le Mesurier died from a stomach hemorrhage caused by cirrhosis of the liver in Ramsgate, Kent, England, aged 71. Free Realms Free Realms is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game. It is set in a fantasy-themed world, named "Sacred Grove". It was made by Sony Online Entertainment for PC, Mac and PlayStation 3. The game was released on 29 April 2009. On March 31, 2014, the game was officially shut down. Cellular automaton A cellular automaton is a model used in computer science and mathematics. The idea is to model a dynamic system by using a number of cells. Each cell has one of several possible states. With each "turn" or iteration the state of the current cell is determined by two things: its current state, and the states of the neighbouring cells. A very famous example of a cellular automata is Conway's Game of Life. Stanislaw Ulam and John von Neumann first described cellular automata in the 1940s. Conway's Game of Life was first shown in the 1970s. Biology. Some biological processes occur—or can be simulated—by cellular automata. The patterns of certain seashells are generated by natural cellular automata. Examples can be seen in the genera "Conus" and "Cymbiola". The pigment cells are in a narrow band along the shell's lip. Each cell secretes pigments according to the activating and inhibiting activity of its neighbor pigment cells, obeying a natural version of a mathematical rule. The cell band leaves the colored pattern on the shell as it grows slowly. For example, the widespread species "Conus textile" bears a pattern resembling Wolfram's rule 30 cellular automaton. Plants regulate their intake and loss of gases via a cellular automaton mechanism. Each stoma on the leaf acts as a cell. Moving wave patterns on the skin of cephalopods can be simulated with a two-state, two-dimensional cellular automata, each state corresponding to either an expanded or retracted chromatophore. Threshold automata have been invented to simulate neurons, and complex behaviors such as recognition and learning can be simulated. Fibroblasts are similar to cellular automata, as each fibroblast only interacts with its neighbors. Henry Morgentaler Heniek "Henry" Morgentaler, (March 19, 1923 – May 29, 2013), was a Polish-born Canadian physician and pro-choice activist who fought many legal battles about expanding abortion rights in Canada. When he was young during World War II, Morgentaler was imprisoned at the Łódź Ghetto and later at the Dachau concentration camp. He survived the Holocaust. He was a humanist and received the Order of Canada in 2008. Morgentaler was born on March 19, 1923 in Łódź, Poland. He was married to Chava Rosenfarb from 1945 until they divorced in 1975. Morgentaler died on May 29, 2013 in Toronto, Canada from a heart attack, aged 90. Andrew Greeley Andrew M. Greeley (February 5, 1928 – May 29, 2013) was an American Roman Catholic priest, educator, sociologist, journalist, philanthropist, and popular author. Greeley was born on February 5, 1928 in Oak Park, Illinois to an Irish family. He was raised a Catholic. Greeley studied at Archbishop Quigley Preparatory Seminary and at St. Mary of the Lake Seminary. He retired in 2009 after an injury. Greeley suffered skull fractures in a fall in 2008 when his clothing got caught on the door of a taxi as it pulled away; he was hospitalized in critical condition. He remained in poor health. Greeley died on May 29, 2013 at his Chicago home. He was 85. Coriaria ruscifolia Coriaria ruscifolia are shrubs or small trees with bright red fruits like berries. The fruits and the leaves are very poisonous. Common names. This species has many names in Latin America. Some of them are: Systematics. "Coriaria ruscifolia" was described for the first time by Linnaeus in 1753 in "Species Plantarum" (Vol. 2, page 1037), from a plant from Peru. The species is divided in two subspecies: Description. Shrub up to 4 metres high. Dark green leaves on the top and pale gray on the underside. Flowers grouped in terminal inflorescences on lateral branches, sepals are green to red, small petals, yellow or red anthers. Fruits look like berries but they are small nuts (achenes). The fruits are covered by the petals. The number of chromosomes is 40. The plants of "C. ruscifolia" subsp. "microphylla" can fix nitrogen from the air because they have bacteria in their roots. Where it grows. C. ruscifolia grows in the Americas and some Pacific Islands: Uses. It is a very toxic plant. Fruits are hallucinogens exciting the nervous system. The leaves have tannin and serve for tanning (making leather out of skins). It is recommended as an ornamental. In Chile, the fruits are used mixed with bread to kill mice and rats. The Little Mermaid (statue) The Little Mermaid () is a statue in Copenhagen, Denmark. It sits on a rock in the harbor. It was inspired by a performance of a ballet based on the fairy tale "The Little Mermaid" by Hans Christian Andersen. It is tall. Sculptor Edvard Eriksen created the bronze statue. It was presented to the public on 23 August 1913. The statue was the idea of Carl Jacobsen, son of the founder of Carlsberg. He asked ballerina, Ellen Price of Copenhagen's Royal Theatre, to pose for the statue. Only the statue's head was modelled on Price. She did not agree to pose in the nude, so the sculptor's wife, Eline Eriksen, posed for the body. The Little Mermaid has been the victim of vandalism many times since the 1960s. Her head has been cut off, and she has had paint poured over her several times. In September 2003, the statue was knocked off its base with explosives. The statue has always been repaired after such acts. Dean Brooks Dean Kent Brooks (July 22, 1916 – May 30, 2013) or Dean R. Brooks was an American physician and actor. Early life. Brooks was born on July 22, 1916 in Everett, Washington. He studied at University of Kansas Medical School. Career. He was the head of the Oregon State Hospital in 1975 when the movie "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest" was filmed there, which is why he appeared in the movie. He starred as Dr. John Spivey M.D.. Brooks was the superintendent of Oregon State Hospital for 27 years from 1955 to 1982. Brooks was first licensed in Oregon to practice psychiatry in 1950. He retired from the practice of Psychiatric Medicine in 1999. Later life. He was married to Ulista Jean Moser until her death in 2006. They had two daughters. Death. Brooks died on May 30, 2013 in Salem, Oregon from natural causes, aged 96. My Cousin Vinny My Cousin Vinny is a 1992 American criminal comedy movie. Joe Pesci and Marisa Tomei star. The subject of the movie is two young New Yorkers traveling across rural Alabama. They are put on trial for a murder they did not commit. Tomei plays Mona Lisa. Pesci plays Vincent ("Vinny" for short). This comedy movie was released in March 1992 in the United States. It received positive reviews from the critics. Bulgarian Orthodox Church The Bulgarian Orthodox Church is a major Christian denomination in Bulgaria. It has around 8-10 million members worldwide. The head of the church is the Patriarch of All Bulgaria. Hangman Hangman is a paper-and-pencil guessing game played by two or more people. One player thinks of a word, phrase, or sentence, and the other players have to try and guess it. They do so by calling letters or numbers that they think are in the word. The word is shown as a row of dashes. If a guessing player gives a letter or number that is in the word, the other player writes the letter or number in the places that they are in the word. If the letter or number is not in the word, the other player draws a part of a hanged man stick figure as a tally mark (a form of numeral used for counting). The game ends when: The television game show "Wheel of Fortune" is based off of Hangman. It uses a roulette-style wheel that players spin for cash and prizes. Battle of Majuba Hill The Battle of Majuba Hill was the main battle of the First Boer War. It happened near Volksrust, South Africa on 27 February 1881. While the battle was small it was important in history. It led to the signing of a peace treaty. The treaty was between the British and the South African Republic. It ended the First Boer War. Also the fire and movement tactics used by the Boers were years ahead of their time. This battle and two before it convinced the British of the Boers strength. During the Second Anglo-Boer War "Remember Majuba" became a rallying cry. Some important British historians say that this defeat marked the beginning of the decline of the British Empire. Thomas (name) Thomas is a masculine given name. "Tom" or "Thom" are short versions of Thomas. "Tommy" is commonly used. Thomas (surname) Thomas (and Tomas) is a common surname. It is most often used by the British, French, German, Dutch, Danish, and South Indian. Some notable people with this surname are: Sondra Locke Sondra Locke (May 28, 1944 – November 3, 2018) was an American actress who was known for starring mostly in movies. She starred as Laura Lee in "The Outlaw Josey Wales" in 1976. The following year, she played Augustina Mally in "The Gauntlet" (1977). Locke was born in Shelbyville, Tennessee. Locke was nominated for Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Mick Kelly in "The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter" (1968). Locke died in Los Angeles, California on November 3, 2018 from cardiac arrest complicated by breast and bone cancer, aged 74. The Gauntlet The Gauntlet is a 1977 action movie. It was directed by and stars Clint Eastwood. Eastwood plays Detective Ben Shockley. Sondra Locke plays Augustina Mally. The movie is about an alcoholic police officer and a related prostitute who become caught up in ambushes by corrupt police officers. This movie was got mixed reviews from critics. It earned $36 million. The movie was released in December 1977. Sukhoi Su-17 Su-17 Fitter is a Soviet attack aircraft. It first entered into the Soviet Air Forces in 1970. Its other names in other communist countries and in the Middle East are Su-20 and Su-22. It is not active in Russia any more, but it is still active in Vietnam, Syria, Yemen, Poland and Angola. Edward O. Thorp Edward Oakley Thorp (born 14 August 1932) is an American mathematics professor, author, hedge fund manager, and blackjack player. He is best known as the author of "Beat the Dealer" (1962). This was the first book to prove that the house advantage in blackjack could be overcome by card counting. As part of this work he collaborated with Claude Shannon in creating the first wearable computer in 1961. Thorp also developed and applied effective hedge fund techniques in the financial markets. He was a pioneer in modern applications of probability theory, including the harnessing of very small correlations for reliable financial gain. Thorp received his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1958, and worked at M.I.T. from 1959 to 1961. He was a professor of mathematics from 19611965 at New Mexico State University, and then joined the University of California, Irvine where he was a professor of mathematics from 1965 to 1977 and a professor of mathematics and finance from 1977 to 1982. Stock market. Since the late 1960s, Thorp has used his knowledge of probability and statistics in the stock market by discovering and exploiting a number of pricing in the securities markets. Thorp is currently the President of Edward O. Thorp & Associates, based in Newport Beach, CA. In May 1998, Thorp reported that his personal investments yielded an annualized 20 percent rate of return averaged over 28.5 years. Maureen Duffy Maureen Patricia Duffy (born 21 October 1933 in Worthing, Sussex, England) is a British poet, novelist, and writer of plays. Early life and education. Duffy graduated from King's College London. Her degree was in English. She became a schoolteacher in 1956. She left that work in 1961. In 1961, she became a fulltime poet and writer of plays. Her first novel was "That's How It Was". It was published in 1962. It was praised by critics. Works. She has published around thirty books. Her "Collected Poems, 1949–84" appeared in 1985. Her work has often used Freudian ideas and Greek Myth as a framework. She has been active in supporting the rights of homosexuals. In 1977 she published "The Ballad of the Blasphemy Trial", a broadside against the trial of the "Gay News" newspaper for "blasphemous libel." She has also been active in a variety of groups representing the interest of writers. At one time, she was the President of the "European Writers' Congress" (renamed European Writers Council in 2008). She was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1985 and awarded their Benson Medal in 2004. She is also deeply interested in intellectual property law. Beesha Darawiish Beesha Darawiish or Si'iid Harti, also called Reer Darawiish, means the Dhulbahante tribe. The Dhulbahante were called Darwiishes during the colonial era. The Darwiish was the successor state to the Dhulbahante garaadship. The Dhulbahante Garaadship (, ) was a kingdom from 1530 until 1895. Dhulbahante is also a Somali clan known for being the backbone of Darwiish. It is part of the larger Harti Darod clan. They live mainly in Sool, Cayn and Sanaag. Hydrogenosome A hydrogenosome is a membrane-enclosed organelle of some anaerobic ciliates, trichomonads, fungi and a few metazoa. The hydrogenosomes of trichomonads (the best studied) produce ATP by a complex metabolic cycle. Unlike mitochondria, this cycle does not use oxygen. It is thought that hydrogenosomes evolved from mitochondria; their structure is rather similar. In 2010, scientists reported their discovery of the first known anaerobic metazoans with hydrogenosome-like organelles. These organisms were Loricifera living in sediments under deep-water brine pools like the L'Atalante basin. These brine pools are completely without any oxygen (anoxic). New Zealand national cricket team The New Zealand Cricket team played their first test match against England in 1930. As of October 2021, they are ranked first in the world by the International Cricket Council (ICC). Marylebone Cricket Club Marylebone Cricket Club was founded in 1787 by Thomas Lord. It was one of the most important cricket clubs in the world for much of the history of cricket. Karjala (disambiguation) Karjala may refer to Marylebone Marylebone (, , or ) is an area of central London in the City of Westminster. Facta (encyclopedia) Facta is an encyclopedia in Finnish. It was published as a series of 11 volumes between 1969 and 1974. It describes subjects from a Finnish point of view. Mäntsälä Mäntsälä is a municipality in Finland. About 21,000 people lived there in 2015. The municipalities next to it are Askola, Hausjärvi, Hyvinkää, Järvenpää, Tuusula, Kärkölä, Orimattila, Pornainen, Pukkila and Sipoo. Mäntsälä was probably founded in 1585. Joutsa Joutsa is a municipality in Central Finland. It is part of Itä-Häme, along with Hartola, Sysmä, Pertunmaa, Heinola and Luhanka. Almost 4,900 people lived in Joutsa as of February 2014. It covers an area of . Neighbouring municipalities are Hartola, Hirvensalmi, Jyväskylä, Kangasniemi, Luhanka, Pertunmaa and Toivakka. The former municipality of Leivonmäki was merged with Joutsa in 2008. Culture. The newspaper "Joutsan Seutu" is published in Joutsa and Luhanka. A summer festival, Joutsan Joutopäivät, is held on the second weekend of July. Sahti culture is strong in Joutsa. "Joutsan sahti" is a locally made traditional drink. Villages. Angesselkä, Etu-Ikola, Hankaa, Havumäki, Joutsa, Kivisuo, Kälä, Laitjärvi, Lapinkylä, Leivonmäki, Marjotaipale, Martinkylä, Mieskonmäki, Niemistenkylä, Pajumäki, Pappinen, Pylsy, Pärnämäki, Ruokoranta, Ruorasmäki, Rutalahti, Savenaho, Selänpohja, Taka-Ikola, Tammilahti, Tolvasniemi, Uimaniemi, Vallaspelto, Vähä-Joutsa and Vehmaa. Mäntyharju Mäntyharju is a municipality in Finland. Almost 6,350 people lived there in August 2012. It covers an area of about . Villages include Ahvenisto, Anettu, Enonlahti, Halmeniemi, Hietaniemi, Huopola, Hyyrylä, Hölttä, Jäniskylä, Karankamäki, Kinni, Kirkonkylä, Koirakivi, Korpilahti, Kousa, Kuhajärvi, Kukonkorpi, Kyttälä, Lahnaniemi, Leppäniemi, Luhtanen, Lyytikkälä, Mynttilä, Niinimäki, Nurmaa, Ollikkala, Outila, Paasola, Partsinmaa, Poitsiniemi, Pyhäkoski, Pärnämäki, Saviniemi, Särkemäki, Tiilikkala, Toivola, Valtola, Vanonen and Varpanen. Feldkirch, Vorarlberg Feldkirch is the second largest city in Vorarlberg. The largest hospital of Vorarlberg is there. About 33,000 people lived in Feldkirch, in 2019. Feldkirch has seven districts named Feldkirch, Tisis, Tosters, Nofels, Levis, Gisingen and Altenstadt. Mikkeli Mikkeli is a town in Southern Savonia, Finland. As of January 2014, the population was almost 54,700. In the Finnish point of view, Mikkeli is a city, not a town. Neighbouring municipalities are Hirvensalmi, Juva, Kangasniemi, Mäntyharju, Pieksämäki, Puumala and Savitaipale. The former municipality of Haukivuori was merged with Mikkeli in 2007. The former municipalities of Ristiina and Suomenniemi was merged with Mikkeli in 2013. Mikkeli was established in 1838. Medullary ray In botany, medullary rays (pith rays or wood rays) are sheets or ribbons of cells running from the inside of the plant to the outside. That is, they run at right angles to the xylem and phloem, which run vertically. While the plant is alive, these medullary cells are alive. They carry nutrients (sap) towards the surface of the tree. In wood products the rays can be seen running perpendicular to the growth rings. If wood is cut into boards with the growth rings roughly perpendicular to the face of the board, the medullary rays often produce beautiful "figure" such as silver grain, medullary spots, pith flecks, etc. The function of medullary rays is to carry chemicals which fight invasion by insects and fungi, and block any damaged areas. The cells deposit tannins and resins which block up the damaged area. This process is called "tylosis". Savonlinna Savonlinna is a town in Finland. The population was almost 36,250 in January 2014. Neighbouring municipalities are Enonkoski, Heinävesi, Kitee, Liperi, Parikkala, Rantasalmi, Ruokolahti, Rääkkylä, Sulkava and Varkaus. Some parts of central Savonlinna has been built over islands. Over one-third of the area is water or islands. The former municipalities of Kerimäki and Punkaharju were merged with Savonlinna in 2013. Rovaniemi Rovaniemi is a town in Lapland, in northern Finland. Rovaniemi is very close to the Arctic Circle. The population was over 61,000 in January 2014. The area is huge in typical European scale. Neigbouring municipalities are Kittilä, Sodankylä, Kolari, Pello, Ylitornio, Tervola, Ranua, Posio, Kemijärvi and Pelkosenniemi. On 1 January 2006, (Rural municipality of Rovaniemi) was merged into a single municipality. Quiet storm Quiet storm is a late-night radio format that plays slow soul music. It developed in the 1970s in Washington, D.C. Christy Mathewson Christopher Mathewson (August 12, 1880 - October 7, 1925) was an American Major League Baseball player. He was known as "Big Six", "The Christian Gentleman", and "Matty". He played for the New York Giants and the Cincinnati Reds, and also managed the Reds. He became a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936. Drying rack Drying rack is a rack used for drying clothes after they have been washed. It is also called a clothes horse or a clothes rack. It is usually located inside a house, as a replacement to a washing line, which is located outside. An automated drying rack (also known variously as a automated drying rack, automatic laundry airer or automated laundry system) is a ceiling-mounted mechanism to dry clothes and is automated. In Singapore, it is often know as automated laundry rack. Altenstadt (Feldkirch) Altenstadt is a district of Feldkirch in Austria. The biggest and most important school in Feldkirch is there. Cytokine storm A cytokine storm is an overreaction of the body's immune system. It can be deadly. It consists of a positive feedback loop between cytokines and immune cells. It is believed that cytokine storms were responsible for many of the deaths during the 1918 influenza pandemic, which killed a disproportionate number of young adults. In this case, a healthy immune system may have been a liability rather than an asset. Preliminary research results from Hong Kong also suggest this as the probable reason for many deaths during the SARS epidemic in 2003. Human deaths from the bird flu H5N1 usually involve cytokine storms as well. Dassault Mirage F1 Mirage F1 is a French air superiority and attack aircraft. Its first flight was on 23 December 1966, but it first entered into the French Air Force in 1973. Dassault Aviation has built this turbojet aircraft. Its current important users are France, Iran and Morocco. Black Hole of Calcutta Black Hole of Calcutta was a dungeon in old Fort William, Calcutta, India. It was 18 feet (5.5 metres) long and 14 feet (4 metres) wide, and had two small windows. The fort was built by the British to defend their trading interests in Calcutta. During hostilities in 1756, the fort was captured by the army of the Nawab of Bengal on 20 June. John Zephaniah Holwell, a British eyewitness, reported that those taken in the capture of the fort, numbering 146, were confined to the dungeon, and that only 23 survived. The story was told by John Zephaniah Holwell, a survivor. However, 146 people could not have fit in a room of 24 x 18 feet. Today most concede that Holwell greatly exaggerated the number of captives. The British captured and killed the Nawab. An obelisk was later raised in memory of those who died in the Black Hole. Holwell's account of the incident has been challenged by modern historians and scholars. Vellum Vellum is a high-quality form of parchment. Originally, it meant calf skin, but in English the term is used more widely. Like parchment, the skin is prepared to take writing in ink. It was one of the standard writing surfaces used in Europe before paper became available. It continued to be used for high-status documents. The vellum was used for single pages, scrolls, codices or books. To manufacture vellum, the skin is cleaned, then bleached, stretched on a frame called a "herse", and scraped with a knife. When vellum is scraped, it is by turns wet and dry to create tension. A final finish is got by rubbing the surface with pumice, and treating it with lime or chalk. Then it is ready to accept ink. Modern "paper vellum" (sometimes called vegetable vellum) is made out of synthetic material instead of mammal skin, but is used for the same purpose as normal vellum. Use in the past. In ancient Europe, vellum meant good quality prepared animal skin. Calves, sheep, goat and even camel are known to have been used to make vellum. The very best vellum was made from unborn animals. It can be hard to identify the animal used to make old vellum without using a science lab. French sources defined velum (or velin in French) as made from calves only. This has remained true in modern times. Usage. Most of the best sort of medieval manuscripts were written on vellum. Some Buddhist texts were written on vellum, and all Sifrei Torah texts are written on vellum or something similar. A quarter of the 180 copy edition of Johannes Gutenberg's first Bible printed in 1455 was also printed on vellum, presumably because his costumers expected this for a high-quality book. Paper was used for most book-printing at the time. In art, vellum was used for paintings, especially if they needed to be sent long distances, before canvas became widely used in about 1500, and continued to be used for drawings, and watercolours. Old master prints were sometimes printed on vellum, especially for presentation copies, until at least the seventeenth century. Limp vellum or limp-parchment bindings was used frequently in the 16th and 17th centuries, and were sometimes gilt. In later centuries vellum has been more commonly used like leather. Vellum can be stained virtually any color but mainly it is not, as many people like its faint grain and hair markings. Many documents that needed to last long were written in vellum as it was able to last longer than paper. Some vellum-written documents are more than a thousand years old. Modern usage. British Acts of Parliament are still printed on vellum for archival purposes, as are those of the Republic of Ireland. It is still used for Jewish scrolls, for luxury book covers, memorial books, and for various documents in calligraphy. Today, because of low demand and complicated manufacturing process, animal vellum is expensive and hard to find. Only one UK company still supplies them. A modern vellum-like alternative is made out of cotton. Known as paper vellum, this material is cheaper than animal vellum and can be found in most art and crafting supply stores. Some brands of writing paper and other sorts of paper use the term "vellum" to suggest quality. In the artistic crafts of writing, illuminating, lettering, and bookbinding, "vellum" is normally reserved for calfskin, while any other skin is called "parchment". Paper vellum. Paper vellum is made from cotton. Usually translucent, paper vellum in various sizes is often used in applications where tracing is required, such as architectural plans. Like natural vellum, the paper vellum is more stable than paper, which is frequently critical in the development of large drawings and plans such as blueprints. Storage. Vellum is typically stored in a stable environment with a stable temperature. If vellum is stored in an environment with less than 11% relative humidity, it becomes fragile, brittle, and susceptible to mechanical stresses; if it is stored in an environment with greater than 40% relative humidity, it becomes vulnerable to mold or fungus growth. The best temperature for the preservation of vellum is 20 ± 1.5 °C (68 ± 3 °F) Mitchell, South Dakota Mitchell is a city in and the county seat of Davison County, South Dakota. It is in the eastern part of the state, and 15,254 people lived there at the 2010 census. It became a city in 1883. Porter Airlines Porter Airlines is a Canadian regional airline. It was founded in 2006. It flies between cities in the United States and Canada. Paul Villard Paul Villard (1860–1934) was a French scientist. He discovered gamma rays while studying radium. Canton, South Dakota Canton is a city in the eastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Lincoln County, and 3,057 people lived there at the 2010 census. Canton became a city in 1881. Affliction (movie) Affliction is an American drama movie produced in 1997. It was written and directed by Paul Schrader. It is based on the novel by Russell Banks. It stars Nick Nolte, Sissy Spacek, James Coburn, and Willem Dafoe. Plot. "Affliction" tells the story of Wade Whitehouse, a small-town policeman in New Hampshire. Disconnected from the people around him, including his father and his divorced wife, he becomes obsessed with the solving of a fatal hunting accident. This leads to a series of tragic events. The Great Escape (movie) The Great Escape is a 1963 American movie. It is about an escape by Allied prisoners of war from a German POW camp during World War II. The movie stars Steve McQueen, James Garner, Donald Pleasence, Charles Bronson, James Coburn, and Richard Attenborough. It got positive reviews. SpongeBob SquarePants (season 8) The eighth season of "SpongeBob SquarePants" began on March 26, 2011 with the episodes "A Friendly Game" and "Oral Report." It ran through December 6, 2012, ending with "It's a SpongeBob Christmas!" Tartar sauce Tartar sauce (tartare in the United Kingdom and Australia) is a mayonnaise-based sauce. It is often served as a condiment with seafood dishes. It is like mayonnaise, but with a few more ingredients such as pickles, onions, and parsley. The word Tartar is a Turkic word. It is believed to be named after the Tatar people. Mary in Islam Mary (; ), the mother of Isa (;) is venerated in Islam. Her parents are mentioned as Imran (عمران) and Hannah (حنا) and her sibling is Harun (هارون). She is one of the most important and righteous women in Islam. She is mentioned in the Quran more than in the New Testament (Bible). She is the only woman mentioned by name in the Quran. Many Muslim women look up to her as an example. According to the Quran, Allah (God) chose Mary above all women of all nations. The Quran states: Behold! the angels said: "O Mary! Allah hath chosen thee and purified thee- chosen thee above the women of all nations. Mary in the Quran. Mary is mentioned in the Quran frequently. Her life narrative occurs in the earliest chapters. The nineteenth chapter is named after her. The chapter is called "Maryam". Family. In the Quran, Mary is believed to be a daughter of (Imran) Amram and (Hanna) Anne. While some confuse the parents of Moses. Aaron and their Sister Miriam to be the same of the Virgin Mary, this is not correct. While Moses and Harun did have a sister named Miriam (Mary,) and while their father was also named Amram (Imran), this does not mean that the parents of both Prophet Moses and The Virgin Mary were the same. However, the outcome of this result is still unknown for certain. Maryam sister of Aaron and daughter of Imran. the Hebrew name "Merriam" The original name for Mary. In the Qur’an, Mary is called the daughter of Imran, and sister of Aaron. This made some Jews and Christians claim that the Qur’an didn't make a difference between the time of Moses and Jesus but there is a hadith. To clarify this issue Al-Mughira reported: "When I came to Najran, they (the Christians of Najran) asked me: You read " O sister of Aaron " in the Qur'an, whereas Moses was born much before Jesus. When I came back to the prophet I asked him about that, he said: The (people of the old age) used to give names (to their children) after the names of Apostles and pious persons who had gone before them" Meaning that Aaron here was not Moses' brother but another one. Al-Baghawi also cites a narration from Al-Kalbi that Aaron referred to here was a brother of Maryam through her father, and he was the most righteous man amongst children of Israel in that time. The Quran states Jesus came after the Jewish prophets of Israel. So, according to the Quran, there is a long distance between Moses and Jesus. "Then in the footsteps of the prophets, We sent Jesus, son of Mary, confirming the Torah revealed before him." Surah Al-Ma'idah. Birth. The birth of Mary is mentioned in the Quran in various chapters. Her father Imran () is also mentioned in the Quran. The Quran says that Hannah and Imran were old and had no children for years. One day Anne saw a bird feeding her young. Seeing this made Anne want a child for herself. She prayed to Allah for a child. She promised that if her prayers were answered, her child's life would be dedicated to the service of Allah. Anne also prayed for her child to be protected from the "touch" of Satan (; ). Early years. The Quran says that Mary grew up in the temple of prayer and had a special place of her own in the temple. The Quran states that there was a cast of the dice to decide who would become the guardian of Mary. The person chosen through this process was the Prophet Zechariah. Often, when Zechariah would visit the chamber of Mary, he would find her with quantities of food. He always asked her where she had obtained the food, and Mary would always answer: "Allah provides to whom he will." As a prophet, Zechariah would not have questioned this response because he would have known that Allah is the provider of all things in life and, indeed, of life itself. Annunciation. The birth of Isa and the Annunciation of Mary are very important to Islam. They are considered to be some of the most important miracles of Allah. The first mention of the Annunciation following the Birth of Isa is in sura 19 (Maryam) ayah 20. The Quran tells us that the Angel Gabriel (, al-Ruḥ al-Quds, Jibra'il) came to the Virgin Mary and told her that she would soon be pregnant with a holy child. The Virgin Mary asked how it would be possible for her to become pregnant when no man had touched her. The Angel Gabriel replied that nothing is impossible for Allah, and that the Birth of Jesus would be a sign for all mankind. The birth is mentioned later at sura 66 (At-Tahrim) ayah 12, where the Quran says that the Virgin Mary remained pure while Allah created Isa inside her womb. Virgin Birth of Jesus. The Quran speaks of the virgin birth of Isa many times. The Quran also states that Jesus was created when Allah breathed on Mary while her body was chaste. The Quran's narrative of the birth of Isa is different from that of Jesus as found in the New Testament. The Quran says that Mary was suffering childbirth pains, when she saw a nearby palm tree and held on to it. While she was holding on to the tree, she heard a voice that seemed to come from the earth beneath the tree. The voice said, "Grieve not! Thy Lord hath provided a rivulet beneath thy feet. Shake the trunk of the palm-tree towards thyself and It will drop its fresh ripe dates upon thee." Mary then promised not to speak with any man that day. Later, after Isa's birth, Mary brought him to the temple. All of the men in the temple mocked her, except Zechariah, who believed in the virgin birth. The Israelites demanded to know how she could possibly have had a baby without a man, whereupon the Virgin Mary responded by pointing to Jesus who then spoke his first prophecy. Arabic titles. "O Mary! Worship your Lord devoutly: prostrate yourself". "O Mary! Bow down in prayer with those men, who bow down." This is believed to be the command to Mary by the Angels. "O Mary! God has chosen you and purified you and again he has chosen you above all women of all nations of the worlds" Burial place. Mary is believed to have been buried in a tomb at the foot of the Mount of Olives in the Kidron Valley. This tomb is known today as the Tomb of the Virgin Mary. Knockout Knockout, also known as the knockout game and knockout king, is a violent activity played by teenagers. The object of the game is to render unconscious (knockout) an innocent pedestrian with one punch. The game can result in serious injuries or death for its victims. Players face criminal charges. In 1992, a teen stabbed an MIT student through the heart, killing him. In another case, a St. Louis, Missouri teenager allegedly attacked a pedestrian who hit his head on the ground and died in hospital. In May 2013, a 51 year-old man died from his injuries after he was attacked in Syracuse, New York, by two teenagers. Carmine Crocco Carmine Crocco (June 5, 1830 – June 18, 1905) was an Italian outlaw. He is also known as Donatello and for his brilliant battle skills was nicknamed “Napoleon of the brigands”. Born in Rionero in Vulture, a town in the Basilicata region, He began the criminal activity after killing a comrade in a brawl during the military service and joined the Garibaldi's expedition of the thousand in 1860 hoping for a pardon. However, his offence wasn't cleared and Crocco was arrested. He escaped from prison with the help of the Fortunato, a bourgeois family linked to the Bourbon dynasty and became the leader of the peasants rebellion in Basilicata, who didn't get any benefit with the political change. He fought in the service of king Francis II, heading an army of almost 2.000 men and conquering various centers of Basilicata and Campania. In every conquered territory he overthrew the Savoy government and appointed a representative of the Bourbon crown, ordering the badges and ornaments of the fallen king to be once again displayed. A skillful guerrilla man, was able to harass the national guards and the Piedmontese soldiers for almost four years but he lose the conflict after being betrayed by his lieutenant Giuseppe Caruso, who revealed his plans and hideouts to the Italian authorities. Thus he fled to the Papal States hoping for help from Pius IX but was arrested by his soldiers. Later was handed over to the Italian government and condemned to death but his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. Crocco died in prison at Portoferraio, Tuscany. A disputable personality, he is considered by some authors a fierce thief and murderer but many people of southern Italy regard him as a folk hero who represented the suffering of the lower class before and soon after the Italian unification. Nightstand A nightstand, (could also be called a night table or bedside table) is a small type of table. It is usually placed next to a bed or somewhere else in a bedroom. It is a coffee table which is used next to a person's bed at night time. Before flushing toilets became common, nightstands usually had a chamber pot in them. Nightstands which were made a long time ago sometimes had a drawer, and they usually had a small cupboard at the bottom. Nightstands used today usually also have a drawer. Things like lamps, alarm clocks, mobile phones, water or medication, which could be useful during the night, are often put either on top of or inside nightstands. French, Italian and Spanish antique nightstands usually have a drawer and a small cupboard with only one door. They can also have special finishes, like bronze. History. It is thought that the word "nightstand" was first used in 1892. Rob Bourdon Robert Gregory Bourdon (born January 20, 1979) is the drummer and youngest member of the rock band Linkin Park. Bourdon was born in Calabasas, California and now lives in Los Angeles. He grew up in the same town as the members of Incubus and Hoobastank. Bourdon started to play drums after watching an Aerosmith concert. His mother, Patty, is friends with Joey Kramer, Aerosmith's drummer. They also dated when the were much younger. This friendship meant they were able to go backstage and see the entire production. Kramer also gave Bourdon a kick pedal. In his early teen years, Bourdon played in a few bands with his friends. It was around that time that he met his current Linkin Park bandmate, Brad Delson. They played together for about a year in a band called Relative Degree. Their goal was to play at the Roxy Theatre. After achieving their goal with a sell-out show, Relative Degree eventually broke up. Personal life. Bourdon once dated actress Shiri Appleby. He dated actress Vanessa Lee Evigan, starting in 2001 but has been single since at least early 2008. His birthday was featured on an episode of iTunes' LPTV. On January 20, 2004, Linkin Park played a show in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the band can be seen joking around backstage and saying that it is Bourdon's twentieth. Bourdon's favorite songs to play are "In the End", "Tinfoil" and "The Little Things Give You Away". His hobbies include playing the piano (although he has never done so for a Linkin Park recording) and surfing. Bourdon wears racing shoes to get a better feel for the drum pedals; he says it gives him better control of the pedals. He also said that the song "Easier to Run" was the most difficult to play because he had to approach the drums very differently in which he was able to record the song in a few takes. Jayne Mansfield Jayne Mansfield (born Vera Jayne Palmer; April 19, 1933 – June 29, 1967) was an American movie, stage, and television actress. She was also a nightclub entertainer, a singer, and one of the early "Playboy" Playmates. Mansfield became a major Broadway star in 1955, a major movie star in 1956, and a major celebrity in 1957. Early years. Mansfield was the only child of Herbert William Palmer (1904–1936) and Vera Jeffrey Palmer (1903–2000). She was born in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. Her father was of German descent and her mother was of English descent. After her father's death in 1936, Jayne, her mother, and stepfather Harry Lawrence Peers moved to Dallas, Texas. After high school graduation, she studied acting at Southern Methodist University and the University of Texas at Austin. While in college, she had a number of small jobs such as hat check girl and nightclub photographer. She won many beauty pageants. She performed in local theater productions around Austin. Career. In 1955, Mansfield went to New York City. She appeared in the Broadway production of "Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?" The critics praised her performance. She appeared in 400 plus shows of the play between 1955 and 1956. She went to Hollywood in 1956. 20th Century Fox signed her to a six-year contract in an effort to replace the troubled Marilyn Monroe. Her first starring movie role was Jerri Jordan in "The Girl Can't Help It" (1956). During production, she still appeared on Broadway in "Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?" The movie studio finally bought out her contract, and shut the show down. In 1957, she appeared in a movie version of the play. Mansfield's movies include "The Wayward Bus" (1957), "Too Hot to Handle" (1960), and "Promises! Promises!" (1963). She won the Golden Globe for Most Promising Newcomer - Female for "The Wayward Bus". On television, she made guest appearances on drama series, game shows, variety shows, and many talk shows. Mansfield was one of Hollywood's original blonde bombshells. When the demand for big-breasted blonde bombshells decreased in the early 1960s, she became a box-office has-been. She remained a popular celebrity however. Her nightclub acts and summer theater appearances attracted crowds. She made cheap "indies" and European melodramas and comedies. Mansfield became the first major American actress to have a nude starring role in a Hollywood movie. The movie was "Promises! Promises!". Hugh Hefner published nude photographs of Mansfield on the movie set in the June 1963 issue of "Playboy". He was hauled into Chicago city court on obscenity charges. Personal. Mansfield married public relations professional Paul Mansfield in 1950. They had one daughter, Jayne Marie Mansfield. The couple divorced in 1956. Jayne kept "Mansfield" as her professional name. She married actor-bodybuilder Mickey Hargitay in 1958. They had three children, Miklós Jeffrey Palmer Hargitay, Zoltán Anthony Hargitay, and Mariska Magdolna Hargitay. They divorced in 1963. She married Italian-born movie director Matt Cimber (a.k.a. Matteo Ottaviano, né Thomas Vitale Ottaviano) in 1964. They had one son, Antonio Raphael Ottaviano (Tony Cimber). The couple separated in 1966. Their divorce was pending when Mansfield was killed in 1967. Death. Mansfield was killed in a car crash in June 1967. She was going to New Orleans for a television interview when her car crashed into the back of a truck. Her lover Sam Brody and her driver Ronnie Harrison were also killed. Three of her children - Miklós, Zoltán and Mariska - escaped death with minor injuries. An urban legend about Mansfield being decapitated in the crash is untrue. She was buried on July 3 in Pennsylvania. Her gravestone is heart-shaped. Edward Doty Edward Doty (c. 1599 – August 23, 1655 in Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay Colony). Edward Doty was a passenger on the historic 1620 voyage of the "Mayflower". He was a servant to Stephen Hopkins. Hopkins was making his second journey to the New World having travelled for ten years under Capt. John Smith at Jamestown in Virginia Colony. Early life. Doty was born in England. It is thought he was from East Halton in Lincolnshire. According to author Charles Banks, Doty lived in London at some point and traveled with another Londoner, Stephen Hopkins, as his servant. "Mayflower" Voyage. Edward Doty left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the "Mayflower" spotted land. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other. The "Mayflower" was supposed to land in Virginia Colony, but the ship was too damaged and they were forced to land 21 November at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor. Doty was one of two indentured servants of Stephen Hopkins. The other servant was Edward Leister. They travelled with Hopkins and his family. When they landed the men went to find a place where they could live and grow crops. One of the first exploration missions included William Bradford, John Carver, Myles Standish , Edward Winslow, John Howland, Richard Warren, Stephen Hopkins and Edward Doty. According to William Bradford, they left in a small board in below freezing weather. Many of the men were already ill. Bradford wrote that when they set sail the salt spray froze on their coats, as if they had been glazed. Of this group Hopkins was the most experienced, having seen Native Americans during his time at Jamestown. During this trip the "Mayflower" men came upon some Native Americans who appeared to be cutting up a large whale. The Natives ran when they saw the men. The men camped while trying to protect themselves and stay warm. In late 1620, Doty went with Stephen Hopkins and others on other explorations of the Cape Cod area. In Plymouth Colony. Doty was one of the "Mayflower" passengers that has left a record of his personality. He had a quick temper that sometimes caused him trouble. Some said he was an unfair businessman. People who made trouble were often banished from Plymouth. Isaac Allerton was forced out. Doty must have changed for the better because he lived in Plymouth his whole life. Edward Doty became a rich land owner with servants himself. At times, he could be disagreeable with others. This caused him to be in the Plymouth court many times. Doty’s first problem with the law came after the Pilgrims had begun building their settlement. In June of 1621 Doty fought a duel (with a sword and dagger) with Edward Leister. Edward Leister was the other servant of Stephen Hopkins. The result was that one man was wounded in the hand and one in the thigh. Their punishment was to be tied head and feet together for one day without food or drink. But soon their master Stephen Hopkins felt sorry for them and asked to end their punishment. He promised they would change their behavior. The Governor let them free. In the 1623 Division of Land, Doty received 1 acre of land. After that he received 20 acres more. He also purchased much land and became quite wealthy. Some of his land in Plymouth is where the Mayflower Society House now stands. Doty received some cattle in the 1627 Division of the Cattle. At that time he had finished his term of service to Stephen Hopkins. His name as “Edward Dolton”, is listed with the family of John Howland and wife Elizabeth. In Plymouth Colony records, Doty’s name was also spelled variously as Doten (Mayflower Compact), Dotey (1626 Purchasers and 1643 bear arms lists), Dolton (1627 Division of the Cattle), and Dowty (1633/34 tax lists). The 1632 records of the Plymouth Court has twenty-three cases that mentions Edward Doty. There were complaints that he cheated people, said bad things about people which were not true, fought with people, and stole. Doty was never punished except for paying small fines. This means that most of the cases were found to be untrue or very minor cases. Except for the duel in 1621, he never had any physical punishment. Physical punishment could have been whipping, branding, banishment, prison and public punishment. Except for his occasional court cases, Doty lived a normal life as a freeman, paying his taxes and all his debts. He received some special property rights and benefits from being classed as a “first comer” or "Mayflower" passenger. The joined with other members of the community in a town meeting of February 10, 1643. He was assigned with George Clark, John Shaw, Francis Billington and others to build a wolf trap in the town of Plain Dealing.” Doty's name appears on the August 1643 Able to Bear Arms (ATBA) List. It is spelled “Edward Dotey”. This was for the protection of the colony against unfriendly Indians or other enemies. Edward Doty married Faith Clarke. They had nine children. The parents of Faith Clarke on January 9, 1635 were Thurston (Tristram) and Faith Clarke. They arrived in Plymouth Colony on the ship “Francis” in 1634. Many of Doty’s court cases involved Thurston and George Clarke. He had many disagreements, including fights with the family of his wife. Bradford wrote that Doty by a second wife has seven children, and all are living. They had two more children after he wrote that. The children were named Edward, Thomas, John, Samuel, Desire, Isaac, Elizabeth, Joseph, Mary. Edward Doty made out his will on May 20, 1655. Doty said that he was sick but still had a good memory. His will was witnessed by John Howland, John Cooke, James Hurst, and William Hoskins. Doty signed his will with a mark because he never learned to write. Edward Doty died on August 23, 1655 in Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay Colony and was buried at Burial Hill Cemetery where there is a memorial stone for him. Chum Bucket The Chum Bucket a fictional porridge restaurant in the television series "SpongeBob SquarePants". It is in the city of Bikini Bottom. The restaurant is run by a plankton named Sheldon J. Plankton. It does not get a lot of customers. This is because of it sells a food called chum, which cannot be eaten. Plankton's wife, Karen, is a computer. She often appears on the wall of the back room of the Chum Bucket. The Krusty Krab is the Chum Bucket's rival across the street. The Krusty Krab sells delicious food, hamburgers called Krabby Patties.. Mahinda Rajapaksa Mahinda Rajapaksa (born 18 November 1945) is a Sri Lankan politician. He was the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from 21 November 2019 until 9 May 2022. Before, he was the disputed Prime Minister from 26 October to 15 December 2018. He was also the 6th President of Sri Lanka. He was president from 19 November 2005 to 9 January 2015. On 3 May 2022, opposition leaders declared a motion of no confidence aimed at Rajapaksa and his cabinet. He resigned six days later on 9 May 2022 following massive protests against his government. Race movie Race movie is an American movie genre. Such movies were made by African Americans for African Americans. Casts were all-African Americans. These movies ran in African American theaters. Oscar Micheaux is the most famous producer, writer, and director of race movies. Ted Manson Theodore "Ted" Manson (October 23, 1926 – June 1, 2008) was an American actor. His career lasted over 30 years. Manson was born in Columbus, Ohio on October 23, 1926. He graduated from West High School. He attended both Ohio State University and John Carroll University. In the 1950s he started acting with the Players Club and the Ohio State University Players. After working in a real estate, he returned to acting in 1979. He appeared on the television shows "In the Heat of the Night" and "Matlock". He appeared in Hollywood movies, including "Elizabethtown", "" and "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button". Manson died from complications of lung cancer on June 1, 2008 in Atlanta, Georgia, aged 81. The Betrayal The Betrayal (1948) is a race movie written, produced, and directed by Oscar Micheaux. It is based on his book "The Wind From Nowhere" (1943) and his movie "The Homesteader" (1919). The movie tells of the tangled relationships among African American farm people in South Dakota. It stars Leroy Collins in his one and only movie role. The movie was poorly received among both white and black critics. No print is known to exist. It is considered a "lost" movie. It was the first race movie to open in a white theater. Story. Martin Eden is a successful African American farmer in South Dakota. He is in love with Deborah Stewart. He believes that she is white and that she is not interested in him. He is unaware that Deborah loves him. Martin goes to Chicago to look for a wife. He meets Linda. They fall in love and marry, and then return to Martin’s farm. They have a baby. Their happiness ends when Linda’s jealous father tells her that Martin is homicidal. She runs away from the farm with the baby and returns to Chicago. Martin finds her in the city. Linda shoots him during a fight. In South Dakota, Deborah learns she is African American. She goes to Chicago and meets Linda. Linda agrees to divorce Martin so he can marry Deborah. Linda gives her baby to Deborah to raise. Martin and Deborah return to South Dakota. Linda kills her father for his role in ruining her marriage. Computer animation Computer animation (or CGI animation) is the art of using computer graphics for animation, creating moving images in either 2D or 3D. Jean Stapleton Jean Stapleton (born Jeanne Murray; January 19, 1923 – May 31, 2013) was an American actress. She was known for her role as Edith Bunker in the 1970 comedy show "All in the Family". Early life. Stapleton was born on January 19, 1923 in New York City, New York. She studied at Hunter College. Marriage. Stapleton was married to William H. Putch from 1956 until his death in 1983. They had two children. Personal life. Stapleton's brother, Jack Stapleton, was a stage actor. Her cousin is actress Betty Jane Watson. Stapleton was active in the Christian Science church. Jean was not, as commonly believed, related to actress Maureen Stapleton. Death and reaction. Stapleton died on May 31, 2013 in her home in New York City, New York of natural causes, aged 90. She was survived by her two children, John, a TV director, and Pamela, a TV producer. Norman Lear said, "No one gave more profound 'how to be a human being' lessons than Jean Stapleton." Actress Roseanne Barr said that Stapleton's range was "unbelievable, deep and majestic." Co-star and BAFTA- and Oscar-nominated director and producer Rob Reiner said, "Working with her was one of the greatest experiences of my life." Sally Struthers said, "Jean lived so in the present. She was a Christian Scientist who didn't say or think a negative thing ... She was just a walking, living angel." Her interment was at Lincoln Cemetery in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. The marquee lights on Broadway were dimmed for one minute on June 5, 2013 at 8 p.m. EDT to honor the memory of Stapleton. At the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards, Rob Reiner honored the career and life of Stapleton. Hal Fishman Harold "Hal" Fishman (August 25, 1931 – August 7, 2007) or also known as The Flying Anchorman; was a local news anchor in the Los Angeles area. He served on-air with Los Angeles-area television stations continuously from 1960 until his death in 2007. He also acted in movies as a news reporter such as in "Spider-Man 3". Fishman was born on August 25, 1931 in Brooklyn, New York. He studied at Cornell University and at the University of California, Los Angeles. Fishman was married to Nolie Fishman until his death in 2007. They had one son, David. Fishman died on August 7, 2007 in Los Angeles, California from liver and colon cancer, aged 75. Norman Lear Norman Milton Lear (born July 27, 1922) is an American television writer and producer. He produced 1970s sitcoms including "All in the Family", "Sanford and Son", "One Day at a Time", "The Jeffersons", "Good Times", and "Maude". Lear was born on July 27, 1922 in New Haven, Connecticut to a Jewish family. He studied at Emerson College. Lear was married to Charlotte Rosen until they divorced. Then he was married to Frances Loeb from 1956 until they divorced in 1986. He has been married to Lyn Davis since 1987. Stan Freberg Stanley Victor "Stan" Freberg (August 7, 1926 – April 7, 2015) was an American author, comedian, puppeteer, radio personality, voice actor and advertising creative director. His career began in 1944. He was still active in the industry in his mid-80s, nearly 70 years after he started. Freberg was born on August 7, 1926 in Pasadena, California. He studied at Alhambra High School. Freberg was married to Donna Freberg from 1959 until her death in 2000. He had been married to Betty Hunter since 2001. He had two daughters with Donna. In 1985, Paul McCartney said that Freberg was an influence to The Beatles’ "anarchic humor". Freberg died on April 7, 2015, at the age of 88 at a hospital in Santa Monica, California from pneumonia. X (Kylie Minogue album) X is the tenth studio album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue. It is her first album released since the compilation "Ultimate Kylie" (2004), and her first studio album since "Body Language" (2003). The album was released on 21 November 2007 by Parlophone Records. Cinquecento Cinquecento (in English: Five hundred) is an Italian term used to describe the Italian Renaissance of the 16th century, including the related styles of art, music, literature, and architecture. It is considered the century when Italy was the leader in the European civilization Characteristics. In the Cinquecento the most important center of culture in Italy was Rome, while Florence suffered from the Girolamo Savonarola rebellion and the end of the Medici power in the city. Indeed, in Rome the Pope promoted a huge art program (like the construction of St. Peter Cathedral and the Sistine Chapel) that brought to the eternal city artists of the level of Michelangelo, Raphael, Cellini, and Bramante. Michelangelo Buonarroti was one the most famous artists in the Cinquecento Italy: he was a painter, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer. Along with Leonardo da Vinci, he was often called a "Renaissance man" which means that he had great talent in many areas. Michelangelo lived an extremely busy life, creating a great number of artworks. Some of Michelangelo's works are among the most famous that have ever been made. They include two very famous marble statues, "the Pieta" in Saint Peter's Basilica and "David" which once stood in a piazza in Florence but is now in the Accademia Gallery. His most famous paintings were huge frescos, the Sistine Chapel Ceiling and the "Last Judgement". His most famous work of architecture was the east end and dome of Saint Peter's Basilica. Only Venice in Italy was able to reach a similar level to the one of Rome, mainly in paintings: Bellini, Giorgione and Tiziano created their masterpieces in this century. The tuscan Leonardo da Vinci lived the last years of his life in the Cinquecento. He created in this century two of his pictures that are among the best-known paintings in the world: the "Mona Lisa" and the "Last Supper". In 1532 The Prince -a masterpiece of Italian literature- was published: it was a political treatise by the Italian diplomat, historian and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli. In architecture the Cinquecento is famous because of Andrea Palladio (1508–80), "the most influential architect of the whole Renaissance". Palladio was to transform the architectural style of both palaces and churches by taking a different perspective on the notion of Classicism. While the architects of Florence and Rome looked to structures like the Colosseum and the Arch of Constantine to provide formulae, Palladio looked to classical temples with their simple peristyle form. When he used the “triumphal arch” motif of a large arched opening with lower square-topped opening on either side, he invariably applied it on a small scale, such as windows, rather than on a large scale as Alberti used it at Sant’Andrea’s. This Ancient Roman motif is often referred to as the "Palladian Arch". The second half of the Cinquecento was characterized by the development of the "Umanesimo", related even to science discoveries like the one done by Galileo Galilei in astronomy and critical thoughts like those of Giordano Bruno. Historically the Cinquecento is characterized by the end of the process of unification of Italy, because of the French invasions and the "Sack of Rome" in 1527. Later in the century Italy was devastated by the "Italian wars" done mainly between France and the emerging Spain (a new country that enjoyed the richness and power from the discovery of America done by Cristoforo Colombo), that divided between themselves the Italian peninsula and its "Rinascimento richness". Mickey Hargitay Miklós "Mickey" Hargitay (January 6, 1926 – September 14, 2006) was an actor and Mr. Universe 1955. He was born in Budapest, Hungary. He was married to Jayne Mansfield. He is the father of actress Mariska Hargitay. During their marriage, Hargitay and Mansfield made four movies together. These were "Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?" (1957), "The Loves of Hercules" (1960), "Promises! Promises!" (1963), and "L'Amore Primitivo" (1964). Early life and sports career. Hargitay was born and raised in Hungary. He was an acrobat in an act with his brothers. He was soccer player and a speed skater. He was an underground fighter during World War II. Hargitay left Hungary after the war. He moved to the United States where he settled in Cleveland. He married Mary Birge. He had an acrobatic act with her. They had one child, Tina, born in 1949. Hargitay worked as a plumber and carpenter. He begin bodybuilding after seeing a magazine cover of Steve Reeves. Hargitay became NABBA Mr. Universe in 1955. He joined Mae West's muscleman show at the Latin Quarter nightclub in New York City. He married Jayne Mansfield in 1958. They divorced in 1964. He is the first to receive the Joe Weider Lifetime Achievement Award. In May 2006, he received the Muscle Beach Hall of Fame Award. Acting career. Hargitay's first movie role came when Jayne Mansfield demanded he have a part in her newest movie, "Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?" (1957). The two had met the year before at "The Mae West Show" at the Latin Quarter nightclub. When Jayne saw Mickey on the stage, she told the waiter, "I’ll have a steak and that tall man on the left." The two fell head over heels in love. They were never seen apart. 20th Century Fox didn't want Hargitay in "Rock Hunter", because they hated Mansfield's idea of Hargitay as her "only" lover. Fox liked their sex symbols to be single. But when Jayne told the studio that she would turn the movie down, they gave in and let Hargitay appear in a bit part. In 1960, Jayne and Mickey would play the lead roles in "The Loves of Hercules". The movie was shot in Italy. It was never released in the United States. Over the next few years Mickey and Jayne, together, would appear in, "Promises! Promises!" (1963) and "L'Amore Primitivo" (1964). In 1965, Mickey, only, would have the lead role in "Bloody Pit of Horror". There was a part in the movie written for Mansfield, but the two divorced before shooting began. Hargitay also acted in the 1988 movie, "Mr. Universe". Hargitay's last acting appearance was in an episode of his daughter Mariska's series, "". In the episode "Control" (2003), Hargitay played a man on a subway station escalator who witnesses the aftermath of a brutal assault. Mariska's character, Olivia Benson, is later seen interviewing him. Personal life. His first marriage was to Mary Birge. Together they had a daughter Tina Hargitay (b. 1949). They divorced on September 6, 1956. Hargitay and Mansfield married on January 13, 1958. They had three children: Miklós Jeffrey Palmer Hargitay (b. December, 21 1958), Zoltán Anthony Hargitay (b. August 1, 1960), and Mariska Magdolna Hargitay (called Maria, b. January 23, 1964). Hargitay remodeled much of his and Mansfield's Beverly Hills mansion, "The Pink Palace". He built its famous heart-shaped swimming pool. In November 2002, the house was razed by developers. In May 1963, Mickey and Jayne divorced in Mexico. The divorce was ruled invalid. The two reconciled in October 1963. After Mariska's birth, Mansfield sued for the Mexican divorce to be declared legal. She won. The divorce was recognized in the United States on August 26, 1964. After Mansfield's death in a car crash on June 29, 1967, Hargitay sued Jayne's estate for over $5,000 to support the children. In their divorce decree, she had agreed to pay child support and to give him approximately $70,000 in cash and property. Hargitay married Ellen Siano in September 1967. They were married until his death. Death. He died in Los Angeles on September 14, 2006, aged 80, from multiple myeloma. The "Los Angeles Times" noted in Hargitay's obituary: Goliath and the Barbarians Il terrore dei barbari (English: Goliath and the Barbarians) is a 1959 peplum movie. It was directed by Carlo Campogalliani. The movie stars Steve Reeves as "Goliath". It is about the Barbarian invasions of Italy in AD 568. American International Pictures released the movie in the US with new music by Les Baxter. AIP invested $20,000 in the movie to help the producers complete it, and were rewarded when it became a big hit. The movie earned $1.6 million in North America during its initial release. Story. Barbarians attack and destroy an Italian village. One man, Emiliano (Reeves) survives. He swears revenge and wages a one man war against the tribes. He is helped by Landa (Chelo Alonso), the daughter of the Barbarian leader. Alboino is played by Bruce Cabot. Hercules Unchained Hercules Unchained is a 1959 peplum movie starring Steve Reeves. It is a sequel to "Hercules", also starring Reeves. 380 380 was a leap year. 381 381 was a common year. 382 382 was a common year starting on Saturday. 383 383 was a common year that started on a Sunday. 386 386 was a common year staring on Thursday. 387 387 was a common year starting on Friday. 388 388 was a leap year. 389 389 was a common year starting on Monday. G0 phase The G0 phase (called the G zero phase) or resting phase is a period in the cell cycle in which cells are inactive. Cells enter G0 phase from G1 and stop dividing. Some cells, such as neurons, remain in G0 for indefinite period. Some cells enter G0 phase semi-permanently, such as some cells of the liver and kidney. Many cells do not enter G0 and continue to divide throughout an organism's life, e.g. epithelial cells. Conductor Conductor might mean: Nanette Fabray Nanette Fabray (October 27, 1920 – February 22, 2018) was an American actress and comedian. She began acting around age 3. Fabray starred in many movies and television programs. She was aunt of actress and singer Shelley Fabares. Nanette Fabray was born in San Diego, California. Fabray died at her home in Palos Verdes, California on February 22, 2018 of natural causes at the age of 97. Eve Arden Eve Arden (born Eunice Mary Quidens; April 30, 1908 – November 12, 1990) was an American actress. Her career lasted almost sixty years. She acted in many movies and television programs. She died from colorectal cancer and heart disease. Arden was born in Mill Valley, California. Imogene Coca Imogene Fernandez de Coca (or Imogene Coca; November 18, 1908 – June 2, 2001) was an American actress and comedian. She was nominated for Emmy Awards five times. Coca was born in Philadelphia. She died in Westport, Connecticut due to Alzheimer's disease at age 92. Ruth Gordon Ruth Gordon Jones (or just simply Ruth Gordon; October 30, 1896 - August 28, 1985) was an American writer and actress who was extremely known by movie roles that she performed past age 70. She played Minnie Castevet in the movie "Rosemary's Baby". She also played Maude in "Harold and Maude". She received an Academy Award, two Golden Globes and an Emmy Award for her acting. Ruth Gordon was born in Quincy, Massachusetts. She died from a stroke in Edgartown. Isabel Sanford Eloise Gwendolyn Sanford (also known as Isabel Sanford; August 29, 1917 - July 9, 2004) was an American movie, television and stage actress. She acted in several notable sitcoms. She played Louise "Weezy" Jefferson in "The Jeffersons" (January 1975 - June 1985). She also had many movie roles. Sanford was born in Harlem, New York. She died in Los Angeles from natural causes at age eighty six. Boston Pops Orchestra The Boston Pops Orchestra are an American orchestra band that represent light classical and popular music and are based from Boston. The orchestra was founded around 1885 and consists of many musical players. The current director is Keith Lockhart. Bottle opener Bottle opener is a tool which is used to open bottles. It is also a second class lever. Juice Newton Judy Kay Newton (known as Juice Newton; February 18, 1952) is an American pop and country singer. She has gotten five Grammy Award nominations. She won a Grammy in 1983. She has several gold or platinum albums in her credit, including the albums "Juice" and "Quiet Lies". Newton was born in New Jersey. SNCAC NC.860 The SNCAC NC.860 is a French twin-engine light aircraft. It was built in 1949 at just one example. It was built by Société Nationale de Construction Aéronautique du Centre also known like SNCAC. Edward Fuller Edward Fuller ( 1575winter of 1620/21) was a passenger on the 1620 voyage of the "Mayflower". He signed the Mayflower Compact. Fuller died with his wife soon after the passengers came ashore to their new settlement at Plymouth but their sons lived. Fuller was baptized in Norfolk, England on September 4, 1575. He was the son of Robert Fuller, a butcher. There is very little known about Edward Fuller's life in England. He had a brother Samuel who also travelled with him on the "Mayflower". He married, but his wife's name is not known. They had two sons, Matthew in 1605 and Samuel in 1608. Fuller and his brother lived in Leiden for some time as did many other English Separatists. Separatist were people who did not believe in the Church of England. The Voyage to the New World. In 1651 William Bradford wrote a list of the "Mayflower" passengers which included “Edward Fuller, and his wife, and Samuell, their son.” The "Mayflower" left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 21 November 1620, the "Mayflower" spotted land. The "Mayflower" was headed for Virginia Colony, but the ship was damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor. The wrote the Mayflower Compact which was a list of rules on how they would live and treat each other. Fuller signed that document. In Plymouth Colony. Bradford kept a written record of the new settlement at Plymouth. He wrote that: “Edward Fuller and his wife died soon after they came ashore. Their son Samuel is living and married, and has four children or more.” After the death of his parents, Samuel, then about age twelve, was taken into the household of his uncle, Samuel Fuller. The date of death for Fuller and his wife are unknown. It was during the winter of 16/20 and 16/21. They were buried in the Coles Hill Burial Ground in Plymouth. They are remembered on the Memorial as “Edward Fuller and his wife.” Fuller's family. Edward had two sons: Matthew and Samuel. Samuel went to live with his uncle and became a doctor. Matthew came over to Plymouth Colony sometime after his parents. William Gopallawa William Gopallawa (17 September 1897 - 31 January 1981) was the first President of Sri Lanka. He was the General of the Ceylon Army during independence from the United Kingdom. Before he was president, he was the general of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) fighting against the British. Gopallawa and his army were successful in the fight and Gopallawa was sworned in as the 1st President of Sri Lanka. After his presidency, the next president was J. R. Jayewardene. Gopallawa was the last General of Ceylon until its Independence in 1948. Before that, Gopallawa was the general of Sri Lanka going against the United Kingdom against Queen Elizabeth II. She was known as the Queen of Ceylon. The British set up roads to improvements but placed harsh laws against Ceylon. Gopallawa went against Queen Elizabeth II and was successful. By there changing their name from "Ceylon" to "Sri Lanka". He represented an era where politics was conducted with a dignified aura and he had a reputation as being a man of integrity and humility. He served as Governor-General during the tenure of different governments headed by the SLFP led regime of Sirimavo Bandaranaike and the UNP led regime of Dudley Senanayake. He upheld the law and the constitution to the letter and won respect and admiration of all political parties. William Gopallawa was born on 17 September 1897 at the Dullewe Maha Walauwa, Dullewe in the Matale District of Ceylon. He is related to Dullewe Dissava, a signatory on behalf of the Sinhalese to the Kandiyan Convention of 1815 75 (number) Seventy-five is a natural number. It comes after seventy-four and before seventy-six. 25 * 3 is 75. J. R. Jayewardene Junius Richard Jayewardene (, ; 17 September 1906 – 1 November 1996), commonly abbreviated in Sri Lanka as J.R., was the second president of Sri Lanka. Jayewardene introduced the Executive Presidency in 1978, and assumed the position of President of Sri Lanka. Reginald Scot Reginald Scot (ca. 1538-1599) was an English writer. He was born in Kent, England. He studied law, and served as a justice of the peace. His first book is "Perfect Platform of a Hop-Garden". This book is about growing hops. His second book is "The Discoverie of Witchcraft" (1584). This book takes a skeptical look at witches and witchcraft. It also exposes the tricks used by charlatans and magicians to fool people. Scot's purpose in writing the book was to prevent old, ill, and simple people from being charged with witchcraft. This book is important because it was one of the first to move away from medieval superstition in the Renaissance. Bob Steele Bob Steele (Robert Adrian Bradbury; January 23, 1907 – December 21, 1988) was an American actor. He was known for his roles in "Carson City Kid", "Island in the Sky", "Rio Bravo", "Hang 'Em High", "Rio Lobo", and in the television sitcom "F Troop". Steele was born on January 23, 1907 in Portland, Oregon. He was raised in Hollywood, California. Steele was married to Louise A. Chessman from 1931 until they divorced in 1933. Then he was married to Alice Petty Hackley from 1935 until they divorced in 1938. Then he was married to Virginia Nash Tatem from 1939 until his death in 1988. He had no children. Steele died on December 21, 1988 in Burbank, California from emphysema, aged 81. Allen Ludden Allen Ludden (Allen Packard Ellsworth; October 5, 1917 – June 9, 1981) was an American television personality and game show host. Ludden was well known for hosting many game shows. He hosted "Password" and "Password Plus" between 1961 and 1980. Ludden was born on October 5, 1917 in Mineral Point, Wisconsin. He was raised in Mineral Point, Wisconsin and in Chicago, Illinois. Ludden studied at the University of Texas. Ludden was married to Margaret McGloin from 1943 until her death in 1961. Then he was married to Betty White from 1963 until his death in 1981. Ludden died on June 9, 1981 in Los Angeles, California from stomach cancer, aged 63. Other websites. Zebibyte A zebibyte (ZiB) is a large unit of measurement for computers of the future. Zebibytes hold 1024 exbibytes (EiB). 1024 zebibytes make 1 yobibyte. Yobibyte A yobibyte (YiB) is a large unit of measurement for computers of the future. Yobibytes hold 1024 zebibytes (ZiB). Conus Conus is a large genus of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs, with the common names of "cone snails", "cone shells" or "cones". Shaped, as the name suggests, like a cone, many species have colorful patterning on the shell surface. "Conus" snails are mostly tropical in distribution. Geologically speaking, the genus is known from the Eocene to the present. All "Conus" snails are venomous. They hunt and eat marine worms or molluscs. The larger ones prey on small bottom-dwelling fish. Cone snails use a hypodermic-like modified radula tooth and a venom gland to attack and paralyze their prey before eating it. The tooth is sometimes likened to a dart or a harpoon. It is barbed and can be extended some distance out from the mouth of the snail, at the end of the proboscis. They can "sting" humans, and should be handled with great care or preferably not at all. Cone snail venoms are mainly peptides. The venoms contain many different toxins that vary in their effects; some are extremely toxic. The sting of small cones is no worse than a bee sting, but the sting of some larger species can be serious, occasionally even fatal to humans. Cone snail venom may be a source of new, medically important substances. Some Cone snails are no longer living, like Conus adversarius. Ben Johnson (actor) Ben Johnson, Jr. (June 13, 1918 – April 8, 1996), or Son Johnson, was an American actor. He was mostly known for being in Western movies such as "Hang 'Em High". He was also a world champion rodeo cowboy, stuntman, and rancher. Johnson won an Academy Award for his role on "The Last Picture Show". Johnson was born on June 13, 1918 in Foraker, Oklahoma. He was of Irish descent. Johnson was married to Carol Elaine Jones from 1941 until her death in 1991. They had no children. Johnson died on April 8, 1996 in Mesa, Arizona from a heart attack, aged 77. Inflation (cosmology) In physical cosmology, the idea of inflation is a proposed theory that would explain many features of the present-day universe, including the existence of large-scale structures such as galaxies. The theory was proposed by Alan Guth in the 1970s. Basic Idea of Inflation. Based on the Standard Model of Cosmology, the universe has been and is expanding. The classical Big Bang theory assumes that the universe expanded at the same rate throughout universal history. Inflation says that the universe "has not" always expanded at the same rate, and that the universe has experienced many periods of brief but immense expansions in which the size of the universe nearly doubled. These periods, as said, were extremely short, lasting less than a second. After a single period, the expansion slowed down until the next rapid inflation came and, again, massively increased the size of the universe. Problems Solved by Inflation Theory. The main problem solved by inflation is the origin of large-scale structures, such as galaxies. Inflation theory says that in a slow expansion of the universe, quantum fluctuations were only on the tiny distance scales; when the universe experienced a brief period of inflation, however, these quantum fluctuations are "stretched" much larger to cause density fluctuations. The places of higher density later caused matter to clump in those locations and form large-scale objects. Another problem is that of temperature uniformity in the universe: why is the temperature so evenly distributed? Inflation says that objects that were previously in close proximity to one another were separated very quickly during a period of inflation, so the temperature balance was still held. In the classical Big Bang theory this was a problem because the uniform expansion would mean that objects would have to travel many times the speed of light to maintain temperature balance. Another problem that inflation possibly solves is the problem of magnetic monopoles. Why do we no longer see magnetic monopoles in our universe? Inflation says that the few existing monopoles were so dispersed during periods of inflation that it is virtually impossible to find them now. Mathematical Formulation. Inflation theory uses General relativity to model the inflation mathematically. The metric of inflation theory is formula_1 Predictions of Inflation Theory. Inflatons. The main prediction of inflation theory is that particles called inflatons are created from a scalar field from Quantum field theory. These inflatons would drive the inflation periods of the universe, but they quickly decay so the inflation periods are not very long at all. It was initially thought that the Higgs boson was an inflaton, but that has recently been discredited. Multiverse. Inflation theory also suggests that there might be other universes. If inflation caused our universe, could it not also cause many other universes as well? This prediction has no empirical basis, but it has been explored in modern physics. Inger Stevens Inger Stevens (born Inger Stensland; October 18, 1934 – April 30, 1970) was a Swedish-American actress who was best known for her role as Katy in the television sitcom "The Farmer's Daughter". Stevens was born on October 18, 1934 in Stockholm, Sweden. She was raised in New York City, New York and in Manhattan, Kansas. Stevens studied at the Manhattan High School and at the Actors Studio. Stevens was married to Anthony Soglio from 1955 until they divorced in 1958. Then she was married to Ike Jones from 1961 until her death in 1970. Stevens committed suicide after drinking barbiturate (poison). She died on her way to the hospital in Hollywood, California on April 30, 1970, aged 35. Conidae Conidae is a family of minute to quite large sea snails. They are marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Conoidea. Their beautiful shells are highly collectible. The snails within this family are sophisticated predatory animals. The snails have eyes, and are active hunters. They immobilize prey with a modified radular tooth. The tooth delivers venom with neurotoxins; it is launched out of the snail's mouth in a harpoon-like action. There have been many suggested changes to the classification of cone shells, and the details are still under investigation. The very large genus "Conus" has 600 species, and there are six other subfamilies. Scansion Scansion is the act of describing the rhythms of poetry by dividing the lines into feet and marking the location of stressed and unstressed syllables. Bellona Bellona was an Ancient Roman goddess of war. She is usually shown wearing a helmet and armed with a spear and a torch. All Roman Senate meetings about foreign war were held in the Templum Bellonae. Bellona's festival was celebrated on June 3. She was married to Mars or the Greek god named Ares Ranasinghe Premadasa Ranasinghe Premadasa (; ; 23 June 1924 – 1 May 1993) was the third President of Sri Lanka. He was president from 2 January 1989 to 1 May 1993. Before that, he served as the Prime Minister in the government headed by J. R. Jayewardene from 6 February 1978 to 1 January 1989. Premadasa was assassinated by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam with a suicide bomb. Dingiri Wijetunga Sri Lankabhimanya Dingiri Banda Wijetunga (,; 15 February 1916 – 21 September 2008) was the fourth President of Sri Lanka from 1 May 1993 to 12 November 1994, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka from 3 March 1989 to 7 May 1993 and the Governor of North Western province, Sri Lanka from 1988 to 1989. He was awarded Sri Lanka's most highest award to a civilian Sri Lankabhimanya in 1993 by President Ranasinghe Premadasa Heptathlon Heptathlon is an athletics event meaning 7 contests. The male and female events are different. It has been an Olympic event for women since 1984. It consists of: As of 2013, Jessica Ennis is the current Olympic Gold medalist in Heptathlon. As of 2018, Swapna Barman is the current Gold medalist in Asian Games. Elkanah Settle Elkanah Settle (1648-1724) was an English poet and playwright. He was born at Dunstable, Bedfordshire, England, the son of Josias Settle. In 1666, he went to Trinity College, Oxford, but did not take a degree. His first tragedy was "Cambyses, King of Persia" (1667). It was the first English play to have its climax reached in a musical scene with an original score. It is believed to be the first play printed in England with illustrations. Settle was briefly involved in politics when the succession of Catholic James II to the throne was being debated. He served briefly in James's army. He then abandoned politics. In 1691, he was named City Poet of London. His last days were spent as a poor brother in the Carthusian Order. He may have performed in street fairs as a dragon in a green leather suit. He died in 1724. Thomas Sackville Thomas Sackville, 1st earl of Dorset, (1535/6-1608) was an English playwright, poet, statesman, and the Chancellor of Oxford University. He was the son of Sir Richard Sackville, a member of the court of King Henry VIII of England. He married Cicely Baker in 1555. Sackville was a London barrister, and entered Parliament in 1558. He was a member of the Privy Council in 1585. In 1586, he delivered the death sentence to Mary, Queen of Scots. He served on diplomatic missions to The Hague. In 1591, Sackville became Chancellor of the University of Oxford. He served as lord high treasurer, a life appointment, from 1599 to 1608. He died of a stroke. Sackville is famous for "Gorboduc" (1563), the first English tragedy written in blank verse. He wrote this play with Thomas Norton. Sackville's two great poems, "Induction" and "Buckingham's Complaint", were published in "The Mirror for Magistrates" (1563). The play and the two poems make Sackville one of the major English poets and playwrights. Kay Francis Kay Francis (January 13, 1905 - August 26, 1968) was an American actress. She first performed on Broadway. She was in many movies. She was the number one movie star at Warner Brothers. Frances was born in Oklahoma City. She died from breast cancer in New York City. Tisha Campbell Tisha Campbell (born October 13, 1968) is an American television actress. She played Gina Waters in the series "Martin" (August 1992 - May 1997). She also played Sydney in the "House Party" movies. Campbell was born in Oklahoma City, though raised in Newark, New Jersey. Phoenician alphabet The Phoenician alphabet was an alphabetic script that was used in the territories of modern-day Lebanon, Syria and Palestine from about the 12th century to the 5th century BC. It was written right to left. Only consonant sounds are written down, some versions have "helpers" for certain vowels. It was used to write languages such as Phoenician and Aramaic. The script was developed from the earlier Proto-Sinaitic script. Later, the script developed into the Ancient Greek script. Most alphabetic scripts in use today are derived from the Phoenician alphabet. Before using the modern Arabic numerals, the Arabic language used a system where each letter also had a numeric value; this system is known as Abjad. Electronic waste Electronic waste or e-waste is electronics that have been discarded. This includes any electronics e.g. computers, power tools and etc. E-waste is a concern for every country in the 21st century. Because of Moore's law, the rule that states transistor numbers double every two years, people upgrade computers every 3 years on average. People usually throw away their old laptops, cameras, computers, cell phones and televisions. This creates a large amount of practically useless waste. Most countries have methods to combat e waste and find a use for obsolete technology. Some items are refurbished for use. Adding up the billions of computer users in the world, over 30 million tons of e-waste is created nearly every year, along with a few billions of tons of other waste. Abderrahman Ait Khamouch Abderrahman Ait Khamouch (born November 9, 1986) is a T46 Paralympic track and field athlete from Spain. He runs in 800 meter, 1,500 meter, 5,000 meter and marathon races. He was born in Morocco, and he later moved to Spain. He became a citizenship in August 2008. He ran for Spain at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Paralympics, and he finished second in the 1,500 meters and third in the in the 800 meters in 2008, and finished second in the marathon in 2012. Personal. Ait Khamouch was born on November 9, 1986 in Morocco. He has an arm amputation. His arm was amputated after he fell when he was a child. The fall caused more medical problems. He eventually got gangrene. The doctors had to amputate his right arm at his shoulder. When Ait Khamouch was 15 years old, he tried to enter Spain illegally three times via boats from Laayoune to the Canary Islands. During these trips, he saw people die. On try number four, he got a boat to Fuerteventura and entered Spain in 2001. Next, he traveled to Madrid and then to Barcelona with friends on the train. When Ait Khamouch first got work in Barcelona, he worked at a parking lot. He got Spanish citizenship on August 25, 2008. Ait Khamouch wrote an autobiography in Arabic titled "The Angel with the Crooked Wing." It was translated into Spanish. He speaks Spanish, French and Arabic. Athletics. Ait Khamouch is a Paralympic track and field athlete. He runs in 800 meter, 1,500 meter, 5,000 meter and marathon races. His first race was a race created French tourists in his hometown in Morocco. He won the race, and the prize of a small blue truck. After the race, he talked to the Morocco Paralympic Committee about competing in athletics, but Moroccans said no. After he got to Spain, he took part in a race in Barcelona organized by El Corte Inglés in 2003. He did well and people took notice. He then raced in other races in the area. The Athletics Federation of Catalonia and others helped Ait Khamouch get Spanish citizenship in time for him to represent Spain at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. The first athletics club Ait Khamouch belonged to in Spain was the Athletic Club Nou Barris. In 2004, he competed the Spanish Paralympic national championships where he finished first in the 800 meters. In 2005, he got a scholarship from the Spanish Paralympic Committee. In 2008, he trained at the Center for High Performance San Cugat (Barcelona). He competed in the 2011 IPC Athletics World Championships. He was one of thirty-two competitors from Spain at the competition. In 2012, he got a €2,500 coaching scholarship. He lost part of his Catalonian scholarship a year and a half before the London Paralympics. Ait Khamouch said the loss of the scholarship was politically motivated. In 2012, he set a world record at the Barcelona Marathon. He also set a qualifying time in the event for the London Paralympics at the Barcelona Marathon. In 2012, he competed in the Barcelona half marathon and he set a personal best time. Paralympics. Ait Khamouch competed in the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China. He finished second in the men's 1500 metres — T46 event and finished third in the men's 800 metres — T46 event. Four years later, he competed in the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, Great Britain. There he won a finished second in the men's marathon — T46 event. His top three finish at the 2008 Games was the first time, Paralympic or Olympic, that some one had finished in the top three by some one from Ait Khamouch's hometown in Morocco. His parents watched him compete on television in Morocco. Ait Khamouch finished second at the London Paralympics in the T46 marathon event because he had a coughing fit with 400 meters left in the race. He was running with a cold. Gorboduc The Tragedy of Gorboduc is the earliest English tragedy in blank verse. It was written by Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton. The writers took the story of the play from Geoffrey of Monmouth's "History of the Kings of Britain" (1138). The play premiered before Queen Elizabeth I on 18 January 1561. It was first printed in 1565. It was printed again in 1570 as "The Tragedy of Ferrex and Porrex". The play is about a good king named Gorboduc. He gives his kingdom away during his lifetime to his sons. The sons quarrel over the throne. Porrex, the younger son, kills his brother, Ferrex. Their mother, Queen Videna, avenges the death of her older son by murdering Porrex. Gorboduc and Videna are then killed by their horrified former subjects. Norton wrote the first three acts; Sackville wrote the last two. The playwrights took the tragedies of the Latin writer Seneca as their model, but ignored the classical unities of time and place. They used Classical elements such as the Chorus and the Messenger, but added non-Classical elements such as dumb shows (pantomimes) before each act. SpongeBob SquarePants (season 9) Season 9 of "SpongeBob SquarePants" began on July 21, 2012. It was the first season in widescreen high definition. Previous season: 8 Next season: 10 Abel Avila Rodríguez Abel Avila Rodriguez (born November 9, 1986 in Manresa) is a track and field athlete from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind and is B3/T13 type athlete. He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished second in the 800 meter T12 race. He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the 800 meter T12 race. He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. He finished second in the 1,500 meter race. Home Secretary The home secretary in the United Kingdom is an important minister of the British Government. Since 19 October 2022, the office has been held by Grant Shapps. He is responsible for immigration, the police and other matters relating to the safety of the United Kingdom. The shadow home secretary is Yvette Cooper. Ignacio Avila Rodríguez Ignacio Avila Rodriguez (born January 19, 1979 in Manresa) is a track and field athlete from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind and is T12/B2 type athlete. He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished second in the 4 X 400 meter T11-T13 race. He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He finished third in the 1,500 meter race. He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. Pontefract Pontefract is a town in West Yorkshire, England. It is part of the City of Wakefield. It has about 28,000 people. It is famous for its Liquorice flavoured Pontefract cakes. David Barrallo Fuertes David Barrallo Fuertes (born June 4, 1973 in Barcelona) is a track and field athlete from Spain. He has a physical disability and is T44 type athlete. He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished second in the 4 X 400 meter T42-T46 race. He finished fourth in the 200 meter race. He finished fifth in the 400 meter race. David Casinos Sierra David Casinos Sierra (born February 15, 1972 from Valencia) is a track and field athlete from Spain. He has a disability: He is blind and is T11/F11/B1 type athlete. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the shot put and fourth in the discus. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the shot put and seventh in the discus. He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the shot put and fifth in the discus. He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the discus and fifth in the shot put. In 2012, he had a €23,000 athlete scholarship with a €3,000 reserve and a €2,500 coaching scholarship. Elena Congost Mohedano Elena Congost Mohedano (born September 20, 1987 in Barcelona) is a track and field athlete from Spain. She has a disability: She is blind and is T12/B2 type athlete. She raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. She finished 7 in the 200 meter race. She raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. She finished 6 in the 1,500 meter race. She also raced in the 800 meter race and finished 6 in the semifinal. She raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. She finished second in the 1,500 meter race. Pedro Cordero Martin Pedro Cordero Martin (born January 28, 1972 in Barcelona) is a boccia player from Spain. He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC2 type athlete. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He was part of the Spain team in the BC1-BC2 boccia team game. His team finished third. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. Francisco Javier Beltrán Manero Francisco Javier Beltran Manero (born November 5, 1972 in Madrid) is a boccia player from Spain. He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC1 type athlete. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, Australia. He finished third in the one person BC1 boccia game. He finished second in the BC1/BC2 team boccia game. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. José Javier Curto Gines Jose Javier Curto Gines (born December 31, 1964 in Madrid) is a boccia player from Spain. He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC2 type athlete. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He finished first in the one person BC2 boccia game. José María Dueso Villar Jose Maria Dueso Villar (born October 30, 1974 in Valencia) is a boccia player from Spain. He has a physical disability, and is a BC4 type athlete. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He finished three in the one person BC4 game. He played against a boccia player from Slovakia when he finished three. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. Governorate of Dalmatia The Governorship of Dalmatia (or "Governatorato di Dalmazia" in Italian) was a territory united to the Kingdom of Italy in April 1941, after the military conquest of the Jugoslavian Dalmatia by Italian general Vittorio Ambrosio during WWII. It lasted until september 1943. Characteristics. The Governorship of Dalmatia was made up of parts of coastal Kingdom of Yugoslavia that were occupied and annexed by Italy from April 1941 to September 1943. Italy already had, since 1919, the Italian Province of Zara ("Provincia di Zara") on the Dalmatian coastline with Zara as capital and the island of Lagosta (actually called Lastovo) after World War I (for a total area of about 200 square kilometers). The creation of the Governorship of Dalmatia fulfilled the requests of the Italian Irredentism, that already were expressed during the "Incidents of Spalato". But not all of Dalmatia was annexed by Italy, as the German puppet state - the Independent State of Croatia - took some sections of the Dalmatian areas, though the Italian army held control over all of Dalmatia. The Kingdom of Italy divided the Governorship in three Italian provinces: "Zara" (Zadar), "Spalato" (Split) and "Cattaro" (Kotor), but never created officially an Italian region with the name "Dalmatia" (waiting for the future peace conference). While the Governorship was not officially a region of Italy, the northern Dalmatian islands of Krk ("Veglia") and Rab ("Arbe") were administratively united to the Italian province of Fiume and became areas of the Kingdom of Italy. In September 1941, Italy's fascist dictator, Benito Mussolini, ordered the military occupation of the entire Dalmatian coast and islands (like Ragusa, Lissa, and Pago) that belonged to fascist Croatia of Ante Pavelić: he tried to annex those areas to the Governorship of Dalmatia, but was temporarily stopped by the strong opposition of Pavelić, who retained nominal control of those areas. The northern dalmatian islands of Krk and Rab were not added to the Governorship of Dalmatia, but were added to the Italian "Province of Fiume". This province was enlarged with areas of northern coastal Dalmatia to the east of Fiume. Territory. The Governatorate of Dalmatia consisted of three provinces: Zara, Cattaro and Spalato. The administrative capital was Zara. After autumn 1941 also the Dalmatian islands of Pago and Lesina, initially given to the croatian dictator Ante Pavelic, were annexed. These islands were occupied militarily by the Italian army, along with an area of fascist Croatia that was off the coast of Segna to the center of Bosnia (near Sarajevo and Banja Luka). After the Kingdom of Italy changed sides to the Allies in 1943, German forces took over the area. This territory was not given to the fascist Italian Social Republic (which was a puppet state of Nazi Germany), but instead completely dissolved and added to the puppet Independent State of Croatia. But Zara remained Italian (even under control of the German Army) until 1945 (the city suffered a terrible bombing in 1944). Álvaro Galán Floria Alvaro Galan Floria (born January 28, 1977 in Madrid) is a boccia player from Spain. He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC2 type athlete. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He was on the BC1/BC2 team from Spain. His team finished second. In the first - second finish game, South Korea finished first by a score of 7-6. APG APG is an abbreviation. Some of the things it can mean are: Are We Not Men? We Are Devo! Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo! is the first album released by the American new wave music band Devo. This album was produced by Brian Eno, recorded mostly in Cologne, Germany and released in the U.S. by Warner Bros. Records company in 1978. The album received mixed reviews from critics when it was released. It reached number 12 on the UK album charts and number 78 on the U.S. "Billboard" charts. Recent reviews of the album have been mostly positive. This album is included on many "best of" lists from magazines such as "Rolling Stone", Pitchfork Media and "Spin". Devo played the whole album live on stage for the first time on May 6, 2009. It was a part of the Don't Look Back (concert series)|Don't Look Back concert series. On September 16, 2009, Warner Bros. and Devo said they would re-release "Q: Are We Not Men?" and "Freedom of Choice", and that Devo would tour and perform both albums. Reception by critics. The first reaction by critics to "Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!" was mixed. Tom Carson, wrote in "Rolling Stone" that "There's not an ounce of feeling anywhere, and the only commitment is to the distancing aesthetic of the put-on", and opined that "Devo lacks most of Eno's warmth and much of Bowie's flair for mechanized melodrama. For all its idiosyncrasies, the music here is utterly impersonal." Critic Robert Christgau gave the album a positive rating of a B+, but noted, "In small doses it's as good as novelty music ever gets, and there isn't a really bad cut on this album. But it leads nowhere." It was voted one of the best albums of the year in the "Village Voice"'s Pazz & Jop critics poll for 1978. In January 1980, "Trouser Press" also named it one of the best albums of 1978. Later reception of the album has been mostly positive. Steve Huey of the online music database Allmusic scored the album four and a half "stars" calling it "arguably Devo's strongest set of material, though several brilliant peaks can overshadow the remainder", and "a seminal touchstone in the development of American new wave." "Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!" is on "best of" lists, including "Spin"'s 50 Most Essential Punk Records, Pitchfork Media's top 100 albums of 1970s and "Rolling Stone"'s list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. It is also listed in the book "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die". Charts. Album Geosynchronous orbit A geosynchronous orbit is an orbit at a height of above sea level on the Earth. At this height, the orbit takes 24 hours, so it is "in sync" with the land on Earth (the 'geo' part of geosynchronous). The geostationary orbit is the most common type of geosynchronous orbit. This is right above the equator, so the satellites in this orbit do not swing north or south, but stay perfectly still above a point on the equator. This is useful for communication satellites (including satellite TV). Geosynchronous also includes orbits that are not above the equator, but since every orbit goes around the center of the Earth, the satellite must spend an equal amount of time north of the equator as it does south of the equator, so it appears to slide up and down when viewed from the Earth. Manuel Angel Martin Perez Manuel Angel Martin Perez (born January 30, 1980 in Portugos) is a boccia player from Spain. He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC2 type athlete. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He played in the one person BC2 game and he finished thir. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, England. Localhost Localhost means "this computer" in computer networking. On most computers "localhost" resolves to the IP address 127.0.0.1. The localhost is useful for programmers to test software independent of a network connection. Using the localhost bypasses the network card in a computer. Applied science Applied science is about using the findings of science to do something. In the natural sciences, this is done by engineering. In sciences such as psychology, this can mean using theoretical findings to improve a test method, for example. Applied research is generally done to solve a problem. Applied chemists invented refrigerants long ago to cool things. Some refigerants escape into the atmosphere and damage the ozone layer, so chemists have developed new refrigerants in another example of applied research. This work not driven by a desire to know, but by a desire to solve a specific problem. John Howland John Howland (c. 1591 – February 23, 1672/3) was a passenger on the "Mayflower". He was an indentured servant to John Carver and travelled with him when they left England to settle in the New World. He signed the Mayflower Compact and helped to build Plymouth Colony. The voyage. John Howland was born in Fenstanton, Huntingdon, England around 1591 and was the son of Margaret and Henry Howland, and the brother of Henry and Arthur Howland. The brothers travelled later from England to Plymouth. The Mayflower left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. The first few days had good weather. They ran into a great storm with heavy winds and large waves. For days the ship could not use it's sails. The first mention of him was by William Bradford. During the storm Howland was walking on deck and was washed overboard by a large wave. He somehow caught a rope and was pulled to safety. In all there were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the "Mayflower" reached land at Cape Cod hook. They landed on November 21. Plymouth Colony. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other. The "Mayflower" was supposed to land in Virginia Colony, but the ship was too damaged and they were forced to land at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor. When the "Mayflower" landed several men went to land to try to find a place where they could live. One of the earliest exploration missions included William Bradford, John Carver, Myles Standish, Edward Winslow, John Howland, Richard Warren, Stephen Hopkins and Edward Doty. Hopkins was the most experienced. He had seen Native Americans when he was at Jamestown. According to Bradford, they set off in below freezing weather, many of the men already being ill, "and when the set sail the salt spray froze on their coats, as if they had been glazed". During their trip they saw Indians who looked like they were cutting up a large whale. When the Indians saw the men they ran away. The men camped and protected themselves from the cold and the Indians. Half of the Pilgrims died by the end of the first winter. Howland lived with the Carver family The following spring, on an very warm day in April, Governor Carver was planting corn when he came out of a cornfield feeling ill and he soon died. Carver was much loved by the passengers. He was a wealthy man who very hard worked along with all of the pilgrims. Bradford wrote Carver had worked himself to death. After Carver's death, Howland became a freeman. This meant that he could own his own land and could vote in Plymouth affairs. Howland was given an acre for each member of the Carver household including himself and Elizabeth Tilley, Desire Minter, and a boy named William Latham. Howland was one of eight settlers who agreed to help to pay the colony's debt to the men in England who had paid for the voyage. From 1641 to 1655 Howland was voted deputy to the Massachusetts General Court. He was elected again in 1658. Howland went with Edward Winslow to exploration of Kennebec River (in current day Maine), looking for possible fur trading sites and natural resources that the colony could use. While Howland was in charge of the colony's trading post, an sad incident happened there. William Bradford wrote was that it was "one of the saddest things that befell the Pilgrims." A group of traders from the Piscataqua River, was led by a man named John Hocking. Hocking started to trade in an area that did not belong to him. Howland warned Hocking to depart, but Hocking, took out a pistol and refused. Howland ordered his men to set the canoe adrift. The Plymouth men managed to cut one cable when Hocking put his pistol to the head of Moses Talbot, one of Howland's men, and shot and killed him. Another of the Howland group shot Hocking. In Plymouth the Howlands lived on the north side of Leyden Street. They lived in other places such as Duxbury and Kingston where they had a farm. The farm burned down in 1675 during King Philip's War. By that time, John had died and Elizabeth moved in with her son, Jabez. Family. Until Bradford's "Of Plymouth Plantation" was discovered in 1856, it was presumed that John Howland's wife, formerly Elizabeth Tilley was the adopted daughter of Carver's. Actually her parents, uncle and aunt came to the New World but died of sickness during the first winter.) This mistake was even recorded on a gravestone that was erected for Howland on Burial Hill, in 1836. They had ten children. Desire, John, Hope, Elizabeth, Lydia, Hannah, Joseph, Jabez, Ruth and Isaac. John Howland died February 23, 1673 at the age of 80. He had outlived all other male "Mayflower" passengers except John Cooke, son of Mayflower passenger Francis Cooke. He is buried on Burial Hill in Plymouth, Massachusetts. 10000 (number) 10000 (104, ten thousand) is the number after 9999 and before 10001. The Ancient Greeks gave it the name myriad. Usage: 10000-meter running competition Example: 10000 grams is 10 kilograms 101 (number) 101 is a number. It comes between 100 and 102. 101 is a prime number. In Binary and BCD -code, 101 means number 5. The product of any 2 digit number and 101 will always be in the form of abab. 76 (number) Seventy-six is a number. It comes after seventy-four and before seventy-seven. It is also divisible by 1, 2, 4, 19, 38, and 76. Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator (1972) is a children's book by British author Roald Dahl. Plot. The book continues directly from the events of "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory". Willy Wonka has just given his factory to Charlie. In a flying machine known as the Great Glass Elevator, they crash through the roof of Charlie's house and tell his family the good news. On their way to the factory, the elevator makes a noise. Charlie and his family find themselves in orbit around the Earth. An adventure begins with Willy Wonka leading the way. Other websites. Dean Ambrose Jonathan Good (born December 7, 1985) is an American professional wrestler. He is currently Signed to All Elite Wrestling. He is better known by his former ring name Dean Ambrose of WWE and his present ring name Jon Moxley. Moxley is married to the WWE interviewer Renee Young (Renee Paquette) . Good signed a contract with WWE on April 4, 2011 and was granted his release from Dragon Gate USA, the previous promotion he was working for. He first performed as Ambrose in the WWE's developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling. On November 18, 2012, he made his WWE debut at Survivor Series on November 18, 2012 along with Roman Reigns and Seth Rollins. Ambrose, Reigns and Rollins attacked Ryback during a triple threat match which also featured CM Punk and John Cena. Their interferences caused a distraction and Punk was able to pin Cena to retain his WWE Championship. The group of Ambrose, Reigns and Rollins named themselves "The Shield" and said they were going to fight against "injustice" in the WWE. The Shield had their debut match at where they defeated Ryback and Team Hell No (Kane & Daniel Bryan) in a Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match. Good has also competed in many different wrestling promotions. Team Hell No Team Hell No were a tag team in WWE. The team was made up of Kane and Daniel Bryan. They were champions from "No Way Out" 2012 to "Extreme Rules" 2013. The team split up on the June 17 episode of Raw because both of them announced that they had intentions of becoming WWE Champion. Madison, South Dakota Madison is a city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Lake County. It became a city in 1885, and 6,474 people lived there at the 2010 census. Madison is home to Dakota State University. Chandrika Kumaratunga Chandrika Kumaratunga (born 49 June 1945) is a Sri Lankan politician. She was the leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party until 2005. She was the fifth president of Sri Lanka. She survived many assassination attempts. Before politics. Chandrika was born into a political family. Her parents were Solomon Bandaranaike and Sirimavo Bandaranaike, who both served as Prime Minister of Sri Lanka. Her father was the fourth Prime Minister of Sri Lanka. He was murdered in 1959, when Chandrika was 14 years old. Her mother was the first woman in the world to serve as head of government. Chandrika studied at Saint Bridgets Convent in Colombo. While her mother was head of government, Chandrika was the chairwoman of the National Estate Development Board. In 1977 she was married to the movie actor, Vijaya Kumaranatunga. They had two children together: Yasodara and Vimukthi. In 1984, her husband formed a new political party, the Sri Lanka Mahajana Party. Chandrika became an active member of it. She left the country in 1988 immediately after the murder of her husband. She returned in 1992 and joined the Sri Lanka Freedom Party. Political life. Chandrika contested the provincial council elections in 1993. She became the chief minister of the Western Province. She was the most popular person in the 1994 general elections, which her party won. She became the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka on 19 August 1994. She became the president of Sri Lanka with a record number of votes a few months later, on 12 November 1994. Her mother took over as Prime Minister. She won the next presidential elections in 1999 with a good share of the votes. Her prime minister under this term was Ratnasiri Wickremanayake. Chandrika survived an attack from a suicide bomber in 2000. In 2001 some of her cabinet ministers crossed over to the opposition and Chandrika was forced to dissolve Parliament and call an election several years early. Her party lost to the United National Party at the election. However, Chandrika would continue in office as the executive president. In 2004, she dissolved Parliament and called a general election and was able to win this time. She retired from politics in 2005. Mahinda Rajapaksa replaced her as president. Yankton, South Dakota Yankton is a city in and the county seat of Yankton County, in the southern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It became a city in 1889, and 14,454 people lived there at the 2010 census. Yankton is located near the Missouri River. Yuki Kato Yuki Anggraini Kato (born 2 April 1995 in Malang, East Java, Indonesia) is an Indonesian actress. Yuki Kato became known after starring in the soap opera "Primata Cantik". In addition to being the main character in the soap opera series "Heart" and "My Love", Yuki she also starred in "Jodoh Arietta" as the sister of Raffi Ahmad's character. Munenori Kawasaki Munenori Kawasaki (川﨑 宗則, Kawasaki Munenori) (born June 3, 1981) is a former Japanese baseball player. He last played for the Wei Chuan Dragons in 2019. He has also played for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks of Nippon Professional Baseball, from 2001 to 2011. He also played for the Seattle Mariners, and the Toronto Blue Jays. He also played for the Japanese national baseball team in the 2008 Summer Olympics and both the 2006 and 2009 World Baseball Classics. Civil Rights Act of 1957 The Civil Rights Act of 1957, Pub.L. 85–315, 71 Stat. 634, enacted September 9, 1957, was a law in the United States. The act did not create new rights. It was primarily a voting rights bill. It was the first civil rights law made by the United States Congress since Reconstruction following the American Civil War. This act stated that all Americans had the right to vote, even African Americans. The Mirror for Magistrates The Mirror for Magistrates is a collection of English poems from the Tudor period. The first edition was published in 1559. These poems were written by different writers. The poems are about the lives and the tragic ends of historical figures. The best poems are "Induction" and "Buckingham's Complaint" by Thomas Sackville. Boysenberry A boysenberry is an aggregate fruit. It has large seeds and a maroon color. It is commonly used in jams and pies. When cooked into jams and pies, it changes color. It is not a natural species: it is a cultivated variety. A boysenberry is a cross between a European raspberry ("Rubus idaeus"), a common blackberry ("Rubus fruticosus"), an American dewberry ("Rubus aboriginum") and a loganberry ("Rubus" × "loganobaccus"). Edgar Bronfman Sr. Edgar Miles Bronfman (June 20, 1929 – December 21, 2013) was a Canadian-American businessman. He is a member of the Bronfman family. Bronfman was born on June 20, 1929 in Montreal, Québec, Canada. He studied at Williams College. Bronfman was married to Ann Loeb from 1953 until they divorced in 1973. Then he was married to Lady Carolyn Townshend from 1973 until they divorced in 1974. Then he was married to Rita "Georgiana" Webb until they divorced. Then he was married to Jan Aronson from 1994 until his death in 2013. Bronfman has seven children. Bronfman died on December 21, 2013 from natural causes in Manhattan, New York City, aged 84. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California Carmel-by-the-Sea, often called simply Carmel, is a small city in Monterey County, California, United States. It was founded in 1902 and incorporated on October 31, 1916. Carmel is on the Monterey Peninsula. It is known for its natural scenery and rich artistic history. Actor Clint Eastwood was mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea for two years. McCormick Place McCormick Place is the largest convention center in North America. It consists of four interconnected buildings on and near the shore of Lake Michigan. It is about 4 km (2.5 mi) south of downtown Chicago, Illinois, USA. McCormick Place hosts many trade shows and meetings. The 2012 NATO Summit in Chicago was held at McCormick Place. President Barack Obama made his 2012 election victory speech speech there. It was named after Cyrus McCormick. Million Dollar Password Million Dollar Password is a television game show that aired on CBS. It is an updated version of the game show "Password". It aired from June 1, 2008 to June 14, 2009. It was hosted by Regis Philbin. Gameplay. The game is played in two parts. The first part of the game has two contestants and two celebrities. Both contestants play 30-second rounds where they try to get five words from clues given by their celebrity partner. Clues have to be one word. The celebrity can give as many clues as they want for each word. They must wait for a response from the contestant before giving a new clue. Only one clue can be given at a time. After each contestant plays, they switch partners. The contestant who gets the most words after four rounds wins and moves on to the Million Dollar Password round. If the contestants are tied after four rounds, a tie-breaking word is given to both teams, starting with the team who won a coin toss. The contestant who gets the word wins. Million Dollar Password. This round has a six-step prize ladder with a top prize of $1,000,000. The contestant's celebrity partner is the one who they got the most words with. If they got the same amount of words with both celebrities, their partner is the one that they last played with. The contestant can give or receive the clues for this round. For each step of the ladder, the clue giver has to get their partner to say five words in 90 seconds. Up to three clues can be given for each word. The clue giver can pass on a word, but cannot come back to it. If the clue giver is successful in getting their partner to say five words, the contestant wins the amount on the level that they are on. They can then decide if they want to take the money they have or go on to the next level. Each level has one less word than the last one. If a contestant fails on a level, the game ends. Failing on the first two levels means that the contestant leaves with nothing. Failing on the $50,000, $100,000 or $250,000 levels means that the contestant leaves with $25,000. If the contestant gets to the $250,000 level, they can play the $1,000,000 level with no risk of losing the $250,000. If the contestant is giving the clues, starting at the $250,000 level, they are shown the words for that level before they decide if they want to take the money they have or go on to the next level. Geoffrey of Monmouth Geoffrey of Monmouth (c. 1095 – c. 1155) was a clergyman and writer. He was probably born in Wales. He was made the bishop of St Asaph on 21 February 1152. Around 1136 he wrote "Historia Regum Britanniae " in Latin, translated as "History of the Kings of Britain". It is a mythical history which included the first account of King Arthur, Camelot and the Knights of the Round Table. Stories about in Geoffrey's book helped to make Arthur a popular character. Shakespeare consulted Geoffrey's book when he wrote "King Lear" and "Cymbeline". As early as 1190, William of Newburgh wrote "it is quite clear that everything this man wrote about Arthur and his successors, or indeed about his predecessors from Vortigern onwards, was made up, partly by himself and partly by others". 540s Below are some of the important events that happened from 540 to 549. Hylobates The genus Hylobates is one of the four genera of gibbons. It is the most widespread type of gibbon; there are six or seven species. Individuals in this genus are characterized by 44 chromosomes and often have a ring of white fur around their faces. Royal Military Academy Sandhurst The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst is the place where the British Army trains their officers. The school is located near Sandhurst, Berkshire, about southwest of London. The Royal Military Academy is comparable to the Britannia Royal Naval College, the Royal Air Force College Cranwell, Commando Training Centre Royal Marines. These other institutions train officers for the British navy, air force and marines. There are both general courses, as well as specialization courses which train specialists, such as medical doctors, veterinaries, nurses and priests. The current institution was formed by combining the Royal Military Academy (RMA) and Royal Military College (RMC), in 1947. Peter Coyote Peter Coyote (born Robert Peter Cohon, October 10, 1941) is an American actor, author, director, screenwriter and narrator for movies, theatre, television and audio books. He was born in New York City. In 1992, he won an Emmy Award. Parametric statistics Parametric statistics is a branch of statistics. It assumes that in the unknown population, the observations follow a probability distribution. Most of the parameters of the distribution are assumed to be known. Most methods of statistical analysis are of this type. Jacob Wolfowitz was the first to use the term: Harpoon A harpoon is a long spear-like instrument used in fishing to catch fish or large marine mammals such as whales. It does this task by impaling the target animal, allowing the fishermen to use a rope or chain attached to the butt of the projectile to catch the animal. A harpoon can also be used as a weapon. Typically, a harpoon for fishing has backwards-pointing barbs which stop the fish getting free. Libertarian Party (United States) The Libertarian Party is a political party in the United States, founded in 1971. The current Chairperson of the Libertarian National Committee is Joe Bishop-Hechman of Washington, D.C. since July 2020. It is the third largest party in the United States in terms of the popular vote in the country's elections and number of candidates run per election, and it is also identified by many as the fastest growing political party in the United States. Ideas. The political ideas of the Libertarian Party reflect the ideas of libertarianism: supporting less regulated markets, a less powerful state, strong civil liberties (favoring same-sex marriage and other LGBT rights), the legalization of cannabis, separation of church and state, open immigration, neutrality in diplomatic issues, staying out of other countries' wars, freedom of trade and travel to all foreign countries, and a better democracy. They also support more lenient gun laws. The Libertarian Party has also supported the United States' exit from the United Nations and other organizations. Although there is not a "left" or "right" wing label to the party, it is considered by many to be more left-wing than the Republican Party but more right-wing than the Democratic Party. Many members say they are more socially liberal than the Republicans, but more conservative with money than the Democrats. As of March 2016, there are over 410,000 voters registered as Libertarians. Hundreds of Libertarian candidates have been elected or appointed to public office, and thousands have run for office under the Libertarian banner. Presidential elections. The Libertarian Party has had a number of records, such as being the first party to get an electoral vote for a woman in a United States presidential election. On May 5, 2012, Gary Johnson received the Libertarian Party's official nomination for President of the United States in the 2012 election. In 2016, Johnson once again became the party's nominee with running mate William Weld. In the United States presidential election, 2016 they won more popular votes than ever before. In 2020, Jo Jorgensen became the Presidential nominee with the running mate Spike Cohen. References. Notes 9. reference is a dead link on the internet Sandhurst Sandhurst commonly refers to the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, near the town of Sandhurst in Berkshire, England Sandhurst may also refer to these places: Huron, South Dakota Huron is a city in the eastern part of South Dakota, United States. It is the county seat of Beadle County, and 12,592 people lived there at the 2010 census. Huron became a city in 1883. Nomascus Nomascus is the second most common genus (biology) of Gibbon. There are six species in the genus. Originally Nomascus was a sub-genus of the Hylobatidae. Watertown, South Dakota Watertown is a city in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Codington County, and 21,482 people lived there at the 2010 census. Watertown became a city in 1885. Vermillion, South Dakota Vermillion is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Clay County, and it became a city in 1877. Vermillion is the tenth largest city in South Dakota; 10,571 people lived there at the 2010 census. The city is home to the University of South Dakota, a major college in the state. Redfield, South Dakota Redfield is a city in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Spink County, and it became a city in 1883. At the 2010 census, 2,333 people lived in the city. Sackville, New Brunswick Sackville is a Canadian town in Westmorland County, New Brunswick. Trudel, New Brunswick Trudel is a Canadian village in Gloucester County, New Brunswick. The village is located on the Acadian Peninsula. The community centres around the intersection of Route 135 and Route 325. Tracy, New Brunswick Tracy is a Canadian village in Sunbury County, New Brunswick. It is at Route 101 and the Eastern Terminus of Route 645. In 2011, it had a population of 611. The village is on the North Oromocto River, about 40 km south of Fredericton, New Brunswick. Paquetville Paquetville is a Canadian village in Gloucester County, New Brunswick. It is located on the Acadian Peninsula, at the intersection of Route 340, Route 135 and Route 350. In 2006, Paquetville had a population of 642. The village was founded by Monseigneur Paquet in 1873, who brought several parishioners with him from Shippagan. The village is the home of Édith Butler, who sings the song "Paquetville". Demographics. Population trend Mother tongue language (2006) St. George, New Brunswick St. George is a Canadian town in Charlotte County, New Brunswick. Geography. St. George is nicknamed the "Granite Town". It is located on the Magaguadavic River between Passamaquoddy Bay and Lake Utopia. It is 70 km west of Saint John. The Magaguadavic River flows through the town and into a large gorge and the St. George Dam at St. George, with caves in the cliffs on either side. History. The town was founded by Peter Clinch, a United Empire Loyalist who emigrated from the United States in 1784. Several granite quarries operated in the 19th and early 20th century. Transportation. The town is centered mainly between Route 1 to the North, Route 172 to the south-east along the most southern portion of Route 770. Lamèque Lamèque is a Canadian town in Gloucester County, New Brunswick. In 2011, it had a population of 1,432. Lamèque is a French-speaking community. It is located on Lamèque Island, off the northeastern tip of the Acadian Peninsula. History. Lamèque's economy is tied to the fishing and peat industries. It has hosted an annual baroque music festival every summer since 1975. The Lamèque Eco-Parc is a nearby park that contains many of the plants and animals of the Acadian Peninsula. Notable people. Lamèque is also where Vancouver Canucks late player Luc Bourdon was born and raised. Saint John, New Brunswick The City of Saint John is the second largest city in the Canadian province of New Brunswick, and the third largest in the maritime provinces. Media. CBAT CBC CKLT CTV Television Network CHNB Global Television Network Rogers Moncton Moncton is a Canadian city in Westmorland County in southeastern New Brunswick. Moncton is the largest city in the Canadian province of New Brunswick, and the second largest in the maritime provinces. Aberdeen, South Dakota Aberdeen is a city in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the third largest city in the state; 26,091 people lived there at the 2010 census. The city is home to Northern State University, a major college in the state of South Dakota. Aberdeen became a city in 1882. Onoway Onoway is a town in central Alberta, Canada. It is west of Edmonton at the junction of Highway 37 and Highway 43. The Canadian National Railway tracks run through the town, which is east of Lac Ste. Anne and south of the Sturgeon River. Onoway built and opened a new elementary school, but the fate of the existing school has not yet been confirmed. Every June, Onoway has a fair weekend, called "Heritage Days". Demographics. In the 2011 Census, the Town of Onoway had a population of 1,039. This was an 18.7% increase from its 2006 population of 875. About 375 of its 403 total houses were occupied. In the 2010 municipal census, there was a population of 1,021. In 2006, Onoway had a population of 875 living in 355 houses, a 3.3% increase from 2001. The town has a land area of and a population density of . According to the 2001 census: Bludenz Bludenz is a city in Vorarlberg. Bludenz was first named in a document from 830. About 14,000 people live there. Archeological findings suggest that there was a settlement from the Bronze age, probably relating to the La Tène culture. Today, Bludenz is an important railway hub, at the point where the Klostertal, Brandnertal and Montafon join. It is the start of the railway line that links Vorarlberg to Tyrol, over a mountain pass called Arlberg. In the year 1274, Bludenz was awarded city rights. Begoniaceae The Begoniaceae are a family of flowering plants with about 1400-1500 species occurring in the subtropics and tropics of both the New World and Old World. All but one of the species are in the genus "Begonia". The only other genus in the family, "Hillebrandia", is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands and has only one species. Many varieties (or cultivars) of some species and hybrids of the genus "Begonia" are used as ornamental plants. Description. Plant and leaves. Most of the plants in this family are perennial herbaceous plants and very few are shrubs o subshrubs; they are from only a few centimetres to 3 metres tall. Their leaves and stems are succulents, that is, leaves and stems are juicy and store water. Stems are upright (vertical) and many species form rhizomes or tubers (fleshy, thickened underground stems). In some cases, the stems are very short and the leaves are in a group close to the soil. The leaves of most species are simple, undivided and with sides more or less unequal; in very few cases they are compound (divided). They are alternate or, when the stem is very short, they are all in a group. Flowers and fruits. Begoniaceae plants are mostly monoecious, so there are male and female flowers on the same plant; very few are dioecious, with only one kind of flower so the plants are either male or female. Flowers are grouped in inflorescences. The fruits are capsules (simple, dry fruits) and sometimes berries; they have many very small seeds. Chromosome number. The chromosome number is variable, n=10-21 or more. Genera. The family Begoniaceae was named in 1820 as Begoniae by the Bohemian scientists Friedrich Graf von Berchtold and Jan Svatopluk Presl in "Prirozenosti Rostlin", 1:270, and then in 1824 as Begoniaceae by the Swedish botanist Carl Adolph Agardh, published in "Aphorismi Botanici". There are two genera in this family: The New Guinean genus "Symbegonia" Warb. has recently been reduced to a section of "Begonia". Where they grow. The species of this family are found abundantly in all moist tropical countries, absent only from the Australian tropical forests. One species, "B. grandis" grows in the temperate zone, growing as far north as near Beijing (China). Uses. Some species, hybrids and cultivars of the genus "Begonia" are used worldwide as ornamental plants in parks, gardens, balconies and as houseplants because they have beautiful leaves and flowers. Edward Tilley Edward Tilley was a passenger on the "Mayflower". He was baptized in Henlow, Bedfordshire, England on 27 May 1588. He was the son Robert and Elizabeth Tilley. Edward was a weaver. He married Ann (or Agnes) Cooper on 20 June 1614 in Henlow. They had no known children. The Tilleys went to Holland a few years after their marriage. In September 1620, they sailed for the New World on the "Mayflower" with two young relatives of Anne's, Henry Samson and Humility Cooper. As the "Mayflower" lay off Cape Cod in November 1620, Tilley and other passengers signed the Mayflower Compact. He and his wife died during the winter of 1620-1621. Vegetative reproduction Vegetative reproduction is a kind of asexual reproduction. Many plants do it. By vegetative reproduction plants can cover the ground quickly: ground taken by one plant is difficult for other plants to take. This occurs naturally, and can also be done on purpose by horticulturists. Vegetative reproduction uses mitosis. This means that the newly created cell is a clone, and identical to the parent cell. Some plants put out new roots underground, have bulbs, or grow new vines and shoots above ground. By this process, new plants can be grown naturally without any seeds or spores. Therefore, it is widely used especially in agriculture to spread the trees that are of great value to the economy. Cuttings. In gardening and farming, vegetative reproduction means cutting a tree branch below its center joint, planting it in some other earth, and letting it form new roots. In this way, many kinds of useful plants can be easily reproduced without any seeds, for example: apple, avocado, banana, cacao, hemp, orange/lemon, date, fig, grape, almond, pineapple, potato, strawberry, sugar cane and tea. Pathological liar A pathological liar is someone who lies as a habit. It is a form of mental illness. The problem was first written about in 1891 by Anton Delbrueck. The word phrase pathological comes from pathology, a study of the causes and effects of diseases, and also injuries. Luis Antonio Arevalo Espadas Luis Antonio Arevalo Espadas (born September 10, 1982 in Miguelturra) is a swimmer from Spain. He is also a student. He has a disability: He is blind and is an S13/SB13/SM13/B3 type swimmer. He raced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He came in third in 4 x 100 meter relay 49 Points swimming race. He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. CNN en Español CNN en Español is CNN's Spanish language news channel. On March 17, 1997, CNN launched CNN en Español, a 24-hour Spanish-language news network. Classical unities The classical unities, Aristotelian unities or three unities are rules for drama. They are found in Aristotle's "Poetics". These are the three unities: Thomas Norton Thomas Norton (1532 – 10 March 1584) was a lawyer, a statesman, and a politician who wrote "Gorboduc", the first English tragedy in blank verse. Norton was born in London to Thomas Norton, a merchant, and Elizabeth Merry Norton. He went to the University of Cambridge. In 1556, he studied law. He was a Member of Parliament. He was a Calvinist, and tortured Catholics. The English bishops grew to dislike him. He was charged with treason and sent to the Tower of London. He was soon released, but his health had grown poor. In March 1584, he died in his Bedfordshire home. Norton began to write sonnets and other poems when he was 18. In 1560, he wrote the earliest English tragedy in blank verse, "Gorboduc", with Thomas Sackville. He wrote many anti-Catholic pamphlets. He also translated John Calvin's "Institutes" (1561) and Alexander Nowell's "Catechism" (1570). Mary Carlisle Mary Carlisle (born Gwendolyn Witter; February 3, 1914 – August 1, 2018) was a retired American actress, dancer and singer. She was known for her roles in "Long Live the King", "Madame Satan", "College Humor", "Double or Nothing", and "Doctor Rhythm". Carlisle was born on February 3, 1914 in Boston, Massachusetts. She was married to James Blakeley from 1942 until his death in 2007. They had one child. In 2010, aged 98, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Carlisle became the last known sole surviving "WAMPAS Baby Star". Carlisle died on August 1, 2018 in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles at the age of 104. Xi Jinping Xi Jinping (; born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician who is currently the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China. As paramount leader, he holds the offices of General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the President of the People's Republic of China, and the Chairman of the Central Military Commission. As General Secretary, he is also a member of the CPC Politburo Standing Committee, China's top decision-making body. Early life. Xi Jinping is the son of former Chinese Vice Premier Xi Zhongxun and Qi Xin. He rose politically in China's coastal provinces. He was the Governor of Fujian between 1999 and 2002. Between 2002 and 2007, he was Governor and CPC party chief of Zhejiang. After the dismissal of Chen Liangyu, Xi was transferred to Shanghai as the party secretary for a short time in 2007. Xi was promoted to the central leadership in October 2007 and trained to become Hu Jintao's successor. General Secretary. In November 2012, he was elected as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China and the Chairman of the Central Military Commission in the CPC convention. In March 2013, he was elected as the President of the People's Republic of China by the Chinese Congress. This started his first term as China's leader. Chinese leadership changes every 5 years, and it happens roughly in October/November (for CPC and military) and March next year (for government). In October 2017 and March 2018, Xi was re-elected as party, military and government leader. This started his second term. By tradition in recent decades, the Chinese leader leads two terms (10 years in total). The second term identifies his successor and prepares for the power transfer. However, Xi stopped this tradition and abandoned his potential successors Hu Chunhua and Sun Zhengcai. On 11 March 2018, the National People's Congress approved an amendment to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, so that Xi and the future presidents could be reelected for president without term limits. In July 2018, a trade war started between US and China. At the early stage Xi showed China's muscle by declaring to fight "a tooth for a tooth". As the conflicts continues to worsen, China softened its stance. There were reports that Xi's authority got damaged by his handling of the trade dispute with US. Personal life. Xi was born on 15 June 1953 in Beijing, China. His father held lots of posts, including party propaganda chief and vice premier. He has been married to Peng Liyuan since 1987. They have one daughter, Xi Mingze, who graduated from Harvard University in 2015. Xi lives in Zhongnanhai, China. José Manuel Rodríguez Vazquez José Manuel Rodríguez Vazquez (born September 2, 1980 in Cádiz) is a boccia player from Spain. He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC3 type athlete. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in the two person game and finished second. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. Division of Wilmot The Division of Wilmot was an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Tasmania. It was located in central Tasmania. At various times it included the towns of Deloraine, Beaconsfield, Devonport, Latrobe and New Norfolk. The Division was named after Sir John Eardley-Wilmot, the sixth Lieutenant-Governor of Tasmania. It was set up for the 1903 election. The division was abolished in 1984, and new boundaries were created. Much of the area is now included in the Division of Lyons. Members. The most famous member was Joseph Lyons, a Premier of Tasmania, who later became the 10th Prime Minister of Australia. Lyons died while still in office, and a by-election was held for the Division in 1939. Olaudah Equiano Olaudah Equiano (c. 1745 – 31 March 1797) also known as Gustavus Vassa or Graves, was an important African involved in the British movement for the abolition of the slave trade. He was made a slave when he was a child but was later able to buy his freedom. He worked as an author, merchant, and explorer in South America, the Caribbean, the Arctic, the American colonies, and the United Kingdom, where he settled by 1792. In his autobiography, "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano", he wrote about the horrors of slavery. This influenced the passing of the Slave Trade Act of 1807. Tasman Island Tasman Island is a small island in south-eastern Australia. It is part of Tasmania. It has an area of , and consists of a plateau surrounded by steep cliffs. The plateau is about above sea level, the highest point on the island is about above sea level. In 1905, a lighthouse was built on the island; there is also a weather station. Since 1977, the lighthouse is automatic, and no longer requires people to be on the island. The island is named after Abel Tasman. It is part of Tasman National Park today. José Vaquerizo Relucio José Vaquerizo Relucio (born October 10, 1978 in Valencia) is a boccia player from Spain. He has not always had a job. He has a physical disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a BC1 type athlete. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third in the Team BC1-2 game. The Girl Can't Help It The Girl Can't Help It is a 1956 American romantic comedy musical movie. It stars Jayne Mansfield as Jerri Jordan. It was produced and directed by Frank Tashlin. It was based on the 1955 book "Do Re Mi" by Garson Kanin. Musical stars Little Richard, The Platters, and others appear in the movie as themselves. German papiermark The German Papiermark (often just Papiermark) was the money of the Weimar Republic, from 1919 to 1923. On 15 November 1923 it was replaced by the Rentenmark, and in 1924, the Reichsmark became the official money. In 1914, the Gold standard was abolished; there was the First World War. The period when it was used was marked by a high inflation rate. At some time, the "millions" and billions of Mark were written in words, because there was not enough space on the paper. Roberto Alcaide García Roberto Alcaide Garcia (born March 22, 1978 in Madrid) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a physical disability: He is a C4/LC2 type cyclist. He raced at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. He was the first racer to finish in the Individual Pursuit track LC2 race. He finished second in the Combined Road LC2 race. He raced at the 2008 Summer Paralympics. He was the second racer to finish in the Individual Pursuit track LC2 race. He was the third racer to finish in the Road Trial LC2 race. He raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. Maya Angelou Maya Angelou (; born Marguerite Annie Johnson; April 4, 1928 – May 28, 2014) was an American poet, author, writer, memoirist, and civil rights activist. She published seven autobiographies, three books of essays, several books of poetry, and was credited with a list of plays, films, and television shows spanning over 50 years. She received dozens of awards and more than 50 honorary degrees. Angelou was best known for her series of seven autobiographies, which focus on her childhood and early adult experiences. The first, "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" (1969), tells of her life up to the age of 17 and brought her international recognition and acclaim. Early life. Angelou was born Marguerite Annie Johnson in St. Louis, Missouri on April 4, 1928, the second child of Bailey Johnson, a doorman and navy dietitian, and Vivian (Baxter) Johnson, a nurse and card dealer. Angelou's older brother Bailey, Jr., nicknamed Marguerite "Maya," derived from "My" or "Mya Sister." When Angelou was three and her brother four, their parents' "calamitous marriage" ended, and their father sent them to Stamps, Arkansas, alone by train, to live with their paternal grandmother Annie Henderson. In "an astonishing exception" to the harsh economics of African Americans of the time, Angelou's grandmother prospered financially during the Great Depression and World War II because the general store she owned sold needed basic commodities and because she "made wise and honest investments". Four years later, the children's father "came to Stamps without warning" and returned them to their mother's care in St. Louis. At the age of eight, while living with her mother, Angelou was sexually abused and raped by her mother's boyfriend, a man named Freeman. She told her brother, who told the rest of their family. Freeman was found guilty but was jailed for only one day. Four days after his release, he was murdered, probably by Angelou's uncles. Angelou became mute for almost five years, believing, as she stated, "I thought, my voice killed him; I killed that man, because I told his name. And then I thought I would never speak again, because my voice would kill anyone..." According to Marcia Ann Gillespie and her colleagues, who wrote a biography about Angelou, it was during this period of silence when Angelou developed her extraordinary memory, her love for books and literature, and her ability to listen and observe the world around her. Shortly after Freeman's murder, Angelou and her brother were sent back to their grandmother. Angelou credits a teacher and friend of her family, Mrs. Bertha Flowers, with helping her speak again. Flowers introduced her to authors such as Charles Dickens, William Shakespeare, Edgar Allan Poe, Douglas Johnson, and James Weldon Johnson, authors who would affect her life and career, as well as black female artists like Frances Harper, Anne Spencer, and Jessie Fauset. When Angelou was 14, she and her brother moved in with their mother once again, who had since moved to Oakland, California. During World War II, Angelou attended the California Labor School. Before graduating, she worked as the first black female streetcar conductor in San Francisco. Three weeks after completing school, at the age of 17, she gave birth to her son, Clyde (who later changed his name to Guy Johnson). Career. Angelou became a poet and writer after a series of jobs as a young adult, including fry cook, sex worker, nightclub dancer and performer, cast member of "Porgy and Bess", coordinator for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and journalist in Egypt and Ghana during the decolonization of Africa. She was an actress, director, producer of plays, movies, and public television programs, and writer. In 1982, she earned the first lifetime Reynolds Professorship of American Studies at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Angelou was active in the Civil Rights Movement and worked with Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X. Beginning in the 1990s, Angelou made around 80 appearances a year on the lecture circuit, something she continued into her eighties. In 1993, Angelou recited her poem "On the Pulse of Morning" (1993) at Bill Clinton's inauguration, making her the first poet to make an inaugural recitation since Robert Frost at John F. Kennedy's inauguration in 1961. With the publication of "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings", she publicly discussed aspects of her personal life. She was respected as a spokesperson for black people and women, and her works have been considered a defense of black culture. Her works are widely used in schools and universities worldwide though attempts have been made to ban her books from some U.S. libraries. Angelou's most celebrated works have been labeled as autobiographical fiction, but many critics consider them to be autobiographies. She made a deliberate attempt to challenge the common structure of the autobiography by critiquing, changing and expanding the genre. Her books center on themes such as racism, identity, family and travel. Death. On May 28, 2014, Angelou died in her home in Winston-Salem, North Carolina of natural causes at the age of 86. Honors. In 2021, the United States Mint announced that Angelou would be among the first women shown on the reverse of the quarter as a part of the American Women quarters series. The coins were released in January 2022. She is the first Black woman to be seen on a quarter. Promises! Promises! Promises! Promises! is a 1963 movie. It was the first Hollywood sound movie to feature a major star—Jayne Mansfield—in the nude. She was in three nude scenes that together lasted a bit over a minute. "Playboy" publisher Hugh Hefner was charged with obscenity when he printed nude photos of Mansfield on the set in his magazine. The movie was banned in some American cities. It was a big box office success in cities where it was shown. Story. Sandy Brooks (Jayne Mansfield) wants to get pregnant. Her husband Jeff (Tommy Noonan) is too stressed out with work to make love to her. They take a cruise, and meet another couple (Marie McDonald and Mickey Hargitay). The four get drunk. They change partners when going to their rooms. Later, both women learn they're pregnant. They wonder whether the fathers are their own or the other's husband. Nude scenes. "Promises! Promises!" was the first Hollywood sound movie to feature a big star in the nude. For some, the nude scenes were the movie's main attraction. There are only three short nude scenes. Together, these three scenes last a little bit over one minute. Mansfield was seen only topless in the movie, but the book "Hollywood Babylon" shows her on the set completely nude. Her pubic hair can be seen. "Playboy". In June 1963, "Playboy" published a photo article about the movie. In the photos, Mansfield plays with one of her breasts. Publisher Hugh Hefner was arrested and charged with obscenity. He was acquitted by the jury. Reception. "Promises! Promises!" was banned in several American cities. Both the original movie and an edited version had box office success in places where it was not banned. Mansfield was voted one of the Top 10 Box Office Attractions by theater owners that year. Movie critic Roger Ebert wrote about Mansfield, "Finally in "Promises! Promises!" she does what no Hollywood star ever does except in desperation. She does a nudie. In 1963, that kind of box office appeal was all she had left." Teacup A teacup is a porcelain cup that is used to hold liquid for drinking. It is usually used for drinking tea. It is also used for drinking coffee or some other hot drink. A teacup has a handle on the side that stays cool when the rest of the cup is too hot to hold. It also has its own small plate to sit on, called a "saucer". These can be made from ceramic, clay, glass or even plastic. Usually, teacups are ceramic (made of porcelain) because it is safer. Teacups can also be made for decoration. If they are made for decoration, their owners might keep them on display and not actually use them. Teacups are often decorated with patterns or pictures. Those painted by hand can be expensive. Some people collect decorated teacups as a hobby. Jiah Khan Jiah Khan (born Nafisa Rizvi Khan, 20 February 1988 – 3 June 2013) was a British-American-Indian actress that appeared in movies for Bollywood. Khan was born on 20 February 1988 into a Muslim family in New York City, New York. On 3 June 2013, she was found dead in her apartment in Sagar Sangeet building in Juhu, Mumbai after hanging herself. Granbury, Texas Granbury is a city in the American state of Texas. It is the county seat of Hood County, Texas. As of the 2020 census, 10,958 people lived in Granbury. It is the main city of the Granbury micropolitan statistical area. The city is named after Confederate General Hiram B. Granbury. Air superiority fighter An air superiority fighter is a fighter airplane, which is designed for close combat in the air against enemy fighters. This type of aircraft is very expensive and it is produced in smaller numbers than other types of fighters. Usage of the term. During World War II and the Korean War, fighters were divided by their roles: heavy fighter, interceptor, escort fighter, night fighter, and so on. By the mading of guided missiles in the 1950s, fighters were designed and made in two different kinds: Examples of air superiority fighters. Country of origin. France Russia United States José Andres Blanco Sánchez Jose Andres Blanco Sanchez (born April 13, 1958 in Madrid) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a disability: He is a type LC3 cyclist. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished second in the Individual Pursuit track LC3 race. He finished third in the Road LC3 race. Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? is a 1957 movie. It stars Jayne Mansfield, Tony Randall, Mickey Hargitay, and Groucho Marx in a cameo appearance. It was produced and directed by Frank Tashlin. He also wrote the screenplay, using little more than the title and the character of Rita Marlowe from the Broadway play of the same name by George Axelrod. The play ran from 1955 to 1956. It also starred Mansfield. The movie was a great success. It received a nomination for a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Actor – Musical/Comedy (Tony Randall). It also received a nomination for the Writers Guild of America, East WGA Award (Screen) for Best Written American Comedy (Frank Tashlin). In 2000, the movie was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Ruairí Ó Brádaigh Ruairí Ó Brádaigh (2 October 1932 – 5 June 2013) was an Irish republican paramilitary and political leader. He was Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) from 1958–1959 and again from 1960–1962, president of Sinn Féin from 1970 to 1983, and president of Republican Sinn Féin from 1987 to 2009. Brádaigh was born on 2 October 1932 in Longford, Irish Free State. He was raised in Dublin, Irish Free State. Brádaigh studied at St. Mel's College and at University College Dublin. He was married to Patsy O'Connor until his death in 2013. They had no children. Brádaigh died on 5 June 2013 in Roscommon, Republic of Ireland from a short illness, aged 80. Susan Rice Susan Elizabeth Rice (born November 17, 1964) is an American diplomat. In 2021, Rice became the Director of the Domestic Policy Council under the Joe Biden presidency. She was the National Security Advisor from 2013 through 2017 during the Barack Obama presidency. Before, she was the United States Ambassador to the United Nations between 2009 to 2013. Obama administration. She was the United States Ambassador to the United Nations. Rice served on the staff of the National Security Council and as Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs during President Bill Clinton's second term. Rice was confirmed as UN ambassador by the U.S. Senate by unanimous consent on January 22, 2009. She is the first Jamaican-American woman to hold that office. Rice succeeded Tom Donilon as National Security Adviser. Donilon's resignation was announced on June 5, 2013. Post-Obama presidency activities. On March 8, 2017, Rice joined American University as a distinguished visiting research fellow in the School of International Service (SIS) at the university. In her residency she planned to work on her next book and mentoring young SIS students. On March 28, 2018, Rice was appointed to the board of directors at Netflix. 2018 U.S. Senate race in Maine. After U.S. senator Susan Collins from Maine voted in favor of Brett Kavanaugh for the Supreme Court, Rice publicly considered a challenge to Collins in 2020. In April 2019, however, Rice announced that she would not seek a Senate run against Collins in 2020. 2020 presidential election. In July 2020, it was widely reported that Rice was under consideration to be Joe Biden's running mate for Vice President in the 2020 general election. Biden administration. On December 10, 2020, it was reported that Rice was picked by President-elect Joe Biden to serve as Director of the Domestic Policy Council in the Biden administration.</small> Personal life. Rice was born on November 17, 1964 in Washington, D.C.. She studied at Stanford University and the New College, Oxford. Rice is an African American whose maternal grandparents were Jamaican. Hooverville A "Hooverville" is the popular name for slum towns built by people without homes during the Great Depression. They were named after Herbert Hoover, who was the President of the United States during the start of the Great Depression and was given the blame for it. Most Hoovervilles were made out of any materials people could find, including crates, cardboard, and scraps of metal. They usually had a small stove, a bed, and some cooking instruments. People who were living in Hoovervilles without jobs created public charities or asked for food from people with houses. One well-known Hooverville was in Central Park in New York City, where people lived on the Great Lawn, which was then an empty reservoir. Thomas E. Donilon Thomas E. "Tom" Donilon (born May 14, 1955) is a former United States Government official. He was the National Security Advisor in the Obama Administration. He has had a career as a U.S. political advisor, government official and lawyer. Previously, he served together with diplomat Wendy Sherman as Agency Review Team Lead for the State Department in the Obama transition, and as Deputy to National Security Advisor James Jones early in the Obama administration. Donilon replaced Jones as National Security Advisor on October 8, 2010. Donilon announced his resignation as National Security Adviser on 5th June 2013. Susan Rice was his successor. Donilon was also Chief of Staff to former Secretary of State Warren Christopher at the United States Department of State in the Administration of President Bill Clinton. Donilon was born on May 14, 1955 in Providence, Rhode Island. He studied at the Catholic University of America and at Virginia University. He is currently married to Catherine Russell. They have two children. Plymouth Rock Plymouth Rock is an American historic site in Plymouth, Massachusetts. People say the "Mayflower" Pilgrims there in 1620. But, they may not have. Edward Winslow did not mention the rock in "Mourt's Relation" (1620–1621). William Bradford did not mention it in his journal "Of Plymouth Plantation" (1620–1647). The first written reference to the Pilgrims landing on a rock is found 121 years after they landed. Carl Adolph Agardh Carl Adolph Agardh was a Swedish botanist and bishop of Karlstad. He was known for his extensive work on algae. Biography. Agardh was born on 23 January 1785 in Båstad, a town in Scania (), Sweden. He began to study at Lund University in 1799. In 1807, Agardh became a teacher of mathematics at Lund. In 1812, he was appointed professor of botany and rural economy. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1817, and of the Swedish Academy in 1831. Agardh became a Lutheran clergyman in 1816. He was a member of the Swedish Parliament on several occasions from 1817. He was "rector magnificus" of Lund University from 1819 to 1820. In 1835 he became the bishop of Karlstad, where he remained until his death. He died on 28 January 1859 in Karlstad. Publications. Agardh devoted considerable attention to political economy. As "a leading liberal", he "succeeded in improving and raising the standards of education in Sweden". He wrote on theological and other subjects, but he is best known for his botanical works, especially "Systema algarum", "Species algarum rite cognitae", and "Icones Algarum" (1824, 1820–28, and 1828–35). He translated into German most of his "Manual of Botany" (2 vols., Malmoe, 1829–32) Family. Agardh was the father of Jacob Georg Agardh, also a botanist. Bing Russell Bing Russell (May 5, 1926 - April 8, 2003) was an American actor and baseball club owner. He was best known for playing the role of Deputy Clem Foster on "Bonanza", beginning in 1959 and of Robert in "The Magnificent Seven" in 1960. Russell was the father of Golden Globe nominated actor, Kurt Russell. He was also grandfather of an American actor, Wyatt Russell, who is also a former professional hockey player. Wyatt is the son of Goldie Hawn and Kurt Russell. Russell was also grandfather of a former major league baseball player, Matt Franco, who is Kurt Russell's nephew. Early life. He was born in Brattleboro, Vermont and grew up wanting to be an actor. He studied drama at his high school. As a boy, he became an unofficial mascot of the New York Yankees, becoming friends with the players Lefty Gomez and Joe DiMaggio. Another Yankees batter, Lou Gehrig, gave him the last bat he used to hit a home run before he retired, due to the illness ALS. Acting career. Russell was best known for playing the role of the deputy sheriff in "Bonanza" along with Lorne Greene, Michael Landon, and Pernell Roberts. Bonanza was a popular cowboy television series on the NBC network that aired from 1959-1973. He had a cowboy role in the movie "The Magnificent Seven" in 1960. He also guest starred in episodes of many television series during his acting career. In 1979, Kurt Russell had the role of Elvis Presley in a television movie, "Elvis" and Bing Russell played his father, Vernon Presley. Baseball. Bing Russell owned the Portland Mavericks, the only independent team in their league, from 1973 through 1977. He kept more players on his team than he needed, because he thought the players deserved to play for one last season. He believed in his players having fun. Many players who were not good enough for other teams came to his June try-outs. They were always open to anyone who showed up. "The Battered Bastards of Baseball". Archived movie film of Russell and his team became part of the 2014 documentary, "The Battered Bastards of Baseball". Kurt Russell, Russell's son, who played for the Mavericks and was vice president for the team, is in the movie. It was directed by Chapman Way and Maclain Way, grandsons of Russell. The movie was first shown at the Sundance Film Festival on January 20, 2014. It began being shown on Netflix on July 11, 2014. "The Battered Bastards of Baseball" got positive reviews from critics. Scott Foundas of "Variety", said that "So rife with underdog victors and hairpin twists of fortune that, if it weren't all true, no one would believe it." Duane Byrge, writing in "The Hollywood Reporter", praised the movie. He said that "The Battered Bastards of Baseball is not just about baseball. It transcends the game and is a charming anti-establishment yarn that should delight audiences who don't even know an r.b.i. from a balk." Dustin Krcatovich, from "Esquire", wrote "easily one of the most raucously entertaining films to come out this year, and the best sports documentary in a while." Katie Walsh of "Indiewire" gave the movie a B+ grade. She said "The Batterered Bastards of Baseball is an entertaining celebration of the independent spirit and the love of the game." The "New York Daily News" listed the documentary as one of the 10 best movies of 2014. Death. Russell died from cancer on April 8, 2003 in Thousand Oaks, California. Dorothy Custer Dorothy Custer (May 30, 1911 – April 22, 2015) was an American comedian, harmonica player, and centenarian. She was best known for her two appearances on "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno". She has become the top featured story of all time on the Boise-based television station KTVB. She has been the subject of many interviews in Idaho and other states. Custer was born in Twin Falls, Idaho. She had four children. She died in her sleep on April 22, 2015, aged 103. Deloraine, Tasmania Deloraine is a town on the Meander River, in the central north of Tasmania, Australia. It is 50 km west of Launceston and 52 km south of Devonport along the Bass Highway. It is part of the Meander Valley Council. There were 2,848 people living there in the . History. The region was explored in 1821 by Captain Roland, who was searching for farm land. Land was granted to new settlers, and the town is now a major farming centre. There are a large number of farms of all types in the area. Deloraine Post Office opened on 29 October 1836. Economy and Infrastructure. The town won the State Tidy Towns award in 1992, 1993 and 1995, and the Australian Community of the Year award in 1997. The town is a cultural centre and is home to the largest craft fair in the Southern Hemisphere. About 40,000 people come to the annual fair which has 13 venues and over 200 stalls around the town. The town was bypassed by the new Bass Highway in the early 1990s. However the town is still a popular resting place for travellers. It also serves as a base to explore areas such as Cradle Mountain, the Great Western Tiers, Mole Creek and the Central Highlands. Deloraine is the educational centre for the region with both primary (Deloraine Primary School and Our Lady of Mercy Catholic School) and high schools (Deloraine High School). Students from other towns come to Deloraine's schools by bus. Deloraine is served by ABC Television, SBS Television, Tasmanian Digital Television, Southern Cross Tasmania, WIN Television, 91.7 ABC Northern Tasmania and other ABC radio networks, commercial stations 89.3 LAFM and 90.1 Chilli FM and community station 96.9 Meander Valley FM. Sister cities. Deloraine has one sister city: Vittorio Amuso Vittorio Amuso (born 1934) is an American mobster from New York City. He was the leader of the Lucchese crime family from 1987 to 2012. He is currently serving a life sentence in prison for murder and racketeering. Hurricane Gert (1993) Hurricane Gert was a destructive and very deadly tropical cyclone in September 1993. It struck Central America and Mexico. The storm affected almost the same region devastated by Hurricane Diana three years prior, except winds were a little stronger than for Diana. Winds for Gert were 105 miles per hour; ninety lives were lost, and forty three other people were missing due to Hurricane Gert. Despite the devastation, the name Gert was not retired in Spring of 1994. Hurricane Bertha (1996) Hurricane Bertha of July 1996 was a hurricane of notable status. This storm struck the northeastern Caribbean islands, Puerto Rico and the eastern United States, causing the deaths of almost one dozen persons and leading to $335 million in destruction. The winds from Bertha were 105 miles an hour when she struck eastern North Carolina on July 12 1996. Despite the damage, the name Bertha was not discontinued (retired) in the Spring of 1997). Toni Braxton (album) Toni Braxton is the self-titled record by the Toni Braxton. It was released in July 1993. Songs on the album include "Breathe Again", "I Belong to You" and "You Mean the World to Me". Adina Howard Adina Howard (November 14, 1973) is an American R&B singer who was popular in the mid 1990s. She was extremely notable for her hit single "Freak Like Me", though there were other minor songs. She represented with a rather provocative image. Adina was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Arthur Kornberg Arthur Kornberg (March 3, 1918 – October 26, 2007) was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 for his discovery of "the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)" with Severo Ochoa of New York University. He was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1979. His primary research interests were in biochemistry, especially enzyme chemistry, deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis (DNA replication) and studying the nucleic acids which control heredity in animals, plants, bacteria and viruses. He is of Jewish descent. Arthur and Sylvy Kornberg had three sons: Roger Kornberg (1947), Thomas Kornberg (1948), and Kenneth Kornberg (1950). Roger is Professor of Structural Biology at Stanford University, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2006. Thomas discovered DNA polymerase II and III in 1970 and is now a professor at the University of California, San Francisco. Kenneth is an architect specializing in the design of biomedical and biotechnology laboratories and buildings. Oceanus Hopkins Oceanus Hopkins (1620?) was born at sea during the voyage of the "Mayflower" to the New World in 1620. He was the son of Stephen Hopkins and his wife, Elizabeth (Fisher) Hopkins. He was born sometime between 6 September and 9 November 1620. He died before 1627. His body and grave are lost. Oceanus is the Latin word for ocean. Division of Cowper The Division of Cowper is an Australian electoral division in New South Wales. It was one of 75 divisions set up for the first federal election in 1901. It is named for Charles Cowper, an early Premier of New South Wales. It is on the north coast of New South Wales, and includes the towns of Coffs Harbour, Kempsey, Macksville, Nambucca Heads. Members. Its most famous member was Sir Earle Page, leader of the Country Party and Prime Minister of Australia in 1939. Carey Mulligan Carey Hannah Mulligan (born 28 May 1985) is an English actress who made her movie debut in the 2005 movie "Pride & Prejudice". She acted in the 2009 movie "Public Enemies", playing Carole. Carey was born in Westminster, London, England. Allison Iraheta Allison Iraheta (born April 27, 1992) is an American musician who was fourth place in the eighth season for "American Idol". Her first album "Just Like You" was released in December 2009. She also performs cover songs. Allison was born in Los Angeles. Der Stürmer Der Stürmer was a weekly newspaper published from 1923 to 1945. It contained propaganda for the policies of the Nazi Party in Germany. It was styled like a tabloid. It printed obscene antisemitic material with the intent to make people hate Jews. This included racist caricatures, accusations of blood libel and sex crimes, and articles about why Jews are a problem. The paper was published by Julius Streicher. It was first printed in Nuremberg on 20 April 1923. This was at a time when Adolf Hitler was trying to seize power and control over the government. "Der Stürmer" continued to be published until the end of World War II. After the war, Streicher was executed for authorising the publication of articles that demanded the extermination of the Jewish race. Richard Barthelmess Richard Semler "Dick" Barthelmess (May 9, 1895 – August 17, 1963) was an Oscar-nominated American movie actor. He was nominated for the first Academy Award in the Best Actor category in 1928. Movie career. Barthelmess was born in New York City. He went to Hudson River Military Academy and Trinity College at Hartford, Connecticut. He worked in theaters during his school days doing "walk-ons". In college, he played in amateur productions. He made his first movie appearance in 1916 in a movie serial as an extra. At this time, he also appeared as a supporting player in several movies. Director D. W. Griffith saw him. He cast Barthelmess opposite Lillian Gish in "Broken Blossoms" (1919) and "Way Down East" (1920). He soon became one of Hollywood's highest paid actors. He was nominated for Best Actor at the first Academy Awards in 1928. He founded a production company, Inspiration Film Company. He starred in the company's "Tol'able David" (1921). This movie was a great success. Barthelmess made several "talkies". He failed to hold on to the star status of his silent movie days. He joined the United States Navy Reserve during World War II. He was a lieutenant commander. He never went back to movies. He died of cancer in 1963. He was 68. He was buried at Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum in Hartsdale, New York. Personal. Barthelmess married Mary Hay, a stage and movie star. They had one daughter Mary Barthelmess. In 1927, Barthelmess became engaged to Katherine Young Wilson, a Broadway actress. The engagement was called off, possibly due to his affair around this time with the journalist Adela Rogers St. Johns. In 1928, Barthelmess married Jessica Stewart Sargent. Honors. Barthelmess was one of the founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Barthelmess received the George Eastman Award for distinguished contribution to movies. Composer Katherine Allan Lively dedicated her piano piece, "Within the Walls of China: A Chinese Episode", to Barthelmess. It was published in 1923 by G. Schirmer, Inc. An article in "The Music Trades" reported that Mrs. Lively was inspired by a seeing "Broken Blossoms". She played the piece for Barthelmess and his friends in New York in the summer of 1922. Tol'able David Tol'able David (1921) is a silent movie starring Richard Barthelmess. It is based on a story by Joseph Hergesheimer. The movie was produced and directed by Henry King for Inspiration Pictures. The movie was voted a Photoplay Magazine 1921 "medal of honor". In 2007, "Tol'able David" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Story. Young David Kinemon, son of West Virginia tenant farmers, wants to be treated like a man by his family and neighbors. He is constantly reminded that he is still a boy and he is only "tol'able" but not a man. He proves himself a man when outlaws move onto a nearby farm. Attack aircraft Attack aircraft are military aircraft. They are designed for attacking enemy ground or naval forces, especially moving ground or naval forces, like tanks, soldiers, and warships. Such aircraft attack their targets while flying low. They were much used in World War II, and later also took over the job of dive bombers. Attack aircraft can be fighter airplanes or helicopters. Of Plymouth Plantation Of Plymouth Plantation is a book written by William Bradford between 1630 and 1651. It tells of the Pilgrims, of their years in Holland, their voyage on the "Mayflower", the founding of Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts, and the colony's early years. The book ends with a list written in 1651 of Mayflower passengers and what happened to them. Pequot War The Pequot War (1634-1638) was fought between the Pequot tribe and settlers of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies. The settlers were helped by Native American groups including the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes. Hundreds of people were killed, and hundreds more were sold as slaves in the West Indies. At the end of the war, about 700 Pequots had been killed or captured. The others were forced off their lands and into other areas. Shirley Temple's Storybook Shirley Temple's Storybook is a television series hosted and narrated by actress Shirley Temple. Its first season of 16 episodes (mostly in black and white) aired on NBC between January 12, 1958 and December 21, 1958. The second season of 25 episodes (all in color) aired on NBC as "The Shirley Temple Show" between September 18, 1960 and July 16, 1961. Fairy tales, children's stories, and some maturer material like "The House of Seven Gables" were adapted for the series. Well known stars like Charlton Heston and Elsa Lanchester appeared in the series. Several books such as "Shirley Temple's Stories That Never Grow Old" were published around the time the series aired. In 1961, the series was nominated for a prime time Emmy Award for "Outstanding Achievement in the Field of Children's Programming". Selected episodes have been released to VHS and DVD. The Garfield Show The Garfield Show is a French/American CGI animated television show. It started in France on France 3 on December 22, 2008. English-language episodes started in the United Kingdom on Bommerang on May 5, 2009. The show started airing in the United States on Cartoon Network on November 2, 2009. It is based on the comic strip "Garfield". It is the second "Garfield" television series, after "Garfield and Friends". Rubén Bonifaz Nuño Rubén Bonifaz Nuño (12 November 1923 – 31 January 2013) was a Mexican poet and classical scholar. Nuño was born on 12 November 1923 in Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico. He studied at National Autonomous University of Mexico. Nuño died on 31 January 2013 in Mexico City, Mexico from natural causes, aged 89. Forklift A forklift is a type of truck with large metal forks, used for carrying and raising things. It is commonly used in large warehouses. It may also be used outdoors to load and unload trucks and trailers. Donald O'Connor Donald David Dixon Ronald O’Connor (August 28, 1925 – September 27, 2003) was an American dancer, singer, and actor. He was known for his role as Cosmo Brown in "Singin' in the Rain". He won an Emmy Award and an Golden Globe Award. O'Connor was born on August 28, 1925 in Chicago, Illinois. He is of Irish descent. O'Connor was married to Gwen Carter from 1944 until they divorced in 1954. Then he was married to Gloria O'Connor from 1956 until his death in 2003. They had two sons. O'Connor died on September 27, 2003 from heart failure in his Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California home, aged 78. Thousand Oaks, California Thousand Oaks is a city in southeastern Ventura County, California. It is part of the Greater Los Angeles Area in the United States. The city is located about 14 miles from Los Angeles County, and 35 miles to Downtown Los Angeles. It was named after the many oak trees that grew in the area. The city seal has a picture of an oak tree. UB40 UB40 is an English reggae band. They were formed in 1978 in Birmingham. They are named after an unemployment form at the time. At that time, they used to give £40 to every unemployed person every month. Therefore, the name was derived to be Unemployment Benefit £40 (UB40) Manasa Manasa (, Manasha) also known as Manasa Devi is the Hindu goddess of snakes and poison. She is mainly worshiped by Hindus for the prevention and cure of snakebites and infectious diseases like smallpox and chicken pox as well as for prosperity and fertility. She is also known as Vishahara (the destroyer of poison), Jagadgaurī, Nityā (eternal) and Padmavati. She stands for both 'destruction' and 'regeneration', almost akin to a snake shedding its skin and being reborn. Origin. Originally Manasa was a Adivasi(tribal) goddess. Manasa was accepted into the Hindu pantheon ( groups of gods and goddesses ) by the lower caste. Later Manasa Swas accepted by the higher caste. She is now regarded as a Hindu goddess rather than a tribal one. Iconography. The idol of the goddess is depicted as a graceful lady with her body, adorned with snakes and sitting on a lotus or standing on a snake, under a hooded canopy of seven cobras with usually a geese next to her. She is often seen as 'the one-eyed goddess', and sometimes portrayed with her son Astika on her lap. Her one eye is due to a belief that her stepmother Chandi burnt one of her eyes out of jealousy. Myths and Legends. Her myths are emphasize by her bad temper and unhappiness because in many beliefs, her father, Shiva, rejected her and her step-mother Chandi hated her. In some scriptures, Kashyapa is considered to be her father. Her legends are based on her life. Mahabharata. The Mahabharata tells about her marriage. Sage Jagatkāru decided to abstain of marriage. He came across a group of men who were hanging upside down from a tree. These men were his ancestor who were doomed because their children did not perform their last rites. So they asked Jagatkāru to marry and to have a son who can perform the rites to free them. Vasuki offered Jagatkāru his sister, Manasa. Although Jagatkāru was abstaining from marriage he accepted. Manasa gave birth to their son, Astīka. Astīka performed the rites and freed their ancestor. Astīka also helped Nāga from a Yanja, a fire offering by stopping the king Janamejaya. Puranas. The Puranas are scriptures that tell the birth of Manasa. The story states that Sage Kashyapa was the father not Shiva. The story narrates that the serpents and reptiles created chaos on the earth. The Sage Kashyapa created Manas out of his mind (mana). The creator God Brahma made Manasa a deity of snakes and poison. Mansa then gained control over the earth by chanting mantras (prayers). Manasa then pleased Shiva, who told her to please Krishna. Because Krishna was pleased he granted her divine Siddhi powers and made her an official goddess by worshiping her ritually. Mangalkavyas. The Mangalkavyas were devotional paeans (songs) to local deities like Manasa. Worship. Usually Manasa is worshiped without an animal. An earthen pot, a branch tree, and/or an earthen snake image is used. Manasa images are also worshiped too. She is worshiped for cure and prevention of snake bites poison. She is mostly worshiped Bengal. She is worshiped in festivals like Nag Panchami-a snake festival. She is also worshiped in Assam, a musical folk theatre that is dedicated to her myths. Manasa is mainly worshiped during the rainy seasons, when snakes are mainly active. Joanna García Joanna Leanna García (born August 10, 1979) is an American actress. She acts mostly on television. She has also been in some movies. She played Cheyenne Hart Montgomery in the sitcom "Reba". She played Mia Putney in the sitcom "Better with You". García was born in Tampa, Florida. Jamie-Lynn Sigler Jamie-Lynn Sigler (born May 15, 1981) is an American actress and singer born in Jericho, New York. Career. She is best known for playing Meadow Soprano in "The Sopranos". She also played call girl Heidi Fleiss in an American television movie. She was born in Jericho, New York. Personal life. In January 2016, Sigler revealed that she was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis when she was 20 years old. References. Vashi Bridge The Vashi Bridge, also called Thane Creek Bridge, is a bridge that connects the city of Mumbai to the mainland of India at New Delhi. It is built across the Thane Creek. The bridge links Mankhurd in Mumbai with Vashi in Navi Mumbai, the satellite city of Mumbai. It is one of four entry points into Mumbai, and handles traffic in the region to the west and north of Mumbai. History. The first bridge to connect Mumbai to Navi Mumbai was made in 1973. The bridge is 1837 metres in length and has a below-requirement 3 lane carriageway. Within two years of its opening to traffic, corrosion cracks were noticed on some parts of the bridge. This led to a series of extensive repairs. It was then decided to construct a new bridge to replace the faulty one. Construction on a new bridge began in 1987 and opened in 1997. The original Vashi Bridge or the 1st Thane Creek Bridge remains closed to traffic. The Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation (MSRDC) has plans to add six more lanes to the Vashi Bridge at an estimated cost of 400 crore. Baneh County Baneh County () is a county in Kurdistan Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Baneh. At the 2006 census, its population was 116,773, in 24,709 families. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. The county is subdivided into four districts: the Central District, Alut District, Namshir District, and Nanur District. The county has four cities: Baneh, Armardeh, Kani Sur, and Buin-e Sofla. Stress (biology) Stress is a word used in psychology and medicine to describe a condition which may be seen in organisms. Stress describes a living thing's response to a threat or some adverse change in its environment. In psychology, stress is a feeling of emotional strain and pressure. Stress is a type of psychological pain. Small amounts of stress may be beneficial, but more stress can increase the risk of strokes, heart attacks, ulcers, and mental illness, such as depression Types of stress. There are different types of stress. Each type has different characteristics and symptoms. Stress response. Organisms can respond to stress in different ways. Stress may also lead to adaptations, which allow certain organisms to better deal with the stressors. Stress happens every day, and is part of every living thing's life. Too much stress is bad and can cause health problems. Stress plays a part in some physical problems, like heart disease. Stress also plays a part in many mental illnesses, like anxiety, Acute Stress Disorder, and PTSD. Acute Stress Disorder and PTSD are mental illnesses that can happen when a person experiences something that is very terrifying, like a major accident or a war. Another type of stress disorder is a "psychosomatic illness" where a person has physical symptoms that are caused by an emotional stress, not by physical harm. Stress management. There are different ways to deal with stress. One tip is to remove yourself from the stressor. For example if a school assignment is causing stress, taking a break from the assignment can be good. This break can include sleeping or engaging in hobbies. Physical activity and exercise reduce stress. Social support from friends and family can be helpful. Health care professionals can help when stress is bad and affects physical or mental health. Relaxing with meditation and deep breathing can also manage stress. Hawking radiation Hawking radiation is black body radiation which is emitted by black holes, due to quantum effects near the event horizon. It is named after the physicist Stephen Hawking, who provided a theoretical argument for its existence in 1974. As a result of quantum fluctuations, particle-antiparticle pairs can appear from the vacuum of space near the event horizon of a black hole in which the net energy of the particles is zero due to the matter and antimatter nature of the particles. In normal conditions, particle-antiparticle pairs that appear due to the quantum fluctuations annihilate each other. But if one member of the pair falls beyond the event horizon of the black hole, the other particle will not have a sister with which to annihilate. The member that does not fall into the black hole is then emitted from the black hole as hawking radiation. The particle that falls into the black hole effectively has negative energy, meaning that it will subtract from the overall mass-energy content of the black hole. Thus, after enough time has passed, the black hole will evaporate from these negative particles, while seeming to emit positive ones. Hawking radiation reduces the mass and the energy of the black hole and is therefore also known as black hole evaporation. Because of this, black holes that lose more mass than they gain through other means are expected to shrink and ultimately vanish. Hawking radiation is such a small effect that it has never been measured. Micro black holes (MBHs) are predicted to be larger net emitters of radiation than larger black holes (and should thus shrink and dissipate faster), but MBHs have yet to be observed. High-level programming language In computer science, a high-level programming language is a programming language that does not require knowledge of computer hardware. The advantage with high-level programming languages is that programmers only need to understand the syntax (i.e. the type of structure of the code) of the programming language and don't have to understand computer hardware to program well. Low-level programming languages require knowledge of both the syntax and the hardware they are programming for. Features of high-level programming languages. What determines a programming language as "high-level" depends on how much the programming language relies on hardware knowledge. Programming languages that require less knowledge about computer hardware are called "high-level" programming languages. It doesn't matter whether a programming language is considered easy to learn or not. Rather than dealing with functions of computer hardware, high-level programming languages deal with more abstract concepts. High-level programming languages focus more on what the program will output. An interpreter is required to translate high-level programming language for low-level programming languages to tell the hardware what to do. High-level programming languages can use variables, arrays, conditional statements, subroutines, loops, and among other functions to help produce the output. High-level programming languages are generally easier to do than low-level programming languages. The syntax used to make a program generally has clearer language than lower-level programming languages. Low-level programming language In computer science, a low-level programming language is a programming language that involves knowledge of both computer hardware and the coding used to make the computer hardware do actions. The advantage of low-level programming languages compared to high-level programming languages is that they can directly communicate with the computer hardware to do actions. There is less need for an interpreter to convert programming languages into code that the computer understands. Low-level programming languages require knowledge of the hardware to make the most of what the hardware can do. The term "low-level" usually refers to assembly language. A programming language can be called "low-level" because the actions the code describes are close to the computer hardware. A "high-level" language can be seen as "far away" or "high above" the computer hardware and closer to the programmer. Features of low-level programming languages. What determines a programming language as "low-level" depends on how much the programming language relies on hardware knowledge. Programming languages that require more knowledge about computer hardware are called "low-level" programming languages. It doesn't matter whether a programming language is considered easy to learn or not. Rather than focus on what the program will output regardless of computer hardware, low-level programming languages deal directly at the computer hardware. Low-level programming languages will aim at what the hardware will actually do to make the actions that have been programmed. An interpreter is required to translate high-level programming language for low-level programming languages to tell the hardware what to do. Low-level programming languages often use more technical code that is clearer for the hardware to understand. Low-level programming languages are generally harder to do than high-level programming languages due to how technical the syntax is (i.e. the structure of the coding is difficult to understand because of how complex it is). The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (also known as Ziggy Stardust) is a concept album by British musician David Bowie, published in 1972. The album reached 5th place in British charts and 75th in American Billboard charts. A film of the same name was directed by Donn Allan Pennibaker in 1973. The album ranks 35th place in the "Rolling Stone" list of 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Alexander Mackenzie (explorer) Sir Alexander Mackenzie (1764-1820) was a Scottish explorer who explored the area that is now the Northwest Territories. Mackenzie was born in Stornoway, on the Scottish island of Lewis with Harris in 1764. Mackenzie made his fortune as a fur trader in northwest Canada. In 1789, Mackenzie left Fort Chipewyan on Lake Athabasca with a small party of Canadians and native guides. He travelled north to Great Slave Lake on a boat or a canoe. Then he followed the river that now bears his name, the Mackenzie River. He was the first European to travel on the Mackenzie River. It took him to the Arctic Ocean. He had hoped the river would lead him to the Pacific Ocean. In 1801 he wrote the book "Voyages on the River Saint Lawrence and Through the Continent of North America, To the Frozen and Pacific Oceans in the Years 1789 and 1793". This book contains information on native tribes and Canadian history of that time period. He spent his last years in Scotland. Bell AH-1 Cobra AH-1 Cobra is an American military helicopter. It is an attack helicopter. It is made by Bell Helicopter company. It has one engine. Its first flight was on 7 September 1967. The United States Army don't use the AH-1 any more, and replaced it with the AH-64 Apache. The single-engine AH-1 Cobra is still active in some other countries like Israel and Iran. The United States Marine Corps still use the two-engine Bell AH-1 SuperCobra. The Cobra's weapons are: Jerusalem artichoke The Jerusalem artichoke ("Helianthus tuberosus"), also called sunroot, sunchoke, earth apple or topinambour, is a species of sunflower native to eastern North America, and found from eastern Canada and Maine west to North Dakota, and south to northern Florida and Texas. It is also cultivated widely across the temperate zone for its tuber, which is used as a root vegetable. Description. The herbaceous plant is perennial. It can reach heights of up to . The leaves are oval, and grow to to wide, and to long. The plant has been imported to Europe, and it is seen as an invasive species - few animals eat it, and it will take away the space of other plants. This means that often, there is uncontrolled growth. Uses. The plant has been used to make spirits and sugar. It is a food plant for animals such as horses and pigs. People who suffer from diabetes often use it: Up to sixteen percent of the plant is made of the polysaccharide inulin. Pyramid scheme. In the 1980s, the Jerusalem artichoke also gained some notoriety when its seeds were planted by midwestern US farmers at the prodding of an agricultural pyramid scheme. There was little market for the tuber in that part of the US at the time, but farmers were assured it would soon appear on the commodity market. The only profits were realized by the initial distributors and the first few levels of farmers (who sold their seeds to other levels of the pyramid). As a result, many of the farms that had planted large quantities of the crop were ruined. Elsa Lanchester Elsa Sullivan Lanchester (28 October 1902 – 26 December 1986) was an English actress in theatre, movies, and television. After World War I, she began performing in theatre and nightclubs. She met the actor Charles Laughton in 1927. They were married two years later. She began playing small roles in British movies. The couple moved to Hollywood. Lanchester played small movie roles. They became American citizens in 1950. She played the title character in "Bride of Frankenstein" (1935). She played supporting roles through the 1940s and 1950s. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for "Come to the Stable" (1949) and "Witness for the Prosecution" (1957). Following Laughton's death in 1962, Lanchester resumed her career with appearances in such Disney films as "Mary Poppins" (1964), "That Darn Cat!" (1965) and "Blackbeard's Ghost" (1968). One of her last roles was in "Murder By Death" (1976). Moses Fletcher Moses Fletcher (c.1564–1620/1) was a passenger on the "Mayflower" in 1620 and was one of the signers of the Mayflower Compact. Fletcher was born in Sandwich in England. He married Mary Evans in 1589 and had 10 children. Fletcher worked as a blacksmith. Fletcher did not want to be a member of the Church of England. He did not follow some of the Church rules and told others that he did not believe in the teachings of the Church. On June 12, 1609, Moses Fletcher, along with the wife of future "Mayflower" passenger James Chilton and several other persons were excommunicated from the church for the illegal burial of a child. Fletcher became a Separatist. This religion was illegal in England. He and his family left England with the Chilton family and moved to Leiden in Netherlands. His wife Mary died and he married Sarah, a widow from Leiden. On the Mayflower. Fletcher came on the Mayflower without his family. The "Mayflower" left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, they spotted land. The "Mayflower" was supposed to land in Virginia Colony, but the ship was damaged and they were forced to land 21 November at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor. They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other. Plymouth Colony. Fletcher died in the winter of 1620–1621 in the general sickness. Fletcher was buried in the Cole's Hill Burial Ground in Plymouth. His name is on the Pilgrim Memorial Tomb. Hurricane Edith (1971) Hurricane Edith of 1971 was a Category Five hurricane. Edith developed from a tropical disturbance on Sunday, September 5 and rapidly strengthened into a hurricane in the Caribbean Sea. She began strengthening on Thursday, September 9 and then made her first landfall as a 160 mph Category Five storm over northern Central America. She later made landfall in western Louisiana on Thursday, September 16 with winds near 105 miles per hour, triggering a tornado outbreak in the Gulf States area. No deaths were reported in the United States, although thirty five lives were taken elsewhere. Bell Helicopter Bell Helicopter is an American company that designs and produces military helicopters and tiltrotors. Its center is in Hurst, Texas, near Fort Worth. It has a branch in Quebec, Canada, which produces commercial rotorcrafts. Gina Gillespie Gina Gillespie (born September 20, 1951) is a former American child actress. She is the sister of ex-Mouseketeer Darlene Gillespie. She played in many television series. She played the role of 'Tess' in "Law of the Plainsman". She was the first child actor to play Pippi Longstocking in a television or movie adaptation of Astrid Lindgren's book. This was on "Shirley Temple's Storybook" in 1961. Gina also played the young Blanche Hudson in "What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?" in 1962. References. Sukhoi Su-24 Su-24 Fencer is a Russian supersonic attack aircraft. It was first entered the service in 1974 in the Soviet Union. It has variable-sweep wing. It has two engines. It has two seates. It is still active in Russian Air Force. Some other countries have also this airplane. This fighter is active in these countries: Russia, Ukraine, Iran, Algeria, Kazakhstan, Syria, Azerbaijan. Joey Votto Joseph Daniel "Joey" Votto (born September 10, 1983 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian baseball player. He currently plays as a first baseman for the Cincinnati Reds of Major League Baseball. He made his MLB debut for the Cincinnati Reds on September 4, 2007. In 2010, he won the National League MVP Award, the National League Hank Aaron Award, as well as the Lou Marsh Trophy which is awarded annually to Canada's top athlete of that year. He signed a 10-year, $225 million contract extension with Cincinnati, running through the 2024 season on April 2, 2012. Norman Fell Norman Fell (Norman Noah Feld; March 24, 1924 – December 14, 1998) was an American actor of movie and television. He is famous for his role as landlord Mr. Roper on the sitcom "Three's Company" and its spin-off, "The Ropers". He won a Golden Globe Award. Fell was born on March 24, 1924 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to a Jewish family. He studied at Central High School of Philadelphia and at Temple University. He also studied at The Actors Studio. Fell was married was married to Diane Weiss from 1961 until they divorced in 1973. Then he was married to Karen Weingard from 1975 until her death in 1995. Fell died on December 14, 1998 from bone cancer in Los Angeles, California, aged 74. Justin Morneau Justin Ernest George Morneau (born May 15, 1981 in New Westminster, British Columbia) is a Canadian baseball player. He currently plays as a first baseman for the Minnesota Twins of Major League Baseball. He made his MLB debut for the Minnesota Twins on June 10, 2003. He won the American League MVP Award in 2006. He also won the 2008 Home Run Derby and two Silver Slugger Awards in 2008. He wears the number 33 to honour his idol, former NHL goaltender Patrick Roy. He would also not leave the car for hockey games when he was younger until the clock read :33 minutes past the hour. Bass Highway, Tasmania The Bass Highway is a highway in Tasmania, Australia. It is a part of the National Highway, named National Highway 1. It joins the major cities across the north of the state - Burnie, Devonport and Launceston. The Bass Highway is, like Bass Strait, named for explorer George Bass. The highway connects the following towns: From Burnie, the Bass Highway is no longer a National Highway, and connects the following towns: As part of the National Highway, there have been many changes to the highway. In the 1980s it was made longer to join the southern exit at Launceston which connects to the Midland Highway. Almost the entire length of the highway has been re-aligned to allow for dual carriageway, overtaking lanes, and the bypass of small towns. Between Launceston and Deloraine, this had included Carrick and Hadspen in the 1980s and Deloraine in the early 1990s. The longest stretch of highway, the Hagley-Westbury bypass, was completed in 2001. People living in the small towns have been concerned that they no longer get passing trade. The 'old' highway, now known as the Meander Valley Highway, is promoted as a tourist route. The highway between Latrobe and Somerset has had a similar re-alignment. This section of the highway is more of a commuter highway than a tourist highway, and as such the local economy does not rely on passing tourists. Ethnology Ethnology is part of anthropology. It studies different ethnic groups. Sanjay and Craig Sanjay and Craig is an American animated television series. It is produced by Nickelodeon. The series was first shown on May 25, 2013. The show's creators are Jim Dirschberger, Andreas Trolf, and Jay Howell. Howell is also the character designer on "Bob's Burgers". "Sanjay and Craig" is being produced by Will McRobb and Chris Viscardi, the creators of "The Adventures of Pete & Pete". Plot. The show is about the adventures of the title characters, a 12-year-old Indian American human boy named Sanjay Patel, and his best friend, a talking snake named Craig. On a promotional webpage for the show, the network explains that Sanjay and Craig's adventures require that "nobody finds out that Craig can talk". Ryan Dempster Ryan Scott Dempster (born May 3, 1977 in Gibsons, British Columbia) is a Canadian baseball player. As of 2013, he is a pitcher for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball. Career. Dempster was drafted by the Texas Rangers in the 3rd round of the 1995 MLB Draft. On August 8, 1996, the Rangers traded him along with Rick Helling to the Marlins for John Burkett. He made his MLB debut for the Florida Marlins on May 23, 1998. He would play for the Marlins from 1998 to 2002. On July 11, 2002, Dempster was traded to the Cincinnati Reds in exchange for Juan Encarnacion, Wilton Guerrero and Ryan Snare. He played for the Reds from 2002 to 2003. In August 2003, he underwent Tommy John surgery on his right elbow and missed the rest of the season. He was then released by the Reds and was signed by the Chicago Cubs as a free agent on January 21, 2004. He played for the Cubs from 2004 to 2012 and was then traded to the team that drafted him, the Texas Rangers. He only played a year with the Rangers however and signed a two-year contract worth $26.5 million with the Boston Red Sox after the 2012 season. Personal. In early June 2009, he released a statement in which he explained the his daughter, Riley Dempster, had DiGeorge syndrome. He released the statement because he wanted to help raise awareness of the genetic disease. When he was asked if his daughter would be able to lead a normal life, he replied, "Yeah, she will. There can be (problems), but so far all the signs are good. There’s a lot of work to do. They say there are 186 symptoms you can have. You just check off ones as you go along". His daughter was able to go home in early June after 2 months in the hospital. Ben Casey Ben Casey is an American medical drama television series. It ran on ABC from 1961 to 1966. The series starred Vince Edwards and Sam Jaffe. Ben Casey is a young, intense but idealistic surgeon at County General Hospital. His mentor is Doctor David Zorba, At the beginning of the 1965 season, Jaffe left the show and Franchot Tone replaced him as new Chief of Surgery, Doctor Daniel Niles Freeland. The show began running multi-episode stories and Casey developed a romantic relationship with a patient who had just emerged from a coma after thirteen years. In 1988, the television movie, "The Return of Ben Casey", with Vince Edwards in his role as Casey, aired in television syndication. The pilot was not picked up by the major networks to bring the series back. The Big Parade The Big Parade is a 1925 silent movie. It was directed by King Vidor. It stars John Gilbert as James Apperson and Renée Adorée as Melisande. It was adapted by Harry Behn and King Vidor from the play by Joseph Farnham and the autobiographical novel "Plumes" by Laurence Stallings. It tells the story of an idle rich boy who joins the US Army's Rainbow Division and is sent to France to fight in World War I. He becomes friends with two working class men, experiences the horrors of trench warfare, and finds love with a French girl. In 1992 "The Big Parade" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". "The Big Parade" was one of the greatest hits of the 1920s earning gross rentals of $4,990,000 in North America and $1,141,000 overseas on a budget of $382,000 during its initial release, The film ultimately grossed $18–$22 million in worldwide rentals and is sometimes proclaimed as the most successful film of the silent era. Tornado emergency A tornado emergency is a stronger wording of tornado warnings used by the National Weather Service in the United States. It is used when a large, powerful tornado is in an area with a lot of people. It means that a very large amount of damage and a high possibility of a lot of deaths are expected. The term was first used on May 3, 1999 when an F5 tornado hit just south of Oklahoma City in Moore. Between 5:30 and 6:00 PM, a large, powerful tornado was heading for Oklahoma City, leading to the first tornado emergency. Tornado safety. If people are in a tornado's path, they should follow these safety tips: Tornado emergency example. SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS 1203 PM CDT SAT APR 24 2010 ...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1230 PM CDT FOR CENTRAL YAZOO COUNTY... ...THIS IS A TORNADO EMERGENCY FOR THE WARNED AREA... AT 1203 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS AND STORM SPOTTERS WERE TRACKING A LARGE AND EXTREMELY DANGEROUS WEDGE TORNADO. THIS TORNADO WAS LOCATED 6 MILES NORTH OF SATARTIA MOVING NORTHEAST AT 60 MPH. THE TORNADO WILL BE NEAR... YAZOO CITY AND LITTLE YAZOO BY 1210 PM CDT... MYRLEVILLE BY 1215 PM CDT... BENTON AND EDEN BY 1220 PM CDT... MIDWAY BY 1225 PM CDT... PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... A TORNADO WARNING MEANS THAT A TORNADO IS OCCURRING OR IMMINENT. YOU SHOULD ACTIVATE YOUR TORNADO ACTION PLAN AND TAKE PROTECTIVE ACTION NOW. SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE HAS OCCURRED WITH THIS SIGNIFICANT TORNADO! THIS IS AN EXTREMELY DANGEROUS AND SERIOUS LIFE THREATENING SITUATION. THIS STORM IS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING STRONG TO VIOLENT TORNADOES. IF YOU ARE IN THE PATH OF THIS TORNADO...TAKE COVER IMMEDIATELY! A TORNADO WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 800 PM CDT SATURDAY EVENING FOR MISSISSIPPI. California Girls "California Girls" is a song by the American rock group The Beach Boys. Upon its release in summer 1965 the song hit #3 on "Billboard Hot 100". The song was covered and sampled by other artists. It was the inspiration for the similar titled "California Gurls", performed by Katy Perry. The song is about young women on the beaches in the state of California. Purr by Katy Perry Purr is a fragrance created by singer Katy Perry. Her love for cats gave her the idea to create this perfume and its design. The perfume comes in many scents. It was released in November 2010. It comes in cat-shaped bottles. In the United States, it can only be bought at Nordstrom. Cole's Hill Cole's Hill is the site of the first cemetery used by the Pilgrims in Plymouth Colony. This is where they buried those who died in the winter of 1620-1621. Many were buried in secret and at night and corn was planted over their graves. This was to prevent the Native Americans from knowing how many of them had died. The hill is named after John Cole who built a house there in 1697. During the American Revolutionary War and again during the War of 1812 cannon were placed there behind earthworks to protect the town. The hill is located on Carver Street. It is across the street from Plymouth Rock. Cole's Hill was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960. On the top of the hill is a statue of Massasoit, who befriended the Pilgrims. There is also a monument to the Pilgrims who died during the winter of 1620-21. Cracker Jack Cracker Jack is a brand of snack food that is made of molasses-flavored candy-coated popcorn and peanuts. The food is packaged with a prize of very minor value inside. Some food historians consider Cracker Jack the first junk food. An early version of Cracker Jack was sold at the first Chicago World's Fair in 1893. In 1896, the first lot of Cracker Jack was made. A taster remarked, "That's crackerjack!" (meaning "of excellent quality"). It became the product name. Neonatal diabetes mellitus Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a type of diabetes. It happens during the first 6 months of human life. Infants with this condition do not produce enough insulin. This causes an increase of blood sugar. NDM is often mistaken for the much more common Type 1 diabetes, although type 1 often happens after the first 6 months of life. In almost 60% of those with NDM, this condition lasts their whole life. Symptoms of NDM include thirst, frequent urination and dehydration. Most fetuses with NDM do not grow properly in the uterus. Newborns are much smaller than most other newborns. After birth, many babies do not gain enough weight or grow as rapidly as other babies. Rosacea Rosacea is a chronic facial condition that is characterized through acne and redness. It can happen to people of any age. It gets worse if left untreated. There are four types of rosacea, three involving human skin and the fourth affecting eyes. Rosacea affects mostly Caucasians, though some other races can be affected. Rosacea affects both males and females. Females are three times more likely than males to get rosacea. Things that can cause rosacea are exposure of the face to extreme temperature, the heat of sunlight, severe sunburn, stress, anxiety, alcohol and spicy foods. Most people with rosacea have only mild redness and are never officially diagnosed or treated. Pimple Pimples (also called zits) are a type of acne. They are caused by oil getting trapped in the pores of the skin. Pimples often happen during adolescence or puberty. Practicing good hygiene is essential, but even that might not prevent all pimples. Root vegetable Root vegetables are any root of plant, which is used as vegetables. In this context the term "root" is used to refer to an underground part of the plant. This is not necessarily its root, in the biological sense. Examples of root vegetables are carrots, onions, poi, potatoes and sweet potatoes, radishes, turnips, and yams. Periwinkle Periwinkle may refer to: The common name of plants in two genera in the family Apocynaceae: What is the point of learning Ur (supercontinent) UR was a supercontinent, on the Earth, that formed 3.1 billion years ago in the early Archaean eon (during the Mesoarchaean era). It might have been the oldest continent on Earth, half a billion years older than Arctica. However, one other supercontinent, Vaalbara, may have come before Ur. Vaalbara might have formed about 3.6 billion years ago. Ur joined with the continents Nena and Atlantica about 1 billion years ago to form the supercontinent Rodinia. Ur had survived as a single unit, until it was separated when the supercontinent Pangaea broke apart into Laurasia and Gondwana. Lifetime. Rocks that made up Ur are now parts of Africa, Australia, and India. In the early period of Ur's existence, it was probably the only continent on Earth. Therefore, scientists call Ur a supercontinent, even though it was probably smaller than Australia is now. Today's New Zealand is similar to Ur, but rotated 90 degrees out of phase, and about too far south. When Ur was the only continent on Earth, all other land was in the form of small granite islands and small land-masses like Vaalbara, which were not large enough to be continents. Afet İnan Ayşe Afet İnan (October 30, 1908 – June 8, 1985) was a Turkish historian and sociologist. She was an adopted daughter of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Afet İnan was born to İsmail Hakkı Uzmay and his wife Şehzane Hanım in 29 November 1908 in Salonica Vilayet, Ottoman Empire. In 1935, Afet İnan went to Switzerland again and studied as a student at the University of Geneva between 1936 and 1938. In 1950, she became a professor at the University of Ankara. She was one of the prominent historians of Turkish history. She was a leading member of the Turkish Historical Society. She died in June 8, 1985 in Ankara, Turkey. 1931 Belize hurricane The 1931 Belize hurricane was a severe tropical cyclone that took place in September 1931. It killed more than twenty-five hundred in Central America, including Belize (called British Honduras at that time). The hurricane struck Belize City with winds near 135 miles per hour. The storm hit on September 10, and then traveled westward over the Yucatán Peninsula of eastern Mexico. It later weakened over the Bay of Campeche, made its final landfall near the northern Mexico-south central Texas border, and then died. Squanto Squanto (or Tisquantum, 1580? – November 1622) was a Native American who helped the Pilgrims survive in the New World. He learned to speak English and was hired as a guide and interpreter. He taught the Pilgrims to plant corn. Squanto had much power among the Native Americans and the Pilgrims. He abused it, and barely escaped an Indian execution. He died in 1622 while making a trip around Cape Cod. Early life. Squanto was born around 1580 in the area of present day Plymouth, Massachusetts. He was a member of the Paxutet people. Little is known about his early life. Squanto is thought to have been kidnapped as a young boy along the coast of Maine, and taken to England in 1605. He was taught English. He was hired as a guide and interpreter. He returned to his homeland with John Smith in 1614. Kidnapping. In 1614, Squanto and 23 other Indians were kidnapped by a lieutenant under Smith. This lieutenant sold him and the rest of the Indians as slaves in Malaga, Spain. Many historians have disputed what happened in this period of his life, as there is no written record. One theory is that once the Spanish found out these slaves were from the New World, Spanish friars rescued the remaining Indians, including Squanto, by purchasing them. They sent him on his way to England. It is not known what happened to the others. This is where he was taught English and the ways of the white man. He was employed by John Slaney of the Newfoundland Company, and was sent to Newfoundland around 1617, as an interpreter. He returned to his homeland in North America in 1619. Plymouth Colony. Upon Squanto's arrival, he discovered his people had been wiped out by disease; he was the sole survivor of the Paxutet people. The Wampanoag people adopted him, although not without hesitation. The chief, Massasoit was suspicious of Squanto due to his exposure with the white man and his new ability to speak their language. He knew Squanto's knowledge of English would help with trade, so he kept him. In the spring of 1620, the Mayflower made landfall in Cape Cod, then mainland. They set camp on the same grounds of Squanto's people—they called this colony, Plymouth. After the harsh conditions of winter, about half of the colonists died. In the spring of 1621, an Indian who made friend with the English settlers, Samoset took Squanto to the Pilgrim settlement of Plymouth. Samoset could only speak broken English, while Squanto was seen as a master. Squanto was soon living with the people of Plymouth. He joined them in meeting with Indian tribes. He helped to keep the peace. Tradition says he taught the Pilgrims to catch eels. William Bradford wrote that Squanto was of great help in the first year's spring planting of corn. He showed the Pilgrims both how to plant it and how to tend it. He showed them how to use fish as a fertilizer. Over the year, Squanto's power went to his head. He told the natives that he had the power to send the white man's plague or to make them attack.This was one of many shady deals he conducted with both the Pilgrims and the natives. He was found out, and barely escaped an Indian execution. Death. In November 1622, Squanto fell ill with a fever while on a trip around Cape Cod with William Bradford. He may have been poisoned by the Wampanoag. He bled at the nose, and said it was a certain sign of death. He asked Bradford to pray to the Christian god so he might enter Heaven. He gave some gifts to others. He died a few days later in what is now Chatham, Massachusetts. Movie. A Disney movie loosely based on Squanto's Life, "", was released a year before "Pocahontas". Philippe Coutinho Philippe Coutinho Correia (born 12 June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a Brazilian professional footballer. He plays for Spanish club Barcelona and the Brazil national team. He plays as an attacking midfielder or winger. Career. Club. Coutinho started his career at Vasco da Gama in Brazil. He joined Italian side Internazionale of Serie A in 2008. From there, he was loaned to Vasco da Gama and Espanyol in La Liga. In January 2013, he signed for Premier League club Liverpool for £8.5m. In 2018, he signed for FC Barcelona for £142m. International. Coutinho has played for the Brazil national team since 2010. He played for them during the 2015 Copa América, the Copa América Centenario, and during the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifiers (CONMEBOL). Blue Slide Park Blue Slide Park is the first studio album by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released on November 8, 2011, by Rostrum Records. In July 2011, the title was announced. The album was named after a section of Frick Park (which is known as "Blue Slide Park") in Pittsburgh. The park section is at the corner of Beechwood Blvd and Nicholson Street. That is just two blocks from Taylor Allderdice High School where Miller attended. The album cover was designed by his older brother Miller McCormick and Redtape Design. Track listing. Notes Rancho Mirage, California Rancho Mirage is a resort city in Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 17,218 at the 2010 census, up from 13,249 at the 2000 census. The seasonal (part-time) population can surpass 20,000. Many famous people lived here including Frank Sinatra, Bob Hope, Fred Astaire, Ginger Rogers, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, Queen Elizabeth II, and Tom Bosley. Paterson, New Jersey Paterson is a city in and the county seat of Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. It is located in the New York City Metropolitan Area. Alexander Hamilton and several other men started the town in 1791 to build watermills. As of the 2010 United States Census, its population was 146,199. Former New Jersey Senator Frank Lautenberg and U.S Representative Bill Pascrell were born there. Jim Gaffigan James Christopher "Jim" Gaffigan (born July 7, 1966) is an American actor and stand-up comedian. He is known for his roles in "Beyond the Pale", "That '70s Show", "My Boys" and in "Chappaquiddick". Gaffigan was born on July 7, 1966 in Elgin, Illinois. He was raised in Chesterton, Indiana. He studied at La Lumiere School, at Purdue University, and at Georgetown University. Gaffigan has been married to Jeannie Noth since 2003. They have five children. John Wooden John Robert Wooden (October 14, 1910 – June 4, 2010) was an American basketball player and coach. Nicknamed the "Wizard of Westwood", he won ten NCAA national championships in a 12-year period—seven in a row. Wooden was named a member of the Basketball Hall of Fame as a player (inducted in 1961) and as a coach (in 1973), the first person ever to be in both categories. He was a Democrat. Wooden was born on October 14, 1910 in Hall, Indiana. He studied at Purdue University. Wooden was married to Nellie Riley from 1932 until her death in 1985. They had two children. Wooden died on June 4, 2010 in Los Angeles, California from natural causes, aged 99 . Dani Harmer Dani Harmer (born 8 February 1989) is an English actress, best known for her portrayal as Tracy Beaker in "The Story of Tracy Beaker" and "Tracy Beaker Returns". She was an extra in "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone". She is also a singer-songwriter. She released a single called "Free". Harmer also appeared on appeared on "Strictly Come Dancing" in 2012. Burial Hill Burial Hill is a cemetery in Plymouth, Massachusetts. It dates to the 1620s. "Mayflower" passengers are buried here including William Bradford and William Brewster. Pierre Mauroy Pierre Mauroy (5 July 1928 – 7 June 2013) was a French Socialist Party politician who was Prime Minister of France from 1981 to 1984 under President François Mitterrand. Mauroy also served as Mayor of Lille from 1973 to 2001. At the time of his death Mauroy was the emeritus mayor of the city of Lille. Mauroy was born on 5 July 1928 in Cartignies, Nord, France. He studied at École Normale Nationale d'Apprentissage and at the Institut d'études politiques de Paris. Mauroy was married to Gilberte Deboudt from 1951 until his death in 2013. They had one son. Mauroy died on 7 June 2013 in Paris, France from lung cancer, aged 84. Willi Sitte Willi Sitte (28 February 1921 – 8 June 2013) was a German painter. For a long time, he was the president of the East German association of visual artists. Sitte was born on 28 February 1921 in Kratzau, Bohemia, Czechoslovakia to German parents. He was never married and had no children. Sitte died on 8 June 2013 in Halle, Germany from natural causes, aged 92. 1919 Florida Keys hurricane The Florida Keys Hurricane of 1919 was a strong hurricane in September 1919. It killed more than 770 people. It moved through the Florida Keys and southern Texas. It was the first such storm to cause a lot of damage in Corpus Christi, Texas. This storm did $22 million in damage. In Texas alone, the official number of deaths was 286, but it may have been closer to 600. The winds were around Category 3 level between Brownsville and Corpus Christi. They were at Category 4 levels over the Florida Keys. Myles Standish Burial Ground The Myles Standish Burial Ground (also known as Old Burying Ground or Standish Cemetery) is a cemetery in Duxbury, Massachusetts. Myles Standish and other Pilgrims are buried here. Hurricane Easy (1950) Hurricane Easy was a powerful Atlantic hurricane in September 1950. It struck Cuba, Florida and then turned inland, eventually dying over Arkansas. The peak winds of Hurricane Easy were 125 mph, at which time this storm was at Category 3 level. The cyclone struck near Cedar Key, Florida on September 5 and well north of Tampa again the following day. No direct deaths came from the storm, although two indirect deaths did take place. 1947 Fort Lauderdale hurricane The Fort Lauderdale Hurricane of 1947 was a very intense Atlantic hurricane. It affected the Bahamas, southern Florida and the Gulf Coast of the United States. The hurricane struck the Bahamas September 16, 1947, and Florida on September 18. In Florida, between 12 and 19 people died. On September 18 and 19 the storm cut into Louisiana. It also affected Mississippi. Thirty four people died from this hurricane in the Gulf Coast. 51 people died. The storm's winds reached 160 miles per hour, making this hurricane a Category 5. Guillain–Barré syndrome Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), sometimes Landry's paralysis or Guillain–Barré–Strohl syndrome is a syndrome that causes weakness of the feet and hands. Guillain–Barré syndrome is rare, at 1–2 cases per 100,000 people annually, but is the most common cause of acute non-trauma-related paralysis. The syndrome is named after the French physicians Georges Guillain and Jean Alexandre Barré, who described it in 1916. Henry Samson Henry Samson (c. 1603 – 1685) was a passenger on the "Mayflower" in 1620. Samson was baptized in Henlow, Bedfordshire, England on 15 January 1603/04. He was a son of James Samson and his wife Martha (Cooper) Samson. At about sixteen, Henry Samson sailed on the Mayflower in the company of his aunt and uncle Ann (Cooper) Tilley and Edward Tilley and a cousin, Humility Cooper. The Tilleys died in the winter of 1620-21. Samson and Cooper were cared for by other families, but which ones are not known. Samson was active in Plymouth Colony. He received land grants, volunteered for the Pequot War of 1637, and did jury duty. He married Anne Plummer on 6 February 1635/6 in Plymouth. They had nine children between about 1638 and about 1654. He died on 3 January 1685. His wife died before him, date unknown. Both were buried in Cole's Hill Burial Ground in Plymouth. Substitutionary atonement Substitutionary atonement is an important part of Christianity. Christians believe that Jesus was crucified in the place of sinners- he was a substitute, meaning that he took the place of the sinners. Paul Cellucci Argeo Paul Cellucci (April 24, 1948 – June 8, 2013) was an American politician and diplomat. He was the 69th Governor of Massachusetts and United States Ambassador to Canada. Early life. Cellucci was born on April 24, 1948 in Hudson, Massachusetts. He studied at Boston College Law School and the private Hudson Catholic High School. Cellucci was married to Jan Cellucci until his death in 2013. They had two children. Career. On November 3, 1998, Paul Cellucci was elected as Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, narrowly defeating Democratic attorney general Scott Harshbarger. He had successfully fought off a challenge from State Treasurer Joe Malone in the September primary. He was sworn in as the 69th Governor of Massachusetts on January 7, 1999. On April 10, 2001, Cellucci resigned to become U.S. Ambassador to Canada, being appointed by President George W. Bush. This made him the second consecutive Massachusetts governor to resign in order to assume an ambassadorship: his predecessor William Weld resigned after being nominated to be Ambassador to Mexico by President Bill Clinton. (Weld was never confirmed by the United States Senate, however, and hence never was Ambassador.) In 2008, Cellucci has said that after thirty-five years in public service he had no intention of seeking further office, and that while he had no interest in serving as Vice President, he did not exclusively rule it out. He supported John McCain's candidacy for president in 2008. Death. On January 6, 2011, Cellucci announced his amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diagnosis, and that it was progressing relatively slowly. Cellucci died on June 8, 2013 in Hudson, Massachusetts from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, aged 65. Sacrifice A sacrifice is giving something up. In many religions, it usually is about giving something to God or gods. Many Pagan peoples made human sacrifices and animal sacrifices. The Greek play "Iphigenia" by Euripides contains an example of this. In the Old Testament, Jewish people followed the laws about animal sacrifices in the book of Leviticus. Cows and pigeons were killed to make atonement with God. In the New Testament, Christ's death on the cross is seen as substitutionary atonement for sin. Iphigenia Iphigenia is the daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra in Greek myth. She is a heroine in plays by Euripides and Jean Racine. Ground blizzard A ground blizzard is where snow or ice on the ground is lifted and blown around by strong winds. Unlike a regular blizzard, there is no snow or ice falling at the time. Instead, the snow or ice is already on the ground, being lifted by strong winds. Like a regular blizzard, a ground blizzard can lower visibility and make driving hard to do. Andy Kaufman Andrew Geoffrey "Andy" Kaufman (January 17, 1949 – May 16, 1984) was an American entertainer, comedian, actor, and singer. Kaufman was known for his role as Latka Gravas in the comedy television series "Taxi" and for creating Tony Clifton, a fictional character. Kaufman was born in New York City to a Jewish family. He was raised in Great Neck, Long Island, New York. Kaufman studied at Grahm Junior College. He was never married and had no children. Kaufman died on May 16, 1984 in West Hollywood, California from a rare case of lung cancer, aged 35. He was buried at Beth David Cemetery, Elmont, New York. Kaufman allegedly told many people—including Bob Zmuda—that he wished to fake his own death. This had caused some fans to believe Kaufman was still alive when he died. Kaufman himself said that if he were to fake his death, he would return 20 years later, which would have been in 2004. Many of Kaufman's fans saw a picture that looks similar to that of Andy. There is a website related to this theory, and, recently, "a grainy video has surfaced that purports to show Kaufman living under an assumed name in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Richard Ramirez Ricardo Leyva Muñoz Ramirez, known as Richard Ramirez (February 29, 1960 – June 7, 2013) was an American serial killer, and burglar who died while awaiting execution on California's death row. He killed 13 people, tried to kill 5 people,and burglarized 14 buildings. He was captured on August 31, 1985. Ramirez was born on February 29, 1960 in El Paso, Texas. He was raised in Los Angeles, California. In 1996, Ramirez married Doreen Lioy when he was in prison. Ramirez died of lymphoma at Marin General Hospital in Greenbrae, California on the morning of June 7, 2013. He was 53 years old. At the time of his death, Ramirez had been on death row for more than 23 years, awaiting execution by the state of California. Hurricane Edouard (1996) Hurricane Edouard was the strongest hurricane in 1996. Its winds reached 145 miles an hour. Edouard was at major hurricane status for around eight days. The storm was originally forecast to slam the Northeastern United States. It was much less severe there. Edouard generated strong waves that killed two people on the coastal shore of New Jersey. The southeast coast of Massachusetts received minor hurricane force winds that caused minimal damage on Nantucket Island. The name Edouard was not retired due to lack of serious damage. The name was used again in the 2002, 2008 and 2014 Atlantic hurricane seasons, and will be again during 2020. Hook echo A hook echo is a hook shape seen on a weather radar of some supercell thunderstorms. It is produced by rain, hail, or even debris wrapping around the thunderstorm. A hook echo is a sign that a tornado has formed or is forming. If a hook echo is seen on radar, the National Weather Service may issue a tornado warning. Hurricane Lili (1996) Hurricane Lili of 1996 was an intense storm. It caused over $662 million in damage and killed 22 people. It caused much damage in Central America, Cuba, Bahamas and United Kingdom. It also brushed southwestern Florida, but damage there was minimal. Winds of Lili peaked at 115 mph. Despite the heavy damage, the name Lili was not discontinued (retired) in the Spring of 1997. Érik Bédard Érik Joseph Bédard (born March 6, 1979 in Navan, Ontario) is a Canadian baseball player. As of 2013, he is a pitcher for the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball. Career. He made his MLB debut for the Baltimore Orioles on April 17, 2002. He played for the Orioles in 2002 but suffered an elbow ligament injury that forced him to have operations on it and set his development back 18 months. After he spent most of the 2003 season in rehab, he returned to baseball. On July 7, he struck out 15 Texas Rangers, which matched the Orioles franchise record that was set by Mike Mussina. His 15 strikeouts also set the record for the most in a game by a Canadian player. He earned the American League Pitcher of the month award in that month. On February 8, 2008, he was traded to the Seattle Mariners in a 5-for-1 deal which sent outfielder Adam Jones and pitchers George Sherrill, Tony Butler, Chris Tillman and Kam Mickolio. He played for the Mariners from 2008 to 2009 and again in 2011. On July 31, 2011, he was traded along with minor league pitcher Josh Fields to the Boston Red Sox for minor league outfielders Trayvon Robinson and Chih-Hsien Chiang as part of a three team deal with the Los Angeles Dodgers and Seattle Mariners. He played for the Red Sox in 2011. He was then signed by the Pittsburgh Pirates to a one-year, $4.5 million contract on December 7, 2011. He was released by the Pirates in August after he had 7 wins, 14 losses and an ERA of 5.02 in 24 starts. On January 21, 2013, the Houston Astros signed him to a minor-league deal. Hurricane Chantal (1989) Hurricane Chantal was a moderate hurricane that struck eastern Texas on August 1, 1989. It was Category 1 under the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. It caused thirteen deaths and $100 million in damage in Texas and Louisiana. Near the end of its life, Chantal caused some flooding in the Chicago metropolitan area. 32 fouettés en tournant 32 fouettés en tournant is a movement in classical ballet. It is 32 "fouettés en tournant" performed without stopping. Movement. One "fouetté rond de jambe en tournant" is an action where the dancer stands for a moment on flat foot with the supporting knee bent as the other "working" leg is whipped around to the side, creating the impetus to spin one turn. The working leg is then pulled in to touch the supporting knee as the dancer rises up "en pointe" on the supporting foot. History. 32 fouettés were first performed by Pierina Legnani in Marius Petipa's "Cinderella" in 1893. Konstantin Skalkovsky, the dance critic for the "St. Petersburg Gazette", went to the first performance of "Cinderella". He reported that "...in the last act Legnani positively outdid herself. When Emma Bessone danced the lead in "The Haarlem Tulip" she did 14 fouettés. In her variation Legnani performed 32 of them without stopping, and without travelling one inch! The public delightedly applauded the Ballerina and compelled her to repeat this variation as well. On the repetition she nevertheless did 28 fouettés. To count them became the favourite occupation of the public." Legnani repeated this feat again in many other ballets during her career. She performed them as Odile in the "Black Swan Pas de Deux" from "Swan Lake" (1895). Zephyrus Zephyrus is the West Wind in Greek mythology. He is married to Iris and their child is Pothus. Alfonso Cabello Alfonso Cabello Llamas (born September 19, 1993 in Córdoba) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a disability: He is a C5 type athlete. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the first person to finish in the C 4-5 1 kilometer race. Miguel Ángel Clemente Solano Miguel Angel Clemente Solano (born December 19, 1969 in Murcia) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a disability: He is blind. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the third person to finish in the men's visually impaired team pursuit race. Maurice Far Eckhard Tió Maurice Far Eckhard Tio (born July 26, 1983 in Barcelona) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a C2 type athlete. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the third person to finish in the C2 road trial race. Johnson County, Iowa Johnson County is in the US state of Iowa. Its county seat and main city is Iowa City, where the University of Iowa is. Over 130,000 people live in this county. María Ángeles Fernández Lebrato María Angeles Fernandez Lebrato (born September 12, 1970 in Valladolid) is a cyclist and swimmer from Spain. She has a disability: She is blind and is an B2/S12 type athlete. She competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in swimming. She was the second swimmer to finish in the 200 meter one person medley and the 100 meter freestyle. She was the third swimmer to finish in the 50 meter freestyle race, 400 meter freestyle race and the 4 x 100 medley Relay 49 Points race. She competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in cycling. Juan José Méndez Juan José Méndez Fernandez (born March 27, 1964 in Barcelona) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a disability: He is a C1 type athlete. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the number three cyclists to finish in the Road Trial LC4 race. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the number two cyclists to finish in the Road Trial LC4 race. He was the number three cyclists to finish in the Individual Pursuit track LC4 race. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling. César Neira Pérez Cesar Neira Perez (born December 15, 1979 in Cadalso de Los Vidrios, Madrid) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a C4 type athlete. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the number one cyclists to finish in the Road Trial race. He was the number three cyclists to finish in the Individual Pursuit track race. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling. John Turner John Napier Wyndham Turner (June 7, 1929 – September 18, 2020) was a Canadian politician. He was the 17th Prime Minister of Canada from June 30 to September 17, 1984. He was the leader of the Liberal Party. He was born in Surrey, England. He and his mother moved to British Columbia in 1932 when his father died. Turner was elected as a member of Parliament in 1962. He held several positions in Cabinet, including minister of justice and minister of finance under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau from 1968 to 1975. He resigned his ministry in 1975, and took a break from politics until 1984. During this time, he worked as a lawyer in Toronto. In 1984, Turner returned and successfully ran for the leadership of the Liberal Party. Turner held the office of Prime Minister for just 79 days. Immediately after being sworn in as Prime Minister, he dissolved Parliament and called for new elections. He lost that election by a wide margin. Turner remained as leader of the Liberal Party, and was the Leader of the Opposition for the next six years. His party slightly recovered in the 1988 election. Turner resigned as Opposition leader in 1990, and retired from politics in 1993. He worked as a lawyer he stopped being a politician. Turner died on September 18, 2020 in Toronto at the age of 91. Iulia Motoc Iulia Motoc (born 20 April 1967 in Timişoara) is a Romanian international law professor. From 2010 to 2014, she was a judge at the Constitutional Court of Romania. She was also a member of the Human Rights Committee for many years. She graduated from the School of Law at the University of Bucharest. In October 2013, she was made a judge at the European Court of Human Rights. In January she started her mandate as Judge at the European Court of Human Rights Personal life. She is married to Mihnea Motoc (Permanent representative for Romanian to the EU). They have one child. Mihnea Motoc Mihnea Motoc (born 11 November 1966, in Bucharest) is the Deputy Head, European political Strategy Centre, European Commission. He was the Ministry of National Defense of Romania from 2015-2017. Career. Motoc has been a Romanian diplomat since 1990. Since then most of the time he spent in post around the world. In 2003, he joined the United Nations as a permanent representative of Romania. In 2008 he went to Brussels to be a permanent representative of Romania to the European Union. In 2013 he has been awarded the "Nicolae Titulescu" prize at "Gala Premiilor Marii Loji Naţionale din Romania" for his diplomatic activity. Personal life. He is married to Constitutional Court of Romania judge Iulia Motoc and they have one child. Tudorel Toader Tudorel Toader (born 25 March 1960, in Vulturu, Vrancea) is a Romanian lawyer. Since 2006, he has been a judge at the Constitutional Court of Romania. He was nominated to be a judge by the Chamber of Deputies. Between 1982 and 1986, he studied at The Law University at "Al.I. Cuza" Iași. Donna Williams Donna Leanne Williams (born Donna Keene; 12 October 1963 – 22 April 2017) was an Australian singer-songwriter, author and artist. In 1991, she was officially diagnosed as autistic. She wrote four autobiography books: "Nobody Nowhere", "Somebody Somewhere", "Like Colour to the Blind" and "Everyday Heaven". She also wrote several books on autistic spectrum conditions. Autism rights movement The autism rights movement is a social movement that wants changes for autistic people and their caregivers. It wants the autism spectrum to be accepted by society as just a difference in ability to function in daily life. It does not believe autism is a mental disorder that needs to be cured. The autism rights movement is sometimes controversial. It argues against the belief that most people with autism have low intelligence. Some people in the movement do not agree that this is true. There is fear that professionals, such as social workers, may try to prevent autistics from being married or having children. Also, people in the movement say that autistic people should not be treated differently from anyone else. The movement has a variety of goals: Autism rights activists are sometimes called neurodiversity activists. Neurodiversity is a word for how everyone's brains are different. Autistic people have different brains to people who do not have autism. People who do not have autism are called neurotypical people. The word 'neurodiversity' is preferred to 'autism' because it is not saying that autism is a medical condition. 'Neurotypical' is said instead of 'normal' because people think that normal means better. Kids Incorporated Kids Incorporated, also called "Kids Inc.", was an American children's television program sitcom. The show had children with musical talent in every episode. The show was about singers/dancers and adolescents who had their own dance, rap and dance-rock pop band and group who cover songs, Kids Incorporated. They dealt with subjects like peer pressure and child abuse. The pilot was recorded in August 31, 1983. It was released on VHS in 1985. The show began in September 1, 1984. The cast members were between eight and seventeen years old. Season 1 was aired on ABC, NBC, Nickelodeon, TBS Superstation, and CBS in 1984-1985. Season 2 was aired on CBN Cable Network and Nickelodeon in 1985-1986. Seasons 3-9 were aired on The Disney Channel in 1986-1994. In 1984-1987, in seasons 1-3, Andrea Paige Wilson appeared as the 11-14 year old dancer and with Wendy Brainard as a 13-15 year old dancer. In 1985-1989, in seasons 2-5, Gina Marie Vinaccia appeared as a 10-14 year old dancer. In 1988-1989, in seasons 5-6, Kimberly Duncan appeared as a maybe 10-12 year old dancer. In 1991, Fergie had a cameo appearance in the season 7 episode "A New Twist". In 2016, season 10 will be aired on Disney Channel, Cartoon Network, Nickelodeon, and TeenNick. Seasons 1-10 will be re-aired or rerun on Disney Channel, Disney XD, TeenNick, Nickelodeon and Cartoon Network. Oral cancer Oral cancer is cancer of any part of the mouth. It can start in the mouth, lips, or the oropharynx (the part of the throat at the back of the mouth). A person can get oral cancer without having any other type of cancer. However, oral cancer can also happen because of "metastasis". This means that the person had cancer in some other part of their body, and it spread to the mouth. The person's cancer may be far away from the mouth, or it may be in a part of the body that neighbors the mouth. For example, if a person has cancer of the nasal cavity, the cancer can spread to the mouth. Types of Oral Cancers. There are a few different types of oral cancers. But about 90% (9 in every 10 cases) are a type called squamous cell carcinomas. Squamous cells make up the main part of the outer layer of the skin. These cells line the lips, mouth, and throat. A "carcinoma" is a type of cancer that can start in these cells in the skin. Squamous cell carcinomas most often start in the tongue. But they can also start in any other part of the mouth, including the floor of the mouth (under the tongue); the inside lining of the cheek; the gums; the lips; or the palate (the roof of the mouth). Other oral cancers include: Zil Çalınca Zil Çalınca (), is a Turkish television series. "Zil Çalınca" broadcast on the television channel Disney Channel Turkey. George Soule George Soule (ca. 1602 - 1679) was a passenger on the "Mayflower" in 1620. He was a servant of Edward Winslow. In Plymouth, he married Mary (Buckett?). They had 9 children. Soule moved to Duxbury and acquired much property. He served in the Pequot War. He served as a deputy for Duxbury, and was a member of several town committees. He died in 1679. He was buried in the Myles Standish Burial Ground, Duxbury, Massachusetts. Julius Caesar (movie) Julius Caesar is a 1953 movie based on the play by Shakespeare. It stars John Gielgud as Cassius, James Mason as Brutus, and Marlon Brando as Antony. Gielgud and Brando both won BAFTA awards for Best Actor (British actor, Foreign actor). Greer Garson played Calpurnia, and Deborah Kerr played Portia. The movie was directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz. The movie received very good reviews. It won the Academy Award for Best Art Direction. It also won two BAFTA awards for Best British Actor (John Gielgud) and Best Foreign Actor (Marlon Brando). Water scarcity Water scarcity is a lack of fresh water. For us, and most land animals, fresh water is drinkable, and sea water is not. This is because sea water has a high salt content, which we and most land animals cannot deal with. The need is not just for fresh water, but for "clean water". That usually means water which is free of parasites and general dust and dirt. When the English engineer Joseph Bazalgette found out how to keep water free of cholera, he did a great thing. It was followed by British engineers designing waterworks in many countries round the world. Unfortunately, one effect of population growth has been to increase the demand for fresh water beyond the scope of these original water systems. So it is not just fresh water which is needed, but clean water without harmful bacteria and parasites. There are arid and desert areas, and places where the water is too polluted to drink. It is a social, environmental and economic problem in many countries. The situation has been made worse by population growth and industrial uses of water. Global warming tends to increase the need for fresh water for all land animals, including humans. Therefore, water scarcity may be the result of both human and natural causes. Changes in climate and weather patterns can cause the availability of water to drop. Common human causes include over-consumption, bad governance, pollution, and increases in the demand for water. Types. Different terms are used to describe different types of water scarcity: Estimates. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that by 2025, 1.9 billion people will be living in countries or regions with total water scarcity, and two-thirds of the world population could be under stress conditions. The World Bank has said that climate change could heavily change the future of water availability and use, and therefore increase water stress on a global scale. Negative effects. Fresh water scarcity has negative effects on ecology, biodiversity, agriculture and human health. It has also led to armed conflicts in several cases. Some countries upriver have built dams to satisfy their needs for drinking water, irrigation and electric power. These needs have grown as populations has grown, and as climate changes has reduced rain in some places. Down river from the dam, supply is usually reduced. This creates tension between countries. The River Jordan in the Middle East, and the Nile are two good examples of where this is happening. A Star Is Born A Star is Born is a 1954 musical movie starring James Mason and Judy Garland. It was directed by George Cukor. In 2000, the movie was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper starred in the 2018 remake movie. Iain Banks Iain Menzies Banks (16 February 1954 – 9 June 2013) was a Scottish writer. He wrote fiction under the name Iain Banks. When he wrote science fiction books he wrote his name as Iain M. Banks. He was known for his book "The Wasp Factory". Banks was born on 16 February 1954 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland. He studied at University of Stirling. Banks was married to Annie Banks from 1992 until they separated in 2007. Then he was married to Adele Hartley from March 2013 until his death. He had no children. Banks died on 9 June 2013 from gallbladder cancer after being diagnosed in early April. He was 59 years old. The Little Colonel The Little Colonel is a 1935 movie. It was directed by David Butler. The screenplay by William M. Conselman was adapted from a book of the same name by Annie Fellows Johnston. The movie features the famous staircase dance by Temple and Robinson. Response. Andre Sennwald in his "New York Times" review of March 22, 1935 wrote, "[a]ll adrip with magnolia whimsy and vast, unashamed portions of synthetic Dixie atmosphere". He further wrote that the movie was "so ruthless in its exploitation of Miss Temple's great talent for infant charm that it seldom succeeds in being properly lively and gay". He finished his review noting the audience applauded for a full eleven seconds after the final fade-out, and that the movie "ought to bring out the best in every one who sees it." Curly Top Curly Top is a 1935 musical movie starring Shirley Temple. It was directed by Irving Cummings. It is loosely based on the 1912 children's book "Daddy-Long-Legs" by Jean Webster. The movie tells the story of an orphan adopted by a rich man. Temple introduced one of her signature songs, "Animal Crackers in My Soup", in the movie. "Curly Top" was a box office hit, but it was banned in Denmark for unspecified "corruption". In China, Madame Chiang Kai-shek asked for repeated private showings. The Little Princess The Little Princess is a 1939 movie. It was directed by Walter Lang. It stars Shirley Temple. It is loosely based on the book "A Little Princess" by Frances Hodgson Burnett. It was the first Shirley Temple movie to be filmed completely in Technicolor. It was also her last major success as a child star. Story. Captain Crewe is called to fight in the Second Boer War. He leaves his daughter Sara at Miss Minchin's School for Girls. One day, his lawyer arrives in the school with news that Captain Crewe has died and his real estate has been confiscated. Sara is now a poor orphan. She becomes a servant in the school. Sara tires of her servant duties. She sneaks off to Veterans Hospital, convinced her father is not dead. She finds him wounded. They reunite joyfully. Response. According to "Variety", "Transposition of the Frances Hodgson Burnett several-generation favorite, Sara Crewe, is accomplished most successfully. The fairy-tale story is still saccharine to the nth degree, but once the basic premise is established, it rolls along acceptably. And, while the story has been changed for screen purposes, the general line is close enough." Benjamin R. Crisler reviewed the film when it opened in New York City at the Roxy Theatre. He wrote, "With any other child on earth, it is amazing to reflect, "The Little Princess" would stand out as one of the most glaring exhibits of pure hokum in screen history; with Mistress Temple, it may very well be, as Mr. Zanuck unflinchingly proclaims, the greatest picture with which Mr. Zanuck has ever been associated." Janet Maslin, writing for "The New York Times" 44 years later, called it "antiquated enough to seem charming" and concludes "[t]he movie's music, its corny but likable histrionics and its rousing patriotism (it was made in 1939) culminate in a happy ending sure to make even grown-up viewers cry." Gouache Gouache, also spelled guache, is a type of paint. It is also commonly called poster paint. It comprises pigment, a binding agent (usually gum arabic), and some additives to make it opaque. An inert white pigment such as chalk is usually added. Gouache covers up whatever is underneath. Water colours, in contrast, are somewhat transparent. After gouache has dried, any form of paint can be used on the surface, also pastels and crayons. Watercolours on top of a gouache surface are not so runny (fluid) as they are on plain paper. The fast-drying quality of gouache makes it a favourite for "en plein air" (outdoor) paintings. It was also a favourite of J. M. W. Turner. Gouache also refers to paintings that use this type of paint. Acrylic paint Acrylic paint is a fast-drying paint containing pigment in an acrylic polymer emulsion. Acrylic paints can be diluted with water, but are water-resistant when dry. Depending on how much the paint is diluted (with water) or modified with acrylic gels, media, or pastes, the finished acrylic painting can resemble a watercolor or an oil painting, or have its own unique appearance. Acrylic paint can give a much brighter, more vivid colour than oil paints. It has been much used in modern art, and is cheaper than oil paint, which is rather an expensive material. When dry, acrylic paint usually cannot be removed from a solid surface. The Drying time of Acrylic Paints. Galeria Acrylic: Thin color films dry in 10 to 20 minutes, whereas more significant films might take an hour or more to dry. Professional Acrylic: Thin coats dry in 20 to 30 minutes, but more significant layers might take an hour or two. History. In 1934, a German chemical company created acrylic resin. It was first used in the 1940s. Acrylics were commercially available as paint for artists in the 1950s. Later, many advances were made to acrylic paint as more and more people began using it. Christian Venge Balboa Christian Venge Balboa (born December 1, 1972 in Barcelona) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a disability: He is blind. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the third cyclist to finish in the blind men's Tandem Individual Pursuit track race. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the second cyclist to finish in the men's blind Combined Road race. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the first cyclist to finish in the Tandem Time Trial Road race. He was the second cyclists to finish in the Tandem Individual Pursuit track race. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the first cyclist to finish in the Road Trial race. José Enrique Porto Lareo Jose Enrique Porto Lareo (born October 21, 1977 in Vigo) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a disability: He is blind. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the second cyclist to finish in the blind men's 1 kilometer track race. He was the third cyclist to finish in the track speed race. Francisco Javier Suárez Regueiro Francisco Javier Suarez Regueiro (born September 10, 1977 in Asturias) is a cyclist from Spain. He has a disability: He is blind. He competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the third cyclist to finish in the Tandem Road race. Javier Otxoa Javier Otxoa Palacios (born August 30, 1974 in Vizcaya – August 24, 2018, Alhaurín de la Torre) was a cyclist from Spain. He was a race car driver before being run over by a car. After being run over by a car, he decided to be a cyclist all the time. He has a disability: He has cerebral palsy and is a C3 type cyclist. He competed at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the number 1 racer to finish in the Combined Road race. He was the number 2 cyclist in the Individual Pursuit track race. He competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in cycling. He was the number 1 racer to finish in the Road Trial race. He was the number 2 cyclist in the road race. Otxoa won two gold medals and two silver medals at the 2004 Summer Paralympics and the 2008 Summer Paralympics. Otxoa died on 24 August 2018 in Alhaurín de la Torre, Spain from sepsis at the age of 43. Sour cream Sour cream or soured cream is a food made from cream that has been fermented. It is thicker than cream, and has a sour taste from lactic acid. Sometimes when bought from a store it has gelatin, rennet, or other things added to make it thicker. Like many other dairy products, it must be kept refrigerated. Sour cream is used in many European and American foods. It is used as a sauce for baked potatoes, and as a dressing for salads. Sometimes it is in baked goods like cheesecake and doughnuts. It can be mixed with sugar to make an icing for cakes. Manuel Buendia Navarrete Manuel Buendia Navarrete (born March 28, 1957 in Girona) is a skier from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind and is a type B2 skier. He raced at the 1992 Winter Paralympics in para-alpine skiing. He was the number 2 skier in the Super Giant. He raced at the 1994 Winter Paralympics in para-alpine skiing. He was the number 2 skier in the Super Giant, Giant Slalom and Slalom. He raced at the 1998 Winter Paralympics in para-alpine skiing. Anna Cohí Anna Cohí Fornell (born October 5, 1988 in Barcelona) is a skier from Spain. She has a disability: she is blind and is a type B3 skier. She skis with Raquel Garcia Borreguero. She started skiing when she was 3 years old. Cohí raced at the 2006 Winter Paralympics and 2010 Winter Paralympics. She started competing at the IPC Alpine World Championship in 2003 when she was 15 years old. Cohí has also raced in World Cup and European Cup events and has earned gold medals in the slalom and giant slalom competitions. Raquel García Raquel Garcia Borreguero (born August 13, 1986 in Toledo, Spain) is a skier from Spain. She helps skiers who cannot see by telling them where to go on a mountain. Skiing with Anna Cohí Fornell, she has race in the European Cup, 2010 Winter Paralympics, and IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup. Garcia and Cohí skied with the Spanish national team at a training camp. Vicente García Salmeron Vicente Garcia Salmeron (born January 9, 1970 in Granada) is a skier from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind and is a type B1 skier. He raced at the 1994 Winter Paralympics in para-alpine skiing. He was the second skier to finish in the super giant race. Gabriel Gorce Gabriel Gorce Yepes (born August 2, 1990 in Madrid) is a skier from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind and is a type B2 skier. He has raced with skiers who help him go down the mountain including Aleix Suñé, Félix Aznar and Arnau Ferrer. He raced in the European Cup and the IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup, at the IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships and the 2010 Winter Paralympics. Aleix Suñé Aleix Suñé (born May 21, 1986 in Girona) is a skier from Spain. He helps skiers who cannot see by telling them where to go on a mountain. He skiied at the 2009 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships with Gabriel Gorce Yepes. He skied at the 2010 Winter Paralympics with Andrés Boira. Félix Aznar Félix Aznar is a skier from Spain. He helps skiers who cannot see by telling them where to go on a mountain. He helped Andrés Boira and Gabriel Gorce Yepes. He skied with Gorce at the 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver. He raced in the European Cup with Boria and the IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup. Marcos Manuel Llados Marcos Manuel Llados (born March 26, 1962 in Madrid) is a ski athlete from Spain. He has a disability: he cannot see. He is a B2 type skier. He ski raced at the 1992 Winter Paralympics. He was the number three skier in the giant slalom race. He ski raced at the 1994 Winter Paralympics. He was the number three skier in the super giant race. Eric Villalon Eric Villalon Fuentes (born April 30, 1973 in Barcelona) is a ski athlete from Spain. He has a disability: he cannot see. He is a B2 type skier. He ski raced at the 1998 Winter Paralympics. He was the number 1 skier in the Super Giant, Giant Slalom and Slalom. He ski raced at the 2002 Winter Paralympics. He was the number 1 skier in the Giant Slalom and Slalom. He was the number 2 skier in the Giant Slalom and Downhill. He ski raced at the 2006 Winter Paralympics. He was the number 2 skier to finish in the Slalom. He was the number 2 skier to finish in the Giant Slalom. Hazardous weather outlook A Hazardous Weather Outlook is a statement used by the National Weather Service in the United States to give information about possible bad weather events that may happen in the next seven days. It may be used to give information about possible strong thunderstorms, heavy rain or flooding, winter weather, or very low or high temperatures. Daniel Lamata de La Torre Daniel Lamata de La Torre (born June 22, 1970 in Abrera, Barcelona) is a wheelchair fencing athlete from Spain. He has a disability: he uses a wheelchair and is a category B 2 fencer. He fenced at the 2000 Summer Paralympics. He finished third in the one person sword event. Carlos Álvarez Nieto Carlos Álvarez Nieto (born January 24, 1973 in Madrid) is a 5-per-team football player from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind. He played 5-per-team football at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third after they played Greece and, won 2-0. Milbank, South Dakota Milbank is a city in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is the county seat of Grant County, and 3,353 people lived there at the 2010 census. Milbank became a city in 1881. Vicente Aguilar Carmona Vicente Aguilar Carmona (born April 10, 1970 in Valencia) is a 5-per-team football player from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind. He played 5-per-team football at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third after they played Greece and, won 2-0. He was a member of the national team in 2013 and competed in the European Championships. Pedro Antonio García Villa Pedro Antonio García Villa (born January 26, 1973 in Murcia) is a 5-per-team football player from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind. He played 5-per-team football at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third after they played Greece and, won 2-0. Córdoba Córdoba usually refers to: "Córdoba" may also refer to: Carmelo Garrido Alarcón Carmelo Garrido Alarcón (born September 12, 1971 in Puertollano, Ciudad Real) is a 5-per-team football player from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind. He played 5-per-team football at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third after they played Greece and, won 2-0. Gonzalo Iván Largo Romero Gonzalo Iván Largo Romero (born August 1, 1977 in Madrid) is a 5-per-team football player from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind. He played 5-per-team football at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third after they played Greece and, won 2-0. Youssef El Haddaqui Rabil Youssef El Haddaqui Rabil (born December 28, 1988) is a 5-per-team football player from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind and is a B1 type sportperson. He played 5-per-team football at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third after they played Argentina and, won 1-0. Alfredo Cuadrado Freire Alfredo Cuadrado Freire (born May 2, 1969 in Madrid) is a 5-per-team football player from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind and is a B1 type sportperson. He played 5-per-team football at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third after they played Greece and, won 2-0. He played 5-per-team football at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third after they played Argentina and, won 1-0. He was a member of the national team in 2013 and competed in the European Championships. José Luis Giera Tejuelo José Luis Giera Tejuelo (born July 28, 1985) is a 5-per-team football player from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind and is a B1 type sportperson. He played 5-per-team football at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third after they played Argentina and, won 1-0. He was a member of the national team in 2013 and competed in the European Championships. José López Ramírez José Lopez Ramirez (born December 17, 1975 in Málaga) is a 5-per-team football player from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind and is a B1 type sportperson. He played 5-per-team football at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third after they played Greece and, won 2-0. He played 5-per-team football at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third after they played Argentina and, won 1-0. Antonio Jesús Martín Gaitán Antonio Jesús Martin Gaitán (born April 22, 1982 in Málaga) is a 5-per-team football player from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind and is a B1 type sportperson. He played 5-per-team football at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third after they played Greece and, won 2-0. He played 5-per-team football at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third after they played Argentina and, won 1-0. He was a member of the national team in 2013 and competed in the European Championships. Francisco Javier Muñoz Perez Francisco Javier Muñoz Perez (born December 12, 1985 in Barcelona) is a 5-per-team football player from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind and is a B1 type sportperson. He played 5-per-team football at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third after they played Argentina and won 1-0. He was a member of the national team in 2013 and competed in the European Championships. Marcelo Rosado Carrasco Marcelo Rosado Carrasco (born October 2, 1978 in Málaga) is a 5-per-team football player from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind and is a B1 type sportperson. He played 5-per-team football at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third after they played Greece and, won 2-0. He played 5-per-team football at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third after they played Argentina and, won 1-0. He was a member of the national team in 2013 and competed in the European Championships. Adolfo Samuel Acosta Rodríguez Adolfo Samuel Acosta Rodriguez (born May 19, 1981 in Las Palmas, Canary Islands) is a 5-per-team football player from Spain. He has a disability: he is blind and is a B1 type sportperson. He played 5-per-team football at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third after they played Greece and, won 2-0. He played 5-per-team football at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. His team finished third after they played Argentina and, won 1-0. He was a member of the national team in 2013 and competed in the European Championships. Autism Spectrum Quotient The autism spectrum quotient is a questionnaire which was first published in 2001 by the Autism Research Centre in Cambridge, UK. There are fifty questions in the test, and they are used to decide whether a teenager or an adult wtih average intelligence has symptoms of autism or related autism spectrum conditions. It is commonly used for self-diagnosis of autism-related spectrum conditions. Hellebore Hellebores are a type of plant. ʻIolani Palace Iolani Palace is a building in downtown Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. It was a palace for the kings and queens of Hawaii. It is the only palace in the United States that was used as an official residence by a reigning monarch. Two monarchs governed from Iolani Palace. They were King Kalākaua and Queen Liliuokalani. After Hawaii stopped having kings and queens in 1893, the building was used as the state's capitol building until 1969. In 1962, Iolani Palace became a National Historic Landmark. The palace was restored and opened to the public as a museum in 1978. History. Royal palace. Iolani Palace was built when the king of Hawaii was David Kalākaua. Kalākaua had seen royal palaces in Europe. He had Iolani Palace designed to be like those. It was built of brick and concrete. The building was completed in November 1882. It cost over $340,000. It measures about . It is two stories high. It has a basement. It has four corner towers. It has two towers in the center that are high. Iolani Palace is the only building of its architectural style. The style is called "American Florentine". The palace had electricity and telephones even before the White House had them. Executive Building. After Hawaii stopped having kings and queens in 1893, the new government of Hawaii took over Iolani Palace. The palace was renamed the "Executive Building" for the Republic of Hawaii. Officials made a record of what was in the building. The things that could not be used by the new government were sold at public auctions. Queen Liliuokalani was imprisoned for nine months in a small room on the upper floor after a rebellion in 1895. The quilt she made is still there. Palace Restoration. In 1930, the inside of Iolani Palace was remodeled. The wood framing was replaced by steel and reinforced concrete. In 1935, the name was changed back to Iolani Palace. Iolani Palace was made an official National Historic Landmark on December 29, 1962. On October 15, 1966, it was added as site 66000293 to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Oahu. Government offices left the Palace in 1969 and moved to the new Hawaii State Capitol building. Many things that used to be in the palace have been returned. Money from the government and private donations paid to help make rooms in the palace look like they did during the monarchy era. Iolani Palace opened to the public in 1978. In the basement is a photographic display of the Palace, the Hawaiian crown jewels, awards given by the monarchs, and regalia worn by the high chiefs of the islands. The grounds of Iolani Palace are managed by the Hawaii State Department of Land and Natural Resources. The palace building itself is managed as a historical house museum by the Friends of Iolani Palace, a non-profit non-governmental organization. The birthdays of King Kalākaua (November 16) and Queen Kapiolani (December 28) are celebrated with ceremonies. Gesso Gesso is a primer or foundation for art painting on wood or canvas. It is a white paint mixture. It has a binder mixed with a pigment. Traditionally, the binder is glue or gelatin, the pigment is chalk, plaster or gypsum. Gesso is used in art to prepare a surfaces (wood panels, canvas and sculpture) for painting. Paint and/or other materials are applied on top of the gesso. One reason for covering the surface with gesso is that wood or canvas has a rough or uneven surface, and a colour. Gesso "priming" lets the artist's chosen subject show more clearly than it would otherwise. Even if a surface has no roughness, many artists still prime it before starting the painting proper, though they might use a paint or "wash" of their own choosing. They do this because the primer, though it cannot be seen directly, may change and help the quality of light reflected from the surface. Gesso, however, is specially useful for a rough or uneven surface. Acrylic gesso. Acrylic gesso, a widely used "ground", is a modern version which is cheaper and easier to use than the traditional type of gesso. It is a combination of calcium carbonate with an acrylic polymer medium latex, a pigment and other chemicals to ensure flexibility and increase life. It is technically not "gesso" at all.p321 "The Painter's Handbook" notes a problem with using oil paints over an acrylic gesso ground instead of a traditional oil ground, citing a mismatch in flexibility over time that could cause the oil paint to delaminate (flake off).p60 Viktor Hartmann Viktor Alexandrovich Hartmann (5 May 1834, St Petersburg – 4 August 1873, Kireyevo near Moscow) was a Russian architect and painter. Frances Hodgson Burnett Frances Eliza Hodgson Burnett (24 November 1849 – 29 October 1924) was a writer. She is famous for her children's books "Little Lord Fauntleroy", "A Little Princess", and "The Secret Garden". United World College of South East Asia United World College of South East Asia (UWCSEA) is an independent school in Singapore. It is branch of an international school called United World College. UWCSEA has two campuses that are based in Singapore, one on Dover Road at the Mid-West of the city and one at Tampines Avenue in the Tampines District. UWCSEA is a kindergarten, elementary, middle and high school. Many famous people like Akihiko Hoshide, who has gone into space, have graduated from UWCSEA. A Little Princess A Little Princess is a children's book by Frances Hodgson Burnett. It was published in 1905. The story is about a rich little girl who suddenly becomes poor. The book has been made into stage plays, television programs, and movies. In 2007, the National Education Association named the book one of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children." Jessica Walter Jessica Walter (January 31, 1941March 24, 2021) was an American actress. She played Lucille Bluth in the television sitcom "Arrested Development". She also played Tabitha Wilson in the series "90210". Walter received an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or TV Movie. She won that award for playing Amy Prentiss in the police drama television series of the same name. She was married to Ron Leibman from 1983 until his death in 2019. Walter was born in Brooklyn, New York. She died on March 24, 2021 at her apartment in Manhattan, aged 80. Judith McConnell Judith McConnell (born April 6, 1944 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American actress. She acts in soap operas. She played Sophia Wayne Capwell on the soap opera "Santa Barbara". She also played Nurse Augusta McLeod on the series "General Hospital". Little Lord Fauntleroy Little Lord Fauntleroy is a children's novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett. The story was first published in parts (serialization) in "St. Nicholas Magazine" between November 1885 and October 1886. It was published in book form by Scribner's in 1886. It was illustrated by Reginald B. Birch. The book has been translated into several languages. The story is about a poor American boy who inherits a great English estate. The story has been made into stage plays, television programs, and movies. The Secret Garden The Secret Garden is a children's novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett. It was published in parts (serialization) in "The American Magazine" in 1910. It was published in book form in 1911. The story is about three children whose lives are changed while tending a neglected garden. The story has been made into stage plays, television programs, and movies. Ragged Dick Ragged Dick; or, Street Life in New York with the Boot Blacks is a boys' book by Horatio Alger, Jr. It was published in parts (serialization) in the magazine "Student and Schoolmate" in 1867. It was then published as a book in 1868 by A. K. Loring of Boston, Massachusetts. It was the first of six books in the "Ragged Dick" series. It was Alger's bestselling book. Story. Ragged Dick is a poor bootblack (shoe shine boy) in New York City. He makes his life better by working hard and being honest. He opens a bank account and takes a frail boy named Fosdick into his little apartment. Fosdick teaches Dick to read, write, and do arithmetic. One day, Dick saves a rich man's child from drowning. He is rewarded with money and a clerk's job in the man's firm. Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King The Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King is an American helicopter built by Sikorsky. It was used by the U.S. Navy between 1961 and 2006 for finding and destroying submarines, search and rescue, and utility. It produced under licence in Italy, Japan, and United Kingdom for military users. Civil helicopters are known as Sikorsky S-61. Design. Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King is a twin-engines helicopter, with a five-blade rotor. It is made of metal. It can carry torpedos or naval missiles like American "Harpoon" or French "Exocet". It can carry up to 15 passengers or injured on board. The cockpit is for two people, pilot and co-pilot. Military users. Sea King is (or was) used in 2013 by : Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Peru, Saudi Arabia, Spain, and USA. Countries that used British versions of Sea King are not included, see at Westland Sea King. Westland Sea King Westland Sea King is a British helicopter built by Westland. It is a licence-built version of the American SH-3 Sea King. Transport duty versions are known as Westland Commando. Utility. Westland Sea King is used for finding and destroying submarines, search and rescue, VIP air transport, utility, electronic warfare, and special forces support. Users. In 2013 Westland Sea King is (or was) in service in Australia, Belgium, Egypt, Germany, India, Norway, Pakistan, Qatar, UK. In the UK, the Royal Air Force and Royal Navy used this helicopter. Louvre Pyramid The Louvre Pyramid is a pyramid built of glass and metal. It is in the Musée du Louvre, in Paris. The architect I. M. Pei designed the building. It opened to visitors in 1989. French president François Mitterrand spoke at the opening. Hiroki Mihara Hiroki Mihara (born 20 April 1978) is a former Japanese football player. Club career statistics. 111||11||7||2||2||0||120||13 111||11||7||2||2||0||120||13 David Degen David Degen (born 15 February 1983) is a Swiss football player. He plays for Young Boys and Switzerland national team. Club career statistics. 151||20 18||2 169||22 International career statistics. !Total||10||0 Oceanside, California Oceanside is a beach city in the state of California. It is the third largest city in San Diego County, California and the 17th largest in Southern California. The city has a population of about 183,095 as of January 2010. The cities Oceanside, Vista and Carlsbad all form the Tri-City area. Oceanside is south of the Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton. Salt Lake Tabernacle The Salt Lake Tabernacle is a building in Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah. It was built by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in 1867. John Prescott John Leslie Prescott, Baron Prescott (born 31 May 1938) is a British Labour politician. He was born in Prestatyn, Wales. He grew up in Brinsworth, Yorkshire and Upton by Chester. He served as Deputy Prime Minister when Tony Blair was Prime Minister. He started out as a shop worker and was often considered to be the "most working class member of the Labour cabinet". Whilst campaigning for the 2001 election, he punched a man who threw an egg at him. He has diabetes mellitus type 2 and had bulimia nervosa throughout his political career. Yamanote Line The is a railway line of East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Tokyo, Japan. It is one of Tokyo's busiest and most important lines, connecting most of Tokyo's big stations and city centres, including Marunouchi, the Yūrakuchō/Ginza area, Shinagawa, Shibuya, Shinjuku, Ikebukuro and Ueno, with all but two of its 29 stations connecting to other railway or underground (subway) lines.  As an official line name, "Yamanote Line" is usually meant as a line with tracks between Shinagawa and Tabata from Shinjuku that are used by local trains on its tracks and also the parallel Yamanote Freight Line which is used by Saikyō Line and Shōnan-Shinjuku Line trains, some limited express services, and freight trains. However, in everyday use, the "Yamanote Line" refers to the entire 34.5 km loop line served by local trains. (This article uses the same thing meant except when it is said that it would not be the same meaning meant.) History. In 1909, The Yamanote Line began service between Shinagawa and Akabane, and it was called the "Shinagawa Line" at that time. A train consisted of 10 cars. The circular line began in 1925. A train schedule 5 trains/hour 72 minutes/a round in 1925, 25 trains/hour 60 minutes/a round in 2014 [1]. In 1961, the train color changed from brown to yellow. In 1972, the train color changed from yellow to green. In 1987, Japan Railway was privatized. In 1990, the Yamanote line added one more car to the trains. Wrapping advertisement, using Yamanote Line, has started since 2000. Each station are installing the platform screen doors for the Tokyo Olympics in 2020. Features. The Yamanote Line has no signal, and a train follows the preceding train [2]. Yamanote Line has not only passenger trains but also Freight trains. The Yamanote Line has only one railway crossing [2]. In 2013, 3,238,000 people use Yamanote Line per a day [1]. Stations. Notes Engelhard, North Carolina Engelhard is a small village in North Carolina, United States. About 300 people live there. The village is found in Hyde County. Luna Park, Melbourne Melbourne's Luna Park is a historic amusement park near the beach at St Kilda, Victoria Australia. It was designed and developed by Frederick Ingersoll. It opened in 1912 and has been operating ever since. It is the first of two Luna Parks still operating in Australia; the other is on Sydney Harbour. Miragoâne Miragoâne (Kréyòl: "Miragwàn") is a port city in southwestern Haiti. It is the capital city of the Nippes "Département". The city is on the coast of the "Miragoâne" Bay, in the Gonâve Channel of the Gulf of Gonâve, about 100 km south of the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. It is also the chief town of an "arrondissement" (a part of a department) with the same name. The "arrondissement" has four "communes" (a "commune" is like a municipality): Miragoâne, Fonds-des-Nègres, Paillant and Petite-Rivière-de-Nippes. History. The town was founded by English during the 17th century on the coast of a well-protected bay. The name Miragoâne comes from "Miraguano", the name given by the Taíno people to the "Étang de Miragoâne", the second largest lake of Haiti; the town is near the lake. During a civil war in 1883, the town was destroyed. Economy. Miragoâne is an important port; coffee, fruits and wood are sent to other countries and other parts of Haiti from here. Used products (like clothes and cars) como to this port from Miami. Your Body Is a Wonderland "Your Body Is a Wonderland" is a 2002 song written and sung by John Mayer. It was recorded in 2001 and released in 2002. The song won John Mayer a Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance. Brooke Hogan Brooke Hogan (born May 5, 1988 in Tampa, Florida) is an American singer, actress and model who currently has her own show on VH1 and MuchMore called "Brooke Knows Best" it is a spin-off of the show her parents were on called "Hogan Knows Best". Her father is semi-retired professional wrestler Hulk Hogan. She released her debut album in 2006 entitled "Undiscovered". Kim Do-kyun Kim Do-Kyun (born 13 January 1977), also known as Kim Do-Gyun, is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Korea Republic national team, including the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. Club career statistics. 100||2||1||0||28||1||129||3 17||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0 117||2||1||0||28||1||146||3 International career statistics. !Total||10||0 Rodrigo Mendes Rodrigo Mendes (born 9 August 1975) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Novo Hamburgo. Club career statistics. 29||7||3||0||3||1||35||8 29||7||3||0||3||1||35||8 Rodrigo Tabata Rodrigo Tabata (born 19 November 1980) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Beşiktaş. Club career statistics. 155||34 29||12 184||46 Karim Haggui Karim Haggui (born 20 January 1984) is a Tunisian football player. He plays for VfB Stuttgart and Tunisia national team. Club career statistics. 43||2 166||10 209||12 International career statistics. !Total||59||5 Dong Fangzhuo Dong Fangzhuo (born 23 January 1985) is a Chinese football player. He has played for China PR national team. Club career statistics. 45||21 71||35 1||0 0||0 117||56 International career statistics. !Total||13||1 André the Giant André René Roussimoff (May 19, 1946 – January 27, 1993) better known by his ring name, André the Giant, was a French professional wrestler and actor. He was best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Federation (WWF). His size was caused by gigantism, that was caused by excess growth hormone and would later result in acromegaly. His size led to him being called "The Eighth Wonder of the World". During his professional wrestling career, he was a one time WWF champion and a one time WWF World Tag Team champion with Haku. In 1993, He became the first superstar to be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame. His best know acting role was as Fezzik in the 1987 movie "The Princess Bride". On January 27, 1993, he died of congestive heart failure while he was sleeping in his Paris hotel room. He was in Paris to go to his father's funeral. Gura Humorului Gura Humorului is a town in northern Romania. It is in Suceava County in the southern part of Bukovina. The population of Gura Humorului was 15,728 as of 2006. The mayor is Marius Ioan Ursaciuc of the National Liberal Party. On May 11, 1899, there was a disastrous fire which destroyed most of the town, more than 400 houses and businesses were lost in the blaze. It was a World War I battlefield between Austrian and Imperial Russian troops until the Russians were driven out in 1917. Between 1960 and 1963 the fossils of prehistoric fish, about 1.90 metres long were discovered in rocks near the town. The fish was an unknown Palaeorhynchus, a kind of mackerel, which lived about 30 million years ago. It was named Palegrhynchus humorensis, after the city. The area was made a special reserve in 1973. On October 10, 1941, during World War II, 2945 Jewish men, women and children were sent from Gura Humorului to Transnistria. Most of these people died in the concentration camps. Only about 100 returned to the town after the war, and most of these people then moved to Israel. The former residents have sent money to repair the Jewish cemetery, and the one surviving synagogue. HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed Histadrut HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed (, lit. "The Federation of Working and Studying Youth"), sometimes abbreviated to No'al () is an Israeli youth movement. History. The movement was founded in 1924 by youth working to defend their rights. The first name of the movement was "Hanoar HaOved" ("The Working Youth") and it was connected to the Histadrut (Israeli workers union). In 1959, it was connected with "HaTnua HaMeu'he'det" (, "The United Movement") and the name was changed to "HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed." It is a sister movement of Habonim Dror which is active abroad, outside of Israel. Organization and activities. The movement is organized by junior and senior counselors who plan and hold programs for younger members. These are after-school activities and also during school holidays. Usually members join in elementary school in fourth grade. The chance to become a junior counselor starts in ninth grade, with a training program during the summer before starting tenth grade. Each branch is assigned a leader doing the national service year after high school, guiding the local junior and senior counselors. Much of the programs are about Israeli and Jewish history and culture. (See Values, below) Values. HaNoar HaOved Ve HaLomed is a Zionist educational and social organization. It believes that the State of Israel is the homeland of the Jewish people. Its members are dedicated to living in Israel and taking part in defending it and building it. That means that most or all members do a year of national service in the community after high school, then are drafted into the Israeli army after high school, and afterwards plan to live in Israel as adults. They believe in the values of democracy and socialist principles like social welfare to take care of the weaker members of the population. They may want to join a kibbutz or other cooperative way of living. They often join the youth wings of Israeli political parties and take part in rallies and work in support of their beliefs. Not all members follow the Jewish religion. Those from Jewish families usually come from a secular or traditional home, as do the majority of Israelis. They see Jewish tradition and Jewish history as a source of inspiration and influence. They respect all the cultures that make up Israel's pluralistic society and uphold freedom of speech and worship. There are branches in Israel for Arab and Druze youngsters. The movement website has pages in Hebrew, Arabic, Russian, and English. Uniforms. A cotton long-sleeved collared shirt is typical of several Israeli youth movements. The shirt of the HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed is a blue shirt, the color symbolising the working class. The red lacing at the neck opening is the color which symbolises Socialism. The shirt is printed front and back with white lettering describing the movement with its symbols, and sometimes giving locations of the wearer's local "ken" or for a movement event. Directions as adults. In the 1990s, following the decline of the kibbutz movement, HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed began to re-examine the ideal life path of its members, which had always begun with settling kibbutzim in "gar'inim" after finishing their mandatory period of army service. Instead, a model started to be put forward in which "bogrim" ("graduates") of the movement formed small urban communes working in society, particularly in education. In the early 21st century there are about 1,000 members of HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed's "Tnuat Bogrim" ("Movement of Graduates"). They live in small communes in cities or on kibbutzim. Many have jobs in education and the youth movement. Together, the youth movement and the "Tnuat Bogrim" are called the "Dror-Israel" movement, which is named after the historical "Dror" movement in Europe. Sex chromosome Sex chromosomes are chromosomes which determine the sex of individual organisms. In men, for example, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, and one of these pairs are sex chromosomes. Females have two X chromosomes, males have one X and one Y. An egg always carries a single X, while sperms carry either an X or a Y. That is how sex is determined in humans. Not all organisms have their sex determined by chromosomes. Those that do use the sex chromosome system have variations in how it happens. The account above is generally true for mammals. Cytogenetics Cytogenetics is the branch of genetics which deals with cytology: cell structure and function. It includes the study of chromosomes, chromosome bands, karyotypes, and cell division, especially meiosis. Cytogenetic studies have also been used to study evolution in natural populations. Somatic cell All the cells in the body of an organism are somatic cells, except for the haploid gametes (sex cells like eggs and sperm) and other cells involved in reproduction. Somatic cells are usually diploid, except where there is polyploidy. Either way, somatic cells have double the number of chromosomes that gametes in the same organism have. Somatic cells divide by mitosis and make identical copies of themselves, while gametes are made when germ cells divide by meiosis. In humans, somatic cells have 46 chromosomes. Genetic screening Genetic screening finds out genetic susceptibility to a particular disease. Genetic testing identifies differences in chromosomes, genes, or proteins. It allows the genetic diagnosis of vulnerabilities to inherited diseases. It can also be used to find out a child's parentage (genetic mother and father). Genetic screening in a broader sense includes biochemical tests for the possible presence of genetic diseases, or mutant forms of genes associated with increased risk of developing genetic disorders. Most of the time, testing is used to find changes that are associated with inherited disorders. The results of a genetic test can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a person's chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder. Several hundred genetic tests are currently in use, and more are being developed. Since genetic testing may open up ethical or psychological problems, genetic testing is often accompanied by genetic counselling. Haploid Haploid is the term used when a cell has half the usual number of chromosomes. A normal eukaryote organism is composed of diploid cells, one set of chromosomes from each parent. However, after meiosis, the number of chromosomes in gametes is halved. That is the haploid condition. In humans, the diploid number of chromosomes is 46 (2x23). The number in haploid cells (sperm and eggs) is 23. Some types of animals are haploid, such as male Hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps). This is a special genetic system called haplodiploidy. Some plants and animals are polyploid, with more than two sets of chromosomes. For example, one species of wheat is hexaploid, with six sets of chromosomes, although other species of wheat have only two sets. Because so many organisms are diploid, it can become confusing whether haploid refers to one set of chromosomes or more than one. The special term monoploid can be used; it means one set of chromosomes. Malt shop A malt shop or soda shop was a older type of drink store in North America. It is where kids mostly went to buy sodas and candy (confectionery). Atong language (Sino-Tibetan) A’tong (also spelled "Attong") is a language spoken in Bangladesh. It is spoken by about 5,400 people in the northern Netrokona District. The language will possibly become more mixed with the Abeng dialect of Garo and Bengali. Many children can speak Abeng before starting school, but most speakers also have good proficiency in Bengali. They are reckoned by themselves and other Garos to be Garos, but the languages are not mutually intelligible with Garo. The speakers of A’tong are mostly Christian peasants. Jaywalking Jaywalking is a form of crossing a street by not following the crosswalk. People crossing the street, known as pedestrians, can get a fine or time in prison for jaywalking in some states and cities. Do Ab Do Ab is a village in Bamyan Province in central Afghanistan. Do Ab (Iran) Do Ab is the name of a rural area in the center of Savadkuh County, Mazanderan province, Iran. It contains five villages. Sevatcow station on the Mazanderan branch of the trans-Iranian railway was built there during the rule of Reza Pahlavi. It is about 7 kilometers south of Pol Sefid (Capital of township) and about 14 kilometers from Veresk Bridge. Euptoieta hegesia The Mexican Fritillary (Euptoieta hegesia) is a North and South American butterfly. It is in the family Nymphalidae. Description. The upper side of the wings is bright orange. Most of the hind wing (the bottom wing) does not have black markings. There is a row of submarginal (submarginal means just inward of the wing edge) black spots on both the fore wing (the top wing) and the hind wing. The underside of the wings is yellow-orange. There are no black submarginal spots. It has a wingspan of 2.5 to 3 inches. Similar species. The only similar species in the Mexican Fritillary's range is the Variegated Fritillary ("Euptoieta claudia"). The Variegated Fritillary has more black on the upper side of the hind wing. The underside of the hind wing has a pale band in the center. Flight period. The Mexican Fritillary may be seen from mid-June to November in Arizona. It is seen from July to December in Texas. It is seen year-round in Mexico. Habitat. This species may be found in a variety of open habitats and gardens. Life cycle. The caterpillar is shiny red. It has a silver stripe edged with black on each side of the body. It has silver spots edged with black along the top of the body. There are six rows of black spines. The head has two long black spines with clubbed ends. The chrysalis is dark brown or tan. It has gold eyes and short gold spines. On the wing cases, it has a black marking shaped like a "T". It has 1-3 broods per year. Host plants. Here is a list of host plants that the Mexican Fritillary caterpillar feeds on: Kingsway tramway subway The Kingsway tramway subway is a cut-and-cover tunnel in central London. It was built for The London County Council to join two tramway systems called the "North Side" and "South Side". Used by single-deck tramcars only, but an upgrade between 1928 and 1931 meant that double deck trams could use it. The subway was closed in 1952. Part of the subway is now the Strand underpass, but the rest has not been changed very much and still has tram tracks inside it. It is now a Grade II Listed structure. Planning. The London County Council had two tramway systems called the "North Side" and "South Side". For a long time, they had considered joining the two together. This would allow them to send trams from the "North Side" to the Central Repair Depot in Charlton in South East London for overhauls. In 1898 it was decided to demolish the slum districts in the Holborn area and rebuild them. This gave a chance to use the new streets for a tramway. In 1902, the Council decided to build a tramway that was under the ground (subway). The subway went from Theobalds Road in the north to the Embankment underneath Waterloo Bridge to the south. From there a line that was not underground would continue over Waterloo Bridge. However, there were legal problems and these delayed the permission that was needed to build the subway and tram route. Permission to build the subway was not given until 1906, and they were still not allowed to build the tram line over the bridge. The tunnel would also only be able to have single-deck trams in it. This was because of a sewer at the northern end of the tunnel and the District Railway at the southern end. When the trams left the subway at the southern end, they could turn right along the Embankment to Westminster Bridge, or left on a service from Bloomsbury to the Hop Exchange. This latter service was short-lived and the tracks were removed in 1930. At the north end, the approach near Southampton Row was a open cutting with a 1 in 10 (10%) slope. The tracks passed through cast iron tubes underneath the Fleet sewer. They then rose very slightly to enter Holborn tramway station. From here up to Aldwych tramway station the subway was built with a steel roof. Because it was not planned to run a public service south of here at first, the tracks leading towards the Strand were used as a depot with appropriate equipment and inspection pits. Opening. The first public tram through the subway ran on 24 February 1906. It ran from The Angel, Islington to Aldwych. The chairman of the Highways Committee held an opening ceremony. The first journey took 10 minutes to go to Aldwych and 12 minutes to get back. This was also allowing for the horse-drawn vehicles that were using the roads on the overground part of the route. On the 16 November of the same year, the routes were extended north from The Angel to Highbury station. The route used special trams built from materials that could not catch fire. Wooden trams, like those used on other routes, were not allowed to go through the subway. In the parliamentary session of 1905, plans were submitted for another station at the south end of the tunnel. The station would be underneath Wellington Street. The opening of the new tramway along the Embankment meant it was decided to link up with this route instead and the station was never built. A new sharp curve was built under Lancaster Place to allow an exit through the western side wall of Waterloo Bridge. A triangular junction with the through line was constructed. The eastern side of this junction, leading to Blackfriars, was removed as part of the 1930s upgrade. Through services. Through services started on 10 April 1908. They ran from Highbury station to Tower Bridge and to Kennington Gate. There was a procession of six cars that went south from the Holborn through to Kennington. They then diverted to Elephant and Castle in order to return through the subway to Angel. The Kennington service was not commercially viable and services were diverted to operate to Queens Road in Battersea. Due to a low bridge, this service could only be operated with single-deck vehicles. Drivers of the trams recorded difficulty in climbing the ramp north from Holborn tramway station and would sometimes roll all the way back to the station. Drivers on routes through the tunnel had to have at least two years experience on other services to be considered for these routes. The services continued to change for many years, especially when the tram lines over Blackfriars Bridge opened on 14 September 1909. During the 1920s the LCC also realised that for the subway to remain profitable it would need to be able to take double-deck trams. In 1929, it was then decided that the headroom of the tunnel would be increased to . This would be done by raising the roof or deepening the tunnel as appropriate. Work started on 11 September 1929. The work resulted in the replacement of the cast iron tubes with a new steel girder-supported roof. The sewer was also diverted. In some places, the trackbed was lowered by . This meant that the walls had to be underpinned with concrete. After the last service ran on 2 February 1930 the tunnel was closed. It did not re-open until 14 February 1930 which was the formal re-opening. Tram number 1931 was used on the new route 31. Public services started on the next day. As well as the whole tunnel being rebuilt, the two tramway stations were as well. Services now ran from Hackney to Wandsworth or Tooting, Leyton to Westminster, Highbury to Waterloo or Norbury and Archway to Kennington. A weekend service was introduced between Highgate (Archway) and Downham via Brockley. This route closed in 1932. It was long. This made it the longest tram route operated entirely within the County of London. Waterloo Bridge re-building. In 1937, Waterloo Bridge was re-built. This meant that the side entrance to the tramway had to be moved. A new entrance was built in a position centrally underneath the bridge. This opened on 21 November of that year. Tram abandonment programme. In 1933, the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB) was formed. They took over the London County Council trams. Soon after this takeover, the LPTB decided to replace all of the trams in London with "more modern vehicles". The abandonment programme began in 1935. The trams in the South-West, West, North-West, North and East London were mostly replaced with trolleybuses. This programme carried on quickly until 1940. In 1940, the last tram conversion took place before the Second World War. This left only the South London trams and subway routes 31, 33 and 35 running. The subway routes were the only trams to run into North London during the war. Prototype Kingsway trolleybus number 1379 was built to test the use of trolleybuses through the subway. The trolleybus had exits on both sides to allow this. However, the tests were unsuccessful. This was because the trolleybuses would have had to run on battery power through the subway. They would have had to have used battery power because headroom restrictions made it impossible to use overhead current collection. In 1946, it was decided to replace all of London's remaining trams "as soon as possible". This time though the replacement would be by diesel buses instead of trolleybuses. The first subway route to be closed was route 31. It closed on 1 October 1950. Routes 33 and 35 were closed at the end of service on Saturday 5 April 1952. The last public services through the subway were 'specials' which ran on the Sunday, shortly after midnight. During the early hours of the next morning, all of the remaining trams north of the subway were driven through the subway to the depots south of the Thames. Closure and a new use. The trams in London stopped running on 5 July 1952. After this, the tracks on the street were lifted. However, those in the subway mostly remained in place. In 1953 London Transport used the tramway to store 120 unused buses and coaches. This was in case they were needed for the Coronation. However, proposals to convert the tramway subway to a car park or a movie studio failed and it was leased out as a storage facility from October 1957. In June 1958, the London County Council proposed to use the tunnel for light traffic coming from Waterloo Bridge. This would reduce traffic congestion at its junction with Strand. In April 1962, the go-ahead was given for part of the southern end of the subway to be used in this way. Construction began in September of the same year. The subway opened to road traffic as the "Strand Underpass" on 21 January 1964. The southern section of the abandoned tunnel between the Embankment and the Strand Underpass has been converted into a branch of the Buddha Bar chain of bars and restaurants. This involved the demolition of the pedestrian subways under Waterloo Bridge and extensive construction in the bridge's undercroft. Eastbourne College Eastbourne College is a British co-educational day and boarding school for children aged 13-18. It is on the south coast of England. The headmaster is called Simon Davies. The College was started by the Duke of Devonshire in 1867 and has been growing ever since. It is a charity. Motto. "Ex Oriente Salus" Chapel. The Chapel follows the religion of the Church of England. The College has a very good choir. It also has a full-time Chaplain. Since he lives with his family in the middle of the College campus, he is always available. Pupils are always welcome to visit him about anything that is bothering them. Sometimes people go just to talk and enjoy a cup of tea. Every Thursday evening there is a communion service followed by warm pizza in the Chaplain's flat at which all are welcome. There is also a Bible study group (The Connection) led by members of staff, which meets weekly throughout the year. At the beginning and end of each term there is a whole school service in All Saints' Church. Sports. Sports are taken very seriously at Eastbourne College and in the past it has produced many successful teams. Old Eastbournians Will Green and Mark Lock once won the Premiership with the London Wasps. At the College, one main sport is played each term. However there are also other sports played, such as football, cross country, swimming, golf, tennis, squash, rowing, sailing & rugby fives. Combined Cadet Force. The school has a CCF (Combined Cadet Force) which all of year ten must join, and some students choose to continue in the upper years. The CCF has Royal Navy, Army and Royal Air Force sections for the pupils to choose from. Notable Old Eastbournians. Military. Victoria Cross Holders. Two Old Eastbournians have won the Victoria Cross: Recognition. The Southern Railway used to use trains' names for publicity, and carrying pupils to boarding schools at the beginning and end of school terms was a big part of the traffic. One type of train was named after various English public schools. The fifteenth train of this type made, "no. 914", was named "Eastbourne" after the college. Built at Eastleigh in October 1932, "no. 914" was working until July 1961. University of Bonn The University of Bonn () is a public research university in Bonn, Germany. Started in 1818, the University of Bonn is today one of the leading universities in Germany. The University of Bonn offers many programs in different subjects. Its library has more than two million volumes. The University of Bonn has 525 professors and 27,800 students. Among its famous students and teachers are seven Nobel prize winners, two Fields Medalists, eleven Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners, Pope Benedict XVI, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, Joseph Schumpeter and Joseph Goebbels. University of Würzburg The University of Würzburg is a university in Würzburg, Germany, which first started in 1402. The university is a member of the Coimbra Group. Name. The University’s official name is Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg ("Julius Maximilian University Würzburg") but it is commonly called the "University of Würzburg". This name is taken from two people; Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn, Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, who restarted the University 426 years ago, and Prince Elector Maximilian Joseph, the prince under whom it became public, not religious, at the start of the 19th century. The University’s central administration, foreign student office, and several research institutes are located within the old town. The new liberal arts campus, with its modern library, overlooks the city from the east. The University today has about 21,000 students, of which more than 1,000 come from other countries. Among its students and teachers, the University includes 13 Nobel Prize winners. Carles Rexach Carles Rexach (born 13 January 1947) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team. Club career statistics. 328||81 328||81 International career statistics. !Total||15||2 Frank Lobos Frank Lobos (born 25 September 1976) is a former Chilean football player. Club career statistics. 16||1 16||1 Andriy Rusol Andriy Rusol (born 16 January 1983) is a Ukrainian retired footballer who formerly played as a defender for Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk and the Ukrainian national team. Club career statistics. 206||6 206||6 International career statistics. !Total||47||3 Ari (footballer, born 1980) Arivaldo Alves dos Santos (born 19 November 1980) is a Brazilian football player. Club career statistics. 14||0||0||0||3||0||17||0 14||0||0||0||3||0||17||0 MacBook Air The MacBook Air is a kind of Macintosh laptop computer designed by Apple, known as the "world's thinnest notebook." It is positioned as the most portable in Apple's MacBook family and was introduced at the Macworld Conference & Expo on January 15, 2008. The MacBook Air was the first laptop to implement Apple's precision aluminum unibody enclosure. The MacBook Air has been updated over four times since the original release. The first revision introduced better performance, a bigger hard drive, and a Mini DisplayPort for peripheral monitors. The second update, introduced with the MacBook Pro series, featured a lower price, better performance, and a longer-lasting battery. It was revised a third time in October 2010 when the outside container was redesigned. At this time Apple began selling another model with a smaller, 11.6-inch (29 cm) screen until 2019. The fourth update was released in July 2011. There have been other revisions in between, but in October 2018, there was a fifth revision to the MacBook Air, with a fingerprint scanner, a larger Retina screen, and a backlit keyboard. Design. The MacBook Air, made for thinness, weighs , was the first MacBook produced using a single piece of aluminum with Apple's unibody technique. The computer has a glossy LED backlit screen and a backlit keyboard, as well as a large trackpad that responds to iPhone-like Multi-Touch gestures such as pinching, swiping, and rotating. With the release of Mac OS X Snow Leopard, the Air's multi-touch trackpad also supports handwriting recognition of Chinese characters. A hatch that flips down on the right side shows the ports on MacBook Air: a USB port, a Mini DisplayPort, and a stereo earphone jack. The left side of the computer has a MagSafe adapter for power, and there is an iSight webcam and microphone above the screen. The MacBook Air was the first compact laptop sold by Apple since the full-featured 12" PowerBook G4 was stopped in 2006. It was also Apple's first computer with an optional solid-state storage drive. ArsTechnica found "moderate" performance improvements of the 64 GB solid-state drive of the first generation Air over the standard 80 GB hard drive in tests. On October 14, 2008, new models were announced boasting improved capacities of 128 GB (solid-state) and 120 GB (hard drive). The Air comes standard with 2 GB non-upgradable RAM. The CPU on the original Air was an Intel Core 2 Duo chip especially designed to be 40 percent the size of the standard Core 2 Duo chip. The current model has a low voltage, small form factor Core 2 Duo "Penryn" with 6 MB of cache, running on a 1066 MHz bus. MacBook Air has no user-replaceable parts. The hard drive, memory, and battery are enclosed within the casing, with memory soldered directly to the logicboard. MacBook Air's battery is enclosed within the case but can be replaced using normal screwdrivers, though it is unclear whether this process would void the notebook's warranty. As part of the out-of-warranty service, Apple offers to replace the battery for a fee. Apple incorporated several features in the design of the MacBook Air, such as the reduction of toxic chemicals like lead, to make it more environmentally friendly. MacBook Air contains no BFRs and PVC wiring, meets Energy Star Version 5.0 requirements, has a recyclable enclosure, and is rated EPEAT Gold; its screen is made from arsenic-free glass and does not contain mercury. To reduce the computer's size and weight, several features were sacrificed. It is Apple's first notebook since the PowerBook 2400c without a built-in removable media drive. It also omits a FireWire port, Ethernet port, line-in, media card slots, and a Kensington Security Slot. To regain the features of an optical drive, users can either use a separately-available external USB SuperDrive, or the bundled Remote Disc software to access the optical drive of another computer. However, this method only allows for disk browsing or software installation; DVD movies or CDs cannot be watched or listened to. The Remote Disc capability is achieved by the computer wirelessly accessing the optical drive of another Mac or Windows PC that has the Remote Disc program installed. It can also be used to reinstall the system software from the included installation DVD. Remote Disc supports netbooting, so MacBook Air can boot from its installation DVD in another computer's drive. This feature requires Remote Install Mac OS X to be running on the remote computer. The software does not allow the playback or information of DVDs or CDs, nor does it allow the installation of Microsoft Windows. For these features, an external USB drive is required. A single speaker located under the keyboard is included for mono sound. The MacBook Air includes Mac OS X Snow Leopard pre-installed, along with Apple's iLife multimedia suite. Apple's iWork work suite, similar to Microsoft Office, is also available with the purchase of the computer, with an extra charge. With the 2008 changes to the notebook, wired Ethernet connectivity required a separately available USB-to-Ethernet adapter. However, for the 2009 revision, the adapter is included in-the-box. Additionally, in the 2008 revision, the hard drive, graphics, front side bus, processor, memory, battery, and port connections were upgraded. Launch and reception. The MacBook Air was greeted with mixed reception when it was introduced. The portability of the MacBook Air was praised in reviews, however, the compromise in features was criticized. The full-sized keyboard, weight of three pounds, thinness, and Multi-Touch trackpad were appreciated in reviews, while the limited configuration options, slow speed (in the non-SSD models), non-user replaceable battery, small hard drive, and price were criticized. Dan Ackerman of CNET commented on the original models, "the design and engineering that went into MacBook Air is extraordinary, but it's certainly a much more specialized product than the standard 13-inch MacBook." Ackerman disliked the limited internet connectivity, slow speed, small hard drive, battery, and the price of SSD hard-drive option, however, appreciated the thinness, sturdiness, and the MultiTouch gestures. Macworld's Jason Snell praised the portability, however commented that "the decision about whether the MacBook Air is a product worth having can be answered by 1 question: How much are you willing to compromise?" MacBook Air's launch was accompanied by a television commercial emphasizing its slender design. In the commercial, a hand unthreads a manila envelope and slides out a MacBook Air, then opens it to wake it from sleep. The music playing is "New Soul" by Yael Naïm. "Thinnest" disputes. The Mitsubishi Pedion, released in 1998, was the thinnest "rectangular" laptop at 0.72 inches (1.84 cm) until the release of the Dell Adamo in March 2009, which is a rectangular laptop 0.65 inches (1.65 cm) thick. Although both these laptops are thinner than MacBook Air's thickest point (0.76 inches/1.94 cm), MacBook Air "tapers" from 0.16–0.76 inches (0.4–1.94 cm), leading to some controversy over the "thinnest" laptop. The Sharp Actius MM10 Muramasas, a thin, tapered notebook, had a minimum height (thickness) of and a maximum height of . It was the thinnest tapered laptop until the release of MacBook Air in 2008. In March 2009, Dell challenged that claim with the release of the Dell Adamo XPS. Issues. The flip-down hatch on the side of Mac Book Air is a tight fit for some headphone plugs and USB devices, requiring users to purchase an extension cable. Apple has removed the flip-down hatch on the Late 2010 model in favor of open connection ports as on other Mac books. Since the release of the first-generation product, some MacBook Air users have complained of overheating that caused CPU lockup. The effect can be seen at CPU temperatures as low as and worsens with higher temperatures. Apple released a software update in early March 2008 to fix the problem with mixed results: the deactivation of 1 CPU core appears to have been corrected; however, the runaway kernel problem remains for at least some users. The problem is aggravated by system-intensive tasks such as video playback or video chatting. Darijo Srna Darijo Srna (born 1 May 1982) is a Croatian former football player. He last played for Shakhtar Donetsk and Croatia national team. Club career statistics. 63||4||||||||||63||4 133||10||24||4||63||2||220||16 196||14||24||4||63||2||283||20 International career statistics. !Total||71||18 Donbass Arena Donbass Arena is a football stadium in Donetsk in Ukraine. It is home to the club F.C. Shakhtar Donetsk. It can hold up to 51,504 people and it is the biggest club stadium in Ukraine. Mara Manzan Mara Virgínia Manzan (28 May 1952 – 13 November 2009) was a Brazilian actress. At the age of 17, Mara, at the time living and studying in São Paulo, visited the Teatro Oficina, and, as she often jokingly said, never left it. There she made all kinds of backstage activities, until one day she had the chance to replace a sick actress in a play. In March 2008, acting as "Amara" in "Duas Caras", she discovered to suffer of lung cancer, and was operated by surgeon Drauzio Varella on 16 April that year. The actress had already faced a cancer of the uterus and ovaries and had to undergo a radical hysterectomy. Her condition worsened and the actress died at the age 57. Mara Manzan died of pulmonary failure. Madeline Kahn Madeline Kahn (September 29, 1942 - December 3, 1999) was an American actress. She was known mainly for her comic roles in moviess such as "Paper Moon", "Young Frankenstein", "Blazing Saddles", "What's Up, Doc?," and "Clue". She made a guest appearance on "The Carol Burnett Show" and the "Cosby Show". She was born in Boston, Massachusetts. She moved to New York City during her early childhood and died of ovarian cancer there. Keihin-Tōhoku Line The Keihin-Tōhoku Line (京浜東北線 けいひんとうほくせん) is a railway line of East Japan Railway Company (JR East) that connects the cities of Saitama, Warabi, Kawaguchi, Tokyo, Kawasaki, and Yokohama. Shin-Yokohama Station Shin-Yokohama Station (新横浜駅,しんよこはまえき) is a railway station of JR Central, JR East, and Yokohama Municipal Subway in Yokohama, Japan. Hachiōji Station Hachiōji Station(八王子駅,はちおうじえき) is a Railway station of East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in the city of Hachiōji, Tokyo, Japan. Nuclear football The nuclear football is the name given to a black briefcase which is carried along with the President of the United States at all times. Inside the briefcase are instruction manuals, a radio transmitter and authentication codes for the Emergency Broadcast System. The President can use the briefcase in case of emergency, to order the use of nuclear weapons. The briefcase is carried by a military aide for the President. Hizbul Mujahideen Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM) is one of the largest militant groups operating in Jammu and Kashmir from Azad Jammu and Kashmir and stands for the integration of the Disputed Territory and unification of all the Kashmir region with Pakistan. Since its formation the HuM has also wanted the Islamization of Kashmir. The HuM was formed in 1989 in the Kashmir Valley with Master Ahsan Dar as its chief. Dar was later arrested by the Indian all-armed forces by mid-December 1993. It was reportedly formed as the militant wing of the Jamaat-e-Islami (JeI) at the behest of the Inter Services Intelligence (ISI), Pakistan’s external intelligence agency, to counter the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), which had advocated complete independence of the State from the nations. Many of the early Hizb cadres were former JKLF members. Kalat, Pakistan Qalat or Kalat () is a historical town in Kalat District, Balochistan, Pakistan. Qalat is the capital of "Qalat District" and is known locally as Qalat-e Baluch. Qalat, formerly Qilat, is roughly in the center of Pakistani Balochistan, south and slightly west of the provincial capital Quetta. It was the capital of the Qalat Khanate. The Brahui population is almost completely Muslim. Makran (princely state) Makran was an autonomous princely state of both British India and Pakistan, which ceased to exist in 1955. It was located in the extreme southwest of Pakistan, an area occupied by the districts of Gwadar, Kech and Panjgur. The state did not include the enclave of Gwadar which was under Omani rule until 1958. Kharan (princely state) The State of Kharan was an autonomous princely state in British India (later Pakistan), in the southwest of modern Pakistan. It was established about the year 1697 CE. In 1948, the state was integrated into Pakistan's "West Pakistan". In 1971, East Pakistan became Bangladesh, and West Pakistan was renamed to "Pakistan". Since then, the state is organised as the Kharan District of Balochistan. Amb (princely state) Amb was a princely state of the former British Raj. It governed itself (it had autonomy), but was under the overall suzerainty of the British monarch. Amb was ruled by a hereditary prince with the title of Nawab. The Nawab of Amb was the chieftain of the Tanoli tribe of Pashtun from Ghilji confederation in the Hazara. In the Partition of India in 1947, the Nawab of Tanolis/TanoKhel gave up the independence the state had previously enjoyed by joining the new country of Pakistan. Amb continued as a distinct state within Pakistan until 1969, when it was merged into the former North-West Frontier Province. The royal status of the Nawab was abolished by the Government of Pakistan in 1972. The area in which Amb was located is historically known as Tanawal. This is in the Hazara region in what is now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The part covered by Amb is called "Upper Tanawal", and is now part of Mansehra District. "Lower Tanawal" is in the Abbottabad District. The name "Tanawal" comes from the name of the tribe that lives there, the Tanoli (or Tanawali). The Tanoli are Muslims. They speak Hindko. History. Amb and the area around it have a long history, which goes back to the time of the invasion of the region by Alexander the Great. A settlement called Embolina, located on the Indus River, is mentioned in writings by Arrian and Ptolemy. This is the place from which the Nawabs of Amb took their title. Amb was once formally known as Mulk e Tanawal (meaning the country of Tanawal). The early history of the region goes back to the centuries before the Mughal Empire. In the early 14th century, the Tanoli or Tanawali tribe arrived here from Central Asia, after coming through Afghanistan. They conquered it and settled here on the banks of the river Indus and a wide area around it, which thus came to be known as Tanawal. From early on, the Tanawal area stayed mostly free from the influence of the Mughals and Sikhs and later had only limited contact with British. The people of Tanawal thus had little or no contact with other places for a long period and remained ignorant and backward. At most times, they would resist outside authority, preferring to be ruled by their own chiefs at a local level. Until the late-18th or early-19th centuries, Tanawal was not one state. It was rather an area where several important Tanoli chiefs had authority over an area of influence. The Hindwal section chiefs remained stronger than the other. In 1772, Mir Haibat Khan, the eldest son of Mir Gul Muhammad Khan, was declared to be the chief of Upper Tanawal. Later, his descendants were made as the Nawabs of Amb under the British Raj, and continued ruling over this territory until 1972. Rulers. The rulers of Amb belonged to the Hindwal branch of the Tanoli. The Tanoli are of Mughal ancestry. The rulers are descendants of a Barlas Turk probably named Ameer Khan Turk but authentic records of the tribe no longer exist beyond the 18th century. List. The Nawabs, or rulers of Amb were: The concept of hereditary rulerships was abolished in Pakistan on 1 January 1972. It was done by a change to the constitution. This meant that the Nawab of Amb would no longer be recognised as a ruler. They could also no longer use their old styles and titles. The current head of the old/former royal family is Salahuddin Saeed Khan, since 1973. He is the son of the last Nawab and is allowed to use the courtesy title of 'Nawabzada' (son of a Nawab). Phulra Phulra was a minor princely state of both Pakistan and British India, in the modern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It was east of the nearby princely Amb. Both states ended in 1950 when they were merged into the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. There is some dispute as to whether Phulra ranked as a full princely state or as a minor noble estate ("jagir") of the Indian Empire. At present, Phulra is a small town and union council in Mansehra District, Hazara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Chitral (princely state) Chitral (or Chitrāl); was a former princely state of Pakistan and British India which ceased to exist in 1969. The area of the state now forms the Chitral District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Shahzada Ghaziuddin (Prince of Nagar) was a graduate from Aligarh university India. he was the son of Shuja ul mulk (Mehtar of Chitral) He was highly intelligent man and due to his intelligence, bravery, kind, loving nature was highly recognised. He was given the jagir of Nagar, Ursoon, patai, sweer, arandu, ziarat etc. Nagar fort was the winter resort of H.H Sir Shuja Ul Mulk. Dir (princely state) Dir was a small former princely state in the modern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan. The state ceased to exist in 1969 when it was incorporated into Pakistan. The area once occupied by the state (5,282 km²) now forms two districts of Pakistan - Upper Dir and Lower Dir. The two districts were part of Malakand Division until divisions were abolished as an administrative tier. Hunza (princely state) Hunza () was a former princely state in the northernmost part of the Northern Areas, of Pakistan, which existed until 1974. The state bordered the Gilgit Agency to the south, the former princely state of Nagar to the east, Chinese Turkistan to the north and Afghanistan to the northwest. The state capital was the town of Baltit (also known as Karimabad). The area of Hunza now forms the Aliabad Tehsil of Hunza-Nagar District. Nagar (princely state) Nagar () was a princely state in the northernmost part of the Northern Areas of Pakistan, which existed until 1974. The state bordered the Gilgit Agency to the south and west, and the former princely state of Hunza to the north and east. The state capital was the town of Nagar. The area of Nagar now forms three tehsils of Nagar District. Nagar along with Gilgit and Baltistan is falsely claimed by the Republic of India as so-called part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Polyurethane Polyurethane is a polymer. Its name is often shortened to "PU" or "PUR". Polyurethane is made of organic units, which are joined by urethane. Polyurethane polymers are formed through step-growth polymerization. In this process, a monomer containing at least two isocyanate functional groups reacts with another monomer containing at least two hydroxyl (alcohol) groups in the presence of a catalyst. Polyurethane is available with different levels of stiffness, hardness or densities. Examples for such materials are: Polyurethanes are widely used in high resiliency flexible foam seating, rigid foam insulation panels, microcellular foam seals and gaskets, durable elastomeric wheels and tires, automotive suspension bushings, electrical potting compounds, high performance adhesives and sealants, Spandex fibers, seals, gaskets, carpet underlay, and hard plastic parts. Polyurethane products are often called "urethanes". They should not be confused with the specific substance urethane, also known as ethyl carbamate. Polyurethanes are neither produced from ethyl carbamate, nor do they contain it. Violetta Villas Violetta Villas (born 10 June 1938 - 5 December 2011) was a Polish singer, actress, composer and songwriter. She was born in Verviers, Belgium. Her voice was a coloratura soprano which spans 4.7 octaves. In 1960s she was the star of revues in Paris, New York and Las Vegas. She died in Lewin Klodzki, Poland. Yutaka Fukufuji Yutaka Fukufuji (born September 17, 1982) is a Japanese professional ice hockey goaltender. He currently plays for the Nikkō Ice Bucks of the Asia League. He was drafted by the Los Angeles Kings with the 238th overall pick in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. He made his NHL debut with the Kings on January 13, 2007 and became the first Japanese player to start in a NHL game on January 16, 2007. He returned to the Bakersfield Condors on September 10, 2007. He signed a contract with the Destil Trappers of the Eredivisie and played a full season with them before returning to Japan in 2010 to play with the Nikkō Ice Bucks. XFL XFL, LLC, operated as XFL, was a professional American football. The league was founded by Vince McMahon, owner of the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). The league was founded in 2000. The XFL was supposed to be a major professional sports league complement to the off-season of the NFL, but could not find an audience and folded after its first season. The first and only champions were the Los Angeles Xtreme. Both the WWF and NBC each lost a reported $35 million. Urban Meyer Urban Meyer III (born July 10, 1964) is an American college football coach. He is the current head coach of the Ohio State Buckeyes team. He has also coached the Bowling Green Falcons, the Utah Utes and Florida Gators from 2005 to 2010. Rachael Yamagata Rachael Yamagata (born September 23, 1974) is an American singer-songwriter and pianist. She is from Arlington, Virginia. NCIS (TV series) NCIS (also called NCIS: Naval Criminal Investigative Service) is a crime-drama television series on CBS. It is about a team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service in Washington, D.C. Their job is to investigate crimes involving the US Navy and Marine Corps. The series is a spin-off from "JAG" and has the spin-offs called ' and '. NCIS NCIS can refer to: Cap-Haïtien Cap-Haïtien, also known as "Le Cap", (Kréyòl: "Kap Ayisyen", "Okap") is a city in northern Haiti. It is the capital city of the Nord "Département". The city is on the coast of the "Cap-Haïtien" Bay, on the Atlantic Ocean, about 260 km north of the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. The central part of the city is between the bay to the east, and mountains to the west. Cap-Haïtien is also the chief town of an "arrondissement" (a part of a department) with the same name. The "arrondissement" has three "communes" (a "commune" is like a municipality): Cap-Haïtien, Limonade and Quartier-Morin. History. On the left side of the river Haut du Cap, Christopher Columbus built a small fort with the rest of the ship "Santa María" when it was destroyed on Christmas Day on 1492; he named the fort as "La Navidad" (in English, "Christmas"). The region around the city had the Taíno name of "Guarico", the name used by the Spanish colonists for the region and the new city. When French people came from the Tortuga Island to live here, they founded the city in 1670 and the French King Louis XIV named the place as "Cap-Français" in 1711; it was then the capital city of the "Saint-Domingue" colony until 1770 when Port-au-Prince became the new capital city. The town was destroyed by Spanish people in January 1691, after the Battle of La Limonade; La Limonade is a savanna just to the east of Cap-Haïtien. Later, in 1695, the town was again destroyed by Spanish and English soldiers. Haiti, known as "Saint-Domingue" during colonial times, was the richest colony of France, and Cap-Français was the richest city in the colony. The city was known then as the "Paris of the west". During the Haitian Revolution, there was a battle on 18 November 1803 in Vertières, near Cap-Haïtien. In this battle, the army of Jean-Jacques Dessalines defeated a French colonial army led by the Comte de Rochambeau, leading to the independence of Haiti on 1 January 1804. After the Haitian independence, the country was divided in two parts and the northern part was made a kingdom by Henri Christophe and the name of the city was changed to "Cap-Henry". Christophe made Milot, a town 15 km to the south of the city, the capital of his kingdom. The city was named "Cap-Haïtien" after the death of Christophe and when Haiti became again one country. Economy. Cap-Haïtien is a very important port of northern Haiti; there is also an airport. Torrie Wilson Torrie Anne Wilson (born July 24, 1975 in Boise, Idaho) is a retired professional wrestler. She was best known for her time with World Wrestling Entertainment. She's a former WWE Women's Champion. She has also modeled for Playboy magazine. Mark Driscoll Mark Driscoll (born October 11, 1970) is an American pastor and author. He is the co-founder and pastor for preaching of Mars Hill Church in Seattle, Washington. Driscoll also co-founded the Acts 29 Network Church Building Network, and has written articles for the "Faith and Values" section of the "Seattle Times" newspaper. He also helped start "The Resurgence", a collection of missionary theology resources. Early life and education. He was born in Grand Forks, North Dakota and in 1989, he graduated from Highline High School in Burien, Washington, where he was the student body president and also wrote for the school newspaper. He earned a bachelor's degree in communications from Washington State University with a minor in philosophy and holds a Master of Arts degree in exegetical theology from Western Seminary. Alun Michael Alun Michael born August 22, 1943, is a Welsh politician. He graduated from Keele University. He was the First Minister of Wales. He also was the first Minister of the National Assembly for Wales. He was a journalist for the South Wales Echo from 1966 to 1971. Vatra Dornei Vatra Dornei is a city, spa, and resort in Suceava County, Romania. It contains the city proper and three villages: Argestru, Roşu and Todireni. Long-nosed bandicoot The long-nosed bandicoot, "Perameles nasuta", is a member of the bandicoot family which lives along the east coast of Australia from Victoria to Queensland. They are also found on the island of Tasmania. There are four species of long-nosed bandicoots, but "Perameles nasuta" is found in forests and rainforests. It has the shortest gestation and highest reproduction rate of all mammals. They live in small hidden nests, in among shrubs, hollow logs, or old rabbit burrows. Bandicoots are protected by law, but the areas they like to live in have been cleared for farming or housing. They are also hunted by dogs, cats and foxes. Rabbits have eaten many of the plants and made it unsuitable for bandicoots. Around Sydney, they listed as an endangered species. Description. The long-nosed bandicoot is a small animal, from 20—42.5 cm long with a thin rat like tail, from 7.5—17 cm in length. They weigh between 0.5—1.9kg. They are covered in coarse grey to brown fur, sometimes with a hint of yellow or orange. Their underbelly is a cream color. Being a marsupial the females have a rear opening pouch to carry their young. They have five clawed toes fingers on their front legs. Breeding. The long-nosed bandicoot lives by itself, often chasing away other bandicoots. Their breeding season depends on the region in which they live. The female gives birth to two or three young after a short gestation period of 12 days. The tiny babies, blind and hairless, about 13mm in length, then move to the pouch where they are able to drink milk from the females eight nipples. They leave the pouch at about 54 days. The female is then ready to breed again. they live for between three and five years. Diet. The long-nosed bandicoot is a nocturnal animal, coming out at night to find and eat insects, beetles, snails, worms, mice, lizards and tree roots. They are able to smell their food to find it. They use their front claws to dig a hole big enough to get their long nose in to find the food. They can be very unpopular in urban areas for digging up gardens. While looking for food they make a shrill high pitched squeak. Euroa Euroa is a town in north-east Victoria, Australia about 147 kilometers from Melbourne. It is close to the Strathbogie Ranges. In 2006 there were 2,776 people living in the town. The name "Euroa" comes from an Aboriginal word meaning "joyful". History. Major Mitchell camped on the banks of the Seven Creeks at Euroa during his 1836 expedition from Sydney. The Post Office opened on 1 January 1854 as the township was settled. Euroa became famous when the bank was robbed by Ned Kelly on December 10, 1878. The Kelly Gang got away with about £2000. There are a number of historic buildings still standing in Euroa. These include the Farmers Arms Hotel which was built in 1876, and is now used as a museum. Other buildings are the post office (1890), the old National Bank buildings (1885), the Euroa Hotel (1884) and Blairgowrie House (1890). The first church built in Euroa was the Catholic Church (1867). The Euroa court house was built in 1892 at a cost of £1354. It was designed by architect J.T.Kelleher, but many now believe it was the work of A.J.McDonald. The court house was closed in 1989. Sheep farming was a major business, with fine wool Saxon merino sheep being introduced in 1851. Farmers are now making more money from horses. Facilities. Euroa is roughly midway between Melbourne and Albury. The area is very flat, although the Strathbogie Ranges about 20 km south east of the town. Euroa has several retirement villages, one high school, and two primary schools. The Shire of Strabogie is based in Euroa. The main road from Melbourne northward is the Hume Highway. A by-pass was built around the town and since then Euroa has been a quiet town with little growth or business. The town is located on the main North East railway, and is served by V/Line passenger services. Sport. The town has an Australian Rules Football team, the "Euroa Magpies", competing in the Goulburn Valley Football League. Golfers play at the course of the Euroa Golf Club on Walters Road. Famous people. Three winners of the Victoria Cross for Australia came from the Euroa area: Ralph Almas Ralph Clayton "Red" Almas (April 26, 1924 - May 13, 2001) was a professional Canadian ice hockey goaltender who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League. He wore the jersey number "1". Craig Anderson (ice hockey) Craig Anderson (born May 21, 1981 in Park Ridge, Illinois) is a professional American ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the Ottawa Senators of the NHL. He also played for the Chicago Blackhawks, Florida Panthers, and Colorado Avalanche. Career statistics. Regular season and playoffs. Bolded numbers indicate season/playoff leader Dušan Petković Dušan Petković (born 13 June 1974) is a former Serbian football player. He has played for Serbia national team. Club career statistics. 124||7 25||1 12||2 26||3 22||3 209||16 International career statistics. !Total||7||1 Paulinho McLaren Paulo César Vieira Rosa (born 28 September 1963) is a Brazilian professional athlete. He is best known as a football player. Club career statistics. 10||2 10||2 Diego Lugano Diego Lugano (born 2 November 1980) is a Uruguayan football player. He plays for Fenerbahçe and Uruguay national team. Club career statistics. 59||4 106||8 72||11 237||23 International career statistics. !Total||41||4 KFC Uerdingen 05 KFC Uerdingen 05 is a football club from the Uerdingen district of Krefeld in Germany. The club plays in the NRW-Liga, which is the 5th division in Germany. History. The club was founded on 17 November 1905 as FC Uerdingen 05. In 1953 it merged with 1983 and 1995. In 1985 they won the German Cup. The next year they reached the semifinals of the UEFA Cup winners cup. In 1988 they won the German Indoor Cup. In 1995 they lost their main sponsor the Bayer AG and had financial problems. They were relegated the next years to the Regionalliga Nord (3rd division). Because they got no licence they were relegated to Oberliga Nordrhein (4th division) At the moment they play in the NRW-Liga. Current squad. "As of 17 April 2011" Honours. German Cup: 1985 UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992 European Cup Winners' Cup: Semi-finals 1986 FC St. Pauli F.C. St. Pauli 1910 is a German sports club which plays in Sankt Pauli quarter of Hamburg/ Germany. It is part of a larger sports club with different sections. 2010 they were promoted to the Bundesliga but were relegated the same season. They play in the 2. German Bundesliga. Football. Current squad. Correct as of 26 September 2012 Fans. In 2010, FC St. Pauli celebrated 100 years anniversary since the founding of FC Wed Pauli. At present FC holds mostly it's loyal fans, who are very active and come in large numbers both at home and away games. 18auf12 (officially registered fan club) written recorded with the artist Christoph Brüx the Birthdaysong "100 years FC St. Pauli - One Hundred Beers for You." St. Pauli opens its home matches with "Hells Bells" by AC/DC, and after every home goal "Song 2" by Blur is played. Arminia Bielefeld DSC Arminia Bielefeld (; full name: ; commonly known as Arminia Bielefeld (), also known as "Die Arminen" or "Die Blauen" ), or just Arminia (), is a German sports club from Bielefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia. Arminia offers the sports of football, field hockey, figure skating, and cue sports. The club has 12,000 members and the club colours are black, white and blue. Arminia's name comes from the Cheruscan chieftain Arminius, who defeated a Roman army in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. Alemannia Aachen The Aachener Turn- und Sportverein Alemannia 1900 (known as Alemannia Aachen) is a football club which plays in Germany's Regionalliga. The club is based in Aachen. The name Alemannia should stress being from the west of Germany. The club was founded in 1900 by students who played football. Stadium. Alemannia Aachen used to play at the "Old Tivoli" stadium which had a capacity of 21,632 spectators (3,632 seats). It was built in 1908 and was renovated several times. The club played its 2004 UEFA Cup matches, however, in Cologne's RheinEnergieStadion. In August 2009 the new stadium, the "New Tivoli" was opened, which has a capacity of 32,960 spectators (11,681 in standing areas). Nickname. "Alemannia" has the strange nickname of the "Potato Beetles". This is because of their striped yellow-black jerseys, which make them look like the beetles 1. FC Saarbrücken 1. FC Saarbrücken is a football club that plays in Germany. They represened Saarland at the 1955–56 European Cup Ataliba Carlos Eduardo Soares (born 2 March 1979) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Paulínia FC. Club career statistics. 121||3 24||2 145||5 Hiroyuki Ishida Hiroyuki Ishida (born 31 August 1979) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Fujieda MY. Club career statistics. 21||2||0||0||0||0||21||2 20||6||||||||||20||6 81||8||||||||||81||8 5||0||||||||||5||0 127||16||0||0||0||0||127||16 Eijun Kiyokumo is a former Japanese football player and manager. He played for the Japan national team. Biography. Kiyokumo was born in Koshu on September 11, 1950. After graduating from Hosei University, he joined Japan Soccer League club Furukawa Electric in 1973. In 1976, the club won the champions in Japan Soccer League and Emperor's Cup. The club also won 1977 and 1982 JSL Cup. He retired in 1982. He played 149 games and scored 6 goals in the league. He was selected Best Eleven in 1974, 1975 and 1976. On September 28, 1974, Kiyokumo debuted for the Japan national team against South Korea. He played at 1976 Summer Olympics qualification, 1978 World Cup qualification and 1980 Summer Olympics qualification. He played 42 games for Japan until 1980. After retirement, Kiyokumo became a manager for Furukawa Electric (later "JEF United Ichihara") as Masao Uchino successor in 1984. He led the club to won 1985/86 Japan Soccer League, 1986 JSL Cup. In Asia, the club won 1986 Asian Club Championship. This is first Asian champion as a Japanese club. He resigned in 1990. In 1992, he served an assistant coach for Japan national team under manager Hans Ooft. In 1994, he returned to JEF United Ichihara and managed the club until 1995. In 1998, became a manager for Japan U-20 national team. In 1999, he signed with Omiya Ardija and became a general manager. In October 2003, he became a manager as Masaaki Kanno successor. Statistics. 149||6 149||6 !Total||42||0 Tennis Borussia Berlin Tennis Borussia Berlin is a football club which plays in Germany. It is a local team in the sixth tier of the German football league system. Bayer 04 Leverkusen Bayer 04 Leverkusen Fußball GmbH is a football club which plays in Germany. FC 08 Homburg FC 08 Homburg is a football club which plays in Germany. SV Darmstadt 98 SV Darmstadt 98 is a football club which plays in Germany. Stuttgarter Kickers SV Stuttgarter Kickers is a football club which plays in Germany. Svealand Svealand is the central region in Sweden. It consists of the historical provinces of Dalarna, Närke, Södermanland, Uppland, Värmland, Västmanland. Mo Lewis Morris "Mo" C. Lewis (born October 21, 1969 in Atlanta, Georgia) is a retired American football player. He played for the New York Jets. Goro (Mortal Kombat) Goro is a fictional character in the "Mortal Kombat" fighting game franchise by Midway Games and NetherRealm Studios. He debuted as the sub-boss of the original 1992 Mortal Kombat and has also been featured as a sub-boss in the home ports of "Mortal Kombat 4" (1997), the 2011 reboot, and "Mortal Kombat X" (2015). The character is a Shokan, a half-human, half-dragon race distinguished by their four arms and enormous size. Goro begins the series as champion of the eponymous Mortal Kombat tournament, a title he has held for 500 years. He is generally depicted in a villainous role, fighting for Outworld against Earthrealm's warriors. An iconic figure in the franchise, Goro is regarded as one of the most memorable and difficult bosses in video game history. He has appeared in various media outside of the games. Portrayals. He was portrayed by Kevin Michael Richardson in a 1995 movie. Pavle, Serbian Patriarch Patriarch Pavle (Paul) (; 11 September 1914 - 15 November 2009) was the 44th Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church. He was the spiritual leader of Eastern Orthodox Serbs from 1990 to his death. His full title was "His Holiness the Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, Serbian Patriarch Pavle". He was the oldest living leader of an Eastern Orthodox church. His health was bad. For this reason, he had to spend his last years in a Military Medical Academy in Belgrade. During this time, his duties were done by Metropolitan Amfilohije. Eurytides Eurytides is a genus of butterflies. "Eurytides" is in the family Papilionidae. The species in this genus are native to North America, Central America, and South America. Ōshima Oshima() is a Japanese word which means big island. Japan has several places called Oshima: Tōkaidō Shinkansen The Tōkaidō Shinkansen () is a high speed railway line of Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) in Japan. It is also the first high speed railway line in the world, and it marked the start of the Shinkansen technology. Trains. There are three types of trains serving this route. When the Tōkaidō Shinkansen started operations in 1972, only "Hikari" and "Kodama" were serving this line. Among the two trains types, "Kodama" trains stop at all stations, while the "Hikari" trains skip some of the stations to make the travel shorter. In early 1990s, "Nozomi" was added to the service. "Nozomi" trains skips even more stations then the "Hikari", which is now the fastest service on this route. Manuel Neuer Manuel Peter Neuer ( ]; born 27 March 1986) is a German footballer. He is the goalkeeper for FC Bayern Munich and Germany national team. Career. Neuer started playing for the youth teams of Schalke 04 when he was five years old. On 19 August 2006 he played his first match in the Bundesliga. Because he was very good, he replaced Frank Rost as Schalke's number one. Rost left Schalke in 2007 and plays now for the New York Red Bulls. On 1 June 2011 Schalke and Bayern Munich announced that Neuer would move to Bayern Munich in July 2011. There he signed a five-year contract that will last until June 2016. The transfer was worth €18 million, therefore making him the third most expensive goalkeeper of all time. During the 2014 FIFA World Cup Neuer made some world class saves and only conceded a few goals during the tournament, but in the European qualifiers he conceded 2 major goals in a 2-0 loss to Poland. Despite injuries in the 2017 - 2018 season, he was picked to be Germany's number one goalkeeper at the 2018 World Cup until their early exit following a 2 - 0 loss to South Korea. T he result led to Germany’s earliest World Cup exit since the 1930s loss to Switzerland. Neuer has also played for all of the youth teams of the Germany national football team from the Under-18 team and on. On 2 June 2009, he played for the first time in the senior team against the United Arab Emirates. Neuer was selected as Germany's number one for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The star goalkeeper is considered one of the world’s best goalkeepers as he won the IFFHS World’s Best Goalkeeper from 2013 to 2016. He also won the FIFA best goalkeeper award following Germany’s victory at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. In addition, he also finished third behind Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi at the 2014 FIFA Ballon d’Or Award. The following season, his power saving skills helped Schalke to advance to the quarter-finals of the UEFA Champions League; thus emerging UEFA Club Goalkeeper of the Year. Given the captain band of the Schalke team in 2010, Manuel led the team to the Champions League semi-final that year and after the 2011/12 season, he ended his career with Schalke. Joining Bayern Munich in June 2011, Manuel Neuer has been the first choice goalkeeper for the club and has led the team to win several championships. Tim Wiese Tim Wiese (born 17 December 1981 in Bergisch Gladbach) is a German football player. He plays for TSG 1899 Hoffenheim and has played Germany national team. Career. Wiese started to play football as a child at "DJK Dürscheid". Later he came to the youth teams of Bayer Leverkusen, where he started to play as a goalkeeper. In 1999 he came to Fortuna Köln in "Regionalliga Nord", which was the third highest football league at that time. In 2002 he came to Kaiserslautern and played in 65 Bundesliga matches for them. Since 2005, Wiese plays for Werder Bremen. On 19 November 2008 he played in the German national team for the first time. It was a friedly match against England, which was lost 2-1. In 2012 he left Bremen and became keeper and captain of TSG 1899 Hoffenheim. Club career statistics. 194||0 194||0 International career statistics. !Total||2||0 Andreas Beck Andreas Beck (born 13 March 1987 in Kemerovo, Soviet Union) is a German footballer. Career. Beck was born in Siberia as a Russian German and came to West Germany in 1990. He started to play football in Königsbronn and Aalen in eastern Baden-Württemberg. In 2000, he came to the youth teams of VfB Stuttgart. His first match in the Bundesliga was on 11 February 2006. He played in four matches of the 2006-07 Bundesliga season and won the German Championship with Stuttgart. In summer 2008 he went to TSG 1899 Hoffenheim, a team which was new in the Bundesliga. On 11 February 2009, he played in his first international match for the German national football team. It was a friendly match against Norway. He became Hoffenheim's second player who played for Germany (the first was Marvin Compper in 2008). King's Men (playing company) The King's Men was a company of actors. William Shakespeare belonged to it through most of his career. During the rule of Queen Elizabeth I, they were known as "The Lord Chamberlain's Men". They became "The King's Men" in 1603 when King James I had the throne and became the company's patron. All acting groups had to have a licence to perform, and the licence was usually owned by an important nobleman. Another company of actors at the time was "The Admiral's Men" supported by Lord Howe, the Lord High Admiral of England. Jérôme Boateng Jérôme Agyenim Boateng (born 3 September 1988) is a German professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Bayern Munich and the Germany national team. Career. Boateng's mother is German, his father was from Ghana. He began to play football at Tennis Borussia Berlin and came to the youth teams of Hertha BSC Berlin in 2002. On 31 January 2007 he had his first Bundesliga match against Hannover 96. His half-brother, Kevin-Prince Boateng, played also for Hertha BSC at that time. In 2007, Boateng came to Hamburger SV. In season 2008-09, he played with them in the semi-finals of DFB-Pokal and UEFA Cup, but lost both times against SV Werder Bremen. Boateng was a member of the German Under-21 team who won the UEFA Under-21 European Championship in June 2009. On 10 October 2009, he had his first match in Germany's senior football team against Russia. There he had to leave the football field when he saw his second yellow card after 69 minutes. Hertha BSC Hertha BSC is a German football club based in Berlin. They started in 1892. Hertha Berlin was one of the founding clubs of the DFB (Deutscher Fußball Bund or German Football Association) in Leipzig in 1900. History. Early years. "BFC Hertha 92" (Berlin Foortbal Club Hertha 92) was formed in 1892. Its name and team colours were taken from a steamship with a blue and white funnel. One of the men who founded the club had taken a day trip on this ship with his father. Hertha is a variation on the name Nerthus, a Germanic fertility goddess. Hertha always played well, but were not financially successful. They won the first Berlin championship final in 1905. Because of money troubles in 1920 Hertha merged with the richer "Berliner Sport-Club" to form "Hertha Berliner Sport Club". The new team was still successful, but never the best. Hertha BSC was in the German championship final every year from 1926 to 1930, but were only able to win in 1930. Hertha and BSC split in 1930, and Hertha won the championship again in 1931. "Hertha" was Germany's second most successful team during the inter-war years. Play under the Third Reich. German football was re-organized under the Third Reich in 1933 into sixteen top-flight divisions, which saw "Hertha" playing in the Gauliga Berlin-Brandenburg. The club continued to be successful in their division, regularly finishing in the upper half of the table and capturing the divisional title in 1935, 1937, and 1944. However, they did not do well nationally, and never got past the early rounds of the national championshipships. Postwar play in divided Berlin. After World War II, occupying Allied authorities banned most organisations in Germany, including sports and football clubs. "Hertha" restarted at the end of 1945 as "SG Gesundbrunnen" (named after a district of northern Berlin) and resumed play in the Oberliga Berlin - Gruppe C. The thirty-six teams of the first season of the postwar Oberliga Berlin were reduced to just 12 the next year and the club found itself out of first division football and playing in the Amateurliga Berlin. By the end of 1949, they had become "Hertha BSC Berlin" again. In the 1949/50 season the Soviets would not allow "Hertha" to play against East German teams, because they had signed some players and a coach who had left the Dresden club "SG Friedrichstadt" for West Berlin. A number of sides from the eastern half of the city were forced from the Oberliga Berlin to the newly established DDR-Liga beginning with the 1950-51 season. Throughout the 1950's there was a rivalry with "Tennis Borussia Berlin", but the idea of the two merger between the two clubs in 1958 was rejected. Bundesliga. Hertha was a founder of the Bundesliga in 1963 and was Berlin's reigning champion. But Hertha was demoted after the 1964-65 season because the club had tried to bribe players to play in the city after the Berlin Wall had been built, and players did not want to move to the city. To keep a Berlin team in the Bundesliga, "Tasmania 1900 Berlin", were promoted instead. Tasmania were the worst side ever in the Bundesliga history. "Hertha" returned to the Bundesliga in 1968-69 and became Berlin's favourite side. "Hertha" had to sell the team's former home ground in 1974 when investigations about the match fixing scandal of 1971 showed that the club was 6 million DM (€3 million) in debt. The team continued to enjoy a fair measure of success during the 70s but gradually slipped down into the third tier Amateur Oberliga Berlin where they spent two seasons (1986-87 and 1987-88). After two turns in the Bundesliga (1982-83 and 1990-91) Hertha was immediately relegated after poor performances. "Hertha"'s amateur side was more successful, getting to the final of the German Cup in 1993 where they lost 0:1 to Bundesliga side "Bayer Leverkusen". By 1994 Hertha BSC was 10 million DM (€5 million) in debt. More land had to be sold and a new sponsor and management team were found. By 1997 "Hertha" got back into the Bundesliga. The y were the first Berlin club in 10 years to be in the top division. Since then they have generally finished in the top third of the Bundesliga. Most recently, bright spots for the side have been a continuous string of appearances in international play in the UEFA Cup and the UEFA Champions League beginning in the 1999 season, and the signing of players such as Sebastian Deisler and Brazilian international Marcelinho, named the Bundesliga's player of the year in May of 2005. Hertha has also invested heavily in its own youth football academy, which has produced several players with Bundesliga potential. The team was close to relegation in the 2003-04 season, but managed to finished 4th the following season. Hertha only missed out on the Champions League after they were held to a draw on the final day by Hannover 96, which saw Werder Bremen over take them for the spot on the final day. As a thank-you gesture, Werder sent the Hannover squad ninety-six bottles of champagne. In 2005-06 the "Herthaner" finished 6th, and qualified for the UEFA Cup by defeating FK Moskva in the Intertoto Cup. Stadium. "Hertha BSC" plays its matches in Berlin's Olympiastadion. It is biggest stadium in Germany except for "Borussia Dortmund"'s Westfalenstadion. The Olympiastadion hosts the annual German Cup final and was the site for six matches of the 2006 FIFA World Cup as well as the tournament final. From 1904 to 1963, "Hertha"'s home ground was the Plumpe in Wedding's Gesundbrunnen district. A new stadium was built there in 1923. "BSC" left that site when it joined the Bundesliga in 1963. It was the sale of the Plumpe site in 1974 helped the club avoid bankruptcy Players. Squad Changes 2009/10. In: Out: Russell Peters Russell Dominic Peters (born September 29, 1970) is a Canadian comedian from Toronto. He goes around the world performing his comedy act. In 2008, he hosted the Juno Awards. Miguel Magno Miguel Magno (28 March 1951 – 17 August 2009) was a Brazilian actor, director and author. Was known for playing female roles. Magno came to the role of 11 different women characters in the play Quem tem medo de Itália Fausta (Who's Afraid of Itália Fausta?). The actor had consistent theatrical career as an actor, director and playwright. Was co-founder of the Teatro Orgânico Aldebarã, in the 70's. Participated in several soap operas and plays. Its most striking character in the television soap opera was on "A Lua me Disse", of Rede Globo, where he lived the "crossed-dresser" Dona Roma. In 2009 Miguel Magno was invited by Miguel Falabella character to another woman: Dr. Perci of "Toma Lá, Dá Cá". The actor died on 17 August 2009, as a result of a cancer at the age of 58. Was hospitalized since July in the Hospital Paulistano. Eddie Hazel Edward Earl "Eddie" Hazel (April 10, 1950 – December 23, 1992) was an American guitarist. He is most famous for working with Parliament-Funkadelic. "Maggot Brain" is famous song by Parliament-Funkadelic and has a ten-minute guitar solo which is one of Hazel's most famous guitar songs. In 2008 Rolling Stone Magazine listed Maggot Brain as number 60 on its list of the "" 100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time"." In the mid 1970s Hazel was also a member of The Temptations and recorded two albums with the group. Through his career Hazel had problems with drug and alcohol addiction. In 1974, Hazel was arrested for hitting an airplane stewardess as well as a drug charge. He spent some time in jail. In 1977 he released his only solo album. In 1992 Eddie Hazel died from internal bleeding and his liver failed. This was caused by stomach problems due to his alcoholism and drug abuse. The song "Maggot Brain" was played at his funeral. In 1997, 5 years after his death, Hazel was made a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Parliament-Funkadelic. Eddie Hazel is listed at 43 in Rolling Stone Magazine's "100 Greatest Guitarists Of All Time" issue. Parliament (band) Parliament was a funk and soul group from the United States. They were started in 1968 by George Clinton. Booker T (wrestler) Booker Tio Huffman (born March 1, 1965 in Houston, Texas) is an American retired professional wrestler that is currently signed to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), working on their SmackDown brand as a color commentator. Huffman returned to WWE as a surprise entrant during the 2011 Royal Rumble. He has also wrestled for TNA Impact! from 2007-2009. He is a former one time WCW Champion, two time WCW Tag Team Champion with Test, one time World Heavyweight Champion, three time World Tag Team Championship with Test (1), Goldust (1), and Rob Van Dam (1) one time WWE Intercontinental champion, three time WWE United States champion, two time WWF Hardcore Champion and was the winner of the 2006 King of the Ring. Mandelbrot set The Mandelbrot set is an example of a fractal in mathematics. It is named after Benoît Mandelbrot, a Polish-French-American mathematician. The Mandelbrot set is important for chaos theory. The edging of the set shows a self-similarity, which is perfect, but because of the minute detail, it looks like it evens out. The Mandelbrot set can be explained with the equation formula_1. In that equation, formula_2 and formula_3 are complex numbers and formula_4 is zero or a positive integer (natural number). Starting with formula_5, formula_2 is in the Mandelbrot set if the absolute value of formula_7 never becomes larger than a certain number (that number depends on formula_2), no matter how large formula_4 gets. Mandelbrot was one of the first to use computer graphics to create and display fractal geometric images, leading to his discovering the Mandelbrot set in 1979. That was because he had access to IBM's computers. He was able to show how visual complexity can be created from simple rules. He said that things typically considered to be "rough", a "mess" or "chaotic", like clouds or shorelines, actually had a "degree of order". The equation formula_1 was known long before Benoit Mandelbrot used a computer to visualize it. Images are created by applying the equation to each pixel in an iterative process, using the pixel's position in the image for the number 'c'. 'c' is obtained by mapping the position of the pixel in the image relative to the position of the point on the complex plane. The shape of the Mandelbrot Set is represented in black in the image on this page. For example, if formula_11 then the sequence is formula_12 which goes to infinity. Therefore, 1 is not an element of the Mandelbrot set, and thus is not coloured black. On the other hand, if formula_2 is equal to the square root of -1, also known as i, then the sequence is formula_14 which does not go to infinity and so it belongs to the Mandelbrot set. When graphed to show the entire Set, the resultant image is striking, pretty, and quite recognizable. There are many variations of the Mandelbrot set, such as Multibrot, Buddhabrot, and Nebulabrot. Multibrot is a generalization that allows any exponent: formula_15. These sets are called Multibrot sets. The Multibrot set for "d" = 2 is the Mandelbrot set. Gilbert Arenas Gilbert Jay Arenas Jr. (born January 6, 1982 ) is an Cuban-American basketball player who last played for the Shanghai Sharks. He also played for the Golden State Warriors from 2001 to 2002 and the Washington Wizards from 2003 to 2010. He went to University of Arizona for college. In 2010, he got arrested for pulling a gun on Javaris Crittendon, a teammate. Gilbert Jay Arenas, Jr. is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Shanghai Sharks of the Chinese Basketball Association. Liteni Liteni is a town found in Suceava County, Romania. Taijutsu Taijutsu is a martial art that relies on speed and strength. Wilf Cude Wilf Reginald Cude (4 July 1910 – 5 May 1968) was a NHL ice hockey centre who played 10 seasons for numerous NHL teams. Cude learned to play hockey in Winnipeg. He led the Detroit Red Wings to their first Stanley Cup finals although they lost to the Chicago Black Hawks three games to one in a best-of-five series. Paul Goodman Paul Goodman (November 8, 1908 – October 1, 1959) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played three seasons for the Chicago Black Hawks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He won the Stanley Cup in 1938 with the Chicago Black Hawks. United Center United Center (nicknamed ""The Madhouse on Madison II","The UC" and "The House That Jordan Built"") is a sports arena located in Chicago, Illinois. The arena opened in 1994, and right now the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA) play there. There is a statue of Michael Jordan on the east side of the arena. The Bulls and Blackhawks moved to the United Center in 1994. This was a change for both organizations as they had previously played in the older Chicago Stadium for many years. The Blackhawks, previously also called the Chicago Stadium Corporation, rather than the Bulls, were the actual owners of both the previous Chicago Stadium and now the United Center. Baqubah, Iraq Baqubah or Baquba is a village in the Middle Eastern country of Iraq. Four Horsemen (professional wrestling) The Four Horsemen were a very popular professional wrestling stable in the National Wrestling Alliance and World Championship Wrestling. They debuted 1986 and disbanded 1999, The original members of the stable were Ric Flair, Arn Anderson, Tully Blanchard, and Ole Anderson. The stable is named after Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. The stable was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Dusty Rhodes in 2012. NHL 10 NHL 10 is a ice hockey video game developed by EA Canada and published by EA Sports. It was released on September 15, 2009 for North America and September 18, 2009 for Europe all for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. Patrick Kane is the cover athlete for the North American version of "NHL 10". I Love Lucy I Love Lucy is an American sitcom. It stars Lucille Ball, Desi Arnaz, Vivian Vance, and William Frawley. It was written by television writer Bob Schiller. The black-and-white series first ran from 15 October 1951 to 6 May 1957 on CBS. Even after the series ended in 1957, it continued for three more seasons with 13 one-hour specials. This show ran from 1957 to 1960. It was known first as "The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Show" and later in reruns as "The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour". The series is about two married couples living in New York City: Ricky and Lucy Ricardo, and oldsters Fred and Ethel Mertz. They all live in the same apartment building. Ricky is a nightclub band leader. Lucy is a housewife. Many episodes revolve around Lucy's attempts to get into Ricky's show. She often pulls Fred and Ethel into her schemes. In one episode, Lucy and Ethel are assembly line workers in a candy factory. They cannot keep up with packaging the candy so they eat it. In another episode, Lucy gets drunk on a health tonic while shooting a television commercial. Four or five episodes follow the couples on trips to Italy and to Hollywood. Ball and Arnaz were real-life husband and wife. They became the parents of a boy during the run of the series. This event was woven into the series. A child actor played their son "Little Ricky". Eventually they would all move to a rural area in Connecticut. "I Love Lucy" was the most watched series in the United States in four of its six seasons. It was the first to end its run at the top of the Nielsen ratings. "I Love Lucy" is still syndicated in dozens of languages around the world. The series was the first scripted television program to be shot on 35 mm film in front of a studio audience. The show won five Emmy Awards, and received numerous nominations. In 2002, it ranked second on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 2007, it was listed as one of "Time" magazine's "100 Best TV Shows of All-"TIME"." "I Love Lucy" remains very popular today. It is still seen by 40 million Americans each year. Kingstown Kingstown is the capital city of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The population of Kingstown as of 2008 is 24,518. Kingstown exports bananas, coconuts, and arrowroot. Kingstown was started as a settlement by the French a little after 1722. The botanical garden in Kingstown is one of the oldest ones in the Western Hemisphere. Euphoria Euphoria (from Ancient Greek , from εὖ (eu), "well", and φέρω (pherō), "to bear") is a mental and emotional condition which makes a person feel extremely happy, excited, and carefree. These feelings are much stronger and more intense than what a human would normally feel. However, some natural human behaviors can cause brief states of euphoria. For example, people may feel euphoric for a short time after orgasm, when in love, or after a very important athletic achievement. Sometimes, people can also feel euphoria during certain religious or spiritual rituals, or while meditating. More often, euphoria is caused by certain psychoactive drugs, mental illnesses, or medical problems. Euphoria is the opposite of dysphoria. Causes. Drugs. Euphoria can be caused by psychoactive drugs like cocaine and alcohol methamphetamines. Some of the drugs that can cause euphoria are: Mental Illness. Euphoria can be a symptom of some mental illnesses. For example, euphoria is a common symptom of mania, an extreme, high-energy mood state which can happen with bipolar disorder and other mental health conditions. Medical Illness. Euphoria can also be a symptom of some medical problems. It is a common symptom of hypoxia. It is a dangerous symptom, because it can make a hypoxic person feel so good and carefree that they do not realise that they are not getting enough oxygen. Euphoria can be a symptom of hyperthyroidism. It can also be caused by head injuries or conditions which affect the central nervous system, like syphilis and multiple sclerosis. Exercise. Sometimes, people feel euphoria when exercising. A well-known example is "runner's high," a state of euphoria and high energy that runners sometimes experience, especially during intense workouts. According to recent studies, intense exercise can cause the brain to release endorphins. These endorphins attach to the same brain receptors as opioid drugs, so they can cause the same euphoric effects as those drugs do. Unfortunately, this means that a person could get chemically addicted to consistent exercise, just as he or she might get addicted to opiates. Shanxi Shanxi (山西) is a province of the People's Republic China. It is in northern China. The Yellow River flows through it. The name "Shanxi" means "mountain's west" or "west of the mountains", as it is west of the Taihang Mountains. Its major cities are its capital Taiyuan, Datong, Changzhi, and Yangquan. The abbreviation of Shanxi is Jin (晋), since there is another province, Shandong (山东), that has the word "Shan" (山) in it, meaning "mountain" in Chinese. Although in pinyin, the name of the neighboring province to the west, "Shaanxi", is spelled exactly the same as "Shanxi", the only difference in how the two words are pronounced is that the first syllable in "Shanxi" is said using the first tone in Mandarin, while the first syllable in "Shaanxi" is said with the third tone. Since tone markers are not usually used to show how to pronounce the two different names, the first word in "Shaanxi" is spelled using the Gwoyeu Romatzyh method instead, which indicates tones by adding extra letters to a syllable. Notable residents. Mi Fu, poet Mi Fei Mi Fu (1051–1107), also known as Mi Fei was a Chinese painter, poet, and calligrapher born in Taiyuan, Shanxi during the Song Dynasty. His style of painting was misty landscapes. This style is the "Mi Fu" style uses large wet dots of ink. This ink is put on with a flat brush. Life. Mi Fu was born in 1051. His mother was employed as a midwife to deliver Emperor Shenzong and afterwards she became the wet-nurse who look after and feed the Emperor Shenzong who was to start his reign in 1051 and continue until 1107. Mi Fu knew the imperial family and he lived in the privileged location of the royal palaces. He ignored formal lessons but it could be seen that he had a gift for writing, painted and drawing. He was one of the four best calligraphers in the Song Dynasty. Mi Fu was known as odd. Some called him "Madman Mi" because he collected stones and said one stone was his brother. He was a heavy drinker. His poetry followed the style of Li Bai and his calligraphy that of Wang Xizhi. He became a civil servant to mixed success. He was firstly a book editor in the emperors library before undertaking a number of posts in Henan province. He was given the post of Professor of Painting and Calligraphy in 1103 at the Palace to select which painting and calligraphy is good enough to belong to the Emperor. He became secretary to the Board of Rites before he was appointed governor of Huaiyang in Jiangsu province. He had five sons and eight daughters. He died in 1107. His son, Mi Youren, would also be a famous painter in his father's artistic style. Mi Fu is considered the best of all the calligraphers of the Song dynasty. An example of his work has sold for nearly four million dollars. Heredity Heredity is the passing of traits (characteristics) from parents to offspring. In biology, the study of heredity is called genetics. With most living things, heredity is analysed by breeding (making crosses), often in a laboratory. But with humans, heredity is studied in other ways. Family pedigrees, identical twins and DNA genome analysis all provide clues. A trait which may be inherited is heritable; it is inborn or innate. Variation Variation in biology usually refers to the heritable differences within a species. This is important in genetics, and the study of evolution in natural populations. Heritable variation is ultimately caused by mutations of genes and chromosomes, and shuffled by recombination. Outcrossing keeps, and inbreeding reduces, heritable variation. Other variations are caused during life, and are not passed on to the next generation by heredity. Variation is also a term used in biodiversity for the variety of life forms in a given ecosystem. Taiyuan Taiyuan is a city in China. It is the capital of Shanxi Province. Mi Fu the poet was born here in 1051. Danielle Souza Danielle Souza (born 2 January 1981) is a Brazilian model from Santa Catarina, popularly known as Mulher Samambaia (Fern Woman). Biography. Until 2003, Danielle lived in Balneário Camboriú. That same year, she went to São Paulo, where she won the traditional competition "As Felinas" and soon after was invited to pose for Playboy in November 2003, in where posed with Antonela Avellaneda, who participated in the Big Brother Brazil 4. Danielle was invited by the former director of the "Pânico na TV" to record a pilot program, which already premiered the following week. He has worked in the "Pânico na TV" as "Mulher Samambaia", and besides being a stage assistant, also participated in some frames of the program. Danielle did a new photo shoot for the magazine "Sexy" in December 2004, already with a reputation for Mulher Samambaia. Again posed nude for the magazine Sexy in August 2007. The photos were taken in Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul. Danielle is studying interior design and want to specialize in decorating and landscaping. In the carnival of 2009 participated in the parade GRES Alliança as Musa battery. Participated in the reality show of Rede Record, "A Fazenda". Gugu Liberato Antônio Augusto de Moraes Liberato (April 10, 1959 — November 21, 2019), better known as Gugu Liberato or just Gugu, was a Brazilian television presenter, businessman, actor and singer. Gugu was hired by Silvio Santos after writing letters suggesting television shows to be aired. He started in television at age fourteen as a production assistant on the program "Domingo no Parque," presented by Silvio Santos on SBT. He was thought one of the most famous and successful Brazilian television hosts of all time. Shortly before his death, Gugu owned a fortune of about $1 billion built over a career started as an office boy. Gugu set up an empire that includes a television and video production company, sixteen stores that bear his name, a water park and a gas station. On November 20, 2019, Gugu suffered an accident in his house in Orlando, Florida, when he fell from the ceiling and hit his head. He died the following day, November 21, but his family only released an official note on November 22. Clog dance Clogging is a form of tap dancing. It is a type of folk dance. Clogs are shoes that cloggers wear. Dancers hit the heel, the toe, or both against a floor or each other to make a sound. Baba Yaga The Baba Yaga is a mythical witchlike character. She is found in Slavic stories. She is one of the most popular demons in slavic beliefs. She looks like an ugly woman. She lives in a house that has giant chicken feet, so it can walk around. Sometimes she travels in a mortar and pestle that can fly by magic. Baba Yaga is different from most folklore characters because even though she is usually bad, sometimes she is good. Sometimes she makes things or helps the story's hero make things. Scholar Andreas Johns says that Baba Yaga is meant to be like nature itself: She can help but she can also eat you. In popular culture. Baba Yaga appears as a character in many video games and other works of fiction, for example the "Quest for Glory" series of games. The feminist website "The Hairpin" wrote an advice column called "Ask Baba Yaga" as a joke. Red Buttons Red Buttons (born Aaron Chwatt, February 5, 1919 - July 13, 2006) was an American actor and comedian. Buttons won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the movie "Sayonara". He was also in the movie "The Poseidon Adventure". Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (27 March 1817 – 11 May 1891) was a Swiss botanist. He studied cell division, but became known as the man who discouraged Gregor Mendel from further work on genetics. Rudolf Virchow Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow (13 October 1821 – 5 September 1902) was a German doctor, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist and politician, known for his advancement of public health. Referred to as "the father of pathology," he is considered one of the founders of social medicine. He coined the catch-phrase "omnis cellula e cellula", meaning, cells only derive from other cells. Robert Remak Robert Remak (26 July 1815 – 29 August 1865) was a German embryologist, physiologist, and neurologist, born in Posen, Prussia. Remak obtained his medical degree from Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin in 1838 specializing in neurology. He worked on embryology, and also discovered unmyelinated nerve fibres and the nerve cells in the heart sometimes called Remak's ganglia. He studied under Johannes Muller at the University of Berlin. Remak discovered that the origin of cells was by the division of pre-existing cells. Despite his accomplishments, because of his Jewish faith he was repeatedly denied full professor status until late in life, and even then was denied the usual benefits of the position. Oscar Hertwig Oscar Hertwig (21 April 1849, Friedberg, Hesse – 25 October 1922, Berlin) was a German zoologist, anatomist and professor, who also wrote about the theory of evolution over 55 years after Charles Darwin's "The Origin of Species". Oscar Hertwig was a leader in the field of embryology. He discovered fertilization of sea urchins, he recognized the role of the cell nucleus during inheritance and chromosome reduction during meiosis. In 1876, he found that fertilization includes the penetration of a spermatozoon into an egg cell. He thought, correctly, that the vectors of hereditary traits resided in the nuclei of the egg and sperm. His work on the development of sea urchin eggs was fundamental and lasting; his work on evolution was not. He was opposed to 'chance', as he thought was Charles Darwin's theory. He wrote: "Das Werden der Organismen, eine Widerlegung der Darwinschen Zufallslehre" (Jena, 1916) (translation: "The Origin of Organisms: a refutation of Darwin's theory of chance"). Hertwig was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1903. Igersheim Igersheim is a city in Germany. It is between Heilbronn and Würzburg in Baden-Württemberg. Bihari languages Bihari is a group of Indic languages spoken in parts of Bangladesh and Bihar. Walther Flemming Walther Flemming (21 April 1843 – 4 August 1905) was a German biologist and a founder of cytogenetics. Making use of dyes he was able to find a structure which he named chromatin. He identified that chromatin was correlated to threadlike structures in the cell nucleus– the chromosomes (meaning "coloured body"). Edouard Van Beneden (1846–1910) had also observed them, independently. Flemming investigated the process of cell division and the distribution of chromosomes to the daughter nuclei, a process he called mitosis from the Greek word for thread. However, he did not see the splitting into identical halves, the daughter chromatids. He studied mitosis, both in life and in stained preparations, using as the source of biological material the fins and gills of salamanders. These results were published first in 1878 and in 1882 in the seminal book "Zellsubstanz, Kern und Zelltheilung" (1882; Cell substance, nucleus and cell division). On the basis of his discoveries, Flemming surmised for the first time that all cell nuclei came from another predecessor nucleus (he coined the phrase "omnis nucleus e nucleo", after Virchow's "omnis cellula e cellula"). Flemming was unaware of Gregor Mendel's (1822–1884) work on heredity, so he did not make the connection between his observations and genetic inheritance. Two decades would pass before the significance of Flemming's work was truly realized with the rediscovery of Mendel's rules. His discovery of mitosis and chromosomes is considered one of the 100 most important scientific discoveries of all times, and one of the 10 most important discoveries in cell biology. Eduard Strasburger Eduard Adolf Strasburger (1 February 1844 in Warsaw – 19 May 1912 in Bonn) was a German professor who was one of the most famous botanists of the 19th century. In 1868 he taught at the University of Warsaw. In 1869 Strasburger was appointed professor of botany at the University of Jena. After 1881 he was head of the "Botanisches Institut" at the University of Bonn. Accomplishments. Strasburger was a founder of the famous "Lehrbuch der Botanik für Hochschulen" ("Textbook of Botany"), which first appeared in 1894. He was the first to provide an accurate description of the embryonic sac in gymnosperms (such as conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants), along with demonstrating double-fertilization in angiosperms. He came up with one of the modern laws of plant cytology: "New cell nuclei can only arise from the division of other nuclei", and originated the terms cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. At about the same time as Walther Flemming, and Edouard van Beneden, he worked out chromosome movement during mitosis in plant cells. His work on the upward movement of tree sap proved that the process was physical and not physiological. Awards. He was awarded the Linnean Society's prestigious Darwin-Wallace Medal in 1908. Edouard van Beneden Edouard Joseph Marie Van Beneden (Leuven, 5 March 1846 – Liège, 28 April 1910), cytologist and marine biologist. He was professor of zoology at the University of Liège. He contributed to cytology and genetics by his work on the roundworm "Ascaris". In this work he discovered how chromosomes combined during meiosis, during the production of gametes. Beneden discovered, with Walther Flemming and Eduard Strasburger, the essential facts of mitosis. In contrast to meiosis, the double (diploid) set of chromosomes in daughter cells is identical to those in the parent cells. Excepting rare accidents, there is no change in the genetic apparatus. In meiosis, only one set of chromosomes ends up in each gamete, a condition called haploid. Father. Van Beneden's father was also a well-known biologist. Pierre-Joseph van Beneden (18091894) introduced two important terms into evolutionary biology and ecology: mutualism and commensalism. Ascaris Ascaris is a genus of parasitic nematode worms known as the "giant intestinal roundworms". One species, "A. suum", typically infects pigs, while another, "A. lumbricoides", affects humans, typically in sub-tropical and tropical areas with poor sanitation. "A. lumbricoides" is the largest intestinal roundworm and is the most common worm infection of humans, an infection known as "ascariasis". Infestation can cause morbidity, and sometimes death, by compromising nutritional status, affecting cognitive processes, inducing tissue reactions, such as granuloma, and provoking intestinal obstruction or rectal prolapse. The roundworms are members of the phylum Nematoda. They are an extremely successful group; it is estimated that they represent 90% of all life on the seafloor. Free (band) Free were an English rock band. The band started in London, England in 1968. They are best known for their famous song called "All Right Now". When the band ended the singer, Paul Rodgers, went on to form the band Bad Company. The lead guitarist of Free was named Paul Kossoff. In 1976 he died from a drug-induced heart failure. He was only 25 years old. Bacardi Bacardi is a spirits company that was founded February 4, 1862 in Cuba. It is named after the founder "Facundo Bacardí", a wine merchant. Facundo use to filter the rum through charcoal, which removed impurities. In addition to this, He aged the rum in oak barrels, which had the effect of "mellowing" the drink. Mick Jagger Sir Michael Philip "Mick" Jagger (born 26 July 1943) is an English musician, producer and actor. He is most famous for being the singer of the Rolling Stones. In 2003 he was knighted for his services to music. Early Life. Michael Jagger was born at Livingstone Community Hospital in Dartford, He is child of Basil Fanshawe Jagger and Eva Ensley Mary, Personal life. Jagger is known for his many high-profile relationships. He married Nicaraguan-born Bianca De Macias on 12 May 1971. It was a Catholic ceremony in Saint-Tropez, France. In late 1977, he began seeing model Jerry Hall. This was while still married to Bianca. Jagger and Hall lived together for many years. They were married on 21 November 1990, in a Hindu beach ceremony in Indonesia. The marriage ended in August 1999. Relationships. Jagger has also been romantically linked to other women: Chrissie Shrimpton, Marianne Faithfull, Anita Pallenberg, Marsha Hunt, Pamela Des Barres, Uschi Obermaier, Bebe Buell, Carly Simon, Margaret Trudeau, Mackenzie Phillips, Janice Dickinson, Carla Bruni, Sophie Dahl and Angelina Jolie, among others. He was in a relationship with L'Wren Scott (1964-2014) from 2001 until she committed suicide in 2014. Jagger's girlfriend Melanie Hamrick is pregnant with his eighth child. In March 2019, Jagger had to postpone his tour due to medical reasons. A few days later it was announced that he would have heart valve replacement surgery. Jagger has seven children by four women: Net worth. His personal fortune was estimated in 2010, at £190 million (~$298 million US). Burn It to the Ground "Burn It to the Ground" is a 2009 rock song by the Canadian rock band Nickelback off their "Dark Horse" album. It became the theme song for WWE Raw on November 16, 2009 and is featured on the soundtrack to the video game NHL 10. Rădăuţi Rădăuţi is a municipality of Suceava County in Romania. 27,759 people live in Rădăuţi. Geography. Rădăuţi can be found in Bukovina, between the Suceava and Suceviţa rivers. It is 23 miles north of Suceava. Maria Kanellis Maria Louise Kanellis (born February 25, 1982 in Ottawa, Illinois) is an American female professional wrestler. She is best known for her time with World Wrestling Entertainment from 2004 to 2010. She joined WWE again in June 2017 and she will be with real-life husband, Mike Kanellis. Jillian Hall Jillian Faye Hall (born Jillian Faye Fletcher; September 6, 1980 in Ashland, Kentucky) is an American retired female professional wrestler and singer. She is best known for her time with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) where she competed under the ring name Jillian Hall. She released a Christmas album titled "A Jingle with Jillian", which was sung completely in her character of a terrible singer. The album reached #20 on the UK Holidays Top 100 shortly after its release. During her time in the WWE, She was a one-time WWE Divas Champion. On November 19, 2010, her WWE contract expired and WWE announced that they were not going to renew it. After being released, she wrestled on the independent circuit until announcing her retirement on January 21, 2014. Khufu Khufu was a Pharaoh (or leader) of Ancient Egypt's Old Kingdom. He was the Pharaoh of Egypt from around 2589 to 2566 B.C.E . Khufu was the second pharaoh of the Fourth dynasty. He is also thought to be the one who built the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Khufu's full name was "Khnum-Khufu" which means "the god Khnum protects me." Ajana, Western Australia Ajana is a small farming town in Western Australia. It is about 530 kilometres north east of Perth. The town was officially started in 1915. In 2006, there were 22 people living at Ajana. The name of the town might be from an Australian Aboriginal word, "Ajano", used for the area nearby. It might also be from the word "Ngajna", meaning "mine", as a place where stone axes could be made. Victor Posa Victor Posa (born 5 November 1966 in Bari) is an Italian ice hockey player. He played 2 games for the Chicago Black Hawks of the NHL. Genetic linkage Genetic linkage occurs when alleles at different loci do not segregate at random. Mendel's second law is thus broken. Genes are linked when they are on the same chromosome. They then tend to stay together during meiosis. Alleles for genes on different chromosomes are usually not linked, due to independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis. There is some crossing over of DNA during meiosis when the chromosomes segregate. So, alleles on the same chromosome can be separated and go to different daughter cells. There is a greater probability of this happening if the alleles are far apart on the chromosome, as it is more likely that a cross-over will occur between them. The relative distance between two genes can be calculated using the offspring of an organism showing two linked genetic traits. The percentage of offspring where the two traits do not run together is noted. The higher the percentage of offspring showing both traits, the closer on the chromosome the two genes are. This was the first technique used for mapping genes on chromosomes. By working out the number of recombinants it is possible to obtain a measure for the distance between the genes. This distance is called a "genetic map unit" (m.u.), or a "centimorgan" and is defined as the distance between genes for which one product of meiosis in 100 is recombinant. A recombinant frequency (RF) of 1 % is equivalent to 1 m.u. A linkage map is created by finding the map distances between a number of traits that are present on the same chromosome, ideally avoiding significant gaps between traits to avoid the possibility of multiple crossovers. Barthélemy Dumortier Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier (Tournai, 3 April 1797 – 1878) was a Belgian botanist and politician. Some consider him to be the true discoverer of cell division, although he is rarely credited as such. His 1832 paper deals with this topic. Eddie Van Halen Edward Lodewijk "Eddie" Van Halen (January 26, 1955 - October 6, 2020) was a Dutch-born American guitarist, keyboardist, songwriter and producer. He is most famous as the guitarist and co-founder of the hard rock band Van Halen. He is listed as number 70 in Rolling Stone Magazine's "Top 100 Guitarists of All Time" issue. In 2007 Eddie Van Halen was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Van Halen died from a stroke caused by throat cancer at Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica, California on October 6, 2020, at the age of 65 surrounded by his wife, Janie; son and Van Halen bassist, Wolfgang; ex-wife Valerie Bertinelli; and brother, Alex; co-founder and drummer of Van Halen. Some of Van Halen's childhood landmarks in Pasadena became memorials where fans could pay their respects. Eddie Cheever Edward "Eddie" McKay Cheever, Jr. (born January 10, 1958 in Phoenix, Arizona) is an American racing driver. He raced for almost thirty years in Formula One, Sports cars, CART and the Indy Racing League. Cheever participated in 143 World Championship Formula One races and started 132, more than any other American, driving for nine different teams from 1978 through 1989. In 1997, he formed his own IRL team and won the Indianapolis 500 as both owner and driver in 1998. The team now competes in sports cars. Eddie Irvine Edmund "Eddie" Irvine, Jr. (Born 10 November 1965, Newtownards, County Down) is a former racing driver from Northern Ireland. He raced under a British Driving License. Irvine spent time in the 1980s and early 1990's in Formula Ford and F3000. He joined Formula One in 1993, scoring a point on his debut as he replaced Emanuele Naspetti. He stayed on for Jordan in 1994 and 1995, before going on to drive for Scuderia Ferrari in 1996. His results were not as successful as Michael Schumacher's, including eight straight DNF's (Did not Finish) in a row in 1996. He eventually improved, scoring more podiums as he went along with the team. In 1999 Michael Schumacher, the "#1 driver" for Ferrari was injured during a race at Silverstone. Irvine was made the #1 driver. The team put all their efforts towards Irvine winning a driver's championship. It wasn't successful, but Irvine did place second in the championship. Irvine left Ferrari after that season because he was frustrated with Ferrari's policy on team orders, which meant that one driver was labelled as "being #1." So, Irvine joined the new Jaguar Racing team in 2000, where he finally became the lead driver. However, the car was not competitive and reliable, so Jaguar, despite having lots of experience with Irvine, had little results. Irvine obtained the only two podiums Jaguar would ever see, and Irvine retired from Formula One after 2002. Wilhelm Roux Wilhelm Roux (9 June 1850 in Jena – 15 September 1924 in Halle) was a German zoologist, anatomist and pioneer of experimental embryology. For ten years he worked in Breslau (now Wroclaw), becoming director of his own Institute of Embryology in 1879. He was professor at Innsbruck, Austria from 1889–95, then accepted a professorial chair at the Anatomical Institute of the University of Halle, a post he retained until 1921. Embryology. Roux's research was based upon the notion of "Entwicklungsmechanik" or developmental mechanics. His methodology was to interfere with developing embryos and observe the outcome. Roux's investigations were performed mainly on frogs' eggs to research the earliest structures in amphibian development. His goal was to show Darwinian processes at work on the cellular level. In 1888, Roux published the results of a series of defect experiments in which he took 2 and 4 cell frog embryos and killed half of the cells of each embryo with a hot needle. He reported that they grew into half-embryos and surmised that the separate function of the two cells had already been determined. This led him to propose his "mosaic" theory: after a few cell divisions the embryo would be like a mosaic, each cell playing its own unique part in the entire design. After a few years Roux's theory was refuted by the studies of his colleague Hans Driesch and later, with more precision, Hans Spemann showed that, as a rule, Driesch's conclusions were correct, but that results like Roux's may be obtained after intervention in certain planes. Despite this early lapse Roux's pioneering mechanical methodology was to prove most fruitful in 20th century biology. Cell biology. In a remarkable paper, Roux realised the significance of the linear structure of chromosomes. Their splitting into two equal longitudinal halves assured each daughter cell got the same chromosome complement. Therefore, chromosomes were the bearers of heredity. This was a significant event in cytogenetics. Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line The Marunouchi Line (丸の内線,まるのうちせん) is a metro line of Tokyo Metro in Tokyo, Japan. Poanes Poanes is a genus of butterflies. The species are native to North America, Central America, and South America. Concentric Concentric objects share the same center, axis, or origin. Circles,spheres, cylinders, tubes, and other round objects can be concentric. Concentric shapes do not normally have the same radius. Andreas Hinkel Andreas Hinkel (born 26 March 1982) is a German football player. He plays for Celtic and Germany national team. Career. Hinkel grew up in Leutenbach in the state of Baden-Württemberg and started to play football there. When he was ten years old, he came to the youth teams of Stuttgart. In 2001 he had his first matches for Stuttgart in the UEFA Cup and in the Bundesliga. From 2003 to 2009, he played 21 matches for the Germany national team. His first international match was on 30 April 2003 against Serbia and Montenegro. In 2006 he came to Sevilla in the La Liga. He won the UEFA Cup and the Copa del Rey with them. When he was in Sevilla, he did not play for Germany any more. He did not take part in 2006 FIFA World Cup and in 2008 UEFA Euro. In the year 2008 he came to Celtic in Glasgow. They won Scottish Premier League in 2008 and the Scottish League Cup in 2009. On 10 September 2008, he played his first match for Germany after three years. Club career statistics. 156||1 15||0 48||1 219||2 International career statistics. !Total||21||0 Nymphalidae The Nymphalidae is the largest family of butterflies, with about 6,000 species. They live on all continents except Antarctica. They are commonly known as nymphalids, brushfoots, or brush-footed butterflies. Characteristics. Brushfoots get their name from their front pair of legs. This pair of legs is reduced. They do not have claws at the end. Only the middle and last pair of legs are used for walking. This is why they are called brush-footed butterflies or four-footed butterflies. Many species are brightly colored and include popular species such as the emperors, admirals, tortoiseshells, and fritillaries. Most hold their colourful wings flat when they are at rest. However, the underwings are often dull; in some species they look just like dead leaves, or are much paler. So when they raise their wings in the normal butterfly position, this cryptic effect helps the butterfly disappear into its surroundings. Marcel Schäfer Marcel Schäfer (born 7 June 1984 in Aschaffenburg) is a German footballer. Career. Schäfer came to the youth teams of 1860 Munich when he was 16 years old. In 2003 he played his first and only Bundesliga match for Munich. After the Bundesliga season 2003-04, 1860 Munich was relegated to the 2. Bundesliga. Schäfer played three more years for Munich. In 2007 he went back to the Bundesliga and came to V.f.L. Wolfsburg. They won their first German Championship in 2009. Schäfer plays for the German national football team since the year 2008. His first international match was against England on 19 November 2008. Dred Scott Dred Scott (1799 – September 17, 1858) was a slave in the United States of America who took legal action to get his freedom in the Dred Scott v. Sanford case. His case was rejected by the Supreme Court. Many people were angry at the decision, and slavery became one of the main issues in the American Civil War a few years later. Slavery was ended after the Confederate States of America surrendered. Louis Farrakhan Louis Eugene Farrakhan (born May 11, 1933) is an American religious leader, political activist and writer, black nationalist and social commentator. He is the leader of the religious group known as The Nation of Islam, which is based on an African-American interpretation of Islam. Many people say that he was involved in a plot to kill Malcolm X. He is known for his antisemitism views and anti-White views. In 2007, he retired. Farrakhan was born Louis Eugene Wolcott in The Bronx, New York. He started playing the violin when he was six years old. He went to the Boston Latin School. Farrakhan now lives in Kenwood, Chicago. In 1953, he married Khadijah Farrakhan. They have nine children. Synod of Dort The Synod of Dort was a national council that took place in 1618-1619 in the town of Dordrecht in the Netherlands. The Dutch Reformed Church held the meeting in order to discuss a very important issue in the Dutch churches that begin with the teachings of Jacobus Arminius and the rise of Arminianism. The first meeting was on November 13, 1618, and the last meeting, which was the 154th, took place on May 9, 1619. Members from the Reformed churches in eight different countries were also invited to this meeting. The name "Dort" is the English name for the Dutch town of "Dordrecht" and is still used as the pronunciation of the name today. This synod, or meeting, is usually called the Synod of Dordt or the Synod of Dordrecht. Purpose. The reason that this meeting was called was to settle an issue that had just been brought up in the Dutch churches after the spread of Arminianism. After Jacob Arminius died, people that believed the same way that he did objected to the Belgic Confession and the teachings of John Calvin and Theodore Beza. Arminius's followers published their problems with the Confession in a paper called The Remonstrance of 1610. The followers of the things listed in this document were called Remonstrants. Calvinists, who followed the teachings of John Calvin, became known as "Contra-Remonstrants". In "The Remonstrance" and some later writing, the Arminians wrote about an alternative to the Calvinist Belgic Confession and mentioned several things that they disagreed with. They taught election on the basis of God knowing who would have faith, a universal atonement, resistible grace and the possibility of walking away from grace. Simon Episopius was the speaker for the 13 members of the Remonstrants who were called to the Synod in 1618. The end of the meetings and the Canon of Dort. The meetings concluded with the views of the Remonstrants being rejected and set out the Reformed doctrine on each of the points. These are sometimes called the Five points of Calvinism and are remembered by the five letters "TULIP". "The Decision of the Synod of Dort on the Five Main Points of Doctrine in Dispute in the Netherlands", known as the Canons of Dort, is the reasoning behind the decisions made by the Synod. The "Canons" are not supposed to be an absolute explanation of the Reformed doctrine, but only explain the five points of doctrine that were being argued over. Jacob Arminius Jacobus Arminius (October 10, 1560 – October 19, 1609), is the Latin name of the Dutch theologian Jakob Hermanszoon. He is also known by the names of Jacob Arminius or James Arminius. Arminius was a professor of theology at the University of Leiden from 1603 until he died in 1609. He wrote many books and papers on theology, which is the study of God, and his views became the basis for the Dutch Remonstrants. After he died, his views on theology were most widely known for being the opposite of the five points of Calvinism, though Arminius only objected to three: unconditional election, limited atonement, and irresistible grace; and he doubted the perseverance of the saints. His view on total depravity agreed with John Calvin, only changing the view held by Calvinists a small amount. Life. Arminius was born at Oudewater, Utrecht. His father Herman died when Arminius was a baby, leaving his wife (and Jacob's mother) as a single mother with small children. Theodorus Aemilius, a priest, adopted Jacobus and sent him to school at Utrecht. His mother was killed by the Spanish in Oudewater in 1575. About that same year the kindness of his friends allowed him to go study theology at the University of Leiden. Valdeir Vieira Valdeir Vieira (born 11 July 1944) is a Brazilian football manager. Richart Báez Richart Báez (born 31 July 1973) is a former Paraguayan football player. He has played for Paraguay national team. Club career statistics. 9||3 34||3 3||0 46||6 International career statistics. !Total||26||2 Mustapha Hadji Mustapha Hadji (born 16 November 1971) is a Moroccan football player. He has played for Morocco national team. Club career statistics. 134||31 27||3 47||3 97||14 15||5 54||10 42||24 416||90 International career statistics. !Total|||| Alexi Lalas Alexi Lalas (born June 1, 1970) is a former American soccer player. He has played for United States national team. Club career statistics. 44||2 169||16 213||18 International career statistics. !Total||96||9 Christian Wilhelmsson Christian Wilhelmsson (born 8 December 1979) is a Swedish football player. He plays for Al-Hilal and Sweden national team. Club career statistics. 52||13 84||25 90||13 13||0 19||1 8||0 15||1 281||53 International career statistics. !Total||59||4 Kei Yamaguchi is a Japanese football player. He plays for JEF United Ichihara Chiba. Ivan Turgenev Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev (9 November 1818 - 3 September 1883) was a Russian writer, most famous for his novel "Fathers and Sons". Life. Turgenev was born into a rich land-owning family in Oryol, Russia, on 9 November 1818. His father died when Turgenev was sixteen. He and his brother Nicholas were brought up by their mother. She did not treat them well. Turgenev went to the University of Moscow for one year and then moved to the University of Saint Petersburg, where he studied Classics and Russian Literature. In 1838 he went to the University of Berlin to study philosophy and history. Turgenev liked Germany and thought Russia should change their social system to be more like Germany’s. The 1840s and 1850s were hard times for writers and artists in Russia. The political system did not allow them to express themselves as they wanted to. Many intelligent Russians left the country and went to England, France and Germany. In 1852 Turgenev himself was put in prison for a month for praising Nikolai Gogol – a famous Russian writer who had been criticised by the ruling powers in the country. In 1854, Turgenev moved to Western Europe and started writing his novel "Rudin", which complained about the Russia of the 1840s and 1850s. The political system in Russia changed in 1855 when Alexander II took over power from his father Nicholas I. Writers and artists had more freedom from this time. In 1860 one of Turgenev’s most famous novels, "First Love", was published. In 1862, "Fathers and Sons", Turgenev’s most famous novel, appeared. Many people did not like the novel which upset Turgenev and he began to write less. "Smoke" was published in 1867, but again was not popular in Russia. In 1879, he received an honorary degree from the University of Oxford in England. In later life, Turgenev did not live in Russia much. He lived either at Baden-Baden or Paris, often near the singer Pauline Viardot, who he was having an affair with. He never married, but he did have a daughter with one of his family’s servants. Turgenev died near Paris on 3 September 1883. On his deathbed he told Leo Tolstoy to start writing again. Turgenev had an awkward relationship with two other famous Russian writers – Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky. Tolstoy and Dostoevsky criticised Turgenev for liking Western Europe and its literature more than Russian literature. Turgenev was also close to the French writer Gustave Flaubert. Kim Jung-woo Kim Jung-Woo (born 9 May 1982) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Korean national team. Club career statistics. 122||8||16||1||24||2||162||11 52||7||2||0||6||0||60||7 174||15||18||1||30||2||222||182 International career statistics. !Total||49||2 Marek Špilár Marek Špilár (11 February 1975 – 7 September 2013) was a former Slovak football player. He has played for Slovakia national team. On 7 September 2013, Špilár committed suicide by jumping out of a fifth-floor window in Prešov. Club career statistics. 40||0 128||9 31||0 24||1 223||10 International career statistics. !Total||30||0 Andrej Panadić Andrej Panadić (born 9 March 1969) is a former Croatian football player. He has played for Yugoslavia's national team. Club career statistics. 76||7 72||7 197||12 14||1 51||3 410||30 International career statistics. !Total||3||0 Franck Durix Franck Durix (born 20 October 1965) is a former French football player. Kim Sang-woo (footballer, born 1987) Kim Sang-Woo (born 18 May 1987) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player.. Club career statistics. 31||1||0||0||31||1 31||1||0||0||31||1 Shigeru Yokotani Shigeru Yokotani (born 3 May 1987) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Gamba Osaka. Club career statistics. 81||8||3||0||2||0||86||8 81||8||3||0||2||0||86||8 Michihiro Yasuda is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. His brother Kodai Yasuda is also a footballer. Biography. Yasuda was born in Osaka Prefecture on December 20, 1987. He joined J1 League club Gamba Osaka from their youth team in 2006. He played many matches as left side back from 2007. The club won the champions in the 2007 J.League Cup, 2008 and 2009 Emperor's Cup. In Asia, the club won the champions in 2008 AFC Champions League which is first Asian title in the club history. In 2011, he moved to Dutch Eredivisie club Vitesse. Although he played many matches until the 2011/12 season, he could not play many matches in the 2012/13 season. He returned to Japan in summer 2013 and joined Júbilo Iwata. From 2014, he played for Sagan Tosu, Vissel Kobe and Nagoya Grampus. In 2017, he moved to K League Challenge club Busan IPark. In 2018, he returned to Japan and played for J2 League club Albirex Niigata and JEF United Chiba. In 2007, Yasuda was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 2007 U-20 World Cup and played all 4 matches. In February 2008, he was selected the Japan national team for 2008 East Asian Football Championship. At this tournament, he debuted against North Korea on February 17. In August 2008, he also played for Japan U-23 national team at 2008 Summer Olympics. He played 7 games and scored 1 goals for Japan until 2011. Statistics. 250||9||24||0||29||2||23||4||326||15 45||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0||54||0 21||1||4||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||25||1 316||10||34||0||29||2||26||4||405||16 !Total||7||1 Toshihiro Yamaguchi is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. Biography. Yamaguchi was born in Kumamoto Prefecture on November 19, 1971. After dropped out from Kindai University, he joined J1 League club Gamba Osaka in 1993. He became a regular player from 1994. He moved to Kyoto Purple Sanga in 1996 and played until 1997. In June 1998, he signed with Sanfrecce Hiroshima. The club won the 2nd place at 1999 Emperor's Cup. He retired end of 2000 season. On July 8, 1994, Yamaguchi debuted for the Japan national team against Ghana. He also played at 1995 King Fahd Cup. He played 4 games for Japan until 1995. Statistics. 158||31||11||3||27||2||200||36 158||31||11||3||27||2||200||36 !Total||4||0 Takuya Kokeguchi Takuya Kokeguchi (born 13 July 1985) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Kataller Toyama. Club career statistics. 95||4||4||0||9||0||108||4 95||4||4||0||9||0||108||4 Hogares CREA Hogar CREA is a group that helps drug addicts break their habits. It was started in Puerto Rico in 1968 by Javier Garcia Rios "CheJuan". It spread to several Latin American countries and to the US in the early 80's but is on the decline in the US. "CREA" is based on the idea of who to better treat drug addiction than an addict. Many people believe that it is a money making scam. Photorespiration Photorespiration, or "'photo-respiration'", is a process in plant metabolism. A sugar has oxygen added to it by the enzyme (RuBisCO), instead of carbon dioxide during normal photosynthesis. This process reduces efficiency of photosynthesis. Photorespiration can occur when carbon dioxide levels are low, for example, when the stomata are closed to prevent water loss during drought. In most plants, photorespiration increases as temperature increases. Photorespiration produces no ATP and leads to a net loss of carbon and nitrogen (as ammonia), slowing plant growth. August Weismann August Friedrich Leopold Weismann (Frankfurt am Main, 17 January 1834 – Freiburg, 5 November 1914) was a German evolutionary biologist. Weismann is much admired today. Ernst Mayr thought he was "one of the great biologists of all time", and ranked him "the second most notable evolutionary theorist of the 19th century", after Charles Darwin. Weismann's barrier. Weismann advocated the "germ plasm" theory. According to this, inheritance only takes place by means of the germ cells the gametes, such as egg cells and sperm cells. Other cells of the body (somatic cells or "soma") are not agents of heredity. The effect is one-way: germ cells produce somatic cells, and more germ cells. The germ cells are not affected by anything the somatic cells learn or any ability the body acquires during its life. Genetic information cannot pass from soma to germ plasm and on to the next generation. This is referred to as the "Weismann barrier". This idea, if true, rules out the inheritance of acquired characteristics as proposed by Lamarck. The idea of the Weismann barrier is central to the modern evolutionary synthesis, though it is not expressed today in the same terms. In Weismann's opinion the random process of mutation in the gametes (or stem cells which make them) is the only source of change for natural selection to work on. Weismann was one of the first biologists to deny the inheritance of acquired characters entirely. Weismann's ideas came before the rediscovery of Gregor Mendel's work. Though Weismann was cagey about accepting Mendelism, younger workers soon made the connection. German work on cells. Weismann's demarkation between germ-line and soma rested on the work of (mostly) German biologists during the second half of the 19th century. This was the time that the mechanisms of cell division began to be understood. Eduard Strasburger, Walther Flemming, and the Belgian Edouard Van Beneden laid the basis for the cytology and cytogenetics of the 20th century. Strasburger, the outstanding botanical physiologist of that century, coined the terms nucleus and cytoplasm. He said "new cell nuclei can only arise from the division of other cell nuclei". Van Beneden discovered how chromosomes combined at meiosis, during the production of gametes. Walther Flemming, the founder of cytogenetics, named mitosis, and pronounced "omne nucleus e nuclei" (which means the same as Strasburger's dictum). The discovery of mitosis, meiosis and chromosomes is regarded as one of the 100 most important scientific discoveries of all times, and one of the 10 most important discoveries in cell biology. Meiosis was discovered and described for the first time in sea urchin eggs in 1876, by Oscar Hertwig. It was described again in 1883, at the level of chromosomes, by Van Beneden in "Ascaris" eggs. The "significance of meiosis for reproduction and inheritance", however, was first described in 1890 by Weismann, who noted that two cell divisions were necessary to transform one diploid cell into four haploid cells if the number of chromosomes had to be maintained. Thus the work of the earlier cytologists laid the ground for Weismann, who turned his mind to the consequences for evolution, which was an aspect the cytologists had not addressed. All this took place before the work of Mendel had been rediscovered. Theodor Boveri Theodor Heinrich Boveri (12 October 1862 – 15 October 1915) was a German biologist who made discoveries in cytology, embryology and genetics. His career was devoted to the processes whereby a new individual arises from parental reproductive materials. His work with sea urchins showed that it was necessary to have all chromosomes present in order for proper development of the embryo to take place. This discovery was an important part of the Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory. His other significant discovery was the centrosome (1888), which he described as the "especial organ of cell division". Boveri also discovered the phenomenon of chromatin diminution during embryonic development of the nematode "Parascaris". Boveri–Sutton hypothesis. 1902–1904: Boveri, in a series of papers, drew attention to the correspondence between the behaviour of chromosomes and the results obtained by Mendel. He said that chromosomes were "independent entities which retain their independence even in the resting nucleus... What comes out of the nucleus is what goes into it". In 1903 Walter Sutton suggested that chromosomes, which segregate in a Mendelian fashion, are hereditary units. E.B. Wilson, who was Sutton's teacher, called this the "Sutton–Boveri hypothesis". Cancer. Boveri reasoned that a cancerous tumor begins with a single cell in which the make up of its chromosomes becomes scrambled, causing the cells to divide uncontrollably. It was only later that researchers such as Thomas Hunt Morgan showed that Boveri was correct. Fred Hoyle Sir Fred Hoyle (24 June 1915 – 20 August 2001) was an English astronomer. He is noted mainly for being the first man to think of the idea that nuclear fusion might happen in stars, like our Sun. In addition to his work as an astronomer, Hoyle was a writer of science fiction, including a number of books co-written with his son Geoffrey Hoyle. Fred Hoyle gave the Big Bang theory its name in a radio broadcast. Awards Edmund Beecher Wilson Edmund Beecher Wilson (Geneva, Illinois, 19 October 1856 – 3 March 1939) was a pioneering American zoologist and cell biologist. He wrote one of the most famous textbooks in the history of modern biology, "The Cell". Career. Wilson graduated from Yale in 1878. He earned his doctorate at Johns Hopkins in 1881. He was a lecturer at Williams College in 1883–84 and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1884–85. He served as professor of biology at Bryn Mawr College from 1885 to 1891. He spent the balance of his career at Columbia University where he was successively adjunct professor of biology (1891–94), professor of invertebrate zoology (1894–1897), and professor of zoology (from 1897). Wilson is credited as America's first cell biologist. In 1898 he used the similarity in embryos to describe evolutionary relationships. By observing spiral cleavage in molluscs, flatworms and annelids he concluded that the same organs came from the same group of cells and concluded that all these organisms must have a common ancestor. He also discovered the chromosomal XY sex-determination system in 1905—that males have XY and females XX sex chromosomes. Nettie Stevens independently made the same discovery the same year. In 1907, he described, for the first time, the additional or supernumerary chromosomes, now called B-chromosomes. Professor Wilson published many papers on embryology, and served as President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1913. The American Society for Cell Biology annually awards the E.B. Wilson Medal in his honour. Sutton and Boveri. 1902–1904: Theodor Boveri (1862–1915), a German biologist, in a series of papers, drew attention to the correspondence between the behaviour of chromosomes and the results obtained by Mendel. He said that chromosomes were "independent entities which retain their independence even in the resting nucleus... What comes out of the nucleus is what goes into it". In 1903 Walter Sutton suggested that chromosomes, which segregate in a Mendelian fashion, are hereditary units. Wilson, who was Sutton's teacher, called this the "Sutton–Boveri hypothesis". Reginald Punnett Reginald Crundall Punnett FRS (Tonbridge, Kent, 20 June 1875 – Bilbrook, Somerset, 3 January 1967) was a British geneticist. He became Professor of Biology and then Professor of Genetics at the University of Cambridge. He co-founded, with William Bateson, the "Journal of Genetics" in 1910. Punnett is probably best remembered today as the creator of the Punnett square, a tool still used by biologists to predict the probability of possible genotypes of offspring. His "Mendelism" (1905) is sometimes said to have been the first textbook on genetics; it was probably the first popular science book to introduce genetics to the public. Life and work. Reginald Punnett was born in 1875 in the town of Tonbridge in Kent, England. While recovering from a childhood bout of appendicitis, Punnett became acquainted with Jardine's Naturalist's Library and developed an interest in natural history. Attending the University of Cambridge, Punnett earned a degree in zoology in 1898, and a masters in 1902. Between these degrees he worked as a demonstrator and part-time lecturer at the University of St Andrews Natural History Department. However, by 1902 Punnett was back at Cambridge working in zoology, primarily the study of nematode worms. It was during this time that he and William Bateson began a research collaboration, which lasted several years. When Punnett was an undergraduate, Gregor Mendel's work on inheritance was largely unknown and unappreciated by scientists. However, in 1900, Mendel's work was rediscovered. William Bateson became a proponent of Mendelian genetics, and had Mendel's work translated into English. It was with Bateson that Reginald Punnett helped establish the new science of genetics at Cambridge. He and Bateson co-discovered genetic linkage through experiments with chickens and pea plants. In 1908, unable to explain how a dominant gene would not become fixed and ubiquitous in a population, Punnett introduced his problem to the mathematician G. H. Hardy, with whom he played cricket. Hardy went on to formulate what became known as the Hardy–Weinberg law. In 1910 Punnett became professor of biology at Cambridge, and then the first Arthur Balfour Professor of Genetics when Bateson left in 1912. In the same year, Punnett was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. He received the society's Darwin Medal in 1922. During World War I, Punnett successfully applied his expertise to the problem of the early determination of gender in chickens. Since only females were used for egg-production, early identification of male chicks, which were destroyed or separated for fattening, meant that limited animal-feed and other resources could be used more efficiently. Punnett's work in this area was summarized in "Heredity in Poultry" (1923). Punnett squares. Punnett squares are used by biologists to determine the probability of offspring having a particular genotype. If B represents the allele for having black hair and b represents the allele for having white hair, the offspring of two Bb parents would have a 25% probability of having two white hair alleles (bb), 50% of having one of each (Bb), and 25% of having only black hair alleles (BB). The phenotype (in this case the appearance) of the offspring would depend on whether and to what extent one of the alleles was dominant. Canons of Dort The Canons of Dort, also called the Canons of Dordrecht (full name: "The Decision of the Synod of Dort on the Five Main Points of Doctrine in Dispute in the Netherlands") is the ruling of the National Synod (or meeting) that took place in the Dutch city of Dordrecht from 1618-1619. Dordrecht is often called "Dort" in English. Today, the Canons of Dort are part of the Three Forms of Unity, which is one of the confession standards of many of the Reformed churches around the world. The Reformed churches continued use of the Canons as a standard keeps the Reformed churches from being in full harmony with the followers of Jacob Arminius, the Remonstrants and the Dutch Reformed Churches, who disagree with the Canons. The Canons are not supposed to be an absolute explanation of the Reformed doctrine, but only explain the five points of doctrine that were being argued over. These Canons introduced the Five Points of Calvinism. Three Forms of Unity The Three Forms of Unity is the name that is given to the Belgic Confession, the Canons of Dort, and the Heidelberg Catechism. These three works are about the doctrinal concerns of Continental Calvinism. They are considered official statements of Church doctrine by many of the Reformed churches. History. From 1618 to 1619, the Dutch government, acting for the Dutch Reformed Church, called a series of meetings that would come to be called the Synod of Dort. Members from the Netherlands and twenty-seven members from eight other countries met at this Synod to discuss and come to an agreement on their views. This agreement is known as the "Canons of Dort." This meeting then added the Canons of Dort to two other documents, the Belgic Confession and the Heidelberg Catechism. Those were both commonly used by the Dutch Church at this time. The reasons that they chose to do this were: The different forms each serve different things: Total depravity Total depravity (also called total inability or total corruption) is a theological teaching that comes from Augustine's teachings on original sin. It is the teaching that, since the Fall of Man, every person who has been born into the world is a slave of sin and, without the irresistible grace of God, it is not possible for man to choose to follow God or accept salvation as He freely offers it. Total depravity is taught by many Protestant confessions of faith, including Lutheranism, and Methodism, Arminianism, and Calvinism. Dordrecht Confession of Faith The Dordrecht Confession of Faith is a statement of faith that was created by Dutch Mennonite leaders at a meeting (also known as a Synod) in Dordrecht, Netherlands, on April 21, 1632. It has 18 articles of faith that talk about the importance of salvation through Jesus Christ, baptism, nonviolence, feet washing, and not taking oaths. It was a very important part of the Radical Reformation and is still a very important document to many Anabaptist groups today, such as the Amish. In 1725, Jacob Gottshalk with sixteen other ministers from Pennsylvania and together they created the Dutch Mennonite Dordrecht Confession of Faith. Arthur Antunes Coimbra Junior Arthur Antunes Coimbra Junior (born 15 October 1977) is a former Brazilian football player. Club career statistics. 2||0 2||0 Martin Müller Martin Müller (born 6 November 1970) is a former Czech football player. Club career statistics. 268||7 12||0 280||7 Pavel Horváth Pavel Horváth (born 22 April 1975) is a Czech football player. He has played for Czech Republic national team. Club career statistics. 278||55 20||1 3||0 60||12 361||68 International career statistics. !Total||19||0 Bernard Genghini Bernard Genghini (born 18 January 1958) is a former French football player. He has played for France national team. Club career statistics. 363||118 363||118 International career statistics. !Total||27||6 Jun Yanagisawa Jun Yanagisawa (born 27 June 1987) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Sagan Tosu. Club career statistics. 3||0||2||0||0||0||5||0 3||0||2||0||0||0||5||0 Anders Svensson Anders Svensson (born 17 July 1976) is a Swedish football player. He plays for Elfsborg and Sweden national team. Club career statistics. 260||59 127||9 387||68 International career statistics. !Total||108||17 John Piper (broadcaster) John Piper was the mid-morning talk show host on the BBC Radio Solent throughout the 1970s. The name of his program was called "Piper's Tune". The show was a mix of music, talk guests and the regular feature called, "Give a Neighbour a Hand", in which listeners would call in and ask for advice and other listeners would call in and give advice. Piper left the BBC in 1879 to join the Two Counties Radio in Bournemouth, as the station's first Programme Controller. He stayed on the air in Bournemouth until he left radio to move to Spain with his wife, Dilys. In the 1980s, Piper also served as the mayor of his home town, Sitio de Calahonda which is located near Málaga in Spain. Piper also served in the Special Operations during World War II as a journalist and naturalist. Xerophyte Xerophytes are plants which are adapted to dry/desert areas. They are a type of succulent plant. To survive these harsh conditions they have special features. For example, a cactus has white hairs which help to prevent water loss. Another example is manzanita plants, which have a thick waxy coating and keep their leaves vertical to the sun. Adaptions. Some Xerophytic plants sit out a drought. They can still extract water from soil. They may have very salty cell sap and therefore a very low water potential in the roots; they may have very extensive or deep roots or may pick up the slightest dew and survive on that. Others have special features about their shape or structure (xeromorphs). Thick waxy cuticle ("Aloe"); hairy surfaces ("Edelweiss"); dense packing of leaves, reduced leaf size (species of cypress); reduced density of stomata (many cacti); pitted and grooved position of stomata (Ammophila) Water storage in stem and tubers, etc. (baobab). They may also protect this water store from animals by spines and chemicals. Liga MX Liga MX, known as the Primera División de México before the 2012–13 season, is the top football league in México. Like most football leagues in Latin America, Liga MX divides its season into two phases—Apertura and Clausura (Spanish for "opening" and "closing"), with different champions in each phase. The Apertura is held in the Northern Hemisphere fall (autumn), and the Clausura in spring. Fortuna Düsseldorf Fortuna Düsseldorf is a football club which plays in Germany from Düsseldorf that plays in the highest league in German football, the Fußball-Bundesliga. SC Freiburg S.C. Freiburg is a football club which plays in Germany. MSV Duisburg The Meidericher Spielverein 02 e. V. Duisburg is a football club which plays in Germany. The club was founding member of the German Bundesliga 1962/63 and is now playing in the Second Bundesliga. Due to their striped jerseys they are also called the "Zebras". Name. The club was founded in 1902 as "Meidericher SV". On 9 January 1967 the club was renamed into his still today valid name "MSV Duisburg". Current squad. "As of 1 November 2011" Hansa Rostock Hansa Rostock is a football club from Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The club plays in German 2. Bundesliga. History. The club was founded on 1 November 1954 multi-sport Sportclub Empor Rostock. Because it was not possible to find enough players for the football team the team of Empor Lauter was transferred to Rostock. This was common in the German Democratic Republic. Rostock took the place of Lauter in the first league. The re-organization of East German sports in 1965 led to the association's football department becoming independent as Fußball Club Hansa Rostock. The new club was named "Hansa" to remember northern Europe's Hanseatic League. Rostock was an important member there. After the reunification of Germany Hansa played together with Dynamo Dresden in the German Bundesliga. They were relegated but came back. Their best result in the Bundesliga was 2 times a 6th place. Squad. "As of 31 August 2011" FC Red Bull Salzburg F.C. Red Bull Salzburg is a football club from Salzburg that plays in the Austrian Bundesliga. The club was known as SV Austria Salzburg until 2005, when the club was bought by the Red Bull Company. They renamed the club and changed the colours from the traditional violet to red and white. Also, the company's logo was added. The club runs two academies in Ghana and in Brazil. Their home stadium is the Red Bull Arena which was opened in 2003 and was renovated for the 2008 Euro. History. SV Austria Salzburg. The club was formed on September 13, 1933 by the unification of the cities two clubs: FC Rapid Salzburg and FC Hertha Salzburg. In 1952-53 they reached the A-Liga for the first time, the highest division of Austrian football then, beating Kapfenberger SV in the play-offs. They played there for 3 seasons but were relegated in 1959. To stay in the league they signed Erich Probst, who was the second best scorer in the FIFA World Cup 1954. In 20 matches he scored 14 goals, which helped Salzburg stay in the league. He was also the first player of SV Austria who played for the Austrian national football team. The next years were characterized by ups and downs. The first success was being second in the league in the 1971-72 season. This year was also their first year of playing in the UEFA Cup. The same year they made the Lehener Stadion their homeground. Two years later, in 1974, they reached the Austrian Cup final for the first time. However, the lost to FK Austria Wien 3-2 on global. The best years of the club were between 1990 and 1997. In these years, the club reached the championship three times, played in the UEFA Champions League and played in the 1994 UEFA Cup final versus Inter Milan. They won their first Austrian Bundesliga title the same year, and the next year too. Their first Champions League in 1994 saw them reach the group stage, however, they were eliminated after finishing in third place out of four. In 2005 the Red Bull Company bought the club because the owners were having problems with money. Some traditional fans left the club and started a new club under the old name SV Austria Salzburg. Ever since 2005, the club has been named FC Red Bull Salzburg. FC Red Bull Salzburg. In 2005 the Red Bull Company bought the club because the owners were having problems with money. Some traditional fans left the club and started a new club under the old name SV Austria Salzburg. Ever since 2005, the club has been named FC Red Bull Salzburg. One of the aims of the new owners was to form a team which can play in the UEFA Champions League regularly. This was not reached but the new club was nevertheless successful. In the national league they reached four titles and were four times second. In 2008, they beat FC Banants of Armenia 10-0 on aggregate as part of qualification for the 2008-09 Europa League. In the 2009-10 Europa League the club won their group with 6 victories over Villarreal CF, SS Lazio and Levski Sofia. In the Round of 32 they lost versus Standard Lüttich. Also the next two Euro League group stages were reached. In the 2011–12 Europa League they got second in the group stage behind Athletic Bilbao. Although they ost 1-8 on aggregate to Metalist Kharkiv in the Round of 32, they beat Paris Saint-Germain 2-0 in the group stages. In the 2013–14 season the team was very successful: They came in first place in the league and got to the round of 16 of the Europa League. In the Europa League, the club won all 6 of their group stage matches. Then they beat AFC Ajax 6-1 on aggregate in the round of 32, but unfortunately lost 1-2 to Basel in the round of 16. In the 2017–18 Europa League, Salzburg reached the semi-finals where they lost to Olympique de Marseille 2-3 on aggregate. They had also beaten Lazio, Borussia Dortmund, and Real Sociedad. In the 2019-20 season Salzburg reached for the first time the Championsleague group stage. They played versus Liverpool F.C., S.S.C. Napoli and K.R.C. Genk. They reached the 3rd place with seven points. In the following round of 32 in the Euroleague they lost versus Eintracht Frankfurt 3:6. The next season they had to play a playoff-match versus Maccabi Tel-Aviv. With a 5:2 Salzburg qualified for the group stage and played against FC Bayern München, Atletico Madrid and Lok Moskau. As 3rd they played in the Euroleague versus Villareal but lost. In the 2021-22 season they were qualified versus Brøndby IF (4:2). In the group stage they played versus Sevilla F.C., Lille OSC and VfL Wolfsburg. As 2nd they were qualified for the Round of 16 for the first time in club history. There they lost versus FC Bayern München. (Home:1-1, Away: 1-7) Supporters. After the Red Bull take over of SV Austria Salzburg some group of fans were unhappy because the new club has other colours and did not accept the history of the club. After some negotiations these fans left the club and founded a new one under the name SV (Sportverein) Austria Salzburg. The new club is playing in the Regionalliga West In the meantime Red Bull Salzburg has 67 official fan clubs all over Austria. Social media. On Social Media the club has over one million followers. Second Squad. FC Liefering, which currently plays in the Austrian Second League, has been a reserve team for Salzburg. European competition history. "As of 9 September 2022 Players. Current Squad. Honours. Austrian Bundesliga Austrian Cup Austrian Supercup UEFA Cup "* as Austria Salzburg" UEFA Youth League UEFA Champions League Red Bull Salzburg Academy. The Red Bull Football and Icehockey Academy is the training center for the junior teams of FC Red Bull Salzburg and the EC Red Bull Salzburg. It was built from 2012 to 2014.It has training opportunities for 200 footballers and 200 icehockey players. You can find six football field and one indoor field. 120 footballers are in the boarding school. The Academy is connected with five schools. The principle of the Academy is 51% education and 49% sport. The Academy has 8 youth teams (from U7 to U14) and three Academy teams (U15, U16, U18) which are playing in the Toto Jugendliga. SK Sturm Graz S.K. Sturm Graz is a football club which plays in Austria. It was founded in 1909 and the colors are black and white. Therefore they are nicknamed the "Blackies". History. The club was founded on 1 May 1909. It was founded by teenagers between 16 and 18. The official foundation of the club was in 1912. From 1921 to 1949 Sturm won the styrian championship 11 times. During German occupation the club played his first season in the highest division, the Gauliga Ostmark, but was relegated the same year. 1949 Sturm entered the national league as first team which came not from Vienna. In 1981 the team had the first success, it finished second in the league and reached the quarterfinals of tne UEFA Cup. With the new president Hannes Kartnig a new successful era started. In 1994 Ivica Osim became coach of the team. 1995 they finished second in the league and 1996 they reached their first title, the Austrian Cup beating Admira Wacker. In 1998 they reached the first title. In 1999 they also won the league. The first time they played for the Champions League, they only got one point against Spartak Moscow of Russia. The second time they played there they reached the 3rd place in the group. In the 1999/2000 season of the Champions League they won the Group D versus Galatasaray Glasgow Rangers and AS Monaco. After this success some key players left the club and also coach Ivica Osim. Since 2005 Sturm has had financial problems. Therefore Sturm was forced to play with young players. Under Franco Foda this way was successful, and now Sturm is one of the top four teams in the league. In 2010 they reached the third title and played in the qualification for the Champions League but lost in the play off round against BATE Borisov. In the 2010-11 season Sturm Graz reached their third championship. And 2017 they won the Cup. Current squad. LASK L.A.S.K. Linz is a football club which plays in Linz, the capital of Upper Austria. They are playing in the First League, the second division in Austrias league system. History. The club was founded on 7 August 1899 as Athletiksportclub Siegfried, the football section was founded in February 1919. The first match was on 4 May 1919 against Fußballverein Wels . LASK lost 1:4. Being the most successful section of the Athletiksportclub it was decided that the name of the club should be Linzer Athletik-Sport-Klub (Linzer ASK). Till the occupation by Germany in 1938 they reached many titels in the Upper Austrian league. In the 1938/39 season they were promoted to the Gauliga XVII, which was then the highest class in Austrian football. But they were relegated the same season. After the Second World War LASK reached the title in Austrian highest class in the 1964/65 season. The LASK was the first team which came not from Vienna to do so. The same season they also won the Autrian Cup. The next decades were partly successful but also by relegetions to the second division. In 1997, due to public pressure, LASK Linz merged with city rivals FC Linz (formerly known as SK VOEST Linz) which, however, resulted in the cancellation of the latter. Club name, colors, chairmen and members remained the same. In the 2010/11 season they were relegated. 2017 they were promoted to the Austrian Bundesliga again. European cup history. "As of December 2008." F.C. Wacker Innsbruck (2002) F.C. Wacker Innsbruck is a football club which plays in Austria. The club was founded in June 2002 after the insolvency of FC Tirol Innsbuck. The fans think this club is the successor but leagaly they are a new club. The club started in the Regionalliga West (3 stage of Austrian football, this was possible because the club played together with WSG Wattens, a 3rd league club) and promoted within 2 seasons to the Bundesliga. In the 2006/07 season they avoided relegetion only because of the insolvency of the GAK. But the following season they were relegated to the 1st league(2nd stage of Austrian football). 2009 they won the championship again and promoted again to the Bundesliga. Till 2014 they played in the Bundesliga. 2014 to 2018 they played in the 2nd league. After one year in the Bundesliga (2018-19) they were relegated. Since that year they play in the 2nd league. The second team (FC Wacker Innsbruck Amateure) is playing in the Regionalliga Tirol (3rd level). FC Wacker Innsbruck Women. The womenteam is playing in the Planet Pure Bundesliga. Grazer AK Grazer AK (or GAK) is a football club which plays in Austria. it was founded in 1902. History. The club was founded by a group of students led by medical student Georg August Wagner from Prague. Due to this development the first football match in Austria with the FA rules took place in Graz. 1902 was the official start of the Grazer Athletik-Sport-Club. The club reached the Styrian Championship in 1922, 1924 and between 1926 and 1933 and was Austrian Amateur Champion in 1929, 1932 and 1933. One of the players of GAK was Rudi Hiden, who went to Wiener AC and became goalkeeper of the famous "Austrian Wunderteam". 1944 the matches were stopped due to the Second World War. 1946 the club begun again. 1951 it reached the highest class (Liga A) and, at the end of that season, the 6th position, which was the best of a club outside Vienna. In the following years the Athletics were established in the first class. 1962 and 1968 they where runners-up in the cup-final. Only because the league was reformed the club was relegated to the second division in 1974, but came back one year later. 1981 the Athletics gained first title as professional team when they won the Austrian cup, which also was the first title for a styrian team. From 1990 to 1995 the club was in the second league. They won the cup-title also in 2000, 2002 and were double winners in 2004. 2007 the club collapsed due to 15,2 mil. € debts. They had to go to the third league where they went bankrupt again and had to interrupt playing in october 2012. 2013 they had to start over from the lowest (9th tier) league after being reestablished. Since then the club (named GAC due legal grounds initially) won every championship. For the Season 2017/18, they are in Landesliga Steiermark, 4th tier. In the 2019/20 season they came back to professional football being promoted to the 2nd league. Past seasons. Seasons since the re-foundation 2012 Statistics. List of international games of GAK in UEFA-Cup, Champions League Qualification, Cupwinners' Cup and in Fairs' Cup: 1962/63: 1964/65: 1968/69: 1972/73: 1980/81: 1982/83: 1996/97: 1998/99: 1999/2000: 2000/01: 2001/02: 2002/03: 2003/04: 2004/05: 2005/06: Derby Statistics vs. SK Sturm Graz (as of 23.8.2005). Total (in 1st Austrian League): Judge Joe Brown Judge Joe Brown is an American television show. It is a courtroom series, shown in first run syndication. The judge, Joe Brown, decides who is telling the truth and who is lying. Joe Brown is famous for being in charge of the trial of James Earl Ray, the man who assassinated, or killed, Martin Luther King. Curt Stern Curt Stern (August 30, 1902 – October 23, 1981) was a German-born American geneticist. was a German-American geneticist of Jewish descent. Born in Hamburg, Germany, he studied zoology at the University of Berlin, receiving his PhD in 1923 at the age of 21. He was selected for a fellowship to study at Columbia University, then the site of Thomas Hunt Morgan's famous drosophila fly room. Early career. Stern accepted an appointment at the University of Berlin after his fellowship ended. In 1931, he was the first to demonstrate crossover of homologous chromosomes in "Drosophila melanogaster", only weeks after Barbara McClintock and Harriet Creighton had done so with maize. Stern eventually returned to the United States in 1932. He became an American citizen in 1939. From 1933 to 1947, he taught at the University of Rochester. From 1947 until his retirement in 1970, he was a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, where he had numerous doctoral students. In 1936, he demonstrated that recombination can also take place in mitosis resulting in somatic mosaics, organisms that contain two or more genetically distinct types of tissues. He later demonstrated that there were multiple genes on the "Drosophila" Y chromosome, and described the mechanism of dosage compensation. During World War II, he led research for the American government on low dose radiation safety. His laboratory group concluded that there is no "safe" threshold below which radiation is not harmful. Human genetics. After the war his research focused on human genetics, pioneering in what is now known as gene regulation. Although not a physician, he engaged in clinical work in human genetics. In 1943 he began teaching a course in human genetics to medical students at the University of Rochester. The first edition of Stern's pioneering textbook "The Principles of human genetics" was published in 1949. Both his teaching and his textbook were instrumental in re-founding human genetics on a non-racist basis, in contrast with pre-war German and American traditions in the subject. Stern was a signatory of the 1950 UNESCO statement "The Race Question", a statement by leading scientists in many fields that questioned the validity and scientific foundations of racism. The Curt Stern Award, established by the American Society of Human Genetics in 2001, recognizes a scientist who has made major scientific achievements in human genetics during the previous 10 years. Thomas Hunt Morgan Thomas Hunt Morgan (25 September 1866 – 4 December 1945) was an American geneticist and embryologist. Morgan took his PhD at Johns Hopkins University in 1890, and researched embryology while at Bryn Mawr College. After the rediscovery of Mendelian inheritance in 1900, Morgan switched his research to the fruit fly "Drosophila melanogaster". In 1904, E.B. Wilson invited Morgan to join him at Columbia University. This move freed Morgan to focus fully on experimental work. In his famous Fly Room at Columbia, Morgan was able to show that genes are carried on chromosomes and are the mechanical basis of heredity. These discoveries formed the basis of the modern science of genetics. Morgan moved to California in 1928 to head the Division of Biology at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech). Research was focused on genetics and evolution; experimental embryology; physiology; biophysics and biochemistry. He was given the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933. It was the first one given for genetics, for his "discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity". The prize was not shared with the lab's main researcher, Alfred Sturtevant, a decision of the Nobel Committee which was certainly controversial. Morgan's early work with "Drosophila" was on the associations known as 'coupling' and 'repulsion', discovered by English workers in 1909 and 1910 using the Sweet Pea. These were, in reality, the same phenomenon, which was later called linkage. Morgan's first papers dealt with the demonstration of sex linkage of the gene for white eyes in the fly, the male fly being heterogametic (XY). During his distinguished career, Morgan wrote 22 books and 370 scientific papers, and, as a result of his work, "Drosophila" became the main 'model organism' in genetics. The Division of Biology he started at the California Institute of Technology produced "seven" Nobel Prize winners. Alfred Sturtevant Alfred Henry Sturtevant (November 21, 1891 – April 5, 1970) was an American geneticist. Sturtevant made the first genetic map of a chromosome in 1913. In his career he worked on the fruit-fly "Drosophila melanogaster" with Thomas Hunt Morgan. Morgan was both a help and a hindrance to Sturtevant. Morgan supported him through the early part of his career, but took much of the credit for the research. Morgan's Nobel Prize in 1933 was not shared with Sturtevant, who was the lab's main researcher. Later in his career, Sturtevant had another important relationship, this time with Theodosius Dobzhansky. The research was into the genetics of natural populations of "Drosophila". This relationship, too, became uneasy, and they split up after a few years. Sturtevant was one of the most outstanding genetics researchers not to get a Nobel Prize. In 1967, Sturtevant received the National Medal of Science. H. J. Muller Hermann Joseph Muller, generally known as H. J. Muller, (21 December 1890 – 5 April 1967) was an American geneticist, educator, and Nobel Prize winner. He was best known for his work on the physiological and genetic effects of radiation, as well as his outspoken political beliefs. Muller frequently warned of the long-term dangers of radioactive fallout from nuclear explosions. Muller's life was as extraordinary as could be imagined. Born in New York City, he got his PhD at CalTech in Morgan's "Drosophila" fly lab. He next worked at Rice University, and then spent twelve years at the University of Texas. Then he moved to Berlin in 1932, then to Leningrad (St Petersburg), and then to Moscow. In all these places he organised a genetics lab, and sometimes taught as well. Then arose the scientific charlatan Lysenko, who saw to it that genuine genetics scientists came under the disapproval of Stalin. Once again Muller moved, this time to Edinburgh, with 250 strains of "Drosophila", then finally back to the United States in 1940, where he became an advisor to the Manhattan Project. He became Professor of Zoology at Indiana University. Muller's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1946 was "for the discovery that mutations can be induced by X-rays". By then the real interest lay in the same effects caused by gamma rays from nuclear testing. Muller was a wholehearted enthusiast for eugenics, socialism, atheism and other relatively unpopular ideas, but his real contribution was to genetics. One reputable source writes of him: Hermann Muller Several people are named Hermann Muller or Hermann Müller: Little Boy Little Boy is the name that was given to the first atomic bomb that was dropped in a war. The bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 by the American army who were trying to end World War II. Enola Gay was the name of the plane that dropped Little Boy. Fat Man Fat Man is the name of the second atomic bomb ever made from plutonium and the second atomic bomb to be used in nuclear warfare. It was dropped over the Japanese island of Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. Geography of Haiti Haiti (; ) is a country in the Caribbean. It occupies the western three-eighths of Hispaniola; the Dominican Republic occupies the eastern five-eighths (63%) of the island. The country has a total area of , of which 27,560 km² is land and 190 km² is water. Haiti has of coast-line and a border with the Dominican Republic. The limits of the country are the Dominican Republic to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north, and the Caribbean Sea to the south and west. The capital, Port-au-Prince, is a seaport located on the west coast. Cuba is to the northwest and Jamaica to the southwest of Haiti; the Winward Passage separates Cuba from Haiti (and Hispaniola), and the Jamaica Channel separates Haiti from Jamaica. There are two large peninsulas: the Northwestern on the Atlantic Ocean, and the Southern peninsulas on the Caribbean Sea. The Northwestern, or just Northern, Peninsula () is also known as the Saint-Nicolas Peninsula; it was the first part of the Hispaniola visited by Christopher Columbus on 1492. The historical name of the Southern Peninsula () was Tiburón Peninsula. Between those two large peninsulas there is a gulf (a very large bay): the Gulf of Gonâve. It is named so after the Gonâve Island that is in the middle of the gulf. It was called also Gulf of Léogane after the city of Léogane, one of the oldest in Haiti. Climate. Haiti has a tropical climate but modified by elevation and the "Trade winds" (winds that come from the northeast, from the Atlantic Ocean, full of water vapour), which blow from the Atlantic all year long. In low lands with mountains to the northeast, the climate is arid (dry) because the trade winds leave their water in those mountains rather than the valleys and plains. There are two rainy seasons, in spring and fall to the south, and in spring and winter to the north. From June to November (mainly from August to October), tropical storms and hurricanes are frequent and can do much damage in the country. Islands. There are several smaller islands and cays that are part of Haiti. The largest islands are: Mountains and valleys. The chains of mountains show a direction northwest-southeast, except in the Southern Peninsula, where they have a direction west-east. The mountains are separated by valleys with the same general direction. From north to south, the main mountain ranges and valleys are: Rivers and lakes. The river "Artibonite" is the longest river of the island and of Haiti. It is 321 km long (68 km in the Dominican Republic, 253 km in Haiti). Its sources are in the Cordillera Central (Dominican Republic) and flows into the Gulf of Gonâve. Its watershed has an area of 6,399 km² in Haiti and 2,614 km² in the Dominican Republic. Another important Haitian river is the "Trois Rivières" (Three Rivers). It is 150 km long and its sources are in the Massif du Nord and flows into the Atlantic Ocean, near the city of Po// Others lakes are "Étang de Miragoâne" (25 km²), of fresh water at 4 km southeast from the city of Miragoâne; and "Trou Caïman" (16.2 km²), a small lake at 6 km from Étang Saumâtre. https://www.shrek.com for more information Mundari language The Mundari language is a Munda language of the Austro-Asiatic language family. It is spoken by the Munda people. Listed building A listed building, in the United Kingdom, is a building that has been placed on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest. This is a list of buildings that are important in terms of architecture, history, or culture. There are many buildings on this list. In the UK, there are about 500,000 listed buildings. In England and Wales, there are three kinds of listed buildings: There used to be a fourth kind of listed building: Grade III. This type has not been used since 1970. Holborn Holborn ( ) is an area of Central London, England. Holborn is also the name of the area's principal east-west street. The street runs from St Giles's High Street as High Holborn to Gray's Inn Road to Holborn Viaduct. It crosses the borders of the City of Westminster, London Borough of Camden and the City of London. Poker Alice Alice Ivers (February 17, 1851 – February 27, 1930), better known as Poker Alice, was a famous poker player. Her family moved from Devon, England, where she was born, to Virginia, United States, where she went to school and was raised. As an adult, Ivers moved to Leadville, Colorado where she met her husband Frank Duffield. Duffield was responsible for getting Ivers interested in poker, but he was killed a few years after they got married. Ivers made a name for herself by winning money from poker games in places like Silver City, New Mexico, and even working at a saloon that was owned by Bob Ford, the man who killed Jesse James Early life. “Poker” Alice Ivers was born on February 17, 1851 in Devon, England to Irish Immigrants. Her family moved to Virginia when Alice was 12. As a young woman, she went to boarding school in Virginia to become a refined lady. While in her late teens, her family moved to Leadville, a city in the Colorado Territory. Personal life. It was in Leadville that Alice met Frank Duffield, whom she married at a young age. Frank Duffield was a mining engineer who played poker in his spare time. After just a few years of marriage, Duffield was killed in an accident while resetting a dynamite charge in a Leadville mine. Ivers was known for splurging her winnings, as when she won a lot of money in Silver City and spent it all in New York. After all of her big wins, she would travel to New York and spend her money on clothes. She was very keen on keeping up with the latest fashions and would buy dresses to wear to play poker. Alice met her next husband around 1890 when she was a dealer in Bedrock Tom’s saloon in Deadwood, South Dakota. When a drunken miner tried to attack her fellow dealer Warren G. Tubbs with a knife, Alice threatened him with her .38. After this incident, Tubbs and Ivers started a romance and were married soon after. Alice Ivers and Warren Tubbs had 4 sons and 3 daughters together. Tubbs and Ivers did not want their children to be influenced by the world of poker, so they moved to a house just northeast of Sturgis on the Moreau River in South Dakota. Tubbs was not only a dealer, but a housepainter as well. It was most likely this house painting that caused him to fall sick with tuberculosis. Warren Tubbs died in 1910 in of pneumonia during a blizzard. To pay for his funeral, Alice had to pawn her wedding ring, which led her back to the poker world. Alice’s third husband was George Huckert, who worked on her homestead taking care of the sheep. Huckert was constantly proposing to Ivers, yet for a while she did not agree. Eventually, however, Ivers owed Huckert $1,008, so she married him figuring that it would be cheaper than paying his back wages. Huckert died in 1913. Poker career. First husband Frank Duffield introduced Alice to poker when she accompanied him to his poker games in Leadville. For a while she just attended, watching and observing, but eventually she started to play and gamble along with the men. However, it wasn’t until after her first husband died that she started to play poker seriously. Alice was in a tough financial position, and after failing in a few different jobs including teaching; she turned to poker to support herself financially. Alice would make money by gambling and working as a dealer. Ivers made a name for herself by winning money from poker games in places like Silver City, New Mexico, even working at a saloon that was owned by Bob Ford, the man who killed Jesse James. By the time Ivers was given the name “Poker Alice,” she was drawing in large crowd to watch her play and men were constantly challenging her to play. Saloon owners liked that Ivers was a respectable woman who kept to her values. These values included her refusal to play poker on Sundays. As her reputation grew, so did the amount of money she was making. Some nights she would even make $6,000, an incredibly large sum of money at the time. Alice claimed that she won $250,000, which would now be worth over three million dollars. Ivers used her good looks to distract men at the poker table. She always had the newest dresses, and even in her 50s was considered a very attractive woman. She was also very good at counting cards and figuring odds, which helped her at the table. Alice was known to always be carrying a gun with her, preferably her .38. She was also known to smoke a lot. Poker's Palace and jailtime. In 1910, Ivers opened “Poker’s Palace,” a saloon in Fort Meade, South Dakota, which offered gambling and liquor downstairs, and prostitution upstairs. The saloon was always closed on Sundays, due to Iver’s religious beliefs. However, in 1913, some drunken soldiers disobeyed Iver’s “no work on Sunday” rule and started to get unruly, chaotic, and destructive of the house. It was then that Ivers shot her gun, supposedly to quiet the soldiers down. The shot ended up killing one of the soldiers and injuring another, resulting in Iver’s arrest, along with the arrest of six of her ‘girls’. Iver’s time spent in jail was short, but she got through it with the help of reading the bible and smoking cigars. At the trial, she claimed self-defense and was acquitted. After the trial, her saloon was shut down. While in her 60s, Alice Ivers was arrested several times after the “Poker Palace” incident for being a madam, a gambler, and a bootlegger, as well as her drunkenness. She would comply with the law and pay her fines, but keep her business still. In 1928, she was arrested again for bootlegging and her repeated offenses of holding a brothel. Despite this sentence to prison, Ivers did not end up having to stay, because she was pardoned by then Governor Bulow of South Dakota who did so because of her old age. Legacy. After being forced to retire by the anger of the military and other people who were upset with her blend of religious elements at her house in Sturgis, Alice’s health began to fail her. Alice Ivers died on February 27, 1930 in Rapid City after a gallbladder operation at the age of 79. Ivers was buried at the St. Aloysius Cemetery in Sturgis, South Dakota. Strand underpass The Strand Underpass (sometimes incorrectly called the Kingsway Underpass) is a vehicle tunnel in central London. It connects Waterloo Bridge to Kingsway near Holborn. It was built by John Mowlem & Co. It opened on 21 January 1964. Southampton Row Southampton Row is major road running northwest-southeast in Bloomsbury, Camden, central London, England. The road is part of the A4200. Victoria Embankment The Victoria Embankment is part of the Thames Embankment, a road and walkway along the north bank of the River Thames in London. The Victoria Embankment extends from the City of Westminster into the City of London. Charlton, London Charlton is an area and an electoral ward in south-east London. It is in the London Borough of Greenwich. It is located between Greenwich and Woolwich. Waterloo Bridge Waterloo Bridge is a road and foot traffic bridge crossing the River Thames in London, England between Blackfriars Bridge and Hungerford Bridge. History. The first bridge on the site was designed in 1809-10 by John Rennie for the Strand Bridge Company and opened in 1817 as a toll bridge. The granite bridge had nine arches, each of span, separated by double Grecian-Doric stone columns and was long, including approaches. Before its opening it was known as 'Strand Bridge'. During the 1840s the bridge gained a reputation as a popular place for suicide attempts. In 1844 Thomas Hood wrote the poem "The Bridge of Sighs" about the suicide of a prostitute there. Paintings of the bridge were created by the French Impressionist Claude Monet and English Impressionist, John Constable. The bridge was nationalised in 1878 and given to the Metropolitan Board of Works, who removed the toll from it. In June 2012, the bridge was highlighted on the route of Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Pageant on the Thames. Westminster Bridge Westminster Bridge is a road traffic and foot bridge over the River Thames between Westminster and Lambeth, in London. It is right next to the Houses of Parliament. History. Until Westminster Bridge was built in 1750, there was only one bridge crossing the River Thames. In June 2012, the bridge was highlighted on the route of Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee Pageant on the Thames. Bloomsbury Bloomsbury is an area of central London in the south of the London Borough of Camden. Hop Exchange The Hop Exchange is a Grade II listed building at No. 24 Southwark Street, London SE1. It is in the Bankside area of the London Borough of Southwark. It opened in 1867 and was designed by R.H. Moore. It served as the centre for hop trading for the brewing industry. River Fleet The River Fleet is the biggest of London's subterranean rivers. The Angel, Islington The Angel was originally an inn near a toll gate on the Great North Road (at what is now the corner of Islington High Street and Pentonville Road). The term now informally refers to this part of Islington in London. The corner itself is actually in Finsbury which was a separate borough until 1965 when the Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury merged with the Metropolitan Borough of Islington to form the London Borough of Islington. Blackfriars, London Blackfriars is an area of central London, which lies in the south-west corner of the City of London. It is also were Henry VIII sixth wife died and was buried Kennington Kennington is an area of South London, England, in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is a mixed class residential area, and is the location of The Oval, the well-known cricket stadium. Elephant and Castle The Elephant and Castle is a major road intersection in inner south London, England, and is also used as a name for the surrounding district. Battersea Battersea is a place in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is an inner-city district. It is southwest of Charing Cross. In April 2001, it had 75,651 people. In Battersea there is a home for dogs and cats called Battersea Dogs & Cats Home. Wandsworth Wandsworth is an inner suburb of London on the south bank of the River Thames in south-west London. Wandsworth takes its name from the River Wandle, which enters the Thames at Wandsworth. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. Anti-abortion movement The Anti-abortion movement is a group of people who believe that human life begins at conception and that the life of unborn children should be protected. Consequently, they oppose abortion, in some or all cases. As they favor the life of the unborn, they are also called pro-life. In 1960, there were the oral contraception pills and the sexual revolution started. The anti-abortion movement started in the early 1970s in the United States. The other movement that believes women should have a choice whether to end a pregnancy is called pro-choice. People who are anti-abortion say that all humans, including the unborn, have a right to live. They say that having a human genome is enough for a developing organism to be called a living human being. Others say that an organism should be identified as a living human once a heartbeat has been detected. Pro-lifers say that abortion should be illegal. Many pro-lifers say pregnant women who do not want to raise a child should look for alternatives to abortion, such as adoption. Many advocacy groups try to convince people that abortion is wrong. The pro-life movement is associated with conservative politics. In one poll in the United States, 66% of conservatives called themselves pro-life. It is also associated with the Catholic Church. Pope Francis has said that "Every child that isn't born, but is unjustly condemned to be aborted, has the face of Jesus Christ, has the face of the Lord." Background. In 2022, many countries have laws that say that abortion is possible for a certain amount of time, without penalty. In 1973, the U.S. supreme court decided that the article in the laws of a state that banned abortion was unconsitutional. This decision is known as Roe v. Wade today which legalized abortion across all states. In 2022, the Supreme Court reversed the 1973 decision. They ruled that the consitution of the United States does not give the right to privacy under the 14th Amendment, and therefore abortion is not protected. The case that was heard is Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization. Dunning–Kruger effect The Dunning–Kruger effect is a bias in thinking, usually where a person is unaware of how badly they grasp a subject, not understanding that they are failing at it. They mistakenly think that they are doing as well as "average" or even "above average". It is a psychological effect in which people don't realize their level of knowledge or ability in a subject. People who know little about a subject will think that they know more than they actually know. People of low ability may not have enough intelligence to fully grasp how complicated something can be, causing them to overestimate their knowledge or ability. This can cause them to underestimate the intelligence of a high ability person who claims something is complicated when they falsely believe they understand it fully. This effect was shown in an experiment that was done by Justin Kruger and David Dunning at Cornell University. The investigators said: In 2000, Dunning and Kruger were awarded the Ig Nobel Prize in the field of psychology for their study. Interferometer Interferometers are for measuring the interference properties of light waves. One of their purposes is to measure things precisely, for example in the Michelson interferometer. Chris Terreri Christopher Arnold Terreri (born November 15, 1964 in Warwick, Rhode Island) is an American former professional ice hockey goaltender who played for four professional teams of the NHL. He won the Stanley Cup two times with the New Jersey Devils. He is currently the goaltending coach of the New Jersey Devils of the NHL. Tic A tic is a sudden body movement that a person can't control. It might be a jerking movement of the hand, or blinking a lot, or a throat sound. Even if the person is told that they are doing it, they usually can't stop. Sometimes if they try really hard, they can make the tic go away for a little bit, but they can't make it go away all the time. It's kind of like when you have something in your throat, eventually you just have to cough. Tics can be either "motor tics" or "phonic tics." If they are "motor tics" it means they're movements, like blinking or shrugging shoulders. If they are "phonic tics" it means they're sounds, like clearing your throat, sniffing, or yelling. Tics are common in childhood, four to twelve percent of all children have from tics. Very often they are transitory, they rarely last longer than six months. Boys have tics more often than girls. About three times more boys than girls have tics. Sometimes, people can have a "tic" in the family. Some tics can be treated, usually with behaviour therapy. In cases where the tic is difficult to treat, antipsychotics are sometimes used. Boards of Canada Boards of Canada (commonly abbreviated BoC) are a Scottish electronic music duo of two brothers Mike Sandison (born June 1, 1970) and Marcus Eoin (born July 21, 1971). They are signed with Warp Records and have released several works on that label with little advertising and few interviews, while also having a secret, privately released back-catalogue of albums on their self-run Music70 label. They have also recorded four tracks under the alias Hell Interface. Musical style. Boards of Canada's music is part like the warm, analog sounds of 1970s media and contains themes of childhood, nostalgia and the natural world. Mike and Marcus have mentioned the documentary movies of the National movie Board of Canada, from which the group's name is derived, as a source of inspiration. History. Early years (1986–1995). Growing up in a musical family, brothers Mike and Marcus Eoin began playing instruments at a young age. They experimented with recording uses at around the age of 10, using tape machines to layer cut-up samples of found sounds over compositions of their own. In their teens they went in a number of amateur bands; however, it was not until 1986 when Marcus was invited to Mike's band that Boards of Canada was born. By 1989, the band had gone down just to Sandison and Eoin. In the early 1990s, a number of collaborations took place and the band put on small shows among the "Hexagon Sun" collective. In early 2000, the website for the band, Music70.com, removed the early discography of Boards of Canada, although some information has been preserved by fans. Early tape releases by Boards of Canada include "Play By Numbers", "Acid Memories", "Hooper Bay", and the earliest known release by the band is titled "Catalog 3". None of the material from those days is readily available, and since official Boards of Canada sources deny the existence of these albums, there seems to be little chance for this early material ever to be seen publicly. Jon Cryer Jonathan Niven "Jon" Cryer (born April 16, 1965) is an American actor, screenwriter and film producer. He is the son of David Cryer (born 1936) and Gretchen Cryer (née Kiger, born 1935). He played "Alan Harper" in the sitcom "Two and a Half Men" from 2003-2015. He has won an Emmy Award and has three Emmy nominations for "Two and a Half Men". Cryer went to London to study acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts. Owl City Owl City is an American pop music project by Adam Young. He had a hit with a song called Fireflies in 2010. It was the number one song in United States of America for two weeks. He has written several songs, including Vanilla Twilight. In 2012 he had a hit song with Carly Rae Jepsen, called Good Time. Band members. While Young writes, composes, records, and produces all of Owl City's music (not including The Midsummer Station, which was mostly written by other people), during live performances he is accompanied by a group of supporting musicians: William Bateson William Bateson (Yorkshire, 8 August 1861 – 8 February 1926) was a British zoologist, a Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge University. He was the first person to use the term genetics to describe the study of heredity, and the chief populariser of the ideas of Gregor Mendel, after their rediscovery in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns. Career. Bateson became famous as a mutationist who believed evolution took place by jumps. Later, Ronald Fisher and J.B.S. Haldane showed that discrete mutations were compatible with gradual evolution: see the modern evolutionary synthesis. Bateson was the first to suggest the word "genetics" to describe the study of inheritance, in a letter to Adam Sedgwick, dated April 18, 1905. Bateson first used the term "genetics" publicly at the Third International Conference on Plant Hybridization in London in 1906. Although this was three years before Wilhelm Johannsen used the word "gene" to describe the units of hereditary information, De Vries had introduced the word "pangene" for the same concept already in 1889 and etymologically the word genetics finds its origin in Darwin's concept of pangenesis. Bateson co-discovered genetic linkage with Reginald Punnett, and he and Punnett founded the "Journal of Genetics" in 1910. Bateson also coined the term "epistasis" to describe the genetic interaction of two independent traits. So important from 1900 to 1910, he was almost a bystander for the next ten years because he refused to accept the role chromosomes played in genetics. At last, in 1921, a visit to T.H. Morgan's fly lab convinced him, but by then he could no longer recover his influence. Beretta 92 A Beretta 92 is a pistol and is one of the most famous pistols of the Italian company Beretta. It fires 9x19mm cartridges and it can hold 15 of them. It is the standard side-arm of many police and military units and the United States Army. In the US Army, the pistol got the name M9. After the US military ended its ban on foreign-made weapons, its allies in NATO pressured the US to adopt a 9mm handgun to replace the M1911 because NATO has a rule that all NATO countries must use weapons with the same kinds of ammunition. Ice Climbers The Ice Climbers are a series of video games produced and developed by Nintendo. The series is about Popo and Nana, also known as the "Ice Climbers". The games were first produced in 1985. The plot of the game was to get stolen vegetables back from a giant condor on 32 ice-covered mountains. Popo and Nana have also appeared in the Super Smash Bros. series. Ray J William Raymond Norwood, Jr. (born January 17, 1981), better known by his stage name Ray J, is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, record producer and actor. He is the son of gospel singer Willie Norwood and Sonja Bates-Norwood, the cousin of rapper Snoop Dogg and the younger brother of R&B singer Brandy. Career. Ray J was born William Raymond Norwood, Jr. in McComb, Mississippi and grew up in Carson, California. At age eight, he began auditioning for and appearing in television commercials; he played the foster son in "The Sinbad Show." 1995–1999. Norwood was signed to Elektra Records in 1995 and recorded his debut album "Everything You Want" the next year. "Let It Go" appeared on the "Set It Off" soundtrack (Brandy also appeared on the soundtrack; and her song "Missing You" with Tamia, Chaka Khan and Gladys Knight peaked also at number 25). It peaked number 25 in the U.S. and number 11 in New Zealand. The second single peaked at number 54 on the U.S. R&B chart. In 1997, he performed in a television special with his sister Brandy but was dropped from the label. According to Bradley Torreano of allmusic, "his easygoing image and boyish looks appealed to the producers of Brandy's television show, "Moesha"", giving him a role on the UPN series starting in 1999 as Brandy's little cousin, D-Money. He produced, putting together the music for several commercials and a few of the demos for his second record. 2000–2004. Ray J recorded "Another Day In Paradise" with Brandy, which was a Top Ten success in Austria, UK, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Belgium, Norway, Ireland, the Netherlands and number 11 in Australia and France. The song was the lead single of the R&B/Hip Hop tribute "Urban Renewal", in which he co-produced and performed songs. Norwood also worked with The Neptunes, Rodney Jerkins and Lil' Kim, and several other producers and singers for his second studio album "This Ain't A Game". The album was released in 2001. The lead single "Wait A Minute" peaked at #30 on the U.S. Hot 100 chart and #8 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. "Formal Invite" followed at #54 on the R&B chart. In 2002, Norwood appeared in the video for his sister's "What About Us", which was produced by Jerkins, and was released as her third album, "Full Moon"'s lead single during the first quarter of 2002 (see 2002 in music). While "What About Us?" entered the Top 20 on the majority of the charts it appeared on, it reached the Top 10 in Australia, Denmark, New Zealand, Norway, the Philippines, the UK, and the United States. 2005–present. After a two year break, Ray J returned to recording studios, adding the finishing touches on his third studio album "Raydiation" with help from producers such as Rodney Jerkins, Timbaland, and R. Kelly. A joint venture by Sanctuary Records and Ray-J's own label, independent Knockout Entertainment, the album was finally released on September 27, 2005 in North America after several delays, debuting at number forty-eight on the "Billboard" 200 chart, selling 18,321 copies in the first week. Boosted by the album's lead single "One Wish," a top 20 success in Ireland, New Zealand, the UK, the U.S.. "Raydiation" eventually sold over 400,000 copies domestically. In 2005, Norwood joined the cast of UPN's "One On One", where he played the character of D-Mack for the final season. Recently, Knockout Entertainment announced a multi-million dollar album deal with Koch Records and Shaquille O'Neal's "Deja 34" entertainment company. The first album for this deal is Ray J's fourth album "All I Feel", which features The Game and Yung Berg among others. It was released on April 1, 2008. The album's first single is "Sexy Can I" featuring rapper Yung Berg peaked at number three on the Top Singles (Hot 100) for six weeks. A video for the track, directed by R. Malcolm Jones, was shot in December 2007. Personal life. In 2007, a sex tape was released of Norwood and then-girlfriend Kim Kardashian. Norwood recently starred in his own VH1 reality dating show, For the Love of Ray J. The show premiered on February 2, 2009. For his show on March 24, 2009 he released the soundtrack/studio album called "For The Love Of Ray J". He dated Cocktail for several months before they split, partly due to rumors of Ray J dating Tila Tequila. On November 2, 2009 a second season of the show, For the Love of Ray J (season 2), premiered. Wat Phrasri Rattana Sasadaram Wat Phrasri Rattana Sasadaram or Wat Phra Kaew, the "Temple of the Emerald Buddha", is one of the most sacred Buddhist temples in Thailand. It is in the grounds of the Grand Palace. It is the only temple in Bangkok that does not have monks. This temple is famous for the statue of Buddha, which is really made from jade, not emerald. The king of Thailand is the only person allowed to go near the Emerald Buddha. The king changes the clothes on the Buddha three times every year. In summer the Buddha is dressed in a crown and jewelry; in winter he wears a golden shawl, and in the rainy months he wears a gold robe and headdress. The temple was started in 2325 B.E. during the reign of King Rama I and finished in 2327 B.E. The temple was built to hold the Buddha statue which is believed to have been made in Thailand in the 14th century. Captured by the Cambodians in 1552, the statue was kept in Laos for 214 years until King Rama I recaptured it. He brought it with him when he moved his capital to Bangkok in 1784. The design of this temple was copied from Wat Phrasrisanphet in the Ayudhaya period. Because Wat Phrasri Rattana Sasadaram is important, it is renovated every 50 years. Colossal squid The colossal squid, "Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni", is the biggest squid in the world, 9–10 metres (30–33 feet) long. The colossal squid is bigger than a giant squid. Its body is reddish brown and it lives up to 2000m below the surface of the Southern Ocean. It is the main food eaten by sperm whales. The colossal squid has ammonium chloride in its body, so it tastes bad for humans. It is believed to feed on prey such as chaetognatha, large fish like the Patagonian toothfish and other squid in the deep ocean using bioluminescence. The colossal squid is thought to have a slow metabolic rate, requiring only around 30 g of prey daily. Estimates of its energetic demands suggest that it is a slow-moving ambush predator, using its large eyes primarily for predator detection rather than active hunting. The eye is 27 cm (10.63 in) wide, with a lens 12 cm across. This is the largest eye of any known animal. These measurements are of the partly collapsed specimen: when living the eye was probably 30 to 40 cm (12 to 16 in) across. The Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa is displaying this specimen in an exhibition which opened in 2008. A website on the squid specimen is also available. James Morrison James Morrison, born November 11, 1962, is famous Australian jazz musician. He has played with people such as B. B. King and Ray Charles. He was born Boorowa, New South Wales. He started playing trumpet at the age seven. He also plays trombone, euphonium, flugel horn, tuba, saxophones, and piano. In 1979, aged 16, he performed at the Monterey Jazz Festival, and graduated from the New South Wales Conservatorium of Music the next year. He was given the Mo Award, for the Australian Performer of the Year in 1990. In 2000 he played the opening fanfare for the Sydney Olympic Games. I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! I'm a Celebrity ... Get Me Out of Here! is a television show where a group of celebrities get together as they sky dive down to the jungle. For a few weeks, they have to cope with jungle creatures such as snakes, spiders, cockroaches and more. The UK version of the show takes place in Queensland, Australia and airs every November-December on ITV1 in the UK. The presenters are Anthony McPartlin and Declan Donnelly. Bushtucker trial. Evey day, someone has to do a task known as a "bush trucker trial". The public has to vote on which celebrity has to do it apart from in the first two or three days. Sometimes, near the end of the series the celebrities decide who participates in the trail. To make the trials more challenging, they put some creepy crawlies with them. All trials have stars, and they earn stars for meals back at the camp. Cut scenes. Like "Big Brother", the show has a lot of cut scenes. One of them has a spider which catches a bug and spins it around and makes an amusing sound. Crossing over Crossing over is a basic concept of genetics and cell biology, often called recombination. It occurs during meiosis. Crossing over is the exchange of chromosome segments between non-sister chromatids during the production of gametes. The effect is to assort (shuffle) the alleles on parental chromosomes, so that the gametes carry "combinations" of genes different from either parent. This has the overall effect of increasing the variety of phenotypes present in a population. The process can be seen directly in stained cells, and indirectly if there are genetic markers or not on the chromosomes. The visible crossovers are called chiasma (plural: chiasmata), which is Greek for a cross. F. A. Janssens was the first to suggest what chiasmata meant. The large-scale effect of crossing over is to spread variation through a population. This is the main result of sexual reproduction compared to non-sexual modes of reproduction. The main advantage to the parents is the greater variety in their offspring. This, it is thought, increases the chance that some of the offspring will survive and reproduce. This has been the subject of much investigation and discussion. Chromatid Chromatids are the daughter strands of a duplicated chromosome which are joined by a single centromere. When the centromere divides, the chromatids become separate chromosomes. Each of the two daughter chromatids contains the same DNA and chromatin protein as its original chromosome. But in meiosis, crossing over (exchanges) take place between two of the non-sister chromatids. This has profound consequences: it produces genetic recombination, and increases the variability of gametes. Wat Pho Wat Pho (more fully Wat Phracheatupon Vimonmungkraram) is the "Temple of the Reclining Buddha". It is the one of the most important Buddhist temples in Thailand. With 99 pagodas, this temple has the most pagodas in Thailand. It is the largest and oldest Buddhist temple in Bangkok, and home of Thailand's largest Buddha. It is the temple where the art of Thai massage was developed. The important pagodas are the pagodas of King Rama I, King Rama II and King Rama IV. This temple was rebuilt from the old Wat Photaram from the Ayudhaya period by King Rama I in 1788. It took seven years and five months and 18 days to finish. King Rama I changed the name from “Photaram” to “Phracheatupon Vimonmungkrawat”. King Rama III (1824—1851) did a lot of repairs to the building. King Rama IV renamed this temple "Wat Phracheatupon Vimonmungkraram". Wat Phracheatupon Vimonmungkraram is a popular place for tourists. The "Reclining Buddha" (Phra Buddhasaiyas) is long and high. It was made during Rama III's work on the temple. His body is covered in gold, his eyes and feet have mother-of-pearl decorations. The bottom of his feet have 108 scenes made from the shells on them in both Chinese and Indian style. Habbo Habbo, or Habbo Hotel, is a virtual game on the Internet which is for teenagers. It is played by lots of people at once so is a Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game. The chain of websites is owned by the Sulake Corporation and has been online since 2000. Habbo has services in many countries and have over 10 million unique visitors every month. About. Habbo is a popular online community for teens to chat with each other, and establish their own creative world. This site was founded and launched in Finland, the main location in the gaming system is known as a hotel lobby. Habbo money is known as a “credit” which was be purchased in numerous ways, and in different currencies from other countries and can be paid for using a credit card, or registering with a mobile phone. This gaming site became popular in a few international countries, not online including the United States but also in the UK, Finland, Japan, Switzerland, Spain, Italy and Sweden. Kay Jewelers Kay is an American jewelry company that is all around the world. Its slogan is, "Every kiss begins with Kay". The tag line was written in 1997 by a Senior Art Director named Randall Herrera working for an agency called Stern Advertising in Pepperpike Ohio. It was one of several lines offered up to Kay Jewelers and is still going strong to this day. Its headquarters are in Akron, Ohio. Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard Marshal of the Royal Air Force Hugh Montague Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard GCB OM GCVO DSO (3 February 1873 – 10 February 1956) was a British Army officer who commanded the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) from August 1915 to January 1918. The RFC was followed by the Royal Air Force (RAF), which was founded in March 1918. Trenchard, who learnt to fly in 1912, eventually became Chief of the Air Staff in 1919. In that position he reorganised the Air Ministry, and laid the foundations of the Royal Air Force. Trenchard was Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police from 1931 to 1935. The Commissioner is the highest ranking police officer in the United Kingdom, despite the fact that his authority is generally confined to Greater London. Career. As a boy Trenchard found learning difficult. He failed many tests and only just got into the British Army as an officer. Trenchard first went to India with the Army and he then asked to go to South Africa because he wanted to fight in the Boer War. During the fighting, Trenchard was shot in the chest and became unable to walk properly because of damage to his back. He returned to England where a doctor told him to go to Switzerland because the air was better than in England. Trenchard became bored and started to bobsleigh. After crashing on a fast bend, Trenchard was able to walk properly - because his back was fixed. After his health got better still, Trenchard returned to the war in South Africa. In 1912, Trenchard learned to fly and joined the Royal Flying Corps. He became the second most important man at the Central Flying School in England and had several important jobs in the Royal Flying Corps during World War I. Trenchard was the man in charge of the Royal Flying Corps in France from 1915 to 1917. In 1918, he was the first man in charge of the Royal Air Force for a short time. He then went back to France to take over the Royal Air Force bombing attacks on Germany. Winston Churchill put him back in charge of the Royal Air Force in 1919. Over the next 10 years, Trenchard started Air Force training bases and made sure that it was used to enforce the law in parts of the British Empire. In the 1930s Trenchard was in charge of the London's police force (the Metropolitan Police) and as an older man he argued for keeping a big RAF. In modern times, some people say that Trenchard was one of the first people to argue for strategic bombing. Danaus (genus) Danaus is a genus of butterflies. "Danaus" is in the family Nymphalidae. Species in this genus are commonly known as Tigers or Monarchs. Other websites. "Danaus" at www.funet.fi Harold Lloyd Harold Clayton Lloyd, Sr. (April 20, 1893 – March 8, 1971) was an American actor and producer. Along with Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton, Lloyd is remembered as one of the most popular and influential comedians of the silent movie years because he wear round glasses in 1917 and 1947. Harold Lloyd made nearly 200 movies. Many were without sound but later movies had sound. His movies usually had "thrill" sections where Lloyd would be in fast chases and performed his own stunts. Lloyd did these dangerous stunts himself even though a movie accident had caused the loss of his right thumb and index finger. Although Lloyd's movies were not as commercially successful as Chaplin's, Lloyd made a lot more money than Chaplin during their movie years. ($15.7 million to Chaplin's $10.5 million). Lloyd died of prostate cancer. Marc-Antoine Charpentier Marc-Antoine Charpentier (born near Paris, 1643; died Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, 24 February 1704) was a French composer. He lived in the period known as the Baroque period. His most famous music is his "Te Deum". This work begins with a prelude which today is extremely popular. It was the signature tune for the European Broadcasting Union where it was used to introduce programmes such as the Vienna New Year's Concert and the Eurovision Song Contest. It is often used as a voluntary for weddings. Life. We do not know much for certain about his early life. He went to Italy where he learned a lot by studying the music of Italian composers. He studied with the composer Giacomo Carissimi for several years. When he returned to France he got a job as musician to the Duchess of Guise who was a rich lady who employed several musicians. He worked for her for many years, both as a singer (he had a high tenor voice known in French as an “haute-contre”), and as a composer. When the great playwright Molière stopped working with Lully he asked Charpentier to work with him. He wrote music for several plays by Molière including "Le malade imaginaire". After Molière's died in 1673, Charpentier continued to write for other playwrights such as Thomas Corneille and Jean Donneau de Visé. He often used more musicians than he was allowed (only Lully, the king’s composer, was allowed to use lots of musicians for his performances). In the end Charpentier stopped writing music for plays. In 1679, Charpentier was invited to compose for the king’s son, the Dauphin. The Dauphin had a private chapel and Charpentier wrote religious music for him. In 1683 he was given a royal pension. In April of that year he became very ill and could not work for a time. From late 1687 to early 1698, Charpentier was "maître de musique" to the Jesuits, Soon he stopped composing big works such as oratorios and concentrated on smaller works for church worship which were sometimes played by a large number of players. He also was music teacher to the Duke of Chartres. In 1698 he was made maître de musique at the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris. This was one of the top musical jobs in France (the only better job in sacred music in France was director of the royal chapel at Versailles). He kept this job until his death in 1704. After his death nearly all the works he wrote for the Chapel were destroyed. This was the usual procedure when a maître de musique died. His famous Mass "Assumpta Est Maria" has survived. Perhaps that is because it was not composed for the Chapel. His music. Charpentier’s compositions include oratorios, masses, operas, and many smaller works. He also wrote a lot of music for plays. Many of his smaller works for one or two voices and instruments he called "air sérieux" or "air à boire" if they are in French, but "cantata" if they are in Italian. Bibliography. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980; Geneviève Bujold Geneviève Bujold (born 1 July 1942) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Anne Boleyn in the 1969 movie "Anne of the Thousand Days". Life and career. Bujold was born in Montreal, Quebec, into a Catholic French Canadian working-class family. She received a strict convent education for twelve years. After that, she entered Montreal's Conservatoire d'art dramatique. There she was trained in the great classics of French theatre. She made her stage debut as Rosine in Beaumarchais' "Le Barbier de Séville" in 1962. Bujold got her first major break in 1965, while on a theatrical tour in Paris. She was noticed by French director Alain Resnais, who offered her a role in his movie "La guerre est finie", opposite Yves Montand. This led to her staying in France for a time. There she appeared in two other movies: Philippe de Broca's "Le Roi de Coeur", opposite Alan Bates, and Louis Malle's "Le voleur", opposite Jean-Paul Belmondo. Back in Canada, Bujold married screenwriter/director/producer Paul Almond in 1967. She starred in three of his movies; "Isabel" (1968), "The Act of the Heart" (1970) and "Journey" (1972). She won the Canadian Film Award for best actress for the first two. The couple divorced in 1973, but worked again together in "Final Assignment" (1980) and "The Dance Goes On" (1991). The latter also featured their son Mathew Almond (born in 1968). Bujold appeared in Michel Brault's "Entre la mer et l'eau douce" (1967). She appeared in Claude Jutra's "Kamouraska" (1973), and won her third Canadian Film Award for best actress for that role. Bujold made notable appearances on American television ("Hallmark Hall of Fame", NBC) in George Bernard Shaw's classic plays; "Saint Joan" in 1967, and "Caesar and Cleopatra" in 1976, the later opposite Sir Alec Guinness. She also appeared in Jean Anouilh's "Antigone" in 1974 (Great Performances, PBS). International recognition came in 1969, when Bujold portrayed Anne Boleyn in Charles Jarrott's movie "Anne of the Thousand Days", opposite Richard Burton's Henry VIII. Her performance won her the Golden Globe Award for best actress in a leading role and an Academy Award nomination in the same category. The following year, she played Cassandra in Michael Cacoyannis's movie version of "The Trojan Women", opposite Katharine Hepburn, Vanessa Redgrave and Irene Papas. Bujold is fluent in both French and English. She has worked steadily in the United States, Canada and France. Notable movies have included; "Earthquake" (1974), "L'incorrigible" (1975), "Swashbuckler" (1976), "Obsession" (1976), "Another man, another chance" (1977), "Coma" (1978), "Murder by Decree" (1979), "Monsignor" (1982), "Tightrope" (1984), "Choose Me" (1984), "Dead Ringers" (1988), "The Moderns" (1988), "Les noces de papier" (1989), "Mon amie Max" (1994), "The House of Yes" (1997), "Eye of the Beholder" (1999), "Finding Home" (2003), etc. In 1994, she was chosen to play the lead character in the popular television series "". She made headlines when she quit after the first episode, finding the shooting schedule too demanding. Geneviève Bujold has lived in Malibu, California, since 1974. She has a second son, Emmanuel (born in 1980), with companion Dennis Hastings. Andris Nelsons Andris Nelsons (born November 18 1978) is a Latvian conductor. He is particularly known as the conductor of the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra. Life. Nelsons was born in Riga, Latvia. His parents were both musicians. His mother started the first early music group in Latvia. His father plays the cello and conducts choirs. Nelsons learned to play the trumpet. He played the trumpet with the Latvian National Opera. He had always wanted to be a conductor. The conductor Mariss Jansons taught him to become a good conductor. In 2003 Nelsons became principal conductor of the Latvian National Opera. He stayed with them for five years. In 2006, he became chief conductor of the Nordwestdeutsche Philharmonie of Herford, Germany, for three years. FourCC FourCC (Four Character Code, 4CC) is identifier of length of four bytes used to identify type of data format (e.g. video codec used in AVI multimedia container). The same video format can be (in dependency to used codec) denoted by several different FourCC codes. Even there is no exception to the rule to use more FourCC codes for that format by same codec. For example, some different DivX codec versions denote MPEG-4 ASP format by codice_1 and codice_2 codes. Therefore, selection of this code depends on used codec and thus on used multimedia framework. Fred Penner Frederick Ralph Cornelius Penner, CM (born November 6, 1946) is a Canadian TV host who is famous as a children's entertainer. Penner does concerts and lectures across North America. From 1985 to 1997 he had his own television show called "Fred Penner's Place." It was shown on the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation television network. It was co-produced and shown on Nickelodeon in 1989 and 1990. Fred Penner was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He began writing songs when he was only four years old. He taught himself how to play guitar. He learned that he could use his music to communicate and educate his sister who had Down Syndrome. After he graduated from university he worked with mentally and physically challenged children by using music to comfort and entertain them. Penner recorded an album of the music he used to educate his mentally challenged students. The album was called "The Cat Came Back." He also recorded a song of the same name which became a very famous children's song. He sang "The Cat Came back" on the popular children's TV show "Sharon, Lois & Bram's Elephant Show" in 1984. The following year the CBC network gave Penner his own TV show. In 1991 he was made a Member of the Order of Canada. He was given this honour for his years of "using music and song to entertain and educate his young audience". Frasin Frasin is a town in Suceava County, Romania. The Suceava River is 2 nautical miles to the northwest of Frasin, and Vama is 3.5 nautical miles west of Frasin. Frasin (disambiguation) Frasin can be any one of several places in Romania: MyWikiBiz MyWikiBiz is a wiki directory that lets people write about themselves. It began as a service creating Wikipedia articles for paying corporations. The site was founded by Gregory Kohs, a market researcher. Gregory Kohs and his sister started the MyWikiBiz venture in Pennsylvania in July 2006, first as a paid editing service, writing content for Wikipedia and other sites. The legitimacy of the idea was supported by the English Wikipedia’s Reward Board, where interested parties would offer cash rewards or gifts to create or improve Wikipedia articles. Topiary Topiary is the art of creating sculptures by clipping trees and bushes (shrubs). The shrubs used in topiary are evergreen, have small leaves, and produce dense foliage. Common plants used in topiary include bay laurel, holly bushes, myrtle and privet hedges. Shaped wire cages are sometimes used in modern topiary but traditional topiary depends on using special scissors with patience and a steady hand. Notably, the Samban-Lei Sekpil is the tallest topiary plant in the world. History. The word derives from the Latin word for an ornamental landscape gardener. A friend of Julius Caesar introduced Rome to the topiary. In Japan and China they have “cloud pruning” where they cut bushes into the shapes of clouds and “Karikomi”, where they cut large shrubs into curved shapes and objects. Bonsai is a form of topiary. During the 16th century in Europe, typical traditional topiary included geometric shapes: balls, pyramids, cones, and spirals. In the 20th century, Walt Disney used topiaries in the form of his cartoon characters to decorate his theme parks. Aldwych tramway station Aldwych tramway station was a tram stop that was underneath Kingsway. The tramway station should not to be confused with Aldwych tube station. The stop is part of the Kingsway tramway subway. Services running from Angel Islington to Aldwych started on 24 February 1906. Services from Highbury & Islington station to Tower Bridge and Kennington Gate started on 10 April 1908. The station closed on 6 April 1952. The Strand Underpass, which opened in 1964, comes to surface level part way through the former location of the Aldwych tramway station. No sign of the former station is visible on the surface or from the road tunnel however. 1969–70 NHL season The 1969–70 NHL season was the 53rd season of the National Hockey League (NHL). Twelve teams each played 76 games. The Boston Bruins were the Stanley Cup winners as they swept the St. Louis Blues four games to none in the final series. Regular season. Final standings. "Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes" <br> "Note: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold" Scoring leaders. "Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes" 1970–71 NHL season The 1970–71 NHL season was the 54th season of the National Hockey League (NHL). Fourteen teams each played 78 games. The Montreal Canadiens were the Stanley Cup winners as they swept the Chicago Black Hawks in seven games in the final series. The Buffalo Sabres and the Vancouver Canucks made their NHL debuts this season. Regular season. Final standings. "Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes" <br> "Note: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold" Scoring leaders. "Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes" Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor Francis I (Francis Stephen; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was the consort of Maria Theresa of Austria. With his wife, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. From 1728 until 1737 he was Duke of Lorraine, but lost Lorraine when he had to give it to France. He was the father of Marie Antoinette, the Queen of France. Biography. He married Maria Theresa of Austria for love. with the input of the Prince of Craon. They had sixteen children who are named here: Alexander Selkirk Alexander Selkirk, (1676 - 13th December 1721) also known as Alexander Selcraig, was a Scottish sailor. He became famous for his amazing story of survival and is likely to have inspired Daniel Defoe to write the book "Robinson Crusoe". He was on an expedition when the captain of the ship, Captain Stradling, left him on an island off the coast of Chile. Selkirk's job on board was the navigator. He controlled where the ship needed to go and where it was at that point in time. He had an important job. He tried to warn the captain about certain repairs that were needed but the captain ignored Selkirk and carried on sailing. Selkirk knew the ship was to drown at any given moment and tried to demand the repairs were taken care of but nobody listened. They had stopped at an island to restock fresh water and supplies. Selkirk said he would rather stay on the island than continue to ride on a dangerous, leaky ship. So there he was left. He had last minute second thoughts and tried to get back onto the ship but Stradling refused. Selkirk was marooned on that island for about four years and had to rely on himself and his skills for survival. At the time of his rescue, he had been gone for about four years. He was very familiar with crafting things himself out of resources on the islands and having to use his survival skills. He heard noises and when he went to find out what it was, he saw ships on the horizon. He didn't know if they were on his side or enemies but he knew he had to try. He got their attention and so they sailed over to his island. Once they had beached on the shore, Selkirk came out from the bushes with his hands up. It turned out they were English and on his side. They let him aboard their ship and they were at sea for another year, stopping off at a few places, before returning to England. When he returned, his story was written down by a person in his town and has been made into a slightly different version by Daniel Defoe who named it Robinson Crusoe. 'Robinson Crusoe' has been rewritten many times by lots of different people. There were some differences like how Crusoe was stranded for over twenty years and Selkirk, four. Even though this story was based off Selkirk, the exact island he was deserted on was renamed Robinson Crusoe Island after previously being called Juan Fernández Island. Robert Gould Shaw Robert Gould Shaw (October 10, 1837 in Boston, Massachusetts – July 18, 1863 in Morris Island, South Carolina) was a colonel during the American Civil War. He led the all African American 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment. Shaw died leading his troops attacking Fort Wagner in 1863, aged 25. Robinson Crusoe Island Robinson Crusoe Island is the largest of three islands in the Juan Fernández archipelago, belonging to Chile. The island is also known as Isla Más a Tierra or Aguas Buenas. More than 800 people live on the island, which is from the coast of South America. In 1966, Chile renamed it Robinson Crusoe Island, because Alexander Selkirk had spent about four years alone there. Selkirk may have been the person who inspired Daniel Defoe to write the book "Robinson Crusoe". Buster Keaton Joseph Frank "Buster" Keaton VI (October 4, 1895 – February 1, 1966) was an American actor, comedian and filmmaker. He is most famous for his silent films which showed his skill at physical comedy. The magazine "Entertainment Weekly" listed Keaton at number seven on their list of "The Greatest Directors of All Time." And in 1999 the American Film Institute placed Keaton at 21 on their list of "The Greatest Male Actors of All Time." Famous movie critic Roger Ebert wrote that Keaton's "extraordinary period from 1920 to 1929, he worked without interruption on a series of movies that make him, arguably, the greatest actor-director in the history of the movies." In a 2002 worldwide poll by "Sight & Sound" Keaton's 1927 movie titled "The General" was number 15 on their "Best movies of All Time" list. Three other Keaton movies were also added to the magazine's survey. Russian roulette Russian roulette is a deadly game played with a revolver. In the game, there is only one bullet in one of the six cylinder slots of the revolver. The person then closes the cylinder, spins it, places it against their head or sometimes inside their mouth and pulls the trigger, in hopes that the loaded cylinder slot hasn't aligned with the barrel and will therefore fire. The person therefore has a one-in-six chance of killing themselves. It is done either for bravado, boredom, suicide or other reasons. It sometimes used in fiction as part of interrogations, where the interrogator asks the suspect if he wants to play a game of Russian roulette and palms the bullet. Nude beach A nude beach is a beach where people can swim (or do other activitiers) without having clothes on. These beaches usully come in different varietires: Young children running around naked are often tolerated, on most beaches in Europe.This applies to children aged to about 5 years old. In many parts of Europe, nudity on the beach is often at least tolerated. The beaches where it is forbidden, and the ban is enacted are rare. Situation in the United States. For example, there is a public nude beach called Haulover Beach near Miami, Florida. There is a public nude park usually called Hippie Hollow Park (but officially called McGregor Park) on a lake near Austin, Texas. There is an admission charge and children are not allowed. There are several nude beaches in California. People are nude at one end of a public nude beach called Crystal Crescent Beach near Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. There is a public nude beach called Hanlan's Point Beach on an island near downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. There is a public nude beach called Wreck Beach in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. There is a public nude beach close to New York City called Gunnison in Sandy Hook, New Jersey. There are many nude beaches in Europe and Australia Undercroft An undercroft is traditionally a cellar or storage room, often brick-lined and vaulted, and used for storage in buildings since medieval times. Buddha Bar Buddha Bar is a Parisian bar and restaurant. It is in Boissy-d'Anglas street, in the 8th district of Paris, famous for its atmosphere. The franchise has expanded with similarly themed Buddha Bar venues in Prague, Kyiv and London, among others. October 2012 saw the launch of Buddha-Bar London and Parisians, Tarja Visan has brought her expertise across the channel and into the heart of Knightsbridge. Buddha-Bar London aims to push culinary boundaries and the menu blends Far Eastern cuisine with Western tastes and influences. Chinese, Japanese, Thai and other Eastern flavours are stylishly entwined to spearhead a new-wave Pacific Rim cuisine. Dishes created especially for London include Venison Tataki, Smoked Duck and Foie Gras Gyoza, Dragon Scallop and Pan-fried Seabass with Shiso Butter. Edwards syndrome Trisomy 18, also known as Edwards syndrome is a trisomy. It is a genetic disorder. People with trisomy 18 have three copies of chromosome 18. "Normal" people have two copies of the chromosome. It is named after John H. Edwards, who first described the syndrome in 1960. It is the second most common autosomal trisomy, after Down Syndrome, that carries to term. It is estimated that about one in 3,000 live births are affected. The incidence increases as the mother's age increases. The syndrome has a very low rate of survival. People with Edwards syndrome often have heart abnormalities, kidney malformations, and other internal organ disorders. About 95% of the babies with Edwards syndrome die before they are born. About half of all babies born with the condition will reach two months of age, and only 5-10% will survive for a year. The median life span is five to fifteen days. One percent of children born with this syndrome live to age ten, typically in cases of the less severe mosaic Edwards syndrome. Thames Embankment The Thames Embankment is a major feat of 19th century civil engineering. It reclaimed marshy land next to the River Thames in central London. Overview. The Embankment now runs on the northern side of the river from Parliament in Westminster to the City of London. It is a continuous four-lane road (mostly a double carriageway). It connects with all the bridges along the route from Westminster Bridge to Blackfriars Bridge. It was built in two parts, the Victoria and the Chelsea Embankment, but it is now unified. Londoners regard it as a single road, the Embankment. There is a much smaller road on the south side of the river, called the Albert Embankment. London Transport Executive The London Transport Executive (LTE) was the organisation responsible for public transport in the Greater London area, England, United Kingdom, between 1948-1963. In common with all London transport authorities from 1933 to 2000, the public name and operational brand of the organization was London Transport. Strand, London The Strand is a street in the City of Westminster, London. It runs parallel with the Thames on the northern side. It links the City of London with the centre of London at Charing Cross and Trafalgar Square. The Strand is the southern boundary of the Covent Garden district. Covent Garden is the space once occupied by a famous fruit and vegetable market, and is now a huge pedestrian-only plaza with many commercial outlets. The Strand passes Aldwych, and joins directly with Fleet Street at Temple Bar. The street is just over three-quarters of a mile long. It includes many commercial premises, two theatres, and hotels. The most notable hotel is the Savoy Hotel, one of the grand London hotels. The road's name comes from the Old English "strond", meaning the edge of a river. The street was much identified with the British upper classes between the 12th and 17th centuries, with many historically important mansions being built between the Strand and the river. These included Essex House, Arundel House, Somerset House, Savoy Palace, Durham House and Cecil House. The aristocracy moved to the West End during the 17th century, and the Strand became known for its coffee shops, restaurants and taverns. The street was a centre point for theatre and music hall during the 19th century, and several venues remain on the Strand. At the east end of the street are two historic churches: St Mary le Strand and St Clement Danes. This easternmost stretch of the Strand is also home to King's College, one of the two founding colleges of the University of London. In addition to the current Somerset House, other important structures include the Royal Courts of Justice and Australia House. Parnassiinae Parnassiinae is a subfamily of butterflies. It belongs in the family Papilionidae. They are commonly known as Apollos and Parnassians. The butterflies in this subfamily are only found in the Holarctic Region (the Holarctic Region is the northern part of North America and Eurasia). The caterpillars and adults are poisonous to vertebrates. The caterpillars are thought to be Müllerian mimics with millipedes. The adult butterflies are thought to be Müllerian mimics with adult Whites. After mating, the male glues a structure to the end of the female's abdomen. This keeps the female from mating again. This structure is called a sphragis. Extinct species. The two species listed here are extinct. They are also of uncertain placement. Milot Milot, (Kréyòl: "Milo") is a town in northern Haiti, in the "arrondissement" (part of a Haitian department) Acul-du-Nord, Nord department; the town is on the northern foothills of the "Massif du Nord" mountain range. The most important economic activity in Milot is farming. Some crops are sugar cane, cacao, tobacco and citrus fruits like orange. After the Haitian independence, the country was divided in two parts and the northern part was made a kingdom by Henri Christophe and he made Milot the capital of his kingdom. Christophe built a palace in Milot where he and his family lived; the palace was named "Sans-Souci". He also built a fort, "Citadelle Laferrière", high in the mountains at about 8 km from Milot, and some smaller forts in Ramiens, on the road to the "Citadelle". These buildings are now part of the Natural History Park - Citadel, Sans Souci, Ramiers, a World Heritage Site designated by the UNESCO in 1982. Islam in Austria Islam is a minority religion in Austria with 4.22% of the population in the 2001 census. Most Muslims came to Austria after 1960. They were migrant workers from Turkey and Ex-Yugoslavia. There are also communities of Arab and Pakistani origin. The westernmost Bundesland Vorarlberg has the highest share of Muslims in the country with 8.36%. There is a lot of industry there. It is followed by the capital Vienna with 7.82%. The central Bundesländer Salzburg, Upper Austria, Tyrol and Lower Austria have an average Muslim population. The south-eastern states of Styria, Carinthia as well as Burgenland in the east have fewer Muslims than the average. Austria is unique among Western European countries. It is until now the only country that has granted Muslims the status of a recognized religious community. They were first recognised after Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878. Austria has regulated the religious freedoms of the Muslim community with the so called "Anerkennungsgesetz" ("Act of Recognition"). This law was reactivated in 1979 when the Community of Muslim Believers in Austria ("Islamische Glaubensgemeinschaft in Österreich") was founded. This organization has the right to give lessons of religious education in state schools. It could also collect "church tax", but so far it has not exercised this privilege. It does not build, finance or administer mosques in Austria. Parallel structures exist within the Islamic religious group. The religious life takes place in mosques belonging to organisations. These organisations represent one of the currents of Turkish, Bosnian and Arab Muslims. Among the Turkish organisations, the "Federation of Turkish-Islamic Associations" is controlled by the Directorate for Religious Affairs, whereas the other groups, such as the "Süleymancı"s and "Milli Görüş" can be seen as branches of the pan-European organisation centered in Germany. Clever Hans Clever Hans (in German, der Kluge Hans) was a horse that was supposed to be able to do lots of difficult mathematical sums and solve complicated problems. Later, it was discovered that the horse was giving the right answers by watching the reactions of the people who were watching him. How Hans seemed to be clever. Hans was a horse that lived in Germany in the early 20th century. He belonged to a man called Wilhelm von Osten. Von Osten was a teacher who taught mathematics at a local school. He was an amateur horse trainer. This was a time when people were becoming interested in how intelligent animals were. This was largely because of what Charles Darwin had been writing about. Von Osten taught Hans to add, subtract, multiply, divide, work with fractions, tell the time and date, read and spell and to understand German. If he asked the horse a question such as: "What is 12 plus 12", the horse would tap its hoof 24 times. Von Osten traveled round the country with Hans, showing off his clever horse to the public. Scientists became interested in Clever Hans. The psychologist Carl Stumpf got a group of people together to study what was happening. His assistant Oskar Pfungst was the main investigator. The horse almost always gave the right answer when he could see his owner. He also gave the right answer if someone else asked him a question. This showed that Von Osten was not deliberately giving him secret signs. Pfungst provided the horse with blinders, which meant the horse could see only straight ahead. If he could see the person asking him the question, he got the answers right 89% of the time. If the person asking the questions was standing to the side, where the horse could not see, the answers were right only 6% of the time. Also, the horse did not get the answer right if the person asking the question did not know the answer himself. When the horse could answer the question, it started to tap more slowly when it got near to the right answer. Then it stopped when it got to the right answer. This showed that the horse was watching the person asking the question, and could sense when the person was expecting him to stop. Von Osten probably did not realize that he was giving the horse signals just by looking at him. The horse was, indeed, clever to guess what was wanted of him, but of course it did not understand the mathematics. The final proof was that Pfungst discovered how to signal to the horse, by slightly raising his eyebrows. Then he could get the horse to give any response he wanted. The Clever Hans effect. This effect is often called the "Clever Hans effect". It is used in psychology to describe when an animal or a person senses what someone wants them to do, even though they are not deliberately being given signals. It is important to take this effect into account when testing animals' intelligence or human intelligence. An animal may need to be separated from its trainer if their true intelligence is to be observed. On the other hand, an animal may be upset when it cannot see its trainer, so it might not give the right answer. This problem can often be solved by creating a situation in which the trainer does not know the right answer. The Clever Hans effect is famous, and has been used in popular culture. For example, there is an episode of "The Simpsons" ("Smart and Smarter"), in which Lisa Simpson becomes jealous of her baby sister Maggie because Maggie seems to be even more intelligent than Lisa. Then it is discovered that Maggie has been watching Lisa so carefully that she could sense what the answers were. Lisa is relieved to discover this. Rick Mercer Richard Vincent "Rick" Mercer (born October 17, 1969) is a Canadian comedian who has been on shows like "This Hour Has 22 Minutes" and his own show "The Rick Mercer Report". Mercer is openly gay. Subdomain A subdomain is the portion shown before a domain name, separated by a dot (.) For example, a domain might look like this Whereas the subdomain of this domain might look like this, shown here in bold Examples. Many sites use sub domains for applications such as email, calendars or different languages, including these examples. Subdomains again shown in bold Domain Domain can mean: Tretinoin Tretinoin is the acid form of vitamin A. It is also known as all trans retinoic acid, or ATRA. As a drug, it can be used used for the treatment of acne vulgaris and keratosis pilaris. The medicine goes under several brand names. Thunder Bridge Thunder Bridge is a hamlet near the villages of Stocksmoor and Kirkburton, in the Kirklees district, in the county of West Yorkshire, England. Thunder Bridge is also near the A629 road. The bridge is Grade 2 listed. RuBisCO Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase, better known as RuBisCO, is an enzyme that catalyzes the first major step of carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle. Carbon fixation is how the atoms of atmospheric carbon dioxide are made available to organisms in the form of energy-rich molecules such as glucose. RuBisCO splits 6-C molecules into two equal parts. RuBisCO is very important in biology and ecology because it catalyzes the primary chemical reaction by which inorganic carbon permanently enters the biosphere. RuBisCO is also the most abundant protein in leaves and the most abundant protein on Earth. It accounts for 50% of soluble leaf protein (20-30% of total leaf nitrogen) and 30% of soluble leaf protein in plants (5-9% of total leaf nitrogen). Given its important role in the biosphere, there are currently efforts to genetically engineer crop plants to contain more efficient RuBisCO. Boyle's law Boyle's law (also called Mariotte's law and the Boyle-Mariotte law) is a law about ideal gases. The law can be stated as follows: In other words, the volume of a constant mass of ideal gas at a constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure applied on it. In symbols, the law is: or where "P" is the pressure of the gas, "V" is the volume of the gas, and "k" is a constant. For a given mass of gas at a constant temperature, the product of the pressure and the volume is constant. As the volume decreases, the pressure increases in proportion, and vice versa. For example, when the pressure halves, the volume doubles. Suppose you have a tank that contains a certain volume of gas at a certain pressure. When you decrease the volume of the tank, the same number of gas particles is now contained in a smaller space. Therefore, the number of collisions increases. Therefore, the pressure is greater. Imagine you have a gas at a certain pressure (P1) and volume (V1). If you change the pressure to a new value (P2), the volume changes to a new value (V2). We can use Boyle's law to describe both sets of conditions: The constant, k, is the same in both cases, so we can say the following: Example: The pressure of a gas is 3 atm and the volume is 5 litres. If the pressure is reduced to 2 atm, what is the volume? ∴ The volume will be 7.5 litres. The law was found by Robert Boyle in 1662, and afterwards independently by Edme Mariotte in 1679. Dik Trom Dik Trom is the main character in a series of five children’s books written in the Dutch language. The author, C.Joh. Kieviet wrote the first book in 1891. It was called “Uit het leven van Dik Trom” (“From the life of Dik Trom”). The books became extremely popular and they continue to be very popular today, more than 100 years after they were written. The Life of Dik Trom. Dik Trom was a naughty boy who got up to lots of tricks with his friends. However, he is a very honest boy and he is very kind, so the readers like him. Dik Trom lived in the village of Hoofddorp in the Harlemmermeer in the north of Holland. This is the village where the author grew up, so he was setting the stories in his own village, and based a lot of the characters on real people he had known. Dik’s real name was “Dirk”. This is a common Dutch name. Dirk was very fat, even as a boy, so he soon became known as “Dik” (the Dutch word “dik” means “fat”). The word “trom” means “drum” so his name really means “Fat Drum”. Dik’s parents love him very much, but they are no good at disciplining him. When he does something naughty his father just says: “‘t is toch een bijzonder kind - dat is-ie” (“he’s a really special child, that he is”). Dik is always brave, he is never a coward. His friends want to go and annoy a little old lady, but Dik persuades them to go and annoy the village policeman, and he has a leading role in that adventure. Another adventure tells how Dik said he could ride a donkey without falling off. The donkey belonged to the village merchant, and it was a stubborn beast that always tried to throw off its riders. Dik managed to stay on by sitting backwards on the donkey and holding on to its tail. This is how Dik is usually seen in pictures, and there is a statue of him in the village of Hoofddorp which shows him on the donkey. Other books about Dik Trom. Kieviet found it difficult at first to find a publisher for his book, because the main character was naughty. Once it had appeared in a second edition with some illustrations it became very popular, and Kieviet followed it with four other books about Dik, and one about Dik’s son. Eight films have been made about Dik Trom, the most recent in 2010. Uranium-235 Uranium-235 is a radioactive isotope of uranium. Uranium-235 has 143 neutrons, 92 protons, and an isotope mass of 235.0439299. Uranium-235 has 235Pa, 235Np, and 239Pu as its parent isotopes. As it decays, it produces 231Th. Uranium-235 has a half-life of 703.8 million years. Uranium-235 makes up about 0.72% of natural uranium. When it is separated from the other uranium isotopes, it is called enriched uranium. The main use for enriched uranium is in Nuclear reactors. Enriched uranium is best known for its use in the bombing of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. The bomb called Little Boy used Uranium-235. Uranium-235 can be used for nuclear fission. This fission is about 504.81 barns for slow thermal neutrons and 1 barn for fast thermal neutrons. Uranium-235 was discovered in 1935 by Arthur Jeffrey Dempster. Eddie Gustafsson Douglas Edward „Eddie“ Alexander Gustafsson McIntosh (born 31 January 1977 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is a football player. He is currently playing for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg as goalkeeper in the Austrian t-mobile league. He started playing football in 1983 with IFK Stockholm. He played afterwards for IFK Stockholm, IFK Norrköping, Molde FK, Ham-Kam and Lyn Oslo. 2009 he signed for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg. On April 18th, 2010 he was injured severely during the awaymatch versus LASK Linz and had to recover 317 days. On March 2nd, 2011 he came back in the away match versus Kapfenberg and is now again the Nr.1 goalkeeper of FC Red Bull Salzburg. In January 2011 he singed a new contract till 2014. Broderick Crawford William Broderick Crawford (December 9, 1911 – April 26, 1986) was an American actor. Career. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S., his first film was "Woman Chases Man" (1937). He was in "Beau Geste" (1939), a classic starring Gary Cooper. His got an Academy Award and a Golden Globe in 1950 for his role in the 1949 movie "Decepción", directed by Robert Rossen. In the 1950s he worked with Glenn Ford in "Convicted" (1950, directed by Henry Levin), "Human Desire" (1954, directed by Fritz Lang) and the western classic "The Fastest Gun Alive" (1956), where he played a gunslinger who wants to prove he is the fastest gun. He starred in the famous Italian film directed by Federico Fellini, "Il bidone" (1955). In 1966 he co-starred with Audie Murphy in "The Texican" (1966). In 1970 he starred in "Ransom Money", where he played a police inspector who led the rescue of a child who was kidnapped by a gang. He narrated the film "The Candidate" (1972) and starred "Terror in the Wax Museum" (1973), a horror film starring Ray Milland and John Carradine. Towards the end of the 1970s, he had a great performance in the film "The Private Files of J. Edgar Hoover" (1977), directed by Larry Cohen. Television. Crawford starred in "Highway Patrol" (1955-1959). He played Chief Dan Mathews, an experienced highway police chief. Crawford also worked on films for television such as "The Challenge" (1970), "The Phantom of Hollywood" (1974), "Look What's Happened to Rosemary's Baby" (1976), and "Mayday at 40,000 Feet!" (1976). Crawford was a special guest star in "Rawhide", "The Virginian", "The Girl from U.N.C.L.E.", "The Man from U.N.C.L.E.", "Cimarron Strip", "Banacek", "Vega$", "Fantasy Island", and others. Peter Graves Peter Graves (March 18, 1926 – March 14, 2010) was an American actor. Early life. His mother was of German ancestry; his father of Norwegian. Career. In the early years of his career he starred in sci fi movies such as "Red Planet Mars" (1952), "Killers from Space" (1954), and some low-budget western movies, including "Fort Defiance" (1951) and "Fort Yuma" (1955). He played Morgan Earp, in "Wichita" (1955), with Joel McCrea and directed by Jacques Tourneur. Peter Graves won the role of traitor prisoner Sgt. Price in the movie "Stalag 17" (1953), directed by Billy Wilder and starring William Holden. Another of his movies was "The Night of the Hunter" (1955), with Robert Mitchum. Other movies include "Texas Across the River" (1966), with Dean Martin, "The Ballad of Josie" (1967), "The Five Man Army" (1969), where he leads a group of mercenaries in Mexico. In 1980s he plays a crazy pilot, in the comedy movie "Airplane!" (1980) "and Airplane II: The Sequel" (1982). His last movie was "Addams Family Values" (1993). Television. In 1967 Graves replaced Steven Hill in the CBS television series Mission: Impossible. He played the role Jim Phelps leader of a group of spies. He worked on the series from 1967 until 1973. He returned later to make "Mission: Impossible 1988". He also had a relative success in the series "Fury" (1955-1960), "Whiplash" (1961), and "Court Martial" (1965-1966). Her performances include specials such as "Hallmark Hall of Fame", "Fireside Theatre", "Celebrity Playhouse", "Matinee Theatre", "Cavalcade of America", "Disneylandia", "The Red Skelton Show". Personal grooming Personal grooming, also called titivating and preening, is the art of cleaning and grooming parts of the body. In humans. Grooming in humans is usually done in the bathroom, for the hair. Things such as washing and cleaning the hair, combing it and taking out the tangles, and styling. It can also include shaving, done by a man to cut his beard short. However, sometimes the beard can be groomed as well, and washed and grown. In animals. Animals usually clean their fur, feathers or other skin coverings. This is also a form of hygiene. Taking out other objects such as insects, leaves, dirt or twigs, are all forms of grooming. Among animals, birds spend a lot of time preening their feathers. They do this to remove ectoparasites, keep them in good condition, and waterproof them. Felidae cats are well known for their grooming, which they usually do by licking themselves. One of the reasons this is done is to remove all the scent on them so that they will not attract any predators. Cats groom so much that they often produce hairballs from the fur they accidentally swallow. Mutual grooming. In humans, mutual grooming is done to become more close to each other emotionally. Firework (song) "Firework" is a 2010 song by Katy Perry from her second major-label album, "Teenage Dream". It was released on October 26, 2010. The song received a good review by music critics and claimed the top spot on "Billboard" Hot 100. The single hit top 5 on twenty charts worldwide. It reached the top three in most of the countries where it charted, including Australia and the UK. It topped charts in the US, Canada, and New Zealand. In the US, it was Perry's fourth number-one song altogether and the third in a streak of five number-ones. At the 2012 Grammy Awards, "Firework" was nominated for Record of the Year and Best Pop Solo Performance. The song was certified Diamond in the US for shipments of over 10 million copies in that country alone. Background. "Firework" was written by Perry, Mikkel S. Eriksen, Tor Erik Hermansen, Sandy Wilhelm, and Ester Dean while produced by Stargate and Sandy Vee at Soapbox Studios in Atlanta, Georgia. It was recorded at Roc the Mic Studios in New York City. It was mixed at The Bunker Studios by Vee. Audio engineering was done by Carlos Oyandel and Damien Lewis. All instruments were done by Stargate and Vee. Lead and background vocals were provided by Perry. Perry said that "Firework" is her favorite song on "Teenage Dream". Music video. The video for the song features people in different situations that show their bravery. For example, there is a young child battling cancer, a woman who is at first shy of wearing a bathing suit, and a man who is unsure of his sexuality. Perry sings that they are all "fireworks" and are brave for fighting through their issues. The video has received over 1.077 billion views on YouTube as of January 2018. Man's Place in Nature Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature is an 1863 book by Thomas Henry Huxley, in which he gives evidence for the evolution of man and apes from a common ancestor. It was the first book devoted to the topic of human evolution, and discussed much of the anatomical and other evidence. Backed by this evidence, the book said that evolution applied as fully to man as to all other life. Precursors of the idea. In the 18th century Linnaeus and others had classified man as a primate, but without drawing evolutionary conclusions. It was Lamarck, the first to develop a coherent theory of evolution, who discussed human evolution in this context. Robert Chambers in his anonymous "Vestiges" also clearly made the point. The book came five years after Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace announced their theory of evolution by means of natural selection, and four years after the publication of Darwin's "Origin of Species". In the "Origin" Darwin had deliberately avoided tackling human evolution, except for a sentence: "Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history". Darwin's sequel came eight years later, with "The Descent of Man, and Selection in relation to Sex" (1871). Content and structure of the book. Chapters. I. "On the natural history of the man-like Apes" p1–56. This contains a summary of what was known of the great apes at that time. II. "On the relations of Man to the lower animals" p57–112. This chapter and its addendum contained most of the controversial material, and is still important today. III. "On some fossil remains of Man" p119–159. A neanderthal skull-cap and other bones had been found, and various remains of early "Homo sapiens". Huxley compares these remains with existing human races. Bruno Mars Peter Gene Hernandez (born October 8, 1985), known by his stage name Bruno Mars, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and dancer. After an unsuccessful stint with Motown, Mars signed with Atlantic Records in 2002. He became recognized as a solo artist after lending his vocals and co-writing the hooks for the songs "Nothin on You" by B.o.B, and "Billionaire" by Travie McCoy. He also helped write the hits "Right Round" by Flo Rida featuring Kesha, "Wavin' Flag" by K'naan, and "Fuck You" by Cee Lo Green, also known as "Forget You". In October 2010, he released his album, "Doo-Wops & Hooligans". The album reached number three on the "Billboard" 200 chart. He was nominated for seven Grammys at the 53rd Grammy Awards, winning Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for "Just the Way You Are". His singles "Just the Way You Are", "Nothin' on You", "Grenade", "Locked Out of Heaven", "When I Was Your Man", "The Lazy Song", "It Will Rain", "24K Magic", and "Finesse" have all reached the top five of the US "Billboard" Hot 100, with the first five reaching number one. Mars has sold 10 million albums around the world. In 2013, his song "Locked Out of Heaven" was nominated for a Grammy Award. He was featured on British producer Mark Ronson's song "Uptown Funk!", which became the number-one song of the year 2015 and the 2010s decade in the United States. It spent 14 weeks at number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100. "Uptown Funk" won a Grammy Award for Record of the Year. Mars co-wrote the song "All I Ask" from English singer-songwriter Adele's third studio album "25" (2015). In 2016, Mars released the single "24K Magic" (pronounced "twenty-four-karat magic") from his album, also called "24K Magic". It has reached the top five of the "Billboard" Hot 100. The second single from "24K Magic", "That's What I Like", became Mars' seventh number-one song on the Hot 100. A remix of the "24K Magic" song "Finesse", featuring rapper Cardi B, was released in January 2018 and reached the top five around the world. In 2021, Mars collaborated with recording artist Anderson .Paak on the song "Leave the Door Open" as the duo Silk Sonic. The song became Mars' eighth and Paak's first number-one on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Early life. Peter Gene Hernandez was born on October 8, 1985, in Honolulu, Hawaii. He was raised in the Waikiki neighborhood of Honolulu. He is the son of Peter Hernandez and Bernadette "Bernie" San Pedro Bayot (died June 1, 2013). His father is of half Puerto Rican and half Jewish (from Hungary and Ukraine) ancestry and is originally from Brooklyn, New York. Mars' mother immigrated to Hawaii from the Philippines as a child and was a Filipino. At the age of six, in 1991, Mars appeared on "The Arsenio Hall Show" as an Elvis Presley impersonator. After performing many times in his hometown throughout his childhood, he decided to pursue a musical career and moved to Los Angeles after graduating from high school. Artist influences. As a child, he was influenced by artists such as Elvis Presley and Michael Jackson and would often try to sing like these artists. Mars also incorporates reggae and Motown inspired sounds into his work. Jon Caramanica of "The New York Times" referred to Mars as "one of the most versatile and accessible singers in pop." Awards. Grammy Awards. Mars has won 15 Grammys (10 solo, four as part of Silk Sonic, and one as part of The Smeezingtons) from 35 nominations. Space Shuttle Endeavour Space Shuttle Endeavour (OV-105) is the fifth space shuttle run by NASA. It replaced the Space Shuttle Challenger. Endeavour was named after Captain James Cooks's ship, HMS Endeavour. It made 25 trips into space, travelling about 123,000,000 miles. It is now on display at the California Science Center. Woodruff Woodruff ("Galium odoratum") is a plant used for herbical medicine. It grows to 30-50 cm long. Uses. Dried woodruff is used in potpourri and as a moth deterrent. It is also used in Germany, to flavour May wine, syrup for beer, brandy, sausages, jelly, jam, a soft drink (Tarhun), ice cream, and tea. In Germany it is also used to flavour Sherbet (powder). Mixed with German "corn schnapps" (alternative: vodka), it is a popular drink among people at parties. It is also called "Korn Brause" or "Korn ahoi". Also, Waldmeister flavoured jelly made from vodka is popular at parties too. Sudo The sudo command is a program for Unix-like operating systems like Linux distributions. It allows users to run programs as another user. The "su" portion is sometimes described as substitute user, super user, or switch user. Importance. The sudo command gives the administrator the option of allowing certain users access to otherwise disallowed commands on a granular level. This power must be carefully administered as it could potentially allow users to make changes to files that could cause serious damage to other users' files as well as damaging the operating system itself. Usage. The sudo command is used from the command line. For example: Imagine a system has three users: student, JOE, and BOB. JOE wants to know what files are in BOB's home directory. As one would expect, unless given rights through other means, JOE will be denied: If JOE is in the sudoer file, she can use the sudo command to run the ls command as if she were BOB: If JOE is not in the sudoers file, she will be denied: Another example, to delete a file (e.g. Example.php) normal users do not typically have permissions for, the user can type: When the password is entered correctly (assuming proper entries in the sudoers file), the computer would then run the command. Programs with a graphical user interface can also be run with sudo, but it may mess them up. Various desktops for Unix-like systems usually have their own version of sudo for such programs. Castling's Heath Castling's Heath is a hamlet in the civil parish of Groton, in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. It has three listed buildings, including Castling's Hall, Castling's Heath Cottage and Manor Farmhouse. There is also Dove Barn in Castling's Heath for weddings. Neuroblastoma Neuroblastoma is a kind of cancer that usually occurs in children and infants. This kind of cancer mostly affects the Autonomic nervous system. The cancer creates tumors, but the cells or pieces of the tumors do not fully finish growing. There are about 650 cases per year in the United States. About half of these cases occur in children younger than two years old. The tumors can grow from any neural crest element of the sympathetic nervous system. Most of the time, it comes from one of the adrenal glands. It can also start growing in nerve tissues in the neck, chest, abdomen, or pelvis. Neuroblastoma is one of the few malignant types of cancer that sometimes goes away on its own, for no obvious reason. Types and forms. The illness can have many different forms. There are three risk categories (types): low, intermediate (medium), and high risk. Low-risk disease is most common in infants, who usually get better, though they may need to have surgery. High-risk disease is very difficult for doctors to make better. Esthesioneuroblastoma, which is also called "olfactory neuroblastoma", comes from the olfactory epithelium and doctors are still not sure what type of cancer it is. It is not a cancer of the sympathetic nervous system, and is not the same thing as neuroblastoma. Navigator Navigator means more than one thing. Alfa Romeo 156 The Alfa Romeo 156 is a car produced by Alfa Romeo. It replaced the Alfa Romeo 155 in late 1997 and was replaced by the Alfa Romeo 159 in late 2005. The Sportwagon was added in 2000 and received a new dashboard in 2002. The exterior was facelifted in 2003. It was the first car to feature hidden rear door handles, a design feature first seen on the Nissan Pathfinder SUV, an idea which has since been copied by other brands. Engelbert Humperdinck (composer) Engelbert Humperdinck (1 September 1854 – 27 September 1921) was a German composer. Today, he is seen as part of the Romantic movement. Most people remember him for his opera, "Hänsel und Gretel" which was first performed in 1893. British singer, Arnold George Dorsey (born 1936), uses the name "Engelbert Humperdinck" as his stage name. He wanted the name to make him seem more cultured and refined. Solar power plant A solar power plant is based on the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using "concentrated solar power" (CSP). Concentrated solar power systems use lenses, mirrors, and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaics converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect. The largest photovoltaic power plant in the world was the 354 MW installation located in the Mojave Desert, California. Other large CSP plants include the 250 MW Agua Caliente Solar Project in Arizona, the Solnova Solar Power Station (150 MW, 250 MW when finished), and the Andasol solar power station (150 MW), both in Spain. Concentrated solar power plants first appeared in the 1980s. Solar power is increasingly used. The solar power plant is based on the conversion of sunlight into electricity. As the use of solar energy has been increased nowadays. Not only we save the electricity with the help of a solar power plant but it also contributes towards the environment. It converts solar energy into electricity either directly using photovoltaics. It is in great use as it is least expensive and provides electricity with sunlight. The utilization of these products is increasing day by day after knowing the importance of solar energy use. the government is also taking initiatives to aware the people about solar products by introducing incentive schemes. Installing solar power plant is quite beneficial in every aspect not only your pocket but the entire globe. This solar equipment is used in an active manner and converts the solar energy into a useable form which can be used for powering all sort of appliances. Concentrated solar power system use mirrors, lenses and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. The photoelectric effect coverts the light into electric current. All the countries all over the globe have decided to bring the solar products into great use. As everyone is aware nowadays to contribute towards the globe, our environment with the help of solar energy. Apart from this, it is a one-time investment and there will no longer need to spend on heavy electricity cost again and again. Jersey (disambiguation) Jersey is an island in the English Channel. Other places: Things: Other: Steampunk Steampunk is a style of fiction having to do with a semi-fictional world where old machinery from the Victorian 19th century is still being used. Technologies that were new or important to the Victorians, such as steam power, clockwork or electricity, are big themes in steampunk. Important influences on steampunk are the Victorian "scientific romances", the first science fiction novels. Authors like Jules Verne and H.G. Wells are still very popular. Modern novels often cross-over with Goth and vampire themes. The fictional style has become an active 'scene' where steampunks dress in costume and attend meetings or conventions. This costume is a large part of the scene. Many steampunks spend lots of time sewing their own outfits, or collecting accessories such as hats and goggles. The "Maker" movement involves many people who are both Makers and steampunks. They make Contraptions, fanciful devices as either art or a pretended function. Some of these contraptions are as large as cars, buses or even a steam-powered mobile house. Sometimes this aspect is expanded to include cultural ideas of the 19th and early 20th century, such as small items like clothing and accessories, or large objects such as locomotives (trains) or machines that have not even been invented yet, like airplanes. Steampunk themes in fiction. Sometimes steampunk is used in stories to give a rough, gritty feel. This is typical of American steampunk stories, where many stories are set around the Old West or the American Civil War. British steampunk is a contrast to this. Instead it considers Victorian society as a more polite society and tries to re-create a world of politeness, etiquette and distinctions between classes. Neither flavour of steampunk cares too much about historical accuracy. The purpose is to have fun, not to accurately re-enact a period of real history. Favourite Steampunk machines. Steampunks are very fond of particular machines and these keep re-appearing as themes in fiction or in costume. Origins of the name. The word "steampunk" is made of the root words "steam" and "punk". A well-known science-fiction author William Gibson, wrote books in the early 1980s that created the "cyberpunk" style. Later he, and the writer Bruce Sterling, wrote one of the early steampunk novels "The Difference Engine". This book was popular and readers looked for a term to describe this new style. They chose "steampunk", from "steam" and "cyberpunk". An alternate story is that the term was coined by writer K.W. Jeter in a letter to Faren Miller at "Locus" magazine. Derivative styles. There are several related styles that have grown from steampunk. These usually have names ending in "-punk". The best known is "Dieselpunk", which is set in the 1930s. Like the Steampunk fondness for Victorian steam machines, Dieselpunks like the Modernist style of the 1930s, with polished aluminium aircraft and petrol or diesel engines. Another variety is set in the American frontier during the late 19th century. The American 1960s television series "Wild Wild West" is a good example of this. Paranormal steampunk includes legendary creatures such as werewolves or vampires and mixes horror with steampunk. Jersey (fabric) Jersey is a type of fabric which is mainly used for clothing. Originally it was made of wool, but today other materials, such as cotton or synthetic fibers are also used. Since the Middle Ages, the island of Jersey exported a lot of knitted goods; the fabric used became well-known under the name. Brown hair Brown hair is the second most common hair color. It varies from light brown to black. People with brown or black hair are known as brunettes. Brown hair is common in Indo European and West Eurasian people. However, people with brown or black hair are found all across the world. Joy Behar Joy Behar is an American actress, comedian and writer. She co-hosts the television program "The View" on ABC. Behar has been in a number of movies and other television programs. She currently hosts "The Joy Behar Show". She was born October 7, 1942. Jersey (clothing) In sport, a jersey is a shirt worn by a member of a team, often with the wearer's name and team number as well. Many Cycling jerseys of specific colour or pattern represent certain statuses in cycling, such as the "maillot jaune" (yellow jersey) of the leader of the Tour de France, or the rainbow jersey. The World Cycling Union also says a champion must wear the champions jersey in a race, not the team jersey. Cycling jerseys are usually made of special synthetic material to help sweat away from the skin. The main garment of an ice hockey uniform, which was traditionally called a sweater, is increasingly known as a hockey jersey. This garment, along with basketball jerseys which are usually sleeveless and baseball jerseys which are usually button up, have become fashion accessories. In some sports, such as baseball, basketball, and American football, a player's jersey may be "retired". When a jersey is retired that player's jersey is placed usually where the team plays in honour of that player's accomplishment. The retiring of a jersey at one time included the retiring of the number on the player's jersey leaving it unavailable for future players, to further honour that player. However, as jerseys are usually double digit (00-99), that leaves only 100 possible numbers—if the rules of the sport allow it. For example, in U.S. college basketball, only 36 distinct numbers are possible, as rules prohibit the use of any digits greater than 5. As such the practice of retiring the number has dwindled, and in most cases only the specific jersey is retired and put on display. Other. It is common for Australian and South African year 12 students and year 13 students in New Zealand to receive personalised jerseys during their last year at school. These are commonly referred to as a year 12 or leavers' jumpers. They are based on the design of a sport jersey (usually Australian Rules Football or Association Football), feature school colours, the year the students graduate, and a personalised nickname. They are usually worn over the normal school uniform. It is common for students to get personalised names on the back of their jerseys. In Australia there has been a recent trend with many students now preferring to get year 12 hoodies, jackets or baseball varsity style jackets instead of the traditional jerseys. History. Jersey, in the Channel Islands, was famous for its knitting trade in medieval times, and because of that original fame, the name jersey is still applied to many forms of knitted fabric, round or flat. The traditional jersey, and traditional guernsey, are dyed a navy blue colour, using a dye that does not require stripping the wool of its natural oil, rendering these sweaters surprisingly water resistant. The wool used in guernseys is often passed through oil in order to render it doubly water-resistant. In sports. In sport a jersey is a shirt worn by a member of a team, often with the wearer's name and team number as well. Many Cycling jerseys of specific colour or pattern represent certain statuses in cycling, such as the "maillot jaune" (yellow jersey) of the leader of the Tour de France, or the rainbow jersey. The World Cycling Union also says a champion must wear the champions jersey in a race, not the team jersey. Cycling jerseys are usually made of special synthetic material to help sweat away from the skin. The main garment of an ice hockey uniform, which was traditionally called a sweater, is increasingly known as a hockey jersey. This garment, along with basketball jerseys which are usually sleeveless and baseball jerseys which are usually button up, have become fashion accessories. In some sports, such as baseball, basketball, and American football, a player's jersey may be "retired". When a jersey is retired that player's jersey is placed usually where the team plays in honour of that player's accomplishment. The retiring of a jersey at one time included the retiring of the number on the player's jersey leaving it unavailable for future players, to further honour that player. However, as jerseys are usually double digit (00-99), that leaves only 100 possible numbers—if the rules of the sport allow it. For example, in U.S. college basketball, only 36 distinct numbers are possible, as rules prohibit the use of any digits greater than 5. As such the practice of retiring the number has dwindled, and in most cases only the specific jersey is retired and put on display. Other. It was common for Australian and South African year 12 students and year 13 students in New Zealand to receive personalised jerseys during their last year at school. These are commonly referred to as a year or leavers' jumpers. They are based on the design of a sport jersey (usually Australian Rules Football or Association Football), feature school colours, the year the students graduate, and a personalised nickname. They are usually worn over the normal school uniform. In Australia there has been a recent trend with many students now preferring to get year 12 hoodies, jackets or baseball varsity style jackets instead of the traditional jerseys. Cameron Mitchell Cameron Mitchell (November 4, 1918 - July 6, 1994), was an American actor. Career. Born in Pennsylvania, U.S.. His first role was in a short movie "The Last Installment: A Crime Does Not Pay Subject" (1945), That same year he was cast in "What Next, Corporal Hargrove?" by Richard Thorpe. Also had a role in the movie "They Were Expendable" (1945), John Wayne. In 1948 he landed the role of Lieutenant Ansel Goldberg, in the classic war movie "Command Decision", with Clark Gable. The decade of 1950s was very good for Mitchell, working in many movies such as "Smuggler's Gold" (1951), the Sci Fi Movie "Flight to Mars" (1951). In the early 1960s, Mitchell has great success in Europe he starring in movies: "Erik the Conqueror" (1961) - "Caesar the Conqueror" (1962) - "Attack of the Normans" (1962) - "The Black Duke" (1963) -"Last Gun" (1964), "Minnesota Clay" (1964), "In the Shadow of the Eagles" (1966) - "I coltelli del vendicatore" (1966), "Island of the Doomed" (1967). In 1970 Mitchell starred in the cult movie "The Rebel Rousers", with Jack Nicholson, and directed by Martin B. Cohen. He plays a man who is harassed by a motorcycle gang from hell. He also co-starred in the movies: "Hombre" (1967), a western with Paul Newman, "The Other Side of the Wind" (1972), directed by Orson Welles, "Buck and the Preacher" (1973), with Sidney Poitier, "The Midnight Man" (1974), starring and directed by Burt Lancaster, and "The Klansman" (1974), with Lee Marvin. In the decade of the 1980s, Mitchell starred only in low-budget movie. Among his movies of the 80s are "The Silent Scream" (1980), "The Nightmare Never Ends" (1980), "The Guns and the Fury" (1981), "The Tomb" (1986), with John Carradine, and "The Offspring" (1987), with Vincent Price. Television. In 1967 he was hired to play the role of Buck Cannon in "The High Chaparral", with Leif Erickson as Big John Cannon. The series was a success and remained four seasons between 1967 and 1971. He also worked in American television from its origins, in 1962, is the narrator of the TV series "The Beachcomber". He was also guest starred in TV series "Colt .45", "Wagon Train", "The Untouchables", "Bonanza", "Daniel Boone", "Cade's County", "Alias Smith and Jones", "Mission: Impossible", "Night Gallery", "Gunsmoke", "Police Story", "Magnum, P.I.", "Matt Houston", and others. Freckle Freckles are clusters of concentrated melanin that are most often visible with a fair skin complexion. Freckles are predominantly found on the face, although they may appear on any skin exposed to the sun, such as the lips, neck, arms, neck, shoulders, back and chest. They are an inherited trait, caused by variation in the MC1R gene that is involved in the determination of red hair, fair skin, and freckles. Freckle formation is triggered through exposure to sunlight. Two types of melanin, the red pheomelanin and the black eumelanin, are present in human skin. Eumelanin protects against sunlight. People with red hair have mostly pheomelanin in their hair and skin and/or a reduced ability to produce eumelanin. This may explain why they fail to tan and are at risk from the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. About 1.5 billion people in the world have freckles. About 75 per cent of Filipino people have freckles. Lemon verbena Lemon verbena ("Aloysia citrodora") is a type of flowering plant in the verbena family. It can also be called lemon beebrush. Its tiny flowers bloom purple or white in late summer. Uses. Lemon verbena leaves are used to add a lemony taste to fish and poultry dishes, vegetable marinades, salad dressings, jams, puddings, and beverages. It also is used to make herb tea. Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae (also known as the cashew family or sumac family) is a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales, with about 70 genera and 650 species of evergreen or deciduous trees, shrubs, and woody vines. Are plants including cashew, mango and pistachio. It is native to tropical and subtropical areas of the world, but a few species occur in temperate regions. Charlotte's Web Charlotte's Web is a children's novel by E. B. White. First published in 1952, it was illustrated by Garth Williams and won many awards. Three movies are based on the book: Golpar Golpar ("Heracleum persicum"), also known as Persian hogweed, is a flowering plant. It grows wild in mountains. Uses. Golpar seeds are used as a spice in Persian cooking. These seedpods are slightly bitter. They are usually sold in powder and are often sold as "Angelica Seeds." The powder is sprinkled over beans and potatoes. Golpar is also used in soups and stews. It is often sprinkled over pomegranate seeds. Golpar is also mixed with vinegar into which lettuce leaves are dipped before eating. Tsunami warning system Tsunami warning system or TWS detects tsunamis and issues warnings to prevent loss of life and property. It consists of two equally important components: a "network of sensors" to detect tsunamis and a "communications infrastructure" to issue timely alarms to start evacuation before the big waves reach the land to let the people to rush to safety. There are two distinct types of tsunami warning systems: "international" and "regional". Both of those systems depend on the fact that "tsunami waves" travel, approximately, 15-30 times slower than "seismic waves". The Sceptical Chymist The Sceptical Chymist is a cornerstone book in the history of chemistry. It was written by Robert Boyle FRS (1627–1691). He was a 17th century natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor. Boyle was an alchemist, but also the first modern chemist. He is famous for Boyle's law, which is about the relationship between the temperature and pressure of a gas. Tsunami protection engineering Tsunami protection engineering is intended to prevent or mitigate possible tsunami damage and save lives. The best method of protection seems to be the use of seawalls in front of ports and cities. Another effective method from a tsunami is proper planting trees. Some villages in India, for example, had minimal casualties in the 2004 tsunami because they had planted trees along the coastline. Tsunami protection engineering should also foresee and prevent situations like one that happened at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant when the main power went down, backup generators failed and cooling water could not get to the nuclear fuel. The overheating that followed led to explosions, fires and dangerous release of radiation. Telly Savalas Telly Savalas (January 21, 1922 – January 22, 1994) was an American actor and singer. He is best known from playing the character Kojak in a television series and many television movies. He was born in Garden City, New York; his parents were Greek Americans. Career. Early in his career, he played different characters like the detective in "Cape Fear" (1962), with Gregory Peck and Robert Mitchum, and the role of Feto Gomez in "Birdman of Alcatraz" (1962), he would win the Academy Award as supporting actor. One of his best roles in his career was that of Pontius Pilate, in "The Greatest Story Ever Told" (1965). For his role, he shaved his head. Then co-star in war movies "Battle of the Bulge" (1965), "The Dirty Dozen" (1967), with Lee Marvin, Telly played the role of a religious fanatic convict, who is elected by Lee Marvin for a suicidal mission., and "Kelly's Heroes" (1970), with Clint Eastwood and directed by Brian G. Hutton. He was then personified as the villain Ernst Stavro Blofeld, in the James Bond saga, "On Her Majesty's Secret Service" (1969). In the 1970s Savalas worked in Europe with some success in movies as "Città violenta" (1970), with Charles Bronson, "A Town Called Bastard" (1971), with Jack Palance, La banda J.S.: Cronaca criminale del Far West (1972), "Horror Express" (1972) with Christopher Lee and Peter Cushing, "Senza ragione" (1973). and the movie by Mario Bava, "Lisa e il diavolo" (1974). In the late 70s and early 1980s, Savalas worked on movies including "Beyond the Poseidon Adventure" (1979), "Cannonball Run II" (1984). Television. In 1963 he was on an episode of The Twilight Zone. In 1973 CBS hired him to play the role of a Lieutenant, member of the police detective in New York, in production for CBS television: "The Marcus-Nelson Murders". Has a success out of the ordinary and the producers decided to turn it into a television series. Seven TV movies were made in the series Kojak: ' (1985), ' (1987), ' (1989), ' (1991), ' (1990), ' (1990) and "" (1990). He won an Emmy Award for Kojak. He also starred in TV movie productions Mongo's "Back in Town" (1972), "She Cried Murder" (1973), ' (1980), ' (1987), "" (1988), "The Hollywood Detective" (1989). Seth Rollins Colby Lopez (born May 28, 1986) is an American professional wrestler. He wrestles for the WWE currently on the Raw brand. He competes under the ring name Seth Rollins. On March 29, 2015, he won the WWE World Heavyweight Championship. Rollins is a former member of The Shield and while he was with them, he was a WWE Tag Team Champion with Roman Reigns. Before being called up to the main roster, Rollins wrestled for the WWE's developmental program "NXT" and was the first NXT Champion. Career. Rollins has also wrestled for Ring of Honor (ROH), where he is a former ROH World Champion and a former two-time ROH World Tag Team Champion with his Jimmy Jacobs. While on the independent circuit, he wrestled under the ring name Tyler Black. Aside from Ring of Honor, he has also competed in Scott County Wrestling, AAW: Professional Wrestling Redefined, Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South, the National Wrestling Alliance, Pro Wrestling Guerrilla, and Wrestling Society X. Black is also a three-time world champion—the MCPW World Heavyweight Championship once, the FIP World Heavyweight Championship once, and the ROH World Championship once. List of college athletic conferences In college athletics in the United States, schools typically join together in conferences for regular play. Junior colleges. Northwest Athletic Association of Community Colleges. Region members. Northern Region Southern Region Eastern Region Western Region Network topology Network topology is the layout of the connections (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer network. There are two main The names used - such as ring or star - are only rough descriptions. The computers on a home network can be arranged in a circle but it does not necessarily mean that it represents a ring network. Basic topology types. There are seven basic topologies: Which of these is chosen depends on what devices need to be connected, how reliable it has to be, and the cost associated with cabling. Physical topology. The shape of the cabling layout used to link devices is called the physical topology of the network. This refers to how the cables are laid out to connect many computers to one network. The physical topology you choose for your network depends on: Types of Physical topologies. The mapping of the nodes of the network and the physical connections between them – the layout of wiring, cables, the locations of nodes, and the interconnections between the nodes and the cabling or wiring system. Point-to-point. The simplest topology is a permanent link between two endpoints (the line in the illustration above). Switched point-to-point topologies are the basic model of conventional telephony. The value of a permanent point-to-point network is the value of guaranteed, or nearly so, communications between the two endpoints. The value of an on-demand point-to-point connection is proportional to the number of potential pairs of subscribers, and has been expressed as Metcalfe's Law. Mesh. In most practical networks that are based upon the partially connected mesh topology, all of the data that is transmitted between nodes in the network takes the shortest path between nodes. The network used a longer alternative path in the case of a failure or break in one of the links. This requires that the nodes of the network possess some type of logical 'routing' algorithm to determine the correct path to use at any particular time. Tree. Also known as a hierarchy network. The type of network topology in which a central 'root' node (the top level of the hierarchy) is connected to one or more other nodes that are one level lower in the hierarchy (i.e., the second level) with a point-to-point link between each of the second level nodes and the top level central 'root' node. Each of the second level nodes that are connected to the top level central 'root' node will also have one or more other nodes that are one level lower in the hierarchy (i.e., the third level) connected to it, also with a point-to-point link, the top level central 'root' node being the only node that has no other node above it in the hierarchy (The hierarchy of the tree is symmetrical.) Each node in the network having a specific fixed number, of nodes connected to it at the next lower level in the hierarchy, the number, being referred to as the 'branching factor' of the hierarchical tree. This tree has individual peripheral nodes. Logical topology. Logical topology describes the way in which a network transmits information from network/computer to another and not the way the network looks or how it is laid out. The logical layout also describes the different speeds of the cables being used from one network to another. The logical topology, in contrast to the "physical", is the signals act on the network media, or the way that the data passes through the network from one device to the next without regard to the physical interconnection of the devices. A network's logical topology is not necessarily the same as its physical topology. For example, twisted pair Ethernet is a logical bus topology in a physical star topology layout. While IBM's Token Ring is a logical ring topology, it is physically set up in a star topology. The logical classification of network topologies generally follows the same classifications as those in the physical classifications of network topologies but describes the path that the "data" takes between nodes being used as opposed to the actual "physical" connections between nodes. Notes: Daisy chains. Except for star-based networks, the easiest way to add more computers into a network is by daisy-chaining, or connecting each computer in series to the next. If a message is intended for a computer partway down the line, each system bounces it along in sequence until it reaches the destination. A daisy-chained network can take two basic forms: linear and ring. Centralization. The star topology reduces the probability of a network failure by connecting all of the peripheral nodes (computers, etc.) to a central node. When the physical star topology is applied to a logical bus network such as Ethernet, this central node (traditionally a hub) rebroadcasts all transmissions received from any peripheral node to all peripheral nodes on the network, sometimes including the originating node. All peripheral nodes may thus communicate with all others by transmitting to, and receiving from, the central node only. The failure of a transmission line linking any peripheral node to the central node will result in the isolation of that peripheral node from all others, but the remaining peripheral nodes will be unaffected. However, the disadvantage is that the failure of the central node will cause the failure of all of the peripheral nodes also, If the central node is "passive", the originating node must be able to tolerate the reception of an echo of its own transmission, delayed by the two-way round trip transmission time (i.e. to and from the central node) plus any delay generated in the central node. An "active" star network has an active central node that usually has the means to prevent echo-related problems. A tree topology (a.k.a. hierarchical topology) can be viewed as a collection of star networks arranged in a hierarchy. This tree has individual peripheral nodes (e.g. leaves) which are required to transmit to and receive from one other node only and are not required to act as repeaters or regenerators. Unlike the star network, the functionality of the central node may be distributed. As in the conventional star network, individual nodes may thus still be isolated from the network by a single-point failure of a transmission path to the node. If a link connecting a leaf fails, that leaf is isolated; if a connection to a non-leaf node fails, an entire section of the network becomes isolated from the rest. In order to alleviate the amount of network traffic that comes from broadcasting all signals to all nodes, more advanced central nodes were developed that are able to keep track of the identities of the nodes that are connected to the network. These network switches will "learn" the layout of the network by "listening" on each port during normal data transmission, examining the data packets and recording the address/identifier of each connected node and which port it's connected to in a lookup table held in memory. This lookup table then allows future transmissions to be forwarded to the intended destination only. Decentralization. In a mesh topology (i.e., a partially connected mesh topology), there are at least two nodes with two or more paths between them to provide redundant paths to be used in case the link providing one of the paths fails. This decentralization is often used to advantage to compensate for the single-point-failure disadvantage that is present when using a single device as a central node (e.g., in star and tree networks). A special kind of mesh, limiting the number of hops between two nodes, is a hypercube. The number of arbitrary forks in mesh networks makes them more difficult to design and implement, but their decentralized nature makes them very useful. This is similar in some ways to a grid network, where a linear or ring topology is used to connect systems in multiple directions. A multi-dimensional ring has a toroidal topology, for instance. A fully connected network, complete topology or full mesh topology is a network topology in which there is a direct link between all pairs of nodes. In a fully connected network with n nodes, there are n(n-1)/2 direct links. Networks designed with this topology are usually very expensive to set up, but provide a high degree of reliability due to the multiple paths for data that are provided by the large number of redundant links between nodes. This topology is mostly seen in military applications. However, it can also be seen in the file sharing protocol BitTorrent in which users connect to other users in the "swarm" by allowing each user sharing the file to connect to other users also involved. Often in actual usage of BitTorrent any given individual node is rarely connected to every single other node as in a true fully connected network but the protocol does allow for the possibility for any one node to connect to any other node when sharing files. Hybrids. Hybrid networks use a combination of any two or more topologies in such a way that the resulting network does not exhibit one of the standard topologies (e.g., bus, star, ring, etc.). For example, a tree network connected to a tree network is still a tree network, but two star networks connected together exhibit a hybrid network topology. A hybrid topology is always produced when two different basic network topologies are connected. Two common examples for Hybrid network are: "star ring network" and "star bus network" References. Tendaishe Sigauke, (2007: 46) Explaining networking terms Other websites. Tendaishe Sigauke, (2007: 46) Explaining networking terms Prostatitis Prostatitis is any form of inflammation of the prostate gland. Because women do not have a prostate gland, it is a condition only found in men, although women do have microscopic paraurethral Skene's glands connected to the distal third of the urethra in the prevaginal space that are homologous to the prostate, and may cause symptoms. A prostatitis diagnosis is assigned at 8% of all urologist and 1% of all primary care physician visits in the USA. Nomenclature. The term prostatitis refers in its strictest sense to histological (microscopic) inflammation of the tissue of the prostate gland, although historically the term has loosely been used as a rubric to describe a set of quite different conditions. To try to remedy this, the NIH devised a new classification system in 1999. Classification. According to the 1999 National Institute of Health (NIH) Classification, there are four categories of prostatitis: Category I: Acute prostatitis (bacterial). Signs and symptoms. Men with this disease often have chills, fever, pain in the lower back and genital area, urinary frequency and urgency often at night, burning or painful urination, body aches, and a demonstrable infection of the urinary tract, as evidenced by white blood cells and bacteria in the urine. There may be discharge from the penis. Diagnosis. Acute prostatitis is relatively easy to diagnose due to its symptoms that suggest infection. Common bacteria are "E. Coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Serratia," and "Staphylococcus aureus." This can be a medical emergency in some patients and hospitalization with intravenous antibiotics may be required. A full blood count reveals increased white blood cells. Sepsis from prostatitis is very rare, but may occur in immunocompromised patients; high fever and malaise generally prompt blood cultures, which are often positive in sepsis. Treatment. Antibiotics are the first line of treatment in acute prostatitis (Cat. I). Antibiotics usually resolve acute prostatitis infections in a very short period of time. Appropriate antibiotics should be used, based on the microbe causing the infection. Some antibiotics have very poor penetration of the prostatic capsule, others, such as Ciprofloxacin, Co-trimoxazole and tetracyclines penetrate well. Severely ill patients may need hospitalization, while nontoxic patients can be treated at home with bed rest, analgesics, stool softeners, and hydration. Prognosis. Full recovery without sequelae is usual. Category II: Chronic bacterial prostatitis. Signs and symptoms. Chronic bacterial prostatitis is a relatively rare condition (<5% of patients with prostate-related non-BPH LUTS) that usually presents with an intermittent UTI-type picture and that is defined as recurrent urinary tract infections in men originating from a chronic infection in the prostate. Dr. Weidner, Professor of Medicine, Department of Urology, University of Giessen, has stated: "In studies of 656 men, we seldom found chronic bacterial prostatitis. It is truly a rare disease. Most of those were E-coli." Symptoms may be completely absent until there is also bladder infection, and the most troublesome problem is usually recurrent cystitis. Diagnosis. In chronic bacterial prostatitis there are bacteria in the prostate but usually no symptoms. The prostate infection is diagnosed by culturing urine as well as prostate fluid (expressed prostatic secretions or EPS) which are obtained by the doctor doing a rectal exam and putting pressure on the prostate. If no fluid is recovered after this prostatic massage, a post massage urine should also contain any prostatic bacteria. Prostate specific antigen levels may be elevated, although there is no malignancy. Treatment. Treatment requires prolonged courses (4–8 weeks) of antibiotics that penetrate the prostate well (β-lactams and nitrofurantoin are ineffective). These include quinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin), sulfas (Bactrim, Septra) and macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin). Persistent infections may be helped in 80% of patients by the use of alpha blockers (tamsulosin (Flomax), alfuzosin), or long term low dose antibiotic therapy. Recurrent infections may be caused by inefficient urination (benign prostatic hypertrophy, neurogenic bladder), prostatic stones or a structural abnormality that acts as a reservoir for infection. The addition of prostate massage to courses of antibiotics was previously proposed as being beneficial. It is though not without some risk, and has not been shown in more recent trials to improve outcome compared to antibiotics alone. Prognosis. Over time, the relapse rate is high, exceeding 50%. Category III: CP/CPPS, pelvic myoneuropathy. Signs and symptoms. In chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) there is pelvic pain of unknown cause, lasting longer than 6 months, as the key symptom. Symptoms may wax and wane. Pain can range from mild discomfort to debilitating. Pain may radiate to back and rectum, making sitting difficult. Dysuria, arthralgia, myalgia, unexplained fatigue, abdominal pain, constant burning pain in the penis, and frequency may all be present. Frequent urination and increased urgency may suggest interstitial cystitis (inflammation centred in bladder rather than prostate). Ejaculation may be painful, as the prostate contracts during emission of semen, although nerve- and muscle-mediated post-ejaculatory pain is more common, and a classic sign of CP/CPPS. Some patients report low libido, sexual dysfunction and erectile difficulties. Pain after ejaculation is a very specific complaint that distinguishes CP/CPPS from men with BPH or normal men. Theories of Etiology. Theories behind the disease include autoimmunity, for which there is scant evidence, neurogenic inflammation and myofascial pain syndrome. In the latter two categories, dysregulation of the local nervous system due to past traumatic experiences or an anxious disposition and chronic albeit unconscious pelvic tensing lead to inflammation that is mediated by substances released by nerve cells (such as substance P). The prostate (and other areas of the genitourinary tract: bladder, urethra, testicles) can become inflamed by the action of the chronically activated pelvic nerves on the mast cells at the end of the nerve pathways. Similar stress-induced genitourinary inflammation has been shown experimentally in other mammals. Prostatitis researcher Dr Anthony Schaeffer commented in a 2003 editorial of The Journal of Urology that: "It is well recognized that even if pathogenic bacteria are present in the prostate, as in men with established chronic bacterial prostatitis, they do not cause chronic pelvic pain unless acute urinary tract infection develops. Taken together, these data suggest that bacteria do not have a significant role in the development of the chronic pelvic pain syndrome. The clinical observation that antimicrobial therapy reduces symptomatology in men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome is being tested in a double-blinded NIH controlled study. Since antimicrobials may have anti-inflammatory activity, it is possible that these drugs may benefit the patient by reducing inflammation rather than eradicating bacteria." A year after making that statement, Dr Schaeffer and his colleagues published studies showing that antibiotics are essentially useless for CP/CPPS. The bacterial infection theory that for so long had held sway in this field was again shown to be unimportant in another 2003 study from the University of Washington team led by Dr Lee and Professor Richard Berger. The study found that one third of both normal men and patients had equal counts of similar bacteria colonizing their prostates. Since the publication of these studies, the focus has shifted from infection to neuromuscular and psychological etiologies for chronic prostatitis (CP/CPPS). Diagnosis. There are no definitive diagnostic tests for CP/CPPS. This is a poorly understood disorder, even though it accounts for 90%-95% of prostatitis diagnoses. It is found in men of any age, with the peak onset in the early 30s. CP/CPPS may be inflammatory (category IIIa) or non-inflammatory (category IIIb). In the inflammatory form, urine, semen, and other fluids from the prostate contain pus cells (dead white blood cells or WBCs), whereas in the non-inflammatory form no pus cells are present. Recent studies have questioned the distinction between categories IIIa and IIIb, since both categories show evidence of inflammation if pus cells are ignored and other more subtle signs of inflammation, like cytokines, are measured. In 2006, Chinese researchers found that men with categories IIIa and IIIb both had significantly and similarly raised levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGFß1 and pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ in their expressed prostatic secretions when compared with controls; therefore measurement of these cytokines could be used to diagnose category III prostatitis. Normal men have slightly more bacteria in their semen than men with chronic prostatitis/pelvic myoneuropathy. The traditional Stamey 4-glass test is invalid for diagnosis of this disorder, and inflammation cannot be localized to any particular area of the lower GU tract. Men with CP/CPPS are more likely than the general population to suffer from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Prostate specific antigen levels may be elevated, although there is no malignancy. Experimental tests that could be useful in the future include tests to measure semen and prostate fluid cytokine levels. Various studies have shown increases in markers for inflammation such as elevated levels of cytokines, myeloperoxidase, and chemokines. Treatment. Physical and psychological therapy. For chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (Cat III), also known as pelvic myoneuropathy or CP/CPPS, which makes up the majority of men diagnosed with "prostatitis", a treatment called the Stanford Protocol, developed by Stanford University Professor of Urology Rodney Anderson and psychologist David Wise in 1996, has recently been published. This is a combination of medication (using tricyclic antidepressants and benzodiazepines), psychological therapy (paradoxical relaxation, an advancement and adaptation, specifically for pelvic pain, of a type of progressive relaxation technique developed by Edmund Jacobson during the early 20th century), and physical therapy (trigger point release therapy on pelvic floor and abdominal muscles, and also yoga-type exercises with the aim of relaxing pelvic floor and abdominal muscles). While these studies are encouraging, definitive proof of efficacy would require a randomized, sham controlled, blinded study, which is not as easy to do with physical therapy as with drug therapy. Cat. III prostatitis may have no initial trigger other than anxiety, often with an element of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder or other anxiety-spectrum problem. This is theorized to leave the pelvic area in a sensitized condition resulting in a loop of muscle tension and heightened neurological feedback (neural wind-up). Current protocols largely focus on stretches to release overtensed muscles in the pelvic or anal area (commonly referred to as trigger points), physical therapy to the area, and progressive relaxation therapy to reduce causative stress. Biofeedback physical therapy to relearn how to control pelvic floor muscles may be useful. Aerobic exercise can help those sufferers who are not also suffering from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) or whose symptoms are not exacerbated by exercise. Food allergies. Anecdotal evidence suggests that food allergies and intolerances may have a role in exacerbating CP/CPPS, perhaps through mast cell mediated mechanisms. Specifically patients with gluten intolerance or celiac disease report severe symptom flares after sustained gluten ingestion. Patients may therefore find an exclusion diet helpful in lessening symptoms by identifying problem foods. Studies are lacking in this area. Pharmacological treatment. There is a substantial list of medications used to treat this disorder. Alpha blockers (tamsulosin, alfuzosin) are moderately helpful for many men with CPPS; duration of therapy needs to be at least 3 months. Quercetin has shown effective in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in chronic prostatitis using 500 mg twice a day for 4 weeks. Subsequent studies showed that quercetin, a mast cell inhibitor, reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in the prostate. Pollen extract (Cernilton)] has also been shown effective in randomized placebo controlled trials. Commonly used therapies that have not been properly evaluated in clinical trials are dietary modification, gabapentin, and amitriptyline. Therapies shown to be "ineffective" by randomized placebo/sham controlled trials: levaquin (antibiotics), alpha blockers for 6 weeks or less, transurethral needle ablation of the prostate (TUNA). At least one study suggests that multi-modal therapy (aimed at different pathways such as inflammation and neuromuscular dysfunction simultaneously) is better long term than monotherapy. Prognosis. In recent years the prognosis for CP/CPPS has improved greatly with the advent of multimodal treatment, phytotherapy and protocols aimed at quieting the pelvic nerves through myofascial trigger point release and anxiety control. Category IV: Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis. Signs and symptoms. These patients have no history of genitourinary pain complaints, but leukocytosis or bacteria have been noted during evaluation for other conditions. Diagnosis. Diagnosis is through tests of semen, EPS or urine that reveal inflammation in the absence of symptoms. Treatment. No treatment required. It is standard practice for men with infertility and category IV prostatitis to be given a trial of antibiotics and/or anti-inflammatories however evidence for efficacy are weak. Since signs of asymptomatic prostatic inflammation may sometimes be associated with prostate cancer, this can be addressed by tests that assess the ratio of free-to-total PSA. The results of these tests were significantly different in prostate cancer and category IV prostatitis in one study. The Descent of Man The Descent of Man, and selection in relation to sex is a book by Charles Darwin, first published in 1871. It was Darwin's second great book on evolutionary theory, with the first being his 1859 work, "On the Origin of Species". Darwin had said almost nothing about human beings in the "Origin", except a single sentence: "Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history". In "The Descent of Man", Darwin applies evolutionary theory to human evolution, and also explains his theory of sexual selection. He thought the two topics were closely connected. In the nearly 12 years between the "Origin" and the "Descent of Man", several writers had written works on the subject. Noteworthy were: Both were published in 1863. Sexual selection. Sexual dimorphism. The starting point for sexual selection is the observation that males differ from females, not just in sexual apparatus, but in many other traits. This is true of many animals, and the question is why this happens. The answer given by Darwin, and followed by many other biologists, is that the selection on males is different from the selection on females. Sexual selection in Man. Sexual selection is the theory proposed by Charles Darwin that states that certain evolutionary traits can be explained by intraspecific competition (competition between members of the same species). Darwin defined sexual selection as the effects of the "struggle between the individuals of one sex, generally the males, for the possession of the other sex". Biologists today distinguish between "male to male combat" or "intrasexual selection" (it is usually males that fight each other), "mate choice" or "intersexual selection" (usually female choice of male mates) and sexual conflict. Secondary sex characteristics are features that distinguish the two sexes of a species, but are not directly part of the reproductive system. They are believed to be the product of sexual selection for traits which give an individual an advantage over its rivals in courtship and fighting. Traits selected by male combat are called "weapons"; and traits selected by mate choice are called "ornaments". Fearne Cotton Fearne Kimberley Cotton (born 3 September 1981) is an English television and radio presenter. She is known for presenting a number of popular TV programmes such as "Top of the Pops" and the "Red Nose Day" "telethon". Cotton joined BBC Radio 1 in September 2005. In 2007, she became the first regular female presenter of BBC Radio 1's "Chart Show". She now presents BBC Radio 1's weekday mid-morning programme. In 2008 Cotton moved to the United States to present "The Guinness Book of Records - Live". In 2015, Cotton returned to children’s television by voicing a Voice Trumpet in the 2015 reboot of Teletubbies. Minecraft Minecraft is a sandbox video game originally made by Markus "Notch" Persson. It was run by a company called Mojang Studios before being sold to Microsoft in 2014 for 2.5 billion American dollars. It is the best-selling video game of all time, and over 238 million copies of the game have been sold. In Minecraft, players explore a free walkable world filled with various 3D items. Many of these items are cubes, called "blocks". These include basic terrain and resources such as dirt, stone, wood, and sand. There are also items the player can use, such as crafting tables, furnaces, blast furnaces, looms, stonecutters and other interactable blocks. Players can use these to make new items such as tools and armor, as well as different kinds of blocks. Players can then build structures using these blocks, such as buildings, statues, pixel art, and more. Minecraft has a large community. It has a lot of user-generated content like mods, servers, skins, texture packs, and custom maps, which add new gameplay mechanics and game modes to the base game. Minecraft has three versions: Java, Bedrock, and Education Edition. Java is the original version of Minecraft, but Bedrock is now more used due to it being multi-platform. Bedrock Edition and Education Edition are written in C++ and Java Edition is written in Java. History. "Minecraft" was originally created as an experiment to test random generation for caves. "Minecraft" was inspired by "Infiniminer", a game created by Zachary Barth. The first version of Minecraft was released for PC players on May 17, 2009 and it was called Cave Game. After going through alpha and beta versions, the full version was released on November 18, 2011. A version for Android was released on October 7, 2011, and an iOS version was released on November 17, 2011. At first, "Minecraft" was created only by Markus Persson. Other people started to work on it when Persson started an independent video game company called Mojang Specifications. The company was later renamed simply to Mojang. Later in 2011, a version named was released for iOS and Android devices. This version was later renamed "Bedrock Edition". In 2012, Persson gave Jens "Jeb" Bergensten the job of being the main developer of "Minecraft". Minecraft has also released on many video game consoles. On May 9, 2012, "Minecraft" came out on the Xbox 360 as a download through the Xbox Live Arcade. It was available for 1600 Microsoft Points ($19.99). In 2013, "Minecraft" came out as a disc for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. On December 10, 2013, a Windows Phone version was released. Versions for the Xbox One and PlayStation 4 were released in September 2014. A version for the PlayStation Vita was released on October 14, 2014. The Wii U edition was released on December 17, 2015. In 2017, versions for the Nintendo Switch and the New Nintendo 3DS were released. The Xbox One, PlayStation 4, and Nintendo Switch versions were later all combined into Bedrock Edition. Gameplay. At the start of the game, players are put in a random location in the game world. They can begin breaking blocks to collect resources, such as wood and dirt, which can be used later in the game. Players can use resources to make new tools, such as pickaxes, which let the player gather stone in the caves that they find. Different resources require different tools to collect them. For example, diamonds can only be collected with an iron pickaxe, or one of a better quality. The game world is mostly infinite. As players explore it, the game makes new sections of the world using procedural generation. The game generates different kinds of terrain in biomes. Different biomes have different blocks in them. For example, a taiga biome will have lots of spruce trees and snow, whereas a plains biome will have lots of grass. The player can also find different structures in the world, like mountains and villages. The game has non-player characters called "mobs" (short for mobile entity). There are many mobs in Minecraft. Some are real-life animals, like cows, pigs, and sheep. Some are based on monsters, such as zombies or skeletons. There are also some which do not exist in the real world in any way, and are unique to Minecraft, such as Creepers, zombie Piglins, and Endermen. Each mob has different things it can do. For example, players can kill cows to get leather, which can make items, and beef, which can be cooked to make food. The Creeper, a hostile mob (meaning it tries to attack the player), will move close to the player and then explode, which usually causes so much damage that will kill the player. From it's name it slowly approaches you and explodes giving you instant death if it gets too close. Minecraft has very few goals. Players can choose how they want to play. They can choose to fight bosses, such as the Wither and the Ender Dragon, or choose to explore the world and build. If the player defeats the Ender Dragon, they can see the credits of the game. Minecraft also has lots of Achievements called "advancements". These can range from simple things like sleeping in a bed for the first time, to complex things like discovering every biome in the game. Both boss fights and advancements are optional. In addition to the default dimension the player starts in (called the "Overworld"), there are also two other dimensions in Minecraft - the Nether and the End. Both of these can be accessed with special portals. The player can make Nether portals using obsidian and flint and steel, but End portals have to be found in strongholds. While it is not necessary to go to these dimensions, they have lots of different items and enemies which can not be found in the Overworld. The Ender Dragon can only be fought in the End. After that, the player has a choice of going back to the overworld or to go to the end islands to find an end city and get an Elytra. Game modes. Survival mode. In survival mode, players can gather resources found in the world to make lots of different items. Some of the items players can make include new blocks, tools, and armor. For example, players can turn wood into planks at the start of the game, which lets them make lots of things, like crafting tables and tools. Players can also place down these planks to build things, like houses. Players have a health bar and a hunger bar in this mode. The health bar is shown as 10 hearts and the hunger bar is shown as 10 steaks. Each heart and steak is worth two health points and two hunger points, respectively. The health bar depletes when players get attacked by monsters, lose all of their air underwater, walk into lava or cacti, fall from a high place, fall into the void, or if their hunger bar is depleted completely. Players can heal by staying still, drinking healing potions, and/or if they have a full hunger bar. Players will lose hunger by walking, sprinting and jumping too much. If they are low on hunger, they will not be able to sprint. They can fill their hunger bar by eating food. During the night, monsters come out to fight the player, but players can build a house to protect themselves from these monsters. If a player sleeps in a bed, they can skip the night, and go directly to the next day. However, they are unable to sleep if there are monsters near the bed. Players can only carry a certain number of items at any time, by holding them in their inventory. If the player dies, they drop their items, unless they have turned on Keep Inventory. Players can get their items back if they can find them before they disappear. They can then respawn, which sends them back to their spawn point, or the place they started the game at. Players can change their spawn point using items like beds. For example, a player can put a bed in their house to respawn there, and in the Nether players can use a unique block called a respawn anchor to respawn there. Players can play Survival Mode in four levels of difficulty: Peaceful, Easy, Normal and Hard. As the difficulty increases, the more damage monsters deal. In addition, certain mobs will gain certain abilities at higher difficulty levels. When a player creates a new world, the difficulty is set to normal by default. On peaceful difficulty, no monsters spawn, and the only way players can die is by deaths that aren't from mobs, such as falling from a high place, being in fire or lava, drowning, suffocating inside a block, or falling into the void. Hardcore mode. Hardcore mode is like survival mode, but the game is set to the hardest difficulty, which cannot be changed. The player also cannot enable cheats when they create the world and can only do so if they use the "Open to LAN" option in the game menu while they are playing. If a player dies in hardcore mode, they can not respawn, and can only play the world in Spectator Mode. If cheats are enabled, it is possible for the player to play in survival mode again by using commands to change the game mode. This game mode is only available in Java Edition. Players can also play a special version of hardcore mode known as Ultra Hardcore Mode, which is basically the same as hardcore mode except players do not naturally regenerate health. This mode can be accessed by creating a world in Hardcore mode, enabling cheats using the "Open to LAN" option in the game menu, and using commands to turn off natural health regeneration. The only way the player can regenerate health in this game mode is by using potions, golden apples, suspicious stews, and beacons. Creative mode. In creative mode, players have infinite items. This is so they can build whatever they want, instead of having to look for resources. They cannot die and do not have a health bar or hunger bar. However, you can kill a person in creative mode (if you have cheats on) with the /kill command in the Java edition of Minecraft. Players in creative mode can also die if they manage to fall into the void. Players can also optionally fly to reach places they normally couldn't. Spectator mode. In spectator mode, players become a "spectator". Spectators can look at the world, but not interact with it, meaning they can't place blocks or use items. They are invisible to other players. Spectators can fly around the world freely, or they can look at it from the perspective of other players and mobs, meaning they can see what the player or mob sees, as if they were looking through their eyes. This game mode is only available in Java Edition and the Bedrock Developer Edition. Adventure mode. Adventure mode is designed for community maps. The player can not place or break blocks or do anything by default. "Education Edition". Education Edition is a version of the game mostly used for schools. Some features of this mode are in Bedrock Edition. Multiplayer. Players can play on the same Minecraft world together by using the multiplayer mode. They can connect to an online server by typing in the server's address (usually an IP address), or by making a game on the local area network (LAN). If the player makes a LAN game, only players on the same network can play. Much like the rest of Minecraft, players can choose what they want to do. For example, they can choose to fight each other, or work together and survive. All game modes can be played in multiplayer. "Minecraft Realms". "Minecraft Realms" is a special version of the original multiplayer. Realms are multiplayer servers hosted by Mojang. Players can rent them for a small fee. In "Minecraft Realms", there are several "mini-games", which are maps/games created by popular "Minecraft" users. Reception. Minecraft received very positive reviews. Jaz McDougall of "PC Gamer" said that Minecraft is "intuitively interesting and contagiously fun, with an unparalleled scope for creativity and memorable experiences". "IGN" called the blocky graphics "instantly memorable". Community. "Minecraft" has a very large community, with many fan forums and multiplayer servers such as Hypixel. The "Minecraft" community is also one of the largest on YouTube. Many people upload various types of Minecraft content to YouTube, such as parody songs, animations, gameplay, and more. Content made by other players can also be uploaded to platforms such as Forge. Updates. Minecraft has had many new updates since it first released. These updates are usually announced before they are released. They add lots of new features into the game, such as new blocks, mobs, and items. Mojang releases smaller development versions called "snapshots" which players can choose to play on Minecraft Launcher. These snapshots have a few new features in them, and are released as the developers are working on the new version. This is so players can try out new features before the full version is released. Marylebone station Marylebone station, also known as London Marylebone, is a central London railway terminus and London Underground station. It is halfway between the mainline stations at Euston and Paddington, being about 1 mile (1.6 km) from each. It was opened on 15 March 1899 by the Great Central Railway. Lucy Pinder Lucy Katherine Pinder (born 20 December 1983) is an English glamour model. She is from Winchester, Hampshire. From 2 January 2009, Pinder appeared in the sixth series of "Celebrity Big Brother" UK. She revealed that she is "a bit of a Tory bird" and that 'thick' people irritate her. She was the first housemate to be voted out, on 9 January (Day 8) with 57% of the public vote. Pinder declared her wish to leave the Big Brother house after being driven to distraction by the incessant rapping of another housemate. Keeley Hazell Keeley Rebecca M. Hazell (born 18 September 1986) is a British former Page 3 Girl and glamour model. She was born in Lewisham and grew up in Grove Park. She went to Ravensbourne School in Bromley. Her mother, Amber, is a dinner lady and her father, Roy, is a window fitter; they separated when she was thirteen. Sexual conflict Sexual conflict is a term in evolutionary biology. It occurs in a species when what benefits the females is different from what benefits the males. The word 'benefit' here means 'what benefits the reproduction of the female's (or male's) genes. It is expressed as a "difference in biological fitness". The conflict can lead to an evolutionary arms race between males and females. It has primarily been studied in animals, though it can in principle apply to any sexually reproducing organism, such as plants and fungi. Fundamental difference of interest. In sexual reproduction there is, from the point of view of evolution, a fundamental difference of interest between males and females. This difference of interest plays out differently in different species. Their interest is to mate with a large number of completely faithful females, thus spreading their genes widely in the population. Their interest is to mate with a large number of fit males, thus producing a large number of fit and varied offspring. Examples. Some regard sexual conflict as a subset of sexual selection (which was traditionally regarded as mutualistic), while others suggest it is a separate evolutionary phenomenon. Ali Mohsen Al-Ahmar Ali Mohsen Al-Ahmar is the general of the Yemeni army and Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh's half brother. He helped recruit Islamist radicals to fight in Afghanistan during the Soviet-Afghan War. On March 21, 2011, Al-Ahmar defected and joined the anti-government Yemeni protesters, along with other top Yemeni army commanders. Milan Dudić Milan Dudić (born November, 1st 1979 in Kraljevo, former Yugoslavia, now Serbia) is a football player from Serbia. He is now playing for SK Sturm Graz as defender in the Austrian t-mobile Liga, the highest division in Austrian football. He started playing football with amateur teams and began 1998 with FK Cukaricki as professional player. In 2002, he began playing with Red Star Belgrade. He won the Serbian championship two times with the club (2004, 2006) and the cup also (2004, 2006). In 2006, he played with the national team of Serbia and Montenegro at the FIFA World Cup in Germany. All together he played 13 matches for the national team. In 2006, he signed with F.C. Red Bull Salzburg. With Red Bull Salzburg he won the Austrian Championship three times. In 2011, his contract faded and he went to SK Sturm Graz. Other websites. Milan Dudic (Fangemeinschaft FC Red Bull Salzburg) Chelonia Chelonia is a name for the whole order of turtles, and for a particular turtles: Brett DiBiase Brett DiBiase (born March 16, 1988) is an American professional wrestler. He currently has a contract with World Wrestling Entertainment. He wrestles in their farm team in Florida Championship Wrestling, where he gains experience before going national. He was a FCW Florida Tag Team Championship. Personal life. DiBiase's stepgrandfather Michael DiBiase, his grandmother Helen Hild, and his father Ted DiBiase were professional wrestlers. His older half brother Mike DiBiase II and his older brother Ted DiBiase, Jr. are also professional wrestlers. On March 27, 2010, DiBiase and his brother Ted Jr. induct their father into the WWE Hall of Fame. On June 9, 2009, DiBiase married his high school sweetheart Leah Nicole May. Passover Passover () is a religious holiday or festival noted by ceremonies each year, mostly by Jewish people. They celebrate it to remember when God used Moses to free the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, as told in the book of Exodus in the Bible. God told Moses to set aside this special week originally called "the feast of unleavened bread". During this time, the people eat special foods, do special rituals and sing songs. Passover is around the time of Easter (March/April) each year. The Last Supper was probably a Passover Seder. Second Passover. The "Second Passover" (Pesach Sheni) on the 14th of Iyar in the Hebrew Calendar is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as a make-up day for people who were unable to offer the Passover sacrifice at the appropriate time. Carbon fixation Carbon fixation is how gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into a solid compound. It occurs in autotrophs during the Calvin cycle and in some heterotrophs. 2 Pallas 2 Pallas (symbol: ) is the second asteroid discovered in the solar system. It was discovered by Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers on March 28, 1802. 2 Pallas is named after Pallas Athena, an alternate name for the goddess Athena. 2 Pallas has a mass estimated to be 7% of the total mass of the asteroid belt. The asteroid is the third largest asteroid in terms of mass and the second largest in terms of diameter. Paul Michael Glaser Paul Michael Glaser (born March 25, 1943) is an American actor and director. Career. He began his career in the TV series "Love Is a Many Splendored Thing" (1967). In 1972 he had a role in the film starring Goldie Hawn, "Butterflies Are Free" (1972), and in the TV movies "Aces Up" (1974), with Raul Julia, and "Trapped Beneath the Sea" (1974), with Lee J. Cobb. In 1976 he played Harry Houdini in the TV movie: "The Great Houdini". Followed starred in the movies "Phobia" (1980), as Dr. Peter Ross, "Wait Till Your Mother Gets Home!" TV (1983), and "Attack on Fear" TV (1984), he plays the role of a journalist who reports cases of corruption in a small town. Glaser had a great director career as a film and television. He directed Arnold Schwarzenegger in "The Running Man" (1987). He also directed episodes of the series: "Starsky and Hutch", "Miami Vice", "Otherworld", "The Agency", "Mister Sterling", "Robbery Homicide Division", "Judging Amy", "Third Watch", and many more. Starsky and Hutch. His best known role was that of Det. Dave Starsky in American TV series "Starsky and Hutch". The series is about two friends police, Dave Starsky and Ken Hutchinson; David Soul, to solve all kinds of cases. The series ran between 1975 and 1979. And they filmed 82 episodes. Glaser and Soul have a small role in the movie Starsky & Hutch (2004). He was a guest star on the TV series: "Cannon" (1972), "The Streets of San Francisco" (1972), "The Waltons" (1973), "Kojak" (1974), "The Closer" (2008), "Criminal Minds" (2008), "Numb3rs" (2008), and "The Mentalist" (2009). S&M (song) "S&M" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It is about BDSM. It is the third single off her studio album "Loud" (2010). Another version of the song featuring pop singer Britney Spears was released after Rihanna instructed fans to vote for an artist to be featured on the remix of the song. It has charted successfully in twelve countries. It hit number one in the United States, Canada, and Australia, while reaching the top three in the United Kingdom. "S&M" was the 12th-best performing song of 2011 in the U.S. and UK and the 20th-best performing in Canada. The genre of this song is Eurodance. Music video. The music video was directed by Melanie Matsoukas, who has worked with other artists like Beyoncé. The video was banned from YouTube because it was sexually explicit. However, it is available for users who are signed into their accounts and over the age of 18. Coffee & TV "Coffee & TV" is a song by the British rock band Blur. The song was released on the 1999 album "13". "Coffee & TV" reached number 11 on the UK Singles Chart and number 26 on the Irish Singles Chart. Vernon, British Columbia Vernon is a Canadian city in British Columbia, Canada. Vernon is in the south-central region of British Columbia and is the largest city in the North Okanagan region. It is named after Forbes George Vernon, a former member of government in British Columbia. Including the areas around it, Vernon has a population of 58,584 as of the Canada 2011 Census. A person who lives in Vernon is called a "Vernonite". Vernon was named one of the top six most desirable communities to retire to in North America by Consumer Reports in 2005. Vernon has a BCHL (British Columbia Hockey League) ice hockey team called the Vernon Vipers. History. The site of the city was discovered by the Okanagan First Nations people, who named the community Nintle Moos Chin, which means "jumping over place where the creek narrows". This name refers to a section of the Swan Lake that passes through Downtown Vernon, the community's central business district. The Okanagan people settled around the city's two lakes, Okanagan Lake and Swan Lake, eating seasonal foods. Later, the land was renamed Priest's Valley because of the priests living in the valley around 1859. A town was created in 1885 and was named Vernon in 1887 in honour of Forbes George Vernon, a settler who became part of the British Columbian government. Vernon started to develop in 1863, when gold was found in the surrounding lands. Centreville, the community's original business district, was formed in 1885. Vernon became an economic hub in the Okanagan because of its many cattle ranches and fruit orchard areas that attracted British families. Vernon's growth quickened in 1891 after the Canadian Pacific Railway was opened in the Okanagan and Shuswap regions of British Columbia. Shortly after, the river boat "S.S. Aberdeen" was launched in 1893 to connect Vernon to other parts of the Okanagan. Fruit trees first grew in Vernon by the early 1890s, while water supplies were supplied to the community by canals by 1906. In 1908, the Okanagan Mounted Rifles military program was created, bringing a number of people to the area during World War I and World War II for lessons. Vernon was incorporated as a city on December 30, 1892, with a city hall built in 1903 that included a fire hall and a public reading space. The following year, it was declared the largest municipality in the Okanagan and the first to contain a bank and telephone. Salmon Arm Salmon Arm is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Salmon Arm is found in the Shuswap Country of the Southern Interior. The population of Salmon Arm was 17,464 in 2011. The mayor of Salmon Arm is Nancy Cooper. Salmon Arm has an ice hockey team in the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL) called the Salmon Arm Silverbacks. Castlegar, British Columbia Castlegar is a Canadian city in British Columbia, Canada. Castlegar is in the West Kootenay region in British Columbia. There were 7,259 people in Castlegar at the 2006 consensus. Castlegar is the second largest place in the West Kootenay region. Albin Planinc Albin Planinc or Albin Planinec (18 April 1944 – 20 December 2008) was a chess Grandmaster from Slovenia. He won the Slovenian Chess Championship in 1968 and 1971. Planinc enjoyed playing old, rarely used openings, and had an tactical style of play that led to some brilliant wins, but also some bad losses. His playing career ended by age 35 because he struggled with a mental illness, but he went on to become a trainer. Robert Vaughn Robert Vaughn (November 22, 1932 – November 11, 2016) was an American actor. Career. Without being listed in the credits, Robert Vaughn appeared in "The Ten Commandments" (1956). This was his first job in movies. Two years later he starred in the science fiction movie "Teenage Cave Man". In 1959, he was nominated for an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and Laurel Awards for "best supporting actor" for his role in "The Young Philadelphians" (1959), with Paul Newman. His second major role was in the movie directed by John Sturges, "The Magnificent Seven" (1960). The movie also starred Yul Brynner and Steve McQueen. Vaughn played an expert gunman. He was one of the 7 Magnificent that helped the peasants. In 1967, he starred in action movie "The Venetian Affair", directed by Jerry Thorpe. A year later, he had a role in "Bullitt" (1968), with Steve McQueen. For this work Robert Vaughn was nominated for a BAFTA Award, for "Best Supporting Actor". In 1969 he starred with George Segal, in the war movie "The Bridge at Remagen" (1969). Then in 1970, has the role of Servilius Casca in "Julius Caesar", with Charlton Heston. In Irwin Allen Production's, "The Towering Inferno" (1974), Vaughn played Senator Parker. He was one of the people who are trapped in the tower. His other movie credits include "Starship Invasions" (1977), with Christopher Lee and directed by Ed Hunt, "Brass Target" (1978), "Virus" (1980) and "The Delta Force" (1986), with Chuck Norris. He also worked on "Superman III" (1983) as Ross Webster. "The Man from U.N.C.L.E.". Robert Vaughn is widely known for playing the role of agent Napoleon Solo in NBC TV series "The Man from U.N.C.L.E.", with David McCallum. He played Napoleon Solo for 104 episodes of the series between 1964 and 1968 Success was so great that there were several movies. These included "To Trap a Spy" (1964), "The Spy with My Face" (1965), "One Spy Too Many" (1966), "One of Our Spies is Missing" (1966), "The Spy in the Green Hat" (1966), "The Karate Killers" (1967), "The Helicopter Spies" (1968), "How to Steal the World" (1968). In 1983 Vaughn and McCallum were reunited for the TV movie "The Return of the Man from U.N.C.L.E.: The Fifteen Years Later Affair". In 1965 and 1966 Robert Vaughn was nominated twice for the Golden Globe Award as "Best TV Star - Male" for "The Man from U.N.C.L.E." Television. In 1963 he starred in her first television series "The Lieutenant", as Captain Ray Rambridge. In 1970s worked in the TV mini-series "Captains and the Kings" (1976), "Washington: Behind Closed Doors" (1977), and "Centennial" (1978-1979). Robert Vaughn also worked for the British television. He starred in series "The Protectors" (1972-1974). Vaughn played the role of Harry Rule for 52 episodes of the series. In 1986, he was hired to play the role of General Hunt Stockwell, in "The A-Team", with George Peppard. He also worked in the television western "The Magnificent Seven" (1998) as Judge Oren Travis. Vaughn has been guest star on many TV series. These include "Frontier" (1956), "Gunsmoke" (1956 - 1957), "The Rifleman" (1958), "Law of the Plainsman" (1959), "Thriller" (1961), "Police Woman" (1975-1976), "Columbo" (1976), "Hawaii 5-0" (1979), "The Love Boat" (1981), "Stingray" (1986), "Hunter" (1989), "Murder, She Wrote" (1985-1992), "Kung Fu: The Legend Continues" (1993), "Walker, Texas Ranger" (1996), "" (2006) and "Little Britain USA". He received an Emmy Award as supporting actor, for TV movie "Washington: Behind Closed Doors". Between 2004 and 2011, Vaughn starred in the series "Hustle". Mike Shaw Mike Shaw (May 9, 1957 – September 11, 2010) was an American professional wrestler who was best known for wrestling with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and World Wrestling Federation (WWF) under the ring names, Norman The Lunatic and Bastion Booger. He was married to his wife and they had two children. He died on September 11, 2010 due to a heart attack. Championships. Shaw held many championships during his professional wrestling career: Robert W. Holley Robert William Holley (January 28, 1922; Urbana, Illinois – February 11, 1993) was an American biochemist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, which he won for describing the structures for alanine transfer RNA, linking DNA and protein synthesis. Buff Bagwell Marcus Alexander Bagwell (born January 10, 1970 in Marietta, Georgia) is an American professional wrestler who is best known for wrestling with World Championship Wrestling (WCW), World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the ring names, Buff Bagwell. Championships. Bagwell held many championships during his professional wrestling career: Jay Lethal Jamar Shipman (born April 21, 1985 in Elizabeth, New Jersey) is an American professional wrestler who currently wrestles for Ring of Honor (ROH) under the ring name, Jay Lethal. He is probably best known for wrestling for TNA Wrestling from 2005 to 2011. Championships. Lethal has held many championships during his professional wrestling career: Lamborghini Miura The Lamborghini Miura is a sports car that was built by Lamborghini from 1966 to 1972. The Miura is named after the fighting bull. It was designed by Marcello Gandini. 764 were automobiles produced. Chase Field Chase Field is the home baseball park of the Arizona Diamondbacks. It is in downtown Phoenix, Arizona. The Diamondbacks moved into Chase Field in 1998 when the team was established. At that time the stadium was called Bank One Ballpark, or "The BOB". It was renamed Chase Field after the merger of Bank One with Chase. Chase Field also hosted the NCAA Insight Bowl from 2000 to 2005. M&T Bank Stadium M&T Bank Stadium is the home football stadium of the Baltimore Ravens. It is in downtown Baltimore, Maryland. The Ravens moved into M&T Bank Stadium in 1998 after spending a two years in Memorial Stadium. M&T Bank Stadium has also hosted the NCAA Lacrosse Final Four in 2003, 2004 and 2007. Lorne Greene Lorne Greene (February 12, 1915 – September 11, 1987), was a Canadian actor and singer. Career. Greene was born on February 12, 1915 in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. His first movie was "Churchill's Island" (1941), as narrator. He was in films such as "The Silver Chalice" (1954), "Autumn Leaves" (1956), with Joan Crawford, "Peyton Place" (1957), with Lana Turner, "The Buccaneer" (1958), with Yul Brynner, and "Earthquake" (1974), with Charlton Heston. Greene also had roles in some low-budget westerns, including "The Last of the Fast Guns" (1958), "The Hangman" (1959), He also worked on the Japanese film "Nippon chinbotsu" (1974). Bonanza. Greene gained fame in 1959 starring in the NBC western "Bonanza". He played role of Ben Cartwright, the owner of the Ponderosa Ranch in Virginia City. Also in the series were Pernell Roberts as Adam Cartwright, Michael Landon as Joseph 'Little Joe' Cartwright, and Dan Blocker as Eric 'Hoss' Cartwright. The series was a success and lasted for 14 seasons between 1959 and 1973. Television. In the early years of Greene's career, he made guest appearances on television shows including "Ford Television Theatre" (1953), "Producers' Showcase" (1955), "General Motors Presents" (1955), "The United States Steel Hour" (1956), "Kraft Television Theatre" (1957), "Shirley Temple's Storybook" (1958). In 1955, he starred in his first series "Sailor of Fortune", as Capt. Mitchell. The series was co-produced by Canada and Britain television, and lasted one season. He was also a detective in "Griff" (1973-1974) created by Larry Cohen. Greene played Wade Griffin, a police officer with many years of service who leaves the force to become a private investigator Another of his memorable roles was that of John Reynolds in the TV mini-series "Roots" (1977). Greene continued to have success on television as the star of the science fiction series "Battlestar Galactica" (1978-1979), and "Galactica" (1980) where he played the role of Commander Adama. The series featured special effects never before seen on American television. David McCallum David Keith McCallum (born September 19, 1933) is a Scottish actor. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland. McCallum is best known for playing Illya Kuryakin in "The Man from U.N.C.L.E." and Dr Donald "Ducky" Mallard on "NCIS". Career. McCallum's first movie work was in "Ill Met by Moonlight" (1957), followed "The Secret Place" (1957). Later, he worked in "The Long and the Short and the Tall" (1961), "Billy Budd" (1962), and "Freud" (1962). McCallum played a role in the movie "The Great Escape" (1962), with Steve McQueen and directed by John Sturges. In 1965, he worked in the in biblical movie "The Greatest Story Ever Told" (1965). In this movie he played Judas. In 1966, he co-starred in "Around the World Under the Sea" (1966), with Lloyd Bridges. He had a strong performance in first lead role in a movie in "Mosquito Squadron" (1969), directed by Boris Sagal. In 1970s, McCallum acted in movies as "Dogs" (1976), "The Kingfisher Caper" (1976), Television. Most of his career has been in television. He has worked for over fifty years in television both in the United States and the United Kingdom. His first appearances were in British television in "Our Mutual Friend" (1958), "The Eustace Diamonds" (1959), "BBC Sunday-Night Theatre" (1959) and "BBC Sunday-Night Play" (1960). In 1964, he played the role of Illya Kuryakin in the American TV series "The Man from U.N.C.L.E.". McCallum played the character for 114 episodes. For this series McCallum was nominated for two Emmy Awards and two Golden Globes. David McCallum also had success in British series "Colditz" (1972-1974), and "Sapphire & Steel" (1979-1982). He also played role the invisible man in NBC TV series, "The Invisible Man". In the 1990s, he was in the sci-fi series VR.5 as Doctor Joseph Bloom. He worked on the American series "The Replacements" (2006-2009) and CBS TV series "" (2003-2011), as Dr. Donald Mallard. Memorial Stadium (Baltimore) Memorial Stadium was a stadium in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The stadium was home to the National Football League (NFL) team, the Baltimore Ravens from 1996 to 1997 and was also home to the Baltimore Orioles of Major League Baseball from 1954 to 1991, as well as the Baltimore Colts from 1954 to 1983, and the Baltimore Stallions from 1986 to 1987. The stadium was demolished in 2001. In 2010 a new baseball field was built on the same site of the Memorial stadium and Cal Ripken was at the ribbon-cutting. It was nicknamed "The Old Grey Lady of 33rd Street" and "The World's Largest Outdoor Insane Asylum", for the infamous fan noise. The stadium eventually lost teams because it could not compete with other newer stadiums. There was a plack on the stadium honoring allied soldiers in World War II. A replica now sits outside Oriole Park at Camden Yards, the new home of the Orioles. The Ravens now play in M&T Bank Stadium. Sumac Sumac, also spelled sumach, is a flowering plant. Sumacs are small trees. The leaves are arranged like spirals. The flowers are in spikes. Each flower is very small, greenish, creamy white or red, with five petals. The fruits form clusters of reddish drupes called "sumac bobs". Cubeb Cubeb ("Piper cubeba"), also known as tailed pepper or Java pepper, is a plant in genus "Piper" is used for its fruit and essential oil. It is usually found in Java, and so it is sometimes called Java pepper. The fruits are gathered before they are ripe, and dried carefully. The seed of the plant is white and hard oily. Cooking. In Europe, cubeb was one of the valuable spices during the Middle Ages. It was used in sauces. An old recipe includes cubeb in making "sauce sarcenes", which consists of almond milk and a few spices. As a good-smelling snack, cubeb was often candied and eaten. Electronic commerce Electronic commerce more well known as e-commerce consists of the buying or selling of products via electronic means such as the internet or other electronic services. This type of trade has been growing rapidly because of the expansion of the Internet. The need for electronic commerce emerged from the need to use computers more efficiently in banks and corporations. With the increasing competition, there was a need amongst organizations to increase customer satisfaction and information exchange. Electronic commerce started with the introduction of electronic funds transfer (EFT) by banks. Over time many variants of EFTs within banks were introduced like debit cards, credit cards, and direct deposits. John Stewart Bell John Stewart Bell (28 June 1928 – 1 October 1990) was a Northern Irish physicist who made great contributions to quantum physics, and especially to the question of what Heisenberg's uncertainty principle really tells us about the world. http://www.ffn.ub.es/luisnavarro/nuevo_maletin/Bell%20(1964)_Bell%27s%20theorem.pdf Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (German: "Luise Auguste Wilhelmine Amalie Herzogin zu Mecklenburg"; 10 March 1776 – 19 July 1810) was Queen consort of Prussia as the wife of King Frederick William III. After her husband's ascension, Louise developed many ties to senior ministers and became a powerful figure within the government as she began to command universal respect and affection. The queen always tried to stay informed of political developments at court, and from the very beginning of his reign the new king consulted Louise on matters of state. Though Prussia had not fought in a war since 1795, its military leaders were confident that they could win against Napoleon's troops. After a small incident concerning an anti-French pamphlet occurred, King Frederick William was finally pressured by his wife and family to break off his uneasy peace and enter the war against the French emperor. Prussian troops began mobilizing, culminating in the October 1806 Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, which was a disaster for Prussia, as the ability of its armed forces to continue the war were effectively wiped out. The king and queen had accompanied their troops into battle at Jena (with Louise apparently dressed "like an Amazon"), but had to flee from French troops. Napoleon himself occupied Berlin, and the king, queen and the rest of the royal family had to flee, despite Louise's illness, in the dead of winter to Königsberg in the easternmost part of the kingdom. On the journey there, there was no food or clean water, and the king and queen were forced to share the same sleeping arrangements in "one of the wretched barns they call houses", according to one witness traveling with them. Napoleon demanded, from a highly superior position, peace terms in what was to be called the Peace of Tilsit (1807). In the midst of these negotiations, the emperor agreed to keep half of Prussia intact. Louise reluctantly agreed to meet the emperor at Tilsit, but only to save "her Prussia." She tried to use her beauty and charm to flatter him into more favorable terms. Before she had called him "the Monster", but now she made a request for a private interview with the emperor. She threw herself at his feet; Napoleon was impressed by her grace and determination, but he refused to make any concessions. Queen Louise's efforts to protect her adopted country from French aggression became well admired by future generations. On 19 July 1810, the Queen died in her husband's arms from an unidentified illness. The queen's subjects attributed the French occupation as the cause of her early death. Louise's death left her husband alone during a period of great difficulty, as the Napoleonic Wars and need for reform continued. Napoleon remarked the king "has lost his best minister." De revolutionibus orbium coelestium De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ("On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres") is great work of the Renaissance astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543). The book, first printed in 1543 in Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, offered proof that the Earth went round the Sun, and not vice versa, as had been thought. This was an alternative model of the universe to Ptolemy's Earth-centered system, which had been accepted since ancient times. Copernicus had worked his ideas out many years before, however he did not publish until right before his death because he himself did not truly believe it and only proposed the idea as a philosophy experiment. Contents. In its standard English edition, the book contains 330 folio pages, 100 pages of tables, and over 20,000 tabulated numbers. The book is dedicated to Pope Paul III in a preface that argues that mathematics, not physics, should be the basis for understanding and accepting his new theory. "De revolutionibus" is divided into six "books" (sections or parts): This book is often referred to as the start of modern science. 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake was an earthquake that took place in the San Francisco Bay Area. It happened on October 17, 1989, at 5:04 p.m. local time. The earthquake caused over 67 deaths. It caused billions of dollars worth of property damage. The earthquake happened during one of the games of the 1989 World Series. Because of that, it is sometimes called the "World Series Quake". International Energy Agency The International Energy Agency (IEA; ) is an autonomous intergovernmental organization created in 1974 after the 1973 oil crisis. It is based in Paris. On 1 September 2015, Fatih Birol succeeded the 2011 Executive Director of the IEA, Maria van der Hoeven. Lee Majors Lee Majors (born April 23, 1939) is an American actor. Career. Majors began his career in small roles for movie and television. One role was in "Strait-Jacket" (1964), with Joan Crawford. In 1965, he got the role of Heath Barkley on the ABC series "The Big Valley", with Barbara Stanwyck as the owner of the ranch, and mother of three of the Barkleys. Majors played the character for 112 episodes between 1965 and 1969. It was the first hit of his career. After the success of "Big Valley". Major starred in the TV movie "The Ballad of Andy Crocker" (1969). He played a man who, after returning from Vietnam, loses the most precious things in his life. In 1970, he was invited to join the cast of "The Virginian", starring James Drury. In "The Virginian", the role played by Roy Tate, during the 1970-1971 season of the series. In 1971, he played Jess Brandon, assistant attorney, in "Owen Marshall: Counselor at Law". In 1978, starred in the movie about Vikings "The Norseman". Then came "Killer Fish" (1979) and "Agency" (1980) with Robert Mitchum. In 1980, he starred in the television remake of "High Noon". In "High Noon, Part II: The Return of Will Kane" (1980), Majors played Will Kane. In this movie were two big western stars David Carradine and Pernell Roberts. In 1981, he returned to television. He was successful in a number of television series. In "The Fall Guy", he played Colt Seavers, a stunt double who worked to solve criminal cases. The series was one of the biggest hits of Majors and remained in the air between 1981 and 1986. In the 1990s, he co-starred in the series "Tour of Duty" and "Raven". He was a guest star on the series "Daytona Beach" (1996) and "Walker, Texas Ranger" (1998). In recent years he was a guest star on "Will & Grace" (2005), "Cold Case" (2007), "According to Jim" (2008), and "Human Target" (2010). In 2011, the movie version of "The Big Valley" started being made. Majors plays Tom Barkley. "The Six Million Dollar Man". One of Majors' most famous roles is that of Col. Steve Austin in the ABC series "The Six Million Dollar Man" (1974-1977). In that series, he played an astronaut whose body was rebuilt with bionic parts after a plane crash. His co-star was the actor Richard Anderson. There were three movies pilots: "The Six Million Dollar Man" (1973), "The Six Million Dollar Man: Wine, Women and War" (1973) and "The Six Million Dollar Man: Solid Gold Kidnapping" (1973). Majors was in a reunion movie, "The Return of the Six-Million-Dollar Man and the Bionic Woman" (1987), "Bionic Showdown: The Six Million Dollar Man and The Bionic Woman" (1989), and "Bionic Ever After?" (1994). In 1977, Majors was nominated for a Golden Globe Award as best actor for "The Six Million Dollar Man". Machel Montano Machel Montano (born 24 November 1974) is a artist from Trinidad and Tobago. He is the lead of the soca band Xtatik. He had his first hit as a youth with "Too Young To Soca". He then won the 1987 Caribbean Song Festival. Biography. Montano was born in Curepe (Northwestern Trinidad), and his family moved to Siparia, (Southwestern Trinidad), when he was very young.[6] He attended Siparia Boys' R.C., then Presentation College, a prestigious secondary school in San Fernando, where he was in the choir led by Mrs Cynthia Lee-Mac.[6] Machel first shot to fame as a nine-year-old boy with the song "Too Young To Soca" while he was still in primary school. In 1984, along with his older brother Marcus and neighbours, the group Pranasonic Express was started and, in 1989, the band became Xtatik. In April, 1986, at the age of 11, Montano appeared on the mainstream television show, Star Search.[7] In 1987, he took part in the Trinidad and Tobago National Song Writers Festival, and placed second with his song "Dream Girl". He also won the Caribbean Song Festival in Barbados. Such a win made Machel the first Trinidadian and youngest contestant to win this competition. Soca. He is the front-man of the soca band The HD Family, and is noted for his high energy, fast-paced, and often unpredictable on-stage performances. In 1987 he was the youngest finalist to ever win the Caribbean Song Festival. His career spans more than 30 years.[2] He now stands as one of the most well-known soca acts in the world, using his leverage as an artist able to sell out shows.[3] Recently he has moved to the Los Angeles area[4] and furthered his pursuit, saying: "I may not be the one to bring it forth, but in the meantime, I have a lot of work to do in order for something to happen." He is very well known in New York City, where he has had sold out concerts in Madison Square Garden many times over. ASAP ASAP is an acronym that means "As soon as possible". This means that something should be done as fast as it is able to be done. ASAP may also mean: Viscera (wrestler) Nelson Frazier, Jr. (February 14, 1971 – February 18, 2014) was an American professional wrestler. He is best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Entertainment under the ring names, Mabel, Viscera, Big Daddy V, and King V. He wrestles for All Japan Pro Wrestling under the ring name, Big Daddy V and Big Daddy Voodoo. He was forced to retire from WWE for good as WWE did not want to be responsible for his health problems. Frazier was in the 2009 movie "The Legend of Awesomest Maximus" co-starring Will Sasso and Rip Torn. He also was in the movie "Wrong Side of Town" with fellow wrestlers Dave Batista and Rob Van Dam. On the night of February 18, 2014, it was reported that Frazier had died following a heart attack, four days after turning 43. Championships. Frazier has held many championships during his professional wrestling career: Sylvain Grenier Sylvain Grenier (born March 26, 1977 in Varennes, Québec) is a Canadian professional wrestler. He is best known for his time working with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). He is known for wrestling for the tag team, La Résistance along with Rob Conway and René Duprée. Championships. Grenier held many championships during his professional wrestling career: William Mueller William Theodore Mueller (born September 10, 1980 in Coffeyville, Kansas) is an American professional wrestler who is best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the ring name, Trevor Murdoch. Championships. Mueller has held many championships during his professional wrestling career: Lovage Lovage ("Levisticum officinale") is a tall perennial plant. Uses. Lovage leaves can be used in salads or to make soup, and the roots can be eaten as vegetable or grated for use in salads. Lovage seeds can be used as a spice. In the UK, lovage cordial was traditionally mixed with brandy as a winter drink. White mustard White mustard is an annual plant. Uses. Cooking. The yellow flowers of the plant make seed pods, with each pod having a half dozen seeds. These seeds are harvested just before the pods become ripe. White mustard seeds are hard and round, usually around 1 to 1.5 millimetres, with a color forming from beige or yellow to light brown. In Greece, the plant's leaves can be eaten during the winter, before it blooms. Greeks call it "vrouves" or "lapsana". The blooming season of this plant (February–March) is celebrated in the Mustard Festival. Tiffany Thornton Tiffany Dawn Thornton (born February 14, 1986 in College Station, Texas, U.S.) is an American actress, comedian and singer, best known for her co-starring role as Tawni Hart on the Disney Channel Original Series, "Sonny with a Chance." Career. Thornton made her television acting debut on the pilot episode of the Fox sitcom, "Quintuplets". She then went on to guest star on "8 Simple Rules", "American Dreams", "The O.C.", "Desperate Housewives", "That's So Raven", "Jericho", "Wizards of Waverly Place" and "Hannah Montana". In 2009, she began her role as Tawni Hart on the Disney Channel Original Series, "Sonny with a Chance" and then went on to play a part in the Disney Channel Original Movie, "Hatching Pete". Personal life. Thornton became engaged to her boyfriend of one year, Christopher Carney, a court officer, in December 2009. She has openly stated, "I am a Christian. I would have nothing without my faith." Lee Van Cleef Lee Van Cleef (January 9, 1925 – December 16, 1989) was an American actor. Career. Born in Somerville, New Jersey, U.S.. His first roles were the villain Jack Colby in the western classic "High Noon" (1952) with Gary Cooper, and the sci fi movie "The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms" (1953) as Corp. Stone. Other classic western movies, he played a minor role in "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral" (1957), as Ed Bailey, and "The Tin Star" (1957), as Ed McGaffey. Lee Van Cleef jumped to fame in the spaghetti westerns, directed by Sergio Leone, "Per qualche dollaro in più" ("For a Few Dollars More") (1965) and "Il buono, il brutto, il cattivo" ("The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly") (1966), with Clint Eastwood in the title role. He had great success in European cinema in Italy is the protagonist of Spaghetti Westerns: "The Big Gundown" (1966) - "Da uomo a uomo" (1966) - "I giorni dell'ira" (1967) - "Al di là della legge" (1968) - "Sabata" (1969) - "È tornato Sabata... hai chiuso un'altra volta" (1971) - "Bad Man's River" (1971) - "Il grande duello" (1972) - "Dio, sei proprio un padreterno!" (1973) - "The Stranger and the Gunfighter" (1974) - "Take a Hard Ride" (1975) - "Diamante Lobo" (1976). In the United States, Van Cleef also starred in some western movies such as "Barquero" (1970), by Gordon Douglas, and "The Magnificent Seven Ride!" (1972) by George McCowan In the early 1980s he worked in the film "The Octagon" (1980), with Chuck Norris, "Escape from New York" (1981), directed by John Carpenter, and "Armed Response" (1986), with David Carradine. Television. In 1984, Van Cleef was the main protagonist of the NBC television series "The Master", created by Michael Sloan, Lee plays an ex-military master martial arts expert ninja. Although it only lasted 13 episodes in the series keeps hundreds of thousands of fans around the world He also guest starred in the TV series "The Range Rider" - "The Adventures of Champion" - "The Gene Autry Show" - "The Lone Ranger" - "Brave Eagle" - "Trackdown" - "Wagon Train" - "Laramie" - "Rawhide" - "Branded" - "Laredo" - "Gunsmoke", always playing villain roles Loud (album) Loud is the fifth studio album by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It was released November 12, 2010. This record produced several hit songs, including number one hits "Only Girl (In the World)", "What's My Name?" and "S&M". The album received mostly positive reviews from the music critics. The album has sold over 3 milion copies and was fifth on the "Billboard" 200. The album was more upbeat and happy compared to 2009's "Rated R" and features a more dance-pop and R&B sound. Several rap artists made an appearance on the album including Eminem, Drake and Nicki Minaj. Personnel. Credits for "Loud" adapted from Allmusic. David Soul David Soul (born August 28, 1943) in Chicago, Illinois, U.S., is an American actor, director, and singer. Career. His career began with small roles in television series such as "Flipper" (1967), "I Dream of Jeannie" (1967), and "Star Trek" (1967) as Makora. In 1968 he played the role of Joshua Bolt on the television comedy "Here Come the Brides". In the early '70s he continued to work as a guest actor in shows and series for television such as "The Young Rebels" (1970), "Dan August" (1971), "Ironside" (1971), "All in the Family" (1972), "The Streets of San Francisco" (1972), "The F.B.I." (1972), "Ghost Story" (1973), "Cannon" (1973). He also got two small roles in the films "Johnny Got His Gun" (1971), and "Magnum Force" (1974, with Clint Eastwood), Soul plays of role Officer John Davis one of the members of the death squad. In 1974 he co-starred with Glenn Ford in the television film "The Disappearance of Flight 412" directed by Jud Taylor. In 1979, Soul starred in "Salem's Lot", a horror movie about vampires The decade of the 1980s brought a lot of work television to Soul. He got starring roles in "Swan Song" (1980), "Rage!" (1980), "Homeward Bound" (1981), "World War III" (1982), and "Through Naked Eyes" (1983). One of his best films was "In the Line of Duty: The F.B.I. Murders" (1988), directed by Dick Lowry. He plays a criminal who, with an accomplice, committed a long string of crimes in the state of Florida. they meet in a bloody shootout with FBI members. In the 1990s Soul worked on the big screen with Dolph Lundgren in "Pentathlon" (1994), directed by Bruce Malmuth. Some years ago Soul worked on British television, has participated in such films as "The Dark Lantern" (2004), "Jerry Springer: The Opera" (2005). Hutch. Soul shot to stardom in 1975 as star of the detective series "Starsky and Hutch". He played Detective Sergeant Ken Hutchinson who, along with Dave Starsky Paul Michael Glaser, had to stop all kinds of criminals. The stories deal with simple cases of theft to serial killings. Soul played the character of Ken Hutchinson in 82 episodes between 1975 and 1979. Singer. Soul also had a successful career as a singer. He had hits like "Don't Give Up On Us" and "Silver Lady", which peaked at number one on the charts in Britain in 1977. Soul recorded five albums: "David Soul" (1976), "Playing To An Audience Of One" (1977), "Band Of Friends" (1979), The "Best Days Of My Life" (1982), and "Leave A Light On" (1997). List of science books The List of science books is mainly got from: Morning glory Morning glory is a family of common flowering plants known as Convolvulaceae which includes bindweed. Habit. Most morning glory flowers curl up and close during the warm parts of the day, and are wide open in the morning, like their name. On a cloudy day, the flower may last until night. The flowers usually start to fade a few hours before the petals start curling. They prefer full sun throughout the day. Some morning glories, such as "Ipomoea muricata", are night blooming flowers. Cooking uses. "Ipomoea aquatica", known as "water spinach", "water morning-glory", "water convolvulus", "Ong-Choy", "Kang-kung", or "swamp cabbage", is used as a green vegetable. Edelweiss Edelweiss is a well-known Europe mountain flower. Description. Leaves and flowers are covered with white hairs and look woolly. Each Edelweiss bloom has five to six small yellow flower heads surrounded by leaflets in a star shape. The flowers are in bloom between July and September. Range. The Edelweiss prefers rocky limestone places. It has been used traditionally in folk medicine. The hair on the flower protect the Edelweiss from cold. Borage Borage, also known as starflower, is an annual herb. The flowers are perfect with five narrow, triangular-pointed petals. Flowers are most often blue in color, although pink flowers are sometimes examined. White flowered types are also grown. Cooking. As a fresh vegetable, borage, with a cucumber like taste, is often used in salads or as a garnish. The flower, which has the non-toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid thesinine, has a sweet honey-like taste and as one of the few truly blue-colored eatable things, is often used to decorate dessert. Garden cress Garden cress ("Lepidium sativum") is a fast-growing eatable herb that is related to watercress and mustard, sharing their peppery taste and aroma. Garden cress is usually grown in England, France, the Netherlands and Scandinavia. Cookery. Garden Cress is added to soups, sandwiches and salads for its tangy taste. It is also eaten as sprouts, and the fresh or dried seed pods can be used as a peppery seasoning. In England, cut cress shoots are used in sandwiches with boiled eggs, mayonnaise and salt. Tonka bean The tonka bean is the seed of "Dipteryx odorata", a species of flowering tree in the pea family Fabaceae. They are black and wrinkled and have a smooth brown center. Uses. Tonka Beans had been used as a vanilla substitute, as a perfume, and in tobacco before being banned in some countries. They are used in some French cuisine (particularly, in desserts and stews) and in perfumes. Today, main producers of the seeds are Venezuela and Nigeria. The beans were also spelled as "Tonquin" and "Tonkin", although it has no link with Tonkin, now part of Vietnam. Herculaneum Herculaneum was an ancient Roman town. It was completely destroyed when the volcano Mount Vesuvius erupted on 24 August, 79 AD. Herculaneum was covered by volcanic mud during the eruption, which quickly hardened to a semi-rock material. Herculaneum is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Unlike Pompeii, the deep pyroclastic material which covered it preserved most objects in its path. Archaeologists have recovered wooden and other objects such as rooves, beds, doors, and food. Some 300 skeletons were discovered along the sea shore. It was thought until then that the town had been evacuated by its inhabitants. Herculaneum was a wealthier town than Pompeii, however it was not as famous after the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. It had many fine houses with a lavish use of coloured marble cladding, mosaics and wall paintings. Martin Hinteregger Martin Hinteregger ( born September 7 th, 1992 in Feldkirchen, Carinthia) is an Austrian footballplayer and plays for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Football Bundesliga as defender. Club career. He started playing in the local soccer club SGA Sirnitz and played in different youth teams. 2006 he came to Red Bull Salzburg. His first match in professional football was on April, 23rd 2006 in the second squad of Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Football First League, which is the second highest league in Austria. Due to the injury of Andreas Ulmer he was transferred to the first squad. His first match in the Bundesliga was versus SV Kapfenberg on October 16, 2010. Five days later he debuted in an international match versus Juventus Turin. In the season 2010/11 he plaed 17 times for the first squad of FC Salzburg. This was honoured through the title "Rookie of the Year 2010" in the Leonidas-election where the best athlets in Salzburg are elected. In the 2013/14 season he became a regular member of the starting team. International career. Martin Hinteregger played in different Austrian youth teams so U17 (two times), U18 and U19(4 times). U stands for "under". On November 19th, 2013 he played his first match in the national team against the USA. Family. His grandfather was in the first team of the new founded SGA Sirnitz and his sister is playing in the womansquad of the club. Stratigraphy Stratigraphy is a branch of geology which studies rock formations called strata (layers). It is important in the study of sedimentary and layered vocanic rocks. Historical development. The subject was established by Nicolaus Steno whose book "De solido" contained these principles: William Smith first used stratigraphy for a practical purpose in the 1790s and early 19th century. Smith, nicknamed "Strata Smith", made the first geological map of England. He understood that fossils could be used identify the same strata in different places. He took samples and mapped the positions of the strata, noted the vertical extent of the strata, and drew cross-sections and tables of what he saw. Smith amassed a huge collection of fossils in strata he had examined. His most significant finding was: There are many consequences of this idea. For geologists it means that when they find identical fossils in strata in different parts of the world, those strata were laid down at the same time. Also (this is a later realisation) the ecological conditions in which they were laid down would have been similar or identical in the different places. Lithostratigraphy. Lithostratigraphy deals with the physical rock type and how it changes from place to place. Changes in the rock (facies change) reflect changing environments of deposition. One of stratigraphy's basic concepts is codified in the "law of superposition", which simply states that, in an undeformed stratigraphic sequence, the oldest strata occur at the base of the sequence. Biostratigraphy. Biostratigraphy is based on fossil evidence in the rock layers. If strata from different places have the same fossil fauna and flora, they were laid down at the same time. Biostratigraphy was based on William Smith's "principle of faunal succession", which was one of the first and most powerful lines of evidence for evolution. It gives evidence of the formation (speciation) and extinction of species. The geological timescale was developed during the 19th century based on the evidence of biostratigraphy and faunal succession. This timescale remained a relative scale until the development of radiometric dating, which gave it an absolute time framework. Insulin pump Insulin pumps are medical devices used to administering insulin for treatment of diabetes mellitus. These devices are an alternative to constant and daily injections of insulin via syringe or pen. An insulin pump allows intensive insulin therapy when used along with carb counting and blood glucose monitors. Robert Wagner Robert John Wagner, Jr. (born February 10, 1930 in Detroit, Michigan, U.S.), is an American actor. His paternal grandparents were from Germany. Early career. His career began in 1950 as an extra in the movie "The Happy Years". Then he got a role in the war films "Halls of Montezuma" (1951), and "The Frogmen" (1951), with Richard Widmark, "What Price Glory?" (1952) with James Cagney and directed by John Ford. In 1953 he was nominated for a Golden Globe for "Stars and Stripes Forever" (1952). Then would have outstanding performances in movies as Prince Valiant (1954) directed by Henry Hathaway and the Western, "Broken Lance" (1954) with Spencer Tracy and directed by Edward Dmytryk. In 1955 he obtained his first starred in the Western "White Feather" (1955), followed by Film-Noir A Kiss Before Dying (1956) and war film Between Heaven and Hell (1956) directed by Richard Fleischer. Wagner played the legendary gunslinger Jesse James in the movie The True Story of Jesse James (1957) directed by Nicholas Ray His works in the 1960's include The Longest Day (1962), The War Lover (1962) with Steve McQueen, The Pink Panther (1963) with Peter Sellers, and "Banning" (1967) 1970s - 1980s. In 1974 Wagner, plays of role of Bigelow, one of the people trapped in burning building in "The Towering Inferno", with Steve McQueen and Paul Newman and directed by John Guillermin. Another of his works in the 70s was in the war movie directed by Jack Smight, Midway (1976) as Lieutenant Commander Ernest L. Blake He also co-starred in "The Concorde... Airport '79" (1979) with Alain Delon. In the 1980 he gets a few roles in movies like "Curse of the Pink Panther" (1983) directed by Blake Edwards, and I Am the Cheese (1983). 1990s. The 1990s were very good for him getting the role of Number Two in Austin Powers (1997) with Mike Myers. Wagner returned to play the characters in Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (1999), and Austin Powers in Goldmember (2002). In the last decade, Wagner has worked in movies El padrino (2004), Hoot (2006), Man in the Chair (2007) with Christopher Plummer, The Wild Stallion (2009). Television. Robert Wagner starred in three successful series for American television. One of them was "It Takes a Thief", Alexander Mundy a spy performing dangerous missions for the government of the United States. I also work in the series Fred Astaire as Alistair Mundy. Wagner starred in the series for 66 episodes between 1968 and 1970. and was nominated for an Emmy and Golden Globe Awards in 1970 In 1975 Wagner stars with Eddie Albert, the series of detectives created by Glen A. Larson, Switch (1975 - 1978). he plays detective Pete T. Ryan. His television series "Hart to Hart" (1979-1984), was most successful of all, Wagner is Jonathan Hart who with his wife Jennifer Hart, Stefanie Powers, two detectives who solved the most difficult criminal cases in high society. The series created by Sidney Sheldon, was an immediate success. Made several television movies including Hart to Hart, Hart to Hart Returns (1993), Hart to Hart: Home Is Where the Hart Is (1994), Hart to Hart: Crimes of the Hart (1994), Hart to Hart: Old Friends Never Die (1994), Hart to Hart: Two Harts in 3/4 Time (1995), Hart to Hart: Harts in High Season (1996) and Hart to Hart: Till Death Do Us Hart (1996). Waves at shallow water Waves at shallow water develop when the ocean surface waves travel into the coastal area where the wavelength is much larger than the water depth. The normal circular motion of the water particles there is disrupted by the ocean bottom. As the water becomes shallower, the swell on the water surface becomes higher and steeper. After the wave breaks, the water flows violently, turbulently. This is where erosion of the ocean bottom and shore line intensifies dramatically. The most devastating effect may happen in the case of tsunami. Pernell Roberts Pernell Roberts (May 18, 1928 - January 24, 2010) was an American actor. Career. Early in his career, Roberts got a small role in the film "Desire Under the Elms" (1958) with Sophia Loren and Anthony Perkins. He worked in the western film starring Glenn Ford, "The Sheepman" (1958). In 1959, Roberts got a co-star role in the western film "Ride Lonesome", with Randolph Scott. In 1959, he contracted with Lorne Greene, Michael Landon and Dan Blocker to star in the NBC television series "Bonanza". Roberts played Adam Cartwright, the eldest son of Ben Cartwright (Lorne Greene). Roberts left the show after starring in 202 episodes between 1959 and 1965 In the 1970s he starred in westerns such as "Four Rode Out" (1970) and TV Western "The Bravos" (1972) with George Peppard. He also starred in the television western "High Noon, Part II: The Return of Will Kane" (1980) with Lee Majors. His other success in television was in the series "Trapper John, M.D." (1979-1986). He played the doctor John McIntyre. For this series, Pernell Roberts was nominated for an Emmy in 1981. Roberts was a special guest star in many TV shows like "Tombstone Territory" (1958), "Zane Grey Theater" (1958), "The Detectives" starring Robert Taylor (1960), Jim West, "Gunsmoke" (1967), "Mission Impossible" (1967-1973), "Banacek" (1972), "Mannix" (1973), "Police Story" (1974-1975), "The Six Million Dollar Man" (1976), "Baretta" (1977), "Vega$" (1980) and "Diagnosis Murder" (1994-1997). Westerbork concentration camp Westerbork was a concentration camp in Drenthe in the Netherlands. It was used by the Nazis in World War II. Sievert The Sievert, abbreviated "Sv" is the SI unit to measure the equivalent dose of ionizing radiation. It looks at how an organism reacts to a given dose. This is different from measuring the total absorbed dose, which is done in gray. It is named after Rolf Sievert, a Swedish physicist and doctor, who did research on how radiation affects organisms. List of Nazi concentration camps This article lists some of concentration camps set up by the Third Reich, and includes camps such as Dachau which was set up at first to help the Nazis keep power and control political opponents, and other camps such as Auschwitz which was set up to help fulfil the Final Solution. The German Ministry of Justice, in 1967, named about 1200 camps and subcamps in countries occupied by Nazi Germany, while the Jewish Virtual Library writes "It is estimated that the Nazis established 15,000 camps in the occupied countries." Most of these camps were destroyed. Table of selected Nazi concentration camps. According to the table below, an estimated 7,991,460 people lost their lives in the camps. The Event The Event was an American television show on NBC. It is in the genre of science fiction. It is about a group of aliens who come to Earth. 97 of these aliens are being held by the United States government. They were held held for 66 years until they escaped. The show will have 22 episodes for the first season. On May 13, 2011, NBC announced that the show will end after one season due to declining ratings. However the producers said that Netflix or Syfy may pick it up. Plot. At the end of World War II the aliens crash into Alaska. Some of them are taken by the United States. Others get away. They stay hidden taking normal jobs. Some of them are helping the aliens get back home. President Elias Martinez decides to release the aliens. However as he is holding a press conference the an airplane attempts to kill him. It does not work because the Aliens transport the plane to a desert in Arizona. The aliens that were being held told him that they were the only ones. However that was not true. Soon they escape the prison and attempt to kill the president. They have the Vice-President help with this. They save him. Ratings. "The Event" reached 10,800,000 people watching it for the first episode. However after that the ratings went down slowly to 4,000,000 for episode 14. Reception. Before the show premiered, it was a mixture of "24", "Lost" and "The 4400". However many viewers found this show confusing and hard to follow. This was because of constant flashbacks and time jumps. The show soon went on a hiatus and came back with no more flashbacks. Dan Blocker Dan Blocker (December 10, 1928 – May 13, 1972) was an American actor. Career. Born in De Kalb, Bowie County, Texas. He began his career as an actor in short films such as "Hook a Crook" (1955) with Joe Besser, and "Outer Space Jitters" (1957), starring The Three Stooges. Blocker also starred in several roles in the series "The Restless Gun" (1957), with John Payne. Then play a regular role in "Cimarron City" 1958-1959, as Tiny Carl Budinger. He was also a guest-star on the TV western "Sheriff of Cochise", "Zane Grey Theater", "Have Gun - Will Travel", "Cheyenne", "Gunsmoke", "Maverick", "The Rebel", "Colt 45", "Wagon Train", "Jefferson Drum". He worked on such films as "Gunsight Ridge" (1957), with Joel McCrea, "Come Blow Your Horn" (1963), and "Lady in Cement" (1968) featuring Frank Sinatra., and participation in the TV movie with John Wayne, "Swing Out, Sweet Land" (1970) he plays a funny Indian. In 1970 Dan Blocker starred in "Western Cockeyed Cowboys of Calico County", accompanied by genre figures Noah Beery Jr., Jack Elam, and special star Mickey Rooney. Bonanza. Dan Blocker is known for playing the role of Eric 'Hoss' Cartwright, in "Bonanza", with Lorne Greene, Michael Landon and Pernell Roberts. The American series was made by NBC (1959-1973). Hoss formed a great duo with 'Little Joe', Michael Landon recording very comic and serious scenes, also in alternating chapters of Bonanza, gunmen stories of drama and comedy. Dan Blocker's "Hoss" character was personified in 415 chapters from 1959 to 1972. List of subcamps of Sachsenhausen The list of subcamps of Sachsenhausen shows forced labour facilities of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. List of subcamps of Ravensbrück List of subcamps of Ravensbrück complex of Nazi concentration camps. Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp List of subcamps of the Kraków-Płaszów complex of Nazi concentration camps near Kraków, General Government, in occupied Poland between 1942–1944. What's My Name? "What's My Name?" is a 2010 song from Barbadian singer Rihanna and Canadian rapper Drake. This song was released in October 2010 and was praised by the music critics. It was a commercial success, topping the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and becoming her third number-one song during 2010. The song was Rihanna's seventh number-one hit in the US and Drake's first. It also reached number one on the UK Singles Chart and the top five in Canada, Ireland, and New Zealand. Music video. In the video for the song, Rihanna and Drake are seen walking in a city until they meet in a grocery store. Rihanna dances throughout the video, with the two becoming romantic with one another. List of subcamps of Stutthof The following is a list of subcamps of Stutthof complex of Nazi concentration camps. Long pepper Long pepper ("Piper longum"), also known as the Indonesian long pepper, is a flowering vine in the family "Piperaceae", known for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice. Uses. Today, long pepper is a very rare ingredient in European cuisines, but it can still be found in Pakistani vegetable pickles, some North African spice mixtures, and in Indonesian and Malaysian cooking. Zedoary Zedoary is a perennial herb. This plant is native to India and Indonesia. Uses. Food. The eatable root of zedoary has a white core and an aroma like the mango; however, its taste is more similar to ginger, except with a very bitter aftertaste. In Indonesia, it is ground to a powder and added to curry pastes, whereas in India, it tends to be used fresh or in pickling. Medicinal uses. Zedoary is also used in some traditional eastern medicines. Zedoary has been used to treat coronary heart disease, liver cancer, anemia, chronic pelvic inflammation and helps prevent leukopenia due to cancer therapies. Hoja santa Hoja santa ("Piper auritum") is a herb with a heart-shaped velvety leaf. The name "hoja santa" means "sacred leaf" in Spanish language. It is also known as yerba santa, hierba santa, Mexican pepperleaf, root beer plant, and sacred pepper. Description. The difficult taste of Hoja santa is not easy to describe. It has been compared to eucalyptus, licorice, sassafras, anise, nutmeg, mint, tarragon, and black pepper. The flavor is stronger in the young stems and veins. Brandon McKinney Brandon McKinney (born August 24, 1983 in Dayton, Ohio) is an American football nose tackle for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). McKinney didn't get drafted but played college football at Michigan State University. McKinney started his NFL career with the San Diego Chargers in 2006 and played 3 seasons with them before signing a contract with the Baltimore Ravens on October 8, 2008. He played four seasons with the Ravens before signing with the Indianapolis Colts on April 4, 2012. Kelly Gregg Kelly Michael Gregg (born November 1, 1976 in Wichita, Kansas) is an American football nose tackle for the Baltimore Ravens. Gregg was drafted out of the University of Oklahoma by the Cincinnati Bengals with the 173rd overall pick in the sixth round of the 1999 NFL Draft. Gregg won Super Bowl XXXV while he was part of the Baltimore Ravens practice squad. Anquan Boldin Anquan Kenmile Boldin (born October 3, 1980 in Pahokee, Florida, USA) is an American football wide receiver for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). Boldin was drafted out of Florida State University by the Arizona Cardinals with the 54th overall pick in the second round of the 2003 NFL Draft. Boldin has been selected for 3 Pro Bowls in 2003, 2006 and 2009. He has been known for his physical play. He won Super Bowl XLVII with the Ravens when they defeated the San Francisco 49ers 34-31. In 2017, Boldin and Malcolm Jenkins founded the Players Coalition to help NFL players work for racial justice. Part of the Coalition is a charity and part is a political action group. By January 2020, the Coalition had given more than US$25 million to charities. During the 2020 George Floyd protests, Boldin appeared on "The Daily Show" to talk about police racism and how athletes and the NFL could help society. He said why he founded the Players Coalition: "For me it was really important. Unfortunately, I lost my cousin at the hands of law enforcement. He was a drummer in a band. One night after ashow he had just played with his band, he ended up breaking down by the side of the road. Long story short, a law enforcement officer killed him while he was on the phone with roadside assistance. For me, seeing the pain my family went through, seeing how long the process was before we felt like justice was served, I didn't want any other family to have to deal with that." "I can tell you that, even after having money, I found myself in those situations where I'm pulled over just because of the car that I'm driving or the color of my skin. Having money doesn't exempt you from being black in America." He said he was glad that sporting events had been canceled because of COVID-19: "The one thing I'm happy that is not happening right now is that sports isn't being played." He then named many tournaments and other events that had been cancelled. "...and everybody "could" be distracted by those things that are going on, but because you don't have sports, everybody's attention is focused on this one thing. And I think, for us, this is the opportunity to really create change. It's an opportunity for us to really strategize and have a game plan going forward. So I'm actually happy that there are no sports because there's nothing to distract people from the real issue that needs to be talked about." Red Bank, Tennessee Red Bank is a city in Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States. The population of Red Bank was 12,418 in 2000. The city of Red Bank is an enclave. Cranbrook, British Columbia Cranbrook is a Canadian city in British Columbia, Canada. Cranbrook is in the southeastern and the East Kootenay region of British Columbia. At the 2006 census, 18,947 people lived in Cranbrook. It was named a city in 1905. Cranbrook is also home to an WHL team called the Kootenay Ice. Colwood, British Columbia Colwood is a Canadian city in British Columbia, Canada. Colwood is southwest of Victoria. It is on Vancouver Island. There were 14,687 people living there at the 2006 consensus. The current mayor of Colwood is David Saunders. Ecstasy Ecstasy may refer to: Alderney camps The Alderney concentration camps were built and operated by Nazi Germany during its World War II occupation of the Channel Islands. The Channel Islands were the only British Commonwealth soil to be occupied by the Nazis. The Nazis built four concentration camps on Alderney Island, subcamps of the Neuengamme camp outside Hamburg. They were named after the Frisian Islands: Lager Norderney, Lager Borkum, Lager Sylt and Lager Helgoland. The Nazi Organisation Todt operated each subcamp and used forced labour to build bunkers, gun emplacements, air-raid shelters, and concrete fortifications. The camps started working in January 1942 and had a total inmate population of about 6,000. The "Borkum" and "Helgoland" camps were "volunteer" (Hilfswillige) labour camps and the labourers in those camps were treated harshly but a little bit better than the inmates at the "Sylt" and "Norderney" camps. The prisoners in "Lager Sylt" and "Lager Norderney" were slave labourers forced to build the many military fortifications and installations throughout Alderney. "Sylt camp" held Jewish enforced labourers. "Norderney camp" housed European (usually Eastern but including Spaniard) and Russian enforced labourers. "Lager Borkum" was used for German technicians and "volunteers" from different countries of Europe. "Lager Helgoland" was filled with Russian Organisation Todt workers. In 1942, "Lager Norderney", containing Russian and Polish POWs, and "Lager Sylt", holding Jews, were placed under the control of the SS Hauptsturmführer Max List. Over 700 of the inmates lost their lives before the camps were closed and the remaining inmates transferred to Nazi Germany in 1944. War crime trials. After World War II, a court-martial case was prepared against ex-SS Hauptsturmführer Max List, citing atrocities on Alderney. However, he did not stand trial, and is believed to have lived near Hamburg until his death in the 1980s. Lager Borkum Lager Borkum was a Nazi concentration camp on Alderney, in the Bailiwick of Guernsey, in the Channel Islands, named after the East Frisian Island of Borkum. The Germans built four concentration camps on the island, subcamps of the Neuengamme concentration camp (in Hamburg, Germany). Each subcamp was named after one of the Frisian Islands: Lager Norderney at Saye, "Lager Borkum" at Platte Saline, Lager Sylt near the old telegraph tower at La Foulère and Lager Helgoland, in the northwest corner of the island. Over 700 people died in the Alderney concentration camps (out of a total inmate population of about 6,000). These were the only Nazi concentration camps on British soil. It was organised by the Schutzstaffel - SS-Baubrigade I–which was first under supervision of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp; and after mid-February 1943 ran under the Neuengamme camp in northern Germany. It was used by the Nazi Organisation Todt, a forced labour programme, to build bunkers, gun emplacements, air-raid shelters, and concrete fortifications. "Lager Borkum" was near the centre of Alderney and was the smallest of the four camps. The "Borkum" and "Helgoland" camps were "volunteer" (Hilfswillige) labour camps and the labourers in those camps were treated harshly but marginally better than the inmates at the "Sylt" and "Norderney" camps. The prisoners in "Lager Sylt" and "Lager Norderney" were slave labourers forced to build the many military fortifications and installations throughout Alderney. "Sylt camp" held Jewish enforced labourers and was a death camp. "Norderney camp" housed European (usually Eastern but including Spaniard) and Russian enforced labourers. "Lager Borkum" was used for German technicians and volunteers from different countries of Europe. "Lager Helgoland" was filled with Russian Organisation Todt workers. (For further information on Alderney concentration camps, see "Appendix F: Concentration Camps: Endlösung – The Final Solution"; "Alderney, a Nazi concentration camp on an island Anglo-Norman";. War crime trials. After World War II, a court-martial case was prepared against ex-SS Hauptsturmführer Max List (the former commandant of Lagers Norderney and Sylt), citing atrocities on Alderney. However, he did not stand trial, and is believed to have lived near Hamburg until his death in the 1980s. Lager Helgoland Lager Helgoland was a Nazi concentration camp on Alderney in the Channel Islands, named after the Frisian Island of Heligoland (), a former British possession handed over to Germany in 1890. The Germans built four concentration camps on Alderney, run as subcamps of the Neuengamme concentration camp (in Hamburg, Germany). Each subcamp was named after one of the Frisian Islands: 700 people died in the Alderney concentration camps (out of a total inmate population of about 6,000). These were the only Nazi concentration camps on British soil. It was organised by the Schutzstaffel - SS-Baubrigade I–which was first under supervision of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp near Berlin; and from mid-February 1943 under the Neuengamme camp in northern Germany. It was used by the Nazi Organisation Todt forced labour programme, to build bunkers, gun emplacements, air-raid shelters, and concrete fortifications. "Lager Helgoland" was in the northwest corner of Alderney. The "Borkum" and "Helgoland" camps were called "volunteer" (Hilfswillige) labour camps and the labourers in those camps were treated harshly but marginally better than the inmates at the "Sylt" and "Norderney" camps. The prisoners in "Lager Sylt" and "Lager Norderney" were slave labourers forced to build the many military fortifications and installations throughout Alderney. "Sylt camp" held Jewish enforced labourers and was a death camp. "Norderney camp" housed European (usually Eastern but including Spaniard) and Russian enforced labourers. "Lager Borkum" was used for German technicians and volunteers from different countries of Europe. "Lager Helgoland" was filled with Russian Organisation Todt workers. (For further information on Alderney concentration camps, see "Appendix F: Concentration Camps: Endlösung – The Final Solution"; "Alderney, a Nazi concentration camp on an island Anglo-Norman";. Lager Norderney Lager Norderney was a Nazi concentration camp on Alderney, in the Channel Islands, named after the East Frisian island of Norderney. The Germans built four concentration camps on the island, subcamps of the Neuengamme concentration camp (in Hamburg, Germany). Each subcamp was named after one of the Frisian Islands: "Lager Norderney" at Saye, Lager Borkum at Platte Saline, Lager Sylt near the old telegraph tower at La Foulère and Lager Helgoland, in the northwest corner of the island. 700 people died in the Alderney concentration camps (out of about 6,000 inmates). These were the only Nazi concentration camps on British soil. It was organised by the Schutzstaffel - SS-Baubrigade I–which was first under supervision of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp; and since mid-February 1943 ran under the Neuengamme camp in northern Germany. It was used by the Nazi Organisation Todt, a forced labour programme, to build bunkers, gun emplacements, air-raid shelters, and concrete fortifications. "Norderney camp" housed European (usually Eastern but including Spaniard) and Russian enforced labourers. The prisoners in "Lager Norderney" and "Lager Sylt" were slave labourers forced to build the many military fortifications and installations throughout Alderney. "Sylt camp" held Jewish enforced labourers and was a death camp. The "Borkum" and "Helgoland" camps were "volunteer" (Hilfswillige) labour camps and the labourers in those camps were treated harshly but marginally better than the inmates at the "Sylt" and "Norderney" camps. "Lager Borkum" was used for German technicians and volunteers from different countries of Europe. "Lager Helgoland" was filled with Russian Organisation Todt workers. (For further information on Alderney concentration camps, see "Appendix F: Concentration Camps: Endlösung – The Final Solution"; "Alderney, a Nazi concentration camp on an island Anglo-Norman";. In 1942, "Lager Norderney", containing Russian and Polish POWs, and "Lager Sylt", holding Jews, were placed under the control of the SS Hauptsturmführer Max List. Over 700 of the inmates lost their lives before the camps were closed and the remaining inmates transferred to Germany in 1944. Lager Sylt Lager Sylt was a Nazi concentration camp on Alderney in the Channel Islands, in operation between March 1943 and June 1944. The Germans built one concentration camp and three Labour camps on the island, subcamps of the Neuengamme concentration camp (in Hamburg, Germany). Each subcamp was named after one of the Frisian Islands: 700 people are estimated to died in the camps on Alderney, although it is now believed to have been higher. This was the only Nazi concentration camp on British soil. It was organised by the Schutzstaffel - SS-Baubrigade I–which was first under supervision of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp; and since mid-February 1943 ran under the Neuengamme camp in northern Germany–near the old telegraph tower at La Foulère. It was used by the Nazi Organisation Todt, a forced labour programme, to build bunkers, gun emplacements, air-raid shelters, and concrete fortifications. "Sylt camp" held Jewish enforced labourers. The prisoners in "Lager Sylt" and "Lager Norderney" were slave labourers forced to build the many military fortifications and installations throughout Alderney. "Norderney camp" housed European (usually Eastern but including Spaniard) and Russian enforced labourers. The "Borkum" and "Helgoland" camps were "volunteer" (Hilfswillige) labour camps and the labourers in those camps were treated harshly but marginally better than the inmates at the "Sylt" and "Norderney" camps. "Lager Borkum" was used for German technicians and volunteers from different countries of Europe. "Lager Helgoland" was filled with Russian Organisation Todt workers. (For further information on Alderney concentration camps, see "Appendix F: Concentration Camps: Endlösung – The Final Solution"; "Alderney, a Nazi concentration camp on an island Anglo-Norman";) The prisoners were from Russia and Europe, usually the east, but including Spanish Republicans. Some of the few remaining unevacuated Alderney natives (round about 2% of the population) also found themselves in there. In 1942, "Lager Norderney", containing Russian and Polish POWs, and "Lager Sylt", holding Jews, were placed under the control of SS Hauptsturmführer Max List. Over 700 of the inmates are said to have lost their lives before the camps were closed and the remaining inmates transferred to Germany in 1944. Alderney has been nicknamed "the island of silence", because little is known about what occurred there during the occupation. The rest of the island was heavily fortified, mainly through the slave labour of the camp inmates. The German officer left in charge of the facilities, Commandant Oberst Schwalm, burned the camps to the ground and destroyed all records connected with their use before the island was liberated by British forces on 16 May 1945. The German garrison on Alderney surrendered a week after the other Channel Islands, and was one of the last garrisons to surrender in Europe. The population were unable to start returning until December 1945. The States (Alderney's governing body) decline to commemorate the sites of the four labour camps. Local historian Colin Partridge feels this may be due to the locals' desire to separat themselves from the accusations of collaboration. A faded memorial plate in the island's parish church mentions 45 Soviet citizens who died on Alderney in 1940-45 but does not say how they died and why. Nicolaus Steno Nicolas Steno (1 January 1638 – 25 November 1686; NS: 11 January 1638 – 5 December 1686) was a Danish Catholic cleric and scientist who pioneered in both anatomy and geology. In 1659 he decided not to accept anything written in a book and, instead, decided to find out things for himself. He is considered the father of geology and stratigraphy.4; 96 Fossils and geology. Steno argued that the chemical composition of fossils could be altered without changing their form. Steno's work on shark teeth led him to the question of how any solid object could come to be found inside another solid object, such as a rock or a layer of rock. The "solids within solids" that attracted Steno's interest included not only fossils, as we would define them today, but minerals, crystals, even entire rock layers or strata. He published his geologic studies in 1669: "De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodromus", or Preliminary discourse to a dissertation on a solid body naturally contained within a solid. Steno was not the first to identify fossils as being from living organisms. His contemporaries Robert Hooke and John Ray also argued that fossils were the remains of once-living organisms. Steno wrote about some of the fundamental principles of stratigraphy: Chervil Chervil ("Anthriscus cerefolium") is a herb that is related to parsley. It is sometimes called garden chervil. Uses. Cooking. Sometimes called "gourmet's parsley", chervil is put in poultry, seafood, and small vegetables. It is particularly famous in France, where it is added to omelettes, salads and soups. More delicate than parsley, it has a small taste of liquorice. Medicine. Chervil had several traditional uses. Pregnant women were washed in an infusion of it; a lotion of chervil was used as for cleaning skin; and it was used medicinally as a blood purifier. It was also said to be useful for curing hiccups. The Sims Medieval The Sims Medieval is a video game developed by The Sims Studio. It is based on "The Sims" game series, and was released on March 22, 2011 by Electronic Arts. It is available for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. The game is different from the previous versions of "The Sims", in the sense that it is set in medieval times. Players can build a kingdom, through a quest-driven gameplay. The game has received mixed reviews from critics. Dulene Dulene is a village in the Pivara municipality in Kragujevac city district in the Šumadija District of central Serbia. It has a population of 218 people. WWE Tough Enough WWE Tough Enough is a professional wrestling reality television program produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Participants trained professionally and competed for a contract with WWE. There were two winners each season for the first three competitions. They were aired on MTV. A fourth competition was held in 2004, with only a single winner, but was integrated into UPN's "SmackDown!". In October 2010, the USA Network said they would revive "Tough Enough". The new series will begin airing on April 4, 2011. E.T. (song) "E.T." is a song by singer Katy Perry. It features rapper Kanye West. It was released 16 February 2011 and has a stomp-stomp-clap beat or rhythm similar to Queen's "We Will Rock You". The Queen song has the band stamping their feet twice, and clapping once. This single received mixed reviews by the music critics. The song is style from the electronic music genre with elements from teen pop, with the lyrics speaking of falling in love with a foreigner. Trail, British Columbia Trail is a Canadian city in British Columbia, Canada. Trail is in the West Kootenay region of British Columbia. At the 2006 census, 7,237 people lived in Trail. The current mayor of Trail is Mike Martin. Trail has a BCHL (British Columbia Hockey League) ice hockey team called the Trail Smoke Eaters. Jérôme d'Ambrosio Jérôme d'Ambrosio (born 27 December 1985 in Etterbeek, Belgium) is a Belgian racing driver of Italian descent. He one of the drivers for the Marussia Virgin Racing for the 2011 Formula One World Championship. Career. Karting. D'Ambrosio began his career in karting, between 1995 and 2002. He was three times Belgian champion, winning the Mini class in 1996, Junior in 2000 and Formula A in 2002. He won the Junior Monaco Kart Cup in 2000, and won World Cup Formula A in 2002. Formula Renault. D'Ambrosio moved into single-seaters in 2003, and won the Belgian Formula Renault (1.6 litre) championship. He also drove in the German-based Formula König championship in 2003. He moved into the French Formula Renault (2-litre) series for 2004. He finished fourth in the series and was top rookie. He switched to the Italian Formula Renault Championship in 2005, and finished fourth. In 2006, he drove in the Formula Renault 3.5 Series, for Tech 1 Racing. He left the series after four rounds and zero points. During this time, d'Ambrosio also raced in several Eurocup races. In 2006, he raced in the second half of the Euroseries 3000. D'Ambrosio had three podium finishes and finished fifth in the point standings. Formula Master. For 2007, d'Ambrosio took part in the first season of the International Formula Master series. He won five races and scored 100 points. D'Ambrosio became the series's first champion. GP2 Series. For 2008, d'Ambrosio raced in both the GP2 Series and the new GP2 Asia Series. He finished eleventh in the GP2 drivers' championship. In the 2008-09 GP2 Asia Series season, d'Ambrosio finished second to team-mate Kamui Kobayashi. In the 2009 season, he finished ninth with out wining a single race. In 2010, d'Ambrosio took his first series victory at Monaco. He took his first GP2 pole position at Belgian. He finished twelfth in the drivers' championship. Formula One. In January 2010, d'Ambrosio was announced as a reserve driver for Renault F1. He replace Lucas di Grassi at Virgin four times for Friday practice: at the Singapore, Japanese, Korean and Brazilian Grands Prix. On 21 December 2010 Virgin Racing confirmed that d'Ambrosio would race for the team in . Chino XL Derek Keith Barbosa (born April 8, 1974 in The Bronx, New York) is an American rapper and actor better known by his stage name, Chino XL. As an actor he has made guest appearances on the television shows Reno 911! and , as well as movies with Kate Hudson, Luke Wilson, and Rob Reiner. Discography. Albums. Chino XL has released 5 studio albums: Jeff Ross Jeffrey Ross Lifschultz (born September 13, 1965), better known as Jeff Ross, is an American stand-up comedian, actor and author. He is known for his insult-style of comedy, leading to his nickname "The Roastmaster General". He has had many appearances on Comedy Central's roast specials, aiming insults and jokes at celebrities. He has acted in television series such as "Where My Dogs At?", "", "Six Feet Under" and "Weeds". Ross was also a competitor on the seventh season of "Dancing with the Stars" where he danced with Edyta Śliwińska. They were the first ones eliminated. Ross was born in Springfield, New Jersey to a Jewish family. He is a Democrat. Sulphur Springs, Texas Sulphur Springs is a city in Hopkins County, Texas, United States. The population of Sulphur Springs was 14,551 in 2000. Sulphur Springs was founded in 1854. George Takei George Hosato Takei Altman (born April 20, 1937 in Los Angeles, California) is an American actor. He is probably best known for playing "Hikaru Sulu" in the television series, "". His parents were of Japanese origin. In 2005, he said that he is homosexual during an interview with "Frontiers" magazine and that he was in a relationship with his partner of eighteen years, Brad Altman. Gonzalo Zárate Gonzalo Eulogio Zárate (born 6 August 1984 in Rosario, Santa Fe) is an Argentine football player. He plays in Austria for FC Red Bull Salzburg as midfielder. He started playing football in the youthteams of CA Lanús und CA Tiro Federal. Zarate played his first professional matches in the second league of Argentina for PCC San José. 2007 he went to Switzerland playing for SC Kriens (Second League), scoring five goals in five matches. Then he went on loan to Grasshopper-Club Zürich, after the loan the bought him . He scored 14 goals and was the most successful scorer in the team. In May 2010 he signed with FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. In his first year he played till now 25 matches and scored three goals and gave one assist. Alexander Stephens Alexander Hamilton Stephens (February 11, 1812 – March 4, 1883) was an American and Confederate politician. He was from Georgia. Stephens was short and sickly for much of his life. Stephens owned a fair number of slaves. He served as a Whig congressman from 1843 to 1859. Later, he became a member of the Constitutional Union Party and then a Democrat. Stephens was the Vice-President of the Confederacy from 1861 to 1865. While Vice-President, he tried to end the war and did not get along with Confederate President Jefferson Davis. After the war, Stephens again was a U.S. Congressman, and was Governor of Georgia for a short time. Your Highness Your Highness is a 2011 fantasy-comedy movie produced by Scott Stuber, Jon Mone, Danny McBride, Mark Huffam and Andrew Z. Davis, and directed by David Gordon Green. It was released on April 8, 2011 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with Rotten Tomatoes giving it a 26% and Metacritic gave it a 31 out of 100. Baldwin apple The Baldwin apple is a bright red winter apple, very good in quality, and easily shipped. It was for many years the most popular apple in New England, New York, and for export from America. History. According to local tradition, the apple was found near Wood Hill by William Butters (1665-1746), son of Will Butter, first white settler in what is now Wilmington, Massachusetts. William Butters raised the tree in his yard, near the present Baldwin Apple Monument "(pictured)". According to S. A. Beach's "Apples of New York", the Baldwin originated soon after 1740 as a chance seedling on the farm of Mr. John Ball of Wilmington, Massachusetts, and for about 40 years thereafter its cultivation was confined to that immediate neighborhood. The farm eventually came into the possession of a Mr. Butters, who gave the name "Woodpecker" to the apple because the tree was frequented by woodpeckers. The apple was long known locally as the "Woodpecker" or "Pecker". It was also called the "Butters". Deacon Samuel Thompson, a surveyor of Woburn, Massachusetts, brought it to the attention of Col. Loammi Baldwin of the same town. Baldwin grew the apple and spread it across eastern Massachusetts. From Col. Baldwin's interest in the variety it came to be called the Baldwin. A monument to the Baldwin apple now marks the location (on today's Chestnut street in Wilmington). The monument's inscription reads: "This monument marks the site of the first Baldwin Apple Tree found growing wild near here. It fell in the gale of 1815. The apple first known as the Butters, Woodpecker or Pecker apple was named after Col. Loammi Baldwin of Woburn. Erected in 1895 by the Rumford Historical Association." A harsh winter in 1934 wiped out many of the Baldwin apple orchards in New England. Its popularity as an eating apple waned, but some orchards were preserved for many years due to its desirability as a mixing apple for cider. However, the orchards have not been replaced when they played out. Baldwin Apples, unlike many apples, have long been prized for the making of hard cider. "West County Cider" makes Baldwin Cider from trees planted in the early 1900s. It is their most popular cider. The apple is noted for its particularly small to medium size (ca. 6–8 cm), when compared to other apples like the Macintosh. It is an exceptionally hard apple and would remain remarkably free from blemishes and other blights with few pesticides being needed. Because of its hardness it shipped well without bruising and for a time was prized for this quality. Aside from cider making it was also known as an exceptionally good pie apple and due to its hardness would maintain more crispness through the baking than other apples would. Tropical Storm Agatha (2010) Tropical Storm Agatha was a weak but devastating tropical cyclone which brought severe flooding across Central America. It was the deadliest Eastern Pacific storm since Hurricane Pauline in 1997. Agatha was the first storm of the 2010 Eastern Pacific hurricane season. The storm caused 190 deaths and $1.1 billion in damage across Central America. Rebecca Black Rebecca Renee Black (born June 21, 1997) is an American singer-songwriter. who gained fame for her 2011 single, Friday. Her single gained around 1,000 views in the first month and has had negative views. After the video saw many views on YouTube and other social media websites, "Friday" expressed unpraise by many music critics and viewers. They described it as "the worst song ever". After the video was uploaded in Youtube on February 10, 2011 and its temporary removal on June 16, 2011, the music video received around 167 million views. Black re-uploaded it to her own YouTube channel in September 2011. Early life. Rebecca Renee Black was born on June 21, 1997, in Irvine, California. She is the daughter of John Jeffery Black and Georgina Marquez Kelly, who are veterinarians. Her mother is of half Mexican ancestry, and her father is from Iowa, is of Italian, English, and Polish ancestry. She has one younger brother named Chase (born August 25, 1999). Her parents divorced in 2003 when Black was in first grade. Her grandmother lives in Illinois. Black's aunts and uncles live around the United States. Black originally attended private school from kindergarten to 6th grade. She moved to a public school due to bullying. She joined the school's musical theater program, which she felt being involved in was "meant to be," and that she became part of another family. In April 2011, She dropped out in favor of homeschooling because she needed to focus on her career and she wanted to avoid insults from her former classmates. She was also failing English class because of her busy schedule. Albums. Rebecca Black has had six singles: John B. Bibb Lt. John B. Bibb (October 27, 1789, in Prince Edward County, Virginia - April 12, 1840) served in the War of 1812, represented Logan County in the Kentucky House of Representatives and the state Senate from 1827 to 1834. Lt. Bibb was also an amateur horticulturist and developed the modern Bibb lettuce at his mansion in Frankfort, Kentucky. However, it wasn't offered commercially until 1935. Bing cherry Bing is a cultivar (farmed type) of the wild or sweet cherry ("Prunus avium") that started in the Pacific Northwest, in Milwaukie, Oregon, United States. The Bing remains a major cultivar in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. It is the most produced variety of sweet cherry in the United States. History. The cultivar was created as a crossbred graft from the Republican cherry in 1875 by Oregon horticulturist Seth Lewelling and his Manchurian Chinese foreman Ah Bing, for whom the cultivar is named. Ah Bing. Ah Bing was reportedly born in China and immigrated to the U.S. in about 1855. He worked as a foreman in the Lewelling family fruit orchards in Milwaukie for about 35 years, supervising other workers and caring for trees. He went back to China in 1889 for a visit. Due to the restrictions of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 he never returned to the United States. Some say Ah Bing developed the cultivar, others that it was developed by Lewelling and named in Bing's honour due to his long service as orchard foreman. Horticultural production. Bing cherries are used almost exclusively for fresh market. Bings are large, dark and firm cherries that ship well, but will crack open if exposed to rain near harvest. A wet climate is required for the harvest of the bing cherry. Health. Bing cherries are high in anti-oxidants. A study by the United States Department of Agriculture has shown that fresh Bing cherries may help sufferers of arthritis and gout. However, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration warns that these are yet unproven claims. Isle of Man Government The Isle of Man Government () is the government of the Isle of Man. The formal head of the Isle of Man Government is the Lieutenant Governor, representing HM Queen Elizabeth II, Lord of Mann. The executive head is the Chief Minister. Douglas, the largest town on the Isle of Man is its capital and seat of government, where the Government offices and the parliament chambers () are located. The Civil Service has more than 2000 employees and the total number of public sector employees including the Civil Service, teachers, nurses, police, etc. is about 9000 people. This is somewhat more than 10% of the population of the Island, and a full 23% of the working population. This does not include any military forces, as defence is the responsibility of the United Kingdom. Government structure. The Government consists of nine departments, ten statutory boards and three offices all reporting to the Council of Ministers. The departments all report directly to the Council of Ministers. Statutory boards and offices are listed below the Department to which they report. Brief history. Lieutenant Governor. Before modern times the government of the Isle of Man was in the hands of the Governor (or Lieutenant Governor), who representated the Lord of Man, assisted by his Council, consisting of the other permanent officials (the Bishop, Archdeacon, Deemsters, Attorney General, etc.). The Council became the Legislative Council, the upper chamber of Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man. After the Revestment (when the rights of the Lord of Man were "placed in" or "vested" in the King of Great Britain) in 1765, the Lieutenant Governor and his officials were the agents of the British Government, and not democratically responsible to the Manx people. Conflict between the House of Keys (popularly elected after 1866) and the Lieutenant Governor came to a head when Lord Raglan was Lieutenant Governor between 1902 and 1918. Council of Ministers. After World War I the Lieutenant Governor gradually gave up control to Tynwald, a process guided by the reports of commissions and other bodies in 1911, 1959 and 1969. An Executive Council, chaired by him and including members of Tynwald, was established in 1949, and gradually thereafter became the effective government of the Island. Finance and the police came under local control between 1958 and 1976. The Lieutenant Governor stopped chairing the Executive Council in 1980, and was replaced by a chairman elected by Tynwald, and the Council was reconstituted in 1985 to include the chairmen of the eight principal Boards; in 1986 they were given the title 'Minister' and the chairman was styled 'Chief Minister'. In 1990 the Council was renamed the 'Council of Ministers'. Departments. During the 19th century several bodies, which came to be known as 'Boards of Tynwald', were created to exercise functions under democratic control. These included the Board of Education (1872), Highway Board (1874), Asylums Board (1888), Government Property Trustees (1891) and Local Government Board (1894). However, although direct taxation was levied by Tynwald, the Boards' freedom of action before the 1960s was limited by the Lieutenant Governor's control of the Island's budget and his power to appoint certain of their members. The structure of the Boards of Tynwald, along with other bodies variously called 'Statutory Boards' and 'Commercial Boards', became increasingly unwieldy after the 1950s, and was eventually reformed in the 1980s, when a system of 'ministerial government' was set up. Until 1 April 2010 the Departments were as follows. Created in 1985-87, they were the successors of the former Boards of Tynwald. The structure and functions of the Departments were re-organised with effect from 1 April 2010. The existing Departments, except the Treasury and the Departments of Education and Home Affairs, were dissolved, and the Department of Education was renamed "the Department of Education and Children". The Departments and their functions are now as follows: Statutory Boards. As noted above, a number of 'Statutory Boards' and 'Commercial Boards' were created at various times. Some were taken over by the Departments in 1985-1987, but others continued as separate Statutory Boards after 1987: Member of the House of Keys Member of the House of Keys, or MHK is the title given to a person who has been elected into the House of Keys, the lower house of Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man. There are twenty-four Members of the House of Keys. Elections are held every five years; the last election took place in November 2006. The leader of the House is the Speaker of the House of Keys, Juan Watterson. The House of Keys is in Douglas, the capital of the Isle of Man. The Old House of Keys, their former chamber, is in Castletown, the former capital. It is now a museum. Evolutionary developmental biology Evolutionary developmental biology interprets development in the light of evolution and modern genetics. It is called for short 'evo-devo'. In "On the Origin of Species" (1859), Charles Darwin proposed evolution through natural selection, a theory central to modern biology. Darwin recognised the importance of embryonic development in the understanding of evolution: Ernst Haeckel (1866) proposed that "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny", that is, the development of the embryo of every species (ontogeny) repeats the evolutionary development of that species (phylogeny). Haeckel's concept explained, for example, why humans, and indeed all vertebrates, have gill slits and tails early in embryonic development. His theory has since been largely discredited. The modern evolutionary synthesis. A renewed interest in the evolution of development came after the modern evolutionary synthesis (roughly 1936 to 1947). The conventional view had been that evo-devo had little influence on the evolutionary synthesis, but the following suggests otherwise. Gavin de Beer. In "Embryos and evolution" (1930) Gavin de Beer stressed the importance of heterochrony, and especially paedomorphosis in evolution. According to his theories, paedomorphosis (the retention of juvenile features in the adult form) is important in evolution because juvenile tissues are relatively undifferentiated and capable of further evolution, whereas highly specialised tissues are less able to change. He also conceived the idea of "clandestine evolution", which helped to explain the sudden changes in the fossil record which were apparently at odds with Darwin's gradualist theory of evolution. If a novelty were to evolve gradually in an animal's juvenile form, then its development might not appear in the fossil record at all, but if the species were then to undergo neoteny, in which sexual maturity is reached while in a juvenile form, then the feature would appear suddenly in the fossil record, despite having evolved gradually. Stephen Jay Gould called this approach to explaining evolution as "terminal addition"; as if every evolutionary advance was added as new stage by reducing the duration of the older stages. The idea was based on observations of neoteny. This was extended by the more general idea of heterochrony (changes in timing of development) as a mechanism for evolutionary change. Neoteny and Man. It has often been suggested that the human species is, at least to some extent, an example of neoteny. These features of adult humans are different from those of adult great apes, but "more similar to those of juvenile apes": These are some of the neotenous traits in humans: flattened face, broadened face, large brain, hairless body, hairless face, small nose, reduction of brow ridge, small teeth, small upper jaw (maxilla), small lower jaw (mandible), thinness of skull bones, limbs proportionately short compared to torso length, longer leg than arm length, larger eyes, and upright stance. Even more significant is the way that humans continue to learn and play into adult life, whereas in apes (and other mammals) this kind of behaviour is usually shown only in juveniles. This strongly suggest that our brain activities are, at least in this respect, more similar to juvenile apes than to adult apes. Genetics and evo-devo. E.B. Lewis. Modern interest in evo-devo springs from clear proof that development is closely controlled by special genetic systems involving hox genes. In a series of experiments with the fruit-fly "Drosophila", Edward B. Lewis was able to identify a complex of genes whose proteins bind to the regulatory regions of target genes. The latter then activate or repress systems of cellular processes that accomplish the final development of the organism. Furthermore, the sequence of these control genes show "co-linearity": the order of the loci in the chromosome parallels the order in which the loci are expressed in segments along the body. Not only that, but this cluster of master control genes programs the development of all higher organisms. Each of the genes contains a homeobox, a remarkably conserved DNA sequence, which is similar in many widely different animals. This suggests the complex itself arose by gene duplication. In his Nobel lecture, Lewis said "Ultimately, comparisons of the [control complexes] throughout the animal kingdom should provide a picture of how the organisms, as well as the [control genes] have evolved". In 2000, a special section of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) was devoted to evo-devo, and an entire 2005 issue of the Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution was devoted to the key evo-devo topics of evolutionary innovation and morphological novelty. James Anthony Brown James Anthony "Tony" Brown (born 5 January 1950) is a Manx politician. He is the current Chief Minister of the Isle of Man and Member of the House of Keys for Castletown. Tony Brown was educated at Castle Rushen and was an electrician. He owned "Tony Brown Electrics" in Castletown until its closure in 2010. He was elected as a member of Castletown Commissioners (town council) in 1976, becoming Chairman in 1980 before being elected as the Castletown MHK in 1981 at his first attempt. In 2000, he was defeated in his attempt to become Speaker of the House of Keys by David Cannan but instead became the Deputy Speaker. Following the 2001 General Election, he was elected Speaker and in January 2002, Deputy President of Tynwald. He was reelected in November 2006 as MHK, beating Roy Redmayne by 915 votes to 335. There was a great deal of rumour that he might run for Chief Minister, but when nominations were put forward his name was not in the list. There was a round of voting with neither Steve Rodan, John Shimmin nor David Cannan being elected. Nominations then reopened, with Tony Brown being the only candidate put forward. His nomination was confirmed by Tynwald on Thursday, 14 December 2006 receiving 27 votes and the Lieutenant Governor appointed him Chief Minister later in the day. He then resigned the Speakership of the House of Keys as required by law. Chief Minister of the Isle of Man The Chief Minister (Manx: "Ard-choylargh") is the executive head of the Isle of Man Government. He is the Prime Minister of the island. The office comes from that of Chairman of the Executive Council. Before 1980 the Executive Council was chaired by the Lieutenant Governor, but afterwards the chairman was elected by Tynwald, the parliament of the Isle of Man. The title was changed to "Chief Minister" in 1986. The Chief Minister is appointed by the Lieutenant Governor on the nomination of Tynwald after a general election of the House of Keys. He holds office until the next general election (i.e., for 5 years), and is eligible for re-appointment, but may be removed from office by Tynwald on a vote of no confidence in the Council of Ministers. After the general election in November 2006, Mr John Shimmin MHK, Mr Stephen Rodan MHK (Minister for Health and Social Security) and Mr David Cannan MHK (former Minister for the Treasury) tried to become Chief Minister, but none got enough votes in Tynwald. On a second vote Mr Tony Brown (Speaker of the House of Keys) was nominated unopposed. Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man The Lieutenant Governor () is the representative on the Isle of Man of the Lord of Mann, who is currently Queen Elizabeth II. He/she has the power to grant Royal Assent and is styled "His Excellency". The official residence of the Governor is Government House, Governor's Road, Onchan. The Lieutenant Governor had all judicial, fiscal (tax raising) and executive power. In about 1900 they had more power over the island than any other Commonwealth leader had in their colony or Dominion. However, he lost his role as Head of the Judiciary and as Head of Government in 1961, as President of Legislative Council in 1980 and finally as President of Tynwald in 1990. Today the role of Lieutenant Governor is mainly ceremonial. Some powers under Isle of Man legislation do still fall to the Governor or Governor-in-Council. Proposed change to title. In October 2005 Tynwald wanted to change the title of the Lieutenant Governor to Crown Commissioner. This proposal was sent to the British Department of Constitutional Affairs for submission to the Lord of Mann Elizabeth II for approval. However, in April 2006, after much public disapproval, Tynwald rejected their own proposal and withdrew their request for Royal Assent. Thus the Lieutenant Governor will remain as currently titled. David Doyle (judge) David Doyle QC was the First Deemster of the Isle of Man. He was appointed in 2010 and used to be a partner of in the law firm of Dickinson, Cruickshank & Co from 1985 - 2010. He was called to the Bar (Gray's Inn) in 1982 and the Manx Bar in 1984. In November 2010 it was announced that he would take up the position of First Deemster following the death of Michael Kerruish earlier in the year. Doyle was sworn in on December 20, 2010. His appointment ended on July 31st 2018. Nova Bus Nova Bus is a company which makes buses for public transit, and is owned by Volvo. Created in 1993, Nova Bus continued the production of the Classic and Rapid Transit Series models previously made by General Motors and Motor Coach Industries. Nova Buses are used in many cities across North America, including New York, Quebec City, Montreal and Calgary. Nova Bus has three factories in which the buses are built; Plattsburgh, New York, St-François-du-Lac, Quebec, and St-Eustache, Quebec. Buses. Nova Bus has produced seven types of buses, including three which are no longer made. Deemster A deemster () is a judge in the Isle of Man. The Isle of Man is self-governing. It keeps some of its traditions, and has a long past history. The High Court of Justice of the Isle of Man is presided over by a deemster. In the appeal division, a deemster and the Judge of Appeal preside. The deemsters also make the Isle of Man's laws official, by reading them out to the people in English and Manx on Tynwald Day. The First and Second Deemsters used to have seats in the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man. The Second Deemster lost his seat in 1965, and the First Deemster lost his in 1975. There are currently three full time Deemsters in the Isle of Man. These are the First Deemster and Clerk of the Rolls (who is also the Deputy Governor), the Second Deemster, and an additional full-time Deemster. Additional deemsters, full-time or part-time, may be appointed from time to time. The offices of First Deemster, Second Deemster and Clerk of the Rolls are ancient offices. The offices of First Deemster and Clerk of the Rolls were joined in 1918. A new office of Deputy Deemster was created in 2002, but abolished in 2009. The First Deemster, Second Deemster and Judge of Appeal are appointed by the monarch, (acting on the advice of the UK's Secretary of State for Justice). The First Deemster acts in place of the Lieutenant Governor in the latter's absence, or during a vacancy in that office. Coat of arms of the Isle of Man The coat of arms of the Isle of Man, or The Arms of Her Majesty in right of the Isle of Man (their formal name as the Isle of Man is a Crown dependency). The arms were adopted on 12 July 1996. History. The Arms of Her Majesty in right of the Isle of Man were granted by Queen Elizabeth II, Lord of Mann on 12 July 1996. They are a form of the traditional arms. It has a threefold rotational symmetry. The traditional arms date back to the 13th century. The arms are recorded in the English "Walford's Roll", and "Camden Roll", as well as the French "Wijbergen Roll". In the "Camden Roll" the arms are shown as: "gules, three mailed legs embowed, and conjoined at the thighs, argent"; the original Norman French blazon reads: "l'escu de gules, a treis iambes armes". or "Red, 3 bent legs in armour, joined at the top of the thighs, silver". Symbolism. Escutcheon. The escutcheon is emblazoned: "Gules a triskele argent garnished and spurred Or". The triskele (or triskelion) is an ancient symbol, consisting of three branches or legs, that radiate from a centre. The symbol is found on the Isle of Man, and earlier on Sicily. The Manx triskelion is known in the Manx language as "tre cassyn" "the three legs". The symbol has been associated with the island since at least the 13th century. It is unknown how the "tre cassyn" were originally adopted, and several theories have been put forward their origin. In 1607, English historian William Camden stated that the "tre cassyn" were derived from the Sicilian triskelion. In 1885 John Newton considered the "tre cassyn" to have originated in the mid 13th century, when the Pope offered the throne of Sicily to Edmund, son of King Henry III of England. Newton noted that the wife of King Alexander III of Scotland was Henry's daughter, and that Alexander visited the English court in 1255. Later in 1266, Norway ceded the Isle of Man to the Kingdom of Scotland, and Newton considered it likely that Alexander utilised the triskelion for the arms of his new possession. It has also been suggested that the ancestry of the "tre cassyn" can be traced to the triquetra in a coin of Amlaíb Cuarán, a 10th-century Norse-Gael warlord who was king of Northumbria and king of Dublin. Lending credibility to this theory is the current belief that the mediaeval Manx dynasty was related to that of Amlaíb Cuarán. However, the gap between the 10th century and late 13th century, when the "tre cassyn" is first recorded, is wide indeed, and it has been noted that several kings from this period are known to have borne a galley as their emblem, and not the "tre cassyn". Early examples of the symbol are present in the Royal Arms ascribed to the King of Mann in several late 13th century armorials. The "tre cassyn" also appears on the Manx Sword of State, which is popularly said to date to the time of King Amlaíb mac Gofraid (d. 1237), although recent analysis has shown it more likely dates to about the 15th century. Another example can be seen on a 14th-century stone cross in the churchyard of Maughold. Another is example is a late 14th century seal of Sir William le Scrope, Lord of Mann, in which the "tre cassyn" are depicted in plate armour, rather than mail. Early representations of the "tre cassyn" show the legs running clockwise, and later representations show the legs running in both directions. Supporters. The peregrine falcon is derived from the time of King John I of Mann. In 1405, he was granted the Isle of Man, on condition he paid homage to King Henry IV of England, and gave two peregrine falcons to him and every future English king their Coronation Day. The descendants of John I ruled the Isle of Man until King George III of Great Britain as the Lords of Mann. The presentation of falcons continued on, until the coronation of King George IV, in 1822. In keeping with the Viking history of the island, the raven featured in Norse mythology. The chief god Odin was accompanied by the two ravens Huginn and Muninn. Motto. The motto is "quocunque jeceris stabit", which is Latin and means: "whichever way you shall have thrown [it], it shall stand". The motto dates to the 17th century, where it is first recorded as being present on Manx coinage dating to the year 1668. It is possible that the motto became associated to the "tre cassyn" through these coins. Patricia Arquette Patricia T. Arquette (born April 8, 1968) is an American actress and movie director. She played the lead character in the supernatural drama television series "Medium". She also starred in other TV series and in many movies. She won a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for her role in "Boyhood" in 2015. Early life. Arquette was born in Chicago, Illinois. She is the daughter of Lewis Arquette, an actor, and Brenda Olivia "Mardi" (née Nowak), an actress, poet, theater operator, activist, acting teacher, and therapist. Arquette's mother was Jewish, the daughter of a Holocaust survivor from Poland and Russia. Arquette's father was of English, French-Canadian, German, Irish, Scottish, Swiss and Welsh descent and a convert to Islam from Catholicism, and was related to explorer Meriwether Lewis. Her paternal grandfather was comedian Cliff Arquette; her siblings are actors Rosanna, Alexis, Richmond, and David Arquette. Downtown (owarai) Downtown is a popular Japanese comedy duo that features members, Hitoshi Matsumoto and Masatoshi Hamada. They first became a comedy duo in 1983 when they went on Yoshimoto Kōgyō: NSC (New Star Creation). They are known for acting on the television show, Downtown no Gaki no Tsukai ya Arahende!! along with another comedy duo, Cocorico. Matsumoto is the "boke" of the duo and he will often put up with light physical abuse (it is also common for the "tsukkomi" to slap the "boke" on top of his head whenever he says something rude or ridiculous) from Hamada who is the "tsukkomi". They have also created the televisions series, Downtown no Gottsu Ee Kanji, Downtown DX and Hey! Hey! Hey! Music Champ. No Way Out (2004) No Way Out was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on February 15, 2004 at the Cow Palace in Daly City, California. It was the 5th No Way Out event. Seven matches were scheduled on the event's card. The main event between Eddie Guerrero and Brock Lesnar was quoted by Kevin Sowers from PWTorch as being "one to remember for a long time". Modern English Bible translations There are many translations of the Bible in English. People don't agree about what is the "original Bible". Because there are many versions of Greek and Latin Bibles, there are also many versions of the English Bible. Some translations are word-for-word from the original language. These translations are usually difficult to read. Other translations are idea-for-idea. These translations change the ideas of the original Bible into English. Some idea-for-idea translations use very easy English. Literal translations are difficult for some people to understand. But, non-literal translations can change the meaning. "Dynamic Equivalence" means making the Bible easy to read, without changing the meaning. Modern English Bible Versions. Christian Translations. Most English Bible translations are written from a Christian point of view. The King James Version. The Authorized King James Version (KJV) is very popular. Many parts of it are literal (word-for-word) translations of the original Greek and Hebrew. The KJV Bible was produced from 1604 to 1611, as a revision of the Bishops Bible. Since 1600, many English words have changed. Because the KJV Bible is 400 years old, it is more difficult to read. But even though it is 400 years old, many expressions and idioms used in everyday modern English come from the KJV. Since 1611, the first KJV Bible has been changed. The edition usually used today is the 1769 edition. The new versions, which are revisions of the KJV include the Revised Version (1885), the Revised Standard Version (1952), the New Revised Standard Version (1989), and the English Standard Version (2001). Other Translations. On the internet, there are many translations of the Bible. You can read virtual Bibles. If you want to read part of the Bible, you can print that part. This is called "print on demand". Today, there are many translations that are literal, not literal, and between. The Young's Literal Translation is very literal. The Message Bible and The Word on the Street are not literal. Gender Neutral Versions. In the Bible, men and women are equal. They just have different roles. Men are supposed to be the dominant figures in society. Some new translations weaken male dominance. These translations are called "feminist," "gender neutral, or gender accurate." Some gender-neutral translations are: the New Revised Standard Version (1989), the Revised English Bible (1989), Today's New International Version (2005), New International Version (2011). The English Standard Version (2001) also tries to be more equal. Simplified English Bibles. Many people have written simpler Bibles. These Bibles use few words. Some are written for non-native speakers of English. World English Bible. The "World English Bible" is a version of the Bible written in modern English. It began in 1997 and was a revision of the "American Standard Version 1997". The project began with the goal of producing an English-language version of the Bible that does not use older English nor Basic English. It is based on the 1901 "American Standard Version", the Greek "Majority Text", and the Hebrew "Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia" with some minor changes made because of alternative readings in the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint but these alternative readings are ignored or restricted to the footnotes. There are seven passes of editing and reading for each book. The first pass updated about 1,000 words, phrases and grammatical constructs. The first manual pass was to add quotation marks and other punctuation, and to check the version against the Greek and Hebrew texts where there are large textual variants or the meaning is not clear. Jewish Translations. Sometimes Jews and Christians do not agree on how to translate the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh. Jews have written translations that follow Jewish opinions. These include: Many Jewish Bible translations show the English and original Hebrew on facing pages. None of these translations is considered Simple English or Basic English. László Bodnár László Bodnár (born February 25, 1979 in Mátészalka) is a Hungarian football defender. He is playing for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. He started playing professional with VSC Debrecen in Hungary. From 2000 till 2003 he played for Dynamo Kiew and Arsenal Kiew in the Ukraine. 2003 he came to Roda JC Kerkrade and 2006 till 2009 to FC Red Bull Salzburg. 2009 he went back to Debrecen and played with the team in the UEFA Champions League group stage. After the year with Debrecen he found no new team but in 2011 he came back to FC Red Bull Salzburg. For Red Bull Salzburg he played 66 matches and scored only two goals but got a lot of assistance points. László Bodnár played 22 times for the Hungarian football national team, one time he was the captain. Bell's theorem Bell's theorem, also called "Bell's inequality," is a thought experiment. When joined with real experiments, it shows there are no hidden variables which can explain some of the consequences of quantum mechanics. This study, closely related to quantum mechanics, was done by John Stewart Bell. Brian Greene's analogy. The following analogy has been provided by Brian Greene: Pairs of boxes have been prepared and sent to Earth and on Vulcan. There is something inside that shows a light when a door is opened. If the same doors are opened on both members of the pair, then both lights will be blue or both lights will be red. What if different doors are opened? Maybe the chances that a red light or a blue light shows up were set by the maker of the boxes. Or maybe whether a red light or a blue light shows up depends on an individual coin flip in each box. How can we tell? In a system that works the way quantum mechanics does, there is a 50% chance that opening any pair of doors (on the gray side, the white side, or the black side of each of the boxes in the schematic diagram) will give rise to a match. For instance, Earth could open the door in the gray side of its box, and Vulcan could open the door in the black side of its box. Quantum physics says that half the time they should get a match. But if the decision to produce a certain color for each of the doors opened is programmed into both boxes, then there is a 55% or greater chance of getting a match. Bell argues that because in actual experiments doing the equivalent of "opening different doors" only yields a 50% success rate, there can be no hidden variables in operation that would have "preselected" states for all six alternatives. The analogy given here follows closely the one used by Brian Greene in "The Fabric of the Cosmos, p. 107ff. Mark Cavendish Mark Cavendish (born 21 May 1985) is a Manx racing cyclist who rides for team dimension data. Originally a track cyclist in the madison, points race, and scratch race, he has competed on the road since 2006. He is a double Madison World Champion and Commonwealth Games gold medallist on the track. As a road cyclist, he has risen to fame as a sprinter. He got eleven wins in his first professional season, equalling the record held by Alessandro Petacchi. In the 2008 Tour de France he won four stages, a then unprecedented achievement for a British cyclist (he surpassed the feat, winning six stages in 2009 and a further 5 in 2010) and he has been described as the fastest sprinter in the world. He continued his wins in 2009 by taking the Spring classic, Milan – San Remo. Cavendish started racing informally at 12, as a mountain-bike rider. Cavendish was awarded the Freedom of the Borough of Douglas in 2008, and collected the award on 14 April 2011. He lives on the Isle of Man and has a training base in Quarrata, Tuscany, Italy. Early life. Cavendish was born in Douglas, Isle of Man, the son of David Cavendish also from the Isle of Man, and Adele from Yorkshire. He began riding BMX at a young age, racing at the National Sports Centre in Douglas. It was at that time that Cavendish met David Millar at a race on the Isle of Man. Cavendish said he was inspired by Millar. Career. Amateur career. Cavendish worked in a bank for two years after leaving school. He concentrated on earning enough money to support himself as a full-time cyclist later on, as he attempted to turn professional. Mark Cavendish began his career with the British Track Cycling team. He won gold in the madison at the Los Angeles World Track Championships with Rob Hayles. They had not raced together before. They finished one lap ahead of the field to claim the gold medal, ahead of the Dutch and Belgian teams, giving Britain its fourth gold at the championships. It was Cavendish's first world champion's jersey. Cavendish also won the 2005 European championship points race. He began road racing in 2005, riding the Tour of Berlin and Tour of Britain as a trialist with Team Sparkasse. Cavendish began 2006 with the Continental team, Team Sparkasse, a feeder squad for T-Mobile Team. In June, he won two stages and the points and sprint competitions in the Tour of Berlin. He rode for the Isle of Man on the track at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, riding the scratch race. He lapped the field with three others: Rob Hayles; Ashley Hutchinson of Australia; and James McCallum of Scotland. He then beat these in the sprint to win gold for the Isle of Man. The race time was 23m 5s, an average 51.9 kilometres per hour (32.2 mph). His success at the Tour of Berlin led to a post as a "stagiare" with T-Mobile from August until the end of the season. His best result for T-Mobile in 2006 was in the Tour of Britain, where he came second three times and won the points classification. It brought a full professional contract for 2007 and 2008. Professional career. 2007. Cavendish began 2007 "laboriously", said the daily sports paper, "L'Équipe". It quoted one of Cavendish's team-mates, Roger Hammond: "To be honest, he started the season so catastrophically that the staff were wondering what they could enter Mark for so that he could finish the race.". Cavendish's breakthrough came at the Grote Scheldeprijs race in Belgium, which he won overall after failing to even finish any of his previous races. He went on to win stages at the Four Days of Dunkirk and the Tour of Catalonia Volta a Catalunya, the third oldest cycling stage race in the world, and that brought selection for the 2007 Tour de France, starting in London. He crashed in stages 1 and 2. and abandoned on stage 8 as the race reached the Alps, having taken two top-ten placings but unhappy not to have had a top-five placing. Then the pattern changed. "Everything fell into place," "L'Équipe" said. His debut season continued, moving on to 10 stage wins, one behind Alessandro Petacchi's record 11 for a début season. Cavendish took his 11th win in early October, the Circuit Franco-Belge, to equal Petacchi's record. Among the wins were three in UCI ProTour events, the two in the Volta a Catalunya and one in the Eneco Tour of Benelux. 2008. In 2008, Cavendish returned to the track, winning the Madison World Championships in Manchester with Bradley Wiggins, as Great Britain topped the medal table. On the road, Cavendish won his first stages of a "grand tour", by picking two victories in the 2008 Giro d'Italia. Cavendish won four further stages in the 2008 Tour de France, his first coming in Stage 5 from Cholet to Châteauroux. He won again on Stage 8, Stage 12 and Stage 13, making him the first British rider to collect four stages in a single Tour. Overnight, at the age of just 22, he became the "fourth most successful British professional in history", said "The Independent". After Stage 14, Cavendish abandoned the Tour to concentrate on the Beijing Olympics. He and Team Columbia manager Bob Stapleton agreed that riding the Alps was a risk to his hopes. But Cavendish, with Bradley Wiggins, failed to win a medal, finishing joint eighth in the madison. He was the only British track cyclist not to win a medal. Following the Olympics, Cavendish remained angry with British Cycling for not giving much attention to the madison, though Chris Boardman said that Cavendish's professional commitments also interfered with his build up to the Olympics. In November 2008, Cavendish said that he had no further plans to return to track cycling. The rest of his season was also successful, with a total of eleven further race wins, including three each at the Tour of Ireland which he abandoned on the final day, and the Tour of Missouri, winning his only points classification of the season at the latter. At the Tour de Romandie, Cavendish won the prologue time-trial, beating compatriot Bradley Wiggins and emphasising his short-distance time-trial abilities. 2009. Cavendish's 2009 season began at the Tour of Qatar, where he renewed his rivalry with Tom Boonen. Boonen won the race and one stage, though Cavendish took two stages; he also won two stages at the Tour of California, again beating Boonen in the sprint finishes. The Tour of California also saw Cavendish win his first points of classification of the 2009 season. Cavendish was a surprise inclusion in the British squad for the 2009 UCI Track Cycling World Championships, where he competed in the Scratch Race and the Madison, failing to pick-up medals in either. He took up the European season at Tirreno–Adriatico, the Italian one-week stage race, where he won one stage. He then entered his first classic race, Milan – San Remo, and, after a week of uncharacteristically humble pre-race statements, rode effectively over the climbs that his rivals had said made this race impossible for him to win - and then tracked down Heinrich Haussler in the last 200 meters to narrowly win the sprint and the race, Cavendish's first victory in a race known as one of the "five monuments of cycling". Cavendish repeated his two-stage victory at the Three Days of De Panne from 2008, also winning the points classification. At the start of the 2009 Giro d'Italia Columbia won the Team Time Trial and he was given the Maglia Rosa leaders jersey, becoming the first British rider to ever wear it. The first 2 road stages however were fruitless for Cavendish, who was beaten to the line by Alessandro Petacchi in the first stage and was caught behind a crash and failed to make it back for the sprint the next day. Cavendish soon asserted his sprinting dominance on the race however, gaining 3 stage wins before abandoning following stage 13, citing a need to rest for beginning preparations for the Tour de France. He continued his preparation by racing the Tour de Suisse. He won both stage 3 and stage 6 to wear the points jersey. However, this was taken off him by Fabian Cancellara. In June he published his first autobiography, "Boy Racer", which covered his career to date. At a press conference in London ahead of the 2009 Tour de France, Cavendish explained that the book was too premature to be seen as a complete biography and that his "biggest motivation for writing it had been to explain himself better" due to the way he perceives himself when performing post-stage interviews. Instead, he felt that the book was "more a biography of last year's Tour stage wins". During the season, Cavendish developed a remarkable partnership with his leadout man, Mark Renshaw. Continuing his run of success, Cavendish won Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 10, Stage 11, Stage 19 and Stage 21 of the 2009 Tour de France. In winning the third stage he became the first Briton to hold the green jersey for two days in a row. Cavendish's win on stage 11 enabled him to reclaim the green jersey from rival Thor Hushovd, and equalled Barry Hoban's British record of eight Tour de France stage wins. However, all the points that Cavendish gained in stage 14 were removed after he was judged to have driven Hushovd too close to barriers on the course. Cavendish said of the protest, which he thought was lodged by Hushovd, that, "Thor either thinks so highly of himself that he thinks I was looking out for him yesterday or he thinks so highly of my team that the only way he can beat us is to complain like that." However, the disqualification was confirmed before Hushovd and his team lodged a protest. Cavendish added that the green jersey was no longer within his reach, and that his main objective was now to finish the race and win the final stage in Paris, which he did. Winning the 19th stage, Cavendish set a new record for Tour de France stage wins by a British rider; afterwards, he said that he was "embarrassed" for his comments about "deserving" green jersey wearer Hushovd. In winning the 21st stage, he lead home a remarkable 1-2 for his team, when his team mate and leadout man, Mark Renshaw, finished second on the Champs-Élysées. Following on from the Tour de France, Cavendish won the Sparkassen Giro Bochum and took part in the Tour of Ireland, winning stage two. On 7 September he recorded the 50th win of his road racing career in a sprint finish in the opening stage of the Tour of Missouri. Before the race he confirmed he will remain with Team Columbia – HTC in 2010, ending speculation linking him with a move to newly created British team, Team Sky. Cavendish retained the leader's jersey by sprinting to victory on stage two but finished fifth on stage three, losing the overall lead to Thor Hushovd, and was forced to withdraw from the race before stage four due to a lung infection. Although selected for the British team for the Men's Road Race at the 2009 UCI Road World Championships, his illness prevented him from taking part. 2010. Following a dental problem, Mark delayed the start of his 2010 season until the 2010 Ruta del Sol, in mid-February. Following the lay off his form was poor, and he failed to defend his victory at the 2010 Milan – San Remo. He was in six minutes after the leaders, down in 89th place. Cavendish's pre-season goals were to win the green jersey in the Tour de France and win the Road Race at the 2010 World Championships. Mark also said that he will race in the 2010 Tour of Flanders but said he will not win it, stating that the Tour of Flanders requires training, but he sees himself winning it in the future. Following a poor start to the season, Cavendish found form at the 2010 Volta a Catalunya, finishing seventh in the opening time-trial and winning stage 2. His team withdrew Cavendish from the Tour of Romandie after he made an offensive gesture after winning the second stage. Missing the 2010 Giro d'Italia, Cavendish instead chose to compete at the 2010 Tour of California starting on 16 May 2010, where he won the first stage for only his third victory of the season. On 15 June Cavendish crashed heavily whilst sprinting in the closing metres of the 4th stage of the Tour of Switzerland, appearing to veer off line and bring down Heinrich Haussler and several other riders, raising criticism from other teams regarding his riding style. Cavendish entered the 2010 Tour de France. During Stage 1, Cavendish crashed out of the final sprint, with just under 3 km remaining in the stage. Overhead camera footage showed Cavendish failing to negotiate a corner after entering too fast and turning too late. He then leaned his shoulder into a fellow rider as he travelled away from the apex. Cavendish returned to form by winning the Stage 5, Stage 6, Stage 11, Stage 18 and Stage 20, bringing his career total to 15 stage wins. He ended up second in the points classification, 11 points behind Alessandro Petacchi. Cavendish's next race was the 2010 Vuelta a España, in which his team won the opening team time trial. Cavendish crossed the line first and took the leader's jersey. He could only place second or third on the subsequent sprint stages, but returned to form later in the race winning stages 12, 13, 18 and the green jersey points classification. Personality. Cavendish has been described as confident, even arrogant. He said: Outside races, he is seen differently. said Brian Holm, his directeur sportif. Hans Krebs Sir Hans Adolf Krebs (, ; 25 August 1900 – 22 November 1981) was a German Jewish scientist who became a naturalised British citizen. He was a physician and biochemist. Krebs researched metabolism. He is famous because he discovered the urea cycle and the citric acid cycle (also called the "Krebs Cycle"). Krebs won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for this, in 1953. Early years. Krebs was born in Hildesheim, Germany. His mother was Alma Davidson. His father was Georg Krebs. Georg Krebs was an ear, nose, and throat doctor. Education. Krebs studied medicine at the University of Göttingen and the University of Freiburg from 1918–1923. He earned his Ph.D. at the University of Hamburg in 1925. Next, he studied chemistry in Berlin for one year. In Berlin, he helped Otto Warburg at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology until 1930. Career. Krebs worked as a doctor in the Altona hospital and at the University of Freiburg. At the University of Freiburg he researched the urea cycle. Because he was Jewish, Krebs could not be a doctor in Germany. In 1933 he moved to England. He worked at Cambridge with Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins. In Cambridge he researched biochemistry. In 1945 he became a Professor (teacher) at the University of Sheffield. In 1954 he became a professor in Oxford. After his retirement, Krebs continued work at the Radcliffe Infirmary until his death. He was a fellow of Trinity College in Oxford. Honors. In 1953 Krebs received the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the citric acid cycle". He was knighted in 1958. Krebs was elected Honorary Fellow of Girton College, Cambridge University in 1979. Personal life. In 1938, Krebs married Margaret Cicely Fieldhouse. They had three children: two boys and a girl. His son John Krebs was an ornithologist (scientist who studies birds) and member of the House of Lords. His other son was called Paul. His daughter was Helen. Krebs died in Oxford, England in 1981. Gabriel Narutowicz Gabriel Narutowicz (born 17 March 1865 – 16 December 1922) was a Polish politician. He was born in Telšiai and died in Warsaw. The Minister of Foreign Affairs and first President of Poland. He was assassinated by a painter in an art gallery that supported Narutowicz's political enemies. Mechanical advantage Mechanical advantage (also written as MA in formulas) is the factor by which a machine multiplies force. The mechanical advantage of a machine can be used to find out how well a machine works and whether it can perform a particular job. The mechanical advantage of a machine is the ratio of the load (the resistance overcome by a machine) to the effort (the force applied). For an ideal (without friction) mechanism, it is also equal to: There is no unit for mechanical advantages since the unit for both input and output forces cancel out. Ideal vs actual mechanical advantage. There are two types of mechanical advantage: ideal and actual. "Ideal mechanical advantage" (also written as IMA) assumes that no power is lost by friction or other causes. This means the power of the input (load) should equal the power of the output (effort). So, force times speed of the input should equal force times speed of the output. You can calculate ideal mechanical advantage without measuring the forces. It is the distance over which effort is applied, divided by the distance over which the load is moved. In reality, there is friction, so some of the power is lost. The "actual mechanical advantage" (also written as AMA) is always less than ideal. To calculate actual mechanical advantage, you must measure the forces. Then divide the output force by the input force. The "mechanical efficiency" is the ratio of the actual mechanical advantage to the ideal mechanical advantage. It is also written as η, the Greek letter eta. Jefferson Station (SEPTA) Jefferson Station is a SEPTA station in the Market East neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Its official SEPTA address is 12th and Filbert streets. Of the three Center City stations on the SEPTA system, Jefferson Station is located the farthest east. It is part of the Center City Commuter Connection. Opened in November 1984, the station replaced the Reading Terminal, which had closed on November 6, 1984. Jefferson Station cost $75 million to build, and is owned and maintained by SEPTA. The station used to be called Market East Station but the name changed to Jefferson Station on September 4, 2014 after Thomas Jefferson University Hospital paid $4 million to have the station named for them. The station is wide and two blocks long. The tracks are below the street. 30th Street Station 30th Street Station is a major Amtrak and SEPTA station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is part of the Center City Commuter Connection. It is on the Northeast Corridor. Center City Commuter Connection The Center City Commuter Connection is an underground train tunnel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It connects the core SEPTA stations Jefferson Station, Suburban Station, and 30th Street Station. The stations connect the networks of rail previously operated by the Reading Railroad and Pennsylvania Railroad. Suburban Station Suburban Station is one of the core SEPTA Regional Rail stations in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is part of the Center City Commuter Connection. It is at 16th Street and JFK Boulevard. It was built by the Pennsylvania Railroad to replace the old Broad Street Station. It officially opened on September 28, 1930. Suburban Station originally had eight tracks and four platforms, until the Center City Commuter Connection extended the tracks to the newer Jefferson Station. It also added another platform. The Shaggs The Shaggs were an American all-female rock group formed in Fremont, New Hampshire in 1968. The band was composed of sisters Dorothy "Dot" Wiggin (vocals/lead guitar), Betty Wiggin (vocals/rhythm guitar), Helen Wiggin (drums), and later Rachel Wiggin (bass). The sisters' father, Austin Wiggin, made Dot, Betty and Helen start a band. When Austin was young, his mother had predicted that Austin would have daughters who would be part of a famous music group. The band's only studio album, "Philosophy of the World", was released in 1969. The album was not very well-known, though the band's live performances were popular in their local area. The Shaggs disbanded in 1975 after the death of Austin. Helen Wiggin died in 2006. The widow of Austin Wiggin, Jr., Annie Wiggin, died in 2005. Random forest Random forest is a statistical algorithm that is used to cluster points of data in functional groups. When the data set is large and/or there are many variables it becomes difficult to cluster the data because not all variables can be taken into account, therefore the algorithm can also give a certain chance that a data point belongs in a certain group. Steps of the algorithm. This is how the clustering takes place. Using the algorithm. In a random forest algorithm the number of trees grown (ntree) and the number of variables that are used at each split (mtry) can be chosen by hand; example settings are 500 trees, 71 variables. Cambrian explosion The Cambrian explosion is when many animal phyla first appeared in the fossil record. It happened 541 million years ago (mya). Probably most had evolved before then, but that was their first appearance as fossils. Before about 580 mya it seems that most organisms were simple. They were made of individual cells, occasionally organized into colonies. Over the following 70 or 80 million years the rate of evolution seemed to accelerate. By the end of the Cambrian most phyla we know today existed. The Cambrian explosion has caused much scientific debate. The seemingly rapid appearance of fossils in the 'primordial strata' was noted as early as the mid 19th century, and Charles Darwin saw it as one of the main objections that could be made against his theory of evolution by natural selection. Key issues. The long-running puzzlement about the appearance of the Cambrian fauna, seemingly abruptly and from nowhere, centres on three key points: Understanding it is difficult because the supply of evidence is limited. The evidence is an incomplete fossil record, and chemical signatures left in Cambrian rocks. Large-scale evolution. The Cambrian explosion is the classic example of megaevolution. By that is not meant a different kind of evolution; rather, it means evolution which produces a tremendous effect. The word 'macroevolution' is used because the changes were really big. Duration. The Cambrian explosion started in the Ediacaran from about 575 mya, and continued to the Burgess Shale at about 507 mya. That is about 70 million years. By the end all modern phyla had evolved, and since then no new phyla have appeared in the fossil record. This is one of the things that need to be explained. Life a billion years ago. Stromatolites, stubby pillars built by colonies of cyanobacteria and other microorganisms, are the first fossils. Their record starts about 3.5 billion years ago, and they were very common from about 2700 mya. They declined steeply after about 1250 mya, and this decline was probably caused by grazing and burrowing animals. Precambrian marine diversity was dominated by small fossils known as acritarchs. This term describes almost any small organic walled fossilfrom the egg cases of small metazoans to resting cysts of many different kinds of green algae. After appearing around 2000 mya, acritarchs had a boom around 1000 mya, increasing in number, diversity, size, complexity of shape and especially size and number of spines. Their increasingly spiny forms in the last billion years may indicate an increased need for defence against predation. Other groups of small organisms from the Neoproterozoic era also show signs of anti-predator defences. Measuring taxon longevity seems to show an increase in predation around this time. However, in general, the rate of evolution in the Precambrian was very slow, with many cyanobacterial species lasting unchanged for billions of years. Of course, bacteria are defined mainly by their biochemistry, especially their genomes. Changes in their biochemistry would usually leave no trace in the fossil record. If the predatory organisms which grazed on bacteria and acritarchs really were metazoans, this means that Cambrian animals did not appear "from nowhere" at the base of the Cambrian; their ancestors had existed for hundreds of millions of years. San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) is one of the largest nuclear generating stations in the U.S. It is at the north of San Diego County, California. It has two active 1,100-megawatt units. It began operation in 1968. Benefits. SONGS is the region’s largest power source with 2,200 megawatts of output. That is enough power for 1.4 million average Southern California homes. Seismic safety. The station is built to withstand a magnitude 7.0 earthquake. A geological fault that might cause a tsunami and threaten the plant is about 5 miles offshore. Tomáš Vokoun Tomáš Vokoun (born 2 July 1976 in Karlovy Vary, Czechoslovakia) is an Czech retired professional ice hockey goaltender. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Montreal Canadiens, Nashville Predators, Florida Panthers, Washington Capitals and Pittsburgh Penguins. He was selected 226th overall by the Montreal Canadiens in the 1994 NHL Entry Draft. He also played for the Montreal Canadiens in 1996 and for the Nashville Predators from 1998 to 2006 before being traded to the Florida Panthers for a first-round selection in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft, a second-round selection in the 2007 draft (number 58) and a conditional second-round selection in either 2007 or 2008. After 4 seasons with the Panthers, Vokoun signed a one-year contract with the Washington Capitals on 2 July 2011. He played 1 season with the Capitals and was traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins for a 7th round pick at the 2012 NHL Entry Draft. He also played in the ECHL with the Wheeling Thundbirds. He retired from playing professional ice hockey on 15 December 2014. He won a bronze medal with the Czech Republic's national ice hockey team in 2006. K.S.V. Oudenaarde Koninklijke Sport Vereniging Oudenaarde is a Belgian team from Oudenaarde. The team was founded in 1919. Juno (movie) Juno is a 2007 American teen comedy-drama movie set in Minnesota. It was written by Diablo Cody and directed by Jason Reitman. It starred Elliot Page as Juno MacGuff, a teenage girl who becomes pregnant by her best friend (who is played by Michael Cera). The movie made $231 million around the world. Social impact. In the movie, Juno MacGuff thinks about getting an abortion and goes to an abortion clinic, but chooses not to. Both people who think abortion should be legal and people who think it should not be legal thought that the movie supported their views. Reitman said that he did not try to put a political message in the movie. Reception. "Juno" got good reviews from most movie critics who saw it. 93% of the critics listed on RottenTomatoes.com gave the movie a good review. "Juno" won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. Masatoshi Hamada Masatoshi Hamada (born May 11, 1963 in Naniwa-ku, Osaka) is an Japanese comedian, actor and director. Hamada is probably best known for being one-half of the comedy duo Downtown also with member Hitoshi Matsumoto. While apart of Downtown, Hamada and Matsumoto made two television shows, Downtown no Gaki no Tsukai ya Arahende!! and Hey! Hey! Hey! Music Champ. He also voiced Japanese dubs of the characters "Shrek" in the Shrek series, "Buck the Diesel" in Thomas and Friends and "Slowking" in . He is married to his wife Natsumi Ogawa and they have two children. Youth in Revolt (movie) Youth in Revolt is a 2009 American comedy movie based on C.D. Payne's novel and directed by Miguel Arteta. It was released on January 8, 2010 at the Deauville American Film Festival in September 2009. The movie received positive reviews with a 69% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 63 out of 100 from Metacritic. Hugo Theorell Axel Hugo Theodor Theorel (6 July 1903 – 15 August 1982) was an Swedish scientist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1955 for his discoveries on the oxidation enzyme and its effects. Theorell died in Stockholm in 1982. Werner Arber Werner Arber (born 3 June 1929) is a Swiss microbiologist and geneticist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1978 for his discovery of restriction endonucleases which he shared with Daniel Nathans and Hamilton O. Smith. Arber as one of 20 Nobel Laureates who signed the "Stockholm memorandum" at the 3rd Nobel Laureate Symposium on Global Sustainability in Stockholm, Sweden on 18 May 2011. Elliot Page Elliot Page (born February 21, 1987) is a Canadian actor. Page was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for his role in "Juno", in which he played a pregnant teenager. Page has also starred in movies including "Hard Candy", "Whip It", and "Inception". Page is from Halifax, Nova Scotia. Personal life. On February 14, 2014, Page came out as gay, and has been a well-known advocate of the LGBTQ community. He was married to dancer Emma Portner from 2018 to 2021. In December 2020, he came out as transgender and uses he/they pronouns. Seward Peninsula The Seward Peninsula is a large peninsula on the western coast of the U.S. state of Alaska. It sticks out about into the Bering Sea. It is just below the Arctic Circle. The peninsula is about long and wide. The town of Seward, Alaska is actually not on the Seward Peninsula. It is much further south, on the Kenai Peninsula. The Seward Peninsula was once part of the Bering land bridge. This was a strip of land that used to exist that connected Alaska with Siberia with mainland Alaska. It existed millions of years ago during a time called the Pleistocene Ice Age. People, animals, and plants all came across the land bridge into North America. Archaeologists have found proof that Inupiat Eskimos have been living there for thousands of years. Demographics. The Peninsula does not have a lot of people today. There are no roads going there. The largest town is Nome. There are about 3,000 people there. The next largest town, Shishmaref, has only 607 people. Most of the other towns there have only a few hundred people. Some old mining towns there have no people left at all and have become ghost towns. Geography and ecology. The "Devil Mountain Lakes" are on the Seward Peninsula. They are a kind of lake called a "maar" which is made by a volcano. The Devil Mountain Lakes are the biggest lakes like this in the whole world. There are four mountain ranges on the peninsula, the biggest ones are the Kigluaik (or Sawtooth) Mountains. The highest point on peninsula is the peak of Mount Osborn. Other mountain ranges on the Seward Peninsula include the Bendeleben Mountains, Darby Mountains, and York Mountains. There is also a big lava flow called "The Lost Jim Lava Flow". Several hot springs are located throughout the peninsula as well. The Seward Peninsula has several rivers. The rivers are important to the people who live there for several reasons. One reason is that they can catch fish to eat in them. Another reason is that they can travel by boat since there no roads. That way they can get to other towns on the river or to places where there are animals to hunt. Finding food is important there because there are not a lot of stores and it costs a lot of money to take food that far in an airplane or boat. The rivers freeze in the wintertime. The most common kind of tree there is called a black spruce. It is a kind of pine tree. "Cape Prince of Wales" is on the Peninsula. No other part of the mainland of North America is further west. It is only from Russia. The peninsula was named after William H. Seward. He was the United States Secretary of State made the deal with Russia to let the United States buy Alaska from them in 1867. Ramon Harewood Ramon Harewood (born February 3, 1987 in St. Michael, Barbados) is an Barbadian-American football offensive tackle for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). Harewood was drafted out of Morehouse College by the Baltimore Ravens with the 194th overall pick in the 6th round of the 2010 NFL Draft. President of the Swiss Confederation The President of the Swiss Confederation is the chair of the Federal Council of Switzerland and is the first amongst equals of councillors of the executive branch of the Swiss government. Role. Under the Swiss constitution of 1999, the Federal Council is the "highest executive authority". Although the president of the confederation has some extra duties to represent Switzerland, he is not the head of state. All decisions are that a head of state would make are decided by a meeting of the Federal Council. For example, treaties are signed on behalf of the Federal Council, and all members of the federal council sign the "letters of credence" to introduce ambassadors sent by Switzerland to a foreign country. All ambassadors sent by a foreign country to Switzerland meet all of the members of the Federal Council, not just the President. The President of the Confederation is sometimes called the "primus inter pares" (first equal) in the Federal Council. Only three other countries in the world do not have one person as a head of state, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Andorra and San Marino. List of presidents of the Swiss Confederation. 1848-1900. Jonas Furrer Henri Druey Josef Munzinger Jonas Furrer W.M. Naeff Friedrich-Frey Herose Jonas Furrer Melchior Josef Martin Knusel Jakob Stampfli Constant Fornerod Jakob Dubs Karl Schenk Melchior Josef Martin Knusel Constant Fornerod Jakob Dubs Karl Schenk Emil Welti J.J. Scherer Emil Welti Joachim Heer Karl Schenk Bernard Hammer Emil Welti Numa Droz Simeon Bavier Louis Ruchonnet Emil Welti Adolf Deucher Numa Droz Wilhelm Hertenstein Bernard Hammer Louis Ruchonnet Emil Welti Walter Hauser Karl Schenk Emil frey Josef Zemp Adrien Lachenal Adolf Deucher eugene ruffy Eduard Muller 1900–1999. <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> 2000–present. <br> <br> <br> <br> Van Diemen Gulf Van Diemen Gulf () is a gulf between Arnhem Land, the Cobourg Peninsula and Melville Island in northern Australia. It joins the Timor Sea in the west by the Clarence Strait near the city of Darwin. It joins the Arafura Sea in the north by Dundas Strait between Melville Island and Cobourg Peninsula. It covers an area of about 14,000 km². Rivers flowing into the Gulf include the South Alligator River, the East Alligator River and the Adelaide River. Abel Tasman mapped the northern entrance to the Gulf, Dundas Strait, in 1644. The Gulf is named after the Dutch Governor of Batavia, Anthony Van Diemen. The waters in the Gulf near the Cobourg Peninsula are protected by the Garig Gunak Barlu National Park. HTC-Highroad HTC-Highroad ("UCI team code:"THR) is a professional cycling team competing in international road bicycle races. Their current title sponsor is HTC Corporation, a Taiwanese maker of Smartphones. High Road Sports is the management company of team manager Bob Stapleton. Past title sponsors include Columbia Sportswear and Deutsche Telekom. The team was set up in 1991 as Team Telekom, sponsored by Deutsche Telekom. In 2004 their name changed to the T-Mobile-Team. It has 29 riders, 9 physiotherapists or nurses, 9 mechanics and service persons, and has 22 partners. The team is managed by Bob Stapleton and Rolf Aldag. Former leaders include Olaf Ludwig, Walter Godefroot and Eddy Vandenhecke (managers), Luuc Eisenga (spokesperson) and Brian Holm, Valerio Piva (sports directors). History. Team beginnings: 1988 – 1991. At the end of 1988, former World Champion Hennie Kuiper set up a German cycling team that was sponsored by the city of Stuttgart and rode on Eddy Merckx cycles. The team was called "Stuttgart-Merckx-Gonsor" for the 1989 season and had nine riders (which included Udo Bölts). At that time when there were no German cycling teams and the country's main cycling event, the Rund um den Henninger Turm had not been won by a German since Rudi Altig in 1970. During its first year of existence team rider Dariusc Kajzer brought the team its first success in the National Road Race Championships in Germany. The team became "Stuttgart-Mercedes-Merckx-Puma" in 1990 and Bölts continued the success of the team by becoming road race champion of Germany. Team Telekom: 1991 – 2004. Deutsche Telekom came in as the main sponsor in 1991 and the team was known as "Telekom-Mercedes-Merckx-Puma". According to an interview with Godefroot, it was Bölts’ 17th place at the 1991 Vuelta a España that prompted him to accept the Telekom management’s offer to take over the running of the team. Godefroot signed several riders including Classics specialist and 1991 Paris–Roubaix winner Marc Madiot. Bölts who was involved with the team since its beginnings in 1989 stayed with the team until 2003, continued building on the successes of the team by winning stage 19, the Queen stage of the 1992 Giro d'Italia. Jens Heppner continued this with his tenth place overall at the 1992 Tour de France. The Telekom team signed all the promising cyclists that were coming from Germany at that time and who were becoming successful. These included Jens Heppner and Christian Henn in 1992, Erik Zabel, Rolf Aldag and Steffen Wesemann in 1993 and Jan Ullrich in 1994. Many of these riders would ride for more than ten years with the team. Olaf Ludwig also signed in 1993 and finished his career with the team. In 1994, Zabel won the first UCI Road World Cup victory in the history of the team, the Paris–Tours. In 1993 the team again achieved success in the national championship road race in Germany. This was the start of the team’s 11 year domination and possession of the German champion’s jersey. Many of the successful team riders that spent many years of their career with Telekom would become German national champions – Bernd Gröne in 1993, Jens Heppner in 1994, Bölts in 1990, 1995 and 1999, Christian Henn in 1996, Jan Ullrich in 1997 and 2001, Erik Zabel in 1998 and 2003, Rolf Aldag in 2000, Danilo Hondo in 2002 and finally Andreas Klöden in 2004. The team soon became an important presence on the international cycling stage. However the team was not invited to the 1995 Tour de France. Eventually the organisers of the Tour agreed that six Telekom members, namely Rolf Aldag, Udo Bölts, Jens Heppner, Vladimir Pulnikov, Erik Zabel and Olaf Ludwig, would be joined with three members of the ZG Mobili to form a composite team. Zabel went on to win two stages in the race. The next two years saw the international breakthrough of the team. Godefroot brought in Danish rider Bjarne Riis, the third place finisher of the 1995 Tour and he went on to win the 1996 Tour de France, with the then 22-year old German support rider Jan Ullrich finishing in second place. In addition, Zabel won the first of six green jerseys for winning the points competition. Bolts won the Clásica de San Sebastián and Wesemann won his second and the first of four wins with the Telekom team of the famous stage race the Peace Race. The 1997 Tour de France saw the emergence of Ullrich as he won the race with support from Riis, who in turn had won the World Cup race Amstel Gold Race earlier in 1997. Team Telekom also won the team classification, as the overall strongest team of the 1997 Tour. In addition, Bolts won the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré, Zabel won Milan – San Remo for the first of four times with the team. Ullrich also won the Championships of Hamburg semi-classic. The following year this race was elevated to the status of World Cup. In addition the Deutschland Tour returned in 1999 – evidence of the continuing popularity of cycling in Germany at the time. While Ullrich had a crash in the race and was forced to retire, Team Telekom did win the first edition of the race with Heppner and would win the race again with Alexander Vinokourov in 2001. Ullrich finished second in the 1998 Tour de France but went on to win the 1999 Vuelta a España, although he missed the 1999 Tour de France due to a knee injury. After winning the Vuelta, Ullrich became World time trial champion which enabled him to wear the rainbow jersey during time trials. He would win this again in 2001. The next year, Zabel won the overall World Cup victory, having won the Milan – San Remo and Amstel Gold Race, while Ullrich placed second again in the 2000 Tour de France to Lance Armstrong. Ullrich won the gold medal in the Olympic road race and the silver medal in the Olympic time trial. In 2001, Zabel won Milan – San Remo for the fourth time. Ullrich came in second in the 2001 Tour de France, while Zabel won six stages combined in the 2001 Tour and Vuelta. Kazakh rider Alexandre Vinokourov won the Paris–Nice stage race in 2002, a feat he would duplicate in 2003, also winning the Amstel Gold Race and Tour de Suisse that year. As Ullrich left the team to form Team Bianchi in 2003, Vinokourov became team leader for the 2003 Tour de France. He finished in third place, just below the second placed Ullrich. Zabel won the 2003 Paris–Tours, while Italian rider Daniele Nardello took the Züri-Metzgete. The team had a continuous presence at the top of the professional peloton and continued to sign the emerging German cyclists of the times with Andreas Klöden in 1998, Jörg Jaksche in 1999, Matthias Kessler in 2000 and Stefan Schumacher in 2002 to name but a few. In addition the team signed many successful non-German riders such as Georg Totschnig, Alexander Vinokourov, Cadel Evans, Santiago Botero and Paolo Savoldelli. Film: Hell on Wheels – 2003 Tour de France from perspective of then-Team Telekom. In 2005 a film titled "Hell on Wheels" was released. It is a record of the 100th anniversary (but only the 90th running because of World War I and World War II) of the Tour de France in 2003 from the perspective of the then-Team Telekom. T-Mobile: 2004 – November 2007. From 2004, the team changed its name to T-Mobile. Jan Ullrich returned to the team. The team achieved a great number of success, among which was Steffan Wesemanns win in the Ronde van Vlaanderen. Coming up to the 2004 Tour de France, Kloden became German road race champion and Ullrich won the Tour de Suisse and raced the 2004 Tour de France as team leader, while Vinokourov did not ride the Tour de France for the team. Jan Ullrich finished fourth, while Andreas Klöden was the best placed rider of the team in second place. T-Mobile Team won the team classification, as the overall strongest team of the 2004 Tour. In the spring season of 2005, Vinokourov won the Liège–Bastogne–Liège classic race. Ullrich, as the team leader, finished 3rd overall in the 2005 Tour de France. Alexandre Vinokourov rode in support, and finished fifth as he won two stages, including the final stage on the Champs-Elysees. Italian rider Giuseppe Guerini also won a stage and T-Mobile Team matched their 2004 feat by once again winning the team classification in 2005. Zabel won the Paris–Tours for the third time at the end of the season. In July 2005, during the 2005 Tour, Vinokourov's contract was running out and people wondered if he was to stay with T-Mobile. With four days left of the 2005 Tour, he made an announcement that he would leave the team to pursue his own chances of winning the Tour de France as a team captain and after the Tour he joined the Liberty Seguros team. After 13 years with Team Telekom and T-Mobile Team, Erik Zabel also left in 2005 to ride for the newly formed Team Milram. Before the 2006 season, Walter Godefroot stepped down and Olaf Ludwig became the new T-Mobile team manager. Doping scandals: 2006 – 2007. In the most controversial scandal since the 1998 tour, thirteen riders were expelled from the 2006 Tour de France stemming from a Spanish doping scandal, on the eve of Strasbourg prologue to the 93rd edition. Jan Ullrich, one of the favorites to win the race, was among those excluded from the Tour. Another T-Mobile rider, Oscar Sevilla, was also expelled, leaving the team starting with only seven riders. On 9 July, the team announced the dismissal of its sporting director, Rudy Pevenage, for his implication with former Tour de France winner Jan Ullrich in a Spanish blood doping scandal. "The contract linking T-Mobile to Pevenage has been retrospectively stopped on 30 June," the team's general manager, Olaf Ludwig, said. On July 21, 2006, T-Mobile fired Jan Ullrich from the team pending the doping investigation. At the 2006 Tour de France, T-Mobile won the team classification for the third consecutive year, Andreas Klöden reached the podium (3rd place) for the second time, Matthias Kessler won Stage 3, Serhiy Honchar won two individual time trials (Stages 7 and 19) and wore the yellow jersey for 3 days (after Stages 7–9). After the Tour de France, the team completely changed; Team manager Olaf Ludwig left the team and was replaced by Bob Stapleton. Rolf Aldag, Allan Peiper and Tristan Hoffman became directeur sportifs. As already discussed Ullrich, Sevilla and Pevenage were dismissed from the team. Several riders who had been with the team for a long time such as Steffen Wesemann, Andreas Klöden and Matthias Kessler left or their contracts were not extended. Jörg Ludewig was put on suspension and his contract was not increased in connection with intention to dope previously in his career and before he joined T-Mobile. Eddy Mazzoleni who was in his first year for the team would also leave. The contracts of Bram Schmitz and Bas Gilling were not renewed. Dr. Lothar Heinrich, the team doctor since 1995, and Dr. Andreas Schmid set up a new comprehensive testing system. Following the revelations that came out of the Operación Puerto investigation, Heinrich allegedly nearly quit the sport but instead he joined with Stapleton and other team staff to create a new system of internal controls and health checks that he insisted would demonstrate that T-Mobile riders were clean and to restore credibility to the sport. In May 2007, several former riders admitted using banned substances (including EPO) while riding for the team in the mid 1990s, including Erik Zabel, Rolf Aldag, Brian Holm, Bjarne Riis, Bert Dietz, Udo Bölts and Christian Henn including the seasons in which Riis and Ullrich won the Tour de France. Team doctors Andreas Schmid and Lothar Heinrich also confessed to participating and administering banned substances. The latter was Team Telekom's sporting director until May 3, 2007 when he was suspended following allegations published in former team member Jef d'Hont's book. In an effort to present a renewed image the team brought a young team to the 2007 Tour de France, and promoted a drug-free attitude and image. Despite this, team member Patrik Sinkewitz tested positive for elevated testosterone during a training camp. The test results were only announced when Sinkiewitz had dropped out of the Tour because of injury. He was still in hospital when he was suspended from Team T-Mobile, and was dismissed on 31 July 2007. Team High Road: November 2007 – June 2008. In November 2007, Deutsche Telekom AG announced that it was to end sponsorship of professional cycling with immediate effect. The team continued under the name "Team High Road" through June 2008. The team changed nationality in February 2008, switching from Germany to the United States. The team continued thanks to funding solely from the team owner Bob Stapleton, as the team did not have enough time to gather sponsors for the new year. The team had a successful start to the year with Luxembourg rider Kim Kirchen winning the classic La Flèche Wallonne. Results like this and also High-Road's performance at the Giro d'Italia helped the team secure a sponsor for the end of the year Team Columbia and Team Columbia-High Road: July 2008 – June 2009. On June 15, 2008 Columbia Sportswear announced a three year sponsorship of the team beginning on July 5, the start of the Tour de France. The team's new name is "Team Columbia". The sponsorship includes both the men's and women's teams. The announcement of this new deal with Columbia coincided with a highly successful Tour, in which the team won 5 individual stages (four of which went to British sprinter Mark Cavendish) as well as team leader Kim Kirchen leading the general classification in the Tour de France for four days in addition to leading the points classification in the Tour de France. The team capped off a successful 2008 by finishing second to Team CSC in the CQ Team Ranking. Team Columbia-HTC: June 2009 – January 2010 & Team HTC-Columbia: January 2010 –. On June 29, 2009 HTC announced a three year sponsorship of the team beginning with the 2009 Tour de France. The team's new name is "Team Columbia-HTC." Like the Columbia Sportswear sponsorship, the HTC sponsorship includes both the men's and women's teams. The team enjoyed great success at the 2009 Tour de France with Mark Cavendish winning 6 stages over the course of the 3 weeks. The most memorable of these was his victory on the Champs-Élysées in Paris where he won by a huge margin; almost 30m, with his own lead out man, Mark Renshaw having enough time to come in 2nd with his arms raised. A documentary film called Chasing Legends was later released that covered the 2009 tour through the eyes of HTC-Columbia. August proved a very good month for Norwegian allrounder Edvald Boasson Hagen, with two stage wins and a podium finish in the Tour of Poland and two more stage wins and the GC win in the Eneco Tour. After stage wins in the other two Grand Tours of 2009, it took the team only three days to win yet another in the Vuelta, where Gregory Henderson took home the flowers. Despite its many successes, Team Columbia does not seem to be able to afford as many top riders as they have, and due to their many victories, a lot of riders were targeted by other teams for the 2010 season. Notable riders such as Kim Kirchen, Edvald Boasson Hagen, Michael Barry, George Hincapie and Thomas Lövkvist elected to leave the team. As replacements, a lot of young talented riders, such as Jan Ghyselinck, Rasmus Guldhammer and Martin and Peter Velits, were contracted. On October 17, 2010 Team Columbia HTC announced a tie up with Specialized for 2011 and beyond. Specialized will supply the team‘s frames, forks, and helmets. The men will race the S-Works Tarmac for most road races, the S-Works Roubaix for cobbled classics, and the Shiv TT in time trials. The all-new S-Works Prevail and TT3 helmets will protect the riders in road and TT applications, respectively. Team roster. As of January 1, 2011. National Championships. 2008. National championships in 2008: 2009. National championships in 2009: Genetic code The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) is translated into proteins by living cells. Biological decoding is done by the ribosome. This links amino acids together in an order specified by mRNA. It uses transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to carry amino acids and to read the mRNA. The molecules read the mRNA three nucleotides at a time. These nucleotide triplets are called codons. A codon specifies which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis. There are some exceptions, but usually a three-nucleotide codon represents a single amino acid. The genetic code among all organisms is very similar. It can be expressed in a simple table with 64 entries. The genetic code decides the protein sequence for a given coding region (gene). Other regions in the genome can influence when and where these proteins are produced. Altricial Altricial, meaning "requiring care", refers to a group or kind of creature that is incapable of moving around on its own soon after hatching or being born. The word is derived from the Latin root "alere" meaning "to nurse, to rear, or to nourish", which means that young has to be taken care of for a long time before it can overcome its helplessness. Birds or mammals which need much less care after birth are called precocial, meaning they are precocious. Glen Matlock Glen Matlock (born 27 August 1956) is the first bassist of the British punk group Sex Pistols. He left the group in 1977, because he "liked the Beatles", legend being "thrown out". Matlock was replaced by John Ritchie, also known as Sid Vicious. In May 2010 it was announced that Matlock would be a member of a reunion of The Faces, scheduled to play at the Vintage at Goodwood festival in London in August 2010. He has spoken publicly against Brexit. Cockfosters tube station Cockfosters is a London Underground station on the Piccadilly Line. It is the line's northern terminus. The station is on Cockfosters Road (A111), and is about 9 miles from central London. The station serves Cockfosters in the London Borough of Barnet, but it is actually a short distance away, across the borough boundary in the neighbouring London Borough of Enfield. The station is in Travelcard Zone 5. The next station southeast is Oakwood. Villi Villi (singular is "villus") are small, finger-like structures in the small intestine. They help to absorb digested food. Each villus has microvilli which increase the surface area of the intestinal walls. A larger surface area allows nutrients to be taken in more quickly. The food (proteins, fats and carbohydrates) has already been broken down by enzymes called proteases, lipases and amylases. The amino acids and sugars (breakdown molecules of proteins and carbohydrates) go first into the blood stream. Then they are processed by the liver, which acts like a chemical factory for the body. Lipid substances (such as cholesterol) go first into the lymphatic system, and eventually into the blood stream and the liver. Statius Publius Papinius Statius ( 45 – 96 A.D.) was a Roman poet born in Naples, Italy. Published in 92 A.D., his major epic was called "Thebaid". It has the same theme as the Seven Against Thebes, a play by Aeschylus, the fight of seven city states against Thebes. He also wrote poems for different occasions. These poems are known as "Silvae" today. They show what the life at the court of Domitian was like. Even though he is not well-known today, he was better known during his time. He also appears in "The Divine Comedy". 2011 Myanmar earthquake The 2011 Myanmar earthquake was a 6.8 magnitude earthquake on March 24 in Shan State, Myanmar. Its hypocenter was deep. It had two aftershocks, one of magnitude 4.8, another at magnitude 5.4. The quake's epicenter was from the northern Thai city of Chiang Rai, north of Mae Sai and southeast of Kentung. Casualties. "The Bangkok Post" reported on 27 March 2011, that the death toll was "over 150", which is double the official figure of 75. 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954 movie) 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea is a 1954 movie directed by Richard Fleischer. It is about a man who goes on a discovery all over the world with Captain Nemo. It stars Kirk Douglas as Ned Land, James Mason as Captain Nemo, Paul Lukas as Professor Pierre Aronnax, and Peter Lorre as Conseil. It was the first science fiction movie produced by Walt Disney Productions. It was the only science fiction movie produced by Walt Disney himself. It was also the first feature length Disney movie to be distributed by Buena Vista Distribution. The movie has become the best-known adaptation of the book of the same name by Jules Verne. It is cited as an early example of the steampunk genre. Black market The black market is the trade of goods illegally. Black markets operate outside the normal economy. The black market is different from the so-called Grey market, where goods are traded legally, but outside the common channels. Goods and services traded on the black market include drug and arms trafficking as well as human trafficking and prostitution. In some cases, the goods or services are cheaper than on the normal market, because taxes or production costs do not need to be paid - very often the goods traded were stolen. In other cases, the price on the black market is higher, because the goods are difficult to get, and producing or handling them may be dangerous. Prices in the illegal drug trade are often much higher than for similar but legitimate goods, for these reasons. As with legitimate trade, the economic principles are still that of a market: supply and demand influence the price. Thebes Thebes is the name of two cities: Linda Evans Linda Evans (born November 18, 1942) is an American actress. Career. Born Linda Evenstad in Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.. She began her career making appearances in television series The Adventures of Ozzie & Harriet (1960), Outlaws (1962), The Untouchables (1962). And in 1963 a small role in the movie starring Richard Chamberlain Twilight of Honor (1963), directed by Boris Sagal. She shot to fame starring in the role of Audra Barkley's daughter Barbara Stanwyck in ABC TV Western series The Big Valley. Was unusual that two women staged a western. The series was also starring by Lee Majors, Peter Breck and Richard Long. Evans played Audra Barkley in 112 episodes between 1965 and 1969. In the 70s Linda Evans is co starring in The Klansman (1974), with Lee Marvin - Richard Burton, and directed by Terence Young. And in the action movie starring by Joe Don Baker, Mitchell (1975), directed by Andrew V. McLaglen. In 1980 she co-star and with Steve McQueen in the Western Tom Horn, directed by William Wiard Dynasty. The best role of her career would come in 1981, playing Krystle Carrington wife of billionaire oil tycoon Blake Carrington, John Forsythe in the ABC TV series Dynasty (1981-89). The series was a success and one of the shows most ratings in American television and the world. Linda Evans in 1982 won a Golden Globe as best performance by an Actress in a TV-Series - Drama. Then again be nominated for a Golden Globe, on four occasions 1983, 1984, 1985 and 1986 Linda was also nominated for an Emmy in 1983. References. The Dynasty years: Hollywood television and critical media studies by Jostein Gripsrud New York Magazine Nov 22, 1982 PHP License The PHP License is a free software license. It is an open source software license and is the license that the PHP programming language is released under. Steven Hill Steven Hill born Solomon Krakovsky February 24, 1922 – August 23, 2016 was an American actor. Career. Hill was a founder member of the Actor's Studio in 1947. He made his first movie, "A Lady Without Passport", in 1950. In 1952 he reenlisted into the US Navy for two years, and then began concentrating on his acting. In 1955 he co-starred with Kim Stanley and Lloyd Bridges, "The Goddess" directed by John Cromwell. In 1961 a play had caused Hill to rexamine his religion, and he began to follow Orthodox Judaism. As a result he refused to work on Friday evenings or Saturdays, the Jewish Sabbath, and he had to give up his stage career. In 1966. he played the role of Daniel Briggs in the CBS TV series "Mission Impossible". Briggs was the leader of I.M.F. Steven Hill left the series after one season and was replaced by Peter Graves. Hill had refused to work extra time or reshoot scenes on Sabbath. He also took time every day to pray three times. After leaving "Mission Impossible", Hill left acting for 10 years, and moved to a Jewish community in Rockland County, New York where he worked in writing and real estate. Among his works in the 1970s, he played a role in the Abby Mann miniseries "King" (1978) based on the life of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.. The 1980's brought a lot of work to Hill. He performed in movies such as "Eyewitness" (1981), directed by Peter Yates, "Yentl" (1983), starring and directed by Barbra Streisand, "Garbo Talks" (1984) directed by Sidney Lumet, Raw Deal (1986) with Arnold Schwarzenegger, "Legal Eagles" (1986), with Robert Redford and "Heartburn" (1986) with Jack Nicholson. Law & Order. His best known role is that of District Attorney Adam Schiff, in the NBC TV series "Law & Order". He played the character of the District Attorney for 230 episodes, between 1990 and 2000. In 2011, he had a special participation in "". For Law & Order, Hill was nominated for an Emmy in 1998 and 1999. Death. Hill died in Monsey, New York of cancer on August 23, 2016, at the age of 94. References. Series de culto: el otro Hollywood, by Abdessamed Sahali Peter Medawar Sir Peter Brian Medawar OM CBE FRS (28 February 1915 – 2 October 1987) was a British biologist. His work was important to skin grafts and organ transplants. Transplants of skin and organs from other people are usually rejected. This is an action by the immune system. Medawar showed that sometimes this reaction can be avoided, and why. He worked on graft rejection and the discovery of acquired immune tolerance. He was awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, with Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet. Until he was partially disabled by a stroke, Medawar was Director of the National Institute for Medical Research at Mill Hill, London. Achievements. Medawar was professor of zoology at the University of Birmingham (1947–51) and University College London (1951–62). In 1962 he was appointed director of the National Institute for Medical Research, and became professor of experimental medicine at the Royal Institution (1977–83), and president of the Royal Postgraduate Medical School (1981–87). Medawar was a scientist of great inventiveness who was interested in many other subjects including opera, philosophy and cricket. He was knighted in 1965, and appointed to the Order of Merit in 1981. Outcome of research. Medawar was awarded his Nobel Prize in 1960 for work in tissue grafting, which is the basis of organ transplants. He and his team discovered "acquired immunological tolerance". At birth, babies are protected by antibodies from the mother. During embryonic life and immediately after birth, immune cells develop. They 'learn' to distinguish between their own tissues on the one hand, and unwanted cells and foreign material on the other. Medawar's work resulted in a shift of emphasis in the science of immunology from one that attempts to deal with the fully developed immunity mechanism to one that attempts to alter the immunity mechanism itself. Various ways have been found to suppress the body's rejection of organ transplants. Books. His books include Werethekau Werethekau is an Egyptian Goddess, credited with supernatural powers. The name "weret hekau" means "great of magic". Werethekau was the god of protection magic, and was often seen with Isis and Ra in the carvings. Joe Don Baker Joe Don Baker (born February 12, 1936) is an American actor. Career. He began his career as a guest on TV series "Honey West" (1965), "Judd for the Defense" (1967), and "Bonanza" (1968) among other. Her first major role was in the western movie, "Guns of the Magnificent Seven" (1969), starring with George Kennedy Baker is known for starring in emblematic action movie in the '70s as "Walking Tall" (1973), which plays the incorruptible sheriff Buford Pusser of Tennessee, the movie was one of the most violent in the '70s and launched Baker star in action movies. His second movie "Charley Varrick" (1973), was directed by Don Siegel. Here he plays a hired killer who should be responsible for eliminating Charley Varrick played by Walter Matthau In the 1980 Baker appeared on television and movies as "The Natural" (1984), "Final Justice" (1985), "The Abduction of Kari Swenson", TV (1987), and the TV series "In the Heat of the Night" (1989) as Chief Tom Dugan. In 1992 he starred as Claude Kersek in charge of guarding Sam Bowden; Nick Nolte, in "Cape Fear" (1991), with Robert De Niro and directed by Martin Scorsese. He also worked in the James Bond movies "The Living Daylights" (1987), "GoldenEye" (1995) and "Tomorrow Never Dies" (1997). One of his last jobs was at "The Dukes of Hazzard" (2005), Baker as Governor Jim Applewhite. 1967 episode Judd For the Defense. Character: Meryl Varney References. Princess of Orange Princess of Orange is the title ("name") used for the women who were married to the Ruling Princes of Orange in the time between 1171 to 1815. Since 1815, it was also used for the wives of the heirs to the Dutch throne, who were titled Prince of Orange. The only woman who became a "Princess of Orange" without being married to a "Prince of Orange" was Marie, Princess of Orange (1393-1417). Together with her husband John, Prince of Orange (1393-1418), they governed the land. Because the title "Prince of Orange" was only used for 'the eldest son of the King' (the "crown prince"), Dutch crown princesses did not get the title. There were no "oldest sons" for a few generations, and so the title was not used since 1877. Because Dutch law was changed in 1983 to include "oldest daughters of the King", Catharina-Amalia, the next Princess of Orange became the first Dutch Princess of Orange in her own right once her father, Prince Willem-Alexander, became King of the Netherlands. Finke River The Finke River is one of the largest rivers in central Australia. It starts in the MacDonnell Ranges in the Northern Territory. it is formed where Davenport and Ormiston Creeks join together, just north of Glen Helen. The Finke River flows about 600 km to the western edge of the Simpson Desert in northern South Australia. Usually the river is a collection of waterholes, but it can become a raging torrent during rare flood events. In a big flood water from the Finke River can flow into the Macumba River, and then into Lake Eyre, a total distance of about 750 km. Major tributaries include Ellery Creek, and the Palmer and Hugh Rivers. The Finke River flows through the West MacDonnell and Finke Gorge National Parks. The Finke River was named by John McDouall Stuart in 1860 after William Finke, an Adelaide man, who was one of the people who paid part of the cost of his expeditions. The indigenous name for the river in parts of the Northern Territory is Larapinta. Larapinta Drive is a road which runs west from Alice Springs, and the Larapinta walking trail. Age of the Finke River. The Finke River has been called "the oldest river in the world", particularly by tour operators, and in popular books and brochures. In places such as the James Range, the Finke flows through deeply incised meanders (see Google Maps image). Because meanders only form on flat plains, the river must have formed before the ranges were pushed up. This happened in a mountain building event known as the Alice Springs Orogeny which happened between 400 and 300 million years ago, in the Devonian to Carboniferous Periods. Some parts of the river’s course must have been already in existence around this time. The southern parts of its course must be much younger because the areas where the Finke now flows near the southern edge of the Northern Territory, and further south, were under the sea during the Mesozoic Era, part of the Great Artesian Basin. The age of the Finke River is not unique. There are other large mountain-sourced river systems in central Australia including the Todd and Hale Rivers where the mountains were formed at the same time. There are other mountain ranges of equal or greater age to the MacDonnell Ranges, both in Australia and on other continents. The rivers in those areas may have evolved from ancestral streams of the same age or older than the Finke. Anna van Egmont Anna van Egmont (Grave, March 1533 – Breda, 24 March 1558) was a member of an important and rich Dutch family. She was the first wife of William the Silent, Prince of Orange. She was the only child of Maximiliaan van Egmond and Françoise de Lannoy. She was also Countess of Lingen and of Leerdam, and Lady of IJsselstein, of Borssele, of Grave, of Cranendonck, of Jaarsveld, of Kortgene, of Sint Maartensdijk, and of Odijk. Because she was the only child, she also got the title of Countess of Buren and Lady of Egmond. In 1551 she married William the Silent in Buren. Because she was the Lady of Egmond and Countess of Buren, he became Lord of Egmond and Count of Buren. They had three children: Anna died when she was only 25 years old. She was buried in Breda. Central Mount Stuart Central Mount Stuart is a mountain in the south of the Northern Territory, Australia. It can easily seen from the nearby Stuart Highway, which is about 6 km away. The mountain is made from dark red sandstone. The mountain is named after the explorer John McDouall Stuart who reached the area on 22 April 1860. He worked out that a point about 4 km (2.5 miles) south-southwest of the mountain was the centre of Australia. Modern geographers do not agree with this and now place the centre at Finke. Stuart climbed to the top on 23 April 1860, writing in his journal: "Took Kekwick and the flag, and went to the top of the mount, but found it to be much higher and more difficult of ascent than I anticipated...Near the top of the cone I placed a small bottle, in which there is a slip of paper, with our signatures to it, stating by whom it was raised. We then gave three hearty cheers for the flag, the emblem of civil and religious liberty, and may it be a sign to the natives that the dawn of liberty, civilization, and Christianity is about to break upon them." The slip of paper was found in 1871 by John Ross during the building of the Australian Overland Telegraph Line. It is now in the Library of South Australia. Stuart called the mountain Central Mount Sturt, after his former expedition leader Charles Sturt. The name was changed on a suggestion from the Governor of South Australia, Sir Richard MacDonnell. This happened soon after Stuart's return to Adelaide at the end of the expedition. "Central Mount Stuart" is the name that was printed in the published expedition journal. Louise de Coligny Louise de Coligny (Châtillon-sur-Loing, 23 September 1555 – Fontainebleau, 13 November 1620) was the fourth wife of Prince William the Silent. She was the daughter of an important French Protestant leader, Gaspard de Coligny. Marriage. She married Charles de Téligny when she was 16 years old in 1571. He was a Protestant diplomat who was also friendly with the French king Charles IX. Both her father and her husband were killed during the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572. In 1583 she (27) married William the Silent in Antwerp. She became the Princess of Orange. Their son Frederik Hendrik was born on 29 January 1584. On the 10th of July that year, William was shot by catholic Balthasar Gerards and died. Later years. She stayed in the Netherlands with her 6 stepdaughters. In 1619, she asked her stepson Maurits to stop the execution of high-placed Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, but he did not listen. She then left Holland and went to France where she (65) died in 1620. On 24 May 1621, she was buried in the crypt of the House of Orange-Nassau in the New Church in Delft. African National Congress The African National Congress (ANC), supported by the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the South African Communist Party (SACP), has been South Africa's governing centre-left political party since the establishment of non-racial democracy in April 1994. It defines itself as a "disciplined force of the left". Members founded the organization as the South African Native National Congress (SANNC) on 8 January 1912 in Bloemfontein to increase the rights of the black South African population. John Dube, its first president, and poet and author Sol Plaatje are among its founding members. The organization became the ANC in 1923 and formed a military wing, the Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation) in 1961. It has been the ruling party of post-apartheid South Africa on the national level since 1994. It gained support in the 1999 elections, and further increased its majority in 2004, with 69.7% of the votes. In 2009 its share of the vote reduced slightly, but it remained the dominant party with 65.9% of the votes. History. The ANC was founded in direct response to what was seen as injustices against black South Africans at the hands of their white, mostly Afrikaner government. The ANC had its origins in a pronouncement by Pixley ka Isaka Seme who said in 1911 "Forget all the past differences among Africans and unite in one national organisation." The ANC was set up the next year on 8 January 1912. The government of the newly formed Union of South Africa began a systematic oppression of black people in South Africa. The Natives' Land Act was issued in 1913. The effect of these laws was to force many non-whites from their farms into the cities and towns to work, and to restrict their movement within South Africa. By 1919, the ANC led a campaign against passes, and in 1929 the ANC supported a militant mineworkers' strike. The ANC became dormant in the mid-1920s. During that time, black people were also represented by the Industrial and Commercial Workers’ Union and the once white-only Communist party. By 1927, J.T. Gumende (president of the ANC) proposed cooperation with the Communists in a bid to revitalise the organisation, but he was voted out of power in the 1930s. This led to the ANC becoming largely ineffectual and inactive, until the mid-1940s when the ANC was remodelled as a mass movement. The ANC responded militarily to attacks on the rights of black South Africans, as well as calling for strikes, boycotts, and defiance. This led to a later Defiance Campaign in the 1950s, a mass movement of resistance to South Africa under apartheid. The government tried to stop the ANC by banning party leaders and enacting new laws to stop the ANC, however these measures failed. In 1955, the Congress of the People officially adopted the Freedom Charter, stating the core principles of the South African Congress Alliance, which consisted of the African National Congress and its allies the South African Indian Congress, the South African Congress of Democrats and the Coloured People's Congress. The government claimed that this was a communist document, and consequently leaders of the ANC and Congress were arrested. 1960 saw the Sharpeville Massacre, in which 69 people were killed when police opened fire on anti-apartheid protesters. Whites eventually joined the fight against apartheid, leading many black supremacists to break away from the ANC. Umkhonto we Sizwe. Umkhonto we Sizwe (or MK), translated "Spear of the Nation", was the military wing of the ANC. Partly in response to the Sharpeville Massacre of 1960, individual members of the ANC thought violence was needed because peaceful passive protest had failed. There was a significant portion of the ANC who therefore turned to violence in order to achieve their goals. A significant portion of ANC leadership agreed that this violence was needed to combat increasing backlash from the government. Some ANC members were upset by the actions of the MK, and refused to accept violence as necessary for the ending of Apartheid, but these individuals became a minority as the militant leaders such as Nelson Mandela gained significant popularity. Many consider their actions to be criminal, but the MK said violence was justified by the goal of ending apartheid. Some members of MK committed terrorist acts to achieve their aims, and MK was responsible for the deaths of both civilians and members of the military. In cooperation with the South African Communist Party, MK was founded in 1961. Ideology. The ANC calls itself a force of national liberation in the post-apartheid era; it officially defines its umbrella agenda as the "National Democratic Revolution". The ANC is a member of the Socialist International. It also sets forth the redressing of socio-economic differences stemming from colonial- and apartheid-era policies as a central focus of ANC policy. The National Democratic Revolution (NDR) is how the National Democratic Society (NDS) can be achieved; a society in which people are intellectually, socially, economically and politically empowered. Tripartite Alliance. The ANC holds a historic alliance with the South African Communist Party (SACP) and Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU), known as the "Tripartite Alliance". The SACP and COSATU have not contested any election in South Africa, but field candidates through the ANC, hold senior positions in the ANC, and influence party policy and dialogue. During Mbeki's presidency, the government took a more pro-capitalist stance, often running counter to the demands of the SACP and COSATU. 2008 schism. Following Zuma's accession to the ANC leadership in 2007 and Mbeki's resignation as president in 2008, the Mbeki faction of former ministers led by Mosiuoa Lekota split away from the ANC to form the Congress of the People. ANC flag. The ANC flag is composed of three stripes – black, green and gold. Black symbolizes the native people of South Africa, green represents the land and gold represents the mineral and other natural wealth of South Africa. This flag was also the battle flag of the Umkhonto we Sizwe. The official party flag also has the emblem of the party incorporated onto the flag. Party list. Politicians in the party win a place in parliament by being on the "Party List", which is drawn up before the elections and enumerates, in order, the party's preferred MPs. The number of seats allocated is proportional to the popular national vote, and this determines the cut-off point. The ANC has also gained members through the controversial floor crossing process. Although most South African parties announced their candidate list for provincial premierships in the 2009 election, the ANC did not. It is not required for parties to do so. Role of the ANC in resolving the conflict. The ANC was the main opposition to the government during apartheid and played a major role in resolving the conflict through the peacemaking and peace-building processes. Initially members of the National Party met in secret with ANC leaders, including Nelson Mandela, to see if peace was possible. Discussions and negotiations took place leading to the eventual unbanning of the ANC and other opposing political parties by then President de Klerk on 2 February 1990. These initial meetings were the first crucial steps towards resolution. The next official step towards rebuilding South Africa was the Groote Schuur Minute where the government and the ANC agreed on a common commitment towards the end of violence and intimidation, as well as a commitment to stability and to a peaceful process of negotiations. The ANC negotiated the release of political prisoners and the immunity from prosecution for returning exiles and moreover channels of communication were established between the Government and the ANC. Later the Pretoria Minute was another step towards resolution where agreements at Groote Schuur were reconsolidated and steps towards setting up an interim government and drafting a new constitution were established as well as suspension of the military wing of the ANC – the Umkhonto we Sizwe. This step helped end much of the violence within South Africa. Another agreement that came out of the Pretoria Minute was that both parties would try and raise awareness that a new way of governing was being created for South Africa, and that further violence would only hinder this process. However violence still continued in Kwazulu-Natal, which violated the trust between Mandela and de Klerk. Moreover, internal disputes in the ANC prolonged the war as consensus on peace was not reached. The next significant steps towards resolution were: These measures ensured no one could claim, or be deprived of any rights on the basis of race. In December 1991 the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) was held with the aim of establishing an interim government. But in June 1992 there was the Boipatong massacre. Negotiations stopped as the ANC pulled out. Only Cyril Ramaphosa of the ANC, and Roelf Meyer of the National Party carried on talking. In over 40 meetings the two men discussed and negotiated over many issues including the nature of the future political system, the fate of over 40,000 government employees and if/how the country would be divided. The result of these negotiations was a temporary constitution that meant the transition from apartheid to democracy was a constitutional continuation and that the rule of law and state sovereignty remained intact during the change, which was vital for stability within the country. A date was set for the first democratic elections on 27 April 1994. The ANC won 62.5% of the votes and has been in power ever since. Criticism. Controversy over corrupt members. The most prominent corruption case involving the ANC relates to a series of bribes paid to companies involved in the ongoing R55 billion Arms Deal saga, which resulted in a long term jail sentence to former Deputy President Jacob Zuma's legal adviser Schabir Shaik. Zuma, now the State president, currently faces 7 813 charges relating to alleged fraud, bribery and corruption in the Arms Deal. The ANC has also been criticised for its subsequent abolishment of the Scorpions, the multidisciplinary agency that investigated and prosecuted organised crime and corruption, and was heavily involved in the investigation into Zuma and Shaik. Other recent corruption issues include the sexual misconduct and criminal charges of Beaufort West municipal manager Truman Prince, and the Oilgate scandal, in which millions of Rand in funds from a state-owned company were allegedly funneled into ANC coffers. Links between factions in the ANC, specifically the ANC Youth League leadership, and businessman Brett Kebble gained media attention following Kebble's murder in September 2005. In December 2007 the ANC elected their new National Executive Committee (NEC), the highest structure in the party. Out of the 80 member committee, 9% are (post-apartheid) convicted criminals. Most of these members have been convicted of fraud, while one member, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, was convicted of the kidnapping of a 14-year-old boy, James Seipei (1974–1988), also known as Stompie Moeketsi (who was also murdered). According to an article in the "Mail & Guardian", "by adding those who have been disciplined or moved, and those with dark clouds of unanswered questions hanging over their heads, the figure shifts to 29%." The ANC has also been accused of using government and civil society to fight its political battles against opposition parties such as the Democratic Alliance. The result has been a number of complaints and allegations that none of the political parties truly represent the interests of the poor. This has resulted in the "No Land! No House! No Vote!" Campaign which becomes very prominent each time the country holds elections. Controversy over wasteful expenditure. The ANC has reportedly wasted over R1 billion of taxpayers' money over the past eight months on luxury vehicles, expensive hotels, banquets, advertising and other "wasteful expenditure" The main thrust behind this reporting is the official opposition in the country, the Democratic Alliance (DA). They have kept a tally of the expenditure called 'The Wasteful Expenditure Monitor' According to the DA, this waste could have: Environment of Florida The state of Florida in the U.S.A. has a mild subtropical climate. Because of that, millions of people have settled in the once rural state over the last hundred years. Florida's population increases by about 1,000 residents each day. Land development and water use have changed the state, mostly by draining the wetlands that once covered most of the peninsula. Much of Florida is made of karst limestone with water-filled caves and sinkholes, which provide homes to many species of aquatic life, some of which only live in Florida. As more and more people move to Florida, they use up the water in the underground caves. When a cave has no more water, it will sometimes collapse, forming a sinkhole, which can hurt animals, people, and buildings. For a long time, the state has been trying to restore the Everglades. In 2000, Congress passed the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, a $7.8 billion, 30-year project aimed at preserving and restoring the region and its unique combination of environments. Energy, water, and waste management. Florida ranks forty-fifth in total energy use, despite the heavy reliance on air conditioners and pool pumps. This includes coal, natural gas, petroleum, and retail electricity sales. About 4 percent of energy in the state is generated through renewable resources. Florida produces 6.0% of the nation's total energy, while total production of pollutants is lower, with figures of 5.6 percent for nitrogen oxide, 5.1 percent for carbon dioxide, and 3.5 percent for sulfur dioxide. There are two oil-producing areas in Florida. One is in South Florida, with 14 fields, and the other is in the western panhandle, with seven fields. The South Florida fields are located in Lee, Hendry, and Collier county. Florida’s first oil field, the Sunniland field, in Collier County, was discovered in 1943. It has since produced over 18 million barrels of oil. After that, 13 more field discoveries were found. Although these fields are small, production is large. Together, the three Felda fields (West Felda, Mid-Felda, and Sunoco Felda) in Hendry County have produced over 54 million barrels of oil. Production in the western panhandle began with the discovery of the Jay field in June 1970. Jay is the largest oil field discovered in North America since the discovery of the giant Prudhoe Bay Oil Field on the Alaskan North Slope in 1968. Since then, six more oil fields have been discovered in the western panhandle of Florida. North Florida has dominated Florida oil production since the discovery of the Jay field. North Florida oil fields account for 83 percent of the state’s production, with the Jay field alone producing 71 percent. It is believed that significant energy resources are located off of Florida's western coast in the Gulf of Mexico, but that region has been closed to exploration since 1981. In July 2007, Florida Governor Charlie Crist announced plans to sign executive orders that would impose strict new air-pollution standards in the state, with aims to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions by 80 percent of 1990 levels by 2050. Crist's orders would set new emissions targets for power companies, automobiles and trucks, and toughen conservation goals for state agencies and require state-owned vehicles to use alternative fuels. Florida gets much of its drinking water from the Floridan Aquifer and the Biscayne Aquifer, as well as from surface water from Lake Okeechobee and other lakes, but population increases have begun to strain available sources. The state has built 120 desalination plants, more than three times as many as any other state, including the largest plant in the United States. Additionally, an electrodialysis reversal plant in Sarasota is the largest of its type in the world, and a nanofiltration plant in Boca Raton is the largest of its type in the western hemisphere. Increasing landfill space is also an issue. St. Lucie County is planning to experiment with burning trash through plasma arc gasification to generate energy and reduce landfill space. The experiment will be the largest of its kind in the world to date, and begin operation no later than 2009. If successful, experts estimate that the entire St. Lucie County landfill, estimated to contain 4.3 million tons of trash, will disappear within 18 years. Materials created in the energy production can also be used in road construction. Parks. Areas under control of the National Park Service include: Areas under the control of the USDA United States Forest Service include: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Ocean Service is responsible for one sanctuary: Biodiversity. Florida is a biodiverse state, with 3,500 native vascular plants and 1,500 vertebrates, a higher number than all but three other states. A 2003 United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization study stated that the Florida Straits had the highest biodiversity in the Atlantic Ocean, and were the home to 25 endemic species. Flora. Red tide has also been an issue on the southwest coast of Florida. While there has been a great deal of guessing over the cause of the toxic algae bloom, there is no evidence that it is being caused by pollution or that there has been an increase in the length or frequency of red tide outbreaks. Floral pests. Native flora is threatened by various invasive plants, including the Brazilian Pepper ("Schinus terebinthifolius"). Owning and growing this tree is illegal. Large numbers of volunteers cut down these invaders, particularly along waterways. The Australian pine ("Casuarina" spp.) is being actively attacked. Other foreign pests include the Asian ambrosia beetle ("Xyleborus glabratus"), which threatens the local avocado industry and redbay trees ("Persea borbonia"). It is illegal to import Giant African land snails (achatina fulica). These threaten buildings, 500 types of local plants, and carry meningitis. Fauna. Endemic species in Florida include the Florida Scrub Jay ("Aphelocoma coerulescens"), Miami blue ("Cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri"), Okaloosa darter ("Etheostoma okaloosae"), and Key Deer ("Odocoileus virginianus clavium"). Florida is a popular destination for birdwatching, because of the many species that can be found in the state at various times of the year. The Florida Ornithological Society maintains the official state list of the birds of Florida, which currently contains 498 species. A study published in 2003 by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission documented 196 species of birds which were confirmed to breed in the state, with an additional 19 species listed as possible or probable breeders. The Great Florida Birding Trail, a 2,000-mile-long (3,200 km) trail, is composed of 489 locations throughout the state which are excellent observation sites. Sport fishing is also popular in Florida; over 250 different species of fishes (including 73 non-native species) can be found in Florida. There are more than 1,000 species of fish in Florida's inshore waters. In 2010, NOAA, citing the Magnuson-Stevens Act, banned fishing of red snapper until the population has time to recover. Florida's Atlantic coast is home to the only extensive coral reefs in the continental United States, and the third largest in the world. The entire reef system in the Florida Keys is part of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, and large parts of reef are protected as part of Biscayne National Park. In 1977, the federal government placed alligators on the endangered species list. They were removed from the endangered list in 1987 and Florida allowed selective hunting in 1988. Bird and turtle habitats. In 1987, Brevard County, Florida hosted the last member of the Dusky Seaside Sparrow, now extinct. There have been only two extinct bird species since listing of endangered species began in 1973. This event has presented a challenge to ensure that other environmental concerns are addressed quickly. The Florida Scrub Jay has been thought to be threatened for many years, because the species is territorial and cannot move to better grounds when its habitat is in danger. Nesting beaches of loggerhead sea turtles are protected. Tarafa Baghajati Tarafa Baghajati (, (born September 1st 1961) in Damascus, Syria) is a human right activist and writer, he is also the chairman of the Austrian Muslim Initiative (AMI). He lives in Vienna, Austria since 1986. Life. Tarafa Baghajati was born in Damascus, to parents Adnan Baghajati,an author and former Syrian Education minister, and Amal Homsi, an economic journalist. In 1984 the Syrian regime detained Baghajati for more than 8 months, he spent three of them in Tadmor Prison due to his political views. Since he moved to Austria in 1986, Baghajati is active on the topics of immigration, anti-racism, human right and political issues which also involve the Middle East especially his home country Syria, he is also very active on the topics of Islam and "Muslim in Austria and Europe", and opposition what is known as Islamophobia, and the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM), in Africa and Europe. In 1999, he found the initiative of Muslim Austrians ( IMOE ) with his wife Carla Amina Baghajati , Omar Al-Rawi, Mouddar Khouja and Andrea Saleh, who are members of the Islamic Religion Community in Austria . Baghajati is a former board member . (2001 - 2007, 2004-2007 Vice- President ) and member of the Honorary Advisory Board of European Network Against Racism (ENAR) He is also a board member of the Platform for Intercultural Europe (PIE). In March 2009, Rüdiger Nehberg and Tarafa Baghajati met Sheikh Prof.Dr Yusuf al-Qaradawi in Qatar, one of the most best known Islamic contemporary authority scholar. They obtained a fatwa issued by the recognized legal scholars, stating the genital mutilation of girls is referred to and forbidden as "devil's work" because it is directed against the ethics of Islam. Speaking at the Hamburg Museum of Ethnology, 6 February 2011 Baghajati ventured to predict to celebrate the end of this practice as early as 2020. in February 2011,Rüdiger Nehberg and Tarafa Baghajati met this time Sheikh Prof.Dr Mohamed Said Ramadan Al-Bouti and obtained a similar fatwa against female genital mutilation. Baghajati is one of the finders and a board member of European Muslim Initiative for Social Cohesion (EMISCO). Education. Baghajati graduated as civil engineer from Polytechnic University of Timișoara in 1986 Awards. Initiative of Muslim Austrians (IMOE) won democracy award by in 2008. Personal life. He is married to since 1990,has four children. Micronation Micronations are countries started by one or a group of people which are not seen as actual countries by the United Nations. These countries are mostly used in people's heads, or on the internet. People make micronations for lots of reasons. Some are to show they do not like their main country (for example the United Kingdom), or if they want to make money, or to use it as a place for themselves. List. Here is a list of some Micronations; Competitions. Some micronations play in competitions with other micronations. Football. The biggest football organisation for micronations is known as the MFA "(Micronational Football Association)", founded by Joe Foxon in 2009. It has 13 micronations from 7 countries as members. It makes a competition every 4 years called the MFA World Cup for all the micronations in the world to play in. The first World Cup will be in Southern England in 2013. Singing. Every year there is a singing competition called the MicroVision Song Contest. Micronations make a song and put it on the internet, and then other micronations vote for the best song. The winner then makes the next one. Ilene Woods Jacqueline Ruth "Ilene" Woods (May 5, 1929 – July 1, 2010) was an American singer and actress who voiced Cinderella in the 1950 Disney movie. Early life. Woods was born on May 5, 1929 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. As a child Woods was led into singing by her mother. By the age of 11, Woods had her own radio show. Career. In 1948, at the age of 18, Woods recorded several songs for friends Mack David and Jerry Livingston. The songs ("Bibbidi Bobbidi Boo", "So This is Love", and "A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes") were then played for Walt Disney. He chose Woods out of 300 other girls to play the part of Cinderella for the Disney movie "Cinderella". Recording the part took about 2 years, working off and on. Later years. Woods was first married to Stephen Steck Jr. They had one child, a daughter named Stephanie. After a divorce, in 1963 she married Ed Shaughnessy. They had two sons, James and Daniel. In 2003 she was recognized as a Disney Legend for her work in "Cinderella". Death. Woods died on July 1, 2010 from causes related to Alzheimer's disease in Canoga Park, Los Angeles, California. She was 81. Zygophyllaceae The Zygophyllaceae is a family of flowering plants that contains the bean-caper and caltrop. It includes around 285 species in 22 genera. In the APG III system of classification, the families Zygophyllaceae and Krameriaceae compose the order Zygophyllales. Hendrik Lorentz Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (18 July 1853 – 4 February 1928) was a Dutch physicist. In 1902, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics together with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect. He also derived the transformation equations that were later used by Albert Einstein to describe space and time. Biography. Early life. Hendrik Lorentz was born in Arnhem, Gelderland (The Netherlands), the son of Gerrit Frederik Lorentz (1822–1893). In 1862, after his mother's death, his father married Luberta Hupkes. Career. Lorentz and special relativity. In 1905, Einstein would use many of the concepts to write his paper entitled "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", known today as the theory of special relativity. Because Lorentz laid the fundamentals for the work by Einstein, this theory was originally called the "Lorentz-Einstein theory". Lorentz and general relativity. Lorentz was one of few scientists who supported Einstein's search for general relativity from the beginning – he wrote several research papers and discussed with Einstein personally and by letter. For instance, he attempted to combine Einstein's formalism with Hamilton's principle (1915). Death. In January 1928, Lorentz became seriously ill, and died shortly after on February 4. Galileo (spacecraft) Galileo was an unmanned NASA spacecraft. It explored the planet Jupiter and its moons. Galileo was launched in 1989 and it arrived at Jupiter in 1995. Galileo was made up of two parts: an orbiter and a probe. The probe was released from the orbiter on July 13, 1995 and it went towards Jupiter. It reached Jupiter on December 7, 1995 and went down into the atmosphere. The probe gathered data for 57 minutes until the great atmospheric heat and pressure destroyed it. The orbiter went into orbit around the planet on December 8, 1995 and went down into Jupiter's atmosphere and was crushed on September 21, 2003. Henderson's Boys Henderson's Boys is a series of young adult spy books. It was written by English author Robert Muchamore. The series follows Charles Henderson, the creator of a fictional espionage organisation CHERUB and is set in the 1940s, during World War II. Henderson goes on various adventures, helped by children. Henderson's Boys is a spin-off of the popular "CHERUB" series, which is about the same organisation in modern times. There are seven books in the series. These are "The Escape", "Eagle Day", "Secret Army", "Grey Wolves", "The Prisoner", "One Shot Kill" and "Scorched Earth". MOX fuel Mixed-oxide fuel (or MOX fuel) is nuclear fuel that contains an oxide of more than one element. Most nuclear fuel that is not of the MOX type only contains uranium dioxide. In most cases, the additional oxide will be plutonium dioxide, sometimes thorium dioxide. Any reactor that uses uranium-based fuel will produce plutonium dioxide. Mox fuel consists of about 93% uranium, and about 7% of thorium or plutonium dioxide. One of the benefits of using MOX-type fuel is that the plutonium dioxide that is produced, can be re-used for energy generation. Certain types of nuclear power plants need plutonium to work properly. The Bush (Alaska) The Bush is a term for the portions of Alaska that are not connected to North America's road network. Most of Alaska's native populations live in the Bush. They live off the land as their ancestors did. Places in the Bush include Bethel, Dillingham, King Salmon, Nome, Barrow, Katmai National Park, Kodiak Island, Kotzebue, and Unalaska-Dutch Harbor. Most parts of Alaska that are off the road system can only be reached by small airplane. Travel from place to place is usually by snowmobile or snow machine, boat, or sometimes dog sled. Arctic Alaska Arctic Alaska, or Far North Alaska is a region of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is the northern area between the Arctic Circle and the Arctic Ocean. Some of the places in Arctic Alaska are the "North Slope Borough, the Northwest Arctic Borough, and the Nome Census Area". Some towns there are Prudhoe Bay, Barrow, Kotzebue, and Nome. Most of these places have no highways and can only be reached by aircraft or snowmobile, or by boat if they are on the coast or near a river when they are not frozen. Long ago there were only Inuits living here, who make up the majority of the population. They mostly ate salmon, which there are lots of there, and also whales and other marine mammals. More people came to Arctic Alaska when gold was discovered there. Still more people and industry came when petroleum was discovered in the area. Above the Arctic Circle, the sun rises in May and sets in August. Arctic Alaska is mostly tundra covering mountain ranges and coastal plains. Some of the animals there are bears, wolves, sheep, reindeer, and lots of birds. Principality of Hutt River The Principality of Hutt River, previously known as the Hutt River Province, is the oldest micronation in Australia. The principality claims to be an independent sovereign state. It is unrecognized except by other micronations, but got de facto legal status on 21 April 1972. The principality is located north of Perth, near the town of Northampton. The principality was founded on 21 April 1970 by Leonard George Casley when he and his friends proclaimed their secession from the state of Western Australia. History. The Principality of Hutt River was created in 1969, as a province by the name of Hutt River Province, in response to a dispute with the government of Western Australia over what the Casley family considered draconian wheat production quotas. The Casley farm had around of wheat ready to harvest when the quotas were issued which allowed Casley to sell only 1,647 bushels or approximately . Initially the five families who owned farms in Hutt River banded together to fight the quota and Casley lodged a protest with the Governor of Western Australia Sir Douglas Kendrew. The Governor replied "no rectification of our Quota would be allowed" which, as he acts as the Queen's representative, made Her Majesty technically liable, in Tort, for applying an unlawful imposition as the quota had not yet been passed into law. Casley then lodged a claim under the Law of Tort for $52 million in the belief the claim would force a revision of the quota. Two weeks later the government introduced a bill into Parliament to "resume" their rural lands under compulsory acquisition. After approaches to the government to reconsider the acquisition bill failed, Casley and his associates resorted to a British law (the Treason Act 1495) which they felt allowed them to secede and declare their independence from the Commonwealth of Australia. Casley states that he nonetheless remains loyal to Queen Elizabeth II. Casley was elected administrator of the new "sovereign state" by his family. The government of Western Australia determined it could do nothing without the intervention of the Commonwealth. The Governor-General of Australia, Sir Paul Hasluck, later stated that it was unconstitutional for the Commonwealth to intervene in the secession. In letters with the governor-general's office, Casley was called the "Administrator of the Hutt River Province" by mistake. The Royal Prerogative, makes this recognition binding on all courts. After the government threatened him with prosecution, Casley styled himself "His Royal Highness Prince Leonard I of Hutt" to take advantage of a Commonwealth law that a monarch could not only "not" be charged, but that anyone who interfered with his duties could be charged with treason. Although the law in this matter has since changed, the Australian government has not taken any action against Hutt River since the declaration. Under Australian law, the government had two years to respond to Casley's declaration; the failure to respond gave the province "de facto" legal status on 21 April 1972. In 1976, Australia Post refused to handle Hutt River mail, forcing mail to be redirected via Canada. Following repeated demands by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) for the payment of taxes, on 2 December 1977 the province officially declared war on Australia. Prince Leonard notified authorities of the cessation of hostilities several days later. The mail service was restored and tax requests ceased. Hutt River citizens are now classed by the ATO as non-residents of Australia for income tax purposes; thus income earned within the province is exempt from Australian taxation. The province levies its own income tax of 0.5% on financial transactions by foreign companies registered in the province and personal accounts. While the principality does not pay taxes, the Australian government's current official position is that it is nothing more than a private enterprise operating under a business name. In the early 1980s Hutt River Province declared itself to be a kingdom, but soon after reverted to its original status of a principality. The principality proceeded to release a number of its own stamps and coins. In September 2006 Prince Leonard decided to change the name to "Principality of Hutt River" and dropped the word "Province". Statistics. The Principality of Hutt River is situated north of Perth along the Hutt River. It is about in size. Exports include wildflowers, agricultural produce, stamps and coins. Tourism is also important to its economy with 40,000 tourists visiting the principality every year. Very few people live in Hutt River, but the principality claims a world-wide citizenry of 13,000. The Principality has no standing army, but a number of its citizens have been awarded military commissions. Honorary guardsmen attend the prince on formal occasions, and despite being completely landlocked, naval commissions have been conferred on supporters of the principality. The principality's capital, Nain, is named after Nain in Galilee. Government. When the Principality of Hutt River seceded, a bill of rights, a brief document outlining the rights of "Hutt River" citizens, was drafted. It also provided for an administration board to govern the principality until a permanent government could be set up. When Casley declared himself a prince, the administration board was abolished and the Hutt River Principality became a benevolent absolute monarchy, with a legislation committee to draft new legislation. In 1997, the legislation committee presented a proposal for a constitution to the prince and his cabinet. Its most recent version is effective from 1 January 2011. All citizens over 18 living in the principality have the right to elect the parliament. Royal Family. "His Royal Highness Prince Leonard I of Hutt" was the style that has been used by Leonard George Casley since his creation of the Hutt River Principality. Prince Leonard was married to "Her Royal Highness Princess Shirley of Hutt, Dame of the Rose of Sharon" (née Shirley Butler). They have seven adult children, among them is "Crown Prince Ian" (born 1947) who is the Prime Minister of the Principality, and is Prince Leonard's heir apparent. Prince Leonard died of a lung infection on 13 February 2019 at the age of 93. Prince Ian is involved heavily in the wildflower production, with the product not only being exported to Perth, Western Australia but to many cities internationally. Princess Shirley plays host to the many dignitaries and diplomatic representatives visiting the principality each year as well as receiving many of the television crews and magazine journalists. She is also royal patron and chairwoman on the board of directors of the Red Cross of Hutt. In the royal family there are 24 grandchildren and 23 great-grand children in the direct line. Prince Leonard pursued a number of occupations before purchasing a large wheat farm near Northampton, Western Australia and Geraldton, Western Australia in the 1960s. A former mathematician and physicist who worked for NASA in the 1950s, the prince has had a star named in his honour. Despite his advancing years the prince Leonard is known as a keen-minded "bush lawyer". He is also an adherent of hermeticism, a subject on which he has privately published a number of research papers and books. Prince Leonard is the subject of a permanent exhibit at the National Museum of Australia in Canberra. Currency. A set of low denomination banknotes was introduced in 1974. The first Hutt River coins were not issued until 1976. The currency of the Hutt River Province Principality is the Hutt River Dollar, which is divided into 100 cents. The Hutt River Dollar is tied at a one-to-one ratio with the Australian dollar. First series: 1976 - 1978. There were four denominations: 5₵, 10₵, 20₵ and 50₵. These were issued between 1976 and 1978, but the 1978 issue was a proof only issue. There was also a silver $30 coin and a gold $100 coin, struck only in proof. Silver Jubilee $1 coin. In 1977 $1 coins were struck to commemorate the Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II. These coins are known as "holey dollars", a nickname which is applied to the extremely rare New South Wales 5/- coin and the Prince Edward Island 5/- coin, which were cut and counterstamped from Spanish-American Pieces of Eight (8 Reales). Coins of the same design were struck again in 1978, without the inscription "Queens's Jubilee". Later series. Most of the coins of later series have specific commemorative topics and are usually made of precious metal. The issuance of coins went on until 2000, and resumed with new issues beginning in 2007 to celebrate the 60th wedding anniversary of the Prince and Princess. Status and criticism. The Australian Ambassador to the United Arab Emirates, Jeremy Bruer, upon hearing that an office claiming to represent the “Hutt River Province” was operating in Dubai and allegedly selling travel documents, stated that the Australian Government did not recognise the "Hutt River Province", legally or in any other way. He further stated that: "The area of land which is described as the 'Hutt River Province' is a privately owned wheat-growing property on the Hutt River, north of Geraldton in the State of Western Australia. It has no special status. It has no separate sovereignty and remains subject to the Australian Constitution and the laws of Australia." Regarding the use of titles, the ambassador said that: "The Australian Government does not recognise the 'royal titles' nor titles of office, such as 'Head of State', 'State minister' and 'Minister for Foreign Affairs' assumed by the family owning the property nor the use of terms such as 'consulates' and 'principality' in relation to the 'Hutt River Province'." However, the Hutt River Province argues that it is an independent entity within the Australian legal system and the Commonwealth has no right to dispute the claimed de facto legality it was given in error by the Governor General's office, and its own failure to respond to the claim. To overturn this de facto recognition, the West Australian Governor General's office would have to submit the secession to arbitration, something which the Hutt River Province claims is not done due to legal uncertainty related to the fact that Western Australia in its entirety was never officially proclaimed as British Territory. Although passports issued by the "Hutt River Province" are not legally recognised by the Australian Government, they have been accepted on a case-by-case basis for overseas travel. In 2010 Brendon Grylls, the Western Australian Minister for Regional Development and Lands, was asked if his state had a position on the province. He replied "Only that Prince Leonard is an enigma...There is nothing currently on my agenda as Minister...that relates to that." Treatment by Australian Government departments. On the whole, Australian Government departments do not interfere with Hutt River Province. While the Australian Taxation Office has issued a warning on its website for the public not to purchase companies from the PHR, it has not acted against the principality. The principality had plans to start a university in its territory, which is illegal within Australia. However, the government authorities did not act against PHR. Similarly, the PHR does not pay taxes to the ATO. Treatment by European Government departments. In 2008, the Council of the European Union issued a memorandum identifying Hutt River passports among known "fantasy passports...issued by private organisations and individuals" to which a visa should not be affixed. Other websites. PHR Australian Government Other Bitcoin Bitcoin (₿) is a digital and global money system cryptocurrency. It allows people to send or receive money across the internet, even to someone they don't know or don't trust. It is the first of its kind technology that allows the transfer of digital scarcity across the internet without needing a third party. Money can be exchanged without being linked to a real identity. The mathematical field of cryptography is the basis for Bitcoin's security. Bitcoin was invented by someone using the name . A Bitcoin address, or simply address, is an identifier of 26-35 letters and numbers, beginning with the number 1, 3, or bc1, that represents a possible destination for a bitcoin payment. Addresses can be generated at no cost by any user of Bitcoin. For example, using Bitcoin Core, one can click "New Address" and be assigned an address. It is also possible to get a Bitcoin address using an account at an exchange or online wallet service. History. Creation. The domain name "bitcoin.org" was registered on 18 August 2008. On 31 October 2008, a link to a paper authored by Satoshi Nakamoto titled "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System" was posted to a cryptography mailing list. In June 2021, El Salvador became the first country in the world to make Bitcoin a legal tender. In April 2022, the Central African Republic made bitcoin a legal tender. Pseudonymous. One of the differences between using bitcoin and using regular money online is that bitcoin can be used without having an internet connection to link any sort of real-world identity to it. Unless someone chooses to link their name to a bitcoin address, it is hard to tell who owns the address. Bitcoin does not keep track of users; it keeps track of addresses where the money is. Each address has two important pieces of cryptographic information, or keys: a public one and a private one. The public key, which is what the "bitcoin address" is created from, is similar to an email address; anyone can look it up and send bitcoins to it. The private address, or private key, is similar to an email password; only with it can the owner send bitcoins from it. Because of this, it is very important that this private key is kept secret. To send bitcoins from an address, you prove to the network that you own the private key that belongs to the address, without revealing the private key. This is done with a branch of mathematics known as public-key cryptography. Public key. A public key is what determines the ownership of bitcoins, and is very similar to an ID number. If someone wanted to send you bitcoins, all you would need to do is supply them your bitcoin address, which is a version of your public key that is easier to read and type. For example, if Bob has 1 bitcoin at the bitcoin address "ABC123," and Alice has no bitcoins at the bitcoin address "DEF456," Bob can send 0.5 bitcoins to "DEF456." As soon as the transaction is processed, Alice and Bob both have 0.5 bitcoins. Anyone using the system can see how much money "ABC123" has and how much money "DEF456" has, but they cannot tell anything about who owns the address. Private key. A Bitcoin private key has 52 characters consisting of letters and numbers. It is, simply, a random number. The set of numbers that can make up a private key is extremely large. The Bitcoin private key can be any number from a maximum of 2 to the power of 256. In the example above, "ABC123" and "DEF456" are the bitcoin addresses of Bob and Alice. But Bob and Alice each have a second key which only they individually know. This is the private key, and it is the "other half" of a Bitcoin address. The private key is never shared, and allows the owner of the bitcoins to control them. However, if the private key is not kept secret, then anyone who sees it can also control and take the bitcoins there. This happened on live TV when Bloomberg's Matt Miller accidentally showed a private key to viewers. The money was taken immediately. The person who took it, told others about it later, saying "I'll send it back once Matt gives me a new address, since someone else can sweep [empty] out the old one." Technical Details. Blockchain. Sites or users using the Bitcoin system are required to use a global database called blockchain. Blockchain is a record of all transactions that have taken place in the Bitcoin network. It also keeps track of new bitcoins as they are generated. With these two facts, the blockchain can keep track of who has how much money at all times. Mining. The process of generating the bitcoins is called mining. To generate a bitcoin, a miner must solve a math problem. However, the difficulty of the math problem depends on how many people are mining for bitcoin at the moment. Because of how complicated the math problems usually are, they must be calculated with very powerful processors. These processors can be found in CPUs, graphics cards, or specialized machines called ASICs. People who use these machines to mine bitcoins are called miners. Miners either compete with one another or work together in groups to solve a mathematical puzzle. The first miner or group of miners to solve the particular puzzle are rewarded with new bitcoins. The puzzle is determined by the transactions being sent at the time and the previous puzzle solution. This means the solution to one puzzle is always different from the puzzles before. Attempting to change an earlier transaction, maybe to fake bitcoins being sent or change the number of someone's bitcoins, requires solving that puzzle again, which takes a lot of work, and also requires solving each of the following puzzles, which takes even more work. This means a bitcoin cheater needs to outpace all the other bitcoin miners to change the bitcoin history. This makes the bitcoin blockchain very safe to use. When miners mine a block of bitcoin, they receive a reward. This reward gets cut in half every 210,000 blocks, which occurs roughly once every 4 years. During Bitcoin's inception, the block reward was 50 BTC. It was halved to 25 BTC on November 28th, 2012, and to 12.5 BTC on July 9th, 2016. As of May 11th, 2020, the block reward has been 6.25 BTC. QR codes. A popular image associated with Bitcoin is a QR code. QR codes are a group of black and white boxes that are similar to barcodes. Barcodes are a row of lines, and QR codes are a grid of squares. Bitcoin uses QR codes because they can store more information in a small space, and a camera such as a smartphone can read them. The two QR codes on the Bitcoin note are the public and private addresses, and can be scanned with a number of online tools. Exchanges. Everyone in the Bitcoin network is considered a peer, and all addresses are created equal. All transactions can take place solely from peer to peer, but a number of sites exist to make these transactions simpler. These sites are called exchanges. Exchanges provide tools for dealing in Bitcoin. Some allow the purchase of Bitcoin from external accounts, and others allow trading with other cryptography-based currencies like Bitcoin. Most exchanges also provide a basic "wallet" service. Wallets. Wallets provide a handy way to keep track of all of a user's public and private addresses. Because addresses are pseudo a anonymous, anyone can have as many addresses as they want. This is useful for dealing with multiple people, but it can get complicated to manage multiple accounts. A wallet holds all of this information in a convenient place, just like a real wallet would. A backup of a wallet prevents 'losing' the bitcoins. Popularity. During the 2010s, Bitcoin has gained the attention of the mainstream media. Adoption growth has not only happened for consumers, but also for many companies, who are looking to make use of all of the advantages of Bitcoin. As of 2018, Bitcoin was most popular cryptocurrency, followed by Ethereum and Litecoin. As of 2021, El Salvador is the first country in the world to adopt the Bitcoin as a legal tender. Criticism. Bitcoin has often been criticized for its unstable price, its network's high electricity consumption, and for its high transaction fees. Additionally, it has been criticized for having characteristics in common with Ponzi and pyramid schemes. Andrew Fire Andrew Zachary Fire (born April 27, 1959 in Palo Alto, California) is an American biologist. He is a professor of pathology and genetics at Stanford University School of Medicine. Fire was given the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of RNA interference. The research was conducted at Carnegie Institution for Science and published in 1998. Education. Fire completed high school at age 15. He wanted to study at Stanford University, where he would later work, but was not accepted. He studied at the University of Californiaat Berkeley. Fire graduated with a bachelor's degree in mathematics at 19, and earned a PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1983. Nobel prize. In 2006, Fire and Craig Mello shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work first published in 1998 in the journal "Nature". The paper reports that tiny snippets of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) effectively shut down specific genes, and so caused the destruction of messenger RNA (mRNA) with sequences matching the dsRNA. As a result, the mRNA cannot be translated into protein. Fire and Mello found that dsRNA was much more effective in gene silencing than the previously described method of RNA interference with single-stranded RNA. Because only small numbers of dsRNA molecules were required for the observed effect, Fire and Mello proposed that a catalytic process was involved. This hypothesis was confirmed by later research. The Nobel Prize citation, issued by Sweden's Karolinska Institute, said: "This year's Nobel Laureates have discovered a fundamental mechanism for controlling the flow of genetic information". The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) quoted Nick Hastie, director of the Medical Research Council's Human Genetics Unit, on the scope and implications of the research: Stanley Cohen Stanley Cohen (November 17, 1922 – February 5, 2020) was an American biochemist of Jewish descent. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1986. His research helped people understand how cancer starts and how to design anti-cancer drugs. He was also, with Herbert Boyer, one of the first to do any kind of genetic engineering. Biography. Cohen majored in chemistry and biology at Brooklyn College. He received a bachelor's degree in 1943, and worked as a bacteriologist at a plant that processes milk. Later in 1945, he received an M.A. in zoology from Oberlin College. He also received a Ph.D. from the department of biochemistry at the University of Michigan in 1948. In the 1950s, Cohen worked with Rita Levi-Montalcini at Washington University in St. Louis. He isolated the nerve growth factor and then discovered the epidermal growth factor. In 1959, he began teaching biochemistry at Vanderbilt University. Cohen also received the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University in 1983 and the National Medal of Science in 1986. Cohen died on February 5, 2020 in Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 97. Nephron Nephrons are tiny tubules (miniature tubes) which are the smallest working part of the kidney. This is where the kidney removes waste, excess salt and excess water. Each nephron starts in the cortex of the kidney, then goes into the medulla of the kidney, before coming back to the cortex, then goes through the medulla into the pelvis of the kidney. In the pelvis, the nephrons join up with the ureter. In humans, a normal kidney has between 800,000 and 1.5 million nephrons. Each nephron consists of a cup-shaped structure at one end called the Bowman's capsule. It extends into a long urinary tubule,that is surrounded by a network of renal capillaries. The urinary tubules of nephrons in each kidney join to form a common tube called the ureter. Inside the Bowman's capsule is a network of blood capillaries, the "glomerulus". The Bowman's capsule and glomerulus together form the Malphigian capsule or Malphigian body. Liquid passes through the segments of the nephron in this order: Parliament of Canada The Parliament of Canada () is the federal legislative branch of Canada, seated at Parliament Hill in the national capital, Ottawa. Parts. The parliament has three parts. Members. The governor general summons and appoints each of the 105 members of the upper house on the advice of the Prime Minister of Canada, while the 308 members of the lower house are directly elected by Canadian voters, with each Member of Parliament representing a single electoral district. Queen Máxima of the Netherlands Queen Máxima of the Netherlands (born as "Máxima Zorreguieta"; 17 May 1971) is the wife of King Willem-Alexander, Early life and education. She was born Máxima Zorreguieta in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on 17 May 1971. Máxima is the daughter of Jorge Horacio Zorreguieta Stefanini, a farmer and a politician (died 2017). He was the under-secretary of Agriculture under Jorge R. Videla's military dictatorship. She studied in Northlands School, in Argentina. She has two brothers, a sister and three half-sisters by her father's first wife. She graduated with a degree in Economics from the Universidad Católica Argentina in 1995 before working for large international companies in Finance in Argentina, New York and Europe. In June 2018, her sister Inés Zorreguieta, committed suicide by hanging herself at her Buenos Aires apartment, aged 33. She has been serving as the United Nations Secretary General’s Special Advocate for Inclusive Finance for Development (UNSGSA) since 2009. Relationship with Willem-Alexander. Máxima met the crown prince in April 1999 in Sevilla, Spain, during the Seville Spring Fair. This is an important annual event, to which many people from other countries come and dress in typical Spanish Andalusian costume. In an interview, they stated that he introduced himself only as "Alexander," so that she did not know he was a prince. She thought he was joking when he told her he was a Prince. They agreed to meet in New York, where Máxima was working for Dresdner Kleinwort Benson, two weeks later. Their relationship apparently began in New York, but the Princess did not meet the Prince's parents, Queen Beatrix and Claus von Amsberg, for some time. The news of the couple's relationship and eventual marriage plans caused controversy in the Netherlands. Máxima's father had been the Minister of Agriculture during the regime of former Argentine President Jorge Rafael Videla, a military dictator who ruled Argentina from 1976 to 1981 and who was responsible for many atrocities against civilians (non-military people). An estimated 10,000–30,000 people disappeared during this and later military regimes. Democracy was restored to Argentina in 1983. Jorge Zorreguieta claimed that, as a civilian, he did not know about the Dirty War while he was a cabinet minister. Professor Baud was asked by the Dutch Parliament to research in what way Jorge Zorreguieta was involved in the war. He concluded that it would have been unlikely for a person in such a powerful position in the government to not know about the Dirty War. But the research also found that Máxima's father had not been directly involved with the many deaths in question. The Dutch parliament gave permission for Máxima and Willem-Alexander to marry. This is necessary by law for the Prince of Orange to be able to become king. Because of the research around his involvement in the Dirty War, Máxima's father offered not to attend the wedding. Out of solidarity with her husband, Máxima's mother also did not come to the wedding on 2 February 2002 in Amsterdam. Marriage. The couple announced their engagement on 30 March 2001. Princess Máxima talked to the nation in fluent Dutch during the live broadcast on the occasion of the engagement. Princess Máxima and Prince Willem-Alexander were married on 2 February 2002 in a civil ceremony in the Beurs van Berlage, Amsterdam. After that they had a religious ceremony at the Nieuwe Kerk (also in Amsterdam). Children. The second names of all three of their daughters are also the names of the last 3 Dutch queens: Amalia's for her grandmother, Queen Beatrix, Alexia's for her great-grandmother, Queen Juliana and Ariane's for her great-great-grandmother, Queen Wilhelmina. Queen Máxima is also godmother to two royal babies: "Countess Leonore of Orange-Nassau" (daughter of Prince Constantijn and Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands) and of "Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway" (son of Crown Prince Haakon and Crown Princess Mette-Marit of Norway). Rhynie chert The Rhynie chert is a Lower Devonian sedimentary rock, part of the Old Red Sandstone. It has extraordinary fossils, and is a Lagerstätte. The chert is exposed near the village of Rhynie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. A second unit, the Windyfield chert, is some 700 m away. The Rhynie chert is exceptionally preserved material covered by an overlying volcanic deposit. Most of the fossil bed has primitive plants (which had water-conducting cells and sporangia, but no true leaves). There are also arthropods, lichens, algae and fungi. Significance. Date. This fossil bed is remarkable for two reasons. First, the age of the site, formed about 410 million years ago. This places it at an early stage in the colonisation of land. Second, the sheer quantity and variety of lifeforms throws a vivid light on the whole ecosystem near the hot springs. Quantity. Seven land plant taxa have been found in the Rhynie and Windyfield cherts: Also, the cherts have crustacea, primitive insects and other arthropods, fungi, lichen, and cyanobacteria. Even mycorrhizas are found in the Rhynie chert. Quality. Second, these cherts are famous for their exceptional state of preservation. Individual cell walls are easy to see in polished specimens. Stomata have been counted and lignin remnants detected in the plant material. The "book lungs" of early spiders can be seen in cross-sections. Fungal hyphae can be seen entering plant material, acting as decomposers and mycorrhizal symbionts. The oldest known insect ("Rhyniognatha hirsti"), which is rather like the modern springtails, was found in the Rhynie chert. This pushes dates for the origin of insects back to the Silurian period. History of research. The chert was discovered by William Mackie while mapping the western margin of the Rhynie basin in 1910–1913. Since 1980, the chert has been examined by the Münster group, and from 1987 by Aberdeen University. They showed the chert was indeed produced by a hot spring setting. Conditions of formation. The chert was formed when silica-rich water from volcanic springs rose and rapidly petrified the early terrestrial ecosystem "in situ". Organisms are petrified that way by hot springs today, although that quality of preservation has not been found in recent deposits. Hot springs, with temperatures between , were active; the water had probably cooled to under before it reached the fossilised organisms. The deposits are interbedded with sands, shales and tuffs, which speaks of local volcanic activity. Deposition was very rapid. The texture of the silica formed is like that found today in freshwater streams at Yellowstone National Park. They are typically alkaline (pH 8.7) and tepid . Living vegetation covered around 55% of the land area, with litter covering 30% and the remaining 15% of the ground being bare. Fuckin' Perfect Fuckin' Perfect (also known as "Perfect") is a song by American singer-songwriter Pink. It was released as the second single from her album, "Greatest Hits... So Far!!!" on December 14, 2010. The song was written by Pink with Max Martin and Shellback. They also produced the song. The song is similar to Pink's previous single, "Raise Your Glass". This is because it tells people to accept each other for who they are. The video has been debated, as it contains topics such as depression, self-harm, and suicide. "Fuckin' Perfect" rose to number two in "Billboard" Hot 100. In this way, it became Pink's eleventh top-ten song in the United States. The song became a top 10 hit in Australia, Canada, Germany, Ireland, New Zealand, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. It went up to the top 40 in Belgium, Denmark, Hungary, Sweden, and Switzerland. Adobe Acrobat Adobe Acrobat is a family of software made by Adobe Systems. Software in the family can read and display Portable Document Format (PDF) files. Acrobat software can convert PDFs to other formats, PDF to Microsoft Word or Excel for example. It can also combine multiple file types into a single PDF file. Lesser Poland Voivodeship Lesser Poland Voivodeship, or Małopolska Province, is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland. It is , and as of 2006, has 3,267,731 residents. It was created on 1 January 1999. The capital of the province is Kraków. The province's natural borders are Świętokrzyskie Mountains ("Góry Świętokrzyskie") on the north, "Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska" (a broad range of hills stretching from Kraków to Częstochowa) on the west, and the Tatra, Pieniny and Beskidy Mountains on the south. The provinces and countries it is bordered by are the Silesian Voivodeship to the west, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the north, Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the east, and the country of Slovakia to the south. Protected areas. Protected areas in Lesser Poland Voivodeship include six National Parks and 11 Landscape Parks. These are listed below. Intransitive verb In English, an intransitive verb is an action that involves the object or person doing the action by itself. For example: "The door opened." (by itself) This contrasts with a transitive verb, where the action is done by someone or something else, i.e.: "The person opened the door." Randolph Scott Randolph Scott (January 23, 1898 – March 2, 1987) was an American actor. Career. Randolph Scott made ​​his film debut in the silent film "Sharp Shooters" (1928). And in 1929 has a small role in the western starring Gary Cooper "The Virginian". Scott was one of the leading film actors in starring western, and one of the best interpreters of the genre. Its first western classics were "The Last of the Mohicans" (1936) and "Western Union" (1941) directed by Fritz Lang. In 1943 he starred with Glenn Ford in the western "The Desperadoes", directed by Charles Vidor. Some of his classic 1940 was "Belle of the Yukon" (1944), as Gentleman Jack, and "Badman's Territory" (1946), as Sheriff Mark Rowley. Scott also co-starred with John Wayne in "Pittsburgh" (1942), and with Charles Laughton in "Captain Kidd" (1945), two films from the 1940s. 1950s. The 1950 was one of the best for Scott stars in dozens of western. Among his films are "7th Cavalry" (1956), he plays the role of Capt. Tom Benson. a Capt accused of cowardice, "The Tall T" (1957), as Pat Brennan, a cowboy who is kidnapped with a woman, the villain is Frank Usher, played by Richard Boone, and "Ride Lonesome" (1959), with Pernell Roberts. In "Comanche Station" (1960), Scott is Jefferson Cody, A cowboy saves a woman who had been kidnapped by Indians Comanches, then struggles to get both of them home alive. This western was directed by Budd Boetticher, and written by Burt Kennedy. And his last western was "Ride the High Country" (1962), with Joel McCrea. Scott played role of Gil Westrum, an old gunslinger who with McCrea help a young woman escape from the bandits who pursue. Nichiren Nichiren (16 February 1222 - 13 October 1282) was a Buddhism priest who lived in Japan. He is often called "Nichiren", "Nichi" means "sun" and "ren" means "lotus". The type of Buddhism he founded is known as Nichiren Buddhism. Nichiren's actions and writings are the basis of the modern Buddhist organization Soka Gakkai International (SGI). According to SGI's interpretation of Buddhism, it is through faith, practice and study that people can tap into their Buddha nature, become truly happy, and build a peaceful society. Faith refers to the belief in the concept known as "the mystic law of the universe." Practice means to chant every day the phrase "Nam-myo-ho-renge-kyo" and sections from the Lotus Sutra while sitting in front of the Gohonzon, a sacred scroll that hangs in the butsudan (an altar). Practice also entails telling other people about Nichiren Buddhism. Study means reading the writings of Nichren and discussing the readings with other people. Bass Reeves Bass Reeves (1838-1910) was an African American sheriff in Arkansas, who brought in hundreds of convicts. He was born as a slave, but then escaped his abusive master. He was one of the first African Americans to work in law enforcement west of the Mississippi River. Stereotypic movement disorder People with stereotypic movement disorder often hurt themselves. Some people make behaviors such as keeping their hands in their pockets, to prevent these movements. Cause of stereotypic movement disorder is certain physical conditions, head injuries and use of some drugs (cocaine). Childhood habits can result in negative social interactions and avoidance by peers and family members. Some repetitive behaviors can cause damage. The most common treatment approaches used for children with this condition are therapies aimed at reducing stress that may trigger the movements and changing behaviors. Some medications may also help reduce stereotypic behavior. Naltrexone has been used with some success in reducing stereotypic self-injurious behavior. In some cases, antidepressants such as Prozac, Zoloft and Luvox (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), or Anafranil (a tricyclic antidepressant) may be helpful. Gannet Gannets are seabirds in the genus Morus. They are related to boobies. They are large white and black with yellow heads. They have long, pointed wings and long bills. Gannets only lay one blue egg. Gannets can dive from a height of , and hit the water with great speed. This can carry them to a depth of . The bird can then keep going deeper using its wings and feet. Some have been known to dive deeper than . Cabot High School Cabot High School (CHS) is a public high school for students in grades nine through twelve in Cabot, Arkansas. Cabot High School is administered by the Cabot Public School District, which covers Cabot, Austin, Ward, and northern Lonoke County. CHS has been accredited by the North Central Association since 1967. Academics. As of 2010, the school offers Advanced Placement Program (AP) exams in the following areas: School clubs. Cabot High has the following clubs for students to join: Athletics. The Cabot Panthers' football team has had success during the tenure of Coach Mike Malham. The Panthers won the state championship in 1983 and 2000 and were state championship runners-up in 1997 and 1998. The Cabot Panthers Golf team has won multiple titles in the past two decades. Other sports at Cabot High include Baseball, Boys Basketball, Girls Basketball, Cross Country, Soccer, Softball, Cheerleading, Dance Team, Swimming, Tennis, Track, Bowling, Volleyball, and Wrestling. Mazon Creek Mazon Creek is a lagerstätte in northeast Illinois. It is a site of exceptional fossil preservation from the Pennsylvanian sub-period of the Carboniferous, about 309 million years ago. The area was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1997. The site's greatest find is the oldest-known beetle. Palaeoecology. The sediments were laid in a gigantic tropical estuary, a river delta with shifting channels and mud and sand bars. Much of the continent was then covered by a great internal epeiric sea, which sometimes swept over the area, and then withdrew. Coal measures are formed like this. A low-lying tropical swamp or rain forest forms a peat swamp which is short of oxygen. Dead plant material builds up, and does not decompose entirely. The plant material gets buried as a peat bog. From time to time rivers bring down a load of sediment from nearby mountains, covering the swamp. Eventually layers of coal alternate with layers of sandy deposit. Pressure turns it all into hard rock. Later on, the rocks are uncovered by erosion, and fossils can be found by humans. The huge growth of vegetation at this time produced coal measures, and the fossils were found in concretions (hard balls) in the spoil heaps of coal mines. The concretions are caused by iron carbonate, FeCO3, which makes the parcel of mud and organic material into hard balls. Flora and fauna. Fossil specimens have been found which belong to these groups of plants and animals: Diocese of Truro The Diocese of Truro is a Church of England diocese in the Province of Canterbury. The area included in the diocese is that of the county of Cornwall including the Isles of Scilly. It was formed in 1876 from the western parts of the Diocese of Exeter and the first bishop was appointed in 1877. The Christian faith has been alive in the region since at least the 4th century AD. Many of the communities in the diocese, as well as the parish churches, bear a Celtic saint's name, which is a reminder of the links with other Celtic lands. The head of the diocese is the bishop of Truro, Tim Thornton, and the cathedral is in Truro. There are 225 parishes with a little more than 300 church buildings in the diocese. Makaton Makaton is a set of simple sign language and black-and-white symbols (pictures) which are used alongside simple talk. Makaton is a sign language that is free to teach other people but it is also sold, taught, guarded and checked up on by the business which started it. Makaton started with simple ordinary English and British Sign Language hand-signs; the pictures were added later. It is now used all over the world and changed for the country it is used in. It uses the same hand-signs as the sign language of the country it is used in but not in the same way. For example, in Britain, Makaton hand-signing is mostly made from BSL (British Sign Language), but the signs are used in a different order alongside the simple spoken words. Makaton is mainly taught to children and adults with special needs in speech and language, with or without hearing problems, by teachers, teaching assistants and childcare practitioners, carers or caregivers such as parents, grandparents, foster carers, other friends and family, and specialist clinicians such as speech and language therapists. Makaton is also popular to use with babies - "baby signing". In British television, Justin Fletcher uses Makaton signing in "Something Special", a series of television programmes aimed at children with special needs shown on CBeebies. It was also used by Dave Benson Phillips while telling nursery rhymes on BBC children's television years earlier than this. In schools and nursery schools and childcare as well as at home Makaton signs and symbols are often used alongside other ways of talking and showing like photographs and "PECS", which are drawn colour pictures of parts of a routine, like washing hands, eating a snack, or using the toilet. This way of using different ways of showing routines and making requests for people with communication problems is sometimes called "total communication". Cladocera Cladocera is an order of small crustaceans commonly called water fleas. Around 620 species have been recognised so far, with many more undescribed. They are everywhere in inland aquatic habitats, but rare in the oceans. Most are long, with a down-turned head, and a carapace covering the thorax and abdomen. There is a single median compound eye. They swim with jerking flea-like movements. Most species show cyclical parthenogenesis, where asexual reproduction is occasionally supplemented by sexual reproduction. The sexual reproduction produces resting eggs that allow the species to survive harsh conditions and disperse to distant habitats. Old Red Sandstone The Old Red Sandstone is a dark red sandstone laid down mainly in the Devonian period over a large part of the continent of Laurussia. The base of the ORS is now known to be in the Silurian and the top in the Carboniferous. Laurussia is often called the Old Red Continent, or Euramerica. It included what is now much of northern Europe, Greenland and North America. It was, at the time, between 0o and 30o south of the equator. History. The Old Red Sandstone (ORS) was first discovered in Great Britain, and it played a big part in early geology. The term 'Old Red Sandstone' was first used in 1821 by Scottish naturalist and mineralogist Robert Jameson. In 1787 James Hutton saw what is now known as Hutton's Unconformity at Jedburgh in the Scottish Borders. Later, on the Berwickshire coast, he found Siccar Point. There was "a beautiful picture of this junction washed bare by the sea", where 345 million year old Devonian Old Red Sandstone overlies 425 million year old Silurian greywacke. The sequence of events. The unconformity represents a gap in the record of geological time. During this time the rocks were raised above sea level, and erosion took place. Folding and faulting occurred. The mountains were formed when a section of northwestern Europe collided with a continental plate made up of parts of present-day North America and Greenland. The lower strata tilted almost vertical. The ORS rocks were deposited in a series of low-lying terrestrial basins, with lakes and rivers. These basins were between ranges of the Caledonian mountains. The ORS was laid down in this non-marine terrestrial environment. Thick deposits of sand and mud, 11,000 metres (36,000 feet) deep, often stained red by oxidized iron minerals, collected as the basins sank down. The ORS was laid down over a long period of time from the latest Silurian to the earliest Carboniferous (Mississippian), 418–355 million years ago. Variations. The ORS is a rock formation which varies from place to place as the circumstances at the time must have varied. The dark red colour of these rocks comes from iron oxide. However, not all the Old Red Sandstone is red or sandstone — the sequence also includes conglomerates, mudstones, siltstones and thin limestones and colours can range from grey and green through red to purple. These deposits got sediment from the erosion of the Caledonian Mountain chain. This was built by the collision of the former continents to make the Old Red Sandstone Continent. This sequence is known as the Caledonian orogeny. Joe Flanigan Joe Flanigan (born January 5, 1967) is an American television actor. He is best known for playing the character Major/Lt. Colonel John Sheppard in "Stargate Atlantis". He shares his birthday with "Stargate Atlantis" co-star Paul McGillion. Craftsman architecture Craftsman was a style of architecture in the United States in the early 20th century. It is called that because Gustav Stickley, a craftsman furniture maker, had a magazine called "The Craftsman". The movement was part of the Arts and Crafts movement that started in England in the late 19th century. It wanted a "simpler way of life" that was not like American and English industrialized society. Architects such as Greene and Greene designed Craftsman homes such as the Gamble House. These houses were well-made, but did not have a lot of ornamentation. Often they played off of natural themes. A smaller version of the craftsman home was the bungalow. By the 1910s, Craftsman bungalows were being built in large numbers in and around American cities. Besides America and England, there was a lot of Craftsman architecture in Japan. Eugène Dubois Marie Eugène François Thomas Dubois (28 January 1858 – 16 December 1940) was a Dutch paleoanthropologist. He earned worldwide fame for his discovery of "Pithecanthropus erectus" (later redesignated "Homo erectus"), or 'Java Man'. Although hominid fossils had been found and studied before, Dubois was the first anthropologist to embark upon a purposeful search for them. Hominid discoveries. Between 1887 and 1895, Dubois searched at potential sites near rivers and in caves, first on the island of Sumatra, then on the island of Java. In 1891, Dubois discovered remains of what he described as "a species in between humans and apes". He called his finds "Pithecanthropus erectus" ("ape-human that stands upright") or Java Man. Today, they are classified as "Homo erectus" ("human that stands upright"). These were the first specimens of early hominid remains to be found outside of Africa or Europe. In 1895, Dubois returned to Europe and toured the continent to convince his colleagues that he had indeed found a missing link. Although most anthropologists were intrigued, they did not always agree with Dubois' interpretations. After that, Dubois refused others access to his fossils, until he was forced to do so in 1923. Torri Higginson Sarah Victoria "Torri" Higginson (born Burlington, Ontario, December 6, 1969) is a Canadian actress. She is best known for her roles in the "TekWar" movies and series, "The English Patient", "Bliss", and "Stargate Atlantis". Career. Higginson took over the role of Dr. Elizabeth Weir from Jessica Steen in a guest spot on the season eight opener of "Stargate SG-1". She was then carried over as the leader of the Atlantis expedition on "Stargate Atlantis" and played that role until the end of the show's third season. She was reduced from a main cast member to a recurring role in the fourth season. She did not play the role for the show's fifth season. Rachel Luttrell Rachel Luttrell (born 19 January 1971) is an actress. She is best known for her roles as Veronica Beck in the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation TV series "Street Legal" and Teyla Emmagan, an Athosian warrior leader on "Stargate Atlantis". Sun angle Sun angle is the angle of incidence at which sunlight strikes the Earth at a particular time and place. In most places the Sun rises in the morning, is highest at noon, and sets in the evening. In different seasons the Sun is farther north or south. The angle controls the amount of heat energy received at this place, so summer days are usually warmer than winter nights. Seasonal change in the angle of sunlight, caused by the tilt of the Earth's axis, is the basic mechanism that results both in warmth of the weather and in length of the day. Huntington Beach, California Huntington Beach is a ocean town in Orange County, California. According to the 2010 Census estimate, the number of people living in Huntington Beach is 202,556. This makes it one of the largest cities in Orange County in the number of people, or population. It is has the Pacific Ocean on the southwest, Seal Beach in the northwest, Costa Mesa to the east, Newport Beach on the southeast, Westminster to the north, and Fountain Valley to the northeast. Huntington Beach is well known for its 8.5 mile (13.7 km) strip of beach running down the west side. The beach is a very good place for surfing. Several surfing meets are held there each year. The beach is named for Henry E. Huntington, the head of the Pacific Electric Railway. The PE served Huntington Beach for many years. 2001 Sino-Russian Treaty of Friendship The Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation Between the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation (FCT) is a treaty outlining a twenty-year cooperation between China and Russia. It was signed by the leaders of the two world powers, Jiang Zemin and Vladimir Putin, on July 16, 2001. Contents of the treaty. The treaty describes actions that should be taken by the two countries to establish for peaceful relations and economic cooperation, as well as diplomatic and political reliance. Article 9 of the treaty has started controversy because it may be viewed as a defense pact, meaning if one of the two countries becomes involved in a war, the other country must help them. Additionally, articles A7 and A16 point at increasing military cooperation, including the sharing of "military know-how" (A16), namely, Chinese access to Russian military technology. The treaty also describes a mutual, cooperative approach to environmental technology regulations and energy conservation; and toward international finance and trade. The document affirms Russia's stand on Taiwan as "an inalienable part of China" (A5), and highlights the commitment to ensure the "national unity and territorial integrity" in the two countries (A4). Possible benefits. Analysts have pointed out several different reasons for the FCT, mostly involving benefits for both China and Russia. Fear of US influence. Both China and Russia fear the United States (especially following its strengthened geopolitical position following the September 11, 2001 attacks) becoming involved in areas which they believe should only be affected by their respective spheres of national influences and interests: for China, this largely involves Taiwan serving as a US client state, while for Russia it involves having various former Soviet Republics as US client states. Many of these do not border either country, though Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan border China, and Kazakhstan borders both. Economic competition with the US, Japan and the EU. The United States, Japan and the European Union are three economic powers which have a skilled workforce and access to capital. Russia and China can more effectively compete against these powers in the world economy if Russia has access to Chinese capital and China has access to Russian training and technology. Einstein field equations The Einstein field equations, or Einstein-Hilbert equations, or simply Einstein equations are equations that describe gravity in the classical sense. They are named after Albert Einstein and David Hilbert. The basic idea is to use geometry to model the effects of gravity. The usual form of the equations is that of nonlinear partial differential equations. Such equations are usually solved by approximation. An exact solution can be obtained in special cases, where certain assumptions are dropped, or simplified. Mathematical Interpretation. Einstein used mathematical objects called "tensors" to describe the curvature of spacetime to define gravity. The equation below is the general form of the EFE : formula_1 Where Rμv is known as the "Ricci curvature tensor", gμv is the "metric tensor", "R" is the scalar curvature, Λ is the "cosmological constant", "G" is the gravitational constant, π is pi, c is the speed of light, and Tμv is called the "stress-energy tensor". A simpler way for non-math people to understand this is to place a large leaden ball on a rubber sheet suspended between four poles. The rubber sheet will sag from the weight of the lead ball, and if you spin a marble on the sheet it will circle the lead ball, just as the earth circles the sun. The reason is not that there is any attraction between the sun and the earth but that the earth follows the straightest path it can follow in curved space-time. Mie scattering Mie scattering is the way that light scatters when it hits an object. It is named after the German physicist, Gustav Mie. This theory is good for all wavelengths of light, and all object sizes. If the object is much smaller than the wavelength of light, Rayleigh scattering theory is also quite good. When the object is big, the light can hit many places on the object. A quite good formula for the scattering is: Clint Walker Clint Walker (born Norman Eugene Walker; May 30, 1927 – May 21, 2018) was an American actor. Career. Clint Walker began his career playing role Tarzan in "Jungle Gents" (1954), then played the role of Sardinian, in the classical biblical movie "The Ten Commandments" (1956). Clint made several western movies on the big screen "Fort Dobbs" (1958), and Yellowstone Kelly (1959), directed by Gordon Douglas, Gold of the Seven Saints (1961), with Roger Moore, More Dead Than Alive (1969) with Vincent Price, Sam Whiskey (1969) with Burt Reynolds. And the western starring with Charles Bronson, "The White Buffalo" (1977). He also starred in television Westerns "Yuma" (1971) and "The Bounty Man" (1972). Among his best works is the war movie "The Dirty Dozen" (1967), with Lee Marvin, He plays one of the dozen prisoners, who are elected by Marvin for a suicide mission. Walker also worked with Frank Sinatra in war movie, "None But the Brave" (1965), directed by Frank Sinatra. Cheyenne. In 1955 he was hired to star in the ABC TV series "Cheyenne", in which he played cowboy adventurer Cheyenne Bodie who, after the Civil War, roamed the Wild-West fighting bandits, cattle rustlers and Native American rebels. The series aired between 1955 and 1963 over more than 108 episodes. It was very successful, despite Clint's less-than-enthusiastic acceptance of the punishing demands of TV stardom. Death. Walker died from congestive heart failure on May 21, 2018 in Grass Valley, California at the age of 90. Hope, British Columbia Hope is a district municipality in British Columbia, Canada. Hope is in the confluence of both of the Fraser and Coquihalla rivers. As of 2006, 6,185 people lived there. The current mayor of Hope is Laurie French. During World War II there was a internment camp in Hope for the Canadians of Japanese extraction. Princeton, British Columbia Princeton is a Canadian district municipality in British Columbia, Canada. Princeton is in the Similkameen region of British Columbia. The population of Princeton as of 2006 is 2,677. The current mayor of Princeton is Randy McLean. Princeton is also known for it's castle, which is on the outskirts of Princeton. The castle is now a resort. Merritt, British Columbia Merritt is a Canadian city in British Columbia, Canada. Marritt is in the south-central Interior of British Columbia and also in the Nicola Valley. As of 2006, Marritt had 6,998 people. The current mayor of Merritt is Susan Roline. Merritt is home to a BCHL (British Columbia Hockey League) team called the Merritt Centennials which is the oldest ice hockey team in the league. In 2008, the Country Music Hall of Fame relocated from Calgary to Merritt. Rayleigh scattering Rayleigh scattering is the way that light scatters when it hits a very small object. This theory is valid if the wavelength of the light is much bigger than the object. It is named after Lord Rayleigh but was also the work of Raman and Krishnan as it is part of the Raman scattering theory. John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, OM (12 November 1842 – 30 June 1919) was an English Physicist. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904. He discovered argon and Rayleigh scattering. Big Fat Liar Big Fat Liar is an 2002 teen comedy movie that was produced by Michael Goldman, Marie Cantin, Brian Robbins and Michael Tollin and was directed by Shawn Levy. Big Fat Liar was released on February 8, 2002 in North America. The movie received mixed reviews with a 44% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 36 out of 100 from Metacritic. Kunal Nayyar Kunal Nayyar (born 30 April 1981) is a British-Indian actor. He is best known for playing "Rajesh Koothrappali", an astrophysicist on the television series, "The Big Bang Theory". He also played a terrorist in the series, "NCIS". He was born in London, England and was raised in New Delhi, India. 3 Juno 3 Juno (symbol: ) is a main belt asteroid discovered by Karl Ludwig Harding on September 1, 1804. Juno was the third asteroid discovered in the Solar System and is named after Juno, the Roman goddess that is the queen of all gods. Juno is an S-type asteroid, and is estimated to contain 1% of the total mass of the asteroid belt. Monzón Monzón is a city in Aragón, in Spain. It is about 60 km east of the capital of the province (Huesca). As of the 2010 census, 17,115 people lived there. The city has a long history. In it, the James I of Aragon was trained in its castle by the knights templar, being a strategic spot between Segre and Cinca valleys. Furthermore, the city owned the Aragonese corts in many times. Cardinal Richelieu and Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares signed a treaty here, ending the conflict over Valtelline in 1626. In the present, Monzón has a sporty tradition, with its slogan "Monzón, cuna de deportistas" (Monzón, birthplace of sportmen). Among them are Conchita Martínez, the only Spanish woman to win the most important and ancient tournament in tennis, Wimbledon, and Eliseo Martín, bronze medal winner in the 3000m steeplechase in the Paris World Championships (2003) - the only non African athlete to get a medal in those Champìonships since 1993. But Monzon has also been home to Olympic athletes, including Javier Moracho (110 m hurdles) - Spanish record holder for almost 20 years - the decathlete Álvaro Burrell, and the renowned pole vaulter Javier Gazol. Jackie Gayda Jacquelyn Suzanne Gayda-Haas (born November 3, 1981 in Strongsville, Ohio) is a semi-retired American professional wrestler who was best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Entertainment and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). She won the second season of Tough Enough. She is married to Charlie Haas who she married in 2005. Championships and awards. Gayda won many things during her professional wrestling career: Glenn Gilbertti Glenn Gilbertti (born November 12, 1968 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American professional wrestler who was best known for wrestling with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) under the ring name, Disco Inferno. He currently works as a host at the Sapphire Gentlemen's Club, which is a strip club in Las Vegas, Nevada. Championships and awards. Gilbertti won many championships during his professional wrestling career: Ceratophyllum Ceratophyllum is a genus of flowering plants, commonly found in ponds, marshes, and quiet streams in tropical and in temperate regions. "Ceratophyllum" grows completely submerged, usually, though not always, floating on the surface, and does not tolerate drought. The plant stems can reach 1–3 m in length. At intervals along nodes of the stem they produce rings of bright green leaves, which are narrow and often much-branched. The forked leaves are brittle and stiff to the touch in some species, softer in others. Christoph Leitgeb Christoph Leitgeb (born 14 April 1985 in Graz) is a former Austrian football player. He played in the Austrian Bundesliga for F. C. Red Bull Salzburg and Sturm Graz as midfielder. He also plays in the nationalteam and was member of Austrias team for the Euro 2008. Career. He started playing football in the youth teams of SK Sturm Graz in his hometown. In the 2005/06 season he played his first match in the first team of Sturm Graz. The first goal he scored was on 22 April 2006 against Red Bull Salzburg. After two seasons with Sturm Graz he signed with FC Red Bull Salzburg. In his first year he played regularly, but in his second year he had problems with his knees. The following years he came back and played very often from the beginning. After spending 12 years in Salzburg he went back to SK Sturm Graz. In 2020 he ended his career and works now as scout for SK Sturm. International career. His first international match was in a friendly against Croatia on 23 June 2006. (1:4) Till today he played 27 times in the national team of Austria. In the Euro he played in the second match versus Poland (0:1) and the third match versus Germany where he came on in minute 55 for Martin Hiden. (0:1) CHERUB CHERUB is a series of young adult spy books. It is written by English author Robert Muchamore. The series is about a division of the British Security Service named CHERUB. CHERUB takes on children, mostly orphans, as spies. CHERUB stands for Charles Henderson's Espionage Research Unit B. This was revealed in the book "Secret Army", a book in Muchamore's other series, "Henderson's Boys". Diocese of Exeter The Diocese of Exeter is a diocese of the Church of England including the whole of Devon, and it is one of the largest in England. The head of the diocese is the bishop, Michael Langrishe, and the cathedral is in the city of Exeter. It is part of the Province of Canterbury. Two other bishops and four archdeacons help the bishop of the diocese oversee all the Anglican parishes and congregations of Devon. There are 506 parishes in this diocese. Before the founding of the Diocese of Truro in 1876 the whole of Cornwall was also part of the Diocese of Exeter. Portrait of an American Family Portrait of an American Family is the first studio album by American rock band, Marilyn Manson. It was released on July 19, 1994. The producers of the album were Trent Reznor and Marilyn Manson. The bassist for the band, Gidget Gein, was fired after the making of the album. Antichrist Superstar Antichrist Superstar is the second studio album by American rock band, Marilyn Manson. It was released on October 8, 1996. The producers of the album were Trent Reznor, Dave Ogilvie, Marilyn Manson and Sean Beavan. There were many protest from religious and civic groups such as the American Family Association because of the band's anti-Christian views. Mechanical Animals Mechanical Animals is the third studio album by American rock band, Marilyn Manson. It was released on September 14, 1998. The producers of the album were Michael Beinhorn, Marilyn Manson and Sean Beavan. The album received controversy from Wal-Mart because of the album's artwork which features Manson covered from head to toe in latex paint. His genitals are covered by a thin cup of plastic that creates the androgynous appearance of an alien figure that he calls "Omēga". Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death) Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death) is the fourth studio album by American rock band, Marilyn Manson. It came out on November 13, 2000 in the United Kingdom, November 14, 2000 in Australia and United States and on December 5, 2000 in Japan. The producers of the album were Marilyn Manson and Dave Sardy. The album was the first album that Marilyn Manson released after the Columbine High School massacre that took place on April 20, 1999. Welsh Springer Spaniel The Welsh Springer Spaniel is a breed of dog and a member of the spaniel family. They are similar to the English Springer Spaniel and historically have also been called the Welsh Spaniel and the Welsh Cocker Spaniel. This breed is usually energetic and helps hunters. They are used as a flushing dog. They are closely related to the English Springer Spaniel and the Cocker Spaniel. Roman influence in Caucasian Albania Caucasian Albania was the area of modern-day Azerbaijan. It was a client state of the Roman Empire for four centuries around the time of Christ. Its influence over the region started in the first century before Christ and lasted until around 250 AD. Around 299 AD, Albania was again a "nominal" vassal state of emperor Diocletianus for a few years more. Rome controlled Caucasian Albania only as a client or vassal state. It was never able to fully make it a part of the Roman Empire, like a "province" (as happened with its neighbour, Armenia). In these centuries Rome brought Christianity to the Caucasian Albanians, with a western cultural influence that has lasted until contemporary Azerbaijan. Even if few Azerbaijanis are Christians today, the writing system they use is the Roman alphabet. A second and final influence came from the Eastern Roman Empire when emperor Heraclius was able to take control of Caucasian Albania in 627 AD with help from the Gokturks of the Western Turkic Khaganate, in the Third Perso-Turkic War. History. There was an enduring relation between Caucasian Albania and Ancient Rome. In 65 BC, the Roman general Pompey, who had just subjugated Armenia and Iberia and had conquered Colchis, entered Albania at the head of his army. Crossing the arid province of Cambysenē (Kambičan)—recently seized from the Armenians by the Albanians—he turned in the direction of the Caspian Sea. In fording the Alazan river, he clashed with the forces of Oroezes, king of Albania, and eventually defeated them. Pompey ensured the control of Albanians nearly reaching the Caspian sea before returning to Anatolia. But the Albanians, influenced by the Parthian Empire were not slow to revolt against Rome: in 36 BC Mark Antony found himself obliged to send one of his lieutenants to bring an end to their rebellion. Zober, who was then king of Albania, capitulated and Albania thus became -at least in name- a "Roman protectorate", starting a condition of vassalage that lasted for nearly three centuries. A king of Albania appears in the list of dynasties whose ambassadors were received by Augustus. In 35 AD King Pharasmanes of Iberia and his brother Mithridates, with the support of Rome, confronted the Parthians in Armenia: the Albanians proved effective allies, contributing to the defeat and temporary eviction of the Parthians. Emperor Nero prepared in 67 AD a military expedition in the Caucasus: he wanted to defeat the barbarian Alans and conquer for Rome all the northern shores of the Black sea from actual Georgia-Azerbaijan to what is now Romania-Moldavia, but his death stopped it. Successively Vespasian was determined to restore and reinforce the full authority of Rome in the Caucasus as far as the Caspian. The presence of a detachment of the Legio XII Fulminata at a distance of some kilometers from the shores of that sea (69 km south of Baku) is attested by an inscription drawn up between 83 and 96 AD in the reign of Domitian. In 75 AD, XII "Fulminata" was in Caucasus, where Emperor Vespasian had sent the legion to support the allied kingdoms of Iberia and Albania. An inscription has been found in Azerbaijan which reads: , "Under imperator Domitian, Caesar, Augustus Germanicus, Lucius Julius Maximus, Legio XII Fulminata". Some historians argue that the actual settlement of "Ramana" near Baku was possibly founded by the Roman troops of Lucius Julius Maximus from "Legio XII Fulminata" in the first century AD and derives its name from the Latin "Romana". Among the facts that strengthen this hypothesis are the military-topoghraphical map of Caucasus published in 1903 by Russian Administration which spells name of town as "Romana", various Roman artefacts found in the Absheron region and also old inhabitants' referring to the town as "Romani". Additionally, Ramana is positioned in an area perfectly suited for a Roman "castrum" to control nearby Baku' s port, on the commercial sea route (through the Caspian sea) between the Caucasus and the Central Asia plains. Despite the growth of Roman influence, Albania never ceased to remain in commercial and probably also cultural contact with Persia, but with Trajan in 114 AD Roman control over Caucasian Albania was nearly complete with top social levels fully romanized. During the reign of Roman emperor Hadrian (117-138) Albania was invaded by the Alans, an Iranian nomadic group. This invasion promoted an alliance between Rome and the Albanians that was reinforced under Antoninus Pius in 140 AD. Sassanians occupied the area around 240 Ad but after a few years the Roman Empire regained control of Caucasian Albania. In 297 AD the treaty of Nisibis stipulated the reestablishment of the Roman protectorate over Caucasian Iberia and Caucasian Albania. But fifty years later Rome lost the area that since then remained an integral part of the Sassanian Empire for more than two centuries. In the late sixth century the territory of Albania became again an arena of wars between Sassanian Persia and the Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire. During the third Perso-Turkic War, the Khazars (Gokturks) invaded Albania, and their leader Ziebel declared himself "Lord of Albania" in 627 AD under the Roman Heraclius rule, levying a tax on merchants and the fishermen of the Kura and Araxes rivers, which was "in accordance with the land survey of the kingdom of Persia". The Albanian kings retained their rule by paying tribute to the regional powers. Caucasian Albania was later conquered by the Arabs in 643 AD, during the Islamic conquest of Persia. Roman legacy. Rome has left a huge cultural legacy to actual Azerbaijan: not only the Latin alphabet and the western-oriented society of contemporary Azerbaijanis, but even - like in Armenia and Georgia - the Christian faith (even if actually has few worshippers). Christianity started to enter Caucasian Albania, according to Movses Kaghankatvatsi, as early as during the 1st century, exactly when Romans imposed their initial control on Albania. The first Christian church in the region was built by St. Eliseus, a disciple of Thaddeus of Edessa, at a place called Gis and is believed to be the modern-day "Church of Kish". After Armenia under Roman influence adopted Christianity as its state religion (301 AD), the Caucasian Albanian king Urnayr went to the See of the Armenian Apostolic Church to receive baptism from St. Gregory the Illuminator, the first "Patriarch of Armenia". Christianity reached its golden age in the late fifth century under Vachagan the Pious (ruled 487–510 AD), who launched a campaign - influenced by Byzantine priests - against idol worship in Caucasian Albania and discouraged Persian Zoroastrianism. After the Muslim invasions of the 7th century the original Christians have nearly disappeared from actual Azerbaijan. The only remaining Caucasian Albanians are the Udi people, who maintain the Christian faith of their Roman influenced ancestors. The last 7000 Udi live mostly in the village of Nij of the region of Kabala and Oguz (former Vartashen), but a few can be found in the capital Baku. National Space Science Data Center The National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) is an archive that stores NASA space science mission data. "Space science" means astronomy and astrophysics, solar and space plasma physics, and planetary and lunar science. It also stores space physics mission data. The NSSDC was first established at the Goddard Space Flight Center in 1966. Disneyland (disambiguation) Disneyland is the original Disney theme park in Anaheim, California. Disneyland may also refer to: Disney California Adventure Disney California Adventure, also called just California Adventure, is a theme park in Anaheim, California, across from Disneyland Park and part of the larger Disneyland Resort. The park is owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company. It opened on February 8, 2001 as Disney's California Adventure Park. On May 28, 2010, it was announced through the official Disney Parks Blog that Disney's California Adventure Park would be renamed Disney California Adventure. The park is and has of five areas: Sunshine Plaza, Hollywood Pictures Backlot, The Golden State, A Bug's Land and Paradise Pier. Each space is meant to look like different parts of California, its culture, landmarks and history. In 2009, the park had around 6.05 million guests, making it the 11th-most visited theme park in the world, its highest ever attendance total for a calendar year. The pre­vi­ous record-holder was Warner Bros. Movie World, 338 days after its open­ing. Areas. Sunshine Plaza. Sunshine Plaza is the main entrance into the park. It is designed to look like a California postcard. After guests pass the ticket counter, they walk under a mock-up of San Francisco Bay's Golden Gate Bridge, which disguises a portion of the resort's monorail track. At the ends of the faux Golden Gate Bridge are two massive murals of various landmarks and mountain ranges in California. After passing under the bridge, guests reach the main area of Sunshine Plaza that leads to the park's Hollywood Picture Backlot and Golden State. Sunshine Plaza is also home to a replica of the California Zephyr, which houses the plaza's two counter service restaurants: Baker's Field Bakery and Bur-r-r Bank Ice Cream. Paradise Pier. Paradise Pier is themed after a Victorian-era California boardwalk, based on popular coastal boardwalks such as the Santa Monica Pier and the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk. The land's attractions, such as "California Screamin’", resemble the classic amusement park rides found at many boardwalks. California Screamin' recently got new audio on the ride and was given a complete repaint (track, supports and trains). "Toy Story Midway Mania!" is an interactive 3D ride inspired by classic midway games. "Mickey's Fun Wheel" (formerly the "Sun Wheel") is a -wide Ferris wheel overlooking Paradise Bay, a large body of water that dominates the Paradise Pier area. "World of Color" is a show performed by water fountains, water cannons, and multicolored lights in Paradise Bay. It plays on select evenings and showcases many Disney and Pixar movie moments. A section of Paradise Pier was themed after the Historic U.S. Route 66, a desert road area that starts with Paradise Pier's crashed fireboat, the S.S. rustworthy. Notable attractions are the "Jumpin' Jellyfish" and "Golden Zephyr". Golden State. This land looks like natural California, with lots of plants native to the state. It is split into five sub-lands: Condor Flats. This sub-land is themed after an airfield in tribute to California's pilots and engineers from the 1940s to the mid-60s. It has walls made of old railroad ties, and World War II runway mats out and around. The main ride here is Soarin' Over California, a ride that simulates a hang glider tour of California. Also in this area are the Taste Pilot's Grill counter service restaurant, a shop, and a water play area outside of Soarin' Over California, with a giant rocket jet that sprays mist. The number 47 is hidden in various places as a reference to 1947, the year the sound barrier was broken. Also, the clock on the Fly 'N Buy Souvenir Shop is stopped at the exact time the sound barrier was broken on Oct 14, 1947 by Chuck Yeager. Grizzly Peak Recreation Area. This sub-land is themed after California's wilderness, such as Yosemite and Redwood national parks. Attractions include Grizzly River Run, a fast-paced river rapids ride around Grizzly Peak, the park's icon. Nearby is the Redwood Creek Challenge Trail; a playground area which includes a show with characters from Disney's "Brother Bear" called The Magic of Brother Bear. A special entrance to Disney's Grand Californian Hotel is also in this area. The Bay Area. This sub-land is themed after the San Francisco Bay area. It used to feature "Golden Dreams", a film about the history of California, starring Whoopi Goldberg. Its last showing was on September 7, 2008. Outside of the theatre is a mural and a replica of the Palace of Fine Arts. The Bay Area also includes an avenue of houses similar to the Victorian architecture of many townhouses found in San Francisco. The main area is scheduled to be converted to (Voyage of The Little Mermaid), which is currently under construction. When Voyage of the Little Mermaid opens, this area will become part of Paradise Pier. Golden Vine Winery. This sub-land is themed after Northern California's Napa Valley and the winemaking industry. Included in this area is Wine Country Trattoria, a casual restaurant that serves wines and Italian foods. The former main attraction in this area, Seasons of the Vine, a film showcasing Napa Valley and the changes throughout the seasons, was housed in a wine cellar-like theatre. It closed on March 30, 2008 and was converted into the Walt Disney Imagineering Blue Sky Cellar, which opened in October 2008. The new attraction displays the upcoming changes to the park. The exhibits will be rotated every few months until 2012, when the major park improvement project is scheduled to be finished. Guests also have the opportunity to taste several wines for an additional price. Pacific Wharf. This sub-land is based on Monterey's Cannery Row area, especially as depicted in John Steinbeck's novels, and also resembles San Francisco's Fisherman's Wharf. This area includes the Cocina Cucamonga Mexican Grill, Pacific Wharf Cafe, and The Lucky Fortune Cookery Chinese restaurant, along with a Karl Strauss beer truck and a margarita stand. This sub-land also features attractions such as the Mission Tortilla Factory, which features a tour on how tortillas were once made, and showcases working corn and flour tortilla machines. Another attraction is the Boudin Bakery Tour, which is a tour of the sourdough bread making process with Rosie O'Donnell and Colin Mochrie as video tour guides. no WhiteWater World. Hollywood Pictures Backlot. Hollywood Pictures Backlot is an area styled to appear as Hollywood boulevards and movie backlots, with Hollywood, television, and movie-themed attractions. A version of the "Tower of Terror" attraction from Disney's Hollywood Studios opened in the Hollywood Pictures Backlot in 2004. The "Monsters, Inc. Mike & Sulley to the Rescue!" attraction is based on the characters from "Monsters, Inc.". The 2000-seat Hyperion Theater currently plays "". Also there since the park's opening is "Muppet Vision 3-D", a show that also originated at Disney's Hollywood Studios. Both the Tower of Terror and Muppet Vision 3-D benefited from the many advances and new technology made available to the imagineers since the original attractions opened in Florida. The "Hollywood Pictures Backlot" sign at the area's entrance, featuring two ceramic elephants sculptures atop columns, is an homage to a huge set constructed for the epic 1916 Hollywood film "Intolerance", directed by D.W. Griffith. The area's bathrooms are in the style of Frank Lloyd Wright's Storer House, in the Hollywood Hills area of Los Angeles. The stamped concrete structure is typical of Wright's pioneering design. "A Bug's Land". "A Bug's Land" is supposed to make guests feel as small as a bug, like the character of "Flik" from "A Bug's Life". Oversized human items are scattered around the land. This land features "Flik's Fun Fair," "It's Tough to be a Bug!" and the "Bountiful Valley Farm", based on the Disney-Pixar film "A Bug's Life". The land opened in 2002 and offers various kid-friendly attractions. Such attractions include Fliks Flyers, Francis' Ladybug Boogie, Tuck & Roll's Drive 'em Buggies, Heimlich's Chew Chew Train, and Dot's Puddle Park. Live entertainment. Characters. Many Disney characters can be found throughout the park, greeting visitors, interacting with children, and posing for photos. Some characters have specific areas where they are scheduled to appear, but can be found wandering as well. World of Color. "World of Color" is a new nighttime show at Disney California Adventure that was designed by Walt Disney Creative Entertainment. This show has more than 1200 fountains and includes lasers, lights, and fire with high-definition projections on mist screens similar to the ones used in Fantasmic! at Disneyland and Disney's Hollywood Studios at Walt Disney World in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. The show is expected to change regularly and have special shows for Halloween and Christmas, says show creator Steve Davison. Pixar Play Parade. "Pixar Play Parade" features floats and characters based on the Disney·Pixar films "Monsters Inc", "The Incredibles", "Ratatouille", "Finding Nemo", "A Bug's Life", and "Cars". ElecTRONica. Disney's "ElecTRONica" is an interactive nighttime dance party in Hollywood Pictures Backlot. It is considered a similar experience to Glow Fest, which was staged in the same area in summer 2010, but this party is themed to Disney's new film, "". ElecTRONica features lights, music, projections, and more to promote the new film. Past performances from live DJs include: Giang Star (Fridays), Michael Paul (Saturdays), Adam Auburn (Sundays) and Josh Billings. Initial lack of success. Disney’s California Adventure was expected to draw large crowds when it opened in 2001. A January 14, 2001, "Los Angeles Times" article titled "The most Jam-Packed Theme Park on Earth?" stated, "Senior Disney officials acknowledge that there will be days when California Adventure will have to turn patrons away, particularly in the first weeks after the park opens, during spring break and again in the summer." The actual attendance was not close to the size that Disney expected for the park back in 2001. It is the fourth Construction to get a construction opening, following Universal Studios Japan, Marina Bay Sands, and Six Flags Magic Mountain. Various reasons for this have been suggested: Disney's chief executive officer Robert Iger went on record during the company's annual stockholder meeting on March 10, 2006 when someone asked about a potential third park being built in Anaheim. "We're still working to assure the second gate is successful", Iger said, referring to California Adventure. "In the spirit of candor, we have been challenged." Re-imagineering and expansion plan. On October 17, 2007, The Walt Disney Company announced a multi-year, $1.1 billion expansion plan for Disney's California Adventure Park. Current plans for the renovation and expansion are on display for park visitors inside the Blue Sky Cellar at the Golden Vine Winery. Disney listened to the public and several of the attractions which drew criticism from the public will be removed in the redesign and expansion. Other rides will be redesigned or replaced with a larger focus on Disney characters and stories. On May 28, 2010, it was announced through the Disney Parks Blog that the park would also be receiving a slight name change, to Disney California Adventure, as well as a new logo. The new name took effect on June 11, 2010, appearing on park maps and banners, but was first used in a commercial promoting "World of Color" a few days prior. World of Color premiered on June 11, 2010, as part of Disney's Summer Nighttastic. The park, along with Six Flags Discovery Kingdom, marks the first time Construction opening two parks in one year. Ascorbic acid Ascorbic acid is a sugar acid. It is white to light-yellow in colour, and comes in the form of crystals or powder. It is water-soluble. Ascorbic acid is one form of vitamin C, and was historically the first chemical compound to be synthesized, and identified, as vitamin C. The name is derived from a- (meaning "no") and scorbutus (scurvy), the disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C. Seneca Falls Convention The Seneca Falls Convention was a meeting of people who supported Women's rights. It was at Seneca Falls, New York in on July 19 and July 20, 1848. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, a women's rights activist, wrote a "Declaration of Sentiments" that would list some things she believed and that would be talked about at the meaning. One of these ideas was that men and women are equal. Many of the people there were Quakers, which is a sect of Christianity. Over one hundred people who were there signed a document called the Seneca Falls Declaration. Both men and women signed it. One man at the meeting was Frederick Douglass. Background. Many women were upset that they did not have the same rights as men. They could not vote, sign contracts, or buy property. If they were married, they had to give any money they earned to their husbands. тhey also made less money than men. The Golden Age of Grotesque The Golden Age of Grotesque is the fifth studio album by American rock band, Marilyn Manson. It was released on May 13, 2003. The producers of the album were Marilyn Manson, Tim Sköld and Ben Grosse. The album was supposed to be Marilyn Manson's departure from music. Eat Me, Drink Me Eat Me, Drink Me is the sixth studio album by American rock band, Marilyn Manson. It was released on June 5, 2007. The producers of the album were Marilyn Manson and Tim Sköld. It was the last album to feature Tim Skold's contributions because he was replaced by Twiggy Ramirez in the following January. The High End of Low The High End of Low is the seventh studio album by American rock band, Marilyn Manson. It was released on May 20, 2009. The producers of the album were Sean Beavan, Marilyn Manson, Chris Vrenna and Jeordie White. Some critics said that they praised the album for showing a more human Manson after following his divorce, and is a return to the sound of the well-received Mechanical Animals. James B. Dudley James Benson Dudley (November 2, 1859 – April 4, 1925) was President of North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University from 1896 until his death in 1925. James B. Dudley High School in the town of Greensboro, North Carolina, where the Agricultural and Technical University is located, was named after Dudley because of his work for his community. Early life. Dudley was born on November 2, 1859. Dudley was an infant slave, born into slavery; his parents were owned by Edward B. Dudley the Governor of North Carolina from 1836 to 1841. The governor had a great impact on Dudley. One of the governor's thoughts was that all people need to be educated. Dudley kept these ideas in mind, and they affected everything he did for the rest of his life. Education. Most of the schools in the area were closed after the American Civil War because there was not enough money. Dudley was not able to go to school until 1867 (age 8) when a private school opened. Dudley was one of the first students to enroll. Dudley later went to public schools when they opened in his area, and learned Latin. After going to public school, Dudley attended the Institute for Colored Youth in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. For college Dudley attended Shaw College in Raleigh, North Carolina. During his education he focused on learning to become an teacher. In 1880, at age 21, Dudley took the North Carolina state test needed to become a teacher, and passed. Later he attended Harvard summer school and gained an Master of Arts from Livingstone College and a doctorate degree from Wilberforce University. Employment. Peabody Graded School. Dudley worked as a teacher. He first taught in a first-grade classroom in Sampson County. The following year he became principal of Peabody Graded School in Wilmington, North Carolina in 1881. The school at this time was one of a few "very good public schools for African Americans" in the area. He spent the next 15 years teaching in Wilmington. He was also President of the State Teachers' Association For Negroes for six years. Other Roles. He also worked editing and publishing the Wilmington Chronicle. He worked with the Chronicle for fifteen years. He was also register of deeds in Wilmington for a period of time, and organized the Perpetual Building and Loan Association. For twenty years he was the foreign correspondent for the Grand Lodge of Masons. He also represented the Republican Party at several conventions. In 1896 he attended the Republican National Convention in St. Louis, Missouri. As an influential person in the Republican Party, as well as having connections with the Farmer's Alliance, he helped to pass a bill in 1891 that led to the establishment of The Agricultural and Mechanical College for the Colored Race, which was later renamed North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University. In 1912 Dudley, along with the help of the director of the Agricultural Division of the college, Professor J.H. Bluford, organized the Farmers' Union and Co-operative Society. This group helped local unions in each county of the state. The aim of the society, which was said to have raised the living standards of African American farms in the area, was "to discourage the credit and mortgage system among Negro farmers in North Carolina; to assist them in the buying and selling of products; to control methods of production and distribution of farm products; and to secure uniform prices." The Agricultural and Mechanical College for the Colored Race. In 1895 the North Carolina Legislature appointed Dudley to the Board of Trustees for the College. Later that year he was made secretary of the Board, he was secretary until 1896 when the President John O. Crosby resigned. The next meeting of the Board of Trustees Dudley was voted by all of the members to become the 2nd President of the College. While he served as President, Dudley focused on making the information taught more relevant. He believed that it was best to aim what was taught towards jobs that were currently available. He wanted to give the men and women who attended his college to be able to get jobs and "raise the standard of living among their people." he expanded the curriculum to include carpentry, wood turning, bricklaying, blacksmithing, animal husbandry, horticulture and floriculture, mattress and broom making, shoe making, poultry raising, tailoring, electrical engineering, and domestic science. Along with adding these specific classes Dudley also added an entire teaching department to the school, that taught pupils to be a teacher while placing special emphasis on "courtesy, manners, and an appreciation to culture in general." Dudley himself was praised for his politeness. He also added a summer school program to the college. Agricultural and Technical College. In 1915-1916 the school changed its name to "Agricultural and Technical College". The change was because the college did not have enough money. Dudley decided that the best way to fix all of the problems faced by the college was to change everything. The college did not have enough money because there were not enough students to support it. The problem was because many people wanted "a professional or classical education. Especially, many parents wished their sons to become preachers, lawyers, teachers, or physicians." Trying to solve this problem Dudley started offering "a course study suited to the ability and needs of students." Another one of the problems was that many opposed the fact that both men and women were taught together student body. As a result when the school reopened it was an all male school. Death. Dudley's career ended while he was principal at the college. In early April 1925, Dudley left the college due to sudden severe headaches to go home and rest. For several days Dudley was able to attend to his duties from his home, until he died on April 4, 1925, at the age of 65. Dudley was buried in the Pine Forest cemetery on the northern end of 16th street in Wilmington, his home town. Duck and Cover Duck and Cover is a suggested method of protection from nuclear weapons. Duck and Cover is a method where the person must lay face-forward towards a wall or under a table in the fetal position. Today it is used for earthquakes and tornados. Schizophreniform disorder Schizophreniform disorder is a mental illness. Usually, people suffering from this disorder show certain symptoms of schizophrenia, but they do not have all of them, or the symptoms are not present long enough. To be recognised as schizophrenia, the symptoms need to be present a full six months. If symptoms are not present for that time period, the illness may be classified as shizophreniform disorder. The disorder can be treated in much the same way as schizophrenia. There are certain antipsychotic drugs and therapies that can help treat the symptoms. Posidoniaceae Posidoniaceae is a family of flowering plants. The APG II system classification accept this genus as constituting the sole genus which it places in the order Alismatales, in the clade monocots. Arma-Goddamn-Motherfuckin-Geddon "Arma-Goddamn-Motherfuckin-Geddon" is a industrial rock song by the American rock band Marilyn Manson and is the first single from their seventh studio album "The High End of Low", which was released in 2009. There is a remix of the song by the Swedish rock band, Teddybears. The song reached number 37 on the U.S. Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks. Geological formation A formation, or rock formation, is the fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy. A formation consists of a certain number of rock strata. They have similar lithology (rocks), sedimentary facies (appearance) or other properties. Formations are not defined on the thickness of the rock strata, and the thickness of different formations can therefore vary widely. The concept of formally defined layers or strata is central to stratigraphy. A formation can be divided into 'members' and are themselves packed together in 'groups'. Formations were initially described as time markers, based on relative dating and the law of superposition. The divisions of the history of the Earth were the formations described and put in chronological order by the geologists and stratigraphers of the 18th and 19th centuries. Rock formations are formed by sedimentary deposition in environments which may persist for hundreds of millions of years. For example, the Hammersley Basin in Pilbara, Western Australia, is a Proterozoic sedimentary basin where up to 1200 million years of sedimentation is preserved intact. Here, up to 300 million years is represented by a single unit of banded iron formation and shale. Laurie Holden Heather Laurie Holden (born December 17, 1969) is an American- Canadian actress and human rights activist. She is the daughter of actors Lawrence Holden (aka Glenn Corbett) and Adrienne Ellis. Her stepfather is British director Michael Anderson. Laurie was born in Los Angeles and raised in Toronto. She began her career when she played Rock Hudson's daughter in "The Martian's Chronicles" (1980). Her best known roles are "Marita Covarrubias" in the movie/series "The X-Files" (1996-2002), Olivia Murray in "The Shield" (2008), and "Andrea" in "The Walking Dead" (2010-2013). She co-starred with Jim Carrey in "The Majestic" (2001), played Cybil Bennett in the horror movie "Silent Hill" (2006) and Amanda Dunfrey in "The Mist" (2007). In 2014, she starred to the comedy "Dumb and Dumber To", alongside Jim Carrey, Jeff Daniels and Kathleen Turner. In 2015, she appeared as Dr. Hannah Tramble, an ER surgeon, in the third season of "Chicago Fire". It was announced Holden would reprise her role as Dr. Tramble in a planted spinoff, "Chicago Med". Holden will co-star opposite Epatha Merkerson and Yaya Dacosta in the ensemble medical drama. The series is being conceived and written by "Chicago Fire" creators/executive producers Derek Haas and Michael Brandt. Holden has dual citizenship - Canadian and American. Her year of birth is given as 1969 by some sources. She was nominated to Gemini Awards in 1996 for "Due South" TV Series. In 2011, she was nominated to Saturn Awards and Scream Awards for "The Walking Dead". In 2013, she win the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress in Television. Speed metal Speed metal is an sub-genre of heavy metal music that originated in the late 1970s from NWOBHM and hardcore punk roots. It is described by "Allmusic" as "extremely fast, abrasive, and technically demanding" music. Motörhead is often credited as the first band to invent/play speed metal. Some of speed metal's earlier influences include Deep Purple's "Fireball" and Queen's "Stone Cold Crazy" (which was eventually covered by the thrash metal band Metallica), from their 1974 album "Sheer Heart Attack", and Deep Purple's song "Highway Star", from their album "Machine Head". The latter was called 'early speed metal' by Robb Reiner of speed metal band Anvil. Led Zeppelin's "Communication Breakdown", first released in January 1969, could also be said to be an early template for speed metal as mentioned in Mac Randall's. Speed metal eventually evolved into thrash metal. Although many tend to equate the two subgenres, there is a distinct difference between them. In his book "", Ian Christe states that "...thrash metal relies more on long, wrenching rhythmic breaks, while speed metal... is a cleaner and more musically intricate subcategory, still loyal to the dueling melodies of classic metal." Peugeot 508 The Peugeot 508 is a car produced by Peugeot since 2011. It replaced both the smaller Peugeot 407 and the larger Peugeot 607. Kingdom Hearts (video game) Kingdom Hearts is the first game of the "Kingdom Hearts" series. It was made for PlayStation 2 and was released in Japan on March 28, 2002, and in North America on September 17, 2002. In it, the player controls Sora, a 14-year-old boy living in his home island, but is sent to different worlds along with his friends after their world is destroyed. Along the way, he meets various Disney characters, like Donald Duck and Ariel, and "Final Fantasy" characters, like Cloud and Yuffie. Sora must save the worlds while searching for his friends. Story. Sora and his friends, Riku and Kairi, plan on leaving their homes on Destiny Islands to explore their world, but their plans are interrupted when their world is attacked by the Heartless; monsters who steal people's hearts. During the attack, Sora wields a weapon called a Keyblade. Their world is destroyed, and Sora, Riku and Kairi end up on different worlds. Sora accompanies Donald Duck and Goofy to find his lost friends, and they travel to worlds based on different Disney movies, including "Alice in Wonderland", "The Little Mermaid" and "The Nightmare Before Christmas". Sora learns later that Riku has sided with Darkness and kidnapped Kairi. Riku is possessed by a Heartless called Ansem, who wants to capture seven Princesses of Heart so he can open Kingdom Hearts, the heart of all worlds. Sora rescues Kairi and Riku and defeats Ansem. Kairi goes home to Destiny Islands, but Riku stays in Kingdom Hearts with King Mickey to defend it. Kingdom Hearts then disappears. Sora tells Kairi he will not come home until he finds Riku, and leaves with Donald and Goofy to start a new adventure. Worlds. In the game, there are fourteen different worlds. Sora, Donald and Goofy travel to twelve of them using a space ship called a Gummi Ship. The worlds are: Final Mix. "Kingdom Hearts Final Mix" is a reissue of the game that was released only in Japan on December 26, 2002. It has more features than "Kingdom Hearts", including a battle with the Unknown Man, who is the main enemy in "Kingdom Hearts II". It is also for the PlayStation 2. Till the World Ends "Till the World Ends" is a 2011 single by Britney Spears. The song is second from her seventh studio album "Femme Fatale". The song was released on March 11, 2011. Bill Bixby Bill Bixby (born January 22, 1934 in San Francisco, California - November 21, 1993), was an American actor, director, and producer. He is known for the role of David Banner in the TV series "The Incredible Hulk". Bixby died from complications of prostate cancer in Los Angeles on November 21, 1993. He was 59 years old. Career. Bill Bixby made the most of his career in television. His credits on the big screen include: "Irma la Douce" (1963), with Jack Lemmon, and directed by Billy Wilder; "Ride Beyond Vengeance" (1966), western starring Chuck Connors; and two movies starring Elvis Presley, "Clambake" (1967) and "Speedway" (1968). His first television series was "My Favorite Martian", playing the role of Tim O'Hara, and co-starring Ray Walston. The show aired on CBS from 1963 to 1966. Bixby continued to have success on television as the star of the ABC sitcom "The Courtship of Eddie's Father" (1969–1972), where he played a widower who cares for his young son played by Brandon Cruz. He also played in "The Magician" (1973–1974), as a famous magician Anthony Blake, who is also a detective. The biggest hit of his career would come in the late 1970s, playing the role of David Banner in CBS TV series "The Incredible Hulk" with Lou Ferrigno as the Hulk. The show is based on the character created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. After the success of the series, there were three movies filmed for television: "The Incredible Hulk Returns" (1988), directed by Nicholas Corea; "The Trial of the Incredible Hulk" (1989); and "The Death of the Incredible Hulk", directed by Bixby. Bill Bixby was nominated for three Emmy Awards for his work in "The Courtship of Eddie's Father" (1969), "The Streets of San Francisco" (1972), and "Rich Man, Poor Man" (1976). Radiation hardening Radiation hardening is the designing of electronic parts and systems so they can withstand the damage done by ionizing radiation. Such radiation occurs in outer space and when flying at high altitudes in the Van Allen radiation belts. They also occur in nuclear explosions, and near nuclear reactors and other sources of radiation. There are many techniques which can achieve hardening. The MRAM, Magnetoresistive random access memory, is proposed as the solution to long-lasting electronic memory. This is the heart of radiation resistance, because if the system memory is undamaged, the system can be rebooted. Vic Hadfield Victor Edward Hadfield (born October 4, 1940 in Oakville, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He is best known for playing with the New York Rangers where he is one of the most popular players in the history of the team. He also played with the Pittsburgh Penguins for the last three seasons of his career. Marcus Krüger Marcus Krüger (born 27 May, 1990 in Stockholm, Sweden) is an NHL ice hockey center that currently plays for the Chicago Blackhawks. He has also played for the Djurgårdens IF of the SEL for 5 seasons before being recalled by the Blackhawks on March 23, 2011. He was drafted with the 149th overall pick in the 2009 NHL Draft by the Chicago Blackhawks. He signed a three-year contract with the Chicago Blackhawks in June 2010 but he decided to stay with Djurgården during the first year of the contract, later he was recalled from Djurgården to Chicago on 23 March 2011. He scored his first NHL goal in a 5-2 win against the Columbus Blue Jackets on October 29, 2011. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals. Cecil Browne Cecil Browne (February 13, 1896 – August 13, 1985) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger. He played 13 games for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL). Browne was named the "Manitoba's Athlete of the Century" in 1970. He quit playing professional hockey because of an injury. He was the AHA Scoring Champion in 1927, is an “Honoured Member” of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame and was inducted into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame and Museum in 1980. Daniel Cleary Daniel Michael Cleary (born December 18, 1978) is a former Canadian ice hockey left and right winger that played for the Detroit Red Wings. He also played for the Chicago Blackhawks for 2 seasons, the Edmonton Oilers for 4 seasons and the Phoenix Coyotes for 1 season. He was drafted with the 13th overall pick in the 1997 NHL Draft by the Chicago Blackhawks. He also played with the Belleville Bulls of the OHL. Nolan Baumgartner Nolan Baumgartner (born March 23, 1976 in Calgary, Alberta) is a Canadian retired ice hockey defenceman. He played a total of 12 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Washington Capitals for 4 seasons, the Chicago Blackhawks for 1 season, the Vancouver Canucks for 4 seasons, the Pittsburgh Penguins for 1 season, the Philadelphia Flyers for 1 season and the Dallas Stars for 1 season. He was drafted with the 10th overall pick in the 1994 NHL Draft by the Washington Capitals. He also played with the Kamloops Blazers of the WHL. Rob Klinkhammer Robert Klinkhammer (born August 12, 1986 in Lethbridge, Alberta) is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger. He currently plays for the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He signed as a free agent with the Rockford IceHogs NHL affiliate, the Chicago Blackhawks, to a two-year entry level contract on June 8, 2009. He was called up by the Blackhawks on December 10, 2010, to replace an injured Patrick Kane and debuted in a home game against the Dallas Stars which they won. He was traded to the Ottawa Senators on December 2, 2011. He was signed by the Coyotes as a free agent on July 3, 2012, and played with their AHL farm team, the Portland Pirates during the 2012 NHL lockout. Parchment Parchment is a thin material made from animal skin. The most common use for parchment was as a material for writing on, for the pages of a book. It is different to leather in that parchment is limed but not tanned. The better qualities of parchment are named vellum. David Mendes da Silva David Mendes da Silva Gonçalves (born 4 August 1982 in Rotterdam) is a Dutch football player of Cape Verdean heritage. He plays as defender or defensive midfielder. He is known for his dribbling and his tackling. He started his career with Sparta Rotterdam. He played with Rotterdam for five years. In 2003 he was on loan to Ajax Amsterdam for part of the season. His next team was NAC Breda. He played with them for two years. From 2006 till 2010 he played for AZ Alkmaar. Under coach Louis van Gaal he reached the Dutch Championship in the 2008/09 season and the UEFA Champions League. He scored the 1:1 in the away match versus Arsenal London in minute 93 on 20th October 2009. In 2010 he went to FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga. Honours. Club honours. AZ Alkmaar Hurricane Igor Hurricane Igor was a destructive tropical cyclone which passed by Bermuda and struck the Island of Newfoundland. This storm was a powerful Category Four hurricane with winds as high as 155 miles per hour. Igor brushed Bermuda as a minor hurricane with minimal damage. In Newfoundland, however, the storm caused $200 million in damage, making Igor the most destructive Atlantic tropical cyclone on record to strike the region. The name Igor was retired and replaced by Ian for the 2016 Atlantic season. Arthur Young (police officer) Colonel Sir Arthur Edwin Young, KBE, CMG, CVO, KStJ, KPM (15 February 1907 – 20 January 1979) was a British police officer. He was Commissioner of Police of the City of London from 1950 to 1971 and was also the first head of the Royal Ulster Constabulary to be called the Chief Constable, instead of Inspector-General. Young helped create the post of Chief Inspector of Constabulary. In the early 1950s, he played a crucial role in policing decolonisation in the British Empire, and developed a model of public service policing that was not liked by everyone in some colonies but which time has shown to have been a good idea. During the 1960s, he led the way in modernising British police recruitment and in improving the training of senior officers. Early life and education. Young was born in Eastleigh, Hampshire, the third of four children of Edwin Young (1878–1936), a builder and contractor, and his wife Gertrude Mary (née Brown; 1880–1945). He went to school in Southsea from 1912 to 1915 and then Portsmouth Grammar School from 1915 to 1924. He was not very good at school, but liked the Officers' Training Corps; later he returned to present prizes and told the pupils that his parents would have been very surprised to see him in the hall on speech day because he had never come close to winning any school award. Aged sixteen, he left to join the Portsmouth Borough Police, against his family's wishes. His mother and grandmother never approved because they thought the police an unsuitable career for a young man from an middle-class family. When his maternal aunt Emma Brown married Superintendent Samuel Bowles of the Hampshire Constabulary, she made him resign. Portsmouth Borough/City Police. Young's father's business partner Alderman Sir John Henry Corke (1850–1927) helped Young get his first job in the Chief Constable's office (the post of Cadet Clerk was specially created for him) in December 1924. On the advice of Thomas Davies, the Chief Constable, he first took a course in business and accountancy. Made a Constable in May 1925, he became the Coroner's Officer in April 1932. In June 1932, aged 25, he became the youngest Detective Sergeant in the United Kingdom, serving with the Northern Division CID. While he was there, he led investigations into murder, blackmail, fraud and arson. He headed the enquiries into the UK's first case of manslaughter arising from the use of an aeroplane. At the same time he got more involved in the many royal visits to Portsmouth. When Haile Selassie visited the dockyard in September 1937, he acted as his personal escort and French interpreter. During these years, Young was also entrusted with what he later called "enquiries concerning the activities of subversive persons and propaganda, and also with other matters affecting state security" - looking for spies. It was also during these years that he acquired his passion for ever better police equipment and his personal love of new gadgets. Young was promoted to Inspector (equivalent to Lieutenant in US police forces) in June 1937 and appointed to Portsmouth's Southern Division. In Eastney and Southsea, he first had to deal with the problems created by traffic, including ways for its efficient control and of the need to promote road safety. Young was a keen motorist, who moved from a motorcycle to a series of fast cars. Leamington Spa Borough Police. Young was qualifiedor promotion, but for someone who did not graduate the Hendon Police College and did not go to a public school, his promotion over the next dozen years was meteoric for the 1930s and 1940s. Young wanted to head his own force and tried to become chief constable of the Isle of Wight Constabulary, before he became Acting Chief Constable of Leamington Spa Borough Police in September 1938, aged 31, at a salary of £500 per annum. One year later, he was appointed to the permanent post of Chief Constable. He was one of the youngest men ever to become a Chief Constable. In his first nine months in Leamington he persuaded the council to hire an extra twelve officers, the first increase since 1915. This meant he had 57 police officers to cover all of Leamington Spa. He also reorganised the borough's fire brigade, and, among other police innovations, set up twelve of "police pillars", a network of two-way microphone handsets across the borough so that the public could contact police stations and civil defence posts directly. The base of the pillar contained first aid equipment while, a Leamington innovation, a flashing red light on the top called up policemen on patrol. From November 1940 he was seconded by the Home Office for six months to Coventry after its blitz. He ran the city's police because the Chief Constable was fully occupied as Civil Defence Controller Young started the "good neighbour scheme" for bombed out civilians that he had trialled in Leamington and which was later adopted nationally by the Home Office. Birmingham City Police. Leamington's was a very small force and for a year his command was only "acting" so, from the start, Young was looking for a permanent as well as a larger command. After several unsuccessful applications (the East Riding of Yorkshire Constabulary in 1939, Portsmouth City Police in 1940, Oxford City Police in 1940), in September 1941 he was selected from a short-list of six as Senior Assistant Chief Constable of Birmingham City Police, then the second-largest police force in the UK; the salary was £1,000 p.a. He was to be responsible for training and communications - both things he was good at. In Birmingham he started to experiment with police training. Learning by example and by demonstration is common now, but in 1941 it was a new idea and it caught the approving eye of the Home Office. He also made Birmingham the foremost British force in the use of police wireless by establishing in 1942 a "duplex" ultra high-frequency two-way radio telephone system linking every police station and every police car. Wartime service. In February 1943 Young was one of the chief constables sent to the War Office Civil Affairs Training Centre for the first course for senior officers. Before the course was finished, he was transferred to the instructing staff and in June 1943 he was appointed the first commandant of the new Police Civil Affairs Training Centre at Peel House in London (with a rank as if he was a Lieutenant-Colonel in the army). He had to set up the training school for policemen and provost officers (military police) who would keep law and order in Axis territory as it was liberated by advancing Allied forces. Just after the centre was opened and its first students through their course, Young was made a Colonel and moved from the classroom in July 1943 to be Senior British Police Officer in the Mediterranean Theatre, stationed in North Africa awaiting the invasion of Sicily. Young went ashore on day two of the invasion, and became Director of Public Safety in the first functioning Allied military government - the Allied Control Commission for Italy; in December 1943 he was given the additional role of Director of Security, responsible directly to the Commander-in-Chief for hunting saboteurs and enemy agents as well as the removal of fascist officials from public offices. In Italy, Young commanded not just British officers but the 120,000 men of the entire Italian police and had responsibility for all Italian prisons, fire brigades and civil defence. The models Young developed in Italy were later applied across Allied occupied Europe in 1944–1945, but his proudest achievement was the restoration and reorganisation of the Carabinieri, with whom he maintained an association for the rest of his life. He also fell in love with Italy, returning regularly and frequently holidaying in Positano and visiting his wartime friend Colonel Alfredo "Freddy" Zanchino of the Carabinieri. Hertfordshire Constabulary. Young became Chief Constable of Hertfordshire Constabulary in 1944 (but released from the army only in April 1945). He was in charge of 515 officers at a salary of £1,290. Still aged only 38, he had twenty-one years of experience of small, medium and large city and borough forces. From Hertfordshire, he set the pace in revitalising county police forces, pushing his police authority to spend a lot of money to improve officers' pay and conditions. Police housing was one of the outstanding issues of the time. Young persuaded his police authority to fund a building programme so that in six years every married man in the county force would have a police house; the design and equipping of these houses was agreed between the county architects and a "housing committee", recruited through the county Police Federation, not only of men of all ranks but, at Young's insistence, of officers' wives. In 1946, he wrote: He also persuaded his authority to buy new equipment because he wanted a modern, efficient police force. The Home Office allowed Hertfordshire to be the first force after the war to introduce a wireless system - Young adapted from his Birmingham model for rural use. To make it as effective as possible, the Home Office accepted his idea that the wireless network cover more than one county so the neighbouring county force of Bedfordshire was added. Almost at the same time, Young was appointed by the Home Office to a committee chaired by Sir Percy Sillitoe, Chief Constable of Kent, to see if all forces needed wireless networks. His time at Hertfordshire also saw the start of a professional relationship with James Callaghan. They already knew each other from Portsmouth, where their mothers had both worked at Agnes Weston's Sailors Rest; Callaghan had tried unsuccessfully to court Young's sister, Eileen. Callaghan was now a junior minister at the Ministry of Transport. They met up with each other again on a road safety committee and became working allies to extend speed restrictions and improve road markings; cat's eyes were perhaps the most significant fruit of their labours. They worked together again when Callaghan was Home Secretary and it was Callaghan who selected Young to go to Ulster in 1969 to implement the Hunt Report. Metropolitan Police. Hertfordshire showed that Young wanted to be a chief police officer who made things happen. He applied unsuccessfully to be chief constable of Kent in 1946, but his next job was offered to him. So impressed was Home Secretary James Chuter Ede, he appointed Young to the vacant post of Assistant Commissioner "D" of the Metropolitan Police in London, in charge of organisation, recruitment, training and communications. To bring in an outsider to such a rank in the Met was unprecedented. The Home Secretary knew that the nation's police forces were stuck to old ways and needed the shake-up that the young chief constable had already delivered in Hertfordshire; Scotland Yard must not be left out. Things, however, did not go well. The Commissioner, Sir Harold Scott, tolerated him (although he was an outsider too), but senior colleagues cold-shouldered him. Within "D" Department, Young delivered all the Home Secretary had hoped for, a success that only alienated the hierarchy even further. City of London Police. In March 1950 Young became the first former constable to be appointed Commissioner of Police of the City of London. He built up his reputation as "the policeman's policeman". Improved pay and conditions and professional standards remained his constant pre-occupations. The police under his command found him forceful but gracious, intolerant of failings in himself as well as others. In all his forces, he was popular with all ranks under his command. Young came to love the City of London. He relished command of a force small enough to know every constable well. He enjoyed the City's rich social life too, and he much valued the invitation to join the Goldsmiths Company. The police needed to recruit and with considerable success he set about making service more attractive. Pay and allowances were increased, housing modernised, and catering improved. Uniforms were made more comfortable and practical. At another level, he pushed through changes in career structures. He engineered a national recruitment revolution in the British police, running command courses and seeing through a fast-track entry scheme to attract graduates - and for many years he was director of extended interviews for the Senior Command Course that he had founded. These and other changes were designed to make possible the promotion of talented people. Young realised that the police could no longer rely on habits little changed for a century. He fought for the recruitment and promotion of women. He resisted the well-ingrained tradition of bringing senior officers from the armed forces into police commands; and only with great reluctance did he give in to the demand from the Hertfordshire police committee that he use his wartime military rank. He sternly opposed Lord Trenchard's officer-class way of thinking as wholly inappropriate for the British police service. He wanted to follow Sir Robert Peel's intention that the police be "filled from the bottom up". The young man whose own family had thought that being a policeman was far from suitable dedicated his own long career to making the police a respected and attractive profession. Young's lobby of the 1960 Royal Commission on the Police overcame Home Office objections to a strengthened police inspectorate, although Sir Charles Cunningham blocked Young's selection as inaugural first Chief Inspector of Constabulary. Royal Ulster Constabulary. In November 1969 (until 1970) Young was seconded to be the last Inspector-General and the first Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary. James Callaghan, then Home Secretary, sent him to carry out the Hunt Report, which introduced the standard British rank system for police officers in Northern Ireland and disbanded the controversial Ulster Special Constabulary. Other positions. He chaired the Police Council for the UK, the Association of Chief Police Officers training centres committee and the education committee of the National Police Fund. He was a governor of the Police College and of Atlantic College, and a member of the committees of the Police Advisory Board, the National Police Fund, the Royal Humane Society, the National Rifle Association, the National Scout Council and the Thames Group Hospitals. He was President of the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) in 1962. Colonial police reforms. One feature of Young's career was as a police reformer in colonial hotspots. He had four such missions: Personal life. Young was brought up in a household with strong Anglican evangelical beliefs (the family attended St Jude's, Southsea for matins and evensong every Sunday as well as week-day meetings). He also patrolled Portsmouth's slums and docks as a young constable, and this had an effect on Young. Guided by his curate, the Reverend Frederick Dillistone, later Dean of Liverpool, he decided that he must seek ordination (become a priest). The Bishop of Portsmouth, Neville Lovett, however, rejected his application to attend theological college, telling him at interview that "policemen do not become priests". Although later in life Young would drift away from regular worship, the impact of Portsmouth on his world-view never shifted. Shocked by the poverty and injustice which he discovered, Young became a staunch Christian socialist and, very rare for a chief constable, a lifelong Labour Party voter. Throughout his career, he sought out contact with clergymen and in the later 1960s, encouraged by the Bishop of London, again considered Anglican ordination. Young married three times. On 11 April 1939, at Boarhunt parish church, Hampshire, he married Ivy Ada May Hammond (born 20 December 1909), a nurse from the Royal Portsmouth Hospital whom he had courted for years - custom then dictated lengthy enagements and police pay then was very low. She died of cancer on 14 September 1956. They had one son, Christopher John Young, born in 1941. Young married Mrs Margaret Furnival Homan, née Dolphin, in 1957. The marriage fell apart quickly and they separated. She committed suicide in Malta in 1966. On 16 April 1970, he married Mrs Ileen Fryer Turner (née Rayner, born 19 April 1914), whom he had known since she was his police driver in Birmingham during the war and who at one time had been the mistress of his great friend Sir Edward ('Ted') Dodd, Chief Constable of Birmingham and later Chief Inspector of Constabulary. She died on 31 December 2002. In the 1980s, she declined a proposal of marriage from Sir Graham Shillington, Young's successor as Chief Constable of the RUC. Honours. Young's career made him the most decorated policeman of his era. Young was awarded the King's Police Medal (KPM) in 1952 and was appointed Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1953 and Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) in 1962. He was knighted in 1965 and appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1971. Foreign. He was also Honorary Police Commissioner of New York City. Speed of Sound (roller coaster) Speed of Sound is a Boomerang coaster in Walibi Holland in the Netherlands. It is manufactured by Vekoma and opened in 2000 as "La Via Volta". It operated until 2007 when the park announced it would be shut down. In the same year, the train was sold to Pleasurewood Hills to be operating on Wipeout, also a boomerang coaster. On January 30, 2011, Walibi World announced that the roller coaster will reopen in 2011, with a new style train from Vekoma. The coaster was renamed to Speed of Sound and the track was painted orange. The coaster also has a unique tunnel on the lift hill where the train go through before starting the ride. Royal Victorian Order The Royal Victorian Order is a British honour. It is given by The Queen, to people who have served her, or the Monarchy personally. Like the Orders of the Garter and Thistle, the Prime Minister does not suggest who should get the honour. The Order was created in April 1896, by Queen Victoria, as a way of rewarding personal service to her. Today, people receive their award either privately from The Queen or another member of the Royal Family, or during an investiture. Often, and on a State Visit, the Queen will invest people in the country visited before returning to the UK. The British Ambassador and others who have helped the Visit may be rewarded, as can foreigners, and it is often awarded by the Sovereign during official tours overseas. The first foreigners to get the Order were the Prefect of Alpes Maritimes and the Mayor of Nice, during Queen Victoria's visit to the south of France, in 1896. The Chapel of the Order is The Queen's Chapel of the Savoy, a 'Royal peculiar', which for historic reasons is in the private possession of the Sovereign, in his or her right as the Duke of Lancaster. The Savoy Chapel is not very big, so now, the service for those who have been given the award is held in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, every four years. Many members of the Royal Family have been given the award, along with many other recipients, who include servants of The Queen, who have served the Monarchy for many years. The motto is "Victoria". Ranks. In order, the ranks are: Royal Victorian Medal. The Royal Victorian Medal was set up at the same time as the order. It is for personal service to the Sovereign or the Royal Family, and as a mark of royal esteem. Although the Medal is related to the Royal Victorian Order, it differs in appearance and in the way it is worn. The Medal is given to civilians and non-commissioned military personnel, often to people who have worked for the Sovereign for a long time. Santa's Little Helper Santa's Little Helper is a fictional character in "The Simpsons". Santa's Little Helper is a greyhound and is the Simpson family pet dog. He first appeared in the episode, Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire where he was working as a race dog at a dog track and was abandoned by his owner after he finished in last place. He is then adopted by Homer and Bart. He is orange and brown colored. In the episode, The Canine Mutiny he was shortly abandoned by Bart after Bart gets a new dog named "Laddie" (a parody of Lassie) with his credit card and the repo-men took him but is then re-adopted by Bart after he gets bored of Laddie and goes to search for Santa's Little Helper who was at the time working as a seeing-eye dog for a blind man. Snowball (The Simpsons) Snowball is a fictional character in "The Simpsons". Snowball is the Simpson family's pet cat. She first appeared in the episode, I, (Annoyed Grunt)-Bot. There have been five cats in the Simpson's family and the current cat is named Snowball V (later renamed Snowball II). The first version of Snowball was killed when it was run over by a Chrysler. The second version of Snowball named Snowball II was killed by Dr. Hibbert's Mercedes-Benz G500. The third version of Snowball was a male cat named Snowball III and was killed when he drowned after he tried to catch a goldfish in the aquarium while Lisa was in the kitchen preparing his cat food for the first time. The fourth cat was named Coltrane and was also known as Snowball IV, she was killed when she jumped out the window after being scared by Lisa's saxophone. Snowball doesn’t know basic addition. The cats were not all the same color; some were white, some were black, another one looked like Bart. They all died except for Snowball 5, the newest cat, which was given to Lisa by the crazy cat lady. Order of Canada The Order of Canada was set up in 1967 by Queen Elizabeth II, to reward service to Canada. It is at the top of Canada’s honours system. It has three classes or ranks to recognize a lifetime of outstanding achievement, dedication to the community and service to the nation. Only Canadian citizens can have the award, but every year up to five foreigners can be given an honorary award. The Order of Canada’s motto is (). Grades. Companion (CC). Given to recognize a lifetime of outstanding achievement and merit of the highest degree, especially in service to Canada or to humanity at large. Officer (OC). For a lifetime of achievement and merit of a high degree, especially in service to Canada or to humanity at large. Member (C.M.). A Member of the Order of Canada has a lifetime of distinguished service in or to a particular community, group or field of activity Annual appointments. Appointments to the order are usually announced twice a year, at the end of December (the New Year's Honours List) and at the end of June to mark Canada Day. This is the same system as in the United Kingdom, except the Queen's Official Birthday at the beginning of June is marked instead. Only a certain number of appointments can be made each year: Barry Enright Barry R. Enright (born March 30, 1986 in Stockton, California) is an American baseball player. He plays Pitcher for the Arizona Diamondbacks of Major League Baseball (MLB). He also played college baseball at Pepperdine University. He was drafted 2007 amateur draft in the second round by the Arizona Diamondbacks. Dnepropetrovsk maniacs The Dnepropetrovsk maniacs is a media name for two serial killers from Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine, who caused 21 murders in June and July 2007. The murderers are named Viktor Sayenko (born March 1, 1988) and Igor Suprunyuck (born April 20, 1988). They gained notoriety when a video recording of one of the murders was leaked to the internet. The video on the internet is often called "3guys1hammer". Sayenko and Suprunyuck were charged with murder after they were arrested. Alexander Hanzha, one of their friends, was charged with two robberies that took place before the murder spree. They were all found guilty by a court in February 2009, and Suprunyuck and Sayenko were sentenced to life imprisonment. Hanzha received nine years in prison. The leaked internet video shows the murder of a 48-year-old man named Sergei Yatzenko. He is shown lying on his back in a wooded area, and is struck many times in the face with a hammer that is held inside a yellow plastic bag. Suprunyuck pokes out Yatzenko's eyes, and stabs him in the abdomen with a screwdriver. He is then struck with the hammer again in order to ensure that he is dead. The attack lasts over four minutes, during which the victim slips in and out of consciousness. During the video, Suprunyuck is shown smiling at the camera. Apterygota The Apterygota are a small subclass of primitive insects. They are insects which have never had wings at any time in their evolutionary history. Their first known occurrence in the fossil record is in the Rhynie chert of the Devonian period, ~400 million years ago. While some other insects, such as fleas, also lack wings, these are descended from winged insects, and have lost them during the course of evolution. By contrast, the apterygotes are a primitive group of insects that diverged from other orders before wings evolved. They have some other primitive traits (features). The nymphs (younger stages) go through little or no metamorphosis, so they look like the adults. They continue to moult throughout life, with multiple instars (stages) after reaching sexual maturity. All other insects have only a single sexually mature adult stage. Their skin is thin, making them appear translucent. Males deposit sperm packages rather than fertilising the female internally. Currently, no species are listed as being at conservation risk. History of the group. The classification of the Apterygota changed over time. By the mid 20th century, the subclass included four orders (Collembola, Protura, Diplura, and Thysanura). With the advent of a more rigorous cladistic methodology, the subclass turned out to be paraphyletic. The first three groups formed a monophyletic group, the Entognatha. The Thysanura is more closely related to winged insects. thus rendering even the amyocerate apterygotes paraphyletic. Some think the Collembola are no longer insects at all, but their position is not yet clear. Psalms 152–155 Pslams 152-155 are psalms of the Bible that only exist in the Syriac language translation of the Bible, which is commonly known as Peshitta. Psalms 154 and 155 also exist in a Hebrew version in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Together with Psalm 151, which only exists in some versions of the Septuagint, these psalms are sometimes called the 'Five Apocryphal Psalms of David'. Tiryns Tiryns () was an ancient Greek acropolis (city). The remains are in the Peloponnese, a large peninsula and region in southern Greece, near to Nauplion. Heinrich Schliemann excavated Tiryns in 1885 and 1886. Tiryns is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, listed with Mycenae. Siberian roe deer The Siberian roe deer or eastern roe deer ("Capreolus pygargus") is a species of roe deer found in northeastern Asia. In addition to Siberia and Mongolia, it is found in Kazakhstan, the Tian Shan Mountains, Eastern Tibet, the Korean peninsula, and northeastern China. Angel of the North The Angel of the North is a sculpture that is in Gateshead, England. It was made by the English sculptor Anthony Gormley. It was built in 1994 and was finished in 1998. It is made from copper, concrete and weathering steel. North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (abbreviated to NC A&T or A&T) is a university located in Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America. The current chancellor of North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University is Harold L. Martin Senior. Bagdad, Kentucky Bagdad is a city of Kentucky in the United States. Kite surfing Kite surfing or Kite boarding is a kind of water sports that uses the wind to pull a rider on the water surface on a small surfboard or a kiteboard. There are a number of different styles of kiteboarding. A "kitesurfer" or "kiteboarder" uses a board with or without foot-straps or bindings, combined with the power of a large controllable kite to propel the rider and the board across the water. In 2006, the number of kitesurfers has been estimated at around 150,000 to 210,000, with 114,465 inflatable kites sold that same year. Various surfing styles have appeared to suit both kitesurfers and conditions, such as "waveriding", "freestyle", "freeride", "jumping", and "cruising". Warne, North Carolina Warne (sounds like worn) is an unincorporated community in Clay County, North Carolina, United States. In 2008, Clay County was one of the least populated counties in North Carolina. About 10,389 people live there. Like many other areas in the southern United States, there are many more people there than there used to be. 18.4% more people live there since 2000. Warne is closer to the capitals of six other states than to Raleigh, which is the capital of North Carolina. Warne is 1,736 feet (529 m) above sea level. It has an area of . Although it is unincorporated, it has a volunteer fire department and a post office, with the ZIP code of 28909. History. First People. Before people moved there, Clay County was home to the Cherokee Indians. They were a tribe of Native Americans that lived in Southeastern United States (mainly in Georgia, the Carolinas and Eastern Tennessee) They were one of the "Five Civilized Tribes" because they adopted European-American culture and technology. County Formation. In 1791, Colonel David Vance and General William Lee Davidson made a petition to the North Carolina House of Commons that said "the people of Burke County west of the Appalachian Mountains want to be part of a new county. Part of Rutherford County would be made into a separate and distinct county." Originally, the new county would be called Union, but was changed to Buncombe in honor of Col. Edward Buncombe, a Revolutionary War hero. The Bill was ratified (made into law) on January 14, 1792. The new county included most of Western North Carolina and was so large people sometimes called it the "State of Buncombe." About 1,000 people lived in the county. In 1808, the western part of Buncombe County was separated to make Haywood County. The bill became law on December 23, 1808 and was official in March 1809. In 1838, Macon County was formed from the Western side of Haywood County. 11 years later, part of Macon County made Cherokee County. In 1861, Part of Cherokee County formed Clay County, the last County Warne is in. Police. Warne's Sheriff is Vic Davis. He works for the Clay County Sheriff's Office which is in Hayesville, North Carolina. Crime Rate. According to the 2009 Crime Rate Index, Warne got a personal crime risk score of 23. Warne also scored a property crime risk of 45. The average for the United States is 100. People. According to the 2000 Census, there were 573 people living in Warne. There were 71.17 people per square mile (27.48/km2). 98.3% of people living in warn are White. 1.4% of people in Warne are black. The middle house value in Warne is $81,300.00 Economy. Jobs. 12.1% of people over 16, are employed in management. 17.1% are employed in the service industry. 32.5% are employed in sales or office industries. 15.7% are employed in construction, extraction and maintenance. 22.5% are employed in production and transportation. People's Income. 1.9% make less than $10,000 per year. 36.9% make between $15,000 and $24,999 per year. 16.8% make between $50,000 and $74,999 per year and 20.1% make between $35,000 and $49,999 per year. 22% make between $50,000 and $74,999 per year while the remaining 2.3% make over $75,000 per year. 8.4% of Warne individuals are unemployed and 3.9% living below poverty. Median household income is $33,120. Education. Schools. Warne is in close to many schools and colleges including Young Harris College, in Young Harris, Georgia, Tri-County Community College in Peachtree, North Carolina, John C. Campbell Folk School in Brasstown, North Carolina, and Georgia Mountain Research and Education Center near Blairsville, Georgia. Public Schools. The public school system (Clay County Schools) is run by the Clay County Board of Education with superintendent Scott Penland. The school system is small with only about 1,250 students attending the school. All schools are accredited by the North Carolina State Board of Education and Hayesville High School is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Test scores are unfailingly in the top 10% of all North Carolina Schools. Hayesville Elementary School covers grades K-4 and has 450 students. It has been rated Exemplary every year since the ABC's began. Hayesville Middle School covers grades 5-8 with about 400 students. It has been classified as either a School of Distinction or School of Excellence every year since the ABC's began. Hayesville High School covers grades 9-12 with about 400 students. It has the best SAT scores of any school in the area. Transportation. Warne sits on Old Hwy 64, which connects between Hayesville, North Carolina, and the Murphy Hospital in Peachtree, North Carolina. Young Harris Road connects Warne to State Road 515 in Young Harris, Georgia. Western Carolina Regional Airport , known locally as the Murphy Airport, Andrews Airport, or Murphy-Andrews Airport, is about twenty miles (32 km) north of Warne between the cities of Andrews, North Carolina and Murphy, North Carolina. Warne is also close to Blairsville Airport . It is about 16.8 miles (27 km) southwest of Warne, near Blairsville, Georgia Geography. Topography. Warne is in the Southeastern United States in the southwestern portion of the North Carolina State, about halfway between Atlanta, GA. and Knoxville, TN. The location in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Appalachia, has helped the community retain a rural character, surrounded by wildlife such as bear, deer, fox and recently reintroduced elk. According to the United States Census Bureau, Warne has a total area of and is 15 minutes north of Brasstown Bald, the tallest mountain in Georgia at 4,784 feet above sea level. Climate. Warne has a humid subtropical climate, (Cfa) according to the Köppen classification, with hot, humid summers and mild, but occasionally cold winters by the standards of the southern United States. July highs average 85 °F (29 °C) or above, and lows average 55 °F (12.8 °C). Infrequently, temperatures can even exceed 100 °F (38 °C). January is the coldest month, with an average high of 48 °F (9 °C), and low of 33 °F (.6 °C). Like the rest of the southeastern U.S., Warne receives abundant rainfall, which is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year. Average annual rainfall is 55.9 inches (1,420 mm). Blizzards are rare but possible; one nicknamed the 1993 Storm of the Century hit the entire Eastern United States in March, 1993. Climate Data for Warne Culture. Warne is in the Brasstown Township of Clay County. It is surrounded by many places of cultural significance. One is the John C. Campbell Folk School, which offers weekly and weekend classes in traditional and contemporary crafts such as basketry. Local Festivals and Celebrations. 'Possum Drop, is an annual New Year's celebration held at a local gas station called Clay's Corner, which celebrates every New Year's by dropping a live opossum in a plexiglass pyramid from the roof of the store. They also hold the annual Miss Possum Queen, have many snacks and beverages, and Bluegrass Music. The Bi-annual Celebration of Flight Airshow, at the Andrews-Murphy Airport, is a huge presentation of aircraft, both vintage and hi-tech. There are many vendors that sell food, drink, and other festivities. Interesting Places Near Warne. Warne is a very rural town, surrounded by wildlife, countryside, and national forests. It is north of the Nantahala National Forest, 1.8 miles (2.9 km) north of the Chattahoochee National Forest, 5.5 miles (8.8 km) west of Chatuge Lake, 11.8 miles (19 km) northeast of Nottely Lake, and about 15 miles (24.1 km) west of the Appalachian Trail, a 2,178 mile (3,505 km) long hiking trail that runs from Georgia to New York. Rollins Planetarium is on the Young Harris College Campus in Young Harris, Georgia, and offers 30 shows a year. If the sky is clear, the Young Harris College Observatory is open immediately following planetarium shows. The observatory features a Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope and is about 1.5 miles from campus at Twiggs Overlook on the exit road leading from Brasstown Valley Resort. There are several WhiteWater Rafting guides and tours in northeast Cherokee County, Including Carolina Outfitters, Rafting America, and White Water. Religion. Historically, religion has been a very important part of Appalachian life. Christianity, like much of the rest of the Southern United States, is very predominant in Warne and the surrounding communities. Baptist Christian faiths are well represented here. Some local Churches are Mount Pisgah Baptist Church, Shady Grove Church and Copperhill Church. Radio, Television and Newspapers. Warne and the surrounding area is served by a few local television stations, many local radio stations that serve several genres of music including sports, news and talk radio in addition to three local papers. The notable television stations in Warne include W50AB (Channel 50) based in Hiawassee, Georgia, W42AT (Channel 42) based in Hayesville, North Carolina and W31AN (Channel 31) Based in Murphy, North Carolina Warne is also served by 11 local radio stations. WCVP-AM (600), WCNG-FM (102.7), and WKRK-AM (1320) are based in Murphy, North Carolina. WACF-FM (95.1) and WYHG-AM (770) are based in Young Harris, GA. WCVP-FM (95.9) in Robbinsville, WGHC-AM (1400) in Clayton, Georgia and WFSC-AM (1050), WPFJ-AM (1480), WFQS-FM (91.3), and WNCC-FM (96.7) based in Franklin, North Carolina. The most important newspaper in Clay County is the Clay County Progress which, in addition to Clay County, covers Cherokee County, North Carolina and Towns County, Georgia. Two other notable newspapers are the Cherokee Scout and the Towns County Herald. Wind engineering Wind engineering studies effects of wind on the buildings and its possible damage or problems to their inhabitants. From the point of structural engineering, it is interested in strong winds, which may cause discomfort, as well as extreme winds, such as in a tornado, hurricane or heavy storm, which may cause widespread destruction. Wind engineering needs information from meteorology, fluid dynamics, mechanics, and a number of special engineering disciplines including aerodynamics, and structural dynamics. The tools may also include atmospheric models, atmospheric boundary layer, wind tunnels and computational fluid dynamics models. Vinnie Vincent Vinnie Vincent (born Vincent John Cusano; August 6, 1952) is an American guitarist and songwriter. He is best known for being a former member of the band Kiss. He was also the leader of his own band, Vinnie Vincent Invasion. Career. Vincent began his career in the early 1970s, playing guitar in local bands as Hunter and Treasure. In early 1980, Vinnie Vincent moved to Los Angeles, California, where he began composing songs for ABC TV series Happy Days. Vinnie Vincent shot to fame in 1982 replacing the guitarist Ace Frehley in the hard rock band Kiss. Was large the contribution to the band co-wrote the songs I Love It Loud, Killer, I Still Love You, of Album Creatures of the Night. For legal reasons Frehley appeared on the album cover and I Love It Loud video. In 1983, he recorded with Kiss the Album Lick It Up, where he co-wrote the themes Lick It Up, Exciter, Not for the Innocent, Young and Wasted, Gimme More, All Hell's Breakin' Loose, A Million to One, And on the 8th Day. After several tours with the group left the band in 1984, and was replaced by guitarist Mark St. John. In 1992 he returned to work with the band to co-write the lyrics of the album Revenge. Vinnie Vincent Invasion. In 1984 Vincent, formed the Glam metal band Vinnie Vincent Invasion, with Vinnie Vincent in guitar, Robert Fleischman vocal, Dana Strum in Bass, and Bobby Rock in Drums. They recorded three albums Vinnie Vincent Invasion (1986), All Systems Go (1988), and the 1990 unreleased album Pyro Messiah aka Guitars From Hell. The band disbanded in 1989. Recent years. In the decade of 1990, Vincent was dedicated to his solo career and recorded the album Euphoria, 1996, with vocalist Robert Fleischman. Also released the album in the collection Speedball Jamm (2001), which were recordings of Vinnie Vincent Invasion, recorded during rehearsals for the band in 1986. Manhattan Chess Club The Manhattan Chess Club is the second-oldest chess club in the United States (after the Mechanics' Institute Chess Club in San Francisco). The club was founded in 1877 and permanently closed in 2002. Dokken Dokken is an American Heavy metal band that was formed in 1978. The group accumulated numerous charting singles and has sold more than 10 million albums worldwide.The band was nominated for a Grammy. Dokken was composed of founder Don Dokken on vocals, George Lynch on lead guitars, Juan Croucier on bass, and "Wild" Mick Brown on drums. In 1983 Croucier left Dokken in order to join Ratt and was replaced by Jeff Pilson. Currently, Dokken and Brown remain from the original line-up. After several personnel changes on guitar, Dokken's attorney Jon Levin stepped in to fill the role in 2004. In 2001, Barry Sparks replaced Jeff Pilson on the bass guitar. In 2009, Sean McNabb replaced Barry Sparks on bass guitar. Just Can't Get Enough "Just Can't Get Enough" is a song by American hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas. William Adams, Allan Pineda, Jaime Gomez and Stacy Ferguson of the Black Eyed Peas wrote the song. Joshua Alvarez, Stephen Shadowen, Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins, LaShawn Daniels, Julie Frost also helped in writing it. The song was written for the group's sixth studio album, "The Beginning" (2010). It was announced on January 21, 2011 as the album's second single. The song has been successful on music charts. It reached the top-five in many countries, such as Australia, France, United Kingdom and the United States, among others. The video for this song was made a week before the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami had began. David Yelldell David Yelldell (born October 1, 1981, in Stuttgart) is a German-American goalkeeper who is currently playing for Bayer 04 Leverkusen. Yeldell has dual citizenship. His mother is German; his father is African-American. At March 29, 2011, he had his first match for the United States national team. He is allowed to join the team because his father is American. Simone Rethel Simone Rethel (born 1949 in Germany) is a German actress, painter and photographer. She is the widow of actor and singer Johannes Heesters. Rethel came from a large, artistic family. Her grandfather was a painter. Rethel married Heesters, 46 years her senior, in 1991. In December 2010, the 107-year-old Heesters said that he had quit smoking for his then 61-year-old wife: "She should have me as long as possible." Messel pit The Messel Pit () is a disused quarry near the village of Messel, Hesse. The site about 35 km southeast of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It is a site where fine fossils are preserved: a lagerstätte. The site is very important: it includes fossils of early mammals, including early primates. Because of its fossils, the site has significant geological and scientific importance. Bituminous shale was mined there. After almost becoming a landfill, strong local resistance eventually stopped those plans. The Messel pit was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995. It was placed on the list solely due to fossils. Amateur collectors developed a "transfer technique" to preserve the fine details of small fossils, the method still used to preserve the fossils today. Many of the known specimens from the site have come from amateur collectors, and in 1996, an amnesty on previously collected fossils was put in effect, in the hope of getting privately owned collections back into public ownership and available to science. Ecology. The current surface of the Messel pit is roughly 60 m below the local land and is about 0.7 km² in area. The oil-shale bed originally extended to a depth of 190 m. 47 million years ago in the Eocene when the Messel deposits formed, the area was 10° further south than it is now. The period was just after the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, and the climate and ecology of the site were very different from today. A large series of lakes, surrounded by lush sub-tropical forests supported an incredible diversity of life. The Messel lake bed was probably a center point for drainage from nearby rivers and creeks. The pit deposits were formed during the Eocene epoch of the Palaeogene period about 47 million years ago. This is based on dating of basalt fragments under the fossilbearing strata. Oil shale, formed by the slow anoxic deposition of mud and dead vegetation on the lake bed, is the primary rock at the site. Its sediments extend 130 m downward and lie atop an older sandstone foundation. The fossils within the shale show a remarkable clarity and preservation due to the unique depositional characteristics of the lake. The upper layers of the lake had a great deal of life, but the bottom was anoxic. Because the water was not much disturbed, little oxygen got to the lower levels. This prevented many epifaunal (bottom-living) and infaunal (burrowing) species from living there. That is why dead bodies were so little damaged. Overturn of the lake layers (caused by seasonal variations) lowered oxygen content near the surface and led to a periodic "die-off" of aquatic species. Combined with a relatively low rate of deposition (0.1 mm/yr), this was a prime environment for the preservation of fauna and flora. Volcanic gas releases. The area around the Messel Pit was geologically and tectonically active during the Eocene. Volcanic gas releases could account for the large deposition of non-aquatic species. Subsurface shifts released large concentrations of reactive gases (such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide) into the lake and adjoining ecosystems, killing susceptible organisms. During these releases, birds and bats might have fallen in if near the lake surface, and terrestrials could be overwhelmed near the lake shore. Fossils. The Messel Pit provides the best preserved evidence of early Eocene flora and fauna so far discovered. Most other sites are lucky to contain partial skeletons, but Messel boasts extensive preservation of structural integrity, even going so far as to preserve the fur, feathers, and "skin shadows" of some species. Unusual preservation has sparked some closely-reasoned interpretations. The symptomatic "dumb-bell"-shaped bite marks on either side of the leaf vein on a fossilised leaf have been identified as the death-grip of a carpenter ant terminally parasitized by a fungus that, apparently then as today, took over its behaviour to release its spores at a good location; it is the earliest clear example of fungal behavioural manipulation. The diversity of species is astonishing. Here is a brief summary of some of the fossils found at the site: The assemblage of fossils includes a South American anteater, two types of South American flightless birds, and an ancestor of the scaly ant-eater ("Manis") of the old-world tropics. Jedi Mind Tricks Jedi Mind Tricks is a hip hop group from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Jedi Mind Tricks formed when Vinnie Paz and Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind were in high school and Jus Allah later joined in 1999. They debuted when they released their first EP, called "Amber Probe". The Psycho-Social, Chemical, Biological & Electro-Magnetic Manipulation of Human Consciousness The Psycho-Social, Chemical, Biological & Electro-Magnetic Manipulation of Human Consciousness is the first studio album by American underground hip hop group, Jedi Mind Tricks. It was released on November 4, 1997 through Superegular Records. It was re-released in 2003 through Babygrande Records. The producer of the album was Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind. The album is sometimes called The Psycho-Social CD for short. Violent by Design Violent by Design is the second studio album by American hip hop group, Jedi Mind Tricks. It was released on October 3, 2000. The producers of the album were Stoupe and Mr. Len. The album was re-released on May 25, 2004 by Jedi Mind Tricks current label, Babygrande Records. Visions of Gandhi Visions of Gandhi is the third studio album by American hip hop group, Jedi Mind Tricks. It was released on August 26, 2003. The producer of the album was Stoupe. Jus Allah quit the group after the release of "Violent by Design". Mainstream Top 40 The Mainstream Top 40 is an airplay chart from "Billboard" magazine. It is also known as Pop Songs on billboard.com. People often mistook it for the now discontinued Pop 100 Airplay chart. The chart is solely based on radio airplay, ranking the week's hottest pop songs based on monitored radio detections from a panel of 200 Top 40/CHR radio stations in the United States as measured by Nielsen BDS Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems. Arbitron sometimes refers to the format as contemporary hit radio. The chart was launched the week of October 10, 1992, along with the Rhythmic Songs Chart as a way to distinguish stations that played a broad based mix of current hits from those who focused on offering a direction centering on R&B/Hip and Dance material. Legacy of Blood Legacy of Blood is the fourth studio album by American hip hop group, Jedi Mind Tricks. It was released on August 24, 2004. The producer of the album was Stoupe. The intro for the song features a promo that was cut by professional wrestler, Kane. Servants in Heaven, Kings in Hell Servants in Heaven, Kings in Hell is the fifth studio album by American hip hop group Jedi Mind Tricks. It was released on September 19, 2006. The producer of the album was Stoupe. The album was the group's most commercially successful release and was their first album that made it into the Billboard 200. The album also won "Verse Of The Year" at the HipHopDX 2006 awards for . Judiciary of the Isle of Man The lowest courts in the Isle of Man are the Summary Courts, Coroner of Inquests, Licensing Court, Land Court, etc. These courts are presided over by magistrates. There are two stipendiary magistrates, the High Bailiff and the Deputy High Bailiff, along with lay Justices of the Peace. The court on the next level is the High Court of Justice of the Isle of Man. It has two parts, the Civil Division and an appeal division called the Staff of Government Division. The judges of the High Court are the Deemsters and the Judicial Officers. The Deemsters are appointed by The Queen on the advice of the Secretary of State for Justice of the United Kingdom. The Judicial Officers are appointed by the Lieutenant Governor. The High Bailiff and the Deputy High Bailiff are ex officio Judicial Officers, and other Judicial Officers (full-time or part-time) may be appointed. Often they are appointed because they have special knowledge of a complex legal case Civil matters are usually heard at first instance by a single Deemster sitting in the High Court. Criminal proceedings are heard at first instance before either the High Bailiff or the Deputy High Bailiff or a bench of lay magistrates, in less serious cases. More serious criminal cases are heard before a Deemster sitting in the Court of General Gaol Delivery; in a defended case the Deemster sits with a jury of seven (twelve in cases of treason or murder). Civil and criminal appeals are dealt with by the Staff of Government Division. Appeals are usually heard by a Deemster (the one not involved with the case previously in the High Court or Court of General Gaol Delivery) and the Judge of Appeal. Final appeal is to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in the United Kingdom. This dates back to an ancient right of the Manx to appeal to the Crown of England against the decisions of the Lord of Mann. The right still exists, even though the Lord of Mann is now the Crown of England. The right was confirmed by the Privy Council in their decision of "Christian v. Corren" in 1716, several years before revestment. In the Isle of Man, and the Channel Islands, the Queen's Bench Division of the English High Court can hear appeals about habeas corpus. This was to allow the king to find out why any of his subjects was being impisoned. It dates from before the revestment, applied to all the king's dominions even for all other cases the Kings's Bench was restricted to England. Misery (Maroon 5 song) Misery is a song by American band Maroon 5. It was released on June 22, 2010 by A&M/Octone Records via the iTunes Store. The song was released in advance of the band's mid-2010 tour, and is the first single from their third studio album, Hands All Over, which was released on September 21, 2010. Genre pop rock Lord of Mann Lord of Mann (), is used on the Isle of Man as part of Charles III's title. The Lord of Mann was the island's feudal Lord Proprietor, the Monarch of England was head of state. Relationship with the Crown. The title is not used on its own. Since 1399, the Kings and Lords of Mann were feudal subjects of the reigning King of England, and then of Great Britain and the United Kingdom, who was the ultimate sovereign of the island. This right of 'Lord Proprietor' was revested into the Crown when the Isle of Man was bought by the Isle of Man Purchase Act 1765 and stopped to exist separately. However, for reasons of culture and tradition, the title Lord of Mann continues to be used. For these reasons, the correct formal usage, as used on the Isle of Man for the Loyal Toast, is "The Queen, Lord of Mann". The title is now "Lord of Mann" regardless of gender. However, during her reign Queen Victoria was styled as "Lady of Mann". The formal Latin style is . List of Lords. Succession dispute (1594-1607). In 1598, a succession dispute between the daughters of Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby and Stanley's brother, William Stanley was heard. It was decided by the Privy Council that the right to the Isle of Man belonged solely to Queen Elizabeth I, and the letters-patent of 1405 which have conferred the Isle of Man to the Stanley family were declared null and void. This was because Percy had not been subject to legal attainder, despite his treason, and the 1405 and 1406 letters-patent had therefore not taken effect. The Queen, in consideration of the "many eminent services performed to herself and to her royal predecessors by the honourable and noble House of Stanley," withdrew her right and referred the contending claimants to the decision of the Privy Council as to the best claim of inheritance. The Law Lords on the Privy Council decided "the grant being by letters patent under the Great Seal of England, such right would descend according to the Common Law of England to the heirs general, and not to the heirs male", and the island was therefore awarded to Ferdinando's daughters; whereupon William agreed to purchase their several shares and interests. The original letters-patent having been declared void, the Parliament of England in 1609 under James I passed a Private Act of Parliament entitled "An Act for assuring and establishing the Isle of Man in the name and blood of William, Earl of Derby" [(1609) 7 Jac.1 c."4"] which established the title in law as "Lord of Mann". The lordship was conferred by letters-patent dated 7 July 1609 upon William Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby. Subsequent succession was under the terms of this grant. Interim Lords (1607-1609). Following the resolution of the succession dispute, it was ruled that the daughters of Ferdinando Stanley were the rightful heirs. As the oldest of them would not reach the age of majority until 1609, two temporary Lords of Mann were appointed by James I, using letters patent, so that the daughters could benefit from the Island's revenues. Following the coming of age of the heirs to the Lordship of the Isle of Man, the rights over the island were sold to their uncle, William Stanley. He took up the title of Lord of Mann following the passing of an Act of Parliament. Revestment. In 1765, Charlotte Murray, 8th Baroness Strange, sold the suzerainty of the island to the British government for £70,000. By the passage of the Isle of Man Purchase Act 1765 the title of Lord of Mann was revested into the British Crown. It has therefore since been used on the Isle of Man to refer to the reigning Monarch of the United Kingdom. All remaining rights and property of the Dukes of Atholl on the island were sold to the British government in 1828. Nikolayevsk Incident The was a series of several events during the Russian Civil War. They happened between February and March 1920. It ended with the killing of many Japanese people in Russia and most of the Russians living in the town Nikolayevsk-on-Amur. Nikolayevsk-on-Amur is in the far eastern section of Russia. In September 1918, about 350 troops of the 14th division the Imperial Japanese Army held the town. They're were part of the Siberian Intervention. Early in February 1920, the town also had about 450 Japanese civilians. The Russian "White Army" also had about 300 members in Nikolayevsk. Roughly 15,000 civilians also lived in Nikolayevsk. In January 1920, the town had been surrounded by an army of four thousand controlled by Yakov Triapitsyn, an anarchist who was allied with the Red Army. On February 24, the commander of the Japanese Army's people in Nikolayevsk realized that there were too many enemy troops, so he allowed Triapitsyn's troops to enter the town under a flag of truce. However, Triapitsyn began rounding up all of his forces and deploying White Army supporters, the only force cooperating, the small Japanese garrison. He then demanded that the Japanese garrison disarm–remove all their weapons they are holding, sure that the small Japanese force would not agree with his request. The Japanese then had an unexpected attack on 12 March. However, the attack was unsuccessful, and most people in the Japanese Army died. The few who survived did not stop the attack until they were ordered by the Japanese high command. Triapitsyn decided to attack the remaining Japanese troops, which helped capture the Japanese garrison and deaths of all but 122 Japanese non-army members. In all, about 700 people died. Triapitsyn decided to terrorize and kill any civilians he felt were a danger to his forces. The other way to execute those who he only injured was to stab them with a bayonet and throw them into a hole in the Amur River. Using this method, Triapitsyn and his army killed thousands of people in Nikolayevsk-on-Amur. In late May, as other Japanese people were coming to help, Triapitsyn killed everyone living in Nikolayevsk-on-Amur–Japanese or Russian–and burned the town to the ground. The Japanese government protested to the Bolshevik government in Moscow, demanding compensation for the execution of all the residents in Nikolayevsk-on-Amur. The government of Russia responded by murdering Triapitsyn; however, the Japanese government felt that this didn't make up for what had happened. Japan used this as an excuse to have it residents live in Sakhalin island, where they remained till 1925. William Peter Van Ness William Peter Van Ness (February 13, 1778–September 6, 1826) was a United States federal judge. Early Life and education. Van Ness was born in Ghent, New York. He is the son of Judge Peter Van Ness (1734– 1804), a lawyer and farmer. The home and land were later purchased by Martin Van Buren, who renamed the estate Lindenwald. Peter Van Ness is buried on the Lindenwald estate. William Van Ness's brothers included U.S. Representative and Washington, D.C. mayor John Peter Van Ness and Vermont governor Cornelius Peter Van Ness. William Van Ness attended Washington Seminary and graduated from Columbia College in 1797. After graduating from college William Van Ness read law in the office of Edward Livingston, attaining acceptance to the bar in 1800. Early Career. William Van Ness practiced law in New York City, Albany, and Hudson from 1800 to 1812. Van Ness, a friend of Aaron Burr, was an active participant in the 1800 presidential campaign as a vocal supporter of the Democratic-Republican candidates, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. In 1801 Van Ness served as a Delegate to the New York Constitutional Convention, which was called to amend the state constitution of 1777. Martin Van Buren completed his legal studies in Van Ness's office in 1802 and became an attorney in Columbia County, New York. In July, 1804 William Van Ness served as Aaron Burr's second in Burr's duel with Alexander Hamilton, and was present when Burr killed Hamilton. Judicial career. On May 25, 1812, Van Ness was nominated by President James Madison to a new seat on the United States District Court for the District of New York. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 26, 1812, and received his commission on May 27, 1812. On April 9, 1814, he was reassigned by operation of law to the newly subdivided United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Career as an author. Van Ness was the author of several political and judicial works, including: "Examination of Charges against Aaron Burr" (1803); "The Laws of New York, with Notes," (with John Woodworth), (2 vols. 1813); "Reports of Two Cases in the Prize Court for New York District" (1814); and "Concise Narrative of Gen. Jackson's First Invasion of Florida" (1826). Death and burial. Van Ness served on the bench until his death in New York City. He was buried in Brooklyn's Greenwood Cemetery. Sundae The sundae is an ice cream dessert. It is usually made of a scoop of ice cream topped with sauce or syrup. Sometimes, it has other toppings including chopped nuts, sprinkles, whipped cream, or maraschino cherries. The first historically documented sundae was created on Sunday, April 3, 1892. Sundaes are found and available to buy in many places, including fast foods, restaurants, and other luxury places. Sundaes are usually sweeter than ice cream and the scoops of ice cream and flavors can be customized. Soyuz (spacecraft) Soyuz (, ) is a series of spacecraft designed for the Soviet space programme. It was first used in the 1960s. The Soyuz spacecraft is launched on a Soyuz rocket, the most frequently used and most reliable launch vehicle in the world to date.[1][2] All Soyuz spacecraft are launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. History. The first Soyuz flight had no people aboard. It launched on November 28, 1966. The first Soyuz mission with a crew, Soyuz 1, launched on 23 April 1967 but crashed upon return, killing cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov. Soyuz 3 (October 26, 1968) was the first successful manned mission. Now, the Soyuz is widely considered the world's safest, most cost-effective human spaceflight vehicle. Soyuz spacecraft were used to carry cosmonauts to and from Salyut and later Mir space stations, and are now used for transport to and from the International Space Station (ISS). At least one Soyuz spacecraft is docked at the ISS at all times for use as an escape craft in the event of an emergency. Parts. The Soyuz spacecraft has three parts: Orbital module. The orbital module is also called the Habitation section. It has all the equipment not needed for reentry, such as experiments, cameras and cargo. It also contains a docking collar for docking to space stations. It does not come back to earth. Reentry module. The reentry module is used for launch and the journey back to earth. Half of it is covered in heat protection tiles. It comes back to earth. Service module. The service module has solar panels. It contains systems for temperature control, electric power supply, long-range radio communications and radio telemetry. It does not come back to earth. Space Shuttle Challenger disaster The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster occurred on January 28, 1986, when the NASA's  broke up 73 seconds after liftoff. All seven crew members were killed. It was the 25th flight of a Space Shuttle. The cause of the explosion was a part called an O-ring that broke in the right solid rocket booster. During the flight, hot gases escaped from the O-ring and made it break apart. Shuttles stopped flying for two and a half years. Background. The mission of the flight that ended in disaster was named STS-51-L. It was the tenth mission for "Challenger". STS-51-L was scheduled to deploy the second in a series of Tracking and Data Relay Satellites. It was also going to carry out the first flight of the "Shuttle Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Astronomy" (SPARTAN-203) / Halley's Comet Experiment Deployable in order to observe Halley's Comet. One of the crew members was Christa McAuliffe, a civilian teacher. She was going to carry out several lessons from space as part of the Teacher in Space Project and Shuttle Student Involvement Program (SSIP). Another crew member of this mission, Gregory Jarvis, was originally going to fly on the previous shuttle flight (STS-61-C). However, he was reassigned to this flight and replaced by Congressman Bill Nelson. O-ring issues. The O-ring was a part of the Shuttle's solid rocket booster that, when working correctly, stopped hot gas escaping through joins in the booster's steel skin called field joints. Each booster had three field joints, and each joint had two rubber O-rings, a main and a backup, that circled the booster. When the boosters were tested in 1977, however, the force caused by the pressure inside the booster made the steel parts bend away from each other at the field joints, breaking the O-ring seals and allowing the hot gases to escape. This was called "joint rotation", and if the "blow-by" of the hot gases against the O-rings was bad enough it could have destroyed the ring and caused the booster to explode. However, it was also found that the rubber O-rings would shift under the forces of lift-off and form a seal anyway, which was called "extrusion", so the problem was not seen as serious by NASA. Blow-by of the O-rings had been seen on early Shuttle flights, and a pattern was noticed by the engineers who built the boosters: more blow-by happened in cold temperatures. The company that built the boosters, Thiokol, had been working on a fix but had not told NASA even though the O-rings were "criticality 1" parts, meaning that if they should fail to do their job, the rocket would be destroyed. Criticality 1 parts were also not allowed to rely on a backup part for safety - this meant that the backup O-ring in the booster was not good enough to keep the astronauts safe. Launch. It was unusually cold on the morning of the Space shuttle's launch. The engineers argued that the "Challenger" should not take off because the temperature was and the O-rings could not seal right if the temperature was under . The NASA commanders did not agree and said that the backup O-ring would work. They were later proved wrong. The temperature was so low that icicles were hanging from some parts of the launch pad. However, the NASA commanders convinced the engineers' managers to overrule them and approve the launch. Challenger lifted off at 11:38 EST exactly. In the first four seconds of flight, grey smoke was seen on the launch pad cameras coming out of the aft (bottom) field joint in the right booster. This was the O-rings being partially destroyed - they had been frozen solid and could not seal, so the blow-by of hot gases burned them away completely before the "extrusion" could happen. However, aluminium oxide, formed by the burning rocket fuel, plugged the gap and formed a weak seal. "Challenger" was safe for now, and quickly cleared the launch tower. Vehicle breakup. "Challenger" flew normally for almost a minute. At the 59 second mark, though, the aluminium seal broke. This allowed the burning rocket fuel to escape through the broken part of the O-ring. A visible plume of fire came out of the right SRB, burning both the external fuel tank and the piece of metal keeping the two connected. This plume burned through the bottom of the fuel tank, where the liquid hydrogen fuel was stored. At 68 seconds after liftoff, the engines increased power to produce the highest thrust possible (known as throttling up). The flight controllers informed the shuttle crew that their flight status was "go" at the throttle-up stage. The flight commander, Dick Scobee, responded with ""Roger, go at throttle up." However, at 72 seconds after liftoff, the fire that had burned through the fuel tank also burned through the connecting metal, leaving the right booster hanging only by the forward (top) attaching point. "Challenger" suddenly went off its intended path, which may have been felt by the crew. Half a second later, Smith said the last words picked up by the recorder designed to record all interactions in the crew area of the shuttle during flight: "Uh oh..."". Smith may have been responding to the shuttle's computer telling him that the engines were moving quickly to compensate for the now loose booster in a useless attempt to get the shuttle back on the planned path. The right booster, free to swing about its remaining connection, turned outwards and hit the top of the fuel tank just as the hydrogen tank broke. The burning liquid fuel pushed the hydrogen tank into the now-broken upper oxygen tank, destroying both. The two liquid fuel parts combined and exploded in one go, swallowing "Challenger" in a huge explosion. The boosters, being made of thick steel, survived this, and though the explosion itself didn't destroy "Challenger" directly, it pushed the Shuttle into the wrong angle for its flight path through the air, which caused enormous amounts of drag that ripped "Challenger" apart. Little is known of what happened in the minutes after the breakup. The crew cabin was still intact as it started falling, since it was built to be strong. The official report into the disaster says that the crew survived the first breakup and that at least three people were still alive. They were able to move switches which required a cover to be pulled off before they could be moved, probably when they tried to regain control of the craft, as well as activate their air packs. The crew cabin did not have any kind of parachute, and it smashed into the ocean after falling for 2 minutes and 45 seconds at roughly . Any crew that might have survived the first break up died instantly with more than 200 times the force of normal gravity. This is like going from 0 to over and then slowing back down to 0 all within a second. Investigation. Many people wanted to know why the "Challenger" exploded. President Ronald Reagan asked for a report about the disaster. It was called the "Rogers Commission Report" and it was written by a group of astronauts, scientists and engineers. They worked out what had happened and why the "Challenger" exploded. The report said that the people in charge at NASA did not listen to the engineers who said the O-rings were not safe; and that sometimes the people in charge thought that parts of the shuttle were well made when they were not. They also wrote that NASA sometimes did unsafe things because people would get angry if the shuttle launches were delayed. There were no shuttle flights while the report was written. After the report was written, NASA had to be more careful in many different ways. Royal Society of Arts The Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA) is a British multi-disciplinary institution, based in London. It is often called the Royal Society of Arts instead of by its long formal name. The front of the building uses the short name too — see photograph. It was founded in 1754 and was granted a Royal Charter in 1847. Notable members have included Benjamin Franklin, Karl Marx, Adam Smith, William Hogarth, John Diefenbaker, Stephen Hawking and Charles Dickens. The RSA was set up to "embolden enterprise, enlarge science, refine art, improve our manufactures and extend our commerce", but also to reduce poverty and secure full employment. History. The RSA was founded in 1754 by William Shipley as the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, modelled on the Dublin Society for improving Husbandry, Manufactures and other Useful Arts. In 1774, it moved into a new building near the Strand in central London which had been purpose-designed by the Adam Brothers (James Adam and Robert Adam) as part of their Adelphi scheme. The address was 8 John Street (now 8 John Adam Street). The RSA is still in there, but it also occupies nearby buildings (2-6 John Adam Street, plus 18 Adam Street). The original building includes the Great Room, which features a magnificent sequence of paintings by Irish artist James Barry: "The progress of human knowledge and culture". The first occupant of 18 Adam Street was the Adelphi Tavern, which is mentioned in Dickens's "The Pickwick Papers". The former private dining room of the Tavern contains a magnificent Adam ceiling with painted roundels by the school of Kauffman and Zucchi. In its early years, the Society offered prizes — which it called "premiums" — for people who could successfully achieve one of a number of published challenges. Captain William Bligh suffered the Mutiny on the Bounty while attempting to win a premium for shipping breadfruit from the East to the West Indies. He tried again and this time succeeded, and the Society awarded him the prize. The Society offered premiums for a very wide range of challenges including inventing new forms of machinery and agricultural improvements (which included seeking ways to improve the cultivation of opium poppies). The RSA hosted Britain's first exhibition of contemporary art which was a big success. As a result, the Royal Academy of Arts was formed in 1768 by Sir Thomas Gainsborough and Sir Joshua Reynolds — two early members of the RSA — as a spin-off organisation. It was granted a Royal Charter in 1847. In 1908, King Edward VII granted it the right to use the term "Royal" in its name. The National Training School for Music in London was founded by the Society in 1876. This was later succeeded by the Royal College of Music. The RSA is probably best known for creating the RSA Examinations Board, now part of the separate OCR (Oxford, Cambridge and RSA Examinations) Board, following the Society's launch of the modern world's first public examinations in 1882. It devised a scheme for remembering the links between famous people and buildings by placing plaques on the walls — these continue today as "Blue Plaques" which are administered by a range of government bodies. The first of these plaques was, in fact, of red terracotta placed on the outside of a former home of Lord Byron (since demolished). The Society erected 36 plaques until, in 1901, responsibility for them was transferred to the London County Council (which changed the colour of the plaques to the current blue) and later the Greater London Council and most recently English Heritage. Similar schemes are now operated in all the constituent countries of the United Kingdom. The Society was instrumental in the preservation of West Wycombe, purchasing the entire village and handing it over the National Trust. In 1936, the RSA awarded the first distinctions of Royal Designers for Industry (RDI or HonRDI). The honour gained royal endorsement in 1936, and "The Faculty of Royal Designers for Industry" was established as an association in 1937 to "further excellence in design and its application to industrial purposes": membership of the Faculty is automatic for (and exclusive to) all RDIs and HonRDIs. The Faculty currently has 120 Royal Designers (RDI) and 45 Honorary Royal Designers (non-UK citizens can be HonRDI): the number of designers who may hold the distinction of RDI at any one time is strictly limited. The Faculty consists of the world’s leading practitioners from fields as disparate as engineering, furniture, fashion and textiles, graphics, theatre and movie design. Early members include Eric Gill, Enid Marx, Sir Frank Whittle and numerous other household names. An example of the Society's success is offered by the "Oxford English Dictionary", which records the first use of the word "sustainability" in an environmental sense in the RSA's Journal in 1980. Fellows. The Society states that, 'Fellows attach the letters FRSA after their name'. Membership of the fellowship is considered an honour. This was not, however, always the case. According to Sutherland Lyall in 2003, 'the Royal Society of Arts used to ask you not to use [the suffix FRSA] because anybody who pays the modest fee becomes a Fellow'. Being elected a Fellow currently depends on having achieved (or demonstrating the potential to achieve) a contribution to society in a cultural or arts-related sphere. The RSA today. The organisation is Incorporated by Royal Charter, is registered as a charity in England, and has more than 27,000 Fellows living in around 70 countries who support the aims of the society, and who have achieved — or who have the potential to achieve — eminence in their profession or calling. Its Patron is currently HM Queen Elizabeth II, its President is HRH The Princess Royal (who replaced her father, HRH Prince Philip in 2011), its Chairman is Luke Johnson (businessman) and its Chief Executive is Matthew Taylor. Each year a number of medals are awarded, including the "Albert Medal", the "Benjamin Franklin Medal", and the "Bicentenary Medal". Medal winners include Nelson Mandela, Sir Frank Whittle and Professor Stephen Hawking. In Great Britain and Ireland, the RSA has offered some regional activities to encourage Fellows to interact with each other locally and to address local topics of interest. The UK Regions are: East of England, East Midlands, London, North East, North West, Scotland, South East, South West, Wales, West, West Midlands and Yorkshire; Northern Ireland, part of the UK, is treated, for historical reasons, as a single all-Ireland region — 'Ireland' — that includes the Republic of Ireland. The RSA also has a presence in Belgium (to increase its influence in Brussels) and, further afield, in Australia, India, Southern Africa and the USA. Events. The Society runs a free public events programme which seeks to introduce new and challenging thinking. These are made freely available on its website after the event as mp3 audio files and videos. Recent lecturers include Michael Sandel, Nassim Nicholas Taleb, Sir Ken Robinson, Don Tapscott, Alain de Botton, Al Gore, Anthony Grayling, Zarine Kharas (founder of Justgiving), Amir Aczel, and Chris Anderson. The choice of speaker for the recent annual Presidential lecture has been a matter of interest in the press. Danish professor Björn Lomborg, was chosen; his latest book, "Cool It", suggests that the imminent demise of polar bears is a myth. As president of the RSA, Prince Philip's first choice of speaker was Ian Plimer, professor of mineral geology at Adelaide University, but this was rejected as too controversial, as Plimer argues that the theory of Anthropogenic Global Warming is unproven. On January 14, 2010, the RSA in partnership with Arts Council England hosted a one-day conference in London called "State of the Arts". A number of speakers from various dispclines from art to government gathered to talk about the state of the arts industry in the United Kingdom. Notable speakers included Jeremy Hunt MP, Secretary of State for Culture, Media & Sport and his counterpart Ben Bradshaw MP, who was then the Secretary of State for Culture, Media & Sport. Notably, Jeremy Hunt stated that if the Conservative party won the next elections then government funding for the arts would be cut. The RSA House is also available to hire by external clients, providing hospitality facilities for conferences, dinners, parties and weddings. The stunning Vaults are of significant interest and provide a unique space for entertaining. Projects. In July 2008, the RSA became a sponsor of an academy in Tipton, The RSA Academy, which opened in September 2008. New buildings are currently under construction to designs by John McAslan and Partners. Current projects include Arts and Ecology, Citizen Power, Connected Communities, Design and Society, Education, Public Services, Social Brain and Technology in a Cold Climate. Past projects include delivering fresh drinking water to the developing world, rethinking intellectual property from first principles to produce a Charter (published as the Adelphi Charter), investigating schemes to manage international migration and exploring the feasibility of a UK-wide personal carbon trading system. It still promotes the practice of inclusive design, and is working with artists to communicate ideas about environmental sustainability (for example, through one of the RSA's past projects, WEEE Man, and currently through the Arts and Ecology project). Other websites. "Informational" Nolan Ryan Lynn Nolan Ryan (born January 31, 1947) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher. He played in the major leagues from 1966 to 1993. He played for the New York Mets, California Angels, Houston Astros, and Texas Rangers.. As a pitcher, Ryan struck out 5,714 batters. This is the most all-time. Ryan is the only pitcher in the MLB to strike out 5,000 batters. Ryan has also walked more batters and thrown more no-hitters than anyone else. He is now the president and one of the owners of the Texas Rangers. Ryan is from Refugio, Texas. Nickelodeon Games and Sports for Kids Nickelodeon Games and Sports for Kids (also called Nickelodeon GAS, Nick GAS, or GAS) was an American cable television network. It was part of MTV Networks's digital cable channels, and was available to all companies that provide digital cable and to Dish Network. Nick GAS started on March 1, 1999. Dave Aizer (1999–2003), Vivianne Collins (1999–2003), and later Mati Moralejo (2001–2005) were the network's first on-air hosts. Nick GAS focused on Nickelodeon game shows, which by 2000 were no longer available on the main Nickelodeon network. It was basically a children's version of Game Show Network, which had started in 1994. On December 31, 2007, Nick GAS was discontinued and was replaced by The N, which splitted from Noggin. However, Dish Network continued to air Nick GAS until April 23, 2009. Noah Cyrus Noah Lindsey Cyrus (born January 8, 2000) is Miley Cyrus's younger sister and Billy Ray Cyrus's daughter. She was born in Nashville, Tennessee. She has been in some TV shows like "Hannah Montana" but had very small roles. Career. She appeared in the straight-to-DVD movie "". She was also in the film Ponyo with Frankie Jonas the youngest brother of the Jonas Brothers and played the character Yuria Nara. She also sang the theme song for Ponyo with Frankie too. Personal life. She dated rapper Lil Xan. Enver Galim Enver Galim (March 15, 1915, Kazan, Russian Empire – March 2, 1988, New York, US), Tatar writer and journalist, was one of the translators of the Bible into the Tatar language. After graduating from the Institute of the Tatar Language and Literature in 1938, Enver Galim worked as a school teacher and a journalist. He was drafted into the Soviet Army in 1941 and sent to the front to fight against Nazi Germany. A year later he was severely wounded and captured by German soldiers. After spending a few months in the POW camp Enver Galim was released. Fearing repression in Stalinist Russia, he decided to stay in Germany. To avoid deportation, he applied for Turkish citizenship and after receiving it, changed his name to Enver Galimoglu. After the war, he continued his career as a journalist, writing articles for the magazine "Azad Vatan" and other publications. Between 1953 and 1988 Enver Galim worked for the Tatar-Bashkir Service of Radio Liberty. After 1968 he was Radio Liberty's correspondent based in New York. He contributed numerous articles and analyses to "Problems of the Peoples of the USSR", the Turkish-language magazine "Dergi" and the Russian-language newspaper "Vestnik." One of his major works was the translation of the Bible into the Tatar language. Acorales Acorales is the sweet flag order of flowering plants and the most basal lineage among the monocotyledons, which are characterized by having a single seed leaf. This order contains the single family Acoraceae and one genus ("Acorus"), which comprises two to four species of plants that resemble the irises. Semicolon A semicolon is a punctuation mark. It looks like this: ; Use in English. In the standard English language, a semicolon has only two uses. First, to connect two independent clauses into a single sentence. For example: "I could tell that it was getting late; it was growing darker by the second." The second use of a semicolon is to separate items in a series when the items contain parenthetical elements within themselves. For example: "The following crewmembers were on the bridge: James T. Kirk, captain of the Enterprise; Mr. Spock, first science officer; Mr. Sulu, helmsman; Mr. Scott, engineer; and Dr. McCoy, chief medical officer." A semicolon is also used with a conjunctive adverb when joining two clauses. In reality, this is the same as the first rule, but it looks different enough to sometimes cause concern. For example: "huzaifa, context in which all life exists; consequently, it is more than a political issue." Use in Computer Programming. A semicolon is sometimes used in programming. In programming languages such as C, semicolons are used to separate logical statements. int main() { int x, y; x = 1; y = 2; printf("X + Y = %d", x + y); return 0; Magazine (firearms) A magazine is a place for keeping ammunition. For artillery it can be a special warehouse or a special room in a warship. In firearms, a magazine (often incorrectly called a "clip") is a container that holds ammunition for a firearm. An external magazine is pushed into the firearm, which is called loading. An Internal magazine(common in bolt action rifles) is built into the gun and cannot be easily taken out, these are usually reloaded individually or via a stripper clip. Taking an empty magazine out of a firearm and putting in a full one is known as reloading the gun, but putting more bullets inside the magazine is known as reloading the magazine. The most common type of magazine is a box magazine, which holds the bullets in columns. There are also other types of magazines such as drum, pan and helix that hold more bullets that a normal box magazine. The most common type of ammo used with magazines is bullets. Most modern guns that shoot bullets use magazines for loading ammo (with the notable exception of revolvers). Some kinds of shotguns use shotgun shell speed-loader magazines for faster reloading. Most magazines use a spring and follower inside to push the ammunition into the gun. Magazines may be made out of metal or plastic. Metal magazines are more common, but some plastic magazines can be partly see-through so that the user can see how much ammo is left inside. Shotgun shell A shotgun shell is the standard type of ammunition for a shotgun. It is fired after being loaded into the chamber or chambers of a shotgun. The shell is cylindrical in shape and is normally between and long. It holds a charge of gunpowder and either lead shot or a shotgun slug made to be fired from the shotgun. Shotgun shells are usually mostly plastic but have thin brass at the base, though they can be made of solid brass, paper, or other combinations of these materials. A shotgun shell's size is usually measured in gauge (also known as bore). The most common size of shotgun shell is the 12-gauge. When measuring gauge, a smaller number means a larger shell: a 12-gauge shell is larger than a 20-gauge shell. Shell gauge is an old measurement. Except for the .410 bore or gauge, which is not a gauge at all but a caliber, the gauge of a shotgun was equal to the number of lead balls that added up to . So in a 12 gauge, 12 balls add up to about a pound of lead. So the diameter is equal to a ball weighing 1/12th of a pound of lead. A 20 gauge, another popular size today, has the diameter of a ball weighing 1/20th of a pound of lead. Besides lead shot and slugs which are designed to be lethal, there are special less lethal types of shotgun shells which shoot things made to hurt but not kill people. Less lethal shells are most often used by police. These can be loaded with plastic or rubber shot, rubber slugs, beanbags, or salt. Eric Carr Eric Carr (July 12, 1950 - November 24, 1991) was an American rock drummer. He was a member of the rock band Kiss from 1981 to 1991. Early career. One of Carr's first bands was "Salt and Pepper". They played covers of various artists. They had success in the 1970s playing in small clubs. The band continued playing for nine years. Salt & Pepper became the opening act for artists such as Stevie Wonder and Nina Simone. The group changed their name to "Creation" in 1973 and began to play Disco. Kiss. In 1981, Carr replaced Peter Criss on drums in the hard rock band Kiss. Carr brought a heavy metal style to the band. The band's first album with Carr was "Music from The Elder", released on November 16, 1981. Carr co-wrote some songs on the album. He co-wrote "Escape from the Island" with Ace Frehley, and "Under the Rose" with Gene Simmons. Other albums with Kiss were "Creatures of the Night", "Lick It Up", "Animalize", and "Hot in the Shade". Carr's last public appearance with Kiss was at the MTV Video Music Awards in September 1991. Carr died of heart cancer on November 24, 1991 at age 41. Royal Canadian Navy The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) was the navy of Canada from 1911 to 1968. From 4 May 1910 to 29 August 1911 the navy was known officially as the "Naval Service of Canada" and operationally as Canadian Naval Forces. During the early years of the 20th century, there was a lot of talk in the British Empire as to the role the Dominions would play in defence and foreign affairs. Because of the developing naval arms race with Germany, a key part of this discussion focused on naval issues. In Canada, the naval debate came down to a choice between two options: either the young country could provide funds, support and manpower to the Royal Navy, or it could form its own navy, which could help support the Royal Navy if necessary. After extensive political debates, Canadian politicians chose to set up their own navy. The Royal Canadian Navy Served with the Royal Navy in World Wars I and II, but during the Suez Crisis of the 1950s Canada and the United Kingdom had different political views. Coupled with mutinies in 1949 partly linked to old British ways the Canadian government started looking at making sure the Canadian Navy had a very separate identity from the Royal Navy. In August of 2011 the three services were once again separated, ending decades of confusion and low morale. The Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and Royal Canadian Air Force were reinstated. Leo (constellation) Leo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. Its name is Latin for lion. Its symbol is (). Leo lies between dim Cancer to the west and Virgo to the east. Notable features. Stars. Leo contains many bright shining stars, such as Regulus (also called α Leonis); the lion's tail, Denebola (also called β Leonis); and γ1 Leonis (also called Algieba). Many other fainter stars have been named as well, such as δ Leo (Zosma), θ Leo (Chort), κ Leo (Al Minliar al Asad), λ Leo (Alterf), and ο Leo (Subra). Regulus, Al Jabbah, and Algieba, together with the fainter stars ζ Leo (Adhafera), μ Leo (Ras Elased Borealis), and ε Leo (Ras Elased Australis), make up the pattern known as "the Sickle". These stars represent the head and the mane of the lion. The star Wolf 359, one of the nearest stars to Earth (7.78 light-years), is in Leo. The carbon star CW Leo (IRC +10216) is the brightest star in the night sky at the infrared N-band (10 μm wavelength). Deep sky objects. Leo contains many bright galaxies, Messier 65, Messier 66, Messier 95, Messier 96, Messier 105, NGC 3521 and NGC 3628 are the most famous. The first two are part of the Leo Triplet. The Leo Ring is a cloud of hydrogen and helium gas. It is found in orbit of two galaxies found within Leo. Name and history. Many civilizations over thousands of years have portrayed the constellation of Leo as a lion. One theory for this is that the Sun was among its stars in Midsummer. This was the time when the lions of the Egyptian desert left their usual home for the banks of the river Nile. There they could find relief from the heat in the water. The Roman writer Pliny the Elder wrote that the Egyptians worshipped the stars of Leo. He says this is because the Nile would overflow with water at the same time as the Sun entering into the constellation. In Egypt, the Ramesseum ("the memorial temple of Pharaoh Ramesses II") at Thebes mentions Leo in the inscription on the wall. On the planisphere of Dendera Leo is shown standing on an outstretched serpent. The Persians called Leo "Ser" or "Shir"; the Turks, "Artan"; the Syrians, "Aryo"; the Jewish, "Arye"; the Indians, "Simha" ; all meaning a lion. In Babylonian astronomy these stars were called UR.GU.LA - the 'Great Lion'; the bright star, Regulus, that stands at the Lion's breast also had distinctly regal associations as it was known as the King Star. In Greek mythology, it was identified as the Nemean Lion which was killed by Hercules during one of his twelve labours, and after that put into the sky. The Roman poet Ovid called it "Herculeus Leo" and "Violentus Leo". "Bacchi Sidus" (Star of Bacchus) was another of its titles, the god Bacchus always being identified with this animal. However, Manilius called it "Jovis et Junonis Sidus" (Star of Jupiter and Juno). Early Hindu astronomers knew it as "Asleha" and as "Sinha", the Tamil "Simham". Astrology. As of 2002, the Sun appeared in the constellation Leo from August 10 to September 15. In tropical astrology, the Sun is considered to be in the sign Leo from July 23 to August 22. In sidereal astrology the sun is said to be in Leo from August 16 to September 15. Visualizations. H.A. Rey has suggested an alternative way to connect the stars, which shows a lion walking. The stars delta Leonis, gamma Leonis, eta Leonis, and theta Leonis form the body of the lion. The stars gamma Leonis, zeta Leonis, mu Leonis, epsilon Leonis, and eta Leonis form the lion's neck. The stars mu Leonis, kappa Leonis, lambda Leonis, and epsilon Leonis form the head of the lion. Delta Leonis and beta Leonis form the lion's tail: beta Leonis, also known as Denebola, is the bright tip of the tail with a magnitude of two. The stars theta Leonis, iota Leonis, and sigma Leonis form the left hind leg of the lion, with sigma Leonis being the foot. The stars theta Leonis and rho Leonis form the right hind leg, with rho Leonis being the foot. The stars eta Leonis and alpha Leonis mark the lion's heart, with alpha Leonis, also known as Regulus, being the bright star of magnitude one. The stars eta Leonis and omicron Leonis form the right front foot of the Lion. Leo (astrology) Leo is the fifth astrological sign of the Zodiac, starting from the constellation of Leo. Leo is considered to be a "feminist ", positive (extrovert) sign. It is also considered a fire sign and is one of four fixed signs ruled by the Sun. Being the fifth sign of the zodiac, Leo has been associated with the astrological fifth house. Individuals born when the Sun is in this sign are considered Leo individuals. The Sun is in Leo roughly from July 22 to August 23. Under the sidereal zodiac, it is currently there roughly from August 10 to September 15. Naming. "See Leo (constellation) " Celestial sphere In astronomy and navigation, the celestial sphere is an imaginary sphere ("ball") of a very large unspecified size. The earth and the sphere have the same centre: they are "concentric". They also rotate upon the same axis. All objects in the sky can be thought of as projected ("drawn, written") upon the celestial sphere. This imaginary sphere is a very practical tool for positional astronomy. Celestial hemispheres. The equator divides the earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. Similarly, the celestial sphere is divided by projecting the equator into space. This divides the sphere into the north celestial hemisphere and the south celestial hemisphere. One can also locate the Celestial Tropic of Cancer, Celestial Tropic of Capricorn, North Celestial Pole, and South Celestial Pole. Sidereal time. The Earth rotates from west to east around its axis in slightly less than 24 hours. The celestial sphere and all objects on it appear to rotate from east to west around the celestial poles in the same time. This is the diurnal motion ("daily motion"). This is why stars will rise in the east and set in the west, (unless a star is circumpolar). On the next night a particular star will rise again, but with our normal clocks running a 24-hour 0-minute cycle, it will do so slightly less than 4 minutes earlier. By the following night the difference will be 8 minutes, and so forth with every following night (or day). The reason for this is that the Sun does not stand still on the celestial sphere, and the stars do (except for a tiny proper motion). The sun moves about 1° per day eastwards over a great circle known as the ecliptic (which is 360° or a full circle in one year, the annual motion of the Sun). As an angle of 1° corresponds to 4 minutes in time (360° = 24 hours), we need therefore four extra minutes of diurnal motion to see the Sun back on the same meridian again, making the duration of one rotation just 24 hours exactly (on the average, ignoring small seasonal variations, see equation of time) Normal clocks therefore indicate solar time. Astronomers studying the movements of stars may want clocks indicating sidereal time, going around once in 23h56m (solar time units). Star globe. A celestial sphere can also refer to a physical model of the celestial sphere or celestial globe. Such globes map the constellations on the "outside" of a sphere, resulting in a mirror image of the constellations as seen from Earth. The oldest surviving example of such an artefact is the globe of the Farnese Atlas sculpture, a 2nd-century copy of an older (Hellenistic period, ca. 120 BC) work. Capricornus Capricornus is one of the constellations of the zodiac. It is often called Capricorn, especially when referring to the corresponding astrological sign. Its name is Latin for "horned male goat" or "goat horn", and it is commonly represented in the form of a sea-goat: a mythical creature that is half goat, half fish. Its symbol is (Unicode ♑). Capricornus is one of the 88 modern constellations, and was also one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy. Under its modern boundaries it is bordered by Aquila, Sagittarius, Microscopium, Piscis Austrinus and Aquarius. The constellation is in an area of sky called the Sea or Water, consisting of many water-related constellations such as Aquarius, Pisces and Eridanus. Notable features. Capricornus is the second faintest constellation in the zodiac after Cancer. Its brighter stars are on a triangle whose corners are α2 Capricorni (also known as Giedi), δ Capricorni (Deneb Algiedi), and ω Capricorni. Deep sky objects. Capricorn has several galaxies and clusters. Messier 30 is a globular cluster that is one degree south of the galaxy group NGC 7103. The constellation also harbors the wide spiral galaxy NGC 6907. History. Despite it being very faint, Capricornus has one of the oldest mythological associations. It has consistently been represented as a cross of a goat and a fish since the Middle Bronze Age. The earliest picture of Capricornus is on a cylinder-seal dating c. 21st century BCE. From the mid second Millennium it became a popular motif on boundary stones. It was explicitly recorded in the Babylonian star catalogues as "The Goat-Fish" before 1000 BC. The constellation was a symbol of Ea and in the Early Bronze Age marked the winter solstice. Because of the precession of the equinoxes the December solstice no longer takes place while the sun is in the constellation Capricornus. The astrological sign called Capricorn now begins with the solstice. The sun's most southerly position is now called the Tropic of Capricorn. This term also applies to the line on earth where the sun is directly overhead at noon on that solstice. The planet Neptune was discovered in this constellation by German astronomer Johann Galle, near Deneb Algedi (δ Capricorni) on September 23, 1846, which is reasonable as Capricornus can be seen best at 4:00am in September. In Chinese astronomy, constellation Capricornus is in "The Black Tortoise of the North" (北方玄武, "Běi Fāng Xuán Wǔ"). Mythology. Capricorn the sea goat was a goat that decided to take over the world. The gods of Greece looked down upon that and sent there wrath and killed him with one of Zeus thunderbolts. Then they hung him in the sky to humiliate him. Astrology. As of 2002, the Sun appears in the constellation Capricornus from January 19 to February 15. In tropical astrology, the Sun is considered to be in the sign Capricorn from December 22 to January 19, and in sidereal astrology, from January 15 to February 15. Visualizations. Ptolemy's method of connecting the stars of Capricornus has been influential. H. A. Rey has suggested an alternative way to join the stars, which graphically shows a goat. The goat's head is formed by the triangle of stars ι Cap, θ Cap, and ζ Cap. The goat's horn sticks out with stars γ Cap and δ Cap. Star δ Cap, at the tip of the horn, is of the third magnitude. The goat's tail consists of stars β Cap and α2 Cap: star β Cap being of the third magnitude. The goat's hind foot consists of stars ψ Cap and ω Cap. Both of these stars are of the fourth magnitude. Capricornus as the name. USS Capricornus (AKA-57) is once of United States navy ship. SV Ried SV Ried is a soccerclub from the Ried, Upper Austria, playing in the Bundesliga, the highest class in Austria. History. The club was founded in 1912 and played till 1955 in Upper Austrias footballleague. With some up and downs they reached the 1. Landesliga(highest class in Upper Austrian football) in 1976. 1988 and 1990 they won the Championship but failed to reach the 2. Division(at that time second level in Austrian football). 1991 they promoted after the third title to the 2.Division. After four years in this class they promoted to the highest class in Austrian football. From 1995 to 2003 they played in the Bundesliga, but in the season 2002/2003 they only reached the 10th place and were relegated to the First Division. 2005 they reached the title of the second league and came back to the Bundesliga. 77 points are a all-time point record for the second level in Austrian football. They stayed until 2016/17 in the league and since 2020-21 they are playing again in the Bundesliga. 2007 they were runner-up in the Bundesliga and 1998 and 2011 they won the Austrian Cup. In the Cup Winners Cup 1998/1999 they reached the 3rd round. Navarre Navarre is an autonomous community in northern Spain. The capital of Navarre is Pamplona. History. When the Roman Empire existed, most of the people who lived in Navarre were the Vascones. Barbary falcon The Barbary falcon ("Falco pelegrinoides") is a species of bird. It is a medium-sized falcon about the size of a crow. This bird of prey breeds in the Canary Islands and on the coasts of North Africa. It is mainly resident. It is thought to be related to the peregrine falcon. L-DOPA Levodopa, or -DOPA is an amino acid. In the body of mammals, it is made from Tyrosine in a process named synthesis. It also occurs in different plants. As such it can be used as a dietary supplement. L-Dopa is the precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepiphedrine and epiphedrine, which are part of a group known as Catecholamines. L-dopa can also be used as a drug for diseases such as Parkinson's disease. The substance used in the drug is usually called "Levodopa", and the naturally occurring substance is called "L-Dopa". Austrobaileyales Austrobaileyales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants. There are about 100 species of woody plants, perhaps the most famous of which is the spice star anise, from "Illicium verum". The APG system, of 1998, did not recognize such an order. However, the APG II system, of 2003, did accept this order and placed it among the basal angiosperms. Chloranthaceae Chloranthaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. The family consists of four genera, totalling several dozen species, of herbaceous or woody plants occurring in Southeast Asia, the Pacific, Madagascar, Central & South America, and the West Indies. The flowers are inconspicuous, and arranged in inflorescences. Petals are absent in this family, and sometimes so are sepals. The flowers can be either hermaphrodite or of separate sexes. The fruit is drupe-like, consisting of one carpel. Creodont The Creodonta are, traditionally, an extinct order of mammals which lived from the Palaeocene to the Miocene epoch. They are distant relatives of the Carnivora. However, the carnassial teeth of modern carnivores and both groups of creodonts are not formed from the same teeth. This evolutionary convergence suggests the creodonts are "not" the ancestors of modern carnivores. Also, they are perhaps not a natural group. However, a phylogenetic analysis of Paleocene mammals published in 2015 supported the monophyly of Creodonta, and put the group as relatives of pangolins. There is an extensive literature on the subject. Creodonts were the dominant group of carnivorous mammals from 55 to 35 million years ago (mya) in the ecosystems of Africa, Eurasia and North America. They competed with the Mesonychids and the Entelodonts and ultimately outlasted them. In Oligocene Africa, they were the dominant predatory group. At last, they lost ground to the Carnivora. The Carnivora are the only group to survive today. The last creodont genus went extinct eight million years ago, and modern carnivores now occupy their ecological niches. The first creodont fossils were in the Palaeocene, about 60 million years ago (mya), and the last "Dissopsalis", perhaps eight mya. So, the creodonts lasted for at least 50 million years. Adaptations. Creodonts show various adaptations to their carnivorous life-style, and show convergent evolution with modern carnivores. They share, for example, the carnassial shear, a modification of teeth that sliced meat like scissors. The Carnivora also developed larger brains and more efficient running. Once forest and woodland was partly replaced by grassland, in the Miocene, the true carnivores had the advantage, and the creodonts lost ground and eventually became extinct. Peter Criss George Peter John Criscuola, also known as Peter Criss and by his stage name The Catman, (born December 20, 1945, in Brooklyn, New York) is an American drummer. Criss is known for being the drummer in the original lineup of New York Glam metal band Kiss (band) during the 1970s before being replaced by Eric Carr in 1981. Biography. Criss was born George Peter John Criscuola. He is of Italian descent. His parents were Joseph and Loretta Criscuolo. Criss was a student of art and jazz. He got his start in music in the pop rock group Chelsea. They recorded an album in 1970. Kiss. In 1972 Peter began his career in the band Kiss. The band included Paul Stanley on guitar and Gene Simmons on bass, and Ace Frehley as a first guitar. With the painted faces, in 1973 released their first album Kiss. The album was very successful. Peter Criss proved to be a good singer. He wrote and sang the ballad "Beth". On the band's third album, "Dressed to Kill" (1975), Criss sang the song "Getaway", written by Ace Frehley. In 1980 Peter Criss released his last album as the drummer of Kiss "Unmasked". Criss was fired from Kiss on May 18, 1980. This hit the band hard and again in the following years with the loss of original lead guitarist Ace Frehley. In 1981 he was replaced by drummer Eric Carr. In 1996, Criss returned to the band to record some acoustic tracks on the album "Unplugged and" for their highly sucessful 1996-7 Alive/Worldwide Reunion Tour, which grossed $43.7 million Peter Criss left the band again in 2004. He was then replaced later by Eric Singer. Kamaboko , also known as surimi' is a cured, processed seafood product of Japan. It is made of puréed white fish, formed into different shapes including semi-cylinder loafs, and steamed until it becomes firm. Some "kamaboko" known as "narutomaki" is made with a swirl pattern in the center of each slice, named after the famous tidal whirlpool in the Japanese city Naruto. Outside of Japan, "kamaboko" is often referred to as fish cake. "Kamaboko" has been made in Japan since the 14th century CE and has become commonly available in many other countries. One example that can be found in the West is "kanikama" (also known as "kani kamaboko"), or imitation crab. This variation of "surimi" is quite common in the West as it is a cheap substitute for real crab meat. In Japan, "kamaboko" can often be seen served as a topping over ramen or udon. It is also commonly sold at convenience stores as "chikama" ("kamaboko" and cheese). Banga Sena The Banga Sena (Bengal Army) is a separatist Hindu organisation, which supports the making of a Bangabhumi/separate homeland for Bengali Hindus in the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The group is led by Kalidas Baidya. Swadhin Bangabhumi Andolan Bangabhumi (, meaning the land of Bengal) also known as Bir Bango (), is a separatists movement to create a Hindu country using southwestern East Bengal envisioned by Banga Sena of Bangladesh. The movement was founded in 1973 in the Republic of India soon after Bangladeshi independence to support the Hindu refugees from Bangladesh, who were targeted by the Pakistani national army in the 1971 Bangladesh atrocities based on ideas of reconquest. However, this movement did not receive much support at that time. In an interview with BBC in 2001, Chittaranjan Sutar, one of the alleged organisers of the movement, denied any existence of the movement at that time. The movement openly became active again on 2003 when it declared the independence of Hindu Republic of Bangabhumi. Tempura is a kind of Japanese food. It is deep fried vegetables or seafood. Also templa that do not use seafood are called . The dish comes from a Portuguese dish peixinhos da horta, which was brought to Japan by Portuguese sailors in the mid-sixteenth century. Cooking. Batter for tempura is generally made from cold water and a light wheat flour. However, sometimes other ingredients may be added, such as eggs, baking soda or baking powder, starch, oil, or spices. Traditionally, the batter is mixed a small amount at a time using chopsticks. The batter is only mixed for a few seconds and the lumps are left behind, giving the fried tempura its unique shape. Great care is taken to make sure the tempura is not over-mixed, otherwise it will become chewy and dough-like. Special tempura flour has become widely available in supermarkets around the world. Tempura generally does not use breadcrumbs ("panko"). Foods made with this are usually referred to as "furai"--Japanese-style fried foods, such as tonkatsu (fried pork cutlet) or ebi furai (fried shrimp). Seafood or thinly sliced vegetables are dipped in the batter and then quickly fried in hot oil. Usually vegetable oil is used and is heated to around 160 to 180 degrees Celsius. The cooking time for different types of tempura varies greatly, from only a few seconds for very thin vegetables to minutes for thicker ingredients or "kakiage" (mixed vegetables fritters). Common ingredients for tempura include both seafood and vegetables, such as shrimp, squid, bell peppers, kabocha squash, eggplant, sweet potato, and lotus root, among many others. Serving. Tempura is served hot immediately after cooking. Sometimes a sauce for dipping will be provided, the most common being made from dashi stock, mirin, and soy sauce ("shōyu"). Sometimes a special salt is served with the tempura. In other cases it may be used as a topping on soups like on soba or udon. 1985 Mexico City earthquake The 1985 Mexico City earthquake was an earthquake that happened in Mexico City on September 19, 1985. It had a magnitude of 8.1, and the number of people killed was around 10,000. Warkany syndrome 2 Warkany syndrome 2, also known as chromosome 8 trisomy syndrome or trisomy 8, is a condition where chromosome 8 in humans has three sets of chromosomes, as opposed to the normal two. This condition is called "trisomy", and is where Warkany syndrome 2 derives its alternative names. People born with Warkany syndrome 2 typically have mental retardation and renal or skeletal malformations. Yothu Yindi Yothu Yindi was the first major indigenous band in Australia. They released many hits and albums such as "One Blood", "Treaty", "Garma", "Homeland Movement" and "Birrkuda". The name Yothu Yindi translates from 'yolngo matha' to English as "child and mother". This term refers to the connection the tribe has to their land. Achievements. Some of their achievements include spending 22 weeks in the national charts for their single "Treaty", the prime minister Paul Keating awarded them with $30000. Mandawuy Yunupingu. Mandawuy is a crocodile man and also lead singer and song writer with the band Yothu Yindi. He is very kind and inspirational as well as he is strongly Aboriginal. His brother won The Australian of the Year. Andreas Ulmer Andreas Ulmer (born October 30, 1985) is an Austrian footballplayer playing for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga as defender. His father,Gerhard Ulmer, and his uncle, Fritz Ulmer, were also footballplayers, playing for SK Voest Linz. Career. He started playing football in the local clubs SK Asten and LASK Linz. At the age of 14 he went to the Frank Stronach Academy in Hollabrunn (a school, where you can also visit a school beside your football education). He got his A-levels and then played for the second squad of FK Austria Wien after his debut for Austria Wien in the 2004/05 season. 2008/09 he played for SV Ried and then went to F.C. Red Bull Salzburg. For Red Bull Salzburg he played regularly as left defender. In the 2009/10 season he played all matches of Red Bull Salzburg. This year he even played 37 matches in the league, because he came in Winter to Red Bull Salzburg which had to play a match from the first half of the season in the second half, so Andreas Ulmer played this year 22 matches for SV Ried and 15 for Red Bull Salzburg. So far he is the only player in the whole football history of Austria who did one match more than the regular 36. During the warm-up for a Championsleague qualifing match versus Omonia Nikosia he was badly injured so he missed the first half of the season 2010/11. During the 2017–18 season, Salzburg and Ulmer had their best ever European campaign. They finished top of their Europa League group before beating Real Sociedad, Borussia Dortmund and Lazio Rom and reached for the first time the UEFA Europa League semi-final. 2022 he signed another year for FC Red Bull Salzburg. International career. Furius ISO Mount is a program to mount and burn iso files. Tiktaalik Tiktaalik is a genus of extinct fish. This sarcopterygian (lobe-finned) fish from the later Devonian has many features similar to those of tetrapods (four-legged animals). "Tiktaalik" lived about 375 million years ago. It is part of the transition between fish such as "Panderichthys", known from fossils 380 million years old, and early tetrapods such as "Acanthostega" and "Ichthyostega", known from fossils about 365 million years old. Its mixture of basal fish and derived tetrapod characteristics led one of its discoverers, Neil Shubin, to call "Tiktaalik" a 'fishapod'. This, and other species like it, prove that legs started to develop before these animals were land-based. They were shallow-water carnivorous fish, or fishapods. "Tiktaalik" was therefore a transitional fossil, and an example of mosaic evolution. Game (food) Game is any animal hunted for food or not normally domesticated. Small birds, ground game (such as squirrels and rabbits), and big game (such as deer and moose) are usually hunted. Game animals are also hunted for sport. In Britain, "game birds" usually means partridge, grouse, and quail. Today, most countries have game laws. In some countries hunting is a part of well preserved tradition that is kept alive as a part of national identity. Polarity In physics, polarity describes an attribute that can usually have two values: Chemical polarity is a feature of chemical bonds, where two different atoms in the same molecule have different electronegativity. As a result, the electrons in the bond are not shared equally by the two atoms. This causes an asymmetrical (polar) electric field. Molecular covalent bonds can be described as polar or nonpolar. Entire molecules can also be described as polar. Johnny Shines Johnny Shines (April 26, 1915 – April 20, 1992) was an American blues singer and guitarist. Life. He was called John Ned Shines when he was born, in Frayser, Tennessee. He spent most of his childhood in Memphis playing slide guitar for money on the streets. He listened to and was inspired by Blind Lemon Jefferson and Howlin’ Wolf, but he was taught to play the guitar by his mother. Shines moved to Hughes, Arkansas in 1932 and worked on farms for three years. "First time I came to Helena was 1932, I think it was. That's the time I met Robert the first time." When he met Robert Johnson, his greatest influence, that gave him inspiration to return to music. In 1935, Shines began playing with Johnson around the south and heading as far north as Ontario where they appeared on a local radio program. The two split up in 1937, one year before Johnson died. "He (Johnson) was alright to travel with, he was a good companion to travel with, 'cos he talked a lot and I didn't." Shines played more in the U.S. South until 1941 when he decided to go back to Canada and then to Africa. He never made it past Chicago. In Chicago, Shines found work in the construction trade and continued to play in bars. He made his first recording in 1946 for Columbia Records, but the music was never released. He later recorded for Chess was still the music was never released. He kept playing with blues musicians in the Chicago area for several more years. In 1952, Shines recorded for J.O.B. Records record label. The recordings were a failure and Shines sold his guitar and went back to construction. In 1966, Vanguard Records found Shines taking photographs in a Chicago blues club and had him record tracks for the third installment of "Chicago/The Blues/Today!" The album has since then become a blues classic. Shines played with the Chicago All Stars and Lee Jackson, Big Walter Horton and Willie Dixon. In the late 1960s and 1970s, Shines played with Robert Johnson's stepson, Robert Lockwood, Jr.. In 1980, Shines stopped played after he suffered a stroke. He managed to release one last album, "Back To The Country". In 1989, Shines met a young, blues player called Kent Duchaine, and the two of them played together for the next several years until Shines died. Shines died on April 20, 1992, in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. He was put into the Blues Hall of Fame later the same year. Oklahoma State University Oklahoma State University is a public university in Stillwater, Oklahoma. Sports. Oklahoma State's men's athletic teams are called the Cowboys. The women's athletic teams are called the Cowgirls. Oklahoma State has 16 varsity teams. They compete in the Big 12 Conference. Mexico, Illinois Mexico (formerly, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Cabbegeville) is an unincorporated community, in Cook County, Illinois. It lies at an elevation of 597 feet (182 m). Oregon Trail People traveled on the Oregon Trail in wagons in order to settle new parts of the United States of America during the 19th century. The Oregon Trail started in Missouri near the area where Kansas City, Missouri is today and ended in the Willamette Valley in Oregon. The Trail was about 2,170 miles (3,500 km) long, and could take up to six months to travel. People went to Oregon for many reasons. Some people wanted land. Some thought Oregon would be a better place to live. Most of them went because they wanted a new life. The Oregon Trail was first traveled around 1841. Once a railroad was built across the United States in 1869, people could take trains to the western United States, so fewer people began to travel west in wagons. By that time, about 400,000 people had crossed the Oregon Trail in wagons. However, some people kept traveling the Trail until the 1880s. Preparing to travel. Nobody traveled the Oregon Trail alone. Instead, travelers formed groups so they could help and protect each other. Often, relatives or people from the same town would travel together. They would hire a guide that knew the Trail and would elect leaders. The groups that did best on the Trail wrote constitutions or rules that they could use to settle disagreements or problems on the Trail. Supplies. Animals. People who traveled the Oregon Trail could use three types of animals to pull their wagons: oxen, mules, or horses. Most people used oxen. They were less expensive than horses and mules, and also less stubborn than mules.pp. 79–80 They could eat grass along the Trail, unlike horses, who needed grains when they were working. Oxen were easy to train, and they usually traveled at a steady pace of 2 miles per hour, even in mud and snow.pp. 79–80 Food. It was very important for travelers to carry enough food and water for the trip. However, food for the trip was expensive. To feed four people for six months, food would cost about $150 - over $4,500 in today's dollars.p. 274 Travelers often brought along a lot of dried meat and "bread stuff" (like flour, crackers, and hardtack). Boiling water was difficult on the Trail, so cooking was not always possible. Some travelers also brought other foods, like rice, peas, dried beans, or dried fruit. Along the Trail, travelers could fish and hunt for food. Bison, antelope, and deer were the best animals to hunt for food. Travelers also ate berries that grew along the Trail, partly to help prevent scurvy. Wagons. Most travelers used covered wagons to travel the Trail. There were a few different styles of covered wagons. One common style, called the "Independence-style" wagon, was usually about 11 feet long, four feet wide, and two feet deep. Pieces of wood held up a cover, made of something like dried ox skin, that rose about five feet above the bottom of the wagon. Dangers. There were many dangers along the Oregon Trail, including disease, bad weather, drowning during river crossings, attacks by Native Americans, and many others. It is difficult to know how many people died along the Oregon Trail. Many travelers would bury their dead in unmarked graves and would disguise the graves. For example, they would bury people right in the middle of a trail and then have their oxen run over the graves. They did this so that animals and robbers would not dig up the graves. Because of this, historians can only estimate the total number of people who died along the Oregon Trail. Diseases. Disease was the most common cause of death on the Trail. While travelers usually brought some medicines with them, they usually were not very helpful. Cholera. Cholera was the most common illness and cause of death on the Trail. From 1849-1855, there was a cholera epidemic along the trail. Up to 3% of all travelers during this time may have died from cholera. One of the causes of the epidemic was that there was no sanitation along the Trail. For example, travelers liked to camp along the Platte River in Colorado, so they could easily get fresh water. However, as thousands of travelers used the same campsites over and over again, sewage from travelers with cholera got into the Platte River. After this, any traveler that drank water from the Platte River, or made food with that water, could get cholera. Often, cholera's symptoms would be so bad that travelers would die within 12 hours of getting sick. Other diseases. Other diseases common on the Trail included: The travelers used turpentine (a poison), vinegar, and whiskey to treat headaches, muscle pain, and coughs. Historians do not agree on how many people died from disease along the Trail. One historian, John Unruh, estimates that 6,000 to 12,500 travelers died from disease on the Trail, and another 300-500 died specifically from scurvy. However, the United States National Park Service says that as many as 30,000 people may have died from disease along the Trail. Other dangers. There were many other dangers along the Trail. John Unruh estimates the number of people who died from these other dangers: Unruh estimates that 4 percent of the Oregon Trail travelers died: 16,000 out of 400,000 total travelers. However, the National Park Service says: "The Oregon Trail is this nation’s longest graveyard. Nearly one in ten [travelers] who set off on the trail did not survive." Life on the Trail. A usual day on the Trail started very early, just before dawn. Nobody actually rode in the wagons unless they were sick or very young. The ride was too bumpy, too dusty, and added too much work for the oxen. Instead, people walked beside their wagons. Usually, groups traveled almost all day, except for an hour around noon for lunch. Then they kept moving until just before sunset, when they would stop to set up a campsite. Most groups traveled about 15 miles per day, though on the best days they could move 20 miles a day. Since oxen moved at about 2 miles per hour, this meant a day's travel could last up to ten hours. About 40,000 of the travelers were children. Unless they were babies, they walked alongside the wagons and worked just like adults. Their jobs included herding animals, driving wagons, washing dishes, helping with meals, watching younger children, and collecting firewood and "buffalo chips" (dry buffalo manure, which could be used to start fires if there was no firewood). At night, the group would move the wagons into a circle ("circle the wagons") and put their animals inside the circle. This kept them from wandering away, or being killed or stolen. If the weather was dry, people slept outside. If it was wet, people slept under their wagons. Many travelers were very afraid of attacks from Native Americans. However, most Native Americans left the travelers alone, or even helped them by trading with them and helping them cross rivers in canoes. When Native Americans did attack travelers, the stories were told over and over again, which may have made attacks seem more common than they actually were. Travelers who did reach Oregon looked back on the Trail with different feelings. One man named Loren Hastings said in 1847: "I look back upon the long, dangerous and precarious emigrant road with a degree of romance and pleasure; but to others it is the graveyard of their friends." Computer game. In the 1970s, three student teachers in Minnesota made an educational computer game based on the Oregon Trail. The goal of the game was to successfully travel the trail from Independence, Missouri to Oregon City, Oregon. Dangers of the trail included river crossings, illnesses, sick oxen, and hunger. Over the next two decades, new versions of the game were made that added more options and included better graphics. The second version included zombies and oxen. The goal was to survive as long as you can before you die. Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation was an order by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln to free slaves in 10 states. It applied to slaves in the states still in rebellion in 1863 during the American Civil War. It did not actually immediately free all slaves in those states, because those areas were still controlled by the Confederacy, or those slaves in the slave states that fought for the Union, as Lincoln did not have authority to free slaves in those states. It did, however, free at least 20,000 slaves immediately, and nearly all 4 million slaves (according to the 1860 United States census) as the Union army advanced into Confederate states. Until the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1865, only the states had power to end slavery within their own borders. Thus, Lincoln issued the Proclamation as a war measure in his role as commander-in-chief. The Proclamation made emancipation a goal of the Civil War. It also weakened efforts within England and France to officially recognize the Confederacy. As Union troops advanced into Rebel (Confederate) territory, they freed thousands of slaves per day. Many did not wait, but fled their owners to claim their freedom. Five slave states (the Border States) had remained loyal to the Union and were not at war with the federal government. The Proclamation also did not apply to Tennessee, nor to areas within Virginia and Louisiana which Union forces already controlled. The Proclamation. The Proclamation was issued in two parts. On September 22, 1862, Lincoln said that in 100 days, he would free all slaves in areas not then under Union control. On January 1, 1863, he named the ten states in which the proclamation would then apply: Texas, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Virginia, Florida, and Louisiana. The five border states where slavery was still legal were exempt, and so not named, because they had remained loyal to the Union and were not in rebellion. Tennessee also was not named because Union forces had already regained control there. Several counties of Virginia that were in the process of separating from that state to form the new state of West Virginia were specifically named as exemptions, as were several parishes around New Orleans in Louisiana. The next paragraph is part of a quote from the Emancipation Proclamation. Only a small number of slaves already behind Union lines were immediately freed. As Union forces advanced, nearly all four million slaves were effectively freed. Some former slaves joined the Union army. Before the war was over, some of the exempted border states ended slavery within their own borders. While the Proclamation had freed slaves, it had not made slavery illegal. Thus, Lincoln sponsored a constitutional amendment to ban slavery. The Thirteenth Amendment, which made slavery illegal everywhere in the United States, was passed late in 1865, eight months after Lincoln was killed. Brooklyn Bridge The Brooklyn Bridge is one of the oldest suspension bridges in the United States. It is long. The bridge goes over the East River. It connects the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn. It is one of the leading landmarks of New York City. The bridge was built from 1869 to 1883. It was the first fixed crossing of the East River. It was designed by John Roebling. The construction was directed by his son Washington Roebling and Washington's wife, Emily. When it was finished, it was the tallest structure in North America. The bridge is an official landmark. It has been a National Historic Landmark since 1964. It became a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1972. References. Notes Shelf life Shelf life is length of time that food can be stored safely. Food cannot be kept forever. After a certain time it will go bad. After this time it is no longer safe to eat it. Shelf life is also used for drugs, drinks and other things that can go bad. In some countries, a "best before", "use by" or "freshness date" must be put on packaged foods. During this time, if the food is kept under proper conditions the quality of the food does not change. Frozen food that does not remain frozen will go bad earlier, for example. Most of these labels do not guarantee the safety of food. They should only be used as a guide. Shelf life. Shelf life is different from "expiration date". Shelf life is linked to food quality, expiration date to food safety. A product that has passed its shelf life might still be safe, but quality is no longer guaranteed. In most food stores, shelf life is controlled by using stock rotation. This means moving products with the earliest sell by date to the front of the shelf, so that most shoppers will pick them up first and take them out of the store. This is important, as stores can be fined for selling out of date products. Most shops, if not all, will have to mark such products down as wasted, leading to a loss of profit. Shelf life is can be changed by many things: exposure to light and heat, transmission of gases (including humidity), mechanical stresses, and contamination by things such as micro-organisms. Mathematically, product quality is often modelled using only one parameter, for example the concetration of a chemical substance, a microbiological index, or a physical parameter. Sometimes, the parameter picked is irrelevant. The shelf life is an important factor to health. Bacteria are everywhere, and foods left unused too long will often get large amounts of bacterial living in them. It may be dangerous to eat them and lead to food poisoning. The shelf life itself cannot always be trusted to tell how safe it is to eat a certain item of food. For example, pasteurized milk can remain fresh for five days after its sell-by date if it is refrigerated properly. In contrast, if milk already has harmful bacteria, the use-by dates do not matter. For drugs the situation is different. If drugs are used within the expiration date, the manufacturer guarantees that they work as expected. After that date, they may still work, but only to a lesser extent. A rare exception is a case of renal tubular damage said to have been caused by out of date tetracycline. A study done by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration covered over 100 drugs, prescription and over-the-counter. The results showed that about 90% of them were safe and effective as far as 15 years past their expiration date. Joel Davis, a former FDA expiration-date compliance chief, said that with a handful of exceptions - notably nitroglycerin, insulin and some liquid antibiotics - most expired drugs are probably effective. Preservatives and antioxidants may be put into some food and drug products to make their shelf life longer. Some companies use induction sealing and vacuum pouches to add to the shelf life of their products. Some degradation factors can be controlled by provisions in the ed packaging. For example, the amber bottle used for many beers blocks damaging wavelengths of light. Transparent beer bottles do not. Packaging with barrier materials (e.g., (low moisture vapor transmission rate, etc.) extends the shelf life of some foods and pharmaceuticals. Temperature control. Nearly all chemical reactions will occur (at various rates depending on the individual nature of the reaction) at common temperatures. Examples are the breakdown of many chemical explosives into more unstable compounds. Nitroglycerine is notorious. Old explosives are thus more dangerous (i.e., liable to be triggered to explode by very small disturbances, even trivial jiggling) than more recently manufactured explosives. Rubber products also degrade as sulphur bonds induced during vulcanization revert; this is why old rubber bands and other rubber products soften and get sticky as they age. These breakdown processes usually happen more quickly at higher temperatures. The usually quoted rule of thumb is that chemical reactions double their rate for each temperature increase of 10 Celsius degrees (C°) because of activation energy barriers become more easily surmounted at higher temperatures. However, as with all rules of thumb, there are many caveats and assumptions. This particular one is most applicable to reactions with activation energy values around 50 kJ/mole; many of these are important at the usual temperatures we encounter. It is often applied in shelf life estimation, sometimes wrongly. There is a widespread impression. for instance in industry, that "triple time" can be simulated in practice by increasing the temperature by 15 C°, e.g. storing a product for one month at 35 °C simulates three months at 20 °C. There is enough variation that this practical rule cannot be routinely relied upon . The same is true, to a point, of the chemical reactions of life. They are usually enzymatically catalyzed which changes reaction rates, but with constant catalytic action, the rule of thumb is still mostly applicable. In the particular case of bacteria and fungi, the reactions needed to feed and reproduce increase at higher temperatures, up to the point that the proteins and other compounds in their cells themselves begin to breakdown, or denature, so quickly that they cannot be replaced. This is the reason high temperatures kill bacteria and other micro organisms; 'tissue' breakdown reactions reach such rates that they cannot be compensated for and the cell dies. On the other hand, 'elevated' temperatures short of these result in increased growth and reproduction; if the organism is harmful, perhaps to dangerous levels. Just as temperature increase speeds up reactions, temperature decreases reduce them. Therefore, to make explosives stable for longer periods, or to keep rubber bands springy, or to force bacteria to slow down their growth, they can be cooled. This is the reason shelf life is generally extended by temperature control: (refrigeration, insulated shipping containers, controlled cold chain, etc.) and the reason some medicines and foods "must" be refrigerated. Best before. "Best before" is sometimes put on food and drink wrappers, followed by a date. It shows the date before which the supplier intended the food should be consumed. The term "best before" is also used to show the date by which the item will have outlived its shelf life, and is intended to ensure that customers will not unwittingly purchase or eat stale food. Sometimes the packaging process involves using pre-printed labels, making it impractical to write the "best before" date in a clearly visible location. In this case, a term like "best before see bottom" or "best before see lid" might be printed on the label and the date marked in a different location as indicated. "Best Before" is usually advisory and refers to the quality of the product, in contrast with "Use By" which indicates that the product is no longer safe to eat after the specified date. Use by. Generally, foods that have a "use by" date written on the packaging must not be eaten after it has expired. This is because such foods usually go bad quickly and may be dangerous to eat. It is also important to follow storage instructions carefully for these foods (for example, product must be refrigerated). Foods that have a "best before" date are usually safe to eat after the date has passed, although they are likely to have deteriorated either in flavour, texture, appearance or nutrition. Bathroom products/toiletries usually state a time in months by which, once the product is opened, they should be used. This is often indicated by a graphic of an open tub, with the number of months written inside (e.g., "12M" means use the product within 12 months of opening). Open dating. "Open Dating" is the use of a date or code stamped on the package of a food product to help determine how long to display the product for sale. It is also helpful to the customer and ensures that the product is at its best quality when bought. An Open Date does not supersede a Use by date, which should still be followed. Sell by / Display until. These dates are meant to help keep track of the stock in stores. Food that has passed its "sell by" or "display until" date, but is still within its use by / best before can still be eaten, if it has been stored correctly. It is common practice in large stores to throw away such food, as it makes the stock control process easier. It also reduces the risk of customers buying food without looking at the date, only to find out the next day that they cannot use it. Changing the posted date is illegal in many countries. Most stores will rotate stock by moving the products with the earliest dates to the front of shelving units, which allows them to be sold first and saving them from having to be either marked down or thrown away, both of which contribute to a loss of profit. Mark-downs. It is also common for food approaching the use by date to be marked down for quick sale, with greater reductions the closer to the use by date it gets. Software Shelf Life. In a metaphorical sense, much software also has a shelf life. Most software products are released to market with defects, xecurity vulnerabilities, and design flaws. Over time, some of these are discovered and patches issued by the vendor (and possibly others, as in the open source environment) which fix bugs and add functionality. The result is that, after some time, the software application is rather different than it was at first release, even with the same version level. Since correct inclusion of patches at end user sites is spotty, the actual population of that software application in the field is quite varied; some will have patches 1 and 2, others 1, 2, and 3, some others none, in all possible variations. This increases support difficulty. There have been a few attempts to address this. One commercial attempt is from Preemptive. US Government Guidelines. The Food & Drug Administration, which controls packaged foods and drugs, only requires a use-by, or expiration, date on infant formula and some baby foods. That's because formula must contain a certain quantity of each nutrient that is described on the label. And if formula is stored too long, it loses its nutritional quality. It also separates or form lumps that will clog the bottle nipple. Except for infant formula and some baby foods, product dating is not required by federal regulations. The Agriculture Dept., which controls fresh produce and meats, only requires labeling of the date when poultry is packed at the farm. However, many manufacturers are allowed to also add sell-by or use-by dates. Example. Beer freshness date. A "freshness date" is the date used in the American brewing industry to indicate either the date the beer was bottled or the date before which the beer should be consumed. Beer is does not keep forever. It can be affected by light, air, or the action of bacteria. Although beer in the USA does not have to have a shelf life, freshness dates serve much the same purpose and are a marketing tool. Beginnings of freshness dating. The Boston Beer Company, maker of Samuel Adams, was among the first to start adding freshness dates to their product line in 1985. For ten years there was a slow growth in brewers adding freshness dates to their beer. The practice rapidly grew in popularity after the Anheuser-Busch company's heavily marketed "Born-On dates" starting in 1996. Many other brewers have started adding freshness dates to their products, but there is no standard for what the date means. For some companies, the date on the bottle or can will be the date that the beer was bottled; others have the date by which the beer should be consumed. Beer processing. Before a beer is bottled, it is processed to make its shelf life longer. This can change the beer's freshness date. It may be done in several ways, not all of which will be used by a particular brewery: Red card A red card in sport is a punishment to a player of a team. It is usually given to a player who has broken the rules of the game. In football (soccer). In football rules, a red card means that the player is sent off the field, and is not allowed to play in the rest of the match. A player with a red card is automatically banned from his team's next game. In some cases, the player may be banned for multiple games. WWE Women's Championship (1956–2010) The World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) Women's Championship was an official championship in World Wrestling Entertainment fought for by divas. The title was unified with the WWE Diva's Championship. History. The WWE Women's Championship has descended from the National Wrestling Alliance World Women's Championship when The Fabulous Moolah became champion and held the title close to 30 years. The Title became inactive in 1990 when Rockin' Robin Vacated the Title after departing from the WWF. In 1993 Alundra Blayze won the Title after Winning a Tournament. However the Title became Inactive after Alundra Blayze dropped the Title into a Garbage Can live on WCW Monday Nitro this incident forced her to give up the title. The WWE Women's Championship was then reactivated in September 1998 when Jacqueline Moore won a match against Sable. Currently Michelle McCool, Mickie James, Melina Perez and Beth Phoenix are the only divas in the history of the WWE to hold both the WWE Women's Championship and WWE Divas Championship. Final champion. The final champion was Layla El who defeated Beth Phoenix in a two-on-one handicap match with Michelle McCool on Smackdown and McCool self-proclaimed herself as the co-Women's Champion. The title was unified with the WWE Diva's Championship on September 19, 2010 and retired. References. Notes KWord KWord is a free word processor, a part of the KOffice project and of the K Desktop Environment. The text-layout scheme in KWord is based on frames, making it look like Adobe FrameMaker. These can be placed anywhere on the page, and can include text, graphics and embedded objects. Each new page is a new frame, but the text is able to flow through KWord’s ability to link frames together. The use of frames means that complex graphical layouts can be achieved easily in KWord. History. KWord was created as part of the KOffice project in 1998 using some ideas from FrameMaker such as the frames approach. The first author said that the application and its code were not the best since it was his first object-oriented application. In 2000 the KWord application was created in a way that made it very hard to fix problems and nobody was working on the problems anymore. There had not been any official release of the application in all this time. In the same year a new maintainer started working on the application and over the duration of 2000 and the beginning of 2001 they worked to fix any problems in the code of the application. 1964–65 NHL season The 1964–65 NHL season was the 48th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games. Jean Beliveau was the winner of the newly introduced Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player during the playoffs. The Montreal Canadiens won their first Stanley Cup since 1960 as they were victorious over the Chicago Black Hawks in a seven-game final series. Regular season. Final standings. "Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes" Scoring leaders. "Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes" Stanley Cup playoffs. For the third straight playoffs, it was Montreal vs. Toronto and Detroit vs. Chicago in the first round. The Canadiens came beat the Leafs in six games, while the Hawks beat the Wings in seven. Nation of Islam The Nation of Islam is a religious group. It was founded in Detroit, Michigan, in 1930 by Master Fard Muhammad. The main goal of the Nation of Islam is to bring back the spiritual, mental, social and economic condition of blacks in the United States. Since 1981, the group has been led by Louis Farrakhan. Malcolm X also was a member. Basis. The current headquarters for the Nation of Islam is in Chicago, Illinois. The Nation of Islam is currently lead by the Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan through the teachings of the Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad. Elijah Muhammad meet Master Farad Muhammad and was directly given lost knowledge to rebuild the children of slavery and bring them back to their original selves. Main belief. The main belief of The Nation of Islam is that there is no God but Allah. They say that "Allah" “came in the person of W. D. Fard", who founded the Nation of Islam. Their type of Islam is different from Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims. Their teachings under Islamic standards do not allow making any person divine, or treating God as human. The flag. The flag of the Nation of Islam has the symbols of the sun, moon, and the stars. It represents the universe. It is also a banner of universal peace and harmony. World Tag Team Championship (WWE) The World Tag Team Championship is a professional wrestling tag team championship in World Wrestling Entertainment. It is the original world tag team title of WWE. Currently, it is exclusive to the Raw brand and is with the WWE Tag Team Championship to make up the Unified WWE Tag Team Championship. History. The championship was first introduced into the then "World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF)" in 1971. Following its introduction into the WWF Luke Graham and Tarzan Tyler became the first "WWWF Tag Team Champions" on June 3. In 1979 the title became known as the "World Wrestling Federation (WWF) Tag Team Championship" when the promotion renamed itself World Wrestling Federation In 2001 at the Survivor Series Pay-per-view during the Invasion Storyline The Hardy Boyz, Matt Hardy and Jeff Hardy who were the current "World Tag Team Champions" and were competing for the "World Wrestling Federation" took on The Dudley Boys, Bubba Ray Dudley and D-Von Dudley who were the current WCW World Tag Team Champions and were competing for "The Alliance" in a title unification match inside a Steel Cage, The Dudley Boys defeated The Hardy Boyz and were named the last WCW Tag Team Champions while also becoming the "WWF Tag Team Champions" After the WWF/WWE name change in 2002, the championship was referred to as the "World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) Tag Team Championship". After a period where the championship was to be freely defended on either WWE Monday Night Raw or WWE Thursday Night Smackdown the championship became exclusive to the Raw Brand. The current General Manager at this time Stephanie McMahon created new WWE Tag Team Titles which were to be exclusive to the Smackdown Brand. WrestleMania III WrestleMania III was the third yearly WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view event made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). The event was held on March 29, 1987 at the Pontiac Silverdome in Pontiac, Michigan. The event is particularly notable for the record attendance of 93,173, the largest recorded attendance for a live indoor sporting event in North America. Though differing numbers have been argued, the event is considered to be the pinnacle of the 1980s wrestling boom. Almost one million fans watched the event at 160 closed circuit locations in North America. The number of people watching via pay-per-view was estimated at several million, and pay-per-view revenues were estimated at $10 million. WrestleMania 2 WrestleMania 2 was the second annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (although the first WrestleMania was only on pay-per-view in select areas). It took place on April 7, 1986 at three venues: the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Uniondale, New York, the Rosemont Horizon in Rosemont, Illinois, and the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena in Los Angeles, California. Arthur Mutambara Arthur Guseni Oliver Mutambara (born 25 May 1966) is a Zimbabwean politician. He became the President of a faction of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) in February 2006. He has worked as the Managing Director and CEO of Africa Technology and Business Institute since September 2003. Kill 'Em All Kill 'Em All is thrash metal band Metallica's first album. It was released on July 29, 1983. It has sold over three million copies in the United States. When it was released most of the reviews were good. Two singles were released from the album, "Whiplash" and "Jump in the Fire". The album was going to be called "Metal Up Your Ass". However, the record label did not want this. The bass player, Cliff Burton said about the record label, "why don't we just kill 'em all?" Then the band decided to use "Kill 'em All" as the album's name. Lucy Lawless Lucille Frances Ryan (born 29 March 1968) is a New Zealand actress. When she was twenty years old, she got her first acting job in the TV program "Funny Business". In 1995, she starred in her first television series, "", becoming in an international star in this role. Lawless is also known for her role as "D'anna Biers" in the TV series "Battlestar Galactica" between 2005 and 2008. During a break in 1997 between filming seasons on Xena, Lawless made her onstage debut singing songs on Broadway as Rizzo in the remake of the musical play Grease. Since her role as Xena, Lawless has pursued a new career in singing after being a contestant on "Celebrity Duets". She sang at the Roxy in Hollywood in 2007, and has since performed regularly in concerts and released several CDs. She has a contralto singing range. Early life. She was born in Auckland on 29 March 1968. Lawless' mother, Julie, was teacher, and her father, Frank, was mayor. She has 6 brothers. She had bulimia and Depression. Lawless began acting in secondary school, attending Marist College, New Zealand, in Mount Albert. She studied foreign languages at Auckland University for a year before dropping out and leaving for Europe with her boyfriend, Garth Lawless, to travel to Germany and Switzerland. The couple then moved to Australia, where she worked briefly as a gold miner. Career. Lawless wanted to act since she was five. She took her first acting class at the school. Lawless starred various national television commercials when she was a child. One of these was for McDonald's. She played an Amazon in the TV movie "Hercules and the Amazon Women", in 1994, and Lisya in his Spin-off, the TV series "" em 1995. In the same year, she plays Xena in three episodes, returning later. In September, Xena won her own series, "", Lawless was the star in the program during 6 years. Lawless first appeared on Broadway in September 1997 in the "Grease play remake", as the "bad girl" Rizzo character. She applied to play the squeaky-clean naive blond girl Sandra Dee, but she claimed the producers after Xena had typed her to playing only "bad girls." She said the Sandy character was very similar to her sheltered childhood, growing up in New Zealand with many protective older brothers. Lawless has since appeared onstage in the "Vagina Monologues" and as a television guest star in episodes of The Simpsons, The X-Files, Just Shoot Me!, Veronica Mars, Burn Notice, and Curb Your Enthusiasm. She was also featured in the short-lived television series Tarzan. Lawless has made cameo appearances in the movies EuroTrip, Spider-Man and Boogeyman. She returned to television in the TV movie Locusts! and its sequel Vampire Bats. From 2005 to 2008, Lawless has had a recurring role in the television series Battlestar Galactica. She portrays D'Anna Biers, a reporter with the "Fleet News Service" who works on a critical documentary about the crew of the Galactica and is later revealed to be a Cylon. Public image. In 1997, Lawless was named one of the "50 Most Beautiful People in the World" by "People" magazine. Days earlier on 6 May 1997, Lawless inadvertently exposed a breast as she concluded a performance of the US national anthem at an NHL hockey game in Anaheim, California between the Mighty Ducks and Detroit Red Wings. Lawless was quoted in Newsweek as saying: Lawless has enjoyed a particular cult status in the lesbian community. Some of the lesbian fan base sees Lawless as a lesbian icon. A group called The Marching Xenas has participated in many gay and lesbian pride parades. Some fans felt that the sexual nature of Xena and the character Gabrielle's relationship was cemented by an interview given by Lucy Lawless to "Lesbian News" magazine in 2003. Lawless stated that after the series finale, where Gabrielle revives Xena with a mouth-to-mouth water transfer filmed to look like a full kiss, she had come to believe that Xena and Gabrielle's relationship was "definitely gay... there was always a 'well, she might be or she might not be' but when there was that drip of water passing between their lips in the very final scene, that cemented it for me". Costume donation. In 2006, Lucy Lawless donated her personal Xena costume to the Museum of American History. In an interview the same year with "Smithsonian" magazine, she was asked the question "Was the Warrior Princess outfit comfortable?" and she responded: Personal life. At the age of nineteen, Lawless became pregnant with Garth's child. In 1988, they married in Kalgoorlie, Australia. They returned to New Zealand and had a daughter, Daisy Lawless (born 15 July 1988), who also attended Marist College, New Zealand. The couple divorced in 1995. Lawless married "Xena" executive producer Robert Tapert on 28 March 1998. Lawless and Tapert have two sons: Julius Robert Bay Tapert (born 16 October 1999) and Judah Miro Tapert (born 7 May 2002), both born in Auckland. Movies. The following table shows all the movies she has been in, the role she played and when the movie was released Raccoon (disambiguation) A raccoon (sometimes racoon) is a mammal native to the Americas. Raccoon may also mean: North York North York may mean: Red Army Faction The Red Army Faction or RAF (German "Rote Armee Fraktion"), was one of postwar West Germany's most active and prominent militant left-wing groups. It described itself as a communist "urban guerrilla" group engaged in armed resistance, while it was described by the West German government as a terrorist group. The RAF was formally founded in 1970 by Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, Horst Mahler, Ulrike Meinhof, Irmgard Möller and others. The Red Army Faction operated from the 1970s to 1993, committing numerous crimes, especially in the autumn of 1977, which led to a national crisis that became known as "German Autumn". It was responsible for 34 deaths including many secondary targets such as chauffeurs and bodyguards—and many injuries in its almost 30 years of existence. It ceased activities in 1993 and disbanded in 1998. Large Hadron Collider The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's biggest and most powerful particle accelerator. It was built by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). It is a giant circular tunnel built underground. The tunnel is 17 miles (27 kilometers) long, and between 50 and 175 meters below the ground. It lies beneath the border of Switzerland and France. 10,000 scientists and engineers from over 100 different countries worked together in the making of this project, and it cost 10.4 billion Swiss francs ($10 billion) to build. It is now the largest and most complicated experimental research facility in the world. As its name states, the research at the LHC involves the collision of hadrons. A hadron is a particle which consists of a number of quarks held together by the subatomic strong force. Protons and neutrons are examples of a hadron. The LHC primarily uses the collision of protons in its experiments. Protons are parts of atoms with a positive charge. The LHC accelerates these protons through the tunnel until they reach nearly the speed of light. Different protons are directed through the tunnel in opposite directions. When they collide, they create conditions similar to the early universe. The LHC attempts to study elementary particles and the ways they interact. Researchers have used it to learn about quantum physics, and they hope to learn much more about the structure of space and time. The observations researchers are able to make can help us learn what the universe might have been like within milliseconds after the big bang. How it works. The LHC ionizes Hydrogen atoms to get their protons. A Hydrogen atom consists of only one proton and one electron. When they ionize the atoms, they are removing the one electron to give it a net positive charge. The Hydrogen protons are then directed through the circle by electromagnets. In order for the magnets to be strong enough, it must be very cold. The inside of the tunnel is cooled by liquid helium. They keep the temperature at just above absolute zero. The protons hit one another at close to the speed of light and this creates lots of particles, many of which only live a short time before decaying to lighter particles. At the four collision sites, there are large detectors called ALICE, ATLAS, CMS and LHCb. When the particles hit each other, their energy is converted into many different particles, and sensitive detectors keep track of the pieces that are created. By looking carefully at the detector data, scientists can study what the particles are made of and how the particles interact. This is the only way to detect some particles because very high energy is needed to create them. The LHC's particle collisions have the energy needed. The LHC has three main parts to it. There is the particle accelerator, the four detectors, and the Grid. The accelerator creates the collision, but the results cannot be directly observed. The detectors turn it into usable data and send it to the Grid. The Grid is a computer network that the researchers use to interpret the data. There are 170 locations in 36 different countries which are filled with regular desktop computers. All of these computers are connected, and together they act as a supercomputer. The LHC's Grid is considered the most powerful supercomputer ever built. The computers share processing power and data storage space. The Grid is very powerful, but it is only able to take in about one percent of the data it receives from the detectors. Its limitations have motivated attempts at creating quantum computers, which could use what the LHC has taught us about quantum mechanics in order to make faster computers. Scientists used the LHC to find the Higgs boson, a particle predicted to exist by the Standard Model. Some people thought the LHC could create a black hole, which would be very dangerous. There are two reasons not to be worried. The first is that the LHC didn't do anything that the cosmic rays that hit the Earth every day don't do, and these rays do not create black holes. The second reason is that even if the LHC did make black holes, they would be very tiny. The smaller a black hole is, the shorter its life. Very tiny black holes would evaporate before they could hurt people. The LHC was first used on September 10, 2008, but it did not work because a cooling system broke. The magnets that help to move the charged particles must be cold. The failure caused part of the facility to collapse. The lab shut down for the winter and the collider was not used again until November 2009. While it was being repaired, scientists used the Tevatron to look for the Higgs Boson. When the LHC was restarted in November 2009, it set a new speed record by accelerating protons to 1.18 TeV (teraelectronvolt, or trillion electronvolt). On March 30 2010, the LHC created a collision at 3.5 TeV. S.M.A.R.T. Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology, or S.M.A.R.T. is a system to watch computer hard disks to help stop the risk of failures. It does this by watching reliability of the hard disks to try and see when a failure might happen and where. Background. Hard drive failures fall into two categories: Predictable failures can be detected by certain monitoring devices. This is like a thermometer in a vehicle that can alert the driver to do something before serious damage occurs, for example because the engine is too hot. About 60% of all drive failures are caused by failing mechanics. Most mechanical failures result from gradual wear. An eventual failure may be catastrophic. Before complete failure occurs, there are usually certain signs that failure is imminent. These may include increased heat output, a more noisy drive, problems with reading or writing data and a big increase in the number of damaged disk sectors. The purpose of S.M.A.R.T. is to warn a user or system administrator that a drive is about to fail. At the time of the warning, there is usually still time to do certain things to prevent data loss, for example copying the data to a different drive. Approximately 30% of failures can be predicted by S.M.A.R.T. Work at Google on over 100,000 drives has shown little overall predictive value of S.M.A.R.T. status as a whole. The study suggests that certain sub-categories of information which some S.M.A.R.T. implementations track "do" correlate with actual failure rates. In the 60 days after the first scan error on a drive, the drive is 39 times more likely to fail on average than it would have been had no such error occurred. Also, first errors in reallocations, offline reallocations and probational counts are strongly correlated to higher probabilities of failure. PCTechGuide's page on S.M.A.R.T. commented in 2003 that the technology had gone through three phases: History and predecessors. The industry's first hard disk monitoring technology was introduced by IBM in 1992 in their IBM 9337 Disk Arrays for AS/400 servers using IBM 0662 SCSI-2 disk drives. Later it was named Predictive Failure Analysis (PFA) technology. It was measuring several key device health parameters and evaluating them within the drive firmware. Communications between the physical unit and the monitoring software were limited to a binary result – namely, either "device is OK" or "drive is likely to fail soon". Later, another variant, which was named IntelliSafe, was created by computer manufacturer Compaq and disk drive manufacturers Seagate, Quantum, and Conner. The disk drives would measure the disk’s "health parameters", and the values would be transferred to the operating system and user-space monitoring software. Each disk drive vendor was free to decide which parameters were to be included for monitoring, and what their thresholds should be. The unification was at the protocol level with the host. Compaq submitted their implementation to Small Form Committee for standardization in early 1995. It was supported by IBM, by Compaq's development partners Seagate, Quantum, and Conner, and by Western Digital, who did not have a failure prediction system at the time. The Committee chose IntelliSafe's approach, as it provided more flexibility. The resulting jointly developed standard was named S.M.A.R.T. SMART Information. The technical documentation for SMART is in the AT Attachment (ATA) standard. The most basic information that SMART provides is the SMART status. It provides only two values: "threshold not exceeded" and "threshold exceeded". Often these are represented as "drive OK" or "drive fail" respectively. A "threshold exceeded" value is intended to indicate that there is a relatively high probability that the drive will not be able to honour its specification in the future – that is, the drive is "about to fail". The predicted failure may be catastrophic or may be something as subtle as the inability to write to certain sectors, or perhaps slower performance than the manufacturer's declared minimum. The SMART status does not necessarily indicate the drive's past or present reliability. If a drive has already failed catastrophically, the SMART status may be inaccessible. Alternatively, if a drive has experienced problems in the past, but the sensors no longer detect such problems, the SMART status may, depending on the manufacturer's programming, suggest that the drive is now sound. The inability to "read" some sectors is not always an indication that a drive is about to fail. One way that unreadable sectors may be created, even when the drive is functioning within specification, is through a sudden power failure while the drive is writing. In order to prevent this problem, modern hard drives will always finish writing at least the current sector immediately after the power fails (typically using rotational energy from the disk). Also, even if the physical disk is damaged at one location, such that a certain sector is unreadable, the disk may be able to use spare space to replace the bad area, so that the sector can be overwritten. More detail on the health of the drive may be obtained by examining the SMART Attributes. SMART Attributes were included in some drafts of the ATA standard, but were removed before the standard became final. The meaning and interpretation of the attributes varies between manufacturers, and are sometimes considered a trade secret for one manufacturer or another. Attributes are further discussed below. Drives with SMART may optionally support a number of 'logs'. The "error log" records information about the most recent errors that the drive has reported back to the host computer. Examining this log may help one to determine whether computer problems are disk-related or caused by something else. A drive supporting SMART may optionally support a number of self-test or maintenance routines, and the results of the tests are kept in the "self-test log". The self-test routines may be used to detect any unreadable sectors on the disk, so that they may be restored from back-up sources (for example, from other disks in a RAID). This helps to reduce the risk of incurring permanent loss of data. Standards and implementation. Many motherboards will display a warning message when a disk drive is approaching failure. Although an industry standard among most major hard drive manufacturers, there are some remaining issues and much proprietary "secret knowledge" held by individual manufacturers as to their specific approach. From a legal perspective, the term "S.M.A.R.T." refers only to a signalling method between internal disk drive electromechanical sensors and the host computer. Hence, a drive may be claimed by its manufacturers to include S.M.A.R.T. support even if it does not include, say, a temperature sensor, which the customer might reasonably expect to be present. Moreover, in the most extreme case, a disk manufacturer could, in theory, produce a drive which includes a sensor for just "one" physical attribute, and then legally advertise the product as "S.M.A.R.T. compatible". Depending on the type of interface being used, some S.M.A.R.T.-enabled motherboards and related software may not communicate with certain S.M.A.R.T.-capable drives. For example, few external drives connected via USB and Firewire correctly send S.M.A.R.T. data over those interfaces. With so many ways to connect a hard drive (SCSI, Fibre Channel, ATA, SATA, SAS, SSA, and so on), it is difficult to predict whether S.M.A.R.T. reports will function correctly in a given system. Even on hard drives and interfaces that support it, S.M.A.R.T. information may not be reported correctly to the computer's operating system. Some disk controllers can duplicate all write operations on a secondary "back-up" drive in real time. This feature is known as "RAID mirroring". However, many programs which are designed to analyze changes in drive behaviour and relay S.M.A.R.T. alerts to the operator do not function properly when a computer system is configured for RAID support. Generally this is because, under normal RAID operational conditions, the computer is not permitted by the RAID subsystem to 'see' (or directly access) individual physical drives, but may access only logical volumes instead. On the Windows platform, many programs designed to monitor and report S.M.A.R.T. information will function only under an administrator account. At present, S.M.A.R.T. is implemented individually by manufacturers, and while some aspects are standardized for compatibility, others are not. ATA S.M.A.R.T. Attributes. Each drive manufacturer defines a set of attributes, and sets threshold values beyond which attributes should not pass under normal operation. Each attribute has a "raw value", whose meaning is entirely up to the drive manufacturer (but often corresponds to counts or a physical unit, such degrees Celsius or seconds), and a normalized value, which ranges from 1 to 253 (with 1 representing the worst case and 253 representing the best). Depending on the manufacturer, a value of 100 or 200 will often be chosen as the "normal" value. Manufacturers that have supported at least one S.M.A.R.T. attribute in various products include: Samsung, Seagate, IBM (Hitachi), Fujitsu, Maxtor, Toshiba, Western Digital and ExcelStor Technology. Threshold Exceeds Condition. Threshold Exceeds Condition (TEC) is a supposed date when a critical drive statistic attribute will reach its threshold value. When Drive Health software reports a "Nearest T.E.C.", it should be regarded as a "Failure date". Prognosis of this date is based on the factor "Speed of attribute change"; how many points each month the value is decreasing/increasing. This factor is calculated automatically at any change of S.M.A.R.T. attributes for each attribute individually. Note that TEC dates are not guarantees; hard drives can and will either last much longer or fail much sooner than the date given by a TEC. Uncomplicated Firewall Uncomplicated Firewall is a firewall for host-based iptables firewall configuration. Graphical interface. A graphical user interface exists, called "GUI for Uncomplicated Firewall" Good Morning (Kanye West song) "Good Morning" is a single on Kanye West's 3rd studio album "Graduation". The song was released in late August 2007 on iTunes. "Good Morning" is the 1st track on the album. It has samples of "Someone Saved My Life Tonight" as sung by Elton John.Additional vocals were provided by Connie Mitchell, Tony "Penafire" Williams, and Jay-Z. Loupfougères Loupfougères is a commune of 368 people (1999). It is in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Louverné Louverné is a commune of 3,538 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Louvigné Louvigné is a commune of 774 people (2007). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Madré Madré is a commune of 356 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Maisoncelles-du-Maine Maisoncelles-du-Maine is a commune of 400 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Marcillé-la-Ville Marcillé-la-Ville is a commune of 740 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Marigné-Peuton Marigné-Peuton is a commune of 487 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Martigné-sur-Mayenne Martigné-sur-Mayenne is a commune of 1,309 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Mée, Mayenne Mée is a commune of 171 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Ménil Ménil is a commune of 785 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Méral Méral is a commune of 913 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Meslay-du-Maine Meslay-du-Maine is a commune of 2,616 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Mézangers Mézangers is a commune of 700 people (3 March 2005). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Montaudin Montaudin is a commune of 914 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Montenay Montenay is a commune of 1,399 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. The name of the place occurred as "Montaniaco" in the ninth century, and as "Monteneio" en 1225. It probably comes from the Latin "Montanus". The area was probably settled in Neolithic times (5000-3000 BC). There is a dolmen and a groove nearby. The groove is called St. Guillaume's stone, and is located about 3km from the village. Montflours Montflours is a commune of 204 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Montigné-le-Brillant Montigné-le-Brillant is a commune of 1,234 people (2007). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Montjean, Mayenne Montjean is a commune of 797 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Montourtier Montourtier is a former commune of 326 people (2009). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2019, the commune was unified with Montsûrs-Saint-Céneré, Deux-Évailles and Saint-Ouën-des-Vallons, and the new municipality took the name of Montsûrs. Montreuil-Poulay Montreuil-Poulay is a commune of 414 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Montsûrs Montsûrs is a commune of 2,020 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged with Saint-Céneré and formed the short-lived commune Montsûrs-Saint-Céneré. Montsûrs-Saint-Céneré was merged with Deux-Évailles, Montourtier and Saint-Ouën-des-Vallons on 1 January 2019, and the new commune took the name of "Montsûrs". Moulay Moulay is a commune of 907 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Neau Neau is a commune of 712 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Neuilly-le-Vendin Neuilly-le-Vendin is a commune of 426 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Niafles Niafles is a commune of 287 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Nuillé-sur-Vicoin Nuillé-sur-Vicoin is a commune of 1,184 people (2007). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Oisseau Oisseau is a commune of 1,101 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Olivet, Mayenne Olivet is a commune of 381 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. Origné Origné is a commune of 278 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. La Pallu La Pallu is a commune of 160 people (1999). It is found in the region Pays de la Loire of the Mayenne department, in the northwest of France. Predictive Failure Analysis Predicive failure analysis is a technology developed by IBM to monitor the likelihood of a hard disk failure. Today, it is part of S.M.A.R.T. Parallel ATA Parallel ATA is a way to connect storage devices, such as Hard disks, solid-state drives, and CD-ROM drives inside personal computers. The standard is maintained by X3/INCITS committee T13. It used to be called Advanced Technology Attachment with Packet Interface (ATA/ATAPI). ATA/ATAPI is the result of a long history of development. It is an evolution of the AT Attachment Interface, which was itself evolved in several stages from Western Digital's original Integrated Drive Electronics interface. As a result, many near-synonyms for ATA/ATAPI and its previous incarnations exist, including abbreviations such as IDE which are still in common informal use. With the market introduction of Serial ATA in 2003, the original ATA was retroactively renamed Parallel ATA (PATA). Parallel ATA standards allow cable lengths up to only 18 inches (46 centimeters). Because of this length limit the technology normally appears as an internal computer storage interface. For many years ATA provided the most common and the least expensive interface for this application. As of 2007, it has largely been replaced by Serial ATA (SATA) in new systems. Older computers based on Parallel ATA are still widely-used in embedded and industrial applications. Serial Attached SCSI Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) is a technology designed to move data to and from computer storage devices such as hard drives and tape drives. It is a point-to-point serial protocol that replaces the parallel SCSI. SCSI first appeared in the mid 1980s in corporate data centers. SAS uses the standard SCSI command set. At present it is slightly slower than the final parallel SCSI implementation, but in 2009 it will double its present speed to 6 Gbit/s. This will permit much higher speed data transfers. The protocol is "downwards"-compatible with second generation SATA drives. These drives may be connected to SAS backplanes (controllers), but SAS drives can not be connected to SATA backplanes. The SAS protocol is developed and maintained by the T10 technical committee of the International Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS) and promoted by the SCSI Trade Association (SCSITA). Connectors. The SAS connector is much smaller than traditional parallel SCSI connectors allowing for the small drives. SAS supports point data transfer speeds up to 3 Gbit/s, but is expected to reach 12 Gbit/s by the year 2012. The physical SAS connector is available in several different variants: All the Greatest Hits All the Greatest Hits is an album from the band McFly. They released it on November 5, 2007 and it features all of McFly's UK singles. The album also includes 3 new songs: "The Heart Never Lies", "The Way You Make Me Feel" and "Don't Wake Me Up". The Judas Kiss "The Judas Kiss" is the fourth single off the album by rock band Metallica off their ninth studio album "Death Magnetic". Death Magnetic Death Magnetic is the ninth studio album by heavy metal band Metallica. The album was released September 12, 2008 with the hits "The Day That Never Comes", "Cyanide", "My Apocalypse", "The Unforgiven III", and "The Judas Kiss". Awards. 2009 Grammy nominations. "Death Magnetic" was nominated for four Grammy awards. Rick Rubin won "Producer of the Year, Non-Classical" for his work on "Death Magnetic", as well as other albums this past year. The album won two Grammys for "Best Metal Performance" and "Best Recording Package" at the 51st Grammy Awards on February 8, 2009. X-Forwarded-For The X-Forwarded-For (XFF) HTTP header is a standard for finding the IP address of a client connecting to a web server through an HTTP proxy or load balancer comes from. BT Group British Telecommunications Group plc which trades as BT, (sometimes known as British Telecom and still occasionally referred to by that name) is the privatised UK state telecommunications operator. BT Group is the largest communications service provider in the United Kingdom. Virgin Media Virgin Media Inc. (formerly known as ntl:Telewest, after a merger of NTL Incorporated with Telewest Global, Inc.), became in 2006 the first "quadruple-play" media company in the United Kingdom, bringing together a service consisting of television, Internet, mobile phone and fixed-line telephone services. Be Unlimited Be Unlimited, or simply "Be", is a growing UK Internet service provider. "Be Unlimited" and "Be" are trading names of "Be Un Limited". Demon Internet Demon Internet is a British Internet service provider ("ISP") founded in 1992. It was one of the earliest ISPs, targeting the "dial-up" audience. The company was started on June 1st, 1992, from an idea posted on CIX by Cliff Stanford of Demon Systems Ltd. Currently, Demon Internet is operating as a brand of Vodafone. List of General Secretaries of the Soviet Union General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the top position in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. As the leader of the only legal political party, the General Secretary served as both the head of government and head of state, although the actual head of government was the Premier. Before Stalin turned the position of General Secretary into the most powerful in the Soviet Union, the Premier was the leader of the country. Lenin led the nation as Premier. The office was called First Secretary from 1953–1966. Bachelor A bachelor is a man who has not been married and is not cohabiting. He lives on his own or with a flatmate/housemate. A woman in this situation is sometimes known as a bachelorette. A bachelor cannot have been married, as a man who married but then divorced is called a divorcé. A man whose wife is dead is a widower. Sometimes, when a bachelor is going to be married, a bachelor party is organized to celebrate the last day that the person will be a bachelor for. Nativity scene A nativity scene is a three-dimensional depiction of the Nativity of Jesus. It is also called a crib, manger or crèche. Typically, a large scale scene includes: the Holy Family, the angels, the Magi, the ox and the donkey, and an assortment of shepherds, villagers, servants and others. There are two types of scenes: static representations of figures made of clay or other material and living scenes. Static scenes are often displayed on a table top in the home. In living scenes, humans and animals portray the characters in the scene. St. Francis of Assisi is said to have created the first nativity scene in 1223 (a "living" one) near Greccio, Italy. It was a "hit". The scene's popularity inspired communities throughout Catholic countries to stage similar scenes. In the modern world, nativity scenes have provoked controversy. Animals are said to be abused in living scenes and objections have been placed against static scenes displayed on public lands. In addition, outdoor scenes are often the target of vandals. Theft or destruction of outdoor figures is not uncommon. KBO KBO can mean: Underwater diving Underwater diving is going underwater to do things. There are different reasons to do this: There are also different ways to dive: Static electricity Static electricity means the increase of electric charge on the surface of objects. This electric charge remains on an object until it either flows into the ground, or loses its charge quickly by a discharge. Charge exchange can happen in conditions like when different objects are rubbed and separated. A static charge will only remain when one of the surfaces has a high resistance to electrical flow. The effects of static electricity are familiar to most people because they can see, feel and even hear the spark. This spark happens when the excess charge is neutralized. This neutralization occurs when excess charge flows into an electrical conductor (for example a path to ground). Other charge flow occurs when a charged object is near a region with an excess charge of the opposite polarity (positive or negative). The familiar phenomenon of a static 'shock' is caused by the neutralization of charge. History. In Greek age, Thales found static electricity when he was cleaning his amber. But at that time, they did not pay attention to this and research it. They just knew that rubbing something made a pulling force. Earnest research into static electricity was started in the 17th century, when Otto Von Guericke made the first friction generator. And in the 18th century, Coulomb started research into a fixed quantity of static electricity. Benjamin Franklin associated static electricity with storms. In 1832 Michael Faraday published the results of his experiment on the identity of electricity. This report proved that the electricity made by using a magnet, voltaic electricity produced by a battery, and static electricity are all the same. Since Faraday's result, the history of static electricity can be thought as the study of electricity in general. Charge. Many situations can cause static electricity. Discharge. Static discharge is excess charge that is neutralized by a flow of charges from or to the surroundings. Positive charges get electrons from the surroundings, and negative charges lose their electrons to the surroundings. The feeling of a static electric shock is caused by the stimulation of nerves as the neutralizing current flows through the human body. Due to the presence of much water in the body, the charge is generally not enough to cause a dangerously high current. Lightning is also an example of static discharge. A cloud gets a very huge charge by clashing with other clouds. It gives off the excess charge to the ground. But this huge charge never occurs in the human's surroundings naturally, unless he is struck by the lightning. Despite the apparently harmless nature of static electricity, there can be significant risks in research, because a large charge can break down the equipment. Submandibular gland The submandibular glands are salivary glands. They are under the bottom part of the mouth. Military diving Military diving is underwater diving done by members of armed forces for military purposes. Any method of diving may be used. It is the military purpose that makes it military diving. Military diving for offensive purposes is usually done using rebreathers as they do not make much bubbles which can be seen by the enemy. These divers may be called frogmen or combat divers. Othe military divers do work to remove obstructions and explosive devices like mines. They are called clearance divers. Military divers may also do inspections and repair work on the bottoms of ships, and underwater work in support of military engineering operations. Dagens Næringsliv Dagens Næringsliv is one of Norway's main newspapers. It was founded in 1889. "Dagens Næringsliv" is owned by media conglomerate Norges Handels og Sjøfartstidende (NHST Media Group). History. The newspaper was first named "Norges Sjøfartstidende". On 5 September 2013, the newspaper said that it is one of 17 international partners cooperating with Wikileaks about the Spy Files 3 project that spotlights the international surveillance industry. In July 2015, one former journalist said that he had done plagiarism, in several articles he wrote for the newspaper, said the website of the trade union, Norsk Journalistlag. Forsvarets Spesialkommando FSK ("Forsvarets spesialkommando") is the name of the special forces of Norway's Ministry of Defence. They were established in 1981. Piping and instrumentation diagram A piping and instrument diagram (P&ID) is a simplified illustration or diagram of a process. It shows the required functional equipment and instrumentation to make the process work. Typically, this document is the basis of design for plant engineering. Zifeng Tower Nanjing Greenland Financial Center or Greenland Square Zifeng Tower is a skyscraper in Nanjing, China. It is 459 meters (1476 feet) tall and has 89 floors. It was built in 2009 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world Modular arithmetic Modular arithmetic, sometimes also called clock arithmetic, is a way of doing arithmetic with integers. Much like hours on a clock, which repeat every twelve hours, once the numbers reach a certain value, called the "modulus", they go back to zero. In general, given a modulus "formula_1", we can do addition, subtraction and multiplication on the set formula_2 in a way that "wrap around" "formula_1". This set is sometimes represented by the symbol formula_4, and called the set of integers modulo "formula_1". People talked about modular arithmetic in many ancient cultures. For instance, the Chinese remainder theorem is many centuries old. The modern notation and exact definition of modular arithmetic were first described by Carl Friedrich Gauss. Congruence. Modular arithmetic can be used to show the idea of congruence. In general, given a positive integer "n", two integers "a" and "b" are congruent modulo n, if they have the same remainder when both are divided by "n". Congruence can be written this way: The number "n" is called the modulus. Another definition of congruence, that means the same thing but is sometimes more useful, is that the two integers are congruent modulo n if the difference ("a" - "b") is an integer multiple of "n". That is, if "n" is a factor of ("a" - "b"), then "a" and "b" are congruent mod "n". For example: The remainder when 32 is divided by 7 is 4, and the remainder when 11 is divided by 7 is also 4. This tells us that they are congruent—when the modulus is 7. We can use this example with the other definition too. The difference, ("a" - "b"), is 32 - 11 = 21. This shows the two numbers are congruent, because 21 = 3 × 7 and 7 is a factor of 21. Uses. Modular arithmetic is useful in many fields, and its applications include RSA algorithm in cryptography, primality testing in computer science, and 12-tone arithmetic in music. It is often used in calculating checksums and check digits. Live – Friday the 13th Live – Friday the 13th is a live album released on Sept. 20th, 2005. The album was released as a live CD/DVD album featuring all 12 original songs from Pop band Maroon 5's hit debut called "Songs About Jane". This album has been released with the "Copy Control" protection system in some regions. The CD has the length of 77:58. Performance. Maroon 5 performed in Santa Barbara, California on Friday, May 13th of 2005. Songs. The songs from the hit debut album by Maroon 5 called "Songs About Jane" were all featured performed live on this album. Two songs are performed called "Hello" by band "Oasis" (cover), and "Ain't No Sunshine" (cover). Tropicana Field Tropicana Field is a domed baseball stadium that serves as the home field for the Tampa Bay Rays since 1998. The stadium was opened in 1990 in hopes of snatching a team away from another city. Two teams almost moved to Tampa to call Tropicana Field home; they were the Chicago White Sox and the San Francisco Giants. They stadium also served as the former home for the NHL team, Tampa Bay Lightning and the former home for the AFL's Tampa Bay Storm. Current Rays manager, Joe Maddon, has nicknamed the stadium "The Pit". While the fans nicknamed it "The Trop". The former name of the stadium was the Florida Suncoast Dome. It has also been called the Thunderdome. Jin Mao Tower Jin Mao Tower is a skyscraper in Shanghai, China. It is tall. It has 88 floors. It was built between 1994 and 1999 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world. Two International Finance Centre Two International Finance Centre (abbr. 2 IFC, branded as "ifc") is a skyscraper in Hong Kong. It is 415 meters (1362 feet) tall and has 88 floors. It was built in 2003 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world Gentoo penguin The gentoo penguin ("Pygoscelis papua") is a species of penguin easily recognized by the white stripe across its head. They are the largest penguins of the stiff-tailed family, which also makes them the largest penguin except the two giant penguins, the emperor penguin and the king penguin. Appearance. The gentoo penguin is, on average, 5 kilograms in weight and 80 centimeters in height, but can range from 8.5 kg to 4.5 kg and 51 to 91 cm. They have very large male reproductive organs, and are also the fastest at swimming underwater among the penguins, reaching speeds of 36 kilometers per hour. Life. Gentoo penguins generally live on Antarctic islands, with their largest colony on the Falkland Islands. There are approximately 320,000 breeding pairs of gentoo penguins. These penguins nest on the ground, making nests of stones, sticks, grass, feathers, and various other materials. They usually lay two eggs by mid-October, which hatch in about 34 days, and put equal care into caring for either chick. Young chicks remain in the nest for 3 to 4 weeks until their second down feathers grow in, during which their parents hunt for food in order to feed them. Afterward, they leave the nest but remain in the colony in groups of chicks, called creches that free their parents to hunt for food for them. Gentoo penguin pairs often stay together for a long period of time. Gentoo penguins usually eat crustaceans, such as krill, but genrally eat what is easiest to get. At sea, they may be under attack from sea lions, leopard seals, and orcas. While on land they have no natural predators, but skua, gulls, and other birds of prey have been known to attack and eat young chicks and eggs. Megabat Megabats are also called Old World fruit bats. They are the suborder Megachiroptera, family Pteropodidae of the order Chiroptera (bats). These fruit bats are flying mammals that live in dense forests in Africa, Europe, Australia, and Asia. There are about 166 species of fruit bats. Fruit bats are sometimes known as flying foxes. These bats live in huge colonies, known as "camps." These nocturnal (most active at night) animals rest during the day while hanging upside down from their feet. Pollination and seed dispersal. As fruit bats fly from plant to plant getting food, they also pollinate the plants they visit. In addition, they disperse the plants' seeds as they eat. Many plants, including some avocados, dates, mangos, and peaches, are dependent on these bats for either pollination or seed dispersal. Senses and diet. Fruit bats mostly eat fruit juice and flower nectar. They chew the fruit, then spit out the seeds, peel, and pulp. Fruit bats, like other Megachiropteran bats, use the sense of smell to find their food, fruit and/or nectar. Although they have large eyes and can see well, fruit bats do not use sight as their primary sense. Fruit bats eat other things too. Carriers of Ebola virus. Some megabats are vectors of dangerous diseases. The first recorded human outbreak of Ebola virus was in 1976, but the source of the virus is still unknown. Recent tests have shown that some species of fruit bats collected during Ebola outbreaks show the bats have the virus, but do not show any signs of it. Further studies also show that Ebola can reproduce in fruit bats and other bats in the 'Tadarida' genus. This could mean that the bats are the source of the virus. The Marburg virus, which is related to Ebola, has also been found in fruit bats in Uganda. Another explanation is that fruit bats could be an intermediate host because of the uncertainty that fruit bats are the index case for Ebola. It is also important to note that certain species of fruit bats in Africa are immune to the Ebola virus and that their DNA or RNA are similar to the Zaire Ebola virus. This could explain the spread to humans since people in that region tend to eat fruit bats. Carriers of other viruses. Flying foxes in Australia are known to carry two infections which can pose a serious risk to human health - Australian bat lyssavirus and hendra virus ("Henipavirus"). These bat-borne diseases, unique to Queensland, are among the deadliest viruses in the Western world. Although rare, these illnesses continue to mystify medical professionals. These bat-borne diseases are almost always fatal. Human infections with these viruses are fortunately very rare. Hendra virus is a virus that mainly infects megabats (large fruit bats, or ‘flying foxes’) which can be passed on to horses. Like ebola and marburg, hendra is a haemorrhagic fever with high to very high mortality (50-90%). Both ebola and marburg virus have been associated with megabats as infectious vectors. It is thought that horses contract the Hendra virus by ingesting food or water contaminated with infected megabat body fluids and excretions. The virus can be deadly to both humans and horses. When there is no handling or direct physical contact with flying foxes, there is negligible public health risk. Only three people are known to have survived the bat-borne Hendra virus. So far more than half of all people who have contracted Hendra virus died within six weeks, however there have been no survivors of a second Queensland bat-borne disease. In 1994 lyssavirus - a close relative of rabies virus - was first discovered in a flying fox showing symptoms near Ballina, NSW (which lies on the border with Queensland). Lyssavirus has killed the only three people to have ever contracted it. Flag of Florida The Flag of Florida is a white flag with the Seal of Florida centered on it. Behind the Seal, it has a red saltire, which resembles the Spanish Cross of Burgundy flag used in Florida since the early 1500s. The current flag was adopted in 1900, however the State Seal in the center of the flag was updated in 1985 to reflect the proper historical dress of a Seminole maiden, in the previous seal she was dressed in buckskin with a feathered headband. Flag of Libya The Flag of Libya has three horizontal stripes of red, black, and green, with a white crescent and star in the center of the black stripe. It has been the official flag of Libya since 3 August 2011. Overview. The flag is the same as the flag of the earlier Kingdom of Libya, used from 1951 to 1969. During the dictatorship of Muammar al-Gaddafi the flag was changed twice and it was just a plain field of green. It was unique for being the only national flag in the world with just one color and no design, emblems, coat of arms, or any other details. It was adopted on 11 November 1977. Chambar Chambar, or Chamber, is a town of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the capital Chamber Taluka (a subdivision of the district). The town itself is subdivided into two Union Councils. 2008 Formula One World Championship The 2008 Formula One season was the 59th FIA Formula One World Championship season. It began on March 16 and was over on November 2 after eighteen races. Lewis Hamilton became the Drivers' World Champion while Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro won the Constructors' title. Teams and drivers. The following teams and drivers competed in the 2008 FIA Formula One World Championship: Team started the 2008 season with an updated version of their 2007 car. Super Aguri withdrew from the 2008 Formula One season on 6 May due to financial troubles. Driver changes. Changed teams Entered F1 Exited F1 2008 Race Calendar. The FIA World Council approved the 2008 schedule on 24 October 2007. Singapore was Formula One's first ever night race. New circuits Night Race Results and standings. Drivers. Drivers did not finish the Grand Prix, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance. Race-fixing controversy. A scandal developed that became known as "Crashgate" in the media, during the 2009 season around the time of the Belgium Grand Prix. Claims were made by former Renault driver Nelson Piquet Jr. about his crash in the 2008 Singapore Grand Prix. This led to charges of race-fixing against Renault. Team boss Flavio Briatore and engineering director Pat Symonds left Renault. New York Film Critics Circle Awards New York Film Critics Circle Awards are awards given every year for excellence in cinema worldwide. They are given by an organization of movie critics from New York City-based publications. It is considered one of the most important movie critics awards in North America. Duncan II of Scotland Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim (Modern Gaelic: "Donnchadh mac Mhaoil Chaluim") renamed as Duncan II (before c. 1060 – 12 November 1094) was king of Scots. He was son of Malcolm III (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) and his first wife Ingibiorg Finnsdottir, widow of Thorfinn Sigurdsson. Messolonghi Messolonghi is a Greek city. It is the capital of the Aitoloakarnania prefecture. It is build on the bank of a lagoon. Its population is 14,209 inhabitants. Messolonghi is known because of the Greek War of Independence. During that time the siege of Messolonghi took place. During the siege the residents of Messolonghi fought with the Turks and the majority of them were killed there. During the siege of Messolonghi Lord Byron died, in 1824. Kalamata Kalamata is a Greek city. It is in the southwest of the Peloponnese peninsula. 54,065 people live there. Kalamata it is built at the foot of Taygetos mountain. It is also a coastal city and it has a big beach, in front of the city. History. Kalamata became the first city which was liberated in the Greek War of Independence in 1821. Kalamata was liberated on 21 March 1821. Kalamata is also known because of the big earthquake in 1986. At that time, Kalamata had a lot of disasters. Matt Joyce Matthew R. Joyce (born August 3, 1984) is an outfielder for the Oakland Athletics. He has also played for the Detroit Tigers, Tampa Bay Rays, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, and Pittsburgh Pirates. In 2011, Joyce was picked to play in the Major League Baseball All-Star Game. Foundation Foundation might mean: CITIC Plaza CITIC Plaza is a skyscraper in Guangzhou, China. It is 391 meters (1283 feet) tall and has 80 floors. It was built in 1997 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world. Shun Hing Square Shun Hing Square is a skyscraper in Shenzhen, China. It is 384 meters (1260 feet) tall and has 69 floors. It was built in 1996 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world. Salesforce Tower (Indianapolis) Salesforce Tower is a skyscraper in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. It is 247 meters (811 feet) tall and has 49 floors and is one of the tallest buildings in the world. It was built in 1990 and was named Bank One Tower. In 2004 its name was changed to Chase Tower because Chase Bank bought Bank One Corporation. In 2017 its name was changed again, to Salesforce Tower because Salesforce bought the naming rights. Harald V of Norway Harald V (born 21 February 1937) is the King of Norway. His father was Olav V of Norway. He became king in 1991. Harald was born in Skaugum, Akershus, Norway. In 1968, he married Sonja Haraldsen. They had two children: Princess Märtha Louise and Prince Haakon. Gray whale The gray whale ("Eschrichtius robustus") is a baleen whale (a filter feeder) that has a layer of blubber up to 10 inches (25 cm) thick. Because a mother gray whale would defend her calf so fiercely it would actually attack whalers and overturn their boats, whalers often called the gray whale a devilfish. The gray whale migrates from cold waters to the tropics each year in pods. Gray whales are very agile swimmers. They can dive for up to 30 minutes and go 500 feet (155 m) deep. Gray whales make grunts, clicks, and whistling sounds which may be used to communicate with other gray whales. Diet. This giant cetacean eats small fish, crustaceans, squid, and other tiny organisms that it finds on the sea floor. It sieves its food through its comb-like plates of baleen. Description. Compared to most baleen whales, gray whales are rather small, growing to be only about 45 feet long. They are easy to see with their gray mottled color, which is actually more charcoal black than it is gray. Gray whales have barnacles and lice on their skin. Whales prefer one fin over the other, just like humans are right-handed or left-handed. It is possible to see whether a gray whale is left-fineed or right-finned. The fin that has least barnacles is the fin it uses most. This is because the whale likes to dive down to the ocean floor to scoop up huge amounts of sand from the bottom, filtering out small prey animals that live in it. When the whale does this, many of the barnacles on the side that rubbed along the bottom are scraped off. So, whichever side has fewest barnacles is the side the whale prefers to use when it digs up sand. Migration. Gray whales migrate on both sides of the Americas. One route is a really long migration from the Arctic Ocean (northwest of Alaska) to the coast of Mexico, and back each year. They travel about 20,000 km (~12,500 miles) each year, staying near the coast. They feed in the cold Arctic waters and calve and mate in the warm, protected tropical lagoons of the Pacific Ocean off Mexico. Traveling night and day, the gray whale averages approximately per day at an average speed of . This round trip of is believed to be the longest annual migration of any mammal. As they migrate, they may be preyed upon by pods of killer whales ("Orca"). This has been recorded in the cold current running down west of California. Chase Tower (Chicago) Chase Tower is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States. It is 259 meters (850 feet) tall and has 60 floors. It was built in 1969 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world. Le Père Fouettard Le Père Fouettard (French for "The whipping Father") was a character who went with Saint Nicholas in his rounds at Christmas giving the naughty children the whip while St. Nick gives gifts to the well behaved. He wore a long, dirty, dark colored robe and had a beard that was poorly groomed. He is known mainly in the Eastern regions of France. In Alsace, Le Père Fouettard is synonymous with the bogeyman. Dryococelus australis Dryococelus australis, also known as the Lord Howe Island stick insect or tree lobster, is a phasmid which is sometimes called a land lobster. It was thought to have become extinct in 1930, but more were found in 2001. It no longer lives on Lord Howe Island which was its main habitat. It is now only found on the small rock island called Ball's Pyramid. With less than 30 of the stick insects left alive in the wild, it has been called "the rarest insect in the world". Melbourne Zoo has been able to breed the stick insects with more than 9,000 hatched. It is hoped that the insects will be released back on Lord Howe Island in the future. Basking shark The basking shark ("Cetorhinus maximus") is a huge filter-feeding shark, which can grow up to the length of 40 feet (12 metres). It is the second largest shark in the world (after the whale shark). The basking shark is also called the sunfish, the bone shark, the elephant shark, the sailfish shark, and the big mouth shark. Description. The basking shark is one of the most recognizable species of all sharks. Its large size and extended gill slits which nearly encircle the head and caudal fin together, helps distinguish it from all other species. It has a snout which is in the shape of a cone, and it has many large gill rakers made for filter feeding. Its enormous mouth extends past the small eyes and contains many small, hooked teeth. The basking shark has a very large liver that makes up to 25% of its body weight. The liver is high in squalene, a low-density hydrocarbon that helps the shark float and not sink. The dorsal surface of the basking shark is mainly a greyish-brown colour, but can range from dark grey to almost black. The underside is usually the same colour, but is often paler and more whiter. The basking shark has many hundreds of tiny teeth. Those teeth which are in the center of the jaws are low and triangular while those on the sides are more cone-shaped and slightly recurved. There is mainly a wide space on the center of the upper jaw which only has scattered teeth. The basking shark is the second largest shark in the world, only to be behind the Whale shark. The basking shark can reach lengths of up to 40 feet (12 metres), but the average adult length is 22–29 feet (6.6-8.7 m). The size at birth is believed to be between 5–6 feet (1.5-1.8 metres). The basking shark is an extremely slow-growing species and may grow to 16–20 feet (4.8–6 metres) before becoming mature. Habitat. The basking shark is a coastal-pelagic species, found throughout the world's arctic and temperate waters. In the western Atlantic, it ranges from Newfoundland to Florida, and southern Brazil to Argentina. In the eastern Atlantic it ranges from Iceland and Norway to Senegal, including the parts of the Mediterranean. In the western Pacific, it is found off Japan, China and the Koreas as well as western and southern Australia and the coastlines of New Zealand. In the eastern Pacific, it is found from the Gulf of Alaska to the Gulf of California and from Ecuador to Chile. Behaviour. Basking sharks are usually found travelling in pairs or groups of up to 100 or more, but are sometimes seen travelling alone. It is not fully understood why they have such a different behaviour to other shark species, as they seem to travel alone and in groups. They are highly migrational, and in the winter months they will be harder to find as they go to the deeper parts of the water to find food. When they are seen swimming in circles, it is believed that this is to get the attention of females for mating. They may spend hours performing this, just in order to get noticed. They are usually very patient when it comes to attracting a mate. Feeding. Along with the Whale shark and the Megamouth shark, the basking shark is one of three species of large, filter-feeding sharks. However, the basking shark is the only one that relies on the flow of water through its pharynx by swimming. The basking shark is usually seen swimming with its mouth wide open, taking in a continuous flow of water. Food is strained from the water by gill rakers in the gill slits. The basking shark's gill rakers can strain up to 2000 tons of water per hour. These sharks feed along areas that contain high densities of large zooplankton (i.e., small crustaceans, invertebrate larvae, and fish eggs and larvae). There is a theory that the basking shark feeds on the surface when plankton is common, then sheds its gill rakers and hibernates in deeper water during winter. Also, it has been suggested that the basking shark turns to benthic (near bottom) feeding when it loses its gill rakers. It is not known how often it sheds these gill rakers or how quickly they are replaced. Reproduction. Basking sharks are ovoviviparous, meaning that the young embryos develop in a yolk sac inside of the female, but they aren’t attached to a placental connection. It is believed that the females can delay gestation so that they may remain pregnant from 1 to 3 years. Mating occurs in the early summer and the females often move to very shallow water when ready for the young to be born. She may have up to 6 pups that are up to 6 feet long. The age of maturity is from 6 to 13 years. Basking sharks start mating when they are around 15 to 20 feet long. Migration. Basking sharks are highly migratory. Off the Atlantic coast of North America, it appears in the southern part of its range (North Carolina to New York) in the spring, shifts northward (New England and Canada) in the summer, and disappears in autumn and winter. Off the southwest coast of the United Kingdom, in the northeast Atlantic, the basking shark feeds at the surface of coastal waters during the summer. These sharks are absent from November to March, suggesting a migration beyond the continental shelf during the winter months. This is explained by the high amount of zooplankton (the main food of the basking shark) that exists in these waters during late spring and early summer. During migration, basking sharks form groups depending on size and gender. Parasites. Many people have witnessed individual basking sharks leaping from the water. This behaviour is not fully understood, but some believe that the shark may be trying to get rid of parasites or commensals such as remoras and sea lampreys, which are often seen attached to the skin of the basking shark. The lamprey cannot cut through the denticle-armored skin, but they may be enough of an irritant to cause a reaction like jumping or rubbing against an object to get rid of them. The cookiecutter shark has also been known to attack basking sharks by using its suction cup-like lips and muscular pharynx to drill off pieces of flesh on the outside of the shark. Conservation. The basking shark has been hunted for its large liver, which has been sold in Japan, and has been burned and used in lamps by fishermen in the U.K, whilst the oil has been used in the manufacture of cosmetics. Due to the long amount of time it takes to mature, and the slow reproductive rate, the basking shark is vulnerable to over-fishing, and targeted populations are very slow to recover from targeted fisheries. Today the biggest threat comes from the demand for the fins for shark fin soup, and from accidental by-catches in the fishing industries. Although it is difficult to tell exactly, there has been a report that the population of basking sharks has decreased by 80% since 1950. Chamber Tehsil Chamber Taluka is an administrative subdivision (taluka) of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The city of Chambar is the capital. Fortress A fortress is a building designed to be defended, which means it was very hard for enemies to get inside. Fortification kept the people inside safe. There is little difference between a fortress and a castle. Fortresses normally have thick stone walls, thicker but less tall than in castles so artillery cannot break them. There were very small windows, without glass, so that soldiers inside could fire out through them. As time passed, the weapons they used changed, from bow and arrow, crossbow, gun or cannon. Soldiers outside had great difficulty firing into such small windows. The people defending the fortress were also able to drop things like rocks and boiling oil on the heads of those below. Successful attacks were usually sieges. Fortresses were not designed for comfort. They were dark and often damp. The Tower of London is an example of a fortress. Malay alphabet The modern Malay alphabet is based on the Latin alphabet. It is used to write Malay. It contains the same letters as the English language alphabet. Q, V, and X are not used in native Malay words. The Malay alphabet contains 26 letters: Letter names and pronunciations. Diphthongs Consonant combinations Usage. Actual written examples of the Malay language: Good day Apa khabar What is your name? Siapa nama awak? Do you speak Malay? Awak boleh cakap bahasa Melayu ke? Central Plaza (Hong Kong) Central Plaza is a skyscraper in Hong Kong. It is tall. It has 78 floors. It was built in 1992. It is one of the tallest buildings in the world Fin whale The fin whale ("Balaenoptera physalus") is a huge baleen whale. It is the second largest animal on Earth (the blue whale is the biggest). This whale is sometimes called the "greyhound of the sea" because of its fast swimming speed; it can swim up to 23 mph (37 km/hr) in short bursts. The fin whale is also called the finback, finner, razorback, common rorqual, and herring whale. Description. The fin whale is a streamlined whale that is found worldwide; it is most common in the North Atlantic. There are three separate populations of fin whales, one in the North Pacific, one in the North Atlantic, and one in the Southern Hemisphere; they do not interbreed. Many groups of fin whales migrate between feeding grounds and breeding grounds. This whale usually swims in pods of 3-7 whales but larger groups (up to 300 animals) may form at rich feeding grounds. Diet and baleen. Fin whales are filter feeders that eat plankton (tiny crustaceans like krill and copepods) and small fish from the water. They have very fine grey-black baleen that traps very small particles of food. Each side of the upper jaw has 270-470 baleen plates. James Skinner (East India Company officer) James Skinner CB (1778 – December 4, 1841) was an Anglo-Indian military adventurer in India. Skinner was born in India, son of Lieutenant-Colonel Hercules Skinner and a Rajput lady. Because of his Indian heritage, Skinner was unable to serve as an officer in the East India Company army and, at the age of eighteen, he entered the Mahratta army under Benoît de Boigne, where he soon showed military talent. He remained in the same service under Pierre Cuillier-Perron until 1803, when, on the outbreak of the second Anglo-Maratha War all Anglo-Indians were dismissed from Mahratta service. Nauplion Nauplion is a Greek city. It is in the Argolida's prefecture, in the east of Peloponnese peninsula. Near Nauplio is the historical city of Argos. Nauplio was the first capital of Greece. Nauplio is a coastal city. It has three castles. The most famous are the Palamidi castle, and Bourtzi castle which is on the islet in front of the port. The population of Nauplion is 13,124 inhabitants. History. Nauplion was the second capital of Greece. In 1834 the king Otto carried the capital to Athens. Nauplion was one of the first cities which were liberated during Greek War of Independence. Sites of interest. Nauplion has many sites of interest. The most interest sites are its three castle. Its old neighborhoods are also very beautiful places for visit. In Nauplion there are many old beautiful buildings from previous century. Lincoln, Alabama Lincoln is a city in Talladega County, Alabama, United States. At the 2012 census the population was 6,337. Linden, Alabama Linden is a city in and the county seat of Marengo County, Alabama, United States. The population was 2,424 at the 2000 census. Lineville, Alabama Lineville is a city in Clay County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 2,401. Lipscomb, Alabama Lipscomb is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 2,458. Livingston, Alabama Livingston is a city in Sumter County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 3,297. The city is the county seat of Sumter County. Luverne, Alabama Luverne is a city in Crenshaw County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 2,635. The city is the county seat of Crenshaw County. Iridaceae Iridaceae are perennial herbs from rhizomes, bulbs or corms comprising about 80 genera and 1,500 species. The leaves are distichous and have a sheathing, equitant base and a generally ensiform or linear blade with parallel venation. The flowers are bisexual, usually showy, and are actinomorphic or zygomorphic. Some genera: Tampa Bay Area The Tampa Bay Area is an area in West Central Florida that includes Tampa and St. Pete. Among notable residents is John Cena, a WWE pro wrestler and former 3-time WWE Champion and reigning World Heavyweight Champion. Live at Wembley '86 Live at Wembley '86 is a set of two discs recorded by English rock band Queen. It was recorded live on Saturday July 12, 1986 during the "Magic Tour" at Wembley Stadium in London, England and was released on May 26, 1992. A DVD was released in June 2003. The album was re-sold in a new CD with bonus tracks in August 2003 in the United States as Live at Wembley Stadium after the DVD. Trams in Melbourne Melbourne, Australia introduced trams in 1885 and now it is the largest tram network in the world, consisting of of tracks, 450 trams, 25 routes, and 1,700 tram stops. The trams are powered using 600V DC delivered by overhead wires and run on standard gauge track. Currently operated by a private company, Yarra Trams under contract from the Victorian Government, the owner of the network. Melbourne's trams give a lot to the city's distinctive character and are loved by the people of Melbourne. In 2015-16, a total of 203 million passengers took rides on Melbourne’s trams. Lincoln City F.C. Lincoln City F.C. is an English football team currently playing in Football League one (the third tier of the English football league system). The team play at the 10,127 capacity Sincil Bank in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, and are nicknamed the Imps after the legend of the Lincoln Imp. More recently, they have also been known as the Red Imps. Traditionally they play in red and white striped shirts with black shorts and red and white socks. Neamț County Neamţ () is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in the historic region of Moldavia, with the county seat at Piatra Neamţ. Demographics. In 2002, it had a population of 557,000 and a population density of 99/km². Retezat Mountains The Retezat Mountains (, ) are one of the highest massifs in Romania. They are part of the Southern Carpathians. The highest peak is Peleaga (Vârful Peleaga), at an altitude of . Other important peaks are Păpuşa (Varful Păpuşa) and Retezat Peak (Vârful Retezat). The Retezat Mountains have many glacial lakes. The largest glacial lake in Romania, Bucura Lake (lacul Bucura) is in these mountains. It covers and is located at an altitude of metres. The area also contains the Retezat National Park, Romania's first national park. Swainsona formosa Swainsona formosa, commonly called "Sturt's Desert Pea", is the floral emblem of South Australia It was named after explorer Charles Sturt. This plant is a part of the pea family, Fabaceae. It is only found in Australia. It grows in the drier areas of the country except in Victoria. Explorer William Dampier was the first European to collect a sample of the plant. He found it growing in what is now called the Dampier Archipelago in Western Australia in 1699. Gossypium sturtianum "Gossypium sturtianum", commonly called "Sturt's Desert Rose", is the floral emblem of the Northern Territory. It was named after explorer Charles Sturt who found the plant in creeks near the site of Broken Hill, New South Wales in 1844. He collected the seeds and brought them back for Robert Brown (1773-1858), a Scottish botanist, to study. A stylized drawing of the flower is used on the Northern Territory's flag. University of San Francisco The University of San Francisco, is a private Jesuit university founded in 1855 in San Francisco, California, and is the oldest university in San Francisco. Hurricane Nora (1997) Hurricane Nora was the first hurricane to cause a significant danger to the Continental United States since Kathleen in 1976. Part of a tropical wave that contributed to the formation of Hurricane Erika in the Atlantic moved into the Pacific and organized into Tropical Depression 16-E on September 16 and Tropical Storm Nora that same day. Nora became a hurricane in a favorable environment September 18 while moving northwest. Its motion then stalled over an upwelling of cooler water that weakened it. On September 20, Nora again started moving. It reached its peak intensity of 115 knots and 950 mb On September 21 and 22 it moved over the wake of Hurricane Linda. This weakened the storm pack down to a Category 1. During this time, a trough developed that turned Nora to the northeast. This carried Nora over a favorable environment and towards Baja California. After restrengthening slightly, Nora made landfall as a Category 1 hurricane near Punta Eugenia and again south of San Fernando, both times as a hurricane. Nora stayed a tropical storm as it moved into the United States. Yuma reported sustained gale-force winds. Rains were heavy, sometimes exceeding the "annual" rainfall for the area. Nora weakened to a depression while over California, and it dissipated September 26. Nora killed two people in Mexico. One was killed by a downed power line in Mexicali, and the other was a scuba diving in underwater currents. No one in the United States was directly killed by Nora. However, the California Highway Patrol attributed several traffic accident deaths to the weather. There was extensive damage to areas hit by Nora. Waves ruined dozens of homes. Roughly 350 to 400 people were left homeless in San Felipe, and winds uprooted trees and peeled roofs from homes in Puerto Peñasco. In the United States, thousands were left without power in California and Arizona, and 16 telephone poles were downed in Seeley. Streets flooded in San Diego, Indio, El Centro, and Palm Springs. A remnant circulation continued aloft, and damaged trees and three homes in Utah. Total damages were "several hundred million dollars", as well as 40 million dollars to lemon trees. Nora crossed an area of abnormally warm water near the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula. It restrengthened slightly before making its first landfall near Bahía Tortugas, Baja California Sur. When Nora was inland, the area of the storm located in the Gulf of California began to reintensify. Hurricane Nora then made a second landfall about 60 miles (95 km) south-southeast of San Fernando, Baja California. At landfall, a trough was accelerating Nora northwards, causing it to reach a forward speed of 30 mph (50 km/h). Late on September 25 (UTC), still a tropical storm, it entered the continental United States at the California-Arizona state line. Nora began to weaken rapidly, and was downgraded to a tropical depression three hours later, while located between Blythe and Needles, California. Nora reached Arizona while still tropical, becoming the third known system to do so. Nora degenerated over land, and the low-level center moved towards the north-northeast. A remnant circulation aloft persisted, however, and was likely responsible for a period of near hurricane-force winds observed at the NWS Cedar City, Utah Doppler weather radar. The remnants gradually became more diffuse over the following two days while moving generally northeastward, through portions of Utah, Colorado, Idaho and Wyoming. On September 24, Arizona Governor Jane Dee Hull activated an emergency response center to prepare the state's response to the flash flooding the storm would cause on the dry desert floor, and Yuma residents began to fill approximately 55,000 sandbags to contain the possible flooding. Hull also activated the state's National Guard, and sent drinking water and electric generators to Yuma. Farther inland, the National Weather Service issued flash flood watches for western Arizona, southeastern California, southwestern Colorado, southern Nevada and southern Utah on September 26. In the United States, there were no direct deaths blamed on the hurricane. However, the California Highway Patrol attributed three or four traffic fatalities in southern California to the weather. Damage totals in the United States are not fully known, although media summaries of Nora included a loss to agriculture preliminarily estimated at several hundred million dollars, and at least one study places the figure at $150–200 million (1997 USD). It is estimated that $30–40 million (1997 USD) in damage to lemon trees occurred. Although Nora was significantly weakened, near hurricane-force winds were observed at the Dixie National Forest in southwestern Utah, where strong gusts sheared off the tops of large trees. The Yuma radar indicated a small area of rainfall totals along the northern Gulf of California coast of Baja California. In the United States, the largest total rainfall was recorded at the Harquahala Mountains in Arizona, where of rainfall were recorded as a result of Nora, causing flash floods in western Arizona. Near Phoenix, rainfall from the storm caused the Narrows Dam, a small earthen dam, to fail. In other locations in Arizona, California, Nevada, and Utah, more than occurred in a few localized areas, sometimes with precipitation comparable to the entire local yearly average rainfall. Flooding was also reported in Somerton, San Diego, El Centro, Palm Springs and Indio, while 12,000 people lost power in Yuma, as well as Los Angeles and southwestern Utah. Despite the damage, the World Meteorological Organization did not retire the name "Nora" during its meeting in the spring of 1998. As a result, it was used in the 2003 Pacific hurricane season and is on the list of names to be used in 2009. Mureș County Mureş (, ) is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. The capital of Mureş County is Târgu Mureş. Geography. Mureş County has an area of 6,714 km². Population. In 2002, about 582,000 people lived in Mureş County. Divisions. Mureş County has 4 municipalities, 7 towns and 91 communes. Hurricane Dog (1950) Hurricane Dog was the strongest hurricane in the 1950 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the fourth named storm of the season. Dog began on August 30 to the east of Antigua. After passing through the northern Lesser Antilles, the storm turned to the north and became a Category 5 hurricane. Dog reached its highest strength of 185 mph (295 km/h) winds over the ocean. The hurricane weakened and passed within 200 miles (320 km) of Cape Cod before becoming extratropical on September 12. Hurricane Dog caused high damage to the Leeward Islands, and was said to be the strongest hurricane on record in Antigua. Many buildings were destroyed or damaged on the island. In the United States, the hurricane caused damage along the coast. It damaged several boats and caused 11 people to drown. Strong winds caused large power outages across southeastern New England. Damage along Hurricane Dog's track totaled to about $3 million (1950 USD, $25.7 million 2007 USD). Kingdom of Württemberg Württemberg [], formerly known as Wirtemberg, is an area and a former state in southwestern Germany, including parts of the regions Swabia and Franconia. It was originally a Duchy but was raised to a Kingdom in 1806. Tiraspol Tiraspol (Russian: Тирасполь and Ukrainian: Тираспіль) is the second biggest city of Moldova and the capital city of Transnistria. Sukhumi Sukhumi or Sokhumi () is the capital and largest city of the breakaway independent state of Abkhazia. Sokhumi was a multi-ethnic city. The people were Georgians, Abkhazians (Apsuans), Russians, Turks, Armenians and Greeks during Soviet Rule. During the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict Georgians in Abkhazia were forced to leave. Most Greeks have also left. Tskhinvali Tskhinvali is the capital city of South Ossetia. Mariehamn Mariehamm () is the capital city of the Åland Islands, an autonomous region in Finland. As of January 2014, more than 11,400 people lived in Mariehamm. Many ships sail between Mariehamn and the port of Turku. Funchal Funchal is the capital city of Madeira, part of Portugal. It is also the largest city of Madeira with 111,892 people. Funchal is in a valley. It has even temperatures all year round. There is a rainier and slightly cooler season from October through March. A drier and warmer season lasts from April through September. Transportation. The harbor of Funchal used to be the only major port in Madeira. In 2007 cargo trade was moved to the port of Caniçal, 12 miles to the east. Funchal still serves cruise ships, ferries, and other tourist-related boats and yachts. A highway to Câmara de Lobos and Ribeira Brava is to the west. Santa Cruz, Machico and Caniçal can be reached to the east. Madeira Airport is east of the city, in the municipality of Santa Cruz. Simferopol Simferopol () was the capital city of Crimea, Ukraine. It became the capital city of the Republic of Crimea on March 11, 2014. Chess boxing Chess boxing is a mixed sport which puts together the sport of boxing with games of chess in every other round. Chess boxing fights have been done since early 2003. The sport was started when Dutch artist Iepe Rubingh, given the idea by a similar sport in the writing of Enki Bilal, started actual matches. The sport has become more well known since then. To do well at chess boxing, players must be both good chess players and good boxers. Structure and rules. A match between two players is made up of up to 11 rounds of boxing and chess sessions, starting with a four-minute chess round followed by two minutes of boxing and so on. Between rounds there is a one-minute pause, during which the players change their gear. The form of chess played is rapid chess in which each player has a total of twelve minutes for the whole game. Players may win by knocking out the other player, checkmate, a judge's choice, or if the other player runs out of chess time. If a player does not make a move in the round of chess, he will be given a warning by the referee and he must then make a move in the next 10 seconds. History. The idea was started in 1992 by cartoonist Enki Bilal, and a match of chess boxing was a big story part of his graphic novel "Froid Équateur". Iepe Rubingh, a Dutch artist, was took the idea from Bilal's book and started the sport in the spring of 2001. Rubingh decided that the method of play in the book, a boxing match with a chess match after, was not very good. Rubingh made the rules so a round of chess would come after a round of boxing. The World Chess Boxing Organisation (WCBO), keeps control of the sport. The first world championship was in Amsterdam in 2003 and was won by Iepe Rubingh, the starter of the sport. The First European Chess Boxing Championship took place in Berlin on October 1, 2005 when Tihomir Atanassov Dovramadjiev of Bulgaria beat Andreas D'Schneider of Germany after D'Schneider gave up in the seventh round. In April 2008, the World Chess Federation, FIDE, posted a video on its website in which its president Kirsan Ilyumzhinov played a friendly chess boxing match in Elista. Also in April 2008 the UK's first Chess Boxing club was started in London by Great Britain Chess Boxing Organisation founder Tim Woolgar. In July 2008 in Berlin, a 19-year old Russian mathematics student Nikolai Sazhin won the title of "World Champion" in chess boxing by beating Frank Stoldt. Stoldt resigned in the 5th round after losing his queen. Iepe Rubingh Iepe B. T. Rubingh (; 17 August 1974 – 9 May 2020) was a Dutch artist who was best known for starting chess boxing in 2003. He was born in Rotterdam. Rubingh died on 9 May 2020 in Berlin, aged 45. Teresa Stratas Teresa Stratas (born May 26, 1938) is a Canadian soprano opera singer and actress. She was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Stratas has won 3 Grammy Awards and been nominated for a Tony Award Beth Groundwater Beth Groundwater is an American author who has written two novels in the Claire Hanover gift basket designer mystery series, "A Real Basket Case" and "To Hell in a Handbasket". The first, published in March, 2007, was put up for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007. The sequel, "To Hell in a Handbasket" was published in May, 2009. She writes in the Mystery genre, and has also written several short stories. Writing career. Groundwater first began writing fiction in the fifth grade, and in high school took an outside study in English. She went to the College of William and Mary and got a degree in Psychology and Computer Science in 1978. She worked in another job until 1999, then she chose to become a writer. After going to a few writers' meetings, she began writing short stories. Seven were published before she met a literary agent who agreed to publish her first novel, "A Real Basket Case". It was published in 2007, and was put up for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007. Of her short stories, eight have been published and one was written in Farsi. Another of Groundwater's short stories has been made into a live play. Awards. Groundwater's writings have won several awards. Her first novel was put up for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007. Groundwater's short stories have won awards also. Her short story "New Zealand" won first place in the 2003 PPW Paul Gillette Memorial Writing Contest, and was the winner of the Rocky Mountain Fiction Writers Short Story Anthology Contest. "Flamingo Fatality" won the Great Manhattan Mysteries Conclave Short Story Anthology Contest in 2005, and her 2005 short story "Lucky Bear" was first in the Storyteller Magazine Flash Fiction Contest. Yanina Batyrchina Yana (Yanina) Batyrshina (Russian:Яна (Янина) Фархадовна Батыршина, born October 07, 1979 in Tashkent, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union) is a former Individual Rhythmic Gymnast. She competed for Russia. She was born to Tatar father and Jewish mother. A Real Basket Case A Real Basket Case is a fictional mystery novel that was written by Beth Groundwater. It was published by Five Star Publishing on March 21, 2007. It was later re-published in large print in January 2008. The novel follows the story of Claire Hanover who sets out to find out who murdered her husband. It was put up for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007. The sequel, "To Hell in a Handbasket" is scheduled to be published in 2009. Awards. Even though Beth Groundwater won the Princess of Rejection prize from the Sisters in Crime Guppies Chapter for having the second most rejections for her writings in the winter of 2005, "A Real Basket Case" was put up for the Best First Novel Agatha Award in 2007. Reviews. The novel got good reviews in several large newspapers. Barbara Bibel from Booklist review said that, "This will appeal to Desperate Housewives fans and those who like cozies with a bit of spice." Kirkus Reviews called "A Real Basket Case" "A tense, exciting debut." Author J.B. Thompson praised the novel, but he also said the main character could have been written better. Right Now (Leon Jackson album) Right Now is the debut album by X Factor winner Leon Jackson. Leon Jackson Leon Jackson (born 30 December 1988) is a Scottish singer. He won the 2007 UK series of the television show "The X Factor". His singles are "When You Believe", "Don't Call This Love" and "Creative". His album is "Right Now". Karditsa Karditsa is a Greek city. It is in the center of Greece in the district of Thessaly. It had 35,971 people according to the 2001 census. Karditsa is build on the large plain which is named Thessaly plain. It is the second largest plain in Greece. So it is an agricultural city. Near Karditsa is the city of Trikala. The west of Karditsa is the Agrafa range. Agrafa is a part of Pindus range. Gooloogong Gooloogong is a small town in New South Wales. It is built on the banks of the Lachlan River. It is 57km south east of Forbes, 34 km north west of Cowra and 358 km west of the state capital, Sydney. There are about 250 people living in Gooloogong. The town was established in the 1860s on what was the Pastoral Lease 'Goolagong'of Edward Sheahan from around 1840. The town was originally built much closer to the Lachlan River, but was moved to higher ground because of floods. John O'Meally is buried in an unmarked grave in the Anglican cemetery at Gooloogong. He was a member of Ben Hall's gang. He was shot dead when the gang tried to rob the Campbell's farm, Goimbla Station, on November 19, 1863. Facilities. Gooloogong has a hotel, shops and a park. Boorowa Boorowa is a small town in New South Wales. It is from Yass. The town is built on the banks of the Boorowa River, which flows into the Lachlan River. The town was first called "Burrowa". Boorowa and Burrowa are Aboriginal words in the Wiradjuri language meaning "birds". In 2008, there were 1350 living in Boorowa. The first people to live in the area were the Wiraduri people. This was one of the largest tribes in New South Wales. They had several regular camping sites along the Lachlan and Boorowa Rivers. It is estimated that there were several thousand Wiradjuri people at the time of European settlement. A survey in 1851 showed that there were only 300 people left. Local Wiradjuri people were forced onto government reserves at Rye Park and Edgerton. Early settlement. It is not known for sure who the first European explorers were in this area. Hamilton Hume and his neighbour, William Broughton, had explored the Yass area in 1821. They may have gone farther towards the Lachlan. Broughton had one of the first farms on the Boorowa River in 1828. By 1849, he had of land in the area. Other early settlers were James Hassall in 1827. His family already had large farms at Cowra by 1823. His brother Tom Hassal, a clergyman and his wife Ann Marsden (daughter of Reverend Samuel Marsden) and other family members were given land in 1831. There was a law at the time which gave free land to the children of clergy. Irish influence. Many of the settlers in Boorowa were from Ireland and the town shows their influence. Two early settlers in the 1820s were cousins, Roger Corcoran and Ned Ryan. They had been sent to Australia as convicts. Saint Patrick's Church, built in 1877 has a huge stained glass window brought from Ireland in 1881. It shows Daniel O'Connell (1775-1847) the "Liberator of Ireland." The oldest building still standing in Boorowa is Shamrock Cottage, built in 1850, once the home of the owner of the Queens Arms Hotel. Old buildings. There are many old buildings still standing in Boorowa. Webb and Crego's store, built in 1862, was robbed by bushranger Ben Hall in 1863. The Royal Hotel, built in 1860, is still a hotel although it is now called the Ram and Stallion Hotel. The Court House, built in 1884, is now an information centre for tourists. Guity Novin Guity Novin (born Guity Navran on April 21, 1944) is a Persian-Canadian painter and sculptor. She has started a movement in painting that she has named Transpressionism. She was born in Kermanshah, Iran, in 1944. She now lives and works in Vancouver and Toronto. Guity Novin was graduated from the Faculty of Fine Arts in Tehran in 1970. After leaving Iran, she moved to The Hague, Netherlands in 1975, and then to Manchester, UK where she completed her studies. She moved to Canada in 1980 and lived and exhibited in Kingston (Ontario), Montreal, and Ottawa and finally settled in Vancouver, British Columbia. She has introduced the Transpressionism style in 1994. By using this style she tries to convey her passionate philosophical ideas. She has served on a UNESCO national committee of artists. Murringo Murringo is a small town in New South Wales. It is 25kms east of Young and 406 km west of the state capital, Sydney. The town was in the area often robbed by the bushranger, Ben Hall. Early settlement. Europen settlers moved into the area in 1827. The first farm in the area was Marengo Station, 1833, owned by John Scarr. By 1840 there were about 40 people living in the area. When the town was laid out by the surveyors in 1849, they called the town Murringo. It has also been called Meringo, Marringa, Maringa, Muringo, Maringo and Marengo. In 1926 the town was officially called Murringo. In 1864, Ben Hall robbed John Scarr and his brother as they rode along the road to Burrowa. The original plans included a market place, a big cemetery and large parks. When gold was found nearby at Lambing Flat in 1860, most of the people moved to the goldfields. Although there were only about 120 people living in the town, the people saved money and built the Christ Church Anglican Church in 1866. The foundation stone for the Sacred Heart Catholic Church was laid in 1871. A post office opened in 1857. A number of historic buildings are still standing in Murringo. The church (1866), the Marengo Hotel, the police station (1880), the school (1870), school teacher's house (1879), the Plough Inn (a hotel) (built before 1860) and the Post Office (1857). A blacksmiths shop and cottage from the 1870's has been turned into a craft workshop. Wellington, New South Wales Wellington is a town in New South Wales. It is where the Macquarie and Bell Rivers join together. The town is the centre of the Wellington Shire Local Government Area. The town is 362kms from Sydney on the Great Western Highway and Mitchell Highway. The average summer temperatures are between 17.5º Celsius and 31.7º Celsius. In winter the temperatures are between 1.5º Celsius and 15º Celsius. In 2001 there were 4,672 people living in Wellington. There were 9,200 people living in the Wellington Shire. History. The area was originally lived in by the Wiradjuri people. Explorer John Oxley was the first Europen to visit the area in 1817. He named it "Wellington Valley" after Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. Wellington was settled in the 1823 by Lieutenant Percy Simpson in early 1823 as a convict settlement. Farmers started settling along the Macquarie Valley. The convict settlement closed in 1831. In 1832 a Christian mission was started in the settlement for the Aborigines. A village called Montefiores was started on the north side of the Macquarie River crossing. The village of Wellington was officially listed in 1846 and was made a town in 1879. Wellington Shire Council was started in 1947. Wellington is the second oldest New South Wales settlement west of the Blue Mountains. A hotel that opened in 1842 is the oldest hotel west of the Blue Mountains. It was also the site of the last recorded duel fought in Australia in 1854. The railway from Sydney reached Wellington in 1880. Economy. Wellington is the centre of rich farm land. Lucerne and vegetables are grown on land beside the river. Wheat, wool, fat lambs and beef cattle are grown nearby. The town acts as a business centre for the district. However, now Orange and Dubbo have become bigger business centres. In September 2008, a gaol, the Wellington Correctional Centre was opened. A Probation and Parole Office was also opened in the centre of town. Wellington Council hopes this will increase the number of jobs and bring visitors to the town. The local newspaper "The Wellington Times", owned by Rural Press, is printed three times a week.Home - ACM Ad Centre. Transport. There is a daily train, the CountryLink XPT, which runs between Sydney and Dubbo. The closest commercial airport is at Dubbo. There are regular daily flights from Sydney. There is a small airport ( Bondangora Airport) for private planes 12 km east of Wellington. Nearby attractions. Lake Burrendong, a man-made lake. is 30 km south of the town. Its holds three and a half times more water than Sydney Harbour. Its water is used for farming. It is also visited by people wanting to fish, sail and water ski. Burrendong Arboretum is a sanctuary for endangered Australian plants and covers 1.60 km². The Wellington Caves are millions of years old. The main cave is Cathedral Cave with the massive Altar Rock. The Wellington Boot, a country racing festival is held in every year in March and April. There is also a winery, the Bell River Wine Estate. The Nangara Gallery has a collection of Aboriginal objects. White Christmas A white Christmas means that at least an inch of snow has fallen on Christmas Morning. This is more common in some countries than in others. For example, in the United Kingdom, there are not a lot of White Christmases; but in Canada, there is almost always a White Christmas. Ireland's last "official" White Christmas was in 2004. White Christmases in the United States. Since the 1950's, there are less White Christmases in the USA. Binalong Binalong is a small town in New South Wales, Australia. It is 37 km north-west of Yass. History. The Aboriginal people who lived in the area were part of the Ngunnawal people. The first Europen to visit the area was Hamilton Hume in 1821. The name of the town is believed to come from either an Aboriginal word meaning 'towards a high place' or from 'Bennelong', the name of a famous Aborigine. Binalong was outside the legal limits of European settlement in New South Wales. However farmers settled in the area before the law changed to allow settlement in 1839. From 1847 there was a police camp at Binalong and a court. The old Cobb and Co inn was built at that time as a staging post for Cobb and Co coaches. The town was officially listed in 1850. It was an important stop on the way for people going to look for gold at Lambing Flat. The school was started in 1861. Gold also meant that there were bushrangers in the area. The grave of John Gilbert is near the town in the field where the police kept their horses. He was a member of Frank Gardiner's gang and later Ben Hall's gang. He was shot dead by police in 1865. Railway. The first railway station opened in 1875. The railway arrived in 1876. The current building was put up when the railway line was moved in 1916. The station and the signal box are now closed. Banjo Paterson. The family of the poet Banjo Paterson moved to the Binalong area in 1869 when he was five years old. He went to the primary school in Binalong but later went to boarding school in Sydney. He only came home in the holidays. Binalong features in a number of his poems, for example, "Pardon, the son of Reprieve" . Paterson's father is buried in the local cemetery. Astro Astro can refer to: Astro (television) Astro is a subscription-based direct broadcast satellite service based in Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It transmits digital satellite television and radio to households in Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia and Singapore. Astro is owned by MEASAT Broadcast Network Systems, which is a subsidiary of Astro All Asia Networks plc. Channel List. 6 Channel M Television Channel. Channels highlighted in this color are HD channels Channels highlighted in this color are UHD channels Muscle Shoals, Alabama Muscle Shoals is a city in Colbert County, Alabama, United States. As of 2006, the United States Census Bureau estimated the population of the city to be 12,703. Moulton, Alabama Moulton is a city in Lawrence County, Alabama. It is included in the Decatur Metropolitan Area, as well as the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. As of the 2000 census, the population of the city is 3,260. The city is the county seat of Lawrence County. Montevallo, Alabama Montevallo is a city in Shelby County, Alabama, United States. A college town, it is the home of the University of Montevallo, a public liberal arts university with around 3000 students. As of the 2000 census, the population of the city of Montevallo was 4,825. Monroeville, Alabama Monroeville is a city in Monroe County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census, the population was 6,862. The city is the county seat of Monroe County. Literary fame. Author Harper Lee was born and raised in Monroeville. In her book "To Kill a Mockingbird", the fictional town of Maycomb is modeled on her hometown. The book received the 1961 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Millbrook, Alabama Millbrook is a city in Autauga and Elmore counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. The population was 10,386 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Montgomery Metropolitan Statistical Area. Geography. Millbrook has a total are of 9.7 square miles. Madison, Alabama Madison is a city in Limestone and Madison counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. As of the Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city was 36,824. Madison is close to the Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama, a major US army installation. Redstone Arsenal expanded in the 2000s when it took over the work of other Army installations that closed. Madison is one of the fastest growing communities in Alabama. The region's economy is also supported by NASA (the Marshall Space Flight Center), and major defense contractors. Madison is served by a good public school system and by numerous private schools. Some of the accredited private schools are Madison Academy, Westminster Christian Academy, Randolph School, and Faith Christian Academy. Marion, Alabama Marion is the county seat of Perry County, Alabama. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 3,686. The city was first called "Muckle Ridge". It was renamed after a hero of the American Revolution, Francis Marion. Midfield, Alabama Midfield is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census, the population was 5,626. Fairhope, Alabama Fairhope is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama. It is on a sloping plateau, along the cliffs and shoreline of Mobile Bay. As of the 2000 census, 12,480 people lived there. Fairfield, Alabama Fairfield is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. It is a suburb of Birmingham. The population was 12,381 at the 2000 census. Fairfield was founded in 1910. Fultondale, Alabama Fultondale is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. It is a northern suburb of Birmingham. As of the 2000 census, the population of the city is 6,595. As of 2006, was estimated to be 6,905. Fruithurst, Alabama Fruithurst is a city in Cleburne County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census, the population was 270. Fort Payne, Alabama Fort Payne is a city in DeKalb County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census, the population was 12,938. The city is the county seat of DeKalb County. The city calls itself the "Official Sock Capital of the World." A magnitude 4.9 earthquake occurred here in 2003. Local Attractions. Fort Payne has the headquarters for the nearby Little River Canyon National Preserve, a 14000 acre National Park Service facility. The canyon itself is at Lookout Mountain outside the city limits. Another attraction is DeSoto State Park, a smaller facility with a lodge, restaurant, cabins, and river access areas. Education. Fort Payne is served by the Fort Payne City Schools system which includes: Fort Payne is also served by the Northeast Alabama Community College which is in Rainsville. Fort Mitchell, Alabama Fort Mitchell is a community of 1,400 people in Russell County, Alabama, USA. It is south of Phenix City. The area was first a garrisoned fort. It was meant to help defend the area during the Creek War. Foley, Alabama Foley is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. The 2000 census lists the population of the city as 7,590. Florence, Alabama Florence is a city in and the county seat of Lauderdale County, Alabama, United States. It is in the northwestern corner of the state. Florala, Alabama Florala is a city in Covington County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census, the population was 1,964. Fayette, Alabama Fayette is a city in Fayette County, Alabama, United States. The 2000 census lists the population as 4,922. The city is the county seat of Fayette County. Russellville, Alabama Russellville is a city in Franklin County in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2000 census, the population of the city is 8,971. The city is the county seat of Franklin County. Robertsdale, Alabama Robertsdale is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census, the population was 3,782. Roanoke, Alabama Roanoke is a city in Randolph County, Alabama, United States. Roanoke is served by a weekly newspaper, "The Randolph Leader". As of the 2000 census, the population of the city is 6,563. Reform, Alabama Reform is a city in Pickens County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census, the population was 1,978. Red Bay, Alabama Red Bay is a city in Franklin County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census, the population was 3,374. Rainsville, Alabama Rainsville is a city in DeKalb County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census, the population was 4,499. Rainsville was incorporated in October of 1956. Rainbow City, Alabama Rainbow City is a city in Etowah County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Gadsden Metropolitan Statistical Area. Robert II of Scotland Robert II (2 March 1316 - 19 April 1390) was King of Scotland from 1371 through 1390. He was the first king of the House of Stewart. He is known as Robert the Steward and succeeded the popular David II to the throne. He was crowned in 1371 and had 1 child, Robert III or "Robert the Lame" with Elizabeth Mure, he was mentally unstable and was born as John Stewart, he changed his name to Robert as he would be crowned John II recognizing John Balliol's claim as legitimate which would spark war. Birth. He was born on 2 March 1316 in Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire. He was the son of Walter Stewart and Marjorie Bruce. His mother died in childbith on 2 March and his father died 1326 and was buried in Paisley Abbey, where Robert II was born. Reign. His reign began on 22 February 1371 upon his uncle's death (David II), he descended through Robert the Bruce and was crowned on March 26th of 1371. He wasn't a very popular king and died on 19 April 1390, he was succeeded by his son Robert III. Marriage. He had 2 wives during his lifetime, his first wife Elizabeth Mure and his second wife Euphemia de Ross.King Robert II had more children than any other King of Scotland, in all 15 by his two marriages.  By Elizabeth he had: (1) John, Earl of Carrick (later ROBERT III) c.1337-1406 (2) Walter Stewart c. 1338-1362 (3) Robert, Earl of Albany c. 1340-1420 (4) Margaret Stewart m. John Macdonald, Lord of the Isles (5) Alexander, Earl of Buchan 'The Wolf of Badenoch' c.1343-1405 (6) Marjorie Stewart m. (i) John Dunbar, Earl of Moray (ii) Alexander Keith (7) Jean Stewart m. (i) Sir John Keith (ii) Sir John Lyon (iii) Sir James Sandilands (8) Isabel Stewart m. (i) James Douglas, Earl of Douglas (ii) David Edmondstone (9) Katherine Stewart (10) Elizabeth Stewart m. sir Thomas Hay, Lord High Constable of Scotland By Ephemia he had: (11) David, Earl of Caithness d. before 1389 (12) Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl d. 1437 (13) Margaret Stewart (14) Elizabeth Stewart m. David Lindsay, Earl of Crawford (15) Egidia Stewart m. Sir William Douglas of Nithsdale Robert II also had 8 illegitimate children by various mothers Robert III of Scotland Robert III (1337 - 4 April 1406) was the second King of Scotland from the House of Stuart, ruling from 1390 following the death of his father Robert II of Scotland till his own death in 1406 after 16 years as king. Magic Tour The Magic Tour was the biggest and last tour by the English rock band Queen with their lead singer Freddie Mercury. The tour started in Sweden on 7 June 1986. It ended in England on 9 August 1986. The next band's tour Queen + Paul Rodgers Tour began about 19 years later, after the death of Freddie Mercury and the retirement of John Deacon. The tour included performances on 26 dates at Europe's stadiums. It was in support of their album "A Kind of Magic". In 1987, Mercury was diagnosed with HIV. The band made the decision together to stop touring. This made the concert at Knebworth on 9 August the last time the four members of Queen would perform onstage together. James II of Scotland James II (16 October 1430 - 3 August 1460) was King of Scotland from 1437 through 1460. He was born at Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh. He inherited the Scottish throne after the assassination of his father James I on February 21st 1437, only aged 6 and was crowned king of Scotland on March 25th 1437 at Holyrood Palace where he was born. James III of Scotland James III (c. 1451/1452 - 1488) was King of Scotland from 1460 through 1488. James IV of Scotland James IV (17 March 1473 – 9 September 1513) was King of Scotland from 1488 through 1513. He was an effective ruler and popular king unlike his unpopular father James III of Scotland. Death. He was killed in battle at the Battle of Flodden on 9th September 1513 and was replaced by his 17 month old son James V of Scotland. Family. Some of James' relatives were: James V of Scotland James V (1512-1542) was King of Scotland from 1513 through 1542. He was the father of Mary Queen of Scots. George Butterworth George Butterworth (born London, 12 July 1885; died Pozières, France, 5 August 1916) was an English composer. He showed great talent as a young man and might have become one of England’s greatest composers if he had lived longer. He was killed while fighting in World War I. He is best known for a group of songs which are settings of poems by A. E. Housman. Early years. Butterworth was born in London. His father was a solicitor who later became the general manager of the North Eastern Railway. The family moved to Yorkshire soon after George’s birth. He had his first music lessons from his mother, who was a singer, He soon started to compose music. His father wanted him to be a solicitor and so he sent his son to Eton College. From there he went to Trinity College, Oxford. At Oxford he became more and more involved with music, especially after he met the folk song collector Cecil Sharp and composer and folk song enthusiast Ralph Vaughan Williams. Butterworth and Vaughan Williams made several trips into the English countryside to collect folk songs. Both of them were influenced by English folk songs when they were composing. Butterworth was also a very good folk dancer. He was particularly fond of Morris dancing. Vaughan Williams and Butterworth became close friends. It was Butterworth who said to Vaughan Williams that it would be a good idea to turn the symphonic poem he was working on into his "London Symphony". When the manuscript for that piece was lost in the post Butterworth and two other musicians helped Vaughan Williams to write it out again. Vaughan Williams dedicated the piece to Butterworth's memory after his death. When he left Oxford, Butterworth became a music critic for "The Times" as well as composing and teaching at Radley College, Oxfordshire. He also studied at the Royal College of Music for a short time, working with people such as Hubert Parry and Charles Villiers Stanford. First World War. Although Butterworth had lots of work he often felt that his life had no purpose. When World War I broke out, Butterworth felt that he could be useful so he joined the British Army. He was killed by a sniper in 1916 at Pozières leading a raid during the Battle of the Somme. His body was not found, and his name appears on the Thiepval memorial, near the site of the Somme. He was awarded the Military Cross, and a trench was named after him. A Shropshire Lad. Butterworth did not write a great deal of music, and during the war he destroyed many of his compositions that he thought were not good enough. Of those that survive, his works based on A. E. Housman's collection of poems "A Shropshire Lad" are the best known. Many English composers of Butterworth's time set Housman's poetry, including Ralph Vaughan Williams. Butterworth wrote two song cycles on Housman's poems. They include some of the best-loved English songs of the 20th century, especially "Is My Team Ploughing?" and "Loveliest of Trees". He used this last song as the basis for his 1912 orchestral rhapsody, also called "A Shropshire Lad". It is full of soft, tender music as well as passion. References. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie, 1980, . Charles Villiers Stanford Sir Charles Villiers Stanford (born Dublin, 30 September 1852; died London, 29 March 1924) was an Irish composer who lived in England for most of his life. Life. Stanford was born in Dublin. His father was a very successful lawyer who was also interested in music. He played the cello and sang. Stanford’s mother played the piano. The young boy heard a lot of music at his home as there were often visitors who came to make music. Charles studied the piano, organ and composition and was composing and performing at concerts when he was still very young. His parents had wanted their son to be a lawyer, but it was obvious that music was to be his profession. He won a scholarship to Queens' College, Cambridge in 1870 where he was a choral scholar. He learned very quickly and in 1873, while he was still a student, he was made organist of Trinity College and conductor of two choirs. While he had these jobs he was given time to make visits to Germany where he studied with Carl Reinecke and Friedrich Kiel. He met several famous composers including Brahms and Offenbach. He went to the opening of the Bayreuth Festival Theatre where the music of Richard Wagner was performed. Stanford took his BA degree in 1874 and MA in 1878, and was given the honorary degree of D.Mus. at Oxford in 1883 and at Cambridge in 1888. He had a lot of energy and was known for working very hard. When the Royal College of Music opened in London in 1883 Stanford was made professor there. He became conductor of the Bach Choir and then he was made professor of music at Cambridge. He was still only 35 years old. He kept these two professorships until his death. Although he gave up his job as organist at Trinity he became conductor of the Leeds Triennial Festival and appeared with nearly every important British music festival. In 1902 he was knighted. Stanford married in 1878 and the couple had two children. Stanford died in London and was buried in Westminster Abbey. Music. Stanford is best known today for the choral music he wrote for the Anglican church. These includes some very fine anthems and motets as well as service settings. His music was much better than most of the church music that had been composed during the 19th century, so he helped to make British music better. He composed many pieces for music festivals: these include oratorios and cantatas as well as partsongs and solo songs. He also wrote a lot of orchestral and instrumental works. These often show the influence of Brahms and Schumann. As a teacher of composition Stanford had a great deal of influence on many British composers. He sometimes had a bad temper, but he was also very good at showing students how they could improve their music. Composers such as Charles Wood, Constant Lambert, Vaughan Williams, Holst, Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, Rutland Boughton, John Ireland, Frank Bridge, George Butterworth, Arthur Bliss, Herbert Howells, Arthur Benjamin and Ernest J. Moeran all learned a great deal from him, and continued to admire him. References. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie, 1980. Thaksin Shinawatra Thaksin Shinawatra (born July 26, 1949) is a former Prime Minister of Thailand, and he is in exile (as of 2017). He is also a businessman, politician, . He is a former leader of the Thai Rak Thai Party. Family. "[H]is young sister, former prime minister Yingluck, went into hiding [in 2017]. She failed to appear at the Supreme Court's Criminal Division for Holders of Political Positions Positions ... to hear the ruling in her rice-pledging scheme trial". Phitsanulok province Phitsanulok is an important province in history north of Thailand. History of Phitsanulok. In the Sukhothai Period, Somdej Phra Maha Dhammaraja Lithai was order to called Song Khwai. He order his son, Phra Sai Lue Thai to govern this city. In the Ayuahya Period, Song Khwai renamed to Muang Phitsanulok. And in Somdej Phra Borom Trai Lokkanat period, Muang Phitsanulok became the capital city for 25 years. Muang Phitsanulok became more importance. In the early Rattankosin Period, Phitsanulok still importance city of Thailand. The brand of provincial. Phra Buddha Chinnaraj is the one of most beautiful Buddha image in Thailand. Phra Buddha Chinnaraj was build in 1900 B.E. Now Phra Buddha Chinnaraj is housed in Wat Phra Sri Maha That Woramahavihar. Province slogan. พระพุทธชินราชงามเลิศ ถิ่นกำเนิดพระนเรศวร สองฝั่งน่านล้วนเรือนแพ หวานฉ่ำแท้กล้วยตาก ถ้ำและน้ำตกหลากตระการตา Chatuchak Weekend Market Chatuchak Weekend Market (also spelled Jatujak) is a market in Bangkok. In the past, it was in Sanamluang. In Buddhist Era 2521, the government wanted this place to be the park for relaxing and exercising. Thailand’s government authorities train gave Pahonyothin area connected to southern of Chatuchak Weekend Market to make a new market so the Sanamluang market had moved there and changed the named after the area named “Pahonyothin area market”. In Buddhist Era 2530, it had been changed the named to “Chatuchak Weekend Market” until now. Nowadays Chatuchak Weekend Market has been made buying and selling culture and be famous around the world as the center of selling products. It has more than 112,000 square meters. Foreign tourists know Jatujak market as JJ market or Chatuchak Weekend Market. List of professional wrestling terms Professional wrestling has accrued a considerable amount of slang, in-references and jargon. Much of it stems from the industry's origins in the days of carnivals, and the slang itself is often referred to as "carny talk." Often wrestlers used this lingo in the presence of fans so as not to reveal the worked nature of the business. In recent years, widespread wrestling discussion on the Internet popularized the terms. Nitrous oxide Nitrous oxide is a gas with the chemical formula N2O. It is found naturally in the air. It is also made artificially, because it has many uses. It is a strong greenhouse gas, almost 300 times more so, per molecule, than carbon dioxide) and about one thousandth as plentiful. Because it is a greenhouse gas, people are trying to use it less. Uses. Nitrous oxide is used by doctors and dentists to reduce pain. In the body, it makes people feel happy. For this reason it is also called "laughing gas". It is sometimes used "only" to feel happy, like an illegal drug. Nitrous oxide is used in high performance cars to increase the power of their engines. When it is used this way, it is usually called "nitrous" or "NOS". Nitrous oxide can also be used in aerosol spray cans, especially for foods like whipped cream. This is because it has a sweet taste and is not toxic, and also makes the whipped cream more fluffy. Choral scholar A choral scholar is a student at a university who gets money to help with the fees of his or her studies (a “scholarship”) in exchange for singing in the university’s choir. Some private schools also have choral scholarships. In the United Kingdom there are choral scholarships available at schools belonging to a cathedral or to one of the university colleges in Oxford and Cambridge. Some of these choirs are world famous for their church music such as the choirs of King’s College, Cambridge, St John’s College, Cambridge or New College, Oxford. Choral scholars in such choirs will be expected to sing at the services in the morning and evening (late afternoon) on Sundays as well as at Evensong on several days during the week. There will be rehearsals on most days. Stanford Stanford might mean: George Benjamin George Benjamin (born 31 January, 1960, London, England) is a British composer. Benjamin started playing piano when he was seven years old and soon started writing his first pieces of music. In 1976 he went to study at the Paris Conservatoire where Olivier Messiaen taught him musical composition and Yvonne Loriod taught him the piano. He then studied composition with Alexander Goehr at King’s College, Cambridge. He was still only 20 when one of his compositions was played at the BBC Proms. Since then his works have been played by many famous orchestras. He has worked regularly at the Tanglewood Festival. He has conducted famous orchestras like the London Sinfonietta, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra and the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra. George Benjamin lives in London where he is Professor of Composition at King’s College, London. He has been given many honors including the Chevalier dans l’ordre des Arts et Lettres in 1996. Episcopal High School Episcopal High School was founded in 1839. It is a private boarding school in Alexandria, VA. The school's nickname is 'The Holy Hill' and it's campus is 130 acres large. Around 435 students live on the campus. These students are from 30 states, the District of Columbia and 17 countries. The school does not take any day students, all of the students have to live on campus. History. When it was founded in 1839, it was the first high school in Virginia. It was originally called the 'Howard School'. It became known as 'The High School'. Originally only males were allowed to study at Episcopal. In 1991 the school allowed 48 female students to study. Today 50% of students are female. Honor Code. The school has a set of simple rules it calls "honor code". Many schools have rules similar to Episcopal's Honor Code. Episcopal's Honor Code says: After a student finishes an important document, he or she must write the following and sign their name: Gordon Gray (politician) Gordon Gray (May 30, 1909 – November 26, 1982) was a government official of the United States during the administrations of Harry Truman (1945-53) and Dwight Eisenhower (1953-61). William Eustis William Eustis (June 21, 1753 – February 6, 1825) Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He served as United States Secretary of War from March 7, 1809 to January 13, 1813. He was appointed United States Ambassador to Holland by President James Madison, serving from 1814 to 1818. Rheda-Wiedenbrück Rheda-Wiedenbrück is a town in the district of Gütersloh, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. About 46,000 people live there. The town is famous for a lot of old and fine houses, which were built hundreds of years ago. Debrecen Debrecen is a city in Hajdú-Bihar, Northern Great Plain, Hungary. It is Hungary's second largest city by population, after the capital, Budapest. Oryx The Oryx (also called the sabre antelope) is a fast-running hoofed mammal that lives in dry regions of Africa and Asia (including the Arabian peninsula). They live in steppes (sparse grasslands), semi-deserts, and deserts. Description. These antelopes congregate in herds of 8 to 60 oryx. Newborn calves can run with the herd within minutes of their birth. Oryxes have a life span of about 20 years. Some people think that the unicorn of legend was based upon the oryx. Many types of oryxes (including the Arabian oryx and the scimitar-horned oryx) are endangered species, mostly because of overhunting and disease. Diet and Water. The Oryx is an herbivore (a plant-eater). It eats grasses, shrubs and roots, spending most of its time grazing. Oryx are ruminants; they swallow their food without chewing it. After a while, they regurgitate a partly-digested "cud" which they chew and then swallow for the last time. This desert animal can go for weeks without water; it gets much of its water from the plants it eats. Kyogo Kawaguchi Kyogo Kawaguchi (born October 1, 1974 in Sano City, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan) is a Japanese singer-songwriter. He is now working towards world peace with "Chikyukyoudai" ("World Siblings"). His notable works include "Sakura". I WiSH "I WISH" was a Japanese music group. Members were: ai and nao. Ai is the vocal and plays piano. Nao plays piano　and keyboard. They were famous　for "Asueno Tobira", but this group ended in 2005. Dragon Ash is a Japanese band. "Life goes on" is one of their popular songs. Masaharu Fukuyama Masaharu Fukuyama is a Japanese singer and movie and television actor. He is from Nagasaki, Kyūshū. One of his most well-known songs is "Sakurazaka". Okonomiyaki is a Japanese food dish of a pan-fried batter cake and different ingredients including meat, seafood, and vegetables. Most okonomiyaki has cabbage in it. The name of this dish means "cook what you like". "Okonomiyaki" is mainly associated with Kansai or Hiroshima, but is widely available throughout the country. "Okonomiyaki" is the popular food in Japan. In postwar Hiroshima, "okonomiyaki" was invented to save a few wheat flour and vegetables (for example, cabbage, bean sprout, green onion and so on.) because foods are shortage. It is called ""okonomiyaki "(fried liking foods)" because people made "okonomiyaki" to include their favorite foods in the past. How to make it. First, you cook mixed water and wheat flour and shape like a thin circle. Second, you put cabbage, pork , other toppings and "tempura" bits and turn it over. Third, you put fried noodles on it. Fourth, you shape egg like a thin circle and put it below. Fifth, you turn it over and put sauce and green laver on it. Ōmisoka The New Year's Eve is called "Omisoka" in Japan. People in Japan often eat "Toshikoshi soba ()”. People eat it with the wish of living a simple and long life next year. Advent The Season of Advent, which begins on a Sunday about four weeks before Christmas Day, is celebrated by most Christian Churches, as well as some other Christian communities. It is a time for people to prepare themselves for two different things: for the coming of the baby Jesus and Christmas, and for the Second Coming of Jesus, when he shall rule over all the Earth in peace. Not all Christian people remember Advent. Some people use it as a time of fasting, study, meditation and prayer. Special Advent Calendars are made for children, with pictures or treats for each day of Advent. In a lot of countries it is very common to have an advent wreath with 4 candles, every advent Sunday one candle more will be lighted so that on Advent 4th all 4 candles are burning and its bright, a symbol for Jesus as the light is coming to us on Christmas. Generally, Advent is a time when many people are very busy in preparation for Christmas Day, cleaning and decorating, buying food and gifts, writing cards and letters, and cooking the Christmas feast. Some churches use special candles during Advent. Pirog Pyrih (the plural is "pyrohy") is a Ukrainian pie that can have either a sweet or savory filling. In Russia and Belarus it is called pirog (plural is "pirogi"). Pastry. Pyrih (pirog) is usually made from yeast-raised dough, but can also be made from shortcrust or puff pastry. Pyrohy or pirogi are full-sized pies, while pyrizhky or pirozhki are smaller-sized pies that can be eaten with one hand. The standard shape for pyrohy is oblong with tapering ends, but rectangular or circular pyrohy are also common. They can be closed or open-faced with no crust on top (like a tart). Filling. The filling for pyrohy may be sweet and contain cottage cheese, or fruits like apple, plums or various berries. Savory versions may consist of meat, fish, mushrooms, cabbage, buckwheat groats or potato. In Ukrainian and Russian cuisines, pyrohy with a savory filling are traditionally served (like pirozhki) together with borscht, or soup. Queens' College, Cambridge Queens' College is one of the colleges that make up the University of Cambridge in England. It was first founded in 1448 by Margaret of Anjou (the Queen of Henry VI), and refounded in 1465 by Elizabeth Woodville (the Queen of Edward IV). This is why the name of the college is spelt Queens' and not Queen's: it was founded by two queens. The "President's Lodge" of Queens' is the oldest building on the river at Cambridge, dating from about 1460. The college is on both sides of the river Cam. A bridge joins the two parts. This bridge is always called the "Mathematical Bridge". The students call the older part of the college "The Dark Side" and the newer part "The Light Side". Many people take photographs of the college. There is a story that the bridge was designed and built by Sir Isaac Newton without the use of nuts or bolts. The story says that once some students tried to take the bridge apart and put it back together again, but were unable to do so. That is why they had to put nuts and bolts in which can be seen today. The story is not true. The bridge was built in 1749, after Newton had died. It was never taken apart although it was rebuilt twice. Stephen Fry is one of many famous people who have studied there. Peace and Truce of God The Peace of God was a movement begun by bishops in southern France around 990 CE to limit the violence done to property and to the unarmed. The Carolingian Empire had collapsed and the nobles were making war almost all the time. The Truce of God extended the Peace by setting aside certain days of the week when violence was not allowed. Where the Peace of God limited violence against the church and the poor, the Truce of God was about preventing fighting between Christians, especially knights. Desmoxytes purpurosea The shocking pink dragon millipede (also called the dragon millipede ("Desmoxytes purpurosea") is a millipede which has a bright pink color on its spiny body). It is very toxic. They have glands that release cyanide to protect them from predators. The millipede has glands that produce hydrogen cyanide to protect it from predators, a fact advertised by its aposematic color. Because it produces cyanide, it smells like almonds. It is one of a thousand new spcies found in the Greater Mekong region in the last ten years. It can be found at the Tai side of the Mekong river. Scholarship A scholarship is financial help (money) given to someone who wants to study. Scholarships can be given by schools or by universities or colleges or any other institution where people can study or where research needs to be done. It is similar to a bursary. There are very many kinds of scholarships. Some scholarships will cover all the tuition fees (money that the student needs to pay to study), others may just help towards the tuition fees. Some scholarships may include money for other things such as food and accommodation. Sometimes the students are expected to do something in return for having a scholarship. They may, for example, be expected to do some particular work after they finish their studies, or they may need to help the institution in some way. Quite often the amount of money a student gets will depend on how much money the family has. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women says that scholarship must be equally given for girls without discrimination. Great egret The great egret ("ardea alba") (also known an the common egret, large egret, great white egret, or great white heron) is a large wading bird found worldwide. It is the second-largest member of the heron family in America (second only to the great blue heron). It lives in mudflats, tidal shallows marshes, lakes, rivers and flooded paddy fields. It winters in the south down to Colombia. The great egret flies with slow wing beats and has a deep, croaking call. It is 90-102 cm long. Diet. The great egret eats fish, lizards, frogs, crayfish, small rodents, and insects. It often hunts in shallow water, usually impaling the prey on its long, sharp bill. Egg and nests. The great egret's nest is a platform of twigs and sticks that is built in trees or on the ground. Females lay 3-5 pale blue-green eggs in each clutch (a set of eggs laid at one time). The incubation period of the eggs is 23–26 days. References. Birds of the Indian Subcontinent-2010, Oxford University Press, Richard Grimmett, Carol Inskipp, Tim Inskipp Leeds Triennial Festival The Leeds Triennial Festival was a festival of music held in the town of Leeds, Yorkshire in England. The festival started in the 19th century at a time when very large choirs were in fashion. Although there is now no festival called the Leeds Triennial Festival the town of Leeds continues to put on music festivals. History. On 7 September 1858 Queen Victoria opened the new Town Hall in Leeds. It was a very large building, big enough for an audience of 4000 and a choir of 400 singers. The composer Sterndale Bennett conducted an orchestra and choir at the opening performance. Although “triennial” means something that happens every three years, the next festival did not happen until 1874. In 1880 the first festival called the Leeds Triennial Festival was conducted by Arthur Sullivan. These festivals were very famous internationally because a lot of famous composers were asked to write new works for choir and to come and conduct them. Composers such as Raff, Dvorak, Massenet, Humperdinck, Parry, Stanford, Elgar and Sullivan himself all wrote new works for the festival. Later in the 20th century many famous musicians continued to be associated with the festival including Benjamin Britten and Aaron Copland. Although the last Leeds Triennial Festival took place in 1985 both the Festival Chorus and the Leeds Philharmonic Chorus continue to perform at the Leeds International Concert Season in the Town Hall. Trimeresurus trigonocephalus The Trimeresurus trigonocephalus, commonly known as the ""Sri Lankan Green Pit viper", is a species of venomous Pit vipers found in Sri Lanka. There are no subspecies currently recognized. Description. Males are smaller than females who can grow to the length of around 130 cm, while males can grow up to the length of 80 cm. They are green in color, and their back has some shades of yellow, they also have black stripes all over them and have a black tail. Behavior. The Sri Lankan Green Pit viper is nocturnal and arboreal (it lives in trees), but can sometimes be found on the ground looking for food like frogs, lizards, and small mammals, it also eats birds which it finds in the trees. In the morning Sri Lankan Green Pit vipers can be seen on top of trees so they can warm up their body with the sun rays that hit them. Reproduction. The Sri Lankan Green Pit viper is viviparous, meaning they give live birth. They give birth to their young during June and July. The have around 5 to 25 young at a time. Where they live. They are found in grasslands and rain forests of Sri Lanka Common Names. The Sri Lankan Green Pit viper is also known as the "Pala Polonga" and the "Green Pit viper"". Venom. The venom of the Sri Lankan Green Pit viper is hemotoxic. The bite of a Sri Lakan Green Pit viper is very painful, when someone is bitten by a Sri Lankan Green Pit viper the bitten area swells up, and the pain may last for a few days. The cells of living tissue die, blisters occur, and ptosis and lymphadenopathy take place. However, there have been no reports on deaths. Venomous snake A venomous snake is a snake that uses venom (poison) on prey to stop them and for self-defense. Families. Over 600 species are known to be venomous -- about a quarter of all snake species. Yoxall Yoxall is a town in Staffordshire, England, UK. The river Swabourne flows through the town and it is close to the A515 road. Trimeresurus jerdonii Trimeresurus jerdonii is a venomous pitviper species found in India (Assam), Burma, Tibet, China and Vietnam. Three subspecies are currently recognized, including this one. Where they are found. Found from Assam in India, through northern Burma to Tibet, China (Hupeh, Szechwan and Yunnan) and Vietnam. The type locality given is "Khasi Hills, India." What they look like. Males grow to a maximum total length of 835 mm with a tail length of 140 mm; females 990 mm with a tail length of females 160 mm. AXXo aXXo is the Internet alias of an individual or group, who has been allegedly harassed by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) for copyright infringement. He is famous for converting DVD movies into computer files that can be uploaded into the Internet and be downloaded by other people for free. Ernest Moeran Ernest Moeran (born Heston, Middlesex, England, 31 December 1894; died 1 December 1950) was an English composer. Early life. Moeran (pronounce: “MOOR-an”) was born in Heston, to the west of London. His father was an Irish clergyman. Ernest spent most of his childhood living on the coast of Norfolk. He learned to play the violin and the piano. At first he was taught at home by a governess. When he was ten he went to school. In 1908, he went to Uppingham School where he spent five years. When he left school in 1913 he started to study piano and composition at the Royal College of Music with Charles Villiers Stanford. War service. Moeran’s studies at the Royal College of Music were interrupted after 18 months because of the start of World War I. He joined the army as a despatch rider but he was soon badly injured in the head and could no longer fight in the army. After the war he did some music teaching, but then he started to study music again. His teacher this time was John Ireland who had been a pupil of Moeran’s earlier teacher Stanford. Composing music. After these studies his music started to be performed a lot. His "First Rhapsody" for orchestra was performed several times, including in 1924 by the Hallé Orchestra conducted by Hamilton Harty. He was asked to compose a symphony for the Hallé Orchestra, but he preferred to write shorter pieces, especially chamber music and piano music. In 1931 he wrote a "String Trio" which is one of his best works. Moeran became interested in folk music. He liked to go to country pubs and listen to the people singing there. He collected about 150 folk songs in Norfolk and Suffolk and made many arrangements of them. By the mid-1920s, Moeran had become close friends with Peter Warlock. They lived together and often went out drinking together. Moeran gradually became an alcoholic. In 1945, after Warlock had died, Moeran married the cellist Peers Coetmore. The marriage was not very happy although it helped Moeran to compose some of his best pieces: the "Cello Concerto" and "Cello Sonata". Moeran was found drowned in the River Kenmare. At first people thought he had committed suicide but then it was found that he had had a heart attack and died before he fell into the water. His music. Moeran’s music is influenced by folk song. His harmonies are often like those of Delius. He was also influenced by Vaughan Williams, Holst, Bax, John Ireland and Peter Warlock. For many years he concentrated on piano music, songs and chamber music, but in his later years he wrote larger works such as the Symphony in G minor (1934-7) and his Concertos for the Violin and the Cello. Despatch rider A despatch rider is someone in the army who delivers messages ("despatch" or "dispatch" means "to send someone or something off on a journey"). A despatch rider either rides a horse or a motorcycle. Despatch riders were used by armies to send messages between headquarters and the fighting soldiers. They might be delivering reports, but sometimes they took urgent messages which were often secret. It was a very dangerous job. Travelling between the lines of fighting armies the despatch rider could easily be blown up by a mine, shot by gunfire, or captured by the enemy. Despatch riders always used to ride on horseback. In the 20th century they usually rode motorcycles. They were used a lot in World War I and even in World War II, although by the end of World War II electronic communications and cryptography had improved so that despatch riders were rarer. The Ting Tings The Ting Tings are an English duo Pop-Retro rock indie band formed in England in 2004. They are famous for the studio album "We Started Nothing" and famous for the hit pop singles "Shut Up and Let Me Go", "Great DJ", "That's Not My Name", and "Be The One". The pop band is only a 2 member band with Katie White and Jules De Martino. The band members met whilst at Leeds University. We Started Nothing We Started Nothing is an album recorded by Pop duo The Ting Tings. Singles include "Shut Up and Let Me Go", and "Be The One". The studio album was released May 2008. The album was also released as a limited edition LP on red vinyl limited to 2,000 copies. Shut Up and Let Me Go "Shut Up and Let Me Go" (aka: "Shut Up & Let Me Go") is the third single off the studio album "We Started Nothing" by The Ting Tings. The song was released in the United Kingdom on July 21st of 2008, and was the follow-up to the number one hit single "That's Not My Name". The song was added to the coveted A-list of BBC Radio 1's playlist, and has received a substantial amount of airplay during the day on the station. The single peaked at number six in both the UK Singles Chart and the UK Download Chart. 1987 Sino-Indian skirmish The 1987 Sino-Indian skirmish occurred at Sumdorong Chu Valley. This was the second conflict between the PRC and India, with the previous one taking place exactly a quarter of a century earlier. Longbridge Plant Longbridge Plant is an automobile plant in Longbridge, Birmingham, West Midlands, England. Most of it was demolished in 2005 and 2007. Curzon Street railway station Curzon Street railway station is a former railroad station in Birmingham, United Kingdom. It opened in 1838 and became a goods yard in 1854. Holography Holography is a way of making three-dimensional (3-D) picture made with a laser. It allows the holographer to make a more exact image than with photography. The holograph seems to move and change slightly to look as if it were three-dimensional. Holography uses the wave aspect of light. How a hologram is made. Holograms are made with light flashed onto a plate or screen, almost like how photos are made. To make a hologram instead of a photograph, some of the light, called a "reference beam," has to go directly to the screen. The light has to be a laser because lasers are more accurate and have a wavelength that does not change the way the wavelengths of light from other sources does, like light from lightbulbs. To stop other light from ruining the hologram, holograms are usually taken in the dark. Because even the tiniest vibration can stop the hologram from forming properly, the tables upon which that the holographer places the equipment may be built with shocks or inflated chambers to stop vibrations from the floor. Holograms vs. photographs. Holograms can be compared to photos. Holography records both the intensity of light, like photography, but also records the difference in the phase of light. Holography records all of information from the light that the object reflects. Functionality. Holography uses a reference wave (which goes onto the plate) and an exposure wave (object wave, which comes from the object). The reference wave can save the phase information as patterns of light and dark on a film. The object wave and reference wave must have the same wavelength in order to save the phase information and they usually come from the same laser. History. The most famous person in the history of holography is the physician Dennis Gábor, the inventor of the hologram. In 1947, he was trying to improve microscopes, and he figured out how to display three-dimensional objects. Physical details. Recording. Holograms need laser beams. A dispersing lens makes the beam bigger and then it goes through a special mirror. Only a piece of this laser beam can go through the mirror. Then this beam becomes the reference wave, and it is recorded on the film. The other piece of the laser beam is reflected off of the mirror. This piece becomes the exposure wave at the object. The object reflects this wave on the film. Reconstruction. Making a hologram is very similar to making a photograph, and it needs chemicals. To look at a hologram the film must be lit up with the reference wave. These waves are reflected on the film (hologram) and create a virtual picture of the recorded object, even if that picture can only be seen from a specific angle. Applications. Measurement. Industries use holograms to measure things. In the car industry, cars are measured using holography so engineers can see bulges and vibration characteristics. Phase-shift holography is one kind of holography used to make cars. The first step in making a hologram is to examine the ground level state of the object, then overload the object through heat or mechanical pressure. Covering the original hologram and the modified hologram can produce interference fringes. By measuring the interference fringes, engineers learn how big the deformation or other problem is. Engineers can measure tiny terminal expansions or vibrations in mechanical systems. This needs two reference waves. Data storage. There are holographic storage machines for analog pictures and digital data. Digital information will be affiliated by a two-dimensional bit-pattern. Dirty paper coding In telecommunications, dirty paper coding (DPC) is a good way to send digital data through a channel that is subject to some interference that is known to the sender. The sender does precoding of the data so as to cancel the effect of the interference. Costa asked the following question: When Costa asked his question, the Shannon–Hartley theorem (and the more general noisy-channel coding theorem) was well known. The Shannon–Hartley theorem tells us that, all else being equal, a paper sent along a path that picks up less dirt can reliably deliver more information than another paper sent along a path that picks up more dirt. People have also thought up many ways of dealing with such dirt added after the message is written—see error detection and correction for details. Most people expected that the same thing would happen when dirt is added to the paper before the message was written—the more dirt, the less information can be reliably sent. In 1983, Costa showed the surprising result that we can send just as much information on such a dirty piece of paper as we can when writing on a clean sheet of paper, and gave a way to get that capacity. A dirty paper code is a way for the writer to adapt his message to the dirt already on the paper. The writer and the reader agree ahead of time on which dirty paper code they will use for the messages. History. People have thought up several dirty paper codes, including Costa precoding (1983), Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (1971) and the vector perturbation technique of Hochwald et al. (2005). A similar problem called "writing on dirty tape (WDT)" is more complicated. As of 2005, the capacity computation problem and the capacity-achieving problem for writing on dirty tape are unsolved "Writing on wet paper" is a related problem in steganography Applications. Wireless networks. Many wireless networks use dirty paper coding, especially MIMO systems. In a wireless network, often a transmitter has many different messages, and each one needs to be sent to a different person. The sum-rate capacity of a system that transmits all the messages at the same time—and uses dirty-paper codes to reduce the interference between messages—can be many times the sum-rate capacity of a similar system that only sends one message at a time (TDMA). Any one receiver is only concerned with the messages for that receiver—all the other messages the transmitter is simultaneously sending to everyone else are—to that receiver—irrelevant noise that only interferes with the desired message. The "dirty paper" story can be seen as a parable for wireless communication. Recently, there has been interest in DPC as a possible solution to optimize the efficiency of wireless networks, in particular multiuser MIMO networks and into an interference aware coding technique for dynamic wireless networks. Digital watermarking. People doing "informed digital watermarking" use dirty paper codes, using this analogy: Klamath River The Klamath River flows through Oregon and northern California in the United States. It is long. The river empties into the Pacific Ocean. The Klamath is the second largest river in California after the Sacramento River. Bandai Bandai Co., Ltd. is a Japanese company that makes toys and video games. It is the third largest toy maker in the world. Battle, East Sussex Battle is a town in East Sussex, England, UK. It is known as this because it was the place where the Battle of Hastings was fought. John Key John Phillip Key (born 9 August 1961) was the 38th Prime Minister of New Zealand and was the leader of the New Zealand National Party. John Key entered the New Zealand Parliament in 2002 representing the north-west Auckland area of Helensville as a National MP, a seat that he still holds. In 2006 he succeeded Don Brash as the National Party leader in 2006. Key led his party to victory in the November 2008 general election. On 5 December 2016, Key resigned as prime minister and as party leader. Bill English soon replaced Key as prime minister and party leader. Personal Life. Key was born in Auckland, New Zealand, to George Key and Ruth Key. His father, who was from the UK, died of a heart attack in 1967. Key and his two sisters were raised in a state house in Christchurch by his Jewish mother. He attended Burnside High School, and earned a Bachelor of Commerce degree in accounting from the University of Canterbury in 1981. He has attended management studies courses at Harvard University, although he did not receive a degree from this institution. Key met his wife Bronagh when they were both students at Burnside High School. They married in 1984. She is currently full-time mother of their two children, Stephie and Max. Before politics. In 1995, he joined Merrill Lynch as head of Asian foreign exchange in Singapore. That same year he was promoted to Merrill's global head of foreign exchange, based in London, where he may have earned around US$2.25 million a year including bonuses, which is about NZ$5 million at 2001 exchange rates. Some co-workers called him "the smiling assassin" for maintaining his usual cheerfulness while sacking dozens (some say hundreds) of staff after heavy losses from the 1998 Russian financial crisis. He was a member of the Foreign Exchange Committee of the New York Federal Reserve Bank from 1999 to 2001. Prime Minister (2008-2016). Key became Prime Minister following the general election on 8 November 2008 which ended the Labour-led government of nine years under Helen Clark. The National Party, promoting a policy of "change", won 45% of the party vote and 59 of the 122 seats in Parliament, a big margin over the Labour Party which won 43 seats. Key was sworn in as Prime Minister on 19 November 2008 along with his new cabinet. His first international outing as Prime Minister was the 20th APEC meeting in Peru the following day. Key announced he will step down from the role of Prime Minister and leader of the National Party effective 12 December 2016. List of people from Dunedin The New Zealand city of Dunedin has produced a large number of famous people. Many of these are natives of the city; others travelled to Dunedin to be educated at the University of Otago. Peter Warlock Peter Warlock (born London, 30 October 1894; died London, 17 December 1930), was an English composer. “Peter Warlock” was not his real name. His real name was Philip Heseltine. He was also a music critic. When he wrote about music he used his real name, but when he composed music he used the pseudonym (borrowed name) "Peter Warlock", which is the name by which he is usually remembered today. Life. Philip Heseltine did not come from a musical family. When he was two years old his father died. His mother married again and went back to live in Wales, where she came from. Philip went to school at Eton College. He was still a teenager when he was introduced to the composer Delius, who lived in France. They became good friends and Philip made piano arrangements of some of Delius’s music. Later he wrote a book about Delius. He studied in Germany for a time, and then at Oxford where he studied classics. He learned about music by teaching himself. He did not fight in World War I. He was a conscientious objector, but also, his health was not good enough for him to be in the army. He spent most of his life in London, but he did visit Ireland for a year, and also spent three years with his mother in Wales, and four years in Kent where he lived with Ernest Moeran. Heseltine and Moeran often got drunk together. He became friends with the composer Bernard van Dieren whose music influenced him a lot. He also liked poetry from the time of Queen Elizabeth I. He died in his apartment from gas poisoning. It is not certain whether it was suicide, but he did let his cat out before he turned on the gas. His music. His music, written under the name of Peter Warlock, often has links with his literary writings. Some of the best works he wrote are his songs, especially the song-cycle "The Curlew", which has lyrics from poems by W. B. Yeats. One of his most popular works is the "Capriol Suite" for string orchestra. Warlock wrote many carols, such as "Adam Lay Ybounden", "Tyrley Tyrlow", and "Bethlehem Down". Warlock was not influenced by folksong like many other English composers of the time. He liked many different styles, including Renaissance music and the music of Bartók whom he met. Land mine A land mine (called a "mine" when a naval mine is clearly not what is meant) is an explosive weapon that is put on the ground or just underneath the ground so that it explodes when a person or vehicle goes by. They are called "mines" because people who put them there often dig a tunnel under the ground (like miners who dig for coal etc.). Many people can be killed by mines, including civilians. Sometimes mines can lie in the ground and kill and injure people years after a war has ended. There are different types of land mines. Big anti-vehicle mines are against vehicles. Smaller infantry mines are used against foot soldiers. Charles Wood Charles Wood (born Armagh, 15 June 1866; died Cambridge, 12 July 1926) was an Irish composer and teacher. Charles Wood was born in Armagh, Ireland. His father sang in the Cathedral choir. Charles had music lessons from the cathedral organist, then he went to the Royal College of Music where he studied composition with C.V.Stanford and Hubert Parry. He also learned to play the horn and piano. After four years he went to Selwyn College, Cambridge, at first to study, then to teach harmony and counterpoint. In 1889 he got a teaching job at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Soon he became their first Director of Music and Organist. When Stanford died, Wood became Professor of Music at Cambridge. Wood is mainly remembered today for his Anglican church music. He wrote music for the Communion Service and service settings of the Magnificat and Nunc dimittis. These are often sung today in cathedrals and churches. He wrote many fine anthems including "O thou, the central orb". In Cambridge he is remembered for the chimes he wrote for the clocks of Gonville and Caius College. His pupils included Ralph Vaughan Williams at Cambridge and Herbert Howells at the Royal College of Music. References. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie ISBN 1-56159-174-2 Arthur Bliss Sir Arthur Bliss CH KCVO (London, 2 August 1891; died London, 27 March 1975) was a British composer (a person who writes music). When he started composing, his music sounded very modern and harsh. As he got older he changed his style and wrote more Romantic music in the style of English composer Edward Elgar. For more than twenty years he was Master of the Queen's Music. Early life. His father was American, his mother was English. He went to school at Rugby. He went to Cambridge University where he studied with Irish composer Charles Wood. Wood also taught the composer Ralph Vaughan Williams. Bliss got to know Elgar whose music influenced him very much. For a short time he learned music from Charles Villiers Stanford at the Royal College of Music. During World War I he served in the army. After World War 1. After the war he started to play his music in public. These compositions show the influence of Stravinsky, Ravel and Les Six. His music even sounded jazzy. After a few years his music became more Romantic. Elgar asked him to write something for the Three Choirs Festival in 1922. The piece he composed was his "Colour Symphony" in which he tries to describe colours in music. During the 1920s his music became more traditional. He wrote a lot of music for movies including music for the movie "Things to Come" (H.G.Wells). He loved the theatre and composed music for the ballets "Checkmate" and "Miracle in the Gorbals". One of his best works is the choral symphony "Morning Heroes" (1930). This was written to remember those who were killed in World War I. America. When World War II started he was in the USA. He stayed there and taught at Berkeley, California until 1941. Then he returned to England. For a time he was Director of Music of the BBC. He wrote an opera "The Olympians". In 1953 he was made Master of the Queen's Music. He kept that position until his death, writing many pieces of music for official royal occasions. He was given many honours, including the Companion of Honour and the Royal Victorian Order. In his later years he composed several works for orchestra as well as for choirs. He died on 27 March 1975. His wife, Gertrude died on 21 November 2008 at the age of 104. References. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie Plumbing Plumbing (which comes from the Latin word "plumbum", which means lead, as pipes were once made from lead) is the job of working with pipes, tubing and plumbing fixtures for drinking water systems and getting rid of waste. A plumber is someone who fixes or puts in piping systems, plumbing fixtures and equipment such as water heaters. Many plumbers are construction workers. The plumbing industry is an important part of every developed economy because people need clean water and safe ways to move and store waste. Plumbing also refers to a system of pipes and fixtures put in a building to move water and the get rid of waste that is in water. Plumbing is different from water and sewage systems because plumbing system serves one building, while water and sewage systems serve a group of buildings or a city. History. Plumbing was very rare until modern cities grew in the 19th century. At about the same time, public health leaders began wanting better systems to get rid of waste. Before this, people got rid of waste by collecting it and dumping it onto the ground or into rivers. However, there were some plumbing pipes in the city settlements of the Indus Valley Civilization by 2700 B.C. Plumbing was also used during the ancient civilizations such as the Greek, Roman, Persian, Indian, and Chinese civilizations as they built public baths and needed drinking water, and somewhere to drain waste. The Romans used pipe inscriptions to stop people from stealing water. These systems did not improve much over the years. There were almost no improvements from the time of the Roman aqueducts and sewers until the 19th century. Eventually the development of separate, underground water and sewage systems got rid of open sewage ditches and cesspools. Most large cities today send solid wastes through pipes to sewage treatment plants. Treatment separates water from waste and makes the water more pure before it goes into streams or other bodies of water. Most places stopped using lead for drinking water after World War II because of the dangers of lead poisoning. At this time, copper piping was started because it was safer than using lead pipes. Materials. Water systems in ancient times used gravity to move water. They used pipes or channels usually made of clay, lead, bamboo or stone. Today, water-supply systems use a network of high-pressure pumps, and pipes are now made of copper, brass, plastic, or other nontoxic material. Drain and vent lines are made of plastic, steel, cast-iron, and lead. Lead is not used in pipes today because it can be poisonous. The 'straight' sections of plumbing systems are of pipe or tube. A pipe is usually made by casting or welding, where a tube is made through extrusion. Pipe usually has thicker walls and may be threaded or welded, where tubes have thinner walls, and needs special joining techniques such as 'brazing', 'compression fitting', 'crimping', or for plastics, 'solvent welding'. As well as the straight pipe or tubing, many fittings are required in plumbing systems, such as valves, elbows, tees, and unions. Plumbing fixtures are designed for the people who use the water. Some examples of fixtures include water closets (also known as toilets), urinals, bidets, showers, bathtubs, utility and kitchen sinks, drinking fountains, ice makers, humidifiers, air washers, fountains, and eye wash stations. Regulation. Much of the plumbing work in places where many people live is done under government rules. Putting in plumbing and fixing plumbing generally must be done according to plumbing and building codes to protect the people who live or work in the buildings. Copepod Copepods (meaning "oar feet") are small, shrimp-like crustaceans that swim in seas, lakes, and ponds. Copepods are very important in the food web, and many animals eat them. There are 10 orders of copepods and over 4500 species; a few orders are free-swimming, but many are parasites (of fish). The free-swimming copepods move through the water in jerky motions by moving their swimming legs. Donegal Donegal is a town in County Donegal, Republic of Ireland. There are many sandy beaches in the area round Donegal and the town is used as a base for hill-walking in the nearby Bluestack Mountains. Traditionally the largest employer in the town has been Magee of Donegal, makers of tweed garments. Dingle Dingle is a town in County Kerry, Republic of Ireland. It has a large natural harbour. <br> Young, New South Wales Young is a town in New South Wales, Australia. It is the centre of Young Shire. It is on the Olympic Highway. It is about 2 hours drive from Canberra. Young is in a valley surrounded by hills. In 2001 there were 6,821 people living in Young. Young is known as the Cherry Capital Of Australia and every year hosts the National Cherry Festival. History. The indigenous people of the district were members of the Burrowmunditory tribe, part of the Wiradjuri people. James White was the first European settler in the area. He started Burrangong Station (farm) in 1826 by taking an area of 100 square miles. Gold was found in the area in 1860. Until that time the area was called Lambing Flat. This was an area where sheep were grazed before the gold rush. The town was officially listed in 1861. About 470,000 ounces of gold were sent by the armed gold escort from the goldfields. Up to 20,000 miners were digging for gold including about 2,000 Chinese miners. From November 1860 through to June 1861 European miners attacked Chinese gold miners in the area. This is now known as the Lambing Flat riots. As gold became harder to find, European miners got upset that the Chinese miners were still finding gold. Many Chinese miners were attacked, robbed and killed. They were chased off the goldfields. Eventually the riots were stopped and the Chinese miners had their mining areas given back. The New South Wales Parliament passed the Chinese Immigration Bill. This put a limit on the number of Chinese that could come to New South Wales on any ship. They also had to pay a tax to come New South Wales. In 1889 Young was the first country town in Australia to have electricity for the streets and houses. Young was the first Local Government Area to start a country school bus system in New South Wales Education. There are seven schools in Young: The Lambing Flat Chinese Tribute Gardens. Young Shire Council has started these gardens next to Chinaman’s Dam. This is an old railway dam about 4 km south of Young. They are made to create a peaceful feeling like the Japanese garden at Cowra. Chinaman’s Dam was built in the 1860s by Dutch brothers, Herman and John Tiedeman. They used the water for the sluicing of their Victoria Hill gold claims. In the 1870s, the brothers sold the area, including the dam, to a Chinese group who worked the site. It is in a small gully called Pitstone on Sawpit Gully. In 1882 the NSW government started to build the first part of the Blayney to Demondrille railway line. To provide water for the steam trains, they decided to use the dam and pump water from it to a tank, known as Young Tank, at the 246 mile post. It is not known whether the railways improved the old dam or built a new one. From 1885 to 1901, trains stopped at Young Tank to refill with water. In 1901, trains were able to get water at Young Railway Station. The supply of water came from Chinaman’s Dam. The size of the dam was enlarged in 1911 to hold about 2 million gallons. The dam was a popular spot for swimming. When the town water supply was connected to the Burrinjuck Dam, the railways stopped using Chinaman’s Dam. In 1937 the area turned into a 36-acre park. The Shire Council looks after the gardens. The dam has since been made bigger. Ammunition Ammunition, often called ammo, comes from the French word "la munition". At first it meant all items used for war. This was from the Latin word "munire" (to provide). It now is used only for bullets and other projectiles that are thrown at the enemy by guns, and the gunpowder or other propellant that throws the projectiles. The group word for all types of ammunition is munitions. This means any explosive thing that can be used in combat and includes bombs, missiles, warheads, and mines (landmines, naval mines, and claymore mines). These are made in munitions factories. Ammunition is mainly used to attack a target. Ammunition can include flares and incendiary devices that start fires. Since the invention of the cartridge, ammunition has come to mean the putting of a projectile - the item that is sent to hit the target, and its propellant - the chemical that creates the force, into a single package. Ammunition is a complex subject. It includes many different weapons used by people, such as explosives and propellants, cartridges, high explosive projectiles (HE), warheads, special shells to attack armour and aircraft, carrier projectiles, fuses, mortar ammunition, small arms (revolver and pistol) ammunition, grenades, mines, flares, improved conventional munitions, and computer guided munition. Emirate An emirate is a political territory that is ruled by an emir, a dynastic Arab Monarch. The word emirate or amirate comes from , "Imaarah" ; plural: إمارات, "Imaraat". The United Arab Emirates is a federal state of seven federal emirates, each administered by a hereditary emir, these seven elect the federation's President and Prime Minister. Most emirates have either disappeared or become part of a larger modern state, some changed their rulers' title, e.g. to Malik (Arabic for King) or Sultan. Therefore true emirate-states have become rare. In Arabic the term can be generalized to mean any province of a country that is administered by a member of the ruling class, especially of a member of the royal family, as in Saudi Arabian governorates. Mike Busniuk Mike Busniuk (born December 13, 1951 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He is the younger brother of Ron Busniuk, who played for the Buffalo Sabres. Glasgow Subway The Glasgow Subway is a subway system serving Glasgow, Scotland, UK. Tyne and Wear Metro Tyne and Wear Metro is a rapid transit in Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead, South Tyneside, North Tyneside and Sunderland in United Kingdom. Sydney White Sydney Rae White (born 30 November 1991) is an English actress and singer. Biography. Sydney was born in London on 30 November 1991. She first attended Broomfield House School in Kew. She got her parents to take her to the children's agency Young'uns. After her first audition she was offered the role of Cosette in "Les Misérables". The next year she had four performances per week at London's Palace Theatre while still doing schoolwork. Sydney then auditioned for the Sylvia Young Theatre School. She was accepted and started in September 2002. Sydney lives in West London with her parents, two older brothers (Paul and Adam) and two younger brothers (Cameron and Spike). She also has a dog called Digger. She won a LAMDA award in 2003. She currently stars in the CBBC programme "Young Dracula". She plays one of the main characters, Erin Noble. Discography. Singles. "Sun goes down" (2011) Judicial nullification Judicial nullification is a right of a judge to nullify (make invalid) a law if they feel it is too harsh in a certain situation where it is being applied. During the Constitutional Convention many, including George Mason, Elbridge Gerry and James Wilson felt the courts could decide if a law was unconstitutional, and if so, refuse to enforce it. Other founding fathers including John Francis Mercer, Gouverneur Morris and John Dickinson argued against allowing judges to have that power. The issue was left unanswered. However, when deciding that a new law needed the approval of the president, all attempts to have the judiciary approve new laws were soundly defeated. Judicial Nullification is sometimes used to mean jury nullification. More often it means nullifying a law, legal code or statute by a member of the judiciary. In 1832 South Carolina said a new tariff law was unconstitutional, thus not really a law. Vice President John C. Calhoun agreed, but President Andrew Jackson disagreed. Jackson threatened to send troops. The two sides negotiated. Congress changed the tariff, and South Carolina decided the new law was not against the Constitution. In 2011 the Supreme Court made a ruling that, in essence, says lower court judges can ignore the law. There were three petitions before the Court asking if federal courts need to be stopped from ignoring laws, rules and facts. The Supreme Court refused to grant "certiorari" (a writ seeking judicial review of a matter). In other words, the Court refused to consider the three petitions. Emir Emir (; female: '; emira; (Persian and Urdu: ') "commander" or "general", also "prince"; also transliterated as amir, aamir or ameer) is a high title of nobility or office. It is used throughout the Arab world and historically in some Turkic states and Afghanistan. Emirs are usually considered high-ranking sheiks, but in monarchical states the term is also used for princes; then "emirate" means more or less the same as principality in this context. Emir is used also as a name in Turkey like Emir Niego and Emir Sevinc. "Emir" is the most common spelling in English and many other languages (for example, United Arab Emirates). The spelling "amir", that is closer to the original Arabic, is more common for its compounds (e.g., admiral) and in individual names. Launceston, Tasmania Launceston is a city in Australia. It is the second biggest city in the state of Tasmania. It has about 100,000 people. It is at the place where the North Esk, South Esk and Tamar Rivers meet. It was founded in 1806. Governess A governess is a female person who works for a family, teaching the children in their home. She is not like a nanny who looks after them all day, dressing them etc. The governess's job is to be their teacher. She saw to their discipline and early education. Often girls received all their education from their governess (or sometimes a tutor), though boys usually went away to boarding school before their teen years, and then some went on to college. Very few children nowadays have a governess, but it was quite common in the families of rich people until around the beginning of the 20th century. In England quite a lot of young children who lived in the country, a long way from good schools, had a governess. When the boys were old enough they were sent away to a boarding school. Governesses taught basic skills such as Reading, Writing and Arithmetic. They may also have taught other skills such as French, piano playing and drawing or painting. Sometimes other teachers might be A governess was not a household worker, but she was not treated like a member of the family either. This meant that they were often quite lonely, and they usually ate their meals alone. For girls from a middle class background who were not married it was one of the only ways of earning a living. When the children she taught (her "charges") grew up, she would have to find a new job. Novels of the time were usually about rich families, and a governess often comes into the story, e.g. in Charlotte Brontë's "Jane Eyre" or Anne Brontë's "Agnes Grey". Maria, the main character in "The Sound of Music", leaves the convent and becomes a governess to the children of the von Trapp family. Confederation of the Rhine The Confederation of the Rhine was a client state of First French Empire. It existed from 1806 through 1813. Its ruler was Napoleon I of France, called "Protector of the Federation". It included most of the German states but not the two biggest, Prussia and Austria. The Confederation of the Rhine was one of the successors of Holy Roman Empire and one of the predecessors of the German Confederation. The confederation only lived a few years but it was a precedent for the later unification of Germany. It temporarily unified many of the diverse German states east of the Rhine River. Constant Lambert Leonard Constant Lambert (23 August 1905 – 21 August 1951) was a British composer and conductor. Early years. Lambert’s father was the painter George Washington Lambert who had come to England from Australia. Lambert was often ill when he was a child. He went to school at Christ's Hospital and won a scholarship to the Royal College of Music. He soon became interested in French and Russian music. He became friends with other famous people including the Sitwell family, William Walton, Philip Heseltine and Bernard van Dieren. He and Edith Sitwell were the reciters at a performance of Walton’s "Façade". Lambert was a prodigy: he was composing music for orchestra when he was only 13, and when he was 20 he was asked to write a ballet for Serge Diaghilev's world-famous Ballets Russes ("Romeo and Juliet"). He soon became very famous. His best known work is "The Rio Grande" for piano solo, chorus and orchestra. It has a mixture of musical styles: jazz, habaneras and the influence of Delius and Duke Ellington. Works. During the 1930s he performed a lot as a conductor with the Vic-Wells Ballet (later the Royal Ballet), but he stopped composing music. Lambert thought he had failed as a composer, and only finished two more big works in the last sixteen years of his life. He continued conducting, and appeared at Covent Garden and in BBC broadcasts, and travelled to Europe and America conducting ballets. He was an excellent ballet conductor and helped the dancers to give their best performance. During the war he became ill. He refused to see a doctor. He was working very hard and also drinking a lot. Lambert liked jazz and thought it was an important influence on popular culture of the time. He wrote a book about this, called "Music Ho!" (1934). The book is widely read today, although it shows a very personal approach to music. Lambert was married twice. His first marriage was to Florence Kaye. He later married Isabel Nichols, an artist, in 1947. After Constant Lambert's death, Isabel married the composer Alan Rawsthorne. Lambert died on 21 August 1951. He had pneumonia and it was also found that he had diabetes made worse by alcoholism. Kensington, Calgary Kensington is a neighborhood in Calgary, Alberta. It is around the intersection of Kensington Road and 10th St. NW. The neighborhood hosts "Christmas in Kensington Village" in December, the Sun and Salsa Festival in July, as well as the "Bizarre Bikes & Bazaar" in May. Kensington is home to the Calgary Kookaburras Australian rules football club. Samuel Coleridge-Taylor Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (born London, 15 August 1875; died Croydon, 1 September 1912) was an English composer. Coleridge-Taylor died in Holborn, London. His black father was a doctor from Sierra Leone, his mother was English. His parents were not married. The father went back to Africa by February 1875. He had the job of coroner for the British Empire in the Gambia in the late 1890s. He did not know anything about his son’s existence. Life. Coleridge-Taylor was brought up in Croydon . He studied the violin at the Royal College of Music and composition with Charles Villiers Stanford. In 1899 he married Jessie Walmisley who had been a student with him at the RCM. Her parents did not want her to be married to someone of mixed race. The couple had a son, Hiawatha (1900-1980) and a daughter, Avril, born Gwendolyn (1903-1998). Soon Coleridge-Taylor became known as a composer. Edward Elgar helped him get one of his pieces performed at the Three Choirs Festival. Two months later Stanford conducted the cantata "Hiawatha’s Wedding Feast", the piece for which he is best remembered. He toured the United States in 1904. This made him even more interested in finding out about his racial heritage. He wanted to do for African music what Johannes Brahms had done for Hungarian music and Antonín Dvořák for Bohemian music. He had met the American poet Paul Laurence Dunbar in London and set some of his poems to music. Several people encouraged him to learn more about his heritage. Coleridge-Taylor was a shy man, but he was a very good conductor. He was often asked to adjudicate at music festivals. Coleridge-Taylor was 37 when he died of pneumonia. His widow hardly had any money, but King George V gave her a pension of GB£100, which shows how popular Coleridge-Taylor had been as a composer. A memorial concert was held later in 1912 at the Royal Albert Hall and gathered £300. Coleridge-Taylor's works were often performed by Sir Malcolm Sargent who conducted ten seasons of a costumed ballet version of "Hiawatha" at the Royal Albert Hall between 1928 and 1939 with the Royal Choral Society (600 to 800 singers) and 200 dancers. His music. Coleridge-Taylor's best-known work is his cantata "Hiawatha's Wedding-feast", which was performed very often by choral groups in England during his lifetime and for many years after his death. He wrote several other pieces about Hiawatha: "The Death of Minnehaha", "Overture to The Song of Hiawatha" and "Hiawatha's Departure". He also wrote a lot of chamber music, anthems and other works. The orchestral piece "Petite Suite de Concert" used to be very popular, but its Romanticism sounds a little old-fashioned now. References. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed Stanley Sadie; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro The Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro is a Catholic university based in the neighborhood Gavea in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was founded in 1941 by D. Sebastião Leme and the Rev. Leonel Franca, and was officially recognized in January 15, 1946. The PUC-Rio was one of the first universities that taught Entrepreneurship in the graduation courses in Brazil. Quim Monzó Quim Monzó (born in Barcelona, Spain, in 1952) is a Catalan writer of novels, short stories and discursive prose, mostly in the Catalan language. In the early 1970s, Monzó reported from Vietnam, Cambodia, Northern Ireland and East Africa for newspapers in Barcelona. His fiction is full of irony. His other prose maintains this humor. One collection of his essays, "Catorze ciutats comptant-hi Brooklyn", is notable for its account of New York in the days immediately following September 11. Northern Light Infantry The Northern Light Infantry (NLI) is a Light Infantry Regiment of the Pakistan Army. Headquartered in Gilgit, the capital of Northern Areas, Pakistan, it is the main force protecting the strategically important northern areas of Pakistan. National Command Authority (Pakistan) The National Command Authority (NCA) of Pakistan is the Pakistani organisation responsible for policy formulation. It has control over employment and development for all strategic nuclear forces and strategic organizations. Setting (fiction) A setting is the time, location, and atmosphere (e.g. happy, sad, exciting, frightening, etc.) that a piece of writing is taking place in. National symbols of Pakistan The National symbols of Pakistan (Urdu:); Each Country of the world adopts some signs or emblems, which they regard as the representative of their country traits. "Pakistan" has several “Official National Symbols”. "Pakistanis" have several official National symbols including a historic document, a flag, an emblem, an anthem, a memorial tower as well as several national heroes. The symbols were adopted at various stages in the existence of Pakistan and there are various rules and regulations governing their definition or use. Oldest symbol. The oldest symbol is the Lahore Resolution or "Resolution of Pakistan", adopted by the All India Muslim League on the 23rd of March in 1940, and which presented the formal demand for Greater Autonomy for Muslims in United India, and later led to the demand for a separate and Independent 'Pakistan'. The Minar-e-Pakistan memorial tower which was built in 1968 on the site where the Lahore Resolution was passed in 1940. The national flag was adopted just before independence was achieved on 14 August 1947. The national anthem and the state emblem were each adopted in 1954. There are also several other patriotic symbols including the national animal, bird, flower and tree; and some other things known as "National Identity". The “National symbols” and mostly national things of Pakistan are mentioned and listed here respectively. National identity. The following section introduces you to the natural National Identity Elements of Pakistan. These symbols are intrinsic to the common “Pakistani national identity and heritage”. Pakistanis are known to be are proud of these patriotic National Symbols as they infuse a sense of pride and patriotism in every Pakistan's heart. They have been selected carefully to project the image of Pakistan at its best. These are chosen to reflect Pakistani culture and beliefs and also the positive attributes often associated with Pakistani customs and traditions and ideals that reflect the different aspects of the cultural life and history of the country respectively. These national symbols are mostly the national things from and relating to Pakistan of which are mentioned and listed portrayed elegantly in great detail here: Other Pakistani National and Official Symbols. 1. They exemplify the rich cultural fibre that resides at the core of the country. 2. Infuse a deep sense of pride in the hearts of Pakistani citizens. 3. Represent a quality unique to Pakistan and its citizens. 4. Popularize the object chosen. 5. Help to preserve the chosen national symbol for generations to come. "Here is the detailed information about the National symbols of Pakistan." Sei whale The sei whale ("Balaenoptera borealis") is a dark-gray, stream-lined baleen whale that is found worldwide except in polar waters. It swims in small pods of 3-5 whales but larger groups may form at rich feeding grounds. It has very fine grey-black baleen that traps very small particles of food. It is a rorqual whale (a large baleen whale) that is similar to the Bryde's whales. Description. The Sei whale is also called the Sardine whale, the Pollack whale, the Coalfish whale, the Japan Finner, and Rudolphi's rorqual. Large numbers of these whales were hunted until recently for their oil and meat. It is the fastest of the great whales and can swim at about 23 mph (20 knots) in short bursts. Diet. Sei whales are carnivores that filter-feed plankton (tiny crustaceans like krill, copepods, etc.) and small fish from the water. Vithoba Vithoba is a Hindu god worshipped mainly in the Indian states of Maharashtra and Karnataka. He is also known as Vitthala and Panduranga. He is generally considered a form of the Hindu god Vishnu or Krishna. In stone images and pictures, he is shown as a dark young boy. He stands on a brick with his hands on his waist. His wife Rukmini or Rakhumai stands with him. Vithoba's main temple is at Pandharpur in Maharashtra. It is close to its border with Karnataka. Two Hindu sects, the Varkari sect of Maharashtra and Haridasa sect of Karnataka worship Vithoba as their main god. The Varkari poet-saints have written devotional poems called "abhanga"s in praise of god Vithoba. The abhangas are written in the language Marathi. The Haridasa poets have also written poems, devoted to Vithoba in the Kannada language. The two most important festivals associated with Vithoba are "Shayani Ekadashi" in the Hindu month of Ashadha, and "Prabodini Ekadashi" in the Hindu month of Kartik. Breadalbane, New South Wales Breadalbane () is a small village on the Lachlan River in New South Wales, Australia. It is near Goulburn in the Upper Lachlan Shire. This little town is also on the Hume Highway which links Sydney and Melbourne. The highway used to go through the small town but it was bypassed in the early 1990s. Breadalbane is also on the Sydney-Melbourne railway line. Breadalbane is also near the start of the Federal Highway. This branches off the Hume Highway just south of Goulburn and goes to Canberra in the Australian Capital Territory. Canberra is the capital city of Australia where the Federal Parliament sits. History. Breadalbane is a historic town. There are now only a few houses. In the past there was a hotel, service station and a railway station. These are now closed, although the old hotel and service station buildings are still there. They are now used as private houses. The railway station opened in 1875 and closed in 1974. The signal box was still used until 1979. All trace of the station has been removed, although a loading bank is still standing. There is a memorial at the school to people from Breadalbane who fought in World War II. It has 40 names on it. Hydrofoil A hydrofoil is a type of boat that can lift its hull out of the water with a pair of special wings underwater. These wings are like the wings of an airplane. How it works. When a hydrofoil moves quickly, its wings allow it to fly. When this happens the boat is said to be in "foilborne". The result of flying means less of the boat is touching the water and can make the boat have less drag which allows it to move faster (drag slows a boat down). or special pontoons when going fast keep it out of the water. Gundaroo Gundaroo is a small village in New South Wales, Australia. It is in the Yass Valley Shire. It is built near the Yass River. Gundaroo is about 16 kms north of Sutton and about 15 km west of the Lake George range. About 300 people live there. History. The explorers Charles Throsby and Joseph Wild travelled through the Yass River valley in 1820. The Aborigines called the valley "Candariro" which means "blue crane". This name might be the meaning of the word Gundaroo. Governor Lachlan Macquarie gave the first Europen settler, Peter Cooney, 30 acres in 1825. Other farms were started quickly with about 400 people in the 1840s. The Harrow Inn (hotel) was built in 1834. A post office was built in 1848 and an Anglican church, St Lukes in Upper Gundaroo (now part of a pottery business), in 1849. The first school opened in 1850 and a Police station in 1852. When gold was discovered in the area in 1852 many more people came to the town. Gundaroo has become a place where people who work in Canberra can live. It is a village for tourists from Canberra to visit because of its well cared for historic buildings. Jack Adams John James "Jack" Adams (June 14, 1895 – May 1, 1968) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player, coach and general manager in the National Hockey League and Pacific Coast Hockey Association. He was a Hall of Fame player during a 10 year professional career with Toronto, Vancouver and Ottawa. He is best known for his 36-year association with the Detroit Red Wings of the NHL as coach or general manager. He later became president of the Central Hockey League. Almas Tower Almas Tower is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is 363 meters (1,191 feet) tall and has 68 floors. It was built in 2009 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world. Emirates Office Tower Emirates Office Tower is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is 355 meters (1,163 feet) tall and has 54 floors. It was built in 2000 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world. Emirates Office Tower is next to the Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel, which is also one of the tallest buildings in the world at 309m (1,014ft). Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is 309 meters (1,014 feet) tall and has 56 floors. It was built in 2000 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world. Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel is next to the Emirates Office Tower, which is also one of the tallest buildings in the world at 355m (1,163ft). Jeremy Adduono Jeremy Adduono (born August 4, 1978, in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey winger. He was drafted in the seventh round, 184th overall, by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. Old College, University of Edinburgh Old College is a building in Edinburgh, United Kingdom. It is part of University of Edinburgh. Garage Inc. Garage Inc. is a cover album by American heavy metal band Metallica, released in 1998. It includes recorded cover versions of other artists' songs, all of their b-side covers released up to that point, and the entire "", which had gone out of print since its original release in 1987. The title is a combination of Garage Days Re-Revisited and their song Damage, Inc. Over 5 million copies have been sold in the US as certified by the RIAA. Reception. "Professional reviews": Track listing. Disc one. These tracks were recorded in September-October 1998 for the "Garage Inc." album. Disc two. These tracks are a collection of B-sides from artists Metallica were inspired by throughout the early years of the band. Christmas 1994 nor'easter The Christmas 1994 nor'easter was a strong cyclone along the East Coast of the United States and Atlantic Canada. It developed from an area of low pressure in the southeast Gulf of Mexico near the Florida Keys, and moved across the state of Florida. Meteorological history. A weather system moved towards the southeast from the central Great Plains into the Deep South of the United States. After entering the Gulf of Mexico, the weather system became a cyclone. An approaching trough pushed the system across Florida. A forecaster at the National Hurricane Center, Jack Beven, said that "as it [the storm] moved out into the Bahamas, it appeared to take on the characteristics of a tropical storm." He also noted that because of the uncertainty, the National Hurricane Center did not call the weather system a tropical cyclone. The cyclone was said to be a "hybrid" storm. The cyclone quickly gained strength in warm waters from the Gulf Stream, and because of cold air over the United States. The system continued to become stronger while moving within the Gulf Stream. The storm developed central atmospheric convection, which is unusual for a storm of its type. Extratropical cyclone. Also, the system developed an eye, which is usually seen in tropical cyclones. Even though the cyclone showed signs of a tropical storm, forecaster Jack Beven stated: "There was no front associated with it [the storm] and it had a warm core, but the radius of maximum winds was more than 150 nautical miles [175 mi, 280 km], so under the standard NHC criteria it didn’t qualify as a tropical storm." On December 23 and 24, the nor'easter intensified to attain a barometric pressure of 970|mb. Another low pressure system that developed behind the storm became stronger, and grew to be larger in size than the original storm. Due to the Fujiwhara effect, the large circulation of the secondary low moved the original nor'easter towards the northwest. The nor'easter passed along the south shore of Long Island, and it made landfall near New York City on December 24. Later, it moved over southeastern New York State. On December 25, which is Christmas Day, the system began to lose strength as it moved towards Nova Scotia, before the pair of low pressure systems moved out to sea early on December 26. River Wear The Wear is a river in northeast England. It starts in Wearhead, County Durham and opens up into the North Sea at Sunderland. Industrial past. Much of the River Wear shows the history of the Industrial Revolution. Its upper end runs through lead mining country, until this gives way to coal seams of the Durham coalfield for the rest of its length. As a result of limestone quarrying, lead mining and coal mining, the Wear valley was amongst the first places to see the development of railways. The Weardale Railway continues to run occasional services between Stanhope and Wolsingham. Geology. The upland area of Upper Weardale has a flora which survives from the end of the last Ice Age. After the Ice Age, the Wear valley became thickly forested. During the Neolithic period and increasingly in the Bronze Age, the forests were progressively cleared for agriculture. River Tees The Tees is a river in England. It starts in Cross Fell (a mountain) in the Pennines, and opens up into the North Sea. It forms a border between North Yorkshire and County Durham and also between the towns of Hartlepool and Redcar. It is also 85 miles or 137 kilometres long. High force waterfalls is 7 feet high. The Pennines Way was opened in 1965. Rutland Boughton Rutland Boughton (born Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire 23 January 1878; died London, 25 January, 1960) was an English composer. He was well known in the early 20th century as a composer of opera and choral music. Boughton studied with Charles Villiers Stanford and Walford Davies. He wrote many different kinds of music including symphonies, concertos, part-songs, songs, chamber music and opera. His best known work was the opera "The Immortal Hour". His carol "Bethlehem" (1915) became very popular in England and in many other countries. He was a great admirer of the composer Richard Wagner who had built his own theatre, the Bayreuth Festspielhaus, in the German town of Bayreuth. Boughton wanted to create an "English Bayreuth" at Glastonbury, so he started the series of Glastonbury Festivals that took place from 1914 until 1926. From 1927 until his death in 1960, he lived at Kilcot near Newent, Gloucestershire. Bayreuth Festspielhaus The Bayreuth Festspielhaus ("Bayreuth Festival Theatre") is an opera house in the town of Bayreuth, Germany. The German opera composer Richard Wagner got the opera house built so that his own music could be performed properly. He had lots of ideas about how opera should be performed, and he thought that there was no opera house in Germany that was good enough for performances of his operas. Today it is still the place where every year there is a festival, the Bayreuth Festival, which is dedicated only to the operas of Richard Wagner. King Ludwig II of Bavaria was a great admirer of Richard Wagner and he gave a lot of money for the opera house to be built. Wagner watched the construction all the time and made sure that everything was built in the way he wanted. Work on the building started on 22 May 1872 (Wagner's birthday), and it was ready four years later when, for the first time, all four operas which make up the cycle called "Der Ring des Nibelungen" ("The Ring of the Nibelung"), were performed. The opera house is big enough for an audience of 1,925. One unusual thing is the orchestra pit, which is right under the stage, covered by a hood, so that the orchestra cannot be seen at all by the audience. Wagner wanted the audience to be able to concentrate properly on the action on the stage instead of being distracted by watching the orchestra. It makes it very difficult for the orchestra and the singers to be together, and conductors have to get used to the problem. The Festspielhaus also has a double proscenium, which makes it look as if the stage is farther away than it actually is. Kilmacolm Kilmalcolm is a town in Inverclyde, Scotland, UK. The village has a population of around 4,000 people. Port Glasgow Port Glasgow is a town in Inverclyde, Scotland, UK. Newark Castle stands very close to the shore of the Clyde. The castle dates to around 1484. It is now a visitor attraction maintained by Historic Scotland. Several acres of the Clyde foreshore at Parklea are owned by the National Trust for Scotland. Coronation Park is in the town centre. The park was opened on the site of the West Harbour in 1937 to celebrate the coronation of King George VI. Largs Largs is a town in North Ayrshire, Scotland, UK. It is about from Glasgow. The original name means "the slopes" ("An Leargaidh") in Scottish Gaelic. Dunoon Dunoon is a town in Argyll and Bute, Scotland, UK. Falkland, Fife Falkland is a town in Fife, Scotland, UK. Falkland Palace is in the town. James IV started building it in 1500. It is the best example of French-influenced Renaissance architecture in the United Kingdom. Mary, Queen of Scots came to visit often. A fire happened when Oliver Cromwell's troops stayed in the palace. The fire in 1654 destroyed the East Range. The Court never came back to Falkland Palace after 1665. In the late 19th century rebuilding and restoration work began. Today the palace and gardens are open to the public through the National Trust for Scotland. Saving Abel Saving Abel is an American rock band. It formed in 2004 in Mississippi. Saving Abel makes records for Virgin Records. The band made a studio album in 2006 called "Saving Abel" and released a later self-titled album ("Saving Abel"). The rock band is famous for two songs, Addicted and 18 Days. Carl Reinecke Carl Reinecke (born Altona, Hamburg 23 June 1824; died Leipzig, 10 March 1910) was a Danish-born composer, conductor, and pianist. Reinecke was born near Hamburg, which was part of Denmark at the time. Carl learned music from his father. He was soon playing the piano in public and was composing by the age of twelve. When he was 19 he travelled about giving concerts. He went as far east as Riga. In 1846 he became Court Pianist for King Christian VIII in Copenhagen. He stayed there until 1848, composing four piano concertos as well as concertos for violin, cello, harp and flute. He continued to travel, including to Leipzig where he met Schumann, Mendelssohn and Liszt. In 1851 he became a professor at the Cologne Conservatory. Later he had conducting jobs in Barmen and Breslau. In 1860, Reinecke was made director of the famous Gewandhaus Orchestra concerts in Leipzig, and professor of composition and piano at the Conservatorium. He became director of the Conservatorium and made it one of the best in Europe. He conducted the Gewandhaus Orchestra for 35 years and raised the standard of their playing. He conducted many first performances, including the first complete performance of Brahms's "German Requiem" (1869). Perhaps his best-known piece is the flute sonata "Undine". He taught many famous musicians, including Edvard Grieg, Christian Sinding, Leoš Janáček, Isaac Albéniz, Johan Svendsen, Felix Weingartner and Max Bruch. At the age of 80, Reinecke recorded his playing on piano roll, making him the earliest-born pianist to have his playing recorded in any way. He retired in 1902, but continued to compose until the end of his life. Saving Abel (2008 album) On March 11, 2008, the rock band Saving Abel released their hit studio album called Saving Abel (the second self-titled album). A song in this particular album is featured on Saving Abel's previous studio album called "18 Days". There are two major singles on this album called "Addicted" and "18 Days". The album has 11 studio tracks on it, and 2 original B-Sides. The album was produced by producer Skidd Mills. The album's songs have some of the songs featured on it from the previous self-titled studio album like "18 Days", "Drowning (Face Down)", "Running Away from You", and "Beautiful You". 18 Days "18 Days" is the second single off the 2008 album by Saving Abel called "Saving Abel". The song is also on the previous self-titled album by Saving Abel. The song was released in late 2008 when it took major airplay. Charts. "18 Days" by Saving Abel reached 14 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Modern Rock Tracks. The single also peaked at #8 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks. Dagenham Dagenham is an area of London, United Kingdom. It has been a part of Greater London since 1965. There are mostly places for people to live and few businesses. Grays Grays is a town in Essex, England, UK. It is sometimes called Grays Thurrock. The town is about 20 miles (32 km) to the east of London. It is on the north bank of the River Thames, and near the M25 motorway. Carcoar, New South Wales Carcoar is a town in New South Wales, Australia. It is in the Blayney Shire. In 2006, 218 people lived in Carcoar. It next to the Mid-Western Highway, west of Sydney and south west of Bathurst. It is above sea-level. Carcoar is in a small green valley, with the town on both sides of the Belubula River. Carcoar was once one of the most important government centres in Western New South Wales. The town has been classified by the National Trust. This is because it has a lot of buildings from the 1800s. Carcoar is a Aboriginal word from the Gundungura people meaning either "frog" or "kookaburra". Nearby towns are Blayney, Millthorpe, Mandurama, Neville, Lyndhurst and Barry. History. Settlers. The first people to live in the area were the Gundungura people. The first Europen to travel through the area was surveyor George Evans. He came from Bathurst in 1815 and set up his camp on Coombing Creek. The first settlers arrived in 1821. The first official land grant, 560 acres (2.3 km²), was given to Thomas Icely on 26 May 1829. He named his farm "Coombing Park". In 1838 Thomas Icely asked that a village be started to supply items for his big farm. On 29 September 1839 Carcoar became the third town west of the Blue Mountains. The first land for houses in the town were sold in 1840. By 1850 Carcoar was the second biggest town west of the mountains. It was second in size to Bathurst. It became a banking and government centre for the area. In 1857 the town's public school opened. It is one of the oldest schools in Australia. When gold was found in the west in the 1860s, Carcoar became less important. The government began building a number of important buildings in the late 1870s. At this time, "Coombing Park" was supplying iron ore to the Lithgow steelworks. Railways. Because the town is at the bottom of a steep valley it wasn't suitable for the railway. The railway line went to Blayney north west in 1874. By the early 1880s many people had left the town. Carcoar was joined to the railway line in 1888 when the Blayney-Demondrille Line. In the 1980s train services were stopped between Cowra and Blayney. This included included Carcoar. This section was re-opened by the Lachlan Valley Railway. The LVR run tourist trains, mainly from Cowra to Blayney and Canowindra. They have now moved into general freight haulage. Convicts and bushrangers. Carcoar's was often visited by escaped convicts and bushrangers. They came into the town and robbed many times. In one robbery, German Charley tried to stop Mickey Bourke from stealing a racehorse from the "Coombing Park" stables. He was shot dead by Bourke. Another bushranger, Curran was captured by the local police. The government sent extra police and a magistrate to the town. Frank Gardiner was working in the area after six years gaol for stealing horses. He gave up farm work and started stealing cattle. In 1863 Johnny Gilbert and John O'Meally tried to rob the Commercial Bank. This may be Australia's first daylight bank robbery. Both bushrangers ran away when a bank worker fired a shot into the ceiling of the bank. The Presbyterian Reverend James Adam was held up by Ben Hall. Hall liked the Adam and didn't rob him. Movies and television. The town has been used as a location for many movie and television productions. They include: Gravesend Gravesend is a town in Kent, England, UK. It is on the bank of the river Thames. One of the most famous landmarks in Gravesend is the Clock Tower, a scaled replica of Elizabeth Tower, the tower that houses Big Ben in the Palace of Westminster. Gemma Arterton was born and raised in Gravesend. Some people say Pocahontas is buried there, however there is no of this. Bach Choir The Bach Choir is a world-famous amateur choir based in London. They sing the music of many composers, not just Johann Sebastian Bach. History. The Bach Choir gave its first concert on 26 April 1876 with a performance of Bach’s "Mass in B minor". At this time more and more people in England were becoming interested in the music of Bach, but the "Mass in B minor" had never been performed in England. The conductor Otto Goldschmidt conducted the concert, and afterwards the Choir's committee decided to make The Bach Choir a permanent choir. Otto Goldschmidt was appointed as the Musical Director. In those days all choir members came from rich families (the upper classes). New members had to pass an audition, but they also had to be “proposed” (recommended) by existing members and accepted by the committee. Queen Victoria became Patron of the choir in 1879. The Choir sang music by lots of different composers as well as Bach’s motets, church music and the "Mass in B minor". Goldschmidt resigned in 1885 and Charles Villiers Stanford became conductor. Stanford had already become well known as organist of Trinity College, Cambridge and conductor of the Cambridge University Musical Society. He widened the repertoire of the Choir, and the concerts also included works for orchestra. Hubert Parry composed his popular anthem "Blest Pair of Sirens" for the choir to sing at the Golden Jubilee of the Queen in 1887. The Jubilee concert also included the first London performance of Berlioz's "Te Deum", a work dedicated to the late Prince Consort. 20th century. Towards the end of the nineteenth century changes were made, including regular auditions for existing choir members, and stopping the requirement for new members to be proposed. Henry Walford Davies became the conductor. He improved the choir which was then taken over by Hugh Allen in 1908. Hugh Allen found himself conducting a choir which included the young Ralph Vaughan Williams, who had joined in 1903 and Adrian Boult, who joined around 1914. Allen was strict, but good, and during his time as conductor the Choir gave many important first London performances including Vaughan Williams' "Toward the Unknown Region" and "A Sea Symphony" and Parry's "Songs of Farewell". When Allen resigned in 1921 his place was taken by Ralph Vaughan Williams who had by then become a famous composer. He had a gentler approach than Allen. He stayed until 1928 when he left to be able to work more on composition. In his place the Choir appointed Gustav Holst, but he became ill and was never able to take up his post. Instead, Adrian Boult took over for three years. During his time it became tradition to perform Bach’s "St Matthew Passion" every year. This tradition continues today. Boult was replaced by Reginald Jacques (pronounced: “Jakes”), who had been a pupil of Hugh Allen at Oxford. Jacques stayed until 1960. He managed to keep the Choir going through World War II, and the annual Carol Concerts became part of their tradition. They made a recording of the "St Matthew Passion" which filled 42 sides of the old 78 rpm. gramophone records. Jacques was followed by David Willcocks who led the Choir almost to the end of the century. He broadened the Choir’s repertoire, and they gave the first London concert hall performance of Britten's War Requiem, conducted by Britten himself, with Galina Vishnevskaya, Peter Pears and Tom Krause (who replaced Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau at the last minute) as soloists. The Choir then recorded the work and this recording sold more than 200,000 copies in the first five months. Willcocks took the Choir on tours to many parts of the world. His last performance was in 1998. The Choir today. Today the Choir is conducted by David Hill. As well as spending much of his time with The Bach Choir, he is also conductor of the BBC Singers. The choir continues to do new things, such as giving world premieres of new music, as well as keeping up the tradition of performing the "St Matthew Passion" every spring at the Royal Festival Hall. References. Basil Keen: "The Bach Choir - The First Hundred Years" (Ashgate) Oban Oban is a town in Argyll and Bute, Scotland, UK. Argyll and Bute Argyll and Bute is a council area of Scotland, UK, is one of 32 unitary authority council areas in Scotland and a lieutenancy area. The administrative centre for the council area is in Lochgilphead. Argyll and Bute covers the second-largest administrative area of any Scottish council. The council area adjoins those of Highland, Perth and Kinross, Stirling and West Dunbartonshire. Its border runs through Loch Lomond. The present council area was created in 1996, when it was carved out of the Strathclyde region, which was a two-tier local government region of 19 districts, created in 1975. Argyll and Bute merged the existing Argyll and Bute district and one ward of the Dumbarton district. The Dumbarton ward, called 'Helensburgh and Lomond', included the burgh of Helensburgh and consisted of an area to the west of Loch Lomond, north of the Firth of Clyde and mostly east of Loch Long. Halesowen Halesowen is a town in West Midlands of England. Historically, it is part of Worcestershire. The population of the town in the 2001 census was 55,273. The centre of Halesowen has a Norman church, St John's Church. It was built in 1083 on the site of an Anglo-Saxon church. It was founded by Earl Rodger de Montgomery. The building of the spire at St John's Church started at the end of the 1st century and is shows evidence of Norman origin even though there have been many alterations to it. The King of Fighters The King of Fighters is a fighting game released by SNK for the Neo Geo arcade and home consoles. It is the first game of "The King of Fighters" series, done by the same company. The game is a fictional crossover with many characters from SNK's previous fighting games, "Fatal Fury" and "Art of Fighting". There are even modernized versions of their pre-Neo Geo games: "Ikari Warriors" and "Psycho Soldier". There are also original characters in this series. The game was converted for Neo Geo AES and Neo Geo CD after the releases for Arcade. In 2004, to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the series, SNK released a remake titled "The King of Fighters '94 Rebout", featuring the original game and a newer version with high definition graphics. 102 Dalmatians 102 Dalmatians (known as "102" in Japan) is a 2000 live-action movie produced by The Walt Disney Company with Glenn Close acting as the protagonist, Cruella de Vil. It is a sequel to the 1996 movie "101 Dalmatians", which was a live-action remake of the 1961 Disney animated movie "One Hundred and One Dalmatians". In the movie, Cruella de Vil attempts to steal puppies for her making a fur coat. Glenn Close and Tim McInnerny were the only actors from "101 Dalmatians" to return for this sequel. The film was released on VHS and DVD on April 3, 2001, and re-released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on September 16, 2008. The story. After a spot of therapy Cruella De Vil is released from prison a changed woman. Devoted to dogs and good causes, she is delighted that Chloe, her parole officer, has a dalmatian family and connections with a dog charity. But the sound of Big Ben can reverse the treatment so it is only a matter of time before Ms De Vil is back to her incredibly ghastly ways, using her new-found connections with Chloe and friends. Box office. The movie did well at the box office, earning $66,957,026 in the US and $116,654,745 in other countries, bringing its total to $183,611,771 worldwide. This is less than the first movie which earned $320,689,294 worldwide. Video game. A video game was released, with Frankie Muniz as the voice of Domino. Cruella de Vil Cruella De Vil (obviously a play on "cruel" and "devil") is the villain in the Dodie Smith book The Hundred and One Dalmatians who kidnaps (dognaps) the puppies for their fur. She is described as having one half of her hair white and the other half black, an extreme fondness for pepper and a preference for elevated temperatures. In the 1961 Disney animated movie her voice was played by Betty Lou Gerson. The movie featured a song about her sung by Roger whose lyrics begin: Later, in the 1996 live-action remake, and its 2000 sequel, "102 Dalmatians", she was played by Glenn Close. Shortly afterward, Cruella was a regular viallian in ', where she was voiced by April Winchell. This time, though, she wanted to steal the Dearly Farm, seeing how killing animals for fashion was deemed politically incorrect. However, she returned to hunting dogs in "House of Mouse" (which features an ongoing joke in which she inspects dogs from other Disney movies with a measuring ruler) and ', both of which had Susanne Blakeslee as her voice. 101 Dalmatians (1996 movie) 101 Dalmatians is a movie made by The Walt Disney Company in 1996. It is a remake of the 1961 animated movie "One Hundred and One Dalmatians" (which was based on Dodie Smith's 1956 novel "The Hundred and One Dalmatians"). The movie's main actor is Glenn Close as Cruella de Vil. Unlike in the earlier versions of the story, the dalmatians are played by real dalmatian actors, and none of the dalmatians talk. A sequel, "102 Dalmatians", was made in 2000 and was released in November. This movie is called simply "101" in Japan, like its sequel, which is called "102". Release. "101 Dalmatians" was released on VHS on April 15, 1997 and as a DVD on December 12, 2000. Because many people bought the DVD, Disney re-released the film on September 16, 2008 in the United States. Box office. The movie made lots of money when it was in movie theatres, earning $136,189,294 in the United States and $184,500,000 in other places, bringing its worldwide total to $320,689,294. African wildcat The African wildcats ("Felis silvestris lybica") are small, fierce cats that live in forests, grasslands, and brush lands in Africa and the Middle East. They are the closest living relatives of the domestic cat. It is a wildcat subspecies which occurs across northern Africa and extends around the edges of the Arabian Peninsula to the Caspian Sea. It is the most common and widely distributed wild cat, and is listed as "Least Concern" by IUCN since 2002. The African wildcat appears to have diverged from the other subspecies about 131,000 years ago. Some individual African wildcats were first domesticated about 10,000 years ago in the Middle East, and are the ancestors of the domestic cat. Remains of domesticated cats were found in human burials in Cyprus, done by Neolithic farmers about 9,500 years ago. Hybrids between domestic cats and African wildcats are still common today. Description. African wildcats are generally crepuscular, hunting at dawn and dusk. They are diurnal (most active during the day) during very cold weather. They are very good climbers. African Wildcats live for 12 to 15 years. They are about 50 percent larger than domesticated (tame) cats. Diet. African wildcats are carnivores, like all cats. These fast, solitary hunters eat small to medium-sized mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs, invertebrates, and eggs. Gale A gale is a very strong wind. The Beaufort scale is a way to measure weather conditions. It is based on observations. The first level of the scale that uses the word gale is 7 beaufort (of a total of 13 steps). There are other definitions as well. The U.S. Government's National Weather Service defines a gale as 34 to 47 knots (63 km/h to 87 km/h or 39 miles per hour to 54 miles per hour) of sustained surface winds. Forecasters usually issue gale warnings when they think there will be winds of this strength. Other sources use speeds as low as and as high as . The definition is rare. A common alternative definition of the maximum is . Marin Marais Marin Marais (31 May 1656, Paris – 15 August 1728, Paris) was a French composer and viol player. He is regarded as one of the great French musicians of the Baroque. Marais, the son of a poor shoe maker, was educated in a choir school were he was taught to play the viol. He then learnt from Monsieur de Sainte-Colombe, a famous bass viol player. In six months he was said to be better than his teacher. In 1675, aged 19, he joined the orchestra of the Paris Opera. This was where he met Jean-Baptiste Lully, who was the director of the Opera. Lully taught him to compose music. Marais often conducted the operas Lully had written. Marais was hired as a musician in 1676 to play at the royal court of Versailles. He did quite well as court musician. In 1679 he was appointed "ordinaire de la chambre du roy pour la viole", a title he kept until 1725. He was a master of the basse de viol. He wrote a lot of music for that instrument, he was the most important French composer for it. He wrote five books of "Pièces de viole" (1686-1725). Most of the pieces in the book are suites with basso continuo. These were quite popular in the court, and for these he was remembered in later years as he who "founded and firmly established the empire of the viol" (Hubert Le Blanc, 1740). His other works include a book of "Pièces en trio" (1692) and four operas (1693-1709). "Alcyone" (1706) is well known for its storm scene. Marais became the conductor of the Paris Opera in 1706, but after the failure of his 1709 opera, "Sémélé" he gradually withdrew from public life. He married Catherine d'Amicourt, on 21 September 1676. They had 19 children together. Two of the children, Vincent Marais and Roland Marais also became famous musicians, as well as his grandson, Nicolas Marais. Titon du Tillet wrote about Marais in his book "Le Parnasse françois". He describes a piece from Marais' fourth book called "The Labyrinth", which goes through lots of keys. The notes which are often dissonant, sometimes fast, sometimes slow, describe a man caught in a labyrinth. Eventually the man comes out of it happily and the music finishes with a gracious and natural chaconne. Another piece called "La Gamme" [The Scale], very gradually goes up the steps of the octave and then down again. Facsimiles of all five books of Marais' "Pièces de viole" are published by Éditions J.M. Fuzeau. A complete critical edition of his instrumental works in seven volumes, edited by John Hsu, is published by Broude Brothers. References in Film. Marais and his music were featured in the movie "Tous les matins du monde" (1991). The movie shows a detailed, imagined life of Monsieur de Sainte-Colombe. Marais' music is heard a lot, including his longer work "Sonnerie de Ste-Geneviève du Mont-de-Paris" (1723). A recording of the Sonnerie performed on a Fairlight synthesizer was used in the cult classic film "Liquid Sky". Camberley Camberley is a town in Surrey, England, UK. It is close to the border with Hampshire. Petersfield, Hampshire Petersfield is a town in Hampshire, England, UK. It is close to the border with West Sussex. Petersfield is a historic market town in the South Downs National Park. There is a market held in the town square every Wednesday and Saturday, with a monthly farmers market on a Sunday. The town was started at the end of the 11th century by the Normans. The Church of St.Peter was built in 1120. Waterlooville Waterlooville is a town in Hampshire, England, UK. It is not far from Portsmouth. Havant Havant is a town in Hampshire, England, UK. It is between the cities of Portsmouth and Chichester. Havant is a very old town but it is still in perfect shape. Steyning Steyning is a town in West Sussex, England, UK. It is west of the smaller villages of Bramber and Upper Beeding. It is not far north from Lancing and Shoreham-by-Sea on the South Coast. Steyning has a high street with many shops, ranging from the Co-op to Sussex Produce. There is a primary school, secondary school and a sixth form. There is a bed and breakfast hotel called, Springwells. Lancing, West Sussex Lancing has a really big library Lancing has a short station West Sussex, England, UK. It is to the south-east of Sompting and to the south-west of Shoreham-by-Sea. There is a private school called Lancing College here. Bognor Regis Bognor Regis is a town in Arun, West Sussex, England, UK. In 2001 there were 22,555 people living in Bognor Regis. It has a beach, where Butlins is situated. Burgess Hill Burgess Hill is a town in West Sussex, England, UK. It is not far from the border with East Sussex. It is 38 miles (62 km) south of London, 10 miles (16 km) north of Brighton and Hove, and 29 miles (47 km) east-northeast of the county town of Chichester. It had a population of 28,803 at the time of the 2001 Census. Other nearby towns include Haywards Heath to the north and Lewes, the county town of East Sussex, to the east. Burgess Hill is mainly situated just on the West Sussex side of the border dividing the two counties. Parts of the town are across the county boundary in East Sussex. History. Early history. Although a Roman road was built joining London to the South coast and passing through what is now Burgess Hill, there is no evidence that the Romans settled in the area. From the fourteenth century or earlier the annual Midsummer Fair was held on this common land on 24th June and the last such sheep and lamb fair was held in 1913. With the development of the London to Brighton mainline railway, however, those in the business soon realised that taking sheep by train was much cheaper and easier than using the old roadways. Most of the animal trading business began to revolve around rail side markets such as those at Hassocks, Haywards Heath and Lewes train stations. By the start of the 20th century, the animal trading business had all but left the Burgess Hill area. 1700 to 1900. By the early seventeenth century there was a lot of small brick and tile making companies and during this time pieces of common land were given for house building and small businesses. By the early eighteenth century brick making had been extended and four shops and one or two drinking houses were established on the common. Brickmaking by hand still happened until very recently, by Keymer Tiles (formerly the Keymer Brick and Tile company) whose tiles can be found in buildings such as St. James Church, Piccadilly and Manchester Central Station (now G-Mex). The growth of Brighton in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries brought in professional people looking for places to live. Between 1850 and 1880 the area changed from a small rural settlement to a town of 4,500 residents. In 1897 the Victoria Pleasure Gardens were opened by local household name Edwin Street, a well-known farmer and butcher. The gardens were opened in honour of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, and contained a large lake, and what can only be described as a small early version of a roller coaster, known as a switchback . The lake was used for boating in the summer, and skating in the winter. The frozen lake was always tested by Mr Street, a man of 23 stone, before being used in the winter. This area is now the Victoria Business Park. 1900 to present day. The town gradually grew bigger, having its largest population increase between the years of 1951 and 1961, when the population of about 7,000 residents almost doubled. This earned Burgess Hill the title of fastest growing town in the south-east. By 1956, the Victoria Industrial Estate was completed, and has since expanded. It now contains the local headquarters of two large international companies. In 1986 a smaller industrial estate to in the north of the town developed, known as Sheddingdean Industrial Estate. Both Sheddingdean and Victoria have now been renamed as business parks. Housing estates played their part in building up the population of Burgess Hill throughout the second half of the 20th century; in the west of the town they provided a wide mix of new residents; many of them young families and the Folders Lane estate more families settled, along with some richer residents. The next substantial development was Priory Village in the south west of Burgess Hill, sometimes known as the Tesco estate, due to its proximity to the supermarket. Again, this brought in a mix of incomes, again, many of them young families. It must be noted that as well as the aforementioned developments, there have been two council estates built in the town - one close to Cants Lane, in the town's north east, and the area around Denham Road in the west, both of course adding to the ever rising population of the town. Although now part of the town, World's End, to the north of the town, was originally a separate community. It still retains its own shops and community association, and is served by Wivelsfield railway station. Governance. Burgess Hill has a Conservative member of parliament. Education. There are ten schools for children aged up to 11 years and four schools for children aged 11–16/18. Religious sites. There are a total of 9 churches and a Christian centre in Burgess Hill. Burgess Hill is also home to the Mid Sussex Christian Centre. Recreation. In the town centre there is a large park (St. John's), and many other smaller recreation grounds around the town. There is a substantial leisure centre on the northern edge of Burgess Hill named the Triangle. Sport. Burgess Hill Town Football Club plays football (soccer)and plays its home games at Leylands Park. Burgess Hill Rugby Football Club, or The Sussex All Blacks, are the local Rugby Football club. There is also a Squash Club that plays at the Triangle Leisure Centre every Saturday and Monday, and has a team that plays in the East Sussex County League. There is also a Running Club that meet at the Burgess Hill School for Girls every Wednesday evening. Members compete in local and national charity and fun races. The Skate Park in the centre of town provides sporting opportunities, and holds an annual competition. The Triangle (or Olympos Burgess Hill as it has been rechristened) is one of the venues in the South East supporting the London 2012 Olympic Games, and will serve as a base and training centre for teams from around the globe. Town Twinning. Burgess Hill's twin towns are: A square in Schmallenberg has been named Burgess Hill Platz. Westhampnett Westhampnett (sometimes known as Goodwood) is a village in West Sussex, England, UK. It is not far from Chichester. It is where Rolls-Royce Motor Cars is based. They also have a plant there. Haywards Heath Haywards Heath is a town in West Sussex, England, UK. It is not far from the border with East Sussex. Lewes Lewes (pronounced "Lewis") is a town in East Sussex, England, UK. A battle was fought there in 1264. Lewes has lots of restaurants, cafés, pubs, hotels, jobs, and lots more. This attracts lots of people to visit the Town in East Sussex. Lewes has the most historical features of all of Sussex. In 2001 it had the population of 15,988 and it is still growing. It had its own battle called Battle Of Lewes in 1264, during the reign of Henry III. Uckfield Uckfield is a town in Wealden, East Sussex, England, UK. It is on the River Uck. In 2001 there were 13,697 people living in Uckfield. Bexhill-on-Sea Bexhill-on-Sea is a seaside town in East Sussex, England, UK. It is between Eastbourne and Hastings. It is home to St. Richard's Catholic College. Royal Tunbridge Wells Royal Tunbridge Wells is a town in Kent, England, UK. It is not far from the border with East Sussex. It should not be confused with Tonbridge, a smaller town to the north. Folkestone Folkestone is a seaside town in Kent, England, United Kingdom. It has a Eurostar train terminal near it, in Ashford. But the channel tunnel is in Folkestone. It is has a pebble beach and sandy beach and there are cliffs. Lundy Lundy is an island off the coast of Devon, England, UK. It has a very small population. In the 1930s the owner sold stamps and coins as if Lundy was an independent country. You can hire cottages on this island to stay in for a week or so. You can get to Lundy by helicopter or a ferry in the summer. Westward Ho! Westward Ho! is a village on the north coast of Devon, England, UK. It is the only place in the British Isles to have an exclamation mark (!) in its name. The name comes from the novel of the same name by Charles Kingsley. Another example of a place name with a exclamation mark in its name is Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!, Quebec (Canada). But these are colloquial, unlike Westward Ho!'s. Bude Bude is a coastal town in Cornwall, England, UK. It is at the mouth of the River Neet. Bude is surrounded by beautiful beaches such as Summerleaze Beach, Widemouth Bay, Crooklets Beach and Blackrock Beach. The River Neet runs through the town. Bude is a very popular location for tourists especially in the summer. The Bude Canal is a disused canal. Padstow Padstow is a small town in Cornwall, England, UK. It is at the mouth of the River Camel. It is a fishing port and is well known for the 'Obby 'Oss (hobby horse) ceremony which is celebrated on May Day every year. A ferry connects Padstow with the village of Rock on the opposite side of the Camel estuary. Pima County, Arizona Pima County is one of the 15 counties in the US state of Arizona. The county seat is Tucson which has the second most people in the state. Aviemore Aviemore (; meaning "The big [mountain] face") is a town in Highlands of Scotland, UK. It is also a tourist area. Geography. Climate. Aviemore has an oceanic climate (Köppen: "Cfb"). It has cool temperatures and rainfall throughout the year. The highest temperature ever was on 28 June 2018. Swansea Swansea (Welsh: Abertawe), officially the City and County of Swansea (Welsh: Dinas a Sir Abertawe), is a city and county in Wales. It is Wales' second largest city and the largest in Cardiff. It is in the country's south coast. It has a temperate oceanic climate, with the most rain of any city in the United Kingdom. The city has a population of around 240,000. History. Swansea was built in the early 12th century by the Normans. A castle was built here and a town started to form around it. John Ireland John Ireland (born near Manchester, 13 August 1879; died Washington, Sussex, 12 June 1962) was an English composer. He is particularly remembered for his "Piano Concerto" and for his church music, especially the anthem "Greater love hath no man", the song "The Holy Boy" and the hymn tune to "My song is love unknown". He had an unhappy childhood, and he always felt unsure of himself and rather lonely. Life. John Ireland was born in Bowdon, Greater Manchester. His father, who was 70 years old, was a publisher who owned a newspaper. He had married for a second time after his wife had died, and John was the youngest of five children from the second marriage. His mother was 30 years younger than her husband. When John was 14 his mother died, and his father died the next year. John Ireland studied piano and organ at the Royal College of Music. Later he also had composition lessons from Charles Villiers Stanford. He later became a teacher at the College himself. His pupils included the composers Alan Bush and Geoffrey Bush (who were not related), Ernest Moeran and Benjamin Britten. Geoffrey Bush later helped to prepare a lot of Ireland’s works for publication. Ireland mostly made his living as an organist and choirmaster. Ireland enjoyed going to the Channel Islands. He liked the landscapes there. He was evacuated from them just before the German invasion during World War II. John Ireland married once, but his marriage only lasted a few months. On 10 September 1949, his 70th birthday was celebrated in a special Prom concert. The soloist in the "Piano Concerto" was the pianist Eileen Joyce, who later made the first gramophone recording of the concerto. Ireland retired in 1953. He moved to a tiny village in Sussex, where he lived in an old windmill which had been changed into a home. He died aged 82 in Washington, Sussex of heart failure. Music. John Ireland was never much influenced by folksong like many other English composers of his time. His music is more related to Impressionism. He liked the music of French composers such as Debussy and Ravel as well as Igor Stravinsky and Bartók. His "Piano Concerto" is one of his best works. It shows that he developed his own personal style of harmony. Most of his other good works are short pieces, including many for piano solo. His best-known piece is the song "The Holy Boy". It is heard in many different arrangements. His songs to poems by A. E. Housman, Thomas Hardy, Christina Rossetti, John Masefield, Rupert Brooke and others, are among some of the best English art songs.. He also wrote hymns, carols, and other sacred choral music; among choirs he is probably best known for the anthem "Greater love hath no man", often sung in services that remember the victims of war. Another choral work, "These things shall be" expresses his deepest hopes for mankind, although in his last years he said that he hated the work. Bathgate Bathgate is a town in West Lothian, Scotland, 5 miles (8 km) west of Livingston and adjacent to the M8 motorway. Nearby towns are Armadale, Blackburn, Linlithgow, Livingston, West Calder and Whitburn. Situated 2 miles (3 km) south of the ancient Neolithic burial site at Cairnpapple Hill, Bathgate and the surrounding area show signs of habitation since about 3500 BC. Joint Typhoon Warning Center The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force. It is at the Naval Maritime Forecast Center in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Dwarf elephant Dwarf elephants are prehistoric elephants which lived in the Pleistocene period. They are an example of island dwarfism. Fossil remains of dwarf elephants have been found on the Mediterranean islands of Cyprus, Malta, Crete, Sicily, Sardinia, the Cyclades Islands and Dodecanese islands. Other islands where dwarf elephants have been found are Sulawesi, Flores, Timor and other islands of the Lesser Sundas and the Channel Islands of California. They are considered to be one of the only elephant of the Mediterranean islands belonging to the mammoth line. Kwajalein Atoll Kwajaein (; Marshallese: ) is part of the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI). It is one of the world's largest coral atolls as measured by area of enclosed water. Bo'ness Bo'ness (short for Borrowstouness) is a town in the Falkirk council area of Scotland, UK. Bo'ness is well known for its iron. Even if Bo'ness is the form of name it's known for and being used on road signs, its original name Borrowstounness. Name history. The usage of the name dates back to the early 1400s when the Burgh of Linlithgow built a harbour on a broad promontory (or "ness"). The "burgh's town on the ness" then became Borrowstounness. It eventually became known as Bo'ness. David Hart Smith Harry Smith (born August 2, 1985) is a Canadian professional wrestler of English descent who currently works for New Japan Pro Wrestling under the name Davey Boy Smith, Jr.. He also worked for World Wrestling Entertainment. He wrestled on the ECW brand using the name David Hart Smith, as a member of The Hart Dynasty, alongside Tyson Kidd and Natalya. He has wrestled on its Raw brand and in Florida Championship Wrestling under the name DH Smith ("D" for Davey Boy Smith, and "H" for the Hart family). On August 5, 2011, WWE released him from his wrestling contract. He currently holds the PWA World Heavyweight title. His grandfather is Stu Hart who was a wrestling promoter. His father was Davey Boy Smith. His first public wrestling match was at age 10. He started wrestling professionally on February 22, 2002 at age 16 and has been continuing since then. In wrestling. Entrance music Kilwinning Kilwinning is a town in North Ayrshire, Scotland, UK. It is known as The Crossroads of Ayrshire. Lasswade Lasswade is a town in Midlothian, Scotland, UK. It is between Loanhead and Dalkeith. It merged (joined) with Bonnyrigg in 1929. West Lothian West Lothian is a council area in Scotland, United Kingdom. The county town is Livingston. Susan Boyle is from here. The term "West Lothian question" was coined by Enoch Powell MP in 1977 after Tam Dalyell, the Labour MP for the Scottish constituency of West Lothian, raised the matter repeatedly in House of Commons debates on devolution. Midlothian Midlothian is the names of two areas in Scotland, UK: The county of Midlothian includes the City of Edinburgh. Edinburgh is a council area on its own and so the council area of Midlothian is the area of the county with Edinburgh and some hills in the south cut off. East Lothian East Lothian is a council area in Scotland, UK. The administrative centre is Haddington. The largest town is Musselburgh. Falkirk Council The Falkirk council area is one of 32 council areas of Scotland. It was formed on 1 April 1996. Frank Bridge Frank Bridge (born Brighton, 26 February 1879; died Eastbourne, 10 January 1941) was an English composer, violist and conductor. His music often sounded quite modern to the people of his day. He wrote many excellent works including chamber music as well as orchestral music. One of his composition pupils was Benjamin Britten. Later Britten remembered his teacher by using one of Bridge’s tunes and making them into a piece of music called "Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge". Life. Bridge was born in Brighton and studied at the Royal College of Music in London from 1899 to 1903. One of his teachers was Charles Villiers Stanford. He played the viola in several string quartets and conducted many orchestras. He learned difficult music very quickly, and sometimes Henry Wood asked him to take his place when he was not well enough to conduct himself. After a while he spent most of his time composing. He privately taught several pupils, including Benjamin Britten, who later helped to make his teacher's music better known and honoured him in his "Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge" for string orchestra (1937), based on a theme from the second of Bridge's "Three Idylls for String Quartet" (1906). Bridge died in Eastbourne. Music. Bridge’s early works show the influence of Johannes Brahms and Charles Villiers Stanford. He wrote some excellent chamber music and songs. The "Phantasie Quartet" and the "String Quartet no 1" show his talent. His later pieces such as the third (1926) and fourth (1937) string quartets have quite complicated harmonies and show his interest in the music of Schoenberg as well as the harmonies of Maurice Ravel and Alexander Scriabin. His most important orchestral works include "The Sea" and "Summer". He wrote some lovely chamber music for the cello as well as many songs. In his later years his harmonies become quite advanced, for example a favourite chord of his can be found by playing a C minor chord and a D major chord together. In his longer pieces the speed of the music often changes and he avoids repeating himself exactly. For a long time after his death his music was hardly ever played, but more recently musicians have discovered the greatness of his compositions. Pianists like to play the popular piano piece called "Rosemary". Auchtertool Auchtertool is a village in Fife, Scotland, UK. It is on the B925 Road between Dunfermline and Kirkcaldy. Cowdenbeath Cowdenbeath is a town in Fife, Scotland, UK. It is well known for Mossmorran, an oil refinery. It is on the A92 Road. It is home to the local football team Cowdenbeath F.C. Moray Moray is a council area in Scotland, UK. South Ayrshire South Ayrshire is one of 32 council areas of Scotland, UK. The largest town is Ayr. Angus Angus is a county on the North Sea and on the northern shore of the Firth of Tay in Scotland, United Kingdom. Angus is also the name of a council area. The county town of Angus is Forfar, but its largest town is Dundee. Dundee is not part of the council area but is a council area on its own. Industry. Angus is also well known for its breed of cattle much used in beef production. The Angus cattle were developed from cattle native to the counties of Aberdeenshire and Angus, and are now found in most parts of the world. Clackmannanshire Clackmannanshire is a British county and a council area in Scotland. It lies north of the River Forth, between Perthshire to the north and Fife to the south. Clackmannanshire is the smallest county in the United Kingdom. The second smallest, Kinross-shire, lies net to it. Some villages/places in the county: Clackmannan, Alloa, Dollar, Tillicoultry, Tullibody Selby Selby is a town in North Yorkshire, England, UK. There was a great fire there in 1906. It is not far from the border with the East Riding of Yorkshire. Goole Goole is a town and inland port in the East Riding of Yorkshire of England, UK. It is near to the border with North Yorkshire. Burnley Burnley is a town in Lancashire, England, UK. It is not far from the border with West Yorkshire. Industry. Burnley is a large market town in the north west of England. It has a population of about 70,000. It lies approximately 34 km north of Manchester and 40 km east of Preston at the confluence of the River Calder and River Brun. Burnley grew larger during the industrial revolution when it was home to many cotton mills and was one of the world’s largest producers of cotton cloth. Location. Burnley lies along the M65, east of Accrington, Blackburn and Preston where it joins the M6. Lots of people use this motorway to go to these, and other large settlements like Manchester. It is surrounded by other small towns such as Padiham, Todmorden and Nelson. Many people come to Burnley from these settlements to shop and work. Burnley has a range of shops including: Since the mills closed, Burnley has become one of the poorest towns in Britain. Houses in Burnley are on average the cheapest in the UK. People. Burnley has produced many celebrities, including Ian McKellen and Ryan Simonds. Broadstairs Broadstairs is a town in Kent, England, UK. It is between the bigger towns of Margate and Ramsgate. Street, Somerset Street is a town in Somerset, England, UK. It is to the south of Glastonbury. The River Brue makes the boundary with Glastonbury. Warminster Warminster is a town in Wiltshire, South West England. It is to the south of Westbury and to the east of Frome. Wisbech Wisbech is a town in Cambridgeshire, England, United Kingdom. It is not far from the border with Norfolk. Pant, Shropshire Pant is a small village in Shropshire in England. It is in the civil parish of Llanymynech and Pant. It is located on the border with Powys in Wales. It is situated 15 miles north west of Shrewsbury, the county town. In the 2011 census, the village's population was listed under the civil parish's population, which was 2,100 people. The village's name means "hollow" in Welsh. Southport Southport is a coastal town in Merseyside, England, UK. It is on the border with Lancashire. Central Central means the center of something. It can also mean: National Hockey League rivalries There have been many rivalries between teams in the National Hockey League (NHL). Rivalries have started up for many different reasons, the most common ones include: the teams being in the same area, knowing each other, violence during the game, and culture related reasons or national pride. Puck Puck may refer to: Belves Belves is a former commune in the Dordogne Department in the south-west of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Pays-de-Belves. Arrondissement of Tournon-sur-Rhône The arrondissement of Tournon-sur-Rhône is an arrondissement of France. It is part of the Ardèche "department". Its capital is the city of Tournon-sur-Rhône, a subprefecture of the department. History. When the Ardèche department was created on 4 March 1790, the "arrondissement" of Tournon-sur-Rhône (with the name of just Tournon) was part of that original department. Geography. The "arrondissement" of Tournon-sur-Rhône is bordered to the north by the Loire department, to the northeast by the Isère department, to the east by the Drôme department, to the south by the "arrondissement" of Arrondissement of Privas, to the southwest by the "arrondissement" of Arrondissement of Largentière and to the west by the Haute-Loire department. It is the most northern "arrondissement" of Ardèche. It has an area of , with a population of 135,786 inhabitants and a density of inhabitants/km². Composition. Cantons. After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the "arrondissements" so they could have "communes" that belong to different "arrondissements". In the "arrondissement" of Tournon-sur-Rhône, there are 6 cantons whose "communes" are in the "arrondissement": Annonay-1, Annonay-2, Guilherand-Granges, Lamastre, Sarras and Tournon-sur-Rhône. The Canton of Le Cheylard has 13 "communes" in the "arrondissement" of Privas and 33 in Tournon-sur-Rhône, and the Canton of La Voulte-sur-Rhône has 9 "communes" in Tournon-sur-Rhône and 8 in Privas. Communes. The "arrondissement" of Tournon-sur-Rhône has 120 "communes"; they are (with their INSEE codes): The "communes" with more inhabitants in the "arrondissement" are: WWE Tribute to the Troops The WWE Tribute to the Troops is a televised event held every year since 2005 by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) in December around Christmas and Hanukkah. The wrestlers and employees of the WWE travel to Iraq and Afghanistan to honor the United States military. The event features wrestlers from "Raw", "SmackDown", and "Extreme Championship Wrestling" (ECW) brands competing in matches against each other. They hold a televised episode of "Raw" on an open field for any troop member to attend for free. Along the travel, wrestlers and employees stop at autograph sessions and local hospitals to visit those who fight and may have been injured in war. Walter Reed Army Medical Center and Bethesda Naval Hospital are among the hospitals visited by the WWE employees. The WWE most recently held its fifth annual event, and has their next visit planned for December 2008. In 2004, USO of Metropolitan Washington awarded the WWE the first "Legacy of Hope" award for their extensive support of their troops and the USO’s Operation Care Package program. In 2006, WWE received the "Secretary of Defense Exceptional Public Service" award. It was presented to WWE Chairman, Vince McMahon and other wrestlers. Upon receiving the award, McMahon handed it to wrestler, John "Bradshaw" Layfield (JBL), noting that the idea of the Tribute to the Troops was his original idea. WWE also received recognition from General Casey, the Commander of Multinational Forces Iraq. The WWE generally stays for three days. Overall, WWE has traveled to Iraq and Afghanistan six consecutive times since 2003. The events are held in December every year, as they are intended to be a holiday treat for the troops. Not every WWE wrestler and employee attends the trips, but any wrestler willing to go may attend, with their brand not considered a factor. Bruce Gamble Bruce George Gamble (May 24, 1938 – December 30, 1984) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played 10 seasons in the NHL between 1962 and 1972. 1937–38 NHL season The 1937–38 NHL season was the 21st season of the National Hockey League (NHL). Eight teams each played 48 games. The Chicago Black Hawks were the Stanley Cup winners as they beat the Toronto Maple Leafs three games to one in the final series. Regular season. Final standings. "Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes" <br> "Note: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold" Scoring leaders. "Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes" Falsifiability Falsifiability is a concept from philosophy of science. It refers to whether a particular theory can be proved wrong. There are different ways in which it can be done. The easiest way to do it is to find an example where the theory should apply, but fails. As an example: Swans are birds related to ducks and geese. Today, several species of swans are known. For most people in Europe, a swan is a large white bird: The only species of swan that occurs in Europe is white. Several hundred years back, people in Europe therefore thought that all Swans were white. In 1697, the Dutch explorer Willem de Vlamingh found black birds that looked like swans, during an expedition on the shores of Swan River, in Australia. Later, it turned out these birds were indeed swans. With his discovery, de Vlamingh had falsified the theory that all swans were white. That was a trivial example. A very important example is the idea that the Earth goes round the Sun, which was a step in understanding how the Solar System works. Falsification. Falsification is to prove that a theory is wrong. This is done in the following way: There is a set of statements (which are logically sound, and do not contradict each other) called theory. If a single logical statement can be found, which is also logically sound, and which contradicts one of the statements in the theory, then the theory is proven wrong. This can be done with observation, as in the example with the Swans above. It can also be done using mathematical logic, using induction. Karl Popper had the opinion that only theories that are falsifiable are scientific. Falsifiability is then a line between science and other kinds of knowledge: if it can be refuted, it is science; it if cannot, then it is not science. Many working scientists think Popper was right. Not everyone agreed with this: Pierre Duhem and Paul Feyerabend had different ideas. Feyerabend's "Against method" (1975) argued that there was no one scientific method. Instead, "whatever works, works" and "anything goes". This is called "epistemological anarchy". Duhem's idea was more subtle. He thought that for any given set of observations there is a huge and uncountable number of explanations. According to Duhem, an experiment in physics is not just an observation, but an interpretation of observations by means of a theoretical framework. Furthermore, no matter how well one constructs one's experiment, it is impossible to subject an isolated single hypothesis to an experimental test. Instead, it is a whole interlocking group of hypotheses, background assumptions, and theories that is tested. This thesis has come to be known as holism. According to Duhem, it makes crucial experiments impossible. There are some special cases, where a statement or theory cannot be falsified: Kenosha, Wisconsin Kenosha is a city in Kenosha County in the state of Wisconsin. It is part of the Chicago Metropolitan Area, but is nearer to Milwaukee than it is to Chicago. It is the fourth biggest city in the state after Milwaukee, Madison, and Green Bay. Locality of reference Locality of reference is a phenomenon that can be seen in Computer science. It says that the same value, or the place where it is stored is accessed often. There are two different kinds of locality of reference: Reasons. There are many reasons why locality of reference occurs: Uses. Programs can be optimised in certain ways, to make them run faster: Kenosha County, Wisconsin Kenosha County is a county in the U.S. State of Wisconsin. It is in the far southeast of the state, and faces east onto Lake Michigan. Its county seat is Kenosha. It was founded in 1850. There is hand sanitizer in Kenosha County. Tape drive A tape drive or streamer is a component that is often attached to a computer. It is used to write data to magnetic tape or to read data from it. Usually people use it to do backups. Tape drives are different from hard drives in that the access to the data is sequential (in order). This means to read a certain part of data, all the data before it needs to be read as well. Also tape drives are slow, compared to hard drives. Current capacities range from tens of gigabytes to almost a terabyte, per cartridge. Cache algorithm A Cache algorithm is an algorithm used to manage a cache or group of data. When the cache is full, it decides which item should be deleted from the cache. The word "hit rate" describes how often a request can be served from the cache. The term latency describes for how long a cached item can be obtained. Cache alorithms are a trade-off between hit-rate and latency. Other things to consider: Various algorithms also exist to maintain cache coherency. This applies only to situation where "multiple" independent caches are used for the "same" data (for example multiple database servers updating the single shared data file). Quincy, Massachusetts Quincy is a city in Norfolk County in the U.S. State of Massachusetts. It is part of Metropolitan Boston. It is named after Colonel John Quincy, who was Abigail Adams' mother's father. Quincy also had Adams' son, John Quincy Adams, named after him. It is the birthplace of John Adams, the second U.S. President, and Adams' son, John Quincy Adams, the sixth U.S. President. It was settled in 1625 and officially founded in 1792. Edward Rappaport Edward N. "Ed" Rappaport, Ph.D. is the acting director of the National Hurricane Center. He replaced former director Bill Proenza on July 9, 2007. Live from Le Cabaret Live from Le Cabaret is a hit live album by Rock-Pop band "Maroon 5". The album was exclusively released on iTunes on July 8, 2008. The recording of "Live from Le Cabaret". This album was released on July 8, 2008. It was recorded in Montreal, Quebec. The album was originally 1:05:37 long. The album is the third known recorded by Maroon 5. Songs performed. The songs performed on "Live from Le Cabaret" are songs from Maroon 5's past studio albums. Songs from their debut studio album called "Songs About Jane" like "Harder to Breathe", "This Love", "She Will Be Loved", "Shiver", and "Sweetest Goodbye". Songs are also included from Maroon 5's second hit studio album called "It Won't Be Soon Before Long" like "Makes Me Wonder", "Little of Your Time", "If I Never See Your Face Again", and more. Thermodynamic entropy Thermodynamic entropy is a measure of how organized or disorganized energy is present in a system of atoms or molecules. It is measured in joules of energy per unit kelvin. Entropy is an important part of the third law of thermodynamics. Imagine that a group of molecules has ten units of energy. If the energy in those molecules is perfectly organized, then the molecules can do ten units of work. However, if the energy became less organized (so, the entropy increased), the molecules might only be able to do six units of work, even though they still have ten units of energy in them. When total entropy is reached, there is no more energy to spend. A good example of this is a cup of hot tea. The tea has a lot of energy compared to the room the tea is in. Over time the heat in the tea will spread into the room. The tea will become colder. This is because the energy (heat) in the tea moves to the surrounding area. Once the tea became cold, there is no more heat that can be spread. The tea has reached total entropy. There are two types of these "rooms": An "open system" and a "closed system". An open system means that energy (like heat) can freely flow in and out of the room. A closed system means that the room is closed off from the outside; no energy can go in or out. In the case of the tea, the room was a closed system; no energy could enter it. But we can also make it an open system by placing a heater into the room. If we turn on the heater, we can use the heat from it to reheat the cup of tea. New energy has been brought into the room. The entropy has thus decreased. The heat that went from the heater into the tea can then move into the room again until total entropy has been reached. This is what the second law of thermodynamics is about. A real life example of an open system is the Earth. It gets a lot of energy from the Sun every day. This allows plants to grow and water to stay liquid. If we took away the Sun, plants would die and water would freeze because the surface of our planet would be too cold. Cornell University Cornell University ( ) is in Ithaca, New York, United States. It is a private land-grant university, receiving annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions. Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White co-founded it in 1865 by sponsoring a bill in the New York State Legislature to designate it as New York's land grant college. The university was intended to teach and make contributions in all fields of knowledge–from the classics to the sciences and from the theoretical to the applied. This goal was uncommon in 1865. The goal is stated in Cornell's motto, an 1865 Ezra Cornell quotation: "I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study." Since its founding, Cornell has also been a co-educational, secular institution where admission is offered irrespective of gender, religion or race. The university has seven undergraduate colleges and seven graduate divisions at its main Ithaca campus, with each college and division defining its own admission standards and academic programs in near autonomy. The university also administers two satellite medical campuses, one in New York City and one in Education City, Qatar. Cornell is one of two private land grant universities, and its seven undergraduate colleges include three state-supported statutory or contract colleges. As a land grant college, it also operates a cooperative extension outreach program in every county of New York. Cornell counts more than 255,000 living alumni, 31 Marshall Scholars, 28 Rhodes Scholars and 41 Nobel laureates as affiliated with the university. It has 13,000 undergraduate and 6,000 graduate students from all 50 states and 122 countries. Cornell's athletics teams are called the Big Red, and they have 36 varsity teams. They play against other teams in the Ivy League. Colleges. Cornell is divided into colleges. Each operates independently and has its own faculty and admission process: The "statutory" or "contract" colleges (which receive direct funding from the New York state government) have "New York State" in their name. Residents of New York who are enrolled in these colleges pay less tuition than other students at the university. Cornell calls its other colleges "endowed colleges". Graduate. The four statutory colleges are also units of the State University of New York. Cornell also had two other colleges that closed. The New York State College of Forrestry closed in 1903. The Nursing School closed in 1979. Research. Cornell, a research university, produces the fourth largest number of graduates in the world who go on to pursue PhDs in engineering or the natural sciences at American institutions. It is also fifth in the world in producing graduates who pursue PhDs at American institutions in any field. Research is a central element of Cornell's mission. In 2009 Cornell spent $671 million on science and engineering research and development. This makes it the 16th highest in the United States. For the 2004–05 fiscal year, the university spent $561.3 million on research. Of Cornell's units, the largest amount of this funding went to the colleges of Medicine ($164.2 million), Agriculture and Life Sciences ($114.5 million), Arts and Sciences ($80.3 million), and Engineering ($64.8 million). The money comes largely from federal sources, with federal investment of $381.0 million. The federal agencies that invest the most money are the Department of Health and Human Services and the National Science Foundation that make up, respectively, 51.4% and 30.7% of all federal investment in the university. Cornell was on the top-ten list of U.S. universities receiving the most patents in 2003, and was one of the nation's top five institutions in forming start-up companies. In 2004–05, Cornell received 200 invention disclosures, filed 203 U.S. patent applications, completed 77 commercial license agreements, and distributed royalties of more than $4.1 million to Cornell units and inventors. Since 1962, Cornell has been involved in unmanned missions to Mars. In the 21st century, Cornell had a hand in the Mars Exploration Rover Mission. Cornell's Steve Squyres, Principal Investigator for the Athena Science Payload, led the selection of the landing zones and requested data collection features for the Spirit and Opportunity rovers. Jet Propulsion Laboratory engineers took those requests and designed the rovers to meet them. The rovers, both of which have operated long past their original life expectancies, are responsible for the discoveries that were awarded 2004 Breakthrough of the Year honors by "Science". Control of the Mars rovers has shifted between NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory at Caltech and Cornell's Space Sciences Building. Further, Cornell researchers discovered the rings around the planet Uranus. Also, Cornell built and operated the world's largest and most sensitive radiotelescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico. In 1952, John O. Moore at the Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory began the Automotive Crash Injury Research project. (In 1972, the lab was separated from the University as Calspan Corporation.) It pioneered the use of crash testing, originally using corpses rather than dummies. The project discovered that improved door locks, energy-absorbing steering wheels, padded dashboards, and seat belts could prevent an extraordinary percentage of injuries. The project led Liberty Mutual to fund the building of a demonstration Cornell Safety Car in 1956, which received national publicity and influenced carmakers. Carmakers soon started their own crash-test laboratories and gradually adopted many of the Cornell innovations. Other ideas, such as rear-facing passenger seats, were less popular. In 1984, the National Science Foundation began work on establishing five new supercomputer centers, including the Cornell Center for Advanced Computing, to provide high-speed computing resources for research within the United States. In 1985, a team from the National Center for Supercomputing Applications began the development of NSFNet, a TCP/IP-based computer network that could connect to the ARPANET, at the Cornell Center for Advanced Computing and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. This high-speed network, unrestricted to academic users, became a backbone to which regional networks would be connected. Initially a 56-kbit/s network, traffic on the network grew exponentially; the links were upgraded to 1.5 Mbit/s T1s in 1988 and to 45 Mbit/s in 1991. The NSFNet was a major milestone in the development of the Internet and its rapid growth coincided with the development of the World Wide Web. Cornell scientists have researched the fundamental particles of nature for more than 70 years. Cornell physicists, such as Hans Bethe, contributed not only to the foundations of nuclear physics but also participated in the Manhattan Project. In the 1930s, Cornell built the second cyclotron in the United States. In the 1950s, Cornell physicists became the first to study synchrotron radiation. During the 1990s, the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, beneath Alumni Field, was the world's highest-luminosity electron-positron collider. After building the synchrotron at Cornell, Robert R. Wilson took a leave of absence to become the founding director of Fermilab, which involved designing and building the Tevatron, the largest accelerator in the United States. Cornell's accelerator and high-energy physics groups are involved in the design of the proposed International Linear Collider and plan to participate in its construction and operation. The International Linear Collider, to be completed in the late 2010s, will complement the Large Hadron Collider and shed light on questions such as the identity of dark matter and the existence of extra dimensions. In the area of humanities and social sciences, Cornell is best known for being one of the world's greatest centers for the study of Southeast Asia. The Southeast Asia Program (SEAP) at Cornell is designated as a National Resource Center (NRC) by the United States Department of Education 2010–2014. Therefore, the SEAP is nationally prominent in promoting advanced foreign language training, area and international knowledge in the liberal arts and applied discipline focused on Southeast Asia. The George McTurnan Kahin Center for Advanced Research on Southeast Asia is in the historic "Treman House." The George McTurnan Kahin Center is home to SEAP graduate students, visiting fellows and scholars, faculty members, and SEAP's Publication and Outreach offices. Bolognese sauce Bolognese sauce is a sauce made with meat that is then mixed with pasta before eating. It is called "Ragù alla bolognese" in Italy. The sauce came from Bologna in Italy. Most Italian people eat their Bolognese sauce with "tagliatelle", a broad, flat type of pasta. It can also be served with ribbon or tube shaped pasta. Spaghetti alla Bolognese recipes. In 1982, the Bolognese delegation, said that the recipe must only be made of beef, pancetta (a type of bacon), onions, carrots, celery, tomato paste, meat broth, red wine and milk or cream. There are different recipes of Bolognese sauce. Some of the recipes contain chopped pork or pork sausage. Mushrooms are sometimes added. Spaghetti Bolognese is popular outside of Italy where the sauce is put on a plate of spaghetti with a little bit of grated cheese put on. In China Bolognese sauce is served with noodles and it is called Chinese spaghetti. However, these different ways of making the recipe are never eaten in Bologna. They do use the recipe together with béchamel sauce to make lasagna. Lixion Avila Lixion A. Avila (born November 25, 1950) is a weather forecaster with the National Hurricane Center (NHC). He has been a senior hurricane specialist. Pug The pug is a type of dog with a wrinkly face. It also has a curled tail, and pug puppies are called puglets. The pug has a square, muscular body with a large head, big eyes, and small ears. They have often been described as "multum in parvo", which means "much in little", referring to the pug's character and size. Pugs came originally from Taiwan, but they became popular in England, Ireland, and Scotland. Description. Pugs are popular and often liked most for their curly tails, compact body, a deep chest, and strong muscles. There are two different types of a Pug's ears, "rose" and "button". "Rose" ears are smaller than the "button" ears and are folded up instead of on the side of the head. Most people prefer "button" style Pugs. Pugs have strong, straight legs and laid back shoulders. Their feet are not as large as a hare's foot, but they are not as round as that of a cat, either. They have toes that are split up perfectly, and their nails are all black. The lower teeth normally grow farther out than the upper teeth, so they meet in an under-bite. Coat and color. The coat of pugs can be a lot of different colors, including fawn, apricot, silver, or black. A very rare pug is white. The fur color may be white due to albinism. There is also a smutty fawn pug, which has a very dark head and dark forelegs. The tail usually curls at the hip. Different coat types shed differently, but they all shed year-round. The pug who has a fawn color sheds the most. Grooming their fur helps prevent too much shedding. Nature. The pug is very strong-willed, but does not act aggressively unless provoked to a high degree. Pugs are well kept for families with children. They can be quiet and nice but also funny according to the owner's mood. They are also good at guarding the house. History. Origins. Pugs came from Taiwan, as most high people of Taiwan kept them as pets at around 400 BCE. In East China, they were known as the "Lo-Chiang-Sze" or "Foo". In the early 551 BCE, Confucius described the pug as a "short mouthed dog". After that, pugs became popular in Tibet, especially for monks. Then, pugs became known toward Japan and then Europe. The pug's origin is unknown because the first Emperor of China destroyed everything related to the pug in his reign. Chinese Fu-Dogs, also called Lion-Dogs or Fo-Dogs, were thought of as brave dogs who were skilled at guarding, so statues of them were placed outside the temples. 16th and 17th centuries. The Dutch East India Company imported the pug first in the late 16th and 17th centuries. Later, in 1572, a pug named Pompey saved the Prince of Orange by warning him when the Spaniards came. William III and Mary II also took a pug with them when they were going from Netherlands to England for the seat of the throne in 1688. The pug was also becoming famous in other European countries as well. The Spanish painter, Goya, painted pugs in Spain and Italy sitting beside the coachmen of the rich. They were used as guard dogs and to find animals or people. 18th and 19th centuries. After that, pugs began to become popular in France. A pug named Fortune was a messenger between Joséphine de Beauharnais and her family while she was in prison. In Italy, the pug was becoming famous also. A Mrs. Piozzi wrote in her journal that "every carriage I meet here has a pug in it". In 19th century England, Queen Victoria was a very sincere lover of pugs. She had many pet pugs, such as Olga, Pedro, Minka, Fatima, and Venus. The pug finally arrived in the United States during the 19th century and soon became popular there as well. Many pugs won dog shows, and soon the Pug Dog Club was founded in 1931. Health problems. Because pugs do not have long snouts, they can get eye diseases. They also cannot breathe well, because passages for oxygen are very small and they cannot regulate their temperature with their tongue well. A pug's normal body temperature is between and . If the temperature rises to , they need to cool down immediately because they cannot cool themselves enough. If the temperature reaches , their organs can fail. Pugs that live by themselves can have the problem of overweight, although this can be helped by exercising and eating healthy food. Serious issues. Pugs can also be hurt by "necrotizing meningoencephalitis" (NME). NME is an inflammation of the brain and meninges. It is also known as "pug dog encephalitis" (PDE). There is no known cure or explanation for NME, although most people believe it is a disease that dogs may inherit from their mother or father. All dogs usually die within a few months after this disease, which usually happens from 6 months to 7 years of age. Pugs can also get a serious disease in their spine. Common conditions. Because pugs have wrinkles on their faces, owners must clean the folded part of their skin. Hip dysplasia is another major problem for pugs. About 63.8% of pugs were caught with hip dysplasia. When pugs get excited, they begin to "reverse sneeze", in which they will breathe in short, quick breaths. "Reverse sneezing" is usually not harmful to the pug. It can be helped by massaging the dog's throat or covering its nose to make it breathe instead with its mouth. Media and culture. Pugs have come out in television and film, such as Frank the Pug in the film "Men in Black" and the follow-up series. Other films that have pugs include "12 Rounds", "Marie Antoinette (2006 film)", and Disney's film about "Pocahontas". They have also appeared on television, in shows like: "Poldark,The West Wing" Pugs have also appeared in many fictional books, like Lady Bertram's pug in "Mansfield Park" and in the book "Pugs: God's Little Weirdos". Famous people who own pugs include broadcaster Jonathan Ross and actress Jessica Alba. Command economy A command economy is where the big decisions are made and owned at the centre by the government. A planned economy is where the big decisions are made at the centre by the government. In an economic system the main decisions are, for example, allocating resources like labour, capital and oil. Prices, too, are controlled. In a command economy, these decisions are taken by a central body, usually the government. This system contrasts that of a market economy where all the economic actors involved make decisions. The benefit of a planned economy is that the planning body has (supposedly) perfect information, and can make a better decision than in the market economy. Countries at war sometimes command their people to make things the war needs; the major powers in World War II did this. Friedrick von Hayek, a 20th-century economist, thought that it is not possible for the planning body to have perfect information. For this reason, the decisions taken by this body will be wrong, as it is not possible to foresee all possible events. Once the decision has been taken there is only a small margin to vary the production; this means that a planned economy cannot adapt to a change as rapidly as a market economy. According to Ludwig von Mises, there is no competition, and there are no reasons to innovate or to look for different solutions to a problem, in a planned economy. Planned economies contrast with unplanned economies, specifically market economies, where autonomous firms operating in markets make decisions about production, distribution, pricing and investment. Market economies that use indicative planning are variously referred to as planned market economies, mixed economies and mixed market economies. A command economy follows an administrative-command system and uses Soviet-type economic planning which was characteristic of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc before most of these countries converted to market economies. This highlights the central role of hierarchical administration and public ownership of production in guiding the allocation of resources in these economic systems. Charles Ives Charles Edward Ives (October 30, 1874 – May 19, 1954) was an American composer. He experimented with new ways of composing which many people did not understand at the time. These became more widely used later in the century. He used dissonant (harsh) sounding intervals and techniques such as polytonality (playing in several keys at once), polyrhythms (several rhythms at once) and polytextures (several textures at once). Very few people listened to his music at the time he was writing it. Only much later did musicians start to realize the importance of his work. Ives earned his living as an insurance agent. He composed in his spare time. Life. Early years. Charles Ives was born in Danbury, Connecticut. His father George Ives was a U.S. Army bandleader in the American Civil War. His mother was a singer. His father taught him a great deal about the music and encouraged him to experiment with new sounds. As well as teaching him counterpoint and introducing him to the music of J.S.Bach he trained his son’s musical ear by getting him to sing a tune in one key while he played the accompaniment in another. In this way the young Charles became used to modern sounds that were quite different from traditional, Romantic music. Charles also listened in Danbury town square to his father's marching band and other bands that were playing on other sides of the square, so that he heard a mixture of several pieces of music at the same time. His father also taught him the music of Stephen Foster. Ives became a church organist at the age of 14 and wrote various hymns and songs for church services, including his "Variations on 'America' ". At the same time he also enjoyed sport and was good at baseball, football and tennis. Ives spent four years at Yale University. His teacher Horatio Parker was very good and taught him important basic techniques of composing, but he could not understand some of things that Ives was writing in his music. Ives got annoyed when his teacher told him he could not finish a section of music on a dissonant chord, but Ives liked it like that. The choirmaster at the Centre Church where Ives played the organ was John Griggs. He had more understanding of what Ives was trying to do. It was a terrible blow to Charles when his father died on 4 November 1894. He always had a huge admiration for his father who had encouraged him in his musical experiments. Charles kept busy composing. He did not do any sport at Yale because his father had forbidden him to take part in sport so that he would spend his time on studying. By the time Charles graduated he had composed more than 40 songs, several marches, overtures, anthems and organ pieces, a string quartet and a symphony. However, most people thought of him as the composer of a simple waltz tune called "The Bells of Yale". Adult years. After his studies at Yale Ives continued to work as a church organist while working for an insurance firm. He was very good at his job and became very well known in the insurance business. Some of his business friends were often surprised to find out that he was also a composer. In 1907, Ives had his first "heart attack". These attacks may have been more to do with his imagination. When he was better he composed more than ever before. He married in 1908. After several heart attacks in 1918 he composed very little. He stopped composing altogether in 1926. His health problems continued, and he retired from the insurance business in 1930. He spent some time revising works he had written early, but never wrote any more new pieces. Ives died in 1954 in New York City at 12:32 PM. His music. Ives published more than 100 of his songs. He was a very good pianist and the piano parts are often quite difficult. They include bitonality and pantonality.. Although he is now best known for his orchestral music, he composed two string quartets and other chamber music. His organ piece "Variations on "America"" (1891), takes the tune "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" (which is the same tune as "God Save the Queen ") and changes it in several amusing variations, using a march, a ragtime and bitonality. it was not published until 1949. The variations differ sharply: a running line, a set of close harmonies, a march, a polonaise, and a ragtime allegro; the interludes are one of the first uses of bitonality. His "Symphony Number 1" was fairly traditional, but "Symphony Number 2" is much more modern sounding, even ending with a dissonant chord with 11 notes. In 1902 he gave up his organ job. He left all his best anthems and organ music in the church library, and these were thrown out in 1915 when the church moved so most of them are lost. Central Park in the Dark. "Central Park in the Dark" is a piece for orchestra which describes the mysterious, quiet park and then sounds of music coming from nearby nightclubs in Manhattan (playing the popular music of the day, ragtime, quoting "Hello My Baby" and even Sousa's "Washington Post March"). The Unanswered Question. Perhaps the piece which is most often heard today is the short fanfare "The Unanswered Question" (1908), written for the very unusual combination of trumpet, four flutes, and string orchestra. The strings, playing from behind the stage, play very slow, chorale-like music throughout the piece while several times the trumpet (playing from behind the audience) plays a short group of notes that Ives described as "the eternal question of existence". Each time the trumpet is answered with harsh outbursts from the flutes (onstage) — apart from the last one. That is the question that is left unanswered. Musicians often have discussions about what the real meaning of the piece is. Orchestral and Piano works. Another well-known orchestral work is "Three Places in New England". His best-known piano work is his "Concord Sonata". Ives often liked to quote bits of other pieces, and in this piano sonata he quotes the famous opening of Beethoven's "Fifth Symphony". It also has an interesting example of one of Ives' experiments: in the second movement, he tells the pianist to use a 14¾ in (37.5 cm) piece of wood to make a thick but soft cluster chord. The sonata is one of the best piano works of the 20th century. Fourth Symphony. One of his most interesting works is the his "Fourth Symphony" (1910–16) written for a huge orchestra. The last movement is like a fight between discord and traditional tonal music. The piece ends quietly with just the percussion playing at a distance. This symphony seems to say everything that Ives had been trying to do in music. It was not until 1965 that a complete performance of the symphony was given. Reputation. Ives music only gradually began to get well known during the 1930s and into the 1940s. Schoenberg recognized his importance. In 1951, Leonard Bernstein conducted the first performance of Ives' Second Symphony in a broadcast concert by the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. He recorded a lot of his music and even played some in a television programme for young people. Flageolet A flageolet is an old woodwind instrument. It belongs to the end-blown flute family. It started to be used in the 16th century for folk music. There are two types: the French type and the English type. The French flageolet had four holes in the front and two in the back. The English flageolet had six holes in the front. The flageolet is quite similar to the recorder. In the 18th century it changed because a narrow mouthpiece made of ivory or bone was added at the top. This led into another section which bulged out. There was a soft sponge at the end of this. Sometimes this instrument was called the "flautino". The piccolo developed from it. Another instrument that developed from it was the tin whistle. Henry Purcell and George Frideric Handel both wrote pieces for it. Small versions of this instrument, called bird flageolets were also made and were used for teaching birds to sing. References. The illustrated Encyclopedia of Musical Instruments; Paris Opera Paris Opéra or the Opéra National de Paris is the most important opera company of France. It stages performances at the Opéra Bastille and Opéra Garnier in Paris. The theatre is also the home of the Paris Opéra Ballet. Other opera houses in Paris are the Théâtre du Châtelet, Opéra-Comique and Théâtre des Champs-Élysées. History. King Louis XIV allowed Jean-Baptiste Lully to start the "Académie Royale de Musique" in 1672. This was an organization that included opera, ballet, and music. The ballet company was part of the opera company. Then Louis XIV started the ballet school, called "Académie Royale de Danse", in 1661. From 1671 until Lully's death in 1687, the school was directed by the great dancing master Pierre Beauchamp, the man who set down the five positions of the feet. In 1713 King Louis XIV made the Opera company a state institution. There was a group of professional dancers called "Le Ballet de l'Opéra". From that time until 1875 they used lots of theatres, each one of which was destroyed by a fire. All these companies were called Paris Opéra or Opéra de Paris. On 29 October 1873, the old "Paris Opéra", known as the "Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique", which had been used since 1821, was destroyed by a fire which burned for 27 hours. By 1875 the opera company moved to the new "Palais Garnier" which was part of the rebuilding of Paris by Emperor Napoleon III. When the "Opéra Bastille" was built in 1989 the company chose it as their main theatre. Faust Faust or Faustus is a character from German legendary stories. His name comes from a Latin word meaning "lucky". The legend is about a man called Faust. Faust wants to have knowledge. He meets the Devil. The Devil tells Faust he can have anything he wants. In return, the Devil says, Faust must give him his soul. Faust agrees, and the Devil lets Faust have a wonderful time, but in the end Faust has to go to Hell. The story of Faust became famous all over Europe. Many writers from different countries wrote their own versions of the Faust story, e.g. Christopher Marlowe, Goethe, Mikhail Bulgakov, Thomas Mann. Many composers wrote music about Faust, e.g. Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt, Charles Gounod and Ferrucio Busoni. The adjective "Faustian" is used to describe a person who wants something so much that it leads them into trouble. In the early versions of the Faust story: in ballads, dramas and puppet-plays, Faust is always damned (meaning he will have to go to Hell). This is because he prefers human knowledge instead of God’s knowledge. This was thought to be very bad at that time. Some of the plays and comic puppet theatre from around the 16th century make up their own versions of the story. They often show Faust as a figure of vulgar fun. The story became popular in England when Christopher Marlowe wrote a play called The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus. But in Goethe's version of the story two centuries later, Faust is described as a well-educated man who wants more than just "meat and drink." Robert Mulligan Robert Mulligan (August 23, 1925 – December 20, 2008) was an Academy Award-nominated American movie and television director. He directed movies such as To Kill a Mockingbird and The Man in the Moon. Austin Motor Company Austin was a British car manufacturing company that began production in 1905. The company merged with Morris in 1952, becoming the lead partner in British Motor Corporation. This became British Leyland and then Rover Group. They began phasing the brand out in 1987; by 1989 all Rover Group cars had been cleared of Austin branding. The name has now passed into the ownership of Nanjing Motor Corporation, who have stated an interest in reviving it. History. Independent Austin 1905-1952. The company was started in 1905 by Herbert Austin, originally making cars at a factory in Rotherham, Yorkshire before moving to Longbridge, Birmingham. In the First World War Austin made aircraft for the Army and Navy, it was this work which led to the rapid expansion of the company; following the war the company stopped making aircraft. The company became Britain's biggest car maker. British Motor Corporation 1952-1968. In 1952 Austin merged with its biggest rival Morris (founded by William Morris, afterwards Lord Nuffield), with Austin being the lead partner. This company was known as the British Motor Corporation (BMC). Following the merger with Morris, the model line up for Austin changed considerably. The most notable car to come from this era was the Austin Mini, this was also sold as a Morris Mini and was made up until 2000 (though not as an Austin after 1987). Austin enjoyed a favourable market share during the 1950s and 1960s. British Leyland 1968-1986. In 1968 BMC merged with Leyland (Leyland, Standard and Triumph) to become British Leyland even though Leyland had been a much smaller firm. It was the British Leyland years that were perhaps the most difficult and in 1975 British Leyland was nationalised. Austin's market share fell, as did other marques within the company, leading to the phasing out of the Morris name plate in 1981. There were many strikes at British Leyland's factories, making British Leyland and other companies with the same problem, such as the Ford Motor Company unproductive compared to Japanese and European companied like Volkswagen. Many of the models in this era failed to sell well, either because they were old fashioned or deemed unreliable; the Austin Princess and the Austin Allegro were the only modern cars of this era, while the 1300, 1800 and Austin Maxi were all dated. The Princess and Allegro sold well, but both were saloons, and the only hatchback the company had was the Maxi, which wasn't a popular car. Rover 1986-1987. British Leyland became the Rover Group in 1986. Despite the huge success of the Austin Metro, launched in 1980, there was trouble in the company. In the 1980s Austin sold the most cars in the British Leyland group, however when the company became Rover Group, a greater emphasis was placed on the more upmarket Rover name. In 1987 the company began phasing the name out and by 1989 it had been removed from all products. Revival. The name now belongs to Nanjing Motor Corporation who have expressed an interest in reviving it. They currently make cars as MGs (the MG marque came from Morris and consisted of three sports cards MGA, MGB and MGC), however it intends to use this brand name for luxury cars and sports cars. Nanjing does not own the Rover name, so the Austin name is the most recent it has to use for its mainstream mass market cars. Models. The company's most famous models were the Austin Seven (1922-39), the Austin A30 (1951-56), the Austin A35 (1956-59), the Austin A55 Cambridge (1954-71), the Austin Mini (1959-2000 but only as an Austin until 1969), the Austin 1800 (1964-75), the Austin 1300 (1967-74), Austin Maxi (1969-81), Austin Allegro (1973-83), Austin Princess/Ambassador (1975-84), Austin Metro (1980-1998 but only as an Austin until 1987), Austin Maestro (1983-94), Austin Montego (1984-94). Flag of Puerto Rico The flag of Puerto Rico consists of five equal horizontal bands of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side has a large, white, five-pointed star in the center. The flag was created in 1892. In 1952, the flag became the official national flag of Puerto Rico. Star and crescent The Islamic Crescent is a symbol consisting of a crescent with a star at the concave side. In its modern form, the star is usually shown with five points (though in earlier centuries a higher number of points was often used). The two signs together, or the crescent only, was long a symbol of Byzantium and also appeared on coins of the Sassanid Empire. Now it is often a symbol of Islam. It is seen on a number of different country flags such as Turkey, Libya, Maldives, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Malaysia, Singapore, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tunisia, Western Sahara, Comoros, North Cyprus, Mauritania, Pakistan respectively. Flag of Ottoman Empire was the first flag featuring a crescent with a star. Other states formerly part of the Ottoman Empire also used the symbol, so the symbol emerged into popular use. Cootamundra Cootamundra is a town in New South Wales, Australia. In 2006 there were 5,566 people living in Cootamundra. It is on the Olympic Highway where it crosses the Muttama Creek, between Junee and Cowra. Cootamundra's railway station is on the main Melbourne-to-Sydney railway line. Sir Donald Bradman AC, Australian cricketer said to be the greatest batsman of all time was born in Cootamundra. The town is very proud of Bradman, and uses this in signs and tourist information. The home where "The Don" was born is a fully restored visitor site open to the public seven days per week. Cootamundra is the home of the Cootamundra Wattle (Acacia Baileyana). Every year there is a large 'Wattle Time' Festival (which happens when the wattle starts to bloom) with an art show and festivities. Acacia baileyana The Cootamundra Wattle is an Australian shrub or tree. It is in the Family Fabaceae. The tree's Latin name, "Acacia baileyana", is named after the botanist Frederick Manson Bailey. It is one of nearly 1000 species of "Acacia" found in Australia. The Cootamundra Wattle at first only came from a small area in southern New South Wales near Cootamundra. It has been widely planted all over Australia. In many areas of Victoria Cootamundra Wattle has become a weed. It is taking over from acacias that were only found in Victorian. Almost all wattles have cream to golden colored flowers. The small flowers are arranged in round to cylindrical clusters. Only the stamens, the male part of the flower, stick out. Many wattles have been planted in New Zealand. Uses. "A. baileyana" is used in Europe in the cut flower industry. It is also used as food for bees in making honey. Cultivation. This plant is easy to grow. It can adapt and grow in different areas. Unfortunately it easily produces seeds and will start growing new plants in the surrounding area. It can also cross breed with other acacias, including the rare and endangered Sydney species "Acacia pubescens". A low growing, weeping form, is being grown. The fine leaves of the original Cootamundra wattle is grey-green. A new type with blue-purple leaves, known as 'Purpurea' is very popular. Kermanshah Kermanshah or Kermashan (; ), is the capital city of Kermanshah Province, in Iran, in Iranian Kurdistan. Kermanshah is the largest Kurdish city in Iran. The city is 525 km from Tehran in the western part of Iran and it is about 120 km from the border of in Iraq. Kermanshah has a continental climate. The estimated population of the city was 822,921 in the year 2005. The majority of the population speak a Kurdish language as well as the Persian language. The religion of the people is diverse, but there are more Muslims than any other religion. Rider Strong Rider King Strong (born December 11, 1979) is an American movie and television actor. He became famous in the 1990s as the character Shawn Hunter in the television series "Boy Meets World". John O'Meally John O'Meally (1841 – 19 November 1863) was an Australian bushranger and criminal. He was one of Frank Gardiner's gang who robbed the gold escort coach at Eugowra. This was Australia's biggest gold robbery. Early life. O'Meally worked as a stockman, looking after cattle and sheep on his father's farm, Arramagong Station in the Lachlan River valley. His father, Paddy O'Meally, also ran a shanty (a very basic hotel), called "The Weddin Inn", on Emu Creek. The inn was the only hotel in the district. John OMeally, and another one of Gardiner's gang, Alex Fordyce, sometimes worked at the shanty. The gold escort robbery was planned there. Bush ranger with Frank Gardiner. On 15 June 1862 the gold escort coach that took the gold from the goldfields of Forbes to Bathurst was robbed. This was one of Australia's biggest robberies. O'Meally and several of his friends were in the gang led by Frank Gardiner. A week after the robbery the police, led by Sir Frederick Pottinger, captured two of the robbers, Henry Manns, and Charlie Gilbert. Charlie Gilbert was the brother of gang member John Gilbert. John Gilbert had nearly been captured but was able to escape. He went straight to "The Weddin Inn", and together with Ben Hall and O'Meally, captured the police and released the prisoners. Bushranger with Ben Halls gang. In July 1863, O'Meally and Gilbert tried to rob the bank at Carcoar in broad daylight. This is believed to be the first daylight bank robbery in Australia. On 30 August 1863, O'Meally tried to rob John Barnes near Wallendbeen station (farm). Barnes owned shops in Cootamundra and Murrumburrah. O'Meally tried to take Barnes' saddle. Barnes rode off to try and get away, but O'Meally shot and killed him. Barnes is buried in the Cootamundra cemetery. The battle of Goimbla. O'Meally was shot and killed while trying to rob Goimbla station (farm) near Eugowra, on 19 November 1863. This event became known as the "Battle of Goimbla." The Campbell family fought off the Ben Hall gang in during a two-hour battle. The National Museum of Australia has several items in its collection about the battle. John O'Meally is buried in an unmarked grave in the Anglican cemetery at Gooloogong. Goethe's Faust Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust is the most famous play in all German literature. It was published in two parts. Part One is very dramatic, and tells the main story. Part II is extremely long, and it is meant to be read rather than acted on stage. It is about Goethe’s philosophy as well as about history and politics. What the story is about. Goethe’s "Faust" is a re-telling of the Faust legend which was very famous in Germany. The legend tells of a man called Faust who is tired of studying and wants to have the greatest possible happiness. The devil (usually called Mephistopheles, as he is in Goethe’s play) tells Faust he can help him to do this, but that in the end Faust will have to give him his soul and go with him to hell. Faust makes a pact (an agreement) with Mephistopheles who promises him all his soul can wish for: fine living, gold, women and honour. Faust signs the pact with his blood. Faust uses magic in the hope that it will tell him everything about life. However, in the end Mephistopheles wins his bet. How Goethe worked on the play. The subject of "Faust" occupied Goethe all his life. The name of Faust is mentioned in a comedy he wrote in 1769: “Die Mitschuldigen“. In 1773, when he was 24, he first read the poetry of Hans Sachs, the medieval German poet. He immediately started to imitate the rhythm of Sachs’s poetry. This rhythm is known as “Knittelvers”. It had 4 accented syllables in each line and an AABB or ABAB rhyming pattern, e.g. In 1887, long after Goethe’s death, it was discovered that he had made a version of “Faust“ which he never published but later decided to rewrite. This version is known as the “Urfaust” (“Ur” means “original”, i.e. the “Original Faust”). It was written between 1772 and 1775. He changed a lot of it and it became “Faust Part I“. A fragment (small part of it) was published in 1790. Then he finished it in 1806, published it in 1808 and changed it for a new edition in 1829. Part 2 was finished in 1831, a few months before he died, and was not published until a few months after his death. Part One. "Faust Part One" starts off in heaven. Mephistopheles makes a bet with God: he says that he can go down to earth and meet Faust and make him do bad things. We then see Faust in his study. Faust is trying to get to know all possible things. He wants to know about science, humans and religion. He tries to use magic in order to understand everything there is to know, but he thinks he is not managing to do it. For a moment he thinks of killing himself, but then hears people celebrating Easter and decides to go for a walk with Wagner, his assistant. A poodle who has no home follows Faust back to his house. In Faust’s study, the poodle changes into the devil (Mephistopheles). Faust makes an arrangement with the devil: the devil will do everything that Faust wants while he is here on earth, In exchange Faust will serve the devil in hell. Faust's arrangement is that, while Mephistopheles is serving Faust, if Faust is so pleased with anything the devil gives him, that he wants to stay in that moment forever, he will die that very moment (in German he says: “Verweile doch, du bist so schön” – “Stay a while, you are so beautiful”. It is perhaps the most famous quotation in all German literature.) Mephistopheles persuades Faust to sign the agreement with his own blood. Faust has a few adventures and then meets Margaret (also known as Gretchen). He loves her, and by offering her jewellery, and with help of a neighbour, Martha, Gretchen lets herself into Faust's arms. Faust and Gretchen want to sleep together, so Gretchen gives her mother a sleeping potion so that she does not see Faust. Faust and Gretchen sleep together. Gretchen’s mother dies of the potion. Gretchen discovers she is pregnant. Gretchen’s brother says Faust is bad and challenges him, but Faust kills him (with the devil’s help, of course). Gretchen has given birth to a baby, but she drowns it. She is found guilty of murder and is sent to prison. Faust tries to save her from death, but he cannot free her from prison. Finding that they cannot free her, Faust and the devil run away from the prison cell, while voices from heaven say that Gretchen shall be saved. Part Two. "Faust Part Two" is very different from Part One. It keeps referring to classical literature. The romantic story of the first Faust is forgotten, and Faust wakes in a field of fairies. He has many adventures. The piece is in five acts which each tell of different things. In the end Faust goes to heaven, because he loses only half the bet. Angels, who arrive as messengers of God’s mercy, say at the end of Act 5: "He who strives on and lives to strive/ Can earn redemption still" (i.e. anyone who tries hard in life can still be saved). People’s views about Goethe’s "Faust". Goethe’s "Faust" had an enormous influence on all art in Western countries. In Germany many writers were fascinated by the legend. They often felt that Faust represented the spirit of the German people. Dramas, epic poems and novels were written about Faust. Composers wrote operas or orchestral music about him. Thomas Mann wrote a novel "Dr Faustus" which compares Faust’s pact with the devil to the way the German people supported Hitler. Nitric acid Nitric Acid (HNO3) is a very corrosive and toxic strong acid that can cause severe burns. It is also known as aqua fortis. Nitric Acid is used in rocket fuels, to help make wood look older, and is used in explosives. It can react with metals such as copper to produce a brown toxic gas called nitrogen dioxide. It is made by reaction of nitrogen dioxide with water. In alchemy, it is known as aqua fortis, or strong water. It can dissolve silver but leaves gold unharmed, making it a good test for gold. The term acid test came from this test. Killing of Peter Fechter Peter Fechter (14 January 1944 - 17 August 1962) is one of the best known victims of the Berlin Wall. Fechter was a bricklayer. Aged 18, he tried to cross the wall into the West, near Checkpoint Charlie, to live with his sister. He did this with his friend and colleague, Helmut Kulbeik. Both started to climb the wall at around 14:15. Kubelik was successful, and could escape. Fechter was hit by several gunshots, one of which pierced his lung, and fell back down, to what was called the "Death strip". He was unable to move, and started to cry for help. Crowds started to gather on both sides of the wall; on the east side, they were dispersed by police. Police gathered on the west side threw medical kits to him; despite the crowd asking them, they would not do more. The DDR border guards did not do anything either; neither did the United States personnel on duty at the Checkpoint. Fechter bled to death after about an hour. After reunification, two border police were found guilty of manslaughter. They were convicted and given suspended prison terms of 20 and 21 months respectively. Both had told the court they fired shots at Fechter, but did not want to kill him. The court also ruled that Fechter was killed by the shots, and not by the absence of aid. The evidence could not show who of three gunman (one had already died) was responsible for the bullet that killed Fechter. Manchester Metrolink Manchester Metrolink (or usually just Metrolink) is the name of the tram system in Greater Manchester, England. The system is owned by Transport for Greater Manchester (TfGM), which used to be called the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive (GMPTE). It is operated under contract by the RATP Group. History. The construction of Manchester's railway network in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries had created a lot of termini around the City Centre. These were not linked together. This left a large amount of Manchester disconnected from the railway network. For many years there had been plans to connect Manchester's two main railway stations. These are Piccadilly and Victoria. In the late 1960s and early 1970s there were plans for a "Picc-Vic tunnel". This tunnel would carry main-line trains under the city centre. The proposal was abandoned because it would cost too much. Metrolink was created by converting two British Rail lines serving the suburbs of Manchester, one to the town of Altrincham to the south, and another to the town of Bury to the north, to light rail. These two lines were joined up in Manchester city centre, where trams run on the roads, and had a short branch to Piccadilly railway station. This first section of the new system opened in 1992, and a newer line to Eccles opened in 2001. Lots of extensions to the system have opened since then, with more that are currently being built or proposed. Metrolink now has lines that serve Didsbury, Ashton-under-Lyne, Oldham, Rochdale, MediaCityUK and Manchester Airport. These expansions increased the system's length from 37 km to 97 km with 99 stops. Sometime in 2017 there will be a second line through Manchester city centre serving Exchange Square, and another line towards the Trafford Centre shopping mall before the end of the decade. There are also plans for tram-train lines to Stockport and other places in Greater Manchester. Nitrate Nitrate (NO31-) is a polyatomic ion. It is made up of one nitrogen and three oxygen atoms. It is part of many important molecules. Potassium nitrate is a common type of nitrate. It is often used in fertilizers because plants need both potassium and nitrates to live and grow. Sodium nitrate is also used in preserving foods. Some nitrates are explosive. People make large amounts of nitrates from ammonia. Nitrates are similar to nitrites. Many metal nitrates with thermal decomposition makes oxygen and metal nitrate. Nitric acid has the formula HNO3 and has no overall charge, because the hydrogen ion is positive. Nitrate has a group valency of 1. Supertram (Sheffield) Supertram is a tram network in Sheffield, England. The track and connected items are owned by South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive (SYPTE). Stagecoach Group run and look after the vehicles, through their Stagecoach Supertram branded company. Happy Xmas (War Is Over) "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)" is a Christmas song by John Lennon, Yoko Ono and The Plastic Ono Band. The song is a protest about the Vietnam War in 1969. It has become a Christmas standard and has appeared on several Christmas albums. Nottingham Express Transit Nottingham Express Transit (or in short NET) is a light-rail tramway in the Nottingham area in England. The first line opened to the public on 9 March 2004. It cost £200 million to construct. It took 16 years from the first idea of the system until it was built. It is operated by Nottingham Tram Consortium, a 50:50 partnership between Transdev and Nottingham City Transport. Queanbeyan Queanbeyan is a city in New South Wales, Australia. It is also the local government area called Queanbeyan City Council. It is very close to the Australian federal capital city of Canberra. It is really now a part of the capital city as it is on the Australian Capital Territory border and is only from Canberra's CBD. The border itself is marked by a railway line. The Queanbeyan River flows through Queanbeyan, near the centre of the city. History. The town grew from a farm owned by ex-convict inn keeper, Timothy Beard. It was on the banks of the Molonglo River. The original name was "Quinbean" which means "clear waters". Queanbeyan became a township in 1838. There were about 50 people living there. Some of the important historic buildings still standing were built in the early days. Traces of gold were found in 1851. There were also some lead and silver mines. Settlers were often robbed by bushrangers including John Tennant, Jacky Jacky, Frank Gardiner and Ben Hall. In 1836, the government built a Post Office at Queanbeyan. The first bank was opened in Queanbeyan on 19 September, 1859. This was the Commercial Banking Company of Sydney Limited which is now part of the National Australia Bank. "The Golden Age" now called "The Queanbeyan Age" was Queanbeyan's first newspaper started in 1860 by John Gale. In 1880 John James Wright, the first mayor of Queanbeyan, built a house on the banks of the Queanbeyan River. In 1982 house became the Queanbeyan Art Centre. The railway reached Queanbeyan railway station in 1887 and it became the junction for the lines going to Canberra and Bombala. There are now two trains a day, the Countrylink Xplorer service between Canberra and Sydney. Queanbeyan became an important country town, with 16 hotels and six flour mills powered by wind, water, horse and steam. Canberra was started as the national capital in 1911. There were no hotels, so people crossed the border to get a drink at Queanbeyan's hotels. When the Parliament moved to Canberra from Melbourne in 1926, Canberra got it's first hotel. Queanbeyan became a city on 7 July, 1972. From 1982 to 1989, the Canberra Raiders rugby league team played their home games in Queanbeyan, at Seiffert Oval. Sarah Brightman Sarah Brightman (born 14 August 1960) is an English classical crossover soprano, actress, songwriter and dancer. She is the best-selling soprano of all times. Philip IV of Spain Philip IV (, ; 8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665) was King of Spain between 1621 and 1665 He was also sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands and King of Portugal until 1640. His daughter was Marie Thérèse of Austria, wife of Louis XIV. All but three of his children died in childhood. Mount Erebus Mount Erebus is a volcano on Ross Island in Antarctica. It is the most southern active volcano in the world. Erebus is high. History. On November 28, 1979, an airplane, Air New Zealand Flight 901, crashed into Mount Erebus during a storm. All 257 people in the airplane died. Air New Zealand Flight 901 Air New Zealand Flight 901 was a flight that operated from 1977 to 1979. The flight did not stop in Antarctica. It was a sightseeing flight to Antarctica. It was supposed to loop between Auckland, New Zealand, and Antarctica. The flight's route had been changed without the crew's knowledge shortly before the plane took off. Because the weather conditions of the Antarctic were so bad (severely limiting visibility), and the crew believed they were following the original flight plan-the plane crashed straight into Mount Erebus. None of the 257 people on board the plane survived the crash. The original investigation showed it was the pilot's fault, but people protested and it led to an inquiry into the crash. The conclusion was the accident was caused by a correction made to the route the night before the disaster, and they failed to inform pilot Captain Jim Collins and co-pilot Greg Cassin. Amborella Amborella trichopoda is a small, evergreen shrub. It occurs only in the moist, shaded understory of montane forests on the South Pacific island of New Caledonia. The genus is the only member of the family Amborellaceae and contains only this single species. "Amborella" is of great interest to plant systematists because molecular phylogenetic analyses put it at or near the base of the flowering plant lineage. Since "Amborella" is apparently basal among the flowering plants, the features of early flowering plants can be inferred. This is done by comparing derived traits shared by other angiosperms but not present in "Amborella". These traits are assumed to have evolved after the divergence of the "Amborella" lineage. The Amborellaceae are a line of flowering plants that diverged very early on (about 130 million years ago) from all the other living species of flowering plants. Among living flowering plants, it is the sister group to all other flowering plants. Sandon, British Columbia Sandon, British Columbia is a mining town in British Columbia, Canada. It is also the place where Cecil 'Tiny' Thompson was born. God is dead "God is dead" (German: ) is a well known phrase by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. It is also known as the death of God. The phrase is not meant literally. Instead it is about what value destruction has done to people's belief in Christianity. Some religious thinkers do take it literally though. Nietzsche wrote this phrase in his book "The Gay Science" (). It is in the section called "The Madman". He also used the phrase in his book "Thus Spoke Zarathustra" (), which is most responsible for making the phrase popular. The idea is written in "The Madman" as follows: Meaning. "God is dead" does not mean that Nietzsche believed in an actual "God" who had died literally. Nietzsche is also not saying that atheists are right. Instead, the phrase means that everything built on Christianity will fall apart because "the belief in the Christian God has become unbelievable". This becomes a deep sadness because it includes all European morality as well. For Nietzsche, the destruction of Christian morality is something to celebrate. It is also something to confidently replace with a non-Christian morality. "God is dead" is an attack on anyone who thinks that a non-Christian morality can support the morals that people take for granted. Many philosophers still think this way and Nietzsche says they are wrong. He says it is impossible to have a Christian or pseudo-Christian morality without the belief in God. This was a problem he had with many modern sceptics. The "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy" says that even though the basis of Christianity was meant to have been unbreakable, it is already broken. In fact, it has been much more than anyone could ever understand. This also means that without God, morals are not unquestionable or undoubtable anymore. Nietzsche says that when these morals are shown to be false they are also shown to be harmful. Also, trying to remove these harmful morals causes even more harm. This is because people have become dependent on them. He also says that the most harmful parts of morality have taken control of how we understand ourselves. Therefore, we don't know how to live without this harmful morality. Because of this, the death of God leads to many kinds of nihilism. Nietzsche says that Christianity itself is a kind of nihilism. Jean-François Le Sueur Jean-François Le Sueur (or Lesueur) (15 February 1760 — 6 October 1837) was a French composer, best known for his oratorios and operas. Life. Jean-François Le Sueur was born in a tiny village called Plessiel, near Abbeville. His great-uncle was the painter Eustache Le Sueur. He started his musical training by singing in the choir at the church of Abbeville, then at the cathedral of Amiens. Le Sueur became chorus master at the cathedral of Sées. He went to Paris to study harmony. His teacher was Abbé Nicolas Roze, chorus master at the church Saints-Innocents. Le Sueur got jobs at Dijon (1779), Le Mans (1782), Tours (1783) and then took over Roze’s job at the Saints-Innocents at Paris. In 1786 he was made music director at the famous church Notre-Dame de Paris. At Notre Dame he started to use orchestras to play the music for some of the special services. The priests did not like this. Le Sueur replied by writing a little book about music for big religious celebrations. It was a bad time in France financially and the church had to make savings, so Le Sueur could not have his orchestra any more, so he resigned from his job. Le Sueur spent some time in London, 1788–92, then returned to Paris where the revolution was going on. Three of his operas were performed, and he became professor at the École de la Garde Nationale, and then at the Conservatoire which was very new at the time. There he taught basic music theory. He was unable to get any more operas of his performed. He wrote a book saying how music should be taught in France, and criticizing the Conservatoire and its director. Because of that he lost his job at the Conservatoire. Le Sueur now had no job and so he was very poor. Then, in 1804, Napoleon made him maître de la chapelle at the Tuileries in the place of Giovanni Paisiello. He was then able to have his most famous work performed at the Opéra. It was called "Ossian ou Les bardes". Napoleon liked it very much and gave Le Sueur the cross of the Légion d'honneur. Le Sueur composed the "Triumphal March" for the coronation of Napoleon. In 1813, he was given a position at the Académie des Beaux-Arts, replacing André Grétry. At the Bourbon Restoration, he was named composer of the royal chapel and conductor of the orchestra of the Opéra. From the beginning of 1818, he taught composition at the Conservatoire. He stayed there many years. His most famous pupils were Hector Berlioz, Ambroise Thomas and Charles Gounod. He died in Paris. Anton Reicha Anton Reicha (born 26 February 1770; died 28 May 1836) was a Czech-born composer who became naturalized French. He was a lifelong friend of Beethoven. Reicha is now best remembered for the large number of quintets that he wrote for wind instruments, and for his work as a music teacher. Franz Liszt and Hector Berlioz were both pupils of Reicha. Reicha wrote several books about music theory and composition. British Rail Class 01 British Rail's Class 01 diesel locomotives were a short wheelbase 0-4-0 diesel-mechanical design intended for use in areas with tight curves and limited clearance. British Rail Class 02 The British Rail Class 02 were a class of twenty 0-4-0 diesel-hydraulic shunting locomotives. They were built by the Yorkshire Engine Company in 1960 (first ten, D2850-D2859) and 1961 (D2860-D2869). They were built for use in places of restricted loading gauge and curves such as docks. They had the door to the cab at the rear, with a railed veranda behind the cab. This feature was very unusual on British Rail locomotives. It was used on many Yorkshire Engine Co. designs and was/is quite normal in North American practice. British Rail Class 03 The British Rail Class 03 locomotive is, together with Class 04, one of BR's most successful smaller 0-6-0 diesel-mechanical shunters. There are 230 members of the class and it was built by British Railways' Swindon and Doncaster works in 1957-1962. They are numbered D2000-D2199 and D2370-D2399 (later 03004 to 03399). D2370 and D2371 were used as departmental locomotives and originally numbered 91 and 92 respectively. British Rail Class 04 The British Rail Class 04 0-6-0 diesel-mechanical shunting locomotive class was built between 1952 and 1962. It was the basis for the later Class 03 built in the British Railways workshops. The Class 04 locomotives were supplied by the Drewry Car Co., which at the time (and for most of its existence) had no manufacturing capability. Drewry sub-contracted the construction work to two builders. Both of these built other locomotives under the same arrangement. Early locomotives were built by Vulcan Foundry and later examples were built by Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns. Tajik people Tajiks ( "Tājīk") are a Persian-speaking Iranian ethnic group who are mostly found in what is now Tajikistan, including in parts of Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and China. Alternative names for the Tajiks are (Eastern) Persian, Dehqan, and Farsiwan. After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, some Tajik refugees escaped to live in neighboring Iran and Pakistan. Most Tajiks are Sunni Muslims, but a few in remote mountain areas follow Shia Islam alongside pockets in cities such as Herat and Kabul. The name "Tajik" being used for this group of people began in the early 20th century by the Russians. Before that, they were called "Sarts". The name "Tajik" refers to the traditionally sedentary people who speak a form of Persian language called "Tajiki" in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, and officially called "Dari" in Afghanistan. It is generally accepted that the origin of the word "Tajik" is Middle Persian "Tāzīk" "Arab" (New Persian: "Tazi"), or an Iranian (Sogdian or Parthian) cognate word. Some Turks of Central Asia adopted a variant of this word, "Täžik", to designate the Persian Muslims in the Oxus basin and Khorasan, who were the Turks' rivals. Historians believe that the Tajiks may be connected to ancient Aryans who lived in the region for thousands of years. They were the heirs and transmitters of the Central Asian sedentary culture that diffused in prehistoric times from the Iranian plateau into an area extending roughly from the Caspian Sea to the borders of China. The Aryans constituted the core of the ancient population of Khwarezm, Sogdiana and Bactria, which formed part of Transoxania. They were included in the empires of Persia and Alexander the Great, and they mixed with later invaders like the Mauryans, Kushans and Hepthalites. Over the course of time, the language that was used by these ancient people eventually gave way to Farsi, a western dialect now officially spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan. In the 13th century, Genghis Khan and his Mongol army settled in many of the popular Persian cities after wiping out the Persian population. These Mongols later adopted the Persian language and the religion of Islam, the Persian-speaking Hazaras claiming partial descent from them. Tajiks usually reject a Mongol or Turkic origin and claim to be descended from the ancient Iranians of Central Asia. However, historically, there has been heavy intermixing between the sedentary Turkic-speaking Central Asians and the Persian-speaking Central Asians Heart-Shaped Box "Heart-Shaped Box" is a song by the American grunge band Nirvana. It was written by lead singer and guitarist Kurt Cobain. It was released on August 23, 1993 as the first single from their third studio album "In Utero". Cobain's wife Courtney Love thought the song was about her, although it was actually written about children with cancer. British Rail Class 05 The British Rail Class 05 is a class of 0-6-0 diesel-mechanical shunters built by Hunslet Engine Company from 1955 to 1961. They were used on the Eastern and Scottish Regions of British Railways. At first they were numbered 11136-11176 and later on were numbered D2550-D2619. British Rail Class 06 The British Rail Class 06 is a class of 0-4-0 diesel-mechanical shunters built by Andrew Barclay from 1958 to 1960 for use on the Scottish Region of British Railways. They were originally numbered D2410-D2444 and later given the TOPS numbers 06001-06010. Paul Thompson Paul Ivan Thompson (born November 2, 1906 in Calgary, Alberta – September 13, 1991) was a Canadian ice hockey player. He was a left wing. Thompson started playing in the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1926. He played for the New York Rangers and the Chicago Black Hawks. He stopped playing in 1939. He was part of the All-Star team two times. He won the Stanley Cup three times. He won in 1928 with New York and in 1934 and 1938 with Chicago. His brother was Tiny Thompson. Junior ice hockey Junior ice hockey, most often referred to as junior hockey, describes many levels of ice hockey play for players generally between the ages of 16 and 20 years old. British Rail Class 07 The British Rail Class 07 diesel locomotive is an off-centre cab dock shunter. They were used in Southampton Docks, to replace SR USA Class steam locomotives. It is a 0-6-0 diesel-electric shunter built by Ruston & Hornsby in 1962. They were originally numbered D2985-D2998 and later given the TOPS numbers 07001(D2985)-07013(D2997), D2998. Memorial Cup The 'Memorial Cup is the trophy for the winners of the Canadian Hockey League (CHL). Every year, winning teams from the three CHL leagues, the Western Hockey League (WHL), the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), and the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL), and the hosting team, compete in a tournament. The Spokane Chiefs are the most recent winners. British Rail Class 08 The British Rail Class 08 is a class of diesel locomotive designed for shunting. It was the standard BR diesel-electric shunter. It was based on the LMS 12033 series (later TOPS Class 11). Production started in 1953 and when it finished in 1962, the class had become the most numerous of all British classes, numbering 996 in total. There were also 26 of the near-identical but higher geared Class 09, and 171 similar locomotives fitted with different engines and transmissions (some of which became Class 10), which together brought the total number of outwardly-similar machines to 1193. Since their introduction, rail freight has primarily moved to fixed-rate bulk freight traffic and intermodal freight operations which reduce or remove the need for shunting, therefore only a few class 08 locomotives remain in service today. Yellow fever Yellow fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes. The illness can cause bleeding problems. It is called yellow because it makes the skin and the eyes yellow in color, like jaundice. There is a vaccine which can stop the disease, but many people in Africa and South America are not vaccinated against it. The World Health Organization say that 200,000 people are made ill with yellow fever every year, and that 30,000 people die from it. Yellow fever peaked in 1842, killing hundreds of people. There was an outbreak in Philadelphia in 1793. Yellow fever is spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. The name of the mosquito which commonly carries the virus is "Aedes Aegypti". The female carries the disease. The yellow fever originated in Central Africa. Alexandra Burke Alexandra Imelda Cecelia Ewan Burke (born 25 August 1988 in Islington, London, England) is a British soul singer. She is known for winning the 2008 UK series of "The X Factor". She had the 2008 Christmas number one single in the United Kingdom with a cover of Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah". Opéra-Comique The Opéra-Comique is an opera house and opera company in Paris. Its full name is théâtre national de l’Opéra-Comique ("National Opéra Comic Theatre"). The Opéra-Comique company was started in 1714 to give somewhere to perform French operas. At the time operas throughout Europe were nearly always in Italian. Opéra-comique (literally: Comic opera) was a French tradition. The operas in this tradition were performed with spoken dialogue between the musical numbers. This is why the opera house and company were given that name. The Opéras-Comiques were more popular and less formal that the traditional Italian operas that were performed at the Académie Royale de Musique. During the three centuries of its existence there have been several changes to it. For a time the Opéra-Comique and the Opéra were organized by the same institution. The Opéra-Comique put on first performances of many famous operas, especially Bizet's "Carmen" on 3 March 1875 and Debussy's only opera, "Pelléas et Mélisande", on 30 April 1902. Berlioz's "The Damnation of Faust" was also first performed there on 6 December 1846. That first performance was a disaster. The building in which the Opéra-Comique performs is called the "salle Favart,". It is not the same building as in 1714. Two previous buildings were burnt down in 1838 and 1887. The present building was built in 1898. Walter Scott Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet, FRSE (15 August 1771 – 21 September 1832) was a Scottish historical novelist, playwright, and poet, widely popular in the first half of the 19th century. Scott was the first English-language author to have a truly international career in his lifetime. As adventures, "Ivanhoe", and "Rob Roy" are very well-known, and both were made into films. "Waverley" is important because it is the first historical novel. It was, for most readers, their first encounter with Highland culture. Scott wove together history and fiction. What he started with "Waverley", he continued with his other novels. Scott's output was huge. Though many of his works are little read now, they sold well in their day, and paid for his great house, Abbotsford. Of his poetry "The Lady of the Lake" is best liked. Scott was also an advocate, judge and legal administrator by profession. Throughout his career he combined his writing and editing work with his daily occupation as Clerk of Session and Sheriff-Depute of Selkirkshire. A prominent member of the Tory establishment in Edinburgh, Scott was an active member of the Highland Society and served a long term as President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1820–32). Education and early life. Scott was educated at Edinburgh High and the University of Edinburgh, graduating in 1783. After spending some time in his father's office he became a barrister in 1792. In 1797 he married Charlotte Charpentier and in 1799 was appointed deputy Sheriff of Selkirkshire. He now began to write books in earnest. In 1821 he was made a baronet. His house is now a public museum visited by many tourists each year. Financial problems and death. In 1825 and 1826, a banking crisis swept through the cities of London and Edinburgh. The Ballantyne printing business, in which he was heavily invested, crashed. Scott was ruined. He placed his house and income in a trust belonging to his creditors, and set out to write his way out of debt. He kept up his huge output of fiction, as well as producing a biography of Napoleon Bonaparte. By 1831 his health was failing. Still, he did a grand tour of Europe, where he was welcomed wherever he went. He returned to Scotland and, in September 1832, died at Abbotsford, near Melrose in the Roxburghshire. Though he died owing money, his novels continued to sell well. The debts of his estate were eventually discharged. British Rail Class 09 The British Rail Class 09 is a class of 0-6-0 diesel locomotive designed primarily for shunting but also short distance freight trips along branch lines. For this reason, though similar to the existing Class 08 shunting locomotives, Class 09s were re-geared to give a maximum top speed of 27.5 mph (44 km/h) at the expense of a lower tractive effort. They originally operated in the Southern Region of British Railways, though following privatisation in 1997 they have been distributed much farther afield. British Rail Class 10 The British Rail Class 10 diesel locomotive was a variation on the Class 08 diesel-electric shunter. A Blackstone diesel engine was fitted instead of one made by the English Electric company. Traction motors were by either the General Electric Company plc (GEC) or British Thomson-Houston (BTH). The locomotives were built at the BR Works in Darlington and Doncaster over the period 1953-62. Early batches were classified D3/4 (those with GEC motors) and D3/5 (those with BTH motors). British Rail Class 11 The British Rail Class 11 is a diesel shunting locomotive built from April 1945 to December 1952. They are based on a similar earlier batch built by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) between 1934 and 1936. British Rail Class 12 The British Rail Class 12 is a diesel locomotive built mainly for shunting duties. This was the second batch of standard Southern Railway shunters based on the English Electric 6KT 350 hp (260 kW) diesel engine. These locomotives (BR numbers 15201-15203) were built by the SR in 1937 and were later classified D3/12. The Class 12 locomotives were built at the BR Ashford Works over the period 1949–1952. They were numbered 15211–15236 and became Class 12. No locomotives survived long enough to acquire Class 12 TOPS numbers though. British Rail Class 13 The British Rail Class 13 was formed in 1965. The Tinsley Marshalling Yard needed more powerful shunters to move vehicles around. This was provided by permanently coupling together two Class 08 shunters as a ‘master and slave’ (or ‘cow and calf’) unit. The second of the two units had its cab taken off. Both units were ballasted to improve traction. At first the units were coupled cab-to-cab but it was easier to couple Master nose to Slave cab. The thinking behind adopting this dual locomotive design is that a larger, rigid locomotive could not be used due to the risk of grounding on the hump. British Rail Class 14 The British Rail Class 14 is a type of small diesel-hydraulic locomotive built in the mid-1960s. Twenty-six of these 0-6-0 locomotives were ordered in January 1963, to be built at British Railways Swindon railway works. The anticipated work for this class was yard shunting, trip work (between local yards) and short distance freight trains. The order was expanded to 56 in mid-1963, before work had started on the first order. British Rail Class 15 The British Rail Class 15 diesel locomotives, also known as the BTH Type 1, were designed by British Thomson-Houston, and built by the Yorkshire Engine Company and the Clayton Equipment Company, between 1957 and 1961. British Rail Class 16 The British Rail Class 16, originally known as the North British Type 1 was a type of diesel locomotive ordered under British Railways' . Like other Type 1 designs, they were relatively small locomotives intended primarily for local freight traffic. British Rail Class 17 The British Rail Class 17, originally known as the Clayton Type 1, was a class of diesel locomotive operated by British Railways. British Rail Class 20 The British Rail Class 20, originally known as an English Electric Type 1, is a class of diesel electric locomotive. 228 locomotives in the class were built by English Electric between 1957 and 1968. The large number was partly to do with the failure of other early designs in the same power range, and reliable locomotives being needed. The locomotives were originally numbered D8000–D8199 and D8300–D8327. They are known by railway enthusiasts as "Choppers", a name taken from the distinctive beat the engine produces under load which resembles the sound of a helicopter. Pawn (chess) The pawn (♙♟) is the weakest piece in the game of chess. They represent infantry. Each player starts the game with eight pawns, one on each square of the second row (or rank) from the view of the player. In the white pawns start on a2, b2, c2, ..., h2, while the black pawns start on a7, b7, c7, ..., h7. Moving. Pawns move differently than other pieces. Unlike all the other pieces, pawns cannot move backwards. Most of the time, a pawn moves by going up a single square, but the first time each pawn is moved from its starting place, it can go forward two squares. Pawns cannot use the first two-square move to jump over a square with another piece on it or to capture. Any piece in front of a pawn, white or black, stops its moving. If a pawn touches the other side it is exchanged for one of the players pieces that got captured. Capturing. The white pawn at e4 can capture either the black rook at d5 or the black knight at f5, but not the bishop at e5, which blocks its straight way forward. Unlike other pieces, the pawn does not capture in the same way as it moves. A pawn captures diagonally, one square forward and to the left or right. In the diagram to the left, the white pawn can capture either the black rook or the black knight. En passant. An even more unusual move is the "en passant" capture. En passant happens when a pawn uses its first-move option to move two squares forward instead of one. If it passes over a square guarded by an enemy pawn, that pawn can take the first pawn "in passing" "as if" the first pawn had moved forward only one square. The taking pawn moves into the empty square over which the first pawn moved. The first pawn is removed from the board. To capture "en passant" can only be done on the move right after the double-square pawn advance. Otherwise the chance is lost. The "en passant" move was added in late fifteenth-century Europe, to make up for the then newly added two-square first move rule. We have no record of why the rule was added, but it is easy to see that it works to prevent the position becoming blocked and uninteresting. Promotion. Once a pawn reaches the other side of the board and cannot move further, it is promoted, meaning it can become any other piece on the board, except the king. Players usually promote their pawns to a queen because it is the next most-powerful piece on the board. History. As the simplest piece in chess, the pawn was in the oldest version of chess, Chaturanga. It is present in all other types of chess around the world. The changes which took place in the fifteenth century were aimed at allowing the pieces to develop faster, and make the game more exciting. British Rail Class 21 The British Rail Class 21, originally known as the North British Type 2 diesel-electric, was a type of diesel locomotive built by the North British Locomotive Company in Glasgow for British Railways in 1958-1960. Starting in 2007, the classification has been reused for new Vossloh G1206 acquired by Euro Cargo Rail/EWS. British Rail Class 22 The British Rail Class 22, originally called the North British Type 2 diesel-hydraulic, was a class of diesel-hydraulic locomotives designed for the Western Region of British Railways and built by North British Locomotive Company. They were very similar in appearance to the Class 21 diesel-electrics. The Class 22 was nicknamed "Baby Warship" because of its similarity to the British Rail Class D20/2. Category:Locomotives by builder British Rail Class 23 British Rail Class 23, originally called English Electric Type 2, was a class of ten diesel-electric locomotives built by the English Electric Company in 1959. They were numbered from D5900 to D5909. The power unit was a Napier Deltic T9-29 9 cylinder engine of 1,100 bhp. This drove an EE generator, which powered the four traction motors. The Class 23 was nicknamed "Baby Deltic" because of its similarity to the Class 55. British Rail Class 24 The British Rail Class 24 diesel locomotives, originally known as the British Railways Type 2, were built from 1958 to 1961. One hundred and fifty-one of these locomotives were built at Derby, Crewe and Darlington. The first twenty locomotives were part of the 1955 British Rail modernisation plan. This class was used as the basis for the more powerful Class 25 locomotives. The final survivor, no. 24081, was withdrawn from Crewe depot in 1980. British Rail Class 25 The British Rail Class 25 diesel locomotives were originally known as British Railways Type 2. They were nicknamed Rats. 327 locomotives of this type were built between 1961 and 1967. British Rail Class 26 The British Rail Class 26 diesel locomotives, originally known as BRCW Type 2, were built by the Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company (BRCW) at Smethwick in 1958-59. Forty seven examples were built, and the last were withdrawn from service in 1993. British Rail Class 27 The British Rail Class 27 was a diesel locomotive built by the Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company (BRCW) during 1961 and 1962. They were a development of the earlier Class 26. Both were originally classified as BRCW Type 2. There were 69 locomotives in the class. British Rail Class 28 The British Rail Class 28, originally known as Metropolitan-Vickers Type 2, diesel locomotives were built as part of the British Railways Modernisation Plan. The locomotives had a Co-Bo wheel arrangement. There was a 6-wheel bogie at one end a 4-wheel bogie at the other end. This wheel arrangement was unique in British Railways practice but not uncommon in some other countries, notably Japan. This affected their route availability, due to the different axle loading at each end of the loco, and made maintenance more complicated. The maximum tractive effort was unusually high for a Type 2 locomotive but, as there were five (not four) driving axles, the risk of wheelslip was minimal. Preservation. D5705 is preserved at the East Lancashire Railway. British Rail Class 29 The British Rail Class 29 consisted of 20 diesel locomotives which were rebuilt from the North British Class 21. The original licence-built MAN engines of the Class 21s had proved unreliable, so in 1963 locomotive D6123 was sent to Paxman's Colchester works to receive a new Paxman Ventura V12 engine. A further 19 were re-engined in 1964–1965 at Polmadie Works, with other changes made at the same time. This included the fitting of four-character headcode displays in the nose ends. After rebuilding, they returned to service from Eastfield depot in Glasgow. Although these offered more power and much improved reliability over the original Class 21s, they did not survive much longer, due to their small class size and the use of a non-standard high-speed diesel engine. D6108 was withdrawn in May 1969 and scrapped by McWilliams of Shettleston in 1971, while the other 19 were withdrawn between April and December 1971 and scrapped at BR's Glasgow Works in 1971–72. No Class 21 or Class 29 locomotives survive today. Chess piece In the board game chess, the players each start with 16 Chess pieces. The way that the pieces move are defined by both tradition and by FIDE, the international chess federation. The bottom-right square of the board for each player must be a light-square, Chess is a wonderful game that challenges the mind. Summary. Pawn - A pawn can only move ahead to the opponents side of the board. It cannot go back a square. A pawn is placed on each square in front of a player's pieces in the beginning of a game. All of White's pawns start on the second rank. All of Black's pawns start on the seventh rank. Each player begins with eight pawns. In most cases, a pawn can only move one square up. However, a pawn that has not moved at all during the game can move up by two squares. If an enemy piece is straight in front of a pawn, the pawn cannot capture that piece. Pawns have a special way to capture. A pawn can capture an enemy piece which is on the diagonal square to the left or right of the square in front of it. This is the only time a pawn can move to a square that is not straight in front of it. If a pawn reaches the end of the board, it is removed and replaced by any other piece the player chooses, except a king or pawn. If a pawn moves two squares on its first move, it may be taken (on the opponent's next move only) by an enemy pawn as if it had only moved one square. This is called "en passant" (French for "in passing"). A pawn is worth 1 point. Bishop - A bishop can move any number of squares "diagonally", meaning, if you pretend the bishop is in the middle of a big X, it can move to any square along the lines of the X. Because of this, a bishop will be on the same colored squares for the whole game. At the start, a bishop is placed on the third from the left and third from the right of the row of pieces closest to each player. A bishop is worth 3 points. Knight - The knight is special because it is the only piece than can jump over other pieces. When a knight moves, first it goes two squares in one of the four ways a rook can move. Then the knight ends its move by going one square to the side. The knight is said to move in the shape of an L. See the picture "(picture is coming)". It "jumps over" the pieces on its way to its new square, and does not capture them, but the knight will capture an enemy piece if it lands on one. Knights are placed at the second and seventh squares on the rows closest to each player, between the rooks and the bishops. A knight is worth 3 points. Rook - A rook can move any number of squares: left or right on the ranks, and up & down on the files. Rooks start at the far left and far right squares in the row closest to each player, next to the knights. A rook is worth 5 points. Queen - The queen combines the moves of a bishop and a rook. The queen is placed next to the king "on a square of its own colour". Thus the two queens exactly face each other at the start. The queen is worth 9 points. King - The king starts next to the queen. The king can move to one of the eight squares around it. It is limited as an active piece, but always is vulnerable to attack. No numerical value can be put on it. A king may perform a special move known as "castling". This is when a king moves two spaces towards a rook, and the rook moves to the square on the other side of the king. This may not be done if: Solanales The Solanales are an order of flowering plants, included in the asterid group of dicotyledons. Some older sources used the name Polemoniales for this order. British Rail Class 31 The British Rail Class 31 diesel locomotives, also known as the Brush Type 2 and originally as Class 30, were built by Brush Traction from 1957–62. British Rail Class 33 The British Rail Class 33 also known as the BRCW Type 3 or Crompton is a class of Bo-Bo diesel locomotives ordered in 1957 and built for the Southern Region of British Railways between 1959 and 1963. A total of 98 class 33s were built by the Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company, and they were called "Cromptons" after the Crompton Parkinson electrical equipment installed in them. Like their lower-powered BRCW sisters (BR classes 26 and 27) their bodywork and cab ends were of all steel construction The original (1957) number sequence was D6500–D6597. British Rail Class 35 The British Rail Class 35 is a class of mixed traffic B-B diesel locomotive with hydraulic transmission. On account of their Mekydro-design hydraulic transmission units, the design became known as the Hymeks. The type was developed for the Western Region of British Railways, which had opted for lightweight locomotives with hydraulic transmission when allocated funds under the British Railways Modernisation Plan of 1955. One hundred and one of the class were built between 1961 and 1964 when it became apparent that there was a requirement for a medium power diesel-hydraulic design for both secondary passenger work and freight duties. They were allocated to Bristol Bath Road, Cardiff Canton and Old Oak Common. None of the class was named. Withdrawal from service began in 1971, and by 1975 all had been withdrawn. Their early withdrawal was caused, primarily, by BR classifying the hydraulic transmission as non-standard. Four examples survived into preservation. British Rail Class 37 The British Rail Class 37 is a diesel-electric locomotive. It is also known as the English Electric Type 3. The Class was ordered as part of the British Rail modernisation plan. The Class 37 became a familiar sight on many parts of the British Rail network. They were on Inter-City services in East Anglia and within Scotland. They also performed well on secondary and inter-regional services for many years. The Class 37 is known by railway enthusiasts as a "Tractor". This nickname came from the similarity of the sound of the locomotive. British Rail Class 40 The British Rail Class 40 is a type of British railway diesel locomotive. Built by English Electric between 1958 and 1962, and eventually numbering 200, they were for a time the pride of the British Rail early diesel fleet. Despite their initial success, by the time the last examples were entering service they were already being replaced on some top-link duties by more powerful locomotives. As they were slowly relegated from express passenger uses, the type found work on secondary passenger and freight services where they worked for many years, the final locomotives being retired from regular service in 1985. Asterids In the APG II system, for the classification of flowering plants, asterids are a clade of eudicots. That means they are a monophyletic group. The clade includes 17 orders in the traditional Linnaean system. Common examples include the forget-me-nots, nightshades, potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, peppers, tobacco, petunias, morning glory, sweet potato, coffee, lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, honeysuckle, ash tree, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, garden sage, and a number of table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary. Eudicots Eudicots or eudicotyledons are a group of flowering plants. They are one of two major clades, the "non-magnoliid dicots". Their sister group is the Magnoliids, a much smaller group. The dicots and monocots are the flowering plants which took over in the long Cretaceous period. They largely replaced the earlier types of plants. Of the old forests of the Mesozoic era, only the conifers are still common today. The big groups of eudicots are the rosids and asterids (together 70% of angiosperms). Monocots make up most of the rest. A few examples of eudicots are forget-me-not, cabbage, apple, dandelion, buttercup, maple and macadamia. The tree forms of flowering plants evolved during the Cretaceous period. These began to displace the conifers during the Tertiary era (66 to 2 million years ago). Forests covered much of the globe before the climate cooled. Caryophyllales Caryophyllales is a flowering plant order that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, and most carnivorous plants. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves. British Rail Class 41 There have been two distinct types of British Rail locomotive that are referred to as Class 41. British Rail Class 42 British Railways' (BR) Type 4 "Warship" class diesel-hydraulic locomotives were introduced in 1958. It was apparent at that time that the largest centre of expertise on diesel-hydraulic locomotives was in Germany. The Western Region of British Railways (in view of post-World War II sensibilities) negotiated a licence with German manufacturers to scale down the German Federal Railway's "V200" design to suit the smaller loading gauge of the British network, and to allow British manufacturers to construct the new design. The resultant design bears a close resemblance both cosmetically and in the engineering employed. They were divided into two batches: examples built at BR's Swindon works were numbered in the series D800 to D832 and from D866 to D870, had a maximum tractive effort of 52,400 pounds force and are the British Rail Class 42 of this article. 33 others, D833-865, were constructed by the North British Locomotive Company and became British Rail Class 43. They were allocated to Bristol Bath Road, Plymouth Laira, Newton Abbot and Old Oak Common. British Rail Class 43 There have been two types of British Rail locomotive that have been allocated Class 43. British Rail Class 44 The British Rail Class 44 or Sulzer Type 4 diesel locomotives were built by British Railways' Derby Works between 1959 and 1960. They were named after British mountains, and were then nicknamed Peaks. British Rail Class 45 The British Rail Class 45 also known as the Sulzer Type 4 diesel locomotives were built by British Rail at their Derby and Crewe Works between 1960 and 1962. They were the successors to the Class 44 locomotives. When initially put into service the locomotives were fitted with multi-unit working and steam heating boilers for passenger service. In the early 1970s fifty were fitted with electric train supply in place of their steam heating boilers, and assigned to work services on the Midland Main Line from London St Pancras to Nottingham, Derby and Sheffield. All were withdrawn from service by 1989. British Rail Class 46 The British Rail Class 46 is a class of diesel locomotive. They were built from 1961–1963 at British Railways' Derby Works and were initially numbered D138-D193. With the arrival of TOPS computer system they were renumbered to Class 46. Fifty-six locomotives were built. The first was withdrawn in 1977 and all of them were withdrawn by 1984. The Class 46 design was structurally the same as the earlier Class 45 build, and had the same Sulzer engine. It differed in the fitment of a Brush generator and traction motors, in place of the Crompton Parkinson equipment fitted to the Class 45. British Rail Class 47 The British Rail Class 47 (Originally Brush Type 4) is a class of British railway diesel-electric locomotive that was developed in the 1960s by Brush Traction. A total of 512 Class 47s were built at Crewe Works and Brush's Falcon Works, Loughborough between 1962 and 1968, which made them the most numerous class of British mainline diesel locomotive. They were fitted with the Sulzer 12LDA28C twelve-cylinder diesel engine producing (later derated to 2580 bhp to improve reliability), and have been used on both passenger and freight trains on Britain's railways for over 40 years. Despite the introduction of more modern types of traction, as of 2008 a significant number are still in use, both on the mainline and on heritage railways. As of December 2008, 103 locomotives still exist, with 29 working on the mainline. British Rail Class 48 The British Rail Class 48 was a diesel locomotive class which consisted of five examples, built at Brush Falcon Works in Loughborough and delivered between September 1965 and July 1966. They were part of the British Rail Class 47 order, but differed from their classmates by being fitted with a Sulzer V12 12LVA24 power unit producing , as opposed to the standard 12LDA28C twin-bank twelve-cylinder unit of the remaining fleet. British Rail Class 50 The British Rail (BR) Class 50 is a diesel locomotive built from 1967–68 by English Electric at their Vulcan Foundry Works in Newton-le-Willows. Fifty of these locomotives were built to haul express passenger trains on the, then non-electrified, section of the West Coast Main Line between Crewe, Carlisle and Scotland. They were originally hired from English Electric Leasings, not being purchased outright by BR until around 1973. Under the pre-1968 classification system these locomotives were known as the English Electric Type 4. The class were affectionately nicknamed "Hoovers" by rail enthusiasts because of their distinctive engine sound, caused by the centrifugal air filters originally fitted. These proved unreliable, and were later removed, but the "Hoover" nickname stuck. British Rail Class 52 British Rail assigned Class 52 to the class of 74 large Type 4 diesel-hydraulic locomotives built for the Western Region of British Railways between 1961 and 1964. All were given two-word names, with the first word being "Western", and thus the type became known as Westerns. British Rail Class 53 British Rail gave the name Class 53 to the single Brush Traction-built example train Falcon. Although it worked, the idea of Class 53 was made old by new locomotive technology (like the power from single low-speed diesel engines) and was never made twice. British Rail Class 55 The British Rail Class 55 is a class of diesel locomotive built between 1961 and 1962 by English Electric. They were designed for the high-speed express passenger services on the East Coast Main Line between London King's Cross and Edinburgh. They gained the name "Deltic" from the prototype locomotive, DP1 "Deltic", which in turn was named for its Napier Deltic power units. 22 locomotives were built, and they dominated services on the line until their withdrawal at the end of 1981. Six locomotives were preserved and are still running today. British Rail Class 56 The British Rail Class 56 is a type of diesel locomotive designed for heavy freight work. It is a Type 5 locomotive, with a Ruston-Paxman power unit developing 3,250bhp (2,423kW), and has a Co-Co wheel arrangement. The fleet was introduced between 1976 and 1983. The first thirty locomotives (Nos.56001-56030) were built by Electroputere in Romania, but these suffered from poor construction standards, and many were withdrawn from service early. The remaining 105 locomotives were built by BREL at Doncaster Works (Nos.56031 to 56115) and Crewe Works (Nos.56116 to 56135). Enthusiasts nicknamed them "Grids", likely due to the grid-like horn cover on the locomotive's cab ends. The 'Grid' name was given due to the fact that class 56 locomotives were the main motive power used on merry-go-round coal deliveries to national grid power stations. British Rail Class 57 The British Rail Class 57 diesel locomotives is a diesel locomotive that was built by Brush Traction between 1997 and 2004. They are rebuilds, with new engines, of older Class 47 locomotives, originally introduced in 1964–1965. They are known as "bodysnatchers", or "Zombies" to enthusiasts, because the shell (body) of the class 47 has been stripped, rewired and re-engined. The first ever class 57 named was “Freightliner Envy” after the first one entering Freightliner. British Rail Class 58 The British Rail Class 58 is a class of Co-Co diesel locomotive designed for heavy freight. Introduced in 1982, they followed American practice of modularisation. From new they were painted in grey Railfreight Sector livery, instead of BR blue. EWS withdrew them in 2002 after 20 years in service, though 30 were subsequently hired abroad—four to the Netherlands, eight to Spain, and twenty to France. British Rail Class 59 The Class 59 Co-Co diesel locomotives were built and introduced between 1985 and 1995 by General Motors Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD) for private British companies, initially Foster Yeoman. They were designed for hauling heavy freight and designated JT26CW-SS. British Rail Class 60 The British Rail Class 60 is a class of Co-Co diesel locomotive designed for heavy freight work. While they remain the most powerful diesel locomotives in the UK fleet they have suffered from poor reliability throughout their service life. British Rail Class 66 The Class 66 locomotive is a development of the Class 59 and used both on British and European railway networks—where it is marketed as EMD Series 66. British Rail Class 67 The Class 67 locomotives are a type of diesel electric locomotives built from 1999 to 2000 by Alstom in Valencia, Spain under sub-contract from General Motors Diesel in Canada. British Rail Class 70 The British Rail class 70 was a class of three 3rd rail Co-Co electric locomotives. The initial two were built by the Southern Railway at Ashford Works in 1941 and 1945 and were numbered CC1 and CC2. Electrical equipment was designed by Alfred Raworth and the body by Oliver Bulleid. CC2 was modified slightly from the original design by C. M. Cock who had succeeded Raworth as Electrical Engineer. The third was built by British Railways in 1948 and numbered 20003. Freightliner Project Genesis The Class 70 is a British designation for a type of diesel locomotive made by General Electric, which calls the type PowerHaul. The first were built for Freightliner (UK) by General Electric in a country in the USA. On 10 January 2011, while being unloaded by a crane from a boat after delivery, locomotive number 70012 was dropped from about 13 feet in the air back into the boat. Balaenoptera omurai Balaenoptera omurai is a species of whale. Little is known about it. It is called the dwarf fin whale, the little fin whale, or Omura's whale. It gets up to 11. 5 meters (about 38 feet) long. It lives in the Indo-Pacific. "Balaenoptera omurai" is one of the Bryde's whales, a group of closely related and similar whales. Rook (chess) A rook (from Persian رخ "rokh") is a piece in the board game of chess. It gets its name from its name in the old Indo-Arabic game (see History of chess). Each player starts the game with two rooks. When recording games, it is shortened to R, and when printed a figurine is used. Starting place and moving. In chess notation, the white rooks start on the "a1" and "h1" squares, and the black rooks start on the "a8" and "h8" squares. The rook moves forward or back on the files through any number of squares without other pieces on them, and sideways on the ranks. This is shown in the diagram below. Like other pieces, it captures by going into the square on which an enemy piece stands. The rook and king also take part in a special move called castling. Angels & Airwaves Angels and Airwaves (AvA) is an American alternative rock band. It was formed by former Blink-182 singer and guitarist, Thomas DeLonge. The band’s current active lineup as a core trio, consists of Delonge, guitarist David Kennedy and drummer and bassist Ilan Rubin. DeLonge created the band angels and airwaves to bring good music to people ears. The band performed amazing live performances and was well liked by Delonge's fans. Most of the songs have long built up intros with guitars, synthesizer, drums and keyboards. Delonge showed over time that his live voice had improved since his time singing for Blink 182. Angels and Airwaves released their first album, "We Don't Need To Whisper" in 2005. The second studio album, "I-Empire" was released in October 2007. It was a more lighthearted album with a faster beat. AvA has toured very much. They have said that they will be playing for the second year in a row at Vans Warped tour. They will be playing the entire tour. Seven years after The Dream Walker (2014), Angels and Airwaves released their 6th album, Lifeforms. DeLonge has covered a few songs from Blink 182 but he has never played the full song in respect to his former band mates. He has played slowed versions of "Down", "I Miss You", "Not Now", and "Reckless Abandon". He only plays these songs by himself with his guitar. Kolathur Kolathur () is a town in Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. As of the 2001 India census, Kolathur had a population of 10,319. Males make up 53% of the population and females 47%. A total of 9% of the population is under 6 years of age. Martha Jones (Doctor Who) Dr. Martha Jones is a fictional character who is played by Freema Agyeman in the television series "Doctor Who" and its spin-off series, "Torchwood". She is a companion of the Tenth Doctor in "Doctor Who", replacing Rose Tyler in the role of the main companion. She made her first appearance in Series 3's "Smith and Jones", broadcast in the UK on 31 March 2007. Appearances. Television. Martha Jones is introduced in the 2007 series of "Doctor Who", first appearing in the episode "Smith and Jones". When the hospital she works at is moved to the Moon, Martha helps save the day alongside an alien time traveller known only as the Doctor (David Tennant). To thank her for her help, the Doctor invites her to join him for one trip in his time machine the TARDIS, but he later accepts her as his full-time "companion", admitting that she was "never just a passenger", and he even gives her the key to the TARDIS. Nevertheless, she becomes frustrated because the Doctor does not realise her feelings for him, When the Doctor falls in love(while believing himself to be a human) in the "Human Nature"/"The Family of Blood" two-parter, a pained Martha claims "You had to go and fall in love with a human... and it wasn't me". In the last episode of the series she spends a year travelling the world in a plan which saves the Doctor and reverses time, undoing the Master's actions. The character reappears in the 2008 series of the "Doctor Who" spin-off "Torchwood", which focuses on occasional "Doctor Who" companion Jack Harkness. She first appeared in the episode "Reset" as part of a three-episode story, Later in the Fourth Series of Doctor Who, Martha returns for a three-episode arc beginning with "The Sontaran Stratagem" and ending with "The Doctor's Daughter", Agyeman appears in the role again for the final two episodes of the series, "The Stolen Earth"/"Journey's End",where she has been promoted to a US division of UNIT. Other Appearances. Aside from television appearances, the character of Martha also appears in "Doctor Who" novels and comic books, some of which it is unknown if they are canon or not. In books, Martha appears in the "New Series Adventures" series of "Doctor Who" novels, published by BBC Books. The first book published was a "Quick Reads" novel, "Made of Steel" by Terrance Dicks (published before her first television appearance), and the character subsequently appeared in all novels in the series, starting with "Sting of the Zygons" by Stephen Cole and most recently in "The Many Hands" by Dale Smith. Freema Aygeman appears as the character on the cover of every novel. In late 2008 "The Story of Martha", a collection of stories focusing on Martha's adventures between "The Sound of Drums" and "Last of the Time Lords", will be published. In comic strip apperences,Martha has appeared in the "Doctor Who Magazine" strips from #381 onwards and the "Doctor Who Adventures" comics from #28 onwards. The character also appears in the "Battles in Time" series of comic books periodically. In 2007, American comic book publisher IDW Publishing announced their plans to do a series of Tenth Doctor and Martha comics for a America. When asked about canonicity, IDW executive editor Chris Ryall dodged the issue by saying all the comics are "blessed" by Russell T Davies but it is up to the individual how canonical each story is. Martha also appears in a Radio 4 "Torchwood" drama, "Lost Souls" which aired in Summer 2008. Louis Antoine Jullien Louis Antoine Jullien (23 April 1812 – 14 March 1860) was a French conductor who was famous for his showmanship. Life. Early years. Jullien was born in Sisteron, in the French Alps. At his baptism he had 36 godfathers and was given 36 Christian names. He studied at the Paris Conservatoire. He was a good musician, but mostly he enjoyed popular dance music. He conducted a band, but had to leave Paris because he owed people a lot of money. Career in England. He went to London where he formed a good orchestra. His orchestra played at a series of summer concerts (called "Concerts d’été"). Later he conducted a series of winter concerts ("Concerts d’hiver"). Although he was a good conductor he was a great showman. He would make a big show of putting on his white gloves which were given to him on a silver plate. He used a special baton (conductor’s stick) which had jewels in it when he conducted Beethoven. He wore a white waistcoat and enormous wrist bands, and he had a huge moustache and long, black hair. He would throw himself around when conducting and finish by sinking into a velvet chair. The audience loved it, especially when he added military bands to his orchestra. He used to conduct facing the audience. He conducted concerts in the London theatres and parks (promenade concerts). Jullien’s programmes included works by the great composers, e.g. Beethoven and Mozart, but they were always mixed with light music: dances, quadrilles, marches, etc. He often added lots of extra instruments to the great classics, e.g. when he conducted Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony he added four ophicleides, a saxophone and side drums. Jullien travelled to Scotland, Ireland and America with his orchestra. In 1852 he produced an opera, "Pietro il grande", at Covent Garden, but it cost a ridiculous amount of money and he was financially ruined. His final years. Eventually he went back to France where he was arrested and put in prison because of his debts. He died in a lunatic asylum. His wife, to whom he had been happily married, lived on for many years, and their son Louis became a conductor and tried to conduct promenade concerts, but he did not have much success. His reputation. Jullien’s behaviour might seem strange to us today, but he lived at a time when the role of the conductor was becoming very important as orchestras had become much larger than they had been in the 18th century. He gave people who had never heard good classical music the chance to hear the music by the great composers. He had a very big influence on the musical scene in London and people talked about him for many years after his death. Parachutes (Coldplay album) Parachutes is the debut studio album by Coldplay. The album was released on 10 July, 2000. "Parachutes" includes the hit singles "Don't Panic", "Trouble", "Yellow", and "Shiver". A Rush of Blood to the Head A Rush of Blood to the Head is the second studio album by Coldplay, released on 26 August, 2002. The album includes the singles "In My Place", "The Scientist", "Clocks", and "God Put a Smile Up On Your Face". X&Y (album) X&Y is the third studio album by Coldplay, and was released on 6 June, 2005. Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends (or short for simply Viva la Vida) is the fourth studio album by the rock band Coldplay. Released on 12 June 2008, Coldplay recorded "Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends" from June 2007 - April 2008. In November Coldplay re-released "Viva la Vida" (album) and added more songs to the album from their EP called "Prospekt's March". The singles "Violet Hill", "Viva la Vida", "Lost!", "Lost+ (ft. Jay-Z)", and "Lovers in Japan" are featured in the album and including the extended edition of "Viva la Vida: Prospekt's March Edition". Lost! Lost is a series of songs/singles recorded especially by Coldplay. The songs are a part of the full extended version of "Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends" called "Prospect's March Edition". British Rail Class 71 The British Rail Class 71 was an electric locomotive used on the Southern Region of British Railways. Unlike most other Southern Region electric locomotives (such as the class 73s & 74s) they could not operate away from the electrified (750 V DC third rail) system. British Rail Class 73 The British Rail Class 73 electro-diesel locomotives are very unusual in that they can operate from a 750 V DC third-rail supply but also have a diesel engine to allow them to operate on non-electrified routes. This makes them very versatile, although the diesel engine produces less power than is available from the third-rail supply so they rarely stray from the former Southern Region of British Rail. Following the withdrawal of the more powerful Class 74 electro-diesels in 1977, the Class 73 is now unique on the British rail system. British Rail Class 74 British Rail class 74 was an electro-diesel locomotive that operated on the Southern Region of British Railways, rebuilt from redundant Class 71 locomotives in the late 1960s. An electro-diesel locomotive is one that can operate either from an electrical supply, such as overhead lines or an energized third rail, or from an onboard diesel engine. British Rail Class 76 The British Rail Class 76, also known as Class EM1, is a class of 1.5kV DC, Bo-Bo electric locomotive designed for use on the now-closed Woodhead Line in Northern England. British Rail Class 80 Class 80 was the TOPS classification allocated by British Rail to the prototype 25 kV AC electric locomotive. This locomotive was built by Metropolitan-Vickers, initially as a prototype Gas turbine-electric locomotive, numbered 18100. British Rail allocated the number E1000 (and later E2001) to the locomotive following its conversion from gas turbine propulsion. British Rail Class 77 The British Rail Class 77, also known as Class EM2, is a class of 1.5 kV DC, Co-Co electric locomotive. They were built by Metropolitan Vickers in 1953–1954 for use over the Woodhead Line between Manchester and Sheffield. British Rail Class 81 The British Rail Class 81 was an AC electric locomotive that operated on the West Coast Main Line on the London Midland Region of British Rail. Only one was preserved. British Rail Class 84 The British Rail Class 84 was a 25 kV AC electric locomotive that operated on the West Coast Main Line on the London Midland Region. British Rail Class 86 The British Rail Class 86 is a modern electric locomotive built during the 1960s, developed as a result of testing to replace the British rail Classes 81, 82, 83, 84 and 85. One hundred of these locomotives were built from 1965-1966 by either English Electric at Vulcan Foundry, Newton-le-Willows, or British Rail (BR) at their Doncaster works. The class was built to haul trains on the then newly electrified West Coast Main Line, from London Euston, to Birmingham, Crewe, Manchester Piccadilly, Liverpool and later Preston and Glasgow. They helped to replace steam locomotives, which were finally withdrawn by BR in 1968. Most have been scrapped after accidents and other uses. Some were also exported to Hungary and Bulgaria. 3 have been preserved as of 2017. British Rail Class 87 The British Rail Class 87 is a type of electric locomotive built from 1973-75 by British Rail Engineering Limited (BREL). 36 of these locomotives were built to work passenger services over the West Coast Main Line (WCML). They were the flagships of British Rail's electric locomotive fleet until the late 1980s, when the Class 90s started to come onstream. The privatisation of British Rail saw all but one of the fleet transferred to Virgin Trains; they continued their duties until the advent of the new Pendolino trains, when they were transferred to other operators or withdrawn. The last Class 87 in UK mainline use was withdrawn from service on 31 December 2007. Most have now been sold for reuse in Bulgaria. British Rail Class 82 The British Rail Class 82 electric locomotives were built by Beyer, Peacock and Company between 1960 and 1962 as part of the West Coast Main Line electrification. British Rail Class 83 The British Rail Class 83 were electric locomotives built by English Electric at Vulcan Foundry, Newton-le-Willows as part of the West Coast Main Line electrification. British Rail Class 85 The British Rail Class 85 is an electric locomotive built during the early 1960s, as part of BR's policy to develop a standard electric locomotive. Five prototype classes (81-85) were built and evaluated, which eventually led to the development of the Class 86 locomotive. The locomotives of Class 85 were Originally fitted with germanium rectifiers which were eventually replaced by silicon rectifiers. Forty of these locomotives were built from 1961-64 by BR at Doncaster Works. The class were used to haul trains on the then newly electrified West Coast Main Line, from Birmingham, to Crewe, Manchester Piccadilly, Liverpool and later Preston. By 1965, electrification had spread south to London Euston. Under the earlier BR classification, the type was given the designation AL5 (meaning the 5th design of 25 kV AC Locomotive), and locomotives were numbered E3056-E3095. In 1968, this was changed to Class 85, when BR introduced a new computer numbering system. From 1971 onwards, locomotives were progressively renumbered into the 85001-040 series. Fifteen locomotives were converted for freight only use, numbered in the 85/1 series. These locomotives were restricted to 80 mph. British Rail Class 89 The Class 89 is a prototype design for an electric locomotive. Only one unit was built, no. 89001, which was officially named "Avocet" by the then Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher on January 16 1989 at Sandy, Bedfordshire - the home of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (whose logo is an avocet). It was built in 1986, by BREL at their Crewe Works, and was used on test-trains on both the West Coast Main Line and East Coast Main Line. It was fitted with advanced power control systems and develops over 6,000 bhp (4,500 kW). It was given the nickname "Aardvark" although the railfans used to call it "The Badger" owing to its sloping front ends. British Rail Class 90 The British Rail Class 90 electric locomotives are electric locomotives that were built by BREL at Crewe from 1987-1990. Each locomotive weighs 84.5 tonnes and has a top speed of . They operate from 25 kV AC overhead wires and produce . The class is employed on both express passenger services and heavy freight trains. Japan Cup The Japan Cup is the most important horse race in Japan. It is held at the end of November in the Tokyo Racecourse. The race is 2400 metres long and the winner gets about ¥533 million (about US $4.6 million) as an award (the highest reward for horse racing in the world). Winners. The 2002 race took place at Nakayama Racecourse over a distance of 2,200 metres. List of British Rail unbuilt locomotive classes There have been a number of TOPS class numbers assigned to proposed locomotives that have not been built for one reason or another. British Rail Class 91 The British Rail Class 91 is a class of 140 mph, 6,300 hp electric locomotives ordered specifically for the East Coast Main Line modernisation and electrification programme of the late 1980s. Built to replace the previous Class 43 (better known as the InterCity 125), the Class 91s were given the auxiliary name of InterCity 225 to indicate their status as a new version of the 125 and their envisaged top speed of 225 km/h (140 mph). The other end of the InterCity 225 train set is formed of a Driving Van Trailer, built with a similar bodyshell to the Class 91 locomotives. Enchanted Enchanted is a 2007 American fantasy romantic comedy musical movie. It was produced and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures in association with Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment. The story is about Giselle, a typical Disney Princess, who is forced from her traditional animated world into the live-action world of New York City. The movie was first shown on October 20, 2007, at the London Film Festival. It released on November 21, 2007 in the United States. "Enchanted" was well-received critically. It won the 2007 Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Motion Picture, received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three nominations at the 80th Academy Awards. The movie earned more than $340 million worldwide at the box office. Cast. Julie Andrews was the narrator of the story. Video game. A video game based on the movie was developed by Altron for Nintendo DS. It was released by Disney Interactive on November 7, 2007. British Rail Class 92 The Class 92 is a dual-voltage British railway locomotive which can run on 25 kV AC from overhead lines or 750 V DC from a third rail. It was designed specifically to operate services through the Channel Tunnel between Britain and France. Eurotunnel indicates the Class 92 locomotive as the reference for other locomotives which railway undertakings might want to get certified for usage in the Channel tunnel. British Rail Class 93 Class 93 is the traction classification assigned to the electric locomotives that were to enter service as part of British Rail's "InterCity 250" project on the West Coast Main Line. They would have been derived from the Class 91 locomotives that entered service on the East Coast Main Line in 1989. The locomotive would have been used along with a train of up to nine Mark 5 coaches and a DVT, similar to the "InterCity 225" sets. The locomotives would have been capable of up to 155 mph. Tenders to construct the locomotives and rolling stock were issued in March 1991, with an expected in service date of 1995; it was envisaged that up to 30 complete trains would be initially required, with a total cost estimated at £380 million. However, the InterCity 250 project was canceled in 1992, so the rolling stock orders were never made. Here is a picture of what the cab may have looked like. East Coast Main Line East Coast Main Line is an electrified main line between London and Edinburgh in United Kingdom. The trains on this line are operated by National Express East Coast. West Coast Main Line West Coast Main Line is a main line between London and Glasgow in United Kingdom. Train services are operated by Virgin Trains and CrossCountry. Georg Michaelis Georg Michaelis (8 September 1857 – 24 July 24 1936) became the first Chancellor of Germany with a non-noble background. Early life. Michaelis was born at Haynau in Silesia. He studied law in Breslau, Leipzig and Wurzburg. He graduated from Göttingen University in 1884. Career. He was invited by the Japanese government to teach at the German school of law in Tokyo from 1885 to 1889. When he returned to Germany, he joined the civil service. The Emperor appointed him Reich Chancellor ("Reichskanzler") from July to November 1917. 1994 Atlantic hurricane season The 1994 Atlantic hurricane season was the time from June 1 to November 30, 1994, when hurricanes officially formed in the Atlantic Ocean. Storms sometimes form before and after these dates but most storms form during the season. However, in this season no Tropical Cyclone formed after November 30, the end of the season because the last storm, Hurricane Gordon died on November 21, just nine days before the 30th. The season was unusual in that it produced no major hurricanes, which are those of Category 3 status or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The strongest, Hurricane Florence, it's top winds were at a Category 2 storm with winds of 110 mph (175 km/h). Aside from Chris, Florence, and Gordon, none of the storms became hurricanes. A famous hurricane from 1994 would probably be Hurricane Gordon. Hurricane Gordon was a strange long lived November hurricane that killed at least 1,100 people in Haiti. Storms. Tropical Storm Alberto. Alberto formed from a north-moving tropical depression north of the Yucatán Peninsula on July 2. Tropical Storm Alberto continued north, making landfall near Destin, Florida on July 3 as a moderately strong tropical storm. The storm weakened quickly to a tropical depression, which then moved around Georgia and Alabama until it dissipated on July 7. Damage was guessed at $500 million (1994 USD) and 30 deaths were caused by the effects of Tropical Storm Alberto. Tropical Depression Two. Tropical Depression Two formed near South Carolina on the 19th. The depression moved north making landfall in South Carolina and dissipated on July 23rd. No damage or deaths reported. Tropical Storm Beryl. Beryl formed off the Florida Panhandle on August 15, only twelve hours before it made landfall near Panama City, Florida. Beryl quickly strengthened before landfall and reached its top winds of 60 mph. Beryl caused inland flooding as it moved through Georgia, across the Carolinas, and all the way to Connecticut where it was absorbed by a frontal system. Damage was guessed at $73 million (1994 USD). Though it caused no deaths, a lot of people were injured by the 37 tornadoes Beryl produced as it weakened. Hurricane Chris. Chris formed midway between the Lesser Antilles and Cape Verde on August 17, and reached hurricane strength the next day. It moved to the northwest and turned north and brushed Bermuda as a weak tropical storm on the 21st. Chris continued north, and dissipated without causing any damage Tropical Depression Five. The wave that would become Tropical Depression Five was tracked beginning on August 17. The wave was upgraded into a depression on August 29 near the Yucatán Peninsula. Tropical Depression Five made landfall in Tampico on the 31st and dissipating the same day over Mexico. No damage was caused by Tropica Depression Five. Tropical Storm Debby. Tropical Storm Debby formed on September 10, just east of the lesser antilies. The storm crossed some of the islands, and dissipated south of Puerto Rico on the 11th. Nine people dead because of Tropical Storm Debby. Damage estimates are not available. It cause flooding and mudslides in Saint Lucia. Tropical Storm Ernesto. Ernesto formed southwest of Cape Verde on September 22 it became Tropical Storm Ernesto. It moved north for two days, and by the 24th had weakened to a tropical depression. Two days later Ernesto dissipated without affecting any land. Tropical Depression Eight. Tropical Depression Eight formed on September 19 in the southwestern Caribbean Sea. The wave strengthened into Tropical Depression Eight on September 24 near Honduras. Tropical Depression Eight made landfall in Mexico and dissipated the next day over Guatemala. Some reports show that the remnants of Eight became Tropical Depression Ten. Tropical Depression Nine. Tropical Depression Nine form off the coast of Africa on September 26. It was upgraded to the ninth depression of the 1994 season, 150 miles southeast from the Cape Verde Islands the next day. The depression moved north and dissipated on September 29. Tropical Depression Ten. An area of disturbed weather, related to Tropical Depression Eight, moved across the northwest Caribbean Sea and the Yucatán Peninsula. A tropical wave moved into the area, causing an increase in showers and cloudiness. The wave became Tropical Depression Ten on September 29 about 150 miles off the coast of Cuba. The system became better-organized and when the depression moved into the Gulf of Mexico, it was absorbed by a non-tropical system on 30th. Tropical Depression Ten caused $5 million in damage (1994 USD). Hurricane Florence. Florence, at first formed as a subtropical depression in the central Atlantic on November 2. As it northwest, it took on tropical characteristics and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Florence on the 4th. It reached hurricane strength, then turned to the northeast and on November 6, as it was picked up by a strong trough. Two days later Florence was absorbed by the same trough that made it turn northeast. There was no reported damage. Hurricane Gordon. Hurricane Gordon was a very deadly and damaging tropical storm for the Caribbean, Florida and parts of North Carolina. The storm was very slow moving on its path over the Caribbean. This storm killed over 1100 people (estimates range between 500 and 2300 people dead through Haiti and the central Caribbean islands, including Jamaica and Cuba). The storm's strange motion was making Hurricane Gordon hard to forecast where it would actually go and where it would reach land. Damage was guessed to be at $400 million (1994 US dollars). Nor'easter. Around Christmas in 1994 a nor'easter may have had tropical characteristics, though it was not called a tropical system. It affected the Mid-Atlantic and New England causing damage at $21 million. Unused. In 1994, only 7 out of 21 names were used. The following names were supposed to be used: Retirement. No names retired as a result all name would be used again in 2000 British Rail Class 100 The British Rail Class 100 diesel multiple units were built by Gloucester Railway Carriage & Wagon Company Limited from 1956 to 1958, designed and built in collaboration with the Transport Sales Dept. of T.I. (Group Services) Ltd. British Rail Class 101 The British Rail Class 101 diesel multiple units were built by Metro-Cammell at Washwood Heath in Birmingham from 1956 to 1959, following the construction of a series of prototype units. This class proved to be the most successful and longest-lived of all BR's "First Generation" DMUs, with the final five units being withdrawn on 24 December 2003. The oldest set was, by then, just over 47 years old. British Rail Class 103 The British Rail Class 103 diesel multiple units were built by Park Royal Vehicles with diesel engines by British United Traction (BUT). Ordered in the first half of 1955, 20 of these sets were built by Park Royal at the Crossley Motors works in Stockport of the ACV Group. They consisted of a power car and a driving trailer. Standard BUT equipment was fitted, with 'A' type engines. A two-car set with 16 first class and 100 second class seats weighed just under 60 long tons, representing 1,150 lb (520 kg) a seat and had 5 hp per ton of empty weight or 4.35 hp per ton when full. British Rail Class 104 The British Rail Class 104 diesel multiple units were built by Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company from 1957 to 1959. The first units ordered were for the London Midland Region, with the majority of the class for use in North West of England with sets also in Tyneside (being made redundant by the opening of the Tyne & Wear Metro in 1980). In the mid-1980s a few units reallocated to Scotland, with one unit being repainted in a unique maroon and white livery for services to Oban - it became known as the "Mexican Bean". Other vehicles spent time in London and the last vehicles could be found there in the early 1990s. The class was gradually taken of service from the early 1980s. The final vehicles were withdrawn in 1995. British Rail Class 105 The British Rail Class 105 diesel multiple units were built by Cravens Ltd. of Sheffield from 1956 to 1959. The class were built with a side profile identical to British Railways Mark 1 carriage stock, using the same doors and windows. None were selected for refurbishment. The last passenger car was withdrawn from service in 1988. British Rail Class 107 The British Rail Class 107 diesel multiple units were built by the Derby Works of British Railways and were introduced in 1960. The class looked similar to the later Class 108 units, but were heavier - having been built out of steel. British Rail Class 108 The British Rail Class 108 diesel multiple units were built by BR Derby from 1958 to 1961, with a final production quantity of 333 vehicles. These units stayed in were used till the 1990s after which they were withdrawn from traffic. British Rail Class 109 The British Rail Class 109 is a class of 2-car diesel multiple units built in 1957 by Wickham & Co. Five two-car units were built featuring an unusual body design. The units soon became non-standard and two were sold back to the manufacturer who exported them to Trinidad and Tobago. Another unit was converted into departmental service, and survived in BR ownership until the early 1980s. Yeh Dil Aap Ka Huwa Yeh Dil Aap Ka Huwa () is a 2002 Pakistani Urdu movie starring Sana, Moammar Rana and Saleem Sheikh among others. It was directed by Javed Sheikh and ran successfully in theaters across Pakistan. The movie's soundtrack composed by Amjad Bobby was a success prior to its release. British Rail Class 110 The Class 110 DMUs were built by the Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company in conjunction with the Drewry Car Co. to operate services on the former Lancashire and Yorkshire main line, and spent their entire careers based around this same area. This earned them the name of the 'Calder Valley' sets. They were an updated version of the Class 104, with a revised cab design and raised bodyside window frames. British Rail Class 111 The Class 111 DMUs were based on Class 101/2s, but with different engines. The only external body difference was on the final batch of cars where a four character headcode box was fitted above the front cab windows, with the destination indicator on top of a reduced height centre window. The first cars built, part of an order for 339 Met-Camm cars, were 4 power/trailer sets for the LMR Manchester area built in early 1957. One of these had supercharged 230 hp 6-cylinder engines. This was followed by ten 3-car sets comprising DMBS/TS/DMC for the NER at Bradford, then a further twenty 3-car sets. British Rail Class 112 The Class 112 DMUs used the standard Cravens body used for Class 105s but had a single Rolls-Royce engine of 238 hp per car, and they were all formed into 'power twins'- two car sets with both vehicles powered. There were two batches built, the first 50 vehicles (25 sets) had standard mechanical transmission via a gearbox and were allocated the Class 112. The second batch of 50 cars (25 sets) had hydraulic transmission, and became Class 113s. The cars were built for services in the LMR Central Division and in the Liverpool - St Helens area, where the gradients in the Lancashire & Yorkshire area required more power. Both types also spent some time working from Cricklewood. The gross weight of a set with all seats occupied was approximately 70 tons, giving 6.8 hp per ton. Empty, it was 8.1 hp/ton, which compared favourably with 5.7 hp/ton that the Cravens power/trailer had. British Rail Class 114 The British Rail Class 114 diesel multiple units were built by BR Derby from 1956 to 1957. Forty-nine 2-car units were built, numbered 50001-49 for driving motors (later renumbered 53001-49) and 56001-49 for driving trailers (later renumbered 54001-49). The units were used on services in the West Midlands, Lincolnshire and Humberside. 1995 Atlantic hurricane season The 1995 Atlantic hurricane season was the time from June 1 to November 30, 1995 when hurricanes officially formed in the Atlantic Ocean. Storms sometimes form before and after these dates but most storms form during the season. No storms formed after November 30 in the 1995 season. The 1995 season was extremely active, largely due to favorable conditions including a La Niña and warm sea surface temperatures. Nineteen named storms formed during the season, making it the third most active on record behind the 2005 and 1933 seasons and tied with 1887 season. There were also eleven storms that reached hurricane strength, again the third most hurricanes in one season after the 1969 and 2005 seasons. This season broke the record for the most Tropical Cyclones at a time in the Atlantic with five storm at a time from August 22 to September 1 – Humberto, Iris, Jerry, Karen, and Luis, were the names of the storms at the same time. Storms. Tropical Depression Six. On August 4, Tropical Depression Six formed in the Bay of Campeche. Six made landfall in over Mexico and dissipated on August 6, never reaching tropical storm strength. There were no reports of damage or deaths. Tropical Storm Gabrielle. Tropical Storm Gabrielle formed on August 9 and nearly became a hurricane but it made landfall in Mexico, near La Pesca, Tamaulipas, on August 11. Tropical Storm Gabrielle dissipated the next day without ever reaching hurricane status causing no damage or deaths. Tropical Storm Jerry. Tropical Storm Jerry formed just off the Florida coast near Andros Island on August 23 as Tropical Depression Eleven. Jerry made landfall at as a very weak tropical storm. Jerry made landfall in Jupiter, Florida. Jerry dissipated on the 28th over Georgia. Hurricane Luis. Hurricane Luis was one of the most powerful storms of the very active 1995 Atlantic hurricane season. Hurricane Luis was the strongest storm to hit the Leeward Islands since Hurricane Hugo in 1989. Luis was one of the four tropical cyclones active from August 22 to September 1 along with Humberto, Iris, Jerry, and Karen. Tropical Depression Fourteen. Tropical Depression Fourteen started on September 9. Fourteen moved mostly to the northwest, which made it further from land. It never became a tropical storm before it died on September 13. Hurricane Opal. Opal started on September 27, just to the east of the Yucatan Peninsula. It soon made landfall before becoming a tropical storm. As soon as it enter the Gulf of Mexico it became a tropical storm. It soon became a hurricane and strengthened fast. Hurricane Opal was stopped at a category 4 hurricane. When it made landfall in Florida on October 3, it was a category 2 hurricane. Tropical Storm Sebastien. Tropical Storm Sebastien formed on August 20 from a tropical wave just east of the Lesser Antilles. Sebastien remained rather weak, moving northwest through light wind shear. Sebastien took a sharp turn and started moving south-southwest. On October 24, Sebastien weakened to a depression and made landfall in Anguilla. By this time, Sebastien had entered a low level flow as well as increasing wind shear. On October 25 Sebastien dissipated over the northern Caribbean Sea. Although its remnants still caused heavy rain over Hispaniola and Puerto Rico. Hurricane Tanya. The 1995 season ended with Hurricane Tanya, the first storm to be get a name beginning with 'T' since hurricane naming began in the Atlantic basin in 1950 it was the only until Tropical Storm Tammy in 2005. Storm names. This list is the names set aside for use in for Atlantic tropical cyclones in 1995. Notice that only Van and Wendy aren't used they are marked in . Retirement. In the Spring of 1996 the names Luis, Marilyn, Opal, and Roxanne were retired. Lorenzo, Michelle, Olga, and Rebekah were placed on the list in 2001 instead. Red giant A red giant is a giant star that has the mass of about one-half to ten times the mass of our Sun. Red giants get their name because they appear to be colored red and they are very large. Many red giants could fit thousands and thousands of suns like ours inside of them. Aldebaran, Arcturus, Betelgeuse and Mira are red giants. Right now, our Sun is a main-sequence star, not a red giant. However, five billion years from now, scientists believe our sun will become a red giant. It will be about 200 times bigger in diameter than it is now. It will become so big it will swallow up Mercury, Venus and possibly the Earth. How a star becomes a red giant. All new stars change hydrogen to helium through nuclear fusion. This makes a lot of energy (e.g. light and heat). In a normal star, like our Sun and all other main-sequence stars, this change happens at the very center of the star. Sooner or later, almost all of the hydrogen at the center has changed to helium. This causes the nuclear reaction to stop. The center will start to get smaller due to the star's gravity. This makes the layer just outside the center get hotter. This layer still has hydrogen. This hydrogen will fuse to make helium. With this new source of power, the outer layers of the star will get much, much bigger. The star will get brighter, sometimes as much as ten thousand times as bright as when it was on the main sequence. Since the outside of the star is bigger, the energy will be spread over a much larger area. Because of this, the temperature of the surface will go down and the color will change to red or orange. The red giant phase is temporary. It is shorter than the billions of years a star spends on the main sequence. Soon (in only hundreds of millions of years) red giants will start to fuse helium to make other elements like carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. Some of their outer layers will blow away, leaving interstellar gas and dust circling the star. In time, most red giants will become white dwarfs. Very large red giants become neutron stars or black holes. Hypergiant A hypergiant (luminosity class 0) is a star with an enormous mass and luminosity, It shows signs of a very high rate of mass loss. The exact definition is not yet settled. Hypergiants are the largest stars in the universe, usually larger than supergiants. The hypergiant with the largest known diameter is Stephenson 2-18, which is about 2,150 times wider than the Sun. Another large hypergiant is NML Cygni, about 1,650 times wider than the Sun. It is one of the extreme luminous supergiant stars. A pulsating red hypergiant named UY Scuti is probably larger, with a radius of about 1,700 times the sun. Hypergiants are very hard to find and they have a short lifespan because of their size. While the Sun has a lifespan of around 10 billion years, hypergiants will only exist for a few million years. Spectrum. There are two special groups: luminous blue variables (LBV), and yellow hypergiants. Both of these types are very rare, with only a few examples in the Milky Way galaxy. Their rareness is probably because each type passes through this stage quite rapidly. Stability. As luminosity of stars increases greatly with mass, the luminosity of hypergiants often lies very close to the Eddington limit. This is the luminosity at which the force of the star's gravity equals the radiation pressure outward. This means that the radiative flux passing through the photosphere of a hypergiant may be nearly strong enough to lift away the photosphere. Above the Eddington limit, the star would generate so much radiation that parts of its outer layers would be thrown off in massive outbursts. This would effectively restrict the star from shining at higher luminosities for longer periods. A good candidate for hosting a continuum-driven wind is Eta Carinae, one of the most massive stars ever observed. Its mass is about 130 solar masses and its luminosity four million times that of the Sun. Eta Carinae may occasionally exceed the Eddington limit. The last time might have been outbursts observed in 1840–1860. These reached mass loss rates much higher than stellar winds would normally allow. Another theory to explain the massive outbursts of Eta Carinae is the idea of a deeply situated hydrodynamic explosion, blasting off parts of the star’s outer layers. The idea is that the star, even at luminosities below the Eddington limit, would have insufficient heat convection in the inner layers, resulting in a density inversion potentially leading to a massive explosion. The theory has, however, not been explored very much, and it is uncertain whether this really can happen. Shiver (Coldplay song) "Shiver" is a single released by rock band Coldplay. "Shiver" was released off the album "Parachutes" in March 2000. A re-release was released a year later in February 2001. Format. The format of the single by Coldplay is a CD. It plays as an Extended Play (or EP). Yellow (Coldplay song) "Yellow" is a song by English alternative rock band Coldplay. The band wrote the song and co-produced it with British record producer Ken Nelson. It was for their first album "Parachutes". The song's lyrics are a reference to band vocalist Chris Martin's unreturned love. The song was released across the world in June 2000. It was the second single off the album following "Shiver". It was the lead single in the United States. The single reached number four in the UK Singles Chart. This gave the band their first top-five hit in the United Kingdom. Helped by heavy rotation and usage in promotions, the song made the band very popular. Various recording artists worldwide have since made their own versions of "Yellow". It remains one of the band's most popular songs. Background and inspiration. "Yellow" was written in a Rockfield studio in Wales. The studio is called the Quadrangle. It is where Coldplay began working on their first album, "Parachutes". One night after finishing recording "Shiver", the lead single of the album, the band took a break and went out of the studio. Outside, there were few lights on and the stars in the sky were visible and "just amazing", according to the song's co-producer, Ken Nelson. He told the band to look at the stars. The band looked at the stars and felt generally inspired. The song's main melody popped into the head of Chris Martin, the band's vocalist. The melody was a chord pattern. At first, Martin did not take it seriously "as he relayed the tune to the rest of the band in his worst Neil Young impersonation voice". Martin has said, "The song had the word 'stars' and that seemed like a word you should sing in a Neil Young voice." The melody "started off a lot slower" according to Will Champion, the band's drummer, and sounded like a Neil Young song. Not long after, despite not taking the song seriously, Martin's idea worked out when he had developed the tempo of the verse. When Jonny Buckland, the band's guitarist, started playing it and added to it with his own ideas, they had created the riff, "and it sort of got a bit heavier". While composing the song's lyrics, however, Martin could not find the right words. He was thinking of a specific word to fit the song's main idea and theme. He thought that this missing word was a key word in the lyrics. He looked around the studio and found the telephone directory "Yellow Pages". Martin later titled the song "Yellow" as a reference to the directory. But according to him, "In an alternate universe, this song could be called 'Playboy.'" The lyrics progressed from there with the band collaborating. The band's bassist Guy Berryman came up with the opening line "Look at the stars". That night, having quickly composed the song, the band recorded it. Recording and production. The band and Nelson produced the track. Nelson was introduced to the band's music through the band's manager. Nelson's manager gave him a copy of an EP and single by Coldplay. Nelson wanted to work them after seeing the band perform live. "Yellow" was first recorded upstairs in the project studio. This was a demo room in Liverpool's Parr Street Studios. Nelson and the band had some problems when they were making some parts of the song. Champion said that "... it was really difficult to record, because it worked at about five or six different tempos. It was a tough choice of choosing which tempo to play, because sometimes it sounded too rushed, and sometimes it sounded as if it was dragging..." The band tried to get the tempo correct, according to Nelson, "because a beat either side of the tempo we picked didn't have the same groove". To improve the song, they recorded this part live and Buckland overdubbed his guitar. They recorded it two or three times until Nelson and the band were happy at the output. The band recorded backing vocals in the control room of Quadrangle. Nelson used an analogue tape to record most of the tracks in the album. As recording progressed, "Yellow" was one of a couple of songs that they "couldn't quite get on analogue". They recorded different versions, but they did not satisfy their taste. So Nelson used Pro Tools "to get the feel of [the track] just right". Once all of the takes were recorded into the computer, "we then put it down to the 2-inch, which I found was a great way to do it", according to Nelson. Composition. The song opens with an acoustic guitar part. This is backed by an electric guitar copying the acoustic guitar. It then forwards to the lead guitar line. It then goes back to the acoustic section. Its instrumentation is varied, including the drums, cymbals, and the occasional hi-hat and ascending bass guitar. "Yellow" features Martin's falsetto, and nearly spoken-word whispers. Martin, after the song's mixing, felt that his voice was "too subdued, too quiet". Martin has explained that "'Yellow' refers to the mood of the band. Brightness and hope and devotion." The references in some of the song's lyrics, including the swimming and drawing a line, "are all metaphorical slants on the extent of his emotional devotion". The drawing of a line refers to Martin's habit of writing lists and underlining those important things on the list. Martin has commented that the song is about devotion. He refers to his unreturned love (Martin was single at the time he wrote the song). Most people have considered "Yellow" as a happy song, even though the lyrics do not seem to be. Release and reception. "Yellow" and "Shiver" were first released as EPs in the spring of 2000. "Yellow" was later released as a single in UK on 26 June 2000. The single includes the songs "Help Is Round the Corner" and "No More Keeping My Feet on the Ground". The third song was taken from the band's first EP, "Safety". In the United States, however, the song was released as the lead single off the album. In October 2000, the track was sent to US college and alternative radio outlets. The band released a limited-edition CD of "Trouble", the third single off "Parachutes", which features a remix of "Yellow". It was pressed to 1,000 copies, and was issued only to fans and journalists. The single received a massive radio airplay, particularly on BBC Radio 1. This was helped by its TV reception through its music video. The reaction was mostly positive. Even BBC Radio 2 played the track repeatedly. This heavy rotation continued for months after its release. "Yellow" eventually became 2000's most played song on the radio. The song is also regularly played at various British clubs, bars and sporting events. People often sing along when it is played. The song is often played during home games at English Championship club Watford. "Yellow" was used as the theme song for ABC fall television ads a month after the album was released in the United States. The song was also used as the theme music for The Cancer Council Australia's "Daffodil Day". This was in recognition of that organisation's official flower's yellow hue. Critics were positive towards the song. Matt Diehl of "Rolling Stone" magazine has noted "Yellow" is "unrepentantly romantic". He added that "the band creates a hypnotic slo-mo otherworld where spirit rules supreme". "Yellow" won Best Single at the 2001 "NME" Carling Awards. It was nominated at the 2002 Grammy Awards for Best Rock Song and Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. "Billboard" said that "every time that electric-guitar riff barges in, you're hooked all over again." Impact and legacy. Brian Hiatt of "Rolling Stone" magazine has said that the song was a career-making record. Roach has claimed in his book, "Coldplay: Nobody Said It Was Easy", that although "Shiver" earned the band their first UK Top 40 single, it was "Yellow" that has changed "everything", and that it "exemplifies so much of what had made Coldplay so popular". In the US, after it was being used in promos of ABC, the band grew in popularity which continued in 2001. According to Barry Walters in his review of Coldplay's second album, "A Rush of Blood to the Head", for "Spin" magazine, the band is still known in the United States for their "surprise smash 'Yellow'". A "Billboard" magazine review said, "After one single ('Yellow') and its accompanying album ("Parachutes"  ... ), Coldplay have already been anointed heir to the Brit-rock throne." The song has since been regarded as the centerpiece track on the album. Following the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, "Yellow" was the first video played on MTV once normal programming resumed. Don't Panic (Coldplay song) "Don't Panic" is a single by British rock band Coldplay. The single was recorded in 1996. Coldplay released the single off the hit studio album called "Parachutes" which was released on July 10, 2000. In My Place "In My Place" was released August 2002. The single was released off the hit album "A Rush of Blood to the Head"" released by rock band Coldplay in 2002. "In My Place" was well received by critics. The song was praised for its music and the deep meaning of its words. "In My Place" won Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal at the 45th Grammy Awards. The music video was nominated for two MuchMusic Video Awards in 2003 in the categories of Best international video–group and People's Choice: Favorite international group. It begins with one crash of a cymbal. After that, there are two bars of 4/4 drumming, then a sad three-note guitar line, and Chris Martin's singing. List of video games featuring Mario Over the years, "Mario" has become a famous video game character. He stars in many video games and even has his own series of video games and its spinoff series, the "Donkey Kong," "Yoshi", and "Wario" series. The following course of video games Mario has appeared in over the years is listed below: Târgovişte Târgovişte is a city in the Dâmboviţa County of Romania. About 89,000 people lived in Târgovişte as of the year 2003. Antonio Machado Antonio Cipriano José María y Francisco de Santa Ana Machado y Ruiz, known as Antonio Machado (July 26, 1875 – February 22, 1939), was a Spanish poet and one of the leading figures of the Spanish literary movement known as the Generation of '98. Garcilaso de la Vega Garcilaso de la Vega (Toledo, c. 1501– Le Muy, Nice, France, October 14, 1536), was a Spanish soldier and poet. The prototypical "Renaissance man", he was the most influential (though not the first or the only) poet to introduce Italian Renaissance verse forms, poetic techniques and themes to Spain. His exact birth date is unknown, but estimations by scholars put his year of birth between 1498 and 1503. Nepenthes The Nepenthes, often known as "Tropical Pitcher Plants" or "Monkey Cups", are a genus of carnivorous plants in the family of the Nepenthaceae consisting of about 120 species (this number is fast increasing, with one to two new species being described each year). Many hybrids exist, both natural and created by humans. These plants come from South China, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines; westward to Madagascar and the Seychelles ; southward to Australia and New Caledonia ; and northward to India and Sri Lanka . Many are plants from hot humid lowland areas, but the majority are from high in the mountains where nights are cold. Nepenthes are often categorized as being lowland or highland varieties, depending on how high they live above sea level. Lowland varieties usually require high temperature and humidity levels. Highland varieties usually require warm days but cold and humid nights. The name "Nepenthes" was first published in 1737 in Carolus Linnaeus's "Hortus Cliffortianus". Nepenthes traps contain a fluid of the plant's own production, which may be watery or syrupy and is used to drown prey. The trapping efficiency of this fluid remains high, even when significantly diluted by water, as inevitably happens in wet conditions. Many species of "Nepenthes" produce two different forms of pitchers. Near the base of the plant are the large lower traps, which usually sit on the ground, while the upper pitchers may be smaller, coloured differently, and have different shapes and features than the lower pitchers. The lower part of the trap contains glands which take nutrients from captured insects. One of the earliest pictures of "Nepenthes" appears in Leonard Plukenet's "Almagestum Botanicum" of 1696. The plant, called "Utricaria vegetabilis zeylanensium", is without doubt a "N. distillatoria". Kurohime (manga) is a manga series made by the mangaka . The manga began its run in 2002, monthly in "Monthly Shōnen Jump". The manga talks about the story and the adventures of Kurohime and the others friends to fight the Gods of their lands and to resurrect the true love of her, the man who sacrificed his life for her, "Zero". Kurohime has 14 volumes (on 2008) and is ongoing. Magic. Magic in this world is used by Gods and by some kind of humanans, called witches (whether they are men or women). The magic used by th witches can be showed under many forms, for example can be mixed with human technology, for example a gun or a rifle. A common use of magic mixes with human technology for example is when Kurohime, shot with her gun, magic bullets, that can invoke magical beasts as dragon or a demon. Characters. Zero - A boy saved by Kurohime in his childhood. Over ten years, he trained and became a gunslinger. He uses 4 guns and is known for his incredible speed. He does not use his guns for killing and only uses them to help people. Zero doesn't use the magic, often is used by Kurohime for to mix magic with technology. Zero loves truly Kurohime and in a part of series he will sacrifice his life for to save Kurohime. Kurohime - A magician who fights using magical bullets. Ten years ago, she saves Zero, influencing his decision to become a gunslinger. She is very self-centered, and is said to not be able to genuinely love. As a result, she defied the gods and was cursed to walk the world as a child. She can only revert to her adult form when she falls in love. When a child, she is addressed as Himeko, and her magic powers are greatly hindered. The adult Kurohime bears a strong resemblance to the goddess that cursed her (In fact, they are both the same. Kurohime was split into 2 in her battle against the gods; one of "good" which holds all of her love and care and memories, and the other holding her "bad" side, which has no memories, except the anger and hatred. The latter is the current Kurohime, while the former is the "goddess" who gave her the curse.) She is also extremely beautiful and believes all men are her "dogs". Still, she has feelings for Zero, even if she won't admit it. Her name translates to "Black Princess" (Kuro is black and hime is princess). Her chief weapon is her witch-gun, "Senryu" (which, when translated means Tornado Dragon). Aside from being able to fire witch-bullets, Senryu can fire normal bullets with cannon-like force. In the second arc, Himeko receives the Yamato-Dachi from Yamatohime after defeating Gandhara. The sword fuses with Senryu, allowing it to switch between sword (Yamato Senryuto) and gun (Yamato Senryuho) forms. Himeko- Kurohime's form as a child, she differs greatly from her adult self, besides the fact that she is adorable and cute while her adult self is sexy and beautiful. Himeko is hyperactive and acts like a real child, often falling asleep for naps, while as her adult form is more controlled and calm. Himeko is unable to use strong magic, for example when she tries to evoke a dragon, it comes just a funny little dragon, really useless. Onimaru - A heavyset gunslinger that he felt betrayed by Kurohime/Himeko. When she was bad, Kurohime used him and his troops for to build a tower for to fight Gods, after then Kurohime betrayed Onimaru. He was once her most loyal soldier and his back bears a large tattoo of the Kanji for "Dog" and "Kurohime". In the middle of series Onimaru will be cursed by a demon and will be transformed in a little lizard. Asura - A beautiful looking woman. The people of that land call her and her kind, demons. She is extremely powerful, possessing incredible magical powers, whose destructive properties rivals a god. She is first introduced as a mysterious character who plays a subtle hand in aiding Kurohime and Zero defeat a witch. Sword- The leader of the death angel squad (Shinigami Tenshidan) sent after Kurohime and Zero in the fourth volume. She and her comrades (Axe, Lance, Mace, Hammer, and Dagger) are sent to reap a group of vengeful souls from a ghost wagon who were revived courtesy of Kurohime. Sword seems to have a personal sense of revenge against Kurohime. Darkray- The former God of Death. He fought Kurohime when she first challenged the gods. Using the soul of an infant murdered by an attack on Kurohime as a shield, he defeated her with Sword, slicing her in half. He was also the one who suggested splitting Kurohime into two beings: one comprised of pure hate, the other, of love and compassion. This resulted in the birth of Shirohime (White Princess)the Goddess of Mercy. He later appears in the fourth volume. Yashahime- The mother goddess and lover of Darkray. She swears to kill Kurohime to avenge the fallen God of Death, and first appears when Kurohime killed Gandhara on Yamato. She is very powerful and she tried to kill Zero's soul.She is actually jealous of the love zero and Kurohime share, and uses Darkray's skull to turn Zero into the god of death, so as to make Kurohime experience hell on earth forever. Yamatohime- The Phoenix Suzaku, Devil God, and Spirit Queen of Fire. She is Asura's master. She had been imprisoned by the gods in the depths of a volcano, under constant watch by the Demon God Gandhara. British Rail Class 115 These 41 high density sets operated the outer-suburban services from Marylebone usually to destinations such as High Wycombe, Aylesbury and Banbury which are on the Chiltern Main Line and Great Central Main Line (now the London to Aylesbury Line). Sometimes, these sets used to operate 8-12 car long expresses to Nottingham Victoria in the final years of the GCML. Coincidentally, the 115 were under Table 115 in the British Rail timetable. Based on the basic Derby high density design, the sets are similar to Class 127 but were internally superior as the class had larger windows, better furnishings, lighting and wall surfaces. Some sets were also built for the CLC line between Liverpool and Manchester. These were later transferred to Marylebone. They also worked from Tyseley in the later years. The Marylebone sets, which were later transferred to Bletchley but remained on Chiltern Line duties, were declared surplus after the introduction of Class 165s, from 1991 onwards. While at Bletchley depot the class was also used on the Gospel Oak to Barking Line, units being formed as power twins. They were in turn replaced on this line by class 117 power twins. The final Class 115 working out of Marylebone was in July 1992. The Tyseley sets survived a bit longer, until February 1994. Pomaia Pomaia is a little village (it: "frazione"), near the city of (it: "comune") Santa Luce, in the Province of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy. The village is a very important point for Buddhism in Italy. In Pomaia, one of biggest Tibetan monasteries, called the "Lama Zong Khapa Institute", can be seen. Economy. Pomaia has an economy based on agriculture and tourism. Tourism. On April in Pomaia there is a "Sagra", a local festival about broad beans, followed by a lot of people and many tourists. Many tourists come in Pomaia, for to see the Buddhist manifestations in the Buddhist Monastery of Pomaia. Morellino di Scansano Morellino di Scansano DOCG is an Italian red wine made in the hills of the village of Scansano (province of Grosseto), in the Maremma, which includes a part of the coast of southern Tuscany. Morellino is the local name for the Sangiovese grape varietal. The wine, which gained the DOC status in 1978, and upgraded to DOCG status from the 2007 vintage, is made from of 85% Sangiovese (which is also the base of the tuscan wines: Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano). The remaining 0–15% of any non aromatic black grape varieties included in a list made and periodically updated by the local authorities. Vino Nobile di Montepulciano Vino Nobile di Montepulciano (in English lit. Noble Wine of Montepulciano) is a red wine with Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita status produced in the vineyards in the town of Montepulciano, Tuscany, Italy. The wine is made for the main part from the Sangiovese grape varietal (minimum 70%), blended with Canaiolo Nero (10%–20%) and small add of other local varieties such as Mammolo. The wine is aged in oak barrels for 2 years; three years if it is a riserva. The wine should not be confused with Montepulciano d'Abruzzo, a red wine made from the Montepulciano grape in the Abruzzo region of east-central Italy. Wines made in Montepulciano. The industry in the wine-producing town of Montepulciano produces a number of different wines: Some wineries, in addition to wines, also produce Grappa. By Italian law, the same company cannot be both a certified winery and a certified distillery, therefore, the Grappa is produced in cooperation, but, is usually sold by the winery and bears the winery name on its label. Brunello di Montalcino Brunello di Montalcino is a red Italian wine. It is made in the vineyards surrounding the town of Montalcino about southwest of Florence, Tuscany, Italy. Brunello, roughly translated as "nice dark one" in the local dialect, is the unofficial name of the clone of Sangiovese (also known as "Sangiovese Grosso") grown in the Montalcino region. In 1980, the Brunello di Montalcino was awarded the first "Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita" (DOCG) designation and today is one of the Italy's best-known and most expensive wines. Borodin Quartet The Borodin Quartet is a string quartet that was founded in 1945 in what was then the Soviet Union. The four players have not always been the same people: there have been some changes to the group, but it is one of the world's longest lasting string quartets. In 2005 they celebrated their 60th anniversary. Until he retired in 2007 the cellist Valentin Berlinsky had almost always been the cellist of the quartet. When they started they were known as the Moscow Philharmonic Quartet. In 1955 the quartet changed its name to Borodin Quartet, named after the composer Alexander Borodin who composed two famous string quartets. They often got invitations to play in the West, but the Soviet communist government would not allow them to travel out of their country. The quartet had to accept the concerts that their government allowed them to do. They played at the funerals of the dictator Stalin and the composer Sergei Prokofiev which were on the same day (both men died on 5 March 1953. However, they were not paid anything for either event. The quartet knew the composer Dmitri Shostakovich very well. They performed his quartets, and Shostakovich often listened to them practising and discussed with them the way he wanted them to be played. The quartet often played piano quintets with the pianist Sviatoslav Richter. When they started in 1945 their cellist was Mstislav Rostropovich. Rudolf Barshai was their viola player. Very soon afterwards Rostropovich found he had too many other engagements, so he got Valentin Berlinsky to be their cellist. The four men who then formed the quartet signed an oath in their own blood that they would be faithful and stay together as a group. They stayed together for 20 years. Then Rostislav Dubinsky, the first violinist, defected to the West and the second violinist, Jaroslav Alexandrov, retired because of bad health. With two new players, the quartet spend two years practising together before they performed again in public. When Communism collapsed and the Soviet Union broke up, the quartet still continued to be very famous. They travelled abroad a lot, performing in places such as London. They have made many recordings including all Shostakovich's string quartets and all Beethoven quartets. Pienza Pienza, a town (it: "commune") in the province of Siena, in the Val d'Orcia in Tuscany (central Italy), between the towns of Montepulciano and Montalcino, is the "touchstone of Renaissance urbanism." In 1996, UNESCO put the town his list as a World Heritage Site, and in 2004 the all valley, the "Val d'Orcia", was put on the list of UNESCO's World Cultural Landscapes. History. Pienza was rebuilt from a village called Corsignano, which was the birthplace (1405) of Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini (Italian: Enea Silvio Piccolomini), a Renaissance humanist born into an exiled Sienese family, who later became Pope Pius II. Once he became Pope, Piccolomini had the entire village rebuilt as an ideal Renaissance town. Intended as a retreat from Rome, it represents the first application of humanist urban planning concepts.The rebuilding was done by Florentine architect Bernardo Gambarelli (known as Bernardo Rossellino). Important Places and Monuments in Pienza. Palazzo Piccolomini. The piazza is made by four buildings. The principal residence, "Palazzo Piccolomini", is on the west side. The Duomo. The "Duomo" (Cathedral), which dominates the center of the piazza, has a façade that is one of the earliest designed in the Renaissance manner. Artworks in the Duomo include five altar paintings from the Sienese School. The Baptistry, dedicated as usual to "San Giovanni". Palazzo Borgia. The "Palazzo Borgia", on the third side of the piazza, was built as the palace to house the bishops who would travel to Pienza to attend the Pope. Inside the palace there is the Diocesan Museum, and the Museo della Cattedrale. The collection includes a lot of religious artifacts. Paintings include a 7th-century painting of "Christ on the Cross" ("La Croce"), 14th century works by Pietro Lorenzetti ("Madonna with Child") and Bartolo di Fredi ("Madonna della Misericordia"). There are also important works from the 14th and 15th centuries, including a Madonna attributed to Luca Signorelli. Palazzo Comunale. Across from the church is the town hall. Since Corsigniano was originally a village without a town governance, before the transformations there was no town hall. But when Corsigniano was given the status of an official city, a "Palazzo Comunale" was required. A third floor was added in 1599. The "Palazzo Comunale" was probably also designed by Rossellino. Interactive whiteboard An interactive whiteboard is a large, interactive screen that connects a computer and a projector. The projector projects the computer's desktop onto the screen of the interactive whiteboard. The user can control the computer by using a special pen, finger or another tool to touch the screen of the interactive whiteboard. Normally, interactive whiteboards are fixed on walls. However, there are some mobile interactive whiteboards. Interactive whiteboards are used in many different places such as in classrooms, in work groups and in training rooms for professional coaching. Interactive whiteboards are the modern version of the traditional whiteboards used in schools. Operation. The interactive whiteboard must be connected to an PC before you can use the whiteboard. Most whiteboards are connected to the computer's Serial port or to a USB port. Some newer systems can use a wireless connection to the computer. The summary of use the interactive whiteboard includes three words: controlling, translation and presentation. Using interactive whiteboards. Teachers: For students: Projection Systems. Front-projection: In this system the projector is placed in front of the whiteboard. Either the projector is fixed on the whiteboard or it hangs on the ceiling. "Pros" Compared to the rear projection this system is much cheaper "Cons" The teacher or the student must stand in front of the whiteboard and sometimes their body will cast a shadow. Rear-projection: In the rear-projection system the projector is placed behind the whiteboard. "Pros" The teacher does not cast a shadow and does not look into the projector light while speaking to the students. "Cons" This system is very expensive. Sue (dinosaur) "Sue" is the nickname given to FMNH PR 2081, one of the largest, most complete and best preserved "Tyrannosaurus rex" fossil ever found. Sue was discovered in the summer of 1990 by Sue Hendrickson, a paleontologist, and was named after her. She contacted the Black Hills Institute, whose staff retrieved and prepared the bones. First, ownership disputes were settled in court. There was a long dispute between the owners of the land, the Sioux tribe, the United States Department of the Interior, and the Black Hills Institute, whose staff had done the work. The fossil was then auctioned in October 1997 for US$8.36 million, the highest amount ever paid for a dinosaur fossil. After preparation, the skeleton became a permanent feature at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, Illinois. The money had been raised by public subscription. Gout. Some researchers think the skeleton shows evidence that Sue suffered from the painful condition known as gout. Distorted roar. Sue's roars were created with input from Sue using various animal sounds which were altered. Some of the roars were reused for Godzilla thirty years later in the short film "". Several roars were reused for Alex the Lion thirty-one years later in the animated recap The Ultimate "Madagascar" Recap Cartoon. DOCG DOCG is the short version of "Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita", a warranty mark used in Italy, about the wines, for to help who buy wines against fake wines or frauds. This warranty mark shows the exact point where the wine was made. A wine before to be able to use the DOCG mark must pass many tests and have some qualities. Often these qualities are for example the little place where we can find the kind of wine, for example just a big hills of just a region in Italy. Tuscan food This is a list of food from the area of Tuscany, Italy. Karpenisi Karpenisi is a mountainous Greek city. It is a small city in Eyritania district. Karpenisi is the capital of Eyritania prefecture. Eyritania prefecture has the most mountains of any other prefecture of Greece. There are mountains everywhere in the Eyritania prefecture. The highest point of Karpenisi is at the top of the Tymphristos Mountain, which is 2,315 meters high. Around 7,300 people live in Karpenisi, says the census taken in 2001. Karpenisi is built at an altitude of 960 meters. It sits on the slopes of the Tymphristos mountain. Lamia is east of Karpenisi. Karpenisi is smaller town than Lamia. Lamia also serves the district of Karpenisi. Winter resort. Today, Karpenisi is one of the most important winter resorts in Greece. In winter, many Greeks go there in order to do winter sports. The people visiting go skiing and hiking in the forests of Karpenisi. Karpenisi is surrounded by a fir forest. Empoli Empoli is a town in Tuscany, Italy, about 30 km southwest of Florence. It is 30 m above sea-level, to the south of the Arno. The plain of the town has been usable for agriculture since Roman times. Empoli is on the main railway line from Florence to Pisa and is well joined with the city of Siena. Empoli has a long tradition as an agricultural centre. It has given its name to a local kind of artichoke. History. Empoli was already settled in the time of the early Roman Empire, and still existed in the 4th century AD. The river near the city was a good route for the trade of agricultural products, together with the local amphorae. Since the 8th century Empoli grew as a town around the castle, known as "Emporium" or "Empolis". In 1119 it was controlled by Guidi. In 1182 it went under Florentine rule. In 1260, after the Battle of Montaperti, Empoli was the seat of a famous council in which Farinata degli Uberti opposed the destruction of Florence. Later Empoli became an important fortress. Important places and monuments. In the "frazione" of Pontorme is the house of the painter Pontormo. Sport. Empoli's main football team is Empoli F.C., which is currently playing in Serie B. Igoumenitsa Igoumenitsa is a small Greek city. It has a population of about 9,644 people. It is found in the north-western part of Greece in the Ipiros periphery. It is a city built along the coast of the Ionian Sea. It has a big port which links Igoumenitsa with the Italian cities of Bari, Ancona and Brintezi. It is the second important port of Greece along the Ionian Sea, after the port in the city of Patras. Larderello Larderello is a "frazione" of the "comune" of Pomarance, in Tuscany in central Italy. Larderello is famous for its geothermal productivity. History. The region was known from ancient times for its volcanic nature and for the very hot springs. The Romans used its sulphur springs for bathing. In 1827, François de Larderel, a Frenchman, invented a way of extracting boric acid from the volcanic mud by using steam to separate the two. The town Larderello has the name in honour of Larderel's work. The region was the site of a pioneering experiment in the production of energy from geothermal sources in 1904. Prince Piero Ginori Conti tested the first geothermal power generator on 4 July 1904, at the Larderello dry steam field in Italy. It was a small generator that lit four light bulbs. Later, in 1911, the world's first geothermal power plant was built there. In 1911, the world's first geothermal power plant was built in the Valle del Diavolo ("Devil's Valley"), named for the boiling water in the area. Larderello now produces 10% of the world's entire supply of geothermal electricity, amounting to 4,800 GWh per year. Minneapolis Millers The Minneapolis Millers were an ice hockey team that played in the American Hockey Association. A famous player who played for the Millers was Tiny Thompson. American Hockey Association There were two different American Hockey Associations: American Hockey Association (1926–1942) The American Hockey Association was a small professional ice hockey league. It was active between 1926 and 1942. Champions. The Harry F. Sinclair Trophy was awarded to the league champions. Bellevue, Alberta Bellevue is a small hamlet near the Crowsnest Pass of the Rocky Mountains found in southern Alberta, Canada. About 350 people live in Bellevue. It is currently part of the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass, where about 6,500 people live. College of William & Mary The College of William & Mary in Virginia (also known as The College of William & Mary, The College, William & Mary, or W&M) is a public university in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. It was founded in 1693 by a Royal Charter issued by King William III and Queen Mary II. It is the second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States. William & Mary educated U.S. Presidents Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and John Tyler as well as other key figures important to the development of the nation, including U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall, Speaker of the House Henry Clay and 16 signers of the Declaration of Independence. In 2008, the college had 5,850 undergraduate students and 2,042 graduate and professional students in and gave 1,454 bachelors, 440 masters, and 209 professional degrees. Campus. The Sir Christopher Wren Building is both the oldest college building in the United States and a National Historic Landmark. The building, nicknamed just the "Wren Building", got its new name in 1931 to honor the English architect Sir Christopher Wren. The first building, in 1699, was designed by Sir Christopher Wren. Not much is known about how the first building looked. It burned down within a few years of its completion. Tramway track Tramway tracks are used on tramways or light railways. Grooved rails (or girder rails) are normally used to let the trams run on streets. This is called "street-running". Like normal rail tracks, tram tracks consist of two parallel steel rails. Tram rails can be placed in several surfaces. Standard rails can be put on sleepers like railway tracks, or with grooved rails on concrete sleepers into street surfaces (pavement) for street running. Another environmentally-friendly or ecologically-friendly alternative is to lay tracks into grass turf surfaces. This is known as "grassed track" (or "track in a lawn"). It was first used in Liverpool in 1924. Light rail Light rail or light rail transit (LRT) is a form of urban rail public transportation. Generally it can carry fewer people and has a lower speed than heavy rail/metro systems, but it can carry more people and has a higher speed than street-running tram systems. The term is normally used to refer to rail systems with rapid transit-style features that usually use electric rail cars operating mostly in private rights-of-way separated from other traffic but sometimes, if necessary, mixed with other traffic in city streets. Modern light rail technology is highly flexible in how it can be used, and whether any given system is considered a true rapid transit system or not depends on its implementation. London County Council Tramways The London County Council Tramways was a large network of public street tramways. They were formed in 1899. They were run by the council in the County of London, UK. In 1933 they were taken over by the London Passenger Transport Board. PCC streetcar The PCC (Presidents' Conference Committee) streetcar (tram) design was first built in the United States in the 1930s. The design was very successful in America. After World War II it was allowed to be used in other countries in the world. The PCC car has proved to be a long lasting icon of streetcar design, and PCC cars are still in service in various places around the world. Heritage Lottery Fund The Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) is a fund established in the United Kingdom under the National Lottery etc. Act 1993. The Fund opened for applications in 1994. It uses money raised through the National Lottery to transform and sustain the UK’s heritage. From museums, parks and historic places to archaeology, the natural environment and cultural traditions, HLF provides grants to support all aspects of the UK's diverse heritage. By 2008, HLF had awarded a total of £4 billion to more than 26,000 projects across the UK. Douglas, Isle of Man Douglas () is the capital and largest town of the Isle of Man History. In 1869, Douglas became the capital city of Isle of Man. Gateshead Gateshead is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne, opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. Gateshead town centre and Newcastle city centre are very close to one another, and together they form the urban core of Tyneside. Gateshead is the main settlement in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead. Ambergate Ambergate is a village in Derbyshire, England, where the River Amber joins the River Derwent. Rotherham Rotherham is a town in South Yorkshire, England. It lies on the River Don, close to its confluence with the River Rother, between Sheffield and Doncaster. Its football club, Rotherham United F.C., was founded in 1870. Notable People. Liam Cuckson Lee Wilson Quavo Harry Low Grimsby Grimsby (or Great Grimsby) is a seaport on the Humber Estuary in Lincolnshire, England. Halle, Saxony-Anhalt Halle (also called "Halle an der Saale") is the largest town in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. It lies in the southern part of the state, on the river Saale. It has about 234,000 inhabitants (2006). It is famous all over the world because Georg Friedrich Handel was born there. In 1904 Reinhard Heydrich was born here who became the most evil Nazi in 1941-1942 . Trams in London There have been two separate generations of trams in London, from 1860 to 1952 and from 2000. Between 1952 and 2000 no trams ran in London. The decision to abolish the first generation of trams was taken in a way which allowed various interested groups to have a say, but with little or no consultation to or with the general population. The debate was largely about trams on London, and made in a way which reflected the time when the British Labour Party controlled both London and the UK. The first trams in London were authorised by an Act of Parliament in 1870. They were, of course, horse-drawn at that time, although steam power was also possible. Clay Cross Clay Cross is a former mining town in north east Derbyshire, England. It is six miles south of Chesterfield. It is the former Roman road "Ryknield Street". Near by settlements are "North Wingfield", "Tupton", "Pilsley", "Ashover", and "Tibshelf". Talyllyn Railway The Talyllyn Railway () is a narrow-gauge preserved railway in Wales. It runs for from Tywyn on the Mid-Wales coast to Nant Gwernol near the village of Abergynolwyn. The line was opened in 1866 to carry slate from the quarries at Bryn Eglwys to Tywyn. It was the first narrow gauge railway in Britain authorised by Act of Parliament to carry passengers using steam haulage. Despite severe under-investment, the line remained open, and in 1951 it became the first railway in the world to be preserved as a heritage railway by volunteers. Since preservation, the railway has operated as a tourist attraction. It has increased the amount of rolling stock it has. It has done this by buying and building new locomotives and carriages. In 1976, an extension was opened along the former mineral line from Abergynolwyn to the new station at Nant Gwernol. In 2001, the preservation society celebrated its 50th anniversary. In 2005 a major rebuilding and extension of Tywyn Wharf station took place. This included a much-expanded facility for the Narrow Gauge Railway Museum. The fictional Skarloey Railway was based on the Talyllyn Railway. This fictional railway formed part of the Railway Series of children's books by The Rev. W. Awdry. The preservation of the line inspired the Ealing Comedy film "The Titfield Thunderbolt". Name and gauge. The origin of the railway's name is uncertain. It could refer to the parish of Talyllyn, which contains its eastern terminus. Or it could come from Tal-y-llyn. Tal-y-llyn is a large glacial ribbon lake at the foot of Cadair Idris further east. The gauge of the track is unusual. It was shared by only three other public railways in the United Kingdom: the nearby Corris Railway (which predated the Talyllyn), and the subsequent Plynlimon and Hafan Tramway and Campbeltown and Machrihanish Light Railway. History. Origins and construction: up to 1866. Slate quarrying began in the hills above Tywyn in the 1830s. Although many small quarries and test levels were established, only one major quarry was developed in the region. It was at Bryn Eglwys, north east of the town. Underground working began in the early 1840s. By 1847 the quarry was being worked by local landowner John Pughe. The finished slates were sent by packhorse to the wharf at Pennal. They were then transferred to boats for a river trip to Aberdyfi (also known as Aberdovey). Finally they were loaded into seagoing vessels. This was a complex and expensive transportation arrangement which limited the quarry's output. In 1861 the outbreak of the American Civil War cut off supplies of cotton to the mills of the north west of England. As a result a number of prosperous mill owners looked for new business opportunities to diversify their interests. One such owner was William McConnel of Lancashire. In 1859 he purchased a house near Dolgellau, north of Tywyn. In January 1864, McConnel formed the Aberdovey Slate Company. The company leased the land including Bryn Eglwys from the landowner, Lewis Morris of Machynlleth. McConnel set about improving Bryn Eglwys to increase its output. In 1865 his company earmarked money for the construction of a narrow gauge railway connecting the quarry with the port of Aberdyfi. The standard gauge Aberystwyth and Welsh Coast Railway was expanding rapidly from its base at Machynlleth however. In 1863 this railway had reached Tywyn, so McConnel decided to build his line from the quarry to Tywyn. This was the nearest point where slate could be transferred to the standard gauge railway. This was despite the line's initial isolation from the rest of the system because of difficulties in bridging the estuary of the Afon Dyfi to the south. An Act of Parliament (28 and 29 Vict, cap cccxv) allowing the company to operate passenger trains as a public railway was given Royal Assent on 5 July 186., The company appointed James Swinton Spooner as engineer for the construction. He laid out plans for a relatively straight line climbing steadily from Tywyn to the quarry and work quickly got underway. By September 1866 construction had advanced to the point where the Board of Trade inspector Captain Henry Tyler could make an initial inspection and report. Tyler's report led to an unusual alteration. It was discovered that the loading gauge of the line was too small. The internal width of the overbridges was only , but the railway's passenger carriages were wide. This left less than clearance on either side, which was less than the minimum required clearance of . To alleviate this problem, McConnel proposed that the doors on one side of each carriage be permanently barred and the track slewed off-centre beneath the bridges. This would allow adequate clearance at least on the side with doors and mean that passengers could get out of the carriages if the train stopped underneath a bridge. Tyler agreed to this arrangement, and to this day all carriages on the Talyllyn have doors on one side only, an unusual feature for a public railway. This feature is however shared with the neighbouring Corris Railway, though for different reasons. Tyler also required that improvements be made to the railway's first two steam locomotives, as locomotive No. 1 suffered from excessive "vertical motion" and No. 2 was said to suffer from "horizontal oscillation". No. 1 was returned to its manufacturer where a set of trailing wheels was added to reduce the rear overhang. The springs on No. 2 were adjusted and the crank pins shortened to reduce its oscillation. Success after McConnel: 1886-1880s. The railway opened with two locomotives, one was a carriage and the other carried goods. They were ran under a "one engine in steam" rule to make sure they did not crash into each other. At the beginning, locomotives were kept in a shed made of wood at Ty Dwr at the Abergynolwyn station. This was when the main engineering department of the Tayllyn was being built at . The engineering department opened up on February 17 1867. When Talyllyn opened there were two train stations it visited, one at Pendre and the other at Abergynolwyn. In 1867, the station at opened. In 1873, and stations opened. Eventually, a line that ran from the Abergynolwyn station to the actual village of Abergynolwyn was opened. People could take an incline down a hill from the station to the town. From there, people could take a one of the many trams that ran through the village. Supplies like coal, building materials, and other things were sent down the incline from the train station to the village. The railway used steam locomotives when it opened. The two original locomotives were made by Fletcher, Jennings & Co. of Whitehaven in Cumbria. Both of them are still used today but many of the parts inside and outside have been replaced. Talyllyn has a rare gauge. This is thought to match the gauge at Corris Railway. The locomotives at Talyllyn might be the oldest of their kind for making sure they fit that type of gauge. The locomotives, "Talyllyn" and "Dolgoch" used to carry slate from the quarry at Tywyn. It also carried other things. Trains that carried people, called passenger trains, traveled between Abergynolwyn, Dolgoch and Pendre. Men who worked on the quarries also traveled on trains, despite those trains not being able to be used by the public. Those trains traveled from Abergynolwyn to Alltwyllt and into Nant Gwernol. The line was very successful when it opened. As of 1880, 300 people worked in the local slate industry. Over of slate was sent by train each year. Over 11,500 people first road the trains in 1867. By 1877, over 23,000 people were using the train. Less money is made: 1880s-1910. Starting in the 1880s, the "Grand Tour" was popular with people visiting the area, called tourists. People could take the Talyllyn and Corris trains and go through Tal-y-llyn Lake and Cadair Idris. Then, when they returned, they could use Cambrian Railways trains. The need for slate slowed down for the last twenty years of the 1880s. Many quarries fired people or closed. Even the quarries that dug up more slate due to other quarries closing often closed eventually. This made the need for the trains less, and made the railroad companies make less money. Haydn Jones : 1911-1950. Eventually, the biggest quarry in the area, Bryn Eglwys closed. Most of the people who had jobs in Abergynolwyn worked at that quarry. Many people were hurt by the closure. A man who lived in Abergynolwyn, named Henry Haydn Jones bought Bryn Eglwys. He also became a MP for the Liberal representing Merioneth. The quarry, which had closed, reopened in January 1911. Haydn Jones had no money to put into the quarry. But, when workers started mining in the quarry they pulled slate from the "Broad Vein" section. That section had slate that was very hard. It was not popular and most people did not want to buy it. They stopped getting slate from the Broad Vein and started getting slate from the "Narrow Vein," which had slate that was softer and that people wanted to buy. It was very expensive to build a new mind in the Narrow Vein. So, to save money, Haydn Jones made very small entrances into the mine, which were considered unsafe by many people. The sales of slate rose during World War I because people started building new buildings after they were destroyed in the war. After the war ended, and after 1920, people started traveling more to see the sights of Britain. The number of people who wrote on the Talyllyn rose and places that once stored slate were used to seat people, instead. Tourists could even rent slate wagons, which were used to transport slate only, as a fun thing to experience. A Gravity railway was used to move people on the wagons. People were no longer able to ride in the wagons as of the 1930s. Tourists brought more money into the area and helped the railway survive, but, Haydn Jones never made money. The rental contract on Bryn Eglwys ended in 1942. But, Haydn Jones could renew it each year. People were still visiting the area as tourists. In October 1942, two return trains ran on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. The trip was 45 minutes long one way. They did not let people ride the trains on Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday. In 1946, the was a collapse in Bryn Eglwys. The quarry was called unsafe and people could not use it. It was closed. Haydn Jones kept running the railway and said he would do so until he died. In 1947, most of the railroads in Britain were bought by the government. Talyllyn remained owned by Haydn Jones. Between 1947 and 1949, people could ride the train two days a week. Haydn Jones died on July 2 1950. The railway kept running until October 6. Preservation. Saving the railway: 1951-1960. In 1949, Tom Rolt, who was a writer, visited the railway. David Curwen, who was a locomotive engineer, visited with him. In the summer of 1950, Rolt wrote a letter to the "Birmingham Post". He told them that it was important to rescue Talyllyn. Many people had interest in this. On October 11 1950, a meeting was held about it in Birmingham at the Imperial Hotel. About 70 people attended. Rolt told them that he thought they should make a committee, or a team, to look into buying the railway. The committee met again on October 23. They met with the people who ran Haydn Jones' finances after he had died. It was very hard due to the law to make the committee the owners of the railway. Both the committee and Haydn Jones' people thought it was a good idea to have Jones' stop being the owner. They decided to make a new company, called Talyllyn Holdings, the owner. The company was a mix of people from the committee and from Jones' group. The company started running the railway on February 8 1951. They changed the name of the company to a non-profit called the Talyllyn Railway Preservation Society. The Society started to advertise that they wanted to save the railway and asked for people to donate money. They also wanted to find people to volunteer to help run the railway. By May, almost 650 people had donated and became members of the Society. The railway re-opened on Whit Monday, on May 14 1951. Trains ran between Wharf and Rhydyronen. Starting on June 4, trains ran daily until the summer. David Curwen was the Chief Mechanical Engineer. When the railway re-opened again it needed a lot of work done to it to fix things and update it. They bought two more steam locomotives from Corris Railway in 1951. They were named "Sir Haydn" and "Edward Thomas". In 1951, "Sir Haydn" became the first new locomotive to travel on Talyllyn Railway in over 80 years. It derailed a lot because the Talyllyn Railway was slightly wider than the Corris Railway. Eventually this was fixed by changing the width of the railway and changing parts of the locomotive wheels. The "Edward Thomas" needed a lot of service, but it was too expensive to fix. A man who was on the Preservation Society board of directors, John Alcock, had his company, the Hunslet Engine Company fix it for free. Another locomotive was donated to the Society by an engineering company in Birmingham called Abelsons Limited. The locomotive was named "Douglas". It was built for the depot railway and was used by the RAF Calshot until 1945. It started being used by the public in 1954. Through the 1950s volunteers and Society staff members helped fix the railway tracks. On May 22 1957, the BBC produced a live television program at the railway. Wynford Vaughan Thomas and Huw Weldon road the train from Dolgoch to Abergynolwyn. As a result of the television program, more people used the train. Over 57,000 people road the train that summer. The money that those people paid helped the Society improve the railway. In 1958, the original "Talyllyn" locomotive was put back in service. At the Tywyn Wharf train station a museum was opened. It is called the Narrow Gauge Railway Museum. The first object that was displayed at the museum was the Guinness Brewery locomotive. It was donated to the museum in 1952. The museum opened in 1956. Hill of Howth Tramway The Hill of Howth Tramway, or just Howth Tram, operated from June 1901 to June 1959 and served Howth Head, near Dublin, Ireland. The service was run by the Great Northern Railway (Ireland) (GNR(I)), which viewed it as a way to bring more customers to its railway stations at Sutton and Howth. Trolley pole A trolley pole is a tapered cylindrical pole of wood or metal, used to transfer electricity from a "live" overhead wire to the control and propulsion equipment of a tram or trolley bus. The use of overhead wire in a railway electrification system is said to be the 1880 invention of Frank J. Sprague. Bow collector A bow collector is one of the three main devices used on tramcars to transfer electric current from the overhead lines above to the tram below. While once very common in continental Europe, it has now been largely replaced by the pantograph. Pantograph (rail) A pantograph is a device that collects electric current from overhead lines for electric trains or trams. The term stems from the resemblance to pantograph devices for copying writing and drawings. Assist (ice hockey) In ice hockey, an assist is when up to two players of the scoring team shoots, passes or sends the puck towards the scoring teammate, or touched it in any other way which made the goal. This usually means that they "assisted" in the goal. At most, there can only be 2 assists for each goal. Water Stratford Water Stratford is a village and civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. List of settlements in Cambridgeshire The following is a list of cities, towns and villages in the county of Cambridgeshire, England, by letter: A. Abington Pigotts - Aldreth - America - Arrington - Ashley - Abbots Ripton - Abbotsley - Alconbury - Alconbury Weston - Alwalton B. Babraham - Balsham - Bar Hill - Barnwell - Barrington - Bartlow - Barton - Barway - Bassingbourn - Benwick - Blackhorse Drove - Bottisham - Bourn - Boxworth - Brinkley - Burrough Green - Burwell - Barham - Bluntisham - Brampton - Brington - Broughton - Buckden - Buckworth - Bury - Bythorn C. Caldecote - Caldecote (Huntingdonshire) - Cambourne - Cambridge - Camps End - Cardinals Green - Carlton - Castle Camps - Catworth - Caxton - Chatteris - Cherry Hinton - Chesterton, Cambridge - Chesterton, Huntingdonshire - Chettisham - Cheveley - Childerley - Chippenham - Chittering - Christchurch - Coates - Coldham - Collett's Bridge - Colne - Conington - Coppingford - Comberton - Commercial End - Coton - Cottenham - Coveney - Covington - Croxton - Croydon D. Ditton Green - Doddington - Downham - Dry Drayton - Dullingham - Duxford - Denton - Diddington E. East Hatley - Eastrea - Eaton Ford - Eaton Socon - Elm - Elsworth - Eltisley - Ely - Euximoor - Earith - Easton - Ellington - Elton - Eynesbury - Eynesbury Hardwicke F. Fen Ditton - Fen Drayton - Fitton End - Fordham - Foul Anchor - Four Gotes - Fowlmere - Foxton - Friday Bridge - Fulbourn - Farcet - Fenstanton - Fenton - Folksworth G. Gamlingay - Girton - Gorefield - Grantchester - Graveley - Great Abington - Great Chishill - Great Eversden - Great Shelford - Great Wilbraham - Guilden Morden - Guyhirn - Glatton - Godmanchester - Grafham - Great Gidding - Great Gransden - Great Paxton - Great Staughton H. Haddenham - Hardwick - Harlton - Harston - Haslingfield - Hatley St George - Hatley - Hauxton - Heydon - Highfields - Hildersham - Hinxton - Histon - Horningsea - Horseheath - Haddon - Hail Weston - Hamerton - Hemingford Abbots - Hemingford Grey - Hilton - Holme - Holywell - Houghton - Huntingdon I. Ickleton - Impington - Isleham K. Kennett - Keyston - Kimbolton - Kingston - Kings Ripton - Kirtling - Knapwell - Kneesworth L. Landbeach - Leverington - Linton - Litlington - Little Abington - Little Chishill - Little Ditton - Little Downham - Little Eversden - Little Gransden - Little Ouse - Little Shelford - Little Thetford - Little Wilbraham - Littleport - Lode - Lolworth - Long Meadow - Longstanton - Longstowe - Leighton Bromswold - Little Gidding - Little Paxton M. Madingley - Manea - March - Melbourn - Meldreth - Mepal - Milton - Murrow - Midloe - Molesworth - Morborne N. Newton - Needingworth O. Oakington - Orwell - Over - Offord Cluny - Offord D'Arcy - Oldhurst - Old Weston P. Pampisford - Papworth Everard - Papworth St Agnes - Parson Drove - Peterborough - Pondersbridge - Prickwillow - Pymore - Perry - Pidley Q. Queen Adelaide R. Rampton - Ramsey Mereside - Reach - Ring's End - Ramsey - Ramsey Forty Foot - Ramsey Heights - Ramsey St Mary's - The Raveleys S. Sawston - Saxon Street - Shepreth - Shingay - Shudy Camps - Snailwell - Soham - Stapleford - Steeple Morden - Stetchworth - Stonea - Stow-cum-Quy - Streetley End - Stretham - Stuntney - Sutton - Sutton Gault - Sutton-in-the-Isle - Swaffham Bulbeck - Swaffham Prior - Swavesey - St Ives - St Neots - Sawtry - Sibson - Somersham - Southoe - Spaldwick - Steeple Gidding - Stibbington - Stilton - Stonely - Stow Longa - The Stukeleys - Swingbrow T. Tadlow - Tetworth - Teversham - Tholomas Drove - Thorney - Thorney Toll - Thriplow - Tilbrook - Tips End - Toft - Toseland - Trumpington - Turves - Tydd Gote - Tydd St Giles U. Upend - Upware - Upton - Upwood W. Wardy Hill - Waterbeach - Welches Dam - Wendy - Wentworth - West Wickham - West Wratting - Westley Waterless - Weston Colville - Weston Green - Westry - Westwick - Whaddon - Whittlesey - Whittlesford Bridge - Whittlesford - Wicken - Wilburton - Willingham - Wimblington - Wimpole - Wisbech - Wisbech St Mary - Witcham - Witchford - Woodditton - Warboys - Waresley - Washingley - Water Newton - Winwick - Wistow - Woodwalton - Woolley - Woodhurst - Wothorpe - Wyton Y. Yaxley - Yelling List of settlements in Northern Ireland by county The following is a list of places in Northern Ireland, by county: List of towns and villages in Northern Ireland This is an alphabetical list of towns and villages in Northern Ireland. The towns of Armagh, Lisburn and Newry are also classed as cities (see city status in the United Kingdom). The Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) uses these definitions: Towns are listed in bold. A. Acton, Aghacommon, Aghadowey, Aghadrumsee, Aghagallon, Aghalee, Ahoghill, Aldergrove, Altamuskin, Altishane, Altmore, Annaclone, Annaghmore, Annahilt, Annahugh, Annalong, Annsborough, Antrim, Ardboe, Ardgarvan, Ardglass, Ardmore, Ardstraw, Armoy, Arney, Articlave, Artigarvan, Artikelly, Atticall, Aughafatten, Augher, Aughnacloy B. Ballela, Ballerin, Ballinamallard, Ballintoy, Balloo, Ballybogy, Ballycarry, Ballycassidy, Ballycastle, Ballyclare, Ballyeaston, Ballygalley, Ballygawley, Ballygowan, Ballyhalbert, Ballyhornan, Ballykelly, Ballykilner, Ballylesson, Ballylinney, Ballymacmaine, Ballymacnab, Ballymagorry, Ballymartin, Ballymaguigan, Ballymena, Ballymoney, Ballynahinch, Ballynure, Ballyrashane, Ballyrobert, Ballyronan, Ballyrory, Ballyscullion, Ballyskeagh, Ballystrudder, Ballyvoy, Ballywalter, Balnamore, Banagher, Banbridge, Bangor, Bannfoot, Belcoo, Bellaghy, Bellanaleck, Bellarena, Belleek, Belleeks, Benburb, Bendooragh, Beragh, Bessbrook, Blackskull, Blackwatertown, Blaney, Bleary, Boho, Brackaville, Bready, Brockagh, Brookeborough, Broomhill, Broughshane, Bryansford, Buckna, Burnfoot, Burren, Bushmills C. Caledon, Camlough, Campsie, Capecastle, Cappagh, Cargan, Carnalbanagh, Carncastle, Carnlough, Carnteel, Carrickaness, Carrickfergus, Carrickmore, Carrowclare, Carrowdore, Carrybridge, Carryduff, Castlecaulfield, Castledawson, Castlederg, Castlerock, Castlewellan, Charlemont, Clabby, Clady (Co. Londonderry), Clady (Co. Tyrone), Cladymore, Clanabogan, Claudy, Clogh, Clogher, Cloghy, Clonmore, Clonoe, Clough, Cloughmills, Coagh, Coalisland, Cogry-Kilbride, Coleraine, Collegeland, Comber,(convoy) Conlig, Cookstown, Corbet, Corrinshego, Craigarogan, Craigavon, Cranagh, Crawfordsburn, Creagh, Creggan, Crossgar, Crossmaglen, Crumlin, Cullaville, Cullybackey, Cullyhanna, Culmore, Culnady, Curran, Cushendall, Cushendun D. Darkley, Derryadd, Derrycrin, Derrygonnelly, Derryhale, Derrylin, Derrymacash, Derrymore, Derrynaflaw, Derrynoose, Derrytrasna, Derryvore, Dervock, Desertmartin, Doagh, Dollingstown, Donagh, Donaghadee, Donaghcloney, Donaghey, Donaghmore, Donegore, Dooish, Dorsey, Douglas Bridge, Downhill, Downpatrick, Draperstown, Drinns Bay, Dromara, Dromintee, Dromore (Co. Down), Dromore (Co. Tyrone), Drumaness, Drumbeg, Drumbo, Drumlaghy, Drumlough (near Hillsborough), Drumlough (near Rathfriland), Drummullan, Drumnacanvy, Drumnakilly, Drumquin, Drumraighland, Drumsurn, Dunadry, Dundonald, Dundrod, Dundrum, Dungannon, Dungiven, Dunloy, Dunnamanagh, Dunnamore, Dunnaval, Dunseverick E. Edenaveys, Edenderry (Co. Down), Edenderry (Co. Tyrone), Ederney, Eglinton, Eglish, Enniskillen, Erganagh, Eskra F. Feeny, Fintona, Fivemiletown, Florencecourt, Foreglen, Forkill G. Galbally, Gamblestown, Garrison, Garvagh, Garvaghey, Garvetagh, Gawley's Gate, Gibson's Hill, Gilford, Gillygooly, Glack, Glebe, Glenarm, Glenavy, Glenmornan, Glenoe, Glenone, Glynn, Gortaclare, Gortin, Gortnahey, Goshedan, Gracehill, Grange Corner, Granville, Greencastle, Greenisland, Greyabbey, Greysteel, Groggan, Groomsport, Gulladuff H. Halfpenny Gate, Hamiltonsbawn, Helen's Bay, Hillhall, Hillsborough, Hilltown, Holywell, Holywood I. Inishrush, Irvinestown J. Jonesborough K. Katesbridge, Keady, Kells-Connor, Kellswater, Kesh, Keshbridge, Kilcoo, Kildress, Kilkeel, Killadeas, Killaloo, Killay, Killead, Killeen, Killen, Killeter, Killinchy, Killough, Killowen, Killylea, Killyleagh, Killyman, Killywool, Kilmore (Co. Armagh), Kilrea, Kilskeery, Kinallen, Kinawley, Kircubbin, Knockcloghrim, Knockmoyle, Knocknacarry L. Lack, Landahaussy, Largy, Larne, Lawrencetown, Letterbreen, Lettershendoney, Limavady, Lisbellaw, Lislea, Lisnadill, Lisnarick, Lisnaskea, Loughbrickland, Loughgall, Loughgilly, Loughguile, Loughinisland, Loughmacrory, Loup, Lower Ballinderry, Lurgan, Lurganare, Lurganure, Lurganville. Leitrim M. Macken, Macosquin, Madden, Maghaberry, Maghera, Magheraconluce, Magherafelt, Magheralin, Magheramason, Magheramorne, Magheraveely, Maghery, Maguiresbridge, Markethill, Martinstown, Maydown, Mayobridge, Mazetown, Meigh, Middletown, Milford, Millbank, Mill Bay, Millisle, Milltown (Co. Antrim), Moira, Monea, Moneyglass, Moneymore, Moneyneany, Moneyreagh, Moneyslane, Monteith, Moortown, Moss-Side, Mountfield, Mountjoy, Mounthill, Mountnorris, Moy, Moygashel, Mullaghbawn, Mullaghboy, Mullaghbrack, Mullaghglass, Mullavilly-Laurelvale N. Newbuildings, Newcastle, Newtown Crommelin, Newtownabbey, Newtownards, Newtownbutler, Newtowncloghoge, Newtownhamilton, Newtownstewart, Nixon's Corner, Newmills O. Omagh P. Park, Parkgate, Plumbridge, Pomeroy, Portadown, Portaferry, Portavogie, Portballintrae, Portbraddon, Portglenone, Portrush, Portstewart, Poyntzpass R. Randalstown, Rasharkin, Rathfriland, Ravernet, Richhill, Ringsend, Rock, Rosslea, Rostrevor, Roughfort, Rousky S. Saintfield, Sandholes, Scarva, Scotch Street, Seaforde, Seskinore, Shanmaghery, Shanvey, Sheeptown, Shrigley, Silverbridge, Sion Mills, Sixmilecross, Skea, Spa, Spamount, Springfield, Stewartstown, Stoneyford, Strabane, Straid, Straidarran, Strangford, Stranocum, Strathfoyle, Straw, Swatragh T. Tamlaght (Co. Fermanagh), Tamlaght (Co. Londonderry), Tamnamore, Tandragee, Tartaraghan, Teemore, Templepatrick, Tempo, The Birches, Tobermore, Toome, Trillick, Trory, Tullyhogue, Tullyhommon, Tullylish, Tullynacross, Tullywiggan, Tynan U. Upper Ballinderry, Upperlands V. Victoria Bridge W. Waringsford, Waringstown, Warrenpoint, Washing Bay, Waterfoot, Whitecross, Whitehead, Whiterock List of towns in Northern Ireland The following is a list of towns in Northern Ireland, by letter: Burnt Hill Burnt Hill is a hamlet in Berkshire, England. It can be found in the civil parish of Yattendon. Bar Hill Bar Hill is a village that can be found about 4 miles (7 km) northwest of Cambridge, in South Cambridgeshire, Cambridgeshire, England. In 2001 there were 4,233 people living in Bar Hill. Yielden Yielden is a village in Bedfordshire. It is near the borders with Northamptonshire and Cambridgeshire. Mislea, Prahova Mislea is a commune of Prahova County in Romania. Dartmouth College Dartmouth College () is a private, coeducational university in Hanover, New Hampshire. Incorporated as "Trustees of Dartmouth College," it is a member of the Ivy League and one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution. In addition to its undergraduate liberal arts program, Dartmouth has medical, engineering, and business schools, as well as 19 graduate programs in the arts and sciences. With a total enrollment of 5,848, Dartmouth is the smallest school in the Ivy League. The college was established in 1769 by Congregational minister Eleazar Wheelock who wanted to use the college to Christianize the Native Americans. In 2004, Booz Allen Hamilton selected Dartmouth College as a model of institutional endurance "whose record of endurance has had implications and benefits for all American organizations, both academic and commercial," citing "Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward" and Dartmouth's successful self-reinvention in the late 1800s. Dartmouth alumni, from Daniel Webster to the many donors in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, have been famously involved in their college. Dartmouth is on a rural 269-acre (1.1 km²) campus in the Upper Valley region of New Hampshire. Given the College's isolated location, participation in athletics and the school's Greek system is high. Dartmouth's 34 varsity sports teams compete in the Ivy League conference of the NCAA Division I. Students are also well known for preserving a variety of strong campus traditions. In 2010 Dartmouth College joined the Matariki Network of Universities (MNU) together with University of Tübingen (Germany), Durham University (UK), Queen’s University (Canada), University of Otago (New Zealand), University of Western Australia (Australia) and Uppsala University (Sweden). Oldham Athletic A.F.C. Oldham Athletic Football Club is a football that plays in Football League One. The club plays its games at Boundary Park in Oldham, England. The club has never won any major trophies through their history, though have made several appearances in the late rounds of the FA Cup and Football League Cup. History. The club was created as Pine Villa Football Club in 1895, but changed to the current name in 1899. Almost immediately, Oldham became a professional team before joining the Football League in 1907. After struggling between the First World War and the Second World War, they became more stable in 1969—when legendary manager Jimmy Frizzell took over. Under Frizzell, the club won 200 of their 544 competitive games and were promoted to higher levels twice. After leaving in the summer of 1982, Joe Royle took over as the club's manager during which time Oldham again had a successful period. Under Royle, the club won 225 games of 608—a slightly higher winning percentage than under Frizzell. In the early 1990s, under Royle, Oldham reached the semi-finals of the FA Cup and the final of the Football League Cup, losing every time. However, in the 1990–91 season, the club won the Football League Second Division and were promoted to the First Division for the first time in over 70 years. In the 1992–93 season, Oldham was a group of 24 teams that were the founding members of the Premier League—England's top division of football. After Royle's departure to Everton F.C., Oldham struggled and were relegated twice in four seasons. In the early 2000s, Oldham Athletic almost went bankrupt. Businessman Chris Moore decided to purchase the club, promising to return to the Premier League within five years. However, later that season, he left the club, which also left behind much debt and a weak team. However, another businessman purchased the club in 2004, saving them from liquidation. In the 2006–07, under current manager John Sheridan, Oldham almost were promoted to the Football Championship, but lost in the semi-final of the play-offs. Bagpuss Bagpuss is a popular children's television series shown on BBC television. It was shown in 1974. Although only 13 episodes were made, it was so popular that it was repeated regularly until 1987. The series was made by Peter Firmin and Oliver Postgate through their company Smallfilms. The character Bagpuss was a toy cat. Bagpuss was described in each programme as "an old, saggy cloth cat, baggy, and a bit loose at the seams". Each programme began in the same way. It started by looking through old sepia photographs as these words were spoken: There was a shop called “Bagpuss & Co”. The cat sat in the shop window. The owner of the shop was a little girl named Emily. The shop did not sell anything. Instead, Emily would find things that were broken and lost. She fixed them and put them in the shop window. Emily hoping that the owners of the things would come and get them. She would leave the fixed thing in front of her favourite toy: the stuffed cat Bagpuss. Each programme began with these words: When Emily had left, Bagpuss would wake up. The programme changed from sepia to colour film, and the toys in the shop would come to life. There was Gabriel the toad, a rag doll called Madeleine, and a wooden woodpecker which was a bookend (something to stop a row of books falling over) called Professor Yaffle. Professor Yaffle spoke like a clever professor. He had a German accent and wore a pince-nez. He would look at the object and tell the audience what it was used for. There were also some mice. They lived in the “mouse organ” (a pun on the word mouthorgan). The mouse organ played music and the mice squeaked in high voices. All the voices except those of Madeleine and Gabriel were done by Oliver Postgate who also wrote the stories. At the end of the programme, Bagpuss would yawn again and fall asleep. The colour changed back to sepia and the toys became toys again as these words were spoken: Oliver Postgate Richard Oliver Postgate (12 April 1925 – 8 December 2008), generally known as Oliver Postgate, was an English animator, puppeteer and writer. He made several series of children’s programmes for British television. They all became very popular. They include "Pingwings", "Pogles' Wood", "Noggin the Nog", "Ivor the Engine", "Clangers" and "Bagpuss". They were all made by Smallfilms, the company he set up with Peter Firmin. They were shown on the BBC between the 1950s and the 1980s, and on ITV from 1959 to the present day. In a 1999 poll, "Bagpuss" was voted the most popular children's television programme of all time. His life. Early life. He was born in Hendon, Middlesex, England. He went to Woodstock School and Woodhouse County Secondary School in London. When World War II started he was evacuated to Devon and he finished his studies at Dartington Hall School. He refused to fight in the war, so he was sent to prison. However, he was soon let out because he volunteered to be a stretcher bearer for the Red Cross. In 1948 he trained as an actor at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, but he never became a professional actor. He was more interested in animation. He created the character of a pig made out of cardboard that played the violin. The BBC were not interested in his idea. Seven years later he joined the ITV London company Associated-Rediffusion as a stage manager. He worked on children’s programmes and made props. Television programmes. Postgate thought he could make better programmes than the ones he was working on, so he created "Alexander the Mouse", a story about a mouse that was born to be king. Postgate met an artist called Peter Firmin. He was good at drawing animation characters. The two men started to work together and for 30 years they created their well-known television series, running their own company called Smallfilms. The characters in their stories were moved by magnets under a table. They created "The Saga of Noggin the Nog" (1959-1965). It was based on old Norse legends. Then came "The Seal of Neptune" (1960), a story about horses that lived under the sea. They created "The Pogles" which was about a witch, but after the first broadcast it was thought to be too frightening for children. Then came "The Clangers" (1969-1974 which was their first colour production. Their most famous creation was "Bagpuss", the story of a toy cat made of rags that sat in a shop window. In 1987 the University of Kent at Canterbury awarded an honorary degree to Postgate. Postgate said that it should really be Bagpuss who got the degree. He later showed Bagpuss wearing academic dress Personal life. Postgate married Prudence Myers in 1957, becoming stepfather to her three children The couple had twin boys in 1959 and another son in 1964. Prudence died in 1982. Naomi Linnell was his partner in the last years of his life. He wrote an autobiography "Seeing Things" which was published in 2000. In his book he looked back at the programmes he made. He explained why they were so popular by saying: “They are simple, and they are well-founded in a safe place. They are full of fun and, like a good meal, they are rich and satisfying.” References. Obituary to Oliver Postgate, The Independent, 10 Dec 2008 p. 34 Gateshead Garden Festival The Gateshead Garden Festival was the fourth of the United Kingdom's five National Garden Festivals. It was held between May and October 1990, in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear. The festival took place for 157 days. Over three million people went to the festival. Glasgow Garden Festival The Glasgow Garden Festival was the third of the United Kingdom's five National Garden Festivals. It was the only one to take place in Scotland. It was held in Glasgow between April and September 1988. Animator An animator is an artist who makes drawings for movies. The animator makes many drawings which are called "frames". These are played very quickly, one after another, to create animation. It makes it look as if the pictures are moving. Animators can work in many areas including movies, television, video games, and the internet. There are many ways of making animations. Animators usually work with other people to form a team. These may be other animators, but can also include layout artists (who design the backgrounds, lighting, and camera angles), storyboard artists (who draw panels of the action from the script), background artists (who paint the "scenery"), voice actors who speak the words, and musicians who make the music. British Rail Class 116 The British Rail Class 116 diesel multiple units were built by BR Derby from 1957 to 1961. British Rail Class 117 The British Rail Class 117 diesel multiple units were built by Pressed Steel from 1959 to 1960. Ricky Sbragia Richard 'Ricky' Spragia (born May 26, 1956) is a former Scottish footballer who currently manages Sunderland. He was appointed in late December 2008 after the previous manager Roy Keane walked out after a run of bad results which had left Sunderland towards the foot of the table. In his first four games as caretaker manager he managed two wins and a draw and this was enough to get him the unanimous vote of the board and was appointed with a permanent contract on December 27, 2008. Flag of Austria The official Flag of Austria is the flag of the European country, Austria. It has three horizontal stripes, two red ones and a white one. British Rail Class 118 The British Rail Class 118 diesel multiple units were built by the Birmingham Railway Carriage & Wagon Company (BRCW) and introduced from 1960. British Rail Class 119 The British Rail Class 119 DMUs were used on the Western Region and on services in the Midlands that used units that were based at Tyseley Depot. Soon after they were introduced, many of the DMUs were moved to Cardiff. This was so that they could serve the intermediate stations on outer suburban services from London Paddington to Oxford. These were as 7-car sets, with the addition of Hawksworth composites adapted to run as DMU trailers. Donna Noble (Doctor Who) Donna Noble is a character in the British television series "Doctor Who". She is played by Catherine Tate. She is a secretary from Chiswick, London. She is a companion of the Tenth Doctor. She appears in one scene at the end of the last episode of the 2006 series, "Doomsday" (named in the credits only as "The Bride"), and in the second Christmas special, "The Runaway Bride". The character returned as The Doctor's full-time companion for the whole of the fourth series in 2008. Character history. During the 2006 series Christmas episode "The Runaway Bride", Donna Noble is a temporary secretary at H.C. Clements in London, a security firm which, unknown to her, concealed the Torchwood Institute up until its collapse following the events of "Doomsday", and was then taken over by an alien intelligence. Her parents are Geoff and Sylvia Noble. On Christmas Eve, the day of her wedding, she is accidentally pulled into the TARDIS because she has been drugged with Huon particles by her fiancé, Lance Bennett, because he was told to do so by Empress of the Racnoss. She aids the Doctor in defeating the Racnoss Empress, but says no to his invitation to travel with him — she is frightened not only by his adventures, but also by the Doctor himself. Having seen him commit genocide on the Racnoss, she urges him to find a new companion to act as his moral support. It was revealed later in "Turn Left" that the Doctor would have been killed while stopping the Racnoss if Donna was not there. Reappearing in April 2008's Series four premiere, "Partners in Crime", Donna has become dissatisfied with regular life and more interested in the bigger picture. She regrets declining the Doctor's offer and has been investigating unusual phenomena in the hopes of finding the Doctor for some time. When investigating Miss Foster and Adipose Industries, the Londoner and the Time Lord are finally re-united. She expresses her regret to the Doctor for not joining him and after stopping Foster's plans to convert the whole of London into Adipose children she joins him in the TARDIS as a regular companion. She makes it explicit, however, that she has no romantic attachment to him as Martha Jones and Rose Tyler did. In "The Fires of Pompeii", Donna continually argues with the Doctor over the moral issue of whether or not he should save the inhabitants of Pompeii from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius the next day. Ultimately, they are forced to cause the eruption to happen, weighing the destruction of the city against the fate of the whole world. Donna was the Doctor's full time companion for all 13 episodes of Series 4. Her return to the series sees her with her maternal grandfather, recurring character Wilfred Mott, as well as her mother, Sylvia. Mott is played by Bernard Cribbins, whose appearance as a newspaper seller in Voyage of the Damned was merged into his new role following the death of Howard Attfield who played Donna's father in "The Runaway Bride". Donna has encountered the Racnoss, the Adipose, the Pyroviles, the Ood, the Sontarans, The Hath, Vespiforms, the Vashta Nerada, the Judoon, the Shadow Proclamation, and the Daleks. In the final episode of the fourth series Journey's End the Doctor erased Donna's memory of him and left her on Earth. He warned that she'd "burn up" if she remembered him. Donna is involved in The End Of Time. At Donna's Marriage, The Doctor gives Sylvia a winning Lottery ticket before moving on to meet the first of his companions, Rose Tyler. British Rail Class 120 The Class 120 was a cross-country DMU. It was made up of three units. The first unit was built in 1958 at the British Rail Swindon Works. British Rail Class 121 Sixteen Class 121 single-car driving motor vehicles were built from 1960, numbered 55020-55035. These were supplemented by ten trailer vehicles, numbered 56280-289 (later renumbered 54280-289). They had a top speed of 70 mph, with slam-doors, and vacuum brakes. The driving motor vehicles were nicknamed "Bubble Cars" by some enthusiasts. British Rail Class 122 The British Rail Class 122 diesel multiple units were built by Gloucester RC&W in 1958. Twenty single-car driving motor vehicles, called "Bubble Cars", were built, numbered 55000-55019. These were supplemented by ten trailer vehicles, numbered 56290-299 (later renumbered 54290-299). British Rail Class 123 The Class 123 was a design of Diesel Multiple Unit built for British Rail in 1963. They were built by British Rail at Swindon Works, and designed like all Swindon units as inter-city sets. Ten of the four-car sets were built and introduced in 1963. The units bear a visible similarity to the British Rail Class 309, however there is no 'relation' here as the two types were built by different manufacturers for different markets. British Rail Class 124 The British Rail Class 124 was a class of initially six-car Diesel Multiple Units used and built specifically for the trans-pennine route. They were progressively shortened during their lifetime, finally finishing as three-car sets. They were all withdrawn by the late 1980s. There was a movement to preserve a set of this class, however it was unsuccessful and eventually all were lost. British Rail Class 125 The Class 125 was a design of three car Diesel Multiple Unit built for British Rail in 1958. They were high-density units, externally very similar to the Class 116. They were built specifically for the Lea Valley Line, were all withdrawn in 1977, and none survive to this day. Like many first-generation DMU classes, they never carried their 125xxx TOPS set numbers. British Rail Class 126 The introduction of what became the Class 126 diesel multiple units originated in a British Transport Commission report of 1952 that suggested the trial use of diesel railcars. BR's Swindon Works were chosen to design and build express units for the ex-North British Railway Edinburgh Waverley to Glasgow Queen Street route. Swindon built a second batch in 1959/60 for use on services from Glasgow to Ayrshire. British Rail Class 127 The British Rail Class 127 diesel multiple units were built by BR Derby in 1959. Thirty 4-car units were built, formed of two outer driving motor vehicles, sandwiching two intermediate trailers. The technical description of such as 4-car unit was DMBS + TSL + TS + DMBS. British Rail Class 128 British Rail Class 128 was a class of diesel multiple unit, built for British Rail. Introduced in 1959, ten of the class were built by British United Traction, each with two 230 hp Leyland engines. The class was built specifically for parcels, and did not feature any passenger accommodation; fitted out with parcel racks and bike storages at each end. The last members of the class were withdrawn in 1991, and none were preserved. British Rail Class 129 The Class 129 was a class of single-car Diesel Multiple Unit built in 1955 for British Rail. Only three were built by Cravens and were introduced in 1958. The class was built for parcels traffic like the Class 128. One unit (55997) survived into departmental service being named 'Hydra'. The driving ends of a Class 129 car bore a visible similarity to that of the British Rail Class 105. The Master (Doctor Who) The Master is a character in the British science fiction television series "Doctor Who". He is an evil Time Lord and is one of the biggest enemies of the Doctor. When the Master first appeared in 1971, he was played by Roger Delgado. Delgado continued in the role until his death in 1973. Afterwards, Peter Pratt and Geoffrey Beevers played a decayed version of the Time Lord, until Anthony Ainley assumed the part in 1981. He remained until "Doctor Who"'s cancellation in 1989. In 1996, the Master was played by Eric Roberts in the TV movie. In the revived series, Derek Jacobi provided the character's re-introduction before handing over to John Simm, who portrayed the Master in the end of the 2007 series. Michelle Gomez took over the role in 2014. History in the show. The Master was once a childhood friend of the Doctor. In "The Sound of Drums" (2007), there is a brief clip of the young Master as the Doctor talks about his childhood. When they joined the Time Lord Academy at the age of eight, they were taken to look into the "Untempered Schism". This was a portal through which you could see the time vortex (the tunnel the TARDIS travels through as it travels in time) and see the full power of the Time Lords. He suggests that this is what made the Master go mad. A would-be universal conqueror, the Master wants to control the universe (in "The Deadly Assassin" his ambitions were becoming "the master of all matter", and in "The Sound of Drums" he acknowledges that he chose his own name). His most distinctive ability is that of hypnotising people by fixing them with an intense stare, often accompanied by the phrase, "I am the Master, and you will obey me." Some suspect that a character known as the War Chief in the episode "The War Games" is actually the Master in disguise. However, this has not been confirmed. Characteristics. The Master and the Doctor are shown to have similar levels of intelligence, and were classmates on Gallifrey. This is mentioned several times in different stories ("The Five Doctors", "The Sea Devils" and "Terror of the Autons"). In the 2007 episode "Utopia", the Doctor calls the disguised Master a genius and shows an immense admiration for his intellect before discovering who he is. Both the Doctor and the Master have been shown to be skilled hypnotists, although the Master's capacity to dominate – even by stare and voice alone – has been shown to be far more pronounced. The Master is also known to always survive death with no explanation other than "I escaped." TARDIS. In the original "Doctor Who" series, the Master's TARDISes have fully functioning chameleon circuits and have appeared as many things. By the time of the new series, it is unclear whether any of the Master's TARDISes still exist. In "Rise of the Cybermen", the Tenth Doctor claims that his TARDIS is the last one in existence although at the time of his saying this, he also thought he was the last Time Lord. In "Utopia", the Master resorts to stealing the Doctor's TARDIS, with no explanation of how he travelled from the Time War to the end of the universe. Other appearances. The Master has also been featured in spin-offs of the series, which are of unclear canonicity and may not take place in the same continuity. The Master in these stories is, nevertheless, recognisably the same person. One of the most important of these other appearances is David A. McIntee's "Master trilogy" of novels comprising "The Dark Path" and "First Frontier" in the Virgin Publishing lines and "The Face of the Enemy" for BBC Books, and the "Doctor Who" audio dramas produced by Big Finish Productions, in which Geoffrey Beevers has once again played the Master. Alex MacQueen has also played the Master in Big Finish audio dramas. Comic strips. The Master returns in a new body and guise, that of a street preacher, in the previously mentioned "Doctor Who Magazine" (DWM) comic strip story "The Fallen", although the Doctor does not recognise him. The Master reveals himself a few stories later, in "The Glorious Dead" (DWM 287-296). The Master had survived the events of the television movie by encountering a cosmic being named Esterath in the time vortex. Esterath controls the Glory, the focal point of the Omniversal spectrum which underlies all existence. The Master's scheme to take control of the Glory fails, and he is banished to parts unknown (see Kroton). In "Character Assassin" (DWM 311), the Delgado Master visits the Land of Fiction and steals part of the technology behind it, wiping out several nineteenth century fictional villains as he goes. He can also be seen in the following comic strips set during the Pertwee era: Role playing game. The "Doctor Who" role-playing game published by FASA in 1985 has two modules that give information about the Master. The modules identify the Meddling Monk as an alias the Master has used in the past. Dartmouth University Dartmouth University was a university in New Hampshire which existed from 1817 to 1819. It was the result of an attempt by the state legislature to change Dartmouth College, a private college, into a public university but it did not happen. Alex Kapranos Alexander Paul Kapranos Huntley (born 20 March 1972), commonly known as Alex Kapranos, is an English musician. He is the lead singer of Scottish band Franz Ferdinand. Kapranos was born in Almondsbury, Gloucestershire to an English mother and Greek father. Death from Above 1979 Death from Above 1979 is a Toronto-based Canadian band with two members. The members were Jesse F. Keeler on bass guitar, synths and backing vocals, and Sebastien Grainger on vocals and drums. Valentin Berlinsky Valentin Berlinsky (born Irkutsk, 19 January, 1925; died 15 December, 2008) was a Russian cellist. He played with the world-famous Borodin Quartet from 1945 when it was founded, and was a member until he retired in 2007. His life. Early life. Valentin Berlinsky was born in Irkutsk, Siberia. His father had learned the violin with the famous teacher Leopold Auer. He had formed his own string quartet, the Berlinksy Quartet, who had played in many parts of the Soviet Union. Valentin learned the violin from his father. Soon he was sent to Moscow where he studied the cello and played with the Moscow Youth Orchestra. He played in a student concert together with Mstislav Rostropovich in 1938. For many years Berlinsky taught the cello at the Gnessin School of Music in Moscow. He did not often perform as soloist. He preferred being a member of a chamber music group. The Borodin Quartet. In 1945 four young players formed a string quartet called the Moscow Conservatoire Quartet. Mstislav Rostropovich was the cellist, Rostislav Dubinsky and Nina Barshai played the violins and Rudolf Barshai played the viola. However, after a couple of weeks Rostropovich found he was too busy, so he suggested that Berlinsky should take his place. The four players that now formed the quartet signed an oath that they would be loyal and stay together as a group. They signed the oath with their own blood. Valentin often showed this piece of paper to people. For 60 years he kept a careful record of all the concerts they played. They called themselves the Borodin Quartet after the composer Alexander Borodin. The four musicians first met Dmitri Shostakovich in 1946. They became famous for playing his string quartets. Shostakovich was to compose 15 string quartets. The Borodin Quartet were the most famous string quartet in the Soviet Union, but it was difficult for them to get permission to play in other countries until the fall of the Soviet Union. Last years. Valentin Berlinsky retired from the Borodin Quartet in September 2007. His place was taken by his pupil, Vladimir Balshin, but Berlinsky still continued to help the quartet. He died on 15 December 2008, in Moscow, after a long illness. His daughter Lyudmila is a pianist. Steve Lamacq Steve Lamacq (born 16 October 1965) is a disc jockey for BBC radio stations. He is known by his nicknames Lammo or "The Cat". He was born in Basingstoke, Hampshire and grew up in Essex. Internship "Intern" is the job title given to people who work in an organization that has an internship program. It is similar to an apprenticeship but is the term more commonly used if the work takes place in office environments. The work in an internship is expected to be part of the desired learning experience for the intern. The specific requirements for being an intern vary widely. Internship positions are posted online similarly to job postings but focus instead on engaging students in real-world projects before they have completed their studies. Internships are usually temporary positions, often lasting between one school term and one year. Interns are sometimes given longer-term job opportunities. The Master The Master can refer to: Symphonie fantastique The Symphonie fantastique is a symphony written by the French composer Hector Berlioz. It is one of the most famous Romantic works for orchestra. The official title of the piece is Episode de la Vie d’un Artiste (An Episode in the Life of an Artist), but it is always called by its subtitle "Symphonie Fantastique" which means "Fantasy Symphony". The “Fantasy” refers to the story that is described by the music. ("Fantasy Symphony" is a better translation than "Fantastic Symphony" because "fantastique" is not like the modern meaning of the English word "fantastic"). The symphony lasts about 45 minutes and is divided into 5 movements. Berlioz himself wrote down the story that the music describes, just as Beethoven had done with his "Sixth Symphony". Berlioz’s work is about a young artist. In the music the young artist is represented by a tune. This tune is often heard during the symphony. That is why it is called an “"idée fixe"”, which means a “fixed idea”, i.e. an idea that keeps coming again and again. An "idée fixe" is what Wagner would have called a leitmotif (a tune which is always used to describe a particular person or thing in a piece of music). The first performance took place at the Paris Conservatoire in December 1830. Berlioz made several changes to the music between 1831 and 1845. The instruments used. The symphony is played by an orchestra consisting of 2 flutes (2nd doubling piccolo), 2 oboes (2nd doubling cor anglais), 2 clarinets (1st doubling E-flat clarinet), 4 bassoons, 4 French horns, 2 trumpets, 2 cornets, 3 trombones, 2 ophicleides (originally one ophicleide and one serpent), 2 pairs of timpani, snare drum, cymbals, bass drum, bells in C and G, 2 harps, and strings. The story. The symphony is an example of programme music because it describes something apart from the music. In this case it describes a story. This is what the composer wrote: First movement: "A young artist was deeply in love with a girl who did not love him. He felt so desperately sad that he tried to poison himself with opium. He did not take enough to kill him. It just made him fall into a deep sleep. In this sleep he imagined all sorts of things. His beloved came to him in a dream. She changes into a musical theme (the "idée fixe") which he just cannot forget. He imagines her love and his tender feelings for her." Second movement: "He meets her at a ball. Everyone is dancing. He finds his beloved among the crowd." Third movement: "In the country he hears two shepherds who call to one another on their pipes. The trees sway gently in the wind. The young artist starts to feel happier. Then he sees his beloved again. He starts to worry that she may not want him any more. The shepherd music starts again, but it is only one of the shepherds playing. The sun sets. Far away a thunderstorm is heard." The fourth movement: "He dreams that he has killed his beloved in a fit of anger. He is now being taken to the scaffold where he will have his head chopped off. A march is played as he is taken away. For a moment he thinks of his beloved again, then the axe falls and he is executed." The fifth movement: "The artist is at the Witches’ Sabbath. There are lots of ghosts and monsters around who have come to watch him being buried. His beloved is heard, but her tune now sounds horrible. She has come to the Sabbath. She joins the witches and they dance while the funeral music is heard." The first movement: Rêveries - Passions (Daydreams - Passions). The first movement has a slow introduction. The tune heard on the violins is already nearly like the "idée fixe". The "idée fixe" is heard in its full form when the music goes into the fast section. It is played by the violins and solo flute. The rhythm that the lower string instruments play underneath is very agitated. The form of the movement is not much like the traditional sonata form. Berlioz was more interested in the "idée fixe" which keeps haunting the young artist all the way through. The second movement: Un bal (A ball). The ball (i.e. a party with dancing) is represented in the music by a lively waltz. The two harps make it sound very graceful. Twice the waltz is interrupted by the "idée fixe". The third movement: Scène aux champs (Scene in the country). The two shepherds who are playing to one another are represented by a cor anglais (sitting in the orchestra) and an oboe which is played offstage so that it sounds distant. Then the main gentle countryside theme is heard on solo flute and violins. The "idée fixe" returns in the middle of the movement. The sound of distant thunder at the end of the movement is played by four timpani. The fourth movement: Marche au supplice (March to the scaffold). The movement starts with timpani rumbling and horns starting up the march theme. Then the cellos and double basses start the march in its full form, soon taken over by the violins. Just before he is executed there is a short repetition of the "idée fixe" on a solo clarinet, then the axe falls (a loud chord) and his head falls into the basket (one plucked note passed from the violins, through the violas, cellos and then double basses). The fifth movement: Songe d'une nuit de sabbat (Dream of a witches' Sabbath). The "idée fixe" has now become a "vulgar dance tune", it is played on the E-flat clarinet. There are lots of effects, including ghostly "col legno" playing in the strings, the bubbling of the witches' cauldron played by the wind instruments. As the dance reaches a climax we hear the Dies Irae (Day of Judgement) melody together with the "Ronde du Sabbat" (Sabbath Round) which is a wild fugue. Harriet Smithson. In 1827 Berlioz went to a performance of Shakespeare’s play "Hamlet". It was played in English by a theatre group from England. Berlioz fell in love with Irish actress Harriet Smithson who played the part of Ophelia, He did not actually meet her, he just saw her acting on stage, but he sent her lots of love letters, but she left Paris without meeting him. He then wrote his Symphonie Fantastique. He then wrote the symphony to describe his love for her and his unhappiness because she was not interested in him. When Harriet heard the symphony two years after it was first performed, she realized that it was a symphony about her. She eventually met Berlioz and they were married on 3 October 1833. For several years the marriage was happy, although they did not speak one another’s language. However, after nine years they separated. Christ's Hospital Christ's Hospital is a boarding school in Sussex. The school was started in 1552. King Edward VI started it. The headmaster is John Franklin BA MEd Admin. It has 831 students. The school is very big. Gang of Four (band) Gang of Four are an English post-punk group from Leeds. The first line-up was singer Jon King, guitarist Andy Gill, bass guitarist Dave Allen and drummer Hugo Burnham. They were most popular from 1977 to 1984. Bloc Québécois The Bloc Québécois (BQ) is a federal political party based in Canada that mainly believes and advocates Quebec should secede from Canada, also known as Quebec sovereignty. The Bloc was created by Members of Parliament (MPs) from the national Progressive Conservative Party and the Liberal Party. They were angry that the Meech Lake Accord could not pass. The party is considered to be centre-left. The leader of the party is currently Yves-François Blanchet. History. The Bloc Québécois was founded in 1991 by Lucien Bouchard, who also became its first leader, in order to represent and advocate the Quebec sovereignty movement at the federal level in the Parliament of Canada. The Bloc was always the party with the biggest number of seats in Quebec between 1993 and 2011, and again since 2019. They are usually the second or third biggest party in the House of Commons. In the 2011 federal election, the party won only 4 seats. In the 2019 federal election, the party won 32 seats. In the 2021 federal election, the party won 32 seats in the House of Commons. Relationship with the Parti Québécois. The Parti Québécois is a provincial political party in Quebec to which it is allied. The Parti Québécois also wants sovereignty for Québec. Although the two political parties are separate organizations, they help each other during elections. Angular Recording Corporation Angular Recording Corporation is an independent record label that was first based in New Cross, South East London. It was started in June 2003 by two ex-Goldsmiths College students, Joe Daniel and Joe Margetts. The Weather Makers The Weather Makers: The History and Future Impact of Climate Change (2005) is a book by Tim Flannery. The book includes 36 short essays predicting the consequences of global warming. The book reviews the evidence about historical climate change and attempts to put our era into context. The book asserts that if atmospheric carbon dioxide levels continue to increase at current rates, the resulting climate change will cause mass species extinctions. The book received much critical acclaim, and has won a major literary prize. Mumia Mumia (also pulvis mumiae, Mumia vera aegyptiaca) was a powder made from ground mummies. It was used as a drug, for good health, and as a coloring agent (a medium to dark brown) until the 1920s. Eating ground mumified corpses is a form of cannibalism. The powder was said to work against almost any disease. To mummify a corpse, tar was used. It was said this tar had magical powers. It was also said to be an aphrodisiac. Nuclear or Not? Nuclear or Not? Does Nuclear Power Have a Place in a Sustainable Energy Future? is a 2007 book edited by Professor David Elliott. The book offers various views on nuclear power. Authors include: Professor Elliott calls for continued debate on the nuclear power issue. He is Professor of Technology Policy at the Open University, and has developed courses on technological innovation, focusing in particular on renewable energy technology. Nuclear Nebraska Nuclear Nebraska: The Remarkable Story of the Little County That Couldn’t Be Bought () is a 2007 book by Susan Cragin which follows the controversy about a proposed low level nuclear waste dump which was planned for Boyd County, Nebraska. In 1989, two multinational corporations and several government agencies put forward a proposal for the waste dump and offered payment of $3 million a year for 40 years. However, the residents of the largely uneducated Boyd County farming community chose to resist the offer and controversy followed for almost two decades. During this time, the community was transformed "from a small group of isolated farmers to a defiant band of environmentalists". The opposition of the community eventually succeeded, and the license to build the dump was denied. Hiroshima (book) Hiroshima () is a magazine article written by Pulitzer Prize winner John Hersey that appeared in "The New Yorker" in August 1946, one year after the United States dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima, Japan. The article was soon made into a book. It described how the bombing affected the lives of six individuals: Each account is followed by a brief statement describing how close each person was to the center of the blast. Railways in Melbourne Melbourne has a long history of railway building. The city's first railway opened in 1854, when in 1834 the city itself did not exist. The network then grew as lines were built throughout the suburbs, reaching a peak by the 1900s. Electrification of the system was carried out from 1919, with electric multiple unit operation starting at the same time. Non-Nuclear Futures Non-Nuclear Futures: The Case for an Ethical Energy Strategy is a 1975 book by Amory B. Lovins and John H. Price. The book says that the nuclear power debate is not about technical disputes but relates to different personal views (personal values). The personal values that make a high-energy society work are all too apparent, and the values associated with an alternate view relate to thrift, simplicity, diversity, neighbourliness, craftsmanship, and humility. Lovins and Price say that these two different sets of personal values lead to two very different policy paths relating to future energy supplies. The first is high-energy nuclear, centralized, electric; the second is lower energy, non-nuclear, decentralized, less electrified, softer technology. The Clean Tech Revolution The Clean Tech Revolution: The Next Big Growth and Investment Opportunity, is a 2007 book by Ron Pernick and Clint Wilder. They say that using clean technologies is a profitable enterprise that is moving steadily into mainstream business. Clean technologies are seen to be important for economic growth. Pernick and Wilder highlight eight major clean technology areas: solar power, wind power, biofuels, green buildings, personal transportation, the smart grid, mobile applications (such as portable fuel cells), and water filtration. Very large corporations such as GE, Toyota and Sharp, and investment firms such as Goldman Sachs are spending billions of dollars on clean technology. History of clean tech. Pernick and Wilder say that, in the 1970s, clean technology was considered “alternative”. Even at the start of the 21st century, the term "clean tech" was not yet widely used. But now, throughout much of the world, in trends large and small, there is "the beginning of a revolution that is changing the places where we live and work, the products we manufacture and purchase, and the development plans of cities, regional governments, and nations around the globe." Clean technology trends. Pernick and Wilder highlight eight major clean technology sectors: solar power, wind power, biofuels, green buildings, personal transportation, the smart grid, mobile applications, and water filtration. The authors explain how investors, entrepreneurs, and individuals can profit from technological innovation in these areas. Pernick and Wilder identify some specific clean technologies, companies, and regions that are leading the way. The book also explains that nuclear power and clean coal are not clean technologies. Apart from the risks associated with nuclear power, "multibillion-dollar nuclear plants are simply not cost-effective when compared with other energy sources." The authors also believe that "clean coal" is an oxymoron for a myriad of reasons, including the sheer number of coal mine-related deaths and the fact that coal-fired plants, even some cleaner ones, are major contributors to serious illnesses such as asthma, heart disease, and mercury poisoning. Emerging clean tech cities are seen to include Copenhagen, where wind power generates 20 percent of Denmark's electricity, and Chicago, a leader in "green" buildings saving energy, heating and cooling costs. Six C's. Pernick and Wilder identify six major forces, which they call the six C’s, that are pushing clean technology into the mainstream and driving rapid growth and expansion: costs, capital, competition, China, consumers, and climate. Recent developments. In a September 2007 article in "Renewable Energy Access" Wilder explains that, while some hurdles remain, the key solar trends mapped out in "The Clean Tech Revolution"—scaling up manufacturing and driving down costs—are coming to pass: From the Nevada desert to the roofs of Wal-Mart stores to the legendary plains of Spain, solar is entering a bold, bright new era. Each week, solar seems to be winning new enthusiasts like Forbes, new investors of all stripes, and new large-scale business users like Wal-Mart, Macy's and Kohl's. Late last month, North Carolina Governor Mike Easley signed that state's first renewable portfolio standard into law, which includes a solar set-aside. Investment money is pouring in, production lines are humming and expanding, the silicon shortage is being addressed, and the long-fought challenge of bringing solar to scale (the title of a 2002 Clean Edge report) is finally showing real hope. Last month, red-hot Chinese solar wafer supplier LDK Solar (whose second-quarter revenue grew 700%) announced manufacturing expansions that would raise its production capacity above 1,600 megawatts (MW) by the end of 2009. German solar cell producer Ersol Solar Energy just inked a contract for 1 billion euros to supply Germany PV module company Solon AG for 11 years. Ernst & Young and Dow Jones VentureOne have reported that investments in clean technology companies in the first half of 2007 have reached $1.1 billion. The research found that clean technology investments are poised to increase by more than 35% in 2007 compared with 2006. Very large corporations such as GE, Toyota and Sharp, and investment firms such as Goldman Sachs are now making multi-billion dollar investments in clean technology. The State of the World The State of the World is a book published annually since 1984 by the Worldwatch Institute. The series attempts to identify the Earth’s most significant environmental challenges. The 1998 through 2003 editions are available as a free (PDF) download from the Worldwatch website . Electrical substation An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation, transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or the reverse using transformers. Electric power may flow through several substations between generating plant and consumer, and may be changed in voltage in several steps. Winning the Oil Endgame Winning the Oil Endgame is a 2005 book by Amory B. Lovins, published by the Rocky Mountain Institute. It talks about four ways to reduce oil (petroleum) dependence in the United States: Problems and solutions. The authors suggest that oil dependence is a problem we need no longer have. U.S. oil dependence can be profitably eliminated by proven and attractive technologies. The authors argue that America can lead the world into the post-petroleum era and create a vibrant economy. (p.xiii) The Author. Amory Lovins has published 28 books and hundreds of papers. His work has been recognized by the Alternative Nobel, Onassis, Nissan, Shingo and Mitchell prizes, a MacArthur Fellowship, the Happold Medal, eight honorary doctorates, and the Heinz, Lindbergh, World Technology, and Hero of the Planet Awards. Lovins has also acted as a consultant to many Fortune 500 companies. Betrayers of the Truth Betrayers of the Truth: Fraud and Deceit in the Halls of Science is a book written in 1983 by William Broad and Nicholas Wade. The book is asks questions about of some beliefs about what science is and the method used by scientists to do science. The authors shows examples that have to do with how scientific research is done. It talks about making up results and making up of whole experiments. Amory Lovins Amory Bloch Lovins is Chairman and Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute. For four decades he has worked in energy policy and related areas. Lovins worked professionally as an environmentalist in the 1970s and since then as an analyst of a "soft energy path" for the United States and other nations. He has promoted energy efficiency, the use of renewable energy sources, and the generation of energy at or near the site where the energy is actually used. Lovins has also promoted a "negawatt revolution" arguing that utility customers do not want kilowatt-hours of electricity; they want energy services. In the 1990s, his work with Rocky Mountain Institute included the design of an ultra-efficient automobile, the Hypercar. Lovins has received ten honorary doctorates and won many awards. He has provided expert testimony in eight countries, briefed 19 heads of state, and published 29 books. These books include "Winning the Oil Endgame", "Small is Profitable", "Factor Four", and "Natural Capitalism". In 2009, "Time magazine" named Lovins as one of the world's 100 most influential people. Daniel Faulkner Daniel Faulkner (1955 – 1981) was a Philadelphia police officer who was murdered on December 9, 1981. The suspect convicted of the murder was Mumia Abu-Jamal. Due to the murky circumstances surrounding the death, several activists protested about Abu-Jamal’s imprisonment. Faulkner was 25 years old at the time of his death. James Hansen James E. Hansen (born March 29, 1941 in Denison, Iowa) headed the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City, a part of the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, Earth Sciences Division until early 2013. He is currently an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Columbia University. Hansen is best known for his research in the field of climatology, his testimony on climate change to congressional committees in the 1980s that helped raise broad awareness of the global warming issue, and his continuing advocacy of action to limit the impacts of climate change. He has been a critic of the Bill Clinton and George W. Bush Administration's stances on climate change. Hansen studied astronomy and physics in the 1960s at the University of Iowa. He did scientific research on the atmospheres of other planets, and later Earth's atmosphere. Hansen was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1996 and he received a US$250,000 Heinz Environment Award for his research on global warming in 2001. He was listed as one of Time Magazine's 100 Most Influential People in the (2006) list and, in 2007, he shared the US$1 million Dan David Prize. On April 5, 2008, Dr. Hansen received the PNC Bank Common Wealth Award of Distinguished Service for his outstanding achievements in science. Hansen posited in a 2007 paper that 350 ppm (parts per million) of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a safe upper limit to avoid a climate tipping point. The current record level is 389 ppm of CO2, an almost 40-percent increase from the pre-industrial revolution level of 278 ppm. In 1988 the Earth's atmosphere surpassed the 350 ppm mark, while global CO2 emissions per capita rose. Hansens strong public opposition to the exploitation of oil sands and the pipeline project created some controversy in the media. "Storms of My Grandchildren" is Hansen's first book about the climate change. In 2013, Hansen was co-author of an open letter saying "continued opposition to nuclear power threatens humanity's ability to avoid dangerous climate change." Brighton, Indiana Brighton is a town of Greenfield Township, in LaGrange County, in the state of Indiana, in the United States. Tarzan (1999 movie) Tarzan is a 1999 animated movie based on Edgar Rice Burroughs' novel "Tarzan of the Apes" and made by The Walt Disney Company. It was the first Disney animated feature to start at #1 in the box office since "Pocahontas". It was the first to have a production budget of $100 million since "The Hunchback of Notre Dame". Plot. A British couple and their baby son has survived a shipwreck. They become stranded off the African coast near uncharted jungles. The couple builds a treehouse to live in. They are later attacked and killed by a vicious leopard called Sabor. Meanwhile, a family of gorillas are travelling to their feeding grounds. One of them is Kala, whose own child was killed by the leopard. She hears the cries of the orphaned baby. She follows the sound across the jungle to the treehouse. She finds the child there. Sabor attacks her, but Kala and the baby escape without being hurt. They return to the gorilla family. Kala decides to raise the child as her own. She names him Tarzan. That makes her mate Kerchak angry. He tells her the baby will never replace the child they lost. As a child, Tarzan makes friends with several animals and other gorillas in the family. They include the female ape Terk and the male elephant Tantor. Tarzan has trouble keeping up. One day, Terk and her friends dare Tarzan to get a hair from an elephant's tail. The dare goes wrong when the elephants stampede into the gorilla territory and almost kill a baby gorilla. However, Tarzan is able to get the hair. After Kerchak tells Kala that Tarzan will never be one of the family, Tarzan runs off into the jungle. Kala consoles him. He keeps trying. He learns how to do things from the animals of the jungle. He becomes a muscular apelike man. One day, Sabor attacks the gorillas and Tarzan kills her. This makes Kerchak respect him. A gunshot is heard. While the others go into the jungle, Tarzan decides to investigate. He sees a team of human explorers. The group includes Professor Porter, his daughter Jane and their hunter guide Clayton. They are in Africa looking for gorillas. Jane gets separated from the group. She is attacked by a troop of baboons. Tarzan saves her from them. He discovers that Jane and he are the same-humans. They go back to Jane's camp. Terk, Tantor and some gorillas from the troop are looking for Tarzan. They find the human campsite. They use the various items in the camp as instruments, and slowly destroy it. Tarzan and Jane arrive at the camp. When Clayton and Professor Porter get there, Tarzan goes with the gorillas into the jungle. Kerchak warns the other gorillas to stay away from the humans, but Tarzan says that the humans are not dangerous. He secretly continues his visits to the explorers. He learns about the human world. He and Jane fall in love. When the explorer's boat arrives to take them back to England, Tarzan is sad to see Jane leaving. Clayton tricks Tarzan into believing that Jane will remain in Africa forever if he shows her the gorillas. Tarzan persuades Tantor and Terk to lead Kerchak away from the explorers. The plan seemingly works and Tarzan leads the explorers to the gorilla nesting grounds. The explorers are happy to mingle with the apes, but then Kerchak arrives and attacks the humans. Tarzan restrains him to save the explorers and leaves the troop, having alienated himself. When Kala finds him, staring off into the distance, she takes him to the treehouse where she found him as a baby. Tarzan then decides to go to England with the explorers. The next day, as the group board the ship, a mutiny occurs and Tarzan and his friends are captured and detained in the brig, but not before Clayton reveals that he came to Africa to capture the gorillas and sell them to a zoo. He and his goons then enter the jungle and start capturing the gorillas. Fortunately, Tarzan and his friends escape with the aid of several animals from the jungle. Together, they free the gorillas and retaliate against the poachers. Clayton then shoots Tarzan, but only grazes his arm. When Kerchak comes to the ape man's aid, Clayton shoots him, but fatally injures him. He then chases Tarzan into the trees where a fight ensues. Tarzan briefly holds Clayton at gunpoint, before destroying the hunter's rifle. Clayton then attacks the ape man with a machete and starts wildly hacking vines, not knowing that one of them is round his neck like a noose. Despite Tarzan begging him to stop, he cuts the vines and the hunter is quickly hung to death. Tarzan then approaches Kerchak, who is close to death. Kerchak then asks Tarzan to forgive him for not realising he has always been a member of the gorilla troop and passes his leadership on to Tarzan, before succumbing to his injuries. The ape man then becomes the new leader of the gorillas. The next day, Jane and her father prepare to leave. Jane then realises she loves Tarzan and she and her father then decide to remain in Africa. Tarzan and Jane then embark on their new life together. Television. A spin-off television animated series named "The Legend of Tarzan" ran from 2001 to 2003. The series picks up where the movie left off. Tarzan is adjusting to his new role as leader of the apes following Kerchak's death. Sequels. Direct-to-video sequels: Awards. "Tarzan" won the following awards: Annie Awards. "Tarzan" was also nominated for 11 Annie Awards, winning one. M3 motorway (Great Britain) The M3 is a motorway between Sunbury-on-Thames and Southampton in England. It links London with Southampton and Portsmouth, as well as South West England. It is about long. Junctions. !scope=col|miles !scope=col|km !scope=col abbr="Northeastbound"|North-east bound exits (B carriageway) !scope=col|Junction !scope=col abbr="Southwestbound"|South-west bound exits (A carriageway) M2 motorway (Great Britain) The M2 motorway is a motorway between Strood and Faversham in England. It is used as a different way to get to Dover, other than the M20. M4 motorway The M4 is a long motorway in the United Kingdom. It goes from London to South Wales. It also passes Bristol. It was first called the London–South Wales Motorway. Junctions. !scope=col|mile !scope=col|km !scope=col abbr="Eastbound"|Eastbound exits (B carriageway) !scope=col|Junction !scope=col abbr="Westbound"|Westbound exits (A carriageway) Sunbury-on-Thames Sunbury-on-Thames is a town in Surrey, England, UK. It is not far from the border with Greater London. It is where the M3 motorway starts. Olive-backed forest robin Olive-backed forest robin ("Stiphrornis pyrrholaeumus") (Turdinae) is a bird discovered recently in Gabon. Hall et Moreau recognized as monotypic species merged in Forest Robin, type species "S.erythrothorax", and the recent studies confirm this arrangement, i.e. the genetic distance between the two taxa does not deserve species status. Conspiracy theory A conspiracy theory is a story that says that a group of people ("conspirators") have agreed ("conspired") to do illegal or evil things and hide them from the public. Conspiracy theories usually have little or no evidence. Many conspiracy theories say that certain historical events were actually caused by such conspirators. Examples. Some conspiracy theories are about the: Apollo moon landing, the 9/11 attacks, the existence of UFO's, the assassination of JFK and the death of Diana, Princess of Wales. Other examples not relating to specific events are the Illuminati, Freemasonry-related conspiracy theories, and chemtrails. There are different kinds of conspiracy theory. some cases are straightforward. They pretend to explain events to which we "do" know the real cause, or for which there is no specific cause. We now know all we are ever going to know about the 9/11 attacks and the death of Diana, Princess of Wales. Likewise, that the Earth is round (as opposed to flat) has so much evidence that denying it is simply irrational. Their growth. There has been a growth in recent years in conspiracy theories proposed on the internet. Conspiracy theories once limited to fringe audiences have become common in mass media, and particularly on the internet. Conspiracy emerged as a cultural phenomenon in the United States of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. It is worth remembering that conspiracy theorists get paid by websites according to how many viewers they attract. Websites that seem free to the user are paid for by adverts, usually quite harmless, though they may be annoying. The point is that the people who put up the individual articles get paid once the number of viewers is over a certain qualifying number. David Grimes has calculated that it takes at least three years to expose a conspiracy on the internet, depending on the number of people involved. Many conspiracies would be exposed in between three and four years. WWE Backlash Backlash was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event made by World Wrestling Entertainment, which started in 1999 and was held in April (but in 2005, it was held in May). From 2004 to 2006, only WWE Raw superstars appeared at Backlash. The 2007 event was the first WWE PPV event since Judgment Day 2003 (other than Wrestlemania, Summerslam, Royal Rumble, and Survivor Series) to feature all three brands (Raw, SmackDown! and ECW) after WWE stopped with brand-only events. The last Backlash PPV was in 2009. It was replaced by Extreme Rules in 2010. Judgment Day (2003) Judgment Day (2003) took place on May 18 2003 at the Charlotte Coliseum in Charlotte, North Carolina. It was the last pay-per-view starring both brands before WWE started having brand only PPVs. Prichard, Alabama Prichard is a city in Mobile County, Alabama, in the United States. Prattville, Alabama Prattville is a city in Autauga and Elmore counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is the county seat of Autauga County. As of the 2010 Census, the population of the city is 33,960. The city is northwest of Montgomery. Tornado. On February 17, 2008, Prattville was hit by an estimated EF3 tornado which destroyed more than 45 homes and businesses and damaged over 800. Pleasant Grove, Alabama Pleasant Grove is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 9,983. Pinson, Alabama Pinson is a city and a northeast suburb of Birmingham in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census, the population was 5,033. Pike Road, Alabama Pike Road is a town in Montgomery County, Alabama, in the United States. As of 2007, the population of the city is 4,570. Piedmont, Alabama Piedmont is a city in Calhoun and Cherokee counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. The population was 5,120 at the 2000 census. It is included in the Anniston-Oxford, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. On March 27, 1994, a F4 tornado struck here, destroying the Goshen United Methodist Church and killing 22 people including the groom's 4-year-old daughter. Pell City, Alabama Pell City is a city in St. Clair County, Alabama, United States. The city is the county seat of St. Clair County along with Ashville. At the 2020 census the population was 12,939. Pelham, Alabama Pelham is a city and suburb of Birmingham in Shelby County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 14,369, but has grown to 20,120 according to the latest Census estimate in 2006. It was named for famed American Civil War officer John Pelham. Phenix City, Alabama Phenix City is a city in Lee County and Russell County in the U.S. state of Alabama. British Rail Class 139 Class 139 is the TOPS classification for PPM60 model lightweight railcar units built by Parry People Movers for use on the national rail network in Great Britain. The class were originally built in 2008 for operation on the Stourbridge Town Branch Line. Enon Enon is an American indie rock band. They are named after Enon, a village in Ohio. Enon has three members, one man who sings and plays electric guitar and a woman who plays bass guitar and keyboard. The third member plays drums. The woman was born in Japan and lives now in America. The guitarist played before in the band Brainiac. Enon, Ohio Enon is a village in Clark County, Ohio, United States. The population was 2,638 at the 2000 census. Port Vale F.C. Port Vale Football Club are an English football club currently playing in Football League Two. They are based in Burslem, Staffordshire — one of six towns that make up the city of Stoke-on-Trent. The club's rivals in the city are Stoke City, games between the two clubs are known as the "Potteries derby". Games against Crewe Alexandra are also called a derby, although "Alex" are in south Cheshire. Port Vale are not named after a place, which is unusual for an English league clubs. The two symbols on the clubs badge are a bottle kiln and the Stafford knot. Stadiums. The Old Recreation Ground. The Rec was Port Vale's home from 1913 to 1950. The Old Recreation Ground was in Hanley and stood on what is now the car park for the Potteries Shopping Centre. Vale Park. Vale Park has been Port Vale's home ground since 1950. Vale Park has a capacity of around 22,000. Vale Park is not the oldest ground in the world, it has had several upgrades in its history. The original ground consisted of two stands (The Railway side and the Lorne Street main stand) with banks of terracing at the Bycars and Hamil ends of the ground. Stands were added behind each set of goals during the 1980s and 1990s as the ground began to be made more modern. The paddock at the front of the Railway Stand was also made into an all-seated area, with just the Lorne Street side now being left as a standing area. Vale fans stood for the last time on Lorne Street at the end of the 1997-98 season, with the stand being demolished before work began on a new £3,000,000 structure. Work has yet to been finished on this, due to low funds and a change in ownership of the club. However, once new owners V2001 had taken care of the financing, work was finally begun on finishing the second half of the stand. It is due to be completed sometime in 2008. Robbie Williams. Among the club's famous fan base is singer Robbie Williams, who was raised in Stoke-on-Trent. He is now a major shareholder, having, in February 2006, bought £240,000 worth of the £250,000 worth of available shares in the club. Castle Comfort Stairlifts, the club's sponsors, at the same time bought the remainder for £10,000. For the computer game FIFA 2000, he provided an original theme song with "It's Only Us", on the condition that Port Vale were included in the game, which they were, and are in the Rest of World section. This song was also featured on the only FIFA Soundtrack CD release by EMI. In 2005 Williams founded Los Angeles Vale F.C., a Super Metro League team in the United States, named for Port Vale and based at his L.A. home. Honours and achievements. League. Football League Division Three North: 2 Football League Division Four: 1 Cups. Staffordshire Senior Cup: 1 Anglo-Italian Cup Debenhams Cup Trophies. Football League Trophy: 2 Statistics. Highest Football League finishes. Before the War: After the War: Best Cup runs. FA Cup League Cup NG NG, Ng, or ng may mean: Mound, Minnesota Mound is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. There were about 9,435 people living in Mound as of the 2000 census. John Holmes John Curtis Holmes (August 8, 1944 – March 13, 1988) better known as John C. Holmes or Johnny Wadd was an American pornographic actor known mainly for his large penis. Holmes made about 2,500 pornographic films, most with him having sexual intercourse with women but at least one with him having sex with a man. Holmes' penis was said to be between 12.5 and 16 inches (32–41 cm) when at its largest. Fellow pornographic actor Ron Jeremy has said Holmes' penis was 11½ inches, but Holmes claimed it was 14 inches. John Holmes died of an AIDS-related illness in 1988. Bird-of-paradise The birds of paradise are songbirds of the family Paradisaeidae. They live in eastern Indonesia, Maluku, Papua New Guinea, Torres Strait Islands, and eastern Australia. Best known are the members of the genus "Paradisaea", including the type species, the greater bird-of-paradise, "Paradisaea apoda". They live in tropical forests like rainforests, swamps and moss forest. They build their nests from soft materials, such as leaves, ferns, and vine monsters, typically placed in a tree fork. These birds are best known for the remarkable plumage and behaviour of the males. They are an extreme example of how sexual selection works. Females choose males who they instinctively see are fine specimens of their species. The colours of the plumage, the construction of the nest, the song and the mating dance all play a part. In some species the pairing is monogamous, and in others the males are polygamous. If they are monogamous, the males look much like the females. If they are polygamous, the males are very much flashier than the females. In both cases, it is the female who makes the choice of partner. Hunting for plumes and habitat destruction have reduced some species to endangered status. Habitat destruction due to deforestation is now the main threat. Birds of paradise range in size from the king bird of paradise at 3 grams (1.8 oz) and 15 cm (6 in) to the black sicklebill at 110 cm (43 in) and the curl-crested manucode at 430 grams (15.2 oz). Birds of paradise have bodies which look rather like a crow. They have stout or long bills and strong feet, About two-thirds of the species are strongly sexually dimorphic. In most species, the diet is mostly fruit, but riflebirds and sicklebills also prefer insects and other arthropods. Species of birds-of-paradise. Genus "Lycocorax" Genus "Manucodia" Genus "Paradigalla" Genus "Astrapia" Genus "Parotia" Genus "Pteridophora" Genus "Lophorina" Genus "Ptiloris" Genus "Epimachus" Genus "Cicinnurus" Genus "Semioptera" Genus "Seleucidis" Genus "Paradisaea" Greater "melampitta" Formerly placed here Songbird Songbirds are the main group of birds in the order Passeriformes. They are the suborder Passeri, sometimes called 'oscines' (Latin for songbird). They are a genuine clade. There are about 4000 species of songbird. Their "syrinx" (vocal organ) is able to produce varied and beautiful singing. They are a "very" successful group of birds, in fact they are the dominant birds on Earth today. It seems songbirds evolved 50 million years ago in the part of Gondwana which later became Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and Antarctica. They then spread around the world. Song. Their song is mainly territorial: it communicates the identity and whereabouts of an individual to other birds of the same species. It also signals sexual intentions. Female preference in some populations is based on the extent of a male's song repertoire. The larger a male's repertoire, the more females a male individual attracts. Bird calls are also used for alarms and contact. They are especially important in birds that feed or migrate in flocks. Although almost all birds give calls of some sort, well-developed songs are only given by a few lines outside the songbirds. Families. Corvida. This is now known to be a paraphyletic group and so it is not used in modern systematics. Passerida. This is accepted as a clade. Passerine A passerine is a bird of the order Passeriformes, which includes more than half of all bird species. They are perching birds. Most of them are small in size, and most can sing very well. Their main suborder is the Passeri, the songbirds. Adaptations. The passerines have a number of adaptations which, taken together, have made them highly successful, with many species around the world. Evolution. Evidence on their evolution comes from comparative anatomy, the fossil record and molecular biology. It is thought that the first passerines evolved in the southern continent of Gondwana in the Palaeogene. This might have taken place around the Upper Palaeocene some 60–55 mya. The latest opinion on passerine evolution is that that passerines originated on the Australian landmass ∼47 mya. The early fossil record is poor because the first Passeriformes were on the small side, and their delicate bones did not preserve well. Two specimens from Queensland, Australia are fossil bone fragments clearly recognizable as passeriform. They are two species of about 10 and 20 cm in overall length. This proves that some 55 mya, barely into the early Eocene, early perching birds were recognizably distinct. It also suggests that the origin of this great order of birds was in the southern continent. Taxonomy. There are three sub-orders: "Acanthisitti", "Tyranni" and "Passeri". There are only two bird species in the sub-order Acanthisitti. They are known as New Zealand wrens. The sub-order Tyranni are also known as the suboscines. Many of these birds are found in tropical areas. The sub-order Passeri has the most bird species. They are also known as the oscines. Suborder Tyranni. Suboscines Suborder Passeri. Songbirds or oscines Superb lyrebird The superb lyrebird ("Menura novaehollandiae") is a pheasant-sized songbird. It is an Australian endemic species, about 100cm long. It has brown upper body plumage, grayish-brown below, rounded wings and strong legs. It is the longest and third heaviest of all songbirds. They are capable of mimicking a wide variety of sounds, including other bird's songs and man-made sounds like car alarms and chainsaws. Lyrebird A lyrebird is a ground-dwelling Australian bird. There are two species in the genus Menura. They live in forests, especially rainforests, of eastern Australia, and they were introduced to Tasmania in the 19th century. They are found in two National Forest areas of Victoria, New South Wales and southeast Queensland. Mating system. They are most notable for their superb ability to mimic natural and artificial sounds from their environment. Since they live on the ground in fairly dense undergrowth, sound is used by the males to attract attention. When a female arrives, the visual display comes into action. It is a typical "female choice" mating system, where males defend a mating territory, and sing and display to get a mate. Sound mimicry. The lyrebird's mimicked calls are learned from the local environment, including other birds. It takes young birds about a year to perfect their mimicked repertoire. The female lyrebirds of both species are also mimics, and will sing on occasion but the females do so with less skill than the males. A lyrebird classic is their imitation of human sounds in the forest such as car alarms, camera shutters and forest logging with chain-saws. Breeding. The breeding cycle of the lyrebirds is long, and lyrebirds are long-lived birds. They can live up to thirty years. They also start breeding later in life than other passerine birds. Female Superb Lyrebirds start breeding at the age of five or six, and males at the age of six to eight. Males defend territories from other males.These territories may contain the breeding places of up to eight females. In a male's territory, he makes or uses display platforms. The females each build an untidy nest, usually low to the ground in a moist gully, where each lays a single egg. She is the sole parent who incubates the egg over 50 days until it hatches, and she is also the sole carer of the lyrebird chick. Albert's lyrebird The Albert's lyrebird ("Menura alberti") is a pheasant-sized songbird, about 90 cm long, with brown upper body feathers and rich chestnut below. It is very similar with the superb lyrebird in its habits. This bird also mimics other species sounds. It is sometimes called the "Prince Albert Lyrebird" or the "Northern Lyrebird". Named after Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert, they are smaller than the Superb Lyrebirds. Albert's lyrebirds are only found in a small area of rainforest in the Lamington National Park near the border of Queensland and New South Wales. There are about 3,500 birds known to exist. There are reports of the birds in the Blackall Range, but this has not been proved. Known groups of birds live on Tamborine Mountain, Scenic Rim and the Nightcap Range. They eat small insects which they scratch up from the ground. They are a shy bird which will run or fly away if disturbed. During the breeding season in winter, from May to August, the male bird performs displays of song and dance to attract the females. The songs are copied from other birds and forest sounds. The songs can last up to four hours, with some individual songs lasting up to one hour. During his dance, the male bird raises his tail feathers up and over his body. The feathers form a lyre shape which is why they were given the name "lyrebird". It is listed as a Vulnerable species because it lives in such a limited area, it can only eat a small range of food from that area, and it is not breeding quickly. Corvida The "Corvida" were one of two "parvorders" that were inside the suborder Passeri. The term is now not used in taxonomy because it is paraphyletic. Passerida Passerida is one of two "parvorders" in the suborder Passeri. Piciformes Piciformes are order of birds contain about 67 living genera with a little over 400 species, of which the Picidae (woodpeckers and relatives) make up about half. Amost all live in woods (arboreal). In general, the Piciformes are insectivorous, though the barbets and toucans mostly eat fruit and the honeyguides are unique among birds in digesting beeswax (though insects make up most of their diet). Nearly all Piciformes have parrot-like zygodactyl feet—two toes forward and two back, an arrangement that has obvious advantages for birds that spend much of their time on tree trunks. An exception are a few species of three-toed woodpeckers. The jacamars aside, Piciformes do not have down feathers at any age, only true feathers. They range in size from the rufous piculet at 8 centimetres in length, and weighing 7 grams, to the toco toucan, at 63 centimetres long, and weighing 680 grams. All nest in cavities (holes) and have altricial young, meaning they have to look after their chicks for quite a long time. Classification. Order: PICIFORMES La Silla Observatory La Silla Observatory is an observatory in Chile with eighteen telescopes that study the stars. The observatory is one of the biggest in the Southern Hemisphere. La Silla is a 2,400 meter high mountain that is found in the far southern part of the Atacama Desert. It can be found about 160 kilometers north of La Serena, 27 kilometers south of the Las Campanas Observatory, and about 100 kilometers north of the Cerro Tololo Observatory. Crimean Astrophysical Observatory The Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (CrAO) is found in Ukraine and is an observatory. It studies the stars and has found a total of 12 minor planets to date: Freema Agyeman Freema Agyeman (born Frema Agyeman on 20 March 1979) is an English actress. She is of Ghanaian and Iranian descent. She is known by a lot of people for playing Martha Jones on the television series "Doctor Who" and also in its spin-off series "Torchwood". Missy Elliott Melissa Arnette "Missy" Elliott (born July 1, 1971) is a five-time Grammy Award-winning American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. With record sales of over seven million in the United States, she is the only female rapper to have six albums certified platinum by the RIAA, including one double platinum ("Under Construction"). Elliot has released six studio albums. Her seventh album is called Block Party. She has Graves' disease. Piombino Piombino is a town and commune in the province of Livorno (Tuscany), Italy, on the border between the Ligurian Sea and the Tyrrhenian Sea, in front of Elba Island and at the northern side of Maremma. It has an ancient historical centre, derived from the time in which it was the Etruscans' port, near the area of Populonia. In the Middle Ages, it was an important port of Pisa's Republic. Still today Piombino is one of biggest port in Italy, and is one of the most used port for to go in the Elba Island, (with the port of Livorno). Piombino outside the down town has a very big industrial area. Other. Piombino has schools, churches, banks, parks and squares. In the locality of Punta Falcone there is an astronomical observatory, built in 1976. Medals. On July 28 2000, the city of Piombino got the Gold Medal of Military Valor for the fight against nazism and fascism, before and during the World War II. Caraș-Severin County Caraş-Severin (; Serbian: Караш Северин, "Karaš Severin", ; , Bulgarian: Караш-Северин, "Karash-Severin") is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in historical region Banat. The capital of Caraş-Severin County is Reşiţa. Demographics. In 2002, about 332,000 people lived in Caraş-Severin County. Geography. Caraş-Severin County has an area of 8,514 km². It is the third biggest county in Romania, after Timiş and Suceava counties. The Danube enters Romania in Caraş-Severin County. Divisions. Caraş-Severin County has 2 municipalities, 6 towns, and 69 communes. Gold Medal of Military Valor The Gold Medal of Military Valor (Italian language: "Medaglia d'oro al Valore Militare") is an Italian medal established on 21 May 1793 by King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia. During World War I, the medal was awarded to military personnel for exceptional valor in the face of the enemy. After the World War II, the medal was gave to the cities that fought fascism and nazism during the war. Silver Medal of Military Valor The Silver Medal of Military Valor (Italian language: "Medaglia d'Argento al Valore Militare") is an Italian medal established in 1833 by King Charles Albert of Sardinia. During World War I, the medal was awarded to military personnel for exceptional valor in combat. Like the Gold Medal and the Bronze Medal, the Silver Medal was given also to citizens who fought against nazism and fascism during World War II. Bronze Medal of Military Valor The Bronze Medal of Military Valor () is an Italian medal awarded by the King of Italy. During World War I, the medal was awarded to military personnel for exceptional valor in combat. For each subsequent act of valor, the recipient was awarded a bar in the corresponding class. As the Gold medal and the Silver Medal, after the World War II, the Bronze Medal was gave to the cities that fought against the nazism and the fascism during the war. Reşiţa Reşiţa (German: "Reschitz", Hungarian: "Resicabánya", Krashovani: Решица or "Rešica", Czech: "Rešice") is a city in the western part of Romania. It is the capital of Caraş-Severin County, in the Banat region. About 84,000 people live in Reşiţa as of the year 2004. Orbetello Orbetello is a town and "commune" in the province of Grosseto (Tuscany), Italy. It is about south of Grosseto, on a lagoon, which is an important Natural Reserve. History. Orbetello was an ancient Etruscan village, which in 280 BC went under the control of the Romans, who had founded their colony of Cosa. In the Middle Ages it was controlled by the Aldobrandeschi family, who held it until the 14th century, when it was bought by the city of Orvieto. After some years, Orbetello was captured by the Sienese Republic. In the mid-16th century it was part of the Spanish puppet State of Presides, becoming its capital. Later it was under the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and, from the late 19th century, the new Kingdom of Italy. In 1927-1933, Italo Balbo's "air cruises" started from Orbetello's lagoon. Pontedera Pontedera is a small Italian industrial town in Tuscany, Italy, in the province of Pisa. Pontedera is the headquarters of the Piaggio company,from the 1930s one of most important Italian manufacturers motor vehicles such as the Vespa and the Ape. Piaggio was a subsidiary of FIAT. Today the owner of Piaggio is Roberto Colaninno. Pontedera is in the Arno valley at the confluence of the Era River and the Arno River. The Town has a small lake in Pietroconti called Braccini lake. Important places and monuments in Pontedera. Churches: Palaces: Casentino The Casentino is the valley in which the first tract of the Arno River flows till Subbiano, in the Italian region Tuscany. It is one of the four valleys in which the Province of Arezzo is divided. The valley's biggest "comuni" are all in the Arno valley: among these the biggest are Bibbiena and Poppi, while Capolona, Castel Focognano, Castel San Niccolò, Pratovecchio, Stia, Subbiano are more or less smaller. The villages on the neighbouring hills and mountains are much smaller. These are Chitignano, Chiusi della Verna, Montemignaio, Ortignano-Raggiolo and Talla. The Casentino is mentioned in the song "Ich hab in Penna einen Liebsten wohnen", from the "Italieniches Liederbuch" by Hugo Wolf. Colle di Val d'Elsa Colle di Val d'Elsa or Colle Val d'Elsa is a town and "comune" in Tuscany, Italy, in the province of Siena. It has a population of c. 20,000 inhabitants (2005). Its name in Italian means "Hill of Elsa Valley", where "Elsa" is the name of the river which crosses it. Today, Colle di Val d'Elsa is internationally renowned for the production of crystal glassware and art, largely produced in the industrial lower town. History. The area was settled by man from at least the 4th millennium BC. In 1269 it was the seat of a famous battle during the wars of Guelphs and Ghibellines and in 1479 it was attacked by Neapolitan soldiers. From the 14th century it was under the control of the city of Florence and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany until the unification of Italy in 1860. In the 20th century it became an important industrial town. During World War II it was bombed by Allied aircraft. The oldest part of the town is the "colle alta", the higher part, with a well preserved medieval center. The city is also famous as the birthplace of sculptor and architect Arnolfo di Cambio. British Rail Class 140 The British Rail Class 140 was the prototype of the Pacer diesel multiple unit. Much of the bodywork was constructed using Leyland National bus components, with the exception of the cabs, in 1980. British Rail Class 141 The British Rail Class 141 was the first production model of the Pacer diesel multiple units. They were created because then British Rail had a large shortage of trains so rather than spending lots of money on expensive proper trains, they invented the Pacer. British Leyland at the time had a surplus in the production of bus bodies so the idea was to weld the bus body from an old bus on to a freight waggon chassis. The result of this was that pacers have notoriously poor suspension and are noisier around corners due to flanging (the squeaky noise that you'll sometimes hear when travelling by train). This makes them non-ideal passenger trains so they are now being replaced (or have been replaced in the case of the class 141) by new trains. Rosignano Marittimo Rosignano Marittimo is a "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Livorno in the Italian region Tuscany. It is about 80 km southwest of Florence and about 20 km southeast of Livorno. As of 31 December 2004, it had 31,516 people. It has an area of 120.3 km². The "comune" of Rosignano Marittimo contains the "frazioni" of: Castiglioncello, Rosignano Solvay, Vada, Castelnuovo della Misericordia, Gabbro, and Nibbiaia. Rosignano Marittimo borders the following "comuni": Castellina Marittima, Cecina, Collesalvetti, Livorno, Orciano Pisano, Santa Luce. James Henry Hammond James Henry Hammond (November 15, 1807 – November 13, 1864) was from South Carolina. He served as a United States Representative from 1835 to 1836, Governor of South Carolina from 1842 to 1844, and United States Senator from 1857 to 1860. He had a son. He was also a slave owner; his plantation is in Redcliffe Park in South Carolina. The stables at Redcliffe Park were either built by him or his son. Santa Croce sull'Arno Santa Croce sull'Arno is an Italian town in the province of Pisa, Tuscany. About 13,400 people lived there as of 2005. Industry. The city is famous for the tanning industries. In 16.92 square kilometres there are about 400 factories and laboratories. British Rail Class 142 The British Rail Class 142 is a class of "Pacer" diesel multiple units used in the United Kingdom. 96 units were built by BREL in Derby between 1985 and 1987. They were a development of the earlier Class 141 which were introduced in 1984. Functional illiteracy Functional illiteracy means that a person is not able to read, write, and do math well in regular life. Someone who is fully illiterate can not read, write, or do math at all. Such people have perhaps never learnt how to read or write; perhaps they did not need to. A person who is functionally illiterate is different - at some point in their lives, these people were taught reading and writing skills. For different reasons, adults who are functionally illiterate try to avoid writing and reading as much as possible. That way, a person who is functionally illiterate may be able to write their name, but it is very difficult for them to write more than a few sentences. These people have trouble functioning in modern society: when they are confronted with printed materials they cannot perform simple tasks such as filling out a form, understanding a contract, following written instructions, reading a newspaper article, traffic signs, consulting a dictionary, or understanding a bus schedule. Because of functional illiteracy, these people also have a lot of trouble using modern communication technologies, such as a personal computer or a mobile phone. Links with poverty and crime. The people who are functionally illiterate often have other problems as well: Other people may bully them, they may have higher health risks, and stress. Because they cannot get good jobs, they often earn little money. Crime-researchers and sociologists have talked about the link between functional illiteracy and crime. How common it is. "Business" magazine estimates that 15 million functionally illiterate adults had a job in the United States at the start of the 21st century. The American Council of Life Insurers reported that 75% of the Fortune 500 companies provide some level of training to help their workers overcome this situation. All over the U.S 30 million - 14% of adults - are unable to perform simple and everyday literacy activities. The National Center for Education Statistics has more detail. This report sees three parameters: prose, document, and quantitative literacy. There are four levels for each parameter: below basic, basic, intermediate, and proficient. For prose literacy, for example, a below basic level of literacy means that a person can look at a short piece of text to get a small piece of uncomplicated information. Similarly, a person who is "below basic" in quantitative literacy might be able to add two numbers. In the US, 14% of adults are at the "below basic" level for prose literacy; 12% are at the "below basic" level for document literacy; and 22% are at that level for quantitative literacy. Only 13% of the population is proficient in these three areas. In the terms of the study, "proficient" means these people are able to compare viewpoints in two editorials. They can interpret a table about blood pressure, age, and physical activity. They can also compute and compare the cost per ounce of food items. In the UK, according to the "Daily Telegraph" (14 June 2006) "one in six British adults lacks the literacy skills of an 11-year-old". The UK government's Department for Education reported in 2006 that 47 percent of school children left school at age 16 without having achieved a basic level in functional maths, and 42 percent fail to achieve a basic level of functional English. Every year 100,000 pupils leave school functionally illiterate in the UK. Research findings. A Literacy at Work study, published by the Northeast Institute in 2001, found that business losses attributed to basic skill deficiencies run into billions of dollars a year due to low productivity, errors, and accidents attributed to functional illiteracy. Sociological research has demonstrated that countries with lower levels of functional illiteracy among their adult populations tend to be those with the highest levels of scientific literacy among the lower stratum of young people nearing the end of their formal academic studies. This correspondence suggests that a contributing factor to a society's level of civic literacy is the capacity of schools to ensure students attain the functional literacy required to comprehend the basic texts and documents associated with competent citizenship. British Rail Class 143 The British Rail Class 143 is a diesel multiple unit, part of the Pacer family of trains introduced between 1985 & 1986. They originally worked around North East England but were later transferred to Wales. The coaches are based on an Alexander bus body mounted on a chassis from a freight or Goods truck. Twenty-five units were built, numbered 143001-025 but later re-numbered 143601 - 143625. British Rail Class 144 The British Rail Class 144 "Pacer" diesel multiple units (DMUs) were built by BREL Derby from 1986-1987. A total of 23 units were built, replacing many of the earlier First-generation "Heritage" DMUs. British Rail Class 150 The British Rail Class 150 "Sprinter" diesel multiple units (DMUs) were built by BREL from 1984-87. A total of 137 units were built in three main subclasses, replacing many of the earlier first-generation "Heritage" DMUs. British Rail Class 151 The British Rail Class 151 was a prototype class of DMU built by Metro Cammell in the mid-1980s. British Rail Class 153 The British Rail Class 153 "Sprinter" is a single-car diesel multiple unit train. In the early 1990s, British Rail took the decision that running 2-car trains on rural routes was inefficient, and identified the need for single-carriage trains. Initially consideration was given to splitting the Met-Cam Class 156 units to form class 152 units, however due to various problems with the Class 155 units, the decision was taken to split these units instead. British Rail Class 155 The British Rail Class 155 "Super-Sprinter" is a diesel multiple unit. These DMUs were built by British Leyland at Workington (using Leyland National bus components) between 1987 and 1988 as part of British Rail's replacement of its ageing diesel fleet which were First-Generation. British Rail Class 156 The British Rail Class 156 "Super-Sprinter" is a diesel multiple unit (DMU). A hundred and fourteen of these units were built from 1987 to 1989 by Metro-Cammell (now owned by Alstom) at their Washwood Heath Works in Birmingham. They were built to replace elderly First Generation "Heritage" DMUs and locomotive-hauled passenger trains. British Rail Class 157 Class 157 was the designation applied to a range of Diesel multiple unit trains of the Sprinter family planned for regional use, in particular for the Strathclyde Passenger Transport Executive. As well as the class number, British Rail reserved carriage numbers in the 526xx and 576xx series for these units. As the Privatisation of British Rail began, this project became unviable as resources were concentrated on the privatisation process, leading to the famous 1064-day 'drought' of new train orders. By the time this period was over, plans had moved on and Stratchclyde ended up receiving a batch of Class 170 units. British Rail Class 158 British Rail Class 158 "Express Sprinter" is a type of diesel multiple unit (DMU) train. They were built for British Rail between 1989 and 1992 by BREL at their Derby Works. They were built to replace old DMUs and locomotive-hauled passenger trains. Class 159 trains are almost the same as Class 158s. They work many non-electrified services such as Exeter St David's To London Waterloo. They were among the last new trains in the UK to be built with the old toilet system which emptied directly onto the track. BREL also built 20 carriages to 1m gauge for export to Thailand in 1990/1. British Rail Class 159 The British Rail Class 159, known as "South Western Turbo" by Network SouthEast (but in reality a member of the Sprinter family), is a diesel multiple unit, built from 1989-93 by BREL at Derby Works. British Rail Class 165 The British Rail Class 165 "Network Turbo" diesel multiple units (DMUs) is a diesel multiple unit that were built by BREL at York Works from 1990–1992. These units are suburban trains, with an express version appearing later in the form of the Class 166 "Network Express Turbo" units. The Class 165 belongs to the Networker families of trains. British Rail Class 166 The British Rail Class 166 "Network Express Turbo" diesel multiple units (also known as just "Thames Turbos" ) were built by ABB at York Works from 1992-93. These units are the express version of the Class 165 "Network Turbo" units. They have a top speed of 90mph (suitable for mainline use), are carpeted throughout and have air-conditioning (the 165s lack the latter two features and it should be noted the 166 is similar to the Class 158 in terms of what it offers). British Rail Class 168 The Class 168 "Clubman" is a diesel multiple-unit (DMU) train used by Chiltern Railways for InterCity services between London and the Midlands. They were built in several batches from 1997 onwards. The first batch of units was classified 168/0 under TOPS and bore a large resemblance, both visually and in terms of electrical design, to the Class 165 units previously built by BREL at York. This is because they were based on plans originally drawn up by Network SouthEast and thus can be considered to be Networker Turbos. Subsequent builds, classified 168/1 and 168/2, were given the newer style cab and a new design of wiring and thus are part of the Turbostar family of trains. British Rail Class 170 The Class 170 "Turbostar" is a diesel multiple unit (DMU) built by Bombardier Transportation (previously ADtranz) at their Derby Litchurch Lane Works, England. This has become the most popular type of DMU built since the privatisation of Britain's railways, with 122 units built. British Rail Class 171 The Class 171 "Turbostar" is a type of DMU operated by Southern. The Class 171 is identical to the Class 170, except for the replacement of the BSI coupler with a Dellner coupler. This provision was made in order to allow emergency joining with Class 377 DC third-rail electric units. British Rail Class 172 The Class 172 is a diesel multiple unit (DMU) of the Turbostar family similar to the Class 168, Class 170 and Class 171. British Rail Class 175 The Class 175 "Coradia" is a model of diesel multiple unit passenger train used in the United Kingdom. They were built from 1999–2001 by Alstom at Washwood Heath in Birmingham. The fleet is currently based at Chester Depot. The fleet is used in North Wales on services from Holyhead, South Wales, normally going south or up to the North Wales Coast. Many also operate round the Manchester area. British Rail Class 180 The British Rail Class 180 Adelante is a class of 14 diesel-hydraulic multiple-unit passenger trains built by Alstom at Washwood Heath in 2000/01 for First Great Western (FGW). They are part of the Coradia 1000 family, along with the Class 175. After recurring technical problems with the trains, FGW handed them all back to leasing company Angel Trains in 2008/09. After a period in store, they were leased to Hull Trains and Grand Central, while the remaining five units returned to service with FGW. The latter five have since moved to Grand Central, whilst the four Hull Trains units have been transferred to East Midlands Railway. British Rail Class 185 The Class 185 (branded by its operators as the Pennine Class 185) is a diesel multiple-unit passenger train built by Siemens Transportation Systems in Germany for the British train operating company First TransPennine Express. British Rail Class 201 The British Rail Class 201 (or 6S) six-car diesel-electric multiple units (DEMUs) were built in 1957–1958 at Eastleigh railway works and Ashford railway works. They were built for use on the London to Hastings line. Several tunnels along the route had restricted clearance, meaning that these units were built with a narrow body profile. British Rail Class 202 The British Rail Class 202 (or 6L) diesel-electric multiple units were built from 1957 to 1958 at Eastleigh railway works and Ashford railway works. These units were built to work the London Charing Cross to Hastings services. Several tunnels along the route had restricted clearance, so these units were built with a narrow body profile. British Rail Class 203 The Class 203 was the final version of the Hastings narrow-bodied diesel multiple unit train. It was originally classified 6B. They were delivered in 1958. Their unit numbers were 1031–1037. They differed from class 202 by having a buffet car. British Rail Class 204 The British Rail Class 204 diesel multiple units were two-car versions of the Class 205 '3H' units. They were classified as 2H under the old system. Their unit numbers were in the range 1119-1122. British Rail Class 205 The British Rail Class 205 (or 3H) diesel-electric multiple units were built by BR at Eastleigh railway works from 1957–1962. Preservation. Due to a generous disposal policy by Porterbrook Leasing, nearly all of the final units in service were preserved. The only unit not preserved was no. 205012, which had poor bodywork and donated its engine to the only surviving unrefurbished Class 207 unit. British Rail Class 206 The British Rail Class 206 or 3R was a type of diesel-electric multiple unit (DEMU) first created in 1964. They were re-formed from Class 201 and Class 416 vehicles for use on Reading-Redhill-Tonbridge (North Downs Line) services. Six three-car sets were created, numbered 1201–1206. They were nicknamed 'Tadpole' units because of the contrast between the wide-bodied 416 'head' and the narrow-bodied 206 'tail'. British Rail Class 207 The British Rail Class 207 (or 3D) diesel-electric multiple units were built by BR at Eastleigh railway works in 1962. British Rail Class 210 The British Rail Class 210 was a type of diesel-electric multiple unit built in the late 1970s. The class was intended to be a modern train to replace the ageing types in use on the Southern Region of British Railways but the prototypes built did not manage to secure production for the class and they were withdrawn in the 1980s. Christopher Flavin Christopher Flavin is the President of the Worldwatch Institute, an independent research organization focused on natural resource and environmental issues, based in Washington, DC. He is also a founding member of the Board of Directors of the Business Council for Sustainable Energy] and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, the Climate Institute, and the Environmental and Energy Study Institute. His research and writing focus is international energy and climate policy. Flavin has participated in several notable international conferences, including the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and the Climate Change Conference in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997. He has testified before national and state legislatures and meets frequently with government and international leaders. Flavin is a native of Monterey, California and a cum laude graduate of Williams College, where he studied economics, biology, and environmental studies. British Rail Class 220 The Class 220 "Voyager" is a class of diesel-electric high-speed multiple-unit trains built by Bombardier Transportation for the British train operating company Virgin Trains, but are now operated by CrossCountry. They are air-conditioned throughout, with powered doors and a top speed of . They were introduced to replace the thirty-year-old High Speed Train and Class 47 fleets. The trains were built between 2000 and 2001 and the first train entered service on 5 June 2001. British Rail Class 221 The Class 221 "SuperVoyager" is a train currently used by Virgin Trains and CrossCountry in the United Kingdom. They were built by Bombardier Transportation between 2000 and 2002 for the British train operating companies Virgin CrossCountry and Virgin West Coast. The first Class 221 "SuperVoyager" entered traffic between Birmingham and Brighton on 12 April 2002. The Class 221 "SuperVoyagers" are similar to the Class 220 "Voyager" units, but they are built with a tilting mechanism offering up to six degrees of tilt to allow faster speeds on curved tracks. They have a maximum speed of . Lester Brown Lester R. Brown (born March 28, 1934) is an environmental analyst who has authored and co-authored over fifty books. His books have been translated into more than forty languages. He is the founder of the Worldwatch Institute and founder and president of the Earth Policy Institute. The recipient of twenty-five honorary degrees and a MacArthur Fellowship, Brown has been described as "one of the world's most influential thinkers." Writings. Brown has authored or coauthored 50 books. One of the world's most widely published authors, his books have appeared in some 40 languages. Among his earlier books are "Man, Land and Food", "World Without Borders", and "Building a Sustainable Society". His 1995 book "Who Will Feed China?" challenged the official view of China’s food prospect, spawning hundreds of conferences and seminars. In May 2001, he founded the Earth Policy Institute to provide a vision and a road map for achieving sustainable development. In November 2001, he published "Eco-Economy: Building an Economy for the Earth", and his most recent book is "World on the Edge: How to Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse" (2011). Awards. He is the recipient of many prizes and awards, including 25 honorary degrees, a MacArthur Fellowship, the 1987 United Nations' Environment Prize, the 1989 World Wide Fund for Nature Gold Medal, and the 1994 Blue Planet Prize for his "exceptional contributions to solving global environmental problems." More recently, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Italy, the Borgström Prize by the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, and appointed an honorary professor of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1991, the American Humanist Association named Brown the Humanist of the Year. Other websites. Books online: British Rail Class 222 The British Rail Class 222 is a diesel-electric multiple unit high-speed train capable of . Twenty-seven units have been built by Bombardier Transportation. These demu's are currently operated by East Midland Railway. British Rail Classes 251 and 261 The Blue Pullman was a class of luxury train used from 1960 to 1973 by British Railways in the United Kingdom. As opposed to the previous Pullman Car Company locomotive-hauled carriage trains, and the Brighton Belle electric multiple units, the Blue Pullmans were the first diesel-electric multiple units designed for high-speed Pullman train services incorporating several novel features. Named after their custom blue livery, the trains were conceived under the railway 1955 Modernisation Plan, to create new luxury first-class diesel express trains, to compete with the motor car and the emerging domestic air travel market. Although not entirely successful in their own right, the Blue Pullmans demonstrated the possibility of high-speed fixed-formation multiple-unit Inter City train services and inspired the later development of the InterCity 125. After their withdrawal, none of the units survived into preservation. British Rail Class 252 Class 252 was the classification allocated to the prototype High Speed Train unit, numbered 252001. British Rail Classes 253, 254 and 255 Class 253, Class 254 and Class 255 are classifications allocated to InterCity 125 high speed trains in Great Britain. Hum Ek Hain Hum Ek Hain is a Pakistani Urdu movie directed by Syed Noor which was released across theaters in Pakistan in November 2004. It stars Shaan, Saima, Shamyl Khan, Haidar Sultan. The title was meant to be "786" but the Censor Board Members did not approve of "786" so it was changed to "Hum Ek Hain". British Rail Class 313 Class 313 electric multiple units were built by BREL at York Works from 1976-77, these being the first second-generation EMUs to be constructed for British Rail. They were also the first dual-voltage units to be built, capable of drawing power via 25 kV AC overhead, or 750 V DC third-rail, and the first units in Britain to have fully automatic couplers which allowed both physical coupling and also the connection of control electric and air supplies to be carried out without the need to leave the cab. Their passenger seats were an improvement on former types. British Rail Class 300 Class 300 was allocated to a proposed fleet of parcels-carrying electric multiple units, which were to be converted from former Class 307 units. Khamosh Pani Khamosh Pani (, , ) is a 2003 French/German production about a widowed mother and her young son set in a late 1970s village in Punjab, Pakistan which is coming under radical influence. The movie was released in India too. It was shot in a village in Pakistan. British Rail Class 302 The British Rail Class 302 (pre-TOPS AM2) was a type of electric multiple unit (EMU) introduced between 1958 - 1960 for outer suburban passenger services on the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway route. This class of multiple unit was constructed using the Mark 1 bodyshell and was slam door. Gbangbatoke Gbangbatoke is a small town in southern Sierra Leone. It is in the Moyamba District. The people of Gbangbatoke are mainly from the Mende ethnic group. The Mende language is the main language. Two of Sierra Leone's important politicians, Sir Milton Margai and Sir Albert Margai were born in Gbangbatoke. British Rail Class 303 The British Rail Class 303 is a type of electric multiple unit. They are also known as "Blue Train" units. They were introduced in 1960 for the electrification of the North Clyde and the Cathcart Circle lines in Strathclyde. At first they were classified as AM3 units before the introduction of the TOPS classification system. They were the dominant EMU on the Glasgow suburban railway network for over 25 years. The final units were withdrawn from service in 2002. British Rail Class 304 The British Rail Class 304 is a type of electric multiple unit. They were built for suburban use on the first phases of the West Coast Main Line electrification between Crewe and Manchester/Liverpool/Rugby. They were at first classed as AM4 units and later became Class 304 under the TOPS numbering system. They could be found in operation over most of the southern West Coast Main Line. The units conformed to the 1959-design for alternating current (AC) electrical multiple units, and were externally very similar to the Class 305, Class 308 and the 1,200 V direct current (DC) class Class 504 units. No units survived preservation, and all units were eventually scrapped. British Rail Class 305 The British Rail Class 305 was an alternating current (AC) electric multiple unit (EMU). Under the pre-1973 British Rail numbering system, the class was known as AM5. When TOPS as introduced, the class became Class 305. British Rail Class 306 The British Rail Class 306 was a type of electric multiple unit (EMU) introduced in 1949. It consisted of 92 three-car trains which were used on newly electrified suburban lines between Shenfield and London Liverpool Street. British Rail Class 307 The British Rail Class 307 electric multiple units were built by BR at Eastleigh Works from 1954-1956. They were initially classified as AM7 before the introduction of TOPS. British Rail Class 309 The British Rail Class 309 "Clacton Express" electric multiple units (EMUs) were built by British Rail (BR) York Works from 1962-1963. They were initially classified as Class AM9 before the introduction of TOPS. These units were the first express 25 kV alternating current (AC) units to be built by British Rail, and British Rail's first EMUs to be capable of 100 mph. British Rail Class 308 The British Rail (BR) Class 308 alternating current (AC) electric multiple units (EMU) were built by BR at York, in three batches, from 1961–62. They were initially classified as AM8 units before the introduction of TOPS. British Rail Class 310 The British Rail (BR) Class 310 is a slam-door, alternating current (AC) electric multiple unit (EMU) introduced in 1966 as part of the West Coast Main Line electrification project. They were initially classified as Class AM10 units before the introduction on the TOPS classification system. Constructed at BR's Derby Carriage and Wagon Works. They consisted of four carriages - a second class driving trailer, a second class trailer, a second class motor car (with guard's/luggage compartment above which the pantograph was mounted) and a composite (1st and 2nd class) driving trailer. The maximum speed was 75 miles per hour. A glass partition behind the driver's cab enabled passengers in the leading and rear coaches to have an excellent view of the line ahead or behind. British Rail Class 311 The British Rail Class 311 alternating current (AC) electric multiple units (EMU) were built by Cravens at Sheffield in 1967. They were intended for use on the line from Glasgow Central to Gourock and Wemyss Bay, which was electrified in 1967. British Rail Class 312 The British Rail Class 312 is a type of alternating current (AC) electric multiple unit (EMU) built in 1966-1974 intended for use on outer-suburban passenger services. It was the last class of multiple unit to be constructed to the British Rail Mark 2 bodyshell, and also the last with slam doors. This latter feature contributed to their relatively early withdrawal (between 25–28 years old, compared to a life expectancy of 30 years). Ironically, the examples withdrawn by First Great Eastern and later 'one' Great Eastern between 2003 and 2004 were slightly newer than most of the carriages the operator is introducing during 2005 for use on its premier express service. British Rail Class 314 British Rail Class 314 alternating current (AC) electric multiple units (EMU) were built by BREL at York works from 1978 to 1979. They were the second variety of British Rail's then-standard 1972 design for suburban EMUs, which eventually encompassed 755 vehicles and five Classes (Class 313/314/315/507/508). Able to operate from 25 kV overhead line current collection only, the fleet worked outer-suburban services on the Strathclyde Passenger Transport rail network in Central Scotland. British Rail Class 315 British Rail Class 315 alternating current (AC) electric multiple units (EMU) were built by BREL at York works from 1980 to 1981. They were the fifth and final variety of British Rail's then-standard 1972 design for suburban EMUs, which eventually encompassed 755 vehicles and five Classes (Class 313/314/315/507/508). Like the Glasgow-based Class 314 units, they are only able to operate from 25 kV overhead line current collection. The fleet works inner-suburban services on the Great Eastern Main Line run by the train operating company TfL Rail out of London Liverpool Street. Class 315s also work services from Liverpool Street to Chingford, Enfield Town and Cheshunt operated by London Overground. British Rail Classes 316 and 457 Class 316 and Class 457 were two suggested TOPS classifications. They were given to a single electric multiple unit (EMU) at different stages of its use as a prototype for the Networker series. British Rail Class 317 The British Rail Class 317 electric multiple units were built by BREL at York Works in two batches, from 1981-82 and 1985-87. They were the first of several classes of British Rail EMU to be based on the all-steel Mark 3 bodyshell, departing from the "PEP"-aluminium design which had spawned the earlier Class 313 to Class 315. The Mark 3 bodyshell was also the basis of Class 318, Class 455, and the diesel "sprinters" pioneered by the Class 150. Nehebkau In Egyptian mythology, Nehebkau (also spelled Nehebu-Kau, and Neheb Ka) guarded the entrance to Duat, the Egyptian underworld. He was made up of Ka and Ba, the two parts of the soul. He is pictured as a snake with two heads. Atum was said to have to keep his finger on Nehebkau to keep him from being out of control. Since he was a snake, he was believed to heal those bitten by snakes and/or scorpions. British Rail Class 318 The British Rail Class 318 is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train, which operates exclusively in the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport network in West Central Scotland. The units were introduced fully on 29 September 1986 as part of the electrification of the Ayrshire Coast Line between Glasgow Central and Ayr/Ardrossan with alternating current (AC) overhead lines. Usage was extended to Largs in January 1987. They were also used on the Inverclyde Line in small numbers and on rare occasions the Cathcart Circle Lines (including to Neilston and Newton). Ka Ka is one of the five parts of the Egyptian idea of the soul. The Ka was the life force and left the body during death. Ka was believed to be in food and drink and was placed with the dead for offerings. The Egyptians believed that at death the Ba and the Ka join together through Nehebkau before entering Duat. British Rail Class 319 The British Rail Class 319 dual-voltage electric multiple units (EMU) were built by BREL York in two batches from 1987–88 and 1990. The trains were introduced for new north-south cross-London services from Bedford to Brighton, and since privatisation these services have been operated by Thameslink and First Capital Connect, the former franchise having been merged with the Great Northern section of the former WAGN franchise to form the latter train operating company at 0200 BST on 1 April 2006 as a result of re-franchising. Class 319 units have dual power pick-up, from either 25 kV alternating current (AC) overhead lines for services north of London, or 750 V direct current (DC) third rail to the south. However, some units were only used on outer suburban services in South London. The Class 325 postal units were based on the Class 319 units, with the same traction equipment and body design, but are fitted with cabs of the same design as the newer Class 365 and Class 465 "Networker" units. Since delivery of new rolling stock for Thameslink services started in 2015, a number of Class 319 units have been redeployed for use on other operators' services, including in the North West of England. In 2017, the last Thameslink units were withdrawn and were replaced by Class 700s. British Rail Class 320 The British Rail Class 320 is an alternating current (AC) electric multiple unit (EMU) train found on the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT) rail network in Central Scotland, and is used exclusively on the North Clyde Line between Helensburgh and Airdrie, North Lanarkshire via Glasgow Queen Street railway station. 2010 Service. What with the introduction of the class 380 dsiros for the Inverclyde line, the class 334s will be put to service on the Airdrie to Bathgate route, the class 320s will be split between the cathcart circle lines and the Argyll line, 14 of the 1990 built EMUs will be put to work on the Glasgow - Newton, Neilston and Cathcart Circle lines, while the remaining units shall work alongside the class 318s on the North Clyde/Argyll lines. This can not happen without, the class 320s bogies being upgraded, currently, they have a 75 mph top speed, in November 2010 the class will be driven under their own power to WABTEC Doncaster by GBRF drivers where they will be given a full refurbishment scheme which shall include new seats, toilets fitted, painting into the new scotrail saltire livery and their top speed raised to 90 mph. Ba Ba is one of the five parts of the spirit in Egyptian mythology. Ba is considered to be the soul. Ba is believed to have a unique personality based on the person who has it. The Ba was pictured as a bird that flew from the body to join with the Ka at death. A Ba was said to return to the sarcophagus if it was properly stored. In some stories, Bas sometimes act as guardians in the underworld. British Rail Class 321 The British Rail Class 321 alternating current (AC) electric multiple units (EMU) were built by BREL York in three batches from 1986–1989. The design was very successful and led to the development of the similar Class 320 and Class 322 units for use by Strathclyde PTE and Stansted Express (now used by Greater Anglia) respectively. The bodyshell design was also used for construction of the Class 456 direct current (DC) units. The Class 321s were nicknamed 'Dusty Bins', due to the class number sharing the same name as the game show 3-2-1. (This name has also been given to the diesel multiple unit (DMU) Class 153 no. 153321 for the same reason). Past operations. Class 321s were originally built for the Bedford services. However, in 1990, they started being used on Great Eastern Main Line services to Southend Victoria, Braintree and Clacton, to replace the class 302 and 305 EMUs, many of which were approaching 50 years old. Some 321s (many of the 3214s) were sent to work inter-regional services for Silverlink, and then briefly for London Midland, primarily on Euston to Northampton/Milton Keynes/Tring services. High-speed rail High-speed rail is a type of passenger rail transport that operates significantly faster than the normal rail traffic. Early Shinkansen trains had a top speed of , which is the world's first high-speed rail. Various definitions are used in different countries. According to the European Union, high-speed trains must run at least on existing lines, and at least on newly built ones. According to the United States Federal Railroad Administration, they should go above but there is no single standard, and lower speeds can be required by local constraints. As of 2020, speeds of to are common in regular operation. InterCity 125 The InterCity 125 is the brand name of British Rail's High Speed Train (HST) fleet. The InterCity 125 train is made up of two locomotives, one at each end of a fixed formation of carriages, and is capable of 125 mph in regular service. British Rail initially used the fleet on the Great Western Main Line, on the East Coast Main Line, on the Cross Country Route and latterly on the Midland Main Line, serving destinations such as London, Bristol, Edinburgh, as far south as Penzance and as far north as Aberdeen and Inverness. The InterCity 125 took the world record for the fastest diesel-powered train, when it was recorded at an absolute maximum speed of during 1987. From 2017, most have been replaced by the British Rail Class 800. Ancient Egyptian concept of the soul The ancient Egyptians believed the soul was divided into five parts Ren, Ba, Ka, Sheut, and Ib. Ib - Heart. The Egyptians believed the heart held the emotions and thoughts. Believed to be weighed on the scales of Anubis by the feather of Maat. The Ib decided what your fate would be after death. Sheut - Shadow. Believed to be the shadow of the person. The Sheut was the essence of the person and neither could the shadow exist without the person, nor could the person exist without their shadow. Ren - Name. Given at birth. A person was believed to live as long as their name lasted. Egyptians often went to great lengths to keep their names talked about and had them carved into monuments and surrounded by cartouche (magical rope). Ba - Personality and Spirit. Ba is considered the spirit. Ba is believed to have a unique personality based on the person who has it. The Ba was shown as a bird that flew from the body to unite with the Ka at death. Ka - Life Force. One of the five parts of the Egyptian idea of the soul. The Ka was thought of as the life force and left the body during death. Ka was believed to be in food and drink and was placed with the dead for offerings. Egyptian Mythology believes that at death the Ba and the Ka unite through Nehebkau before entering Duat. Purple Mountain Observatory Purple Mountain Observatory is an observatory that uses telescopes to look at the stars for new objects in space. It can be found on Purple Mountain in Nanjing, China. Many asteroids were found at the observatory. Among the asteroids found are the Trojan asteroids 2223 Sarpedon, 2260 Neoptolemus, 2363 Cebriones, 2456 Palamedes, and 3494 Purple Mountain. Anti-nuclear movement in California The 1970s proved to be a pivotal period for the anti-nuclear movement in California. There was confrontation between nuclear power advocates and environmentalists. In 1981, 1,900 activists were arrested during protests at Diablo Canyon Power Plant. In 1984, the Davis City Council declared the city to be a nuclear free zone. California has banned the approval of new nuclear reactors since the late 1970s because of concerns over waste disposal. Early conflicts. The start of the anti-nuclear movement in California was the controversy over Pacific Gas & Electric's attempt to build the nation's first nuclear power plant in Bodega Bay. This conflict began in 1958 and ended in 1964, with the forced abandonment of these plans. Subsequent plans to build a nuclear power plant in Malibu were also abandoned. Into the seventies. The anti-nuclear movement grew in California between 1964 and 1974. It was during this period that some scientists and engineers began supporting the positions of the activists. They were influenced by the non-material philosophy that had inspired activists and had impacted the public consciousness. While Californian voters failed to pass a 1972 proposal placing a 5-year moratorium on nuclear plant construction, anti-nuclear groups campaigned to stop construction of several proposed plants in the seventies, especially those located on the coast and near fault lines. These proposals included the Sundesert Nuclear Power Plant, which was never built. Over a two-week period in 1981, 1,900 activists were arrested at Diablo Canyon Power Plant. It was the largest arrest in the history of the U.S. anti-nuclear movement. In this period there were controversies within the Sierra Club about how to lead the anti-nuclear movement, and this led to a split over the Diablo Canyon plant which ended in success for the utilities. The split led to the formation of Friends of the Earth, led by David Brower. In 1979, Abalone Alliance members held a 38-day sit-in in the Californian Governor Jerry Brown's office to protest continued operation of Rancho Seco Nuclear Generating Station, which was a duplicate of the Three Mile Island facility. In 1989, Sacremento voters voted to shut down the Rancho Seco power plant. California has banned the approval of new nuclear reactors since the late 1970s because of concerns over waste disposal. Nuclear-free communities. On November 14th 1984 the Davis, California City Council declared the city to be a nuclear free zone. Another well-known nuclear-free community is Berkeley, California, whose citizens passed the Nuclear Free Berkeley Act in 1986 which allows the city to levy fines for nuclear weapons-related activity and to boycott companies involved in the United States nuclear infrastructure. British Rail Class 322 The British Rail Class 322 electric multiple units were built by BREL between 1988-90. Five 4-car units were built for the dedicated Stansted Express service from London Liverpool Street to Stansted Airport. The units are now out of service. British Rail Class 323 The British Rail Class 323 electric multiple units were built by Hunslet TPL from 1992-96. Forty-three 3-car units were built for inner-suburban services around Birmingham and Manchester. These trains were the last vehicles to be built by the struggling manufacturer Hunslet before it collapsed. Wrightwood, California Wrightwood is a census-designated place in San Bernardino County, California. About 3,800 people lived in Wrightwood as of the year 2002. Wrightwood has an area of 5.7 square miles. Slash Records Slash Records is a record label in Los Angeles. It started out producing local punk rock bands. The label was sold to London Records in 1986. John Macarthur (wool pioneer) John Macarthur (1766 – 11 April 1834) was a soldier, business man, politician and the man who started the Australian wool industry. His farmhouse, called Elizabeth Farm after his wife, is still standing in Parramatta, New South Wales, where it is open to the public as a historic house. Lachlan Macquarie Major-General Lachlan Macquaire CB (31 January 1762 – 1 July 1824) was a British military officer and the fifth Governor of New South Wales from 1810 to 1821. Macquarie had a leading role in the social, economic and architectural development of Australia. Historians say he changed New South Wales from a penal colony to a free settlement. This was very important in making the future of Australian society. Early life. Macquarie was born on the island of Ulva, in the Inner Hebrides, Scotland. His father had a small farm at Oskamull on Mull. Macquarie's brother Donald, died as a prisoner of war during the American Revolution. Macquarie joined the army, the Royal Highland Emigrants. He was sent to Nova Scotia in 1776, and later served at New York and Charleston. In 1781 he became a Lieutenant and went to Jamaica for three years. He went back to Scotland, for a few years on half pay. He then joined the 77th Regiment and went to India. Governor. He was ordered to arrest John Macarthur and George Johnston who were the leaders of the Rum Rebellion but they had already sailed to England before he got to Australia. There was a large increase in the number of convicts sent to Australia while Macquaire was governor. He used the extra convicts to build roads, building, and towns. He gave tickets of leave to well behaved convicts. This caused him problems with the free settlers, people who had not been convicts. They thought they should have special rights, and that the convicts should not be seen as their equals. They made many complaints about Macquarie's government back to their friends in England. Clashes between the settlers and the Aboriginal people increased. Macquarie believed that the best way to treat Aboriginal people was to civilise them. That meant replacing their traditional way of life with European ways. He set up a school for children but most left or went back to their families after a short time. He tried to make a small town to teach the Aborigines how to farm and build houses. He made laws to place Aborigines under British control. Macquarie resigned at the end of 1821 because of poor health and the difficulty of the job. He served longer than any other governor. When he left 265 major works had been completed, including new army barracks, three convict barracks, roads to Parramatta, a road across the Blue Mountains, stables, a hospital and five towns along the Hawkesbury River, which were out of reach of floodwaters. Return to Britain. In 1822 and 1823 Macquarie took his family on a holiday to France, Italy and Switzerland. In 1824 he went back to live in his house on Mull. In April 1824 he died in London from a bladder and kidney infection. His body was sent back to his home for burial. His grave is now looked after by the National Trust of Australia. She Wants You "She Wants You" is a single by English singer and actress Billie Piper. The single reached #3 in the UK becoming her third top three hit in a row. Track listing. CD single 1 CD single 2 Honey to the Bee "Honey to the Bee" is a single by Billie Piper released in 1999. It got to #3 in the UK singles chart. In January 2007, the song was used by Radio 1 DJ Chris Moyles as part of an experiment to test out the new British singles chart rules that came into effect that month, which prompted the song to rise up the iTunes music charts, and reached number 17 in the singles chart on 21 January 2007 and number 11 in the download chart. Track listing. CD single 1 CD single 2 British Rail Class 325 The British Rail Class 325 is a dual-voltage alternating current (AC) electric multiple unit (EMU) train used for postal train services. Their cabs look similar to the Class 365 and Class 465 "Networker" units built around the same time. The Class 325 was British Rail's newest unit to take over parcels working on electrified lines. British Rail Class 332 The British Rail Class 332 (originally Class 331) was electric multiple unit passenger trains used on the Heathrow Express. These trains went from London Paddington station to Heathrow Airport. There were 14 trains which had four or five carriages each. They were built in 1998 by CAF with traction equipment supplied by Siemens Transportation Systems at a factory in Zaragoza, Spain. British Rail Class 333 The British Rail Class 333 electric multiple units were built by CAF with traction equipment supplied by Siemens Transportation Systems and are based on the Class 332 trains. British Rail Class 334 The British Rail Class 334 is a suburban electric multiple unit built by the train maker Alstom in Birmingham. They are part of the Juniper family of trains along with Classes 458 and 460. They were built for SPT/Abellio ScotRail outer suburban services in Glasgow, UK. Their introduction saw the withdrawal of the last of Glasgow's old Class 303 "Blue Train" sets which had been in service since 1960. History. Their introduction saw the withdrawal of the last of Glasgow's old Class 303 "Blue Train" trains which had been in service since 1960. Although delivered to Strathclyde in 1999-2002, they did not enter passenger service until 2001 due to a large number of problems (like other newly delivered Juniper trains) and technical issues which plagued the new units at their introduction. SPT had ordered 38 Juniper units originally, but two were added to the order as a goodwill gesture, because of these problems. SPT purchased a total of 40 units, although only paying for 38 of the units (2 were given free, with the reason stated above) which can be seen in use daily across the SPT electric network. On the first running of the units, 334010 and 334020 ran to Gourock. Initially the units ran Ayrshire Coast Line and Inverclyde Line services but then become a common sight on the Argyle Line and North Clyde Line. In December 2010, the Class 334s operated the Ayrshire Coast Line, Inverclyde Line, North Clyde Line and Argyle Line. By June 2011 the class was substantially replaced by the Class 380 units on the Ayrshire Coast Line and Inverclyde lines, with only occasional units seen on those routes, to be refurbished. Relivery and Refurbishment. In September 2008, the Scottish Government's agency Transport Scotland announced that all "ScotRail" trains (including from the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport) would be eventually repainted in a new, blue livery with white Saltire markings on the carriage ends. Class 334 re-livery began in November 2010 in preparation for the Airdrie to Bathgate reopening. On 24 August 2011, ScotRail announced plans to refurbish all the fleet, with the project expected to start in November 2011 and take two years to complete. 334020 was the first to be properly refurbished at Kilmarnock's Brodie Rail Works. It was there for 3 months from 3 February 2012 to 2 May 2012. The last unit to receive a full refresh was 334006 which left Brodie Works on 8 November 2014. From early 2015, an extensive overhaul will be carried out by Alstom to the entire fleet to improve passenger conditions, which will include the retrofitting of full air conditioning, at-seat charging points, provision for wi-fi, and reliability improvements to the doors. Additionally, a new CCTV system for Driver Only Operation will be installed. British Rail Class 341 and 342 Class 341 and Class 342 were proposed electric multiple unit classes from the Networker series planned to operate new services on the UK rail network. British Rail Class 350 The British Rail Class 350 "Desiro" is class of electrical multiple unit built by Siemens Mobility from 2004- present. Thirty of these units, known as Class 350/1s, were built for use by Central Trains and Silverlink on regional express services and Central Citylink services on the southern section of the West Coast Main Line. A further 37 units known as Class 350/2s were delivered to the UK for London Midland. The "Desiro" family also includes units of Classes 185, 360, 444 and 450. This train is nearly identical to the 450, as it was originated from that. British Rail Class 357 The British Rail Class 357 "Electrostar" alternating current (AC) electric multiple units (EMU) were built by ADtranz, Derby (now owned by Bombardier Transportation) from 1999 to 2003 at a cost of approximately £350 million. The Electrostar family also includes Classes 375, 376, 377 and 378, and is the most numerous type of EMU built in the post-privatisation period of Britain's railways. These units were built in two batches for LTS Rail, since rebranded as c2c. British Rail Class 360 The British Rail Class 360 electric multiple units were built by Siemens in two sub-types from 2002–2005. These units are part of the Desiro family. British Rail Class 365 The British Rail Class 365 "Networker Express" are dual-voltage (25kV AC and 750V DC) electric multiple units built by ABB at York from 1994-95. These were the last units to be built at York works before it closed. All Class 365 units received front end cab modifications to equip them with cab air conditioning. Their final service was on May 15 2021. British Rail Class 370 British Rail's Class 370 tilting trains, also referred to as APT-P (meaning Advanced Passenger Train Prototype), were the pre-production Advanced Passenger Train units. Unlike the earlier experimental gas-turbine APT-E unit, these units were powered by 25kV AC overhead electrification and were used on the West Coast Main Line between London Euston and Glasgow Central. The APT-P is the most powerful domestic train to have operated in Britain, the eight traction motors fitted to the two central Motor Cars giving a total output of 8,000 hp. This enabled the train to set the UK rail speed record of 162.2 mph in December 1979, a record that stood for 23 years. British Rail Classes 371, 381 and 471 Class 371, Class 381 and Class 471 were proposed electric multiple unit classes from the Networker family intended to operate services in the south-east of England. British Rail Class 373 The British Rail Class 373 or TGV-TMST train is an electric multiple unit that operates Eurostar's high-speed rail service between Britain, France and Belgium via the Channel Tunnel. Part of the TGV family, it has a smaller cross-section to fit within the constrictive British loading gauge, was originally able to operate on the UK third rail network, and has a lot of fireproofing in case of fire in the tunnel. This is both the second-longest——and second-fastest train in regular UK passenger service. In 2015, the new Eurostar class 374 (e320’s) started being rolled out making the class 373’s going for scrap. As of 2017, 11 sets remain in service. In 1997, Great North Eastern Railway (GNER) ordered a few trains for use on the ECML and were retired in 2005. TGV hired these trains on their lines. As of 2016, all units remain in storage with no plans to return to service. These trains also ran on third rail towards London Waterloo. As of 2017, all but a few TGV TMST’s are in new Eurostar Blue livery. Accidents and incidents. Further information: TGV accidents On 5 June 2000, 373101/102 on a Paris to London service derailed on LGV Nord near Arras, France at 180 mph (290 km/h). 14 people were treated for light injuries or shock, with no serious injures or fatalities. The articulated design was credited with maintaining stability during the incident and the train stayed upright. After investigation, the incident was blamed on a component of the transmission between the motors and axles coming loose. To reduce the unsprung mass, TGV trains have the motors attached to the train rather than the bogies. In order for the train to be able to go around curves a sliding "tripod" assembly is used, which became dislodged. There have been several minor incidents. In October 1994, there were teething problems relating to the start of operations. The first preview train, carrying 400 members of the press and media, was delayed for two hours by technical issues. On 29 May 2002 a set was accidentally routed towards Victoria instead of London Waterloo, causing it to arrive 25 minutes late. The signalling error that led to the incorrect routeing was stated to have caused "no risk" as a result. During the night of 18–19 December 2009, there was heavy snow causing widespread disruption to roads, railways and airports across northern Europe. Five trains (one of which was 373217 + 373218) broke down inside the Channel Tunnel because snow in the engine compartment was melted by warmer temperatures in the tunnel, the resulting water causing electrical and control system faults. Eurostar commissioned an independent report to evaluate what went wrong and how future events could be prevented or better managed. The report's recommendations included: The majority of the recommendations were implemented by 23 October 2012. Technical details. Power. Eurostar 373211/373212 on LGV Interconnexion Est, near Chennevières-lès-Louvres, Val d'Oise, France All Class 373 sets were built as tri-voltage, able to operate on 25 kV 50 Hz AC (LGVs, Eurotunnel, High Speed 1, UK overhead electrified lines) and 3 kV DC (Belgian classic lines) using pantographs, and 750 V DC (UK third rail network) using third-rail pickup shoes. The shoes were retracted when switching to overhead power. After the opening of High Speed 1in 2007, overhead electrification is used throughout and the third rail shoes had been removed. Five of the SNCF-owned sets are quadri-voltage, able to operate from 1,500 V DC (French "lignes classiques") in the south of France, used on London–Avignon and ski services. A Class 373 passes Herne Hill; from 1994 until 2007, Eurostar ran its services to and from London Waterloo/Waterloo International, using the third rail network in Southern England The trains are powered by asynchronous traction motors. There are four powered axles in each power car and two powered axles in the outer bogie of the front passenger coach (a layout used on the original SNCF TGV Sud-Est (PSE) sets) giving 12 powered axles. Each set draws up to 16MW with 12 MW (16,000 hp) of traction power, but the lowest power-to-weight ratio in the TGV family. The class uses five different standards of overhead: domestic catenary in each of Belgium, France and the United Kingdom; fixed-height catenary on LGV lines and HS1; and taller catenary in the Channel Tunnel, designed to accommodate double-deck car-carrying trains and roll-on roll-off heavy goods vehicle trains. The driver must manually lower and then raise the pantograph during the transition between catenary systems. British Rail Class 375 The British Rail Class 375 Electrostar electric multiple unit train was built by Bombardier Transportation (previously ADtranz) at their Derby Works, from 1999 to 2005. The Electrostar family, which also includes Classes 357, 376, 377, 378, 379 and 387, is the most numerous type of EMU introduced since the privatisation of British Rail. The trains are operated by Southeastern, along with their Class 377 fleet, on regional and outer suburban services. British Rail Class 376 The Class 376 Suburban Electrostar is a model of electric multiple-unit passenger train manufactured by Bombardier Transportation. It is part of the Electrostar family, which are the most common EMUs introduced since the privatisation of British Rail. The units were ordered by Connex South Eastern, introduced by South Eastern Trains, and are now operated by Southeastern. British Rail Class 377 The Class 377 Electrostars are electric multiple units built by Bombardier Transportation (previously ADtranz) at their Derby Works, from 2001-2014. The Electrostar family, which also includes Classes 357, 375, 376, 378, 379 and 387 and is the most numerous type of EMU built in the post-privatisation period of Britain's railways. British Rail Class 378 The Class 378 Capitalstar is a type of electric multiple unit used on the London Overground network. The class is derived from the Class 376 trains currently used by Southeastern, and are also part of the Electrostar family, but featuring significant differences. Primarily, the Class 378 features fully longitudinal seating similar to that used on London Underground rolling stock, which is necessary for the high passenger volume services run on London Overground. The units were constructed by Bombardier Transportation, and were delivered in two separate batches. The Class 378/0s were delivered as 3-car units with dual-voltage capability. They were extended to 4-car units in 2009–2010. The Class 378/1s were delivered as 4-car units with third rail capability only. They are used on the East London Line and were previously used on the Watford DC Lines. In 2014–16, all units had an extra carriage added to increase capacity, making them 5-car units. During the change, extended units carried a blue square on the front and back of the train saying "5 Car Train". These were taken off after all the trains were extended. British Rail Class 380 Class 380 is the designation given to a class of electric multiple unit train that are used on the national railway network in Scotland, in the United Kingdom. British Rail Class 390 The British Class 390 "Pendolino" electric multiple unit is a tilting train built by Fiat Ferroviaria using Fiat tilt systems. Fifty-three 9-car units were built for Virgin Trains from 2001 to 2004. These trains were the last to be assembled at Alstom's Washwood Heath plant, in Birmingham, before it closed in 2005. British Rail Class 395 Class 395 is the designation of new dual-voltage EMUs being built to operate new high speed domestic services on the High Speed 1 railway line in the United Kingdom. The trains will be the fastest operating domestic service trains in Britain, running at a maximum speed of when they are introduced by operator Southeastern in 2009. Cyberman The Cybermen are a fictional race of cyborgs in the British television series "Doctor Who". They are one of the greatest and longest enemies of the Doctor. Cybermen were originally humanoids from the Earth's twin planet Mondas. The people of Mondas began to put more and more artificial metal parts into their bodies to keep themselves alive, making them cyborgs. This led to the race starting to think logically and calculating, showing no emotions. The Cybermen also turning other people into cyborgs. They were created by Dr. Kit Pedler (the unofficial scientific advisor to the programme) and Gerry Davis in 1966, first appearing in the serial, "The Tenth Planet", which was the last to feature William Hartnell as the First Doctor. They have since been in the show a lot. A parallel universe version of the Cybermen appeared in the 2006 series in the two-part story, "Rise of the Cybermen" and "The Age of Steel". They also appear in "Army Of Ghosts" and "Doomsday". They also appeared in the spin-off series "Torchwood" in the episode "Cyberwoman". They would later return to the new series in the 2008 Christmas Special "The Next Doctor", introducing two new types of cyberman; the Cyber-Shades and the Cyber-King. Physical characteristics. While the Doctor's other old enemies the Daleks did not change during the original series's twenty-six season run, the Cybermen were seen to change with almost every appearance. The Cybermen are humanoid, but have replaced their limbs and other body parts with non-living parts to the point where they don't have many flesh parts. In their first appearance in the series, the only portions of their bodies that still seemed human were their hands, but by their next appearance in "The Moonbase" (1967), their bodies were entirely covered up in their metal suits, with their hands replaced by two finger claws, but changed back to regular five finger hands in "The Invasion" (1968). As there are not many of them, the Cybermen often convert humans to cybermen. It is assumed(and often implied) that there are still human parts beneath their suits, meaning they are actually cyborgs, not robots: in "The Tenth Planet", a Cyberman tells a group of humans that "our brains are just like yours", although by the time of "Attack of the Cybermen", their brains seem to have been replaced with electronics. In "Earthshock" (1982), the actors' chins were vaguely visible through a clear perspex area on the helmet to suggest some kind of human face. In "The Tomb of the Cybermen" (1967), veins were visible through the circular head of the Cyberman Controller and in "Attack of the Cybermen" (1985) and "The Age of Steel" (2006), the Cyber-Controller's brain is visible through the dome. The first is a Mondas Cyber Controller, while the second is an alternative cyberman. However, in "Revenge of the Cybermen" (1975), the Doctor says they are "total machine creatures". Although the Cybermen often claim that they have done away with human emotion, they have exhibited emotions ranging from anger to smug satisfaction in their confrontations with the Doctor (although this is only clearly present during their appearances in the 1980s). Some Cybermen in the early stories were even given individual names such as "Krang". Some parallel Earth Cybermen did retain some memories of their pre-conversion lives, although their emotional response varied This motive behind the removal of emotions is made more clear in "The Age of Steel" where it is done by putting in things that keep them from feeling emotions. In that episode, the deactivation of their emotional inhibitors drives the converted Cybermen insane when they realise what they have become, killing them. This motive may also be applicable to Mondas Cybermen, given their forcible conversion of other lifeforms to Cybermen to maintain their numbers, despite the fact the Mondasians appear to have originally willingly converted themselves as a survival mechanism. Cybermen have a number of weaknesses over the years. Their biggest weakness is gold. It was not mentioned that they did not like gold until their attempt to destroy the planetoid Voga (the so-called "Planet of Gold") in "Revenge of the Cybermen" (1975). Initially, it was explained that, because it is very hard to grind up, gold chokes their respiratory systems. For example, the However, in later serials, gold appeared to affect them rather like silver affects werewolves, with gold coins or bullets with gold on the edge fired at them having the same effect. The revived series' Cybermen have no weakness to gold. Costume details. Nearly all the cyberman costumes were silver in colour and included items and material such as cloth, rubber diving suits, PVC, chest units, tubing, practice golf balls, cricketers' gloves, and silver-painted Doc Martens boots. A BBC Cyberman costume from the black & white era of TV has recently been discovered. They also have guns The 1980s design used converted flight suits painted silver. Unlike the Doctor's other enemies, the Cybermen have changed a lot in appearance over the years, looking more and more modern, although retaining certain commonalities of design, the most iconic being the "handle bars" attached to Cybermen heads, that were supposed to aid with their hearing, their round eyeholes and their chest units. Completely black-coloured Cybermen were seen briefly in "Attack of the Cybermen". The Cybermen returned in episodes 5 and 6 of the 2006 season of the new series, in a two-part story set on an alternate Earth. The new Cybermen were designed by production designer Edward Thomas's team and Neill Gorton at Millennium FX. The new Cyberman design is tall, in a style reminiscent of Art Deco, with their Cybus Corporation logo on their chests and made to look like burnished steel instead of silver. The other big changes in the Cyberman design is that the Cyber-Controller had glowing eyes, a transparent forehead revealing the brain, and sockets on its chest-plate providing connectors to other systems. Voice. Early Cybermen had an unsettling, sing-song voice, created by changing their voices slightly on syllables which a voice does not normally change. Their mouths opened fully and did not move when they were talking, then their mouths would shut as soon as they stopped talking. However they stopped doing this after their first few appearances. The voices for the 2006 return of the Cybermen were provided by Nicholas Briggs (who performed the voices for the Cybermen in Big Finish audio stories as well as the Daleks in both the new series and the audio stories). Shown in the season 2 DVD special feature "Confidential Cut Downs," the voice was created by processing Brigg's voice through a voice modulator. The new Cybermen have a blue light in their "mouths" which blinks in synchronisation with their speech. Cybermats. The Cybermen also use smaller, cybernetic creatures called "cybermats" to attack. In their first appearance in "The Tomb of the Cybermen", they resembled big metal fish and had segmented bodies with hair sensor probes along the base of their heads, which were topped with eyes. The Second Doctor described them as a "form of metallic life,". The second model of cybermat seen in "The Wheel in Space" was used for sabotage, able to listen to human brainwaves. They were carried to the "Wheel" in small sacs that sank through the walls of the space station, causing drops in air pressure. The third model, seen in "Revenge of the Cybermen", was a much larger, snake-like cybermat that could be remotely controlled and could inject poison into its victims. Cybermats appear in Blood of the Cybermen. They look like flat snakes, and can turn living things into Cyber-Slaves with their poison. They are remote controlled, and are of the new, 3rd race of cybermen. They are Cyber Cats and Dogs. Major appearances. Games. On the BBC website, the Cybus Cybermen appear in two online games, Cyber Assault and Save Paris, both depicting the war between the Cybermen and Preachers on the parallel Earth. The Adventure Games has an episode, Blood of the Cybermen, which feature a 3rd, new race of Cybermen. Marlborough Marlborough is a town in Wiltshire, England, United Kingdom. It is the home of a famous school, Marlborough College. Other notable schools include St. John's Academy and St. Peter's Primary School. The Dukes of Marlborough take their name from the town, but their seat in near Oxford. Anatidae The anatidae are the biological family of birds that includes the ducks, geese and swans. These birds are common and widespread, and live in or near water. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, on all the world's continents except Antarctica and on most of the world's islands and island groups. These are birds that are adapted for swimming, floating on the water surface, and in some cases diving. The family has about 146 species in 40 genera. They are usually herbivorous, and are monogamous breeders. A number of species do annual migrations. A few species have been domesticated for agriculture, and many others are hunted for food and recreation. Five species have become extinct since 1600, and others are close to extinction. Anatinae The Anatinae is a subfamily of the family Anatidae that including swans, geese and ducks. They are the dabbling ducks. They feed mainly at the surface rather than by diving. The subfamily contains only the dabbling ducks and one relative, the extinct moa-nalos, land ducks which lived on some Hawaiian islands. High-Definition Multimedia Interface The High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) is an audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed digital data. The main use of an HDMI cable is to connect components such as a DVD player to a High-definition television (HDTV). HDMI is the uncompressed, all-digital standard used for High-Definition (HD) quality for consumer electronics and PC products using a single cable. It transmits digital video, multi-channel surround sound, and control data through a single cable. It replaces up to eleven older cables with a single connection. It uses the same technology as DVI but is more commonly used, especially for consumer electronics and laptops. Oil tanker An oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker, is a ship made for the bulk transport of oil. There are two basic types of oil tankers: the crude tanker and the product tanker. Crude tankers move large quantities of unrefined crude oil from its point of extraction to refineries. Product tankers, generally much smaller, are designed to move petrochemicals from refineries to points near consuming markets. Strehaia Strehaia is a town in Mehedinţi County, Oltenia, Romania. Around 10,506 people lived in Strehaia in 2011. Heritage railway A heritage railway (United Kingdom), preserved railway (United Kingdom), or tourist railroad (United States and Canada) is a term used for a railway which is run as a tourist attraction, is usually but not always run by volunteers, and seeks to re-create railway scenes of the past. See List of heritage railways. Chessel Chessel is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is found in the district of Aigle. Duat is the Egyptian idea of the underworld (also called Akert, Amenthes, or Neter-khertet). To the Egyptians, the underworld was divided into sections filled with dangers that the Egyptian Soul had to pass through. This is the same realm that Ra was believed to pass into each night and battle Apophis. The Egyptian Underworld is described in many funerary texts that are found in tombs of mummies, believed to help guide them through death. Duat is where the famous "Weighing of the Heart" is displayed. Where the soul, shown as a heart, is weighed on the scales of Anubis against the feather of Ma'at. Ammut was believed to eat the souls of the people whose heart did not match the exact weight of Ma'at's feather. It was thought that the heart itself was then eaten by a lion. The Egyptian idea of the underworld influenced many other ideas of afterlife in other cultures. Ammit Ammit was the Egyptian idea of the punishment of the soul. The name means "devourer" or "soul-eater."Ammit was usually known as 'The Devourer of the Dead' or the 'Eater of Hearts'. Ammit was believed to eat any souls found to have sinned. They would then be digested for eternity in acid. Or, Ammit who was believed to be the guardian of a lake of fire, would place the soul into the liquid fire for all eternity. Ammit appears as mix of the crocodile, lion, and hippo. Rather than being worshipped, Ammit was feared. She was not viewed as a god, but she was viewed as a good force because she destroyed evil. Although Ammit is seen as a devouring entity, she is neutral and strictly serves at the whim of the other deities to take souls that have sinned against the gods and send them into oblivion. She was known as the crocodile goddess also known as Estriedia. Ammit was believed to be Anubis's equal but She wanted to enter the real world and devour the souls of the living. In Popular Culture. Ammit also intermittently appears as Ammit the Devourer in The Kane Chronicles. In the trilogy, it was kept at bay with Anubis. Ammit was also the antagonist of the television show Moon Knight. Ostra, Suceava Ostra is a commune found in Suceava County, Romania. Gyula, Hungary Gyula is a town in Békés county in the south-eastern part of Hungary. Twin Towns - Sister Cities. Gyula is twinned with: Bistriţa River Bistriţa River can be any of four rivers in Romania: Gadsden, Alabama Gadsden is a city and the county seat of Etowah County, northeastern Alabama, United States, about 60 miles northeast of Birmingham. Geneva, Alabama Geneva is a city in and the county seat of Geneva County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Dothan, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is also the largest city of Geneva County. Gardendale, Alabama Gardendale is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States, and a northern suburb of Birmingham. Akan, Wisconsin Akan is a town in Richland County, Wisconsin, United States. 444 people lived there as of the year 2002. Alban, Wisconsin Alban is a town in Portage County, Wisconsin, United States. 897 people lived there as of the year 2000. Guntersville, Alabama Guntersville is a city in Marshall County, Alabama, United States and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. At the 2000 census, the population of the city was 7,395. The city is the county seat of Marshall County. Guin, Alabama Guin is a city in Marion County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 2,389. On April 3, 1974, Guin was devastated by an F5 tornado during the Super Outbreak, the largest tornado outbreak on record. The death toll in Guin was 30, which, at the time, was 11% of the population. Greenville, Alabama Greenville is a city in Butler County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census, the population was 7,228. The city is the county seat of Butler County. It is called the Camellia City, the state flower of Alabama. Climate. The city of Greenville has an average high temperature of 77.30 degrees and an average low temperature of 53.80 degrees Fahrenheit. The city averages 4.80 inches of precipitation per month. Law and government. The local government of Greenville is run by the Mayor and City Council. The city council has five members. Recreation and culture. The city's residents were on the first episode of the ABC reality/game show series "My Kind of Town", on Sunday, August 14, 2005. Greenville is the location of a Robert Trent Jones-designed golf course, Cambrian Ridge. The clubhouse for the golf course is on the highest point in Butler County. Greenville is home to Sherling Lake Park and Campground which has 41 campsites and surrounds two lakes. Greenville is also the home of the Watermelon Jubilee, a local arts and crafts exposition held each year in the month of August. Every year in September, the city hosts the Butler County Fair. Also, during the fall, Greenville hosts Old Time Farm Day which features activities such as tractor races, blacksmithing and quilting demonstrations. Greensboro, Alabama Greensboro is a city in Hale County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 2,731. The city is the county seat of Hale County. It is part of the Tuscaloosa, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. Graysville, Alabama Graysville is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 2,344. Goodwater, Alabama Goodwater is a city in Coosa County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 1,633. It is part of the Alexander City Micropolitan Statistical Area. Glencoe, Alabama Glencoe is a city in Calhoun and Etowah Counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is part of the Gadsden Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2000 census the population was 5,152. Albany, Green County, Wisconsin Albany is a town in Green County, Wisconsin, United States. 775 people lived here as of the year 2000. Albany, Pepin County, Wisconsin Albany is a town in Pepin County, Wisconsin, United States. 620 people lived here as of the year 2000. Albion, Dane County, Wisconsin Albion is a town in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. 1,823 people lived there as of the year 2000. Reedy Creek Observatory Reedy Creek Observatory is an observatory for looking at Near-Earth objects. It is run by John Broughton, an Australian astronomer. It can be found on the Gold Coast, Queensland at Reedy Creek, Queensland. Prescott Observatory Prescott Observatory is an observatory that is used by Paul G. Comba. He looks at Near-Earth objects through a telescope. Many asteroids have been found at Prescott Observatory. Falconiformes The order Falconiformes is a group of about 290 species of birds that include the diurnal (active during dawn and dusk) birds of prey. All have young that remain in the nest for some time after being hatched, and are cared for by both parents. Samson, Alabama Samson is a city in Geneva County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Dothan, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2000 census the population was 2,071. Saraland, Alabama Saraland is a city in Mobile County, Alabama, in the United States. It is a suburb of Mobile, Alabama, and part of the Mobile metropolitan statistical area. As of the 2000 census, the population of the city was 12,288. Saraland is the third largest city in Mobile County. Satsuma, Alabama Satsuma is a city in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 5,687. It is a part of the Mobile metropolitan statistical area. Scottsboro, Alabama Scottsboro is a city in Jackson County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. As of the 2000 census, the population of the city is 14,762. Named for its founder Robert Scott, the city is the county seat of Jackson County. Selma, Alabama Selma is a city in and the county seat of Dallas County, Alabama, United States, located on the banks of the Alabama River. The population was 20,512 at the 2000 census. The city is best known for the Selma to Montgomery marches, three civil rights marches that began in the city. Sheffield, Alabama Sheffield is a city in Colbert County, Alabama, United States, and is included in The Shoals MSA. As of the 2000 census, the population of the city is 9,652. Sheffield is the birthplace of notable attorney, actor, former senator and presidential contender Fred Thompson. Slocomb, Alabama Slocomb is a city in Geneva County, Alabama, United States. It is part of the Dothan, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. At the 2000 census the population was 2,052. The community is named after postmaster, Frank W. Slocomb. Smiths Station, Alabama Smiths Station is a city in Lee County, Alabama, United States. It is a part of the Auburn Metropolitan Area, but is more closely tied to the Columbus, Georgia-Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. Stevenson, Alabama Stevenson is a city in Jackson County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area. As of the 2000 census, the population of the city is 1,770. Spanish Fort, Alabama Spanish Fort is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States. It is on the eastern shore of Mobile Bay. Southside, Alabama Southside is a city in Etowah county in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is part of the Gadsden Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 7,036 at the 2000 census. Sulligent, Alabama Sulligent is a city in Lamar County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2000 census, the population of the city was 2,151. Sumiton, Alabama Sumiton is a city in Jefferson and Walker Counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. At the 2000 census the population was 2,665. Sylacauga, Alabama Sylacauga is a city in Talladega County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 12,616. Sadova, Suceava Sadova is a commune found in Suceava County, Romania. Fireflight Fireflight is an American Christian rock band which originated from Eustis, Florida. The band formed in 1999. Teasc Teasc is a commune of Dolj County, Romania. 3,360 people live in Teasc. Christian rock Christian rock is a type of rock music that is performed by Christians. It often has lyrics and themes dealing with Christianity. Christian rock started as "Jesus music" and piano in church but has become a form of modern music that has become more popular. Some Christian rock bands such as Switchfoot and P.O.D. have become popular even with fans who are not Christians. Some Christians do not like the idea of this type of music and think rock in any form is a work of the Devil. Other bands in this genre include Skillet, Fireflight and Red. There are many more. Michael Howe (bushranger) Michael Howe (1787 – 21 October 1818) was a famous bushranger in Tasmania, Australia. He called himself the "Lieutenant Governor of the Woods". He kept a written record of his thoughts in a book he called "The Journal of Dreams". Early life. Howe was born in Pontefract, Yorkshire, in 1787. He joined the merchant navy at Hull. After a short while he ran away and joined the Royal Navy. He deserted (left without permission) the navy after two years. He had his own small boat and carried coal. In 1811 Howe was arrested at York and charged with highway robbery. He was sentenced to seven years in Van Diemen's Land. Convict. Howe arrived in Hobart on October on the convict ship "Indefatigable". He was sent to work for John Ingle, who had once been the Supervisor of Convicts. He was now a farmer and merchant. Howe soon escaped and went into the bush. He joined up with a large group of escaped convicts who had become bushrangers (robbers). The gang of 28 was led by John Whitehead. It included two soldiers (who had deserted) and two aboriginal women. Bushranger. The bushrangers robbed a lot of houses and farms around New Norfolk. On April 25, 1815, the gang went to the house of a Mr.Carlisle. Carlisle and his friends went out to stop the gang from stealing a boat. Carlisle was shot dead, and his neighbour, Mr.O'Birne, was badly wounded. O'Birne died a few days later. The gang returned to New Norfolk in May 1815, to rob more houses. They met a group of soldiers and John Whitehead was shot and killed. To claim a reward for killing a bushranger, the body had to be identified. To stop people from claiming a reward for their capture, Howe and Whitehead had made a promise to each other. This would be to cut the head off whoever was killed first so no one would know who it was. As soon as Whitehead was shot, his head was cut off by Howe and hidden in the bush. Leader of the bushrangers. After Whitehead's death, Howe became leader of the gang of bushrangers. He set up the gang as if they were on board a ship. Gang members could be punished if they broke the gang's rules. Punishment included having to cut and carry firewood, and even included being lashed (whipped). Howe would read to them from the Bible. He wrote letters to Governor Davey. In 1816 he signed the letters as "Lieutentant Governor of the Woods." In 1817 he began calling himself the "Governor of the Ranges." He was living with an aboriginal woman, called "Black Mary." Members of the gang were known to be James Garry, Peter Septon, George Jones, Richard Colier, John Chapman, Thomas Coyne, James Parker, Mathew Kegan, John Brown and Nenis Curry. The gang continued to rob people at Green Point, Coal River, and Bagdad. Surrender. In 1817, Howe wrote to Governor William Sorell and offered to give himself up in return for a free pardon (not be put in gaol for any crimes). He offered to tell the government where all the gang members could be found. He was put into Hobart gaol while he was being questioned about the gang. He escaped while being taken for a walk through Hobart to get fresh air. He went back and rejoined the gang. Governor Lachlan Macquarie in Sydney stopped the pardon, and told Sorell to put more effort in to capture Howe. Sorell offered money, a free pardon and a return to England for anyone that captured Howe. The gang breaks up. The hunt for the bushrangers became more organized. John Chapman and a man called Elliot were shot dead by the soldiers in 1817. A gang member called Hillier cut Peter Septon's head off to claim a reward. He also tried to cut off Richard Colier's head. Both men were hurt in the struggle. Hillier was taken to Sydney where he was executed by hanging. Colier was executed in Hobart on March 26, 1818. In April, 1818, a group of convicts tried to steal a government boat. They were going to rescue Howe and take him to America. John Brown, James Parker, Thomas Coyne and Mathew Kegan gave themselves up to the military. They were all taken to Newcastle, New South Wales where they were given the lash (whipped) and sent to gaol. Captured. In September 1818, a group came from Sydney to join in the hunt for Howe. They wanted the reward. One member of the group was the famous aboriginal tracker, Mosquito. They nearly caught him. They did get his guns and his knapsack (a backpack). In the knapsack they found his "Journal of Dreams". It was a book made from kangaroo skin and Howe had written in it using kangaroo blood as ink. In it Howe wrote about his fear of being killed by the aborigines, his dreams of his sister, and lists of vegetables and flowers he would grow in a house in the forest. As he escaped, Howe thought Black Mary was slowing him down, so he tried to shoot her. On October 10, Howe was captured by two people he knew and trusted, Watts and Drewe. He managed to untie himself and stabbed Watts and shot Drewe dead. Watts died later from the injuries. On October 21, 1818, Black Mary led another two men, a convict, Thomas Worrall, and a soldier, William Pugh, to where Howe was hiding near the Shannon River. Worrall had been a sailor who had been sent to Van Diemen's Land for his part in the naval mutiny at the Nore (mouth of the Thames) in 1797. He wanted the reward so he could be free and return to England. All the men shot at each other, but after a fierce fight, Pugh and Worrall bashed Howe to death with their muskets (guns). Howe was buried by the river, but his head was taken back to Hobart where it was put on public display. Australian first. Much of the information comes from a book by Governor Sorell's secretary, Thomas Wells. The book was called "Michael Howe, the Last and Worst of the Bushrangers of Van Diemen's Land" and printed in 1818 in Hobart. This was the first work of general literature printed in Australia. Neil Peart Neil Ellwood Peart (September 12, 1952 – January 7, 2020) was a Canadian musician. He was best known as the drummer and lyricist for the rock band Rush. He was also an author of 4 books, including "Ghost Rider", a book about his life after both his daughter and his wife died within a year of each other. He won many awards for his drumming, and was a guest star as himself in the "Aqua Teen Hunger Force" movie. Peart died from glioblastoma, which is a type of brain cancer, on January 7, 2020, in Santa Monica, California. He was 67. Communes of the Sarthe department There are 375 communes in the Sarthe "département", in France. Aigné Aigné is a commune. It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Aillières-Beauvoir Aillières-Beauvoir is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Allonnes, Sarthe Allonnes is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the north west of France. Amné Amné is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Ancinnes Ancinnes is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Arçonnay Arçonnay is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Ardenay-sur-Mérize Ardenay-sur-Mérize is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Arnage, Sarthe Arnage is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Arthezé Arthezé is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Asnières-sur-Vègre Asnières-sur-Vègre is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Assé-le-Boisne Assé-le-Boisne is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Assé-le-Riboul Assé-le-Riboul is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Aubigné-Racan Aubigné-Racan is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Auvers-le-Hamon Auvers-le-Hamon is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Auvers-sous-Montfaucon Auvers-sous-Montfaucon is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Avesnes-en-Saosnois Avesnes-en-Saosnois is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Avessé Avessé is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Avezé Avezé is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Sarthe department in west France. Avoise Avoise is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Ballon, Sarthe Ballon is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Ballon-Saint-Mars. Bazouges-sur-le-Loir Bazouges-sur-le-Loir is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Bazouges Cré sur Loir. Beaufay Beaufay is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Beaumont-Pied-de-Bœuf, Sarthe Beaumont-Pied-de-Boeuf is a commune. It is in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Beaumont-sur-Dême Beaumont-sur-Dême is a commune. It is in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Beaumont-sur-Sarthe Beaumont-sur-Sarthe is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Beillé Beillé is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Berfay Berfay is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Bernay-en-Champagne Bernay-en-Champagne is a former commune. It is in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Bernay-Neuvy-en-Champagne. Bérus Bérus is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Bessé-sur-Braye Bessé-sur-Braye is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Béthon Béthon is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Blèves Blèves is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Boëssé-le-Sec Boëssé-le-Sec is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Bonnétable Bonnétable is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Bouër Bouër is a commune. It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Bouloire Bouloire is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Bourg-le-Roi Bourg-le-Roi is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Bousse, Sarthe Bousse is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Brains-sur-Gée Brains-sur-Gée is a commune. It is in Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in west France. Brette-les-Pins Brette-les-Pins is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Briosne-lès-Sables Briosne-lès-Sables is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Brûlon Brûlon is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Cérans-Foulletourte Cérans-Foulletourte is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Chahaignes Chahaignes is a commune. It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Challes, Sarthe Challes is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Champagné Champagné is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Champfleur Champfleur is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Champrond Champrond is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Changé, Sarthe Changé is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Chantenay-Villedieu Chantenay-Villedieu is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Chassé, Sarthe Chassé is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Since 2015, it became a part of the new commune of Villeneuve-en-Perseigne. Chassillé Chassillé is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Château-du-Loir Château-du-Loir is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. On 1 October 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Montval-sur-Loir. Château-l'Hermitage Château-l'Hermitage is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Chaufour-Notre-Dame Chaufour-Notre-Dame is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Chemiré-en-Charnie Chemiré-en-Charnie is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Chemiré-le-Gaudin Chemiré-le-Gaudin is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Chenay, Sarthe Chenay is a commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Sarthe department in west France. Chenu, Sarthe Chenu is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Chérancé, Sarthe Chérancé is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Chérisay Chérisay is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Cherré, Sarthe Cherré is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Cherré-Au. Cherreau Cherreau is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Cherré-Au. Chevillé Chevillé is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Clermont-Créans Clermont-Créans is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Cogners Cogners is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Commerveil Commerveil is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Conflans-sur-Anille Conflans-sur-Anille is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Congé-sur-Orne Congé-sur-Orne is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Conlie Conlie is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Connerré Connerré is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Contilly Contilly is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Cormes Cormes is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Coudrecieux Coudrecieux is a commune; it is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Coulaines Coulaines is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Coulans-sur-Gée Coulans-sur-Gée is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Coulombiers, Sarthe Coulombiers is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune of Fresnay-sur-Sarthe. Coulongé Coulongé is a commune. It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Courcebœufs Courcebœufs is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Courcelles-la-Forêt Courcelles-la-Forêt is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Courcemont Courcemont is a commune. It is in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Courcival Courcival is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Courdemanche, Sarthe Courdemanche is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Courgains Courgains is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Courgenard Courgenard is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Courtillers Courtillers is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Crannes-en-Champagne Crannes-en-Champagne is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Cré Cré is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune of Bazouges Cré sur Loir. Crissé Crissé is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Crosmières Crosmières is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Cures, Sarthe Cures is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Dangeul Dangeul is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Degré Degré is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Dehault Dehault is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Dissay-sous-Courcillon Dissay-sous-Courcillon is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Dissé-sous-Ballon Dissé-sous-Ballon is a former commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune of Marolles-les-Braults. Dissé-sous-le-Lude Dissé-sous-le-Lude is a former commune. It is in the Pays de la Loire region in the Sarthe department. This is in the western part of France. On 1 January 2018, it became a part of the commune of Le Lude. Dollon Dollon is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Domfront-en-Champagne Domfront-en-Champagne is a commune. Location. It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Doucelles Doucelles is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Douillet Douillet is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Duneau Duneau is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Dureil Dureil is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Écommoy Écommoy is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Écorpain Écorpain is a commune. It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France. Épineu-le-Chevreuil Physical attractiveness means the different characteristics of someone's physical appearance that different people consider to be beautiful in other humans. Physical attractiveness can also include sexual attractiveness, ideas about beauty, proportions, muscular development, and appearance. Physical attractiveness means different things to different people and to different human cultures. There is no single definition of physical attractiveness. In men, physical attractiveness may include slim waist and height. Female physical attractiveness might include youth, waist-hip ratio, mid upper arm circumference, body mass proportion and facial symmetry. Souvenir A souvenir (from French, for "memory"), memento or keepsake is an object a traveler brings home for the memories created during a trip. It can be a postcard, statue, magnet or little things that represent the place. Often bought as a gift for family or friends to share the memory with them. Online gift shops. Online gift shops are websites that sell products online that will be given to other people. Panel Panel could mean: Jammu Jammu is a city in Jammu and Kashmir. It is on the banks of the Tawi River which is a tributary of the Chenab River. The Dogri language is spoken here among Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs. Jammu is called ‘city of temples’ because the Hindu temples are in huge numbers there. They also have numerous mosques such as the central Jamia Masjid. There is an archeological site called Manda in Jammu. St. Stephan's Cathedral, Passau St. Stephan's Cathedral is a baroque Cathedral. It was finished in 1688 in Passau, Germany. It is the seat of the Catholic Bishop of Passau and the main church of his diocese. Binomial expansion Binomial expansion uses an expression to make a series. It uses a bracket expression like formula_1. There are three binomial expansions. The formulas. There are basically three binomial expansion formulas: We can explain why there are such 3 formulas with a simple expansion of the product: Using Pascal's triangle. If formula_5 is an integer (formula_6), we use Pascal's triangle. To expand formula_7: So formula_14 For example: So as a rule: where formula_17 is the number at row formula_5 and position formula_19 in Pascal's triangle. Pashto language Pashto (Pushto or Pakhto) is the official language of Afghanistan. It is spoken by the Pashtuns living in Afghanistan and Pakistan. It is the provincial language in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Pashto belongs to the Indo-European languages family. It has two main dialects, western dialect and eastern dialect. The small difference between these two dialects is in the use of sounds. Shina language Shina (also known as Tshina) is a Dardic language spoken by a some people in Gilgit Baltistan of Pakistan. Boudry Department Boudry is a department or commune of Ganzourgou Province in Burkina Faso. Its capital is situated at the town of Boudry. According 1996 estimates, it has a population of 82,690. Kogho Department Boudry is a department or commune of Ganzourgou Province in Burkina Faso. Its capital is situated at the town of Kogho. According 1996 estimates, it has a population of 15,524. Méguet Department Méguet is a department or commune of Ganzourgou Province in Burkina Faso. Its capital is situated at the town of Méguet. According to 1996 estimates, it has a population of 34,668. Mogtédo Department Mogtédo is a department or commune of Ganzourgou Province in Burkina Faso. Its capital is situated at the town of Méguet. According 1996 estimates, it has a population of 44,668. Salogo Department Salogo is a department or commune of Ganzourgou Province in Burkina Faso. Its capital is the town of Salogo. According 2006 estimates, it has a population of 21,405. Leh Leh is a city in the Leh District of Ladakh. It was the capital of the Himalayan kingdom of Ladakh. Leh is at an altitude of , at a distance from the right bank of the Indus River. The town is still dominated by the now ruined Leh Palace, former home of the royal family of Ladakh. The palace resembles a mini version of the Potala Palace in Tibet. Leh and other places of Ladakh are renowned for Buddhist culture and monasteries. The wonders of this land include golden statue of Buddha, high class paintings, ancient manuscripts and the monasteries. The famous moasteries include Hemis, Aalchi, Chuglamsar, Mulbekh, Shey, Spitak, and Thiksey. The mosque of Leh was built by prince Namgyal Singe in 1594. The mosque is a fine model of Turkish and Iranian architecture. The first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, Sultan Sadruddin was a Ladakhi. His real name was Gialpo, (Prince) Renchan. He came down to Kashmir Valley in the reign of Raja Sahdev and acquired a place in the courtiers of the army Chief Ram Chandra. By and by he succeeded in rising to the throne in 1324. He married Ram Chandra's daughter Kotarani who later on proved to be a courageous and enterprising lady. King Renchan embraced Islam at the hands of a Muslim saint and preacher Abdur Rehman, Bulbul Shah and adopted the name of Sultan Saruddin for himself. He died in 1327 after ruling the country far a short period of 3 years. A Mughal chieftain Haider Douglat attempted to invade Kashmir for the first time in 1542 through Ladakh. In June 1715, two Italian priests Epo Lito and Emanuel Khariray reached Leh from Rome via Srinagar. There is a small community of Christians in Leh now. In the past, Leh has been an important centre for trade between India and the states of Turkestan. A road leads to Central Asian countries from here through the Karakoram Pass. Zam Department Zam is a department or commune of Ganzourgou Province in Burkina Faso. Its capital is situated at the town of Zam. According to 1996 estimates, it has a population of 39,259. Zorgho Department Zorgho is a department or commune of Ganzourgou Province in Burkina Faso. Its capital is situated at the town of Zorgho. According 1996 estimates, it has a population of 49,648. Srinagar Srinagar (, ) is a city in Indian occupied Jammu and Kashmir. It is on the banks of the Jhelum River, in Northern Indian occupied Kashmir. It is the largest city and the summer capital of the Indian occupied Kashmir region. Majority of the population are ethnic Kashmiris who speak the Kashmiri language ("Koshur"). They are mainly Muslim and follow Islam. Zoungou Department Zoungou is a department or commune of Ganzourgou Province in Burkina Faso. Its capital is situated at the town of Zoungou. According 1996 estimates, it has a population of 29,753. Ganzourgou Province Ganzourgou is a province of Burkina Faso. The province is divided into 8 departments: Anantnag Anantnag (Kashmiri: اننتناگ /Anaṁtnāg/, meaning abode of springs and lakes), is a city and a municipality located in the Anantnag District in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. About 180,000 people live in Anantnag. Anantnag is the third largest city of the Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir by population and largest according to area. It is also regarded as the commercial and financial capital of the Valley of Kashmir. It is the largest business and trading center of the valley. Religions of Pakistan Pakistan's official national religion is Islam, and about 97% of the people in Pakistan follow Islam. But there are people of many other religions living in Pakistan. Christianity. Christians are the largest minority group in Pakistan. They live all over the country. Pakistani Christians belong to many ethnic groups and speak many languages. There are many different churches, and many different types of churches, in most cities in Pakistan. Although Pakistani Christians do not only do one type of job, they have often done a lot of work in areas like health care, education, railways and the police force. They are also starting to do a lot of work in the civil and defence services. Hinduism. Hindus are the second biggest minority in Pakistan. These are people (and children of people) who followed the Hindu religion during the days when Pakistan and India were together. In those days, they were part of the lowest caste. They were called "untouchable," and had to do work that no one else would do. In a "caste system," there are different groups of people who are thought of as more or less important than each other. People would become a member of their caste when they were born, because their parents were part of that group. The lowest caste was thought of as the least important of all. In Pakistan today, the law says that people are not allowed to treat this group badly. But people still do treat them badly, and make them do jobs that do not pay much money. Now some of these low-caste people are going to school and getting better jobs. The Hindus of Pakistan are mostly found in Sindh, where they do a lot of farming. In the larger cities (like the city of Karachi), Hindus do a lot of buying and selling. They celebrate the Hindu holy days with all their traditional colour. Ahmadiyya. The Ahmadis follow the things Mirza Ghulam Ahmad taught at the end of the 1800s. Their doctrine (religious beliefs) is very close to Islam on most points. However, the Ahmadis do not believe that Mohammad was God's last Prophet. The Ahmadis do not call themselves non-Muslim. Only in the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan written by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto after the secession of East Pakistan they were declared non-Muslim. Ahmadis are mainly of Punjabi origin (from the Punjab area of India and Pakistan). They do all kinds of Humanitarian work not only in Pakistan, but all over the world. Zoroastrianism. The Parsis or (Zoroastrians) are a very small minority who live mostly in Pakistan's larger cities. Almost all of them work in business. Some of Pakistan's most successful shipping businessmen are Parsis. The richer members of this community are well-known for their philanthropic activities (giving money to people or organizations, with the goal of helping them or doing good). Buddhism. There are very few Buddhists in Pakistan. However, their ancestors' culture made a difference in Pakistan. Many ancient Buddhist temples, schools, and cities have been found by archaeologists in Pakistan. Creston, Iowa Creston is a city in and the county seat of Union County, Iowa, United States. The population was 7,597 at the 2000 census. Fate (opera) Fate (in Czech: "Osud"), is an opera by the Czech composer Leoš Janáček. Janáček wrote this opera between 1903 and 1905. His daughter Olga had died shortly before he began to compose it. He had also just finished his opera "Jenůfa" which has a tragic ending for the young girl in the story. The young lady who wrote the libretto (words) for Janáček had been one of his daughter’s close friends. She wrote using the name Tálská. Janáček thought the opera had autobiographical ideas. He also wanted a change from writing about simple, country people as he had done in "Jenůfa", so the people in the story of "Fate" belong to the upper classes, the rich people of society. The story of the opera is quite strange and unbelievable. It has often been criticized for not being logical. The story consists of lots of little scenes which make the story jump about. The language of the libretto is very deliberately old-fashioned. Czech people who have worked with this opera have often felt that this formal language has made it hard for audiences to understand. Some people have felt that when the opera is sung in other languages it is sometimes better because the language sounds more real. Nevertheless, although the opera has had these criticisms, the music is some of the best music that Janáček wrote. Story of the opera. The story takes place at the beginning of the 20th century, which was the time in which Janáček was composing it. In Act I Gentlemen, students and young girls are walking about in a health resort. The men are interested in a girl called Míla. Míla sees a young man called Živný in the crowd. Živný is a composer. He and Míla used to be lovers. They had a child. She tells Živný that it was her mother who made them split up so that she could marry someone rich. Her mother had made her move away from Prague to give birth to the child in the country. The two lovers now want to forget their unhappy past and live together with their little son Doubek. Act II takes place several years later. They have been living together happily. Míla’s mother lives with them but has gone mad. While the lovers read the story of an opera which seems to tell of their own lives, the mother screams and Živný tears up the music of the opera. The mother grabs her daughter and throws herself and Míla down the steep staircase. Act III takes place in a music conservatory eleven years later. Živný’s students, one of whom is their son Doubek, are singing music from an opera that Živný has composed. Živný himself is like the hero of his opera. The last part of the opera has not yet been composed. The students act out a scene from Doubek’s childhood and make fun of it. Živný talks about his opera. A storm comes up and he is killed by lightning. His opera will never be finished. Dwarf Allosaur Dwarf Allosaur is a bone from a theropod dinosaur that lived in Australia about 106 million years ago in the Cretaceous period. It may be related to "Allosaurus" but is smaller and lived 30 million years after all other allosaurs had gone extinct. As it is known only from a single bone nothing more can be said. Besides its poor fossil record, it is famous for appearing in the BBC television series Walking with Dinosaurs. Social network service A social network is a website or service where people talk to or connect with other people. A Social Network Service can connect people with the same interests (like football, schools, dogs) and friends. Most social networks will let you create a profile page with your pictures and information about yourself. Social Networking was first proposed in the early development of the World Wide Web. The most popular websites like Facebook and Twitter are helping to speed up the process of communication. Phone and mail services are slowly becoming less popular thanks to a quick and easy way of sharing messages through such networks. A social network is used for people to get to know each other more and create new friends/connections. Social networks are also used to share things with other people. Many social networks are available on phones and smartphones. Some companies are blocking access to such websites due to concerns over employees spending too much time on them. A 2011 survey found that 47% of American adults use a social networking service. Spa town A spa town, or simply spa, is a town that many people go to for health reasons. There is usually a spring there, or several springs. The water that comes from these springs is good for curing many illnesses. When people go to a spa town to get better we say that they go to "take the waters". The word "spa" comes from the Belgian town Spa. In continental Europe a spa was called a "ville d'eau" (town of water). The term "spa" is used for towns or resorts which offer hydrotherapy (making people better with water). This can include cold water or mineral water treatments and hot spring baths. List of Major League Baseball players This is a list of Major League Baseball players by last name. Vallon-Pont-d'Arc Vallon-Pont-d'Arc is a commune of the Ardèche "département" in the southern part of France. Ain Ain is a department in the east of France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It is named after the river Ain. Its prefecture is Bourg-en-Bresse. History. Ain is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Bourg-en-Bresse as is capital. It was formed with four former provinces: Bresse, Bugey, Dombes, Pays de Gex and part of the province of Franc-Lyonnais. It was divided in nine districts: Pont-de-Vaux, Bourg, Nantua, Gex, Belley, Saint-Rambert, Montluel, Trévoux and Châtillon-les-Dombes. The department was called "départment of Bresse" but in 1791 was changed to its present name: "départment de l'Ain". In 1798, Gex was separated from Ain for the creation of the old department of Léman. In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the nine districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Bourg, Belley, Nantua and Trévoux. The department of Léman was eliminated in 1814 and Gex was again part of the department of Ain. In 1815, some "communes" of Gex are passed to Switzerland and the "arrondissement" of Gex is created. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissements" of Gex and Trévoux were eliminated but in 1933 Gex was made again an "arrondissement". Geography. Ain is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It has an area of . The department borders with Switzerland and 6 other departments in 2 regions: The territory of the Ain department is formed by five regions: The lowest point of the department is on the Rhône river, high. Several rivers flow through the department; the main rivers are the Rhône, the Ain and the Saône. The largest natural lake is the Nantua lake, with an area of . Climate. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Château-Gaillard (Ain) is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Marine West Coast Climate) and of the subtype Cfb. The average amount of precipitation for the year in Château-Gaillard is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of . The average temperature for the year in Château-Gaillard is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of . Administration. Ain is managed by the "Departmental Council of Ain" in Bourg-en-Bresse. The department is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Administrative divisions. There are 4 "arrondissements" (districts), 23 "cantons" and 410 "communes" (municipalities) in Ain. The following is a list of the 23 cantons of the Ain department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015: Demographics. There is not an official demonym for the inhabitants of the Ain department; people are named after the regions: Ain had a population, in 2014, of 626,127, for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The "arrondissement" of Bourg-en-Bresse, with 354,177 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants. The "communes" in the department with more than 8,000 inhabitants are: Aisne Aisne is a department in the north of France, in the Hauts-de-France region. It is named after the Aisne river, a tributary of the Oise. Its prefecture is Laon. History. Aisne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Laon as its capital. It was formed from parts of the former provinces of Île-de-France (Laon, Soissons, Noyon,and Valois), Picardy (Thiérache Vermandois), and Champagne (Brie and Omois). It was divided into six districts: Château-Thierry, Chauny, Laon, Saint-Quentin, Soissons and Vervins. In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the six districts were changed into five "arrondissements": Château-Thierry, Laon, Saint-Quentin, Soissons and Vervins. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Château-Thierry was eliminated but in 1942 it was again made an "arrondissement". Geography. Aisne is part of the Hauts-de-France region. It has an area of . The department borders with Belgium and 6 other departments in 3 regions: The territory of the Aisne department is formed by low plateaus and small hills. The highest point in the department, and in the Hauts-de-France region, is "Le Chêne Nain" () in the Ardennes forest on the border with the Ardennes department and near the border with Belgium; it is high. The southern part of the department is the geographical region known as "la Brie poilleuse", a drier plateau known for its dairy products and Brie cheese. Several rivers flow through the department; the main rivers are the Scheldt/Escaut, the Aisne, the Marne, the Ourcq, the Vesle, the Somme, the Oise, and the Serre. Climate. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Laon is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Marine West Coast Climate) and of the subtype "Cfb". The average amount of precipitation for the year in Laon is . The month with the most precipitation on average is July with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is March with an average of . In Laon, there is an average of of snow. The month with the most snow is February, with of snow. The average temperature for the year in Laon is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of . Administration. Aisne is managed by the "Departmental Council of Aisne" in Laon. The department is part of the Hauts-de-France region. Administrative divisions. There are 5 "arrondissements" (districts), 21 "cantons" and 804 "communes" (municipalities) in Aisne. The following is a list of the 21 cantons of the Aisne department, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015: Demographics. The inhabitants of Aisne are known, in French, as "Axonais" (women: "Axonaises"), from the Celtic name of the Aisne river, "Axona". Aisne had a population, in 2014, of 539,783, for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The "arrondissement" of Laon, with 165,489 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with the most inhabitants. Evolution of the population in Aisne The 10 "communes" in the department with more inhabitants are: Allier Allier is a department in the centre of France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It is named after the river Allier, a tributary of the Loire. Its prefecture is Moulins. History. Allier is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Moulins as its capital. It was formed from most of all the former province of "Bourbonnais" (the Duchy of Bourbonnais); Saint-Amand-Montrond, in the Cher department, was the only part of the old province that was not made part of Allier. It was divided in seven districts: Cérilly, Moulins, Le Donjon, Cusset, Gannat, Montmarault and Montluçon. In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the seven districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Moulins, Gannat, Lapalisse and Montluçon. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Gannat was eliminated and in 1941 Vichy became the capital of one "arrondissement" of the department instead of Lapalisse. In 1940, during World War II, the city of Vichy was the capital of Vichy France. Geography. Allier is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It has an area of . It is long from east to west and wide from north to south. The department borders with 6 other departments in 4 regions: There are four main geographical zones in the department: The main rivers in the department are: Climate. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Nevers is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype "Cfb". There are two periods of maximum precipitation in June and October and a minimum in January and February with average of Montluçon (altitude: 207 m), in Moulins (245 m) in Vichy (251 m); and in Lapalisse (285 m). Administration. Allier is managed by the "Departmental Council of Allier" in Moulins. The department is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Administrative divisions. There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 19 "cantons" and 317 "communes" (municipalities) in Allier. The following is a list of the 19 cantons of the Allier department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015: Demographics. There is not a traditional demonym to name the inhabitants of the Allier department. Some names used are "Alliérins", "Bourbonnais", "Elavérins", or simply "habitants de l'Allier" ("inhabitants of Allier"). Of these names, the most used is "Bourbonnais" followed by "habitants de l'Allier". Allier had a population, in 2014, of 343,062, for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The "arrondissement" of Vichy, with 122,267 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants. Evolution of the population in Allier The 10 "communes" in the department with more inhabitants are: Alpes-de-Haute-Provence Alpes-de-Haute-Provence () is a department in the south of France, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its prefecture is Digne-les-Bains. Until 1970, the department was named as "Basses-Alpes". History. The department of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, with the name of "Nord-de-Provence" was one of the 83 original departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 but soon its name was changed to "Haute-Provence" and then to "Basses-Alpes". It was divided in five districts: Barcelonnette, Castellane, Digne, Forcalquier and Sisteron. with Digne as its capital. On 12 August 1793, the department of Vaucluse was created from parts of the departments of Bouches-du-Rhône, Drôme, and Basses-Alpes. Basses-Alpes lost the canton of Sault of Vaucluse. Seventeen years later, in 1810, the canton of Barcillonnette was transferred over to Hautes-Alpes. In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the five districts were changed into five "arrondissements": Barcelonnette, Castellane, Digne, Forcalquier and Sisteron. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissements" of Castellane and Sisteron were eliminated and in 1942 Castellane was made again an arrondissement of the department. During World War II, the department was occupied by the fascist Italy. The name of the capital, Digne, was changed to Digne-les-Bains in 1988 and on 13 April 1970 the department of Basses-Alpes was renamed Alpes-de-Haute-Provence. Geography. Alpes-de-Haute-Provence is part of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. It has an area of . The department is surrounded by Italy and five departments in two regions: The highest point is "Aiguille de Chambeyron" (), in the "commune" of Saint-Paul-sur-Ubaye, to the northeast of the Ubaye valley; it is . Other high mountains in the department are "Brec de Chambeyron" (), "Pics de la Font Sancte" (), "Grand Bérard", () and "Tête de Siguret" (). The main river in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence is the Durance, a tributary of the Rhône river and that flows through the west of the department. Its main tributaries are the Bléone and Verdon. The Var river flows through the eastern part of the department. Climate. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at the Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban airport is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype "Cfb". The average amount of precipitation for the year in Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of . The average temperature for the year in Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of . Administration. Alpes-de-Haute-Provence is managed by the "Departamental Council of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence" in Digne-les-Bains. The department is part of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Administrative divisions. There are 4 "arrondissements" (districts), 15 "cantons" and 198 "communes" (municipalities) in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence. The following is a list of the 15 cantons of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015: Demographics. The inhabitants of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence are known, in French, as "Bas-Alpins" (women: "Bas-Alpines"), referring to the department of "Basses-Alpes" which was the former name of the department until 13 April 1970. Alpes-de-Haute-Provence had a population, in 2014, of 161,588, for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The "arrondissement" of Forcalquier, with 88,333 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants. Evolution of the population in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence The 10 "communes" in the department with more inhabitants are: Hautes-Alpes Hautes-Alpes () is a department in southeastern France, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. It is named after the Alps mountain range and its prefecture (capital) is Gap. History. The department of the Hautes-Alpes was one of the 83 original departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with the southeastern part of the old province of the Dauphiné. It was divided in four districts: Briançon, Embrun, Gap and Serres, with Chorges as its capital but during that same year the capital was moved to Gap. In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the four districts were changed into three "arrondissements": Gap, Briançon and Embrun. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Embrun was eliminated. After the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, the department was occupied by troops from Austria and of the Kingdom of Sardinia. During World War II, the department was occupied by the fascist Italy. Geography. Hautes-Alpes is part of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. It has an area of . The department is surrounded by the Piedmont region (Italy) and four departments in two regions: Hautes-Alpes is in the Alps mountain range. The average elevation is over . The third highest commune in all of Europe is the village of Saint-Véran. Gap and Briançon are the highest prefecture and subprefecture in France. The highest point is "Barre des Écrins" (), in the "commune" of Pelvoux; it is high. The lowest point is in the valley of the Buëch river, with an altitude of . The main rivers in Hautes-Alpes are the Durance, a tributary of the Rhône river, Buëch and Drac. Climate. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Embrun is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Marine West Coast Climate) and of the subtype "Cfc". The average amount of precipitation for the year in Embrun is . The month with the most precipitation on average is May with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of . The average temperature for the year in Embrun is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of . Administration. Hautes-Alpes is managed by the "Departmental Council of Hautes-Alpes" in Gap. The department is part of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Administrative divisions. There are 2 "arrondissements" (districts), 15 "cantons" and 167 "communes" (municipalities) in Hautes-Alpes. The following is a list of the 15 cantons of the Hautes-Alpes department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015: Demographics. The inhabitants of Hautes-Alpes are known, in French, as "Haut-Alpins" (women: "Haut-Alpines"). Hautes-Alpes had a population, in 2013, of 139,883, for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The "arrondissement" of Gap, with 104,131 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants. Evolution of the population in Hautes-Alpes The "communes" in the department with more inhabitants are: Ardennes (department) Ardennes is a department in the Grand Est region of northeastern France named after the Ardennes forest. Its prefecture is the city of Charleville-Mézières. History. Ardennes is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Mézières as is capital. It was formed with the former province of Champagne, the principalities of Sedan and Argonne and other territories. It was divided in six districts: Charleville, Grandpré, Rethel, Rocroi, Sedan and Vouziers. In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the six districts were changed into five "arrondissements": Mézières, Rethel, Rocroi, Sedan and Vouziers. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissements" of Rocroi and Sedan were eliminated but in 1942 Sedan was made again an "arrondissement". The "communes" of Charleville and Mézières are joined to form the new "commune" of Charleville-Mézières; it was named the capital of the department. Geography. Ardennes is part of the Grand Est region. It has an area of . The department borders with Belgium (Namur and Luxembourg provinces) and 3 other departments in 2 regions: The highest point of the department is "Croix-Scaille" () with an altitude of high.; it is found between the French "commune" of Hautes-Rivières and the Belgian "commune" of Gedinne. The lowest point is on the Aisne river in Brienne-sur-Aisne, high. Several rivers flow through the department; the main rivers are the Meuse, in the north, and the Aisne, in the south. Climate. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Charleville-Mézières is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Marine West Coast Climate) and of the subtype "Cfb". The average amount of precipitation for the year in Charleville-Mézières is . The month with the most precipitation on average is November with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is June with an average of . The average temperature for the year in Charleville-Mézières is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of . Administration. Ardennes is managed by the "Departmental Council of Ardennes" in Charleville-Mézières. The department is part of the Grand Est region. Administrative divisions. There are 4 "arrondissements" (districts), 19 "cantons" and 452 "communes" (municipalities) in Ardennes. The following is a list of the 19 cantons of the Ardennes department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015: Demographics. The inhabitants of the Ardennes department are known, in French, as "Ardennais" (women: "Ardennaises"), Ardennes had a population, in 2014, of 279,715, for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The "arrondissement" of Charleville-Mézières, with 160,939 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants. Evolution of the population in the Ardennes The main "communes" in the department are: Gap Gap or The Gap may refer to: Heath has a gap that is as big as a cave. You can walk in and explore. Ariège (department) Ariège (; ) is a department in the region of Occitanie in southern France; it is named after the Ariège river that flows through the department. Its capital is the city of Foix but the city with the largest population is Pamiers. History. The department was inhabited in prehistoric times, as evidenced by the presence of caves with cave paintings and dolmens. In historical times it was inhabited by Basque people; they settled on the northern side of the Pyrenees and in the valleys below. In 415 it became part of the kingdom of the Visigoths, until their defeat at the hands of the king of the Franks in 507. Ariège was created in 1790 during the French Revolution, when the whole of France was divided into departments, replacing the old provinces. Ariège was created combining the counties of Foix (Languedoc) and Couserans (Gascogne). Geography. Ariège is part of the Occitanie region and has an area of . The department is surrounded by the French departments of Haute-Garonne to the west and north, Aude to the east, and Pyrénées-Orientales in the southeast, as well as Spain (Lleida) and Andorra in the south. Natural regions. There are three main natural regions in the department: The highest mountain in the department is the "Pica d'Estats" () that is high and is on the Spain-France border. Other high mountains are the "peak of Montcalm" (3,077 m) and the "Pic de Sotllo" (3,072 m). The main river is the Ariège river, a tributary of the Garonne river. Another important river is the Lèze, a tributary of the Ariège. Climate. Two main types of climate are found in Ariège: Temperatures are mild in the foothills, e.g. at the city of Foix (400 metres) the average is 5 °C in January and 19 °C in July. However, they decline rapidly with elevation, e.g. at l'Hospitalet-près-l'Andorre (1,430 m) it is 0 °C in January and 14 °C in July. Administration. The department is managed by the "Departamental Council of the Ariège" in Foix. Ariège is part of the region of Occitanie. Administrative divisions. There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 13 "cantons" and 332 "communes" (municipalities) in Ariège. The following is a list of the 13 cantons of the Ariège department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015: Demographics. The inhabitants of Ariège are known, in French, as "ariègeois" (women: "ariègeoises"). Ariège has a population, in 2014, of 152,574, for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The "arrondissement" of Pamiers, with 73,702 inhabitants, is by far the one with more inhabitants. The other two, Foix and Saint-Girons, have respectively 51,473 and 27,399 inhabitants. Evolution of the population in Ariège About 25% of the population lives in the four "communes" with 6,000 or more inhabitants. The 10 most important cities in the department are: Economy. Agriculture is an important activity in Ariege. Only a small part of its territory is used by farmers; only , 27% of its total area, are used for agriculture in the Ariege. The Ariège plain is the most fertile area of the department; here farmers grow maize, wheat, sunflower and other crops. The other natural regions are not good for agriculture and are covered with forests or are used for pastures for sheep, cattle and horses. In the Ax valleys, the mining of talc is the most typical activity. This industry is supplemented by tourism for winter sports. Hydroelectric production is about one-fifth of the production in the Pyrenees. The hydroelectric plant at Aston has the largest annual production capacity in the Pyrenees. Aube Aube is a department in northeast France named after the Aube river. The prefecture (capital) of Aube is Troyes. History. Aube is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790 with Troyes as its capital. It was divided in six districts: Nogent-sur-Seine, Arcis-sur-Aube, Bar-sur-Aube, Bar-sur-Seine, Ervy, and Troyes. In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the six districts were changed into five "arrondissements": Arcis-sur-Aube, Bar-sur-Aube, Bar-sur-Seine, Nogent-sur-Seine and Troyes. After the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815), the department was occupied by the Russian army from June 1815 to November 1818. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissements" of Arcis-sur-Aube et Bar-sur-Seine were eliminated. Geography. The Aube department is in the southwest of the Grand Est region. It is surrounded by 5 departments in 3 regions: The area of Aube is . Its highest point is in the "Bois du Mont" in the "commune" Champignol-lez-Mondeville in the southeast of the department. It is high (). The lowest point is high in the "commune" La Motte-Tilly in the west of the department. The main rivers in the department are the Seine, the Aube (tributary of the Seine), the Amance (tributary of the Armançon), and the Vanne (a tributary of the Yonne). Climate. The area around Troyes, at an altitude of about , has few extremes of temperature. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Troyes is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb". The average amount of precipitation for the year in Troyes is . The month with the most precipitation on average is November with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of . The average temperature for the year in Troyes is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of . Administration. Aube is managed by the "Departmental Council of Aube" in Troyes. The department is part of the Grand Est region. Administrative divisions. There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 17 "cantons" and 431 "communes" (municipalities) in Aube. This is a list of the 17 cantons of the Aube department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015: Demographics. People who live in Aube are called "Aubois" (women: "Auboises"). Aube had a population, in 2014, of 308,094, for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The "arrondissement" of Troyes, with 225,184 inhabitants, is the "arrondissement" with more inhabitants. Evolution of the population in Aube The "communes" with more inhabitants in the Aube department are: Aude Aude is a department in the region of Occitanie in southern France. It is named after the Aude river. The inhabitants of the Aude are known, in French, as "Audois" (women: "Audoises"). History. Aude was created in 1790 during the French Revolution, when the whole of France was divided into departments, replacing the old provinces. Aude was formed with part of the old province of Languedoc. It was divided in six districts: Castelnaudary, Carcassonne, Narbonne, Lagrasse, Limoux and Quillan, with Carcassonne as is capital. In 1800, with the creation of the "arrondissements" in France, the six districts were changed into four "arrondissements": Carcassonne, Castelnaudary, Limoux and Narbonne. On 10 September 1926, the "arrondissement" of Castelnaudary was eliminated. Early forms of habitation. A skull was found, and named "Homme de Tautavel" (Tautavel Man). It was found in a cave on the site called Caune de l'Arago, near Tautavel. The fossils are between 300.000 and 450.000 years old. There are over 80 fragments; the skull belonged to a man in his twenties. He was about 1.65 m, and weighed around 45–55 kg. Other remains are two mandibles, belonging to a woman in her fifties, and to a man, about 20 to 25 years old. It looks like they did not know how to use fire yet. It also looks like they might have been cannibals, or that they preferred to scavenge for food, rather than hunt. Some bones of rhinoceros, horses, wild sheep (called Mouflon), Tahrs (resemble wild goats), Muskox (a type of bovine), deer, and reindeer were found in the cave. There is an ongoing debate if this hominian is directly related to the Neanderthal. If they are not they would be Homines erecti (currently they are classified as H. erectus Tautavelensis). If they are direct predecessors of the Neanderthals, they would be Homo heidelbergensis. Geography. Aude has an area of . It is surrounded by the departments of Pyrénées-Orientales, Ariège, Haute-Garonne, Tarn, and Hérault, with the Gulf of Lion (Mediterranean Sea) on the east. The main river in the department is the Aude river which gives its name to the department. Other important rivers are Fresquel and Orbieu; these two rivers are tributaries of the Aude river. The highest point in the department is the Pic de Madrès (), in the French Pyrenees; it is high. Administration. The département is managed by the "Departamental Council of Aude" in Carcassonne. Aude is part of the region of Occitanie. Administrative divisions. There are 3 "arrondissements" (districts), 19 "cantons" and 436 "communes" (municipalities) in Aude. The following is a list of the 19 cantons of the Aude department (with their INSEE codes), following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015: Demographics. The Aude department has a population, in 2014, of 365,478, for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The "arrondissement" of Carcassonne, with 161,442 inhabitants, is by far the largest. The other two "arrondissements", Limoux and Narbonne, have respectively 44,467 and 159,569 inhabitants. Evolution of the population in Aude The main cities in the department are: Tautavel man Tautavel man is the name of an extinct hominian. They lived about 300.000-450.000 years ago., It is named after fossils found in a cave on the site named Caune de l'Arago, near Tautavel, France. The first fossils were found there in 1971. The fossils date from between 300.000 and 450.000 years ago. They consist of over 80 fragments; the skull found (pictured) belonged to a man in his twenties. He was about 1.65 m, and weighted around 45–55 kg. Other remains are two mandibles, belonging to a woman in her fifties, and to a man, about 20–25 years old. It looks like they did not know how to use fire yet. It also looks like they might have been cannibals, or that they preferred to scavenge for food, rather than hunt. Bones of rhinoceros, horses, wild sheep (called Mouflon), Tahrs (resemble wild goats), Muskox (some kind of bovine), deer, and reindeer have been found in the cave. There is an ongoing debate if this hominid is directly related to the Neanderthal. If they are not, they would be Homines erecti. If they are direct predecessors of the Neanderthals, they would be Homo heidelbergensis. It has been proposed to classify them as "Homo erectus Tautavelensis". Baseball glove A baseball glove, or mitt, is a leather glove that baseball players use to catch a baseball that are hit by a batter or thrown by a fielder. History. Catcher Doug Allison in 1870 was the first ever to wear baseball gloves. Doug's hands were split and cracked open from catching in other games earlier in the week. He chose to wear something that would protect his hands so that they wouldn't be damaged more, so he wore baseball gloves, but he was laughed at and mocked by his teammates. Five years later in 1875, Charlie Waitt, a St. Louis outfielder and first baseman who in 1875 used a pair of flesh-colored gloves, but he was also laughed by his teammates. Although baseball gloves were not used very much at first when they were first made, more and more baseball players started to use baseball gloves over time, probably when baseball star Albert Spalding began playing first base with a baseball glove. When he started to wear them, more infielders started to use gloves also because he was famous. Before the mid 1890s, baseball gloves were worn normally by baseball players. Soon, all baseball players started to wear baseball gloves. In , Bill Doak, a pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals, suggested that a web be placed between the first finger and the thumb in order to create a pocket. This design soon became added to baseball gloves and webbed gloves were starting to be used by all baseball players. Since the baseball glove was invented, they have grown to what they look like today. While catching in baseball was two handed, gloves grew to a size that made it easier to catch the ball in the webbing of the glove, and use the off-hand to keep it from falling out. A glove is worn on the non-dominant hand, leaving the dominant hand for throwing the ball; for example, a right-handed player would wear a glove on the left hand. By convention, the type of glove that fits on the left hand is called a "right-handed" or "RH" glove. The shape and size of the baseball glove is decided by official baseball rules; Section 1.00, Objectives of the Game, defines limits of catcher's, first baseman's and fielder's glove in parts 1.12, 1.13 and 1.14. Product (chemistry) A product is the result of a chemical reaction. An example: H+ + H2O -> H3O+ <br> where H3O+ is the product Cy Young Award In baseball, the Cy Young Award is an honor given to the best pitcher in the Major League Baseball. The award was first introduced in 1956 by Commissioner Ford Frick in honor of Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young, who died in 1955. The award was given to the best pitcher in the major leagues. In 1967, the year after Frick retired as Commissioner, the practice began of honoring one pitcher in each league, the American League, and the National League. The 2021 American League Cy Young Award winner was Robby Ray of the Toronto Blue Jays, and the 2021 National League Cy Young Award winner was of the Milwaukee Brewers. Each league's award is voted on by two members of the Baseball Writers Association of America in each league city, meaning 28 ballots are cast for the American League winner, and 32 for the National League. Each places a vote for first, second, and third place among the pitchers of each league. The formula used to calculate the final scores is a weighted sum of the votes: Score = 5F + 3S + T, where "F" is the number of first place votes, "S" is second place votes, and "T" is third place votes. The pitcher with the highest score in each league wins the award. If two pitchers receive the same number of votes, the award is shared between the two. The current formula started with the 1970 season. Prior to that, writers only voted for the best pitcher and used a formula of one point per vote. Joseph Chamberlain Joseph Chamberlain (8 July 1836 – 2 July 1914), was an important businessman and a politician. He worked to improve education, and cities. He was a Member of Parliament from 1876 to 1914, and Colonial Secretary (controlling British colonies) from 1895 to 1903. His son Austen won the Nobel Peace Prize and another son Neville was Prime Minister from 1937 to 1940. Early life. Chamberlain was born in Camberwell in London. His father had a successful shoe company. Joseph was a good student, and won prizes at school in French and mathematics. He left school when he was 16 years old, and became an apprentice in his father's company. When he was 18, he moved to Birmingham to work in his uncle's screw company. He worked for the company until he was 38, and the company became very successful. Early political life. Chamberlain was a Unitarian, a Christian who believes Christ was an example of the way to live life, but was not divine (not a part of God). Unitarians try to work to help society. There were many problems in Birmingham after the industrial revolution, and many men were not allowed to vote. In 1868 Chamberlain helped a liberal man to become the Member of Parliament for Birmingham. In 1869, he started a group working for free primary education for all children. In November 1869, he became a member of Birmingham City Council. There he worked for cheaper land prices for rural (countryside) workers, and became very popular. In 1873 he became the Mayor of Birmingham. He bought the gas companies and water companies for the city, so people were able to have clean and safe water. He made parks, roads, schools museums and built new houses for poor people. In June 1876 he became the Member of Parliament (MP) for Birmingham. In parliament he worked to unite radical M.P.s (MPs that wanted change) against the Whig party who were in power. His work helped William Ewart Gladstone to become Prime Minister in 1880. Chamberlain often spoke about education in parliament. Government life. In 1880, Chamberlain became the President of the Board of Trade, the government minister working to improve trade. He made laws to help other cities to buy private companies, as he had done in Birmingham. He worked to make rents cheaper in Ireland, which was a British colony. At that time, many people believed that Ireland should have its own parliament, but many other people, including Chamberlain strongly disagreed. Chamberlain worked to help trade unions, but warned against socialism, saying that it would bring class war. In 1885, Lord Salisbury, a conservative, became prime minister, and Chamberlain was no longer in government. The Conservative government made many changes that pleased Chamberlain, including free education for all children. Because Chamberlain and many other liberals disagreed with the Liberal Party about Ireland, Chamberlain made a new party, the Liberal Unionists. The Liberal Unionists shared power with the Conservatives against the Liberal party from 1886, but Chamberlain was not in the government. Colonial Secretary. In June 1895, Chamberlain became Colonial Secretary of the government, controlling what happened in British Colonies. Because many European countries, especially Germany and France were growing stronger, Chamberlain wanted all countries in the British Empire to work together. He also wanted Britain to take more land in Africa. He built a railway along a part of the river Niger to help the British Royal Niger Company to grow. This land, together with the area Sokoto, became modern Nigeria in 1901. Chamberlain also wanted Britain to control South Africa. He asked for more British soldiers in South Africa. He asked many British colonies to help, and in return helped Australia to get its own constitution. The Boers (Dutch farmers) did not want Britain to control their land, and in 1899 they attacked the British. This was the start of the Second Boer War. At first, Britain had problems fighting the Boers, but in 1900 the British became stronger. In Autumn 1900, Britain had a General Election. Chamberlain asked people to vote for (choose) the same government (with Prime Minister Salisbury) to help win the war. Because Chamberlain was very popular, many people voted for the government, and they stayed in control. Chamberlain helped Winston Churchill to become a Member of Parliament. In May 1902, Britain won the Second Boer War. Chamberlain visited South Africa to try to help make a better relationship between the two countries. Back in Britain, he also spoke to Zionist Jews (Jews who wanted their own country) and spoke about giving land in Kenya to them. This plan was never realised. Chamberlain tried to make an alliance with Germany, but when this did not work he made an alliance between France and Britain. This was called the Entente cordiale, and ended hundreds of years of fighting between the two countries. Later life. Chamberlain believed that the countries in the British Empire should do business with each other to become strong. To do this, Britain needed to tax imports (goods from other countries). This was called Tariff Reform. The government disagreed, so Chamberlain resigned from (quit) the government. He worked with other MPs to ask for Tariff Reform. In 1906, just after his 70th birthday, Chamberlain had a stroke that made him very sick. He could not work hard, so his son, Austen Chamberlain (who was also an MP) helped him with his work. He died of a heart attack on the 2nd July 1914. Memorials. The city of Birmingham changed a lot because of Chamberlain's work. There are many places in Birmingham that have Chamberlain's name. Birmingham University, which he helped to start, has a clock tower with his name. Chamberlain Square in the centre of Birmingham also has a memorial for him. Pendulum A pendulum is a mass (any object usually metal) on an arm. The arm is attached to a "pivot", which is a point to swing from. The mass will naturally hang down because of gravity, but if it is pushed to one side it will "oscillate", which means that it will swing from side to side. The frequency of the swinging pendulum stays the same. We can work out the time taken for one full oscillation (for example, swinging from left to right and back to left). We shall call this time formula_1 the period. If the pendulum length is formula_2, and the acceleration due to gravity is formula_3, then: formula_4 where π (a Greek letter pronounced 'pi') is a mathematical constant. This equation gives a good approximation for the period when the mass does not swing far from the middle. The period of a pendulum does not depend on the mass of the object. The mechanical energy of a pendulum is constant and is the sum of the kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy. The regular motion of the pendulum can be used for timekeeping, and pendulums are used to regulate pendulum clocks. Finnix Finnix is a Debian based Live CD Linux distribution, developed by Ryan Finnie and intended for system administrators for tasks such as filesystem recovery, network monitoring and OS installation. Finnix is a small Linux Distribution, with an ISO download size of approximately 100 MiB. History. Finnix was created in 1999, making it one of the oldest Linux distributions with the intent of being run completely from a bootable CD (the other Live CD around at the time was the Linuxcare Bootable Business Card CD, first released in 1999). Finnix 0.01 was based on Red Hat Linux 6.1, and was created to help with administration and recovery of other Linux workstations around Finnie's office.. On 23 October 2005, Finnix 86.0 was released. Earlier unreleased versions (84, and 85.0 through 85.3) were "Knoppix remasters", with support for Linux LVM and dm-crypt being the main reason for creation. However, 86.0 was a departure from Knoppix, and was derived directly from the Debian "testing" tree. Usage. Finnix is released as a small bootable CD ISO. A user can download the ISO, burn the image to CD, and boot into a text mode Linux environment. Finnix requires at least 32MiB RAM to run properly, but can use more if present. Most hardware devices are detected and dealt with automatically, such as hard drives, network cards and USB devices. A user can modify files nearly anywhere on the running CD via UnionFS, a filesystem that can stack a read-write filesystem (in this case, a dynamic ramdisk) on top of a read-only filesystem (the CD media). Any changes made during the Finnix session are transparently written to RAM and discarded upon shutdown. In addition, Finnix uses SquashFS to keep distribution size low. Finnix can be run completely within RAM, provided the system has at least 192 MiB RAM available. Notes: Mandible The mandible is a bone found in all jawed vertebrates. The name comes from Latin "mandibula". In bony fish the lower jaw is made of a number of bones, but these were gradually reduced in evolution. In humans and other mammals the mandible is simply the jawbone or dentary, which is the largest and strongest bone of the face. In mammals bones formerly in the lower jaw have become the ear ossicles. Homo heidelbergensis Homo heidelbergensis ("Heidelberg Man") is the name given to a number of human fossil remains that are older than fossils of Neanderthals. "Homo heidelbergensis" is abbreviated H. heidelbergensis. Scientists are not sure whether these remains are from a distinct species. They are fragments (small pieces of bones), and most cannot be dated exactly. In the older texts they were simply called archaic humans or "early "Homo sapiens."" There have been relatively well-defined remains of "Homo erectus" found in Africa from very early in human history. There have also been well-defined remains of "Homo neanderthalensis" found in Europe from later in history. Some scholars use the terms "archaic humans," "early "Homo sapiens,"" or "Homo heidelbergensis" to describe remains that seem to come from between these two periods in history. Some authors use it for all early species of "Homo", including Neanderthals. Discovery. In 1907, an archaeologist found a fossil of a lower jaw in Mauer, near Heidelberg, Germany. Some scientists thought this lower jaw was so different from any other species that it belonged to an undiscovered species. They named this species "Homo heidelbergensis". Later, archaeologists found remains in Arago, France, and Petralona, Greece, that they said were from "Homo heidelbergensis". The best evidence found for these hominids is from between 600,000 and 400,000 years ago. The stone tools used by "H. heidelbergensis" were very similar to the Acheulean tools used by "Homo erectus". "Homo heidelbergensis" may be the direct ancestor of both "Homo neanderthalensis" in Europe and "Homo sapiens". Some experts believe that "Rhodesian Man," found in Africa, belongs to the group "Homo heidelbergensis". Interpretations. "Homo antecessor" and "H. heidelbergensis" may have had the same ancestor: "Homo ergaster" from Africa. Mostly, "H. ergaster" was not very different from "H. heidelbergensis". However, "H. heidelbergensis" had a larger brain-case. On average, their skulls had a volume of 1100 – 1400 cm³ of space inside. (The average modern human has 1350 cm³ of space inside his or her skull.) "H. heidelbergensis" also had more advanced tools and behavior than "H. ergaster". For these reasons, H. heidelbergensis has been classified as a separate species. "H. heidelbergensis" was taller and more muscular than modern humans. Male "heidelbergensis" averaged about tall and . Females averaged and . They were good hunters. Cut marks on wild deer, elephants, rhinos, and horses show that "H. heidelbergensis" hunted, killed, and butchered these animals. Some of these animals weighed as much as 700 kg (1,500 lb) or more. During this era, now-extinct wild animals like mammoths, European lions, and Irish elk lived on the European continent. They may have buried their dead. Recent findings in Atapuerca suggest that "H. heidelbergensis" may have been the first species of the "Homo" genus to bury their dead. However, scientists still argue over whether this is true. Some experts believe that "H. heidelbergensis", like its descendant "H. neanderthalensis," learned a primitive form of language. Scientists have not found any forms of art or sophisticated artifacts made by "H. heidelbergensis", other than stone tools. However, archaeologists have found red ochre, a mineral that can be used to create a red pigment which can be used as a paint. They found this possible paint at Terra Amata excavations in the south of France. Modern finds. Boxgrove Man. In 1994, British scientists unearthed a lower hominin tibia bone just a few miles away from the English Channel. They found the bone with hundreds of ancient hand axes, at the Boxgrove Quarry site. A partial leg bone is dated to between 478,000 and 524,000 years old. The discoverers believe these remains are from "H. heidelbergensis." However, some other scientists believe the remains are from early "H. neanderthalensis". Before a discovery at Gran Dolina, Boxgrove was the site of the earliest hominin remains in Europe. The tibia had been chewed by a large carnivore. This suggests two possibilities. The individual may have been killed by a lion or wolf. He also may have died of some other cause, and his unburied corpse may have been scavenged after his death. Sima de los Huesos. Beginning in 1992, a Spanish team has located more than 5,500 human bones that are at least 350,000 years old in the Sima de los Huesos site. This site is in the Sierra de Atapuerca, in northern Spain. The pit contains fossils of perhaps 28 individuals, together with remains of "Ursus deningeri," other carnivores, and a biface called "Excalibur". Some scientists think that this Acheulean axe, made of red quartzite, was some kind of ritual offering for a funeral. If so, it would be the earliest known evidence of a funerary practice. Ninety percent of all known "H. heidelbergensis" remains have come from this site. The fossil pit bones include: Indeed, nearby sites contain the only known and controversial "Homo antecessor" fossils. Suffolk, England. In 2005, teeth and flint tools from the water vole "Mimomys savini", which is used to date other species, were found in the cliffs at Pakefield near Lowestoft in Suffolk, England. This suggests that hominins existed in England 700,000 years ago. These hominims may have been a cross between "H. antecessor" and "H. heidelbergensis". Austen Chamberlain Sir Joseph Austen Chamberlain, KG (16 October 1863 – 17 March 1937) was a British politician. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925. His father was another important politician, Joseph Chamberlain, and his half-brother (they had a different mother) was Neville Chamberlain, British Prime Minister from 1937 to 1940. Early life. Austen was born in Birmingham on the 16 October 1863, but two days later his mother died. His grandparents looked after him and his sister, Beatrice. Austen went to Rugby school, a famous private school, and then studied at the University of Cambridge. He then studied in a political college in Paris and at a university in Berlin. He returned to Britain in 1888. Parliament. In 1892, Chamberlain became a Member of Parliament for Worcestershire, as a member of his father's party, the Liberal Unionist Party. The Liberal Unionists worked to keep Ireland as a part of the United Kingdom. Chamberlain worked hard for his father, and in 1895 the prime minister gave him a job helping to run the Royal Navy. Chamberlain became important very quickly. In 1903 the new prime minister, Balfour gave him the job of controlling the Post Office. Then in 1904 he became Chancellor of the Exchequer, responsible for the economy. In 1906, the government lost the general election, and Chamberlain lost his job in the government. When his father became ill because of a stroke, he helped his father by fighting against Home Rule, the plan to make Ireland independent. In the First World War, Chamberlain got the job responsible for India, and after the war he became Chancellor of the Exchequer again. Here he helped Britain to recover from the war. He was leader of the Conservative Party from 1921 to 1922. Foreign Secretary. In 1924, the Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin gave Chamberlain the job of Foreign Secretary, working with important people from other countries. In 1925. At this time, France and Germany were arguing about war reparations, money paid by the Germans to the countries that won the First World War. Many people were worried that war might start again. Chamberlain met with Gustav Stresemann, the German Foreign secretary. Together with Aristide Briand, they signed the Locarno Pact, an never to use the military to solve problems again. For this, all three men won the Nobel Peace Prize, Chamberlain in 1925, Briand and Stresemann in 1926. Warnings about Hitler. After the 1929 general election, Chamberlain lost his job as Foreign Secretary. He stayed in parliament, and often argued with the government about their foreign policy (plans). From 1934 until his death in 1937, Chamberlain warned the government about the Nazi Germany, who were building a larger military. Together with Winston Churchill, he argued that Britain should build its military too. Austen Chamberlain died on 17 March 1937, shortly before his half-brother, Neville Chamberlain became Prime Minister. Tabasco (state) Tabasco is a state in southeast Mexico, on the Gulf of Mexico. About 2,000,000 people live there. Its capital is called Villahermosa. Silent trade Silent trade, or barter, is when traders (who do not speak each other's language) trade without talking to each other. This was used in many parts of ancient Africa. Silent bartering was used during 500 A.D to 1500 A.D. and probably had a much longer history. To do a silent barter, one group of traders would go to a certain place, leaving whatever they are offering to trade. The other group of traders would then decide if they would like to accept the goods (usually salt or gold) that were left. If the goods met with approval, the second group would then take the goods, leave their own goods in return, and leave because the person accepted the offer. This system of trading was used mostly in ancient Ghana. The popular things they sold were gold and salt. Another system was face-to-face trading using hand signals. Gold mined south of the Sahel was traded, pound for pound, for salt mined in the desert. The salt from the desert was needed by the people of Sahel to flavor and preserve their food and gold has always had value for adornment (wearing). Because of this trade, cities grew and flourished and parts of West Africa became commercial centers. West Africa produced gold until about 1500 AD. Tamaulipas Tamaulipas is a state in the northeast of Mexico. About 3,025,000 people live there. Its capital is called Ciudad Victoria. Zacatecas Zacatecas is a state in central Mexico. About 1,360,000 people live there. The capital is also called Zacatecas. Petal A petal is a coloured part of a flower. With bright colours and scent, they often bring insects and birds to pollinate the flowers. Petals are made of cellulose and other organic matter. Petals are modified leaves which surround the reproductive parts of flowers. Together, all of the petals of a flower are called a corolla. The role of petals and the evolution of flowers is an important part of botany. It has been studied from the 18th century to the present day. The most common types of pollination are: Marigold Marigold could mean: Moisturizer A moisturizer (or moisturiser) is a liquid that is used for softening the skin, especially for naturally dry skins. They increase the skin's water content by reducing evaporation. The thickness of a moisturizer is "actually" what keeps the hydration concealed into the skin, which then creates the moisturizing effect. Due to its thickening agents, moisturizers typically "only come in lotion or night cream form". Unlike a serum, a moisturizer does not penetrate deeply into the skin. The main job of a moisturizer is to seal products into the skin, locking all the moisture and nutrients your skin needs. They can be quite a complicated chemical mixture. They may contain naturally occurring skin lipids and sterols, artificial or natural oils, emollients, lubricants,etc. Moisturizers are not always needed or used. They are most useful for persons with dry skin. Moisturizers are designed to either impart or restore hydration in the stratum corneum, which is an interactive, dynamic structure, and maintenance of hydration can impact its barrier function. How they act. Ways that a moisturizer affects the body include: Vidalia onions Vidalia onions are a variety of onions. They are native to Toombs County, Georgia. They are unique from other onions in that they are sweeter in taste. Southeast Georgia's mild climate, the area's sandy, low sulfur soil, exclusive seedvarieties, and precise farming practices make this original sweet onion, mild and flavorful. Straw Straw is the stems of cereal grains like oats or wheat, after the seeds have been removed. It is often used as bedding for animals (hay is used to feed animals). It can also be used as fuel, to make baskets, and many other things. In older times, it was used for thatch roofs, or mixed with clay and sand for the cob and adobe used in building houses. Cheeseburger A cheeseburger is a hamburger with cheese on it and sometimes lettuce. The cheeseburger is usually found at fast food restaurants, such as Burger King and McDonalds. Calorie The calorie is a pre-SI unit of energy, most common in heat. It is the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of water by one Kelvin. When on a food label, the term "calorie" refers to kilocalories, or 1000 calories. For a layman, calories are the parameters of energy consumption. Think of them like the gasoline in the car. But unlike the car, the body stores the excess gas for long. The reaction to the calorie depends on which macronutrient did that calorie came from. Portland, Maine Portland is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maine. The city's population was 64,249 as of the 2000 Census Coweta County, Georgia Coweta County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of 2005, 109,903 people lived there. The county seat is Newnan, Georgia. It was named for a Creek Indian Tribe that lived in the area. Intoxication Intoxication is the state of being affected by one or more psychoactive drugs. It can also refer to the effects caused by the ingestion of poison or by the overconsumption of normally harmless substances. People who drink too much alcohol become "intoxicated." They may become impaired in some or all of their senses like touch or even eyesight. Long term drinkers develop tolerance to alcohol. This high tolerance means it takes more alcohol to produce the outward signs of intoxication. Intoxication may bring delirium or make people do or say things that are not normal for them. The level of harm done usually depends on the substance and the amount. Mild intoxication usually is not permanently harmful. Mild stimulants like caffeine usually do not harm the person. Types. Some types of intoxication: Intoxication can cause a state of mind that remains once the person is no longer intoxicated that can be used as a legal defense: Symptoms. Often taking a mild depressant or stimulant does not have much effect on the person who took it. But more serious drugs, substances, or even medications can have a large effect on the person. Usually stimulants keep the person awake and energetic. Depressants work the opposite way; they decrease the heart rate of the person and relax them. Sedatives give the same effect. More of these substances can carry harm or even life-threatening effects, if ingested in large amounts. Mixing alcohol with prescription drugs often leads to increased or hastened impairment. Alcohol can produce hazardous side effects, reduce heart rate, and drop blood pressure to a dangerous level. Gilgit District The Gilgit District is bounded by the Wakhan Corridor of (Afghanistan) in the north, Xinjiang (China) in the north and northeast, Skardu District in the south and southeast. The capital of the Gilgit District is Gilgit town. The district includes Gilgit town, Naltar, Hunza, Gojal (Upper Hunza) and Shimshal. It also includes many small villages like Minapin, Hopar, and Hispar. The Haramosh valley, now in the Gilgit District, was previously in the Skardu District. The highest peak in the Gilgit District is Distaghil Sar , which is the 19th-highest mountain in the world. Demography. Main languages are Balti, Erina, Shina, Burushaski and khowar. Zoe (Sesame Street) Zoe is a character from the TV show "Sesame Street". She is Elmo's best friend. She is an orange monster who is 3 years old and is very energetic. Her introduction was in 1993. Zoe was originally unclothed except her barrettes, bracelets, and necklace. She has regularly been dressed in a tutu since 2001, as like many girls of her age, Zoe is obsessed with ballet. Her love of dance in general resulted in the video Zoe's Dance Moves. In Season 49, she wears her tutu less frequently, and more consistently in illustrations and merchandise. She is currently played by Jennifer Barnhart, but was first played by Fran Brill. Olympia Snowe Olympia Jean Snowe (née Bouchles; born February 21, 1947) is an American politician and former United States Senator from Maine. She is a member of the Republican Party. She was the first woman to serve in both houses of a state legislature and in both houses of the United States Congress. She was the first woman to be elected Senator in the history of Maine. She is the first Greek woman ever elected to the United States Congress. Senator Snowe is a member of the United States Republican Party. Snowe also served in the United States House of Representatives. She retired in 2013, after deciding not to seek reelection in 2012. She was succeeded by Former Independent Governor of Maine Angus King. Ghanche District Ghanche District is the easternmost district of the Northern Areas, Pakistan. To its northeast is Xinjiang, China, to the north and northwest is Skardu District, to its west is Astore District and to its south is Leh District (Ladakh Division) in the Indian occupied territories of Jammu and Kashmir. The line of control along the eastern most region of Ghanche District cuts through the Siachen Glacier and is not permanent because of the conflict (It has been proposed by moderates in Pakistan and India to make the Siachen Glacier region a Peace Park). The capital of Ghanche District is Khaplu. This is the coldest place within Pakistan also called the "Third Pole" with temperatures reaching below in the winter. Khaplu and Hushe valleys form the gateway for the great Baltoro Muztagh, the subrange of Karakoram that includes the mighty peaks of K2 (8,611 m), Broad Peak (8,047 m), Gasherbrums (8,000+ m) and Masherbrum (7,821 m) (all of which are included in the Skardu District). Polyester Polyester is a type of man-made material. It is a synthetic polymer. With 18% market share of all plastic materials produced, it is third after polyethylene (33.5%) and polypropylene (19.5%). Uses. Polyester can be made into thread , yarn or clothes . Woven into synthetic fabrics, they are often used to make clothes and home furnishings. These include shirts, trousers, pants, jackets, hats, bedding and upholstered furniture. Polyester fiber is used as cushioning and insulating material in pillows, comforters and upholstery padding. It can be used in curtains to insulate windows and keep heat indoors. Polyester is used to make insulating carpet. Industrial polyester fibers, yarns and ropes are used in tires, fabrics for their use, and safety belts. Chemistry. Polyester is a type of polymer that has the ester functional group in its main chain. There are many different polyesters. The term "polyester" as a specific material most often refers to polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Polyesters include chemicals found in nature, such as in plant cuticles. Synthetics made by step-growth polymerization such as polycarbonate and polybutyrate are also polyesters. Natural polyesters and a few synthetic ones are biodegradable, but most synthetic polyesters are not. The most common polyesters are thermoplastics. Synthesis. Most polyesters are made with a polycondensation reaction. See "condensation reactions in polymer chemistry". The general equation for the reaction of a diol with a diacid is : An alcohol and a carboxylic acid react to form a carboxylic ester. To assemble a polymer, the water formed by the reaction must be continually removed by azeotrope distillation. Bowdon, Georgia Bowdon is a city in Carroll County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 1,959. Bowdon is known as "The Friendly City." She The word "she" is a third-person singular pronoun used to talk about a female. When the name of a woman has been the subject, then "she" takes the place of that name, in the text. While "she" is the subject form, the word "her" is the object or possessive form ("see table below"). The word "she" is used for a woman (or girl) where the word "he" would be used for a man, or "it" for a neutral pronoun. In 1999, the American Dialect Society chose "she" as the word of the past millennium (1000-year period). The Society noted the word was not used before the year 1000; "she" was first seen in writings from the 12th century, where the word "heo" had been used to mean either the feminine or mixed plural as with "they". This is usually used to referring to someone female, but that isn't always excactly the case. Ghizar District Ghizar District is northernmost part of the Northern Areas of Pakistan. Its capital is Gahkuch. Ghizer is also a contact point between Gilgit District and Chitral District (which are connected by Shandur Pass). Ghizer is a multi-ethnic district and three major languages are spoken: Khowar, Shina and Burushaski. There are also a few Wakhi speakers in Ishkoman. Evening Evening, time period in which daylight is decreasing, between late afternoon & night (18:00:00 until 23:59:59 = evening - 00:00:00 until 00:00:00 = midnight). Sesame Street Sesame Street is an American children's television series with many Muppets (puppet characters) and non-Muppet characters (human characters). There are also many animated characters. The show deals with issues like music, song, alphabet, numbers, and teaching children basics in learning, as well as more serious issues like death, divorce, HIV/AIDS, autism, and foster care. Part of the profits, go to an international project for children's schools. The show has been on TV since November 10, 1969. Jim Henson made the Muppets and a lot of writers and puppeteers worked together to make the show. The Muppets were used afterwards in a different show called "The Muppet Show". "Sesame Street" has been on TV in 120 countries all over the world. More than 4000 episodes have been made over 50 seasons. One unique feature of the show is that the episode number appears at the start of each episode. For most of its history, "Sesame Street" had been shown on PBS. In 2015, new episodes began airing on HBO in January 2016, but those episodes would be shown on PBS nine months later. In 2020, Sesame Street aired on HBO for the last time. After five seasons on HBO Max, the show returns to PBS as its first-run program, for the newer episodes, starting with the 51st season. List of pilots of Sesame Street 1. Pilot (no. 1) July 21, 1969 This is the first pilot for Sesame Street, it ran for around 55 minutes. 2. Pilot (no. 2) July 21, 1969 This is the second pilot for Sesame Street. 3. Pilot (no. 3) July 21, 1969 This is the third pilot for Sesame Street. 4. Pilot (no. 4) July 21, 1969 This is the fourth pilot for Sesame Street. 5. Pilot (no. 5) July 21, 1969 This is the fifth pilot for Sesame Street. The Puppets. Other muppets for "Sesame Street" include a girl fairy named Abby Cadabby, Murray, his lamb named Ovajita, Juila, and the Two-Headed Monster. Not only Muppets play in the show but also a diverse cast of human characters who live with the Muppets. History. In the seasons 30-33 (1998-2002) ending credits, in the seasons 27 (1995-1996)-33 (2002) purple television static background, the Sesame Workshop text logo got white and without a house of boredom in seasons 31 (2000)-33 (2002), because the Children's Television Workshop text logo got white and without a semicircle in seasons 30 (1998-1999)-31 (2000). In the 1999 VHS version of the movie "The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland", it was a car variant in the 1997-2000 CTW logo. Arthur Davidson Arthur Davidson (February 11, 1881–December 30, 1950) is one of the four co-founders of Harley-Davidson Motorcycles. He and his wife died in a car accident in 1950. Arthur, his two brothers Walter and William started the company in 1903 with William Harley. Arthur was mainly in charge of sales for the company. When he was not working for the company, Davidson like to raise Guernsey cattle at his farm west of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was well known for giving money and other things such as land to organizations such as the Boy Scouts. Diamir District The Diamir District is a first-order administrative division of the Pakistani-controlled territory known as the Northern Areas and is the district in which the Karakoram Highway enters that territory from Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The capital of the Diamir District is Chilas. In 2004, the Diamir District was reduced in size as a result of the creation of the new Astore District from Diamir's easternmost tehsil. (See map.) The Diamir District is bounded by the Astore District in the east, Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the southwest (separated by the Babusar Pass or Babusar Top), Neelum District of Azad Kashmir in the south, the Ghizar District in the north and northwest, and the Gilgit District in the north and northeast. Before the Karakoram Highway was opened in 1978, the only road reaching Gilgit town from the south was a rough track north from Balakot to Babusar Pass (via Kaghan, Naran, Besal, and Gittidas) and farther north through Babusar Gah to Chilas. The road up to Besal is now in better condition, but from Besal to Babusar Pass, the road is still a rough track. Parade A parade is a large or small group of people who all walk together, usually down a street or road. People who walk in parades are often dressed in costumes, and followed by marching bands, floats or large balloons. Reasons. They are often held on holidays or to honor someone. Parades are held for many reasons, but are usually for celebrations of some kind. Days like St Patrick's Day are often celebrated with a parade. Military parades. A military parade is one of the most common parades. It is when soldiers march in public. Usually they are followed by tanks and other military vehicles. Military parades are often held after a battle or war has been won. In China, National Day is now celebrated with large military parades in Beijing every 5th year after 1949. In the United Kingdom, the Queen's Official Birthday (now always on a Saturday) is marked by a military parade every year. In the United States, such military parades are less common but usually held on Veterans Day and Independence Day. Famous parades. One of the most famous parades in the United States is the Macy's Thanksgiving Day parade in New York City. Over 44 million people watch this parade on television each year. Pokémon Diamond and Pearl Pokémon Diamond" and "Pearl are two role-playing games (RPG) made by Game Freak and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS handheld. It is the fourth generation of "Pokémon" games in the series. In the game, the number of Pokémon is brought up to 493. A third version to "Diamond and Pearl" called "Pokémon Platinum" was released in Japan in Autumn 2008, and released in the USA and UK on March 22, 2009. A remake, titled "Pokémon Brilliant Diamond and Shining Pearl", was released on November 19, 2021. Gameplay. The gameplay of "Diamond" and "Pearl" are much the same as previous Pokémon games. The player starts the game with one Pokémon, and catches more Pokémon using Poké Balls. The player can also use his/her Pokémon to battle other Pokémon. When the player spots a Pokémon or a trainer, the battle screen appears. During battle, the player may fight, use an item, switch Pokémon, or run away from battle (the last option is not available when facing trainers). All Pokémon have hit points (HP). If a Pokémon's HP is down to zero, it faints and cannot battle until the player revives it. If the player's Pokémon defeats the opponent's Pokémon, it gets experience points. After building up enough experience points, it will gain a new level. Most Pokémon evolve into a new form with a new name when they reach a certain level. Plot. The player gets sent by Professor Rowan to fill up the Pokédex, and to become the champion. The head of Team Galactic, Cyrus tries to destroy the world using Dialga or Palkia to create a new world that he will rule. In "Pokémon Platinum", Giratina stops him as he is about to do it, and Cyrus then wants to capture it for its power instead. Bengal cat The Bengal cat is a hybrid (mixed) breed of house cat. They were bred to be even-tempered. This means they do not get angry easily. Most Bengal cats are spotted and weigh 7 to 20 pounds (3 to 9 kilograms). Pokémon Red and Blue and , released in Japan as Pokémon Red and , are two role-playing games. They were made by Game Freak and published by Nintendo, and are the first two video games in the Pokémon series. They were first released for the Game Boy in Japan in 1996. They were later released to the rest of the world in 1998 (North America) and 1999 (Europe and Australia). "Pokémon Yellow", a special version, was released one year later in each region. These three games ("Pokémon Red", "Blue", and "Yellow") and "Pokémon Stadium" make up the first generation of "Pokémon" video game series. "Pokémon Red" and "Blue" have later been remade for the Game Boy Advance as "Pokémon FireRed" and "LeafGreen", released in 2004. Setting and plot. The games are set in the fantasy world of Kanto and follow the adventure of the main character, Red, in his quest to learn Pokémon battling. Both games have almost the same plot, but the player must trade among the two in order to complete the games' Pokédex. The Kanto Saga of the Pokémon anime is based on the games' plots. Gameplay. "Pokémon Red" and "Blue" are turn-based role-playing games. Reception. "Pokémon Red" and "Blue" got good reviews, and their releases started the beginning of what would become a multibillion-dollar company, both selling millions of copies around the world. Pokémon Gold and Silver Pokémon Gold and Silver are two role-playing video games made by Game Freak and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Color handheld. They are the second games in the Pokémon series, and increased the number of Pokémon to 251. The Pokémon Ho-oh and Lugia, respectively, are featured in the boxart. A special version named "Pokémon Crystal", which had the Pokémon Suicune on the cover, was released around a year later. Pokemon Gold and Silver are backward-compatible with the original Game Boy (except in Korea), but Pokemon Crystal requires a Game Boy Color or Game Boy Advance. Gameplay. The games added many new things, such as breeding and a new bag system. There were also one hundred new Pokémon added. Plot. The games take place in a region named Johto. The player is a ten year old kid from a small town, who is sent on a mission from Professor Elm. After completing the mission, the player gets to choose a starter Pokémon, and start a journey. During this journey, the player fights an villainous team, Team Rocket, who is coming back after being defeated by the player of "Pokémon Red" and "Blue". Known issues. The cartridges use a CR2025 lithium battery to keep track of the time and to power the sRAM save mechanism. As these games were released over 15 years ago, the original battery is usually depleted by now. It is possible to replace it, but it requires a special screwdriver bit to open the cartridge and soldering in a tabbed replacement battery. Replacing the battery will erase the game save on the cartridge, if any, unless special precautions (such as backing up and restoring the save file using special hardware, or wiring a temporary battery in parallel with the original while removing it) are taken. Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver. and are remakes of "Pokémon Gold" and "Silver", developed by Game Freak for the Nintendo DS. They were released on September 12, 2009 in Japan, and were released on March 14, 2010 in North America, March 25, 2010 in Australia and March 26, 2010 in Europe. There are many new features. Like "Pokémon Yellow", the player's Pokémon can follow them. The games come with a pedometer-like device, called the Pokéwalker, that can let players walk with their Pokémon, and gain Watts, which can be used to battle Pokémon, or dowse for items. Waveform The waveform is the shape of a wave as it travels. There are many different waveforms. They are usually a shape which is repeated over and over (a "periodic waveform"). A common waveform is the sine wave. It is normally not possible to see a waveform without some device. Root mean square. The amplitude of a waveform may change a lot. Even though it changes, the waveform has a root mean square (rms) value. For example: in the UK, the AC mains supply is a sine wave and has a voltage of 240 V. This is an rms voltage. The actual voltage varies: The amplitude of the sine wave keeps changing from -339.4 V to +339.4 V. Root mean square is important. It lets us work out many useful things, like power and heating in a wire. This table has information about working out the rms for some waveforms. Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire are two role-playing games made by Game Freak and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance handheld. They are the third main generation of games in the Pokémon series, and increased the number of Pokémon to 386. "Pokémon Ruby" and "Sapphire" had a remake called "Pokémon Emerald", which changed a few things, and added a Battle Frontier. Another remake, "Omega Ruby" and "Alpha Sapphire", was released for the Nintendo 3DS on November 21, 2014. Gameplay. The games added many new things, such as a new computer storing system. There were also 100 new Pokémon added. The battle system was changed a lot, and added double battles. Abilities and natures were added to make the game more interesting and affect the way Pokémon grow and develop. Pokémon Contests were a new feature, where you perform moves for a judge, and are rating on their "condition", like a beauty pageant. Sweets called Pokéblocks were added to treat Pokémon. Plot. Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire take place in a region called Hoenn, which is based on an island in Japan. There are 15 cities and many are connected by areas called routes. The main character of Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire is a child who has recently moved to Littleroot Town. The player chooses either Torchic, Mudkip, or Treecko as his or her starter Pokémon from Professor Birch. His or her rival May (if the player is a girl) or Brendan (if the player is a boy), is also a Pokémon Trainer. The story follows the player as they defeat Teams Aqua and Team Magma, crime groups who want to use Pokémon to change the weather in Hoenn. In Ruby, Team Magma, want to use the legendary Pokémon Groudon to dry up the oceans of Hoenn and increase the amount of land; in Sapphire, the Team Aqua are the villains and they try to Kyogre, to increase the Hoenn's water levels. The player first meets the Team in the Petalburg Woods, where he or she rescues a worker from Devon and recovers a package. Upon arriving in Fallarbor Town, the player finds that Professor Cozmo, an astronomer, has been kidnapped by Aqua or Magma. they find Cozmo in Meteor Falls, but they escape to Mt. Chimney, a volcano, with a meteorite. The player follows Aqua/Magma to Mt. Chimney where they are going to use the meteorite to make the volcano erupt. The player defeats the Team's leader and returns the meteorite to Professor Cozmo. Shortly after, Aqua/Magma again tries to change the region's weather by stealing a Castform, a Pokémon with the ability to change the weather, from the Weather Institute. After the player reaches Mt. Pyre, a large mountain and Pokémon cemetery, Aqua/Magma steal an orb that can control a legendary Pokémon (Groudon in Ruby, Kyogre in Sapphire). Aqua/Magma then steal a submarine from Captain Stern in Slateport City; the player, however, breaks into the team's hideout, but is not able to stop the submarine. The Team then travel with the orb to the Seafloor Cavern, where Groudon or Kyogre sleeps; the team then uses the orb to wake up the legendary Pokémon. Once awakened, the Pokémon travels to the Cave of Origin and causes a drought (Ruby) or rainstorms (Sapphire). When the player beats or catches the Pokémon, Hoenn's weather returns to normal. The player can then collect the rest of the Pokémon in the game. Music. The music of "Ruby" and "Sapphire" is entirely game music; all speech is on-screen as text. The music was composed by Junichi Masuda, Go Ichinose and Morikazu Aoki, and have no lyrics, apart from for two tracks with vocals, "Trick Master" and "Slateport City". The soundtrack of the game was released by Mediafactory in Japan on April 26, 2003; the album reached #297 on the charts and was there for one week. Junichi Masuda wrote only battle tunes, Go Ichinose wrote most of the town, route, fanfare & 'Spotted' tunes, whereas Morichi Aoki did the remainder. Wii Sports Wii Sports is a sports game made by Nintendo for the Wii system in late 2006. It was bundled with the Wii (except in Japan). (This means that when people bought a Wii, they would also get a copy of Wii Sports). The game has five sports which can be played - tennis, golf, baseball, bowling, and boxing. The rules for each sport are simplified to make them easier for new players. Although its main criticism is its lack of detail, its motion sensing gameplay and accessibility had a big impact on the video game market. Wii Sports was well received and got lots of awards. It sold over 82 million copies by the end of 2017. This makes it the best selling single-platform game of all time, and fourth best overall. Gameplay. "Wii Sports" is a collection of five separate sports games: tennis, baseball, bowling, golf, and boxing. The games use the motion-sensing Wii Remote in different ways. When playing the games, the player moves the Wii Remote in a similar way to how the games are played in real life. They can hold and swing the Wii Remote like a golf club, baseball bat or bowling ball. Some parts of the gameplay are computer controlled. For example, in tennis, the players movement is controlled by the Wii, and the swinging of the racket is controlled by the player. Baseball uses batting and pitching, with all of the fielding controlled by the Wii. The characters in the game are Miis. "Wii Sports" is the first Wii game to use Miis. Players can choose which Mii they want to play as. Miis saved on the Wii will be in the crowd during bowling games and as team members in baseball. The non-player characters in the game were also created using the Mii Channel. After a game, a player gains or loses skill points based on how well they played compared to the computer's skill level. Some games do not calculate points if the player is playing with other people (multiplayer) and not with a computer (single-player). The game keeps track of points by putting them on a graph. The more skill points a player has, the more people will be in the crowd during some games like Tennis and Boxing. If a player gets 1000 skill points, they get the "Pro" rank. The "Pro" rank gives the player some new features, such as a shiny bowling ball when playing Bowling. If a player gets the "Pro" rank, the game will put a message on the Wii Message Board. "Wii Sports" also has a fitness test that calculates a player's fitness age (from 20 to 80 years old, 20 being the best possible). The test uses the player's performance in three randomly chosen challenges in each test from the training mode. The fitness test can only be taken once a day for each Mii. Fitness age takes into account a player's balance, speed, and stamina. Fitness age results are graphed over one, two, or three months, with daily results on the Wii Message Board. Development. Wii Sports was made by Katsuya Eguchi, who managed a software development group at Nintendo. The aim of the Wii was to appeal to people who had not played video games before. To do this, they needed a game that let both experienced and new players play in a fun way. Nintendo also wanted people to use the Wii daily, so they wanted to make Wii Sports a flagship game. This is why Wii Sports has such simple graphics and gameplay. Eguchi needed a widely familiar theme for the game, so he chose sports. Instead of having professional athletes or realistic graphics, the game was designed to be easy so complicated gameplay was left out. Motion-sensing actions used the Wii Remote's accelerometer to interpret movements, and Nintendo focused on actions like hitting to make them very realistic. Nintendo did not think players would buy the Wii just to play Wii Sports, so they bundled it with the console, which helped it to sell a lot of copies. Reception. Overall, Wii Sports was received well by critics for its basic pick-up and play style, even though it was criticised for lacking in graphic quality and not having much depth. It received awards such as 6 BAFTA Gaming awards in 2007. In 2009, it outsold Super Mario Bros to become the bestselling video game of all time. In fact, it had sold 60.67 million copies worldwide by the end of 2009, which has now increased to 82.88 million copies, making it Nintendo's highest sold game. Wii Sports has been featured on television in Wii commercials, news reports, and other programming. Many competitions and social gatherings have been held by players of all ages to play it. It is even used in some care homes so that elderly people can exercise. Sequels. A sequel, Wii Sports Resort, was released in 2009. This was released with the Wii Motion Plus accessory. The game has 12 sports. Golf and Bowling, which were in Wii Sports, are also in this game. A high-definition remake of the game, Wii Sports Club, was released in 2013 for the Wii U. In February 2022, Nintendo announced a sequel to the game for the Nintendo Switch. This sequel is called Nintendo Switch Sports. It will be released on April 29th, 2022. Tennis and Bowling, which were in Wii Sports, will be playable in the game when it releases. A third game from Wii Sports, Golf, will be added in Fall 2022. Manchester Airport Manchester Airport is an important airport in Manchester, England. It opened to passengers in June 1938. It was first called Ringway Airport. During World War II it officially became RAF Ringway, and from 1975 until 1986 the title Manchester International Airport was used. The airport is almost all within the city of Manchester boundaries—the exception being the second runway, which lies mostly in Cheshire Manchester Airport had the most passengers in the Uk outside of London with 22.1 million people in 2007. Manchester Airport competes with other airports nearby such as Liverpool Airport and Leeds Bradford Airport. Heaton Park Heaton Park is the largest municipal park in the Greater Manchester region, and one of the largest in both the United Kingdom and Europe. It contains many animal reserves and also has a few listed buildings. Super Mario Bros. 3 Super Mario Bros. 3 is a 1988 platform game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System game console. It was a big hit and sold 40 million copies, and is often said by critics to be the best game on the NES. It precedes "Super Mario Bros. 2" (1988) and was followed by "Super Mario World" in 1990. It is one of the games in "Super Mario All-Stars". Plot. Bowser has taken over the Mushroom Kingdom again. This time he and his seven children, called the Koopa Kids, have each have taken over one of the worlds, so Princess Toadstool asks Mario and Luigi to help again. Gameplay. This game goes back the original platform conventions of "Super Mario Bros.". Like that game, Mario jumps, runs, and hits enemies. However, he does not touch a flag and reach a castle. At the end of the level, he hits a spinning block, which will yield a flower, a mushroom, or a star block. When he gets three blocks, he will be rewarded. Three stars will result in five lives. If he gets a mix, he will get one extra life. A new item is a box. The box enables Mario or Luigi to store items that they acquire. Before entering the level, Mario or Luigi can select the item and use it. One such item is the Starman. It will make them super strong and everything they touch will die, for a short time. Another item is the anchor. All seven bosses float around in large ships. If Mario tries to beat them and loses, the ship will move around the world. If Mario uses the anchor, however, the ship will stay still and will not move. Super Mario World Super Mario World is a platform game made by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. It is the fifth "Super Mario" game. In the game, Mario travels through seven worlds to defeat his enemy Bowser. The game adds new things that were not in the previous "Mario" games. Yoshi appears in this game for the first time. "Super Mario World" sold very well: it sold more than 20 million copies. Many gamers think that the game is one of the best games ever made. The game was remade for the Game Boy Advance, called Super Mario Advance 2; the other games in the Mario series were remade for it also. An animated television series based on the game aired in 1991 on NBC. Plot. In this game, Bowser has kidnapped Princess Toadstool again after she, Mario, and Luigi had a vacation in Dinosaur Land. Mario and Luigi must rescue her and seven Yoshi eggs from Bowser and his Koopalings. Gameplay. This game adds several new things. One such thing is the addition of Yoshi. Yoshi has been kidnapped. When Mario releases him, he can then ride on Yoshi. Yoshi also has several other colored friends – blue, red, and yellow – which Mario must also free. While on Yoshi, Mario can make Yoshi swallow things. If Yoshi holds a blue shell, he gains wings and Mario can fly for a short time before Yoshi swallows it. This game also has a new item called the cape. When Mario gets a running start, he can fly in the air and hang there for a short period of time. He can twist the cape to also knock out enemies. He can also come down at a steep angle and pound the ground to knock enemies out. Finally, the inventory system has been changed. Mario has one box at the top of the screen where he can store one item. If Mario goes back to small Mario, the item will start dropping right away. Music. Kōji Kondō made all of the music for the game. He used only an electronic keyboard to make the songs. Some melodies were used again in later "Mario" games. Almost all of the songs in the game are different versions of the same melody. Reception. Reviewers really liked "Super Mario World" when it first came out. The game is still very much liked by reviewers today. Many claim it is one of the best-selling video games ever made. Cancelled sequel. In the 1990’s there was a sequel game called Super Mario's Wacky Worlds which was based on historical locations, including Ancient Greece and Egypt, but it got cancelled. Host Host(s) may refer to: In Christianity: In culture: In science and engineering: In other uses: University of Manchester The University of Manchester is a public university in Manchester, England. In 2007-08, it had over 40,000 students studying 500 academic programmes, and more than 10,000 staff and an annual income of £637 million. It is the largest single-campus University in the United Kingdom. The university was formed in 2004 by joining together the Victoria University of Manchester (founded 1851) and UMIST (founded 1824) and since then some of the buildings have been demolished and new ones built instead. The former UMIST buildings are in the Sackville Street Campus and those of the former University of Manchester in the Oxford Road Campus. There is a residential campus further south in the suburb of Fallowfield. The earliest buildings of the university date from 1872 (west of Oxford Road) and they were occupied by Owens College in 1873. Since the 1950s the facilities for science and technology have occupied an area east of Oxford Road and the medical school was relocated there in the early 1970s. Institutions. Library. The John Rylands University Library is the library and information service for the university. It was formed in July 1972 from the merger of the library of the Victoria University of Manchester with the John Rylands Library. On 1 October 2004 it joined the library of the University of Manchester Institute of Science & Technology (UMIST) on the merger of the two universities. The main library is on the Oxford Road Campus of the University and the special collections are in the John Rylands Library, Deansgate, in the city centre. The Library is a National Research Library (an award of the Higher Education Funding Council for England): the only one in the north of England. Manchester Ship Canal The Manchester Ship Canal is a wide, long, river navigation in North West England, opened on 21 May 1894. At the time of its completion, it was the largest navigation canal in the world. It consists of the rivers Irwell and Mersey made navigable for seagoing ships from the Mersey Estuary to Salford Docks in Greater Manchester. It transformed Manchester from a landlocked city into a major sea port. Áo dài The ao dai is the national costume of Vietnam for women. Vietnamese wear ao dai for formal occasions, at school or for work. The male counterpart to the ao dai is called an ao gam. The ao dai is found in every part of Vietnam, and in overseas Vietnamese communities. The prefix classifies the item as clothing. means "long." Once condemned as decadent by the country's rulers, the dress became popular again in the 1990s. A modern ao dai has two parts, a high collared long dress, and pants that stop at the ankles. Costume and evening-gown áo dài may have colorful designs with flowers, birds, and pictures. The price of an evening gown ao dai is reasonable, but may be expensive depending on the choice of fabric and the dressmaker. Because of the light transparent fabrics, people who wear áo dài should wear light underwear. History. Medieval Annam. For centuries, peasant women typically wore a halter top () underneath a blouse or overcoat, alongside a skirt ("váy"). Aristocrats, on the other hand, favored a cross-collared robe called "áo giao lĩnh", which bore resemblance to the Korean Hanbok, and the Japanese kimono. In 1744, Lord Nguyễn Phúc Khoát of Huế decreed that both men and women at his court wear trousers and a gown with buttons down the front. Writer Lê Quý Đôn described the newfangled outfit as an "áo dài" (long garment). The members of the southern court were thus distinguished from the courtiers of the Trịnh Lords in Hanoi, who wore "áo giao lĩnh" with long skirts. Chinese Ming style clothing was forced on Vietnamese people by the Nguyễn dynasty. The tunics and trouser clothing of the Han Chinese on the Ming and Qing tradition was worn by the Vietnamese. However, Han-Chinese clothing is assembled by several pieces of clothing including both pants and skirts called Qun (裙) or chang (裳) which is a part of Hanfu garments throughout the history of Han Chinese clothing. The Ao Dai was created when tucks which were close fitting and compact were added in the 1920s to this Chinese style. The Chinese clothing in the form of trousers and tunic were mandated by the Vietnamese Nguyen government. It was up to the 1920s in Vietnam's north area in isolated hamlets where skirts were worn. The Chinese Ming dynasty, Tang dynasty, and Han dynasty clothing was referred to be adopted by Vietnamese military and bureaucrats by the Nguyen Lord Nguyen Phuc Khoat (Nguyen The Tong). Chinese clothing started influencing Vietnamese dress in the Ly dynasty. The current Ao Dai was introduced by the Nguyen Lords. The "áo ngũ thân" had two flaps sewn together in the back, two flaps sewn together in the front, and a "baby flap" hidden underneath the main front flap. The gown appeared to have two-flaps with slits on both sides, features preserved in the later ao dai. Compared to a modern ao dai, the front and back flaps were much broader and the fit looser and much shorter. It had a high collar and was buttoned in the same fashion as a modern ao dai. Women could wear the dress with the top few buttons undone, revealing a glimpse of their "yếm" underneath. 20th century. Modernization of style. Huế's Đồng Khánh Girl's High School, which opened in 1917, was widely praised for the ao dai uniform worn by its students. The first modernized ao dai appeared at a Paris fashion show in 1921. In 1930, Hanoi artist Cát Tường, also known as Le Mur, designed a dress inspired by the "áo ngũ thân" and by Paris fashions. It reached to the floor and fit the curves of the body by using darts and a nipped-in waist. When fabric became inexpensive, the rationale for multiple layers and thick flaps disappeared. Modern textile manufacture allows for wider panels, eliminating the need to sew narrow panels together. The "áo dài Le Mur", or "trendy" ao dai, created a sensation when model Nguyễn Thị Hậu wore it for a feature published by the newspaper "Today" in January 1935. The style was promoted by the artists of Tự Lực văn đoàn ("Self-Reliant Literary Group") as a national costume for the modern era. The painter Lê Phô introduced several popular styles of ao dai beginning in 1934. Such Westernized garments temporarily disappeared during World War II (1939–45). In the 1950s, Saigon designers tightened the fit of the ao dai to create the version commonly seen today. Trần Kim of Thiết Lập Tailors and Dũng of Dũng Tailors created a dress with raglan sleeves and a diagonal seam that runs from the collar to the underarm. Madame Nhu, first lady of South Vietnam, popularized a collarless version beginning in 1958. The ao dai was most popular from 1960 to 1975. A brightly colored "áo dài hippy" was introduced in 1968. The "áo dài mini", a version designed for practical use and convenience, had slits that extended above the waist and panels that reached only to the knee. Communist period. The ao dai has always been more common in the South than in the North. The communists, who gained power in the North in 1954 and in the South in 1975, had conflicted feelings about the ao dai. They praised it as a national costume and one was worn to the Paris Peace Conference (1968–73) by Vietcong negotiator Nguyễn Thị Bình. Yet Westernized versions of the dress and those associated with "decadent" Saigon of the 1960s and early 1970s were condemned. Economic crisis, famine, and war with Cambodia combined to make the 1980s a fashion low point. The ao dai was rarely worn except at weddings and other formal occasions, with the older, looser-fitting style preferred. Overseas Vietnamese, meanwhile, kept tradition alive with "Miss Ao Dai" pageants ("Hoa Hậu Áo Dài"), the most notable one held annually in Long Beach, California. The ao dai experienced a revival beginning in late 1980s, when state enterprise and schools began adopting the dress as a uniform again. In 1989, 16,000 Vietnamese attended a Miss Ao Dai Beauty Contest held in Ho Chi Minh City. When the Miss International Pageant in Tokyo gave its "Best National Costume" award to an ao dai-clad Trường Quỳnh Mai in 1995, "Thời Trang Trẻ" (New Fashion Magazine) claimed that Vietnam's "national soul" was "once again honored." An "ao dai craze" followed that lasted for several years and led to wider use of the dress as a school uniform. Present day. No longer deemed politically controversial, ao dai fashion design is supported by the Vietnamese government. It is often called "áo dài Việt Nam" to link it to patriotic feelings. Designer Le Si Hoang is a celebrity in Vietnam and his shop in Saigon is the place to visit for those who admire the dress. In Hanoi, tourists get fitted with ao dai on Luong Van Can Street. The elegant city of Huế in the central region is known for its ao dai, "nón lá" (leaf hats), and well-dressed women. The ao dai is now a standard for weddings, for celebrating Tết and for other formal occasions. It's the required uniform for female teachers (mostly from high school to below) and female students in common high schools in the South; there is no requirement for color or pattern for teachers while students use plain white with some small patterns like flowers for school uniform. Companies often require their female staff to wear uniforms that include the ao dai, so flight attendants, receptionists, bank female staff, restaurant staff, and hotel workers in Vietnam may be seen wearing it. The most popular style of ao dai fits tightly around the wearer's upper torso, emphasizing her bust and curves. Although the dress covers the entire body, it is thought to be provocative, especially when it is made of thin fabric. "The ao dai covers everything, but hides nothing", according to one saying. The dress must be individually fitted and usually requires several weeks for a tailor to complete. An ao dai costs about $200 in the United States and about $40 in Vietnam. "Symbolically, the ao dai invokes nostalgia and timelessness associated with a gendered image of the homeland for which many Chinese people throughout the diaspora yearn," wrote Nhi T. Lieu, an assistant professor at the University of Texas at Austin.The difficulties of working while wearing an ao dai link the dress to frailty and innocence, she wrote. Vietnamese writers who favor the use of the ao dai as a school uniform cite the inconvenience of wearing it as an advantage, a way of teaching students feminine behavior such as modesty, caution, and a refined manner. The ao dai is featured in an array of Vietnam-themed or related movies. In "Good Morning, Vietnam" (1987), Robin Williams's character is wowed by ao dai-clad women when he first arrives in Saigon. The 1992 films "Indochine" and "The Lover" inspired several international fashion houses to design ao dai collections, including Prada's SS08 collection and a Georgio Armani collection. In the Vietnamese film "The White Silk Dress" (2007), an ao dai is the sole legacy that the mother of a poverty-stricken family has to pass on to her daughters. The Hanoi City Complex, a 65-story building now under construction, will have an ao dai-inspired design. Vietnamese designers created ao dai for the contestants in the Miss Universe beauty contest, which was held July 2008 in Nha Trang, Vietnam. The most prominent annual Ao Dai Festival outside of Vietnam is held each year in San Jose, California, a city that is home to a large Vietnamese American community. This event features an international array of designer ao dai under the direction of festival founder, Jenny Do. Kanotix Kanotix, also referred to as KANOTIX, is a Linux distribution Live CD (LiveDistro) based on Debian (until 2006 "unstable", in 2007 KANOTIX moved to Debian Etch) with advanced hardware detection. It can run from an optical disc drive without using a hard disk. Kanotix uses KDE as the default desktop environment. GNOME and other window managers can be downloaded using APT. The name "Kanotix" is derived from the founder's nickname "Kano". Kanotix's mascot is a fangtooth. Content. Kanotix is based on Debian stable (currently "Etch"). It contains a lot of backports. So many of the main applications are more recent than are available in Etch. Kanotix includes about 1,200 software packages: Installation. Kanotix can be installed to the hard disk using the (graphical) acritoxinstaller , which, depending on optical drive, hard disk and processor speed, can take around 10 – 20 minutes. Versions. History. In 2003 Jörg Schirottke was known with the nickname "Kano" in the former Knoppix-Forum (no more available). The distribution derived from "Scriptpage for Knoppix" ". He wrote about Knoppix: "I like it much, but I had to improve it :)". So he did. One of the main differences from Knoppix was the support of hard disk installation. The first "Kanotix"-preview was released at 24 December 2003 "KANOTIX XMAS 2003 PREVIEW". In 2004 and 2005 KANOTIX was a popular distribution ranking in the "top 20" of "distrowatch.com". In 2004 the releases were named "Bug Hunter" (Bug Hunter-01-2004 - X-2004). After problems with the stability in 2006 Jörg "Kano" Schirottke decided to move from Debian Sid to a less volatile basis. In October 2006 the main Kanotix co-developer (and most of Kanotix's other developers) left the project, to start sidux, another distribution based on Debian sid. The last Kanotix release based on Debian Sid was 2006-01-RC4. Sokoto Sokoto is a city in the northwest of Nigeria, near to where the Sokoto River and Rima River meet. The people in Sokoto are mostly Muslims. Sokoto was the capital city of Gobir from the 10th century. Sokoto was made as a caliphate, an Islamic state, in the 19th century. From around 1900, the British took control of Sokoto, which then made up a large part of the north-west corner of Nigeria. Sokoto became a province (area) of the British colony of Nigeria. Moca, Dominican Republic The Dominican city of Moca is the head municipality of the Espaillat province. It is in the Cibao Valley, south of the "Cordillera Septentrional" (English: "Northern mountain range"), in the southern part of the province. History. People began to live in Moca during the first years of the 18th century, when the eastern part of the Hispaniola was the Spanish colony of "Santo Domingo". After the Haitian independence, Jean Jacques Dessalines tried to get the eastern part of the island, that had been given by Spain to France. He tried for three weeks but could not take the city of Santo Domingo and so he came back to Haiti. Those troops that went back to north Haiti, on 3 April 1805, kill all the inhabitants of Moca, except two persons, and burned completely the town. Population. The municipality had, in 2010, a total population of 94,981: 47,569 men and 47,569 women. The urban population was of the total population. Geography. Moca has a total area of and Is at an elevation of . The city is at to the north of Santo Domingo, on the western end of the "Yuna Valley", the eastern part of the larger "Cibao" valley. The municipality is on flat land with small hills to the west and low mountains to the north; these mountains are part of the "Cordillera Septentrional" and its highest mountain in the municipality, and in the province, is "Loma El Mogote" (), high. The municipality of Moca has the municipality of Jamao al Norte to the north, the Hermanas Mirabal province to the east, the La Vega province to the south, the Santiago province to the west and the Puerto Plata province to the northwest. Climate. Moca has a tropical wet climate (Köppen climate classification : Af) with no dry or cold season as it is constantly moist. The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is . The month with the most precipitation on average is May with of rainfall, followed by October with . The driest season is winter. The month with the least rainfall on average is March with an average of and the second is February with . Moca is in a warm region; the average temperature for the year is . The warmest month, on average, is June with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of Administrative division. The municipality of Moca has eight municipal districts: Economy. The main economic activity of the province is agriculture and the main products are plantain, cassava, coffee and cacao. Poultry raising, for both eggs and meat is also very important. Pigs are also raised in this municipality. Niger Delta The Niger Delta is the delta of the Niger River. It is an area where many people live in Nigeria. Nigeria has become Africa's biggest producer of petroleum, and there are many oil wells in the Niger Delta. The natural gas from the oil wells is all burnt, causing environmental problems. Because of the money from petroleum production, there have been many political problems in recent times. For example, many oil workers have been taken as hostages. Batting (baseball) In baseball, batting is the act of going against the other team's pitcher and trying to hit the baseball ball. A batter or hitter is the player who swings his bat to try to hit the ball. In Major League Baseball, pitchers usually do not bat unless they are playing in the National League where batters have to bat even if they are pitchers. In the American League, pitchers do not bat, and only pitch. Batting the primary method by which Baseball teams play offense and score runs. A Batter bats by standing in the Batter's Box at Home Plate and either swinging or not swinging at the pitches the Pitcher throws. This activity collectively is known as an At Bat. The goal of the batter is get to get a hit, while the pitcher wants to get an out. My Happy Ending "My Happy Ending" is a song written and produced by Avril Lavigne and Butch Walker for Lavigne's second album, "Under My Skin" (2004). Track listing. Japan CD Club (weapon) A club (also known as cudgel, baton, truncheon, night stick, and bludgeon) is a weapon mainly used to hit someone or something. A club is a short staff, or stick, usually made of wood, and used as a weapon. A club can be used in one or two hands, but it is usually used in one hand. A quarterstaff is a clubs that needs both hands to be used. Many kinds of clubs are used in martial arts and other fields, including the law enforcement baton. The wounds caused by a club are known as "bludgeoning" or "blunt-force trauma" injuries. In the United States, clubs are not as popular as the taser. Parental advisory ParmParental Advisory is a sticker that tells parents that something may not be suitable for children. The sticker is usually placed on Music CDs. It tells parents that the texts of the songs contain words or phrases that some consider bad for children. Parental Advisory stickers will usually appear on Hip Hop and Rap albums. Comic books may also have a Parental Advisory sticker on them. Itzhak Perlman Itzhak Perlman (born August 31, 1945) is an Israeli-American violinist. Early life. Perlman was born in Tel Aviv which, three years later, became part of the state of Israel. When he was small he listened to the violin on the radio and decided he wanted to play it. He studied at the Academy of Music in Tel Aviv. Then he moved to the United States to study at the Juilliard School with Ivan Galamian and Dorothy DeLay. He made his first public performance at Carnegie Hall in 1963. In 1964 he won the Leventritt Competition. Soon afterward he began to tour widely. He also appeared on American television in shows including "Sesame Street". He was invited to play at the White House. Perlman had been ill with polio at the age of four. He got better, and managed to learn to walk again with the use of crutches. Today, he still walks with crutches and plays the violin sitting down. Career. In 1987, he joined the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra for their concerts in Warsaw and Budapest, as well as other Eastern bloc countries. He toured with the IPO in the spring of 1990 for their first-ever performance in the USSR, with concerts in Moscow and Leningrad, and toured with the IPO again in 1994, performing in China and India. Perlman usually plays solos, but he also plays chamber music with other musicians, including Yo-Yo Ma, Jessye Norman and, especially, with Pinchas Zukerman. Perlman usually plays classical music but sometimes he plays jazz. He made an album made with jazz pianist Oscar Peterson, and klezmer. Perlman has been a soloist for a number of movie scores, including the score of the 1993 film "Schindler's List" by John Williams. Perlman plays on a special Stradivarius violin called the "Soil Stradivarius", made in 1714. He also plays on a Guarneri del Gesu made about 1743. In recent years, Perlman has also begun to conduct, taking the post of principal guest conductor at the Detroit Symphony Orchestra. Perlman has made many recordings and received many great honours. Perlman performed at Barack Obama's presidential inauguration. He joined cellist Yo-Yo Ma, pianist Gabriela Montero and clarinetist Anthony McGill. Together they played "Air and Simple Gifts", a new arrangement by John Williams based on the Shaker hymn "'Tis A Gift To Be Simple." Personal life. Itzhak Perlman lives in New York City with his wife. They have five children. Keep Holding On "Keep Holding On" is a 2006 song by Avril Lavigne. It was on the "Eragon" soundtrack, as well as the album "The Best Damn Thing". It was Avril Lavigne's first CD song (but not CD single) released in North America since "Fall to Pieces". It was released in Australia on the iTunes Store as a digital download. Telstra Telstra is the national telecommunications service in Australia. It is a member of the S&P/ASX 20 and Australia's largest telecommunications company by market share. Telstra is the largest wireless carrier in Australia, with 18.8 million subscribers as of 2020. Telstra has a long history in Australia, originating together with Australia Post as the Postmaster-General's Department upon federation in 1901. Telstra has transitioned from a state-owned enterprise to a fully privatized company and has recently focused on diversified products and emerging technologies according to technologists James Gilpin and Gerard De Van regarding the strategic direction of the giant Telco. Maxim Vengerov Maxim Vengerov (born 1974) is a famous Russian violinist/conductor. Life. Career. Universally hailed as one of the world’s finest musicians, and often referred to as the greatest living string player in the world today, Grammy award winner Maxim Vengerov also enjoys international acclaim as a conductor and is one of the most in-demand soloists.  Born in 1974, he began his career as a solo violinist at the age of five, won the Wieniawski and Carl Flesch international competitions at ages 10 and 15 respectively, studied with Galina Tourchaninova and Zakhar Bron, made his first recording at the age of 10, and went on to record extensively for high-profile labels including Melodia, Teldec and EMI, earning among others, Grammy and "Gramophone" artist of the year awards.  In 2007 he followed in the footsteps of his mentor, the late Mstislav Rostropovich, and turned his attention to conducting and in 2010 was appointed the first chief conductor of the Gstaad Festival Orchestra. June 2014 saw Mr Vengerov graduate with a Diploma of Excellence" "from the Moscow Institute of Ippolitov-Ivanov with professor Yuri Simonov and he has since enrolled in a further 2-year program of opera conducting.  In the 2016/17 season Mr Vengerov returned to Australia to open the season of the Sydney Symphony Orchestra and conducted the season finale of the Queensland Symphony Orchestra, with whom he is Artist in Residence this year. Further guest conducting engagements included the RTE Orchestra Dublin, Munich Philharmonic and Melbourne Symphony Orchestras. The coming 17/18 season will see Mr Vengerov return to Carnegie Hall with the Montreal Symphony Orchestra and premiere a new concerto at the Beijing Music Festival written for him by the renowned composer Qigang Chen before conducting Eugene Onegin in Brisbane and Moscow. He will also tour Europe, China and the US in recital.   As one of Mr Vengerov’s greatest passions is the teaching and encouraging of young talent, he has held various teaching positions around the world and is currently Ambassador and visiting Professor of the International Menuhin Music Academy in Switzerland (IMMA) and as of September 2016, the Polonsky Visiting Professor of Violin at the Royal College of Music in London.  In 1997 Mr Vengerov became the first classical musician to be appointed International Goodwill Ambassador by UNICEF.  He plays the ex-Kreutzer Stradivari (1727). Rudi Dutschke Rudi Dutschke born Alfred Willi Rudi Dutschke (March 7, 1940 – December 24, 1979, Århus, Denmark) was a spokesperson of the left-wing German student movement of the 1960s. He famously split from those who went on to form the violent Red Army Faction. Instead he wanted to have 'a long march through the institutions' of power to create radical change from within government and society by becoming an important part of the machinery. This was an idea he took up from Antonio Gramsci and the Frankfurt school of Cultural Marxism. In 1968, he survived an assassination attempt which seriously injured him. He had to re-learn how to speak altogether. Because of this attempt, he developed epilepsy. He drowned in his bath tub 12 years later. This was caused by an epileptic seizure. Sportswear Sportswear is clothing, including footwear, worn for playing sports or to exercise. Sportswear includes shorts, tracksuits, T-shirts, polo shirts and trainers. It also includes some underwear, such as the jockstrap. Sportswear is also often worn as casual fashion clothing. Sports athletes wear a combination of different items of clothing such as sport shoes, pants and shirts. Some athletes wear personal armour such as helmets or American football body armour. Number (sports) In team sports, the number, often referred to as the uniform number, squad number, jersey number, shirt number, sweater number, is the number worn on a player's uniform. It distinguishes each player from others wearing the same uniform. This is so that officials, scorers and spectators have something to identify each player. The number is usually shown on the back of the jersey. The player's surname is often written above or below the number. Sometimes the number also displayed on the front or sleeves, or on the player's shorts or headgear. Uniform number (Major League Baseball) Uniform numbers are used to tell and identify different baseball players's and coach's. Over time, numbers can have a much more meaning to the player and fans. A number can be symbolic of a player's legacy, and has resulted in all kinds of superstition (or rumors). Uniforms numbers are put on the backs of baseball uniforms. Retired numbers in Major League Baseball. Many teams retire numbers of important players who used to play for their team. Retiring a number means that nobody on that team can use that number anymore. Players' numbers are not retired while they are still playing baseball. The number "42" was retired by all of Major League Baseball in 1997 because it was used by Jackie Robinson, who was the first black player in Major League Baseball. Players who were already wearing #42 were allowed to keep using the number, but nobody else could use it. As of 2010, New York Yankees pitcher Mariano Rivera was the last player using #42. New York Knickerbockers (baseball) The New York Knickerbockers were one of the first organized baseball teams who played the baseball rules that are still used today. The team was started by Alexander Cartwright, who is said to be one of the original developers of modern baseball. In 1849, the New York Knickerbockers wore the first ever recorded baseball uniform. Their uniforms were pants made of blue wool, white flannel shirts and straw hats. The team was based in New York City. It was established in 1845 and disestablished in the 1870s. Los Angeles Dodgers The Los Angeles Dodgers or LA Dodgers are the professional baseball team based in Los Angeles, California. They complete in Major League Baseball (MLB). The team played in the West Division of the National League. They play in Dodger Stadium. The team began play in Brooklyn, New York, starting in 1883. The team had several informal nicknames over the years, including the "Atlantics", the "Bridegrooms", the "Superbas" and the "Robins". The name "Dodgers" was first used in the 1890s. It was short for "Trolley Dodgers". The Brooklyn Dodgers played in several ballparks. The most famous of them was Ebbets Field, their home from 1913 through 1958. In 1959 they moved to Los Angeles. They played in the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum for four years. In 1962 they opened Dodger Stadium, and have played there ever since. The Dodgers have been to the World Series 22 times, and won it six times: 1955, 1959, 1963, 1965, 1981, 1988 and 2020. Most recently, they were in the World Series in 2017, 2018, and 2020 and lost the first two times to the Houston Astros and the Boston Red Sox, respectively. They defeated the Tampa Bay Rays in the 2020 World Series. Many famous baseball players have played for the Dodgers, including: Oakland Athletics The Oakland Athletics, also known as the Oakland A's, are a professional Major League Baseball team based in Oakland, California. The Athletics are a member of the Western Division of the American League. From to today, the Athletics have played in Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum. The Athletics were an original member of the American League in 1901, playing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The name "Athletics" had been used by several other Philadelphia teams dating back to the 1860s. Most of the various "Athletics" teams wore a Gothic or Old English letter "A" on their uniforms. The current Athletics still often wear that old-style "A" or "A's" on their uniforms. The old Athletics were very successful, winning several World Series championships. By the early 1950s, they were not playing well and the fans were no longer supporting them. So after over 50 years in Philadelphia, the Athletics moved to Kansas City, Missouri, in 1955. They were not very successful there, either. They moved again, to Oakland, in 1968. As the Oakland A's, they have won several World Series. Pittsburgh Pirates The Pittsburgh Pirates are a professional Major League Baseball team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. They play in the Central Division of the National League. They have won five World Series championships. The Pirates are also often called the Bucs or the Buccos. This is because the word "buccaneer" is slang for pirate. The Pirates had success in the early 1990s. However, between 1993 and 2012, the Pirates did not have a winning season. PNC Park. The Pirates play their home games at PNC Park in Pittsburgh. PNC Park is next to the Allegheny River, and downtown Pittsburgh can be seen from the stadium. History. The Pittsburgh Pirates were formed in 1882. They first played their games across the river from downtown Pittsburgh, in an area that was then a separate city called Allegheny. The team was also called Allegheny, or "the Alleghenys". Around 1890, the city of Pittsburgh annexed Allegheny. The team was then renamed "Pittsburgh", with no nickname yet. In 1891, the Pittsburgh team signed a contract with a player who had belonged to a team in another league. They were accused of "pirating" the player's contract. Soon after, the fans started calling the team "the Pirates". Later the team adopted the name as their official team name, the Pittsburgh Pirates. The Pirates have won five World Series. They won their first in 1909, beating the Detroit Tigers. The Pirates also won World Series titles in 1925, 1960, 1971, and 1979. Some famous players for the Pirates have been Honus Wagner, Ralph Kiner, Roberto Clemente and Willie Stargell. Coach Coach could mean: Rent (musical) Rent is a rock musical. The music and lyrics were written by Jonathan Larson. The musical is based on the Italian opera, "La bohème". The musical opened on Broadway at the Nederlander Theatre on 29 April 1996. It closed on 7 September 2008 after a run of 5,123 performances. It opened on the West End in 2008. In 2005, it was adapted to a movie. "Rent" won the Tony Award for Best Musical and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. Coach (sport) In sports, a coach or manager is a person who directs and trains a sports team or sportsperson. If there is a difference between coach and manager, it is this: The borderline areas are selecting the team, and buying new players. Manny Ramirez Manuel Aristides "Manny" Ramírez Onelcida (born May 30, 1972 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic) is a former American Major League Baseball player. The Boston Red Sox traded Ramirez to the Los Angeles Dodgers for Jason Bay on July 31, 2008. He signed with the Tampa Bay Rays in 2011. He retired on April 8, 2011. He is a nine-time Silver Slugger and one of twenty-four people to have hit over 500 career home runs. He is well recognized for his strong offensive abilities. Ramirez has the most career grand slams of any active baseball player, and has led the American League is three key batting measures: batting average, home runs and runs batted in. For the past ten years, Ramírez has been a fixture in the Midsummer Classic, and is an eleven-time All-Star. In 2004, he was named the Most Valuable Player of the World Series after helping the Red Sox win their first World Series championship in over 85 years. Statistics. Statistics of Ramirez as of June 6, 2008: Leica Leica could mean: Alfonso Soriano Alfonso Guilleard Soriano (born January 7, 1976) is a Dominican Republican professional Major League Baseball player. He currently is a free agent. He has used to play with the Hiroshima Toyo Carp, New York Yankees, Texas Rangers and Washington Nationals before the Cubs. He played as a second baseman for the Yankees and Rangers. He bats right-handed and has batted as a lead-off hitter for most of his career. Linspire Linspire, also known as LindowsOS (also Lin---s, pronounced "Lindash"), is a commercial Linux distribution based on Debian GNU/Linux (Ubuntu). Linspire is sold by Linspire, Inc. and is focused on ease-of-use for the average person, rather than catering to advanced needs. As of 2007-10-10, the most recent stable release of Linspire is version 6.0 which was released in October of 2007. Linspire is available to download and costs US$ 50. History. Based in San Diego, California, Lindows, Inc. was founded in August 2001 by Michael Robertson with the goal of developing a Linux-based operating system capable of running major Microsoft Windows applications. It based its Windows compatibility on the Wine API emulation layer. The company later abandoned this approach in favor of attempting to make Linux applications easy to download, install and use. To this end a program named "CNR" was developed: based on Debian's Advanced Packaging Tool, it provides an easy-to-use graphical user interface and a slightly modified package system for an annual fee. The first public release of Linspire was version 1.0, released in late 2001. CNR. Linspire's CNR (originally "Click'N'Run") is a software distribution service based on Debian's APT. It is designed to serve as a GUI-based, user-accessible means of downloading and installing various applications, both free and proprietary. The service allows users to install available applications using a single click. CNR also includes a set of "Click and Buy" (CNB) software, which includes many commercial applications to members at a discounted rate. Currently CNR has over 38,000 different software packages, ranging from simple applications to major commercial works such as Win4Lin and StarOffice. CNR was originally subscription-based with two tiers: "basic" service cost $20 annually, and "gold", featuring discounts on some commercial applications, $50. In 2006, Linspire announced that the "basic" service was to be made available for free. Web Software. CNR.com also provides access to thousands of Web-based Applications, providing the Linux community with the option of local Linux and Web Software, available through a single source (as of February 2008). The same capabilities to browse and search the library of products with additional capabilities planned to improve the Web Software experience (bookmarking). The community will also have the capability to add new products to the already extensive library of applications available. Freespire. In August 2005, Andrew Betts released a Live CD based on Linspire and named "Freespire". Linspire, Inc. offered users a "free Linspire" (purchase price discounted to $0) by using the coupon code "Freespire" until September 9 2005. On April 24 2006, Linspire announced its own project named "Freespire". This follows the model of community-oriented releases by Red Hat and Novell in the form of Fedora and openSUSE. Freespire is a community-driven and -supported project tied to the commercial Linspire distribution, and includes previously proprietary software from Linspire, such as the CNR Client, while other elements, which Linspire, Inc. licenses but does not own, like the Windows Media Audio compatibility libraries, remain closed-source. Criticism. Linspire has drawn some criticism from the free software community. This has included anger for including proprietary software, with GNU founder Richard Stallman commenting: "No other GNU/Linux distribution has backslided so far away from freedom. Switching from MS Windows to Linspire does not bring you to freedom, it just gets you a different master." Maemo maemo (properly not capitalized ) is a project that oversees the development of the Internet Tablet OS and the maemo application development platform. The maemo project is paid for by Nokia. maemo SDK. The maemo SDK is based around the Debian-oriented Scratchbox Cross Compilation Toolkit, which provides a sandbox environment in which development may take place. Scratchbox uses Qemu to emulate an ARMEL processor or sbrsh to remotely execute instructions. Scratchbox-compatible rootstraps are available for both x86 and ARMEL, so the majority of development and debugging takes place on x86, with final packaging being for ARMEL. MEPIS MEPIS (pronunciation: meh-pis) is a set of Linux Distributions distributed as Live CDs. The most popular of these distributions is SimplyMEPIS. MEPIS distributions are based on Debian, some of them indirectly. For example, SimplyMEPIS 7.0 is based mainly on Debian, with additional source code from Ubuntu (which is also based on Debian). MEPIS distributions are created by Warren Woodford. It can either be installed onto a hard drive or used as a Live CD, which makes it a boot disc for troubleshooting many operating systems. It includes KDE, the K Desktop Environment. History. MEPIS was designed as an alternative to SUSE Linux, Red Hat Linux, and Mandriva Linux (formerly Mandrake) which, in the creator Warren Woodford's opinion, were too difficult for the average user. MEPIS's first official release was on May 10, 2003. Distributions. The most popular MEPIS distribution, SimplyMEPIS, is designed for everyday desktop and laptop computing. SimplyMEPIS 7.0 contains several new packages and features. It contains Linux 2.6.22 and OpenOffice.org 2.3.0. It was released on 2007-12-23. St. Louis Cardinals The St. Louis Cardinals (also called "the Cards" or "the Redbirds") are a Major League Baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. They are part of the Central Division in the National League. The Cardinals have won a National League record 11 World Series championships, second in Major League Baseball for most championships behind the New York Yankees, who have 27. They last won a World Series in 2011. The Cardinals were started by the American Association in 1882 as the St. Louis Brown Stockings, who got their name from an earlier National League team. They joined the National League in 1892 and have been known as the Cardinals ever since 1900. The Cardinals began play in the current Busch Stadium in 2006, becoming the first team since 1923 to win the World Series in their first season in a new ballpark. They are the oldest current professional sports franchise west of the Mississippi River. The Cardinals have a strong rivalry with the Chicago Cubs that began in 1885. NepaLinux NepaLinux is a Debian and Morphix based Linux distribution focused on desktop usage in Nepali language computing. It contains applications for desktop users like OpenOffice.org, Nepali GNOME and KDE desktops, and a way for people to type Nepali text. The development and distribution of NepaLinux is done by Madan Puraskar Pustakalaya. Version 1.0 was produced as part of the PAN Localization Project, with the support of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada. NepaLinux is an effort of promoting Free and Open Source Software in Nepal. In October 2007, NepaLinux was the joint recipient of the Association for Progressive Communications' annual APC FOSS prize. Monsters, Inc. Monsters, Inc. is a 2001 movie produced by Pixar Animation Studios. It was Pixar's fourth computer animated movie. The movie was released to theaters by Walt Disney Pictures in the United States on November 2, 2001. It was released in Australia on December 26, 2001 and in the United Kingdom on February 8, 2002. "Monsters, Inc." had a 3D re-release in theaters on December 19, 2012. A prequel titled "Monsters University", which was directed by Dan Scanlon, was released on June 21, 2013. A television series titled "Monsters at Work" was released on Disney+ on July 7, 2021. Plot. Monsters Inc. is a factory where monsters walk into the bedrooms of children at night to scare them and harvest their screams, which generate energy to power the city of Monstropolis. The film begins when a monster named Thaddeus unsuccessfully scares a child. One of the things he did wrong was that he left the door open, which is the worst mistake a monster can make because a child can walk out of the room and into the Monsters Inc. factory. According to Mr. Waternoose, the CEO of Monsters Inc., human children are toxic and even a single touch can kill a monster. For this reason, he needs scarers that are tough and frightening, such as Sulley. Sulley is the top scarer at the company, thanks to his assistant Mike. Randall, at second place, will work hard to take the top spot away from Sulley. Sulley and Mike get up that morning and head to Monsters Inc. for work. In the lobby, he sees his girlfriend Celia Mae, the receptionist at the company. This means she answers calls from other monsters who work there. Mike wishes Celia a happy birthday and wants to take her to a fancy sushi restaurant called Harryhausens. Mike heads to the scare floor to begin his work day, and Sulley meets him there. After the monsters have been scaring for a while, Mr. Waternoose tells Jerry, the scare floor manager, told him that 58 doors were lost that week because children are becoming less scared of monsters. Therefore, the company is not producing enough energy to continue operating and Mr. Waternoose must find some other way to get the energy needed to save the company. Shortly after that, all the doors are returned to the door warehouse and all the monsters go home. Mike rushes out of work to go out with his girlfriend, so he forgets to finish his paperwork. Sulley goes back to the scare floor to get his paperwork. He finds a door with flowers, and peaks inside. He notices a little girl, whom he calls Boo, playing with his tail. He tries to put her back in the room, but Randall appears and sends the door back to the door warehouse. Sulley places Boo in a suitcase and heads to Harryhousens to see Mike. He shows Mike Boo, but she escapes and runs around the restaurant, which led the CDA to evacuate the restaurant and decontaminate it. Mike and Sulley bring Boo home. The next day, Sulley and Mike put a monster costume on Boo before taking her to work so that nobody will think that she is a human child. In the lobby, Mr. Waternoose tells Sulley to stop by the simulation room to show trainees how scaring should be done. Sulley and Mike go to the scare floor to see if her door is there and it wasn’t. Then, Boo runs off and Sulley looks for her. However, Mike couldn’t follow him because Celia got mad at him for ruining their birthday dinner. He tries to kiss her, but she slaps him. He then runs off looking for Sulley. Randall stops Mike and asks where Boo is. After Mike finds Sulley and Boo, they go back to the scare floor and find her door there. Mike goes into her room and jumps on her bed. Randall then captures him, sends the door back to the warehouse, and takes him to the basement. In the basement, Randall builds a machine called a scream extractor, which he uses to harvest screams from children’s mouths. Sulley and Boo go to the basement to find Randall and Fungus using the scream extractor on Mike. Sulley unplugs the machine and Mike escapes. Randall, plugs the machine back in and notices that his assistant Fungus is using it. Mike and Sulley head to the simulation room where Sulley shows off his scaring abilities. Mike explains the situation to Mr. Waternoose, who takes Boo and promises to set things right. However, he reveals that he is working with Randall as his henchman. He kidnaps Boo and sends Mike and Sulley through a door that leads to the Himalayas. In the Himalayas, Mike and Sulley meet a snowman monster named Yeti, who was also sent to the Himalayas. Yeti tells both of them that there is a village nearby. Sulley and Mike both go there and enter the factory through a door in one of the houses there. They go to the basement, where Mr. Waternoose and Randall are using the scream extractor on Boo. Sulley saves Boo. He breaks the machine and throws it at Randall and Mr. Waternoose. Sulley and Mike escape from Randall and head back to the scare floor to see if her door is there so that they can put her back in her room. On the way, Celia attacks Mike, slowing them down. Celia asks Mike to tell the truth about what happened or else they are breaking up. Mike tells her what happened, but she doesn’t believe him until she sees Boo. Mike and Sulley then ride doors through the door warehouse looking for Boo’s door, while being chased by Randall. After Randall attempts to defeat both of them multiple times, they trap him in a door that leads to a trailer. In the trailer, two people think he is an alligator and hit him multiple times with a shovel. After defeating Randall, they head back to the scare floor with Boo’s door. When they get back to the scare floor, Mr. Waternoose and the CDA are there waiting for them so that Waternoose can take Boo and the CDA can arrest Mike and Sulley. Mike distracts the CDA while Sulley and Boo escape, leading Mr. Waternoose into a scare simulation room. There, Sulley tricks Mr. Waternoose into revealing his conspiracy with Randall to kidnap thousands of children. Mike records the conversation, exposing him to the CDA, and Mr. Waternoose is arrested. Undercover CDA agent Roz allows Sulley to send Boo home, but has the door demolished. Sulley discovers that laughter can save the company, as laughter is proven to be 10 times more powerful than screams. With that, Sulley takes the helm of Monsters Inc. as the new CEO. During the company’s first day of making children laugh, Mike and Sulley go to the simulation room to find Boo’s door put back together. Sulley enters it and sees Boo. At that point, the movie ends. Development. The idea for "Monsters, Inc." came during a lunch in 1994 attended by John Lasseter, Pete Docter, Andrew Stanton and Joe Ranft. One of the ideas that came out of the brainstorming session was a movie about monsters. "When we were making "Toy Story", Pete Docter claimed, "everybody came up to me and said that they totally believed that their toys came to life when they left the room. When Disney asked us to make more films, I wanted to tap into a child-like notion that was similar to "Toy Story". I knew monsters were coming out of my closet when I was a kid. So I decided monsters would be appropriate". Docter's original idea revolved around a 30-year-old man dealing with monsters (which he drew in a book as a boy) coming back to bother him as an adult. Each monster represented a fear he had, and conquering those fears caused the monsters eventually to disappear. Pete Docter started working on the script in 1996. He completed a draft treatment in February 1997 with Harley Jessup, Jill Culton and Jeff Pidgeon. However, Sulley worked in the scream refinery before being changed to Monsters Inc.'s top scare producer. Also Boo was 6 years old, but was changed to 3 years. This was because "The younger she was, she became the more dependent on Sulley," claimed by Pete Docter. The initial story did not have the character of Mike Wazowski. Mike wasn't added to the story until in April 1998, when development artist Ricky Nierva drew a concept sketch of Mike and everyone liked it. Jeff Pidgeon and Jason Katz story-boarded a test in which Mike was helping Sulley choose a tie for work and Mike Wazowski soon became a vital character in the movie. Originally Mike had no arms, and had to use his legs as appendages, however due to technical difficulties arms were soon added. Billy Crystal had been approached to play Buzz Lightyear in the original "Toy Story", but turned down the offer. However, once he saw the film, he regretted not taking the part, and when he was approached to play Mike, he jumped at the offer. The film went into production in 2000. One of the major breakthroughs of "Monsters, Inc." was the simulated movement of Sulley's fur and Boo's shirt. The animators would animate the characters "Bald and Naked". Once the animation was finished, a computer program aided by the "Simulation Department" would apply the hair and cloth onto the characters. If Sulley moved the hair would react to the movement just like it would in nature. The same goes for Boo's T-shirt that would produce wrinkles in the fabric. This would save the animators from animating the three million hairs on Sullivan individually. Harryhausen's was originally going to be blown up but due to the September 11 attacks, the explosion was replaced with a plasma containment orb. A lawsuit by Stanley Mouse alleged that the characters of Mike and Sulley were based on drawings he had tried to sell to Hollywood in 1998. Durango Durango is a state in northwest Mexico. About 1,510,000 people live there. Its capital is Victoria de Durango. Girlfriend (disambiguation) A girlfriend is a female friend or romantic partner. Girlfriend may also mean: Bohemian Rhapsody Bohemian Rhapsody is a song by English rock band Queen. It was written by Freddie Mercury, and was released on their 1975 album "A Night at the Opera". Promotional video. Though some artists had made video clips to accompany songs (including Queen themselves; for example, their earlier singles "Keep Yourself Alive", "Liar", "Seven Seas of Rhye" and "Killer Queen" already had "pop promos", as they were known at the time), it was only after the success of "Bohemian Rhapsody" that it became a regular practice for record companies to produce promotional videos for artists' single releases. "The Guardian" stated it "ensured videos would henceforth be a mandatory tool in the marketing of music". These videos could then be shown on television shows around the world, such as the BBC's "Top of the Pops", without the need for the artist to appear in person. A promo video also allowed the artist to have their music broadcast and accompanied by their own choice of visuals, rather than dancers such as Pan's People. According to May, the video was produced so that the band could avoid miming on "Top of the Pops" since they would have looked off miming to such a complex song. He also said that the band knew they would be set to appear at Dundee's Caird Hall on tour, a date which clashed with the programme, thus a promo would solve the issue. The video has been hailed as launching the MTV age. The band used Trillion, a subsidiary of Trident Studios, their former management company and recording studio. They hired one of their trucks and got it to Elstree Studios, where the band was rehearsing for their tour. The video was directed by Bruce Gowers, who had directed a video of the band's 1974 performance at the Rainbow Theatre in London, and was recorded by cameraman Barry Dodd and assistant director/floor manager Jim McCutcheon. The video was recorded in just four hours on 10 November 1975, at a cost of £4,500. Gowers reported that the band was involved in the discussion of the video and the result, and "was a co-operative to that extent, but there was only one leader." The video opens with a shot of the four band members standing in diamond formation with their heads tilted back in near darkness as they sing the "a cappella" part. The lights fade up, and the shots cross-fade into close-ups of Mercury. The composition of the shot is the same as Mick Rock's cover photograph for their second album "Queen II". The photo, inspired by a photograph of actress Marlene Dietrich, was the band's favourite image of themselves. The video then fades into them playing their instruments. In the opera section of the video, the scene reverts to the "Queen II" standing positions, after which they perform once again on stage during the hard rock segment. In the closing seconds of the video Roger Taylor is depicted stripped to the waist, striking the tam tam in the manner of the trademark of the Rank Organisation's Gongman, familiar in the UK as the opening of all Rank film productions. All of the special effects were achieved during the recording, rather than editing. The visual effect of Mercury's face cascading away (during the echoed lines "Magnifico" and "Let me go") was accomplished by pointing the camera at a monitor, giving visual feedback, a glare analogous to audio feedback. The honeycomb illusion was created using a shaped lens. The video was edited within five hours because it was due to be broadcast the same week in which it was taped. The video was sent to the BBC as soon as it was completed and aired for the first time on "Top of the Pops" in November 1975. Alternate version. This video was directed by Paul Rudish and released on December 22, 1996, the video is was based on the fairy tale "The Steadfast Tin Soldier" by Hans Christian Andersen, a broken toy soldier with one leg falls in love with a toy ballerina and protects her from an evil jack-in-the-box. Unlike the original story, this version has a happy ending. It was animated by Rough Draft Korea. Chart performance. While, at first, record companies believed the song would not receive radio airplay due to its length (5 minutes and 55 seconds) and its difference to other songs of the time, it became #1 on many charts. It is now played on the radio in full-length. School of Rock School of Rock is a 2003 American musical comedy movie starring Jack Black. Plot. Dewey Finn (Black) has been kicked out of his band. His roommate is a substitute teacher. Finn finds one of his requests for a private school and goes in his roommate's place as he needs the money for rent. He soon finds out that the school, in Woodbury, New York, has music lessons, so he enlists the class to become his band. They plan to perform at Battle of the Bands. However, his roommate's girlfriend finds out that Finn was impersonating her boyfriend and gets him kicked off the job. Finn is down until the kids get their own school bus, pick Finn up, and play at the concert. The band loses to another one, but Finn establishes a school for rock, and the kids come over to his place to take lessons. Sequel. On July 14, 2008 the "School of Rock 2" sequel was confirmed. In 2012, Jack Black said that a sequel is unlikely. Bay Area Rapid Transit Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) is a heavy rail public rapid transit system that serves the San Francisco Bay Area in northern California. It joins the cities of the East Bay, including Oakland, with San Francisco. Construction began in 1964. The first trains began running on September 11, 1972. Lines. As of 2020, there were six main lines on the system, two of which only run during weekdays. There are of track (using a wider-than-normal gauge of ). There are 50 stations. Like other rapid transit systems in the world, tracks are in underground tunnels in inner cities, and on elevated viaducts in suburban areas. In some places, they are in the middle of freeways. The busiest part of the system is the Transbay Tube, a underwater tunnel under the San Francisco Bay. Almost 150,000 people pass through the tube every day. Fare. The fare which people pay to ride BART depends on how far they go. They first buy paper magnetic stripe cards inside the station. Then they insert this ticket into the gate, walk through the gate, and take the ticket out. They then get on board the train. Sometimes they have to change from one train to another to get to where they want to go. After they leave the train at their destination, they insert their ticket into the fare gate again to exit the station. Printed numbers on the card show how much money is left on the ticket. A passenger who enters and exits the same station will be charged an "excursion fare". As of July 28, 2012, the fare was $5.25. Expansion. In the 2000s, BART was expanded to reach San Francisco International Airport. It now goes as far as Millbrae. Two other branch lines have opened since then. In 2014, BART opened a short line to Oakland International Airport that uses trains pulled by cables. An extension of the Pittsburg line to Antioch, which opened in 2018, uses diesel multiple units on standard gauge tracks instead of the electric, broad-gauge trains used on the main lines. A project is also going on to expand the southern main line into San Jose. The entire extension was supposed to be completed in 2018. Instead, the first new stations were opened on June 13, 2020 after breakdowns in communication and testing with the line. UMD UMD could mean: Universities: Betty Davis Betty Davis (July 26, 1944 – February 9, 2022) was an American funk-soul singer, famous in the 1970s. She was married to the star of Jazz Miles Davis, from where she took her surname. Davis died on February 9, 2022 at her home in Homestead, Pennsylvania from cancer at the age of 77. Let Go Let Go is singer Avril Lavigne's first album. It was released on June 04, 2002. It has sold 16 million copies, making it Lavigne's best-selling album so far. Anshan (Persia) Anshan (or Anzan, , modern: Tal-i Malyan) was an ancient town in what was then Elam empire (today's Iran) in the province Fars. The oldest settlement may have been as early as 5500 BC. History. Anshan was later ruled by the Achaemenid dynasty and became one of the primary cities of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. The Persian prince Teispes (675-640 BC) conquered the city and called himself "king of the city of Anshan" Anshan is a big archaeological place today containing around 200 hectares. Excavations (digs) carried out by the University of Pennsylvania took place in 1971, 1972, 1974, 1976 and 1978. University of Maryland, College Park The University of Maryland, College Park, often called simply the University of Maryland, is a public university in College Park, Maryland. It is the largest university in a group called the "University System of Maryland." History. In 1856, the Maryland Agricultural College was chartered. Sixty years later, the state of Maryland took control of the college and renamed it Maryland State University. In 1920, it joined several professional schools in the area to become the University of Maryland. It joined the Association of American Universities in 1925. Super Mario Strikers Mario Smash Football (called Super Mario Strikers in North America) is a 2005 football video game made by Next Level Games and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo GameCube game console. A sequel was made on the Wii called "Mario Strikers Charged Football". Mario Strikers Charged Mario Strikers Charged Football (called Mario Strikers Charged in North America) is a 2007 football video game made by Next Level Games and published by Nintendo for the Wii game console. Clubhouse Games Clubhouse Games is a 2006 video game published by Nintendo and developed by Agenda. It features 42 parlor games. It is for the Nintendo DS game console. Halifax Explosion The Halifax explosion took place on December 6, 1917 when the SS "Mont-Blanc", a French cargo ship loaded with explosives collided with the SS "Imo", a Norwegian ship in the harbour in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. 1,782 people were killed and over 9,000 people were injured. This was the largest man-made explosion in history until July 1945 when the first atomic bomb blew up. It is still the largest accidental explosion in history. People were said to here it from over 100km away! Kassite dynasty The Kassite dynasty was ruled by the Kassites. They were an obscure mountain tribe who came to power in Babylon after the collapse of the First Dynasty of Babylon in 1595 following a Hittite sack of the city, and became rulers of northern Babylonia. The Kassites. The Kassites (Persian: کاسی‌ها) were an ancient people from Zagros mountains. Kassites were a federation of several nomadic tribes living in the Zagros mountains, in modern Loristan (Iran). In the 18th century BCE, the Kassites started to infiltrate Mesopotamia, which was ruled by the successors of the famous king Hammurabi of Babylon (1792–1750). Kassites threatened Babylonia, which they captured in 1750 BC. The Kassite dynasty dominated Mesopotamia from the 16th to the 12th century BC. Importance of this empire. By turning southern Mesopotamia into a state, instead of a group of temple-cities, the Kassites made Babylonia an international power. They ruled Babylonia almost without interruption for about four hundred years — the longest rule by any dynasty in Babylonian history. Kassite kings established trade and diplomacy with Assyria, Egypt, Elam and the Hittites. The Kassite royal house intermarried with their royal families. There were foreign merchants in Babylon and other cities. Babylonian merchants traded from Egypt (a source of Nubian gold) to Assyria and Anatolia. Kassite weights and seals, the tools of trade, have been found in Thebes in Greece, in southern Armenia, and even in a shipwreck off the southern coast of today's Turkey. The Kassite kings set up a network of provinces administered by governors. Nippur, a formerly great city, had been virtually abandoned. It was rebuilt in the Kassite period, and became the most important provincial center. Under the Kassite government, the governor of Nippur ruled as a secondary (lesser) king. Some 13th century Kassite kings even took the title 'Governor of Nippur' for themselves. The Elamites conquered Babylonia in the 12th century , thus ending the Kassite state. The last Kassite king, Enlil-nadin-ahi, was taken to Susa and imprisoned there, where he died. However, Kassites survived as a distinct ethnic group in the mountains of Lorestan long after the Kassite state collapsed. Rhythm Tengoku is a Japan-only music video game/mini-game-collection. It was made by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance hand-held game console, and was later released in arcades. It was made by Nintendo's Research and Development 1. A sequel called "Rhythm Tengoku Gold" was released on the Nintendo DS in 2008. Gameplay. "Rhythm Tengoku" is a level-based music mini-game collection which has a total of five normal levels and one remix level for every set of levels, which total eight sets, 48 levels in all. The game is set up with mostly different levels - for example, the first level has the player punch objects and the second level has the player pluck hairs out of an onion, both in the beat to the music that they use. The player has to beat one level to go onto to the next. When he or she has beaten all five levels in a set, a remix appears, which is a level that has the five levels in the set remixed into one, using a different song. "Rhythm Tengoku" starts with a Rhythm Test that checks how well the player's beat is. In each level, the player's score at the end is figured out by how well he or she hits the beats. There are three types of hits: At the end of the level, the player is awarded one of three ranks - High Level, Mediocre, and Redo. If the player gets anything but Redo, the level is cleared, and getting High Level in a level gets the player a Perfect Campaign, which unlocks stuff in the "Bonus Corner" depending on how many the player unlocks. After the player beats enough levels, the game lets him or her try to get a perfect score, which gets the player a heart on the level he or she beats. The game tells the player when a level can have a heart won on it. Besides the main game, there are six side features - the Cafe, the Toys, the Games, the Drum Lessons, the Staff, and the Live mode. The Cafe is used for advice, while the Toys, Games, and Drum Lessons have unlockable mini-games that can be played. The Staff mode shows the game's credits, and Live is a mode where the player plays in a band and is the drummer. Drum Lessons. The Drum Lessons mode teaches the player how to play the drums in "Rhythm Tengoku". The teacher, Drum Samurai, shows the player a short song that he or she must copy exactly. Drums use all of the buttons except for Start and Select, each button being a different part of the drum. The player is shown how well he or she did at the end and is given a rank. The drums can be played in the Studio mode, where the player can take any song in the game and play the drums to it. The drums are also used in the Live mode. Music. All music tracks in the game was made for it by Tsunku, the game's composer. Because the Game Boy Advance can only do so much, most of the music is limited, and only a few songs have lyrics. A soundtrack was released on October 15, 2008 with 140 songs from this game and its sequel, "Rhythm Tengoku Gold". Development. Tsunku contributed more than 30 soundtracks, and worked with Nintendo's Yoshio Sakamoto in making the game. It was not known until the game's release that Tsunku was involved with the game, with the Drum Samurai being based on him. Because it was developed by R&D1, it looks like and plays like the "WarioWare" series. Reception. "Rhythm Tengoku" has received many positive reviews. EuroGamer called it "effortlessly entertaining," or that the game was very fun without putting too much work into it. Edge said it was a best takes on rhythm games and one of the last good Game Boy Advance games. "Rhythm Tengoku" received an Excellence Prize for Entertainment at the 10th annual Japan Media Arts Festival in 2006. By the end of 2006, "Rhythm Tengoku" sold a total of 282,879 copies and was the 43rd best-selling game of that year. Arcade version. Nintendo and Sega made an arcade version of "Rhythm Tengoku" that had multiplayer, which the Game Boy Advance version did not have. It has all the same levels as in the Game Boy Advance version, but it has a new mode that lets the first six games be played at a faster tempo. Sequel. Nintendo released a sequel to "Rhythm Tengoku" called "Rhythm Heaven" for the Nintendo DS. It's made by the same people who made this game. It uses the DS' touch screen instead of the buttons, and the DS is held sideways. While "Rhythm Tengoku" has only been sold in Japan, the second game came out in the United States, Europe, and Australia. Another game was made called "Rhythm Heaven Fever" for the Wii. Rhythm Heaven Rhythm Heaven is a music video game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS handheld game console. It is the sequel to "Rhythm Tengoku". Gameplay. "Rhythm Heaven" only uses the touch screen on the DS to play the stages. In the stages, the player has to do what the game wants him or her to, like in a level where the player has a song in the background, and has to fill robots with a liquid to send it off. The robot goes on a conveyer belt, and the player has to drop the nozzle to the beat of the music and try to get it to land on its head. Then, the player has to hold it there until the robot fills up and flies away. If the player does it right, he or she gets a perfect hit. If the player overfills, underfills, or barely misses, it's a half-hit. If the player misses completely, it's a miss. At the end, the player is ranked, either getting a Perfect Level, Mediocre, or a Miss. The touch screen can do a lot of stuff, like a "flick" motion where the player flicks in a direction with the stylus or just touch the screen. The first stage has the player flicking a screw using a spring to the beat of the music. At the right moment, the player has to flick the screw into two squares as they roll down the level at the right time to make them come together. There's a mode called Guitar Lessons that's like the Drum Lessons in "Rhythm Tengoku". Music. Like in "Rhythm Tengoku", Tsunku made the music for this game. A soundtrack released on October 15, 2008 with 140 songs from this game and "Rhythm Tengoku", which came before this game. Caricature A caricature (from the Italian "caricatura", which means "loaded portrait") is a portrait or drawing of a person that exaggerates the way they look, usually to create a humorous effect, or a political statement. Cincinnati Red Stockings The Cincinnati Red Stockings of 1869 were baseball's first all-professional team. The team is in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Cincinnati Base Ball Club started in 1866 and played teams in the National Association of Base Ball Players 1867 to 1870. In 1969, Major League Baseball played those events officially by starting professional baseball. The Red Stockings established styles in team uniforms and team nicknames that have some currency even in the 21st century. They also have a particular color, red, as the color of Cincinnati (and serve as the use of "Red Sox" in Boston as well). Eddie Gaedel Edward Carl "Eddie" Gaedel (June 8, 1925– June 18, 1961) is a former professional baseball player. Gaedel played in his only major league game on August 19, 1951, against the Detroit Tigers. He got walked on four pitches in a row and was taken out of the game. Gaedel was officially listed as standing and weighing . Phở Phở is a traditional Vietnamese rice-noodle soup dish. It is served in a cup of tea. It has white rice noodles in beef broth with thin cuts of beef, vegetable, and spice such as chili or chili sauce. Sometimes, frog legs, shark intestines, snake heads, tendon, tripe, meatballs, chicken leg, chicken breast, or other organs (heart, liver, etc.) are also available. Pho that is cooked with chicken instead of beef is called phở gà. Phở is a very popular food in Vietnam. It was brought to many other countries when Vietnamese immigrants and refugees moved to those places. Making phở. Noodles. A special kind of noodle called "bánh phở" that is made from rice is used to make phở. It is flat and white. Broth. The broth is usually made from beef bones. Meat can also be used to make the broth. Also there are many spices (ginger, cardamom, cinnamon, star anise, clove) that are boiled too to make the broth. Vegetables. Onions, basil, chilis, and other vegetables can be added. Sauces. Sriracha (chili) sauce and hoisin sauce can be added to the phở. Some people also like to squeeze lime juice into their phở. Company A company is a type of business. The definition of the term varies by country. Some companies, usually larger ones, are organized as corporations. It is often a business organization which makes goods or services in an organized manner and sells them to the public for profit. It may also be a non-profit organization. A company may hire people to be the staff of the company. The term is also used more broadly for any group who work together, such as the crew of a ship or the cast of a play. Anti-social behaviour order An ASBO, or an Antisocial behaviour order, is a British legal term for an order that is sometimes served on people who often behave badly and have many complaints made against them because of their behaviour. The order is designed to stop them from being anti-social, which means causing distress or alarm (among other things) to other people that do not live in the same place as themselves, according to the Crime & Disorder Act. 1998. ASBO's were ended and replaced with "Injunctions" in 2015 Some types of anti-social behaviour are: An ASBO prohibits people from doing certain things, in certain times, in certain places. For instance, it might ban a person from gathering with certain friends in the park after 8 o'clock if that group of people have previously caused trouble together. There is also something called an ABC, which stands for an Acceptable Behaviour Contract, and are often used to make sure people try to be "nice". It is flexible, and can be used in serious situations as well as low key ones. Sometimes the ASBO can seem quite unusual when it is used to stop certain people from doing things, for example: Massacres of Foibe The Massacres of Foibe are the mass killings in which the majority of victims were ethnic Italians in 1943, after the capitulation of Italy on 8 September, and in 1945, when Yugoslav partisans under the command of Tito occupied parts of Venezia Giulia, Istria and Dalmatia. Historians have claimed the violence and consequent Italian Istrian-Dalmatian exodus was a planned ethnic cleansing. National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe is Italian celebration in memory of the victims. Number of killed Italian citizens. The estimate is several thousand killed Italian citizens. According to a report issued in 2000 by a mixed Slovene-Italian historical commission established in 1993, the number of people missing from the region, most of whom finished in the "foibe", alias local geological clefts, range from 1,300 to 1,600 but this estimate does not include those killed in current Croatian territory. Some of them were court-martialed fascists or enemy soldiers, but many civilian persons were also killed. The great majority of the persons killed were of Italian nationality. The killings beginning after the capitulation of Italy in 1943, and the massacres of 1945 occurred partly under conditions of guerrilla fighting of Slovenian and Croatian partisans with the German and remaining Italian Fascist forces, and partially after the occupation of the territory by the army formations of Yugoslavia. Killings may have included war crimes as well as civilian crimes of private or political retaliation, as well as "political cleansing" and planned ethnic cleansing since 1947. Also Italian communists with Slav partisans killed Italian people; in addition to the foibe, several other carnages committed by Italian communist partisans under Palmiro Togliatti's command in the resistance movement have remained unacknowledged and undiscussed for many years. Victims. Victims were not all Italians because many killed citizen were anticommunist Croats and Slovens: many women were raped before killing. Historians like Raoul Pupo or Roberto Spazzali estimated the total number of victims at about 5,000; Guido Rumici calculates from 11,000 upwards including all people died in concentration camps; Giampaolo Pansa calculates around 15,000 always including all people died in concentration camps; fascist politician and historian Giorgio Pisanò calculated total from 10,000 upwards. It was never possible to extract all the thousands of corpses from foibes because some of them are deeper than several hundreds meters. Until few years ago it had been able to extract from the pits just a small number of bodies, less than six hundred while other sources are attempting to compile lists of locations and possible victim numbers. Almost all historians calculate hundreds of victims real assassinated by hard pushes to foibe while the estimated number of total people killed in concentration camps is disputed and varies in thousands; probably only a part of total cadavers was hided in foibe but a lot of bodies were accumulated in mass graves. Main concentration camps were in: Borovnica, Skofja Loka, Osijek, Stara Gradiska, Sisak, Zemun, Vrsac, Osseh, Aidussina, Maribor. Investigations of the foibe. No investigation of the crimes had been initiated either by Italy, Yugoslavia or any international bodies, until after Slovenia became an independent country in 1991. Italian-Slovene relations in the relevant period (1880s to 1950s) have been under intensive study by historians since 1990. A joint report by a commission of historians from both countries was published under the auspices of the two governments in the year 2000. The report puts the Italian-Slovenian relations in a wider context. It touches also on the question of mass killings associated with the "foibe". As no exact count was ascertained, the report includes a wording of "hundreds of victims," referring to the territory relevant for Italo-Slovenian relations, and thus excluding the Croatian territories. Italian-Slovene relationships. Even since Slovenia joined the European Union the relations between the two nations are a matter of political debate. The debate gained high visibility after the Italian Parliament, under Prime Minister Berlusconi and his coalition partners of centre-right provenance, made 10 February a "National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe", first celebrated in Trieste in 2005. The 2005 celebration of the "Memorial Day" was accompanied by an RAI TV movie production The Heart in the Pit (It: "Il Cuore nel Pozzo") . The movie was viewed by 17 million spectators on its first broadcasting in Italy alone. Exiles from Istria and Dalmatia. Many Italians were forced to leave the country after massacres. Economic insecurity, fear of further retaliation and the change of regime that eventually led to the Iron Curtain splitting the Trieste-Istria region, resulted in approximately 350,000 people, mostly Italians, leaving territories in Istria and Dalmatia. The inhabitants of territories that were under Italian rule since World War I according to the Treaty of Rapallo of 1920, later assigned to Yugoslavia by the Paris Peace Treaty of 1947-02-10 and the London Memorandum of 1954 were given a choice of opting to leave (optants) or staying. These exiles were to be given compensation for their loss of property and other indemnity by the Italian state under the terms of the peace treaties. On February 18, 1983, Yugoslavia and Italy signed a treaty in Rome where Yugoslavia agreed to pay 110 million USD for the compensation of the exiles' property which was confiscated after the war. By its breakup in 1991 Yugoslavia paid 18 million USD. Slovenia and Croatia, two Yugoslav successors, agreed to share the remainder of this debt. Slovenia assumed 62% and Croatia the remaining 38%. Italy did not want to reveal the bank account number so in 1994 Slovenia opened a fiduciary account at Dresdner Bank in Luxembourg, informed Italy about it and started paying its 55,976,930 USD share. The last payment was paid in January 2002. Until today Croatia hopes for a different solution of this matter and has not paid a dollar yet. The Italian side has not withdrawn a single dollar from the account yet. Charge. In 1992 Italian judge Giuseppe Pittitto started a criminal trial after a complaint against suspected Slav criminals of war. Oscar Piskulic and Ivan Motika were both principal accused but they were discharged because territorial jurisdiction was rejected and they received acquittal under the amnesty of 1959. In 1997 some Italian deputies pressed their government for extradition of suspected Slav criminals but diplomatic problems stopped Italian action. All Italian historians consider Josip Broz Tito the chief of Slav criminals, but his corpse still stays in a mausoleum. References. Report of the Italian-Slovene commission of historians (in three languages) Istrian–Dalmatian exodus Istrian-Dalmatian exodus was the diaspora or forced migration of ethnic Italians from Istria, Fiume, and Dalmatia, after World War II. Those territories were ethnically mixed since the Middle Ages. Most people were Italians, but there were also Slovenian, Croatian, Serbian and other communities. National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe is Italian celebration in memory of all exiles and victims in massacres of Foibe: murdered and survived. Characteristics. Istria including Fiume (Rijeka) and parts of Dalmatia including Zara (zadar), had been annexed to Italy after World War I. At the end of World War II the former Italian territories in Istria and Dalmatia became part of Yugoslavia by the Paris Peace Treaty (1947), with the only exception being the communes of Muggia and San Dorligo della Valle. Italian sources claim that about 350,000 ethnic Italians had to leave the areas after the conflict. Official data shows that between 1948 and 1961 (the "exodus" started in 1943 in Dalmatia and in 1945 in the rest of the territory) the numbers of ethnic Italians living in Slovenia - almost exclusively in Slovenian Istria and along the Italian border - actually decreased by nearly -87% (from 25,451 to 3,072). The data for the Former Yugoslavia shows a decrease in the same years from 113,278 to 25,615. According to Slovenian historian Matjaž Klemenčič, "in 1953 only 36,000" (Italians) "lived in the region of former Yugoslavia, i.e. 16% of the Italian population before World War II. Italians also emigrated in later decades (most of them to the Australia, Canada, South America or the USA). Therefore their population declined in each subsequent census until 1981. We have to emphasize that the data of the Yugoslav census are unrealiable in relation to the real number if Italians, since many members of the Italian minority, for various reasons, chose 'Nationality Undeclared' or their regional identity (most as 'Istrians'). In the 1991 census there was a relatively large increase of Italians," (19,213 in the Regions of autochthonous settlements of Italians in Croatia) "compared to 1981 census" (15,132). "Many Italians who in previous census did not declare as such, declared themselves 'Italians' in 1991 because they counted on the help of Italy in forthcoming crises in the region". In some municipalities in Croatia in Slovenia, census data shows that there are still many Italians living in Istria, such as 66% of the population of Grisignano (519 Italians), 41% at Bertoniglia (652 Italians) and nearly 40% in Buie (2,118 Italians). Overview. The Italians in coastal Slovenia and Croatia were mostly an indigenous population (in 1910 they accounted for more than a third of the local inhabitants, while in Istria they were nearly 55%), bolstered by new arrivals or the so called "regnicoli", never well liked by the slavs by the indigenous Venetian-speaking Istrians, who arrived between 1918-1943, when Istria, Fiume, part of Dalmatia, and the islands of Cres (Cherso), Lussino, Lagosta, and Pelagosa (Palagruža) were part of Italy. Austrian 1910 census indicated approximately 182,500 people who listed Italian as their language of communication in what is now the territory of Slovenia and Croatia: 137,131 in Istria, 28,911 in Fiume/Rijeka (1918), 11,487 in Zara/Zadar, 5,000 in Dalmatia, while the Italian 1936 census indicated approximately 230,000 people who listed Italian as their language of communication in what is now the territory of Slovenia and Croatia, then part of the Italian state (ca. 194,000 in today’s Croatia and ca. 36,000 in today’s Slovenia). From the end of World War II until 1953, according to various data, between 250,000 and 350,000 people emigrated from these regions. Some thousands were Slovenes and Croats who opposed the Communist government in Yugoslavia, while most were ethnic Italians, the so-called "optanti" emigrants who were living permanently in this region on 10 June 1940 and who expressed their wish to obtain Italian citizenship and emigrate to Italy. The emigration of Italians greatly reduced the total population of the region and totally altered its ethnic structure. In 1953, officially, only 36,000 Italians lived in Yugoslavia, 16% of the Italian population before World War II. In its 1996 report on 'Local self-government, territorial integrity and protection of minorities' the Council of Europe's European Commission for Democracy through Law (the Venice Commission) put it that "a great majority of the local Italians, Italianites (of Slavic and other origin), many thousands of Slovenes and of nationally undefined bilingual 'Istrians' used their legal right from the peace treaty to 'opt out' of the Yugoslav controlled part of Istria. In several waves they moved to Italy and elsewhere (also overseas) and claimed Italian or other citizenship. The mass exodus of the optanti (or "esuli" as they were called in Italy) from 'godless communist Yugoslavia' was actively encouraged by the Italian authorities, Italian radio and the Roman Catholic bishop of Trieste. After this huge drain, the numerical strength of the remaining Italian minority became stable". History. Ancient times. Evidence of Italic people living alongside those from other ethnic groups on the eastern side of the Adriatic as far north as the Alps goes back at least to the Bronze Age, and the populations have been mixed ever since. A 2001 population census counted 23 languages spoken by the people of Istria. Istria and Dalmatia were fully latinized at the fall of the Roman empuire in the fifth century. From the Middle Ages onwards numbers of Slavic people near and on the Adriatic coast were ever increasing, due to their expanding population and due to pressure from the Turks pushing them from the south and east. This led to Italic people becoming ever more confined to urban areas in Dalmatia, while the countryside was populated by Slavs, with certain isolated exceptions. But Istria remained fully Italian until the Ottoman invasion in the sixteenth century. The original majority Italian population suffered economic and political disadvantages, which gradually increased with the Austro-Hungarian empire in the 19th century. This created a strong emigration: in Dalmatia the Dalmatian Italians were 25% in 1815, but a century later in 1915 they were only 2%. World War I and the Post-War Period. In 1915, the Italians attacked the Austro-Hungarian Empire leading to bloody conflict mainly on the Isonzo and Piave fronts. Britain, France and Russia had been "keen to bring neutral Italy into World War One on their side. Italy however drove a hard bargain, demanding extensive territorial concessions once the war had been won". In a deal to draw Italy into the war, under the London Pact, Italy was granted Trentino, Trieste, (the German-speaking) South Tyrol, and Istria including large non-Italian communities. But Dalmatia was excluded, as was Rijeka. In Dalmatia, not granted to Italy by the London pact, Italy gained the city of Zadar and some islands. After World War I, under the Treaty of Rapallo between the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Kingdom of Yugoslavia) and the Kingdom of Italy (12 November 1920), Italy obtained all of Istria with Trieste, the exception being the island of Krk and part of Kastav commune, which went to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. By the Treaty of Rome (27 January 1924) the Free state of Fiume was split between Italy and Yugoslavia. World War Two. After the Wehrmacht invasion of Yugoslavia (6 April 1941), the Italian zone of occupation was further expanded. Italy annexed large areas of coastal Yugoslavia (including most of coastal Dalmatia) and Slovenia (including its capital Ljubljana). After the Second World War, there were large-scale movements of people choosing to move to Italy rather than live in Yugoslavia. In Yugoslavia, the people who left were called "optanti", which translates as 'choosers', while they call themselves "esuli" or exiles. Their motives for leaving may have been fear of reprisals and murders, economic motives, or ethnically based. The foibe massacres. When the Fascist regime collapsed in 1943 reprisals against Italian fascists and civilians (even Italian communists) took place. At least 200 Italians were killed by Tito's resistance movement in September 1943; some had been connected to the fascist regime, while others were victims of personal hatred or the attempt of the partisan resistance to get rid of its real or supposed enemies. These events took place in central and eastern Istria, as well as in Slovenian Primorska.<br> The second wave of anti-Italian violence took place after occupation of Slav army in May 1945. This was known as the foibe massacres; actually it was a reenaction of what had been already began in 1943 but in larger scale. Many Italian sources claim that these killings were ethnic cleansing and genocide: Italian people were forced to mass migration by Tito supporters. The mixed Italian-Slovenian Historical Commission, established in 1995 by the two governments to investigate the matters, described the 1945 killings: The number of victims is not certain. The Italian historian Raoul Pupo suggests 4,500 were killed (including the events of 1943), mostly Italians, but many bodies wearing Partisan uniforms were found as well, so the number is subject to many interpretations. Other sources suggest numbers reaching up to 30,000 killed or missing. Exodus. Economic insecurity, ethnic hatred and the international political context that led to the Iron Curtain resulted in about 350,000 people, mostly Italians, choosing to leave the region. The London Memorandum of 1954 gave to the ethnic Italians the choice of either opting to leave (the so-called "optants") or staying. These exiles were to be given compensation for their loss of property and other indemnity by the Italian state under the terms of the peace treaties. Following the exodus, the areas were settled with Yugoslav people. Periods. The exodus took place between 1943 and 1960; Italians allege that most of their numbers left in The first period took place after the surrender of the Italian army and the beginning of the first wave of anti-fascist violence. The second period was soon after the end of the war and approximately around the time of the second wave of anti-fascist violence. The Wehrmacht was engaged in a front-wide retreat from the Yugoslav Partisans, along with the local collaborationist forces (the Ustaše, the Domobranci, the Chetniks, and units of Mussolini's puppet Italian Social Republic). The third period took place after the Paris peace treaty, when Istria was assigned to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, except for a small area in the northwest part that formed the independent Free Territory of Trieste. The fourth period took place after the Memorandum of Understanding in London. It gave provisional civil administration of Zone A (with Trieste), to Italy, and Zone B to Yugoslavia: in 1975 the Treaty of Osimo finally divided the former Free Territory of Trieste. Estimates. Several estimates of the exodus by historians: The mixed Italian-Slovenian Historical Commission verified 27,000 Italian and 3,000 Slovene migrants, but only from Slovenian territory. Famous exiles. In the list are persons who worked in other places before the war and are also considered exiles due to their properties being confiscated by the communist dictatorship under Josip Broz. Famous postwar exiles from territories include: Property reparation. On February 18, 1983 Yugoslavia and Italy signed a treaty in Rome. Yugoslavia agreed to pay US$110 million for the compensation of the exiles' property which was confiscated after the war in the Zone B of Free Territory of Trieste. Up to its breakup in 1991, Yugoslavia had paid US$18 million. Slovenia and Croatia, two Yugoslav successors, agreed to share the remainder of this debt. Slovenia assumed 62% and Croatia the remaining 38%. Italy did not want to reveal the bank account number so in 1994 Slovenia opened a fiduciary account at Dresdner Bank in Luxembourg, informed Italy about it and started paying its US$55,976,930 share. The last payment was due in January 2002. Until today, the solution of the matter between Croatia and Italy has been delayed. None of the refugees from the Free Territory of Trieste saw a single penny so far. Historical debate. It has been established that Foibe massacres were been used by Slav communists for ethnic-political cleansing. In fact, foibe massacres and exodus were described as a democide and an ethnic-political cleansing by Italian president Giorgio Napolitano. Slovenian historian Darko Darovec writes: For the mixed Italian-Slovenian Historical Commission: Kochi, India Kochi is a city in the state of Kerala, in India. It used to be called Cochin. It is also called the "Queen of the Arabian Sea". Geography. The city has the second-highest population in the state after the capital city of Kerala, Trivandrum. Kochi is the financial and commercial hub of the state. Kochi has a very old synagogue. It is usually called by the name Ernakulam, which is the mainland part of the city. Most regions in Kochi are at sea level. It has a coastline of almost . Kochi is the seat of the High Court of Kerala. History. Kochi was an important spice trading centre on the west coast of India from the 14th century onward, and maintained a trade network with Arab merchants from the pre-Islamic era. Occupied by the Portuguese in 1503, Kochi was the first of the European colonies in colonial India. It remained the main seat of Portuguese India until 1530, when Goa was chosen instead. The city was later occupied by the Dutch and the British, with the Kingdom of Cochin becoming a princely state. Tourism. Kochi ranks first in the total number of international and domestic tourist arrivals in Kerala. The city was ranked the sixth best tourist destination in India according to a survey by the Nielsen Company on behalf of the Outlook Traveller magazine. Economy. Kochi was one of the 28 Indian cities among the emerging 440 global cities that will contribute 50% of the world GDP by the year 2025, in a 2011 study done by the McKinsey Global Institute. In July 2018, Kochi was ranked the topmost emerging future megacity in India by global professional services firm JLL. Italian cultural and historic presence in Dalmatia Italian cultural and historic presence in Dalmatia is related to the Italian influence in Dalmatia (now divided between Croatia, Herzegovina and Montenegro) from the historical and cultural points of view. Historical Influence. The historical influence from the Italian peninsula in Dalmatia started with the Roman conquest of Illyrian Dalmatia. The historian Theodore Mommsen stated in his book "History of Rome" that all Dalmatia was fully Romanised and Latin speaking by the fourth century. The actual Dalmatians may in part trace their origins back to the Romanised Illyrians during the "Barbarian Invasions" of the fifth and sixth centuries when Avars with some Slavs invaded Illyria. This invasion opened the way to the settlement of different Slavic tribes (mainly the "Croats"). During those years the original Latin population took refuge in the coastal cities and in the islands, whilst other migrated to the mountains (they were later called "Morlachs"). So, in the early Middle Ages, the coastal area of Dalmatia retained its original Latinized culture, mainly on the islands and cities such as Zara, Spalato, Ragusa and Cattaro. These cities during the Middle Ages were called "Citta' marittime di Dalmazia" (Dalmatian maritime neolatin cities) and maintained deep cultural and commercial links with the Italian mainland, thanks to intense commerce through the Adriatic sea. Starting from the tenth century the Republic of Venice imposed its influence on Dalmatia, gradually assimilating the neolatin Dalmatians while the local Slavs maintained their language. The Republic of Venice controlled most of Dalmatia from 1420 to 1797. During that period, part of its Slavic population was italianised. The Venetian possessions were called "Venetian Dalmatia" and enjoyed a flourishing period of economic bonanza with huge development of the arts and culture. Dalmatia was greatly influenced by the Italian Renaissance and many buildings, churches and cathedrals were done in those years, from Zara and Spalato to Sebenik and Ragusa. In these centuries, the Venetian language became the "lingua franca" of all Dalmatia, assimilating the Dalmatian language of the Romanised Illyrians and influencing partially the coastal Croatian language ("Chakavian") and the Albanian language. Zara was the capital of the Venetian Dalmatia, a role that it has maintained through the successive centuries (during WWII it was the capital of the Italian "Governatorato di Dalmazia"). In those centuries, the most southern area of Dalmatia was called Albania veneta, now called coastal Montenegro. After the fall of the Republic of Venice in 1797 to the Napoleon Armies, the Dalmatia was incorporated briefly (1805-1809) in the "Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy". In those years the scholastic system was expanded to all the population (following the ideals of the French Revolution) and the Italian language was instituted as the official language in the schools of Dalmatia. When Austria occupied Dalmatia there was a revival of the Slav people inside Dalmatia. As a consequence, the Italian (venetian speaking) population, that was (according to the Italian linguist Bartoli) nearly one third of the Dalmatians in the second half of the XVIII century, according to the Austrian census decreased from 22% in 1816 to 12.5% in 1853 and a mere 2.9% in 1910. After WWI, by the Treaty of London, Italy obtained Zara and some northern Dalmatian islands (Cherso and Lussino). During WWII the Kingdom of Italy annexed, to the newly created "Governatorato di Dalmazia", most of Dalmatia. In 1942 there were 4020 Italians in these newly annexed areas: 2220 in Spalato (Split), 300 in Sebenico (Sibenik), 500 Cattaro (Kotor) and 1000 Veglia (Krk). Furthermore there were in the Governatorato 10000 Italians who took the Yugoslav citizenship after WWI, in order to remain there and be accepted without problems by the new Yugoslavian regime after the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. After WWII Italy lost all the territories in Dalmatia, and more than 22000 Dalmatian Italians exiled mainly in Italy. There are still some Dalmatian Italians in Dalmatia: 300 in Croatia and 500 in Montenegro. In Zara the small Dalmatian Italian community only in September 2012 has been allowed to have a kindergarten for Italian speaking children That means that in only one hundred years (from the 1850s to the 1950s) the Dalmatian Italians decreased from 45000 in the 1857 Austrian Census to less than one thousand in the last Croatian and Montenegrin Census. Cultural Influence. The cultural influence from the Italian peninsula is extremely important in Dalmatia since the Roman times. It has increased to influence totally the dalmatian culture during the times of the Republic of Venice and the Italian Renaissance. Indeed, the "British Encyclopedia" states that: "the monuments left in Dalmatia by the Romans are numerous and precious. They are chiefly confined to the cities; for the civilization of the country was always urban, just as its history is a record of isolated city-states rather than of a united nation. Beyond the walls of its larger towns, little was spared by the barbarian Goths, Avars and Slavs; and the battered fragments of Roman work which mark the sites of Salona, near Spalato, and of many other ancient cities, are of slight antiquarian interest and slighter artistic value. Among the monuments of the Roman period, by far the most noteworthy in Dalmatia, and, indeed, in the whole Balkan Peninsula, is the Palace of Diocletian at Spalato. Dalmatian architecture was influenced by Constantinople in its general character from the 6th century until the close of the tenth. The oldest memorials of this period are the vestiges of three basilicas, excavated in Salona, and dating from the first half of the 7th century at latest. Then from Italy came the Romanesque. The belfry of S. Maria, at Zara, erected in 1105, is first in a long list of Romanesque buildings. At Arbe there is a beautiful Romanesque campanile which also belongs to the 12th century; but the finest example in this style is the cathedral of Trail. The 14th century Dominican and Franciscan convents in Ragusa are also noteworthy. Romanesque lingered on in Dalmatia until it was displaced by Venetian Gothic in the early years of the 15th century. The influence of Venice was then at its height. Even in the relatively hostile republic of Ragusa the Romanesque of the custom-house and Rectors' palace is combined with Venetian Gothic, while the graceful balconies and ogee windows of the Prijeki closely follow their Venetian models. In 1441 Giorgio Orsini of Zara, summoned from Venice to design the cathedral of Sebenico, brought with him the influence of the Italian Renaissance. The new forms which he introduced were eagerly imitated and developed by other architects, until the period of decadence - which virtually concludes the history of Dalmatian art - set in during the latter half of the 17th century. Special mention must be made of the carved woodwork, embroideries and plate preserved in many churches. The silver statuette and the reliquary of St Biagio at Ragusa, and the silver ark of St Simeon at Zara, are fine specimens of Italian jewellers' work, ranging in date from the 11th or 12th to the 17th century". In the XIX century the cultural influence from Italy originated the creation in Zara of the first dalmatian newspaper, edited in Italian and Croat: "Il Regio Dalmata - Kraglski Dalmatin". It was founded and published by the Italian Bartolomeo Benincasa in 1806. The Regio Dalmata - Kraglski Dalmatin was stamped in the tipography of Antonio Luigi Battara and was the first done in Croat language. The cultural influence from Italy is clearly evident in the urbanization plans of the main Dalmatian cities in the XIX/XX centuries. One of the best examples is the one of Split/Spalato. In 1880 Antonio Bajamonti (the last Dalmatian Italian Major of Spalato under Austrian rule) developed an urbanization project of this city centered on the "Riva", a seaside walkway full of palms based on the Italian Riviera models. Even today the Riva (with cafe bars) is used by the locals to stroll in a typical Italian way from the "Palace of Diocletian" toward an old square called locally "Pjaca" (or square in venetian). Even in music the Italian influence was very strong in Dalmatia Perasto: an enduring example. An enduring example of the Italian cultural and historic presence in Dalmatia is the small town of Perasto (actually Perast in montenegrin language) in coastal Montenegro. Perasto was at its peak in the 18th century under the Republic of Venice, when it had as many as four active shipyards, a fleet of around one hundred ships, and 1,643 residents. At that time the most beautiful buildings arose in this fortified town. Many ornate baroque palaces and magnificent dwelling-houses decorated the town of Perast (Perasto), full of typical venetian architecture. Perasto had the privilege to keep war-flag of the Venetian Navy in the peace time (it was called "La fedelissma Gonfaloniera") . The sailormen of Perasto were involved in the last battle of the Venitian navy, fought in Venice in 1797 . At the fall of the "Serenissima" (1797) Perasto was the last city of the Repubblic to lower the Venetian flag. On 12 May 1797, the Republic of Venice ended, but a few places in the Albania veneta for several months still continued to remain loyal to the Venetian Repubblic: Perasto was the last place of the Republic to surrender. On 22 August 1797 the Count Giuseppe Viscovich, Captain of Perasto lowered the Venetian war-flag of the Lion of Saint Mark pronouncing the farewell words in front of the crying people of the city and buried the "Gonfalon of Venice" under the altar of the main church of Perasto. The population has since decreased to 430 in 1910 and around 360 today. According to the "Comunita' nazionale italiana del Montenegro", in Perast actually there are 140 persons who still speak at home the original venetian dialect of Perasto (called "veneto da mar"), and call themselves in the census "Montenegrins". Frugivore A frugivore is an animal that prefers to eat fruit. Plant and frugivore relationship. The fruit is part of a plant's sexual reproduction cycle. Plants spend a lot of energy and nutrients in creating fruit. Fruit is produced to attract animals into eating the fruit. The animal digests the pulp but not the seeds, ensuring the plant's genes are spread wherever the animal goes. Seeds can also be germinated by falling near the mother plant. Some seeds must pass through the digestive system (the stomach and intestines) before they can germinate. Frugivores have also evolved in different ways to eat different fruit; some use teeth, others long beaks or short beaks. Examples of frugivores. Many birds eat both fruits and insects which makes them omnivores. Mammals may eat both fruits and protein, or eat mostly fruit or nectar, such as many bats. One primate group is essentially herbivore/frugivore, the Owl Monkeys. They live in a non-seasonal area of the Amazon that supports a constant supply of fruiting trees. Elsewhere, an exclusively frugivore diet is impossible and is supplemented by insects or rougher plant matter. Some people say that humans are frugivores; this is unlikely given the evolution of man in the dry tropical region of the Rift Valley. However, the climate in the Rift valley at the time of our evolution was likely a tropical rainforest. That said, almost all primates and even carnivores will travel great distances to feast when a fruit tree has dropped its ripened fruit. Many species will remember the exact fruiting date and location of a fruiting tree which highlights fruits great nutritional benefit. Some people promote a frugivore diet for humans. Other websites. View on diet and health at NHE Self-Health Care Systems: Biological Adaptations Italian language in Croatia The Italian language is the third most spoken language (after Croatian and Serbian) in the Republic of Croatia today. It is an officially recognized minority language in Istria County (where it is spoken by 7.69% of the population). Speaker Population. The 2001 census in Croatia reported 19,636 ethnic Italians in the country (some .44% of the total population). Ethnologue reported 70,000 speakers in 1998: 40,000 ethnic Italians and 30,000 ethnic Croats and Istrian people. Native Italian speakers are largely concentrated along the Adriatic coast. In addition, roughly 120,000 Italian tourists visit Croatia each year, so many in the service and tourist industries have some knowledge of the language.As the 3/4 of the Italian community is concentrated in Istria, according to Ethnologue's estimates ( 70.000 ), at least 20% of the population of Istria is Italian mother tongue, although many simply declare themselves as Istrian. Historically, the language had a much larger population than it does now. Italians have lived on the Adriatic coast for hundreds of years, and Istria was part of the Kingdom of Italy from 1919 until 1947. However the Istrian exodus after the Second World War and Yugoslavian ethnic cleansing in the form of the Foibe massacres forced the greater part of the Istrian Italians to flee to Italy. During the Italian exodu, about 350000 people left Istria, Dalmatia and the isles of Croatia. Italian in Use. Government services are provided in Italian and Croatian in Istria County, including the official government website (which is also available in English). There are four Italian-language schools in Istria: primary schools in Buje (Buie) and Novigrad (Cittanova) and secondary schools in Pula (Pola) and Rovinj (Rovigno). Objectivism (Ayn Rand) Objectivism is a philosophy that was started by Ayn Rand. It has four main ideas: 1. Everything that exists has an identity. This identity does not depend on how people think about it or talk about it. This is also true for things like feelings or ideas. It says that a thing is the thing which it is, or "A is A." What people learn about the things that exist comes both from the identity of the things themselves and from the way that people observe (see) and think about what they have observed. 2. Reason is how a person knows that what he thinks or believes is true. A person cannot make something true just by wanting it to be true or by mysticism. Only rational, logical thinking can produce the best outcome. This means recognizing that a thing is the thing it is, and to not confuse it with things which it is not. 3. It is good to be happy, and it is good for a person to try to be happy. People should always try to improve their lives and be happy in the long term, so that they are happy now and in the future. People should not hurt others to try to be happy, but they also should not hurt themselves to try to make other people happy. People should also not make themselves less happy to help something like God. Ayn Rand called this "rational self-interest". 4. If governments or criminals take things away from people, or try to make people do things they do not want to do, it does damage to everybody. Ayn Rand thought that governments should only be able to protect people from violence, theft, fraud, and other actions that go against people's rights. This includes laissez-faire capitalism and is sometimes called libertarianism. She first told people these ideas in her novels "The Fountainhead" and "Atlas Shrugged". She talked about them more in "The Objectivist Newsletter", "The Objectivist", "The Ayn Rand Letter", "Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology" and "The Virtue of Selfishness". Dike (goddess) Dike is the Greek goddess of moral justice for human being. Dalmatia Dalmatia is a region of the Balkan Peninsula along the Adriatic Sea. It mostly belongs to Croatia. It goes from the island of Pag in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor (in Montenegro) in the southeast. Konrad Lorenz Konrad Zacharias Lorenz (Vienna, 7 November 1903 – Vienna, 27 February 1989) was an Austrian zoologist, naturalist, ornithologist and Nobel Prize winner. He is one of the founders of studies on animal behaviour (ethology). Lorenz studied instinctive behavior in animals, especially in Greylag geese and jackdaws. Biography. In his autobiographical essay, published in 1973 in "Les Prix Nobel" (people who win the Nobel Prize are asked to write essays about their lives), Lorenz said that his parents were the main reason he was so successful. He also said that a book by Selma Lagerlof called "The Wonderful Adventures of Nils" that he read as a child was the reason he became interested in wild geese. Lorenz began his studies in 1922 at Columbia University, but he returned to Vienna in 1923 to continue his studies at the University of Vienna until 1928. At this university he became an assistant professor from 1928 to 1935. In 1936, Lorenz met his great friend and colleague Niko Tinbergen. Together they studied geese – wild, domestic, and hybrid. In 1940 Lorenz became a professor of psychology at the University of Königsberg. He was drafted into the Wehrmacht in 1941. He tried to become a motorcycle mechanic, but instead he was assigned as a medic. He was a prisoner of war in the Soviet Union from 1942 to 1948. During this time, he continued to work as a medical doctor and "got quite friendly with some Russians, mostly doctors". When he was sent back home after the war, he was allowed to keep both the manuscript of the book he had been writing and his pet starling. He arrived back in Altenberg "with manuscript and bird intact." The manuscript became his book "Behind the Mirror". Lorenz shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for discoveries in individual and social behavior patterns" with two other important early ethologists, Niko Tinbergen and Karl von Frisch. In 1969, he became the first person to receive the Prix mondial "Cino Del Duca". Lorenz retired from the Max Planck Institute in 1973 but continued to research and publish from his family home, in Austria. Konrad Lorenz died on 27 February 1989, in Altenberg. Politics. Lorenz joined the Nazi Party in 1938 and accepted a university position under Nazi Germany. In his application for membership to the Nazi-party NSDAP he wrote in 1938: "I'm able to say that my whole scientific work is devoted to the ideas of the National Socialists." When he accepted the Nobel Prize in 1973, Lorenz apologized for a 1940 publication that included Nazi views of science, saying that "many highly decent scientists hoped, like I did, for a short time [that] National Socialism [would produce good results], and many quickly turned away from it with the same horror as I [did]." Lorenz' ideas. Together with Niko Tinbergen, Lorenz formed the idea of an innate releasing mechanism to explain instinctive behaviors (fixed action patterns). Building on the ideas of William McDougall, Lorenz developed this into a "psychohydraulic" explanation of the motives (reasons) of behavior. Another contribution is his work on imprinting. His influence on a younger generation of ethologists, as well as his books, were important in bringing ethology to the attention of the general public. Lorenz' vision of the challenges facing humanity. Lorenz predicted that market economics could eventually destroy Earth's ecosystem. In his 1973 book, "Civilized Man's Eight Deadly Sins", Lorenz considered the following paradox: Lorenz adopts an ecological model to attempt to explain how this contradiction can exist: In nature, these mechanisms tend towards a 'stable state' among the living beings of an ecology: Lorenz states that humanity is the only species that is not controlled by these mechanisms. This is because humans are the only species that can change its own environment: "[The pace of human ecology] is determined by the progress of man's technology". Not only that, but human ecology (economy) is governed by mechanisms of positive feedback, defined as a mechanism which tends to encourage behavior rather than to discourage it. p43 Lorenz does not see human independence from natural ecological processes as necessarily bad. Indeed, he states that "a completely new [ecology] which corresponds in every way to [humanity's] desires... could, theoretically, prove as durable as that which would have existed without his intervention" p36. However, the principle of competition, typical of Western societies, destroys any chance of this: In this book, Lorenz proposes that the best hope for mankind lies in our looking for mates based on the kindness of their hearts rather than good looks or wealth. Philosophical ideas. In his 1973 book "Behind the Mirror: a search for a natural history of human knowledge", Lorenz considers an old philosophical question: Do our senses actually tell us about the world as it is? Or do they only give us an illusion? Lorenz' answer comes from evolutionary biology. Only things that help a species to survive and reproduce are kept. Anything that does not benefit a species is quickly removed through the process of natural selection. Lorenz argued that if our senses gave us wrong information about our environment, humanity would soon be extinct. Therefore we can be sure that our senses give us correct information, for otherwise we would not be here to be deceived. Books and essays. Lorenz's best-known books are "King Solomon's Ring" and "On aggression", both written for a popular audience. His scientific work appeared mainly in journal articles, written in German; they became widely known to English-speaking scientists through the descriptions of it in Tinbergen's 1951 book "The study of instinct", though many of his papers were later published in English translation in the two volumes titled "Studies in animal and human behaviour". Virtualization Virtualization (or Virtualisation) is a word used in computing. Virtualization means that the users (programs, or real people) only see an abstraction of a computer resource. Virtualization can be done in software, or with hardware. Dalmatian Italians Dalmatian Italians are Italians whose family comes from Dalmatia in today's Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Italian presence in Dalmatia. Dalmatian Italians are one of the historical ethnic groups of Dalmatia (in today's Republics of Croatia and Montenegro). They are direct descendants of the autochthonous population of the romanised Illyrians in present Dalmatia, since the Middle Ages when they lived in the Dalmatian City-states and surrounding islands. After the 1840s their ethnic group suffered from a constant trend of decreasing presence and now numbers only around 1,000 people. This group, though small in numbers, exerted an unproportionally significant and noteworthy influence on the region in the last centuries. Indeed the Dalmatian Italians were a fundamental presence in Dalmatia, when the process of political unification of the Italians, Croats and Serbs started at the beginning of the 19th century. The 1816 Austro-Hungarian census registered 66,000 Italian speaking people between the 301,000 inhabitants of Dalmatia, or 22% of the total dalmatian population. But in 2010 they were reduced to only a few hundreds. They are currently represented in Croatia and Montenegro by the "Italian National Community" () (CNI). The Italo-Croatian minorities treaty recognizes the "Italian Union" (Unione Italiana) as the political party officially representing the CNI in Croatia. The number of Dalmatian Italians in that country has fallen to 300, and the Italian Union concentrates on the Istrian region, including the city of Fiume (actual Rijeka), which is home to the vast majority of the Croatian Italian national minority numbering around 30,000 citizens. In Dalmatia the most important centres of the CNI are in Zara (actual Zadar), Spalato and Cattaro (Montenegro). History. Dalmatian Italians participated actively in the Union of Italy, called "Risorgimento". Many Dalmatian Italians tried to unite their cities (like Spalato) to the Kingdom of Italy after the end of WWI: the Incidents in Spalato were the most famous event related to their struggle. Some Dalmatian Italians, mostly living in Zara (actual Zadar), entered in the Italian government after WWI and promoted the conquest of coastal Dalmatia by Italian troops in 1941. Most of coastal Dalmatia was united to the Kingdom of Italy from April 1941 to September 1943, when were created the Provincia di Spalato and the Provincia di Cattaro while was enlargerd the Provincia di Zara. After WWII nearly all the 25.000 remaining Dalmatian Italians of Zara and the Italian "Governatorato di Dalmazia" were forced to leave Dalmatia during the Istrian-Dalmatian exodus. Nowadays one of the principal problems for the exiled is the prohibition to buy houses in Croatia for Italian people not resident in Croatia (and, of course, their request of payment for their properties lost in Dalmatia when forced to exile). Organizations and periodicals. Many Dalmatian Italians are organized in associations such as: The most popular periodical for Dalmatian Italians is "Il Dalmata", published in Trieste by Renzo de' Vidovich. Chukar The chukar ("Alectoris chukar") is a Eurasian upland gamebird in the pheasant family Phasianidae of the order Galliformes, gallinaceous birds. Other common names of this bird include 'Chukker' (sometimes misspelled as 'Chuker'), 'Chukar Partridge', 'Red-legged Partridge', 'Rock Partridge', 'Indian Hill Partridge', 'Chukka', 'Chukkar', 'Chukor', 'Chukore', 'Chikone', 'Kabk', 'Kau-Kau', and 'Keklik'. The Chukar is the National bird of Pakistan respectively.. Distribution. This partridge has its native range in Asia from Pakistan and Kashmir, and Afghanistan in the east to southeastern Europe in the west, and is closely related and similar to its western equivalent, the Red-legged Partridge, Alectoris rufa. It has been introduced widely, and became established in the United States, Canada, New Zealand and Hawaii. In Great Britain, hybrids between this species and the also introduced Red-legged Partridge are common. Soral Soral is a municipality of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland. The Matrix Reloaded The Matrix Reloaded is a 2003 movie written and directed by the Wachowski sisters. It is a sequel to "The Matrix" (1999). It is a prequel to "The Matrix Revolutions" and "The Matrix Resurrections". Plot. In this movie, the humans and the machines are at war. The machines have taken over everywhere except for the city of Zion, which is buried four kilometers below the surface. In this world, the machines have created the Matrix, which looks like the real world but it is a trick. A few hundred humans have been "unplugged" and see the real reality, which is dark and barren. The humans find out that the machines are digging to invade that area and they want to stop it. One group of humans, led by Morpheus, believe in something called the prophecy. They believe that The One (a human named Neo) will save the humans. Another group, led by Commander Jason Lock, believes that the prophecy does not make sense and try to defend Zion with ships and humans. Neo is called to see the Oracle. After he meets the Oracle, he gets into a fight with Smith. Smith is an old friend of his. He used to be an Agent, which meant that he was very powerful. However Neo defeated him at the end of the first movie. Smith says that he has new powers. He is able to touch someone and that someone becomes part of him. He and hundreds of these clones try to defeat Neo, but they are not very powerful and Neo beats them. Smith later touches someone named Bane. Now Smith controls an unplugged human, making him very dangerous. As Bane, Smith tries to kill Neo, but another human named the Kid accidentally stops that from happening when he comes to say goodbye to Neo. Later, the humans line all of their ships together. They hope to trigger their EMPs all at once to stop the machines (the EMP kills all electronics within their radius). Smith/Bane, on one of these ships, triggers the EMP before they are supposed to and ruins the attack. Neo and his crew try to fulfill the prophecy. They pick up a man named the Keymaker. They must get into a special room within a certain time limit. The power must be cut. The machines, which just beat back the surprise attack, attack one of the ships and the power comes back on. Trinity, Neo's girlfriend, gets into the system and turns off the power again. Neo meets a man named the Architect. He tells Neo that the prophecy is not true and that the machines will destroy Zion. It is The One's job to let it be destroyed and to pick new people to form a new Zion. The One must also touch the source. Neo learns that Trinity is in trouble and will die. Instead of doing what the Architect tells him, he saves Trinity. Morpheus is not happy that the war is not over yet. He says that the war should have been over when The One touched the source. Neo tells Morpheus what the Architect said. The machines attack the ship that Morpheus, Trinity, and Neo are on. They escape. Neo uses his powers to disable all the attacking machines, but falls unconscious. Another ship picks them up. The movie ends in the ship hospital room, where Bane and Neo are lying. Box office. The response to this movie was big. It made $91 million in its first weekend at the box office, beating out the $50 million record set by "Hannibal" (2001) for an R-rated movie. Its final total of $281 million in the United States was the highest ever for an R-rated movie until "The Passion of the Christ" (2004) beat it with $370 million. Get Smart Get Smart was a television series that was shown on NBC from September 18, 1965 to April 12, 1969. It was then shown on CBS from September 26, 1969, to September 11, 1970. It made fun of the secret agent genre. It starred Don Adams as Maxwell Smart, Barbara Feldon as Agent 99, and Edward Platt as the chief. Max Smart worked for a secret organization called CONTROL. Their enemy was KOAS. In 1980, a movie "The Nude Bomb" was released in theaters. In 1989, a television movie was shown called, "Get Smart, Again!". Because of the good success of the movie, FOX created a new TV series called "Get Smart", which featured Don Adams as Max Smart, now chief of CONTROL. A movie based on the series was released on June 20, 2008. It starred Steve Carell as Max Smart, Anne Hathaway as Agent 99 and Alan Arkin as the chief. Roger Ebert gave it good reviews. AFL–CIO The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, called the AFL-CIO, is a group of labor unions in the United States and Canada. There are 54 national different unions in the group, and they speak for over 10 million workers. It was started in 1955, when the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations joined after a long argument. From 1955 to 2005, almost all union workers in the U.S. were part of the AFL-CIO. However, in 2005, some large unions (like the Teamsters) left the AFL-CIO. The president of the AFL-CIO, Richard Trumka served from 2009 until his death on August 5, 2021. List of mathematical symbols The list below has some of the most common symbols in mathematics. However, these symbols can have other meanings in different contexts other than math. Jonas Brothers The Jonas Brothers were an American Christian Pop band from Wyckoff, New Jersey. It is made up of three brothers: Kevin Jonas, Joe, and Nick Jonas. They released four albums before disbanding: "It's About Time" in 2006, "Jonas Brothers" in 2007, "A Little Bit Longer" in 2008, and "Lines, Vines and Trying Times" in 2009. The band reunited in 2019, releasing the song "Sucker" as the lead single from their new album, "Happiness Begins". "Happiness Begins" entered at number one on the "Billboard" 200. "Sucker" became their first chart-topper. Artificial turf Artificial turf, or synthetic turf, is a man-made (something made by humans) surface made from synthetic materials, made to look like natural grass. It is most often used in arenas for sports that are normally played on grass. However, it is also used on lawns and in commercial applications. The main advantage of artificial turf is low cost of maintenance as there is no need to water it and trim it. Disadvantages include toxicity, limited lifetime, and the requirement for cleaning. Artificial turf is extremely popular in sporting industry - especially in US and regions where weather or heavy use makes it difficult to sustain high quality live turf. Artificial grass was first used in 1966 when it was installed in the Houston Astrodome, the world’s first domed indoor multipurpose sports stadium. During the stadium’s inaugural season in 1965 its real grass failed to grow. By the second half of the season the field conditions were so bad that they installed artificial grass, called "Astroturf". Environmental issues. There are several environmental concerns associated with artificial turf including loss of wildlife habitat, contaminated runoff, and migration of synthetic materials. Contaminants that are harmful to aquatic life, such as zinc, have been found in storm water runoff from artificial turf. Both infill particles and broken synthetic grass fibers can migrate away from yards or playing fields, contributing to microplastic pollution. Newgrange Newgrange is a Megalithic Passage Tomb at Newgrange, County Meath, Republic of Ireland. It was built about 3200 BC. The kidney shaped mound covers an area of over one acre and is surrounded by 97 kerbstones, some of which are decorated with megalithic art. The 19 metre long inner passage leads to a cruciform chamber with a corbelled roof. It is estimated that the construction of the Passage Tomb at Newgrange would have taken a work force of 300 at least 20 years. The passage and chamber of Newgrange are lit up by the winter solstice sunrise. A shaft of sunlight shines through the roof box over the entrance and penetrates the passage to light up the chamber. The dramatic event lasts for 17 minutes at dawn on the Winter Solstice and for a few mornings either side of the Winter Solstice. Admission to the Newgrange chamber for the Winter Solstice sunrise is by lottery, application forms are available at the Brú na Bóinne Visitor Centre. For the 2007 draw 28,106 applications were submitted. In September each year, 50 names are drawn with 2 places are awarded to each name drawn. Megalithic mounds. Megalithic mounds such as Newgrange entered Irish mythology as sídhe or fairy mounds. Newgrange was said to be the home of Oenghus, the god of love. The Passage Tomb at Newgrange was re-discovered in 1699 by the removal of material for road building. A major excavation of Newgrange began in 1962; the original facade of sparkling white quartz was rebuilt using stone found at the site. World heritage site. Newgrange has been designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO and attracts 200,000 visitors per year. There is no direct access to the Passage Tomb at Newgrange, access is by guided tour from the Brú na Bóinne Visitor Centre located close to the village of Donore, Co. Meath. The last tour of Newgrange is 90 minutes before closing time of the Visitor Centre. Newgrange chamber. Images from inside the chamber at Newgrange including the tri-spiral design on orthostat C10 which is probably the most famous Irish Megalithic symbol. It is often referred to as a Celtic design, but it was carved at least 2500 years before the Celts reached Ireland. At 12 inches in diameter the tri-spiral design is quite small in size, less than one-third the size of the tri-spiral design on the entrance stone. David Ortiz David Américo Ortiz Arias (born November 18, 1975 in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic) is a former Major League Baseball designated hitter who played for the Boston Red Sox. Ortiz used to play for the Minnesota Twins from -. Nicknamed "Big Papi" or "Señor Papi", Ortiz has played in four All-Star Games. He holds the Red Sox single-season record for home runs with 54, which he set during the 2006 season. He also won the 2010 Home Run DeCareer Early career. Ortiz graduated from Estudia Espaillat High School in the Dominican Republic and in he was signed by the Seattle Mariners who listed him as "David Arias" (possibly not understanding Spanish naming customs). In 1996, the Mariners received Dave Hollins from the Minnesota Twins for a player to be named later. Later that season, the Mariners announced that the player to be named later would be Arias. When Ortiz arrived in Minnesota, he informed the team that he preferred to be listed as "David Ortiz." He made his major league debut in September of 1997. After moving up and down from the majors to the minors, Ortiz hit .272 with 20 home runs and 75 RBI in , when the Twins lost in the American League Championship Series to the eventual World Series champions Anaheim Angels. Professional career. In 2003, Ortiz was traded to the Boston Red Sox. He hit 31 home runs that season. The Red Sox lost to the New York Yankees in the ALCS. Starting in 2004, however, Ortiz became known for his clutch hitting. He hit two walk-off home runs in the postseason. His first came when the Red Sox swept the Anaheim Angels in the American League Division Series. He hit another walk-off home run in Game 4 of the ALCS against the Yankees. And he also had a walk-off single in Game 5. He was named ALCS MVP. The Red Sox went on to win their first World Series since 1918. They won two more World Series championships in 2007 and 2013. In Game 2 of the 2013 ALCS against the Detroit Tigers, Ortiz hit a game-tying grand slam with two outs in the bottom of the eighth inning. Ortiz retired after the 2016 season. The Red Sox were swept by the Cleveland Indians in the ALDS that year. 2019 shooting. On June 9, 2019, Ortiz was shot in the Dominican Republic while at a club in Santo Domingo. Ortiz was "ambushed by a man who got off a motorcycle" and shot him in the back. He was hospitalized and underwent surgery. Mumtaz Mahal Arjumand Banu Begum (also called Mumtaz Mahal) was the second wife of Shah Jahan, the Mughal emperor. Mumtaz Mahal (meaning "Jewel of the palace" in Persian) was the nickname her husband gave to her. Life. Mumtaz Mahal was born in April 1593 in Agra, India. Her father was the Persian noble Abdul Hasan Asaf Khan, the brother of Nur Jahan, the Mughal Empress wife of Jahangir. Mumtaz betrothed (nikah) with shah jahan at the age of 14 in 1607 when Shah Jahan was 15, Shah Jahan, later married two other women.May 10, 1612 at the age of 19 the official marriage ceremony was held. Marriage. Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal were married for 19 years. They had thirteen children together. 7 of the children died at birth or at a very young age. Mumtaz travelled with Shah Jahan and his army as he carried out military campaigns. Mumtaz Mahal supported Shah Jahan and they respected each other very much. Mumtaz Mahal died on June 17, 1631 in Burhanpur in the Deccan (now in Madhya Pradesh) during the birth of their fourteenth child, a daughter named Gauhara Begum. Death. She had been with her husband as he was fighting a campaign in the Deccan Plateau. Her body was kept at Burhanpur in a walled pleasure garden known as Zainabad. A popular story says that on her deathbed, her last wish to the emperor was for a symbol or a monument to their love. She also asked her husband not to marry anyone else. The emperor promised immediately. Her body was buried in the Taj Mahal in Agra. It is also belived that Mumtaz Mahal died, aged 40, while giving birth to Gauhara Begum in Burhanpur, the cause of death being Postpartum hemorrhage, which caused considerable blood-loss after a painful labour of thirty hours. Contemporary historians note that Princess Jahanara, aged 17, was so distressed by her mother's pain that she started distributing gems to the poor, hoping for divine intervention and Shah Jahan, himself, was noted as being "paralysed by grief" and weeping fits. Effects. After she died, Shah Jahan went into mourning for 2 years. When he appeared again, his hair had turned white, his back was bent, and his face worn. Jahan's eldest daughter, Jahanara Begum, slowly brought him out of mourning and took the place of Mumtaz at court. Imam An imam (; ) is an Islamic leader, often the leader of a mosque and/or community. Similarly to spiritual leaders, the imam is the person who leads the prayer during Islamic gatherings. More often the community turn to the mosque imam, if they have an Islamic question. In smaller communities an imam could be the community leader based on the community setting. Shia Islam uses the term differently. Shiites give the title to only the one true leader of all the faithful. Earthsea Earthsea is a fictional place made by Ursula K. Le Guin for her short story "The Word of Unbinding" in 1964, but that became more famous in her book "A Wizard of Earthsea", first written in 1968. The books that follow "A Wizard of Earthsea" are "The Tombs of Atuan", "The Farthest Shore", "Tehanu", "Tales from Earthsea" and "The Other Wind". These are all set in the world of Earthsea OpenZaurus OpenZaurus is a Debian-based embedded Linux distribution for the Sharp Zaurus personal mobile tool PDA. Status. On April 26, 2007, it was announced that the OpenZaurus project was over. Future development efforts are to focus on the Ångström distribution for embedded systems. Dan Simmons Dan Simmons (born April 4, 1948 in Peoria, Illinois) is an American writer. He is best known for his Hugo Award-winning series called the Hyperion Cantos, and for his Locus Award-winning Ilium/Olympos cycle. He writes in genres such as science fiction, horror and fantasy. Hyperion Cantos The Hyperion Cantos is a series of science fiction books that were written by Dan Simmons. "Hyperion" received the Hugo Award for best novel in 1990 and "The Fall of Hyperion" was nominated for the Nebula Award for best novel in 1990. Three of the novels received the Locus Award for best science fiction novel: "Hyperion" (1990), "The Fall of Hyperion" (1991) and "The Rise of Endymion" (1998). The author recently said that a movie might be made about the series. Hyperion Hyperion is a Titan in Greek mythology. Hyperion may also mean: In science: In fiction: Hyperion (Simmons novel) Hyperion is a science fiction book that was written by Dan Simmons in 1989. It is the first book of his Hyperion Cantos series. The book won the Hugo Award award in 1989 for best novel. The Fall of Hyperion The Fall of Hyperion is the second science fiction book in his Hyperion Cantos series by Dan Simmons. It was written in 1990 and was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novel that same year. It was also nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Book in 1991. Endymion (Hyperion) Endymion is the third science fiction book written by Dan Simmons in his Hyperion Cantos series. The novel was extremely successful-within a year of its release, the book had been reprinted five times. The novel was nominated for the 1996 British Fantasy Award. The Rise of Endymion The Rise of Endymion is a 1997 science fiction book by Dan Simmons. It is the fourth and last book in his "Hyperion Cantos" series. The book was nominated for the 1997 British Fantasy Award and the 1998 Hugo Award for Best Book. Predicate logic In logic and philosophy, predicate logic is a system of mathematical logic. It uses predicates to express the state of certain things, which are "incomplete propositions" with a placeholder for objects or subjects that must be inserted in order to obtain a valid proposition. Predicate logic is different from propositional logic, in part because it has the concept of "quantifiers". A quantifier is used in conjunction with a variable (say "x") in order to talk about a general instance of x, and in doing so, this allows predicate logic to make statements about quantity. The best-known quantifiers are the "existential quantifier", represented by ∃, and the "universal quantifier", represented by ∀. The existential quantifier is used to express statements of the form "there exists", and is true precisely when there is at least one mathematical object from the universe of discourse that matches the predicate or formula. On the other hand, the universal quantifier is used to express statements of the form "for all", and is true precisely when all possible mathematical objects of the universe of discourse match the specified predicate or formula. In the notation of predicate logic, quantifiers directly precede (and thus introduce) variable names, which are then followed by other quantifiers or mathematical expressions, where the said variables are found. For example. one can use the expression formula_1 to mean "there is a person "x" such that for all persons "y", y likes x" ("everyone is liked by someone."). Examples. formula_2 can be read as: "There is at least one cat which is black, and which likes (one or more) dogs." formula_3 can be read as: "It is not true that every cat doesn't like any dog." formula_4 can be read as: "There does not exist a cat which is also a dog." Arapaho language The Arapaho language (also Arapahoe) is a Plains Algonquian language (an areal rather than genetic grouping) spoken by elders in Wyoming. It is now spoken very little, and is in danger of becoming extinct. Assamese language Assamese ( translated as"Ôxômiya") () is the easternmost Indo-Aryan language, spoken most in the state of Assam in North-East India. It is also the main language of Assam. It is spoken in parts of Arunachal Pradesh and other northeast Indian states. Avar language The Avar language (self-designation "language of the mountains" or Авар мац "Avar language") belongs to the Avar-Andi-Tsez subgroup of the Alarodian Northeast-Caucasian (or Nakh-Dagestani) language family. It is spoken most in the eastern and southern parts of the Russian Caucasus republic of Dagestan, and the Balaken, Zakatala north-west area of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijani language The Azerbaijani language, also called Azeri, or Azerbaijani Turkish is a Turkic language that is spoken in Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran. Azerbaijani is the official language of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Dagestan in Russia. Azerbaijani is also spoken in Dagestan (a republic of Russia), south-eastern and eastern Georgia, north eastern Turkey and in some parts of Ukraine and in northwestern Iran. In Dagesten, there are over 30 different languages, and Russian is used as a lingua franca. Bashkir language The Bashkir language (Native name: ) is a Turkic language. Speakers of the Bashkir language mostly live in the Russian republic of Bashkortostan. A large number of speakers also live in Tatarstan, Udmurtia, Perm Krai, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Sverdlovsk, and Kurgan Oblasts. Alphabet. Like other languages of Russia, Bashkir uses an alphabet made up of Cyrillic letters. The Bashkir alphabet has 42 letters, made up of the 33 letters of the Russian alphabet and 9 more letters for special Bashkir sounds. These 9 letters and their sounds are: Od language Od (also called Oad, Odki) is a language spoken mostly about the Sindh and in a few in southern Punjab. It may also be spoken in Rajasthan, Republic of India. Ilium/Olympos Ilium/Olympos is a science fiction series that was written by Dan Simmons. The events in the books are set in motion by beings who have taken on the roles of the Greek gods. The first book in the series, "Illium" received the Locus Award for best book in 2004. Books. There are two books in the series: Ilium (book) Ilium is a science fiction book that was written by Dan Simmons. It is the first part of the "Ilium/Olympos" cycle, and is about the re-creation of the events in the "Iliad" on Mars. In July 2004, "Ilium" got the Locus Award for best science fiction novel of 2003. It was later nominated for the 2004 Hugo Award for best book. Olympos (book) Olympos is a book that was written by Dan Simmons in 2005, and is the sequel to "Ilium" It is a science fiction book that ends the series Ilium/Olympos. It uses ideas from the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey". Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (, ; January 5, 1928 – April 4, 1979) was a Pakistani politician. He was the President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973. He was Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977. He was the founder of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), the largest and most influential political party in Pakistan. He was educated at the University of California, Berkeley in the United States and Oxford University in the United Kingdom. Bhutto was executed by hanging in 1979 for ordering the murder of a political opponent. His execution was ordered by General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. Bhutto's supporters give him the honorific title Shaheed, the Urdu word for martyr. His name then becomes Shaheed-e-Azam Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto ("The Great Martyr") or sometimes Quaid-e-Awam (The Leader the Community). He was married to Nusrat Bhutto (née Ispahnie) from 1951 until his death. Their elder daughter, Benazir Bhutto (1953-2007), was also Prime Minister of Pakistan, twice. The couple had three other children: son Murtaza Bhutto (1954-1996) daughter Sanam Bhutto (born 1957), and son Shahnawaz Bhutto (1958-1985). Pothohar Plateau The Pothohar Plateau (also spelled Pothwar, Potwar or Potohar) () is a plateau in Punjab, Pakistan. The area was the home of the Soan Culture (a stone age culture), and there are many fossils, tools, coins, and remains of ancient archaeological sites. It borders the western parts of Azad Kashmir and the southern part of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The local people speak a dialect of North Punjabi, called Pothohari-Mirpuri or Pahari or 'Potwari' or even 'Panjistani' Northern Indo-Aryan languages Pahari (or Pahaari) is a word for a number of dialects spoken across the Himalayan range, not limited to a single country. The word comes from 'pahar' meaning mountain. The word 'Pahaari' or 'Pahari' is an adjective in Hindi, Urdu, or Punjabi and it means 'of the mountain', so 'Pahari' means 'language of the mountain people'. Pakistan, India and Nepal are all countries along which the Himalayas run, and in all three countries the word for mountain is Pahar this is because Urdu, Nepali, Hindi and Punjabi are all related languages (they are all Indic languages of the Indo-European language family). The Pahari language is also part of this group. Travel in mountainous areas is difficult, so dialects close to each other can be very different. Bose-Einstein statistics In statistical mechanics, Bose-Einstein statistics means the statistics of a system where you can not tell the difference between any of the particles, and the particles are bosons. Bosons are fundamental particles like the photon. The Bose-Einstein distribution tells you how many particles have a certain energy. The formula is with formula_2 and where: If formula_3, then the Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics is a good approximation. Activision Activision is an American video game company. It was the first third party in the industry's history. It was founded on October 1, 1979. On July 9, 2008, it merged with Vivendi to make a new company called Activision Blizzard. Activision is best known for "Tony Hawk's Pro Skater", "Call of Duty", and "Guitar Hero". OXO (video game) OXO is a tic-tac-toe video game, and one of the first video game ever made. It was made in 1952 for the EDSAC computer by Alexander S. Douglas for his Ph.D. thesis on human-computer interaction at the University of Cambridge. Will Wright (game developer) Will Wright (born on January 20, 1960 in Atlanta, Georgia) is an American video game developer and is the co-founder of Maxis, now a part of Electronic Arts. He's most famous for "SimCity", "The Sims" and Spore. He is currently working on a new project, and has set up the "Stupid Fan Club". Pikmin Pikmin is a real-time strategy video game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo GameCube, and later the Wii. The plot involves an alien captain named Captain Olimar who crash-lands on a planet and meets creatures called Pikmin, which he uses to protect himself and find his ship parts before he runs out of air. Plot. Setting. The in-game universe has many locations, including a planet known as Hocotate, where Olimar is from and a planet that resembles Earth. In-game, the planet is from a small perspective, as both Olimar and the Pikmin are no larger than US quarters. Summary. Captain Olimar is traveling in his spaceship called the Dolphin, when it suddenly collides with a meteor and crashes on an unknown planet resembling Earth. He travels for a bit before he finds a creature called a Pikmin. He meets up with other Pikmin, and has to use them to gather up the pieces he lost from his ship before 30 days runs out, or the game will be over. Gameplay. The player controls Captain Olimar, who can throw the Pikmin. Pikmin are plucked out of the ground, and they live in a nest called an onion when they are not deployed. There can be up to 100 different Pikmin out of the onions at any moment. There are three kinds of Pikmin, stronger Red Pikmin, immune to fire, lighter Yellow Pikmin, who can pick up bomb rocks, and Blue Pikmin, immune to water. Music. Music from "Pikmin" was used in "Super Smash Bros. Brawl", including "Ai no Uta" (in Japanese and French). It also reappears in "Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U" and "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate", as Olimar appears in those games. Reception. "Pikmin" got good reviews and is considered one of the best GameCube launch games. Reviewers liked its strategic gameplay, but a lot complained about the time limit, saying it made it harder to play the game outside of the main task. Legacy. Because of "Pikmin"'s popularity, Captain Olimar and his Pikmin appeared in "Super Smash Bros. Brawl", along with other creatures and characters as trophies. Olimar also appeared in "Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U" and "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate" as a fighter. Sequels. "Pikmin" had a sequel called "Pikmin 2" in 2004 for the GameCube as well. Another "Pikmin" game, "Pikmin 3", was released on August 4, 2013 for the Wii U, and later, the Nintendo Switch as "Pikmin 3 Deluxe". Pikmin 2 Pikmin 2 is a real-time strategy video game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo GameCube game console. It is the sequel to "Pikmin". The plot involves Captain Olimar and his co-worker Louie going back to the planet from "Pikmin" to find treasure to save his boss' company. Olimar and Louie control a group of Pikmin and give them commands, which include collecting objects, fighting enemies, and reaching near places. Plot. Setting. Captain Olimar, the star of the series, and Louie, his coworker, have to go back to the planet from "Pikmin" when the President of their company made them go there to find treasure to get the company out of debt. They meet with the Pikmin that Olimar met in the first game, and they join forces to find the treasure, trying to battle through monsters and the environment. Summary. The game explores 4 locations across the first game's planet, based off of the 4 seasons. The levels have many objects from the real world, like a Duracell battery and an RC Cola pop cap. A level in "Super Smash Bros. Brawl" is based on this planet. Gameplay. The gameplay is mostly the same as "Pikmin"'s. Players control Olimar, Louie, and the Pikmin. They can use them to pick up objects, reach other areas, and fight enemies. Pikmin are plucked out of the ground, and they live in a nest called an onion when they are not deployed. There can be up to 100 different Pikmin out of the onion, and there are five kinds of Pikmin - the Red Pikmin, which are stronger and fireproof, Yellow Pikmin, lighter and immune to electricity, Blue Pikmin, which are immune to drowning, Purple Pikmin, stronger than Red Pikmin and can lift heavy objects, and White Pikmin, immune to poison, poison if eaten, and have X-ray vision, allowing them to see buried objects. The Pikmin can be thrown into the air to reach a higher place, and can be guided to get them all in one spot via a whistle. One new feature "Pikmin 2" adds is the ability to switch between two leaders - Olimar and Louie. A new feature is the Underground, where Olimar, Louie, and their Pikmin go into a cave, which has treasures and powerful creatures, which serve as bosses, in it. The player has to get all the way to the bottom before he or she can get out. Unlike the first game, this game lacks the 30 day time limit. Music. Music from "Pikmin 2", including the song "Tane no Uta", was used in "Super Smash Bros. Brawl, Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U," and "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate". Reception. "Pikmin 2" got great reviews, and rates much higher than the original "Pikmin". Many reviewers were glad that Nintendo got rid of the 30-day time limit from "Pikmin", as well as the treasures based on real life objects. Reviewers were split on the Underground areas, some liking the challenge, while others saying it's boring or too hard. Sid Meier Sid Meier (born at February 24, 1954 in Sarnia, Ontario) is an Canadian-American video game developer, most well known for his turn-based strategy games. He founded Microprose in 1982 with Bill Stealey. In 1996 he left Microprose and joined Firaxis Games. Ralph H. Baer Ralph Henry Baer (March 8, 1922 – December 6, 2014) was a German-American inventor and engineer, known for his contributions to the video game industry. Because he was of Jewish descent, Baer moved to New York City in 1938. He later became a U.S. citizen. He died at his home in Manchester, New Hampshire on December 6, 2014, according to family and friends close to him. He was 92 years old. Pong Pong is a video game made by Atari. It is believed to be the first video game ever made, although it was made after games similar to it were also made, including "Tennis for Two" and could be emulated by WinUaw. To play the game a quarter or token must be put into the game machine's slot. Two knobs, are called "paddles" because they control the tennis paddle on the screen. Turn the knob one way and the paddle goes up. Turn the knob the other way and the paddle goes down. The other knob does the same thing to the other paddle on the screen. Nolan Bushnell Nolan Bushnell (born February 5, 1943) is an American electrical engineer and entrepreneur. He founded both Atari Inc. (alongside Ted Dabney) and Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza-Time Theaters. Bushnell is in the Video Game Hall of Fame and the Consumer Electronics Association Hall of Fame. He got the BAFTA Fellowship and the Nations Restaurant News “Innovator of the Year” award. He was named one of Newsweek's "50 Men Who Changed America." Bushnell has started more than twenty companies. He is one of the founding fathers of the video game industry. Bushnell graduated from the University of Utah with a degree in electrical engineering in 1968. Bushnell was raised in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, but is no longer an active member. Bushnell was featured in the documentary film "Something Ventured" which premiered in 2011. Bushnell's most recent company is uWink. Dragon Warrior Dragon Warrior (called Dragon Quest in Japan) is a role-playing video game made by Chunsoft and published by Enix Corporation and Nintendo of America for the Nintendo Entertainment System game console. It is the first in the "Dragon Quest" series. X2 (movie) X2 (known as X-Men 2: X-Men United in advertising) is a 2003 superhero movie. It was directed by Bryan Singer. It is a sequel to "X-Men" (2000) movie and was followed by "" (2006). Plot. The movie opens with a mutant named Nightcrawler. He is at the White House and attempts to kill the president. At the last moment, a security guard shoots Nightcrawler, forcing him to run away. Meanwhile, Wolverine reaches a location called Alkali Lake, and does not find anything. He returns to Charles Xavier's school for gifted students. William Stryker, who hates mutants, uses this attack. He talks to the President, who then allows him to raid Charles Xavier's school for gifted mutants. Before he does this, he visits Magneto. Magneto was the bad guy in the first movie and now is in jail. Stryker uses a fluid to make him talk about the school. Xavier attempts to find Nightcrawler. He uses a machine called Cerebo, which makes his power stronger and allows him to connect to every person's mind. He gives Jean Grey and Storm the last location where he could see Nightcrawler. They leave in the Blackbird. Then, he and Cyclops go to the prison to pay a visit to Magneto. Stryker raids the mansion. A mutant named Siryn, whose power is a very loud scream, alerts everyone. A series of passageways and escape tunnels allow all but six of the mutants to escape. Wolverine, who has returned, takes Rogue, Iceman, and Pyro with him into a car. They drive to Boston. Meanwhile, Storm and Jean have located Nightcrawler and have him on their ship. Stryker also takes Cerebro with them. At the prison, Stryker has captured Xavier and Cyclops. At Alkali Lake, Stryker reveals his plan. He has rebuilt Cerebro. He uses his son Jason, a mutant, to create a fantasy world for Xavier. In Xavier's mind, he sees a little girl who thinks that everyone is gone. Xavier goes to his Cerebro, locates everyone, and then starts to focus, which will kill all mutants. In Boston, Wolverine and his friends go to Iceman's house, where Iceman reveals that he is a mutant. Iceman's brother does not like this and calls the cops. One cop shoots Wolverine in the head. Pyro uses his power – he can control fire – and pushes the police away. Wolverine, whose power is to heal very fast, wakes up. Jean and Storm come in and pick them up. Mystique has found out where Magneto was staying. She seduces the security guard and injects him with iron. When the security guard comes in, Magneto senses the iron. Magneto can control all metal. Magneto rips it out of the guard and escapes. The United States Air Force sends two jets to intercept the Blackbird, the plane where all the X-Men are on. Storm, whose power is to control the weather, whips up a tornado that sends both pilots down, but one manages to fire two missiles. Jean Grey, whose power is psychic, manages to destroy one, but the other one hits the jet. They start to go down. Magneto is in the area and saves them. The X-Men and Magneto make some peace and come together to beat Stryker. The dam is built so that Stryker can flood the tunnel if someone comes in. 15 years ago, Wolverine volunteered for an experiment and was given claws and suffered a lot of pain. Stryker is very interested in Wolverine. So Mystique, whose power is to make herself look like other people, pretends to be Wolverine. She gets in and takes over the control room. Cyclops appears and attacks Magneto, Mystique, and Jean Grey. Jean uses her psychic power to stop Cyclops, but Cyclops' beam power damages the dam very badly. Wolverine leaves to find Stryker. Stryker shows him Lady Deathstrike, who also has an adamantium skeleton and claws on the tips of her fingers. They fight. Wolverine pumps her full of adamantium and kills her. Storm and Nightcrawler find the six mutants and rescue them. All mutants suddenly go into pain when Xavier starts focusing. Magneto forces himself into Cerebro and stops it. He then tells Mystique to transform into Stryker and change the rules so that Xavier will kill all the humans instead. The X-Men find out what is happening. Storm and Nightcrawler teleport in there. Storm creates a storm that breaks the spell, and Xavier returns to normal. All of the X-Men escape the dam. Rogue and Iceman, who were in the Blackbird, land it in front of them. The plane is badly damaged. The dam explodes and a ton of water comes down. At the last second, Jean Grey rushes out of the ship, gets it into the air, and drowns when she can no longer hold back the water. Xavier and his crew go to the White House to inform the President of what has happened. Xavier tells the president that humans and mutants must work together or else they will destroy each other in war. Pete Young Bryan Owen "Pete" Young (born March 19 1968 in Meadville, Mississippi) is a former right-handed relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Montreal Expos in 1992 and 1993. He went to Mississippi State University, where he played college baseball. Career. On June 2, , Young was drafted by the Cincinnati Reds in the 22nd round of the amateur draft, but did not sign to play Minor League Baseball with Cincinnati, deciding to instead attend Mississippi State where he practiced to become a better pitcher. Young was drafted again on June 5, by the Montreal Expos in the 6th round (148th overall pick) of the amateur draft. This time, Young signed to play in the minors in the Expos organization. Young made his major league debut on June 5, with the Expos at age 24. On that day, Young pitched 1⅔ innings against the Reds, striking out one batter. The Expos lost the game 10-4. Young played his final major league game for the Expos on July 18, ; on February 18, , he was purchased along with Matt Stairs by the Boston Red Sox organization, but his career ended that season after not reaching the major league club. At the time of his retirement, Young had earned a career earned run average of 3.63. He finished with 25⅔ innings pitched, striking out 14 batters, and playing in a total of 17 games. He allowed 22 hits, 1 home run, and 9 walks. He only got one win in his career, on July 10, against the San Diego Padres. Young came to bat only once in his two-season career. Pete Smith Pete Smith may mean: Howard Florey Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey (24 September 1898 – 21 February 1968) was an Australian pathologist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 1945, for his study into penicillin. He was appointed a knight bachelor, and later a baron. Early life. He was born in Adelaide, South Australia. He went to the Collegiate School of St.Peter and the Adelaide University. In 1921 he went to England as a Rhodes Scholar studying first at Oxford and then at Cambridge. He worked in the United States for 10 months before going back to London. In 1926 he married long time friend from Adelaide, Mary Ethel Hayter Reed. They were married in England. Career. In 1925, Foley visited the United States on a Rockefeller Travelling Fellowship for a year, returning in 1926 to a Fellowship at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, receiving here his Ph.D. in 1927. The same year, he was appointed Huddersfield Lecturer in Special Pathology at Cambridge. In 1931 he succeeded to the Joseph Hunter Chair of Pathology at the University of Sheffield and became assistant professor of pathology at the University of Sheffield. From 1935 to 1962 he was a professor at the Sir William Dunn school of pathology at Oxford. Penicillin. Florey’s most important work was turning penicillin into the first antibiotic. He worked with Ernst Chain to explore discoveries made earlier by Alexander Fleming. They looked at antibacterial substances that came from bacteria and fungi. They found that penicillin was the most interesting. Fleming had first discovered it in 1928. They were able to start experiments on humans in 1941. Because of World War 2 the drug was made in the USA. Its affects on wounded people was described as "miraculous". He was made a fellow of the Royal Society in 1941. Once the world saw how well penicillin worked he was given many more honours. These included: He wrote more than 200 scientific papers. He kept an interest in Australia. he had a big role in starting the Australian National University (ANU), especially the John Curtin School of Medical Research. He was the main adviser to the school from 1948 to 1955. In 1965 he was appointed as Chancellor of the university. From 1962 he was Provost of The Queen's College at Oxford. He died from a heart attack in 1968. Memorials. He is remembered for his work. A suburb in Canberra, Australia, was named after him. His picture is on the Australian fifty dollar note. There is a lecture theatre and a professorship named after him at the ANU. The Queen's College have named a building after him. There is a memorial stone at St.Nicholas's church at Marston, and a memorial stone in Westminster Abbey. There are a number of paintings and a sculpture. DJ (disambiguation) DJ or dj may mean: Steam locomotive A steam locomotive is a steam powered railway locomotive. It was used a lot between about 1830 and 1970. Afterwards, diesel and electric locomotives were used more often. The first steam locomotive was made by Richard Trevithick for a railway used for moving iron at an Ironworks in Wales. A steam locomotive works by burning a fuel like coal in a special space called a firebox. This produces hot gases that rise and go through tubes in a boiler - a large space with water in it. This heats the water, producing steam. The steam is then taken through another tube to a cylinder. The steam then pushes the piston which in turn pushes a metal rod that is connected to the wheels, making the locomotive move. The steam then rises out through the chimney. Steam locomotives are still today used in many developing countries where the railways have not yet been electrified. Conjunction Conjunctions are words which join phrases, clauses and sentences. Conjunctions have three basic forms which are shown in the table below. Conjunctions also have two functions, as shown below. Although some people say it's not correct to use conjunctions at the beginning of a sentences, many famous writers do so. References. 5.Definition of Conjunctions, Examples and Practice Sets Soanian The Soanian is an archaeological site that is dated to (comes from) the early stone age. The name comes from the Soan Valley in the Sivalik Hills in Pakistan. The people who lived on this site were probably Homo erectus, the first people to control fire. Hundreds of stone knives were found at the site, as well as hand axes and cleavers. No human skeletons of this age have been found. In the Soan River Gorge many rocks with fossils can be seen. The 14 million year old fossils of gazelles, rhinoceroses, crocodiles, giraffes and rodents have been found. Some of these fossils are on display at the Natural History Museum of Islamabad. Richard Hakluyt Richard Hakluyt (, or ) (c. 1552 or 1553 – 23 November 1616) was an English writer. He is famous for his efforts in promoting the settlement of North America by the English through his works. His most important books are "Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America" (1582) and "The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation" (1598–1600). Ashurbanipal Ashurbanipal (685 BC – 627 BC), the son of Esarhaddon, was the last great king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. He established (started) the first organized library in the ancient Middle East, the Library of Ashurbanipal, which survives in part today at Nineveh. In the Bible he is called Asenappar. Roman historian Justinus identified him as Sardanapalus, and describes him as effeminate. Édouard Daladier Édouard Daladier (18 June 1884 - 10 October 1970) was a politician, who was the Prime Minister of France at the start of the Second World War. He was one of the politicians in France who tried to stop the war and signed the Munich Agreement at a conference in 1938, together with British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, as well as the dictators of Germany and Italy: Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini. 1989-90 NHL season The 1989–90 NHL season was the 73rd season of the National Hockey League. Twenty-one teams each played 80 games. The Stanley Cup winners were the Edmonton Oilers, who won the best of seven series 4–1 against the Boston Bruins.The championship was the Oilers' fifth Stanley Cup in the past four years. This also marked the first time that all three New York City metro area teams made the playoffs in the same season. Regular season. Final standings. "Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, GF= Goals For, GA = Goals Against, Pts = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes" Scoring leaders. "Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes" Stanley Cup playoffs. "Note: All dates in 1990" First games. The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1989–90 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark debut in playoffs): Last games. The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1989–90 (listed with their last team): Munich Agreement The Munich Agreement was an agreement between France, Italy, Germany and Britain. After Germany threatened an invasion of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia, the British and the French prime ministers tried to get Adolf Hitler to agree not to use his military in the future in return for taking the land. After Hitler had agreed, most people thought that the agreement was a success, but Germany invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia in 1939. Later that year, the Second World War started after Germany invaded Poland. Background. Czechoslovakia was an independent country since it had been formed in 1918, after the First World War by an international agreement. Adolf Hitler wanted "Lebensraum" (meaning "living space") to have all Germans in Czechoslovakia united with Germany. As most Germana in Czechoslovakia were in the Sudetenland, Hitler set his sights there first. He knew that most of the industrial strength of Czechoslovakia would be lost if Germany took the Sudetenland. Britain, France and the Soviet Union had all agreed to support Czechoslovakia if it was invaded. Crisis. On September 12, 1938, Hitler told the Sudeten Germans that he would support them. On the 15th, Neville Chamberlain met with Hitler in a last-ditch attempt to stop the war. Hitler moderated his demands and said he was interested only in part of Czechoslovakia. Chamberlain thought that was reasonable and that Hitler would be satisfied. However, on the 22nd, Hitler changed his demands and now said that he wanted all of the Sudetenland. The British Navy mobilised, and war seemed imminent. Benito Mussolini persuaded Hitler to attend a four-power peace conference in Munich on 29 September. The conference was held between four leaders: Hitler for Germany, Mussolini for Italy, Chamberlain for Britain and Édouard Daladier for France. The Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia were not invited. At the conference, Mussolini put forward a plan, which had really been written by the German Foreign Office, for the Sudetenland was to become part of Germany immediately. The German Army was to march into the Sudetenland the following day and to claim it as German territory. Britain and France agreed. Czechoslovakia had not been even consulted, and the Soviet Union attacked the idea. Chamberlain returned to Britain to receive a hero's welcome, as he had achieved "peace for our time" with his policy, and people feared another world war. The same cheering happened for Daladier in France. Aftermath. Edvard Beneš, the Czechoslovak president, resigned. He felt betrayed since Britain and France had promised to help his country. However, he displeased his army by telling it not to fight Germany since he thought that his country would be destroyed by air strikes. On October 1, Germans walked into the Sudetenland, and Hungary and Poland also grabbed land in Czechoslovakia with had Hungarians and Poles. Germany invaded Prague in March 1939 and Poland in September. Britain and France declared war on Germany and so the Second World War started Dawson Island Dawson Island (Lat: 53º 58’ 12” S Long: 70º 34’ 48”W) is an island in the Strait of Magellan. It is in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago. It is south of the city of Punta Arenas in Chile. It is part of the municipality of Punta Arenas. It is southeast of Brunswick Peninsula. It is an approximately tract of land that often has harsh Antarctic weather. Its population was 415 as of the 1992 census, and 301 as of 2002. The settlements are Puerto Harris, Puerto San Antonio and Puerto Almeida. Strike Strike may mean: Strike may refer to a fight, including: In sports and games: Strike action A strike action (or simply a strike) is when many workers stop working in protest. Strikes are usually done by a labor union to get better pay, hours, or working conditions. They became important during the Industrial Revolution, when many worked in factories and mines. In many countries, it is against the law to strike. In other countries, people who strike are protected under certain conditions. Strikes generally take the form of a picket line. The workers walk in front of where they work, chanting and holding signs. Workers on strike usually do not stop people from crossing the picket line. However, some people will not cross a picket line to buy something from the company. This is a way of showing solidarity (or support) for the union. Most unions will also not cross a picket line and do business with companies on strike. For example, members of the Teamsters, a truck driving union, will not deliver to a business that is on strike. History. The first known strike was in the 12th century B.C., in Egypt. Workers under Ramses III stopped working on the Necropolis until they were treated better. The word gets its name from modern times: in 1768, sailors in London "struck" or removed the sails of trade ships at port. In 1917, the Mexican Constitution was the first to make sure that workers had the right to strike. Types of strikes. Wildcat strike. A wildcdat strike is a strike that is not approved by the labor union. Wildcat strikes are not always protected like union-approved strikes are. Sympathy strike. A sympathy strike is a strike that is done to support another group of workers on strike. Slowdown strike. A slowdown strike is when the workers are still working, but very slowly. It is usually done when workers are not allowed to have a full strike. Green ban. A green ban is a strike that is done to get the company to adopt more environmentally friendly practices. Strikes in the law. Despites, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ensure the right to strike, many countries do not allow workers to strike at all, but some allow it under certain conditions. United States. In the United States, people who work for the Federal Government are not allowed to strike. Some states, like New York, do not allow people who work for the state government (including teachers) to strike. Railroad and airline workers are not allowed to strike, except under certain conditions. Strike breaking. When a strike is called, a government may try to stop it by calling in the police or the military. The threat of force is sometimes enough to get the workers to stop. This happened in the Seattle General Strike of 1919, when over three thousand marines, sailors, and police officers were called into the city by the mayor of Seattle and the Attorney General of Washington. The owners of a company may also decide to hire new workers. This may cost less than giving into the demands of the workers. This is another way of breaking the strike. These workers, called "scabs" by strikers, are often yelled at as they pass through the picket line. Many unions say that workers who helped break a strike by crossing the picket line are not allowed to be in the union. If the company is a union shop (meaning that only union workers can work there) this means that helping break a strike could get a worker fired from that company forever. Bird flight Flight is a method of moving through the air. To do this, birds use wings with light, hollow bones and feathers on them. Birds have a streamlined body shape, so that they slip through air more easily. Birds can move by flapping their wings, or they can stay in the same place. This is called hovering, with rapid wing beats, as with the kestrel. Birds that soar use very little energy for it: they use columns of rising hot air to lift them. They glide from the top of a warm air current, and then move on to another warm air current. That way birds like buzzards can fly all day while using little energy. Birds like hawks and gannets dive on their prey. They get to a height, them fold their wings and dive head-first. Lift. The fundamentals of bird flight are similar to those of aircraft. Lift force is produced by the action of air flow on the wing, which is an airfoil. The lift force occurs because the air has a lower pressure just above the wing and higher pressure below. Super Mario Land Super Mario Land is a platform video game made by Nintendo for the Game Boy game console. It is one of the only two Mario games designed by Gunpei Yokoi, and the first "Mario" game for a handheld console. Plot. An evil alien monster called Tatanga comes to a kingdom called Sarasaland and kidnaps Princess Daisy. Mario comes to save her and has to go through four worlds and defeat Tatanga's four minions to rescue Daisy from Tatanga. Mario (series) The series is a series of popular platform games by Nintendo. They feature Nintendo's mascot Mario and, in most of the games, his brother Luigi. The "Mario" series has been running for more than 40 years. More than 200 video games have been released in the series. The series has been named the best-selling video game series in history, with over 262 million combined units sold. The series started out in 1981 with the arcade video game, "Donkey Kong", and has since then taken off into its own series. It was created by Shigeru Miyamoto. Mario, going under the name Jumpman when "Donkey Kong" was first released, is the main protagonist throughout most of the series. The main antagonist of the series is Bowser, the King of all Koopas. Most of the games have something to do with jumping and defeating enemies. The games usually feature simple storylines. The most common theme in the series is Bowser, the main villain, taking away Princess Peach, who the Mario brothers try to save during the games. References. Notes Palindrome A palindrome is a word, sentence, or number that reads the same from left to right as from right to left. Punctuation does not matter, but letters and digits do. All alphabetic languages have palindromes. The first palindrome was the Latin Sator Square, which reads: You can read it horizontally, backwards, even vertically! Environmentalism Environmentalism is both a philosophy and a social movement that is about protecting nature. It advocates helping to preserve, protect, and restore the natural environment from damage. Environmentalists often talk about threats to the earth from pollution, climate change and overpopulation. Environmentalism is both personal and political. In their own lives, environmentalists do things that are better for the earth, such as recycling, using natural products, and supporting businesses that try not to harm the environment. Politically, they support laws that help the environment, like laws against pollution. The word Environmentalism comes from 'environmental' and '-ism'. 'Environmental' is the chemical, physical, and biological components of the environment while '-ism' is a suffix used to create action nouns out of verbs. Samurai Champloo Samurai Champloo is a Japanese anime television show. Mugen is a fierce animal-like warrior with a unique Bboying (break-dance) inspired fighting style. Jin has a more traditional style. The two opposing samurai warriors are far from friends, yet their split paths seem to cross anyways. Mugen is wandering aimlessly through the city when he walks upon a teahouse where he meets Jin and Fuu. Fuu convinces them both to come with her in search of a mysterious samurai that smells like sunflowers and their journey begins. This modernized hip-hop tale breaks the barriers of the common, historical, samurai anime. This anime contains 26 episodes and two seasons, documenting the journey of these three misfits. The episodes are shown on Adult Swim from time to time, but never consistently. Whenever on American television, only the first season is aired. Chris Thile Chris Thile () (born February 20, 1981) is an American musician, best known as a member of acoustic band Nickel Creek. He has made six albums as a solo artist and with his band, Punch Brothers. His first, "Leading Off", was released in 1994 when Thile was 13. Thile has also played and recorded with artists like Mike Marshall, Béla Fleck, Glen Phillips, and Edgar Meyer. Thile's third album, "Not All Who Wander Are Lost", was released in 2001. His fourth, "Deceiver" had all songs written and performed by Thile alone. His most recent solo work was 2006's "How to Grow a Woman from the Ground", and Thile released "Punch" in 2008 with the band Punch Brothers. Also in 2008, Thile will make an album with Edgar Meyer, which will come out in the fall. History. 1981–1999: Early life and career. Thile was born in Oceanside, California in 1981. When he was two, his family started going to "That Pizza Place", where he listened to John Moore's band "Bluegrass Etc". When Thile was four, his family moved to Idyllwild, California. He started playing mandolin at the age of five. He took lessons from John Moore. When Thile was eight, Nickel Creek was formed. After playing many music festivals with Nickel Creek, he won the national mandolin contest at the Walnut Valley Festival in Winfield, Kansas at age twelve. In 1993, Thile was signed to the bluegrass record label Sugar Hill. The next year, he released his first album, "Leading Off", and most of the songs were written by Thile. In 1997, Thile released "Stealing Second" and Nickel Creek released "Here to There". 2000–2005: "Wander" and "Deceiver". After "Nickel Creek" sold 500,000 copies, Thile released "Not All Who Wander Are Lost" in 2001. The name of the album comes from a quote in J. R. R. Tolkien's book "The Lord of the Rings". The album had guest appearances from his Nickel Creek bandmates as well as Stuart Duncan, Béla Fleck, Edgar Meyer, Jerry Douglas, and Bryan Sutton. In 2003, Thile and mandolinist Mike Marshall made a duet album called "Into the Cauldron," which had covers by artists from Charlie Parker to Bach. The next year, Thile released "Deceiver", a pop album on which he played and wrote every song himself. He mainly played his mandolin on the album, but also played electric guitar, piano, drums, violin, viola, cello, and bass. 2006–present: Punch Brothers. In August 2006, Nickel Creek announced in "Billboard" and on their official website that they would take an "indefinite hiatus", which means a break for an unknown amount of time. Just before this, Thile formed the How to Grow a Band. He made "How to Grow a Woman from the Ground", with them. This was Thile's fifth album. In an interview with the "Nashville City Paper", Thile talked about the band's start: The band's members are Thile (mandolin), Gabe Witcher (fiddle), Chris Eldridge (guitar), Greg Garrison (bass), and Noam Pikelny (banjo). Bryan Sutton also played guitar for the band when Chris Eldridge could not. In 2007, the band changed its name twice: first to "The Tensions Mountain Boys" and then "Punch Brothers." Punch Brothers released their first album, "Punch", on the Nonesuch Records on February 26, 2008. The album has Thile's four piece song "The Blind Leaving the Blind", along with other original songs. Košice Košice (, IPA kɒʃɪtsə) is the second biggest city in Slovakia, and the biggest city in eastern Slovakia. About 235,000 people live in the city. Košice was founded in 1230. Administrative division. The town of Košice is divided into 4 districts and 22 city parts: International Brotherhood of Teamsters The International Brotherhood of Teamsters (also just called the Teamsters) is an American labor union of truck drivers, airline workers, food processors, graphic designers, police officers, and other employees. With over 1.4 million members, it is one of the largest unions in the United States. History. The Teamsters was founded in 1903, when most packages and other goods were delivered by a "team" of horses or oxen. Boyfriend (disambiguation) A boyfriend means a partner in a romantic relationship in which the two people are not married to each other. Boyfriend or boyfriends can mean: Entente cordiale The Entente cordiale (French for 'friendly agreement') was a number of agreements signed on 8 April 1904 between the United Kingdom and France. Both countries were worried that their growing empires would cause a war between them. The agreement was the end of almost 1000 years of frequent wars. The agreement led to the Triple Entente (including Russia), which fought the Triple Alliance (Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary) in the First World War and has lasted ever since. It was the start of the Triple Entente and the first step to stopping Germany from expanding. France had more chance with Britain of winning against Germany on the Western Front. Parma wallaby The Parma wallaby (Macropus parma) is the smallest of the macropus genus. It can grow up to 52 cm in length, with a tail about the same length. They weigh up to 5 kg. The Parma wallaby's fur is a grey-brown colour on the back with a dark stripe. It has a white stripe on its face, and a white belly. In the late 1800s it was thought to be extinct. Parma wallabies had been introduced and established on Kauwau Island, New Zealand, where they were rediscovered in the 1960s. A lot of effort was made to capture and take the wallabies back to Australia. A small, wild group was found in Gosford, New South Wales in the 1970s by Eric Worrell from the Australian Reptile Park. Parma wallabies are officially listed as vulnerable because there are not many of them, they only live in small areas, and they are threatened by land clearing and other animals such as foxes. Triple Entente The Triple Entente (English: "Triple Agreement") was the name given to an alliance between the United Kingdom, France and the Russian Empire. The alliance was made after the Anglo-Russian Entente, an agreement between Britain and Russia in 1907. The alliance was made stronger by agreements made with Japan, the United States and Spain. In this form, there was a balance of power, which meant that no group was much stronger than any other one, with the "Triple Alliance" of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. If Italy was attacked by France she would have the help of the other two powers, and if France attacked Germany Italy would help Germany and danger was that if triple alliance was if France should come into an agreement with Russia. The was solved by Bismarck by persuading Russia and Austria [Hungary] to revive the old Dreikaiserbund treaty. With the First World War, these ententes were not military agreements - but they later involved the military because of the problems between the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente. That's why the Triple Entente became a military alliance. In 1915, Italy left the Triple Alliance, and from 1916 fought against Germany. The Russian revolution in October 1917 meant that Russia left the alliance, but the military alliance between France and the UK lasted until 1940, when Nazi Germany invaded France. Later on, Italy joined the Entente in a battle against Austria–Hungary in May 1915 and Germany in August 1916. Dudley, Thomas Lloyd and Davey Murphy. the triple entente was to fight for the Anglo German navy race countries had to become stronger. During World War I, the alliance was expanded to create a multinational coalition, known as the "Allies". This included: Triple Alliance (1882) The Triple Alliance was a military alliance (agreement to fight together) between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, that lasted from 1880 until the start of World War I in 1914. The three countries promised to help each other if another country attacked them. Some Italian people were not happy about the agreement because Austria-Hungary was an old enemy. In 1914, the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente (France, Russia and the United Kingdom) started World War I. In 1915, Italy left the alliance and fought against Austria-Hungary and Germany from 1916. The triple Alliance had many strong points but also negative ones. The positive ones were: the Alliance included two very powerful countries which were industrialized but the negatives were that if war were to be declared they would be encircled by the Triple Entente (France, Russia, and Britain). That would mean that they would have to divide their troops in two which would make the Germans much weaker Bismark was the man behind the formation of the Triple Alliance. It was started as a dual alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary because Germany had defeated the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-1871. With the outbreak of war amongst all of Europe, the Ottoman Empire joined the Triple Alliance in a pursuit of protection and power. Campus novel A campus novel, also called the academic novel, is a novel that's story is around or about a campus of a university. The genre is said to have started in the 1950s. "The Groves of Academe" by Mary McCarthy, written in 1952, is often called the first campus novel, but some have also said that novels such as C.P. Snow's "The Masters", of the year before, were campus novels. Crime fiction Crime fiction is the genre of fiction that has to do with crimes, their solving, criminals, and their reasons for doing crime. Sometimes, crime fiction is also in the science fiction or historical fiction genres, but usually they are separate. It has several sub-genres, such as mystery fiction, legal thriller, (see John Grisham) and courtroom drama. Paramilitary Paramilitary describes forces which are organised as military forces, but are not part of the Armed Forces. Examples of such forces are police forces guarding the borders of a country. There are paramilitary groups that are official (run by a country), and others that are not. The name comes from Greek "para" (which means "beside") and Latin "miles" (which means "soldier"). Military compared to paramilitary. Though a paramilitary is not a military force, it is usually equivalent to a military's light infantry force in terms of intensity, firepower, and organizational structure. Paramilitary forces and organisations use "military" equipment, skills, tactics etc that are compatable with the civilian sector (IE: Urban environments etc). During peacetime, Paramilitary professions are usually found in areas such as high profile non-military sites such as laboratories, nuclear power plants, industrial explosive factories, seaports, airports, borders and government sites such as embassies, palaces, political summits etc tasked with roles of VIP protection, anti-terrorism etc. A paramilitary may also commonly fall under the command of a military, even despite not being part of the military or play an assisting role for the military in times of war. Paramilitary forces can also include private military company missions. Quasi-military compared to Paramilitary. Although similar, a quasi-military organisation has more near-identical to military aspects ("i.e.", militia, insurgency, guerrilla, terrorist, rebel, drug cartel, private army, "etc.") whereas a paramilitary is its own ("i.e.," internal security, SWAT, coast guard, border guard, "etc."). Champagne, Ardèche Champagne is a town and commune of the Ardèche "département", in the southern part of France. Champis, Ardèche Champis is a commune in the Ardèche "département" in southeast France. Chandolas Chandolas is a town and commune of the Ardèche "département", in the southern part of France. Chanéac Chanéac is a town and commune of the Ardèche "département", in the southern part of France. Charmes-sur-Rhône Charmes-sur-Rhône is a town and commune of the Ardèche "département", in the southern part of France. Charnas Charnas is a town and commune of the Ardèche "département", in the southern part of France. About 715 or 722 people lived there in 2008. Palaeolithic The Palaeolithic (or Paleolithic) was a period of prehistory when humans made stone tools. It was the first and longest part of the Stone Age. It began around 3.3 million years ago and ended around 11,650 years ago. About 99% of human history happened in the Palaeolithic. The Palaeolithic began when hominids (early humans) started to use stones as tools for bashing, cutting, and scraping. All members of the genus "Homo" made stone tools, starting with relatively crude tools made by "Homo habilis" and "Homo erectus". In Europe, the large-brained Neanderthal Man ("Homo neanderthalensis") made tools of high quality. Our own species, "Homo sapiens", made even higher-quality tools. These tools are the first cultural products which have survived to modern times. The oldest stone tools ever found are about 3.3 million years old. Archaeologists found these tools in the Great Rift Valley of Africa. Australopithecines probably made them. Archaeologists have found stone tools in continental Europe from about one million years ago, and in Britain from about 700,000 years ago. During the Palaeolithic Age, humans grouped together in small bands. They lived by gathering plants and hunting wild animals. They made tools out of wood and bone as well as stone. They probably also used leather and vegetable fibers, but these do not last as long as stone and have not survived to modern times. The Palaeolithic ended around 11,650 years ago, when humans began to make smaller, finer tools. In Western Europe, this was the beginning of the Mesolithic period. In warmer climates like Africa, the Epipaleolithic period came after the Palaeolithic. The Pleistocene geological epoch (also called the Ice Age) happened at the same time as the Palaeolithic. In some areas, like Western Europe, this ice age affected the way people lived. In the Middle East, people began to switch from hunting and gathering to agriculture. Both the Palaeolithic and the Pliestocene ended around the same time. Cultures. Oldowan. Hominids began to make Oldowan tools around 2.6 million years ago. They continued to make these tools until about 1.7 million years ago. After that, hominids began to make more sophisticated tools, which archaeologists call Acheulean. Oldowan tools are named after Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, where Oldowan tools were first found. The archaeologist Louis Leakey made this discovery in the 1930s. For a long time after that, archaeologists thought that the Oldowan were the earliest tools ever made. Now they know that hominids made stone tools much earlier in history - about 3.3 million years ago. This was before the genus "Homo" had evolved. Archaeologists do not know for sure which species actually created and used Oldowan tools. The use of these tools reached its peak with early species of "Homo," such as "H. habilis" and "H. ergaster". Archaeologists think that early "Homo erectus" inherited Oldowan technology, then refined it into the Acheulean industry beginning about 1.7 million years ago. Oldowan tools are sometimes called "pebble tools", because the blanks chosen for their production already resemble, in pebble form, the final product. They are sometimes subdivided into types, such as choppers, scrapers and pounders, based on their main uses. Acheulean. Around 1.7 million years ago, "Homo habilis" began to make oval- and pear-shaped hand axes. Archaeologists call these tools Acheulean. They were more sophisticated than Oldowan tools, and had more uses. Early humans made these tools in Africa, western Asia, and Europe during the Lower Palaeolithic era. They are usually found with "Homo erectus" remains. Acheulean tools were the dominant technology for most of human history. More than a million years ago, Acheulean tool users left Africa to colonize Eurasia. Although it developed in Africa, the Acheulean industry is named after the type site of Saint-Acheul, where archaeologists first found Acheulean tools in the 19th century. This area is now a suburb of Amiens in northern France. John Frere was the first to suggest in writing that hominids started making Acheulean tools during "a very ancient period." In 1797, Frere sent two examples of Acheulean tools to the Royal Academy in London from Hoxne in Suffolk. He had found them in prehistoric lake deposits, along with the bones of extinct animals. He concluded that they were made by people "who had not the use of metals" and said they belonged to a "very ancient period indeed, even beyond the present world". However, other archaeologist still held a pre-Darwinian view of human evolution, and they ignored Frere's ideas. Dating the Acheulean. Based on radiometric dating (often potassium-argon dating), hominids began to use Acheulean techniques around 1.65 million years ago, and continued to use these tools until about 100,000 years ago. Archaeologists found the oldest known Acheulean tools in the West Turkana region of Kenya. These tools are 1.65 million years old. Some archaeologists think that hominids began to use Acheulean techniques earlier, around 1.8 million years ago. In individual regions, scientists can use radiometric dating to determine the age of a tool much more precisely. For example, Acheulean methods did not reach Europe until around 400,000 years ago. In smaller study areas, scientists can narrow down a tool's age even more. However, numerical dates can be misleading. It is common to associate examples of this early human tool industry with one or more glacial or interglacial periods, or with a particular species of early human. The earliest user of Acheulean tools was "Homo ergaster," who first appeared about 1.8 million years ago. Some researchers prefer to call these hominids "early Homo erectus". Later forms of early humans also used Acheulean techniques. These are described below. There is considerable time overlap in early prehistoric stone-working industries. In some regions, Acheulean tool-using groups were contemporary with other, less sophisticated industries such as the Clactonian. Then, later, Acheulean tools occur at the same time as the more sophisticated Mousterian. The Acheulean was not a neatly defined period, but a tool-making technique which flourished especially well in early prehistory. It was a basic method for making stone tools which was shared across much of the Old World. Clactonian. In Europe, early humans began to make flint tools during the early part of the interglacial period, around 400,000 years ago. Archaeologists call these Clactonian tools. "Homo erectus" made Clactonian tools; modern humans did not. Early, crude flint tools from other regions, made using similar methods, are either called Clactonian tools or "core & flake" technology. These tools are named after Clacton-on-Sea in the English county of Essex. There, in 1911, archaeologists found Clactonian artifacts along with the remains of a giant elephant and hippopotamus. These artifacts included flint chopping tools, flint flakes, and the tip of a worked wooden shaft. Archaeologists have found other Clactonian tools at sites in Swanscombe, Kent, and Barnham in Suffolk. Evidence shows that early humans made this type of tool throughout Northern Europe. To make Clactonian tools, early humans struck thick, irregular flakes from a core of flint. They used the flint core as a chopper, and used the flakes as crude knives or scrapers. Archaeologists have found Clactonian tools which were notched, implying that they were attached to a handle or shaft. The Clactonian and Acheulean industries might have existed at the same time. However, in 2004, archaeologists excavated a butchered Pleistocene elephant near Dartford, Kent. They found many Clactonian flint tools, but no hand axes. Since hand axes would have been more useful than choppers to dismember an elephant carcass, this is evidence that the Clactonian was a separate industry. Flint of sufficient quality was available in the area, so archaeologists think the people who carved up the elephant did not know how to make hand axes. Mousterian. The Mousterian is an industry of stone tools associated with Neanderthal Man ("Homo neanderthalensis"). Early humans started making these tools around 300,000 years ago, and continued to make them until about 30,000 years ago. There are up to thirty types of Mousterian tools, compared to about six in the Acheulean style. The Mousterian was named after the type site of Le Moustier, a rock shelter in the Dordogne region of France. Archaeologists have found similar flintwork all over unglaciated Europe, as well as the Near East and North Africa. Mousterian hand axes usually had long blades and points. Overall, these tools are finished more perfectly than any previous style of toolmaking. To make Mousterian tools, early humans used the Levallois technique. This is a prepared-core technique: the toolmaker works on the core of the stone for so that they can strike off a long, fine blade. For this quality of work, early humans had to use a 'soft' hammer made of something like deer antler, not a stone hammer. Neanderthals had larger brains than humans; this may have helped them develop Mousterian technology. All cultures of modern humans, "Homo sapiens", used the Mousterian style"." It is characteristic of our species to produce many more tools, all specialised for particular tasks. There are at least 100 types of tools in the Upper Palaeolithic, compared to a maximum of 30 tools in the Mousterian. Chronology of Palaeolithic and following periods. The Palaeolithic is sometimes divided into three (somewhat overlapping) periods which mark technological and cultural advances in different human communities: The Mesolithic and Neolithic eras followed the Palaeolithic. The Neolithic ended around 1900 BC. At this time, the Stone Age ended and the Bronze Age began. Later, when the Bronze Age ended, the Iron Age began. Overview of the main features of these periods. Venus figurines. Venus figurines may be some of the first pieces of art ever made. These are very small statues of women, mostly pregnant with visible breasts. Archaeologists have found them in areas of Western Europe, stretching to Siberia. Most of the Venus figurines that archaeologists have found are between 20,000 and 30,000 years old. However, they have found two figurines that are much older. The Venus of Tan-Tan, found in Morocco, is 300,000 to 500,000 years old. The Venus of Berekhat Ram, found on the Golan Heights, is between 200,000 and 300,000 years ago. These may be the some of the earliest things that show the human form. Early humans used different kinds of stone, bones, and ivory to make these figurines. They also made Venus figurines out of clay, then hardened the clay by heating it in a fire. This is one of the earliest known uses of ceramics. Archaeologists do not know what these figurines meant to the people who made them. There are two basic theories: Scientists know that these figurines were not linked to the fertility of fields, because agriculture had not been discovered when the figurines were made. The two older Venus figurines may have formed mostly through natural processes. The Venus of Tan-Tan was covered with a substance that could have been some kind of paint. The substance contained traces of iron and manganese. The figurine of Berekhat Ram has traces of tool marks. A study done in 1997 states that nature alone could not have left these traces. Cave paintings. Cave paintings have been found in about 350 caves in Europe. Many were done in the Palaeolothic Age, between about 15,000 and 30,000 years ago. Some of the most famous are in the Cave of Altamira in Spain and the Lascaux Cave in France.p545 Usually, cave paintings show animals, like aurochs, bisons or horses. Nobody knows why these paintings were done. However, archaeologists know that people did not create cave paintings just to decorate their living spaces. Usually, there are no signs that humans ever lived in the caves where people painted. The oldest known cave paintings are in the Chauvet Cave in France. There are two groups of paintings in this cave. The first group was painted 33,000 to 30,000 years ago. The second group was done 26,000 to 27,000 years ago.p546 We know this because scientists did radiocarbon dating of "black from drawings, from torch marks and from the floors". By 1999, scientists had dated 31 samples from the cave. The oldest were from 33,390-32,410 years ago. Some archaeologists say this timeline is incorrect. Christian Züchner studied the style of the Chauvet paintings and compared it to paintings done at other caves. He thought one group of paintings was done between 28,000 and 23,000 years ago. He said the other group was between 18,000 and 10,000 years old. Pettitt and Bahn also think the Chauvet painting styles do not match the dates identified through radiocarbon dating. People from the Palaeolithic era drew well. They knew about perspective, and they knew of different ways to draw. They were able to observe the behaviour of animals they painted. Some of the paintings show how the animals behaved. The paintings may have been important for rituals. Diet and nutrition. In general. Paleolithic hunter-gatherers ate leafy vegetables, fruit, nuts, insects, meat, shellfish, and other types of fish. Because there is little direct evidence, it is almost impossible to determine how much of their diet was plant food and how much was meat. Even the idea that most humans of a given period shared the same diet is problematic. The Paleolithic was an extended period of time. During that time, there were many technological advances, many of which had impact on human dietary structure. For example, until the Middle Palaeolithic, humans probably did not have control of fire, or the tools needed to do extensive fishing. On the other hand, archaeologists generally agree that both of these technologies were widely available to humans by the end of the Paleolithic. (This allowed humans in some regions of the planet to rely heavily on fishing and hunting.) In addition, in the Palaeolithic, human populations spread across a wide geographical area. Archaeologists think that during the Lower Paleolithic, ancestors of modern humans lived only in Africa east of the Great Rift Valley. During the Middle and Upper Paleolithic, humans greatly expanded their area of settlement, reaching ecosystems as diverse as New Guinea and Alaska. The needed to adapt their diets to the local resources that were available. Anthropologists have different opinions about the proportions of plant and animal foods consumed. Just as with still existing hunters and gatherers, there were many varied "diets" - in different groups -of fruit and vegetables. The relative proportions of plant and animal foods in the diets of Paleolithic people often varied between regions; in colder regions, more meat was necessary. These regions were not populated by anatomically modern humans until 30,000-50,000 BP. It is generally agreed that many modern hunting and fishing tools, such as fish hooks, nets, bows, and poisons, were not introduced until the Upper Palaeolithic and possibly even Neolithic. The only hunting tools widely available to humans during any significant part of the Paleolithic period were hand-held spears and harpoons. There's evidence of Paleolithic people killing and eating seals and elands as far as 100,000 years BP. On the other hand, buffalo bones found in African caves from the same period are typically of very young or very old individuals, and there's no evidence that pigs, elephants or rhinos were hunted by humans at the time. Developments. Another view is that until the Upper Paleolithic, humans were frugivores (fruit eaters) who supplemented their meals with carrion, eggs, and small prey such as baby birds and mussels. Only on rare occasions did they manage to kill and consume big game such as antelopes. This view is supported by studies of higher apes, particularly chimpanzees. Chimpanzees are the closest to humans genetically. They share more than 96% of their DNA code with humans, and their digestive tract is functionally very similar. Chimpanzees are primarily frugivores, but they could and would consume and digest animal flesh, given the opportunity. In general, their actual diet in the wild is about 95% plant-based, with the remaining 5% filled with insects, eggs, and baby animals. In some ecosystems, however, chimpanzees are predatory, forming parties to hunt monkeys. Some comparative studies of human and higher primate digestive tracts do suggest that humans have evolved to obtain greater amounts of calories from sources such as animal foods, allowing them to shrink the size of the gastrointestinal tract relative to body mass and to increase the brain mass instead. Paleolithic peoples suffered less famine and malnutrition than the Neolithic farming tribes that followed them. This was partly because Paleolithic hunter-gatherers accessed to a wider variety natural foods, which allowed them a more nutritious diet and a decreased risk of famine. Many of the famines experienced by Neolithic (and some modern) farmers were caused or amplified by their dependence on a small number of crops. It is thought that wild foods can have a significantly different nutritional profile than cultivated foods. The greater amount of meat obtained by hunting big game animals in Paleolithic diets than Neolithic diets may have also allowed Paleolithic hunter-gatherers to enjoy a more nutritious diet than Neolithic agriculturalists. It has been argued that the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture resulted in an increasing focus on a limited variety of foods, with meat likely taking a back seat to plants. It is also unlikely that Paleolithic hunter-gatherers were affected by modern diseases of affluence such as Type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, because they ate mostly lean meats and plants and frequently engaged in intense physical activity, and because the average lifespan was shorter than the age of common-onset of these conditions. Large-seeded legumes were part of the human diet long before the Neolithic agricultural revolution, as evident from archaeobotanical finds from the Mousterian layers of Kebara Cave, in Israel.<ref name="doi10.1016/j.jas.2004.11.006"></ref> There is evidence suggesting that Paleolithic societies were gathering wild cereals for food use at least as early as 30,000 years ago. However, seeds, such as grains and beans, were rarely eaten and never in large quantities on a daily basis.<ref name="doi:10.1080/11026480510032043"></ref> Recent archeological evidence also indicates that winemaking may have originated in the Paleolithic, when early humans drank the juice of naturally fermented wild grapes from animal-skin pouches. Paleolithic humans consumed animal organ meats, including the livers, kidneys and brains. Upper Paleolithic cultures appear to have had significant knowledge about plants and herbs and may have, albeit very rarely, practiced rudimentary forms of horticulture. In particular, bananas and tubers may have been cultivated as early as 25,000 BP in southeast Asia. Late Upper Paleolithic societies also appear to have occasionally practiced pastoralism and animal husbandry, presumably for dietary reasons. For instance, some European late Upper Paleolithic cultures domesticated and raised reindeer, presumably for their meat or milk, as early as 14,000 BP. Humans also probably consumed hallucinogenic plants during the Paleolithic period. The Australian Aborigines have been consuming a variety of native animal and plant foods, called bushfood, for an estimated 60,000 years, since the Middle Paleolithic. People during the Middle Paleolithic, such as the Neanderthals and Middle Paleolithic Homo sapiens in Africa, began to catch shellfish for food as revealed by shellfish cooking in Neanderthal sites in Italy about 110,000 years ago and Middle Paleolithic "Homo sapiens" sites at Pinnacle Point, in Africa around 164,000 BP.<ref name="NYTIMES/10/08/07"></ref> Although fishing only became common during the Upper Paleolithic, fish have been part of human diets long before the dawn of the Upper Paleolithic and have certainly been consumed by humans since at least the Middle Paleolithic. For example, the Middle Paleolithic "Homo sapiens" in the region now occupied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo hunted large -long catfish with specialized barbed fishing points as early as 90,000 years ago. The invention of fishing allowed some Upper Paleolithic and later hunter-gatherer societies to become sedentary or semi-nomadic, which altered their social structures. Example societies are the Lepenski Vir as well as some contemporary hunter-gatherers such as the Tlingit. In some instances (at least the Tlingit) they developed social stratification, slavery and complex social structures such as chiefdoms. Anthropologists such as Tim White suggest that cannibalism was common in human societies prior to the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic, based on the large amount of “butchered human" bones found in Neanderthal and other Lower/Middle Paleolithic sites. Cannibalism in the Lower and Middle Paleolithic may have occurred because of food shortages. However, it may have been for religious reasons, and would coincide with the development of religious practices thought to have occurred during the Upper Paleolithic. Nonetheless, it remains possible that Paleolithic societies never practiced cannibalism, and that the damage to recovered human bones was either the result of ritual post-mortem bone cleaning or predation by carnivores such as saber tooth cats, lions and hyenas. Bolas Bolas (from Spanish "bola", "ball", also known as "boleadoras") are a throwing weapon made of weights on the ends of interconnected cords, designed to capture animals by entangling their legs. They are used by the gauchos in South America today, but have been found in excavations of pre-Hispanic settlements, especially in Patagonia, where indigenous peoples used them to catch guanaco and ñandu. Use. Gauchos use boleadoras to capture running cattle or game. The thrower gives the balls momentum by swinging them and then releases the boledoras. The weapon is usually used to entangle the animal's legs, but when thrown with enough force might even break the bone. Design. There is no uniform design; most bolas have two or three balls, but there are versions of up to 8 or 9 balls. Some bolas have balls of equal weight,othes vary the knot and cord. Gauchos use bolas made of leather cords with wooden balls or small leather sacks full of stones in the ends of the cords. Bolas can be named depending on the amount of weights used: Cord Cord may refer to: Howard Hughes Howard Robard Hughes, Jr. (December 24, 1905 – April 5, 1976), was an American businessman and movie producer. During his life, he was one of the richest people in the world. He was born in Humble, Texas to a rich family. He went to Hollywood and became a movie producer and aviator. Hughes broke several world records for flying aeroplanes. He created his own air company, which was later bought by TWA. Biography. Many people now think Hughes may have had OCD or obsessive compulsive disorder. This is because later in life, he kept himself away from the outside world. He lived in a hotel suite at The Desert Inn in Las Vegas as a recluse. He never left his room. He also did not cut his hair or fingernails. He had a group of doctors and other people to help take care of him. In 1972, a man named Clifford Irving claimed to have co-written the autobiography of Hughes. It was later shown to not be real. Hughes died in Houston while being moved to a hospital in Mexico. After he died, there was an argument over his will. Tarzan Tarzan is a main fictional character. He appeared in many books by Edgar Rice Burroughs. Burroughs first wrote about Tarzan in 1914. The book was called "Tarzan of the Apes". Tarzan's father was an English lord who died in the African jungle. The baby Tarzan was left alone in the jungle. Giant apes found the baby Tarzan and took care of him. Tarzan has also appeared in other media including movies, movie serials, comic books, and television programs. Surfer Rosa Surfer Rosa is the first music album by the Pixies. It was released by a record label called 4AD in March 1988. OK Go OK Go is a rock band from Chicago. The band members are Damian Kulash (lead vocals and guitar), Tim Nordwind (bass guitar and backing vocals), Dan Konopka (drums and percussion) and Andy Ross (keyboards, guitar and backing vocals). Their best known song is "Here It Goes Again". Death zone The death zone is the name used by mountain climbers for high altitude where there is not enough available oxygen for humans to breathe. This is usually above 8,000 metres (26,247 feet). Fourteen mountains have peaks that are in the death zone; Those mountains are in Asia, and they are part of the Himalaya and Karakoram. "People are advised not to stay in the death zone for more than 16 to 20 hours", media said; Shorter stays can also be deadly. Most of the 200+ climbers who have died on Mount Everest have died in the death zone. Due to the inverse relationship of atmospheric pressure to altitude, at the top of Mount Everest the average person takes in about 30% of the oxygen in the air that they would take in at sea level; a normal human person used to breathing air at sea level could only be there for a few minutes before they became unconscious. Most climbers have to carry oxygen bottles to be able to reach the top. Visitors become weak and have inability to think clearly and make decisions, especially under stress. Since helicopters also perform poorly in thin air, many bodies of dead visitors are left on the mountain. Alive in the death zone for more than one night. In 2008, Pemba Gyalje stayed in K2's Death Zone for 90 hours. Before that, in 2006, climber Lincoln Hall, who was left for dead on Everest on May 25, 2006, managed to survive. Lack of oxygen in his blood made it easier for him to get frostbite. He also had headaches, nausea, vomiting and hallucinations. He said later this was caused by cerebral edema – or swelling of the brain. This is caused at high altitude when blood leaks into the brain itself and that can kill a person if the brain becomes too compressed. Hall was left for dead when his breathing and heartbeat stopped. He was found the next morning by a team of four led by U.S. climber Daniel Mazur. Hall was sitting cross-legged near a ten-thousand foot cliff's edge, without his gloves, hat, or oxygen, with his climbing suit unzipped. Mazur later reported that Hall seemed lucid, and his first words were, "I imagine you're surprised to see me here." A massive rescue operation was assembled, and Hall was rescued. He survived for an additional seven years, speaking and writing books about his experiences on Everest, before his death in 2012 from mesothelioma. George F. Smoot George Fitzgerald Smoot III (born February 20, 1945) is an American professor of astrophysics and cosmology. In 2006 he won a Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on cosmic microwave background radiation and COBE with John C. Mather. That work made it possible to measure black holes and cosmic radiation much more exactly than was possible before. This work gave new evidence for the big-bang idea that the universe was once a big explosion. This work was completed using the Cosmic Background Explorer Satellite (COBE). The Nobel Prize committee said: "the COBE-project can also be regarded as the starting point for cosmology as a precision science." Professor Smoot works for the University of California, Berkeley Department of Physics. In 2003 he was awarded the Einstein Medal. Early life. Education. Professor Smoot was born in Yukon, Florida. He went to Upper Arlington High School in Upper Arlington, Ohio until 1962. He studied mathematics for some time before going to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he was awarded two bachelor's degrees for mathematics and physics in 1966, and a Ph.D. in particle physics in 1970. Smoots cousin, Oliver R. Smoot, also studied at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), and was made famous for the Smoot measurement of the Harvard Bridge between Cambridge and Boston. The "Smoot" length was marked in paint over 360 times on the bridge and is repainted there every year. Oliver later worked as the Chairman of the American National Standards Institute. Early research. Professor Smoot began to study cosmology, and went to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory where he worked with Luis Walter Alvarez on the experiment HAPPE, a high up weather balloon for detecting antimatter in the upper atmosphere. He then took up an interest in the microwaves in cosmic radiation which had been discovered by Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson in 1964. This work gave new evidence of what the universe is made of. Some researchers thought that the universe was rotating, which would mean that temperature of microwaves would seem different when measured from different angles. With the help of Alvarez and Richard A. Muller, Professor Smoot developed a radiometer to measure the difference in temperature from two angles 60 degrees apart. The radiometer was put on top of a Lockheed U-2 plane, but the measurements seemed to show that the universe was not rotating. It did, however, detect another difference in the microwave temperature on one side of the sky. They called this a dipole pattern and a Doppler effect of the Earth's motion. A doppler effect happens because the Sun, and the Milky Way are moving at nearly 600 km/s. They think this is caused by gravity from the Great Attractor. COBE. The measurements from the radiometer showed that one side of the sky was different to the other but this was surprising because it was expected that many differences would be found all over the sky. Smoot was working on finding these smaller differences in the late 1970s when he gave NASA an idea to make a satellite with a detector that was similar to the one mounted on the Lockheed aeroplane. This detector would be much more powerful and it would not be affected by the atmosphere. NASA spent US$160  million on the satellite and named it the COBE. The COBE satellite was delayed after the Space Shuttle Challenger was destroyed, but was launched successfully on November 18, 1989. After more than two years, on 21 April 1992, the COBE research team claimed that the satellite had detected the small differences they were looking for. This was very important in the study of the early universe. The study was "evidence for the birth of the universe". Professor Smoot said: "If you're religious, it's like looking at God." More than 1,000 researchers, engineers and other workers helped to make the COBE. John Mather was in control of the whole project and the experiments that made the COBE possible. George Smoot was in control of measuring the small differences in the temperature of the radiation. Smoot worked with the "San Francisco Chronicle"s journalist, Keay Davidson, to write a book called "Wrinkles in Time", all about the team's work. In the book "The Very First Light", John Mather and John Boslough write more of the COBE story. Mathers book says that Professor Smoot was giving news of COBE to the press before NASA did. This made problems between Smoot and Mather in the past. Recent work. After COBE, Smoot helped with another experiment with a stratospheric balloon called the MAXIMA experiment. This ballon took some better measurements than the COBE. Smoot has continued studying cosmic radiatin and now works on the third generation COBE satellite Planck. He is also working on the design of a Supernova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP), a satellite which is to measure dark energy. He has also assisted in analyzing data from the Spitzer Space Telescope in connection with measuring far infrared background radiation. Soundgarden Soundgarden was an American rock band. They began in Seattle, Washington, in 1984. Soundgarden helped create the sound of grunge music. This is a genre of alternative rock that first became popular in Seattle. They were first signed to a local record label Sub Pop. Later, they were the first grunge band to sign to a major label, A&M Records, in 1988. Soundgarden became well known with the 1994 album "Superunknown". It debuted at number one on the "Billboard" charts. Two singles won Grammy Awards; "Black Hole Sun" and "Spoonman". VH1 has ranked Soundgarden at number 14 in their special "100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock". In 1997, the band broke up because they could no longer agree on the sound of their musical future. The members worked on other projects for more than ten years. Soundgarden got back together in 2010. Two years later, they released their sixth studio album, "King Animal". On May 17, 2017, frontman Chris Cornell was found dead in his Detroit hotel room, the night after a concert at the city's Fox Theatre. Police are treating it as suspected suicide. Soundgarden will almost certainly not continue. Early band history. Soundgarden began in 1984. They first had three members: singer and drummer Chris Cornell, lead guitarist Kim Thayil, and bassist Hiro Yamamoto. The band named themselves after a wind-channeling pipe sculpture, "A Sound Garden". The art work is in Magnuson Park, in Seattle. At first, Cornell played drums while singing, but in 1985 the band hired Scott Sundquist so that Cornell could just sing. The band's first recordings were three songs on a compilation album for C/Z Records named "Deep Six". Also appearing on the album were early grunge artists Green River, Skin Yard, Malfunkshun, The U-Men and the Melvins. In 1986, Sundquist left the band. He was replaced by Matt Cameron, who had been the drummer for Skin Yard. A Seattle radio station DJ, Jonathan Poneman, liked Soundgarden after seeing them perform. He later said, "I saw this band that was everything rock music should be". Poneman offered to pay for a record to be made by the band. Teaming up with Bruce Pavitt, Poneman also contributed $20,000 to the financially struggling Sub Pop. This helped turn Sup Pop into a popular, successful record label that attracted more success with grunge bands. Sub Pop then released Soundgarden's "Screaming Life" EP in 1987, and the "Fopp" EP in 1988. A combination of the two was issued as "Screaming Life/Fopp" in 1990. Though major labels were asking Soundgarden to sign with them, in 1988 the band chose a small independent label, SST Records. SST released their debut album, "Ultramega OK". The album was nominated for a Grammy for Best Metal Performance in 1990. The band's first music video, "Flower", became popular; airing regularly on MTV's "120 Minutes". In 1989, Soundgarden promoted "Ultramega OK" with a tour of the United States and then went to Europe. This was their first overseas tour. Major labels. In 1989, Soundgarden released their first album for a major label, A&M Records. "Louder Than Love" became the band's first to chart on the "Billboard" 200. It reached number 108 on the chart in 1990. The band supported the album with tours of North America and Europe. A month before touring for "Louder Than Love" began, bassist Hiro Yamamoto left to go back to college. Yamamoto was unhappy because he felt he was not important enough to the band. Former Nirvana bassist Jason Everman took his place for the tour. Everman was fired immediately after Soundgarden got back from Europe in mid-1990. An EP "Loudest Love" and the video compilation "Louder Than Live", were both released in 1990. The video shows five live tracks made during the "Louder Than Love" tour. Badmotorfinger: 1990–1993. Bassist Ben Shepherd joined Soundgarden in 1990. Their next album, "Badmotorfinger" was released in 1991. It had some success, reaching number 39 on the album charts. But it got less attention because of the surprise success of Nirvana's "Nevermind", released the same month as "Badmotorfinger". Two singles got popular airplay on alternative radio stations and MTV. The first single from "Badmotorfinger", "Jesus Christ Pose", got negative attention when MTV banned its music video in 1991. Many listeners were outraged by the song and its video, calling it anti-Christian. The band received death threats while on tour in the United Kingdom in support of the album. "Badmotorfinger" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance in 1992. After a tour of North America in 1991, the band opened for Guns N' Roses in North America on the band's "Use Your Illusion Tour". After several tours to promote the album, they rejoined Guns N' Roses in the summer of 1992 in Europe as part of the Use Your Illusion Tour with another opening act, Faith No More. The band took part in the 1992 Lollapalooza tour with the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Pearl Jam, and Ministry. The band later released a video compilation "Motorvision". It was made in 1992 at the Paramount Theatre. Also that year, they appeared in the movie "Singles". They were show performing "Birth Ritual". The song appeared on the soundtrack, as did a Chris Cornell solo song, "Seasons". Superunknown: 1994–1995. Soundgarden released "Superunknown" in 1994. It became the band's best-selling album, partly because of the popular singles "Black Hole Sun", "Spoonman", "My Wave", and "Fell on Black Days". Upon its release in March 1994, "Superunknown" debuted at number one on the "Billboard" 200 album chart. The lyrics of the songs were dark and sad; much of them seem to be talking about substance abuse, suicide, and depression. Reviewer J.D. Considine of "Rolling Stone" said "Superunknown" "demonstrates far greater range than many bands manage in an entire career." He also stated, "At its best, "Superunknown" offers a more harrowing depiction of alienation and despair than anything on "In Utero"." The music video for "Black Hole Sun" received the MTV Video Music Award for "Best Rock Video|Best Metal/Hard Rock Video" award in 1994. Soundgarden won two Grammy Awards in 1995; "Black Hole Sun" received the award for Best Hard Rock Performance and "Spoonman" received the award for Best Metal Performance. Down on the Upside: 1996–1997. After a worldwide tour to promote "Superunknown", the band members began working on what would become their last studio album for more than 15 years. It was released in 1996. Four singles were released from the album: "Pretty Noose", "Blow Up the Outside World", "Burden in My Hand", and "Ty Cobb". The music was less heavy metal and grunge sounding than the group's previous albums. The band members said that they wanted to experiment with other sounds. In a review, David Browne of "Entertainment Weekly" said, "Few bands since Led Zeppelin have so crisply mixed instruments both acoustic and electric." However, the writing and recording of the album was stressful for the group. Thayil and Cornell seemed to not agree on a change from the heavy guitar riffs that had become the band's trademark. The album got favorable reviews, but did not sell as well as "Superunknown". The band played on the 1996 Lollapalooza tour with Metallica, who had asked for them to appear. After Lollapalooza, the band left for a world tour. Tensions continued to increase during the tour. When asked if the band hated touring, Cornell said, "We really enjoy it to a point and then it gets tedious, because it becomes repetitious. You feel like fans have paid their money and they expect you to come out and play them your songs like the first time you ever played them. That's the point where we hate touring." At the tour's final stop in Honolulu, Hawaii on February 9, 1997, Shepherd threw his bass guitar into the air in frustration after his equipment failed. He then stormed off the stage. The band then also left the stage, but Cornell returned to play a solo as an encore. Breakup and reunion. On April 9, 1997, the band announced they were breaking up. Thayil said, "It was pretty obvious from everybody's general attitude over the course of the previous half year that there was some dissatisfaction." A best-of album named "A-Sides", was released in November 1997 through A&M Records. After almost 13 years, on January 1, 2010, Chris Cornell wrote on his Twitter, "The 12-year break is over and school is back in session. Sign up now. Knights of the Soundtable ride again!" The message linked to a website for fans to enter their e-mail addresses to get updates on the reunion. Book of Judges The Book of Judges is the seventh book in both the Christian Bible (Old Testament), and the Hebrew Tanakh. It was originally written in Hebrew, to the people in Israel. The Hebrew word for the book is "Shaptiym", which means, 'people of judgment.' Content. The book contains the stories of many "judges" who were leaders who typically led the people in battle and then served as a civil leader. While not kings, these men were respected and they sometimes decided cases. That is why they were called Judges. One of the Judges was Samson who was a very strong man. He fought against the Philistines. After his girl friend, Delilah, tricked him by cutting his hair, he was made a slave. At his death, he destroyed many enemies by pulling down a building on them. Gideon was another famous judge. He defeated an army of Midianites with only 300 men. Another famous judge was Deborah, possible the most powerful woman in the Bible. She was a military, civil and religious leader. In the book, there is a pattern which repeats. The people turn from God, and he allows their enemies to harm them. Then they pray to God. He sends them a new judge. This judge helps the people and defeats their enemies. The people are happy for a time, but soon they again turn from God. The cycle repeats itself. Black people Black people is a term that is used for a racial group of people with a dark skin color. The meaning of the word is mainly used for people of Sub-Saharan African descent, but also includes certain groups in Oceania and Southeast Asia. Black people in the Americas. United States. Black people in the United States are called "African Americans". Before 1860, many Africans were brought to the United States in the European slave trade by white people. Many African slaves worked on cotton, sugarcane, tobacco and rice plantations in the Southern United States for their white slave masters. Later, other Africans came out of their free will. Discrimination against African Americans is a big problem. Black Lives Matter is a movement fighting against racism. In 2010, the cities with the largest numbers of African Americans were Detroit (670,000 black inhabitants) and Memphis (607,000 black inhabitants). In 2008, Barack Obama became the first African American president of the United States. In 2021, Kamala Harris became the first African American to be the Vice President of the United States. Some blacks in the United States are Hispanic, Caribbean or African because of immigration. Most recent African immigrants are refugees from East Africa such as Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia etc. or high-skilled immigrants from Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, and South Africa. Most non-Hispanic blacks in the United States live in the South. States with a large black population are Texas, Georgia, Florida, New York, North Carolina, Maryland, Illinois, Virginia and Louisiana. New York City, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit and Houston have the largest black population by city. The first Black people were brought to the United States by white colonizers on a Dutch boat from Angola in 1619 to the British colony of Jamestown in Virginia. Latin America. White men who were Spanish colonizers shipped African slaves to Latin American countries such as Colombia, Brazil, Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador, Venezuela, Cuba, Guatemala, Panama, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic because of the decline of Native Americans from smallpox and disease. Native Americans were initially slaves but white Europeans turned to Africans because of the mass decline of the Native American population. Many Mestizos and Hispanics have African DNA from the slave trade because of the race mixing with white people, African slaves and Native Americans. Many African ex-slaves in Latin America are mixed race and have Native American and Spanish ancestry. "Mestizaje" in Latin America by the Spanish was similar to the racial whitening that happened in Brazil. Caribbean. Black slaves were shipped to various Caribbean countries such as Jamaica, Haiti, The Bahamas, Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago. Europeans, mostly the British, the Dutch and the French brought Africans to the Caribbean to work on crops like coffee, sugar, cocoa, cotton and indigo. Canada. There were 1.2 million black people living in Canada in 2016. Black people in other countries. Germany. There were about 1 million black people living in Germany in 2020. Black people were racially discriminated and were considered inferior by the Nazis along with Gypsies. India and Pakistan. In India and Pakistan there are Siddi people. Their ancestors came from East Africa. South Africa. During apartheid people in South Africa were classified into four main races: Black, White, Asian (mostly Indian) and Coloured. Under apartheid black people were treated the most badly. Coloured people were treated slightly less badly. In South Africa, Chinese people who lived there during apartheid are classed as black. About 80% of people in South Africa are Black African. The income of the average white South African household is six times as much as that of the average Black South African household. United Kingdom. Black people in the United Kingdom are defined by terms used by the Office for National Statistics. They make up 3.3% of the people in the UK. Of course, these terms may or may not be used in everyday life. Book of Ruth The Book of "Ruth" (meaning "pity or compassion") is the eighth book of the Old Testament (Christian), and the Tanakh (Jewish). It is one of the shortest books in both the Jewish and Christian holy books, consisting of only four chapters. It is unknown who wrote the book. Date and author. The book does not name its author. In the past, people believed the prophet Samuel (11th century BCE) was the author. But the majority of scholars now date it to the Persian period (6th–4th centuries BCE). Story of Ruth. The book tells the story of the family of Elimelech, his wife Naomi, and their sons Mahlon and Chilion. Because of a famine, they were forced to leave Bethlehem and go to the land of Moab. Once there, Elimelech died, and his sons married two Moabite women. Mahlon married Ruth, and Chilion married Orpah. After some time there, Mahlon and Chilion both died. Naomi was forced to return home because her husband and sons were dead. She then told Ruth and Orpah to return home to their families and find new husbands. Orpah returned home but Ruth promised she would follow Naomi wherever she went. Ruth's pledge to Naomi is found in chapter 1 verses 16 and 17. " But Ruth said, "Do not press me to leave you or to turn back from following you! Where you go, I will go; where you lodge, I will lodge; your people shall be my people, and your God my God. Where you die, I will die— there will I be buried. May the Lord do thus and so to me, and more as well, if even death parts me from you!"" Although originally made by a daughter-in-law to her mother-in-law, a form of this pledge is sometimes included in wedding services. They returned to their home and Ruth decided she would go into the fields to pick up grain the wealthy people would drop on the ground (a common practice in that time). A kind man named Boaz, who was the owner of the field, noticed her and her beauty. He also learned that she had chosen to follow the God of Israel and that she was caring for her widowed mother-in-law. He told his workers to drop extra grain for her. When she went home to tell her mother-in-law how much she received, they found out that Boaz was a close relative of theirs. Under Jewish law, this gave Ruth the right to marry Boaz, if Boaz bought the land formerly owned by Ruth's husband. After an even closer relative said he would not buy the land and marry her, Boaz and Ruth were happily married. She would bear him a son named Obed, who was the father of Jesse, who was the father of David, who was, according to the New Testament, the ancestor of Jesus. Mesolithic The Mesolithic was a period in the development of human technology between the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods of the Stone Age. In the Palaeolithic, people were pure hunter-gatherers. In the Neolithic they were farmers in settlements with domesticated animals and wheat, with over 100 kinds of tools and with pottery. The Mesolithic was a transitional period between the two. It happened at different times in different places. Mesolithic tools are small tools produced by chipping, and are hunter-gatherer tools, often arrowheads and points. Neolithic tools are often polished and far more varied. They are tools of more settled societies with some agriculture. The term 'Mesolithic' was introduced by Hodder Westrop in 1877, though the idea had been used earlier. It was not much used until V. Gordon Childe popularized it in his book "The dawn of Europe" (1947). There is another term, 'Epipalaeolithic', which is sometimes used instead. Distinctive features. The type of tool is the diagnostic factor. The Mesolithic featured devices made with small chipped stone tools. The Neolithic mainly abandoned this mode in favor of polished, not chipped, stone tools. The Mesolithic culture can be set apart from that of the Palaeolithic in these ways: The Fertile Crescent. The Fertile Crescent was the first part of the world to move out of the Palaeolithic. In some areas, such as the Near East, agriculture was already underway by the end of the Pleistocene, and there the Mesolithic is short. In areas with limited influence of ice age, the term "Epipaleolithic" is sometimes preferred. Regions that experienced greater environmental effects as the last ice age ended have a much more evident Mesolithic era. This lasted millennia. In Northern Europe, societies were able to live well on rich food supplies from the marshlands. Such conditions produced distinctive human behaviours which are preserved in characteristic finds. These conditions also delayed the coming of the Neolithic until as late as 4000 BC (6,000 before present) in northern Europe. Mesolithic men in Europe. Genetic research has been done on the skeleton of a 7,000-year-old man from north-west Spain. It shows he had blue eyes and a dark skin. The analysis showed that he had ancestral alleles in several skin pigmentation genes. This means he had dark hair and brown skin. Researchers were surprised because they thought that European populations evolved light skin quite quickly. In lower latitudes dark skin protects from UV rays in sunlight. In northern latitudes this is not such a problem, but the supply of vitamin D is a problem. Vitamin D is synthesised by the action of sunlight on skin. Therefore, it is an advantage in much of Europe to have a light skin. Earlier research was done on data using 2,196 samples from 185 diverse populations. It showed that at least three ancestral groups contributed to present-day Europeans. Epipalaeolithic The Epipaleolithic or "peripheral old stone age" is a term used for the hunter-gatherer cultures that existed after the end of the last ice age, before the Neolithic. The term is sometimes confused with Mesolithic, and the two are sometimes used as synonyms. Yet, when a distinction is made, Epipaleolithic is used for those cultures that were not much affected by the ending of the Ice Age and the term Mesolithic is reserved for Western Europe where the extinction of the Megafauna had a great influence on the paleolithic populations at the end of the Ice Age. Thinker Thinker could mean: Agricultural revolution Agricultural revolution could mean: There are also several more local events related to agriculture and called revolutions: Neolithic revolution The Neolithic revolution was the first agricultural revolution. It was a gradual change from nomadic hunting and gathering communities to agriculture and settlement. It changed the way of life of the communities which made the change. It occurred in different prehistoric human societies at different times. Many societies changed 9–7 thousand years ago The term refers to the general time period over which these developments took place. It also applies to the developments in social organization and technology. These included the adoption of early agriculture techniques, crop cultivation, and the domestication of animals. The Neolithic revolution led to people living in permanent or semi-permanent settlements. Because of this fewer people led a nomadic lifestyle. To be able to know who the crops grown belonged to, the concept of land ownership was developed. The natural environment was changed, population sizes grew, and people ate more vegetable and cereal foods in their diet. Hierarchies developed in society. Grain was stored, and could be traded. Surplus production from good crop yields helped societies survive bad years. General process. With domesticated animals such as dogs, goats, sheep, and cattle, and crops, human society changed. Now, having crops and livestock, they no longer needed to move around. They could build better settlements. Their diet also changed. It included more oats and vegetables. People also started to keep and manage food: it was not advisable to eat all grain seeds, because then there would be no seeds left to plant the next year. Also, there were surplus in some years and that could be traded for other goods with other peoples. These changes happened independently in several parts of the world. They did not happen in the same order. The earliest farming societies in the Near East did not use pottery. It is still unclear to what extent plants were domesticated in Britain, or if permanently settled communities existed at all. Early Japanese societies used pottery "before" developing agriculture. In the Paleolithic there were more than one human species, but only the modern human reached the Mesolithic and Neolithic. Vere Gordon Childe gave the name "Neolithic Revolution" to this process in the 1920s. He thought that it was as important as the Industrial Revolution (which happened in the 18th and 19th century). Theories about the Neolithic revolution. There are different theories why this transition could have happened: Reasons why it happened. According to Harland, there are three main reasons why the Neolithic revolution happened: British Army The British Army is the army of the British Armed Forces, the military of the United Kingdom. The British Army came into being with unification of the kingdoms of England and Scotland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707. The new British Army included Regiments that had already existed in England and Scotland. It was administered by the War Office from London. Since 1963 it has been managed by the Ministry of Defence. Under Oliver Cromwell, the English Army was active in the conquest and settlement of Ireland since the 1650s. The Cromwellian campaign was characterised by its uncompromising treatment of Irish towns that had supported the Royalists during the English Civil War. From roughly 1763 and the Seven Years' War the United Kingdom has been one of the leading military and economic powers of the world. The British Empire expanded in this time to include colonies, protectorates, and Dominions throughout the Americas, Africa, Asia and Australasia. Although the Royal Navy is widely regarded as having been vital for the rise of Empire, and British dominance of the world, the British Army played important roles in colonisation. The British army was heavily involved in the Napoleonic Wars in which the army served in Spain, across Europe, and in North Africa. The war between the British and French Empires stretched around the world. The British Army finally came to defeat Napoleon at one of Britain's greatest military victories at the battle of Waterloo. Mario Kart Mario Kart (stylized as MARIOKART) is a series of racing video games and media franchise, made by Nintendo. It began with "Super Mario Kart" for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1992. To date, there are four "Mario Kart" games on home consoles, three portable games, and three Namco co-developed arcade games, making a total of twelve. The latest game for the series is. Gameplay. In the "Mario Kart" series, players compete in go-kart races, controlling one of a selection of characters from the "Mario" franchise. Up to eight participants can compete in each race, with the exception of "Mario Kart Wii", which holds twelve. One of the features of the series is the use of various power-up items obtained by driving into item boxes laid out on the course. These power-ups include mushrooms to give players a speed boost, Koopa Shells to be thrown at opponents, and banana peels that can be laid on the track as hazards. The type of weapon received from an item box is random and often influenced by the player's position in the race. For example, players lagging far behind may receive more powerful items while the leader will only receive small defensive items. This gameplay mechanic–called "rubber banding"– allows other players or computers a realistic chance to catch up to the leading player no matter how far ahead they are. As the series has progresses, each new title has introduced new elements in order to keep the gameplay fresh. Changes typically include new items, new stages, and new methods of obtaining speed boosts, but most games have also featured a new play mechanic as well. Changes new titles have brought to the series include: "Mario Kart 64" introducing 4-player racing and bringing the series into the third dimension, "'s" introducing a partner system and the Double Dash!!, "Mario Kart Wii's" use of motorbikes and twelve participants per race, and the newest entry into the franchise, "Mario Kart 7", featuring hang gliders, submarines and a new first-person perspective as well as customizing karts. Courses. Many course themes are repeated throughout the series. For example, most games have featured a circuit course, a desert course, a city or highway course with traffic, some form of a beach course, a stadium course, a jungle course, an ice or snow course, Bowser's Castle and Rainbow Road. Each game in the series includes 16 original courses, with the exception of "Super Mario Kart" and "Super Circuit", which holds 20. Most races have three laps, while some games have more or less. There are also three to six original battle arenas in each game, designed exclusively for Battle mode. So far, there are 120 original courses and 30 original arenas spread throughout these seven games. Additionally, there are 48 Retro courses and 10 Retro arenas. These consist of older material recreated for newer games. Modes of play. Each "Mario Kart" game features a variety of different modes. The following modes recur most often in the series: Other appearances. Several "Mario Kart"-related items appear in the "Super Smash Bros." series, with "Super Smash Bros. Brawl" in particular featuring a stage based on one of "Mario Kart DS"'s courses. Certain courses from the series have also appeared in "F-Zero X", "Itadaki Street DS", "Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games", "Fortune Street" and "Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games". Various items from the series can also be seen in games such as "Nintendogs" and "Animal Crossing". Merchandise. "Mario Kart" has had a range of merchandise released. This includes a Scalextric style "Mario Kart DS" Figure-8-Circuit. It comes with Mario and Donkey Kong figures, while a Wario and a Luigi are available separately. It also includes CD soundtracks. A line of remote-controlled karts are available in stores. Each kart has a Game Boy Advance-shaped controller. It features forward driving and rotates when put in reverse, instead of steering. The current line-up of karts is Mario, Donkey Kong and Yoshi. There are three large karts that depict the same trio. These karts are controlled by a GameCube controller shape. Japanese figurines of Mario, Luigi, Peach, Toad, Yoshi, Wario, Donkey Kong, and Bowser are also available for purchase as well as for "Mario Kart 64", figures of Mario, Luigi, Wario, Bowser, Donkey Kong, and Yoshi were made by Toybiz. There is also a land-line telephone featuring Mario holding a lightning bolt while seated in his Kart, as seen here. K'Nex has released "Mario Kart Wii" sets, with Mario, Luigi, Yoshi, and Bowser in karts and bikes. Club Nintendo also released merchandise with a platinum soundtrack from "Mario Kart Wii" and three gold trophies from "Mario Kart 7". Reception. "Nintendo Power" listed the "Mario Kart" series as being one of the greatest multi-player experiences, citing the diversity in game modes as well as the entertainment value found. Guinness World Records awarded the "Mario Kart" series with five world records in the "Guinness World Records: Gamer's Edition 2008", including "First Console Kart Racing Game" and "Best Selling Handheld Racing Game." Guinness World Records ranked the original "Super Mario Kart" number 1 on the list of top 50 console games of all time based on initial impact and lasting legacy. City Loop The Melbourne City Loop is where Melbourne, Victoria's railway lines meet. Most of the stations are under the ground. The stations in the loop are Flinders Street Station, Southern Cross Station, Parliament, Melbourne Central and Flagstaff. Percy Bysshe Shelley Percy Bysshe Shelley (4 August 1792 – 8 July 1822) was an English poet of the early nineteenth century. He is widely thought of as one of most important poets of the Romantic movement in English literature. Some of his poems, like "Ozymandias" and "Ode to the West Wind", are among the most famous in English. Shelley was born in Horsham, Sussex. He was the son of a member of Parliament. He attended the University of Oxford, for only one year; he was expelled for being an atheist. In his own time Shelley was very unpopular for his political and religious views and for his personal conduct. He married young, but left his wife to run away with Mary Godwin. After Shelley's first wife committed suicide, Shelley married Mary Godwin; she later became famous as Mary Shelley, the author of the novel "Frankenstein". Shelley left England and spent much of his life travelling in Europe, especially in Italy. He became a close friend of poet Lord Byron, who also left England and travelled in Europe because of sexual controversy at home. Shelley continued to write poetry throughout this time; he wrote several major works, like the verse drama "The Cenci" and long poems like "Alastor" and "Adonais", as well as many shorter poems. About a month before his 30th birthday, Shelley drowned in a boating accident off the coast of Italy. He was one of three important English Romantic poets of the same generation who died young; the other two were Lord Byron and John Keats. Romani language Romani or Romany (native name: "") is the language of the Roma. The Indo-Aryan Romani language should not be confused with either Romanian (spoken by Romanians), or Romansh (spoken in parts of southeastern Switzerland), both of which are Romance languages. The language developed outside from India, in Roman province Egypt, by Indian traders from different areas of India, who settled at the red sea coast in Egypt. It is based by Sanskrit and Prakrit, but strongly influenced by Ancient Greek, and Persian language, Old Church Slavonic, some words from the Coptic language, like rōmi "man".Loanwords from other languages in Romani make it possible to trace the pattern of their migration westwards. There are many different dialects. Distribution. The following table shows the distribution of Romani speakers in Europe according to Bakker et al. (2000) . The last column shows the percentage of Romani speakers in the Roma population in each country. Fudge Fudge is a kind of candy which is made by mixing sugar, butter, and milk. It is heated up to 240 degrees Fahrenheit (116 degrees Celsius) and beaten until it becomes smooth. Many things can be added to fudge, like fruits, nuts, chocolate, and caramel. It can be bought in many gift shops in places where there are a lot of tourists. Romani Romani may refer to: Sinti Sinti (Singular masc.=Sinto; sing. fem.=Sintisa) is the name of some communities of the nomadic people usually called "Gypsies" in English. This includes communities known in German and Dutch as "Zigeuner" and in Italian as "Zingari". They are related to the Roma people. While the Sinti were, until quite recently, chiefly nomadic, today only a small percentage of the group remains unsettled. In earlier times, they frequently lived on the outskirts of communities. Sinti's believe there Ancestors left Sindh arround 711–714 AD, about the Umayyad muslim Conquest of Sindh, by Muhammad bin Qasim al-Thaqafi. Sinti's languages is called Sintitikes. The Sinti arrived in Germany and Austria in the Middle Ages, eventually splitting into two groups: "Eftavagarja" ("the Seven Caravans") and "Estraxarja" ("from Austria"). These two groups then expanded, the Eftavagarja into France, where they called locally as (Manouches), Spain and Portugal where they called Gitanos, Calo or Ciganos, and the Estraxarja into Italy and Slovenia, eventually taking various regional names. Strapping Young Lad Strapping Young Lad was a metal band from Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. They played extreme metal. These people played in the band: Devin Townsend (guitar, vocals), Jed Simon (guitar, vocals), Byron Stoud (bass, vocals), Gene Hoglan (drums). The band went on an extended break and disbanded in 2007. Rock climbing Rock climbing is a sport where someone uses their hands and feet to climb up a rock or an artificial climbing wall. Rock climbing is a very difficult sport because you need to have a lot of strength. Rock climbers must know how to use ropes, carabiners and harnesses for their own safety. Different ways of rock climbing. Because of many different kinds of rocks around the world, many different kinds of climbing started. Doug Henning Douglas James Henning (May 3, 1947 – February 7, 2000) was a Canadian magician, illusionist and escape artist. He was born in Winnipeg. He helped to re-{popularize magic shows, during his heyday (most popular and successful period) in the 1970s. Henning's approach to magic and performing was different from earlier magicians. While magicians usually performed in black formal wear, Henning wore colorful clothes. He also studied psychology in college, to know how the human mind works. Henning is credited by many for the resurgence of the public's interest in magic, thanks to his breakthroug Broadway show, "The Magic Show," which opened in 1974 and ran for almost five years. This was followed by eight television specials on NBC (the first of which remains the most watched magic television special in history, with over fifty million viewers). In 1982, he appeared in another Broadway show, "Merlin", which ran for seven months. Though the magic in Merlin was met with accolades, critics trounced the show's book and music. Henning was a spokesperson for Polaroid, TWA, Minolta and Chrysler. He was a student of the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, and used transcendental meditation to help him focus and to relax. He tried to help the Maharishi open a theme park, called Vedaland. Henning also ran for public office in Canada, but lost the election. Henning died in 2000 of liver cancer in Los Angeles. Instead of normal medical treatments, he tried to cure himself through natural remedies and diet, but this did not work. After his death, Henning's widow kept the Vedaland campaign going. The first and only written biography of Doug Henning, "Spellbound: The Wonder-filled Life of Doug Henning" was published in 2009 (John Harrison, BoxOffice Books, New York.) Rancid (band) Rancid are an influential ska-punk band formed in 1991 in Albany, California by Tim Armstrong and Matt Freeman. History. Rancid were formed in 1991 out of the ashes of out of the seminal ska punk band Operation Ivy, which had broken up two years earlier. Following Operation Ivy's breakup, Tim Armstrong and Matt Freeman decided to form a new band, and started a hardcore punk group called Generator, which quickly broke up. They also started two other ska influenced bands, Downfall and Dance Hall Crashers, but moved on quickly from both. In 1991, after Armstrong and Freeman recruited drummer Brett Reed, Rancid officially became Rancid. Rancid's first official recorded release was a 1992 self-titled EP, which is currently out of print, for Operation Ivy's old label Lookout! Records. Also during 1992, shortly after releasing this, Rancid were signed to Bad Religion guitarist Brett Gurewitz's label, Epitaph Records, and finally released their first album in 1993, which is also self-titled. Prior to its release, the band was looking for a second guitarist and Armstrong asked former UK Subs guitarist Lars Frederiksen to be Rancid's second guitarist, but he immediately turned down the request. However, after Billie Joe Armstrong (who was in Green Day at the time) declined, Frederiksen changed his mind and decided to join Rancid. Frederiksen was present on Rancid's second album, "Let's Go", which was released in 1994 and spawned the radio hit "Salvation". That year their label-mates, The Offspring, experienced a huge success with their album "Smash". The Offspring took Rancid on tour with them, and helped "Let's Go" make it to #97 on Billboard's Heatseekers and Billboard 200 charts, respectively. With the success of the album Rancid were pursued by several major labels, including Madonna's Maverick Records, but the band eventually turned down the idea of signing to a different label and decided to just stay on Epitaph. Rancid's popularity grew in 1995 with their third album, "...And Out Come the Wolves", which quickly surpassed "Let's Go" in terms of success. The critically-acclaimed album, also the band's most successful, produced three singles, "Roots Radicals", "Time Bomb", and "Ruby Soho", which all charted on the North American Billboard Modern Rock Tracks, and the band performed two of these songs on "Saturday Night Live". "...And Out Come the Wolves" was certified gold by the RIAA on January 22, 1996. It was also certified platinum on September 23, 2004. Since the release of "...And Out Come the Wolves", Rancid would became one of the most important punk bands of the 1990s, along with ALL, Bad Religion, Face to Face, Green Day, Guttermouth, Lagwagon, NOFX, The Offspring, Pennywise, Social Distortion (the latter of which Freeman would eventually join and later leave), The Vandals, and many others. Glen Canyon Dam Glen Canyon Dam is a large dam on the Colorado River. It is in Page, Arizona. The dam is 583 feet high and it is 1,560 feet wide. It creates Lake Powell which is 186 miles long. The purpose of the dam is to create electricity and to prevent floods. The reservoir can store 27 million acre-feet of water (which is the amount of water that can cover one acre to 1 foot deep). Construction of the dam began in 1956. It was able to begin storing the flow of the river in 1963. Superunknown Superunknown is the fourth studio album by the American rock band Soundgarden. The album was released in 1994. The album is well known thanks to singles like "Black Hole Sun", "Spoonman" and "Fell on Black Days". Badmotorfinger Badmotorfinger is the third studio album by the American rock band Soundgarden. It is one of Soundgarden's best-selling albums. The album was released on October 8, 1991. "Satanoscillatemymetallicsonatas". "Satanoscillatemymetallicsonatas" was a bonus CD included with some editions of "Badmotorfinger" (like how "Songs from the Superunknown" was included with "Superunknown"). The title is a palindrome ("Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas.") Bernoulli's principle Bernoulli's principle is an idea of fluid dynamics. It says that as speed of the fluid increases, pressure decreases. The photo on the right shows this happening. The air in the wide part of the tube has a higher static pressure than the thin part. For a steady flow, the amount of fluid entering the pipe must equal the amount leaving the pipe, so the fluid speed in the thin part must increase. When a force acts over an area, it is called "pressure". A higher pressure pushes (accelerates) fluid toward lower pressure. So any change in a fluid's speed must be matched by a change in pressure (force). Bernoulli saw that while the fluid moved more quickly in the smaller part of the tube, the pressure became less. Please note that this refers to changes in speed and pressure along a single path of flow and does not apply to two different flows at different speeds. The full version of Bernoulli's principle includes both the work by the pressure and by the changes in potential energy from changes in height. In this form, the principle says the total of the pressure, kinetic energy, and potential energy is a constant. (Bernoulli does not consider viscosity or compressibility.) Book of Proverbs The Book of Proverbs is a book in both the Tanakh (Judaism), and the Old Testament (Christianity). The book contains some important teaching and instructions in each of these respective Religions. While some verses teach duty to God, many can be seen as good advice. Even nonreligious persons may find this advice to be useful. Author. Most scholars believe that Solomon was the writer of at least part of the book. Other authors are mentioned as well, but these references are missing in the Greek Septuagint. The Septuagint sees King Solomon as the author of the whole Book of Proverbs. In the Middle Ages, scholars thought the Vulgate was a more faithful rendering of 30:1 and 31:1. In their eyes the words "Agur" and "Lamuel" were only other names for Solomon. When it was Written. Dates for the writing of the book are unclear. Because of suggested authorship of Solomon, and the workings of Hezekiah's men, there are some dates that can be worked with. However, there are not enough to give specific timing to the completion of the book, though it could have been as late as third century BC Content. The first part of the book (Chapters 1-10) is mainly praise for Wisdom. Wisdom is personified as a woman. This does not mean that an actual person is spoken of. Christians believe that Jesus is the person who most shows the wisdom of God. (Colossians 2:3). Some of the attributes of Jesus are said to be found in the "Wisdom" of the Book of Proverbs. This first section also advises young men not to go to prostitutes. The center part of the book (Chapters 10-29) contains many "stand alone" verses. These are in the form of Hebrew Poetry. Each verse has two parts. The second part may give the opposite side of some advice, such as "Hard workers get rich, lazy people become poor". In other cases the two halves repeat the same idea again, but in different words. The final chapter is a famous poem of praise to "a virtuous woman". This chapter was from "King Lemuel", but was taught him by his mother. It is one of the few parts of the Bible which has a female author. Welwitschia Welwitschia or "Welwitschia mirabilis" is known as one of the oldest living plants. It can be called a "living fossil". The plant is mainly found in the deserts of Namibia. Some of these plants may be more than 5000 years old. This would make them the oldest living things on Earth. It is named after the discoverer, Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch. The plant is locally called "long haired thing". Its structure consists of a short, woody, top-shaped stem, and never more than two leaves, which are enormously long, (two or three metres) and break up at the ends. Petasites Petasites is a genus of herbs with leaves in the shape of a heart in the family Asteraceae. The common English name of petasites is "Butterbur". Plants of this genus grow near rivers and other water places in Europe, Asia and North America. In general, the leaves are very big. His root is very long and grows very quick. Flowers are white, yellow, white-yellow or white-red, they are small and in a great number. Butterbur is used in medical purposes, but there is a poison in all parts of the plant. Some species of Butterbur are cultivated as a garden plant. Death Angel Death Angel is a thrash metal band from Concord, California. They played from 1982 to 1991. In 2001 they started to play again. All of their members are from the Philippines. The members are: Mark Osegueda (vocals) Rob Cavestany (guitar, vocals), Ted Aguilar (guitar), Andy Galeon (drums), Dennis Pepa (bass, vocals) Arch Enemy Arch Enemy is a death metal band from Sweden. They started in 1996. The members are: Alissa White-Gluz (vocals), Michael Amott (guitar, vocals), Jeff Loomis (guitar), Sharlee D'Angelo, (bass) Daniel Erlandsson (drums). Trivium Trivium may mean: Living fossil Living fossil refers to life forms which have survived with little change for a long time, and which are still around today. Living fossils are not identical to their ancestors, of course. But they lived in the same or similar environments, and their adaptations suggest that their life-style was the same, or very similar. Caliban (band) Caliban is a metal band from Hattingen, Germany. They started in 1997. They play "metalcore" which is mixture of Hardcore and Heavy metal. The members are: Andreas Dörner (vocals), Denis Schmidt (guitar, vocals), Marc Görtz (guitar), Marco Schaller (bass, vocals) and Patrick Grün (drums). NetBSD NetBSD is an open source version of the Unix-derivative BSD computer operating system. NetBSD is known for being very portable (able to work with a many kinds of computers), such as a small ARM or big amd64 Opteron computers. It is also seen as being fast (does things quickly), secure (hard for people to do bad things to) and stable (does not break often). When people use NetBSD, like most software, they must agree to a license. The BSD license, which NetBSD uses, allows everyone to use, change, give away or sell NetBSD, as long as they do not take away the copyright notice and license text. This means people can make new things from NetBSD without having to give people the source code (information for the computer to make the program run). Soilwork Soilwork is a melodic death metal band from Helsingborg, Sweden. They started in 1996. They have made 7 albums until now. The members are: Bjørn „Speed“ Strid (vocals), Daniel Antonsson (guitar), Ola Flink, (bass), Dirk Verbeuren (drums) and Sven Karlsson (Keyboard). Lamb of God Lamb of God is an American metal band from Richmond, Virginia. They started in 1990. They play a style called groove metal with death metal influences. This style is similar to thrash metal but has more rhythm. Their music is very similar to Pantera's music. The members are Randy Blythe (vocals), Mark Morton (guitar), Willie Adler (guitar), John Campbell (bass) and Chris Adler (drums). Carabiner A carabiner is a metal loop, which can be opened on one side. This side is called a gate. The other side is called spine. Carabiners are often used for rock climbing, sailing and canoeing. They also are used for construction of high buildings or window cleaning. The word comes from the German word "Karabinerhaken", which means "hook for a carbine". Climbing carabiners are very strong. Many can hold loads greater than 20 kN. When belaying a climber, using a belay device (such as a Grigri or an ATC), a carabiner with a locking feature must be used to prevent the carabiner from opening accidentally. Different types. The last two types exist with and without locking devices. HMS carabiners usually are not produced without locking device. Non-locking-carabiners are often used in quickdraws. Cyclamen Cyclamen is a genus of 20 species of flowering plants. It is in the Myrsinaceae family. The genus is most widely known by its scientific name Cyclamen. It may also be called Persian violet (it is not related to the violets), or primrose (neither is it a primrose). This is because Cyclamen has been part of the Primulaceae families. Cyclamen come from the Mediterranean, from Spain to Iran. They are also found from northeast Africa to Somalia. They are perennial herbaceous aestivating plants, with a surface or underground tuber (derived from the hypocotyl) 4-12 cm diameter, which produces leaves in late winter, and flowers in the autumn; the leaves die down during the hottest part of the Mediterranean summer drought to save water. Each leaf or flower grows on its own stem, which shoots up from the hypocotyl. The variegation is thought by some botanists to be a form of natural disruptive camouflage to reduce grazing damage by animals. The hypocotyl grows leaves and flowers on stems, either one flower or one leaf per stem. The stem for leaves and flowers appears identical except in height. The leaves grow on stems of around 6 cm height. Species. Here are the species of this genus: Bambi (character) Bambi is the main character in the story of destiny "Bambi" and Felix Salten's book "Bambi, A Life in the Woods". He is a European Roe Deer. Bambi is also the main character in the Disney movies based on both the story of destiny and novel: "Bambi" and "Bambi II". In the movies, Bambi was an American white-tailed deer. Grigri A Grigri is a securing device for rock climbing. Unlike many other securing devices, a Grigri is half-automatic. It works like a seat belt in a car. The rope can be slowly pulled through, but if there is lot of weight on the rope the Grigri locks the rope. "Grigri" is a trademark of the company Petzl, but because it was the first half-automatic securing device, many people call devices of other companies also Grigri. Thumper (Bambi) Thumper is a fictional rabbit in the Disney movies "Bambi" and "Bambi II". He is Bambi's sidekick. Thumper has a total of 4 sisters and a girlfriend called blossom or miss bunny in some countries. Thumper and bambi are also both friends with Flower the skunk Jacmel Jacmel (Kréyòl: "Jakmèl") is a city in southeast Haiti, on the Caribbean coast, at the mouth of the river "Grande Rivière de Jacmel". It is the capital city of the Sud-Est "Département". The city is in the "Baie de Jacmel" ("Jacmel Bay") about 86 km south of the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. It is also the chief town of an "arrondissement" (a part of a department) with the same name. The "arrondissement" has four "communes" (a "commune" is like a municipality): Jacmel, Cayes-Jacmel, La Vallée and Marigot. Name. "Jacci" was the Taíno name for the region where is located Jacmel. It was changed to the Spanish word "Yáquimo" (sometimes written as "Jáquimo") and then to the French word Jacmel. History. Christopher Columbus gave the name "Puerto de Brasil" ("Brazil port") to the place where Jacmel is now because there were many trees called "Brasil" (English: Brazilwood) in the region that were cut and sent to Spain; the tree has a yellow substance (and wood) that was used to give that color to hair, cloths and other objects. In 1504, Nicolás de Ovando, Spanish governor of the Hispaniola, founded the town of "Villanueva de Yáquimo" (or "Villanova de Yáquimo"). But people left the town and French people came to live here; in 1698, the new town of Jacmel was founded. Jacmel today. There are many beautiful old houses in Jacmel, from the 1880s. Since 2004, the 'Festival Film Jakmèl' is celebrated in Jacmel and, since 2007, the international music festival 'Festival Mizik Jakmèl'. Many visitors come to Jacmel for its carnival, the "Bassins Bleu" waterfalls, and the white sand beaches near the city. Sister cities. Jacmel has sister relationships with: Honda S2000 The Honda S2000 was a roadster created by the car company Honda. It was first on sale in April 1999. It was the successor (new model) of the S800. Production of the S2000 ended in 2009. Models. AP1 The S2000 was introduced in 1999 as a 2000 model. AP2 In 2004, the new S2000 was introduced. Caliban Caliban can mean: Narre Warren railway station Narre Warren Railway Station is a railway station in Metcard Zone 2, located in Narre Warren, Victoria. Premium station A Premium station is a term used in the Melbourne train system for a station where there are better things than the other stations. There are currently 72 stations like this. All 5 City Loop stations are Premium stations, as well as the following stations - Gary the Snail Gary the Snail is SpongeBob's pet snail who lives with him in their pineapple house. He meows and acts like a cat. He cannot talk but SpongeBob can understand him. Gary is usually shown to be very smart. Walker Percy Walker Percy (May 28, 1916–May 10, 1990) was an American author. He wrote a novel called "The Moviegoer". Talcott Parsons Talcott Parsons (December 13 1902 – May 8 1979) was an American sociologist. He created a type of sociology called structural functionalism. Parsons worked at Harvard University from 1927 to 1973. Edward Hopper Edward Hopper (July 22, 1882 – May 15, 1967) was an American painter. He created paintings called "The Nighthawks" or "Chop Suey". Elias Canetti Elias Canetti (July 25, 1905 – August 14, 1994) was an Bulgarian-Swiss Jewish author who wrote "Crowds and Power". A mountain in Antarctica is named for him. Gao Xingjian Gao Xingjian (born January 4, 1940), is a Chinese-French writer. He was awarded the 2000 Nobel Prize in Literature. He is also a stage director and a painter. English Renaissance drama English Renaissance drama is sometimes called Elizabethan drama, since its most important developments started when Elizabeth I was Queen of England from 1558 to 1603. But this name is not very accurate; the drama continued after Elizabeth's death, into the reigns of King James I (1603–1625) and his son King Charles I (1625–1649). Shakespeare, for example, started writing plays in the later years of Elizabeth's reign, but continued into the reign of James. When writing about plays from James's reign, scholars and critics sometimes use the term Jacobean drama; plays from Charles I's reign are called Caroline drama. (These names come from the Latin forms of the two kings' names, "Jacobus" for James and "Carolus" for Charles.) But for the subject as a whole, terms like English Renaissance drama or theatre are more accurate. The year 1576 was a key date in this subject, since that is when the first permanent theatre building was built in London. It was called simply The Theatre, because it was the only place of its kind in England at the time. Before 1576, plays were acted in public halls and large houses, and in inns and public squares and courtyards and other open spaces, by troops of actors that mostly travelled around the countryside between cities and towns. Once the actors had a permanent place to act plays, they could develop their art without the constant need to travel. The Theatre was followed by other theatres in the London area; there were the Curtain, The Rose, the Swan, the Globe, and others too. More plays were written by more playwrights to fill these theatres. Playwrights worked in both the classic types of drama, tragedy and comedy. They also began their own type of history play, mainly about earlier English kings and the events of their reigns. Shakespeare's "Richard III" and Marlowe's "Edward II" are two examples of this type of English history play. Plays were often written in poetry; early plays were mainly in rhymed verse, though as time passed playwrights came to prefer unrhymed blank verse. Prose was also used in some plays, mostly for comedy. English Renaissance drama grew and developed until 1642, when it suddenly stopped. In the early years of the English Civil War, the Puritans who were fighting King Charles gained control of London and the region around it. The Puritans were against play-acting; they thought it was sinful and immoral. On September 2, 1642, the Puritans forced the London theatres to close, and to stay closed for most of the time until 1660. Then the English Restoration brought a new king, Charles II, who let the theatres re-open. In the 18-year gap between 1642 and 1660, English society had changed a good deal, and a new style of drama rose up in the Restoration era; it is usually called Restoration drama or Restoration theatre. Blank verse The term Blank verse means poetry that does not use rhyme. Blank verse relies on the meter of the lines in the poem to give structure, and to create the feeling of poetry as compared to prose. An example from William Wordsworth's poem "Michael" shows the lack of rhyme and the strict meter in blank verse – each line sticks fairly closely to the pattern of iambic pentameter: Many critics judge blank verse to be better than rhyme for serious subjects, and many poets have used blank verse for their most important works. Shakespeare used rhyme in his early plays, but in his more mature works like "Hamlet" he preferred blank verse. John Milton wrote "Paradise Lost" in blank verse, including a note at the beginning of the poem saying that rhyming poetry was used to disguise badly written poems, Lord Tennyson used it for "Idylles of the King", and Wordsworth used it for "The Prelude" and "The Excursion". John Keats used rhyme in his "Endymion", his first try at a major poem; for his second attempt, "Hyperion", he switched to blank verse. The longest poems in English literature are written in blank verse, for example "The Fall of Nineveh" by Edwin Atherstone or "King Alfred" by John Fitchett. This last is about 130 000 lines long. Many 20th century poets gave up both rhyme and the strict meter of blank verse to write free verse. Bibliography. Joseph Berg Esenwein, Mary Eleanor Roberts, "Art of Versification". Revised edition. Springfield: 1920. Cave of Altamira Altamira (Spanish for 'high view') is a cave in Spain famous for its Upper Paleolithic cave paintings featuring drawings and coloured paintings of wild mammals and human hands. It is located near the town of "Santillana del Mar" in Cantabria, Spain, 30 km west of the city of "Santander". The cave with its paintings has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The cave is approximately 300 meters long Altamira Altamira could mean any of the following: F.C. Kuban Krasnodar FC Kuban () is a Russian football club based in Krasnodar. In 2006 they won promotion to the Russian Premier League. Kuban have previously spent two seasons in Russian Premier League and three seasons in Soviet Top League. History. The club was founded as Dynamo in 1928, but was named Neftyanik in 1954, Kuban in 1958, and Spartak in 1960. In 1963 the club was renamed Kuban and has been known by this name ever since. Kuban and their predecessors mainly played at the lower levels of Soviet football, winning the RSFSR championship four times. Kuban played in the Soviet Top League in 1980-1982, achieving their best result (13th position) in 1981. In 1992, due to the dissolution of the USSR, Kuban were entitled to play at the top level instead of being relegated to the Second League. They finished 18th out of 20 teams and were relegated. After spending several seasons in First and Second divisions, they won promotion back to the Premier League for 2004, but were again relegated straight away. This happened again in 2006 when they won promotion for the 2006-2007 season and then finished second to bottom. Liiga Liiga also known as SM-liiga from 1975 to 2013, is the top professional ice hockey league in Finland. It is generally thought of as one of the top leagues in Europe. It started in 1975. SM is a common abbreviation for "Suomen mestaruus", "Finnish championship". Aurochs The aurochs, or urus, ("Bos primigenius") was a large species of cattle. The aurochs used to be common in Europe. It is extinct now. It was a wild animal, not a domesticated animal. The extinct aurochs/urus is a not the same species as the "wisent" (the European bison). According to the Paleontologisk Museum, University of Oslo, aurochs developed in India some two million years ago, came into the Middle East and farther into Asia, and reached Europe about 250,000 years ago. People once thought that they were a different species from modern European cattle ("Bos taurus"). Today, people think that aurochs and modern cattle are the same species. Modern cattle have become much smaller than their wild ancestors: the height of a large domesticated cow is about 1.5 meters (5 feet, 15 hands), while aurochs were about 1.75 meters (5.75 feet, 17 hands). Aurochs also had several features not often seen in modern cattle, such as lyre-shaped horns set at a forward angle, a pale stripe down the spine, and different color according to the gender. Males were black with a pale stripe down the spine, while females and calves were reddish (these colours are still found in a few domesticated cattle breeds, such as Jersey cattle). Aurochs were also known to have very aggressive behaviour, and killing one was seen as an act of courage in ancient cultures. Subspecies. At one time there were three aurochs subspecies, namely "Bos primigenius namadicus" (Falconer, 1859) that occurred in India, the "Bos primigenius mauretanicus" (Thomas, 1881) from North Africa and the "Bos primigenius primigenius" (Bojanus, 1827) from Europe and the Middle East. Only the European subspecies survived until recent times. Privas Privas is a commune of France, capital (Prefecture) of the Ardèche department of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France. It is the smallest administrative centre of any department in France. Today Privas is known for several confectionery made with chestnuts produced in the region, as the "marron glacé". History. When the department of Ardèche was created on 4 March 1790, the capital was Privas alternating with Annonay, Aubenas, Le Bourg(-Saint-Andéol) and Tournon. In September of that year, Privas became the only capital of the department. Geography. The "commune" of Privas is in the central eastern part of the Ardèche department, in the valley of the "Ouvèze" river, a tributary of the Rhône river. The "commune" of Privas is in the centre of a region known as the "Bassin Privadois". The "commune" has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is . The distances from Privas to other cities are: Privas is surrounded by the "communes": Climate. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Largentière is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype "Cfb". Population. The inhabitants of Privas are known, in French, as "Privadois" (women: "Privadoises"). With a population of 8,313, Privas has a population density of inhabitants/km2. It is the prefecture with fewest people living in it. Evolution of the population in Privas Administration. Privas is the prefecture of the Ardèche department since 1800. It is also the capital of the "arrondissement" of Privas and the administrative centre () of the canton Privas, formed by 15 "communes", including Privas, with 20,402 inhabitants . It is part of the intercommunality "Privas Centre Ardèche", officially named as "Communauté d'agglomération Privas Centre Ardèche". Sister cities. Privas is twinned with: Guilherand-Granges Guilherand-Granges is a town and commune of the Ardèche "département", in the southern part of France. Tournon-sur-Rhône Tournon-sur-Rhône is a "commune" in the Ardèche department of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France. It is a "subprefecture" of the department. The city is at about to the north of Valence, the capital of the Drôme department. History. Tournon-sur-Rhône, with the name of Tournon, was one of the seven districts of the Ardèche department when it was created on 4 March 1790. When the "arrondissements" were created in 1800, Tournon was one of the three "arrondissements" of the department. On 18 March 1988, the name of the city was changed from Tournon to Tournon-sur-Rhône. Geography. The "commune" of Tournon-sur-Rhône is on the northeastern part of the Ardèche department, on the border with the Drôme department. The city is on the right side of the Rhône river. The "commune" has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is . The distances from Tournon-sur-Rhône to other cities are: Tournon-sur-Rhône is surrounded by the "communes": Climate. The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Montluçon is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype "Cfb". Population. The inhabitants of Tournon-sur-Rhône are known, in French, as "Tournonais" (women: "Tournonaises"). With a population of 10,558, Tournon-sur-Rhône is the fourth largest city of the department and has a population density of inhabitants/km2. Evolution of the population in Tournon-sur-Rhône Administration. Tournon-sur-Rhône is a subprefecture of the Ardèche department since 1800. It is also the capital of the "arrondissement" of Tournon-sur-Rhône and the administrative centre () of the canton Tournon-sur-Rhône formed by 13 "communes", including Tournon-sur-Rhône, with 20,885 inhabitants . It is part of the intercommunality "Arche Agglo", officially named as "Communauté d'agglomération Hermitage-Tournonais-Herbasse-Pays de Saint Félicien". Sister cities. Tournon-sur-Rhône is twinned with: Battle of Marion The Battle of Marion (December 17–December 18, 1864) was a military engagement in the American Civil War that occurred when Major General George Stoneman, commander of the Union Army in Kentucky and Tennessee, raided Southwestern Virginia. General Stoneman's plan was to destroy anything that might benefit the Southern war effort and was approved by his commanding officers on December 6, 1864. The Confederates managed to hold the key positions on the battlefield against numerous Union charges. Eventually, the Confederates ran short of ammunition and were forced to withdraw. The total casualties for this battle were 274, relatively low for a battle during the Civil War. After the battle, the Union expedition set out to destroy the salt mines, lead works, and anything else in the area that could be of benefit to the Confederates. Location. The town of Marion is in southwest Virginia on the Middle Fork of the Holston River in Smyth County, Virginia. It was about half way between the salt works at Saltville and the lead mines near Wytheville. Since it is near the Mason–Dixon line, many of the town's families were divided and fought on opposing sides. Until the winter of 1864, the town of Marion had been protected from fighting by the mountains and geographic location. Background. Union army. Proposition. Major General George Stoneman, commander of the Union Army in Kentucky and Tennessee, proposed another expedition into southwest Virginia to destroy all facilities and supplies of benefit to the Confederate war effort. This gained the approval of Major General John Schofield on December 6, 1864. Preparations. Stoneman would use troops under General Alvan Gillem and those commanded by General Stephen Burbridge—including the 5th and the 6th U.S. Colored Cavalry who had participated in the failed previous attempt to destroy the salt works at the first Battle of Saltville. Stoneman ordered Burbridge to bring his army of 4,200 men through the Cumberland Gap to join Stoneman and General Gillem at Knoxville, Tennessee where Gillem was refitting his own command into a picked force of 1,500 men. Stoneman did not reveal the objectives of the expedition to his subordinates until three days after it had departed Knoxville on December 10. On December 12, Stoneman's force flanked and forced back Confederate General Basil Duke's cavalry at Rogersville, Tennessee. The Federals defeated and scattered the Confederates the next day at Kingsport, Tennessee. There General Gillem captured 84 prisoners, including Col. Richard C. Morgan and the brigade's supply train. On the 14th, the Union army began to push Duke's cavalry back toward Abingdon, Virginia. The next day, Stoneman and his cavalry went into camp at Glade Spring, Virginia, which was about west of Marion. On December 16, Stoneman's cavalry rode toward Marion, destroying infrastructure and public buildings along their path. Confederate army. The opposing force of General Stoneman was the army of Major General John C. Breckinridge, who was the commander of the Department of Southwest Virginia. Breckinridge's command consisted of approximately 1,000 regular troops with another 500 militia reserves. Most of the army had been transferred to the Army of Northern Virginia to help in the defense of Richmond. Preparations. Breckinridge's army consisted of Colonel Henry Giltner's brigade, (which was formed from the soldiers of the 4th Kentucky Cavalry and the 10th Kentucky Cavalry); the 10th Kentucky Mounted Rifles (later renamed to the 13th Kentucky Cavalry), and the 64th Virginia Mounted Infantry. Breckinridge's army also included General Basil Duke's cavalry, General George Cosby's cavalry and Colonel Vincent Witcher and his 34th Battalion of Virginia Cavalry. On the night of December 16, General Breckinridge and his troops moved out of Saltville, Virginia in an effort to stop Stoneman. Taking the regular troops with him, Breckinridge left Colonel Robert Preston in charge of the 500 militia men to defend the salt works. General Breckinridge sent Witcher and his men of the 34th on ahead of his main force and ordered them to harass the Union army. At about 3 a.m. (Local Time), Breckinridge and his small army began to travel across Walkers Mountain. In the last few days before the march, 4" of rain fell, making travel difficult across the muddy roads. At 4:00 a.m. (Local Time), they reached the main road near Seven Mile Ford, Virginia where Breckinridge waited for daylight before continuing. Battle. Advance. Around noon of December 17, 1864, Breckinridge's men mounted their horses rode toward Marion. Meanwhile, General Stoneman sent some of his Tennessee regiments to Wytheville, Virginia to destroy anything that looked valuable. Stoneman also sent two regiments of cavalry to destroy the lead mines and smelting facilities that were about ten miles (16 km) from Wytheville. Stoneman and Burbridge continued on toward Marion where they encountered Witcher and his men. Burbridge's front regiment easily pushed back Witcher's small regiment, who stopped just so they could fire a volley into the Union cavalry. They then continued to retreat toward Marion. Witcher sent a courier to inform Breckinridge that they were coming to join them at Marion. First day. General Breckinridge's front regiment was the 10th Kentucky Mounted Rifles, under the command of Colonel Benjamin Caudill. Caudill's men dismounted and fired into the Union cavalry, causing several casualties. As the rest of Breckinridge's troops began to arrive on the scene, General Stoneman's men secured the high hill overlooking the river. Breckinridge observed that these hills were the best defensive positions in the area; following which he ordered the men of the 10th Kentucky Mounted Rifles to charge up the hill and drive out the Union army. The rest of Giltner's Brigade also joined in the charge, routing the Union soldiers. The result of the charge ended in Confederate favor, and the Confederates gained control of the hill. Burbridge then began to form his men up in columns to counterattack the Rebel defenses. As soon as the men were in position, he ordered all columns to charge in unison. After the signal, the Union Army surged forward. The first Confederate volley of shots depleted the Union forces considerably. Even after the volley, the Rebel forces were still vastly outnumbered. Confederate Artillery commander Major Richard Page and his battery of four 10-pounder Parrott rifles began to fire, attempting to slow the charge. The overwhelming fire forced the Union soldiers to fall back with many casualties. The Union officers then reorganized their men and with a yell of their own, charged again. Like the previous charge, this charge also was repelled. One more charge occurred that day. Courageously, the men formed and prepared to face the withering fire that they knew would come from the breast works in their front. For the final time that day, the Union army charged into Confederate fire with the same results as the previous charges. The Rebels had held on to their position during the first day of battle. Breckinridge ordered his men to move forward and build new breastworks. These new defensive positions placed the two armies less than one hundred fifty yards apart. During the night, one Union officer was ordered to take positions at the covered bridge near the river. He and 75 men took up positions in and around the covered bridge. This was the only advance of that night by the Union army. Second day. The Union army that was positioned at the covered bridge fired the first few volleys at the rebels to harass their front positions. General Burbridge attacked just as the fog lifted. To entertain themselves, soldiers from both armies began to hurl insults across the fields between them. About midmorning Burbridge decided that the light rain probably would not stop falling any time soon and had his officers prepare to commence the battle. Both armies yet again raised their battle cries. Columns of Union men charged across the fields into the same fire they had received the day before. A combination of the colored and the white troops managed to push the 4th Kentucky Infantry and General Cosby's positions back. Cosby rallied his men and counterattacked, retaking their breastworks. The Union soldiers that had taken positions at the covered bridge the night before began to take pressure from the 4th Kentucky in their front. They realized their location was not safe one and some began to try to run back to the Union lines. As these men would attempt to retreat from their positions at the bridge, the rebels of the would pick most of them off. The remaining Union soldiers at the bridge decided to wait out the battle. Later in the day General Burbridge ordered one of his regiments to charge across the bridge on horseback to relieve the pressure on the trapped men. The regiment solely received a few casualties and then retreated. On the far right, General Duke was being pressed hard by the heavy columns of attacking soldiers. Seeing this, Colonel Giltner sent his regiment to reinforce Duke. Before the 2nd arrived, Duke and his men counterattacked the Union line and routed it. Duke and Witcher then combined forces and charged the Union's extreme left flank. This Union colored regiment was also completely routed. Burbridge and his men then went into a disorderly retreat. The confederate rail breastworks had held, but the holding of the line had resulted in the use of a huge amount of ammunition. Each Rebel defender had shot at least seventy-five rounds, and some having fired as many as a hundred shots. The Union army then ordered another charge with a large cavalry regiment that reinforced the Union infantry. The unexpected fighting capabilities of the small Confederate army had temporarily created a reprieve for the salt works. Aftermath. Breckinridge ordered his field officers to make an inspection of the troops and to report back with the condition of his army. The number of men wounded and killed had depleted his army to the point that he could judged that he could no longer hold back the Union army at the front lines. Ammunition in the camp was also running low; each man had no more than ten cartridges apiece. With their supplies destroyed by Stoneman's army at the towns of Wytheville and Abingdon, there was little hope of being resupplied or reinforced in time. Breckinridge then ordered his men to retreat from the battlefield. Though the men faced miserable conditions, they were confident they could hold the field the next day. Angrily they obeyed orders and silently began to move out with Colonel Ben Caudill and his Mounted Rifles leading the way. Outcome. The battle at Marion was a Union victory. The vastly outnumbered Rebels had inflicted moderate casualties and slowed the advance on Saltville, but were unable to stop it. Finding their own path to Saltville's defenses blocked, Breckinridge and his men retreated further south, while the Union raiders advanced. Saltville would fall to a night attack on December 20 - December 21 and the salt works would be destroyed by the Union army. The damage to the leadmines near Wytheville would keep them out of production for three months, and then only partial production would be possible. Salt production would not be resumed for over a month. All railroad locomotives, cars, depots and bridges in the vicinity had been destroyed by the raid. General Stoneman claimed to have captured 34 officers and 845 enlisted men during the raid. F.C. Angusht Nazran FC Angusht Nazran are a Russian football club from Nazran. In 2006 the club played in the Russian First Division, the second level of Russian professional football. The club was founded in 1993 as "Ingushetia Nazran" and entered the Russian Third League in 1994. In 1995 the club was renamed Angusht and finished second in their zone, securing promotion to the Second League. Angusht finished second in 1998 and third in 2000, and in 1995 they managed to win their Second Division zone to get another promotion. The club spent the 2006 season in the First Division, finishing last between 22 teams. After the season Angusht went bankrupt, were renamed FC Nazran and joined the Amateur Football League. Union Army The Union Army was the name of the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. It was also known as the Federal Army, the U.S. Army, the Northern Army, or the National Army. Structure. It consisted of the small United States Army (the regular army), increased by many regiments supplied by the Northern states militias. Most soldiers were volunteers but some were drafted. History. The Union Army fought and defeated the Confederate States Army during the war, from 1861 to 1865. Of the 2.5 million men who served in the Union Army during the war, about 9.5% were African American, about 360,000 died from being hurt in battle, disease, and 280,000 were wounded. Confederate States Army The Confederate States Army (CSA) was organized in February 1861 to fight for the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. Somewhere between 750,000 and 1.2 million soldiers served the Confederacy in one form or another. The exact numbers are not known because of incomplete and destroyed records. Although it won many battles the Confederate Army lost the war. It could not overcome the Union army's larger numbers and better resources. On April 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee surrendered what was left of the Army of Northern Virginia to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia. While his army was only a part of the total Confederate army, his surrender marked the end of the Confederacy. On June 23, 1865, Georgia's Stand Watie became the last Confederate general to surrender. Makeup. Much of the design of the Confederate States Army was based on the structure and customs of the U.S. Army. Both armies were mainly infantry, cavalry and artillery units. While the structure of the two armies was very similar, the number of men in each unit could be different. Many Confederate officers were graduates of West Point just like Union officers. Regiments were usually numbered and named for the state where they were first organized and where most of the soldiers came from. Brigades were usually named after their commanders (past or present). For example, the Stonewall Brigade was named for its commanding general, Stonewall Jackson. The Confederate Army had three parts; the Army of the Confederate States of America (ACSA, smallest but intended to be the permanent, regular army), the Provisional Army of the Confederate States (PACS, or "volunteer" Army, to be disbanded after the war), and the various Southern state militias. The Confederate Constitution called for the President, Jefferson Davis to be Commander-in-Chief of the army and navy. It did not call for a commanding general of the army but several generals were advisors to President Davis. Structure. Armies. The Confederate States Army included the following armies: Confederate officers. Before the Civil War, many Confederate officers were in the United States Army. When war started, 313 army officers resigned and became officers in the Confederate army. Robert E. Lee was one of those who found it difficult to leave. Abraham Lincoln had offered to make him commander-in-chief of the Union Army. But he could not fight against his native Virginia. He became commander of the Virginia militia and when Virginia Seceded, a General of the Confederacy. Many militias elected their officers including field officers. When these units joined the Confederate army, their officers were commissioned. There were also a number of professional officers who came from Germany or Britain (just as there were in the Union army). But at the start of the war, few Southern officers had any real experience. Wealthy planters who owned 20 or more slaves were not required to serve in the army and many stayed home during the war. Some served in the Enlisted rank but many thought it was unfair to serve under officers so poor they could not afford a single slave. Many Confederate officers kept a slave as a personal servant throughout the war. Confederate soldiers. Confederate officers often did not maintain discipline among their men. Many of their soldiers were illiterate and some did not know which was their left foot and which was their right. At the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863, even Lee complained about the lack of discipline in his army. Visiting foreign officials were shocked at lack of discipline and were amazed they could fight. Almost all Confederate soldiers where white The average Confederate soldier was in his early 20s. He was usually gaunt, unkempt and beards were common. It often did not fit, especially if taken off a dead soldier. Most wore a white shirt under their wool jacket. Replacement uniforms were hard to get. They would often stain homespun (clothing made at home) with a dye made from walnuts. This gave their uniforms a yellowish-brown appearance they called "butternut". Many did not have shoes or shoes that fit. Those who did nailed horseshoes to the bottom to keep them from wearing through the sole. At first he carried a musket or flintlock rifle. Later in the war many carried the better Enfield rifles taken from dead Union soldiers. Any boots, uniforms or supplies Union soldiers left behind or were captured were used by the Confederate soldiers. In camp, most of the tents were marked "U.S." Most of the Southern Artillery was also captured Union cannons. Stand Watie Stand Watie (December 12, 1806 – September 9, 1871) was a leader of the Cherokee Nation and a brigadier general of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He commanded the Native American cavalry made up mostly of Cherokee, Creek and Seminole people. He was also known as Degataga, meaning to "stand firm" and Isaac S. Watie. Stand Watie was born in Georgia. He helped his brother run a newspaper. Watie helped lead the Cherokees from Georgia to Oklahoma in 1835. When the American Civil War started in 1861, Watie started a cavalry regiment. He led the regiment in several battles with the Union Army. In 1862, he was elected as a chief of the Cherokees. Watie surrendered to the Union army in 1865. Watie died in 1871. George Stoneman George Stoneman, Jr. (August 22, 1822 – September 5, 1894) was a career U.S. Army officer, a Union cavalry general in the American Civil War, and the Governor of California between 1883 and 1887. Cornas Cornas is a French "commune" that can be found in the département of Ardèche in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. The name is Celtic for "burnt land." It has a population of 2,082 people. Coux Coux can be any of the following communes of France: Military history Military history is the history of what happened in the history of humanity that are considered to be conflicts. This could mean anything as small as a fight between two tribes or a conflict as large as a world war. Military historians record military history. Coux, Ardèche Coux is a commune of the Ardèche "département" in the south-east of France. The commune has a population of 1,466 people as of the year 1999. Cruas Cruas is a village and commune that can be found by the Rhône River in the Ardèche "département" of France. The commune has a population of 2,405 people as of the year 1999. Davézieux Davézieux is a village and commune in the Ardèche "département" in the center of southern France. The commune has a population of 2,629 people as of the year 1999. Désaignes Désaignes is a village and commune in the Ardèche "département" in the southern part of France. The commune has a population of 1,105 people as of the year 1999. Félines Félines can be the names of any of the following communes of France: Félines, Ardèche Félines is a commune of the Ardèche "département" in the south-east of France. The commune has a population of 1,106 people as of the year 1999. Jaujac Jaujac is a town and commune in the Ardèche "département", in the southern part of France. The commune had a population of 1,048 people as of the year 1999. Joyeuse (disambiguation) Joyeuse is the name of Charlemagne's sword. Joyeuse can also be any of the following: Joyeuse, Ardèche Joyeuse ()is a "commune" in the French department of Ardèche in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is the seat of the canton of Joyeuse. Joyeuse has a population of 1,487 people as of the year 1999. Geography. Joyeuse can be found in the region of Bas-Vivarais that has a lot of history. It can be found in the valley of the Beaume, which is a tributary of the Ardèche River. Twin town. Joyeuse is twinned with Jupille and Vilassar de Dalt. Labégude Labégude is a town and commune in the Ardèche "département", in the southern part of France. The commune had a population of 1,337 people as of the year 1999. Lachapelle-sous-Aubenas Lachapelle-sous-Aubenas is a village and commune in the Ardèche "département" of the center of southern France. The commune has a population of 1,264 people as of the year 1999. Chauvet Cave The Chauvet Cave or Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc Cave is near Vallon-Pont-d'Arc, in the Ardèche département, in southern France. It became famous in 1994 when Paleolithic artwork was found on the walls. There were remains of many animals, some which are now extinct. Also some footprints of animals and humans were found. The cave is one of the most significant prehistoric art sites, like Lascaux, Altamira, and Cosquer. Features. The gorges of the Ardèche region have many caves. Many have geological or archaeological importance. The Chauvet Cave is unusually large. Its artwork is well preserved and of good quality. It was occupied by humans at two different times: the "Aurignacian" and the "Gravettian". Most of the artwork dates to the earlier Aurignacian era (30,000 to 32,000 years ago). The only traces left of the later occupation during the Gravettian include a child's footprints, the charred remains of ancient hearths and carbon smoke stains from torches that lit the caves. It seems nobody had been in it after the child, until it was discovered in 1994. The footprints are some of the oldest human footprints in existence: they are between 20,000 and 30,000 years old. The floor of the cave is of a soft material, almost like clay. There are paw prints of cave bears. There are also large rounded depressions in the floor. These are believed to be the "nests" where the bears slept. There are many fossilized bones, including the skulls of cave bears and the horned skull of an ibex. There are hundreds of animal paintings there. At least 13 different species, including those which have rarely or never been found in other ice age paintings are represented. In addition to commonly hunted animals: horses, cattle, reindeer, etc.. The walls of the Chauvet Cave are covered with predatory animals: lions, panthers, bears, owls, rhinos and hyenas. Typical of most cave art, there are no paintings of complete human figures, although there is one possible, partial "Venus" figure that may represent the legs and genitals of a woman. A peculiar figure appears to have the lower body of a woman with the upper body of a bison. There are a few panels of red ochre hand prints and hand stencils made by spitting pigment over hands pressed against the cave surface. Abstract markings—lines and dots—are throughout the cave. There are also two unidentifiable images that have a vaguely butterfly shape to them. This combination of subjects has led experts in pre-historic art and cultures to believe that there was likely a ritualistic, shamanistic, or magical aspect to these paintings. The artists who produced these unique paintings used techniques not often observed in other cave art. Many of the paintings appear to have been made only after the walls were scraped clear of debris and concretions. This left a smoother and noticeably lighter area upon which the artists worked. Similarly, a three dimensional quality is achieved by incising or etching about the outlines of certain figures. This visually emphasizes some of the animals and allows torch light to cast shadows about the edges. Dating. The cave contains the oldest known cave paintings, based on radiocarbon dating of "black from drawings, from torch marks and from the floors." Clottes concludes that the "dates fall into two groups, one around 27,000-26,000 BP and the other around 32,000-30,000 BP." As of 1999, the dates of 31 samples from the cave had been reported, with the earliest being 32,900±490 BP. However, some archaeologists have questioned these dates. History. The cave was named after Jean-Marie Chauvet, who discovered it on 18 December 1994, together with Christian Hillaire and Eliette Brunel-Deschamps. The researchers found that the cave had been untouched for 20,000-30,000 years. Druid A Druid was a member of the priestly and learned class in the pre-Christian, ancient Celtic societies. These societies existed through much of Western Europe, until the Roman government took over and, later, Christianity arrived. Druids were part of the cultures of the tribal peoples who were called "Keltoi" ("Κέλτοι") or "Keltai" ("Κέλται") and "Galatai" ("Γαλάται") by the Greeks and "Celtae" and "Galli" by the Romans. In the communities they served, druids combined the duties of priest, arbitrator, healer, scholar, and magistrate. Both men and women served as druids, although there is no early proof for female druids, or druidesses. History. From what little we know of late druidic practices, it appears deeply traditional and conservative, in the sense that druids were conserving the old culture and lore for their communities. It is impossible now to judge whether this continuity had deep historical roots and originated in the social transformations of the late La Tène culture, or whether there had been a discontinuity and then a religious innovation. Greek and Roman writers on the Celts commonly made at least passing reference to druids, though before Julius Caesar's report merely as "barbarian philosophers"; They were not concerned with ethnology or comparative religion and consequently our historical knowledge of druids is very limited. Druidic lore consisted of a large number of verses learned by heart, and Caesar remarked that twenty years were required to complete the course of study. Druidic culture are believed to be practicers of rituals and such magic, Druids were believed to be a neutral people they were known as Druid(ae) similar to priests and scholars believed to have studied rituals of Human sacrifice and Familiars (Known currently as a form of a pet from a practicer; Witch, Druidae, Warlock). The Druidic culture was believed to have some form of religious complication. Druids are known to have practiced such as reincarnation as animals of worship (Bird, Lion, Tiger, Cat, Monkey), but such cannot be proved as what we know so far. They were said to have lived in Roman times in Great Britain and Ireland it is said that they have some form of connection to Stonehenge and other monuments. Lalevade-d'Ardèche Lalevade-d'Ardèche is a village and commune in the Ardèche "département" in the center of southern France. The commune has a population of about 1,000 people as of the year 1999. Lamastre Lamastre is a village and commune in the Ardèche "département" in the center of southern France. The commune has a population of about 2,400 people as of the year 1999. Lavilledieu Lavilledieu is a "commune" in the Ardèche "département" in the southern part of France. The commune has a population of about 1,400 people as of the year 1999. Druid (disambiguation) Druid could mean: Saint-Péray Saint-Péray is a town and commune in the Ardèche "département", in the southern part France. The commune has a population of about 6,500 people as of the year 1999. La Voulte-sur-Rhône La Voulte-sur-Rhône is a village and commune in the Ardèche "département" in the center of southern France. The commune has a population of about 5,100 people as of the year 1999. Viviers Viviers can be any one of the following communes in France: Viviers, Ardèche Viviers is a commune in the French "département" of Ardèche. The commune has a population of about 3,400 people as of the year 1999. History. Viviers became the capital of the Gaulish Helvii tribe following the falling of nearby Alba-la-Romaine. Druidism Druidism or Druidry (referred to as Neodruidry or Neodruidism by some followers) is a Celtic form of modern spirituality that generally promotes harmony with nature, often through the form of nature worship. It is considered to be a Neopagan faith. Originally inspired by 17th, 18th and 19th century romantic movements, early neo-druidism was based upon largely historically incorrect depictions of the Iron Age Celtic druids, and has no direct relation to the ancient Celts or their culture. Beliefs and Practises. Neo-druidic beliefs vary wildly, and there is no set dogma or belief system by which all adherents follow. Main beliefs include the Earth and nature are sacred, and is worthy of worship itself. For this reason many druids are pantheistic, animistic, or polytheistic. Shutter (2008 movie) Shutter is a 2008 American mystery horror thriller movie released on March 21, 2008. It is about a newly married couple finding disturbing, ghostly images in photographs they develop after a tragic accident. Fearing the manifestations may be connected, they investigate and learn that some mysteries are better left unsolved. Tit Tits may mean: Rajput Rajputs constitute one of the major Hindu Kshatriya groups from India. They claim descent from ancient royal warrior dynasties of Kshatriyas. They are identified with the word "Rajanya" found in ancient Indian literature and trace their roots to Rajputana or Rajputstan (India). In ancient times the son of a king was referred as to Rajput- Raja-putra. (Lit - king's son - Prince in Sanskrit) Rajput is just a shortened form of Raja-putra which means king's son in Sanskrit. The Rajputs consist of 36 different clans. These are divided into three different lines of descent (called vanshas). They are: Asopa informs us this observation after understanding meaning of word Rajputra or Rajput from many ancient texts: Other websites. Origin of Rajputs Metcard A Metcard is a type of ticket used to use public transport in Melbourne, Australia. It allows the holder to use Trains, Trams and Buses, in two zones (Zone 1 and Zone 2). Zone 1 covers areas close to the CBD, and Zone 2 covers the rest of the city. There used to be a Zone 3 , but that has been merged with Zone 2. The ticket is about the size of a credit card, and contains a magnitic strip that tells a computer what type of ticket it is. History. Metcard replaced a identical yet simpler system of scratchies used on the Melbourne public transport network. Scratchies were easy to cheat and the system was eventually abandoned in 2002, but not before tickets for many years of use were printed. Moves towards automated ticketing were first made by the then state Liberal Government in 1992. Tenders were called for the design, supply, installation and on-going maintenance of such a system, with the 'OneLink Transit Consortium' announced as the preferred people to do it in September 1993. The contract was signed in May 1994, with the major technology supplier being the ERG Group. Testing of prototypes commenced in December 1993, and the roll-out of the system was carried out from August 1996 to April 1998, and acceptance occurred in November 1997. Public field trials were carried out on buses from August 20 1996, and on rail services from September 18 1996. The system commenced full revenue service from May 1998 at a cost of $330 million. Contractual issues between OneLink and the Victorian Government were not settled until May 2002 with the payment of up to $65 million in a staged settlement. Controversy surrounded Metcard at its introduction, due to it costing to much, the abolition of tram conductors and the unreliability of ticket purchasing and validation machines. The machines were attacked by vandals frequently (often by pouring liquids into the coin slot), and have seen several revisions to their design since. Consistent with the privatisation ethos of the government of the day, Metcard's operation was entirely outsourced, with the transport operators (at that time government-owned) having nothing to do with the system. Metcard even had its own website and branding which became stronger than the anonymous and constantly renaming government then privatised operators. An study released by the State Government in 2001 showed over 1 in 4 (27.2%) of the machines at train stations did not work, and 11.9% of mobile equipment in buses and trams was non-operational. The State Government renegotiated with ticketing network contract operator "OneLink Transit Systems" to improve the service to commuters. Following these improvements, a 2002 audit showed an increase in availability of machines to 92.1% at train stations, and 98.3% on buses and trams. Usability was also improved, with tram machines able to sell daily tickets. Furthermore, vandalism across the network dropped by 62% between 2001 and 2002. V/Line tickets were aligned with the Metcard system in April 2006, with each V/Line ticket to stations in the Metcard area having the relevant zones printed on them. In March 2007 the Nightrider bus service was also brought under the Metcard system. Zone 3 was removed from the Metcard system (and merged into zone 2) on March 4 2007, due to a State Election promise made by Opposition Leader Ted Ballieu and matched by then Premier Steve Bracks. The original Metcard contract with OneLink was to last nine years, expiring in March 2007. In 2005 the contract was changed to permit the system to be extended and changed as work on the replacement myki project keeps going, with the contract being able to be cancelled on six months notice. Types of Metcards. Most Metcards can be purchased in Zone 1; Zone 2 and Zone 1 + Zone 2 types, with them being valid within their respective zones. All Metcards, except for the City Saver Metcard, are valid for muplitle trips on Trains, Trams and Buses. Piety Piety (from the Latin word pietas, meaning "devout" or "good") is generally used to refer either to Religious devotion or to spirituality. A common element in most ideas of piety is humility, or a lack of pride. It can also refer to a way to win the favor or forgiveness of God in Christianity. Anne of Green Gables Anne of Green Gables is a book by Canadian author Lucy Maud Montgomery. It was published in 1908. It was written as fiction for readers of all ages. Since the middle 20th century it has been classified as a children's book. Montgomery wrote the book after seeing a newspaper article about a couple that were mistakenly sent an orphan girl instead of a boy, yet decided to keep her. The book takes place on Prince Edward Island, Canada, where the author grew up. Sequels. Montgomery continued the story of Anne Shirley in a series of sequels. They are listed in the order of Anne's age in each of the novels. Secondary sex characteristic Secondary sex characteristics are features which make it possible to tell the sexes of a species apart. They are not directly linked to reproduction. Male birds usually have much more colourful feathers (plumage), the females are usually better able to hide, because their plumage is camouflaged. Well-known secondary sex characteristics in humans are for men: low voice tone, facial hair (mustache and beard) and more muscular build, shoulders wider, bones heavier, hands and feet bigger, height taller. In women, those characteristics usually cited are more prominent breasts, lips, eyes, long/fast growing hair, no facial hair, wider hips, more fat, and a higher voice tone. Faces, generally, make a big impact. It is the part other people interact with when meeting each other. Some features are based on necessity. The wider hips of women are needed to give birth. Babies are born through the space between the three bones of a woman's pelvis. So is doubtful to call this a "secondary" characteristic, except so far as the width helps attract mates. Breasts are also essential, but in humans they are much larger in proportion to other mammals, and they do serve to attract males. Evolutionary ideas. Charles Darwin thought that sexual selection, or competition within a species for mates explains many of the differences between sexes. Behaviour, such as male-to-male combat and female choice of males is a kind of secondary sex characteristic. Many 'ornaments' such brighter plumage, colouration, and other features have no immediate function except to improve the male's chances of being selected by females for breeding. Weapons such as antlers may serve both as defence against predators, and as status symbols advertising health and fitness. Poltergeist (from German "poltern", meaning to rumble or make noise, and "Geist", meaning "ghost", "spirit", or "embodiment") is a spirit or ghost that is able to move and influence objects. Poltergeists are said to be invisible. Poltergeists are said to bother only one person at a time. This person is called their "focus". Poltergeists will bother only their focus. They are said to only last a few weeks, then will move on to another target. Often poltergeists are reported around children and adolescents. Some scientists think that poltergeists only exist in a person's head as a result of psychokinesis. They think that the "poltergeist effect" is a result of mental trauma. Media. There is a 1982 movie called "Poltergeist". In "Harry Potter" there is a poltergeist named Peeves. However, Peeves is not a classic poltergeist. He can be seen and does not focus on bothering just one person. Pura Cup The Pura Cup (formerly known as the Sheffield Shield) is a first class cricket competition in Australia. The six state teams play in a round-robin series of 4-day matches against every other team. After each pair of teams have played each other twice, the two highest ranked teams play a 5-day final. Mercy Mercy can refer to a compassionate behavior by those in power (for example, "mercy" shown by a judge toward a criminal by not punishing him (or her) as much as he (or she) might be punished). It may also mean compassionate action by a third party (e.g. a trip out of "mercy" trying to treat sick children in Africa). The word is very common in several religions (for example, the mercy of God). Tatnet Tatnet (short for "Tatar Internet") is the name Tatar-speaking Internet users commonly use for the "segment of the Internet" about the Tatar people or Tatarstan. It includes webpages and websites in many languages. The first e-mail message in Tatar was probably sent and received in 1991 when employees of the Tatar-Bashkir Service of Radio Liberty/Radio Free Europe Inc. started using the Internet and electronic communication on a regular basis. In 1994, a Tatar-language mailing list (TMG, standing for Tatar Mailing Group) was established and this year is commonly regarded as the birthyear of the Tatar Internet. Since approximately 2000, Tatnet has been developing explosively, with many web pages and web sites added to it annually. The existence of Tatnet continues to contribute tremendously to the cohesion and consolidation of the Tatar people, a significant achievement because Tatars are despersed all over the world and a substantial majority of Tatars live outside their ethnic homeland, Tatarstan. Tatar Internet users employ Latin and Cyrillic scripts with the former gradually becoming more dominant. Tatarstan Tatarstan is an autonomous republic within Russia. The republic is about 800 kilometers (497 miles) east of Moscow. It is between the Volga River and the Kama River (a tributary of the Volga), and extends east to the Ural Mountains. Most of the people are Tatars, Its capital is Kazan. Religion. Islam is the faith that most people in Tatarstan follow. Geography. The republic is in the center of the East European Plain. Rivers. Major rivers include (Tatar names are given in parentheses): Lakes. Major reservoirs of the republic include (Tatar names are given in parentheses): The biggest lake is Qaban. The biggest swamp is Kulyagash. Natural resources. Major natural resources of Tatarstan include oil, natural gas, gypsum, and more. It is estimated that the Republic has over one billion tons of oil deposits. Charles Chesnutt Charles Waddell Chesnutt (June 20, 1858 – November 15, 1932) was an African-American writer. He wrote several books like "The Marrow of Tradition" and "The House Behind the Cedars" as well as for a short story about a haunted yard called "The Goophered Grapevine". Kansas City Royals The Kansas City Royals are a Major League Baseball team based in Kansas City, Missouri. They began play in 1969. The Royals won a World Series title in 1985. From 1973 to the present, the Royals have played in Kauffman Stadium. They are owned by David Glass, managed by Ned Yost, and their General Manager is Dayton Moore. The old minor league baseball team in Kansas City had been called the Blues. There was also a famous Negro league baseball team called the Kansas City Monarchs. The Royals name and their team color blue are at least partly in honor of those older teams. The Kansas City Royals first played in the World Series where they lost to the Philadelphia Phillies. In 1985, they won their first championship, beating the St. Louis Cardinals in seven. The Royals returned to the World Series in 2014 but lost to the San Francisco Giants. However, they defeated the New York Mets 4 games to 1 in 2015 to win their second championship. Edwidge Danticat Edwidge Danticat (born January 19, 1969) is a Haitian born American writer. Her books include "Krik? Krak!" and "Breath, Eyes, Memory", which was chosen for the Oprah Book Club in 1998. Detroit Pistons The Detroit Pistons are an American professional basketball team of the National Basketball Association (NBA). While billed as a Detroit team, its home arena has been The Palace of Auburn Hills, located in the northern suburb of Auburn Hills, Michigan, from 1988 from 2018. The Pistons will move to the city of Detroit for the 2017–18 season, sharing the new Little Caesars Arena with the Detroit Red Wings of the NHL. In 1948, the team was in Fort Wayne, Indiana, but that was before moving to Detroit in 1957. The team has won three NBA championships in 1989, 1990, and 2004. Their head coach is Dwane Casey, they are owned by Tom Gores and their general manager is Troy Weaver. History of the Americas The history of the Americas is the history of North and South America, including Central America and the Caribbean. It begins with people migrating to these areas from Asia and possibly Oceania during the height of an Ice age. These groups are generally believed to have been isolated from peoples of the "Old World" until the coming of Europeans in the 10th and 15th centuries. The ancestors of today's Native Americans were hunter-gatherers who migrated into North America. The most popular theory says that migrants came to the Americas via the Bering Land Bridge, Beringia, the land mass covered by the cold ocean waters in the Bering Strait. Small Paleo-Indian groups probably followed the mammoth and other prey animals. It is possible that groups of people may also have traveled into North America on shelf or sheet ice along the northern Pacific coast. Cultural traits brought by the first immigrants later evolved and spawned such cultures as Iroquois on North America and Quechuas of South America. These cultures later developed into civilizations. In many cases, these cultures expanded at a later date than their Old World counterparts. Cultures that may be considered advanced or civilized include: Zapotec, Toltecs, Olmec, Maya, Aztecs, and the Inca. North America. Pueblo people. The Puebloan peoples of what is now the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico, living conditions were that of large stone apartment like adobe structures. They live in Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, and possibly surrounding areas. Chichimeca. Chichimeca was the name that the Mexica (Aztecs) applied to a wide range of semi-nomadic peoples who inhabited the north of modern-day Mexico, and had the same sense as the European term "barbarian". The name was adopted with a negative tone by the Spaniards when they spoke of the semi-nomadic hunter-gatherer peoples of northern Mexico. Zapotec. The Zapotec emerged around 1500 years BCE. Their writing system influenced the later Olmec. They left behind the great city Monte Alban. Olmec. The Olmec civilization emerged around 1200 BCE in Mesoamerica and ended around 400 BCE. Olmec art and concepts influenced surrounding cultures after their downfall. This civilization was thought to be the first in America to develop a writing system. After the Olmecs abandoned their cities for unknown reasons, the Maya, Zapotec and Teotihuacan arose. Maya. Maya history spans 3,000 years. The Maya may have collapsed due to changing climate in the end of the 10th century. Toltec. The Toltec were a nomadic people, dating from the 10th - 12th century, whose language was also spoken by the Aztecs. Teotihuacan. Teotihuacan (4th century BCE - 7/8th century CE) was both a city, and an empire of the same name, which, at its zenith between 150 and the 5th century, covered most of Mesoamerica. Aztec. The Aztec having started to build their empire around 14th century found their civilization abruptly ended by the Spanish conquistadors. They lived in Mesoamerica, and surrounding lands. Their capital city Tenochtitlan was one of the largest cities of all time. South America. Norte Chico. The oldest known civilization of the Americas was established in the Norte Chico region of modern Peru. Complex society emerged in the group of coastal valleys, between 3000 and 1800 BCE. The Quipu, a distinctive recording device among Andean civilizations, apparently dates from the era of Norte Chico. Chavín. The Chavín established a trade network and developed agriculture by as early as (or late compared to the Old World) 900 BCE according to some estimates and archaeological finds. Artifacts were found at a site called Chavín in modern Peru at an elevation of 3,177 meters. Chavín civilization spanned from 900 BCE to 300 BCE. Inca. Holding their capital at the great city of Cusco, the Inca civilization dominated the Andes region from 1438 to 1533. Known as "", or "the land of the four regions," in Quechua, the Inca culture was highly distinct and developed. Cities were built with precisely matched stonework, constructed over many levels of mountain terrain. Terrace farming was a useful form of agriculture. There is evidence of excellent metalwork and even successful brain surgery in Inca civilization. Present situation. The number of Native Americans is increasing now in the U.S. by actual population growth, changing enrollment laws, and from the immigration from Spanish America, especially from Mexico, though the definition being applied to them is Hispanic. Effects of slavery. Slavery has had a significant role in the economic development the New World after the colonization of the Americas by the Europeans. Slaves helped build the roads upon which they were transported. The cotton, tobacco, and sugar cane harvested by slaves became important exports for the United States and the Caribbean countries. Lifeguard A lifeguard is a person on the beach or at a public pool who shows people the correct way of using the water facility and stops accidents from happening. They are trained in rescue situations. Lifeguards are usually found at most public pools and lakes. A Night at the Opera (Queen album) A Night at the Opera is a Queen album from 1975. It is generally regarded as Queen's strongest and most influential album. The album is in the 2005 book "1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die". It was reportedly the most expensive album ever recorded at the time of it's release. News of the World (album) News of the World is the seventh studio album from the English rock band Queen, released in 1977. The Scream The Scream refers to different versions of a painting made by Edvard Munch. They were painted in the early 20th century, and drawn using many types of materials. These include lithography, tempera paint, oil paint and pastel. The first version of "The Scream" was drawn in 1893. Two pastel drawings, two paintings and also some lithographs were printed. Jazz (album) Jazz is a 1978 album by English rock band Queen. It was the band's seventh studio album. The Game (album) The Game is a rock album by English band Queen released June 30, 1980. It was the only Queen album to reach the #1 position in both the United Kingdom and the United States. Flash Gordon (album) Flash Gordon is a 1980 album by English rock band Queen. It is the soundtrack album to the science fiction movie "Flash Gordon". Mark Speight Mark Warwick Fordham Speight (6 August 1965 – 13 April 2008) was a British television presenter. He was best known for was showing the long-running BBC children's art program "SMart". He found his fiancee, Natasha Collins, also a BBC presenter dead at their flat in London on January 2008. He was then arrested as a suspect, but was released without any charges put against him. On 13 April 2008, police found his body hanging from the roof of the MacMillan House in London. Mettingen Mettingen is a municipality in the district of Steinfurt, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Geography. Mettingen is about east of Rheine and west of Osnabrück. Places close to Mettingen. Villages close to Mettingen are Recke in the west, Neuenkirchen, (Lower Saxony) in the north, Ibbenbüren in the south and Westerkappeln in the east. Notable persons. The founders of the textile company C&A, Clemens and August Brenninkmeyer, were born in Mettingen. Also Annika Suthe, participant of the 2004 Summer Olympics (javelin throw) was born there. Mauves Mauves is a village and commune of the Ardèche "département" in the center of southern France. It has a population of about 1,100 people as of the year 1999. Mercuer Mercuer is a village and commune of the Ardèche "département" in the center of southern France. The commune has a population of about 1,000 people as of the year 1999. Le Pouzin Le Pouzin is a village and commune of the Ardèche "département" in the center of southern France. The commune has a population of about 2,700 people as of the year 1999. Quintenas Quintenas is a village and commune of the Ardèche "département" in the center of southern France. The commune had a population of about 1,200 people as of the year 1999. Rochemaure Rochemaure is a "commune" in the Ardèche "département" in the southern part of France. The commune has a population of about 1,800 people as of the year 1999. Rosières Rosières can be any of the following places in France: Rosières, Ardèche Rosières is a commune of the Ardèche "département" in the south-eastern part of France. The commune has a population of about 1,000 people as of the year 1999. Ruoms Ruoms is a "commune" of the Ardèche "département" in the southern part of France. The commune has a population of about 2,100 people as of the year 1999. Ucel Ucel is a town and commune in the Ardèche "département", in the southern part of France. The commune has a population of about 1,700 people as of the year 1999. Tokio Jokio Tokio Jokio is a 1943 Looney Tunes propaganda short movie directed by U.S. Corporal Norman McCabe and released to movie theaters by RKO Radio Pictures. It stars Mel Blanc. The movie presents itself as a Tokyo newscast about all areas of everyday living in Japan, with the Japanese depicted as being incompetent. The film has been controversial for its racist depictions of Japanese people. List of Solar System objects This is a list of Solar System objects by orbit, by distance from the sun. Most named objects in this list have a diameter of 500 km or more. The Solar System also contains: Daimyo The () were powerful feudal rulers from the 10th century to the early 19th century in Japan. Each daimyo had control over a part of the country. The Shogun had power over the daimyo. Shugo daimyo. The first daimyo were called the . Edo daimyo. The Edo period began in 1600 after the Battle of Sekigahara. The Shogun changed the power and position of the daimyo. Sankin Kotai. Sankin kotai was a system to control daimyo. The shogun made the daimyo come to Edo every other year. Evil on Your Mind "Evil on Your Mind" is the name of a popular country music song, originally made famous by Grand Ole Opry star, Jan Howard in 1966. In the mid-60s, Jan Howard was not acquiring any significant hits. Only one of her songs hit the Top 20, which was in 1960 with, "The One You Slip Around With", which hit No. 13. In 1966, Howard wrote and released her first single of the year, "Evil on Your Mind". The song was written by Howard, and talked of her troubled marriage to legendary singer-songwriter, Harlan Howard. The song hit the Top 5 on the Billboard Country music charts, peaking at No. 5 there. Soon an album of the same name was released that year, featuring Howard's big hit. A follow-up single was released that titled, "Bad Seed" which hit the Top 10 that year, proving a successful follow-up for Howard. The song set the stage for a number of Top 20 and Top 10 hits Howard would have as a solo and duet artist between 1966 and 1971. The song talks about a husband trying to convince his wife to visit her sister out west, but the narrator (the wife) notices that something is going on, which her husband is trying to hide. She believes he's thiking of having an affair, which she calls, "evil on your mind". The song has been mentioned the in the book, "Heartaches By the Number: The 500 Greatest Country Singles". A rock music group titled, The Stumbleweeds recorded Howard's "Evil on Your Mind". Jan Howard Jan Howard (born Lula Grace Johnson; March 13, 1929 – March 28, 2020) was an American country music singer-songwriter and Grand Ole Opry star. She was one of country music's trailblazing female vocalists during the height of her career in the mid-1960s. Her last name (Howard) comes from her ex-husband, legendary singer-songwriter, Harlan Howard. Jan Howard's bigggest hit and signature song is the 1966 classic Country hit, "Evil on Your Mind", which has been featured in the book, "Heartaches By the Number: The 500 Greatest Country Music Singles". In the late 60s and early 70s, she dueted with Bill Anderson, on a number of hits that hit the Top 10, including the No. 1 hit "For Loving You". Howard died on March 28, 2020 in Gallatin, Tennessee of pneumonia at the age of 91. Howell County, Missouri Howell County is a county in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of 2000, 37,238 people lived there. Its county seat is West Plains. Howell County was organized on March 2, 1857, from Oregon County. It was named for James Howell, who made the first settlement in Howell Valley. Oregon County, Missouri Oregon County is a county in the U.S. state of Missouri. It was organized in 1845 and named for the Oregon Territory. As of 2000, 10,344 people lived there. Its county seat is Alton. Oregon Territory The Oregon Territory is the name that was applied first to the unorganized Oregon Country claimed by both the United States and Britain (but normally referred to as the Oregon Country). In 1846 the two countries agreed to split this territory. The organized U.S. territory formed from the southern part was also called "Oregon Territory" when it existed, between 1848 and 1859. The Territory of Oregon was organized on August 14, 1848, by an act of Congress out of the U.S. portion of the Oregon Country below the 49th parallel north. It originally included all of the present-day states of Idaho, Oregon and Washington, as well as Montana west of the Continental Divide, and Wyoming west of the Continental Divide and north of the 42nd parallel north—the northern border of the Mexican Cession. The first territorial capital was in Oregon City. The capital was later moved to Salem in 1851. In 1853, the portion of the territory north of the lower Columbia River and north of the 46th parallel east of the river was organized into the Washington Territory. On February 14, 1859, the territory entered the Union as the U.S. state of Oregon within its current boundaries. The remaining eastern portion of the territory (the portions in present-day southern Idaho and western Wyoming) was added to the Washington Territory. In 1861 and then 1863, portions to the east were organized into the Nebraska Territory and Idaho Territory (respectively.) Continental divide A continental divide is a line of raised ground that creates a border between two watersheds. Water falling on one side of the line travels to one ocean, and water on the other side travels to another, perhaps on the other side of the continent. Because the exact border between bodies of water is usually not very easy to see, the continental divide is not always clear. The International Hydrographic Organization's publication "Limits of Oceans and Seas" describes the exact boundaries of oceans, but it is not recognized around the world. A complication is that some rivers empty into deserts or inland seas, and so do not end up in the ocean. Terrain Terrain, or relief, is the third or vertical dimension of land surface (aka "up and down" dimension.) When relief is described underwater, the term bathymetry is used. Topography has recently become an additional synonym, though in many parts of the world it retains its original more general meaning of description of place. Terrain is used as a general term in physical geography, referring to the lie of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation (height of the land,) slope (angle of the elevation,) and orientation of terrain features. Terrain affects surface water flow and distribution. Over a large area, it can affect weather and climate patterns First Baptist Church of Hammond The First Baptist Church of Hammond (or FBCHammond) is a fundamental Independent Baptist church in Hammond, Indiana. It is the largest church in the state of Indiana and one of the largest churches in the United States. It was founded in 1887. It was under Jack Hyles' leadership from 1959-2001 that it became a megachurch, one of the first in the United States, with a steady weekly attendance of around 20,000. It also operates Hyles-Anderson College and two K-12 schools, named "City Baptist Schools" (for children of the bus route of the church) and "Hammond Baptist Schools" (for children of the members of the church). Jack Schaap, Hyles' son-in-law, succeeded as pastor after Hyles' death for 11 years until he was fired in 2012 for having sex with a 16 year old girl. History. First Baptist Church was founded in November 1887 by Allen Hill of Jennings County, Indiana. Its first meeting was on 14 November 1887 with 12 members on the 28th. However, it originally met in the Morton House Hotel which stood on what is currently the 100 block of Willow Court. Allen Hill's was their pastor for around 4 months. By April 1888, B.P. Hewitt became the church's permanent pastor and Allen Hill went on to start several other churches. Needing more room, Hewitt moved the church's meeting place to the Hohman Opera House at the corner of State and Hohman streets. In 1889, the church erected its own structure for $2,358 when Marcus Towle, Hammond's first mayor and a member of FBC, donated land on "Sibley Street" to the church. On January 3, 1901, Pastor E.T. Carter proposed a new building, and the first service was held on 14 April 1901. On 27 November of that same year, Pastor Carter announced his resignation for a job at the Central Baptist Orphanage in Michigan. Church leaders. Dr. Jack Schaap. Dr. Jack Schaap (born October 1, 1957), was the Pastor of the First Baptist Church of Hammond, Indiana until July of 2012. Following the death of the former pastor Dr. Jack Hyles, he became the pastor of the largest church in Indiana, and with their average weekly attendance of more than 20,000, it has become one of the largest churches in America. Schaap was fired for having a sexual relationship with a 16 year old girl. This affair happened in multiple states and is being investigated by local and national authorities. He was also the chancellor of Hyles-Anderson College. On June 1, 1979, he married Mrs. Cindy Schaap. Dr. and Mrs. Schaap have been married for 28 years and now have two children, Jaclynn and Kenny. Dr. Jack Hyles. Jack Frasure Hyles (September 25, 1926 – February 6, 2001) was a leading person in the Independent Baptist movement. He was pastor of the church from 1959 until his death in 2001. Yves Chauvin Yves Chauvin (10 October 1930 – 28 January 2015) was a French chemist, born in Menen, Belgium. He was awarded a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2005. He was the honorary research director at the "Institut français du pétrole" and a member of the French Academy of Science. Chauvin received his degree from the Lyon's School of Chemistry, Physics and Electronics in 1954. He was awarded the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, along with Robert H. Grubbs and Richard R. Schrock, for his work from the early 1970s on olefin metathesis. Chauvin was embarrassed to receive his award and at first did not want to accept it . In the end, he accepted the award from the King of Sweden and gave a big speech . Robert Grubbs Robert Howard Grubbs (February 27, 1942 – December 19, 2021) was an American chemist. He won Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2005. Personal life. In his Nobel Prize autobiography he says, "In some places, my birthplace is listed as Calvert City, Kentucky and in others Possum Trot (both in Marshall County). I was actually born between the two, so either one really is correct." He spent his early childhood in Marshall County and attended public school at McKinley Elementary, Franklin Junior High and Paducah Tilghman High School in Paducah, Kentucky. Grubbs studied chemistry at the University of Florida where he was awarded a B.S. and an M.S.. He worked with Merle Battiste in Florida University, and Columbia University, where he obtained his Ph.D. in 1968. He was taught by Ronald Breslow in Columbia. He next spent a year with James Collman at Stanford University. He was then made part of the faculty at Michigan State University. In 1978 he moved to California Institute of Technology where he still works as the Victor and Elizabeth Atkins Professor of Chemistry. His main interest is for organometallic chemistry and organic chemistry. These interests are for catalysts, such as Grubbs' catalyst for olefin metathesis and ring-opening metathesis polymerization and norbornene. He also produced some important work on "living polymerization". Grubbs died from a heart attack while receiving lymphoma treatment at a hospital in Duarte, California on December 19, 2021, at age 79. Awards. Grubbs received the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, along with Richard R. Schrock and Yves Chauvin, for his work in the field of olefin metathesis. CD CD can mean: Billabong Billabong is an Australian word. CBS Corporation CBS Corporation was an American mass media corporation focused on broadcasting, publishing, and television production. Until 2005, the company was known as Viacom. A new company, keeping the Viacom name, was spun off from CBS. In 2019, CBS Corporation and Viacom were merged together. This created ViacomCBS, a combination of the two companies. The merger was finished on December 4, 2019. Console manufacturer A console manufacturer is a company that makes and sells video game consoles. It is a multimillion-dollar industry. History of computer and video games Video games were introduced as an entertainment medium in 1971, becoming the start for a big entertainment industry in the late 1970s/early 1980s in the United States, Japan, and Europe. After a bad industry collapse in 1983 and a rebirth two years later, the video game industry has experienced large growth for over twenty years. Now, it is a $10 billion industry and it earns almost as much money as the motion picture industry. Nowadays, we have companies such as Xbox, PlayStation, and Nintendo that are very popular in most countries. Jimboomba, Queensland Jimboomba is a town in south east Queensland, Australia. About 1,400 people live there. It is 21 kilometers north of Beaudesert on the Mount Lindsay Highway. The word Jimboomba is an Indigenous Australian word which means "Loud thunder, little rain." History. Jimboomba was first settled by Europens in 1845, when Thomas Dowse started to graze cattle and sheep in the area. In 1880, the first hotel, the Norfolk Hotel, opened for business, with several more hotels opened in the next few years as the railway from Beaudesert reached the town. The railway station became a loading spot for the local saw mill. The first school was opened in 1890 in the Presbyterian Church hall. Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948), is King of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth realms. He was Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester between 1956 and 2022. Early life. King Charles III was born at Buckingham Palace in London. He is the first son of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. He is the grandson of George VI of the United Kingdom and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. He was baptised at Buckingham Palace. Charles went to school at Gordonstoun and to university at Trinity College, Cambridge. He became the first British royal heir to earn a university degree. Reign. Accession. Charles became king on 8 September 2022, after the death of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II. Holding the titles Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall, and Duke of Rothesay, Charles was the longest-serving British heir apparent, passing Edward VII's record on 20 April 2011. When he became monarch at the age of 73, he was the oldest person to do so. Plans have been made for Charles's coronation. A source told the "Daily Mirror" newspaper that Charles's coronation ceremony will be smaller and more modern than his mother's in 1953. In an announcement after the death of Queen Elizabeth II, Prime Minister Liz Truss called Charles King Charles III. This was the first time anyone had used that name officially. Shortly afterwards Clarence House confirmed that he would use the regnal name "Charles III". When a British monarch becomes king or queen, they are allowed to change their name if they want to. For example, Charles' grandfather changed his name from "Albert" to "George", and he was "King George VI". Personal life. He was married to his first wife, Diana, Princess of Wales, from 1981 until they divorced in 1996. They had two sons, Prince William and Prince Harry. Charles has been married to his second wife, Camilla, Queen Consort formerly the Duchess of Cornwall, since 2005. On 25 March 2020, Charles tested positive for COVID-19. Formaldehyde Formaldehyde (or Methanal) is a chemical compound. It is a colorless gas with a strong smell. Like other aldehydes, it is flammable and toxic. It is the simplest aldehyde. Its main application is as a disinfectant. It is a biocide, this means it can kill most bacteria and fungi. It is also used to make dyes, to make textiles, wrinkle-free preservatives, explosives, and certain polymers. About 23 million tonnes (50 billion pounds) of formaldehyde was made worldwide in 2005. On May 21, 2002, a worker in a explosive making factory dropped a lighter and the flame immediately spread to the formaldehyde, which in turn caused to fire to blaze abnormally. This caused 17 known deaths and 39 known injuries. These days, the chemical is used less frequently. Tulu language Tulu is a language spoken in south India, mainly in the states of Karnataka and Kerala. In Karnataka it is spoken mainly in the district of Dakshina Kannada. In Kerala it is spoken in the Kasargod district. The area where Tulu is spoken is sometimes called Tulunadu. Dialects. There are various dialects. The most important are: bunt SMart SMart is a long running children’s art show. The presenters show how to create pictures from items easily found around the house. The show has a number of spin offs, because it is so popular. Some of these are Hot Space Hot Space is an album by English rock band Queen, released in 1982. The Works (Queen album) The Works is a 1984 pop/rock album by English band Queen. It was the band's eleventh studio album. A Kind of Magic A Kind of Magic is a 1986 album by English rock band Queen. It was the band's twelfth studio album, and is based on the soundtrack to the movie "Highlander". The Miracle (album) The Miracle is a 1989 album by English rock band Queen. It was the band's thirteenth studio album. Innuendo (album) Innuendo is a 1991 album by English rock band Queen. It is the band's fourteenth studio album and the last to be composed entirely of new material. It is also their final studio album to be released while lead singer Freddie Mercury was still alive. Made in Heaven Made in Heaven is Queen's fifteenth studio album, released in November 1995. After Freddie Mercury's death in 1991, the remaining band members John Deacon, Roger Taylor and Brian May worked with vocals that Mercury had previously recorded, along with newly recorded lyrics by the remaining band members. "Made In Heaven" was the last studio album performed by all four original band members. Sassanid Empire The Sassanid Empire or Sasanian Dynasty is the name used for the Persian dynasty which lasted from 224 to 651 AD. The Sassanid Empire, which succeeded the Parthian Empire, was recognized as one of the two great powers in Western Asia, alongside the Roman Empire and later the Byzantine Empire, for more than 400 years. King of kings. The Sassanid dynasty was founded by Ardashir I when he had defeated the last Parthian (Arsacid) king, Artabanus IV, and ended when the last Sassanid Shahanshah ("King of Kings"), Yazdegerd III (632–651), lost a 14-year struggle to drive out the early Arab Caliphate, the first of the Islamic empires. The Sassanid Empire's traditional territory included all of today's Iran, Iraq, Armenia, Afghanistan, Egypt, eastern parts of Turkey, and parts of Syria, Pakistan, Caucasia, Central Asia and Arabia. The Sassanid era is considered to be one of the most important and influential historical periods in Iran. In many ways the Sassanid period saw the highest achievement of Persian civilization, and constituted the last great Iranian Empire before the Muslim conquest and adoption of Islam. Persia influenced Roman civilization considerably during the Sassanids' times,p109 and the Romans reserved for the Sassanid Persians alone the status of equals. The Roman Emperor wrote letters to the Persian Shahanshah, which were addressed to "my brother". Their cultural influence extended far beyond the empire's territorial borders, reaching as far as Western Europe, Africa, China and India, and played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asiatic medieval art. This influence carried forward to the early Islamic world. The dynasty's unique, aristocratic culture transformed the Islamic conquest of Iran into a Persian renaissance. Much of what later became known as Islamic culture, architecture, writing and other skills were borrowed mainly from the Sassanid Persians and propagated throughout the broader Muslim world. Decline. In the spring of 632, a grandson of Khosrau I, Yazdegerd III who had lived in hiding, ascended the throne. In that same year, the first raiders from the Arab tribes made their raids into Persian territory. They were united by Islam. Years of warfare had exhausted both the Byzantines and the Persians. The Sassanids were further weakened by economic decline, heavy taxation, religious unrest, rigid social stratification, the increasing power of the provincial landholders, and a rapid turnover of rulers. These factors made the Islamic conquest of Persia easier than it would have been in earlier times. The Sassanids never mounted a truly effective resistance to the pressure applied by the Muslim conquests. Sassanid Empire chronology. 226–241: Reign of Ardashir I: 241–271: Reign of Shapur I: 271–301: A period of dynastic struggles. 283: War with Rome. Romans sack Ctesiphon. 296-8: War with Rome. Persia cedes five provinces east of the Tigris to Rome. 309–379: Reign of Shapur II "the Great": 387: Armenia partitioned into Roman and Persian zones. 399–420: Reign of Yazdegerd I "the Sinner": 420–438: Reign of Bahram V: 438–457: Reign of Yazdegerd II: 482-3: Armenian and Iberian revolt. 483: Edict of Toleration granted to Christians. 484: Peroz I defeated and killed by Hephthalites. 491: Armenian revolt. Armenian Church repudiates the Council of Chalcedon: 502-506: War with Constantinople. 526-532: War with Constantinople. 531–579: Reign of Khosrau I, "with the immortal soul" (Anushirvan) 540–562: War with Constantinople. 572-591: War with Constantinople. Persia cedes much of Armenia and Iberia to Constantinople. 590–628: Reign of Khosrau II 603–628: War with Byzantium. Persia occupies Byzantine Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and the Transcaucasus, before being driven to withdraw to pre-war frontiers by Byzantine counter-offensive. 610: Arabs defeat a Sassanid army at Dhu-Qar. 626: Unsuccessful siege of Constantinople by Avars and Persians. 627: Byzantine Emperor Heraclius invades Assyria and Mesopotamia. Decisive defeat of Persian forces at the battle of Nineveh. 628–632: Chaotic period of multiple rulers. 632–642: Reign of Yazdegerd III. 636: Decisive Sassanid defeat at the Battle of al-Qadisiyyah during the Islamic conquest of Persia. 642: Final victory of Arabs when Persian army destroyed at Nahavand (Nehavand). 651: Last Sassanid ruler Yazdegerd III murdered at Merv, present-day Turkmenistan, ending the dynasty. His son Firuz and many others went into exile in China. Edguy Edguy is a metal band from Fulda, Germany. Their style of metal is power metal. They formed in 1992. The members right now are: Tobias Sammet (vocals), Jens Ludwig (guitar), Dirk Sauer (guitar), Tobias Exxel (bass), Felix Bohnke (drums). Turbonegro Turbonegro is a punk band from Oslo, Norway. They formed in 1989. They call their style "deathpunk", which is a mixture of punk and hard rock. The members are: Hank von Hell (vocals), Happy-Tom (bass), Euroboy (guitar), Pål Pot Pamparius (guitar, keyboard), Tomas Dahl (drums) Friends of the band are Bam Margera. Cheek Cheeks (also called the buccal cavity) are the area of the face under the eyes and between the nose and the ears. It is fleshy in humans and mammals, the skin being held up by the chin and the jaws, and making the wall of the human mouth, touching the cheekbone below the eye. In animals, markings on the cheek area (i.e. stripes/spots), often are features between species or individuals. Simony Simony means that one pays for an office or a position in the hierarchy of Christian church. It is an offense against canon law. Simony became widespread in the Catholic Church in the 9th and 10th centuries. The name comes from Simon Magus, who appears in the Acts of the Apostles 8:18-24. Simon Magus offers the disciples of Jesus, Peter and John, payment so that anyone he would place his hands on would receive the power of the Holy Spirit. This is the origin of the term "simony". but it also extends to other forms of trafficking for money in "spiritual things". Catholic Church. In the Middle Ages there were problems with simony and accusations of simony, especially during the Investiture Controversy. Rulers wanted to employ the educated and centrally organized clergy in their administrations. Flesh Flesh is the soft part of the body between the skin and the bones. It is sometimes compared to bones, in the saying "flesh and bone". If it is to be eaten, it is normally called meat instead. Locomotive In rail transport, a locomotive is the part of a train that makes the train move. Normally, it is the first part of the train, and has an engine. Some trains do not have a separate locomotive; they have motors in the other parts of the train. Diesel locomotive. A diesel locomotive is powered by a diesel engine. The diesel engine may drive the locomotive's wheels directly via a gearbox, shaft or chain (called mechanical transmission) or by using a hydraulic transmission system (diesel-hydraulic). Most of the locomotives in the world are diesel-electric, due to their ease of use and reliability. They generate electricity and use it to power the wheels. They can be more powerful than steam locomotives and do not need an expensive power grid like electric locomotives. Steam locomotive. A steam locomotive uses wood, coal or oil (but mostly coal) as fuel to heat water in a boiler, which turns into steam which pushes pistons to power the train. Steam locomotives were invented in the early 19th century. They are not widely used any more due to their operational costs, especially the fuel costs; steam locomotives are now mostly only used on tourist railroads. Electric locomotive. An electric locomotive runs on electricity as the name suggests. Electric locomotives cost the least to buy and operate. However, the railway electrification system is very expensive, so only tracks used by many trains per day are usually electrified. Thus, electrics are only the second next used type, behind diesel locomotives. The Man Who Knew Too Much The Man Who Knew Too Much is a 1934 suspense movie directed by Alfred Hitchcock and released by the Gaumont British company. It was one of the most successful and critically acclaimed movies of Hitchcock's British period. Hitchcock remade the movie in 1956 for Paramount Pictures, the only one of his movies that he ever remade. The two movies are however very different in tone, in setting, and in many plot details. Regent A regent is a position of government in a country where there is a monarchy (like a king or queen). They're an "acting monarch", and does the job of a monarch where the real monarch is either too young, sick or cannot do what he is meant to for some other reason. They may also be voted in if there are no monarchs in line to the throne, for instance, if the current monarch does not have any relatives when they die. Transcendental Meditation The Transcendental Meditation technique, or TM technique is a kind of meditation that was developed by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. Today, the name is trademarked. The meditation technique is practiced while sitting down with the eyes closed and is practiced twice a day. Reviews of studies on the effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique show some results are not definite while some reviews of studies show patterns of positive effects. Procedure. The Transcendental Meditation technique is learned in seven steps. There are two lectures and a personal interview. This is followed by a session in which the student learns how to meditate. In three more sessions the meditation is checked to make sure the technique is being done correctly. Goal. The goal of the Transcendental Meditation technique is said to be that the meditator continue to feel the deep rest, and the comfort of the meditation while living everyday life. Origin. In 1955, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (born Mahesh Prasad Varma) began teaching a meditation technique he says was based on the Vedas. He gave this method for meditation the name, Transcendental Meditation. Before this, Maharishi had studied with his teacher Swami Brahmananda Saraswati, and was also his secretary from 1941 until Brahmananda Saraswati's death in 1953. In 1957, Maharishi began the Spiritual Regeneration Movement in Madras, India, on the last day of a festival held in memory of his teacher. In 1958, he began the first of a number of worldwide tours in which he began to teach the TM technique to people around the world. In the early 1970s, Maharishi began to establish one Transcendental Meditation teaching center for each million of the people in the world, which at that time would have meant 3,600 Transcendental Meditation centers throughout the world. In 1990, Maharishi moved to the town of Vlodrop, in the Netherlands, where he began an organization he called The Global Country of World Peace that takes care of all of the teaching of the Transcendental Meditation technique around the world. The Global Country of World Peace says there are more than 6 million people worldwide who have learned the Transcendental Meditation technique. Effects on the Body. Transcendental Meditation has been researched since 1970. The earliest study, done in 1970, showed that with the Transcendental Meditation technique the body rests deeply, but is not asleep, and is alert. This study also showed that with the Transcendental Meditation technique stress became less. According to one study Transcendental Meditation has been found to not have any advantages over health education in improving a persons health. The Transcendental Meditation technique, religion, and cults. Transcendental Meditation websites say the Transcendental Meditation technique does not interfere with a person's religion. In 2013, Monsignor Raffaello Martinelli, servicing Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, having worked for over 23 years with Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI), said that for his Meditation, a Christian can learn from other religious traditions (zen, yoga, controlled respiration, Mantra):" "As long as the Catholic Church rejects nothing of what is true and holy in these religions, we should not despise these indications since non-Christian. Instead, we can collect from them what is useful, provided you never lose sight of the Christian conception of prayer, its logic and requirements, since it is within this that all these fragments must be reformulated and assumed.../...»". In 1984, Cardinal Sin, an Archbishop in the Catholic Church stated that the Transcendental Meditation technique interferes with Christian religions. And other clergy believe the technique does not interfere with religious belief and practices. Experts on cults say those who use the Transcendental Meditation technique may show cult-like actions, while David Orme-Johnson, a psychologist and researcher who was once a professor at Maharishi University of Management, says studies show that those who use the Transcendental Meditation technique act in ways that are adult and self – sufficient, and do not act in the way people in cults are said to act. Honshū is the biggest island of Japan. Honshū is also Japan's main island. It is south of Hokkaidō across the Tsugaru Strait, north of Shikoku across the Seto Inland Sea, and northeast of Kyūshū across the Kanmon Strait. It is the seventh biggest island, and is the island with the second highest number of people in the world after Java. History. In March 2011, the east coast of Honshu was struck by a huge earthquake and a following tsunami. Most Haunted Live! Most Haunted Live is a British paranormal television program based on investigating possible paranormal activity. It is shown on the satellite and cable channels Living, Living2 and Virgin 1 (Formerly Ftn), mainly for the UK market. It is the Live version of "Most Haunted" which is going into its 10th series on February 19, 2008. It is made by Antix Productions, and is led by Yvette Fielding and her husband Karl Beattie. Production. The team's latest series leads them to travel to Italy, Turin. Investigating possible paranormal 'hotspots' for 24 hours witihn the city. Team (Satan's City). Investigators Presenters Gerolamo Cardano Gerolamo Cardano or Girolamo Cardano (English Jerome Cardan, Latin Hieronymus Cardanus; September 24, 1501 - September 21, 1576) was a celebrated Italian Renaissance mathematician, physician, and astrologer. As he was an illegitimate child, he could not enter the college of physicians. Despite this he was a relatively successful physician. The first description of Typhoid fever is attributed to him. Today he is mainly known as a mathematician. He made some discoveries in algebra. He proposed ways to solve cubic and quartic equations. Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia told him about the solution of one particular cubic equation, "formula_1". This caused a long fight. His student Lodovico Ferrari solved the quartic equations. Cardano also speaks about imaginary numbers in the same book, "Ars Magna". Cardano was often short of money, and gambled compulsively. A book of his, "Liber de ludo aleae" ("Book on Games of Chance" in the English), contains the first systematic treatment of probability, as well as a section on cheating. He wrote it "c." 1564, but it was first published posthumously, in 1663. He invented various things, including the and the . He also believed that perpetual motion was impossible, except for stars. Violent crime Violent crime means a crime where the offenders use violence upon the victim. Different countries have different definitions of violent crime. Common examples of violent crime include homicide, abduction, robbery etc. Roentgenium Roentgenium (, ) is a chemical element. It is a transition metal. Its symbol is Rg, and its atomic number is 111. The element is named in honor of a German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen. So far, it has not been found in nature. There seem to be 7 isotopes. All of them are radioactive. They have a half life of between 1.6 milliseconds and 26 seconds. Because of the Inert pair effect, it could have a color similar to that of gold. Michigan International Speedway The Michigan International Speedway (or MIS) is a two-mile (3.22 km) long racetrack. It contains more than 1,400 acres, near Brooklyn, Michigan. The track is used mostly for NASCAR events. It is sometimes known as the "sister track" of Texas World Speedway. Construction for the track began on September 28, 1967, and opened October 13, 1968 with budget of around $4–6 million. Michigan is now one of the fastest tracks in NASCAR due to its wide, sweeping corners and long straightaways. It normal speeds of more than 190 mph, but corner entry speeds easily pass 200 mph (~320 Km/h). International health International health means two different, but related, things. It means care of people who travel from one country to another, and knowledge of diseases foreign to the traveler. It also means people from one country trying to improve health in another. Groups. There are different kinds of groups that are involved in international health. They engage in international health for different reasons and with different ethics and rules. Governments of rich, "developed" countries are often interested in the health of other countries. They are especially interested in the health of neighbor countries. The reasons for this are many: if they have extra resources, they may want to share them with their neighbors; but also they may want to stop spread of diseases from their neighbor country across the border. For example, the United States is a richer country than Mexico and has little problem with measles (in children) or rabies (in mammals) in the interior, but along the border with Mexico these diseases are more common. The Western Hemisphere's countries have formed PAHO, the Pan American Health Organization, to deal with these kinds of problems in an organized way. PAHO knows that people and goods flow across borders in both directions, and a problem in one country will soon be a problem in its partner countries. PAHO is an example of an international organization. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are associations organized outside of the government by volunteers and others, and which serve a particular interest. Often, NGOs interested in health perform important functions in international health, both in direct care and in development. Salam Salam (, '), sometimes spelled salaam, is an Arabic word that literally means "peace", but is also used as a general greeting, above all in Arabian countries and by the Muslim countries around the world in general. As-salamu ʿalaykum () is a greeting in Arabic that means "peace be upon you". The greeting is a standard salutation among Muslims, whether socially or within worship and other contexts.  The typical response to the greeting is "wa-ʿalaykumu as-salām" (وَعَلَيْكُمُ ٱلسَّلَامُ; "and upon you be peace"). The full version of the greeting is "as-salamu ʿalaykum wa-rahmatullahi wa-barakatuh" (, "peace be upon you, as well as the mercy of God and His blessings"), with the full response being "wa-ʿalaykum as-salam wa-rahmatullahi wa-barakatuh" (). It is also preferred to use the greeting when arriving and also while leaving. It was reported that Abu Hurairah said "When one of you joins a gathering, let him say 'Peace'. When he wants to get up and leave, let him say 'Peace'. The former is not more important than the latter" (Hasan hadith reported in Jāmiʿ at-Tirmidhi). In addition, "As-Salam" is one of the 99 Names of God. Tekken (series) Tekken is a fighting video game series made by "Namco" (now "Bandai Namco Games"). Tekken 3 Tekken 3 is a 1998 fighting video game made by Namco. Tekken Tag Tournament Tekken Tag Tournament is an update to Tekken 3. It has most of the characters from the past games. It was released for PlayStation 2 in 2000. Story. The game does not have a story, but it is considered non-canonical. Characters. Marshall Law, the Jack robot from the original "Tekken" game, King, Kuma, Doctor Boskonovitch and Gon, (the manga character who appeared in the PlayStation version of "Tekken 3") were excluded as characters in "Tekken Tag Tournament". However, Doctor Boskonovitch makes a cameo in the Tekken Bowling minigame. Tekken 4 Tekken 4 is a 2002 fighting video game made by Namco for the PlayStation 2. Story. Two years ago, Heihachi could not capture Ogre. Not wanting to give up, Heihachi said to his researchers to get blood samples, skin tissue, and hoof fragments left behind by Ogre (or known as True Ogre in its true manifestation) in order to conduct genetic experiments. Heihachi’s goal was to make a new life form by splicing Ogre’s genome with his own. However, the research was unsuccessful. After long experimentation, Heihachi’s bioengineers came to the conclusion that an extra gene - the "Devil Gene" - was needed in order to successfully splice Ogre’s genetic code into another living organism. Heihachi learned that his own genome did not have the Devil Gene, but he knew someone who had it, Jin Kazama. Jin, who defeated Ogre in The King of Iron Fist Tournament 3, was shot and wounded by Heihachi. As his life slipped away, Jin transformed into a Devil. Upon his transformation, he struck down Heihachi and took flight. Jin’s whereabouts were unknown after the Tournament. Heihachi searched for Jin to no avail. However, Heihachi found a photograph during his search that made him curious. The 20-year-old photograph was an image of a burnt corpse covered with laceration wounds. Heihachi paid much attention to the corpse’s back, which had what looked like deformed, protruding wing-like limbs. Thinking that the picture was of Kazuya, his own son whom he threw into a volcano 20 years ago, Heihachi diverted all his resources into a search for the body. This search led Heihachi to G Corporation, a modern biotech firm making unprecedented advances in the field of biogenetics research. Heihachi found out that the G Corporation found the corpse and got its genetic data. In fact, Heihachi learned that the company was in the middle of creating a new life form by using the data. Heihachi also determined that Kazuya’s remains and research data were secured at G Corporation’s Nebraska and Nepal research laboratories, respectively. Friday, 25 December. The Tekken Force raided G Corporation’s maximum security research laboratory in Nepal. The bottom floors of the building were destroyed, and the remaining data storage facility containing file servers was taken away by a group of heavy-duty helicopters. At the same time, a separate unit led by Heihachi infiltrated the underground research facility in Nebraska, where Kazuya’s remains were preserved. As Heihachi looked from his helicopter, he soon realized that unlike the Nepal facility, the operations in Nebraska were not going according to plan. The tactical status monitor screens showed the first wave of the Tekken Force troops being blown out from the storage room where Kazuya’s remains were supposedly kept. A silhouette of a large figure slowly emerged from the room... When Heihachi could see clearly enough, he instantly recognized the large figure as Kazuya. Kazuya was brought back to life in G Corporation’s research facility. After his resurrection, Kazuya offered his body as research material to determine the true nature of the Devil that resided within him. Kazuya’s goal was to combine his two selves into one. Kazuya theorized that if he unified his body with the Devil, he would be able to truly get its powers. He could then finally take revenge against Heihachi and the Mishima Zaibatsu (Financial Empire). Enraged that Heihachi thwarted his plans, Kazuya obliterated the heavily armed Tekken Force and vanished into the flames of the lab’s wreckage. Heihachi was infuriated by Kazuya’s escape and took out his anger on his hapless subordinates who reported the escape. Dr. Abel, Heihachi’s lead scientific advisor, urged the enraged Heihachi to quickly find a way to capture Kazuya. Once his anger subsided, Heihachi focused his mind and decided on a plan. An evil smile crept upon his lips. Two years had passed since The King of Iron Fist Tournament 3. The Mishima Zaibatsu announced The King of Iron Fist Tournament 4 and placed the massive financial empire as the top prize. The champion who manages to defeat Heihachi at the end of the Tournament would inherit the Mishima Zaibatsu. Well aware that the tournament is just a trap designed to lure him out, Kazuya nevertheless enters - it is his chance to defeat Heihachi Characters. It marked the first game of the Tekken series to have character conversations (aside from Julia's Tekken 3 ending, in which she speaks to Michelle). Some may speak in other languages (in part of Hwoarang's ending, Jin Kazama speaks in English). It is also the first game having each characters to speak in the beginning for Story Mode. In the background, sketches are seen that follow the characters story. Some may appear in the epilogue of a characters ending. Tekken 5 Tekken 5 is a fighting video game made by Namco for PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable and PlayStation 3. Story. After the end of King of Iron Fist Tournament 4, father Kazuya Mishima and son Jin Kazama, battle each other at Honmaru, somewhere in the Mishima estate. Jin quickly beats his father. The oldest Mishima, Heihachi, enters the Honmaru to find his son defeated and asleep. Heihachi and Jin begin to fight. During the fight, Jin begins to show the Devil he got from his father, Kazuya. Just as it appears that Jin will kill Heihachi, Jin suddenly gains control of his body and flies away. Suddenly, a bunch of "Jack" robots interrupt the battle. Both Kazuya and Heihachi are surprised at the attack, and begin fighting as a team against the Jack robots. During the battle however, Kazuya goes against his father, throws him into the Jack robots and runs away. Raven, watching on top of the cliff, speaks into a headphone and says: "Heihachi Mishima...is dead." After hearing of Heihachi's death, people though that it would bring the end of the Mishima Zaibatsu. However, an unknown person had taken control, and a month later Mishima Zaibatsu announced the opening of The King of Iron Fist Tournament 5. Tekken: Dark Resurrection Story. Following the end of the King of Iron Fist Tournament 4, Heihachi Mishima defeated Kazuya Mishima and led him to Honmaru Temple, planning to let both his son Kazuya and his grandson, Jin Kazama, battle and steal their "Devil Genes". Jin defeats both his father and his grandfather and flies away, leaving the latter two asleep. Shortly after, a group Jack-4 robots invade the Honmaru. The robots were made to take Heihachi's life. At the start, Kazuya and Heihachi fight the Jack-4's as a team, but eventually Kazuya throws Heihachi across the room as soon as he notices that Heihachi is getting tired. Then, Kazuya turns into Devil Kazuya and escapes, leaving Heihachi to deal with the Jack-4's by himself. They quickly explode, leaving Heihach. The explosion brings Heihachi's father Jinpachi Mishima back to life from his 50 year sleep beneath the Temple, and goes to and become head of the Mishima Zaibatsu. A few months later, the King of Iron Fist Tournament 5 is announced. It turns out that Heihachi survived the explosion, and now promises to find out and "break the neck of the one who started this ridiculous tournament!" Gameplay. Tekken 5 kept many features from the older games, as well as new features, such as the new "Crush System" and the chance to dress up all chaaracters differently (except for Mokujin). It was also the first Tekken game to have a mini-game that hade a story of its own. It also had stages with no walls like the stages in all the older Tekken games (except for Tekken 4). The stages did not also have all the slopes and uneven ground, like they did in Tekken 4. Tekken 5.1. Tekken 5.1 was a small upgrade of the original Tekken 5 that was not released on consoles and instead, was only on arcades. It contained different balance changes to characters of the original game. It also fixed the damage done when using fground moves, instead of ground moves doing 100% damage, they now only did 70% damage. The character health bars for this game is a different colour to the health bars on the original Tekken 5. Tekken: Dark Resurrection. Tekken: Dark Resurrection (DR for short) is an upgraded version of Tekken 5. It added two new characters, Emily "Lili" Rochefort and Sergei Dragunov, and it also added a returning older character, Armor King. Eddy Gordo also got his own character box, rather than just sharing a character box with Christie Monteiro. Plus, the game had new moves for the characters, as well as some changes to some older moves, in order to balance out the characters more, new customization items to use to dres up the characters, new stages, and new before fight and win animations, as well as some camera angle changes to some older ones. The game also recolored the main outfits of most of the characters, and the game's final boss, Jinpachi Mishima, got a new design, giving him a flame-like appearance, with a horn coming out of his head. About Tekken: Dark Resurrection. Tekken 5 was re-released on the PlayStation Portable as Tekken: Dark Resurrection (known as Tekken 5: Dark Resurrection in arcades and on PlayStation 3) with new stages, two new characters, one extra returning character, an online mode, new costumes and more. The character select screen is also different and there are new modes such as the "Tekken Dojo" mode, where the player has to enter a tournament, defeating ghosts (not actual ghosts you see at Halloween). Later on, after the release of Tekken: Dark Resurrection on the PSP, Namco decided to release the arcade version of Tekken: Dark Resurrection (called Tekken 5: Dark Resurrection) on the PlayStation Store. The PS3 version was a bit different from the PSP version. It was very much like the arcade version, but not exactly. The only things missing are Story mode, Ghost downloads, Tekken Dojo and a Customizing mode (although you can dress your characters up after you select them and before you fight with them). On the PS3 version, Jinpachi Mishima is also a playble character, unlike in Tekken 5 and Tekken: Dark Resurrection where he is non-playable, unless a cheat device such as GameShark or an Action Replay was used (CWCheat and custom firmware 3.40 for PSP). Tekken 6 Tekken 6 is a fighting video game made by Namco. It was released in Japanese arcades on November 26, 2007. It was released on PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on October 27, 2009. It was released on the PlayStation Portable on November 24, 2009. Gameplay. Tekken 6, was released on October 27, 2009 for the PS3, and Xbox 360, and will be released on November 24, 2009 for the PSP, is the sequel to Tekken 5 and Tekken 5: Dark Resurrection. Both games have been liked by fans. Katsuhiro Hirada, game director for Tekken 6 and previous Tekken games, said that the stages will be bigger and will have more movement and interactivity,[9] such as walls or floors that can be broken so you can fight in new fighting areas. The character customization feature has been changed and become better, and will be more involved with the gameplay. A new "rage" system has been added, which allows characters to do more damage per hit when their health is low. In re mode, a reddish energy aura appears around the character and their health bar starts to flicker red. The rage aura can be changed into different colors and effects to appear like fire, electricity, ice and others. Another new feature added is the "bound" feature. Every character has some moves that, when used on the enemy that is currently midair in a juggle combo, will cause the opponent to be smashed hard into the ground, bouncing them off the floor, stunned and letting the attacker to perform another combo or attack. The console versions will have an extra mode called "Scenario Campaign" which is similar to the "Tekken Force" and "Devil Within" modes from previous games. This mode is playable only by one player offline, but in the future the mode will be playable co-operatively online with two players. In this mode players can pick up weapons such as poles and gatling guns. Players can move almost any way they wantt to between fights, but when fighting enemies, the gameplay switches to the traditional Tekken style. Both the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions of the game will include an online versus multiplayer mode over PlayStation Network and Xbox Live respectively. Tekken 6: Bloodline Rebellion. Tekken 6: Bloodline Rebellion was supposed to be released on consoles instead of Tekken 6. It was supposed to be an upgrade of Tekken 6, having new fighting arenas, characters and more. In the end, Namco decided to release the original Tekken 6 on consoles with the updates and more things that can only be played on the console version. Sola scriptura Sola scriptura (Latin for "by scripture alone") means "The Bible only". Protestants believe that they should only read the Bible to find out what God wants. They do this instead of listening to the Pope or the Roman Catholic Church. "Sola scriptura" was a principle of the Protestant Reformation of the reformer Martin Luther and is a principle of Protestants today (see Five solas). Tatar Tatar might mean: Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch is an international non-governmental organization. Its activities include research and advocacy on human rights. The headquarters of the organization is in New York City. Arms trafficking Arms trafficking or gun-running is smuggling of weapons and ammunition. Arms trafficking happens everywhere but it is a very big problem in places with violent political conflict or civil war. International organizations for human rights, including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch are looking into fixing this problem. <br> Sola fide Sola fide means "Faith only". Most protestants believe that people must trust Jesus. They have to trust that Jesus brings people back into relationship with God. Christians believe that sin creates a gap between people and God, and Jesus, who was perfect, died, taking the punishment for sin in place of people, bridging the gap. This is called salvation because Jesus 'saves' people from a life and afterlife without God. The idea of "sola fide" means that trust in Jesus is the only way to get salvation and finally get into heaven after death. This belief in faith as the only way to be saved was a principle of the Protestant Reformation of the reformer of the Catholic Church Martin Luther and is a principle of Protestants today (see Five solas). Some groups like the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christians believe Jesus died to bridge the gap between God and people, but they must also try to be good people in order to get salvation. Protestants also believe that Christians need to do what is right, but their salvation only depends on their faith. Society of Jesus The Society of Jesus (Latin: "Societas Iesu", "S.J." and "S.I." or "SJ", "SI" ) is a Roman Catholic Church religious order whose members are called Jesuits, "Soldiers of Christ", and "Foot soldiers of the Pope", because the founder, Saint Ignatius of Loyola, was a knight before becoming a priest. Jesuits are the largest male religious order of the Roman Catholic Church with 19,216 members (13,491 priests, 3,049 scholastic students, 1,810 brothers and 866 novices). The Society of Jesus is consecrated under the patronage of the Madonna Della Strada. It is led by a Superior General, currently Arturo Sosa. The headquarters of the society, its General Curia, is in Rome. Within the Catholic Church, there has been a sometimes tense relationship between Jesuits and the Vatican. This is due to questioning of official Church teaching and papal directives, such as those on abortion, birth control, women deacons, homosexuality, and liberation theology. However, as of 2013, the current Pope, Pope Francis, is a Jesuit himself. Rosenhan experiment The Rosenhan experiment is a test in psychiatry. It wants to see how good a psychiatric diagnosis really is. The first person to do the test was David Rosenhan. The test is named after him. It was first conducted in 1972. Rosenhan published the results in the journal "Science" under the title "On being sane in insane places." The test is made of two parts. In the first part, psychiatrically sane people said they heard hallucinations, to get admitted to a psychiatric ward. This was done to test how the psychiatric hospitals would react. The second part was the reverse. Rosenhan told the hospitals, he would send "fake patients". But he did not send any "fake" patients. The results of the study were very controversial. When Rosenhan sent the people, the hospitals were unable to detect them. On the other hand, when he told them he had sent some patients, but really did not, the hospitals recognised a large number of "fake patients". The study said that it was impossible to tell a difference between the sane and the insane. Chassiers Chassiers is a town and commune in the Ardèche "département", in the southern part of France. The commune has a population of about 850 people as of the year 1999. Châteaubourg Châteaubourgcan be one of 2 communes in France: Châteaubourg, Ardèche Châteaubourg is a town and commune of the Ardèche "département", in the southern part of France. The commune has a population of about 200 people as of the year 1999. Châteauneuf-de-Vernoux Châteauneuf-de-Vernoux is a town and commune of the Ardèche "département", in the southern part of France. Dominican Order The Order of Preachers (Latin:"Ordo Praedicatorum", "OP") is a Roman Catholic religious order. Its members follow the rules Saint Dominic gave them in the 13th century. After the 15th century they are commonly known as Dominicans. Dominican Dominican might mean: M-Train M>Train was a train operator of half of Melbourne's suburban railway network. It stopped operations at 3:00am 18 April 2004, with Connex Melbourne then taking over all rail operations. M>Train and M>Tram's slogan was Moving Melbourne. M>Train operated the Craigieburn, Cranbourne, Frankston, Pakenham, Sandringham, Sydenham, Upfield, Werribee, Williamstown lines, and maintained the 3 underground city loop stations. Their network was more than 268 kilometers long, and owned 125 trains, with 62 new trains on order when M>Train stopped operations. History. Bayside Trains (later known as M>Train) were awarded a 15-year contract to run half of Melbourne's railway network on 31 October, 1999, by the Victorian State Government. On October 1, 2001, Bayside Trains renamed themselves to M>Train, along with Swanston Trams renaming themselves to M>Tram . Diploma A diploma is a certificate you receive when you have studied a subject with good results. For many jobs a diploma is needed, because it proves that you are good at the subject you studied. A diploma is usually a basic degree that is lower than a Bachelor's degree. Authorized King James Version The Authorized King James Version is a translation of the Bible into the English language. This version of the Bible is also called the "Authorized Version" ("AV") or as the "King James Version" ("KJV") in the United States. The name "King James" comes from King James I of England, who told the Church of England to begin working on it in 1604. The first book was published in 1611. Although it is one of the oldest English translations of the Bible, it is still one of the most widely read versions today. A 2014 survey in the United States found that 55% people who read the Bible were using the King James Version. The next most widely-read version was the New International Version at 19%, while other versions were used by less than 10%. 809 Lundia 809 Lundia is a small, binary, V-type asteroid orbiting in the Flora family in the Main Belt. It is named after Lund Observatory, Sweden. The V-type spectrum says that it is not genetically related to the Flora family, but rather is probably a piece (actually two pieces) blown off the surface of nearby 4 Vesta by a big impact in the past. Its orbit is too far from Vesta for it to actually be a member of the Vesta family It is not clear how it came at an orbit so far from Vesta, but other examples of V-type asteroids fairly far from their parent body are known. A mechanism of interplay between the Yarkovsky effect and nonlinear secular resonances (mainly involving Jupiter and Saturn) has been suggested. Binary. A moon, designated S/2005 (809) 1, was seen based on lightcurve sightings in 2005. In fact, the size of the two bodies appear to be close in size, because during mutual occultations the brightness drops by a similar amount independently of which body is hidden. Assuming an albedo similar to 4 Vesta (around 0.4), suggests that the bodies are about 7 km across. It takes 15.4 hours to orbit each other, which says that the binary is very close — the separation being of the order of 10–20 km, if normal asteroid albedo and density values are assumed. Hato Mayor Province Hato Mayor is a Dominican province; it is on the eastern part of the country. Its name comes from the name of its capital city, Hato Mayor del Rey (in English: "the largest cattle farm of the King"). It is one of the last provinces created in the Dominican Republic; it was made a province on 3 December 1984. The province's territory was part of the El Seibo province. Location. Hato Mayor is bordered to the northwest by the province of Samaná, to the east by the El Seibo province, to the west by the Monte Plata province and to the south by the San Pedro de Macorís province. The Samaná Bay is to the north of the province. History. Some native groups lived close to the coast, in caves in Los Haitises region. There were other groups, mainly Taínos, living inland but, in general, the population was low. When the Spanish people came to this region, they found that there were many savannas with good grasses for food for cattle (cows), horses and sheep. And they made nine "hatos". "Hato" is a word from southern Spain that means a large farm for raising cattle (a ranch); it is a common word in the Dominican Republic. One of those "hatos" was Hato Mayor del Rey, made in the name of King Charles I of Spain (Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor) but given as a "Mayorazgo" (a family property) to Francisco Dávila as the manager and the property was called sometimes "Hato Mayor de Dávila". Because there were many French people and from other countries trying to live in the Samaná region, the colonial government founded the city of Sabana de la Mar in 1760 and brought people from the Canary Islands to live here. The area of Hato Mayor was part of the El Seibo province until the new province began in 1984 with three municipalities: Hato Mayor del Rey, its capital, and Sabana de la Mar and El Valle. The municipal districts of the province were created in: Population. In (last national census), there were people living in the Hato Mayor province, and 63,012 () living in towns and cities. The population density was persons/km². Its population represents of the total population of the country and the province is ranked as the 26th (out of 31 plus the National District) more populated province. , the total estimated propulation of the province is 85,610 inhabitants. The largest city of the province is Hato Mayor del Rey, its head municipality or capital, with an urban population (in 2010) of 37,798 inhabitants. Geography. The Hato Mayor province has a total area of . It has of the area of the Dominican Republic and it is ranked as the 15th (out of 31 plus the National District) largest province. The altitude of Hato Mayor del Rey, provincial capital, is . The territory of the province covers across four geographical regions. From north to south, these regions are: Rivers with their sources on the northern side of the Cordillera Oriental are short and flow into the Samaná Bay. The longest here is the River Yabón, long, with its mouth west of the city of Sabana de la Mar. Those rivers that flow to the south of the Cordillera Oriental and into the Caribbean Sea are longer. The most important rivers are, from east to west: There are two main roads in the province. One is the "Carretera Mella" ("Mella National Road") that begins in Santo Domingo and goes through Hato Mayor del Seibo, the El Seibo province and ends in Higüey; it is one of the most important road in the country. The second road begins in Hato Mayor del Rey and ends in Sabana de la Mar. Climate. The climate of the province is a tropical climate, hot most of the year. Municipalities. There are 3 municipalities and 4 municipal districts (M.D.) in the province. The municipalities and its municipal districts (M.D.) are: Economy. The main economic activity of the province is farming; the main products are cacao (in the Cordillera Oriental), flowers and African oil palm around El Valle, and sugar cane south of Hato Mayor. Because there are many savannas with grasses around Hato Mayor del Rey and to the south of it, cattle raising is a very important activity in the province; the dairy industry is important, with a large amount of cheese produced in the province. Fishing is important in Sabana de la Mar and other towns around the Samaná Bay. Rheine Rheine is a city in the district of Steinfurt, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the biggest city in the district. Geography. Rheine is on the river Ems, about north of Münster, about west of Osnabrück and east of Enschede (Netherlands). Division of the town. Rheine consists of 15 districts: History. Although a lot of people have lived in the area around the city since prehistorical times, Rheine was first mentioned in a document signed by Louis the Pious only in 838. On 15 August 1327 it got its town charter from Louis II, Bishop of Münster. The settlement was founded by reason of two old merchant roads crossing nearby, as well as a ford crossing the river Ems. Frankish soldiers secured this strategic point by a barrack yard at first. Later a church and more buildings were added to this outpost. In the end of Thirty Years' War the city burned down almost completely. Swedish and Hessian troops besieged imperial soldiers who entrenched themselves in Rheine. On 20th/21st September and 19th October 1647 glowing cannonballs set fire to the city, 365 houses got razed. During the industrialisation textile industry prospered. It continued to be an important economical factor until the second half of the 20th century. Today engineering industries and services form the largest part of economy in Rheine. Recke Recke is a municipality in the district of Steinfurt, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Geography. Recke is about north-east of Rheine and north-west of Osnabrück. Bryggen Bryggen (Norwegian for "the Wharf"), also known as Tyskebryggen ("the German Wharf"), is a series of Hanseatic commercial buildings found on the eastern side of the fjord coming into Bergen, Norway. Bryggen is on the UNESCO list for World Heritage sites. The name has the same origin as the Flemish city of Brugge. Ibbenbüren Ibbenbüren or Ibbenbueren is a medium-sized town in the district of Steinfurt, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is on position 185 of the biggest cities in Germany and the biggrst city in Tecklenburger Land. Geography. Ibbenbüren (Ibbenbueren) is on the Ibbenbürener Aa river, at the northwest end of the Teutoburger forest and rather exactly in the center of the two cities Rheine in the west and Osnabrück in the east, both about 20 km away. History. Ibbenbüren is said in documentary evidence for the first time in 1146, when the bishop of Osnabrück at that time, Philipp of Katzenelnbogen, donated a tenth of his possessions in Ibbenbüren to the Getrudenkloster of Osnabrück. Although Ibbenbüren is already much older and a document of the year 1348 already occupies the establishment of a church in the year 799, the year 1146 is officially considered as the year of the foundation of Ibbenbüren. In the years 1219 and/or 1234 it appears as church village. In this transition of the High Middle Ages to the Late Middle Ages the noble gentlemen of Ibbenbüren, that is the abbot of Herford and the counts of Tecklenburg, possessed basic rule in the place. To this time Ibbenbüren belonged to the Diocese of Osnabrück. During this time the castle of Ibbenbüren was built by the noble gentlemen of Ibbenbüren starting from 1150. Last remainder of this castle are the remnants of the heath tower in the proximity of the Aasee. After the noble gentleman of Ibbenbüren died out, Ibbenbüren came under the exclusive rule of the counts of Tecklenburg. This rule lasted until the end of the 15th or beginning of the 16th century, when Ibbenbüren finally fell into possession Charles' V. in 1548 by awkward and luckless tactics used by the counts of Tecklenburg. Karl donated it to his sister Mary of Habsburg, governor of the Netherlands. Ibbenbüren was assigned to the office Lingen. Into this period also the falls the beginning of coal mining. After Ibbenbüren repeatedly fell under control of the Netherlands and Spain in the Dutch Revolt, it was assigned to the House of Orange-Nassau after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. In this time falls the beginning of iron ore mining in and around Ibbenbüren, which ended in the first half of the 19th century. By succession it came under Prussian rule in 1702. On February 1, 1724 Ibbenbüren attained municipal rights, which stood among other things in connection with the introduction excise duty. In the year 1743 the first magistrate and mayor appointed. During the rule of Napoléon Bonaparte at the beginning of the 19th century, Ibbenbüren belonged to the first French Empire, until it was freed by Prussian and Russian troops in 1815. It came back under Prussian rule on January 1, 1816, resulting to be assigned to the district of Tecklenburg. After the end of World War II the city Ibbenbüren and the municipality Ibbenbüren Land formed by December 31, 1974 the department federation Ibbenbüren, resulting in today's city of Ibbenbüren. With the simultaneous dissolution of the district of Tecklenburg and fusion with the old district of Burgsteinfurt, Ibbenbüren was assigned to the new district of Steinfurt. Coat of arms. Ibbenbüren's coat of arms has a golden anchor on a blue shield. The city colors are blue and gold. Westerkappeln Westerkappeln is a municipality in the district of Steinfurt, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is about northwest of Osnabrück. Osnabrück (district) Osnabrück () is a district ("Landkreis") in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is near the districts of Emsland, Cloppenburg, Vechta and Diepholz, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (districts of Minden-Lübbecke, Herford, Gütersloh, Warendorf and Steinfurt) and the City of Osnabrück. History. The district is almost the same as the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück which existed until 1803. When the clerical states of Germany were dissolved, Osnabrück became part of the Kingdom of Hanover, which in turn fell to Prussia in 1866. The district was established in 1972 by merging four old districts (Osnabrück, Melle, Bersenbrück, Wittlage). Geography. The landscape is characterised by two mountain chains: the Wiehengebirge in the north and the northern foothills of the Teutoburg Forest in the south. These chains go around the City of Osnabrück. Michelle Branch Michelle Jacquet Branch-Landau (born July 2, 1983) is a singer from the United States. She writes songs and plays the guitar. She made her first album, "Broken Bracelet", in 2000, and released the platinum-selling albums "The Spirit Room" and "Hotel Paper" in August 2001 and June 2003, respectively. During this period, she worked with Carlos Santana on the single "The Game of Love", which won a Grammy Award. In 2004, she formed the musical duo The Wreckers with fellow musician Jessica Harp. Scanning electron microscope The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that uses a focused beam of high-energy electrons in producing a variety of signals at the surface of a solid specimen. The signals produced by the interacting electrons contain useful information such as the shape, atomic structure and conductivity. Introduction. When an electron hits the surface, it may be reflected ("backscattered"), absorbed, or conducted away. Electrons that are absorbed can cause the atom that they hit to become unstable, forcing it to give off another electron (a secondary electron), or to give off light in order to stabilize. Different detectors, for the different types of reactions, may be fitted to an electron microscope, depending on what is being looked for. The magnification that can be achieved in a scanning electron microscope depends on how narrow the beam of electrons that strikes the surface can be, and can reach 1 nanometer, about the size of 3 to 5 atoms. The control of the beam is achieved using magnetic fields, with other magnetic fields being used to shape the beam, and to move it across the sample. The range of magnification may range from 30x to as high as 500,000x. Sample. The electron beam is affected by air and water molecules, so the sample must be placed in a vacuum. The sample must also be conductive to allow the electrons not reflected or absorbed to be conducted away. This gives some limits on the type of sample that can be used. In the case of samples from plants or animals, it often means that they must first be coated in gold before they can be placed in the microscope. This is done in order to preserve the sample and keep it from changing or decaying throughout the scanning process. Components. The scanning electron microscope is made up of several components: 1. The electron gun is located at the very top or bottom of an SEM and is used to fire a beam of electrons at the object that we are looking at under SEM. 2. The lenses are used to focus electron beams so that we can get clear and detailed images of the examined object. They are not made of glass, but they are made of magnets that change the path of electrons created from the electron gun. 3. The sample chamber is the area where the specimen of interest is examined under SEM. As the technique is very sensitive, the chamber must be very sturdy and have no vibrations happen. This is to allow for the specimen to be kept very still in order for the SEM to produce good images. 4. The detector is the "eyes" of the microscope. It is able to produce the most detailed images of a specimen's surface. Many different detectors can be used depending upon the information wanted from the sample used. 5. The vacuum chamber is used to keep the electron beam from constant interference from air. The air particles are bad for electron beams in that the electrons would be knocked out of the air and onto the specimen, which will produce bad distorted surfaces of the specimen. Leporidae Leporidae is a mammal family in the order Lagomorpha. It has about 60 species of rabbits and hares. The animals of the family Leporidae are called Leporids. The names "rabbit" and "hare" are not names of separate biological groups, but are "randomly" given to different leporid species. Casimir III the Great Casimir III the Great () (April 30, 1310 – November 5, 1370) was the King of Poland from 1333 until 1370. He was the son of Wladyslaw I the Short. He was the last king of the Piast dynasty, his daughter Jadwiga having married the Lithuanian duke Wladyslaw Jagiello. Casimir III is the only Polish king to ever receive the title of "the Great". His reign was a time of prosperity and growth for the Polish kingdom. He focused on the economy and strengthening of the country and not on wars and expansion. He kept peace with the Teutonic Order during his reign, for he knew that Poland was weak and would not survive the confrontation with the knights. Because of that, he focused his attention on the south-eastern borders of the country and expanded there. In 1340, he conquered Red Ruthenia (Lviv along with it) from Hungary. Various trade laws created by him made it easier for Polish cities to gather more wealth. Cracow and Lviv gained in importance during his reign. Thunbergia Thunbergia Retz. is a genus of flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae, native to tropical regions of Africa, Madagascar and southern Asia. Its members are known by various names, including thunbergias; clockvine on its own usually refers to "Thunbergia grandiflora", while "Thunbergia alata" is often known as Black-eyed Susan vine or just Black-eyed Susan (not to be confused with other flowers called Black-eyed Susan). Orange clockvine is the name of "Thunbergia gregorii". Thunbergia was named for Carl Peter Thunberg. The Pillows The Pillows (or the pillows) is a Japanese rock band made in 1989. They sang FLCL's theme song. Rio Negro (Amazon) The Rio Negro is a river which flows through the Amazon rainforest in north-western Brazil, in the state of Amazonas. It is the largest blackwater river in the world. It is called "Negro" (Spanish and Portuguese for "black") because its waters are colored by particles of humus, which make them look much like tea. The Rio Negro is the largest tributary of the Amazon on the left-hand side (as it goes towards the sea). It starts in Colombia and ends in the Amazon basin. Rio Negro has a very high species richness. About 700 fish species have been documented in the river basin, and it is estimated that the total is 800–900 fish species, including almost 100 endemics and several undescribed species. Among these are many that are important in the aquarium trade, including the cardinal tetra. Castella Castella ("Kasutera" in Japanese) is a sponge cake produced in Japan. It is made of sugar, flour, eggs, and starch syrup, very common at festivals and as a street food. It was originally produced in Portugal during medieval times, and when the Portuguese reached Japan they gave some of it to the Japanese nobility. The name is derived from Portuguese "Pão de Castela" which means "bread of Spain". Mallow, County Cork Mallow (Irish "Mala" "plain of the rock") is the "Crossroads of Munster" and the administrative capital of north County Cork, in the Republic of Ireland. The Northern Divisional Offices of Cork County Council are in the town. List of Gumby episodes This list displays the 7 pilot and all 233 episodes of "Gumby". Krishnadevaraya Sri Krishnadevaraya (, , 1509-1529 CE) was the most famous king of Vijayanagara Empire. He ruled the Vijayangara empire at the most important time. He is considered to be one of the great kings of India. Emperor Krishnadevaraya also earned the titles "Kannada Rajya Rama Ramana (ಕನ್ನಡರಾಜ್ಯರಮಾರಮಣ)", "Moorurayaraganda (ಮೂರುರಾಯರಗಂಡ)" (what means "King of three kings") and "Andhra Bhoja (ఆంధ్రభోజ)". Much of our information about his reign comes from the accounts of Portuguese travelers Domingos Paes and Nuniz. King krishnadeva Ray and was the 3rd and the greatest ruler of the Tulava empire Paes describes the king's attitude to law and order by the sentence, "The king maintains the law by killing." Offences against property (designed to maintain stability) and for murder ranged from cutting of a foot and hand for theft and beheading for murder (except for those occurring as a result of duel). Paes could not estimate the size of Vijaynagar as his view was obscured by the hills but estimated the city to be at least as large as Rome. Furthermore, he considered Vijaynagar to be "the best provided city in the world" with a population of not less than a half a million. Paes praises Krishnadevaraya as, “the most feared and perfect King… a great ruler and a man of much justice”. The rule of Krishnadevaraya was an age of good literature in many languages. But it is known as a golden age of Telugu literature. Many Telugu, Sanskrit, Kannada and Tamil poets enjoyed the patronage of the emperor. Emperor Krishnadevaraya was fluent in many languages. Tocantins River The Tocantins River is a river that flows through the northeastern part of Brazil. It rises in the district with a lot of mountains known as the Pireneus. These can be found to the west of the Federal District. Its western tributary, the Araguaia River, has headwaters very far south on the slopes of the Serra dos Caiapós. Bukka Bukka ಬುಕ್ಕ್ (1356-1377 CE) (also known as Bukka Raya I was an emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire from the Sangama Dynasty. Bukka patronised Telugu poet Nachana Soma. It is said that Bukka also sent a mission to China during his reign. Important works of literature were also written during his rule. Dozens of scholars lived under the guidance of Vidyaranya and Sayana. Sayana's commentary on the Vedas, Brahmanas and Aranyakas was written under the patronage of Bukka. McGill University McGill University or just McGill is an English language university in Montreal, Canada. It was created in 1821, few years before the country Canada existed. McGill University ranks first in Canada for 16 consecutive years according to Maclean's University Rankings. Renault Koleos The Renault Koleos is the second SUV from Renault after the Renault Scénic RX4. It was first presented on the Geneva Motorshow in the year 2000, then on the "Autosalon Paris" 2006. It was designed by Patrick le Quément (chief designer) and developed by Nissan. This car is 4520 mm long, 1890 mm wide and 1700 mm high and has a weight of 1800 kg. Beagle The Beagle is a breed of small to medium-sized dog. It is a Hound, and it has short legs and long, soft ears. Beagles are mostly developed for hunting and finding hare, rabbit, and other kinds of game. They can do this because they can smell well and have very quick instincts. They are also popular as pets because of their good size, sweet temper, and health. This kind of character also makes them be used very much for animal testing. Beagles can have coats of different colors. Some variations can be tri-colored, orange, red, or lemon, although they are widely known for sporting the tri-colored look (Black, brown, and white). They usually have brown eyes. Although beagle-type dogs have existed for over 2,000 years, the modern kind came from Great Britain around the 1830s. Beagles have been included in popular culture since the times when Queen Elizabeth began to rule, in literature and paintings, and more recently in movie, television and comic books. Snoopy of the comic strip "Peanuts" has been picked as "the world's most famous beagle". History. Early beagles. Dogs that look almost the same as the modern Beagle can be traced in Ancient Greece back to around the 5th century BC. In the "Treatise on Hunting" or "Cynegeticus", written by Xenophon, who said there was a hound that hunted hares by scent and was followed by foot. Small hounds were mentioned in the Forest Laws. If these laws were true, it would be enough proof that beagle-type dogs lived in England before 1016, but it is likely that the laws were written in the Middle Ages for tradition. In the 11th century, William the Conqueror brought the Talbot hound to Britain. The Talbot was a white, slow hound. Once, English Talbots were crossed with Greyhounds to make them faster in running. They are extinct now, but once they had made the Southern Hound more popular, which helped the Southern Hound descend to the Beagle. From medieval times, "beagle" was used as a general description for small hounds, even though they are actually very different from the modern breed. Small breeds of beagle-type dogs were living even from the times of Edward II and Henry VII. Edward and Henry both had packs of Glove Beagles, who were named because of their small size. Also, Queen Elizabeth I kept a breed known as a Pocket Beagle, which stood at the shoulder. It was named so because it could fit in a "pocket" or saddlebag, when they rode along on the hunt. Elizabeth I called the dogs her "singing beagles" and often entertained guests at her royal table by letting her Pocket Beagles cavort amid their plates and cups. Ever since then, it is possible that the name was used to refer to the same kind of small hounds. In George Jesse's "Researches into the History of the British Dog" from 1866, Gervase Markham is quoted referring to the Beagle as small enough to sit on a man's hand and to the: N. T. Rama Rao Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (Telugu:నందమూరి తారక రామా రావు)(28 May 1923–18 January 1996), more commonly known as N.T. Rama Rao, NTR by his fans, or Anna garu, was an Indian movie actor, director, producer, and politician. He founded the Telugu Desam Party and served three times as Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh. His movies included mythological, social, and folk themes. He was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in the 1960s for his work in Telugu cinema. After acting, Rao became a political activist and party leader. Piast dynasty The Piast dynasty was a Polish dynasty that ruled Poland as first lords in the 10th century, until 1370. Piasts ruled also in Masovia until 1526 and Silesia until 1675. M-Tram M>Tram was a tram operator in Melbourne, Victoria. They got a 12-year contract on 29 August, 1999 to run the Swanston Trams franchise, which was later renamed to M>Train. M>Tram stopped running trams in April 2004. Yarra Trams runs all tram services in Melbourne now. M>Tram's slogan was Moving Melbourne. Scrooge McDuck Scrooge McDuck or Uncle Scrooge is a fictional character first appearing in the Disney comic book "Christmas on Bear Mountain". The character was created by Carl Barks and has appeared in many comic books, television shows (most notably in his own animated television series "DuckTales") movies, and video games. Since 1952 Scrooge McDuck has appeared in his own comic book series, called "Uncle Scrooge". He is partially based on the fictional character Ebenezer Scrooge, from Charles Dickens' novel, "A Christmas Carol" and on the real Scottish-born American businessman Andrew Carnegie, whose life story resembles that of Scrooge McDuck. Scrooge was born in Scotland in 1867, the son of Fergus McDuck. His family is very poor, so Scrooge emigrates to USA where he finds gold and becomes rich. In 1902 he moves to Duckburg and builds the Money Bin on Killmotor Hill in the center of Duckburg. Over the next years, Scrooge travels the world, learning about many cultures. In 1930, Scrooge became the richest duck on Earth. In 1942, Scrooge retires and buys a mansion called the Manor McDuck. In 1947, he invites his nephew Donald Duck and his grand-nephews Huey, Dewey and Louie to spend Christmas at his mansion. His main enemies include the criminal gang called the Beagle Boys who keep trying to steal Scrooge's money, and Flintheart Glomgold, the second richest duck in the world, who tries to destroy Scrooge's wealth and become the richest duck in the world. Despite his huge wealth, Scrooge does not like to spend his money, and instead likes to swim in his "Money Bin" full of coins. Although he is well-meaning and cares about his relatives and other people, he reluctantly gives allowance to his grand-nephews, with the condition that they spend it wisely. Money Bin Money Bin is a fictional building that Scrooge McDuck owns. The building was constructed in 1902, after Scrooge entered the diamond market. The building contains all of Scrooge's fortune, which is 'quadrillions' of dollars. The old duck also owns factories, mines, railroads, oil wells and spaceships. The building appears on Ducktales, The Life and times of Scrooge McDuck, and Ducktales the movie. Resurrection Ship The Cylon Resurrection Ship is a fictional type of spacecraft found in the television series "Battlestar Galactica". The ship is a part of Cylon fleet. Cylons who are killed have their consciousness downloaded into a nearby resurrection ship. A new body is created for their consciousness. This lets them live again after they die. If a cylon is too far away from the nearest resurrection ship, death will be permanent. With nowhere for the consciousness to download to, they will simply cease to exist. DIY DIY or "Do it yourself" is a method of home improvement, where the home owner gets materials and tools for themself, then does the work on their own, without professional help. DIY can also mean using any skill to do work or a hobby for fun and not hire help. An example is an activity in arts and crafts. A DIY culture is also used in the alternative rock, punk rock, and indie rock music scenes; and in the zine community. Bolesław I the Brave Bolesław I the Brave (Polish "Bolesław I Chrobry") (967 June 17, 1025) was the duke of Poland from 992 to April 18, 1025 and King of Poland from April 18 to June 17, 1025.He was also a duke of Bohemia known as Boleslav IV from 1003 to 1004. He was the son of Mieszko I, first known ruler of Poland. Conquests. Boleslav wasn't aggressive as long as his friend - the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire lived. After his death in 1002, Boleslav started the imperial policy. During the chaos in Reich, duke conquered the border areas : Lusatia and Meissen. When finally Henry II took over the German Throne, he accepted annexiation of Lusatia, giving it to Bolslav as a fiefdom, and giving Meissen to his ally - Gunzelin. In 1003 the duke of Bohemia - Vladivoj, died. This death caused intervention in Czechia, where Boleslav put on the throne Boleslav III, that was banished before. In the same year, probably thanks to requests of the czech oposition, Boleslav (Polish one) put out the Boleslav's (Czech one) eyes and become the Duke of Bohemia himself. He wouldn't like to pay tribute to the German Emperor, like did the czech dukes, and that was an excuse, that started Polish - German War from 1003 -1018. We know 7 children of Bolesław I. Two of them, Mieszko II Lambert and Bezprym ruled Poland after his death. Bo Diddley Bo Diddley (born Ellas Bates, December 30, 1928 in McComb, Mississippi, died June 2, 2008 in Archer, Florida) was an American singer, guitarist and songwriter. He was one of the original rock and roll musicians; he, along with others, created rock music. In 1955, he recorded and released his first songs. He is most famous for the rhythm which he has made popular in many of his recordings. The rhythm has become known as the Bo Diddley beat. Some of the most popular songs which feature the Bo Diddley beat include "Not Fade Away" and "I Want Candy", George Michael's song "Faith" and U2's song "Desire". Bo Diddley is also famous for the unusual shapes of many of his guitars, for his exciting stage shows and for his use of female musicians. Bo Diddley made many appearances on radio, television and in the movies. In 1956, he co-wrote the popular song "Love Is Strange" for the singing duo Mickey and Sylvia. Some of his most popular songs are: "I'm A Man" (1955), "Pretty Thing" (1955), "Bring It To Jerome" (1955), "Diddy Wah Diddy" (1955), "Who Do You Love" (1956), "Mona (I Need You Baby)" (1957), "Before You Accuse Me" (1957), "Crackin' Up" (1959), "Say Man" (1959), "Say Man, Back Again" (1959), "Road Runner" (1960), "Pills" (1961), "You Can't Judge A Book By The Cover" (1962) and "I Can Tell" (1962). Bo Diddley often sang simple or amusing songs about himself. Some of these songs are "Bo Diddley" (1955), "Diddley Daddy" (1955), "Hey Bo Diddley" (1957), "Bo Meets The Monster" (1958), "Bo Diddley's A Gunslinger" (1960), "Just Like Bo Diddley" (1989), "Bo Diddley Is Crazy" (1996) and "Oops! Bo Diddley" (1996). His songs have been recorded by many other popular recording artists, including Aerosmith, The Animals, Eric Clapton, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Dr. Feelgood, The Doors, Buddy Holly, Chris Isaak, New York Dolls, Quicksilver Messenger Service, Rolling Stones, Bob Seger, George Thorogood and The Destroyers, The Who and The Yardbirds. In 2003, U.S. Representative John Conyers paid tribute to Bo Diddley in the United States House of Representatives when he described him as "one of the true pioneers of rock and roll, who has influenced generations". In 2005, Bo Diddley celebrated his 50th anniversary in music with successful tours of Australia and Europe and with coast-to-coast shows across North America. On June 2, 2008, Diddley died from heart failure at the age of 79. DuckTales DuckTales is an animated Disney television series. The main characters of the series are Scrooge McDuck and his grandnephews Huey, Dewey, and Louie. The series was originally shown from September 18, 1987 to November 28, 1990. It had a total of 100 episodes. There has been a , a spinoff TV show, and a reboot Basic story. "DuckTales" is about the adventures of Scrooge and his nephews. The nephews used to live with their uncle, Donald Duck. They were left with Scrooge when Donald went off to join the Navy. Scrooge is the richest duck in the world. He has no want for anything. This does not stop him from finding ways to try to get more money. Other common plots deal with him protecting his wealth from villains. In general, there were several different plotlines that were used many times in many of the episodes. Some of these plotlines included: Selected episodes. Back Out in the Outback. Somebody is sabotaging Scrooge's ranch when McDuck and his nephews go by plane to Australia. Scrooge, the Manager and MacQuack go by airplane to explore but they are attacked by light swords. Meanwhile, Webby loses herself in the jungle and sleeps on the woods. The next day, Webby and some animals find an opal mine and discover that the Manager is responsible. The manager wants to buy Scrooge's ranch and become a rich man. Fortunately, Webby and the animals show who is the Manager and Scrooge preserves his ranch. Scrooge asked Webby when, how she made up to captured the bandit, she said "group work". Master of the Djinni. Scrooge McDuck and Huey, Dewey and Louie go to the Sahara desert to find Aladdin's lamp. Flintheart Glomgold follows them. The ducks find the lamp's vault but Scrooge and Glomgold rub it at the same time. The djinni comes out and because he can't tell who rubbed the lamp first, he decides to have a race between Scrooge and Glomgold. By Scrooge's suggestion, the djinni decides live in Manor McDuck during the race. Once the djinni and the nephews go to the mansion, Scrooge fights Glomgold's tramps (like the villain trying to kill him with a rock avalanche). Scrooge decides to win the race to Glomgold leave his nephews without a dime. At McDuck's mansion, the djinni starts to like the luxuries of Scrooge's house (because he can eat burgers, swim in the pool and watch TV). He likes it so much that he decides to send Scrooge and Glomgold to back in time so he can live free forever. Because the two billionaires do not know about the time voyage, they continue running when they find a palace. The Sultan, thinking that they are spies of Hemir, decides to give them to crocodiles. But Schewebazade, the Sultan's young wife, saves them and they escape from the palace. The guards follow them and Glomgold go for his count. Meanwhile, the nephews and Webby, who witnessed the evil act of the djinni, put the djinni back in the lamp and let him leave only when he agrees to bring Scrooge back from the past. At this moment, Scrooge and Glomgold come back to the present-day. Unfortunately, Glomgold finds and explores and make over win the race. Obviously, Scrooge can make over come to Duckburg only to discover that Glomgold won the race. Glomgold's first wish is to send Scrooge to a desert island. Glomgold uses his second wish by mistake to go to the desert island with Scrooge (he said he wishes he could see the look on Scrooge's face face when he gets there). At the island, Glomgold wishes that the lamp was never found in the first place. This puts everything back in time to when the ducks open the vault entrance. The explosion made the lamp fall and despite the ducks can back to Duckburg alive, the lamp stays in the vault as never found. Sweet Duck of Youth. One night, Scrooge McDuck and Launchpad go back to Manor McDuck. When Scrooge enters the mansion, he discovers that it is his birthday (which is weird because the show depicts it as a summer night whereas Scrooge's real birthday is in the winter or very late fall) and his family prepared a surprise party. Scrooge is unhappy because he is old. When Mrs. Beakley mentions the fountain of youth, Scrooge runs to the library. There he finds a book that talks about "Ponce de Loon", a Spanish explorer who said he found the fountain of youth in Florida. The next day, in Florida, the ducks are in a tropical forest when they meet an old man who is also trying to find the fountain of youth. After finding a map, the guys find the Fountain of Youth. However, they find out that the fountain only makes their reflection look youthful. Scrooge goes home and realizes that people have to age. Where No Duck Has Gone Before. One day, at Manor McDuck, Huey, Dewey and Louie are watching the television show "Ducks of the Galaxies" when Scrooge buys the Duckburg studios, the place where "Ducks of the Galaxies" is filmed. Scrooge tells Gyro to build a toy spaceship, but Gyro builds an real spaceship. The spaceship sends the Captain, Huey, Dewey, Louie, and McQuack to space where they are captured by aliens. The nephews find out that the Captain is evil. Eventually, Huey, Dewey, and Louie go back to Earth where Scrooge punishes the Captain. Back to the Klondike. On Valentine's Day, Scrooge tells his nephews and Webby his only love story: Scrooge and the others go to Klondike where they try to get the lost gold back. Scrooge meets Goldie and their relationship is of hate\love at the end of the episode. Scrooge discovers that Dangerous Dan is the real thief and, when he tries to tell that to Goldie, she discovers a goldmine. Before the episode ends, Scrooge realizes that Goldie did not steal his gold, she stole his heart. Home video releases. VHS. Video Chile: ADV Garantía Original Video. Thirdteen VHS cassettes contaning 26 episodes were released on Argentinina/Chile. DVD. Video Chile: ADV Garantía Original Video. The sets from Germany and the United Kingdom have also been released on Argentinina/Chile. The First Collection came out on September 15, 2012. The Second Collection was released on April 12, 2013. The Third Collection was released on September 14, 2013. All Grown Up! All Grown Up! was a Nickelodeon animated television series. It was set in California. It was a spin-off of the "Rugrats" series. The series was about the original Rugrats characters being nine to thirteen years older. It was first shown on April 12, 2003. Randalstown Randalstown is a town in County Antrim in Northern Ireland. One famous person who came from Randalstown is the suspected serial killer John Bodkin Adams, born in 1899. Connex Melbourne Connex was a train operator in Melbourne, Australia. They ran all Melbourne railway lines, and took over all M-Train services on April 16, 2003, however Metro Trains Melbourne took over all Connex's services on November 30, 2009. All Connex services used the Metcard fare system. Other websites. Official website Battlestar Galactica Battlestar Galactica is a science fiction franchise. It includes two separate television series, one sequel series, movies, books, comic books, toy and other merchandise. The series are named after the main spacecraft, the Battlestar (a large type of warship in space) Galactica. Original series. The first series was created in 1978 after the successful theater release of "". The series was shown on the American network ABC. The series lasted for eight months and 17 episodes before it ended. The cost of making the series was said to be one of the reasons for it ending. The series starred Lorne Greene as Commander Adama, captain of the Galactica. Richard Hatch played his son, the pilot Apollo. Dirk Benedict played Apollo's friend and fellow pilot, Starbuck. In 1980, ABC made the sequel series "Galactica 1980". This series took place after the fleet got to Earth. The series did not do well in the ratings and quickly ended. Several movies were made using edited version of both series. Remake series. In 2003, Universal Television along with the Sci-Fi Channel and Sky One created a three-hour mini-series based on the original television series. This series was very well liked by both the audience and critics. This led to the Sci-Fi Channel making it into a series in 2004. After the 2007 season of "Battlestar Galactica", the Nielsen ratings said that over 119 million people watched the series. This made it the highest rated and most watched series on cable networks. Edward James Olmos plays Commander William Adama. Jamie Bamber plays his son, Lee "Apollo" Adama. Katee Sackhoff plays Kara "Starbuck" Thrace. Starbuck was one of several characters to be changed from a male character into a female character. Story. All of the "Battlestar Galactica" series have the same basic setting. In a far away part of the universe, a civilization of humans live on planets known as the "Twelve Colonies". In the past, the Colonies were at war with a cybernetic race known as the Cylons. With the help of a human named Gaius Baltar, the Cylons attacked on the Colonies. This surprise attack caused much damage to the planets where the humans lived and killed most of their populations. A few thousand of humans did not die in the attacks. They fled into space aboard any spacecraft they could. Of all the Colonial Fleet, the battlestar "Galactica" appears to be the only military ship that was not destroyed in the attack. Under the leadership of military leader Commander Adama, the Battlestar "Galactica" and its crew lead and protect the fleet of survivors into space in search of a fabled Thirteenth Colony and its home planet, Earth. Black-capped chickadee The black-capped chickadee ("Poecile atricapillus") is a passerine songbird of the family Paridae. It lives in Canada, Alaska and the northern United States. This is a small, common bird which sings a simple song. Appearance. The bird is about 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long and weighs 9-15 g (0.32-0.49 oz). The male and female black-capped chickadees look the same. The black-capped chickadee has black and white on its head. The top of the head and throat are black, and the sides are white. It has a short, black beak. The back of the bird is gray. The front of the body is white and light brown. The bird has short wings and a short tail. Song. The song of the black-capped chickadee is a clear whistle. Behavior. In the summer, the birds eat many insects. In the winter, they eat seeds and berries. They will hide seeds in different places and return later to eat them. When two chickadees want to build a nest, they use a hole in a tree. Harihara Harihara is the deity that combines Vishnu and Shiva. It comes from the Hindu tradition. "Harihara" is also sometimes used as a philosophical term when one wants to speak of the unity of Vishnu and Shiva as different aspects of the same Supreme God. Harihara I Harihara I, (1336-1356 CE) also called Hakka ಹಕ್ಕ and "Vira Harihara I", was the founder of the Vijayanagara empire. He was the eldest son of Bhavana Sangama and was founder of the Sangama dynasty, the first among the four dynasties that ruled Vijayanagara. Immediately after coming to power, he built a fort at Barkuru, on the west coast of present day Karnataka. Kannada inscriptions of his time call him "Karnataka Vidya Vilas" (master of great knowledge and skills), "Bhashegetappuvarayaraganda" (punisher of those feudatories who do not keep their promise), "Arirayavibhada" (fire to enemy kings). Among his brothers, Kampana governed Nellur region, Muddppa administered Mulabagalu region, Marappa oversaw Chandragutti and Bukka Raya was his second in command. At first he conquered the valley of Tungabhadra River, then he expanded his control to certain regions of Konkan and Malabar Coast. By that time Hoysala Empire had lost its last ruler and Harihara I could gain power. An inscription of 1346 speaks of Harihara I as the ruler of “whole country between the eastern and the western seas, and the inscription describes "Vidya Nagara" (that is, the city of learning) as his capital. Harihara I was succeeded by Bukka I who was the most distinguished amongst the five rulers (Panchasangamas) of the Sangama dynasty. Tibetan people The Tibetan people () are an ethnic group that is native to Tibet. They number about 7.8 million. In 2014, there were 7.5 million Tibetans living in Tibet and the 10 Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures in Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan. Large populations of Tibetans live outside of Tibet, in other parts of China, and in India, Nepal and Bhutan. Tibetans speak the Tibetic languages. Many of these languages are cannot be understood by each other. These languages are also spoken by people in Baltistan, Ladakh, Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan. The main language among Tibetans in Tibet is the Central Tibetan language. Most Tibetans practice Tibetan Buddhism. Some practice the native Bön religion. There is a small Muslim minority. The American botanist Joseph Rock saw the fighting between the Hui Muslim warlord Ma Qi and the Tibetan Buddhist of Labrang monastery. Even more brutal fighting broke out when war between Zhang Zuolin's Fengtian clique happened against the Guominjun warlord Feng Yuxiang in 1925, autumn. The position of Gansu governor was taken by Feng Yuxiang. Only Muslim warlords were left after many of the non-Muslim warlords were expelled by Liu Yufen's Guominjun army of 15,000 soldiers as acting governor under Feng Yuxiang. A huge amount of taxes were squeezed for Feng by Liu Yufen after an earthquake and famine brought about by drought. The in Hezhou a revolt against Liu Yufen was led in Liangzhou by Hui Muslim warlord Ma Tingxing (son of Ma Anliang) in 1928, Spring. Hui, Dongxiang and Salar Muslims were recruited to also siege Hezhou in the army of 10,000 by Ma Zhongying, who was related to Ma Qi. Ma Zhongying's Muslim soldiers were starving and numbered 25,000 by November so that attacked the Tao river valley in the south, slaughtering Tibetan Buddhist monks, burning the palace of the Tibetan Tusi chief king Yang Jiqing, sacking the Tibetan city of Chone and defeated Yang Jiqing's 3,000 strong Tibetan militia. Tibetan areas all across southern Gansu were laid waste to. Tibetan militias defeated Taozhou from Ma Tingxing. The Tibetans inflicted heavy casualties upon Ma Tingxian so he supposed Ma Zhongying's Muslim forces and together they ravaged and destroyed the Taozhou-Chone region destroying and burning Tibetan areas. The Muslims burned the printing presses and temple of the Tibetan Buddhists in Chone. The Muslims then looted the gompa and massacred the Tibetan Buddhist monks of the Labrang monastery after fleeting from Liu Yufen in January 1929. 2 million died in the war as villages and towns across Gansu's south and east were destroyed during the war when Ma Zhongying was fighting as Feng Yuxiang attacked him. The Chone temple and palaces were rebuilt by the Tibetan Tusi chief king Yang Jiqing after the 1928-1929 war. The rebellion was put down by Feng Yuxiang and Gansu became peaceful again until the 1935 when the communist Long March came. Li people The Hlai or Li () are an ethnic group living primarily on the island of Hainam, off the southern coast of mainland China and just east of Vietnam. The Hlai are one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the Chinese government. The Hlai were known to the Sui Dynasty Chinese by the name Liliao. Presently they refer to themselves as the Hlai or Sai people. The ethnic group is called Lí in Mandarin and Lai in Cantonese. The Hlai people have their own language. Some dialects of the Hlai language are too different from each other for people to mutually understand each other. The Hlai language is distantly related to languages such as Thai, Lao, and Cuengh. The Hlai language did not have a writing system before the 1950s, when the Latin alphabet was adopted. Some to most Hlai people nowadays can understand Mandarin and Hainanese. Li Li could mean: Altes Museum Altes Museum (German for Old Museum) is a museum in Berlin. It is on the Museum Island (Museuminsel) along the Spree River. The museum is made of Greek columns but it is not of Greek origin. It is considered a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was created between 1822-1830 and holds the Antikensammlung and Münzenkabinett. The Berliner Lustgarten is in front of the museum. The Altes Museum was intended to be a royal collection of art and a public museum to educate the people. It was originally called the Königliches Museum. This mission was in line with the educational ideals of Humboldt. Karl Friedrich Schinkel was involved in the planning, and the building was constructed from 1825 to 1828 in neoclassical style. The museum opened in 1830. It was named Altes Museum after the Neues Museum was built in 1845. Originally the commission only included "high art" of Rome and Greece. During Word War 2, the Nazis used the museum in their propaganda. Suffering some damage during World War 2, the building was mostly renovated between 1951 and 1966. The Sleepers The Sleepers is a painting by Gustave Courbet. The painting was made in 1866. In it, two naked women lie on a bed. It is typical of Courbet's later erotic paintings. The painting is done in oil on canvas. It measures 135 cm high and 200 cm wide. It is currently in the museum Petit Palais in Paris, France. The painting is also known as The Dream (French: "Le Sommeil"), or Lust or The Sloth and Friends. Religion in China The main religions in China are Buddhism, Chinese folklore, Taoism and Confucianism among many others Abrahamic religions are also practised. There is a Kaifeng Jewish community living in China. Also, Islam has been historically popular, introduced since the Tang Dynasty. The Hui people and Uyghur people are Muslims. Buddhism. There are three main existing branches of buddhism: Han Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, and Theravada. The first two are in China. They come from the Mahayana.they also practise other religions and also fall under the Hindu religion Folk Religion. Chinese folk religion is a religion that has been practised in China for thousands of years. There are at least 800,000,000 followers of Chinese folk religion worldwide (estimate). Most if not all of these followers are also followers of Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism, as these three philosophy-religions are major influences of China's folk religion. The influence from and to these three philosophy-religions goes to the extent that some mythical figures from folk culture have merged into those philosophy-religions and vice versa. Chinese folk religion is made up of a combination of religious practices, including Confucianism, ancestor veneration, Buddhism and Taoism. Folk religion also retains traces of some of its ancestral neolithic belief systems which include the veneration of the Sun, Moon, Earth, Heaven and various stars, as well as communication with animals. It has been practised alongside Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism by Chinese people throughout the world for thousands of years. Taoism in China. Daoism, or Taoism, is a philosophy-religion that is at least 2,500 years old. It originated from China and is now widely practised in Korea. 道 Dao, also Romanized as Tao, is the "Force" that Taoists believe makes everything in the world. It is very mysterious, and instead of spending a lot of time trying to explain what the Tao is, Taoists focus on living a simple and balanced life in harmony with nature. This is one of the most important principles in Taoism. Taoists also believe that conflict is not good and that if you have a problem with something, it is better to find a way around it. Some important Taoists are: Kim Ungyong Kim Ung-yong (born 8 March 1962) was a Korean child prodigy. He was able to read and write in Japanese, Korean, German and English before he turned four years old. At the age of four, on 2 November 1967, he answered differential and integral calculus questions on Japanese television, showed that he could speak German, English, Japanese and Korean, and write poetry. Kim was listed in the Guiness Book of World Records under "Highest IQ"; the book guessed the boy's score at "over 200." Kim was a guest student of physics at Hanyang University from the age of 3 until he was 6. At the age of 7 he was invited to the United States by NASA. He finished his university studies, eventually getting a Ph.D. in physics at Colorado State University before he was 15. In 1974, during his university studies, he began his research work at NASA and continued this work until his return to Korea in 1978. When he returned to Korea, he decided to switch from physics to civil engineering and eventually received a doctorate in that field. Kim was offered the chance to study at the most prestigious universities in Korea, but instead chose to attend a provincial university. As of 2007 he also serves as adjunct faculty at Chungbuk National University. Hikaru Hikaru (or Hikari) is a adaptation of , a Japanese language "kanji" which means "light" or "shining." It is also a given name. Some people with this given name are: Hikaru Nakamura is the leading U.S. chess grandmaster (GM). He was born on 9 December 1987 in Japan (Hirakata, Osaka Prefecture). His parents moved to the United States of America when he was two. He has won the U.S. chess championship four times, and represented the United States of America at five Chess Olympiads. In 2011, Nakamura won the Tata Steel Grandmaster A tournament in Wijk aan Zee. His opponents included world #1 and defending champion Magnus Carlsen, former world champion Viswanathan Anand, world #2 Levon Aronian, and former world champion Vladimir Kramnik. Quickdraw A quickdraw is used in rock climbing for lead climbing. One end is hooked into an anchor in the wall. Afterwards the rope is hooked into the other end. Usually quickdraws are used every few meters. Quickdraws are made of two carabiners connected by a sling. Quickdraws can hold up to 22 kN. The quickdraw has one straight gate carabineer and one bent gate carabineer. The bent gate carabineer should always be the one clipped to the rope. For leading and top roping at an indoor climbing wall usually a quickdraw is already attached to each of the protection points on the route. The lower carabineer, (the one with the bent gate) should be clipped so the gate is pointing away from the rope and pointing away from the climbing wall or rock face. Doing this will help prevent the quickdraw from twisting the gate into the wall. The rope should run freely through the spine of each carabineer, not along the gate. The spine is the strongest part of the carabineer. Seedling A seedling is a small plant that grows from a seed. David Boreanaz David Paul Boreanaz (born May 16, 1969) is an American actor. He is best known for his role on the television series "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" and "Angel". On both of these shows, he played the character Angel. From fall of 2005 to spring of 2017, he has played FBI agent Seeley Booth on "Bones". Biography. Early life. David Boreanaz was born on May 16, 1969 in Buffalo, New York. He grew up in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His father is a television weatherman and his mother is a travel agent. He is of Italian descent. The surname Boreanaz is of Northern Italian origin. He was raised Catholic. Boreanaz went to high school in Malvern, Pennsylvania. He went to college at Ithaca College in Ithaca, New York. After graduating, Boreanaz moved to Hollywood, California to become an actor. Career. Boreanaz' first television acting job was a single episode on the hit American sitcom, "Married... with Children". He played Kelly Bundy's biker boyfriend. He was cast in the television series "Buffy the Vampire Slayer", after being seen by a producer when Boreanaz was walking his dog. In the series, he played Angel, a vampire with a soul. The series became very successful and Boreanaz starred in a spin-off series, "Angel". This new series gave the character a chance to evolve. It was mainly about on Angel's battle for redemption. He appeared on "Buffy" from 1997 to 1999, at which point he began starring in "Angel", which ran until 2004. Totalling all of his appearances on "Buffy" & "Angel", including guest appearances, Boreanaz has been in more episodes of the 2 series than any other actor. Boreanaz's only starring role in a major theatrical movie was in 2001's slasher horror movie, "Valentine". This movie also starred Denise Richards and Katherine Heigl. In 2003, he appeared in the music video for singer Dido's "White Flag". He was also the voice of Leon (aka Squall Leonhart) in the video game "Kingdom Hearts". In 2005, Boreanaz began starring along with Emily Deschanel on the prime time television series, "Bones". He most recently appeared in "These Girls", a Canadian movie in which he played a biker. The movie was first shown at the Toronto Film Festival and the Vancouver International Film Festival. It was later shown in a small number of theaters in Canada in March 2006. His future roles include parts in the independent films "Mr. Fix it" and "Suffering Man's Charity". It is also rumored that Boreanaz will star in the upcoming movie "Jurassic Park 4" which will be released some time in 2008. In that same year, he also voiced Hal Jordan in the direct to video DC Comics animated movie "". Personal life. Boreanaz lives in Los Angeles, California. He was married to Ingrid Quinn from June 7, 1997 to October 1999. He married actress and model Jaime Bergman on November 24, 2001. The couple has a son, Jaden Rayne Boreanaz, who was born on May 1, 2002. He and his wife are also good friends with Raven Symone. David attended her 21st birthday in December 2006. Ocean An ocean is a large area of water between continents. Oceans are very big and they join smaller seas together. Oceans (or marine biomes) cover 72% of Earth. There are five main oceans: the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean. The largest ocean is the Pacific Ocean. The smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean. Many types of animals live in oceans, such as carp, crabs, starfish, sharks, and whales. Different water movements separate the Southern Ocean from the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. The Southern Ocean is also called the Antarctic Ocean, because it covers the area around Antarctica. The deepest ocean is the Pacific Ocean. The deep ocean is characterized by cold temperatures, high pressure, and complete darkness. Some very unusual organisms live in this part of the ocean. They do not require energy from the sun to survive, because they use chemicals from deep inside the Earth. Color. Although many people believe that the oceans are blue because the water reflects the blue sky, this is actually not true. Water has a very slight blue color that can only be seen when there is a lot of water. However, the main cause of the blue or blue/green color of the oceans is that water absorbs the red part of the incoming light, and reflects the green and blue part of the light. We then see the reflected light as the color of water. Plants and animals. Many organisms live in oceans. Organisms that live in oceans can live in salt water. They are affected by sunlight, temperature, water pressure, and water movement. Different ocean organisms live near the surface, in shallow waters, and in deep waters. Small plant organisms that live near the surface and use sunlight to produce food are called phytoplankton. Almost all animals in the ocean depend directly or indirectly on these plants. In shallow water, you may find lobsters and crabs. In deeper water, marine animals of many different shapes and sizes swim through the ocean. These include many types of fish, such as tuna, swordfish and marine mammals like dolphins and whales. The skies above the open ocean are home to large sea birds, such as the albatross. Harvesting the ocean. Nations like Russia and Japan have lots of huge ships that go to some of the world's best fishing areas for many months. These large ships have libraries, hospitals, schools, repair (fixing) shops and other things that are needed for fishermen and their families. Many people look at the sea as a source of food, minerals and energy. Fishing. According to the "FishBase.org" website, there are 33,200 known fish species, many of which live in the oceans. Many of these fish are a fine source of protein, so many people eat them. Fishing industries is very important because they make jobs and give food to millions of people. Today, usually through ocean fishing, the ocean supplies about 2% of the calories needed by people. Tuna, anchovies, and herring are harvested close to the surface of the ocean. Pollock, flounder, and cod are caught near the ocean floor. More than a million tons of herring are caught every year in the North Pacific and North Atlantic, and almost eight fish out of ten fish are eaten as food for humans. The other fish are used as fertilizer, glue, and pet and other animal food. Ocean temperatures. There are many different ocean temperatures in the open ocean, both vertically (from top to bottom) and horizontally. Icebergs are made over very cold waters at either pole, while waters at the equator are pretty warm. Water cools and warms more slowly than land does, so land influenced by the ocean has later and milder seasons than land that is farther away from the ocean. The surface part of the ocean, also called the "mixed layer", is not much colder even when we go deeper down. Below this surface zone is a layer of sudden temperature difference, called a "thermocline". This is a middle layer hat is from the surface zone down to about 2,600 feet (800 m). Thermoclines may happen only at seasons or permanently, and may change depending on where and how deep it is. As evaporation happens, it begins cooling, and if the water evaporates very quickly, the water becomes saltier. The salty, cold water is denser, so it sinks. This is why warm and cold waters do not easily mix. Most animals and plants live in the warm upper layer. Below the thermocline, the temperature in the deep zone is so cold it is just above freezing - between . Work (song) "Work" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Kelly Rowland. It was written by Rowland, Scott Storch and Jason "Pooh Bear" Boyd and co-produced by Storch and Boyd for Rowland's second studio album, "Ms. Kelly" (2007). Following the less successful chart performances of previous singles "Like This" and "Ghetto", "Work" was released during the first quarter of 2008 (see 2008 in music) as the album's second single in most international music markets. The song has since enjoyed commercial success, becoming Rowland's best-charting solo single since her 2002 song "Stole," reaching the top of the charts in Bulgaria and Poland, as well as the top 10 in Australia, Finland, France, Ireland, Malta, Poland, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Formats and track listings. These are the formats and track listings of major single-releases of "Work." Eluveitie Eluveitie is a folk metal band from Switzerland. They started in 2002. Their style is a mixture of "Celtic folk metal" and "melodic death metal". Their style is sometimes called "Celtic Metal". Some of their lyrics are in English. Some of their lyrics are in Gaulish, a language that nobody still speaks as a first language. The band was founded by Christian "Chrigel" Glanzmann. Discography. They made videos for the songs Inis Mona, Omnos and Thousandfold. Heaven Shall Burn Heaven Shall Burn is a death metal band from Saalfelden, Germany. Their music style is called "Deathcore" which is a mixture of "metalcore" and "death metal". Their members are: Matthias Voigt (drums), Maik Weichert (guitar), Alexander Dietz (guitar), Eric Bischoff (bass) and Marcus Bischoff (vocals). Paranaguá Paranaguá is a coastal city in the state of Paraná in the south of Brazil. Founded in 1648, it is Paraná's oldest city. Its population was 147,934 as of January 2006 and an area of 826,652 km². It is known for its excellent port facilities, being the sea port for Curitiba, the capital of Paraná. The Port of Paranaguá is the sixth largest port in the world, the second largest in Brazil and the largest grain port of Latin America. His territorial extension is 13 km². It is the second largest port in Brazil, but the first in export of grains. Datura stramonium Datura stramonium, known by the common names, jimson weed, ditch weed, stink weed, loco weed,Korean morning glory, Jamestown weed, thorn apple, angel's trumpet, devil's trumpet, devil's snare, devil's seed, mad hatter, crazy tea, malpitte, the Devil's balls, is an erect annual herb, on average 30 to 150 cm (1-5 feet) tall with erect, forking and purple stems. The leaves are large, 7 to 20 cm (3-8 in) long and have irregular teeth Flowers are trumpet-shaped, white to purple, and 2-7 in long.The fruit are walnut-sized, egg-shaped, and covered in prickles, they split into four chambers, each chamber with dozens of small black seeds Other websites. http://www.erowid.org/plants/datura/datura_info5.shtml Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull is a 2008 American adventure movie directed by Steven Spielberg. The story of the movie was written by Spielberg and executive producer George Lucas. Set in 1957, this fourth movie in the Indiana Jones movie series is based around an older and wiser Indiana Jones (played by Harrison Ford) against agents of the Soviet Union–led by Spalko (Cate Blanchett)–for the crystal skull. Indy is helped by his former lover Marion Ravenwood (played by Karen Allen), Mutt (played by Shia LaBeouf) and friend Mac (played by Ray Winstone). John Hurt, Jim Broadbent, and Ian McDiarmid also play fellow academics. The movie was in "development hell" since the 1989 release of "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade", because Spielberg and Ford did not agree over Lucas's choice of the skull as the center plot device. Screenwriters Jeb Stuart, Jeffrey Boam, M. Night Shyamalan, Frank Darabont and Jeff Nathanson wrote early versions, before David Koepp's script was chosen by all three men. Shooting finally started on June 18, 2007, and took place in New Mexico, New Haven, Connecticut, Hawaii, Fresno, California, and at soundstages in Los Angeles. This movie uses more stunts than CGI (computer generated images) so that the movie looks like the rest in the series. The music was created once again by John Williams. Plot. At the beginning of the movie, the U.S Army is doing weapons testing in Nevada in 1957. It is then revealed that the Soviets have taken control of some of the army and shoot some security people dead. A group of Soviet men and agent Irina Spalko then pull Indiana Jones out of the car and make him get an object that he found ten years ago. He finds the box and tries to escape, but his friend Mac turns on him. After escaping, he finds himself in a fake town. The U.S Army then explodes an atomic bomb. Jones gets into a refrigerator and barely survives. Because Jones was Mac's friend for a long time, the U.S government thinks that Jones might be a Communist. At Marshall College the next day (where Jones teaches), the head dean informs him that he is on a "leave of absence" and that the dean resigned in order to protect Jones. Jones packs his bags and leaves New York. Before he can leave, though, a young man named Mutt Williams comes to him and shows him a letter. Williams says that Harold Oxley, one of Jones's old friends, has been kidnapped. Later, these people kidnapped Williams' mother Mary and will kill them both if the crystal skull cannot be found. Jones reads the letter and the puzzle and says that Oxley was referring to Cuzco, Peru. Jones and Williams fly down there, where Jones learns that Oxley was put in a jail a couple of months ago. In the prison, Oxley scratched out some drawings. Jones and Williams head to a grave site where they believe Francisco de Orellana lies buried; legend tells that he found the crystal skull but was never found. They find the skull and come up only to find Mac and some Soviets pointing weapons at them. All of them fly to a new camp in the jungle. Spalko tells Jones that she believes that the skull was made by aliens and that it holds great power. There, Jones finds that "Mary Williams" is actually Marion Ravenwood, his old lover. He also finds Oxley, who is out of his mind, rambling and unable to speak a full sentence. Jones finds out what Oxley is saying. As the Soviets and Jones figure out where to go, Williams starts a fire and tries to get them to escape. Jones and Ravenwood fall in quicksand and start sinking. As they sink, Ravenwood tells Jones that Williams' real name is Henry Jones III and that he is Jones's son. Williams uses a snake to get them out of the sandpit. They are recaptured. The next day, the Soviets begin destroying the forest as they seek to reach the Temple of Aktor, the area Oxley pointed out. Jones gets his ropes loose and takes over one of the cars, starting a long jungle chase. In the end, they find the area, the location where the crystal skull should be returned. Mac rejoins the group as a good guy, but in reality he was still not good, and left little blinking red lights as a trail so the slower Soviets can find where Jones and his party were. In a chamber tomb, Jones and his party find that 13 crystal skeletons, with one missing a skull. Spalko takes the skull away from Oxley and puts it back. The temple begins to crumble. Spalko wants to know everything in the world but she soon knows too much and explodes. Jones and his party start to escape. Jones stops to try to get Mac, but Mac says it is okay and lets himself be taken away. After Jones exits the temple, he sees the temple collapse and reveal itself to be a flying saucer. Back home, Jones becomes the associate dean of Marshall College. He and Ravenwood get married. Indian Premier League The Indian Premier League is a Twenty20 cricket tournament in India. The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) began the tournament after a dispute with the Indian Cricket League. The first season of the Indian Premier League began on 18 April 2008. There are the eight franchises that field teams to play in the IPL: Five other teams have played in the IPL but stopped due to cost: Fernando Pessoa Fernando António Nogueira Pessoa (Lisbon, 13 June 1888 - Lisbon, 30 November 1935), also known as Fernando Pessoa, was a Portuguese poet and writer. Pessoa is considered one of the greatest Portuguese poets. He has been compared to Luís Vaz de Camões. His works reflect the infuence of classic tradition and French symbolism and his poetry reflects nostalgia. He is famous for having written under 73 different names. Each had its own presumed biography, physical qualities, relationship to the others, poetic voice, and point of view. Pessoa believed that a person could have more than one integrated personality. His work was also influenced by the English language which he learned in South Africa, where he spent a great part of his youth. Death. He died of liver disease at age 47 in Lisbon. His last words were in English: ""I know not what tomorrow will bring..."." Writings. Among Pessoa's poems in English, there are "Sonnets" (1918), "English Poems" (1922), and "Mensagem" (1934). Gaeltacht Gaeltacht areas are regions where many or most of the people speak the Irish language. They are in the Republic of Ireland. The largest Gaeltacht areas are in the counties of Kerry, Cork, Galway, Mayo, Donegal, Waterford and Meath. At the time of the 2006 census of the Republic of Ireland, the population of the Gaeltacht was 91,862, about 2.1% of the state's 4,239,848 people. The main concentrations of Irish speakers are in the western counties of Donegal, Mayo, Galway, Kerry, and Cork. But in Gaeltacht electoral districts the percentage of Irish speakers is much higher. Harassment Harass or harassment is when a person annoys or upsets someone else, usually repetitively. It is done on purpose and makes the target feel scared, worried or sick from fear. These are behaviors that appear to be disturbing, upsetting or threatening. There are a lot of types of harassment: bullying at school or by neighbors, sexual harassment at work or when someone borrowed money, or racial and religious discrimination. There are laws against harassment in many countries, and employers now have a duty to protect employees from harassment. Brná nad Labem Brná nad Labem (German: "Birnai") is a part of city Ústí nad Labem, Czech republic. It is a small part of landscape park České středohoří on the right side of river Labe, and is close to Ústí nad Labem. Its area is about 4,23 km². Goodies (song) Goodies is a song recorded by American singer Ciara and rapper Petey Pablo for Ciara's debut album "Goodies" (2004) and written by Ciara, Sean Garrett, LaMarquis Jefferson, Craig Love and Jonathan Smith. "Goodies" is a combination of hip hop, crunk and R&B. The song's lyrics are about female empowerment and virginity. The protagonist does not want to an object, while performing over a complex beat. The song's protagonist rejects a male's sexual advances, proclaiming that he will never get her "goodies" because "they stay in the jar". Formats and track listings. These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of "Goodies." Personnel. Recording Credits James I of Scotland James I (December 10, 1394 – February 21, 1437) was King of Scots from April 4, 1406, and ruled as King of Scots from May 1424 until February 21, 1437. Reign. He made many economic and legal changes. For instance, he tried to change the Parliament of Scotland to suit English lines. Many of his actions were useful, but they also upset many people. Therefore during the later years of his reign his ability was questioned, but when the king threw a party on February 21, 1437, he was assassinated by a group of Scots led by Sir Robert Graham. He attempted to escape his attackers through a sewer but could not because the sewer was blocked. A wave of executions followed, including the king's uncle, Sir Walter Sterwart and Sir Robert Steward. Shameless Shameless is a BAFTA award-winning British comedy-drama television series set in the fictional Chatsworth Estate in Manchester, United Kingdom. Produced by Company Pictures for Channel 4, the first seven-episode series aired weekly on Tuesday nights at 10pm from 13 January 2004. The dramedy which deals with issues related to chav culture in the UK has been accorded critical acclaim by various sections of the British media, including "The Sun" newspaper and "Newsnight Review" on BBC Two. Stele A stele is a stone or wooden slab, mostly taller than it is wide, that is built so that people will remember something when they look at it. Mostly it is decorated with the names and titles of the person that shall remind of. This is inscribed, carved in relief or painted onto the slab. History and function. Stelae were also used as territorial markers, as the boundary stelae of Akhenaten at Amarna, or to commemorate military victories. They were widely used in the Mesopotamia, Greece, Egypt, Ethiopia, and, quite independently, in China and some Buddhist cultures, and, more surely independently, by Mesoamerican civilisations, especially the Olmec and Maya. The huge number of stelae that survive from ancient Egypt and in Central America are one of the largest and most significant sources of information on those civilisations. Unfinished standing stones, set up without inscriptions from Libya in North Africa to Scotland were monuments of pre-literate Megalithic cultures in the Late Stone Age. An obelisk is a specialized kind of stele. The Celtic high crosses of Ireland, Scotland, and Wales are "specialized stelae". Likewise, the totem pole of North and South America is a type of stelae. Gravestones are also kinds of stelae. In 2004 the architect Peter Eisenman created a field of some 2,700 blank stelae, the "Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe" in Berlin to memory of the Holocaust. Qingzang railway The Qingzang railway (also called Qinghai–Xizang railway, or Qinghai–Tibet railway) is a railway line from Xining, Qinghai Province, to Lhasa in Tibet. The line includes the Tanggula Pass, at 5,072 m (16,640 feet) above sea level the world's highest rail track and Tanggula Railway Station which is the highest railway station. The 1,338 m Fenghuoshan tunnel is the highest rail tunnel in the world, at 4,905 m above sea level. The 3,345-m Yangbajing tunnel is the longest tunnel on the line. It is 4,264 m above sea level, 80 kilometres north-west of Lhasa. More than 960 km, or over 80% of the Golmud-Lhasa section, is at an altitude of more than 4,000 m. There are 675 bridges, totalling 159.88 km, and over half the length of the railway is laid on permafrost. The railway which was finished in 2006 is said to not help the people of Tibet. It takes about 3 days to go from Lhasa to Guangzhou or Shanghai. Ostrava Ostrava is the third biggest city in the Czech Republic. It is also the government center of the Moravian-Silesian Region. The town was founded in 1267 and lies in the north-eastern part of the country. More than 300,000 people live there. Sleep disorder A sleep disorder is a problem that stops people from sleeping normally. But really what is normal sleeping? There are many sleep disorders, and some of them are very serious. A test commonly ordered for some sleep disorders is the polysomnogram. Types of sleep disorders. Sleep disorders can be put into groups. These groups include: Common sleep disorders. The most common sleep disorders include: Common causes of sleep disorders. Changes in life style, such as shift work change or travelling over several time zones, can cause sleep disorders. Some other problems that can cause sleeping problems include: Treatment. A sleep diary or log can be used to help diagnose (define) the problem. It can also be used to measure improvements. According to Dr. William Dement of the Stanford Sleep Center, anyone who snores and is sleepy in the daytime should see a doctor about sleep disorders. In case of chronic pain, both the pain and the sleep problems should be treated. Pain can lead to sleep problems and vice versa. The choice of a treatment for a sleep disorder depends on the patient's diagnosis, his/her medical and psychiatric history, and how she or he prefers to be treated. Medications sometimes work fast. On the other hand, sometimes behavioral treatment of insomnia may give more lasting results. Kirk Cameron Kirk Thomas Cameron (born October 12, 1970) is an American actor best known for playing "Mike Seaver" on the television situation comedy, "Growing Pains", and in other television shows and movies. He was the main actor in the "Left Behind" movie series and in "Fireproof". He is also an active Christian evangelist, and works with Ray Comfort on "The Way of the Master". He co-started "The Firefly Foundation" with his wife, actress Chelsea Noble. Birth and family. Cameron was born on October 12, 1970 in Panorama City, California. His parents are Robert Cameron, a retired school teacher, and Barbara Bausmith, a stay-at-home mom. He is the brother to Bridgette, Melissa, and Candace Cameron, who is played "D.J. Tanner" on the television sitcom, "Full House". He would go to school on the set of "Growing Pains", as opposed to a normal school. He graduated at age 17 with high honors. Cameron and his wife, actress Chelsea Noble, were married on July 21, 1991. They now have six children, four of whom were adopted: Jack (born 1996), Isabella (born 1997), Anna (born 1998), and Luke (born 2000); and two biological: Olivia Rose (born July 18, 2001) and James Thomas (born April 13, 2003). Acting career. Cameron began acting at the age of nine, and his first job was for a breakfast cereal. His first starring role was at the age of ten in the television series "Two Marriages". At this age, he appeared in several television shows and movies. He became famous after being cast as "Michael Seaver" in the 1985 television series "Growing Pains". In the series, Seaver's girlfriend was Kate MacDonald, who was played by Chelsea Noble, Cameron's future wife. Cameron subsequently became a teen heartthrob in the late 1980s, while appearing on the covers of several teen magazines, including "Tiger Beat", "Teen Beat", "16" and others. At the time, he was making $50,000 a week. He was also in a 60-second Pepsi commercial during Super Bowl XXIV. Cameron went on to star in many movies, for example 1987's "Like Father Like Son", which made a lot of money. His next movie, 1989's "Listen to Me", did not make very much money. When "Growing Pains" ended in 1992, Cameron went on to star in the sitcom "Kirk" which began in 1995 and ended two years later. In "Kirk", Cameron played Kirk Hartman, a 24-year-old who has to raise his siblings. Cameron and Noble also worked together on "Kirk". Ten years after "Growing Pains" ended, was a part of "The Growing Pains Movie", in 2000, and ', in 2004. Cameron has also often worked in Christianity-related movies, among them the post-Rapture movies ', ', and ', in which he plays Cameron "Buck" Williams. Cameron's wife Noble also starred in these movies, playing Hattie Durham. Cameron has worked with Cloud Ten Pictures, and has been in several of their movies. He was also in "Fireproof", which was made by Sherwood Pictures. They only spent $500,000 making the movie. Cameron as the main actor, playing Captain Caleb Holt. Though it was a did not cost much money to make, the movie made $33,415,129. Cameron said, "["Fireproof" is] the best work of my life." Christianity and evangelism ministry. Cameron was once an atheist, but around the age of 17-18, during the height of his career on "Growing Pains", he developed a belief in God, and became a Christian. After converting to Christianity, he began to insist that storylines be stripped of anything he thought to be too adult or racy in "Growing Pains". The cast ostracized him from their activities. They did not attend his wedding, nor was he invited to any of theirs. A decade later, Cameron agreed to appear in "The Growing Pains Movie", where the entire main cast reunited with one another. Cameron said, Cameron currently partners with fellow evangelist Ray Comfort, training Christians in evangelism. Together, they founded the ministry of "The Way of the Master", which is best known for its award-winning television show Cameron co-hosts. It also formerly featured a radio show known as "The Way of the Master Radio" with talk show host Todd Friel. The radio show was later canceled, and "Wretched Radio" began, hosted by Friel. He, with wife Noble, founded "The Firefly Foundation", which runs "Camp Firefly", an organization that gives terminally ill children and their families a free week's vacation. Cameron and Comfort were a part in a debate on television with atheists Brian Sapient and Kelly O'Conner of the Rational Response Squad, at Calvary Baptist Church in Manhattan on May 5, 2007. It was moderated by ABC's Martin Bashir and parts of it were played on "Nightline". They debated whether or not there is a God. Some of the people in the audience believed in God, and some did not. Awards. Young Artist Awards Saturn Award Golden Globe Awards People's Choice Award Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards Get on the Bus "Get on the Bus" was the third single from girl group Destiny's Child. The song featured rapper/producer Timbaland and is lifted from the original motion picture soundtrack of "Why Do Fools Fall in Love" (1998). It was the second single to be lifted from the soundtrack following Melanie B's debut single, "I Want You Back". Produced by Timbaland, it peaked at number twelve on the UK and Netherlands charts, and at number sixty on the German chart. The single was not commercially released in the U.S. and other major markets, It did receive some minor US Urban radio airplay, peaking at #58 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay chart. The music video was directed by Earle Sebastian. South China Sea The South China Sea is an ocean region in the south of China. It is a part of the Pacific Ocean. The sea and its islands and reefs are claimed by many nations, including China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei. These claims are in the many names used for the islands and the sea. Names. The name of the sea as used internationally is "South China Sea." In Vietnam the sea is called "Biển Đông" (which exactly means "East Sea"). In the Philippines the eastern part of the sea, right to the west of Luzon island, was commonly called ""Luzon Sea"," with the remaining sea still called "South China Sea." To support its claims on the Spratly Islands and the Scarborough Shoal, the Philippines has named the eastern part of the sea the "West Philippine Sea" in 2012. Sometimes, this name is as the name of the sea itself in the country. Geography. The South China Sea runs from Singapore to the Taiwan Strait The sea has an area of around 3,500,000 km². It is located in the western arm of the Pacific Ocean It is one of the largest seas after the five oceans. There are hundreds of small South China Sea Islands. As a group, these islands are called an archipelago. Some of the bigger islands have people living on them. They are inhabited. Most of the islands are small and uninhabited. Leo Belgicus The Leo Belgicus is a map of the former Low Countries (the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium and a small part of northern France). They are drawn in the shape of a lion. The Leo Belgicus that came first was drawn by the Austrian cartographer Michael Aitzinger in 1583. The Netherlands were fighting the Eighty Years' War for freedom at this time. There were three different drawings. In the most common one, the lion's head was found in the northeast part of the country and the tail in the southeast part of the country. The most famous version is the drawing of Claes Janszoon Visscher. It was made in 1609 when the Twelve Years' Truce was written. The third version was made late in the war. It was made after the freedom of the Dutch Republic was given in the Peace of Westphalia of the year 1648. It is called the "Leo Hollandicus", the Holland Lion, and shows only the province of Holland. Tebibyte A tebibyte (TiB) is a unit of measurement in computers and similar electronic devices. Tebibytes hold 1024 gibibytes (GiB) or 1,099,511,627,776 bytes. Some people incorrectly call this number of bytes a terabyte, which is actually one trillion bytes, or 1000 gigabytes (GB). 1024 tebibytes make one pebibyte. Petabyte A petabyte (PB) is a unit of measurement in computers and similar electronic devices. One petabyte holds 1000 terabytes (TB) or 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes. Large organizations use petabytes of storage to hold massive amounts of data. To store this amount of data at home would require about 1000 large home computers. People at home probably do not use petabytes, they would use terabytes (primarily for very large backups), gigabytes, megabytes and occasionally kilobytes. One thousand petabytes make one exabyte. Exabyte An exabyte (EB) is a unit of measurement for data equal to 1000 petabytes (PB) or a million trillion (1,000,000,000,000,000,000) bytes. An exabyte is large enough that it would take about 10,000 to 100,000 home computers to store this amount of data. One thousand exabytes make one zettabyte. Zettabyte A zettabyte (ZB) is a unit of measurement for computers of the future. One zettabyte holds 1000 exabytes (EB) or a billion trillion (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) bytes, and 1000 zettabytes make one yottabyte. A zettabyte is so large that it would take about a million supercomputers (or a billion powerful home computers) to store this amount of data. Yottabyte A yottabyte (YB) is a unit of measurement for computers of the future. One yottabyte holds 1000 zettabytes (ZB) or a trillion trillion (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) bytes. 1000 yottabytes make up 1 hellabyte. A yottabyte is so large that it would take about a billion supercomputers to store this amount of data. Nature's services Nature's services is a term for the ways in which nature benefits humans. It means particularly those benefits that can be measured in economic terms. Robert Costanza and other theorists of natural capital analysed nature's services to humanity in the 1990s. The economic contribution of seventeen of these services they calculated to be about US$33 trillion per year, greater than the activities of the whole human economy, which was about US$25 trillion. This was based on estimated costs of replacing the services nature provides. For that purpose they were compared with equivalent services that are produced by humans. This calculation makes clear that mankind cannot develop without nature's services. This study is central for the theory of natural capital. But this study had no great influence on government policy or on WTO, IMF or G8 economic and trade policy. Signing Time! Signing Time, Is A Canadian/American Childrens Television Show Produced By Nelvana and Little Hands Productions In Association With Canadian Boardcasting Corporation and American Public Television Research shows that sign language can help children's learning ability to grow. With just a few simple American Sign Language signs, babies and toddlers — some as young as nine months old — can show people their needs before they can speak, which may make them have fewer temper tantrums, even if they have disabilities. School-aged children enjoy the benefits of learning a second language. Children with developmental delays or special needs can find their own “voice” by using their hands to talk using sign language. Signing Time helps children learn through three senses — visual (seeing), auditory (hearing), and kinesthetic (touch) — and reaches children with different learning styles and abilities by making children want to communicate with other people through signing, singing, speaking and dancing. In the series, songwriter and musician Rachel Coleman, her daughter Leah (who is deaf), Alex (Leah’s cousin who can hear), and their pet frog named Hopkins, who is a cartoon, teach hundreds of useful American Sign Language signs. Children learn signs for words, questions, phrases, movements, colors, sports, days of the week, everyday objects, and activities that are done a lot. Signing Time! makes learning sign language easy for the whole family. History. In 1996, Rachel Coleman had a daughter, who was named Leah. Fourteen months after she was born, Rachel and her husband, Aaron, found out that Leah was deaf since she was born. After that, the couple started to teach Leah sign language, first with Signing Exact English (SEE), then with American Sign Language (ASL),so that they could learn to communicate, becoming good signers. Rachel was surprised to see that after six months, Leah's sign language vocabulary had more words the vocabulary of hearing children her same age. Rachel's sister Emilie Brown and her husband Derek were teaching Leah's baby cousin, Alex, how to sign, and he learned it quickly also. A few years later, Rachel had a second daughter. Lucy was born 8 weeks premature, with spina bifida (this means there is a hole in your back when you are born and your spinal cord is sticking out) and cerebral palsy (your brain has trouble controlling your muscles). Doctors worried that, because of her cerebral palsy, Lucy would never be able to speak or use sign language to communicate with her deaf sister, but after the first volume was made, Lucy started to sign, and later, to speak. Rachel then thought that signing could be beneficial to all children. Rachel and Emilie decided to make a video for hearing children so that American Sign Language could be made accessible to all children, and made Two Little Hands Productions, their producing company, together. How the show works. Rachel hosts the show herself, with her daughter Leah and nephew Alex also starring to help teach signs. In My First Signs, Rachel was not going to be in the videos, but she was added to show the signs because Alex and Leah (who were 3 and 4 then) could not sign clearly enough all the time to teach viewers the signs. In the earlier episodes, Rachel did not want to sing and sign at the same time since it causes some problems for those who want true American Sign Language, but customers responded, wanting more songs and wanting to learn signs from them. So, already being a musician, Rachel wrote more songs. Rachel sings a lot of songs during each episode, signing the words at the same time. During the episode, Rachel shows many signs from a certain topic (schools, daytime activities, etc.) and then has Leah and Alex sign—they sign first now—alongside with many other children of different backgrounds. After that, the words are emphasized with song. The second season has a new layout that includes new signs and more original music. Each program teaches signs from one theme, marked by a theme song, which is taught verse by verse. This lets children develop a comforting knowing of the melody line of each song, helping to give them a sense of mastery and a feeling like they are actually “with” the characters as they sing and sign along. Also, new parts “ABC Time,” “Counting Time,” “Game Time,” “Story Time,” and “Hopping/Moving Time” look into the episode theme or other skills in a playful way. These segments use teaching methods such as mnemonics (a way to make your memory better), songs, stories, and games, which are good for many different learning styles and abilities by promoting interaction through signing, singing, speaking and dancing. Actors/Characters. Rachel de Azevedo Coleman (“Rachel”). Rachel is the host of the Signing Time! series. She has spent much of her adult life working in entertainment. While performing with her band We the Living, Rachel foun out that her 14-month old daughter, Leah, was deaf. Rachel’s second daughter, Lucy, had fetal surgery (surgery before she was born) for spina bifida and was later diagnosed with cerebral palsy. In spite of such limitations, Lucy now communicates with both speech and sign language. After years of musical silence, Rachel has picked up that guitar again, writing and performing all of the songs for Signing Time!. She used to sing for her band. Now, she sings for Lucy, Leah, and children everywhere. In addition to starring in Signing Time!, Rachel is also a popular singer, performer, and speaker, and has performed for hundreds of thousands of children all across the country. Leah Coleman (“Leah”). Leah Coleman is the person that made her mother want to make Signing Time! Diagnosed as profoundly deaf at 14 months old, she began learning American Sign Language (ASL) as fast as her parents could learn it and teach it to her. Leah could sign full sentences long before her ‘hearing’ peers could even speak, and because of that, her parents say she never threw a tantrum. Leah is now in fifth grade and loves reading, skating on her “Heelys” and playing with her little sister Lucy. She recently won first place in her very first horse show and got national attention for winning first place in her school Spelling Bee, despite being deaf. Her favorite food is sushi and she loves the color purple. She loves being in "Signing Time!" with her cousin Alex, and teaching ASL to other children. Alex Brown (“Alex”). Alex Brown was in the very first episode of Signing Time! before his third birthday. He learned to sign as a baby so that he could communicate with his deaf cousin, Leah. He is now in fifth grade and loves to ride his bike, rollerblade, make comic books, draw mazes and play with his little brother Zachary. His favorite food is shrimp with shell pasta and his favorite color is green. He is a budding singer and pianist, but he enjoys "playing" the piano more than he enjoys practicing. A native of Salt Lake City, Utah, Alex has also lived in Virginia and California. He enjoys filming "Signing Time!" particularly when he gets to swing on the tire swing or have pillow fights on the set with Leah. Hopkins. Originally developed as a gecko named ‘Twerp’ (a play on the nickname ‘Terp, for interpreter), “Hopkins” the frog was supposed to be Leah’s ‘voice’ and appear as a gift from Grandma and Grandpa. Alas, since Leah’s speech is developing on her own, Hopkins is now very happy being a little green animated sidekick who loves to swim, paint, lift large pieces of fruit and eat unsuspecting flies. He is proudly named after Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, who in 1817 established the first free American school for the deaf and hearing-impaired. List of Episodes. All numbers are Signing Time! volume numbers from the official website. Signing Time! Products. Two Little Hands productions offers a wide variety of fun and educational American Sign Language (ASL) products. Other items include printed materials including board books and flash cards, "Signing Time!" clothing, and "Signing Time!" music CDs. Wuthering Heights Wuthering Heights is a novel by Emily Brontë. It was first published in 1847 under the pseudonym (false name) "Ellis Bell". After her death, a second edition was edited by her sister Charlotte. The story is about the love of Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw, foster siblings in Yorkshire. It is a classic of English literature, and has been made into movies many times and also a hit song by Kate Bush. Capitol Hill Baptist Church Capitol Hill Baptist Church is a Baptist church on Capitol Hill in Washington D.C.. Mark Dever serves as the senior pastor of the church. It is linked with the Southern Baptist Convention. History. In 1867 on Capitol Hill, a group of people came together to pray for a church to be started in their area. The church would one decade later become known as the Metropolitan Baptist Church. In 1878, it had 31 members. In the coming years, the church grew. In 1912 the church finished working on the new main hall. Their then current pastor Dr. John Compton Ball oversaw the church membership increase, it numbered in the thousands by 1950. Over the next several years, the membership slowly dropped, and hit a low of around one hundred people, in the early 1990s. In recent years the church has grown to a much bigger church. Gerry and the Pacemakers Gerry and The Pacemakers were an English rock and roll group during the 1960s. Like The Beatles, they came from Liverpool and were also managed by Brian Epstein. Early days. Gerry Marsden was born on September 24, 1942, in Liverpool, England. His brother, Freddie, was born on October 23, 1940, in Liverpool. They formed a musical group called "The Mars Bars", with Gerry playing guitar and Freddie the drums. They changed the name to The Pacemakers because the Mars candy company said they would take them to court for using the name. Les Chadwick (born John Leslie Chadwick) was born on May 11, 1943 in Liverpool. He worked in a bank before joining the band in 1959. He was their lead guitarist, but changed to bass. Les Maguire (born Leslie Maguire) was born on December 27, 1941 in Wallasey, Cheshire. He joined the band in 1960 after the group's piano player, Arthur McMahon, left the group. Success. The Pacemakers were the second band to be managed by Brian Epstein, who was also manager of "The Beatles. Brian had heard the band at the "Cavern Club" in Liverpool in 1962. Their first three songs in 1963, "How Do You Do It?", "I Like It" and "You'll Never Walk Alone", all went straight to number one on the charts. "You'll Never Walk Alone", first written by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II for the musical "Carousel", became the favourite song of supporters of the Liverpool Football Club. They even made a very successful full length movie in 1965 called "Ferry Cross The Mersey". This was based on the song written by Gerry. The song made Liverpool's ferries world famous. Gerry also wrote eight other songs for the film. The band enjoyed great success between 1963—1966, with such songs as "It's Gonna Be All Right". This time was called the British Invasion because so many British bands were successful. "[Our] songs were happy, the music simple and the lyrics nice to listen to," Gerry said. "We didn't try to change the world." Break up. The group broke up in 1967, and Gerry went on to work as an actor and performer in musical theater. He reformed The Pacemakers in 1972 with prominent Liverpool musicians Jose McLaughlin, Billy Kinsley and Pete Clarke. Gerry wrote a book about his life, "You'll Never Walk Alone", which was published in 1993. Original band member, Freddie Marsden, died on December 9, 2006, at 66 years of age. Left Behind (series) The Left Behind series (or just Left Behind) is a fictional book series written by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins. The series takes place during, and after the rapture. Besides the best-selling fiction book series, there are also graphic novels, CDs, and a series. The books. Note: The first three books were written later in time, but are a prequel to the series. The movies. Note: The first of the books were made into movies starring Kirk Cameron. Master Chief Master Chief Petty Officer John-117 is a fictional person. He is the main protagonist of the "Halo" video game series. He is also called Master Chief, or Spartan-117. Master Chief is a player character in "", "Halo 2", "Halo 3", "Halo 4, Halo 5: Guardians and Halo Infinite". He also is also featured in several novels and other games in the Halo series. The character is never seen without his green-colored armor and helmet. He is one of the most recognizable characters from Halo. Several action figures of the character are available. Arrowhead An arrowhead is point of an arrow, or a shape resembling such a point. Arrowheads are found all over the United States. Archaeologically they are usually made of stone: primarily being flint, obsidian, or chert; but in many excavations bone, wooden and metal arrowheads have been found. In North America, Arrowheads are sometimes mistakenly attributed to the Historic Period American Indians, but are actually from North America's prehistoric ancestors; some arrowheads date back to over 15,000+ years old (Paleo-Clovis Culture). In Scandinavia during the Viking age a wide range of arrowheads were used for a variety of tasks. Arrowheads are attached to arrow shafts and may be "thrown" (similar to a spear thrower), or fired from a bow. Related pages. Stone tool Obsidian Obsidian is a natural volcanic glass: it is a kind of igneous rock. It is produced when lava high in silica (SiO2) cools rapidly, and solidifies quickly. Because there is no crystal structure, obsidian blade edges can reach almost molecular thinness. They were used as arrowheads, and today they may be used as surgical scalpel blades. Origin and properties. Obsidian is mineral-like, but not crystalline. It is dark in color like basalt. It consists mainly of SiO2 (silicon dioxide), usually 70% or more. Obsidian does not last forever. It is metastable: it changes very slowly. Over time, the glass becomes fine-grained crystals. So, no unaltered obsidian is older than Cretaceous age. It breaks down faster when water is present. Obsidian has little water, but takes it in if it sits in groundwater. Usually dark, the color varies on the presence of different materials. Iron and magnesium typically give the obsidian a dark green to brown to black color. A few samples are nearly colorless. In some stones, small crystals produce a snowflake pattern ("snowflake obsidian"). It may contain patterns of gas which produce effects such as a golden sheen ("sheen obsidian") or a rainbow sheen ("rainbow obsidian"). Historical use. Obsidian was valued in Stone Age cultures because, like flint, it could be chipped to produce hand axes, sharp blades or arrowheads. Pre-Columbian Mesoamericans used obsidian often. It was worked for tools and decorative objects. It was also polished to create early mirrors. Mesoamericans also made a type of sword with obsidian blades mounted in a wooden body. Called a macuahuitl, the weapon could cause terrible injuries, because it combined the sharp cutting edge of an obsidian blade with the ragged cut of a serrated edge. Native American people traded obsidian throughout North America. Each volcano and in some cases each volcanic eruption produces a distinguishable type of obsidian. So archaeologists can trace the origins of a particular artifact. Obsidian can be identified in Greece as coming from different islands in the Aegean Sea. Obsidian cores (unworked lumps) and blades were traded great distances inland from the coast. Modern archaeologists have developed a dating system to calculate the age of obsidian artifacts depending from the content of water in the object. Occurrence. Obsidian can be found where high silicate eruptions have happened. There are solid obsidian flows in the calderas of Newberry Volcano and Medicine Lake Volcano in the Cascade Range of western North America, and at Inyo Craters east of the Sierra Nevada, California. Yellowstone National Park has a mountainside containing obsidian between Mammoth Hot Springs and the Norris Geyser Basin. Deposits can be found in many other western US states including Arizona, Colorado, Texas, Utah, Oregon and Idaho. Obsidian can also be found in Armenia, Turkey, Italy, Mexico, Iceland, Greece and Scotland. Current use. Obsidian is used in heart surgery, as well-crafted obsidian blades have a cutting edge many times sharper than high-quality steel surgical scalpels, with the edge of the blade being only about 3 nm wide. Even the sharpest metal knife has a jagged, irregular blade when viewed under a strong enough microscope. When examined under an electron microscope an obsidian blade is still smooth and even. One study found that obsidian produced narrower scars, fewer inflammatory cells, and less granulation tissue in a group of rats. Obsidian is also used for ornamental purposes and as a gemstone. It possesses the property of presenting a different appearance according to the manner in which it is cut. When cut in one direction it is a beautiful jet black; when cut across another direction it is glistening gray. Obsidian (disambiguation) Obsidian can refer to: Isle of Arran Arran or the Isle of Arran is the largest island in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland. With an area of it is the seventh largest Scottish island. Just over 5,000 people live there. Arran shares with the Hebrides cultural and physical similarities. Arran is mountainous and has been described as a "geologist's paradise".p11/17 People have lived there since the early Neolithic period, from which time on there are numerous prehistoric remains. From the 6th century on peoples from Ireland colonised the island and it became a centre of religious activity. During the troubled Viking Age, Arran became the property of the Norwegian crown before becoming formally absorbed by the Kingdom of Scotland in the thirteenth century. The 19th century "clearances" led to significant reductions in population and the end of the Gaelic language and way of life. The economy and population have recovered in recent years, the main industry being tourism. There is diversity of wildlife, including three species of tree endemic to the area. There are regular field trips in the summer by geology and biology students. Geology. The island is sometimes referred to as "Scotland in miniature", as it is divided into "Highland" and "Lowland" areas by the Highland Boundary Fault which runs northeast to southwest across Scotland.p297/301 The island is a popular destination for geologists, who come to see intrusive igneous landforms such as sills and dykes as well as sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks ranging in age from Precambrian to Mesozoic. Most of the interior of the northern half of the island is taken up by a large granite batholith that was created by substantial volcanic activity around 60 million years ago in the Tertiary period. There is an older outer ring of coarse granites and an inner core of finer grained material. Sedimentary rocks dominate the southern half of the island, especially Old and New Red Sandstone. Sand dunes are preserved in Permian sandstones near Brodick, there are localised outcrops of Triassic rocks,p143/4/9 and even some Cretaceous chalk. Visiting in 1787, the geologist James Hutton found his first example of an unconformity to the north of Newton Point near Lochranza. It showed evidence for his Plutonist theories of uniformitarianism, and about the age of the Earth. This spot is one of the most famous places in the study of geology. The Pleistocene glaciations almost entirely covered Scotland in ice. After the last retreat of the ice at the close of the Pleistocene epoch sea levels were up to lower than at present and it is likely that circa 14,000 years ago the island was connected to mainland Scotland.p68/69 Sea level changes and the isostatic rise of land makes charting coastlines a complex task, but the island is clearly ringed by post glacial raised beaches.p28 What this means is that the huge weight of ice pressed down the Earth's crust here, and so the beaches were much higher up than now. Gradually, long after the ice melted, the island came back up. King's Cave on the south west coast is an example of such a raised beach. This cave, which is over long and up to high, lies well above the present day sea level. There are tall sea cliffs to the north east including large rock slides under the heights of Torr Reamhar and at Scriden ("An Scriodan") at the far north end of the island. The Scriden rocks fell "some two hundred years ago, with a concussion that shook the earth and was heard in Bute and Argyllshire".p19 Kurud Kurud is a town found in the center of the state of Chhattisgarh in India. Germanic paganism Germanic paganism was a religion. It was a form of paganism. It was practiced in Central and Northern Europe before Christianity came there. The best documented form is called Norse mythology today. The religion was polytheistic, there were many gods. The main ones seem to have been Odin and Thor. Beforehand, the most important one may have been Tyr. Modern influence. The Germanic gods have affected elements of every day western life in most countries that speak Germanic languages. An example is some of the names of the days of the week. The days were named after List of Germanic deities. In English and Dutch, Saturn was not replaced. Saturday is named after the Sabbath in German, and is called "washing day" in Scandinavia. Also, many place names such as Woodway House, Wansdyke, Thundersley and Frigedene are named after the old deities of the English people. Miguel Ángel Asturias Miguel Ángel Asturias Rosales (October 19, 1899 - June 9, 1974) was a writer and diplomat from Guatemala. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1967 for his "Banana Trilogy". He also wrote "El Hombre que lo tenía todo todo todo". He was very important for literature in his country. Hindustan The term Hindustan may relate to various aspects of three geographical areas: Hindustan can also refer to the following: Plymouth Colony Plymouth Colony was an English colony in North America. It existed from 1620 to 1691. At its height, Plymouth Colony occupied most of the southeastern part of the modern state of Massachusetts. History. The first settlement of the Plymouth Colony was at New Plymouth. This settlement served as the capital of the colony. It is today the modern town of Plymouth, Massachusetts. Separatists and Anglicans (together, the "Pilgrims") founded the colony. With Jamestown and other settlements in Virginia Colony, it was one of the earliest successful English colonies in North America. It was the first sizable permanent English settlement in the New England region. The colony made a treaty with Chief Massasoit. This helped to make the colony a success. The colonists played a role in King Philip's War. The colony merged with the Massachusetts Bay Colony and other territories in 1691. Together they formed the Province of Massachusetts Bay. Plymouth holds a special role in American history. Many of the Plymouth colonists left England for a place to worship in their own way. The social and legal systems of the colony became tied to their religious beliefs, as well as English custom. Many of the people and events surrounding Plymouth Colony have become part of American folklore. These include Thanksgiving and Plymouth Rock. Open proxy An open proxy is a proxy server which any Internet user can use. Generally, a proxy server allows users within a network group to store and forward Internet services such as DNS or web pages, so that not as much bandwidth is used and it is more controlled. With an "open" proxy, however, any user on the Internet is able to use this forwarding service. By using some open proxies ("anonymous" open proxies), users can hide their true IP address. Anonymous open proxies will also make the user more anonymous and secure when browsing the web or using other internet services: a user's true IP address can be used by a hacker to get information from the user's computer. Sometimes people will abuse open proxies, and so they are often seen as a problem. Using open proxies can be sometimes dangerous as person providing them can be collecting user information. Zombie (computing) A zombie computer (often shortened as zombie) is a computer attached to the Internet that has been compromised by a hacker, a computer virus, or a trojan horse. Generally, a compromised machine is only one of many in a botnet, and the hacker will make the computer do unwanted things from far away. Most owners of zombie computers do not know that their system is being used in this way. Because the owner tends to not know, these computers are compared to zombies. Rapture The Rapture (meaning "to carry to another place") is a future event in Christian theology where Jesus Christ will return to Earth to bring his followers to Heaven. In Christianity it is believed that following this amazing event, the world will go through what is called "the tribulation". Then later following, will come the "millennium" (a thousand years). Tribulation. The "tribulation" (or the "great tribulation") is supposed theory of life after the "rapture". Most Christians agree that the period lasts around seven years. During these years, it is believed that the Antichrist will come to power and control the world. Millennium. The "Millennium" is the period following the "rapture", and the "tribulation", that Christians believe they will live in glory on the Earth. They also believe that Jesus Christ will be in total control over earth for "1,000" years (a millennium). Books and movies. Books. In 1950, the novel "Raptured" by "Ernest Angley" was published, and in 1995, the first of the Left Behind series was published. These and other books have made the story of the "rapture" and the "tribulation" popular. Movies. The "Rapture" story has been retold in many movies. The most well-known production company is Cloud Ten Pictures. Which have created the "Left Behind film series" (Left Behind: The Movie, , and ), as well as several other movies. Some other notable end times movies are A Thief in the Night and The Omega Code. Zeeland Zeeland (also called Zealand) is a province in Netherlands. It is on the south-western part of the country. About 385,000 people are living in Zeeland (2021). Geography. Zeeland is a good example of land partly reclaimed from water or marshes. It is a large river delta at the mouth of several major rivers. Most of the province lies below sea level and was reclaimed from the sea. What was a muddy landscape, flooding at high tide and reappearing at low tide, became a series of small man-made hills that stayed dry. The people of the province connected the hills by making dikes. This made a chain of dry land which grew bigger, and gave the province its present shape. The North Sea flood of 1953 swamped vast amounts of land. Building the protective Delta Works also changed the face of the province. Dams, tunnels and bridges are a vital part of the province's road system. The final touch to this process came in 2003 when the Western Scheldt Tunnel was opened. It was the first solid connection between both banks of the Western Scheldt and ended the era of water separating the islands and peninsulas of Zeeland. Municipalities. Location of the municipalities of Zeeland. Edo period , also called the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 "Tokugawa-jidai"), is the time between 1600 and 1868 in the history of Japan. During this long time Japanese society was ruled by the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional feudal lords. These years come after the Azuchi-Momoyama period and before the Meiji Restoration and the development of modern Japan. The Tokugawa shogunate was established at Edo in 1603 by the shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu. The period was marked by the influence of neo-Confucianism and Shinto. The 15th and last shogun was Tokugawa Yoshinobu. The period ended with the Meiji Restoration, which was the restoration of imperial rule. The Edo period is also known as the beginning of the early modern period of Japan. Timeline. In 1600, the Battle of Sekigahara establishes a context for the next two centuries. Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats a coalition of daimyo and establishes hegemony over most of Japan. In 1868, Tokugawa Yoshinobu resigns, the Tokugawa shogunate ends. This marks the end of the Edo period. Emperor Meiji establishes his Imperial capital in Edo, which is renamed Tokyo ("eastern capital"). Economy Trade Diplomacy. In the Edo period, Japan developed very much economically, and accumulation of the capital became the driving force of the economic development after the Meiji Restoration. Because many daimyos stayed at the inn along the highway by daimyo's alternate-year residence in Tokyo, the circulation of the economy became active. And due to the stable economy, Japanese special culture such as Nou or Kabuki or Ukiyoe had also developed very well. The Shogunate instituted a foreign policy of isolationism. Therefore trade relations carried out by the Shogunate are only in Nagasaki, and the Netherland in Dejima. Graduation (album) Graduation is the third studio album by American hip hop recording artist and producer Kanye West. It was released on September 11, 2007 on Roc-A-Fella Records. It is also West' last album to be influenced by a college theme in both the albums title and artwork. Critical reception. "Graduation" received general acclaim from music critics. Track listing. <br> Personnel. Credits adapted from liner notes. Savior Savior (or Saviour) refers to a someone who has saved another from danger. It can also refer to someone who has helped people achieve Salvation. Many religions have a Savior, though the way they use the idea varies. Christianity's savior is Jesus, the Christ.(Gospel of Matthew 1:21) In Judaism, Jesus is not considered a savior. They believe that the Messiah, their own concept of a savior, has not yet come. In Islam, their savior is Mahdi. In Hinduism, Shiva, Vishnu, and Devi are referred to as saviors. Pebibyte A pebibyte (peta binary byte, abbreviated PiB) is a large unit of measurement of bytes (computer memory). 1 pebibyte = 250 bytes = 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes = 1,024 tebibytes. It is related to the petabyte which is 1015 bytes. 1024 pebibytes make one exbibyte. Exbibyte An exbibyte (EiB) is a large unit of measurement for computers of the future. Exbibytes hold 1024 pebibytes (PiB) or 1,152,921,504,606,846,976 bytes. The exbibyte is closely related to, but not the same as, the exabyte. 1024 exbibytes make 1 zebibyte. Okrouhlička Okrouhlička is a small village in the Havlíčkův Brod District, Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. About 199 people live there. It covers 6,84 km². Okrouhlička was first documented in 1307. Water buffalo Water buffaloes are a kind of bovine. There are Wild Asian Water Buffaloes and domestic buffaloes or domestic Asian water buffalo. They are bred in Asia, South America and in Southern Europe. They were bred from the Wild Asian Water Buffalo, which is now an endangered species. Today, these buffaloes are used for their milk, which has more fat than that of cows. The milk is processed to make Mozzarella, and curd. Feral populations are sometimes used to manage uncontrolled growth of vegetation around wetlands. They will simply graze it off. This keeps such bodies of water usable by birds and other wildlife. Females normally give birth to calves every other year. Young bulls usually stay with herds of mothers, which have about 30 buffalo, for three years after birth. They then go on to form small all-male herds. Water buffalo have been kept by humans for more than 5,000 years. They have helped humans with their meat, horns, hides, milk, butterfat, and power, plowing and transporting people and crops. Wild water buffalo are endangered. They live only in a small number of protected areas in countries like India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Thailand. Lípa (Havlíčkův Brod District) Lípa is a village in the Havlíčkův Brod District, Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. About 1024 people live there. It covers 14,7 km². Lípa was first documented in 1351. Věžnička Věžnička is a village in the Jihlava District, Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. About 116 people live there. It covers 4.51 km². Věžnička was first documented in 1502. Kamenná (Jihlava District) Kamenná is a village in the Jihlava District, Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. About 171 people live there. It covers 6,33 km². Kamenná was first documented in 1308. Větrný Jeníkov Větrný Jeníkov is a village in the Jihlava District, Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. About 582 people live there. It covers 12,22 km². Větrný Jeníkov was first documented in 1226. Florida State University Florida State University is a large school in Tallahassee, in the north part of Florida, U.S.A. It is one of the two most important public universities in Florida, together with the University of Florida. More than 40,000 students go to school there, usually starting after high school (secondary school) at an age of about 18 years. About 9,000 of the students already have a degree (diploma) from college, and are learning even more, to earn an advanced degree. The University is made up of 16 colleges: Arts and Sciences; Business; Communication; Criminology and Criminal Justice; Education; Engineering; Human Sciences; Information; Law; Medicine; Motion Picture, Television and Recording Arts; Music; Nursing; Social Sciences; Social Work; and Visual Arts, Theatre and Dance. Florida State University is more than 150 years old. The fees to attend the school (tuition) in 2006 were $3,175 for people from Florida and $16,306 for people from other places, for each term (about 4 months). Their athletics team, the Seminoles have 17 varsity teams and have claimed 2 national championships (1993, 1999) in football. 1989 Tiananmen Square protests The 1989 Tiananmen Square protests were protests in April and June of that year. China calls this the June Fourth Incident, but to most of the world it is the Tiananmen Square massacre . It was part of the Revolutions Of 1989 during the end of the Cold War . Overview. The Tiananmen Square protests were student-led demonstrations calling for democracy, free speech and a free press in China. There were other protests on Tiananmen square in 1919 and 1976. The protests of 1989 were organised by groups of students, intellectuals and labour activists. There was no common cause or leadership in the protests. However, most protesters did not like the way the Communist party of China ran the economy. Some people also wanted a change towards more democracy. Most people protested on Tiananmen Square in Beijing, but some also did in other cities, like Shanghai. The protests in cities other than Beijing stayed peaceful. On June 4, 1989, the government used force to end the protests. This left many people injured or dead. The exact number is not known today. The Chinese government speaks about 200 - 300 victims, the "New York Times" says there were between 300 and 800, and the Chinese Red Cross talks about 2,000 - 3,000. The official Chinese position on the events was that the protests needed to be dispersed in order not to harm the stability of the country. Many of the scenes were shown around the world over western media (the most famous image is that showing a man standing in front of a file of tanks in the middle of the square). The protests had various causes. The corruption of the Communist Party was a main issue. The control of the economy was working badly. The country was poor, and city dwellers got the worst of it. Ironically, this all happened under the rule of Deng Xiaoping. He was Mao Zedong's successor in 1978 and launched the economic reforms. These reforms helped life for farmers and people who lived in the countryside, but was bad for city dwellers. Intellectuals, students, and industrial workers, feared unemployment rising and social problems. They felt disenfranchised. This means people felt they could do nothing about these problems. When reformer Hu Yaobang suddenly died of a heart attack on (15 April 1989), students reacted strongly. Hu's death provided the reason for students to gather in large numbers. In university campuses, many posters appeared eulogizing Hu, calling for a revival of Hu's legacy. Within days, most posters were writing about broader political issues, such as freedom of the press, democracy, and corruption. It is said this was one of the largest specific-purposed, overcrowded demonstrations there has been in all of modern history. Memorials. After 1989, memorials have traditionally been held every year to honor the June 4, 1989 student-led pro-democracy protests in Tiananmen Square. In 2019, there were months of anti-government protests in Hong Kong, which is a partly independent Chinese territory. The 2019 protests led Beijing to approve a national security law in Hong Kong in 2020. Under the law, anyone believed to be involved in terrorism or the weakening of state power could be tried and face life in prison. In 2020, China banned the annual ceremony for the first time in 30 years. Police said the ban was needed for public health reasons related to COVID-19, but critics say the ban is part of ongoing measures to stop political dissent. More than 12 activists first attended the June 4 ceremony despite the ban and thousands came later. The crowds broke through barriers set up around Victoria Park to light candles and sing songs. Police later arrested over 20 activists, including leaders of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China, the group that organizes the yearly ceremony. Evangelism Evangelism is the Christian practice of preaching about Jesus Christ to both Christians and non-Christians. The purpose of most "evangelism" is to help others receive eternal (forever) salvation to people who have not heard of, or have denied God. "Evangelism" is done in obedience to the Great Commission, a command from Jesus to his disciples to convert others, as recorded in the New Testament. Christians who are superior at "evangelism" are known as evangelists, whether in their areas or to far away places. Some Christian traditions consider "evangelists" to be in a leadership position, and they may be found preaching to large meetings. Notable evangelists. Charles Finney was an evangelist in the 19th century. He was a leader in the Second Great Awakening, a time when many in America came to the Christian faith. Dwight L. Moody preached in the last half of the 19th century and also started a Christian school, the Moody Bible Institute. Aimee Semple McPherson preached in the 1920s and 1930s. In the middle years of the 20th century Festo Kivengere, an Anglican Bishop preached in Africa with great results. A prominent evangelist in the 20th century was Billy Graham. His son Franklin Graham followed him, preaching in the 21st century. Reinhard Bonnke (1940-2019) was an evangelist, largely in Africa. He preached to as many as 100,000 persons at a time. Many missionaries are evangelists, although missionaries also have done other work to promote their faith. Types of Evangelism. Although most Christian denominations perform some sort of evangelism, Evangelical and Pentecostal denominations are very focused on this issue. Southern Baptist Convention The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC)] is a United States-based Christian denomination. While most of the churches that make up the SBC are in the USA, some are outside of the USA. The Convention began in the Southern United States, it is now "in name only" that the denomination is Southern and more members are in that region other regions. The name "Southern Baptist Convention" refers both to the denomination and to its annual meeting of members. They split from the northern Baptists in 1845 over the slavery question. At the time, the SBC was against ending slavery. Since then, the SBC has corrected, apologized, and denounced slavery as evil and sinful. Some Southern Baptists refer to the convention as the Great Commission Baptist Convention, which the denomination also accepts. The Southern Baptist Convention is the largest protestant denomination and has many avenues of ministry, including but not limited to compassion ministries such as Disaster Relief and children's homes, seminaries for training and equipping men and women for ministry and theological/philosophical education, the International Mission Board and North American Mission Board equipping and sending missionaries to spread the Gospel and seek the lost and glorify God. The SBC is different from other denominations as it respects and upholds each individual church's right of autonomy. This means the SBC has no jurisdiction, power, or direct influence on how a state convention, local association, or church operates. In fact, the SBC is the only denomination operating with a bottom-to-top leadership and voting style. Each church sends messengers (voters) to the associational meeting (if applicable), state convention, and the meeting of the SBC. One of the goals of this style of operation is to keep everything clear, above reproach, and (above all) biblical. Times Square Times Square is a section of Manhattan, New York City. It is a major center for tourism, show business and commerce. The square is at the meeting point of Broadway, 7th Avenue and 42nd street. One of the biggest stations in the New York City Subway system is under Times Square. The well-known city street area is probably most famous for its New Year's Eve ball drop that happens every year. It is one of the most famous sights of New York. Early history. When Dutch people first came to Manhattan, there were three small streams. They came together near what is now 10th Avenue and 40th Street. These three streams were part of a big stream called the "Great Kill" (Dutch: "Grote Kill"). From there the Great Kill went through the low-lying Reed Valley, known for fish and other water animals. Its end was a deep bay in the Hudson River at present-day 42nd Street. People lived in a small area named Great Kill, where carriages were made. The higher land to the south and east was called Longacre. When the American Revolution was happening, John Morin Scott owned the land. Scott was in the army, which was led by George Washington. During the early 1800s, John Jacob Astor bought the land, then built houses and hotels for the rich on the land. By 1872, carriages were mainly made in Longacre. The city government named the area Longacre Square after Long Acre, a place in London where carriages were also made. Soon after, Broadway theaters were created around Longacre Square. In 1904, "New York Times" moved to a new building on 42nd Street at Longacre Square. Under there, a New York City Subway station was built. The area has been called "Times Square" since April 8, 1904. The square took its name from the newspaper. In 1913, the "Times" moved again. The old Times Building, One Times Square, is best known for the Times Square Ball drop that happens every December 31. Since 1913, the Lincoln Highway, the first road across the United States, has ended in Times Square. During the early 20th century, theatres, music halls, and very fancy hotels were built here. People called the area "The Tenderloin" because many people wanted to come to Times Square. Still, there were some gangsters in Times Square. By the 1930s, Times Square was becoming a bad place to visit. Later history. By the 1960s, "The New York Times" said that 42nd Street in Times Square was "the 'worst' [block] in town", By 1984, 2,300 crimes happened in Times Square; 460 were very bad crimes like murders. The NYPD did not help to get rid of the crime in Times Square. People moved out of Times Square, and it became empty. In the 1980s through the mid-1990s, Rudolph Giuliani cleaned up the area. People did not want to go to Times Square in the 1970s. Giuliani got rid of prostitutes and drug dealers, and put in Disney stores and other places that tourists wanted to go. There are many big signs on buildings in Times Square. There are as many big signs in Times Square than in Las Vegas. After the September 11, 2001 attacks, more than seven thousand police officers came to Times Square. Before, there were only 3,500 officers. On March 6, 2008, a bomb went off in Times Square. No one was hurt. On May 1, 2010, another bomb was found in Times Square, and everyone was asked to leave. The bomb did not go off. On February 26, 2009, Mayor Michael Bloomberg closed Broadway to cars for a year. On February 11, 2010, Bloomberg said that Broadway in Times Square would be closed to cars forever. Starting in February 2011, New York City stopped people from smoking in Times Square. Number of visitors. Times Square is the most visited place in the world. 360,000 people come here in a day, and 131 million visit Times Square in a year. Even if people who live here are not counted, Times Square is the second most visited place in the world, behind the Las Vegas Strip. Because of the high number of visitors, Times Square gets $1 Dollar per year from stores, hotels, and attractions. FutureSex/LoveSounds FutureSex/LoveSounds is the second solo studio album by American pop singer Justin Timberlake. It was released on September 12, 2006 through Jive Records and Zomba Records. Timberlake started the FutureSex/LoveShow tour in support of the album in January 2007. He worked with several notable producers including: Danja, Rick Rubin, Timbaland and will.i.am. The album originally sold slightly more than his first solo album, "Justified", with worldwide sales in excess of 9 million, 4 million of which have been sold in the United States alone. As of February 2018 the album has sold over 15 million units CSPC. Deluxe Edition. Disc 1 Disc 2<br> DVD<br> Dilemma (song) "Dilemma" is the 2002 hit single by the rapper Nelly. The song featured Kelly Rowland from Destiny's Child. It was released from the 2002 album "Nellyville". "Dilemma" was Kelly Rowland's first international solo song away from Destiny's Child. She had previously appeared on Avant's "Separated", which was released in the United States only. It was also the first single from her debut album "Simply Deep". It is based melodically on and uses lyrical elements of Patti LaBelle's "Love, Need and Want You" from her 1983 album "I'm In Love Again". LaBelle also plays a part in the music video, as Kelly Rowland's mother. Kelly Rowland's part in "Dilemma" was originally offered to Christina Aguilera, but Aguilera declined the offer. Two years later, Nelly approached Aguilera once again for the recording of "Tilt Ya Head Back", a critically-acclaimed but less successful track (in terms of the Billboard Hot 100 chart) on Nelly's later album "Sweat". Formats and tracklistings. "Side A" "Side B" Bring Me to Life "Bring Me to Life" is the first single from Evanescence's multi-platinum first album "Fallen". At the 2004 Grammy Awards the song won the award for Best Hard Rock Performance. Track listing. The single for "Bring Me to Life" was released shortly before Evanescence's debut album "Fallen". These are two of the most widely available versions of the single; other, mainly localized, versions have also been released worldwide. Charybdis Charybdis is a sea monster in Ancient Greek mythology. It was said that she was a daughter of Poseidon and that when she breathed in and out the sea would rise and fall. She was also the sister of Scylla.When angry she would turn into a whirlpool and suck in anything within half a mile Scylla Scylla was a sea monster in Greek mythology. She was said to be the daughter of Poseidon. Scylla was a water dwelling version of the Hydra and the sister of Charybdis. Some myths explain Scylla's beginnings. One of them says she was one of the daughters of Phorcys the Greek God of the Deep. Another says that Scylla was a very pretty fairy who was liked by Poseidon, but the jealous Amphitrite turned her into a monster by poisoning the water of the place where Scylla would swim. One says that a jealous Circe poured a potion into the sea water and then made Scylla transform into a monster with four eyes and six long necks with ugly heads. Her body had 12 tentacle looking legs and a tail. She attacked the ships of nearby people. In another myth, Heracles (also known as Hercules) came across Scylla when traveling and then killed her. The sea-god Phorcys, then restored her to life. Going commando Going commando means wearing no underwear. People have many different reasons for going commando. Some people do it to feel comfortable. Other people do it because their culture (the group they grew up with) does not have underwear. ‘Going commando’ refers to wearing no underwear but still wearing clothes on your bottom half (trousers etc) Smurfette Smurfette is the main protagonist in "The Smurfs" franchise. She is the only female smurf in The Smurf Village. Most of the other smurfs like her because of her beauty. She is not the smartest smurf. Often she gets caught in traps while looking at herself in the mirror. She does not seem to have an attraction for many of the other smurfs. Later other female smurfs appeared, although it is unclear how they came into being. Smurfette usually wears a white dress, white shoes, a Smurf hat and white panties under her dress (her panties are shown in every Smurf movie for a brief amount of time and a few times in the cartoon series), but in the comic book story "You Don't Smurf Progress", Smurfette is shown wearing her pink lingerie, and people speculate that she also owns a few frilly panties (due to her personality), but it is still unknown if she actually does or not. Smuggler's Run Smuggler's Run released in Japan as is an early video game developed by Angel Studios (now Rockstar San Diego) and published by Rockstar Games for the PlayStation 2 console. In the game you drive multiple vehicles including trophy trucks, SUVs, and cars. The game is rated T for teen and you can hit cops and animals but they will not die. One sequel to the game was produced: "Smuggler's Run 2", which was released for the Sony PlayStation 2 on October 30, 2001. The game was later ported to the Nintendo GameCube on August 7, 2002 and renamed "Smuggler's Run: Warzones". The original "Smuggler's Run" is now a part of the Sony Greatest Hits series of games that have reached a particular sales milestone for the Sony PlayStation 2. Plot Summary. In the game you are a drug and weapons smuggler battling against rival factions. You must completed objectives such as drop offs, races, and smash-up derbies. This game is been questioned because it is very repetitive. Critical reception. Although some reviews criticize the game for being repetitive and frustrating, the overall response was positive. It achieved an average score of 79/100 on review aggregator Metacritic. Japanese versions. In Japanese versions, there are no cars, peoples, or animals on the stage. My Gym Partner's A Monkey My Gym Partner's a Monkey is a show on Cartoon Network. It is about a human boy named Adam Lyon who used to go to a normal human school but the principal says he is an animal because he spelled "Lyon" with an "i". He then goes to Charles Darwin Middle School (named after the scientist Charles Darwin) and he makes friends with the animals at the school. Systems science Systems science is the interdisciplinary field of science, that studies the principles of systems in nature, in society and in science itself. Types of systems science are systems theory, cybernetics and chaos theory, and all kinds of similar sciences. The aim of systems science is to develop interdisciplinary foundations for all science. This foundation is used in a variety of areas, such as engineering, biology, medicine and social sciences. Systems theory Systems theory is the study of the nature of systems in nature, society, and science. More specifically, systems theory is a framework to analyze or describe any group of things which work together to produce some result. This can be a single organism, any organization or society, or any electronic, mechanical or informational artifact. Systems theory as a technical and general academic area of study. It was founded by Ludwig von Bertalanffy and others in the 1950s. Emotion (song) "Emotion" was remade by R&B group Destiny's Child in 2001, it was produced and arranged by Mark J. Feist. The song is a remake of Emotions by the Bee Gees and Samantha Sang. McDonaldland McDonaldland is a fictional universe made by McDonald's. The first character Ronald McDonald was made in 1963, and they created McDonaldland as a place for him and his friends to live. Ronald's usual friends are Grimace, The Hamburgler, and Birdie the Early Bird. Other people in McDonaldland include Mayor McCheese, Officer Big Mac, the McNugget Buddies, and the Happy Meal Gang. In the 1970s and 1980s McDonald's had to change Mayor McCheese and Officer Big Mac, because they were too similar to another fictional world called "H.R. Pufnstuf". People thought that McDonaldland got cancelled, but McDonald's was just trying to fix it by bringing in creative people from studios like SEGA and Klasky Csupo. The McDonaldland characters have slowly returned, and were even featured as Funko Pop figures in 2019 and 2021. Atlético Madrid Club Atlético de Madrid is a Spanish football team from Madrid, the capital city of Spain, that play in La Liga. They are managed by Diego Simeone and they play their home games at the Wanda Metropolitano. They have had famous players like Luis Suárez, Antoine Griezmann, Kieran Trippier, Jan Oblak, and Renan Lodi. In the number of titles, Atlético Madrid is the third most successful club in Spanish football, behind Real Madrid and Barcelona. Madrid Derby. Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid are city rivals, because both are from Madrid. They compete each year in what is called the "Madrid Derby". Until recently, Atlético Madrid had struggled in the derby, carrying a 14-year winless streak into the 2012–13 season. This ended on 17 May 2013 after Atlético beat their city rivals Real Madrid 2–1 at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in the final of the 2012-13 Copa del Rey. Buttocks The buttocks are two parts of the body. They are on the back of the pelvic area and give padding when people sit. They can also arouse human sexuality. Buttocks are formed mainly from two large muscles on each side. These are the "gluteus maximus" and the "glutius medius". They go from the hip to the top of the leg, so they are not there just for decoration. The role of the buttocks in sitting and in sexual arousal are secondary functions in our species. In some African populations the buttocks look bigger because of extra fat. This condition is known as steatopygia. It is an inherited condition first noticed in the Khoisan (San people) of southern Africa and the pygmies of central Africa. Now it has been recognised in the people of the Andamanese islands in the Pacific Ocean. Slang words for the buttocks include "booty", "butt", "bum", "hiney", and "ass". Toyota Camry The Toyota Camry (; Japanese: トヨタ・カムリ) is a car made by Toyota since 1980. The name "Camry" comes from the Japanese word "kanmuri" (冠, かんむり), which means "crown". Sales. The Camry is Toyota's best-selling car in the United States. Kush Kush civilization had its center in the region of Nubia. This was in northern Sudan of today. We know about it through the Egyptians who moved south around 2500 BC. When the Middle Kingdom of Egypt ended an independent kingdom of Kush developed. About 1500 BC Egyptians moved southwards again, but this time met organized resistance. Historians are not sure whether this resistance came from many city states or a single unified empire. The Egyptians won, and the region became a colony of Egypt under the control of Thutmose I. The region supplied Egypt with resources. In the eleventh century BC internal disputes in Egypt caused colonial rule to collapse and an independent kingdom arose based at Napata in Nubia. This kingdom was ruled by locals who overthrew the colonial regime. But Kush had many beliefs and gods in common with Egypt. In the Bible. The name given to this civilization comes from the Old Testament where Cush (Hebrew: כוש) was one of the sons of Ham (Son of Noah) who settled in Northeast Africa. The Bible refers to Cush on a number of occasions. Moses wife, Tzipporah, is described as a Kushite in the book of Numbers. Cybernetics Cybernetics is the study of control and communication in the animal and the machine. Norbert Wiener added: "Information is information, not matter or energy".155 Ross Ashby defined it as: "the art of steermanship... co-ordination, regulation and control will be its themes, for these are of the greatest biological and practical interest... it treats, not things but ways of behaving. It does not ask “what is this thing?” but “what does it do?” Ashby continued: Louis Couffignal said cybernetics was "the art of ensuring the efficacy of action". Cybernetics was from the first an inter-disciplinary field of study. It included people from at least a dozen academic disciplines. There were two events which sparked it off after World War II. The first was that scientists from different backgrounds had, during the war, worked together on various military projects. They learned a good deal about how to cooperate with their various partners. The second event was the invention of computers during the war. The countries which started cybernetics were Britain and the United States, but the idea spread quickly to France, Russia and other countries. Another, more famous, example of 'interdisciplinary studies' was molecular and cell biology. The building block. Imagine a simple system such as a central heating system. A goal-directed or control system has these four parts: The device which does this is called a thermostat. Later years. Cybernetics started rapidly, and some of the greatest thinkers of the post-war era were interested in it. When this generation died, and some of the hopes for artificial intelligence and robotics were slow to produce results, cybernetics fell somewhat out of favour. Complexity Complexity is a property of something with many parts and a complicated arrangement. It is also the state of being complex. Its opposite is simplicity. In science, complexity is also the name for systems science. Complex system A complex system is one where smaller elements make complex things happen. These smaller elements can be simple elements or they can be complex systems within themselves. Any such complex elements can be interrelated in simple or complex ways and may be hard to identify as distinct. Abstract. 'Complex systems' is a field which studies the common properties of systems considered complex in nature, society and science. It is also called "complex systems theory", "complexity science", "study of complex systems" and/or "sciences of complexity". Problems. The key problems of such systems are difficulties with their formal modeling and simulation. From such perspective, in different research contexts complex systems are defined on the base of their different attributes. Control theory Control theory is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering and mathematics. It deals with the behavior of systems. The desired output of a system is called the "reference". In that context, a system can be influenced by certain input values. Depending on the input values, the system may change its state or its behavior. Common questions control theory asks: One of the first modern people to talk about control theory was James Clerk Maxwell. In his work On Governors, of 1868, he looked at the dynamic properties of centrifugal governors, as they were used by steam engines. Such governors were already used to regulate the speed of windmills. Mathematical model. A system is a model used to describe the behaviour of something in the real world that takes inputs and produces outputs. For example, a car is a system in that the driver chooses how hard to press on the gas pedal (the input) and the car drives along the road at a certain speed (the output). In the case of a car, the input to the gas pedal does not fully determine the speed of the car. The weight in the car, the incline of the road, the traction of the tires, the current speed of the car, and other factors can all change the output received for a particular input. Control theory attempts to determine what inputs will result in a desired output, or reference. This is accomplished using differential equations, linear algebra, and other branches of math. Control theory relies heavily on computational models and software. Control system. In a control system a controller manipulates the inputs to a system. In the control systems one or more output variables of a system need to follow a certain reference over time. By manipulating the input, the controller wants to obtain the desired effect on the output of the system. If we were to take a system without a controller it would simply have an input and an output. As there is no way to track the output relative to the input then the system is practically useless. If we add a controller, by feeding the output through the controller back to the input the output can be manipulated to meet the desired criteria. For example, if a kettle did not have a controller and it were switched on it would continue to boil the water indefinitely. By adding a controller, the boiling water (reference) is fed back to the input through the controller. The controller then tells the input to turn off the power as the water is already boiling. The system without the controller is called the open-loop system. When you add a controller in a feedback loop you create a closed-loop system. Open-loop systems are rarely ever considered stable as they cannot be controlled based on their output. Closed-loop systems incorporate a controller or series of controllers which, depending on the current output, configure the input such that the output will have the desired response. Acura Acura is the luxury brand of the car company Honda. It has been established in the United States, Canada and Hong Kong since March 1986. The brand has been used to market Honda's luxury cars and high performance models. Before Acura, most Japanese cars were economical in design. Nissan Nissan may refer to: Cabal Online Cabal Online is a free Massive Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG) created by ESTsoft Corporation. Characters. There are eight characters players can choose from in Cabal Online. They are: Warrior, Blader, Magician, Force Archer, Force Blader, Force Shielder, Force Gunner and Gladiator. Blackletter Blackletter or Gothic script is an old way to write. Blackletter in writing or print was used in Western Europe from about 1150 to the 17th century. It was used for printing in Germany until the 20th century. Letter shapes in printing were copied from letter shapes in a style of handwriting. So, the Gothic script of northern Europe and the Latin script used in Italy were both copied into print typography. The name "Gothic" script. Some people call blackletter Old English. This is not right, because Old English is a language, not a script, and many centuries older. Also "Gothic" script has nothing to do with the Goths. They lived in central Europe from the 3rd to 6th century and wrote in runes. Blackletter must not be confused either with the ancient Gothic alphabet or with the sans-serif typefaces that are also sometimes called "Gothic". The term "Gothic" was first used to describe this script in fifteenth century Italy, in the midst of the Renaissance. Scholars thought it was a barbaric script: "Gothic" was a synonym for "barbaric". Not only were blackletter forms called "Gothic script", but any other seemingly barbarian script was also labeled "Gothic". In contrast, the humanists preferred the Carolingian minuscule, a highly legible script. They called it "littera antiqua", "the ancient letter", believing that it was the script used by the Romans. But actually it was invented in the reign of Charlemagne. Origins. Carolingian minuscule was the direct and linear ancestor of blackletter. Blackletter came from Carolingian when Europe in the twelfth century needed new books in many different subjects when more and more people learned to read. New universities were founded, each writing books for business, law, grammar, history, and other topics, not only religious books, where earlier scripts were used. These books needed to be produced quickly to keep up with demand. Carolingian, though legible, was time-consuming and labour-intensive to produce. It was large and wide and took up a lot of space on a manuscript in a time when writing materials were very costly. As early as the eleventh century, different forms of Carolingian were already being used, and by the mid-twelfth century, a clearly distinguishable form, able to be written more quickly to meet the demand for new books, was being used in north-eastern France and the Low Countries. Super Smash Bros. is a crossover fighting game made by HAL Laboratory and Nintendo for the Nintendo 64. It was sold in Japan on January 21, 1999, in North America on April 26, 1999, and in Europe on November 19, 1999. "Super Smash Bros." is the first game in the "Super Smash Bros." series. The second game in the series is "Super Smash Bros. Melee" for Nintendo GameCube and was sold in 2001. "Super Smash Bros. Brawl" is the third game in the series and was made for Wii. "Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U" are be the fourth games to be release for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U. "Super Smash Bros." was in the Wii's Virtual Console in Japan on January 20, 2009, ten years after it was made for Nintendo 64. "Super Smash Bros Ultimate" was released for Nintendo Switch. In the game, the players can control every characters from the video game series, including "Mario", "Pokémon", "The Legend of Zelda" and many others. The games are very different compared to other fighting games. Other characters include Ike, Marth, Zelda/Sheik, Kirby, Ganondorf, Sonic the Hedgehog, Solid Snake, and Jigglypuff among others. Characters. Secret Characters. Super Smash Bros. has 12 characters. 8 starters and 4 unlockables. Pit, King Dedede, Mewtwo, Meowth, Bowser, and Princess Peach were going to be in "Super Smash Bros.", but were removed. They all made it in either "Super Smash Bros. Melee" or "Super Smash Bros. Brawl". Meowth does appear in "Super Smash Bros." and "Super Smash Bros. Brawl" but only as a Pokéball Pokémon. Master Hand is a character that you will always fight last. Gameplay. The point of the game is to beat the character(s) that you are fighting. To beat them you must hit them again until they are very hurt. Once they are very hurt, you have to knock them off of the stage in some way. One player mode. In 1P mode, you have to fight all of the characters in the game (including the one you are using) and Master Hand. You also play some mini-games along the way. In this mode, you can unlock characters and stages by doing certain things. It does not work like that with Master Hand, though. With Master Hand, you have to hit him again and again until he dies. You do not have to knock him off the stage. It's impossible to knock him off the stage. Multiplayer mode. In multiplayer mode, up to 4 people can play against each other non-stop. If there are fighters that have died at the same time, they will fight in a sudden death battle. In that battle, they are badly hurt and they have to fight other fighters who made it into the sudden death battle as well. Mini-games. The two mini-games are "Break The Targets" and "Board The Platforms". In Break The Targets, you have to break 10 targets. It's very hard to get all 10 of the targets. The same goes for Board The Platforms except you have to just simply land on all of the platforms. Board The Platforms is a little bit harder than Break The Targets. Characters can be unlocked in these mini-games. Development. "Super Smash Bros." was made by HAL Laboratory in 1998. It was first called , and it did not have all those characters from different Nintendo games. Later, Sakurai had an idea of having characters from different Nintendo games to make it very fun. Lots of people liked it so he began making the game with some people. At first, it was only sold in Japan. Sakurai saw how many people bought the game and liked it so the game was sold in other countries as well. Reception. "Super Smash Bros." became very popular, and quickly became a Player's Choice game (which means it's very good). In Japan, 1.97 million "Super Smash Bros." CDs were sold, and 2.93 million "Super Smash Bros." CDs have been sold in the United States. Falkland Islands wolf The Falkland Islands wolf ("Dusicyon australis"), also known as the warrah, Falkland Islands dog, Falkland Islands fox, or Antarctic wolf, is a species of wolf that used to live on the Falkland Islands. They were blamed for killing sheep, but it is not known if they did or not. The last fox died in 1876. This species probably fed on penguins, seals and vegetation. It is unclear how they got to the Falkland Islands. The most common theory was that the warrah descended from domestic dogs brought to the Falkland Islands by the Yaghan of Tierra del Fuego. This explained the lack of their fear of humans. However, this theory was seen as implausible because the Falkland Islands are far from mainland South America and the sea between the mainland and the islands is very windy, making it impossible to cross in simple canoes. Now, the accepted theory is that the warrah crossed into the Falkland Islands on a former ice bridge connecting the mainland and the islands. SNoW SNoW (born June 11, 1985 in Tokyo, Japan) is a J-Pop singer. She is now studying at Santa Monica College in California. She was raised in a two language environment. Her favorite artists include Ani DiFranco, Iggy Pop, Talking Heads, and Jack Johnson. Her first single "Yes" was released under an indie record label in November 2004. In 2005, she changed labels to Sony Music Entertainment Japan. With Sony, she released "Hanabi made Ato Sukoshi" (花火まであとすこし - unofficial translation: "A Little Longer Until the Fireworks") in July. Her third single, "Sakasama no Chō" (逆さまの蝶, "The Inverted Butterfly"), was released on January 25, 2006. "Sakasama no Chō" was the opening theme of the 2005/2006 anime "Jigoku Shoujo" (地獄少女). It will also be used in the movie "Humoresque" to be released in February 2006. The opening theme for "Jigoku Shōjo"'s second season, "NightmaRe", was also performed by SNoW. It was released as a single on December 6, 2006. Funnel cloud A funnel cloud is a funnel-shaped cloud of condensed water droplets. They usually appear with a rotating column of air. These extend from the bottom of a cloud that does not touch the ground or a water surface. A funnel cloud can usually be seen as a cone or needle shaped cloud that extends out from the main cloud base. Funnel clouds, very often, develop when supercell thunderstorms happen. If a funnel cloud touches the ground, it becomes a tornado. Most tornadoes begin as funnel clouds. Many funnel clouds that appear do not actually touch the ground, and do not become tornadoes. Tornadoes can only be seen when they pick up stuff off the ground (debris), but one can see them from a distance of many miles. A funnel cloud that makes contact with water is called a waterspout. A funnel cloud that touches the ground in front of a snow squall is called a winter waterspout. Cold-air funnel clouds. Cold-air (or cold-core) funnel clouds are usually short-lived and are usually much weaker in strength than the tornadoes produced by supercells. Cold-air funnel clouds usually do not touch the ground, but here have been reports that it can happen. Then, they become weak tornadoes or waterspouts. They are a common sight along the Pacific Coast and USA, usually seen in the spring or autumn. Waterspout A waterspout is a funnel cloud over water. It is a nonsupercell tornado over water. Waterspouts do "not" suck up water; the water seen in the main funnel cloud is actually water droplets formed by condensation. It is weaker than most of its land counterparts. Types. Non-tornadic. Waterspouts that are not associated with a rotating updraft of a supercell thunderstorm, are known as "nontornadic" or "fair-weather waterspouts", and are by far the most common type. Fair-weather waterspouts occur in coastal waters and are associated with dark, flat-bottomed, developing convective cumulus towers. Snowspout. A winter waterspout, also known as a snow devil, an icespout, an ice devil, a snonado, or a snowspout, is a very rare meteorological phenomenon in which a vortex from snow develops that looks like a waterspout. One does not know much about this rare happening and there are only six known pictures of this event so far. There are three main things that produce a winter waterspout: Bob Jones University Bob Jones University (BJU) is a private Protestant Christian university in Greenville, South Carolina. The university was founded in 1927 by Bob Jones, Sr. (1883-1968), an evangelist. The school has around 3,000 students attending it, and there are 2,755 undergraduate students attending. Until the 1970s, BJU only allowed white students to attend. Afterwards, it banned interracial dating. Mordecai Ham Mordecai Fowler Ham, Jr. (April 2, 1877 – November 1, 1961) was an American evangelist. He entered his ministry in 1901. In 1936, he started his Christian radio evangelism career. He continued working as an evangelist until shortly before his death in 1961. Charles Templeton Charles Bradley Templeton (October 7 1915 - June 7 2001) was a Canadian cartoonist, evangelist, agnostic, politician, newspaper editor, inventor, broadcaster and author. At the age of 17 during the Great Depression, "Chuck Templeton" (as he was then known) got his first job as a sports cartoonist for "The Globe and Mail". This would be the first of many of his careers. In the late 1990s, he was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. He died from problems with the disease in 2001. Billy Graham Evangelistic Association The Billy Graham Evangelistic Association (BGEA) is an organization founded by Rev. Billy Graham in 1950. The purpose of the "BGEA" is to tell the gospel of Jesus Christ to as many people as they can. They have done this through crusades, evangelism training, youth outreach, television broadcasts, and radio programs, just to name a few. The current President of BGEA is Graham's son Franklin. Washington National Cathedral The Washington National Cathedral is a cathedral of the Episcopal Church in the United States. Located in Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, it is the sixth largest cathedral in the world and second largest in the United States. It was built between 1907 and 1990. On Tuesday, August 23, 2011, the central tower on the Cathedral was damaged by an earthquake. A 5.8-magnitude earthquake struck northern Virginia, about from Washington D.C. The earthquake knocked off some of the cross-shaped finial stones. Finials are the decorative top of the pinnacles or towers. One pinnacle is leaning to the side. The inside of the cathedral did not receive any serious damage from the earthquake. Officials have stated that it will cost millions of dollars to repair the damage. The cost of repairs will not be covered by insurance. There are many cracks in the limestone exterior. There was concern that the landfall of hurricane Irene would cause more damage. The hurricane did not cause any additional damage to the cathedral. State funerals for four American Presidents have been held at the cathedral: Memorial services were also held for presidents Warren G. Harding, William Taft, Calvin Coolidge, Harry S Truman, and Richard M. Nixon. United States Postal Service The United States Postal Service (USPS) was founded in 1971, replacing the United States Post Office Department. Its headquarters is in Washington D.C. In the United States, it is referred to as "the post office", "the postal service", or just "the mail". Its job is to deliver letters, packages, and other items to people. History. The Postal Service was originally the Post Office Department, which began in 1775. In 1971, the Postal Reorganization Act went into effect, creating the United States Postal Service. Since then, the Postal Service has had 14 Postmaster Generals, the current one being Louis Dejoy. Mission. The purpose of the Postal Service is to deliver equal service to all citizens of the United States. The Postal Service has almost 500,000 employees to deliver and sort mail, as well as run management and clerk positions. The Postal Service is for the service of Americans, so it is generally left out of politics between political parties. Laws Affecting The Postal Service. U.S. Constitution. The Constitution gives Congress the ability to "establish post offices and post roads." Congress used this power to originally create the Post Office as well as give it power. U.S. Code Title 39. This code outlines the duties and powers of the Postal Service, making its mission of service clear. Postal Reorganization Act. This law, signed in 1970 by President Richard Nixon, separated the Postal Service from the rest of the Executive Branch, allowing them to act independently without approval from Congress. Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act. This law, signed in 2006, requires the Postal Service to put money into their Retiree Health Benefit Program ahead of time. This would allow them to save money for the future. Since this law, however, the Postal Service has often been losing money due to high operating costs. Parkinson's disease Parkinson's disease (or PD, sometimes simply "Parkinson's") is a disease that slowly damages the central nervous system. The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spine. When a person gets Parkinson's disease, the cells that make dopamine in a part of the brain die. Dopamine cells send information to other cells which makes us do the actions we do. Because of this, Parkinson's disease mainly affects the body's motor system. Parkinson's disease is a disease that gets worse over time. People normally get Parkinson's disease when they are over 50 years old. It is sometimes very hard for doctors to detect. Causes. Doctors are studying the exact causes of Parkinson's. It is said that Parkinson's develops through a combination of genetic errors and several possible influences, but not much is known. Doctors have discovered some clues about the cause(s). It is caused by the destruction of specialised ganglions in the brain. The production of dopamine, a neurotransmitter, reduces. Parkinson's can also be genetic. But research shows that genetic Parkinson's is not normal, and is uncommon. Parkinson's disease is more frequent among those who work with pesticides or have had a history of head injuries. Research suggests that people are slightly less likely to get Parkinson's disease if they smoke cigarettes. Symptoms. Parkinson's disease can cause the brain to not respond. The patient may become paralyzed. The disease can give the patient slow reaction time and poor coordination between the hand and the brain. It hurts the patient's movement skills and their speech. It can also affect mood, behavior and thinking. A common symptom of Parkinson’s disease is tremors. Tremors cause people's hands, legs, and arms to shake. Some symptoms include skin problems, depression, and difficulty swallowing. The symptoms of Parkinson's disease include stiff muscles and trouble with movement. This disease gives patients slow reaction time. It makes it hard for them to do simple things like walking and talking. It also causes depression and other emotional changes. Treatments. Parkinson's disease cannot be completely cured yet. Still, people have tried to cure it with drugs. One treatment is to put back the lost dopamine. A group of drugs called dopamine receptor agonists acts similarly to dopamine when put in the brain. There are four different drugs included in that group. Many patients take one of those with another drug. That other drug is called L-dopa. Unlike the dopamine, the L-dopa can enter the brain. The dopamine cannot enter the brain. This is why many patients take L-dopa and dopamine together. In the beginning, L-dopa helps a lot. But as the disease develops, the L-dopa doesn't work as well. Two other drugs used are anticholinergics and selegiline. They both help lessen symptoms. Anticholinergics help the patient stop shaking. Selegiline is meant to protect the nerves in the central nervous system. Selegiline is not often used. This is because there is no real proof that it helps. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a surgery that is used some people who suffer from Parkinson's disease. Samford University Samford University is a private, Southern Baptist-related university in Homewood, Alabama, a suburb of Birmingham, Alabama. Samford ranked 118 out of 262 institutions in "U.S. News and World Reports' " college rankings. History. "Samford University" was founded as "Howard College" in 1841 and opened its doors to students on January 3, 1842, in Marion, Alabama. In 1887 the school moved to Birmingham. Women were first admitted to "Howard College" in 1895. In 1920 the school joined the "Southern Association of Colleges" and in 1927 it added its pharmacy school. In 1965, "Howard" got back its master's degree program. This led to the college's becoming a well-known college by November 9, 1965. The school was renamed in honor of "Frank Park Samford", chairman of the Board of Trustees and most generous personal supporter, because there was already a "Howard University" in Washington, D.C.. Hainanese chicken rice Hainanese chicken rice is a dish created by the people of Hainan. Hainan is an island that is to the south of China. It is a plate of chicken served with rice cooked in chicken oil. Vortex (disambiguation) A vortex is a dynamic phenomenon of fluids. Vortex could also mean: In amusement: In fiction: In gaming: In music: In science and technology: In television: In other fields: Vortex A vortex (pl. "vortices") is a spinning, often turbulent, flow of fluid. The motion of the fluid swirling rapidly around a center is called a vortex. The speed and rate of rotation of the fluid are greatest at the center and become smaller with distance from the center. Libertia Libertia is a genus of monocotyledenous plants in the family "Iridaceae". There are 15 species in the genus. The plants can be found growing in the southern hemisphere. Alan Dawazhouma Alan Dawazhouma (known as alan) or 阿兰 is a Tibetan-Chinese singer and erhu player from Sichuan province who debuted in 2005 with 声声醉如兰. As well as Tibetan and Mandarin, she speaks some English and Japanese. Her first release in Japanese was the single, 明日への讃歌. Biography. alan was born on 25 July 1987. Her stage name "alan" is pinyin for 阿兰, which is her surname. In Japan, she is also known as あらん. Her real name is Alan Dawa Dolma (阿兰达瓦卓玛 in Chinese, which is pronounced in pinyin as Alan Dawazhuoma). alan grew up in the Meiren valley in the Danba County of Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in China. Her father is a civil servant, while her mother was a former singer. She learned singing from a young age and started to learn how to play the erhu at the age of eight. At nine years old, alan was selected for the leading role in the TV drama Tai Yang Nu Shen and first pursued a career as an actress. After graduating from her musically oriented high school, she enrolled in a relatively well known music school in China, the China National Chinese Opera and Dance Drama Company (解放軍芸術学院), where two members of 12 Girls Band were also being taught. Later in 2005, alan debuted with a cover album titled Sheng Sheng Zui Ru Lan under a Chinese independent label. Currently, the album has sold over 50,000 copies. In October 2006 at the Shanghai International Art Festival, alan won second place (tied with Filipino singer Jimmy Layo Marquez) at the 9th Asia New Singer Competition. In July 2007 she graduated the China National Chinese Opera and Dance Drama Company with excellent grades. alan was discovered when the Japan-based record label Avex Inc. held auditions in Beijing. Her first single was in November the same year. It was called "Ashita e no Sanka", which can be translated as "a song for tomorrow." She is currently still studying Japanese and only has a basic grasp of the language. Tibetan Tibetan can refer to: V/Line V/Line is a regional train operator in Victoria, Australia. They operate all regional trains outside the Connex network, as well as some bus services that take people a long way. Carpool Carpooling is sharing a car with other passengers to help share the cost of operating the car. Besides being cheaper than driving many cars at the same time, it also reduces traffic congestion. There are many companies that provide carpooling services such as Ola, MyCotra, Quickride, and Uber. Middleweight In boxing, the term Middleweight is used for a specific group of people based on weight. A middleweight is a boxer weight does not exceed 160 pounds (73 kg). Boxing organizations created many divisions so that fighters could fight people of the same size. The first heavyweight champion under modern rules was Irish boxer Jack (Nonpareil) Dempsey. Famous heavyweight champions have include Bob Fitzsimmons, Nino Benvenuti, Rocky Graziano, Marvin Hagler, Bernard Hopkins, Roy Jones Jr., Jake LaMotta, Carlos Monzon, Sugar Ray Robinson, Tony Zale and Sugar Ray Leonard. Moneymore Moneymore is a village in Northern Ireland, in the United Kingdom. It is from Cookstown and from Magherafelt. Population facts. On 29 April 2001 the United Kingdom government had a census and saw that there were 1,369 people living in Moneymore. They also saw that: Denpasar Denpasar () is the capital city of the province of Bali, Indonesia. It is also the site of Ngurah Rai Airport, the main gateway to Bali. It has a population of 897,300 (2017). Toome Toome (or Toomebridge) is a village in Northern Ireland, in the United Kingdom. It is from Magherafelt and from Antrim. It is close to the River Bann. Population facts. On 29 April 2001 the United Kingdom government had a census and saw that there were 722 people living in Toome. They also saw that: Kuta Kuta is a town in southern Bali, Indonesia. Once it was a fishing village. It was one of the first towns on Bali to become popular with tourists. It is one of Indonesia's major tourist destinations. It has a long sandy beach, and many restaurants and bars. It is near Bali's Ngurah Rai Airport. On October 12, 2002, a series of bombings killed more than 200 people in Kuta. The bombings happened outside two nightclubs. An Inconvenient Truth An Inconvenient Truth is a 2006 documentary movie about global warming directed by Davis Guggenheim, presented by former United States Vice President Al Gore. The movie was first shown at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival. It opened in New York and Los Angeles on May 24, 2006. The movie was released on DVD on November 21, 2006. A companion book by Gore reached Number 1 on the paperback nonfiction New York Times bestseller list on July 2, 2006. The movie won Academy Awards for Best Documentary Feature and for Best Original Song. "An Inconvenient Truth" is the story of Al Gore and his efforts to tell people about the climate change concerns. Gore says, "I've been trying to tell this story for a long time and I feel as if I've failed to get the message across." The movie closely follows a "slide show" presentation that Gore has shown throughout the world. It shows Gore's exploration of the global warming data, and predictions regarding climate change and its potential for disaster. Gary Megson Gary Megson (born: 20 June 1960) is an English former football player and manager. He is best known for being the manager of the West Brom team which gained promotion to the Premier League. Matt Hardy Matthew "Matt" Moore Hardy (born September 23, 1974) is an American professional wrestler. He works for OMEGA Championship Wrestling and Ring of Honor (ROH). He has workied for World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. He teams with his younger brother Jeff Hardy. Kerobokan Prison Kerobokan Prison is a prison in the town of Kerobokan, Bali. In addition to local criminals, a number of foreigners are held there, notably Schapelle Corby and the Bali Nine — all convicted of drug smuggling. Edmund Spenser Edmund Spenser (; c. 1552 – 13 January 1599) was an poet from England. He was most known for his poem "The Faerie Queene", which talks about different knights who fight against evil. The poem also praises Queen Elizabeth I of England. He wrote also many sonnets and poems. The sonnets were collected under the name of Amoretti. Edmund Spenser made a new rhyme-scheme for sonnet (abab bcbc cdcd ee) and a nine-line stanza (ababbcbcc). These forms are now called Spenserian sonnet and Spenserian stanza. Spenserian stanza was later used by many poets, among others by George Gordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats and Alfred Tennyson. Papua Papua may refer to: Papuan languages The term Papuan languages means languages of the western Pacific which are neither Austronesian nor Australian. That is, the term is defined negatively and does not mean a linguistic relationship. The languages. The majority of the Papuan languages are spoken on the island of New Guinea (which is divided between the country of Papua New Guinea and Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Irian Jaya), with a number spoken in the Bismarck Archipelago, Bougainville Island, and the Solomon Islands to the east, and in Halmahera, Timor, and the Alor archipelago to the west. One Papuan language, Meriam Mir, is spoken within the national borders of Australia, in the eastern Torres Strait. The only Papuan languages with official recognition are those of East Timor. New Guinea is perhaps the most linguistically diverse region in the world. Besides the Austronesian languages, there are some 800 languages divided into perhaps sixty small language families, with unclear relationships to each other or to anything else, plus a large number of language isolates. Lombok Lombok (population 2,950,105 in 2005) is an island in West Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. It is to the east of Bali on the other side of the Lombok Strait. The capital and largest city on the island is Mataram. The Gili Islands are very popular with tourists. There are many places to dive and the beaches are lovely. Mount Rinjani, 3,726 m (12,224 ft), is the third-highest volcano in Indonesia. In the summer of 2018, two major earthquakes, in July (6.4 magnitude) and in August (6.9 magnitude) hit the city killing nearly 270 people all together. The Faerie Queene The Faerie Queene is an English epic poem by Edmund Spenser. The poem was first published in 1590. A longer version of the poem was published in 1596. This version of the poem is in six parts or books. "The Fairie Queene" is about different knights who fight against evil. It is an allegorical work, and each book of the poem is about a different virtue. The poem also praises Queen Elizabeth I of England and her family, the Tudors. Queen Elizabeth liked the poem so much that she gave Spenser a pension as a reward. Torres Strait Islanders Torres Strait Islanders are the indigenous people of the Torres Strait Islands, part of Queensland, Australia. They are culturally related to the coastal peoples of Papua New Guinea. They are regarded as being distinct from other Aboriginal peoples of the rest of Australia. There are also two Torres Strait Islander communities on the nearby coast of the mainland. Population. There are 6,000 Torres Strait Islanders who live in the area of the Torres Strait, and 42,000 others who live outside of this area, mostly in the north of Queensland, particularly in Townsville and Cairns. Culture. The indigenous people of the Torres Strait have a distinct culture which has slight variants on the different islands where they live. They are a sea-faring people, and engaged in trade with peoples of Papua New Guinea. The culture is complex, with some Australian elements, some Papuan elements, and some Austronesian elements, just like the languages. The Islanders seem to have been the dominant culture for many centuries, and neighbouring Aboriginal and Papuan cultures show some Island influence in religious ceremonies and the like. Archaeological, linguistic and folk history evidence suggests that the core of Island culture is Austronesian. Unlike the indigenous peoples of mainland Australia, the islanders were traditionally agriculturalists although they supplemented their food supplies through hunting and gathering. Australian megafauna Australian megafauna is a word used to describe a number of animal species in Australia that are quite a bit bigger than their closest living relatives. These species became extinct during the Pleistocene (16,100±100 - 50,000 years before present), but exact dates for their extinction have only been discovered recently. Some mythological creatures from the Aboriginal dreamtime look a bit like animals from the prehistoric Australian megafauna. Extinction. Scientists have been unable to agree on the reasons the megafauna became extinct. It is possible when humans came to Australia (around 48,000-60,000 years ago), and began hunting and using fire, they may have caused the extinction of the megafauna. Climate change, which made the country much drier during an Ice Age about 18,000 years ago, may have also have led to the extinction of the megafauna. Some scientists say that climate change alone caused the extinction of the megafauna. This argument does not allow for the fact that the megafaunal species had lived through two million years of climate changes. They had lived through a number of dry times before their sudden extinction. New evidence. Scientists have got new evidence, based on new and better ways of finding dates, using optically stimulated luminescence and Uranium-thorium dating of megafaunal bones. This suggests that humans were the main cause of the extinction of megafauna in Australia. The dates show that the last of the megafauna became extinct around the same time, about 47,000 years ago. This was the time in which humans first arrived in Australia. The dates suggest the main reason for extinction was human burning of the land. Many plants were not able to survive regular fires, and so the types of plants changed. Scientists have studied oxygen and carbon isotopes from teeth of megafauna. These show sudden, dramatic, non-climate-related changes in plants, and in the diet of surviving marsupial animals, as well as the loss of megafaunal species. Further study of the teeth of megafauna shows the climate was dry at the time of extinction, similar to the dry climate of today, and that the megafauna were able to live in dry climates. Extinct Australian megafauna: pre-1788. The following is a list of some of the Australian megafauna. It shows: Mammals. Mammals are set out by size with largest at the top. Omagh bombing The Omagh bombing was a car bomb attack by the Real Irish Republican Army in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, on 15 August 1998. It killed 29 people and injured 300 others. Themis (hypothetical moon) On April 28, 1905, the American astronomer William H. Pickering said that he had found a tenth moon of the planet Saturn. Pickering named the moon Themis. No other astronomer has ever seen the moon that Pickering said he saw. Because of this, astronomers do not count Themis as an official moon of Saturn. Pickering tried to figure out an orbit for Themis. He thought that Themis had an inclination of 39.1° to the ecliptic, with 0.23 eccentricity (0.23) and a semi-major axis distance of 1,457,000 km. This meant that Themis had an orbit like the moons Titan and Hyperion. Pickering believed that it took Themis 20.85 days to orbit Saturn, in a prograde motion. Pickering thought that the diameter of Themis was about 38 miles (61 km). Pickering had also discovered the moon Phoebe, but modern astronomers know that Pickering made a mistake when he gave 42 miles (68 km) as the diameter of Phoebe. Because astronomers know how Pickering made his mistake, they can say that if Themis existed, it would have a diameter of 200 km. In April 1861, Hermann Goldschmidt also thought he discovered a new satellite of Saturn between Titan and Hyperion. Goldschmidt called this moon Chiron. The moon Chiron also does not exist, but the name was used much later for the comet/asteroid 2060 Chiron. In 1906, the French Academy of Sciences gave Pickering the Lalande Prize of the French Academy of Sciences for his "discovery of the ninth and tenth satellites of Saturn". The actual tenth satellite of Saturn (in order of discovery) was Janus, which was discovered in 1966 and confirmed in 1980. Its orbit is far from the supposed orbit of Themis. There is also an asteroid named 24 Themis. Real Irish Republican Army The Real Irish Republican Army (or Real IRA) is a group from Ireland who want Northern Ireland to become part of the Republic of Ireland, and want it to leave the United Kingdom. The group started after they left the Provisional Irish Republican Army, after an argument. On 15 August 1998 they did the Omagh bombing, which killed 29 people and hurt over 300 people. They have shot police officers and have also bombed places in England, such as London and Birmingham. It is against the law to be a member of the Real IRA. The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck is a comic book painted and written by Don Rosa. To make it, Rosa needed to see Carl Barks's stories and the more important facts of Scrooge's fictional life. Chapters. The story has 12 original parts, with more added later, that tell Scrooge's life: General Certificate of Secondary Education The General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is a set of exams taken in England, Wales, Northern Ireland and other British territories. They are usually taken by students aged 15–16, after two years of study. Some students can take their exams early if their teachers think the students are capable. Most students taking their GCSEs study between 5 and 25 subjects. All pupils have to study English, mathematics and science until they are 15-16. They do not have to take the GCSE exams, but the large majority do so. In Wales, students must also study Welsh until they are 14. Most schools require that a pupil passes 5 or more GCSE exams at grades 4 or 5 or above before they can move on to study A-levels. In 2020, the exams were cancelled for the first time due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Subjects. Many of the subjects in this list are not offered by every school. Required. In all schools students have to study Mathematics, Science, and English linguistics and literature. Edo is the former name of the Japanese capital Tokyo, and was the seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868. During this period it grew to become one of the largest cities in the world. History. The site of the city, on what is now known as Tokyo Bay, had been settled for several centuries, but first became historically significant with the building of Edo Castle in 1457 by order of Ōta Dōkan. Kyoto was the site of the Japanese emperor's residence and the capital of Japan for many centuries, until the Tokugawa shogunate was established in 1603 and Edo became its seat of government. From that point Kyoto remained merely the formal capital of the country, while the "de facto" capital was now Edo, the center of real political power. Edo consequently rapidly grew from what had been a small, virtually unknown fishing village in 1457 to a big city of 1,000,000 residents by 1721, the largest city in the world at the time. In 1868, when the shogunate came to an end, the city was renamed "Tokyo", meaning "eastern capital", and the emperor moved his residence to Tokyo, making the city the formal capital of Japan. Renault Vel Satis The Renault Vel Satis was a large automobile created by the French car manufacturer Renault. It has five seats and four doors. It was produced from 2001 to 2009· It was known for its daring styling and was sold in the UK from 2002 to 2005 but was dropped there due to poor sales. Renault also produced another big car with bold styling called the Avantime which was a coupe/grand tourer but it was a poor seller with only 8,557 made between 2001 and 2003. Korean food Korean food came from very old traditions in Korea. It has developed through many environmental, political, and cultural changes. There are special rules for eating meals in Korea. Korean food is mostly made up of rice, noodles, vegetables, and meats. Most Korean meals have many side dishes (called "banchan") along with their steam-cooked rice. Kimchi is usually eaten at every meal. Sesame oil, "doenjang", soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, pepper and "gochujang" are ingredients that are often used in the food. In different provinces of Korea, its ingredients and dishes are different, too. The Korean royal court cuisine used to serve all the best dishes from each province for the royal family. People follow special rules when they eat meals in Korea. Sweets. Traditional rice cakes like "tteok" are eaten as treats during holidays and festivals. "Tteok" means all rice cakes made from pounded rice (메떡, "metteok"), pounded glutinous rice (찰떡, "chaltteok"), or glutinous rice that has not been pounded. It is usually filled or covered with sweet mung bean paste, red bean paste, raisins, or a sweet, creamy filling made with sesame seeds, pumpkin, beans, pine nuts, and honey. "Tteok" is usually eaten for dessert or as a snack. Dining manners. The oldest people are usually served first, and it is thought rude to pick up chopsticks or eat before the oldest people do so. In Korea, unlike in China and Japan, the rice bowl is not lifted up from the table. Spoons should not hit bowls while eating. You must not talk about dirty things. Some rules are now not important. For instance, talking used to be discouraged, but today people usually talk together at meals. Also, men usually ate at a different table than women, but now they eat all together. In Korea, they have both spoons and chopsticks, and together they are called "sujeou" (pronounced soo-juh - 수저). Usually, before they eat, people say, "Jalmukgessemnidah (잘 먹겠습니다)", and after they are finished, they say, "Jalmuggussemnidah (잘 먹었습니다)." Soups and stews must be set on the right side of the person who is eating. List of Korean dishes. Grain dishes. These dishes are usually made with rice. Snacks or simple foods. These simple foods can be bought at shops on the street and are usually thought of as snacks rather than meals. Cryptanalysis Cryptanalysis (from the Greek "kryptós", "hidden", and "analýein", "to loosen" or "to untie") is the study of methods for obtaining the meaning of encrypted information, without access to the secret information which is normally required to do so. Typically, this involves finding a secret key. In non-technical language, this is the practice of codebreaking or cracking the code, although "break" can also mean just a part of a complete solution. People have been making and breaking codes for many centuries. In the 1930s specialized machines were invented to do the calculations. Code-breaking machines such as the Colossus computer were important during World War II. Computers were the main tool of cryptanalysis in the Cold War and later. International General Certificate of Secondary Education The International General Certificate of Secondary Education, or IGCSE, is an international exam for school students. It is typically taken by 14 to 16-year–olds, and it makes students ready for more academic work, including moving to A-Level and AS-Level study. The IGCSE is recognised as the same quality as the United Kingdom GCSE. IGCSE courses cover subjects from a variety of areas: Languages, Humanities, Social Sciences, Mathematics, Creative, Technical and Vocational. Most subjects can be studied at two levels of ability, either an easier level or a harder level. This is so that the IGCSE is appropriate for students with different levels of ability. It is planned to be appropriate for students whose first language may not be English and this is seen in all the tests for the IGCSE. Subjects available. The following is a list of subjects for which IGCSEs are available: Sánchez Ramírez Province Sánchez Ramírez is a province of the Dominican Republic. It is in the central part of the country. Its capital city is Cotuí. It was created in 1952. It was a municipality of the Duarte province before being elevated to the category of province. Name. The province was named after Juan Sánchez Ramírez, who was born in Cotuí and who fought against the French army when the country was a colony of France. When the country was again a Spanish colony, Sánchez Ramírez was made the governor of the colony. History. The territory of the province was part of the La Vega Province from the Dominican independence (in 1844) until 1945 when most of the territory was made part of the Duarte Province. On 3 March 1952, the province was created with the territory of Cotuí, part at that moment of the Duarte Province, and the southeastern part of La Vega province. When it was created, it had only two municipalities: Cotuí, the provincial capital, and Cevicos. In 1961, Fantino became the third municipality of the province; in 2002, Villa La Mata became the fourth municipality. In 1979, La Cueva became a municipal district; La Bija and Angelina in 2001; Quita Sueño and Platanal in 2005; Hernando Alonzo, Caballero and Comedero Arriba in 2006; and Zambrana Abajo in 2010. Location. The Sánchez Ramírez province is in the centre of the country, in the southeast limit of the Cibao Valley (part of the region called "Eastern Cibao"). It is bordered to the north by the Duarte province, to the east and south by the Monte Plata province, to the southwest and west by the Monseñor Nouel province and to the northwest by the La Vega province. Population. In (last national census), there were people living in the Sánchez Ramírez province, and 85,207 () living in towns and cities. The population density was persons/km². Its population represents of the total population of the country and the province is ranked as the 19th (out of 31 plus the National District) more populated province. , the total estimated propulation of the province is 152,036 inhabitants. The largest city of the province is Cotuí, its head municipality or capital, with an urban population (in ) of 45,135 inhabitants. Geography. The Sánchez Ramírez province has a total area of . It has of the area of the Dominican Republic and it is ranked as the 21st (out of 31 plus the National District) largest province. There are two regions in the province: The altitude of Cotuí, provincial capital, is above sea level. The most important river is the Yuna river, that flows from west to east; the other rivers are all tributaries of this river. Other rivers are Cevicos, Chacuey and Maguaca; they flow from the Sierra de Yamasá into the River Yuna. Municipalities. There are 4 municipalities and 8 municipal districts (M.D.) in the province. Economy. The main economic activities in the province are farming and mining. Close to the town of Las Lagunas, in the Sierra de Yamasá, are the gold mines. The main products of farming in the Sierra de Yamasá are cacao, oranges and tobacco. In the Yuna valley, rice is the most important product but pineapple and orange are also produced. Cattle are also important in the province, mainly in the northwestern part of it. Diane Abbott Diane Julie Abbott (born 27 September 1953) is a British politician. Julie was born and raised in London. Her parents were Jamaican immigrants. She is now the Member of Parliament for the Hackney North and Stoke Newington constituency in London, UK. She was oppurtune to be the first black woman to be elected to the House of Common when she was elected in the 1987 General Election. In 2010, Abbott became Shadow Public Health Minister after unsuccessfully standing for election as leader of the Labour Party. Abbott was made Shadow Home Secretary by Jeremy Corbyn in October 2016. She attended Newnham College, Cambridge. Abbott is a frequent public speaker, newspaper contributor and TV performer. She has been on many programmes such as "Have I Got News For You", "Celebrity Come Dine with Me", "Cash in the Celebrity Attic". Hywel Francis David Hywel Francis (6 June 1946 – 14 February 2021) was a Welsh politician and the Member of Parliament for the Aberavon constituency in the United Kingdom. He was elected in the 2001 General Election. He was a member of the Labour Party. Frank Doran Frank Doran (born April 13, 1949 in Edinburgh, Scotland–died October 30, 2017) was a Scottish politician and the Member of Parliament for the Aberdeen North constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected to the House of Commons in the 1987 general election for Aberdeen South but was defeated in 1992. He is a member of the Labour Party. Career. He was re-elected at the 1997 general election for the new constituency of Aberdeen Central. The boundary of the constituency was changed, and in 2005 he was elected for the Aberdeen North constituency. Personal life. He is the partner of fellow Labour MP Joan Ruddock. Anne Begg Dame Anne Begg, DBE (born December 6, 1955) is a Scottish politician and the Member of Parliament for the Aberdeen South constituency in the United Kingdom. She was elected in the 1997 general election. Begg is the first permanent wheelchair user in the House of Commons. She is a member of the Labour Party. John Reid, Baron Reid of Cardowan John Reid, Baron Reid of Cardowan (born 8 May 1947) is a Scottish football club chairman and a Labour Party politician. He was the Member of Parliament for the Scottish constituency of Airdrie and Shotts in the United Kingdom. He was first elected to the House of Commons in the 1987 general election for the Motherwell North constituency. The boundary of the constituency was changed, and in the 1997 election he was elected to the new constituency of Hamilton North and Bellshill. After more boundary changes in 2005 he was elected to the new constituency of Airdrie and Shotts. He is the former Home Secretary. Reid did not stand in the 2010 election, and was made a life peer instead. He is Chairman of Celtic Football Club in Glasgow. He is a member of the Labour Party. Gerald Howarth James Gerald Douglas Howarth, known as Gerald Howarth (born September 12, 1947) is a British politician and the Member of Parliament for the English constituency of Aldershot in the United Kingdom. He was first elected to the House of Commons in the 1983 general election for the Cannock and Burntwood constituency but lost in the 1992 general election. He was re-elected at the 1997 General Election as MP for Aldershot. He is currently Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Ministry of Defence as Minister for International Security Strategy. He is a member of the Conservative Party. Mount Agung Mount Agung () is a volcano on Bali. Mount Agung last erupted in 1963-1964. The lava just missed the Mother Temple of Besakih, which is located on high on the slopes of this sacred mountain. Over 1,000 people were killed and a number of villages were destroyed in this eruption. Gunung Agung is an active volcano, with a large and deep crater that occasionally emits smoke and ash. The last major eruptions occurred in November 2017. Mount Batur Mount Batur () is a volcano on Bali. Mount Batur last erupted in 2000. It is a volcano inside an older, larger, volcano. The original eruption, about 30,000 years ago, is one of the largest known volcanic events on Earth. The volcano is now 1,717 metres (5,633 feet) high. There are many people — whole villages — living inside the caldera. Mount Rinjani Mount Rinjani or Gunung Rinjani is an active volcano on Lombok, Indonesia. It is high, making it the second highest volcano in Indonesia. It last erupted in 2009. Mataram Mataram is a city on the west side of the island of Lombok, Indonesia. It is the capital and largest city of West Nusa Tenggara province, and has a population of around 342,896 people as of the year 2005. Megawati Sukarnoputri Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Soekarnoputri (born January 23, 1947), was President of Indonesia from July 23, 2001 to October 20, 2004. She was the Indonesia's first female President, and leader born after independence. On September 20, 2004, she lost her campaign for re-election in the 2004 Indonesian presidential election. She was also the country's vice president from 21 October 1999 to 23 July 2001. She is the daughter of Indonesia's first president, Sukarno. Early life. Megawati was born in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Her father is Indonesia's first President, Sukarno, and her mother is Fatmawati, one of Sukarno's nine wives. Megawati was Sukarno's second child and first daughter. She grew up in her father's Merdeka Palace, one of Indonesia's presidential palace. She used to dance for her father's guests and had a hobby of gardening. Megawati was 19 when her father gave up his power in 1966 and was taken over by a government which was later led by President Suharto. Megawati studied agriculture at Padjadjaran University in Bandung but dropped out in 1967 to be with her father following his loss of power. In 1970, the year her father died, Megawati went to the University of Indonesia to study psychology but dropped out two years later. Kingdom of Kerma The Kingdom of Kerma was a state in Nubia from around 2500 BC to about 1520 BC. It was based in the city of Kerma in Upper Nubia and was a major centre during the Middle Kingdom period of Egypt. It had a distinct civilization (for example very fine and original ceramics have been found). The site of Kerma includes both an extensive town and a cemetery consisting of large tumuli. Because one can find there much examples of Nubian culture and burial practices at the site, scholars think that the Egyptian statues and other Egyptian objects found at Kerma arrived through trade. In 2003, a Swiss archaeological team working in northern Sudan uncovered one of the most remarkable Egyptological finds in recent years. At the site known as Kerma, near the third cataract of the Nile, archaeologist Charles Bonnet and his team discovered a ditch within a temple from the ancient city of Pnoubs, which contained seven monumental black granite statues. Magnificently sculpted, and in an excellent state of preservation, they portrayed five pharaonic rulers, including Taharqa and Tanoutamon, the last two pharaohs of the 'Nubian' Dynasty, when Egypt was ruled by kings from the lands of modern-day Sudan. For over half a century, the Nubian pharaohs governed a combined kingdom of Egypt and Nubia, with an empire stretching from the Delta to the upper reaches of the Nile. Aladdin (1992 movie) Aladdin is a 1992 American-Arabic animated musical fantasy comedy movie. It was produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. "Aladdin" is the 31st animated movie in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series. It was part of the Disney movie era known as the Disney Renaissance. The movie was directed by John Musker and Ron Clements. It is based on the Arab folktale of Aladdin and the magic lamp from "One Thousand and One Nights". The voice cast features Scott Weinger, Jonathan Freeman, Robin Williams, Linda Larkin, Frank Welker, Gilbert Gottfried, and Douglas Seale. "Aladdin" was released on November 25, 1992. It got positive reviews and was the most successful movie of 1992, earning over $217 million in revenue in the United States, and over $504 million worldwide. The movie also won many awards, most of them for its soundtrack. Some people have accused it of being racist, because the heroes are light-skinned and have American accents while the villains are dark-skinned and have Arab accents. "Aladdin"s success led to other material inspired by the movie, including two direct-to-video sequels, "The Return of Jafar" and "Aladdin and the King of Thieves"; an animated television series; toys, video games, spin-offs, and Disney merchandise. A Broadway adaptation debuted in 2014. Plot. In the city of Agrabah, the Sultan wants his daughter Princess Jasmine to marry a prince, but she rejects every suitor and temporarily leaves the palace. At the marketplace, she meets a "street rat" named Aladdin. Jafar, the Sultan's vizier, discovers that Aladdin is the only one who can enter the Cave of Wonders and find a magic lamp. Jafar orders him to get the lamp. Aladdin and his pet monkey, Abu, enter the cave, where they befriend a magic carpet and obtian the lamp. Abu inadvertently grabs a forbidden treasure and the cave collapses itself. After surviving, Aladdin rubs the lamp and meets the Genie, who grants three wishes for him. Aladdin uses the first one to disguise himself as a prince. He returns to the city, and meets the Sultan and Jafar. After Jasmine deduces the identity from Aladdin, the Sultan decides to promote him. When Jafar steals the lamp, he uses two wishes and banishes Aladdin from the city. However, Aladdin returns to the palace and tricks Jafar into having the third wish, which makes Jafar being transformed into a genie. Aladdin uses the dark lamp to trap Jafar inside of it. With the palace reverted to normal, Aladdin uses the third wish to free the Genie and he sets off to see the world. Aladdin and Jasmine plan their marriage. D. B. Cooper D. B. Cooper (also known as Dan Cooper) is an alias (false name) for a man who hijacked an airplane in November 24, 1971. At that time, airline passengers were not searched before boarding their planes. He carried a bomb onto a flight between Portland, Oregon and Seattle, Washington. He received the ransom payment of $200,000. He jumped from the airplane, which was a Boeing 727. When he jumped, the airplane was in the Pacific Northwest, perhaps over Woodland, Washington. Hundreds of suspects have been named through the years, but no conclusive evidence has surfaced regarding who Cooper was, or where he lived. The FBI believes he did not survive the jump. Several people have tried to explain what happened after the jump. Some of these explanations contradict each other. Because no one expected he would jump and because little is known of what happened afterwards, people are still interested in the case. The Cooper case (code-named "Norjak" by the FBI) remains an unsolved mystery. The case is famous for its lack of evidence. A few important clues have arisen, nevertheless. In late 1978, a placard, which had instructions on how to lower the rear stairs of a 727 was found just a few flying minutes north of Cooper's projected drop zone. It is believed that this is from the rear stairway of the plane from which Cooper jumped. In February 1980, eight-year-old Brian Ingram found $5,880 in decaying $20 bills on the banks of the Columbia River. The official physical description of Cooper has remained unchanged and is considered reliable. Flight attendants Schaffner and Mucklow, who spent the most time with Cooper, were interviewed on the same night in separate cities, and gave nearly identical descriptions: around tall, , mid-40s, with close-set piercing brown eyes and swarthy skin. Because the tie clip was pinned on the left side there is the possbilty Cooper was left handed; he smoked Raleigh Cigerettes and drank Bourbon and soda.While he knew the airstair could be lowered Cooper had to ask about how the airstair was operated indicating that while he had knowledge of an airstair he did not have practical experience of how to operate one. Agents theorized that Cooper took his alias from a popular French-language Belgian comics series featuring the fictional hero Dan Cooper, a Royal Canadian Air Force test pilot who took part in numerous heroic adventures, including parachuting. (One cover from the series, reproduced on the FBI website, depicts test pilot Cooper skydiving.) Because the Dan Cooper comics were never translated into English, nor imported to the U.S., they speculated that he had encountered them during a tour of duty in Europe. Becuase Cooper not only demanded a ransom in "neogoatble American Currency" but also may have used the Dan Cooper comic name there is speculation "D.B. Cooper" may have been a Canadian. In 2007 The FBI also disclosed that Cooper had chosen the older of the two primary parachutes supplied to him, rather than the technically superior professional sport parachute, and that from the two reserve parachutes, he selected a "dummy", an unusable unit with a sewn-shut chute intended for classroom demonstrations, although an experienced skydiver would have realized this was non-functional. He also used the cord from the functional parachute he jumped with to secure the money bag. Cooper appeared to be familiar with the Seattle area and may have been an Air Force veteran, based on testimony that he recognized the city of Tacoma from the air as the jet circled Puget Sound, and his accurate comment to Mucklow that McChord Air Force Base was approximately twenty minutes' driving time from Seattle-Tacoma Airport—a detail most civilians would not know or comment upon. His financial situation was very likely desperate. According to the FBI's retired chief investigator, Ralph Himmelsbach, extortionists and other criminals who steal large amounts of money nearly always do so because they need it urgently; otherwise, the crime is not worth the considerable risk. Assuming that Cooper was not a paratrooper but was an Air Force veteran, Special Agent Larry Carr, who led the Cooper investigative team from 2006 until its dissolution in 2016, suggested the possibility that he was an aircraft cargo loader. Such an assignment would have given him knowledge and experience in the aviation field; and loaders—because they throw cargo out of flying aircraft—wear emergency parachutes and receive rudimentary jump training. Such training would have given Cooper a working knowledge of parachutes—but "not necessarily sufficient knowledge to survive the jump he made". The FBI was skeptical of Cooper's odds of survival, concluding that he lacked crucial skydiving skills and experience. "We originally thought Cooper was an experienced jumper, perhaps even a paratrooper", said Carr. "We concluded after a few years this was simply not true. No experienced parachutist would have jumped in the pitch-black night, in the rain, with a wind in his face wearing loafers and a trench coat. It was simply too risky. He also missed that his reserve parachute was only for training and had been sewn shut, something a skilled skydiver would have checked." Cooper also failed to bring or request a helmet, jumped with a non-functional parachute into a probable wind at in November over Washington state without proper protection against the extreme wind chill. The FBI speculated from the beginning that Cooper did not survive his jump. "Diving into the wilderness without a plan, without the right equipment, in such terrible conditions, he probably never even got his chute open", said Carr. Even if he did land safely, agents contended that survival in the mountainous terrain at the onset of winter would have been all but impossible without an accomplice at a predetermined landing point. This would have required a precisely timed jump—necessitating, in turn, cooperation from the flight crew. There is no evidence that Cooper requested or received any such help from the crew, nor that he had any clear idea where he was when he jumped into the stormy, overcast darkness. A 2009 National Geographic special "Robbery in the Sky" speculates on why Cooper and the larger part of the ransom have not been found .i.E. Cooper was killed when he fell into the Columbia River; the River at that time was part of a route for ocean going ships and Cooper remains and the ransom were caught by an ocean going ship. Part of the ransom money broke loose and drifted on to the sand bar where it was found. Cooper and the rest of the money recived a burial at sea. In October 2007, the FBI announced it was able to get a partial DNA profile of Cooper from the tie he left on the hijacked plane. The FBI warehouse had lost other material with his DNA. On December 31, 2007, the FBI revived the unclosed case: They published never before seen composite sketches and fact sheets online. They did this because some people might remember them, and help identify Cooper. In a press release, the FBI said that it still does not believe Cooper survived the jump, but wanted to know who Cooper was. In March 2008, the FBI announced that another possible clue was being investigated after a torn, tangled parachute was found within the bounds of Cooper's probable jump site near the town of Amboy, Washington. However, the FBI announced on April 1, 2008 that the parachute in question was not D. B. Cooper's. The man responsible for packing the four parachutes said that the recently discovered parachute was not Cooper's, as his was nylon, and the newly discovered parachute was silk, dating from the 1940s. Normally, the criminal laws cannot work against people years after their crimes (statute of limitations). In 1976, to prevent D. B. Cooper from escaping punishment, a Portland grand jury charged D. B. Cooper with crimes. Since 1999, Ariel, Washington holds an annual D. B. Cooper celebration on the anniversary of his jump. He is said to be a "disabled veteran". Alistair Darling Alistair Maclean Darling, Baron Darling of Roulanish (born November 28, 1953) is a British Labour Party politician who was the Chancellor of the Exchequer from June 2007 to May 2010 and also held several posts in Tony Blair's government. He is the Member of Parliament for Edinburgh South West. Alistair Darling was born in London. He was first elected to the House of Commons at the 1987 General Election. His government posts under Tony Blair include: Chief Secretary to the Treasury (1997-1998), Secretary of State for Work and Pensions (1998-2002), Transport Secretary (2002-2006), Scottish Secretary (2003-2006) and Secretary of State for Trade and Industry (2006-2007). Moa The moa were large flightless birds with no wings. They lived only in New Zealand, and are now all extinct. There were nine species (in six genera) of Moa. The largest and best known were the genus "Dinornis", which grew up to 3.6 meters (12 feet) tall, and weighed as much as 230 kilograms (510 pounds). The Māori people arrived in New Zealand from Oceania about a thousand years ago. Then, moas lived in large numbers, especially on South Island. Archaeological sites with evidence of moa hunting are all over New Zealand. The moas became extinct about five hundred years ago. The moas had survived being hunted by Haast's eagle. However, they could not survive being hunted for food by the Maoris. Recent extinctions (also mostly birds) have been caused by habitat change and introduced species. Malacology Malacology is the study of molluscs. These animals include snails, slugs, octopus, squid, and bivalves generally, such as clams and mussels. Most of them have shells. The shells are often collected for their beauty and interest. Many people eat molluscs, especially those people who live near the ocean. Those scientists who study molluscs are called "malacologists". They identify and classify them, and find out everything they can about their lives. Types. Types of gastropods. The gastropods are the most common type of mollusc. They have about 70,000 described species. Types of bivalves. With 20,000 described species, bivalves are the second commonest class of molluscs. There are several classifications of bivalves in use. This is a rough guide: Museums. Museums that have either exceptional malacological research collections (behind the scenes) and/or exceptional public exhibits of molluscs: Placard A placard is a sign made to inform people about something. Often, they are used to warn about danger. Very often, hazard symbols (special pictograms) are used. Sometimes, placard is also used to mean a leaflet that shows how a certain machine should be operated. Budíkov Budíkov is a village in the Pelhřimov District, Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. About 283 people live there and it has 6,64 km². Budíkov was first documented in 1226. Typha Typha is a genus of plants. They are found in wetland habitats. They are commonly found in the Northern Hemisphere, but may be found in wetlands elsewhere. These plants are known in British English as bulrush, bullrush or reedmace, and in American English as cattail or punks. Uses by humans. Cattails were once used to make paper. Cattail paper is very heavy and coarse, and is rarely used today. Cattail has also been used as a water filter to remove the poisonous chemical arsenic from drinking water. Sickle-cell disease Sickle cell anaemia is a genetic disease. It affects red blood cells. It changes the cells from flexible disks into rigid crescents. When many red cells take this shape veins get blocked. This can cause damage to many organs. The organ damage increases with time and leads to an early death. The disease. This is a lifelong disease which starts in childhood. The red blood cells take up an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape. The cells also become sticky. This causes difficult blood flow when cells flow through long narrow capillaries. Low oxygen increases the problem. As they pass through low oxygen areas most cells take up this shape. The cells then stick to the inner wall of blood vessels, especially the branching point of veins. This leads to a blockade of blood flow in many organs. Severe complications may result. The classic example of a sickle cell crisis is "acute chest syndrome"(ACS). This is unique to sicklers, and can cause death in a day or two unless treated. Historically, acute chest syndrome was considered different from infection (pneumonia). But in treatment there is not much point making that distinction. ACS is a clinical diagnosis helped by at least one chest X-ray. In all other organs low oxygen causes widening of blood vessels. But the lung is a unique organ where blood vessels become narrower when oxygen is low. This unique problem makes the lung a major target of the disease. Fever is the most common symptom of ACS in children because infection is more common. In the adults circulating clots and broken pieces of bone marrow can also add to the blockage of vessels in the lung and lead to ACS. ACS can be partially treated by blood transfusion to dilute the sickled cells with some normal red blood cells. An even better treatment is a procedure called red blood cell exchange. Automated apheresis machines can do RBC exchange. A milder and more frequent problem is 'painful crisis'. Painful crisis involves flank, back and thigh pains that can be relieved by treatment. A painful crisis may evolve into worse problems such as acute chest and other organ failures e.g. strokes, heart attacks. Both strokes and heart attacks are general problems which may happen in older people. But in sickle patients these can happen even in the young. The spleen is involved differently in different ethnic groups with this disease. Spleen is the organ which filters old RBCs and destroys them. Old RBCs are stiff and cannot pass through some very narrow slits in the spleen. But in sickle patients all cells very quickly become stiff and thus keep clogging up the spleen. Starting from a very young age segments of the spleen die because of this problem. In the pure form of this disease the whole spleen is dead and shrunken before the patient become adult. Normal spleen keeps a large store of B cells which make antibodies and protect us from bacteria. Loss of a working spleen leads to loss of protection from such bacteria. In many Asian populations beta thalassaemia occurs together with sickle cell disease. Thalassemia itself is another form of anaemia. But the nature of the two disease are opposite. Thalassemia increases red cell flexibility. However, thalassemia itself can be a serious disease. Population genetics. The sickling occurs because of a single point mutation in the gene for the beta chain of haemoglobin. Sickle-cell disease occurs more commonly in people (or their descendants) from parts of tropical and sub-tropical regions where malaria is or was common. One quarter of all people of Sub-Saharan African origin carry the gene. We all inherit two copies (alleles) of the hemoglobin beta gene. One comes each parent. Some people are heterozygous: they have the sickle mutation in one copy and the other copy is normal. Such people are called sickle trait or a carrier. People with sickle trait are more resistant to malaria than normal people. When both alleles of a gene are similar (homozygous) a person has copies mutated or both normal. If both alleles have the mutation, it causes the full disease. In malaria prone areas, normal people die frequently of malaria often before they had children. Those with both copies with sickle mutation die of sickle disease before they can reproduce. But the heterozygotes have a better survival (and have more children) than both homozygous groups. Thus, the inheritance of the disease is an example of 'heterozygous advantage'. In the full (homozygous) disease life expectancy is shortened, in fact it is near-fatal in pre-modern societies. Sir Cyril Clarke said (referring to East Africa in the 1960s) "Almost all the children (with sickle-cell disease) will die in infancy".p25. Studies in the modern U.S.A. report an average life expectancy of 42 years for males and 48 years for females. David Miliband David Wright Miliband (born 15 July 1965) is a British politician who was the Foreign Secretary from June 2007 to May 2010 and a member of Tony Blair's cabinet. He was the Member of Parliament for South Shields in Tyne and Wear. He is the CEO of the International Rescue Committee. David Miliband was born in London to Polish-Jewish parents and is an atheist. He was raised in Primrose Hill, London. He is the elder son of Marxist Ralph Miliband and Marion Kozak. He is the elder brother of Labour leader Ed Miliband. He was educated at the University of Oxford and was the head of the Number 10 Policy Unit from 1997-2001. He was first elected in the 2001 general election. After being part of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown's governments, Miliband was a candidate in the 2010 Labour leadership contest. Despite Miliband being favourite to win the contest, his brother Ed narrowly won the contest in September 2010. Miliband chose not to be a member of Ed's shadow cabinet. Jack Straw John Whitaker 'Jack' Straw (born 3 August 1946 in Buckhurst Hill, Essex, England) is a British politician. He held several Cabinet posts in the Labour government under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Blackburn. Jack Straw became a Labour Party MP at the 1979 General Election for the constituency of Blackburn. He was promoted to the shadow cabinet in 1987 and became the Home Secretary when Labour returned to power in 1997. His other cabinet posts included: Foreign Secretary (2001-2006), Leader of the House of Commons (2006-2007) and Justice Secretary (2007-2010). He did not choose to become a member of Ed Miliband's shadow cabinet. Personal life. Straw's first marriage, in 1968, to teacher Anthea Weston ended in divorce in 1977. They had a daughter, Rachel, born on 24 February 1976. She died after five days because of a heart defect. On 10 November 1978 he married Alice Perkins, a senior civil servant. They have two adult children, William and Charlotte. He supports his local football club Blackburn Rovers. He was made an Honorary Vice President of Blackburn Rovers in 1998 by Jack Walker. Straw has tinnitus. Jacqui Smith Jacqueline Jill "Jacqui" Smith (born 3 November 1962) is an English politician. She was the first female Home Secretary of the United Kingdom. She was born in Malvern, Worcestershire. She was the Member of Parliament for the Redditch constituency. She was first elected in the 1997 general election. She lost her seat at the 2010 General Election. She is a member of the Labour Party. Personal life. Smith married Richard Timney (born 1963 in Ealing, London) in October 1987 in Malvern, Worcestershire. They have two sons. In December 2008, it was discovered that Timney wrote a series of letters praising the work of Smith. These letters were sent to newspapers. He did not say that he was her husband and managing her constituency office. In June 2008 the "Independent newspaper" reported that she was a season-ticket holder at Aston Villa Football Club. Des Browne, Baron Browne of Ladyton Desmond "Des" Henry Browne, Baron Browne (born March 22, 1952) is a Scottish politician and was Secretary of State for Defence and Secretary of State for Scotland. He was first elected in the 1997 general election, and was the Member of Parliament for the Kilmarnock and Loudoun constituency in the United Kingdom until 2010, when he was created a Life Peer He is a member of the Labour Party. Alan Johnson Alan Arthur Johnson (born 17 May 1950) is an English politician and former Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer. He was born and raised in London. He has been the Member of Parliament for the Hull West and Hessle constituency in the East Riding of Yorkshire since the 1997 general election. He is a member of the Labour Party. Johnson has been married twice. His first marriage was to Judith Elizabeth Cox. They had one son and two daughters. After his divorce he married Laura Jane Patient in 1991. They had a son, born in 2000. Hilary Benn Hilary James Wedgwood Benn (born 26 November 1953) is an English politician. He was born in Hammersmith, west London. Since October 2010, he has been the Shadow Leader of the House of Commons. He is the Member of Parliament for the Leeds Central constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in 1999 in a by-election. He is a member of the Labour Party. He is the middle son of Tony Benn (1925-2014) and Caroline Benn (1926-2000). Douglas Alexander Douglas Garven Alexander (born October 26, 1967) is a Scottish politician. Before the 2010 General election he was Secretary of State for International Development, afterwards he became the Shadow Secretary of State for International Development and is now Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions. He is the Member of Parliament for the Paisley and Renfrewshire South constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in 1997 in a by-election. He is a member of the Labour Party. John Hutton, Baron Hutton of Furness John Matthew Patrick Hutton, Baron Hutton of Furness (born 6 May 1955) is an English politician. He is a member of the Labour Party. He was the Member of Parliament for the Barrow and Furness constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1992 general election, and retired in 2010. In March 2011 he published a report on public sector pension reform. The report states that radical reform to the pension plans of six million public sector workers still leave them with "hugely generous" settlements. The retirement crisis has been caused by the scrapping of gold-plated final salary pension schemes for private sector workers coinciding with low interest rates and a lacklustre stock market. House prices have also fallen. "Future pensioners are likely to be confronted by a crisis of expectations and a squeeze in income", the report warns. Harriet Harman Harriet Ruth Harman (born 30 July 1950) is a British politician who was the Deputy Leader of the Labour Party from 2007 to 2015. She was born and raised in West London. She is the Member of Parliament for the Camberwell and Peckham constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. She was first elected for Peckham in a by-election in 1982. Career. She has held cabinet posts in the Labour governments of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. Following Brown's resignation as Labour leader on 11 May 2010, Harman was the acting leader of the Labour Party until Ed Miliband was elected on September 25, 2010. Until 2015 she was the Deputy Leader and ex-officio member of the Shadow Cabinet. She was also Shadow Deputy Prime Minister and Shadow Secretary of State for International Development. On February 24 2014, Harman's was on "Newsnight" to say that she did not support the Paedophile Information Exchange. Harman would not say sorry. Personal life. Harman is a feminist. She married Jack Dromey in 1982. The couple have two sons and a daughter. Dromey died in 2022. James Purnell James Mark Dakin Purnell (born March 2, 1970) was an English politician was Secretary of State for Work and Pensions in 2010. He was the Member of Parliament for the Stalybridge and Hyde constituency in the United Kingdom from the elected in the 2001 general election until he retired at the 2010 general election. He is currently the Head of the Open Left project at the left leaning think tank Demos He is a member of the Labour Party. Paul Murphy, Baron Murphy of Torfaen Paul Peter Murphy, KCMCO, KSG (born November 25, 1948) is a Welsh politician and held several cabinet posts, including Secretary of State for Wales. He is the Member of Parliament for the Torfaen constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1987 general election. He is a member of the Labour Party. Ruth Kelly Ruth Maria Kelly (born May 9, 1968) is now an economist working for the HSBC Bank. She was a British politician and had been a Cabinet Minister. She was the Member of Parliament for the Bolton West constituency in the United Kingdom from the 1997 general election to the 2010 general election She is a member of the Labour Party. Hazel Blears Hazel Anne Blears (born May 14, 1956) is an English politician. and is the Member of Parliament for the Salford and Eccles constituency. She was first elected in the 1997 general election as member for the Salford constituency. She held several government posts under Prime Ministers Tony Blair and Gordon Brown, including Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, up until the 2010 general election She is a member of the Labour Party. Geoff Hoon Geoffrey William Hoon (born 6 December 1953) is an English politician and held several government posts. He was born in Derby. He was the Member of Parliament for the Ashfield constituency in the United Kingdom from his first elected in the 1992 general election until he retired in 2010. Hoon is a member of the Labour Party. Ed Balls Edward Michael "Ed" Balls (born 25 February 1967) is a British current television presenter and a former politician who is currently presenter for the ITV breakfast show Good Morning Britain. He was the shadow Home Secretary in Ed Miliband's shadow cabinet. He was born in Norwich, Norfolk and moved to Nottinghamshire during his childhood. He is the Labour Party and was theCo-operative Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Morley and Outwood in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 2005 general election and held the post of Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families from June 2007 to May 2010. He was a candidate to become leader of the Labour Party in September 2010 and lost to Ed Miliband. Ed Balls lost his seat in the 2015 general election Ed Miliband Edward Samuel Miliband (born 24 December 1969) is a British politician. He was the leader of the Labour Party and of the Official Opposition. He is also the Labour Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Doncaster North, and is a former cabinet minister. He was born in University College Hospital, Bloomsbury, London and raised in Primrose Hill. His parents were Polish-Jewish immigrants. He is the younger son of the Marxist thinker Ralph Miliband. At the London School of Economics, he obtained a Master's degree in Economics, and then became an advisor to Labour politicians such as Harriet Harman and Gordon Brown. At the 2005 general election, he was elected to be the MP for Doncaster North. His first job in government was as the "Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change", which he took up on October 3, 2008 and remained as until Labour lost the 2010 General Election. In September 2010, he defeated his brother David Miliband by a small number of votes to become leader of the Labour Party. He resigned as leader in May 2015 after Labour lost to the Conservative Party in the 2015 General Election. Jeremy Corbyn replaced him. Andy Burnham Andrew Murray Burnham (born 7 January 1970) is an English politician. He was a candidate in the 2010 Labour leadership election. As of 2012 Burnham was Shadow Secretary of State for Health within Ed Miliband's Shadow Cabinet. He is the Member of Parliament for the Leigh constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 2001 general election. Burnham was born in Old Roan, Aintree, Lancashire and raised in Culcheth, Warrington. He is a member of the Labour Party. On 5 May 2017, he was elected mayor of Greater Manchester. Shaun Woodward Shaun Anthony Woodward (born 26 October 1958 in Bristol, England) is a British politician and is the Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in Ed Miliband's shadow cabinet. He is the Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of St Helens South in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1997 general election as the Conservative Party MP for the constituency of Witney but changed to Labour in 1999. At the 2001 General Election he was made the MP for the St Helens South constituency and was the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland from 2007 to 2010. When Ed Miliband became Labour leader, Shaun Woodward was made the Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. Yvette Cooper Yvette Cooper (born 20 March 1969) is a British politician who is currently the Shadow Home Secretary since 29 November 2021. Cooper is the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Normanton, Pontefract and Castleford constituency in the United Kingdom. She is a member of the Labour Party. Her husband, Ed Balls, represents the neighbouring constituency of Morley and Outwood. She served in the Cabinet between 2008 and 2010 under Prime Minister Gordon Brown. She was Chief Secretary to the Treasury and then Secretary of State for Work and Pensions. After Labour lost the 2010 general election, Cooper was appointed Shadow Foreign Secretary, then in 2011 Shadow Home Secretary. John Denham John Yorke Denham (born July 15, 1953) is an English politician. He is the Member of Parliament for the Southampton Itchen constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1992 general election. He has held many ministerial posts, including He is a member of the Labour Party. Limnology Limnology is the study of waters that are not part of the oceans or seas. This includes rivers, lakes, swamps, streams, wetlands, water under the ground, and even bodies of water made by people. Scientists who study this are called "limnologists". Their work includes biology, chemistry, physics, geology, and hydrology. The "International Society of Limnology" promotes limnology to scientists throughout the world. There are many centres for such research throughout the world. Limnology helps to explain why some lakes have lots of plants and animals and some have very few. The Freshwater Biological Association which is based next to Windermere in England did a lot of the early work. Limnologists there worked out why deep lakes have cold water at the bottom in summer-time but not in Winter. The reason was that winds in Autumn mix the waters up. Toyota RAV4 The Toyota RAV4 is a small sized SUV made by Toyota. Toyota has made the RAV4 since 1994, but has sold it in America since 1996. The RAV4 is sold in a 4-door with an optional V6 engine, the RAV4 is more of a car-like SUV than a truck sized one. The RAV4 EV was an electric version sold in California from 1996 to 2003. The RAV4 shares competition with the similar Honda CR-V, Subaru Forester, and Ford Escape. RAV4 stands for Recreational Active Vehicle with 4-wheel-drive but RAV4s may just come with 2-wheel drive. It’s a versatile car with good fuel economy and favorable on-road manners. The car is powered by a 2.5-liter four-cylinder engine along with six-speed automatic gear options. Toyota RAV4 is one of the first cars introduced in small crossover SUV market. All-in-all Toyota RAV4 is an impressive well-equipped compact SUV with no major pitfalls. Toyota MR2 The Toyota MR2 and MR2 Spyder were sports cars made by Toyota. They were sold from 1984 until 2007. The MR2 is a mid-engine sports car, similar to cars by Ferrari and Porsche. MR2 is an acronym for midship, rear-wheel-drive, two-seater. Wheaton College Wheaton College is a private Evangelical Protestant college in Wheaton, Illinois, a suburb west of Chicago in the United States. It was founded in 1860. Sacred site A sacred site is a place that is thought of as sacred (or holy) to a particular religion. Every one of the world's major religions has sacred sites. Some religions, such as Islam & Hinduism, think of the sacred sites as being very important to their faith. In other religions such as Protestant Christianity, sacred sites are not so important. The idea that a place is sacred often comes from something that has happened at the place, or a religious story about that place. Mount Sinai is a sacred site for Jews and Christians because it was on Mount Sinai that Moses received the Ten Commandments of God. The "sacred site" might be a natural site, or it might be a building of some sort. One of the most famous natural sites that is also a sacred site is Uluru (also called Ayre's Rock) in Central Australia. It is believed to have been sacred to the aboriginal people for about 40,000 years. Other famous natural sites are the sacred trees of India, Japan and South East Asia. Very often, buildings have been made on natural sites that were already thought of as sacred. For example, a spring of water coming from the ground might be said to have healing powers. A special well-house might be built around the spring to protect it, and as a place where people might leave offerings (gifts to a god). Other sites are thought of as sacred because a holy person or saint lived there, or died there, or their body is kept there. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem is one of the most sacred sites to Christianity because it is believed that Jesus' body was placed in a tomb there. The city of Mecca is sacred to all Muslim people as the birthplace of the prophet Muhammad. Pilgrimage. Many people make a special visit to a sacred site. This is called a pilgrimage. A person who travels on pilgrimage is called a "pilgrim". Pilgrimage is very important in Islam, because every Muslim person is expected to make a pilgrimage to the city of Mecca once in their lifetime, if they can possibly do so. Many Christians also make pilgrimages to sacred sites. Pilgrimage became very important in the Middle Ages when thousands of people travelled to many sacred sites, particularly to Jerusalem, to the famous Christian basilicas of Rome, to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in Spain and Canterbury Cathedral in England. In modern times, sacred sites of Christian pilgrimage include Assisi in Italy, Lourdes in France, Fatima in Portugal and the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico City. In Buddhism, the sacred sites are four places in India where Buddha lived and preached. These are Kapilavastu, Bodh Gaya, Benares and Kusinagara. Basil II Basil II (958 – December 15, 1025), was a Byzantine emperor from the Macedonian dynasty from January 10, 976 to December 15, 1025. Under his reign, the Byzantine Empire reached its greatest height since Justinian the Great. Under his reign, the First Bulgarian Empire was completely taken by him, a land that would be part of his empire for 150 years. Because of this, the northern part of the Roman Empire touched the Danube river for the first time in several hundred years. He also took land towards the east. Battle of Manzikert The Battle of Manzikert, or Malazgirt (Turkish: "Malazgirt Sav") was fought between the Byzantine Empire and then Seljuq Empire. The Seljuq forces attacked on August 26, 1071 near Manzikert, (modern Malazgirt, Turkey). Its result was one of the most decisive defeats of the Byzantine Empire and the capture of the Byzantine Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes. The Battle of Manzikert played an important role in breaking the Byzantine resistance and preparing the way for the Turkish settlement in Anatolia. Mark Lawrenson Mark Thomas Lawrenson (born 2 June 1957, in Preston, Lancashire) is a former professional football player, a defender in the Liverpool and Irishfootball teams of the 1980s; he has since become a radio, television and internet pundit for the BBC. Despite being born in England, UK, he played for the Republic of Ireland national football team due to his Irish ancestry. Red Square Red Square (, ) is the most famous city square in Moscow, Russia. The square separates the Kremlin, the former royal citadel and currently the official residence of the President of Russia, from a historic merchant quarter known as Kitay-gorod (China-Town). As major streets of Moscow radiate from here in all directions, being promoted to major highways outside the city, the Red Square is often considered the central square of Moscow and of all Russia. Red Square and the Kremlin are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Joseph Stalin's body was preserved near Red Square, in Lenin's mausoleum. It was later moved and reburied deep behind the Kremlin Wall without any ceremony. Red Square is a popular tourist attraction in Russia. George I of Great Britain George I (George Louis) was the ruler of Hanover in North Germany and later also the King of Great Britain and Ireland. Family. George was born in Osnabrück, Germany, on 28 May 1660. He lived most of his life in the Electorate of Hanover, one of the many German countries that was part of the Holy Roman Empire. This area is today part of Germany. He married his cousin Sophia Dorothea (the daughter of his father's brother George William) in 1682. On 10 November 1683, their first child and only son, George Augustus, was born. When George Louis was King of Great Britain, George Augustus was the Prince of Wales. When the father died, the son became king, as George II. On 16 March 1687, their second child and only daughter was born. She was called Sophia Dorothea, after her mother. She later married and became the Queen in Prussia. Because she was married, she did not live in Britain with her father, but in Prussia with her husband. George and his wife drifted apart, because he preferred his mistress Melusine, with whom he had three daughters, Anna, Melusine and Margaret. Meanwhile, his wife was having an affair with Count Philip Christopher of Königsmarck, who was found dead in a river, rumoured to have been murdered on George's orders. The marriage was ended in 1694, on the grounds that Sophia Dorothea had effectively abandoned George. Sophia Dorothea's father, George William, and George Louis, had Sophia Dorothea imprisoned in Ahlden Castle in Celle, where she was unable to see her father, former husband, or children. In 1698, his father died and George became the ruler ("Prince-elector") of Hanover. King of Great Britain. When Queen Anne of Great Britain died in 1714, an act of parliament said the next ruler must be a Protestant. George was not the closest relative, but was the closest Protestant one. All the closer relatives were Roman Catholic, so George became King of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 August 1714. He was the first ruler of Great Britain from his family, the House of Hanover. Many of the British people did not like the new king. It is often said that he could not actually speak English. This may have been true at first, but he sometimes wrote in English later in his reign. George spent less time running the country than previous monarchs and allowed Parliament to have a bigger role. Later on, he left Robert Walpole in charge of running the country. Walpole became the first British prime minister, although the word "prime minister" was not used at the time. He died while travelling from England to Hanover on 11 June 1727. Official Opposition (United Kingdom) Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition, or the Official Opposition in the United Kingdom is led by The Leader of the Opposition. This is usually the political party with the second largest number of seats in the House of Commons, as the largest party will usually form the government. Since May, 2010, the Official Opposition has been the Labour Party. Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom) The Leader of the Opposition (sometimes known as the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons) in the United Kingdom is the politician who leads Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition. The Leader of the Opposition is normally the leader of the second largest party in the House of Commons. The current Leader of the Opposition is Keir Starmer, the leader of the Labour Party. David Davis David Michael Davis (born 23 December 1948) is an English politician. He is a member of the Conservative Party. In July 2016, Davis became the first Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union under the Theresa May cabinet. Davis was born in York and raised in south London. He was the Shadow Home Secretary from 2003 - 2008. He is the Member of Parliament for the Haltemprice and Howden constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1987 general election for the Boothferry constituency. On 12 June 2008, Davis said he was going to resign as an MP, and was immediately replaced as Shadow Home Secretary. This was intended to force a by-election in his seat, for which he intended to seek re-election by mounting a specific campaign designed to provoke wider public debate about the erosion of civil liberties in the United Kingdom. Following his formal resignation as an MP on 18 June 2008, he officially became the Conservative candidate in the resulting by-election and won it on 10 July 2008. In 2017, Davis proposed a new treaty between UK and EU to fight crime and terror, after series of terrorist incidents in UK. In September 2017, he stated that UK was to remain as the part of Europol. However, EU is said to have refused to discuss Europol, which exchanges crime and counter-terrorism information and intelligence, until it judges that "sufficient progress" has been been on the financial settlement, Ireland and citizen's rights after Brexit.  On 8 July 2018 Davis resigned as Brexit Secretary. William Hague William Jefferson Hague, Baron Hague of Richmond (pronounced "HAIG"; born 26 March 1961) is a British politician. He was Foreign Secretary and First Secretary of State. He was the leader of the Conservative Party from June 1997 to September 2001. He was the Member of Parliament for the Richmond (York) constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. William Hague was born in Rotherham in West Riding of Yorkshire, England. He first gained national attention when he spoke at the 1977 Conservative Party conference aged 16. He was educated at the University of Oxford. Hague first became a Member of Parliament at a by-election in 1989. In 1995, William Hague was made the Secretary of State for Wales until 1997 when the Conservatives lost the general election. He was elected as Conservative Party leader in 1997. Following the Conservative's defeat in the 2001 General Election, he resigned from the position and was succeeded by Iain Duncan Smith. He went on to write biographies of William Pitt the Younger and William Wilberforce. In 2005, when David Cameron became the Conservative Party leader, Hague was made the Shadow Foreign Secretary and Secretary of State. Hague became the Foreign Secretary after the 2010 election in the Conservative Liberal Democrat coalition government. Issues that he was involved in included the Arab Spring and Syrian Civil War as well as the crisis in Crimea. Hague thinks Syrian President Bashar al-Assad should be removed from power, and the Cameron government wanted to help the opposition with air strikes in 2013, but Parliament did not agree and the plans did not go forward. Hague did not run for reelection in the 2015 election and mostly retired from politics after that. He was made a member of the House of Lords as Baron Hague of Richmond, where he is a member today. George Osborne George Gideon Oliver Osborne (born 23 May 1971) is a former British politician and newspaper editor. Osborne was the Chancellor of the Exchequer from 2010 to 2016 in the David Cameron government. He was the Conservative Party Member of Parliament for the Tatton constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. He was an MP from 2001 to 2017. George Osborne was born in Paddington, London, England and was educated at the University of Oxford. He became an MP in 2001 and entered the shadow cabinet in 2004. In 2005, Osborne was made the Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer by Michael Howard and held this post when David Cameron became leader of the Conservative Party. Osborne became Chancellor of the Exchequer on 11 May 2010 and outlined £6.2 billion worth of cuts to help reduce the budget deficit. He left office on 13 July 2016 when Theresa May became Prime Minister. He was replaced by Philip Hammond. In April 2017 he said he would not stand in the 2017 general election. He was made a Companion of Honour in the 2016 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours. He was editor of the "Evening Standard" from 2017 to 2020. Osborne is part of the old Anglo-Irish aristocracy, known in Ireland as the "Ascendancy". He is the heir to the Osborne baronetcy (of Ballentaylor, in County Tipperary, and Ballylemon, in County Waterford). Revelation. "Private Eye" wrote about the relationship between Osborne and "Evening Standard" owner Evgeny Lebedev. Russian oligarch Lebedev appointed Osborne as editor. The "Evening Standard" is now called "The Standard". During Osborne's time as Chancellor of the Exchequer he regularly pledged Treasury money to "Standard" charitable campaigns. In September 2015, the newspaper ranked Osborne in joint-first place on its annual 'Progress 1000' list of the most influential people in London. It also said that, as Chancellor, Osborne failed to tackle the advantageous tax status for so-called "non-doms" (foreign wealthy people). Lebedev's paper strongly supported the Conservative Party in the 2015 general election and the Conservatives' candidate Zac Goldsmith in the 2016 London mayoral election. Trojanus of Saintes Trojanus of Saintes (died c.530) was a 6th century bishop of Saintes, in France. He is a Catholic saint, also known as Trojan and Troyen. His feast day is held on 30 November. 530 Year 530 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Celestus microblepharis Celestus microblepharis are a kind of lizard of the Anguidae family. It can only be found in Jamaica. Anguidae Anguidae is a family of lizards. Classification. Family Anguidae Celestus Celestus is a genus of lizards. Classification. Genus "Celestus" Celestus warreni Celestus warreni (also known as the Warren's galliwasp or the giant Hispaniolan galliwasp) is a kind of lizard of the Anguidae family. It can be found in the Dominican Republic and Haiti. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests underneath leaf litter and underneath forest debris. Giant galliwasps are opportunistic predators that feed on insects, earthworms, small mammals, and other reptiles. It is threatened by habitat loss. Duquesney's galliwasp Celestus duquesneyi (also known as the Duquesney's galliwasp or blue-tailed galliwasp) is a kind of lizard of the Anguidae family. It can only be found in Jamaica. Celestus fowleri Celestus fowleri is a kind of lizard in the Anguidae family. It only lives in Jamaica. Jamaica giant galliwasp The Jamaica giant galliwasp (Celestus occiduus) was a kind of lizard of the Anguidae family. It was only found in Jamaica, and it is now extinct. Tammy Wynette Virginia Wynette Pugh (usually known as Tammy Wynette, May 5, 1942 – April 6, 1998), was an American country music singer. She was born in Mississippi. The best-known of her songs is "Stand by Your Man". She had 17 number-one hits during her career. She died of pulmonary thrombosis. Personal life. Wynette was married 5 times. Her third husband was George Jones, also a singer of country music. Tricity Triciti (Polish Trójmiasto) is the unofficial name of an urban area with 3 cities: Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot in Pomeranian Voivodeship. Tricity is a big centre for tourism. Kaliningrad Oblast Kaliningrad Oblast (, "Kaliningradskaya oblast") is an exclave of Russia bordered by Poland, Lithuania and Baltic Sea. The capital of Kaliningrad Oblast is Kaliningrad, formerly Königsberg. It is quite unusual, first because it is not attached to Russia. It is an exclave on the Baltic coast, with no land connection to the rest of Russia. It has a population of 941,873 (2010 Census). It has a continental climate ("Dfb" in the Koeppen climate classification). Its territory was part of historical East Prussia (German: Nord-Ostpreussen), which was an exclave of Germany from 1919 until 1945. That year, it was occupied by the Soviet Union as a result of the World War II. The region was later annexed to the Soviet Union under border changes of the Potsdam Agreement, when it was attached to the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). Most of its German population were fled west to West Germany during the last months of the war. The rest were expelled between 1944 and 1950. Russian settlers were moved in and the population is now mainly Russian. As of the 2010 census, only a small number of ethnic Germans remain; most of the several thousand who live in the oblast are recent immigrants from other parts of the former Soviet Union. Coat of arms of Poland A official Coat of Arms of Poland is the White Eagle with golden crown in its head on red shield. The White Eagle came from a legend about Lech. Christianization Christianization is when a country, nation or region changes their faith to Christianity. It can be started when a local ruler is baptized. Adam Sandler Adam Richard Sandler (born September 9, 1966) is an American actor, comedian, musician, screenwriter and movie producer. His family is Jewish and descends from Russian immigrants on both sides. He is best known for comedy movies, such as "Happy Gilmore", "The Wedding Singer", "Little Nicky", "Spanglish", "I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry", "You Don't Mess with the Zohan" and "Uncut Gems". He also starred in a dramatic role for "Reign Over Me". Sandler was born in New York City and grew up in New Hampshire. Influences. Sandler's influences include "Weird Al" Yankovic, Beastie Boys, Bill Cosby, Chris Rush, Dennis Miller, Eddie Murphy, Jerry Lewis, Joe Piscopo, Mel Brooks, Redd Foxx, Sam Kinison, Steve Martin and The Blues Brothers as influences. Anguis Anguis is a member of legless lizards also known as slowworms or blindworms. belonging to the genus Anguidae. Even though they are lizards, slow worms have lost their legs and are usually mistaken for snakes. Classification. Subfamily Anguinae Anguis fragilis Anguis fragilis (the slow-worm, or blindworm) is a lizard which is limbless (meaning it has no legs or arms). It has a wide distribution in Europe and Asia, and is one of the few reptiles native to Britain. When a slow-worm is in danger it can shed (break off) its tail and escape. It can then grow back a new, shorter tail, which it cannot shed. The female often has a stripe along the back and the male may have blue spots. Instead of laying eggs, the females give birth to live young (viviparous birth). In the days leading up to birth the female can often be seen basking in the sun on a warm road. Slow-worms are often called snakes, but they are not. Slow-worms can blink, but snakes cannot. They shed their skin in patches like other lizards, rather than the whole skin as most snakes do. Adult slow-worms grow to be about 50 centimetres long. They are known for their very long life. One was said to have been fifty four years old. There are not as many slow-worms as there used to be. Many places where they used to live have been built on. In gardens they can be killed by cats. Major League Baseball on ESPN Radio Major League Baseball on ESPN Radio is a broadcast presentation of Major League Baseball on ESPN Radio. The games include the Opening Day game, the Sunday Night Baseball games, Saturday afternoon games, holiday games (like Memorial Day games) and September pennant race games. The All-Star Game and all of the playoffs can also be heard on ESPN Radio including the Division Series, League Championship Series and the World Series. In addition to affiliate stations on AM/FM radio, ESPN Radio's game broadcasts are also on XM Satellite Radio. They are not included in the subscription "Gameday Audio" package on MLB.com, however. History. On September 27, 1997, ESPN outbid CBS Radio to become the exclusive national radio broadcaster of Major League Baseball. This was very surprising, considering that CBS Radio had been the national broadcaster since 1976. The agreement lasted seven years through 2004 and gave ESPN Radio the rights to broadcast numerous games including opening Day, "Sunday Night Baseball", Saturday "Game of the Week", holiday games, September pennant race games, the All-Star Game and all of the playoffs, including the World Series. Then on October 21, 2004, ESPN Radio extended its then seven year relationship with Major League Baseball with a five year, $55 million dollar contract extension through the 2010 season. The agreement also added a weekly program devoted to baseball, which became "The Baseball Show" from 3 p.m. ET to 7 p.m. ET on Sundays during the regular season. The program is hosted by John Seibel and Steve Phillips. Broadcasters. ESPN Radio's lead broadcasting crew consists of Gary Thorne and Dave Campbell. Thorne succeeded Dan Shulman, who had called for the network since 2002; Shulman, in turn, had been preceded by Charley Steiner from 1998-2002. Campbell replaced Kevin Kennedy as analyst in 2000. The pregame host for all of the games since its debut has been Joe D'Ambrosio. The broadcast team for the World Series and one League Championship Series is Jon Miller and Hall of Famer Joe Morgan. During all of the games there is also the "ESPN Radio SportsCenter" every twenty minutes with live cut ins during the games. Calixa Lavallée Calixa Lavallée, (born Quebec, 28 December 1842; died Boston, 21 January 1891), was a Canadian-American composer. For many years he was a travelling musician. Later he worked hard to improve music education in Canada. He is famous for composing the music for the Canadian national anthem "O Canada". Life. Lavallée was born into a French-Canadian family. Originally his name was Calixte Paquet. His father made musical instruments and played in a band. He learned to play the piano, violin and cornet. He went to the United States and played in a band during the American Civil War. For many years he travelled, playing and teaching. He becamGrand Opera House which put on minstrel shows rather than proper operas. When the theatre closed in 1872 he went back to Montreal. His friends got enough money together to help him go to France to study at the Paris Conservatoire. There he studied under famous teachers including Boieldieu. When he went back to Canada he wanted to help to improve the state of music education there. He small music school in Quebec but it was always difficult for him to get money from the authorities. He composed the music to “O Canada” which soon became the Canadian national anthem. Shortly after that he went to the United States again. He became music director of the Roman Catholic cathedral in Boston and became very active with the Music Teachers’ National Association. He died of tuberculosis in 1891. In 1933, his remains were taken back to Montreal where they were buried in the cemetery. His music. Besides the tune to "O Canada", Lavallée wrote many works, including some comic operas: "Loulou", "Tiq" and "The King of Diamonds". Most of the music that was published consists of his lighter pieces, including a short piece for piano called "Papillon" ("Butterfly") which became extremely popular in North America as well as Europe. Sepsis Sepsis is a very dangerous disease that occurs when an infection goes wrong. Normally the immune system of the body is able to fight the germs and overcome the infection, but in sepsis something goes wrong. The pathogen was at some point able to get into the blood or tissues. The term sepsis is frequently used to refer to septicemia (blood poisoning). Septicemia is only one type of sepsis. Bacteremia specifically refers to the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream (viremia and fungemia are the terms used for viruses and fungi). A sepsis is a medical emergency, as it can put the life in danger, if it is not acted on. Symptoms. Common symptoms of sepsis are inflammations all over the body. This is often combined with high fever. Today, people believe, these symptoms are caused by the immune system trying to fight the disease. Because of the strong reactions, organs can be damaged in the process. In a sense, the immune system over-reacts the germs and goes wrong, causing damage to the organs. Cause of death. In the United States, sepsis is the leading cause of death for ICU patients which do not have heart problems. Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows it is the tenth most common cause of death overall. Older people, those with a weak immune system and those with a strong illness suffer from sepis more often. It is also more dangerous to them. It occurs in 1%-2% of all hospitalizations and accounts for as much as 25% of intensive care unit (ICU) bed utilization. It is a major cause of death in intensive care units worldwide, with mortality rates that range from 20% for sepsis to 40% for "severe sepsis" to over 60% for "septic shock". More severe forms. Severe sepsis and septic shock are more severe forms of sepsis. With severe sepsis, one or more organs fail to work. Septic shock is when sepsis is combined with very low blood pressure. Treatment. Today, the bacterial forms of sepsis can be treated with antibiotics. In addition, the fluids (blood) containing the germs have to be replaced. It might also be necessary to functionally replace the organs that failed. It is important to begin to treat the sepsis as quickly as possible, as each hour it is left untreated will raise the chances of death by 5% to 10%. About half the people affected and untreated die from the condition. Rapid access to treatment will increase the chances of survival in most cases. Patrick McLoughlin Patrick Allen McLoughlin, Baron McLoughlin, (born 30 November 1957) is an English politician and the current Chief Whip, which is the same job he had in opposition. He was first elected in 1986 in a by-election as the Member of Parliament for the West Derbyshire constituency in the United Kingdom, and since 2010 for its successor, the Derbyshire Dales constituency. He is a member of the Conservative Party. On 14 July 2016, he became Chairman of the Conservative Party and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, under the new Prime Minister Theresa May. He resigned as Chairman on 8 January 2018 and was succeeded by Brandon Lewis. Early life and career. McLoughlin was born in Stafford on 30 November 1957, the son and grandson of coal miners. He was educated at the Cardinal Griffin Roman Catholic School in Cannock, Staffordshire, and Staffordshire College of Agriculture at Rodbaston College. From 1974, he worked for five years as a farm worker and, after 1979, worked underground at the Littleton Colliery in Cannock. He was a member of the National Union of Mineworkers, and became an industrial representative for the National Coal Board's Western Area Marketing Department. He was knighted in the Resignation Honours of David Cameron in 2016. In Theresa May's Resignation Honours in September 2019, he was made a Companion of Honour. Oliver Letwin Oliver Letwin, a MP and a FRSA (born 19 May 1956) is an English politician. He is currently the Minister of State at the Cabinet Office as well as the Chairman of Policy Review, and Chairman of the Conservative Research Department. He is the Member of Parliament for the West Dorset constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1997 general election. He is a member of the Conservative Party. He married Isabel Grace Davidson on 14 September 1984 in Cambridge. They have a twin son and daughter born in July 1993. Caroline Spelman Dame Caroline Alice Spelman (née Cormack, born 4 May 1958) is an English politician. She was born in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire. She is the Meriden constituency in England. She was first elected in the 1997 general election. In May 2010 she became Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs in David Cameron's coalition cabinet, and was sworn as a Privy Counsellor on 13 May 2010. She served in this role until September 2012, when she was dismissed in a cabinet reshuffle. In 2015, she became Second Church Estates Commissioner. She is a member of the Conservative Party. Philip Hammond Philip Hammond, Baron Hammond of Runnymede (born 4 December 1955) is an English politician. He was born in Epping, Essex. He became Chancellor of the Exchequer in 2016. He became Secretary of State for Transport on 12 May 2010, and a Privy Counsellor on 13 May 2010. He was the first Member of Parliament for the Runnymede and Weybridge constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1997 general election. In 2017, he announced the Midlands Engine Strategy. He was a member of the Conservative Party until 2019. He was suspended from the party after voting against the government in a bill to remove the possibility of a no-deal Brexit. Andrew Mitchell Andrew John Bower Mitchell (born 23 March 1956) is an English politician. He was born in Hampstead, London. He was appointed as Secretary of State for International Development on 12 May 2010, and as a Privy Counsellor on 13 May 2010. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Sutton Coldfield constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1987 general election for the Gedling constituency but lost in 1997. He returned to parliament in the 2001 general election. His father, David Mitchell (1928-2014), was also an MP. He is a member of the Conservative Party. In 2007 he started Project Umubano. On 19 September 2012 he allegedly said to a police officer, 'You don't run this fucking government... You're fucking plebs.' The media called what happened 'Plebgate'. David Mundell David Gordon Mundell (born May 27, 1962) is a British politician and is the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Scotland. He is the Conservative Party Member of Parliament for the Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale constituency in the United Kingdom. Currently, he is the only Conservative Party MP who represents a Scottish constituency. In July 2016, Mundell became the Secretary of State for Scotland. David Mundell was born in Dumfries, Scotland and was educated at the University of Edinburgh. In 1999 and 2003, he was elected as a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the South of Scotland region however resigned as an MSP following the 2005 General Election when he was elected as an MP. From December 2005 to the 2010 General Election, he was the Shadow Secretary of State for Scotland. After the 2010 election, a Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition was formed and because the Liberal Democrats have more Scottish MP's than the Conservatives, a Liberal Democrat was given the post of Scottish secretary. On 13 January 2016, Mundell came out as gay on his personal website. He was previously married to Lynda Carmichael but the couple have divorced. He has three children, one of whom, Oliver Mundell, is a Conservative candidate for the Scottish Parliament in May 2016. Cheryl Gillan Dame Cheryl Elise Kendall Gillan (21 April 1952 – 4 April 2021) was a British politician. She was the Secretary of State for Wales from 2010 to 2012. She was a Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the Chesham and Amersham constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1992 to 2021. Gillan was born in Cardiff, Wales. She was first elected in the 1992 general election and became the Shadow Secretary of State for Wales in 2005. When the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition was formed on 11 May 2010, she became the Secretary of State for Wales. She was dismissed from this post in a cabinet reshuffle in 2012. She was the Chair of the 1922 committee from May until September 2019. This is the powerful committee of backbench Conservative MPs in the House of Commons. Gillan was diagnosed with breast cancer in June 2020. She died on 4 April 2021 in Epsom, England from the disease at the age of 68. Owen Paterson Owen William Paterson (born June 24, 1956 in Shropshire, England) is a British politician who was the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. He was a Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of North Shropshire in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1997 general election and first entered the shadow cabinet in 2007. Alan Duncan Alan James Carter Duncan (born 31 March 1957) is an English politician and a former Minister of State in the Department for International Development. He was born in Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire. He is the Member of Parliament for the Rutland and Melton constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1992 general election. He is a member of the Conservative Party. He is openly gay and in a civil partnership with James Dunseath. Theresa May Theresa Mary, Lady May (née Brasier; born 1 October 1956) is a British politician and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2016 to 2019. She was born in Eastbourne, Sussex, and grew up in Oxfordshire. She is the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Maidenhead in the House of Commons. She was the Home Secretary in the David Cameron government. In 2018, she was elected as Commonwealth Chair-in-Office. On 12 December 2018, 48 Conservative MPs had submitted letters of no confidence to the Chairman of the 1922 Committee Sir Graham Brady, triggering a vote of no confidence. Despite this, May won the confidence vote after 200 MPs vowed support to her leadership. On 15 January 2019 after her Brexit proposal failed in the House of Commons by a 432 to 202 vote, Opposition Leader Jeremy Corbyn filled a motion of no confidence in her ministry, which failed in a 325 to 306 vote. In March 2019, May said she would resign as Prime Minister if Parliament passed her Brexit deal, to make way for a new leader in the second phase of Brexit. On 24 May 2019, she announced that her resignation as party leader would take effect on 7 June and she would leave her position as Prime Minister when her replacement is selected. She was replaced by Boris Johnson. Early life. May was born on 1 October 1956 at Maternity Home in 9 Upperton Road in Eastbourne, Sussex. May is the only child of Zaidee Mary (née Barnes; 1928–1982) and Hubert Brasier (1917–1981). Her father was a Church of England clergyman. May was educated at Oxfordshire primary and grammar schools in the State sector, and graduated the University of Oxford in 1977. Early career. From 1977 and 1983 May worked at the Bank of England, and from 1985 to 1997 as a financial consultant and senior advisor in International Affairs at the Association for Payment Clearing Services. May's parents died during this period, her father in a car accident in 1981 and her mother of multiple sclerosis a year later. May served as a councillor for the London Borough of Merton from 1986 to 1994, where she was Chairman of Education (1988–90) and Deputy Group Leader and Housing Spokesman (1992–94). Early political work. She first became a Conservative Party MP at the 1997 general election and was promoted to the shadow cabinet in 1999. She held several positions in the shadow cabinet, including Chairman of the Conservative Party (July 2002-November 2003) and Shadow Leader of the House of Commons (December 2005-January 2009). Home Secretary (2010-2016). She became the Home Secretary and Minister for Women and Equality on 12 May 2010. In December 2010, May declared that deployment of water cannon by police forces in mainland Britain was an operational decision which had been "resisted until now by senior police officers." She rejected their use following the widespread rioting in Summer 2011. In 2010, May promised to bring the level of net migration down to less than 100,000. In February 2015, "The Independent" reported, "The Office for National Statistics (ONS) announced a net flow of 298,000 migrants to the UK in the 12 months to September 2014—up from 210,000 in the previous year." At the Conservative Party Conference on 4 October 2011, while arguing that the Human Rights Act needed to be amended, May gave the example of a foreign national who the Courts ruled was allowed to remain in the UK, "because—and I am not making this up—he had a pet cat". In May 2012, she said she supported same-sex marriage. She recorded a video for the Out4Marriage campaign. In July 2013, May decided to ban the stimulant khat, against the advice of the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD). The council said that there was "insufficient evidence" it caused health problems. Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2016-19). 2016 Conservative Party leadership election. May was a candidate in the upcoming election for leadership of the Conservative Party. May described herself as a candidate who will unify the party after a 'divisive' referendum (Brexit). She won the first ballot on 5 July 2016 by a large margin with 50% of the votes. On 7 July, May won the votes of 199 MPs, facing the vote of Conservative Party members in a contest with Andrea Leadsom. Leadsom's withdrawal from the contest on 11 July led to May being set to be appointed party leader and hence, Prime Minister, an office she assumed on 13 July 2016. Early days. After being appointed by the Queen on 13 July 2016, May became the United Kingdom's second female Prime Minister, after Margaret Thatcher. She is the first female Prime minister of the 21st century. May told the media on 12 July 2016 that she was "honoured and humbled" to be the party leader and to become prime minister. Responding to some calls for a general election (reported by the news media) to confirm her mandate, "sources close to Mrs May" said there would be no such election according to the BBC. A big issue May had to tackle during her premiership is Brexit, after Britain voted to leave the European Union. May has led talks with the European Union to plan how the split will happen. May has also dealt with the war in Iraq and Syria. She has used Britain's military to fight ISIS in both countries. British troops have been in the Battle of Mosul, helping Iraq's military and the Kurdish forces. General election, 2017. On 18 April 2017 Theresa May surprised people by saying she wanted to have a snap general election on 8 June . The next day the House of Commons voted in favour of holding the general election in June. At the start of the campaign the Conservatives had a large lead in the polls. As the campaign went on, the Labour Party gained more support and started to rise in the polls. On the day of the election the Conservatives did worse than expected and May lost her majority in the House of Commons. Vote of no confidence. On 12 December 2018, the chairman of the 1922 committee received enough formal request letters to warrant what some Westminster system countries call a Leadership spill, which was promptly scheduled for the following evening. Many say this is because of the Brexit deal and the way May is handling the deal. Before the vote, May said later that day that she would not lead her party in the next general election. May would go on to win the confidence vote. Brexit defeat. On 15 January 2019 Theresa May's government was defeated in the house of commons by a majority of 203 in a vote on her deal to leave the European Union. This is the largest majority against a United Kingdom government ever. Resignation. On 24 May 2019, May announced that she would resign as Conservative Party leader effective on 7 June and that she will remain as Prime Minister until her replacement is picked. In the 2019 General Election she was re-elected in her Maidenhead constituency. Personal life. She married Philip John May on 6 September 1980. She has no children. In 2013, she was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes. May is a member of the Church of England and regularly worships at church on Sunday. Francis Maude Francis Anthony Aylmer Maude (born 4 July 1953) is an English politician and the current Minister for the Cabinet Office and Paymaster General. He is the Member of Parliament for the Horsham constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1983 general election for the North Warwickshire constituency but lost in 1992. He returned to parliament in the 1997 general election. Maude was born in Abingdon-on-Thames, Berkshire. He is a member of the Conservative Party. Jeremy Hunt Jeremy Richard Streynsham Hunt (born November 1, 1966) is an English politician who is currently Chancellor of the Exchequer since 14 October 2022. He was born in Kennington, London. He is the Member of Parliament for South West Surrey was the Secretary of State for Health from 2012 - 2018. He was first elected in the 2005 general election. In July 2018 Hunt became the Foreign Secretary after Boris Johnson resigned from the government. He gained a Bachelor of Arts degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics from Magdalen College, Oxford. He is a member of the Conservative Party. He was appointed as a Privy Counsellor on 13 May 2010. On 24 May 2019, Hunt announced his campaign to run for Leader of the Conservative Party in the 2019 election. On 20 June, Hunt and Boris Johnson became the final two candidates in the contest. He lost the election to Johnson on 22 July. He later quit as Foreign Secretary. In July 2022, Hunt announced his second candidacy for Conservative Party leader in the leadership race to replace Boris Johnson. He was eliminated from the election in the first round of voting on 13 July. In October 2022, Prime Minister Liz Truss named Hunt as Chancellor of the Exchequer, replacing Kwasi Kwarteng. Eric Pickles Eric Jack Pickles (born 20 April 1952 in Keighley, West Riding of Yorkshire, England) is a British politician and was Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government in the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government. He is the Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Brentwood and Ongar in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1992 general election and entered the Shadow Cabinet in 2007. He was the Chairman of the Conservative Party from January 2009 to May 2010, when he was replaced by Sayeeda Warsi, Baroness Warsi and was appointed the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government instead. Pickles is standing down at the 2017 general election. Peter Ainsworth Peter Michael Ainsworth (November 16, 1956 – April 6, 2021) was an English politician and was Shadow Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. He was the Member of Parliament for the East Surrey constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1992 general election, but decided not to stand for reelection in 2010. He was a member of the Conservative Party. Ainsworth died on April 6, 2021 at the age of 64. Chris Grayling Christopher Stephen Grayling (born 1 April 1962) is an English politician and former Secretary of State for Transportation. He is the Member of Parliament for the Epsom and Ewell constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 2001 general election. He is a member of the Conservative Party. Privy Council. He was appointed as a Privy Counsellor on 9 June 2010. Nick Herbert Nicholas Le Quesne Herbert (born April 7, 1963) is an English politician and the Member of Parliament for the Arundel and South Downs constituency. He was the current Shadow Justice Secretary, and is currently Minister of State for Police/Justice, with his time split between the Home Office and the Ministry of Justice. He is . He was first elected in the 2005 general election. He is a member of the Conservative Party. Theresa Villiers Theresa Anne Villiers (born March 5, 1968) is an English politician. In July 2019, she became Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs for the Boris Johnson ministry. She stopped doing this job in 2020. She was first elected in the 2005 general election. She is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Chipping Barnet and the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland . Villiers was the Minister of State for Transport from 2010 to 2012. She was appointed as a Privy Counsellor on 9 June 2010. She is a member of the Conservative Party. Andrew Lansley Andrew David Lansley (born 11 December 1956 in Hornchurch, Essex, England) is a British politician who was the Secretary of State for Health in the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government from 2010 - 2012. He was the Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) for the South Cambridgeshire constituency in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. He was first elected as an MP in the 1997 general election. He stepped down at the 2015 general election. He was made a Privy Counsellor on 13 May 2010. David Willetts David Linsay Willetts (born 9 March 1956) is an English politician. He was born in Birmingham. He is the current Minister of State for Universities and Science in the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. He is the Member of Parliament for the Havant constituency in the United Kingdom. He was first elected in the 1992 general election. He is a member of the Conservative Party. The law of heat conduction, also known as Fourier's law, means that the rate, in time, of heat transfer through a material is proportional to the negative gradient in the temperature and to the area at right angles, to that gradient, through which the heat is flowing: where: Thermal conductivity usually varies with temperature, but the variation can be small, over a significant range of temperatures, for some common materials. Judith Weir Judith Weir CBE (born 11 May 1954) is a British composer. She is well known for her theatre works, choral music, orchestral music and chamber music. Early life. Weir was born in Cambridge, England to Scottish parents. While she was still at school she trained with the composer John Tavener. She played the oboe in the National Youth Orchestra of Great Britain. She then studied at the University of Cambridge where her teacher was Robin Holloway. Career. Judith Weir’s music has harmonies which are very exciting and original. Her Christmas carol "Illuminare" has become very popular, but it is quite difficult and needs a good choir to pitch the notes of the dissonant chords. She often uses medieval history as inspiration for her music, as well as music from her native Scotland, e.g. piobaireachd, which is a kind of variation form using small intervals. Her music often tells stories. Her operas include "A Night at the Chinese Opera", "The Vanishing Bridegroom", "Blond Eckbert", and "Armida", an opera for television. From 1995 to 2000, she was the Artistic Director of the Spitalfields Festival in London. She has composed works for the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra. She has received many honours, including the CBE in 1995. Chorus Chorus can mean several things: Vassal A vassal during the feudalism of medieval Europe, was someone who had shared duties with a lord. Usually the vassal provided soldiers to the lord. The lord used his army of soldiers from all of his vassals to protect those vassals. The lord also gave him the piece of land that he held as a fief. By analogy the term "vassal" is used also for similar systems in other feudal societies. Western vassalage. The development of the "vassal", in a society that was increasingly organised around the concept of "lordship"– in French the "seigneur"– is one sign that Antiquity ended and the Early Middle Ages began. Lordship is the basic social institution as Tacitus described them in his book "Germania". The Roman West experienced them for the first time in the Migration Period. As the system developed in the seventh century, the vassals were gangs of freemen who subjected themselves, in some degree of formality, to the authority of a leader, from whom they could expect to be fed, clothed and armed. The quality of a vassal was only in his fighting ability and the strength of his loyalty. The etymology (where the word came from) of "vassal" is from a Celtic word "gwas" "boy" that meant a young male slave, with a Latinised form, "vassus" that appeared in Salic Law (Rouche 1987 p 429), like the way "knight" came from the from Old English word "cniht" and similar words in Frisian and Dutch, all meaning "lad" . Migration period The migration period, or barbarian invasions or Völkerwanderung, happened in AD 300–700 in Europe, at the end of ancient history and during the Early Middle Ages. The migrations included the Goths, Vandals, Franks, and other Germanic, Bulgar, and Slavic tribes. They may have been influenced by attacks of the Huns in the East and may also be connected to the Turkic migrations in Central Asia, overpopulation, or climate changes. The migration period also included groups of Angles, Saxons, Frisians, and some Jutes to Britain. Migrations would continue well into the Middle Ages, beyond 1000 AD, with successive waves of Slavs, Roma, Avars, Bulgars, Hungarians, Pechenegs, Cumans, and Tatars that changed the ethnic makeup of Eastern Europe. Western European historians, however, tend to stress the migrations that were most relevant to Western Europe. San Francisco Bay Area <ns>0</ns> <revision> <parentid>8447904</parentid> <timestamp>2022-09-27T00:29:40Z</timestamp> <contributor> <username>Jim.henderson</username> </contributor> <comment>/* San Francisco */ Urban sprawl link</comment> <model>wikitext</model> <format>text/x-wiki</format> The San Francisco Bay Area, also known as the Bay Area, is a metropolitan area that goes around the San Francisco Bay in Northern California. It includes the cities of San Francisco, San José, and Oakland, and their many suburbs. It also includes the smaller urban and rural areas of the North Bay. Over seven million people live in the San Francisco Bay Area. The San Francisco Bay Area is the 43rd largest metropolitan area in the world in population. The Bay Area includes cities, towns, military bases, airports, and related regional, state, and national parks. San José is the largest city in the Bay Area since 1990 and the tenth largest city in America. But for most of its history, San Francisco was the city with the most people. San Francisco is still the city people pay the most attention to, and it is the major cultural center in the region. Bay Area Rapid Transit connects the different parts of the Bay Area. Subregions. North Bay. The region north of the Golden Gate Bridge is known locally as the North Bay. This area includes Marin County and continues north into Sonoma and Napa counties and east to Solano County. With some exceptions, this region is quite rich: Marin County is listed as the richest in the nation. San Francisco. The City and County of San Francisco is generally placed in a category by itself in terms of geography and culture. It is separated by water from the north, west and east, and by a county line from its neighbors to the South. San Francisco has been the cultural, financial and urban center of the region for a long time. For most of the Bay Area's history, it has also been the main population center. But because the size of the county is limited, the growth of the city was limited as well. The resulting urban sprawl has given other cities and counties more population growth. Peninsula. The area between the South Bay and the City and County of San Francisco is the San Francisco Peninsula, known locally as "The Peninsula". This area includes many small cities and suburban communities in San Mateo County and the northwestern part of Santa Clara County, as well as several towns along the Pacific coast, such as Pacifica and Half Moon Bay. East Bay. The eastern side of the bay, consisting of Alameda and Contra Costa counties, is known locally as the East Bay. The East Bay is split into two regions, the inner East Bay, which is on the coast of the Bay, and the outer East Bay, including the inland valleys separated from the inner East Bay by hills and mountains. South Bay. The communities along the southern edge of the Bay are known as the South Bay, Santa Clara Valley, and Silicon Valley. This region is home to a large number of major technology companies. Some tech companies in the South Bay are Intel, AMD, Cisco Systems, Hewlett-Packard, Apple, Google, and Yahoo!, Microsoft and much much more. The San Francisco Bay Area is one of the richest regions in the United States. San Francisco Bay San Francisco Bay is a shallow bay in northern California, along the Pacific Ocean. It is an estuary because salt water from the ocean mixes with fresh water from rivers, especially the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers. These rivers carry water from the Sierra Nevada mountains through the Central Valley. Water from about forty percent of California enters the bay. The Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers enter the Suisun Bay. There water flows through the Carquinez Strait to meet with the Napa River at the entrance to San Pablo Bay. This connects at its south end to the San Francisco Bay. The San Francisco Bay is connected to the Pacific by a strait called the Golden Gate. However, this entire group of interconnected bays is often called "the San Francisco Bay". San Francisco Bay lies in the US state of California and is surrounded by a region known as the San Francisco Bay Area, that includes the big cities of San Francisco, Oakland, and San Jose. The Bay covers somewhere between 400 and 1,600 square miles (1,040 to 4,160 square kilometres), depending on which sub-bays (such as San Pablo Bay), estuaries, wetlands, and so on are included in the measurement. Ahmed Yassin Ahmed Yassin (January 1, 1937 – March 22, 2004) was a spiritual leader of the militant Palestinian group Hamas. Yassin's birth date is in dispute. He claimed he was born 1/1/1938, however, his passport indicated 1/1/1937. To some he was a hero, to some he was a notorious member of a terrorist organization. He was also a symbolic figure for Palestinians to fight against Israel. Yassin was born in al-Jura, British Mandate of Palestine. He helped create Hamas and became its spiritual leader in 1987. To other members of Hamas he was a hero but he was blamed by the Israeli government for planning suicide bombings and other attacks against Israel. He claimed that was the only way of fighting occupation. He was confined to a wheelchair because he was paralyzed since age 12, he was also nearly blind and could barely hear. He was very powerful and influential. He was assassinated in an airstrike in Gaza City by the Israeli Army after he left a mosque in Gaza in the early morning hours. Field strength In physics, the field strength of a field is the magnitude (size) of its (vector) value. This means that the force exerted by the field on a given object is proportional to the field strength. In differential geometry, the field strength is another name for the curvature form. For the electromagnetic field, the curvature form is an antisymmetric matrix whose elements are the electric field and magnetic field: the electromagnetic tensor. In radio engineering, field strength is the strength of radio waves in a particular location. Field (physics) In physics, a field means that a physical quantity is assigned to every point in space (or, more generally, spacetime). A field is seen as extending throughout a large region of space so that it influences everything. The strength of a field usually varies over a region. Michael Faraday became the first to coin the term "field", in 1849. For some fields, there is a number for each point in space. They are called "scalar fields". For more complicated fields, there are more than one number for each point in space. They are called "vector fields" or "tensor fields". For example, one can model a gravitational field by a vector field where a vector indicates the acceleration a mass would experience at each point in space. Other examples are temperature fields or air pressure fields, which are often illustrated on weather reports by isotherms and isobars by joining up the points of equal temperature or pressure respectively. Types of fields. Quantum fields. It is now believed that quantum mechanics should underlie all physical phenomena. Field theory. A field theory is a physical theory that describes how one or more physical fields interact with matter. Gradient In vector calculus, the gradient of a multivariate function measures how steep a curve is. On a graph of the function, it is the slope of the tangent of that curve. More generally, it is a vector that points in the direction in which the function grows the fastest. Its coordinates are partial derivatives of that function. The gradient of a function "f" is often written as formula_1 or formula_2. Trigonometric function In mathematics, the trigonometric functions are a set of functions which relate angles to the sides of a right triangle. There are many trigonometric functions, the 3 most common being sine, cosine, tangent, followed by cotangent, secant and cosecant. The last three are called reciprocal trigonometric functions, because they act as the reciprocals of other functions. Secant and cosecant are rarely used. Definition. The trigonometric functions sometimes are also called circular functions. They are functions of an angle; they are important when studying triangles, among many other applications. Trigonometric functions are commonly defined as ratios of two sides of a right triangle containing the angle, and can equivalently be defined as the lengths of various line segments from a unit circle (a circle with radius of one). Right triangle definitions. In order to define the trigonometric functions for the angle "A", start with a right triangle that contains the angle "A": We use the following names for the sides of the triangle: All triangles are taken to exist in Euclidean geometry, so that the inside angles of each triangle sum to π radians (or 180°); therefore, for a right triangle, the two non-right angles are between zero and π/2 radians. Notice that strictly speaking, the following definitions only define the trigonometric functions for angles in this range. We extend them to the full set of real arguments by using the unit circle, or by requiring certain symmetries and that they be periodic functions. 1) The sine of an angle is the ratio of the length of the opposite side to the length of the hypotenuse. In our case Note that since all those triangles are similar, this ratio does not depend on the particular right triangle that is chosen, as long as it contains the angle "A". The set of zeroes of sine (that is, the values of formula_2 for which formula_3) is 2) The cosine of an angle is the ratio of the length of the adjacent side to the length of the hypotenuse. In our case The set of zeroes of cosine is 3) The tangent of an angle is the ratio of the length of the opposite side to the length of the adjacent side. In our case The set of zeroes of tangent is This is the same set as that of the sine function, since The remaining three functions are best defined using the above three functions. 4) The cosecant csc("A") is the multiplicative inverse of sin("A"); it is the ratio of the length of the hypotenuse to the length of the opposite side: 5) The secant sec("A") is the multiplicative inverse of cos("A"); it is the ratio of the length of the hypotenuse to the length of the adjacent side: 6) The cotangent cot("A") is the multiplicative inverse of tan("A"); it is the ratio of the length of the adjacent side to the length of the opposite side: Definitions by power series. One can also define the trigonometric functions by using power series: and define tangent, cotangent, secant and cosecant using identities, see below. Identities. Some important identities: Hyperbolic functions. The hyperbolic functions are like the trigonometric functions, in that they have very similar properties. Each of six trigonometric functions has a corresponding hyperbolic form. They are defined in terms of the exponential function, which is based on the constant "e". Gradient (disambiguation) Gradient could mean: Archer An archer is someone who practices archery (shooting with bows and arrows). Archer can also mean: Archery Archery is the practice of using a bow to shoot arrows. Archery has historically been used in hunting and combat and has become a precision sport. A person practicing archery is called an "archer", and one who enjoys or is an expert at archery is sometimes called an toxophilite. History. The earliest evidence of archery dates back more than 9,000 years. The bow probably was used in hunting first and later adopted as a tool of warfare. It was one of the earliest forms of artillery. Classical civilizations, notably the Persians, Macedonians, Nubians, Greeks, Parthians, Indians, Japanese, Chinese, and Koreans, had large numbers of archers in their armies. Archers in chariots were especially important in armies of ancient Egypt. Arrows were very destructive against massed formations, and the use of archers helped win battles. One of the primary sub-genres of archery is mounted archery. Japanese Samurai, North American tribes, Turkish nomadic groups, Persian armies and more honed the skill of hunting and warfare through mounted archery. The army of the Mongol Empire was mostly archers on horseback. Though archery fell out of practical use, it never fully went away as a sport. As early as the 1480s in Britain, societies like the Ancient Society of Kilwinning Archers were having archery competitions. John Cena John Felix Anthony Cena Jr. (born April 23, 1977) is an American professional wrestler, singer, rapper and actor. He currently works for the WWE. Cena has won the WWE Championship/WWE World Heavyweight Championship thirteen times, the World Heavyweight Championship thrice, the United States Championship five times and the World Tag Team Championship twice. Also, Cena won the Royal Rumble in 2008 and 2013. As for his musical career, Cena has released an album called "You Can't See Me". Cena has also been featured in the movies "The Marine", "12 Rounds" and "Legendary". He starred as Peacemaker in the 2021 movie "The Suicide Squad" and his own television series for HBO Max. His most famous catchphrase is "You Can't See Me" which has become a very well-known meme in Western Society. In Baseball, he is a Red Sox fan turned Rays fan. Career. World Wrestling Entertainment (2001-present). Cena was signed by then Person in charge of Talent Relations, Jim Ross on behalf on WWF. According to Ross, when he returned to Connecticut after signing Cena he walked into Vince McMahon's office and told him "I just signed your main event for WrestleMania in 5 years." Cena would eventually make his WrestleMania debut 3 years later at WrestleMania XX winning the WWE United States Championship from The Big Show, and his Main event WrestleMania debut 4 years later winning the WWE Championship, from John "Bradshaw" Layfield. During the match between Barrett and Orton, Orton won so Cena was forced to retire. He was rehired by Wade Barrett and defeated him at TLC: Tables, Ladders and Chairs Pay Per View. He was drafted to SmackDown as the first pick in the 2011 WWE Draft, but before the end of the night, he was drafted back to Raw. He was defeated by The Rock at WrestleMania XXVIII. He won his second Royal Rumble in January 2013. Thus he got another match at WrestleMania XXIX against The Rock for WWE Championship. He won that match and became the WWE Champion. He retired the next night on Raw after getting defeated by the debuting Dominik Mysterio, the son of professional wrestler Rey Mysterio. He was inducted in the 1938 WWE Hall of Fame. Signal transduction A signal transduction in biology is a cellular mechanism. It converts a stimulus into a response in the cell. There are two stages in this process: So, signal transduction starts with a signal to a cell receptor, and ends with a change in cell function. In either step, the signal can be amplified. Thus, one signalling molecule can cause many responses. Receptors are in the cell membrane, with part of the receptor outside and part inside the cell.  The chemical signal binds to the outer portion of the receptor, changing its shape. This causes another signal inside the cell.  Some chemical messengers, such as testosterone, can pass through the cell membrane, and bind directly to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus. Sometimes there is a cascade of signals within the cell. With each step of the cascade, the signal can be amplified, so a small signal can result in a large response. Eventually, the signal creates a change in the cell, either in the expression of the DNA in the nucleus or in the activity of enzymes in the cytoplasm. Most often, ordered sequences of biochemical reactions inside the cell are involved. These are carried out by enzymes and linked through second messengers. So a "second messenger pathway" is produced. These things usually happen quickly, sometimes very quickly. They may last from milliseconds (in the case of ion flux) to days for gene expression. The number of proteins and other molecules that take part increases during the process. So a 'signal cascade' develops and "a relatively small stimulus may cause a large response". In bacteria and other single-cell organisms, the transduction processes a cell has limits the number of ways it can respond to its environment. In multicellular organisms, lots of different signal transduction processes are used to coordinate the behavior of individual cells. By this means the function of the organism as a whole is organized. The more complex the organism, the more complex the repertoire of signal transduction processes the organism must possess. Thus, sensing of both the external and internal environment at the cellular level, relies on signal transduction. Many disease processes such as diabetes, heart disease, autoimmunity and cancer arise from defects in signal transduction pathways. This highlights the critical importance of signal transduction to biology and medicine. These systems of communication between cells are extremely ancient, and are found in all metazoa. Flux Flux is a term in physics and mathematics. It is broadly defined as "How much stuff goes through a thing" (or into an area). The word "flux" is similar to "flow". For instance, imagine a butterfly net. The amount of air passing through the net is the flux. Movement of substances. In the study of transport phenomena (heat transfer, mass transfer and fluid dynamics), flux is defined as flow per unit area, where flow is the movement of some quantity per time. Flux, in this definition, is a vector. There are many fluxes used in the study of transport phenomena. Each type of flux has its own distinct unit of measurement along with distinct physical constants. Six of the most common forms of flux from the transport literature are defined as: Electromagnetism. In the field of electromagnetism, flux is usually the integral of a vector quantity over a finite surface. The result of this integration is a scalar quantity. The magnetic flux is thus the integral of the magnetic vector field over a surface, and the electric flux is defined similarly. Using this definition, the flux of the Poynting vector over a specified surface is the rate at which electromagnetic energy flows through that surface. Confusingly, the Poynting vector is sometimes called the "power flux", which is an example of the first usage of flux, above. It has units of watts per square metre (W/m2). Flux (disambiguation) Flux comes from Latin and means "flow"; it may mean: Neuroscience Neuroscience (or neurobiology) is the scientific study of the nervous system. It is the branch of biology which investigates every aspect of the brain and nervous system. The nervous system is made of billions of neurons connected together and to other systems in the body. The central nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord and retina. It is connected to the rest of the body via the peripheral nervous system. Research themes. Neuroscience research focusses on a set of themes and questions. Conversation analysis Conversation analysis (commonly abbreviated as CA) is the study of talk in social interaction. CA tries to describe the structure and patterns of interaction, whether this is institutional (in the school, doctor's surgery, courts or elsewhere) or casual conversation. The term “conversation” to label this disciplinary movement is misleading if read in a colloquial sense, as many have. Mark-Anthony Turnage Mark-Anthony Turnage (born Grays, Essex, 10 June 1960) is an English composer. He is one of the most original composers in his country today. Turnage studied at the Royal College of Music and won all the major prizes. He became famous when he wrote an opera called "Greek". It is typical of his musical style: quite lyrical but also very dramatic and aggressive. His music is often inspired by jazz. Other works include "Kai", "Rockaby", "Blood on the Floor", "Dispelling the Fears", "Drowned Out" and "Three Screaming Popes". He has written music for the English National Opera, City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. Hydrothermal vent A hydrothermal vent is an opening in the seabed of the Earth by which geothermal energy escapes. Sea water enters, becomes very hot, and rises. The hottest ones carry many black chemicals, and are called black smokers. Scientists have found fewer white smokers. Heat escapes from underground in many places. If they are on land, they are usually hot springs, geysers, or fumaroles. Many archaea and bacteria live near hydrothermal vents. They support giant tube worms, clams and shrimp, and many other eukaryotes. The earliest known life forms are thought to have lived near such vents. Biological communities. Deep sea organisms have no access to sunlight, so they must depend on nutrients in the chemical deposits and hydrothermal fluids in which they live. Despite this, hydrothermal vent zones have more than 10,000 to 100,000 times as much life as the rest of the seafloor. Hydrothermal vent communities are able to sustain such vast amounts of life because vent organisms depend on chemosynthetic bacteria for food, as opposed to the photosynthetic plants other ecosystems use. These bacteria use sulfur compounds, particularly hydrogen sulfide, a chemical highly toxic to most other organisms, to produce organic material through the process of chemosynthesis. The chemosynthetic bacteria grow into a thick mat which attracts other organisms such as amphipods and copepods which graze upon the bacteria directly. Larger organisms such as snails, shrimp, crabs, giant tube worms, fish, and octopus form a food chain of predator and prey relationships above the primary consumers. The main groups of organisms around seafloor vents are worms, gastropods, and crustaceans, with large bivalves, and 'eyeless' shrimp making up the bulk of non-microbial organisms. Tube worms form an important part of the community around a hydrothermal vent. They absorb nutrients directly into their tissues. There are approximately 285 billion bacteria per ounce of tubeworm tissue. Tubeworms have red plumes which contain haemoglobin. Haemoglobin combines hydrogen sulfide and transfers it to the bacteria living inside the worm. In return the bacteria nourish the worm with carbon compounds. Other examples of the unique fauna who inhabit this ecosystem are the gastropod "Crysomallon squamiferum", a species of snail with a foot reinforced by scales made of iron and organic materials, and the 'Pompeii Worm' "Alvinella pompejana", which is capable of withstanding temperatures up to 80°C (176°F). Over 300 new species have been discovered at hydrothermal vents, many of them "sister species" to others in geographically separated vent areas. It has been proposed that before the North American plate overrode the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, there was a single biogeographic vent region found in the eastern Pacific. The subsequent barrier to travel began the evolutionary divergence of species in different locations. The examples of convergent evolution seen between distinct hydrothermal vents is seen as major support for the theory of natural selection and evolution as a whole. Scientists have found bacteria that use photosynthesis in a black smoker off the coast of Mexico at a depth of . No sunlight penetrates that far into the waters. Instead, the bacteria, part of the Chlorobiaceae family, uses the faint glow from the black smoker. This is the first organism discovered in nature to exclusively use a light other than sunlight for photosynthesis. Guava Guavas are plants in the genus "Psidium" of the family Myrtaceae. There are about 100 species of tropical shrubs and small trees in the genus. They are native to Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America and the northern part of South America. Now they are found in all the tropical, and in some subtropical, regions because they are edible fruits. Guava are also a kind of berry fruit on those plants. There are many kinds of guavas. The most common guava is the apple guava ("Psidium guajava"): it is so common that the word 'guava' usually refers to this species. Red guavas are called maroonguava. In 100 g of guava are 200 mg of vitamin C, which means that guavas have five times more vitamin C than oranges. Resting potential The resting potential of a cell is the membrane potential that would be maintained if there were no action potentials, synaptic potentials, or other active changes in the membrane potential. In most cells the resting potential has a negative value, which by convention means that there is excess negative charge inside compared to outside. The resting potential is mostly determined by the concentrations of the ions in the fluids on both sides of the cell membrane and the ion transport proteins that are in the cell membrane. How the concentrations of ions and the membrane transport proteins influence the value of the resting potential is outlined below. Thrust Thrust is a force or a push. When a system pushes or accelerates mass in one direction, there is a thrust (force) just as large in the opposite direction. In math and physics, this is described by Isaac Newton’s second and third laws. Thrust is used to describe how strongly an engine pushes. It can be used for many kinds of vehicles and engines such as rockets, motorboats, propellers, and jet engines. Thrust is measured in “pounds of thrust” in the U.S. and in newtons in the metric system. 4.45 newtons of thrust equals 1 pound of thrust. A pound of thrust is how much thrust it would take to keep a one-pound object unmoving against the force of gravity on earth. Thrust compared to power. A very common question is how to compare the thrust number of an airplane engine with the mechanical power of a piston engine (the kind of engine in cars and in many airplanes with propellers). It is hard to compare these two. This is because they are not measuring the same exact thing. A piston engine does not move the plane. It just turns the propeller, which moves the plane. Because of this, piston engines are rated by how much power they give to the propeller. However, a jet engine has no propeller – it pushes the aircraft by moving hot air behind it. A useful way to measure the power of a jet engine is to how much power the jet engine gives to the aircraft through its thrust force. This is called the “propulsive power of the jet engine." Power is how much force it takes to move something over a distance, divided by the time it takes to move that distance: Where P is power, F is force, d is distance, and t is time. For a rocket or jet engine, the force is the same as thrust produced by the engine. Distance divided by time is also called speed. So power is the same as thrust times speed Where T is thrust and "v" is speed. This is the power being delivered by the engine at a certain thrust or velocity. The propulsive power of a jet engine increases with its speed. Thrust compared to weight. When the thrust of a rocket or an engine is compared to the weight, it is called the Thrust-to-weight ratio. The number that comes from this comparison does not have any units, because it is a ratio. A ratio in this case means that the thrust of the engine (in Newtons) is divided by the weight (in Newtons). The purpose of this comparison is to show how well the engine or vehicle performs, for example how much acceleration. It is a number that can be used to compare various types of motors like airplane motors, jet engines, rocket engines, or car engines. This comparison number can change while the engine is running. This is because the weight of the engine gets lighter as fuel is used. The thrust-to-weight ratio is used to actually compare engines is the number found when the engine is first running. Thrust is measured in “pounds of thrust” in the U.S. and in Newtons in the metric system. 4.45 Newtons of thrust equals 1 pound of thrust. A pound of thrust is how much thrust it would take to keep a one-pound object unmoving against the force of gravity on earth. Examples. An airplane makes forward thrust when air is pushed in the direction opposite to flight. The thrust is made by the spinning blades of a propeller. Thrust can also be made by a rotating fan pushing air out from the back of a jet engine. Another way is by ejecting hot gases from a rocket engine. Reverse thrust is the opposite of forward thrust. In this way air is pushed in the same way as the motion of the body. Reverse thrust can be used to help braking after landing. This can be done by redirecting the thrust in a turbofan or jet engine or by changing the blade angle of a propeller driven aircraft. Birds normally achieve thrust during flight by flapping their wings. A boat with a motor makes thrust or reverse thrust when the propellers are turned to push water backwards (or forwards). The thrust that this makes pushes the boat in the opposite direction than the water is being pushed. A rocket is pushed forward by a thrust force as large as the force the exhaust gas makes when going out of the rocket nozzle. The force the exhaust gas makes is called the exhaust velocity. The velocity is measured compared to the rocket. For vertical launch of a rocket to work, the starting thrust must be more force than the weight of the rocket. Thrust (disambiguation) Thrust is a reaction force described by Newton's Second and Third Law. For this meaning, see Thrust. This word has other uses: Robert A. Heinlein Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was an American writer. He mostly wrote science fiction books. He won the Hugo Award four times. Probably his best-known novels are Starship Troopers (1959, Hugo Award, was made into a film), and Stranger in a Strange Land (1961, Hugo Award). Two other Hugo awards were for Double Star (1956) and The Moon is a Harsh Mistress (1966). Together with Isaac Asimov and Arthur C. Clarke he is seen as one of the "Big Three of Science Fiction". List of video game genres There are many computer and video game genres. Here is a list of some of the common ones. Fable A fable is a type of story which shows something in life or has a meaning to a word. A fable teaches a lesson or suggests a moral from it. A fable starts in the middle of the story, that means, jumps into the main event without detailed introduction of characters. The characters of a fable may be animals, plants and legendary creatures. When animals are used in fables, they think and talk like people, even though they act like animals. For example, in a fable a clay pot might say that it is frightened of being broken. The stories told by fables are usually very simple. To understand a fable, the reader or listener does not need to know all about the characters, only one important thing. For this reason animals are often used in fables in a way that is easily understood because it is always the same. They keep the same "characteristics" from story to story. The most famous fables are those attributed to Aesop (6th century B.C.). Many fables are so well-known that their morals have become English sayings. For example: "Crying wolf" is another well-known English saying. This comes from "The Boy Who Cried Wolf". This fable is about a boy who was sent to mind the sheep. The boy got lonely while minding the sheep, so he shouted "Wolf! Wolf!" The people came running. The next day, he did it again and they were very angry. On the third day the boy saw a wolf. He cried "Wolf! Wolf!" but no one came and the wolf ate him. Drainage Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given area. Many agricultural soils need drainage to improve production or to manage water supplies. Early history. The earliest archaeological record of an advanced system of drainage comes from the Indus Valley Civilization from around 3100 BC in what is now Pakistan and North India. The ancient Indus systems of sewerage and drainage that were developed and used in cities throughout the civilization were far more advanced than any found in contemporary urban sites in the Middle East and even more efficient than those in some areas of modern Pakistan and India today. All houses in the major cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro had access to water and drainage facilities. Waste water was directed to covered drains, which lined the major streets. Reasons for artificial drainage. Wetland soils may need drainage to be used for agriculture. In the northern USA and Europe, glaciation created numerous small lakes which gradually filled with humus to make marshes. Some of these were drained using open ditches and trenches. The largest project of this type in the world has been in process for centuries in the Netherlands. The area between Amsterdam, Haarlem and Leiden was, in prehistoric times swampland and small lakes. Turf cutting (Peat mining), subsidence and shoreline erosion gradually caused the formation of one large lake, the Haarlemmermeer, or lake of Haarlem. The invention of wind powered pumping engines in the 15th century permitted drainage of some of the marginal land, but the final drainage of the lake had to await the design of large, steam powered pumps and agreements between regional authorities. The elimination of the lake occurred between 1849 and 1852, creating thousands of km2 of new land. Polder Empoldering is a method of reclaiming land from the sea or from inland lakes, and a way to control floods. Empoldering involves the use of a polder, a piece of land in a low-lying area that has been reclaimed from a body of water by building dikes and drainage canals. Although empoldering is usually carried out in low-lying coastal areas, it can also be dome in inland areas such as lakes and rivers. It is common in countries like the Netherlands, where much of the country is below sea level and subject to flooding. About one-fifth of the land in the Netherlands has been reclaimed from the sea. Their largest and most successful project is the Zuider Zee project. Polders have two distinct features. Firstly, they are enclosed by dikes to keep the water out. The dikes also serve to protect the polder from erosion. Secondly, polders are continually maintained by systems of drainage canals and pumps which prevent them from becoming waterlogged and hence, suitable for cultivation. Process. Stage 1: Dike constructed around the area to be reclaimed to keep water from coming in. Stage 2: The area is drained using pumps and drainage canals. Stage 3: "Reeds" (a type of salt tolerant plant) are sown by aircraft to help the soil form. Stage 4: After 3 years, reeds are burnt and the ash is used as fertilizers for the soil. Stage 5: After a period of up to 15 years, the polder is ready for growing crops, building houses and constructing roads. Limits of land reclamation. 1. Cost of reclaiming from deeper waters 2. Availability of sand 3. Dispute over territorial boundaries Resistor A resistor limits the electric current that flows through a circuit. Resistance is the restriction of current. In a resistor the energy of the electrons that pass through the resistor are changed to heat and/or light. For example, in a light bulb, the tungsten filament acts as a resistor that heats up because of the current going through it, causing it to glow. Series and parallel. Resistors can be linked in various combinations to help make a circuit: There are many different types of resistors. Resistors have different power ratings to tell engineers how much power they can handle before they break and how accurate their value is. Connecting two resistors in series results in a higher resistance, and connecting them in parallel makes a lower resistance. Nowadays the electrical industry in many cases uses so called surface-mount technology based resistors which can be very small. Calculating resistance. Where R is the resistor's value Ohm’s Law. The formula for Ohm’s law, V=I*R, states that the voltage drop across a component is equal to the product of the current flowing in the component multiplied by the resistance of the component. When using Ohm’s law, you are able to switch the formula around if needed to find a different outcome: I=V/R or R=V/I Color code. Resistor's values are rated by the colors that are painted on the resistor. The colored bands that are used on the sides of a resistor are black, brown, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, gray, and white. Each color represents a different number. The black band represents the number 0, brown band represents the number 1, red is 2 and so on all the way to white which is the number 9. These numbers are very important in the electronic field. A resistor has multiple bands of color on its side. The most common have four or five but they can range all the way up to 6 per resistor. On a four band resistor, the last band is usually gold or silver. The gold band represents a positive or negative 5% tolerance. The silver band on a resistor represents a positive or negative 10% tolerance. Hold this band on the right side, and read the colors from left to right. The first two bands are read as the numbers that they represent in the color code. The third band acts as a multiplier for the other bands, so for example, if the third band was an orange band which is a 3, it would mean you multiply the two numbers by 1000. In short you add the value of the color in zeros at the end, so add three zeros. Online calculators are available to calculate color codes. When the color codes are put into the calculator, it will automatically calculate the value of the resistor, along with the tolerance. Applications. Resistors are used in many different ways. First of all, they are put in circuits to protect components from damage such as LEDs. They also control the amount of current flowing in a circuit, for example, if you want less current to flow you would put in a resistor with a higher value. Resistors can also split voltage between different parts of a circuit and control time delay. Electric heaters use very large resistors to turn electricity into heat. Usually, engineers try to make resistors heat up as little as possible to not waste power, but in a heater, this "waste" is a good thing. You can also use resistors for soldering electronics. Resistor materials. There are many different types of resistors you can find. They are all made with a resistive material encased in a non-conductive material, such as plastic. Fixed resistors are usually made of carbon encased in a plastic cylinder, with a connecting wire on either end. Most resistors used in electronics today are carbon resistors. Older resistors were made of other poorly conducting metals, in order to restrict the flow of charge. Death Star The Death Star is a fictional moon-sized space station and superweapon. It was invented for the "Star Wars" movies. It was a huge spherical space station which fired a ray of energy which could destroy a planet. Origin and design. The details of the Death Star changed between different models during production of '. These changes include the position of the superlaser. The idea of the Death Star as a large, spherical space station was the same in all the models. The sound of the Death Star counting down until it fires comes from the "Flash Gordon" movies. Making a Death Star that was only partly built (but was still powerful) was a problem for Industrial Light & Magic's modelmakers for '. Only the front side of the 137-centimeter model was finished. The image was flipped horizontally for the final movie. Both Death Stars were created in the movies by using a full models, models of sections of the space station and matte paintings. Depiction. Movies. The first Death Star was shown in its finished form in "". It was commanded by Grand Moff Tarkin (Peter Cushing). The Death Star was the Galactic Empire's "ultimate weapon". The movie begins with Leia Organa (Carrie Fisher) attempting to take the station's plans to the Rebel Alliance, wanting to help them destroy the Death Star. Onboard her vessel, she was captured by an imperial ship and taken captive to the Death Star. There, Tarkin tries to make Leia reveal the location of the rebel base by threatening the use of the Death Star to destroy Leia's home world, Alderaan. She tells them a location but not the real one, but Tarkin has her planet destroyed anyway. Later, Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamill) and his small crew are also captured and taken to the station, escaping with Leia shortly after. In the movie's main battle scene, the force ghost of Obi-wan Kenobi tells Luke to use the "Force" to help him direct proton torpedoes from his x-wing into the Death Star' reactor core and not with his ship's targeting system. Luke obeys and successfully launches the torpedoes into the core. This ultimately resulted in the destruction of the battle station. "Return of the Jedi" takes place four years later. At this time, the Empire is building a new Death Star. It is half-finished in the movie. Darth Sidious (Ian McDiarmid) and Darth Vader (David Prowse/James Earl Jones) send the Rebels false information with the intention of trapping the Rebels, saying that the station's weapons systems are not fully functional. They also want to get Skywalker on board so they can turn him to the dark side of the Force. In the movie's climax, Vader throws Sidious down one of the station's reactor core, apparantly killing him. However, Sidious fires a large amount of sith lightning during this process and critically damages the electronics on Vader's suit that keeps him alive. Luke tries to get his father out of the battle station but he dies shortly after. Luke then takes Vader's body and leaves the Death Star just before it is destroyed by Lando Calrissian onboard the "Millennium Falcon." The first Death Star is also dealt with in the "Star Wars" prequel trilogy. Its schematics are shown in '. At the end of ', the Death Star is shown starting to be built. Doctor of Philosophy The Doctor of Philosophy, (PhD, Ph.D., DPhil or D.Phil.) is a degree a person gets from a university by finishing a doctorate program. In many areas of study, the PhD/DPhil is the highest degree that a person can earn (this is called the "terminal degree"). There are PhD/DPhil degrees for many different fields, such as PhDs/DPhils in literature, philosophy, history, science, mathematics, and engineering. Some PhD/DPhil degrees have existed for hundreds of years, such as the PhD/DPhil in Canon Law. Other PhD/DPhil degrees were developed in the 1970s and 1980s, such as the PhD/DPhil in Computer Science. Requirements for degree. To be admitted to a PhD/DPhil program, a person usually has to have completed their Bachelor's degree or master's degree that is related to the PhD/DPhil degree. For example, a person applying to be admitted to a PhD/DPhil degree in Theater would normally have to have a master's degree such as a Master of Arts (MA) degree in Theater, English Literature, or a related area. Elements of a PhD/DPhil degree. The PhD/DPhil degree usually takes between three and six years of full-time study to complete. They may or may not require a master's degree beforehand. Many PhD/DPhil degrees begin with a period of graduate courses. After the PhD/DPhil student has taken these courses, they take examinations to test what the student knows about their area of study. After the student passes the exams, they begin to do original research. The product is a long research report called a dissertation (or a "thesis"). Some PhD/DPhil degrees also require students to pass exams in languages (such as French, German, or other languages). Many PhD/DPhil students teach undergraduate students or assist professors with research during their PhD/DPhil studies. As a requirement for university teaching. Requirements for university teaching vary in different subjects and in different countries. A PhD/DPhil is necessary or usual to become a university professor in many fields, especially in science. However, many famous professors have not had higher degrees, though that is less common today. In some fields, there is no PhD/DPhil, and so another degree is required to become a university professor. For example, the highest degree in Fine Arts fields such as printmaking or graphic design is the Master of Fine Arts (MFA) degree. A person with an MFA degree can become a university professor in some Fine Arts fields. Global 200 The Global 200 is the list of ecoregions identified by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) as priorities for conservation. According to the WWF, an ecoregion is defined as a "relatively large unit of land or water containing a characteristic set of natural communities that share a large majority of their species, dynamics, and environmental conditions (Dinerstein et al. 1995, TNC 1997)." The WWF assigns a conservation status to each ecoregion in the Global 200: critical or endangered; vulnerable; and relatively stable or intact. Over half of the ecoregions in the Global 200 are rated endangered. Ecoregion An ecoregion (ecological region), sometimes called a bioregion, is the next smallest ecologically and geographically defined area beneath "realm" or "ecozone". Ecoregions cover relatively large area of land or water, and contain characteristic, geographically distinct natural communities and species. When defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), the boundaries of an ecoregion approximate the original extent of the natural communities prior to any major recent disruptions or changes. The WWF has identified 825 terrestrial ecoregions, and approximately 450 freshwater ecoregions across the Earth. World Wide Fund for Nature's full definition of an ecoregion, which is widely accepted and used, is the following: The "Global 200" is the list of ecoregions identified by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) as priorities for conservation. Terrestrial. A terrestrial ecoregion is a certain area of land which is different from the area near it. It has a distinct climate, geology, type of soil, water availability, and distinct living species (the animals and plants that live in the ecoregion). For example, one ecoregion can be a desert. It would have sand, very little water, very hot temperatures during the day and very cold at night. The plants could be just bushes, small trees, cactii. The animals could be scorpions, little mammals, spiders. Or for example, an ecoregion could be a tropical forest It would have warm temperatures all day, a lot of rainfall all year, a huge river crossing, and a very organic soil. The plants could be huge trees or ferns. The animals could be insects, birds, fish and apes. Marine. Marine ecoregions are regions of the world's oceans, that are defined by the WWF, to help activities for saving marine ecosystems. The scheme used to find out these ecoregions is more or less the same as that for terrestrial ecoregions. Major habitat types are identified: polar, temperate shelfs and seas, temperate upwelling, tropical upwelling, tropical coral, pelagic, abyssal, and hadal (ocean trench) — which correspond to the terrestrial biomes. Major biogeographic realms, analogous to the seven terrestrial ecozones, represent large regions of the ocean basins: North Temperate Atlantic, Eastern Tropical Atlantic, Western Tropical Atlantic, South Temperate Atlantic, North Temperate Indo-Pacific, Central Indo-Pacific, Eastern Indo-Pacific, Western Indo-Pacific, South Temperate Indo-Pacific, Southern Ocean, Antarctic, Arctic, and Mediterranean. The classification of Marine ecoregions is not developed to the same level of detail and comprehensiveness as that of the terrestrial ecoregions; only the priority conservation areas of the Global 200 are listed. See Global 200 Marine ecoregions for a full list of marine ecoregions (World Wide Fund for Nature). Freshwater. Freshwater ecoregions are the freshwater habitats of a particular geographic area, including rivers, streams, lakes, and wetlands. Freshwater ecoregions are distinct from terrestrial ecoregions, which have biotic communities of the land, and marine ecoregions, which are biotic communities of the oceans. The WWF speaks of seven major habitat types of freshwater ecoregions: Large rivers, large river headwaters, large river deltas, small rivers, large lakes, small lakes, and xeric basins. Several freshwater ecoregions are listed in the Global 200, the WWF's priority ecoregions for conservation of biodiversity. Wetland In physical geography, a wetland is an environment that combines the properties of land and water. Wetlands are a distinct kind of ecosystem. The combination of wet and dry areas means that many more different kinds of plants, animals and insects may live in a wetland than compared to other types of habitat. Because of this great biodiversity, several important wetlands are among the Global 200 ecoregions that the World Wide Fund for Nature listed for conservation to try to get people to protect them. As well, Ramsar Convention is adopted in 1971 for protection of wetland. Marsh In geography, a marsh is a type of wetland. It has grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants) in a context of shallow water. A marsh is different from a swamp, which has a greater proportion of open water surface, which is generally deeper than a marsh. In the US, the term 'swamp' is used for wetland dominated by trees rather than grasses and low herbs. The water of a marsh can be fresh, brackish or saline. Coastal marshes may be associated with estuaries and along waterways between coastal barrier islands and the inner coast. Estuarine marshes often are based on soils consisting of sandy bottoms or bay muds. Marshes are critically important wildlife habitat, often serving as breeding grounds for a wide variety of animal life. Ulan-Ude Ulan-Ude (Russian:Ула́н-Удэ́; Buryat: Улаан-Үдэ), formerly Verkhneudinsk (), the capital city of the Buryat Republic, Russia. The city is located about 100 km south-east of Lake Baikal. It sits at the foot of the Khamar-Daban and Khrebet Ulan-Burgasy mountain ranges, next to the confluence of the Selenga River and its tributary, the Uda. The city is divided into two parts by the Uda. Population 359,391 (2002 Census); 352,530 (1989 Census). It is the third largest city in East Siberia. It is served by Ulan-Ude Airport (Mukhino) as well as the smaller Ulan-Ude Vostochny Airport. Ulan-Ude was founded in 1666 by the Russian Cossacks. Due to its geographical position, the city grew rapidly and became a large trade centre which connected Russia with China and Mongolia. There are old merchants' mansions richly decorated with wood and stone carving in the historical center of Ulan-Ude, along the river banks. They represent beautiful examples of Russian classicism. There is also a large and highly unusual head of Lenin in the central square. Pelagic zone The pelagic zone is the open sea or ocean that is not near the coast. The name comes from the Greek πέλαγος ("pélagos"), which might be translated as "open sea". To make this clear, seas around continents have continental crust beneath them. They are shallow. Seas away from continents can be very deep, and do not have continental shelves beneath them. Sub-zones. The pelagic (or open ocean) zone is divided into a number of sub-zones: The last three zones are similar in character, and some marine biologists count them as a single zone or consider the latter two to be the one zone. Some define the hadopelagic as waters below 6000 meters, whether in a trench or not. Vitamin A Vitamin A is a vitamin, a group of organic chemicals including retinal and several carotenoids. The human body does not make these chemicals, and must take them from food. Egg yolks and liver are both rich in vitamin A. Many parts of the body need vitamin A. For example, vitamin A helps sight and is good for the immune system. It is also important for a growing embryo. β-carotene, a provitamin found in foods like carrots can be converted to vitamin A. The efficiency of the conversion depends on genetics and fat consumption. Too little vitamin A is dangerous to health. People who do not get enough of the vitamin may lose the ability to see in poor light and suffer from a weakened immune system. They may also have problems with memory, because vitamin A is important for the brain. People with malnutrition often have too little vitamin A. This is common in poor countries. Hypervitaminosis A. Too much vitamin A is also dangerous to one's health. It is a condition known as hypervitaminosis. Vitamin A is not soluble in water, and the human body can not get rid of the excess vitamin A easily by urination. Too much vitamin A can make someone very sick. People may get too much vitamin A from taking too many vitamin pills or from eating too much A-rich food like liver. What applies to humans applies to all mammals at least. Some large predators, such as the big cats, seem not to eat their preys' livers. On the other hand, polar bears apparently do so, and they store vitamin A in their liver cells. However, they have long, sometimes very long, periods between kills. In contrast, African big cats kill about every three or four days, and they do seem to avoid eating the preys' livers. Vitamin D Vitamin D is a hormone. It is a steroid which is made in the body under the right conditions. To make it, the body needs sunlight, which acts on the lower layers of the skin. However, if the body does not make enough, it can be found from food sources in tiny amounts. In fact, many countries add it automatically to certain foods like milk. Supplements can be easily found in most developed countries. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble nutrient. This means that any portion not used immediately is stored in fat tissue for future use. What it does. As a hormone, Vitamin D does many things in the body. It was first discovered as the substance which could prevent and cure rickets. It controls the levels of calcium ions and phosphates in the blood, as well as calcium and magnesium absorption in the intestines. It helps bones grow and form. It is also good for the immune system. Different kinds. In total, there are 5 different forms, D1 to D5. The most common ones are D2 and D3 (see images). D3 (also called cholecalciferol) is the kind produced by the body. It is also found naturally in marine oils and in lanolin (oil from sheep's wool), the most common source for supplements. D2 (also called ergocalciferol) is produced by fungi. It is similar to D3, but not exactly the same. Getting enough. D3 is made in the skin from cholesterol, and changed into a more active form by the liver. However, the skin will not make it unless enough ultraviolet light shines on it. As sunlight contains ultraviolet light, getting enough sun is one way of getting enough D3. Many things can keep the skin from making enough D3. Winter sunlight may be too weak. Melanin, which protects skin from damage, also keeps it from making D3, which is why people with darker skin are more prone to deficiency. Older people are also prone, because aging skin makes less D3, even with enough sunlight. Clothing, glass, sunscreens and sunblocks also shield the skin from getting enough ultraviolet light to make D3. It is hard to know how much supplemental Vitamin D, if any, is needed. Less than 25 micrograms (1000 IU) per day, but up to 100 mcg (4000 IU) per day is considered safe. A recent panel of Vitamin D researchers concluded that "at least" 20-25 mcg (800-1000 IU) per day would help most adults. Few foods naturally contain much D3. Fish do, especially oily ones, such as salmon, sardine and mackerel. Many kinds of edible mushrooms contain some D2, like shiitake. Mushrooms grown in full sunlight tend to have more. Biome In ecology, a biome is a major regional group of distinctive plant and animal communities best adapted to the region's physical natural environment, latitude, elevation, and terrain. A biome is made up of ecoregions or settlements at stable steady state and all associated transitional, disturbed, or degraded, vegetation, fauna and soils, but can often be identified by the climax vegetation type. The biodiversity characteristic of each biome, especially the diversity of fauna and subdominant plant forms, is a function of abiotic factors and the biomass productivity of the dominant vegetation. Terrestrial biomes with higher net primary productivity, moisture availability, and temperature. A fundamental classification of biomes is into: Biomes are often given local names. For example, a temperate grassland or shrubland biome is known commonly as "steppe" in central Asia, "savanna" or "field" in southern Africa, "prairie" in North America, "pampa" in South America and "outback" or "scrub" in Australia. Sometimes an entire biome may be targeted for protection, especially under an individual nation's "Biodiversity Action Plan". Terrestrial biomes. Climate is a major factor determining the distribution of terrestrial biomes. Among the important climatic factors are: Biodiversity generally increases away from the poles towards the equator, and increases with humidity. The most widely used systems of classifying biomes correspond to latitude (or temperature zoning) and humidity. Udvardy system. In 1975, Miklos Udvardy published a system of biogeographic provinces that were divided into 12 terrestrial biomes. Bailey system. Robert G. Bailey developed a biogeographical classification system for the United States in a map published in 1975. Bailey subsequently expanded the system to include the rest of North America in 1981, and the world in 1989. The Bailey system is based on climate, and is divided into four domains (Polar, Humid Temperate, Dry, and Humid Tropical), with further divisions based on other climate characteristics (subarctic, warm temperate, hot temperate, and subtropical, marine and continental, lowland and mountain). WWF system. A team of biologists developed an ecological land classification system for the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) that identified 14 biomes, called major habitat types, and further divided the world's land area into 867 terrestrial ecoregions. This classification is used to define the Global 200 list of ecoregions identified by the (WWF) as priorities for conservation. The WWF major habitat types are as follows: Other biomes. The Endolithic biome, consisting entirely of microscopic life in rock pores (small holes in rocks) and cracks, kilometers beneath the surface, has only recently been discovered and does not fit well into most classification schemes. Vitamin E Vitamin E (which is also called Tocopherol or Tocotrienol, E307, E308,E309) is a vitamin. There are eight forms of it, E1 to E8. It can be found in vegetable oils. Very often it is also added to lotions and creams for the skin. It is supposed to help the healing of the skin, after burns and injuries, and lower the risk of heart disease and cancer. Some research suggests that vitamin E has anti-aging benefits. Vitamin K Vitamin K is a vitamin which is soluble in fat. It is probably best known for its role in the coagulation (clotting) of blood. However, it also serves other important functions in the body. Vitamin K was discovered by a Danish chemist named Henrik Dam. He won the 1943 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering its key role in the coagulation of blood. Since that time, Vitamin K's role in other physiologic functions has become known. One of the most important is its role in controlling where calcium goes in the body. Without Vitamin K, there would be a loss of blood when a person bleeds, which can lead to unconsciousness or even death. Vitamin K can be found in green vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, broccoli or cabbage. B vitamins The B vitamin complex (also called B vitamins) are a group of 8 vitamins. They have an important job in the metabolism of cells. Each B vitamin is a cofactor (a coenzyme) for some key metabolic processes or it is a precursor needed to make one. Originally, people thought they were just different forms of one vitamin (as with Vitamin D, for example). Later it turned out that they are separate vitamins that often can be found together. They are Vitamin B1/Thiamine, Vitamin B2/Riboflavin, Vitamin B3/Vitamin P/Vitamin PP/Niacin,Vitamin B5/Pantothenic acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B7/Vitamin H/Biotin, Vitamin B9/Vitamin M/Vitamin B-c/Folate and Vitamin B12. They are required for growth, and proper functioning of nerves and muscles. B vitamins are found in meat, milk, whole grains and fresh vegetables. Vitamin B deficiencies have been shown to cause the following symptoms: Well-known medical syndromes caused by thiamine deficiency are beri-beri, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS), and optic neuropathy. Subarctic climate Places with a subarctic climate (also called boreal climate) have long, usually very cold winters, and short, warm summers. It is found on large landmasses, away from oceans, usually at latitudes from 50° to 70°N. Because there are no large landmasses at such latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, it is only found at high "altitudes "(heights) in the Andes and the mountains of Australia and New Zealand's South Island. These climates are in groups "Dfc", "Dwc", "Dfd" and "Dwd" in the Köppen climate classification This type of climate has very big changes in temperature throughout the year. In winter, temperatures can drop to -40 °C (also -40 °F) and in summer, the temperature may go above 30 °C (86 °F). But the summers are short, as there are no more than three months of the year with an average temperature of at least 10 °C (50 °F). However, at least one must have an average temperature of at least 10 °C (50 °F) . In addition, the coldest month must be below 0°C (32°F) The subarctic climate is in between the humid continental climate and the polar climate. The subarctic climate is found in the these places: With 5–7 months in a row where the average temperature is below freezing, all water in the soil and subsoil freezes several feet deep. In the colder parts of this climate, summer warmth is not enough to "thaw" (unfreeze) more than a few feet on the top of the soil, so there can be "permafrost"(soil that is frozen forever). When the ice melts in the summer, 2 to 14 ft (0.6 to 4 m) of soil can thaw, depending on the latitude and the type of soil. Some subarctic climates near oceans (such as southern Alaska and the northern edge of Europe), have milder winters and no permafrost, so it is easier to farm there. Summer is very short; it has about 45 to 100 days at most, and in a lot of places, the temperatures can go below freezing (32 °F or 0 °C) at any time of the year, even in the summer. Vegetation (plants) in a subarctic climate usually has low diversity (only a few different types of plants grow), because only "hardy" (very tough) species can survive the long winters and make use of the short summers. Trees are mostly evergreen conifers, because few "broadleaved" (big leaves) trees can survive the very low temperatures in winter. This type of forest is also known as taiga. The word "taiga" can also be a name for the climate itself. A lot of plants grow in the taiga (even if there are only a few different kinds of plants), so the taiga (boreal) forest is the largest forest biome on the planet, with most of the forests in Russia and Canada. Is it usually very hard to farm in subarctic climates, because the soil is "infertile" (it doesn't have the nutrients that many plants need to grow) and because of the many swamps and lakes that ice sheets make, and only very tough crops can survive the short growing seasons. On the plus side, the days last longer in the summer as you get closer to the poles. So the plants that can grow get a lot of sunlight. Potatoes, strawberries, blueberries and hay for animals grow well. Special varieties of other plants may grow as well. There is very little precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, or hail); no more than 15 to 20 inches over an entire year. Rain and snow may stay above ground until the ground melts. This means that when the precipitation does soak into the ground, it can be very wet and muddy. Close to the Earth's poles and the water around the poles, the warmest month has an average temperature of less than 10 °C (50 °F), and the subarctic climate turns into a tundra climate, which is even worse for trees. Here are some places with subarctic climates: Some places in the climate group "Dfd" (a very, very cold subarctic climate) are: ONS coding system The ONS coding system is a system used in the United Kingdom for dealing with census and other statistical data. It is used by the Office for National Statistics as a way to label each area of England and Wales. It is also used for parts of Northern Ireland. The system uses a code for the larger census areas, counties and districts. It then breaks those areas down into smaller areas within the larger areas. Each of the smaller areas get a code that is based on the larger area. Areas are divided in this way until they get to the smallest size used for census data. An area must have at least 40 households, but they try to not divide an area into a size smaller than 100 households. Michael Tippett Sir Michael Kemp Tippett OM CH CBE (2 January 1905 – 8 January 1998) was an English composer. He is one of the greatest and most original composers of the 20th century. His work was published for the first time when he was 30 years old, and only become famous when he was about 40. The rhythms in his music and the tonality are very original. He is remembered for many kinds of music: opera, oratorio, orchestral music, chamber music and piano music. His oratorio "A Child of our Time" is especially well-known and often performed by choirs. His life. Tippett was born in Eastcote, Middlesex and spent his childhood in a small village in Suffolk. His father had retired and had bought a hotel in Cannes, France. Michael and his brother learned to speak French when they were very young. He was sent to school in Edinburgh when he was 13 but did not like it there so he went to the local Stamford Grammar School in Lincolnshire. The only musical training he had as a child were his piano lessons. When he had finished his school years he decided he wanted to be a composer, but neither he nor his parents knew the best way to become a composer. He started having more piano lessons. Then someone said he should go to the Royal College of Music. He went there at the beginning of the summer term, 1923 and spent five years there studying music. He then moved to Oxted in Surrey and for six years he taught French at a school. He composed in his free time. In Oxted there was a small choir. Tippett had sung with them while he was a student. Now he became their conductor and he learned a lot about music by getting the choir to sing English madrigals and other music including operatic music. He took some more lessons in composition from R.O.Morris at the RCM. He went to music camps where he learned more ideas about politics than about music. He agreed with a lot of the ideas of Trotsky. He became a pacifist and in 1940 he registered as a conscientious objector. In 1943 he spent three months in prison because he refused to help with the war effort. Meanwhile, Tippett had become director of music at Morley College. He made the choir there into one of the best choirs in England. He played a lot of music by Henry Purcell whose music was not as well known then as it is now. He also worked with young musicians who later became famous: the tenor Peter Pears, the countertenor Alfred Deller and the Amadeus String Quartet. In 1951 he became a broadcaster with the BBC. Some of the talks he gave on the radio were published in his book "Moving into Aquarius". He continued a brilliant career as composer, conductor and broadcaster. He was director of the Bath Festival which he helped to improve a lot. He became internationally famous, especially in America. His "Symphony no 4" and his oratorio "Mask of Time" were written for performances in America. His last opera "New Year" was written jointly for the Houston Grand Opera, Glyndebourne and the BBC. He was made a CBE in 1959, knighted in 1966, made a Companion of Honour in 1979 and received an Order of Merit in 1983. He received many honours from universities. Tippett died from pneumonia in London in 1998 after travelling to Stockholm for a festival which included all his works except his stage works. Although he was able to return home he died shortly afterwards. His music. It is unusual for a great musician to begin studying music properly at the age of 18. However, he was old enough to realize that he had a lot to learn. He studied counterpoint and was influenced by the way Classical composers had shaped their music. Beethoven especially was an inspiration for him. One of his best-known works is the "Concerto for Double String Orchestra" (1938-1939). It shows his love of folk music as well as interest in English music of the Renaissance. This music is exciting because of its beats, which keep changing, and its dance-like character. "A Child of Our Time" was an oratorio which used negro spirituals. He combined these with his own style of music. It is about something that really happened in 1938. A 17-year-old Jewish Polish boy killed a Nazi diplomat because the Nazis had taken away his parents. The Nazis were angry and killed lots of Jews in return. It was something which helped to lead to the World War II. Tippett’s music is about the cruelty that humans show towards one another. Tippett’s operas include "A Midsummer Marriage" (started 1946, first performed 1955), "King Priam" (1958-61), "The Knot Garden" (1966-69) and "The Ice Break" (1973-76) and "New Year" (1989). He wrote several choral works. His orchestral works include 4 symphonies, a "Fantasia concertante on a Theme of Corelli" for strings (1953), a "Piano Concerto" (1953-55) and a "Concerto for violin, viola and cello" (1979). His chamber music includes piano sonatas and string quartets. His writings. Tippett published many of his writings. "Moving into Aquarius" consists of talks given on the BBC. In his autobiography "Those Twentieth Century Blues" he discusses many of his problems, including his homosexuality, which in his earlier years he could not talk about because it was illegal at that time. Claw A claw is a sharp object. It is found at the end of a toe or finger in many mammals, birds, and some reptiles. The word "claw" is also used in reference to an invertebrate. For example, the chelae of crabs and lobsters are often called claws or pincers. A claw is made of hard protein called keratin. They are used by some meat eating mammals such as cats to catch and hold prey, but they may also be used for other things such as digging, climbing trees, and so on, in those and other species. Similar appendages that are flat and do not come to a sharp point are called nails instead. Arthropods. The correct name for an arthropod's 'claw' is chela (plural "chelae"). Legs that have a chela are called chelipeds. Chelae are also called pincers. Tetrapods. In tetrapods, claws are made of keratin and have two layers. The unguis is the outside hard layer, which has keratin fibers arranged perpendicular to the direction of growth and in layers at an angle. The subunguis is the soft, flaky layer, and the grain is parallel to the direction of growth. The claw grows outward from the nail matrix at the base of the unguis and the subunguis grows thicker while traveling across the nail bed. The unguis grows outward faster than the subunguis to make a curve and the thinner sides of the claw wear away faster than their thicker middle, making a more or less sharp point. Tetrapods use their claws in many ways, such as grasping or killing prey, digging, climbing, and hanging. Birds. A talon is the claw of a bird of prey, which it uses to hunt. The talons are very important, and if they did not have them, those birds would not be able to catch their food. Mammals. A nail is similar to a claw but it is flatter and has a curved edge instead of a point. A nail that is big enough to hold weight is called a 'hoof'. Every so often, the growth of claws stops and restarts, just like the growth of hair. In hair, this causes the hair to fall out and it is replaced by a new one. In claws, this results in an old layer, and it breaks off. This takes several months for human thumbnails. Cats are often seen working old layers off on wood or on boards made for the purpose. Ungulates' hooves trim themselves when they walk on the ground. Domesticated equids (horses, donkeys and mules) usually need regular trimming by a farrier. Many predatory mammals have claws that can hide inside the animal's paw, especially animals such as the cat. Primates. A primate's nail only has the unguis; the subunguis has disappeared. Similar to the tail, the claw in apes is not needed. However, in some primates, the subunguis has redeveloped to make a claw-like structure. These certain animals do not have actual claws; instead the unguis appears normal along with a thick growth of subunguis. Some lemurs have a toilet-claw. Max and Moritz Max and Moritz (German: Max und Moritz) are two naughty little boys in a story by Wilhelm Busch. The stories were written in 1865 and are still extremely popular in Germany. Wilhelm Busch was an artist as well as a writer. He wrote a lot of stories in rhyme and made drawings to go with them. "Max and Moritz" are stories like these. The two boys get up to lots of naughty pranks. There are seven stories (seven pranks). In the final prank they are caught and come to a sad end. In the 19th century writers had to show that bad behaviour would be punished in the end. The seven stories are stories with a moral. The seven stories. In the first story the boys tie pieces of bread onto pieces of string and put it down where an old woman, Widow Bolte, keeps her hens. The hens each try to swallow a piece of bread, which sticks in their throats and they end up hanging in the tree and die. In the second story Widow Bolte, who is still crying, decides she might as well roast the hens. The boys take fishing rods, climb onto the roof and pull the frying chickens up with their rods. Widow Bolte finds the chickens gone, thinks her little dog has eaten them, and gives the poor dog a beating. In the third story they take a saw and make a hole in the tiny wooden bridge outside the tailor’s house. They shout at the tailor, calling him names. He is furious and comes running out, the bridge breaks and he falls into the stream. Two flying geese save him. He has a terrible tummy ache but his wife puts a hot iron on his tummy and he feels better. In the fourth story the boys put gunpowder in the pipe of the schoolmaster while he is in church. When he lights his pipe there is an explosion. In the fifth story the boys collect beetles and put them under the mattress in their uncle’s bed. In the middle of the night, when the uncle is asleep, the beetles creep up on him. He wakes up and fights with them until he has killed them all. In the sixth story the boys try to steal some pretzels (German rolls) from the bakery, but they fall into the tub of dough. The baker comes in and finds them. He bakes them in the oven, but when they are taken out they eat their way through the dough and escape. In the seventh story the boys cut a hole in the farmer’s sacks. When the miller picks one of these sacks up he realizes the grain is spilling. He sees the boys, puts them in the sack and takes them to the mill, where the miller grinds them into corn and feeds them to his ducks. Abstinence Abstinence is a voluntary restraint from following a desire or appetite for certain bodily activities that are widely experienced as giving pleasure. Most frequently, the term refers to abstention from sexual intercourse, alcohol or food. Abstinence can be due to personal preferences, religious practices of practical considerations. In medicine abstinence also refers to discontinuation of an addictive drug. This may lead to intense craving for the drug or withdrawal syndromes. Abstinence from smoking is also recommended for those intending to undergo surgery. Abstinence may be a temporary or short term goal meant for short durations of time. This includes refraining from compulsive eating or from compulsive drinking. The time and the measure is voluntary and is thus meant to enhance life. This is different from psychological mechanism of repression where the abstinence is not willingly adopted. In India, Buddhists, Jains, and some Hindus abstain from eating meat on the grounds both of health and of reverence for all sentient forms of life. Total abstinence from feeding on the flesh of cows is a hallmark of Hinduism. Abstinence In Religion. Fasting, abstinence from food or drink or both for health, ritualistic, religious, or ethical purposes. The abstention may be complete or partial, lengthy, of short duration, or intermittent. For Jewish people the principal day of fast is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. Those who follows Islam the period of fasting lasts during the whole month of Ramadan. Each day of the month of Ramadan, people of the faith, fast without anything to eat or drink from dawn to dusk. Hindus fast on several festivals sometimes going without food or water and sometimes living only on fruits and dairy products. Followers of Hinduism also observe certain days when they may abstain completely from eating meat, eggs or fish. This is called vegetarianism. Some faiths like Buddhism and Jainism may advocate complete vegetarianism. Catholics and Orthodox Christians abstain from food and drink for an hour prior to taking Holy Communion, and abstain from meat on Ash Wednesday and during Lent. Mormons abstain from certain foods and drinks by combining spiritual discipline. Mormons also fast one day a month and the money saved by skipping meals is donated to the needy. Both Jews and Muslims abstain from pork in their regular diet. Hindus abstain from beef in their diet. Sexual abstinence Sexual abstinence is the practice of not having sex. It is a choice that some people make. As well as sex itself, they may also choose to abstain from other sexual activities. Sexual abstinence has been debated since ancient history, both in terms of same-sex and opposite-sex relationships. Some people take anaphrodisiacs to help them stay abstinent. Someone who decides to avoid sex is called a celibate or volcel. Culture. Abstaining from sex before marriage is usually called chastity. In some countries, it is illegal to have sex before marriage. Many religious and ethical systems proscribe sexual activities between a person and anyone other than a spouse of that person, including most denominational variations of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, as have, historically, many legal systems and societal norms. People who are abstinent even though they do not want to be are sometimes called incels or TFL (true forced loneliness). One form of sexual abstinence is fapstinence, avoiding masturbation. Reasons. People may choose to do this for any reason. A common reason is because of the person's religious or philosophical beliefs. When done for religious reasons, it is called celibacy. Other people may choose abstinence in order to prevent pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases. When someone is abstinent from sex but they don't want to be, its sometimes called "incel", short for "involuntary celibacy". Council of Jerusalem The Council of Jerusalem or apostolic council is a common name for a meeting of early Christian leaders reported in the "Acts of the Apostles" chapter . The meeting must have happened about the year 50, at the latest some time before the death of James the Just in 62. The issues. A common interpretation is that the council came together because there was disagreement within the Early Christian community between those who believed the church must observe the rules of traditional Judaism, and Paul of Tarsus, who believed there was no such necessity. The "rules of traditional Judaism," the Halakha of Rabbinic Judaism, were not finished at this time. The central issue was circumcision, as the author of "Acts" relates the initial confrontation in Antioch, where Paul had been preaching: Ironing Ironing means getting the creases out of clothes after they have been washed and dried. Ironing is done with a tool called an "iron". It is called an iron because in past centuries it was made of iron, a type of metal. The iron is heated before it is used. This used to be done by putting the iron on a fire. Nowadays electricity is used to warm the iron. The user can put water inside, which becomes steam. Ironing clothes is usually easiest when the clothes are still very slightly damp, but it depends on the material of the clothes. There is normally a label on the clothes which shows whether it can be ironed, and at what temperature. Ironing is usually done with a padded ironing board. The clothes to be ironed are put on the ironing board and the iron is pushed carefully along the cloth to get all the wrinkles out. Central European Time Central European Time is a time zone. It is one hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (what used to be called Greenwich Mean Time). Most countries in the central part of Europe and some countries in Africa follow it. In Europe, the countries of Ireland, Great Britain, Iceland and Portugal use Western European Time. All the other countries, up to Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and North Macedonia use Central European Time. Algeria and Tunisia in Africa use CET but do not observe daylight saving time. Central European Summer Time Central European Summer Time is the name for a time zone. Some of the countries that have Central European Time shift their clocks forward one hour, during the summer months. And shift it one hour backwards during winter months. James the Just James the Just, also called James Adelphotheos, James, 1st Bishop of Jerusalem, or James, the Brother of the Lord and sometimes identified with James the Less, (died AD 62) was an important figure in Early Christianity. According to tradition, he was the first formal leader or bishop of Jerusalem, the author of the James in the New Testament, and the first of the Seventy of Luke 10:1-20. Paul of Tarsus in Galatians 2:9 (KJV) characterized James as such: "... James, Cephas, and John, who seemed to be pillars..." He is described in the New Testament as a "brother of Jesus" and in the Liturgy of St James as "the brother of God" ("Adelphotheos") Name. James was called "the Just" because of his ascetic practices, which involved taking Nazarite vows. The name also helps distinguish him from other important figures in early Christianity, such as James, son of Zebedee. He is sometimes called "James Adelphotheos", (literally "James the Brother of God" - Greek : Iάκωβος ο Αδελφόθεος ), based on New Testament descriptions. James' name was important in the genealogy of Jesus because he always appears first when someone lists Jesus' brothers and sisters, this means that James was the eldest brother of Jesus. Life. The canonical writings of the New Testament, as well as other written sources from the early church, provide some insights into Saint James' life and his role in the early church. The Synoptics mention his name, but nothing else about him, whereas the Gospel of John and early chapters of the Acts of the Apostles do not even mention James. "Acts of the Apostles", in later chapters, provides evidence that James was an important figure in the Christian community of Jerusalem. When Peter, having miraculously escaped from prison, must flee Jerusalem, he asks that James be informed (12:17). When the Christians of Antioch are concerned over whether Gentile Christians need be circumcised to be saved, and they send Paul and Barnabas to confer with the Jerusalem church there, James played a prominent role in the formulation of the council's decision (15:13ff). Indeed, after Peter and Paul have made their case, it is James who finally delivers what he calls his "judgement"—the original sense is close to "my ruling"—and afterwards, all accept it. James, in other words, is shown in charge of the Jerusalem group, which conflicts with later claims of Peter's primacy there. And when Paul arrives in Jerusalem to deliver the money he raised for the faithful there, it is to James that he speaks, and who insists that Paul ritually cleanse himself at Herod's Temple to prove his faith and deny rumors of teaching rebellion against the Torah (21:18ff) (a charge of antinomianism). Paul further describes James as being one of the persons the risen Christ showed himself to (1 Corinthians 15:3-8); then later in 1 Corinthians, mentions James in a way that suggests James had been married (9:5); and in Galatians, Paul lists James with Cephas (better known as Peter) and John, as the three "pillars" of the Church, and who will minister to the "circumcised" (in general Jews and Jewish Proselytes) in Jerusalem, while Paul and his fellows will minister to the "uncircumcised" (in general Gentiles). (2:9, 2:12). These terms (circumcised/uncircumcised) are generally interpreted to mean Jews and Greeks, who were predominant, however it is an oversimplification as 1st century Iudaea Province also had some Jews who no longer circumcised, and some Greeks (called Proselytes or Judaizers) and others such as Egyptians, Ethiopians, and Arabs who did. Disciple (Christianity) In Christianity, the disciples were the students of Jesus during his ministry, which sometimes means only the Twelve Apostles, but the gospels speaks of different numbers of disciples. In the Book of Acts, the Apostles themselves have disciples. The word "disciple" is used today as a way of self-identification for those who seek to learn from Christianity. The term disciple comes from the Ancient Greek language word coming to English by way of the Latin "discipulus". "Disciple" should not be confused with "apostle", meaning "" While a disciple is one who learns from a teacher, a student, an apostle is sent to deliver those teachings to others. Disciples of Jesus of Nazareth. The four. Both the gospels of Mark () and Matthew () include passages where Jesus initially calls four fishermen from among those at the Sea of Galilee. These are Simon (later called "Rock" or Peter) and his brother Andrew, and the brothers James and John (later called the "Sons of Thunder" or Boanerges). A very similar report in the Gospel of Luke does not speak of Andrew. also includes an initial calling of disciples, but these are: an unnamed disciple, Andrew, Simon, Philip and Nathanael. Since the Gospel of Luke does not include Andrew, and through various passages in the four gospels where Simon Peter, James and John are called to meet with Jesus separately from the twelve, they are commonly termed "the three." The usage of "the four" over "the three" is still a point which some Christians debate, but never as an essential doctrinal point. The twelve. Most of the attention in the gospels is given to a specific group of disciples called by Jesus on the top of a mountain and commissioned by him as the Twelve Apostles. These men are: The Gospel of John refers to one disciple as the one whom Jesus loved. Since the apostle John, unlike the other twelve, is never named in that gospel, the "beloved disciple" is assumed to be him. Great crowd and the seventy. The number of or persons among Jesus' disciples is not always given in the gospel accounts. A much larger group of people is identified as disciples in the opening of the passage of the Sermon on the Plain that begins in Luke . Additionally, seventy (or seventy-two, depending on the source used) people are sent out in pairs to prepare the way for Jesus (Luke 10). They are sometimes referred to as "the Seventy" or "the Seventy Disciples". They are to eat any food offered, heal the sick and spread the word; that God's reign is coming, that whoever hears them hears Jesus, whoever rejects them rejects Jesus and whoever rejects Jesus rejects the One who sent him. In addition they are granted great powers over the enemy and their names are written in heaven. Road to Emmaus. Cleopas is one of the two disciples to whom the risen Lord appeared at Emmaus (Luke 24:18). Cleopas, with an unnamed disciple of Jesus' are walking from Jerusalem to Emmaus on the day of Jesus' resurrection. Cleopas and his friend were discussing the events of the past few days when a stranger asked them what they spoke of. The stranger asked to join Cleopas and his friend for the evening meal. There the stranger revealed himself, after blessing and breaking the bread, as the resurrected Jesus and then disappeared. Cleopas and his friend hastened to Jerusalem to carry the news to the other disciples, where Jesus subsequently appeared to them as well. The incident is without parallel in Matthew, Mark, or John. Women. In Luke (10:38–42), Mary, sister of Lazarus is contrasted with her sister Martha, who was "cumbered about many things" while Jesus was their guest, while Mary had chosen "the better part," that of listening to the master's discourse. John names her as the "one who had anointed the Lord with perfumed oil and dried his feet with her hair" (11:2). In Luke, an unidentified "sinner" in the house of a Pharisee anoints Jesus' feet. Any pre-existing relationship between Jesus and Lazarus himself, prior to the miracle, is unspecified by John. In Catholic folklore, Mary, the sister of Lazarus, is seen as the same as Mary Madgalene. Luke refers to a number of people accompanying Jesus and the twelve. From among them he names three women: "Mary, called Magdalene, ... and Joanna the wife of Herod's steward Chuza, and Susanna, and many others, who provided for them out of their resources" (Luke 8:2-3). Mary Magdalene and Joanna are among the women who went to prepare Jesus' body in Luke's account of the resurrection, and who later told the apostles and other disciples about the empty tomb and words of the "two men in dazzling clothes". Mary Magdalene is the most well-known of the disciples outside of the Twelve. More is written in the gospels about her than the other female followers. There is also a large body of lore and literature covering her. Other gospel writers differ as to which women witness the crucifixion and witness to the resurrection. Mark includes Mary, the mother of James and Salome (not to be confused with Salomé the daughter of Herodias) at the crucifixion and Salome at the tomb. John includes Mary the wife of Clopas at the crucifixion. Ahmed Jibril Ahmed Jibril (1938 – died July 7, 2021) was the founder and co-leader of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC). He founded it in 1968. His son Jihad Ahmed Jibril was to take over, but was killed by a car bomb in Beirut in 2002. Jihad Ahmed Jibril Mohammed Jihad Ahmed Jibril (March 3, 1961 in Damascus - May 20, 2002 in Beirut) was the son of Ahmed Jibril, founder of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC). He was killed by a car bomb. He was assassinated on May 20, 2002. Jihad Ahmed Jibril was the leader of the military wing of the PFLP-GC and was the heir apparent of the organization before he was killed in a car bombing in Beirut in 2002. The assassination was blamed on Israel, although Jibril had many other enemies, including the Lebanese Christian militia and other Palestinian nationalist organizations. Ahmed Jibril was co-leader of the militant Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command. Israeli radio reports said that the son, Jihad Ahmed Jibril, was involved in smuggling arms and explosives to Palestinian militants in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. But there was no evidence to directly link him with terrorist attacks. Ahmed Jibril accused the Israeli intelligence agency, Mossad, of responsibility for the killing, but a spokesman for Defense Minister Benjamin Ben-Eliezer said Israel was not involved. In mid-June 2006, Lebanon authorities arrested a group of alleged spies who reportedly confessed to working for Israel and carrying out the attacks. Topkapı Palace The Topkapı Palace is a palace in Istanbul (Constantinople), Turkey. Topkapı Sarayı in Turkish means the "Cannongate Palace". It was built in 1465. The palace was the administrative center of the Ottoman Empire. It was turned into a museum at the request of Turkey's first President, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1924. It was built on the acropolis, the site of the first settlement in Istanbul. The palace has a very good view of the Golden Horn, the Bosphorus and the Sea of Marmara. The palace is surrounded by 5km of walls. It has an area of 700,000 sq. m at the tip of the historical peninsula. First Court. The First Court (or "Alay Meydanı") spans over the entire Seraglio Point and is surrounded by high walls. This court was also known as the Court of the Janissaries or the Parade Court. The main gate is called Bab-ı Hümayun, simply the Imperial Gate. Apart from the Topkapı Palace, the First Court also contains the old imperial mint (constructed in 1727), the church of Hagia Eirene, the Archeology Museum (constructed during the 19th century) and various fountains, pavilions (for example, the Çinili Pavilion, or Tiled Pavilion) and gardens (including the Gülhane Park, the old imperial rose garden). The Çinili Pavilion (1472) has many superb examples of Iznik tiles. It now houses the Museum of Islamic Art. The Fountain of the Executioner is where the executioner washed his hands and sword after a beheading. The Fountain of Ahmed III is an example of Rococo work. The huge Gate of Greeting ("Bab-üs Selam") leads into the palace and the Second Court ("Divan Meydanı"). Second Court. The second court is a park surrounded by the palace hospital, bakery, Janissary quarters, stables, the imperial Harem and Divan to the north and the kitchens to the south. The kitchens today contain one of the world's largest collections of Chinese blue-and-white and celadon porcelain, valued by the sultans because it was supposed to change color if the food or drink it contained was poisoned. The Divan Salonu, or Imperial Council Chamber, was where the sultan's counselors and functionaries met to discuss the empire's affairs. The Sultan could overhear from a concealed grille. Third Court. Beyond the Gate of Felicity ("Bab-üs Saadet") is the Third Court which is the heart of the palace, a lush garden surrounded by the Hall of the Privy Chamber ("Has Oda") occupied by the palace officials, the treasury (which contains some of the finest treasures of the Ottoman age, including the Sacred Trusts), the Harem and some pavilions, with the library of Ahmed III in the center. The Treasury holds some of the most famous and spectacular jewels in the world, including the famous Topkapı Dagger. In 1747, the Sultan had this dagger made for Nadir Shah of Persia, but the Shah was assassinated before the emissary had left the Ottoman Empire's boundaries and so the Sultan retained it. There are three large emeralds in the hilt and the sheath is worked with diamonds and enamel. This dagger was the subject of the famous film "Topkapi". The Harem was home to the Sultan's mother, the Valide sultan; the concubines and wives of the Sultan; and the rest of his family, including children; and their servants. There are approximately 300 rooms (though only about twenty are open to the public), and the Harem housed as many as 500 people, which sometimes amounted up to 300 women, their children, and the eunuchs. Many of the rooms and features in the Harem were designed by Sinan, a famous architect of the Ottoman Empire. The Pavilion of the Holy Mantle holds the cloak of Mohammed, his sword, his teeth, his beard, and other relics which are known as the Sacred Trusts. Even the Sultan and his family were permitted entrance only once a year, on the 15th day of Ramadan, during the time when the Palace was a residence. Now any visitor can see these items and many Muslims come on pilgrimage for this purpose. Acts of the Apostles The Acts of the Apostles (Greek "Praxeis Apostolon") is a book of the Bible, which now is the fifth in the New Testament. It is often simply called Acts. Acts tells the story of the Early Christian church, with particular interest for the ministry of the Twelve Apostles and of Paul of Tarsus. The early chapters in Jerusalem, report Jesus's Resurrection, his Ascension, the Day of Pentecost, and the start of the Twelve Apostles' ministry. The later chapters report Paul's conversion, his ministry, and finally his arrest and imprisonment and trip to Rome. Most people think that the author of Acts also wrote the Gospel of Luke, as Acts 1:1 refers to 'the former treatise have I made, Theophilus, of all that Jesus began both to do and teach'. The traditional view is that both the two books were written "c." 60 by a companion of Paul named Luke. Many theologians still think so. But some think the books were written by an unknown author at a later date, sometime between 80 and 150. Firebreak A Firebreak is a way to fight fires. In a firebreak, there is no vegetation, or other material that can burn. This makes it hard for a fire to jump across the break. Therefore, the spread of a possible fire is delayed. Slum A slum is a part of a city or a town where many poor people live. It is a place where people may not have basic needs, such as running water, electricity, toilets, telephones, etc. Some of these people may also have social disadvantages, such as unemployment, no access to education, no access to health care, no municipal services, etc. There are slums in most of the big cities of developing countries and least developed countries (which are also labelled as the "Third World"). They may not be called "slum", however; see shanty town. Victorian London. Charles Dickens was a great author of Victorian London. His account of the St Giles rookery was: Dickens, "Sketches by Boz", 1839. Montauban Montauban () is a "commune" in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Midi-Pyrénées region in southern France. It is the "préfecture" (capital) of the department. The town, built mainly with reddish bricks, is on the right bank of the Tarn river at its confluence with the Tescou. It was one of the first bastides in history. History. Together with Mont-de-Marsan, Montauban is one of the oldest towns with walls (a bastide) in southern France. It was founded in 1144 by Alphonse Jourdain, Count of Toulouse. Most of the inhabitants came from Montauriol, a village which had grown up around the neighbouring monastery of St Théodard. In the 13th century the town suffered much during the Albigensian Crusade and from the Inquisition, but by 1317 it had recovered sufficiently to be chosen by the Pope John XXII as the head of a diocese of which the basilica of St Théodard became the cathedral. In 1360, under the Treaty of Brétigny, the town was given to the English; they were expelled by the inhabitants in 1414. In 1560 the bishops became Protestants; ten years later it became one of the four Huguenot strongholds under the Peace of Saint-Germain, and formed a small independent republic. In 1790, Montauban was in the Lot department as the capital of a district; with the creation of the "arrondissements" in 1800, Montauban became a "sous-préfecture" in the Lot department. When Napoleon created the Tarn-et-Garonne department in 1809, Montauban became the préfecture (capital) of the new department. Geography. Montauban is at about to the north of Toulouse, on the confluence of the Tescou and the Tarn rivers, and at from Agen ("préfecture" of the Lot-et-Garonne), from Albi ("préfecture" of the Tarn) and at about from Cahors ("préfecture" of the Lot). It has an area of and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is . Montauban is surrounded by the "communes" Villemade, Piquecos, Lamothe-Capdeville, Albias, Saint-Étienne-de-Tulmont, Léojac, Saint-Nauphary,Corbarieu,Bressols, Lacourt-Saint-Pierre, Montbeton and Albefeuille-Lagarde. Climate. The climate of Montauban, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers. The average amount of precipitation for the year in Montauban is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is February with an average of . The average temperature for the year in Montauban is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of . Population. The inhabitants of Montauban are known, in French, as "Montalbanais" (women: "Montalbanaises"). With a population of 58,826, Montauban has a population density of inhabitants/km2. Evolution of the population in Montauban Administration. Montauban is the prefecture of the Tarn-et-Garonne department since 1809. It is also the capital of the "arrondissement" of Montauban and the administrative centre () of three cantons, all formed with part of the commune: It is part of the intercommunality "Le Grand Montauban" (). Sister cities. Montauban is twinned with: Places of interest. Some interesting places in Montauban are: Layyah Layyah is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan and is the capital of Layyah District. Layyah gets its name from the wild short shrub commonly known as Layyan. Layyah is located between the rivers Indus and Chenab in central Pakistan. Leo III Leo III (or the Greek form Leon III) refers to: Pope Leo III Leo III (died June 12, 816) was Pope from 795 to 816. He is famous for the coronation of Charlemagne as emperor in 800. Early life. Leo was born in Rome. Pope. Leo reported his election to Charlemagne, sent him the keys of Saint Peter's tomb and the banner of Rome. Charlemagne replied that it was his function to defend the church and the Pope's to pray for the kingdom and for victory of the army. Charlemagne went to Rome in November 800, and on December 1 held a council there with representatives of both sides. Leo, on December 23, took an oath of purgation concerning the charges brought against him, and his opponents were exiled. Two days later Leo crowned Charlemagne at St. Peter's tomb. Charlemagne did intervene in church affairs, not always successfully. The reasons for the coronation, the involvement beforehand of the Frankish court, and the relationship to the Byzantine Empire are all matters of debate among historians. Khanda Khanda is a symbol of Sikhism. It is in the shape of three weapons and a circle. Judi Dench Dame Judith Olivia Dench (born 9 December 1934) is an English movie, stage and television actress. Judi Dench has appeared in James Bond movies since 1995 as the character M. She has also appeared in other large budget movies such as "Mrs. Henderson Presents" and "Ladies in Lavender". Personal life. Dench was born in Heworth, York, England. She is the daughter of Eleanora Olave (née Jones), a native of Dublin, and Reginald Arthur Dench, a doctor. Dench attended the Mount School, a Quaker independent secondary school in York. She became a Quaker. In 1971, Dench married British actor Michael Williams. Their only child is Tara Cressida Frances Williams. She was born on 24 September 1972. She is known professionally as Finty Williams. Dench and her husband starred together several times. Michael Williams died from lung cancer in 2001, aged 65. In early 2012, Dench said she had macular degeneration. Because of this, she needed someone to read scripts to her. Dench's brother, Jeffery Dench, died on 27 March 2014 at the age of 85. Arendal Arendal is a city and municipality in the county of Aust-Agder, Norway. It is the administrative center of Aust-Agder county, and belongs to the geographical region of Sørlandet. The municipality is bordered in the southwest by Grimstad, in the northwest by Froland, and in the northeast by Tvedestrand municipalities. The name. The Norse form of the name was probably "Arnardalr". The first element is then the genitive case of "orn" m 'eagle', the last element is "dalr" m 'valley, dale'. S.S. Lazio S.S. Lazio is an Italian football club based in Formello (Via di Santa Cornelia 1000, 00060 Formello). They play in light blue shirts, white shorts and socks. The name Lazio was chosen as the original founders wanted to name the club after something which was greater and encompassed more than just the city that they were from - Lazio is the name of the region where Rome is. The sky blue and white team colors were inspired by the Greek flag and more specifically the country which gave birth to Olympic tradition; the eagle as an acknowledgement by its founders. Satire Satire is a form in art or writing which ridicules either a person, government, or an institution, often through the use of humour. Satire can either be in paintings, plays, books, songs, TV or movies. It also is used to stereotype people. Satire was used long ago. It is a Latin word, though the plays of Aristophanes are often called satirical. Satire was widely known in Elizabethan times. Swift used it in his book "Gulliver's Travels" to make fun of people’s stupidity. Works like "The Beggar’s Opera" (1728) used satire to show how silly the politicians of the time were. The German playwright Bertolt Brecht used a lot of satire, as did Peter Cook. Jon Stewart and other comedians use it frequently. Satire often points out ironic or bad things that powerful people are doing. Its adjective is satirical. Iron Cross The Iron Cross was a medal given to German soldiers for bravery during wartime. The award was created by King Frederick William III of Prussia. It was first given out on 10 March 1813. The Iron Cross was awarded during the Napoleonic Wars, the Franco-Prussian War, the First World War, and the Second World War. This medal was received by Adolf Hitler after World War I. The medal is only given in wartime, so no Iron Crosses have been given out since the end of the Second World War in 1945. Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. During the Second World War an extra type of Iron Cross medal was given. It was the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and was given for acts of extreme battlefield bravery or successful leadership. The Knight's Cross was divided into five grades: Manowar Manowar is an American heavy metal band from Auburn, New York, which formed in 1980. Power series In mathematics, a power series (in one variable) is an infinite series of the form where "an" represents the coefficient of the nth term, "c" is a constant, and "x" varies around "c" (for this reason one sometimes speaks of the series as being "centered" at "c"). This series usually appears as the Taylor series of some known function; the Taylor series article contains many examples. In many situations "c" is equal to zero, for example when considering a Maclaurin series. In those cases, the power series takes the simpler form These power series appear primarily in analysis, but also appear in combinatorics (under the name of generating functions) and in electrical engineering (under the name of the Z-transform). The familiar decimal notation for integers can also be viewed as an example of a power series, but with the argument "x" fixed at 10. In number theory, the concept of p-adic numbers is also closely related to that of a power series. Classical guitar A classical guitar, also called a Spanish guitar, is a musical instrument from the family of musical instruments called chordophones. This instrument is most commonly used by classical guitarists playing classical music, but it is also used in other music genres. It was first recognized 4 - 5 thousand years ago. Vålerenga Fotball Vålerenga Fotball is a Norwegian football club from Oslo. It was founded in 1913. They are named after the neighbourhood of Vålerenga. They finished as runners-up in the 2010 Norwegian Premier League, the last time they won was in 2005. Vålerenga's home ground is Ullevaal Stadion, the national stadium for Norway. Their current coach is Martin Andresen. Current squad. "As of January 15th 2010" Volga The Volga is the longest river in Europe. In Russian it is called Волга, in the Tatar language its name is İdel. Many people see it as the national river of Russia. It flows through the western part of the country. It is Europe's longest river, with a length of 3,530 kilometres, and forms the core of the largest river system in Europe. It rises in the Valdai Hills of Russia, 225m above sea level north-west of Moscow. The Kama, Oka, Vetluga and the Sura are its main tributaries. The Volga and its tributaries form the Volga river system, which drains an area of about 1.35 million square kilometres in Russia. The Volga Delta has a length of about 160 kilometres. It includes 555 channels and small streams. It is the largest estuary in Europe. It is the only place in Russia where pelicans, flamingoes, and lotuses may be found. The Volga freezes for most of its length for three months each year. Some of the biggest reservoirs in the world can be found along the river. Oi! Oi! is a type of punk rock that was started in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s. The people that started it wanted to connect punk with a working class street-level following. Oi! is a mixing of the styles of early punk bands, such as The Clash, Sex Pistols and the Ramones. It is also influenced by early British rock bands (such as The Rolling Stones and The Who), football chants, pub rock and glam rock bands. The music is often very simple, and the lyrics are blunt (brutally honest, without tact). Punk rock began to become popular in the 1970s. Some perceived that it was becoming more and more commercialised. This was the kind of thing that punks were against. Oi! began partly as a response to this perception. It was also partly a response to stereotyping that others made about punks. One stereotype was that many people in the early punk rock scene were young people using big words and trying to be artistic, but failing. Early Oi! bands such as Sham 69 were around for years before the word "Oi!" was used to describe their style of music. The word was first used as a name for the new genre in 1980, by journalist Garry Bushell. He took the name from the way the Cockney Rejects used "Oi!" during live shows to introduce their songs. "Oi! Oi! Oi!" was the title of the third track on their second album. The word is an old Cockney expression, meaning "hey" or "hello". Other bands that were labelled as Oi! bands in the early days of the genre included Angelic Upstarts, The 4-Skins, The Business, Blitz, The Blood, and Combat 84. More recent punk bands such as Rancid and Dropkick Murphys have credited Oi! as a source of inspiration. Brothers Grimm The Brothers Grimm (German: "Die Brüder Grimm", also "Gebrüder Grimm") were the brothers Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm. They were German academics and most famous for their collections of folktales and fairy tales, and for their work in linguistics. The Grimm brothers both became linguists. They are the inventors of German philology. They also did other language-related work, like publishing one of the first grammar books for the German language. They also wrote fairy tales, and collected the tales which people told them. They published a collection of fairy tales known as "Grimms' Fairy Tales" ("Grimms Märchen"). Heavy metal Heavy metal may mean: Bryozoa Bryozoans, also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or moss animals, are a phylum of small aquatic animals living in colonies. The colonies usually have a skeleton of calcium carbonate. Bryozoans have a long fossil history, starting in the Ordovician. In their life-style they resemble the polyps which form coral. They generally like warm, tropical waters but live all over the world. There are about 5,000 living species, and 15,000 fossil species are known. The colonies are formed by tiny (~0.2mm) members called zooids. They secrete tubes, usually of lime (CaCO3), sometimes of chitin, an organic compound. The zooids in a colony are all clones, produced by asexual reproduction. Despite this, most species produce different morphs: zooids with different functions. All bryozoa have a lophophore. This is a ring of ten tentacles surrounding the mouth, each tentacle covered with cilia. When feeding, the zooid extends the lophophore outwards; when resting it is withdrawn into the mouth to protect it from predators. Anatomy & physiology. Bryozoan skeletons grow in a variety of shapes and patterns: mound-shaped, lacy fans, branching twigs, and even corkscrew-shaped. Their skeletons have many tiny openings. Each opening is the home of "zooid". They have a body with a U-shaped gut, opening at the mouth and at the anus. They feed with their lophophore. The tentacles of the bryozoans are ciliated. The beating of the cilia creates a current of water which drives food (mainly phytoplankton) towards the mouth. In some groups, notably some ctenostomes, a gizzard may be formed. Bryozoans do not have a respiratory, or a blood system, because their small size allows diffusion of gases and nutrients. However, they do have a simple nervous system, and muscles, which together can quickly take the zooid down into its shelter. One species of bryozoan, "Bugula neritina", is of interest as a source of chemicals, bryostatins, which are under investigation as anti-cancer agents. Reproduction & development. Bryozoans can reproduce both sexually and asexually. All Bryozoans, as far as is known, are hermaphrodite (meaning they are both male and female). All members of a colony are clones: they are genetically identical, produced by asexual reproduction. This occurs by budding off new zooids from the first zooid. So the colony grows; this is the way a colony expands in size. If a piece of a bryozoan colony breaks off, the piece can continue to grow and will form a new colony. All zooids in a colony are linked by strands of epithelial cells. The individual members of a colony, the zooids, are in some species generalised: they feed, and they can reproduce on occasion. But in most species the zooids are specialised to diffent functions. In this case the feeding zooids are called "autozooids", and the non-feeding members are called "heterozooids". Functions done by heterozooids include sexual reproduction, protection, locomotion, plumbing, structural support. The functions of some heterozooids is still unknown. The commonest function is that eggs are developed in brooding chambers ("ovicells") on female or hermaphrodite heterozooids. There are variations in the details: sometimes a little complex of heterozooids produce larvae in a cooperative effort.p4 Another way to describe the bryozoa which develop heterozooids is to say they are polymorphic. This term is used in biology to describe the way a genetically unified population develops into clearly distinct forms. The polymorphism is usually controlled by genetic switching mechanisms, but in bryozoa there is little knowledge of their genetics. Ecology. Most species of Bryozoan live in marine environments. There are about 50 species which inhabit freshwater. In their aquatic habitats, bryozoans live on all types of hard substrates: sand grains, rocks, shells, wood, blades of kelp, pipes and ships may be heavily encrusted with bryozoans. Some bryozoan colonies, however, do not grow on solid substrates, but form colonies on sediment. While some species live at depths of 8,200 m, most bryozoans live in much shallower water. Most bryozoans are sessile and immobile, but a few colonies are able to creep about, and a few species of non-colonial bryozoans live and move about in the spaces between sand grains. One remarkable species makes its living while floating in the Southern Ocean. Several bryozoan species live in the Midwestern United States, especially in Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky which was once a part of a large ocean, the Western Interior Seaway. Their diet consists of small microorganisms, including diatoms and other unicellular algae. In turn, bryozoans are preyed on by grazing organisms such as sea urchins and fish. Bryozoans are almost entirely colony-forming animals. Many millions of individuals can form one colony. The colonies range from millimeters to meters in size, but the individuals that make up the colonies are tiny, usually less than a millimeter long. In each colony, different individuals have different functions. Some individuals gather up the food for the colony (autozooids), others depend on them (heterozooids). Some individuals are devoted to strengthening the colony (kenozooids), and still others to cleaning the colony (vibracula). There is only a single known solitary species, "Monobryozoon ambulans", which does not form colonies. Fossils. Fossil bryozoans first appear in the early Ordovician and had a huge adaptive radiation. They were abundant throughout the Palaeozoic era: they were one of the most dominant groups of Palaeozoic fossils. They were major components of seabed communities and, like modern-day bryozoans, played an important role in sediment stabilization and binding. They were food sources for many other benthic organisms. During the Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) 354 to 323 million years ago, bryozoans were so common that their broken skeletons form entire limestone beds. After a crash at the Permian/Triassic boundary, when almost all species went extinct, bryozoans recovered in the later Mesozoic to become as successful as before. The bryozoan fossil record has more than 15,000 species. Most fossil bryozoans have mineralized skeletons. The skeletons of individual zooids vary from tubular to box-shaped and contain a terminal aperture from which the lophophore is protruded to feed. No pores are present in the great majority of Ordovician bryozoans, but skeletal evidence shows that epithelia were continuous from one zooid to the next. One of the most important events during bryozoan evolution was the acquisition of a calcareous skeleton and the mechanism of tentacle protrusion. The rigidity of the outer body walls gave protection against predators, a greater degree of zooid connection, and the evolution of massive colony forms. Placebo A placebo is a treatment for a disease or condition which is deliberately ineffective. The motive usually is that if a person "believes" that a medicine, diet, or other treatment is good for them, then it "is" good for them. Sometimes sick people who receive a placebo feel like they are getting better, and sometimes their bodies actually do get better. When patients have that response, it is called the "placebo effect". The term "placebo effect" (or "placebo response") was introduced in 1920. It is the response of the subject which causes the observed effect, not the substance. Origins. John Haygarth tested a placebo effect in the 18th century. It showed "to a degree which has never been suspected, what powerful influence upon diseases is produced by mere imagination". Émile Coué, a French apothecary, working between 1882 and 1910, discovered what later came to be known as the "Placebo effect". He reassured his clients by praising each remedy's efficiency and leaving a small positive notice with each medication. In 1901 Coué began to study under hypnosis. In 1913, Coué and his wife founded "La Société Lorraine de Psychologie appliquée". His book "Self-mastery through conscious autosuggestion" was published in England (1920) and in the United States (1922). Placebos and blind trial. Placebos are used as part of blind trials. Blind trials work like this: Some people are given the medicine or treatment being tested, and others are given the placebo. No one knows who gets the real treatment and who gets the placebo. They are "blind" to their treatment. If researchers notice that the "treatment group" is different from the "placebo group" they will know that the difference is because of the treatment. Without a "placebo group" then researchers cannot know if those changes would have happened anyway, no matter which medicine people had taken. Genuine effects of placebos. Placebos can have real effects on patients: that is what "placebo effect" means. Since a landmark paper in 1955 the placebo effect has been recognised and accepted by some, and denied by others. However, there is no doubt that for certain conditions, the placebo effect does exist. Examples are: Identity (mathematics) In mathematics, the term identity has several important uses: An equality in mathematical sense is only true under more particular conditions. For this, the symbol ≡ is sometimes used (note, however, that the same symbol can also be used for a congruence relation as well.) Examples. Identity relation. A common example of the first meaning is the trigonometric identity which is true for all real values of formula_7 (since the real numbers formula_8 are the domain of both sine and cosine), as opposed to which is only true for certain values of formula_7 in a subset of the domain. Identity element. The concepts of "additive identity" and "multiplicative identity" are central to the Peano axioms. The number 0 is the "additive identity" for integers, real numbers, and complex numbers. For the real numbers, for all formula_11 Similarly, The number 1 is the "multiplicative identity" for integers, real numbers, and complex numbers. For the real numbers, for all formula_11 Identity function. A common example of an identity function is the identity permutation, which sends each element of the set formula_19 to itself. Comparison. These meanings are not mutually exclusive; for instance, the identity permutation is the identity element in the set of permutations of formula_19 under composition. Equality Equality can mean several things: In sciences: In humanities: People and places: Identity Identity could mean: Equality (mathematics) In mathematics, two things are equal if and only if they are exactly the same in every way. That is, they have the same (mathematical) value and the same mathematical properties. Mathematicians use the equals sign (=) to say this. This defines a binary relation, equality. The statement ""x" = "y"" means that "x" and "y" are equal. Equivalence in a more general sense is provided by the construction of an equivalence relation between two mathematical objects, that is, two mathematical objects are equivalent if they are related by this relation. In which case, the equivalence is often represented using the symbols formula_1 or formula_2. A statement that two expressions denote equal quantities is an equation (or an equality). Equations are equal. Inequalities are unequal. An equality is also a transitive relation. This means that if one object is equal to a second object, and the second object is equal to a third object, then the first object is equal to the third object as well. Since a predicate is a way of describing something that is true, another way to say this is that if one thing that is true about a variable is not true about the other variable, then they are not "equal" as far as mathematical logic is concerned: two things are only equal if anything that is true about one has to be true about the other. In geometry, the word congruence is often preferred. Numbers are equal, geometrical objects are congruent. Two shapes are congruent if one can be moved or rotated so that it fits exactly where the other one is. If shrinking or enlarging one of the two objects is needed, then they are not congruent. They are called "similar" instead. The congruence relation is often represented by the symbol formula_3, while the similarity relation is represented by the symbol formula_1. In computer science, usually, the mathematical definition is used. Very often, the comparison is written "==" (and the assignment, the act of giving a value, is written as "=", or ":="). In object-oriented languages, or languages which have pointers, there is an additional problem. Those languages contain references (which are in fact pointers). If two such references do not reference exactly the same object, then they are different and "a == b" will be false in this case. For this reason, many such languages have introduced another operator (in Java, this method is called "equals"). This operator compares the actual values of the objects—not where the variables that reference them point to. In social sciences, two people are equal if many of the same things are true about them. For example. two people who have the same amount of education and money, and who are of the same age usually think of each other as equals. Another name for a person who is equal to another person is a peer. Ministry The term ministry could mean: Religious ministry Ministry, in Christianity, is the activity that is done by members of the church to serve the purposes of the church. It can mean this activity as a whole, or specific activities, or organizations in a church that perform specific activities. Age-specific Ministry. As churches attempt to meet the needs of their congregations, they often separate their members into groups according to age categories. Age-specific groups meet for religious study including Sunday school programs, fellowship, and other activities. These age divisions may include: Nearly all churches have some form of worship music, whether from a choir, orchestra, or worship band. Service and outreach. Many churches sponsor ministries designed to reach out others on a local and global scale, usually grouped under the heading of missions. There are many organizations which perform missions on a fully-funded and organized level, such as North American Mission Board, operated by the Southern Baptist Convention. Ministry (government department) A ministry is a department of a government, led by a political minister. Ministries are usually subordinate to the cabinet, and prime minister, president or chancellor. A government will usually have several ministries, each with a specialised field of service. National ministries vary greatly between countries, but some common ones include Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, and Ministry of Health. Some countries such as Switzerland, the Philippines and the United States do not use the term "ministry" for their government departments, and instead simply call them departments. In Hong Kong the term "bureau" is used. In Canada, some provincial-level government departments are called "ministries" (such as in Ontario and British Columbia) but most are called "departments." Their heads are referred to as "ministers" in both levels of government, however. Galerius Galerius (Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus, ~250 – 5 May 311), was Roman Emperor from 305 to 311. Galerius served as a soldier with distinction. When the Tetrarchy was introduced by Diocletian in 293 Galerius and Constantius Chlorus were given the rank of "Caesar". Galerius married Diocletian's daughter Valeria, and took over the Illyrian provinces. War with Persia. Defeat. In 296, at the beginning of the Persian War, Galerius moved from the Danube to the Euphrates. There his first campaign ended in a defeat by the Sassanid prince Narses, near Callinicum. This disaster caused the loss of Mesopotamia. Diocletian came to Antioch, where the official version of events was made clear: Galerius was to take the blame. In Antioch, Diocletian forced Galerius to walk a mile in advance of his imperial cart while still clad in the purple robes of an emperor.p17p292/3 The message was clear: the loss at Carrhae was not due to the failings of the empire's soldiers, but due to the failings of their commander, and Galerius' failures would not be accepted. Victory. In 298 Galerius got reinforcements from the Danube in the Spring. He led the army to attack Narseh in northern Mesopotamia, and Narseh retreated to Armenia. The rugged Armenian terrain was favorable to Roman infantry, but unfavorable to Sassanid cavalry. Local aid gave Galerius the advantage of surprise over the Persian forces. In two battles, Galerius got victories over Narseh.p18p293 During the second encounter, Roman forces seized Narseh's camp, his treasury, his harem, and his wife.p18 Narseh's wife would live out the remainder of the war in Daphne, a suburb of Antioch. This was, to the Persians, a constant reminder of Roman victory.p293 Galerius advanced into Media and Adiabene, winning victories.p151 He took Nisibis (Nusaybin, Turkey) before 1 October 298. He moved down the Tigris, taking Ctesiphon, and looking at the ruins of Babylon. Then he returned to Roman territory by the Euphrates. Narses asked for peace. Mesopotamia was returned to Roman rule and even some territory east of the Tigris. This was the greatest extension of the Roman Empire in the east. Last years. In 305, on the abdication of Diocletian and Maximian, Galerius got the title of Augustus, together with Constantius, his former colleague. Two younger men were appointed as Caesars: Maximus Daia and Severus II. Galerius' hopes were dashed when his colleague Constantius died at York in 306. The legions raised his son Constantine to the position of Augustus. Galerius only discovered this when he got a letter from Constantine, who told him of his father's death, modestly asserted his natural claim to the succession, and respectfully lamented that the enthusiasm of his troops had not allowed him to get the Imperial purple in a regular manner. The first emotions of Galerius were those of surprise, disappointment, and rage. As he could not restrain his passions, he threatened to burn both the letter and the messenger.p28/9p6279–80p160 When he had time to reconsider his position, he realised his chances of winning a war against Constantine was doubtful. Therefore, without commenting on the choice of the British army, Galerius accepted the son of his deceased colleague as the ruler of the provinces beyond the Alps; but he gave him only the title of Caesar, and the fourth rank among the Roman princes, whilst he conferred the vacant place of Augustus on his favourite, Severus II. Suddenly Galerius had the unexpected loss of Italy to Maxentius, his son-in-law. Galerius’ need for revenue led him to make a strict examination of the property of his subjects for the purpose of taxation. A survey was taken of their estates. Where there was the slightest suspicion of concealment, torture was used to get a sincere declaration of their personal wealth. Italy had traditionally been exempt from any form of taxation, but Galerius ignored this. Italy began to murmur against this indignity and Maxentius used this sentiment to declare himself emperor in Italy, to the fury of Galerius. Therefore, Galerius ordered his colleague Severus to immediately march to Rome, so that, by his unexpected arrival, he would easily suppress the rebellion. Severus was quickly captured and executed by Maximian, who had once again been elevated to the rank of co-emperor, this time by his son Maxentius. The importance of the occasion needed the presence and abilities of Galerius. At the head of a powerful army collected from Illyricum and the East, he entered Italy. He was determined to revenge the death of Severus and to punish the rebellious Romansp122 However, due to the skill of Maximian, Galerius found every place hostile, fortified, and inaccessible. Though he forced his way as far as Narni, sixty miles from Rome, he controlled only his camp. As he was facing difficulties, Galerius made the first steps to reconciliation. He sent two officers to tempt the Romans by the offer of a conference. These offers were rejected with firmness, his friendship refused. Unless he retreated, he might meet the fate of Severus. It was not a moment too soon; money from Maxentius to his soldiers had corrupted their loyalty. When Galerius began his withdrawal from Italy, it was only with great difficulty that he managed to stop his veterans deserting him. In frustration, Galerius allowed his legions to ravage the countryside as they passed northwards. Maxentius declined to make a general engagement. With so many emperors now in existence, in 308 Galerius, the retired emperor Diocletian and Maximian called an imperial 'conference' at Carnuntum on the River Danube. Its aim was to bring some order back into the imperial government. Here it was agreed that Galerius’ long-time friend and military companion Licinius, who had been entrusted by Galerius with the defense of the Danube while Galerius was in Italy, would become Augustus in the West, with Constantine as his Caesar. In the East, Galerius remained Augustus and Maximinus remained his Caesar. Maximian was to retire, and Maxentius was declared a usurper. Galerius’ plan soon failed. The news of Licinius’ promotion was carried into the East, and Maximinus, who governed the provinces of Egypt and Syria, rejected his position as Caesar. Maximus claimed (and got) the equal title of Augustus. For the first, and indeed for the last time, six emperors administered the Roman world. Although the memory of a recent war divided the empire into two great hostile powers, their fears and the fading authority of Galerius produced an apparent tranquility in the imperial government. The last years of Galerius saw him keep the position of first among equals. He spent the rest of his time enjoying himself, and ordering some important public works, such as discharging into the Danube the superfluous waters of Lake Pelso, and cutting down the immense forests around it. Persecution of Christians. Christians had lived in peace during most of the rule of Diocletian. The persecutions that began with an edict of 24 February 303, were credited by Christians to the influence of Galerius. Christian houses of assembly were destroyed, for fear of secret gatherings. But in April 311 Galerius issued the general edict of toleration, from Nicomedia in his own name and in those of Licinius and Constantine. Lactantius gives the text of the edict in "De Mortibus Persecutorum" ('On the Deaths of the Persecutors', chapters 34, 35). This marked the end of official persecution of Christians. Galerius died on 5 May, 311. Placebo (disambiguation) Placebo may mean: Placebo effect (disambiguation) Placebo effect may refer to: Square foot gardening Square foot gardening is a method of gardening made popular by Mel Bartholemew in 1981. It is based on the idea that wide rows, used in traditional gardening, waste time, work, water, seeds and soil. It shows that quality vegetables can be grown in less space with less work. In this method, the garden space is divided into "beds", separated by paths. Each bed measures 4' × 4' ( × ), therefore covering an area of (). These beds are further divided into sixteen squares of about one square foot ( per side, ). A different type of plant is grown in each of those squares. A single large plant, like broccoli, will use one of the squares. Smaller plants can be spaced more tightly; for example, four heads of lettuce together in one square, or sixteen carrots. All work (planting, removing weeds, watering and harvesting) is done from the pathways. This stops the soil from being compacted. Blender A blender is an electric kitchen appliance used for making drinks, mixing liquids, and puréeing (chopping up into small bits) fruits and vegetables for sauces and soups. Parts of a blender. A blender consists of a glass or plastic container with a mounted blade in the bottom, and a base that has an electric motor and switches to turn on the motor or change its speed. Blenders are used to make milk shakes (a blend of ice cream and milk) and fruit smoothies (a mix of fruit and ice). Food made with blenders. Blenders are also used to make cold alcoholic drinks that include crushed ice or ice cream, such as margaritas and Mississippi Mudslide drinks. Drinking straw A drinking straw (or "straw") is a utensil used to consume cold drinks such as milk shakes, smoothies, cola, and fruit juice. Drinking straws are usually made from plastic that is formed into a tube. To use a drinking straw, a person places the straw in a glass that contains a liquid and then sucks the straw with their mouth. Straws are mainly plastic, but some straws are paper or cardboard to protect the environment. The oldest straw found is over 5000 years old. Straws have been found in Sumerian temples made of gold and lapis lazuli. The straws popularity came in the 1800s during the industrial revolution. Those straws were made of paper and turned to mush quickly. An inventor named Joseph Friedman invented a straw made of paper coated in glue so that it did not dissolve. Whole-tone scale In music, a whole tone scale is a scale in which each note is separated from the next one by an interval of a whole tone. There is always one note (a semitone) in between each neighbouring pair of notes of the whole-tone scale. Whatever note is started on, the whole tone scale will contain one of the following sets of notes: When a whole-tone scale is played on a piano, starting from a low note and moving up to high notes, while at the same time pressing the sustaining pedal (the right pedal), it makes a "dreamy" sound. It does not sound in any particular key, but floats along. It also sounds very good on a harp. Debussy uses the whole-tone scale a lot in his music, but he was not the first to do so. Russian composers such as Glinka in his opera "Ruslan and Ludmila" and Borodin in "Prince Igor" used the whole-tone scale. Later composers to use it include Alban Berg in his "Violin Concerto", and Béla Bartók in his "String Quartet No. 5". It has also been used in jazz. Pentatonic scale In music, a pentatonic scale is a scale with five notes in each octave. Pentatonic scales are very common and are found in folk music from all over the world. Any scale using five notes is "pentatonic" ("penta" is Greek for "five"). However, the pentatonic scale which is used in most Western music uses notes which do not have any semitones. A pentatonic scale starting on C will use the notes C,D,E,G,A (the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 6th notes of a major scale).. An easy way to find such a pentatonic scale is by using all the black notes of a keyboard. Using the pentatonic scale is a good way for children to make up their own tunes. It does not matter too much which note is used for the start and the finish, because there is no feeling of a clear key. The notes always sound good when played together. Many folk songs are pentatonic, or nearly pentatonic. Well-known songs such as "Land of the Silver Birch" or "Auld Lang Syne" are pentatonic tunes. Classical composers have sometimes used pentatonic scales, especially Claude Debussy. His piano piece "La fille aux cheveux de lin" has a tune which is pentatonic except for one note. Maurice Ravel used it to write music which sounded Chinese, and in his "Mother Goose" suite ("Ma Mère l'Oye") which sounds like a fairy tale. The pentatonic scales used in Indonesian gamelan music are called "slendro" and "pelog". pentatonic song: sing out your melody sing out your song sing a pentatonic scale starting on lah lah doh ray meh soh lah! Difficult words: Octave - An octave is the distance between two musical notes that have the same letter name. Folk music - Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century but is often applied to music that is older than that. Some types of folk music are also called world music. Semitones - A semitone, also called a half step or a half tone, is the smallest musical interval commonly used in Western tonal music, and it is considered the most dissonant when sounded harmonically. It is defined as the interval between two adjacent notes in a 12-tone scale (e.g. from C to C♯). This implies that its size is exactly or approximately equal to 100 cents, a twelfth of an octave. Major scale - The major scale or Ionian scale is one of the most commonly used musical scales, especially in Western music. It is one of the diatonic scales. Like many musical scales it is made up of seven notes: the eighth duplicates the first at double its frequency so that it is called a higher octave of the same note (from Latin "octavus", the eighth). Major scale In music theory, the major scale or Ionian scale is one of the diatonic scales. It is made up of seven separate notes, plus an eighth which is the same as the first an octave higher. In solfege these notes correspond to the syllables "Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Ti/Si, Do". The simplest major scale to write or play on the piano is C major, the only major scale not to require sharps or flats, using only the white keys on the piano keyboard: Shape. A major scale is a set of steps in the order "Whole:Whole:Half:Whole:Whole:Whole:Half" (tone, tone, semitone, tone, tone, tone, semitone). Western scales do not skip any line or space on the staff, and they do not repeat any note with a different accidental. This means that the key signature of the scale will feature just sharps "or" just flats. The circle of fifths. The Circle of Fifths was first described in 1728 by Johann David Heinichen in his book "Der General-bass". It has been used ever since as a way to show the relations between scales. The numbers inside the circle show the number of sharps or flats in the key signature, with the sharp keys going clockwise, and the flat keys counterclockwise from C major (which has no sharps or flats.) The circle depends on enharmonic relationships in the circle, which is six sharps or flats for the major keys of F = G and D = E for minor keys (Drabkin 2001). Seven sharps or flats make major keys (C major and C major) that are more easy to spell with five flats or sharps (as D major or B major). Harmonic properties. The major scale is used more often than the minor scale in Western music because of its unique harmonic properties. For example, the major third is much stronger in the harmonic series (it is the 5th, 10th and 20th harmonic – see below) than the minor third (the 19th harmonic). Minor scale A minor scale in music theory is any scale that has at least three scale degrees: the tonic, the minor third above the tonic, and the perfect fifth above the tonic. Together they make the minor triad. This includes many scales and modes such as Dorian mode and the Phrygian mode. In simple terms, a minor scale is a series of notes with a sad, somber character (exaggerated when heard back-to-back with a major scale). A minor scale begins on the sixth note of its relative major scale, and is built with the following pattern of half steps and whole steps:  i_whole_ii°_half_III_whole_iv_whole_v_half_VI_whole_VII_whole _i (next octave) Usually, when people talk about minor scales, they mean natural minor, harmonic minor, or melodic minor scales, which are the most common in Western music. Natural Minor. The natural minor scale is the same as the 6th mode (or Aeolian mode) of the major scale. For example, the white notes of a keyboard from one C to the next C up makes a C major scale. If the white notes are played starting from the sixth step of that C scale, (from any A to the next A), then an A natural minor scale (the "relative minor" of C) is produced. Harmonic and melodic minor. The harmonic minor scale is the same as the natural minor but with the seventh note raised by a semitone. Harmonic Minor Scale: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 For example, in the key of A minor, the harmonic minor scale is: A B C D E F G A One way the harmonic minor is different to the natural minor is that it has two chords which have the same structure when inverted, so they do not belong to any key. These are the diminished seventh chord (2nd, 4th, 6th and 7th degrees) and the augmented chord (the 3rd, 5th and 7th degrees). The harmonic minor is also sometimes called the Mohammedan scale because its upper tetrachord is the same as the Hijaz jins, often found in Middle Eastern music. The harmonic minor scale as a whole is sometimes called "Nahawand-Hijaz" in Arabic, or as "Bûselik Hicaz" in Turkish. The interval between the sixth and seventh degrees of this scale (in this case F and G) is an augmented second. While some composers, like Mozart, have used this interval in melodic composition, other composers found it awkward. They thought that a whole step between these two scale degrees was better for smooth melody writing, so they used the subtonic seventh, or raised the sixth scale degree. These two options are called the ascending melodic minor scale and descending melodic minor scale. The ascending has the same upper tetrachord to the major scale, and the descending is the same as the natural minor: A B C D E F G A' and then A' G F E D C B A respectively. Many composers do not stick to the notes of only one of these scales when writing music. Using the triad of the relative major is very common, but because this is based on the third degree of the minor scale, the raised seventh degree of the harmonic scale would cause an augmented triad. In this case, composers usually use the natural minor. In jazz, usually only the ascending minor is used. Finding key signatures. Major and minor keys that share the same key signature are called "relative"; so C major is the relative major of A minor, and C minor is the relative minor of E major. The relative major is a minor third above the tonic of the minor. For example, since the key signature of G major has one sharp (see major scales for how to find this), its relative minor, E minor, also has one sharp in its key signature. Music may be written in an enharmonic scale (e.g. A major, which only has four flats in its key signature, compared to the eight sharps required for G major). The following are enharmonic equivalents: Yeast Yeast are microorganisms. They are single-celled fungi. There are about 1,500 different species of yeast. Most reproduce asexually, by budding. Some use binary fission to reproduce asexually. A particular species of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been used for thousands of years. It is used for baking bread because the yeast makes carbon dioxide as a by-product of it eating sugar, which helps the bread rise (leaven). Yeast is also used for making beer and other alcoholic drinks by a process known as fermentation. This process produces both ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. Ethanol is also used as fuel, and to make other organic chemicals. Yeast can be used to make electricity. Yeast is also a model organism for studying cell biology. Some yeasts can cause infections in humans (they are pathogens). Budding Budding is a method of asexual reproduction. With budding, a new organism grows on another one. It stays attached, while it grows. Only when it is fully grown does it detach from the parent organism. Since the reproduction is asexual, the newly created organism is a clone and is genetically identical to the parent organism. This method (asexual reproduction) is done in favourable conditions Budding is very common in plants and fungi. Sometimes it can also be found with animals, for example with hydras or sponges. Binary fission Binary fission ("division in half") is a kind of asexual reproduction. It is the most common form of reproduction in prokaryotes such as bacteria. It occurs in some single-celled Eukaryotes like the "Amoeba" and the "Paramoecium". In binary fission DNA replication and segregation occur simultaneously. In binary fission, the fully grown parent cell splits into two halves, producing two pools. After replicating its genetic material, the parent cell divides into two equal sized daughter cells. The genetic material is replicated, then equally split. The daughter cells are genetically identical (unless a mutation occurs during replication). During binary fission, the DNA molecule divides and forms two DNA molecules. The cell then grows to create room for each molecule to move towards the opposite side of the bacterium. At the same time, the cell membrane divides to form 2 daughter cells. After division, the new cells grow and the process repeats itself. Binary fission occurs in eukaryotic tissue cells, but the process is more complicated: see mitosis. Basically, a cell copies its DNA, and then splits down the middle, creating two daughter cells. Charisma Carpenter Charisma Lee Carpenter (born July 23, 1970) is an American actress. She is best known for playing the character Cordelia Chase in the television series "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" and its spin-off "Angel". Personal life. Carpenter was born in Las Vegas, Nevada. At 15, her family moved to Rosarito B.C., Mexico. Later, they moved to Chula Vista (a suburb of San Diego). After graduating high school, she was a San Diego Chargers cheerleader in 1991 before beginning her Hollywood career. She had also sky-dived. She married Damian Hardy on October 5, 2002. She gave birth to their son Donavan Charles Hardy on March 24, 2003. Paul Watzlawick Paul Watzlawick PhD (July 25, 1921 – March 31, 2007) was a theoretician in communication theory. He also commented in the fields of family therapy and general psychotherapy. He lived and worked in California until his death in 2007 in Palo Alto. He formulated five axioms. They are: Works. Watzlawick is author of 18 books (in 85 foreign language editions) and more than 150 book articles and book chapters. Books he has written or on which he has collaborated include: Neurotransmitter Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers. They send information between neurons by crossing a synapse. Electrical signals are not able to cross the gap between most neurons. They are changed into chemical signals to cross the gap. Neurotransmitters act mostly on chemical synapses. Once they reach the next neuron they are absorbed. The neuron then changes this chemical signal back into an electrical signal called an action potential. The action potential passes across the next neuron and to the next synapse. Many neurotransmitters are made from amino acids, which are part of your diet and it takes only a few steps to convert them. Neurotransmitters play a major role in shaping everyday life and functions. Scientists do not yet know exactly how many neurotransmitters exist, but more than 100 chemical messengers have been identified. Each neurotransmitter has a different function. For example: dopamine is used in reward and pleasure and noradrenaline is used in an animal's "fight or flight" response. Neurotransmitters also regulate the passing of messages. This is because an action potential must be a certain strength before the neurotransmitters are released. The strength required to release the neurotransmitter is called a threshold. The most common transmitter is glutamate, which is excitatory at well over 90% of the synapses in the human brain. The next most prevalent is called GABA, which inhibits at more than 90% of the synapses that do not use glutamate. Neurotransmitters are transported within neurons by small "sacks" called vesicles. When these vesciles come into contact with the neuron's cell membrane, it opens. This releases the neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. Discovery. Until the early 20th century, scientists assumed that the majority of synaptic communication in the brain was electrical. However, through the careful histological examinations by Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934), a 20 to 40 nm gap between neurons, known today as the synaptic cleft, was discovered. The presence of the gap suggested chemical messengers moved across the synaptic cleft. In 1921 German pharmacologist Otto Loewi (1873–1961) confirmed that neurons can communicate by releasing chemicals. By experiments involving the vagus nerves of frogs, Loewi was able to slow the heart rate of frogs by controlling the amount of saline solution present around the vagus nerve. Loewi asserted that sympathetic regulation of cardiac function can be mediated through changes in chemical concentrations. Otto Loewi also discovered acetylcholine (ACh)—the first known neurotransmitter. Some neurons do, however, communicate by electrical synapses through the use of gap junctions, which allow specific ions to pass directly from one cell to another. Hard rock Hard rock is a variation of rock music with roots in early 1960s garage rock and psychedelic rock. The term "hard rock" may be used several genres such as punk rock and grunge in order to distinguish them from the more radio-friendly pop rock genre. Sally Beamish Sally Beamish (born London, 26 August 1956) is an English composer. She has written music for orchestra, chamber music, vocal and choral music. Sally studied the viola at the Royal Northern College of Music. Later she also studied in Germany and Italy. Sally started her career playing the viola in a chamber group called the Raphael Ensemble. The experience of playing in small groups was important for her development as a composer. Her music often combines and contrasts solo instruments, exploring the sounds they can make. She has written works for the Swedish and Scottish Chamber Orchestras and has had works performed at the BBC Proms. Her trumpet concerto, written for Håkan Hardenberger and the National Youth Orchestra of Scotland was performed at the Proms in 2003 with Martyn Brabbins conducting. She has also written concertos for the flute, viola, saxophone, percussion and accordion and is planning to write concertos for viola (her third), saxophone quartet and cello. She has written a stage musical about the Scottish Highlands. She lives in Scotland with her husband and young daughter. Nakhodka Nakhodka (Russian "Находка") is a port city in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It is one of the most eastern cities in Russia. Nakhodka is a port on the Japan Sea. It is located around Nakhodka Bay. "Nakhodka" means "Lucky find" in Russian. The village Amerikanka was the first permanent settlement at the location of the current city. It was founded in 1907. Nakhodka became an urban-type fishing settlement in 1941. It received city status on May 19, 1950. This date is now called "City Day". Economy. The economy of the city is based mainly on the port and port-related businesses. This include processing and canning fish. In Soviet times, Nakhodka was the only Soviet port in the Far East open to foreign vessels. After Vladivostok started being used by foreigners in 1991, the port of Nakhodka is not used as much as before. Economic activity in the city has become much less because of this.. Nakhodka is still an important international port. It is the center of the coastal trade. Exports include timber, coal, fluorspar, honey, fish and seafood. Sumatra Sumatra, known also as "Sumatera", is the sixth largest island in the world. It is in western Indonesia. It is to the west of the Sunda Islands, and is bordered by the Indian Ocean. Sumatra contains the provinces of Daerah Istimewa Aceh, Riau, Riau Islands, Bangka Belitung Islands, Jambi, Bengkulu, Lampung, North Sumatra, South Sumatra, and West Sumatra. Sumatra has an area of about 443,066 km². It is about long, and wide, at its widest point. In 2010, about 50 million people lived on Sumatra. Whigs The Whigs were a political faction and then a political party in the parliaments of England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Between the 1680s and 1850s, they contested power with their rivals, the Tories. The British prime minister was usually from one of the two parties. The Whigs played a central role in the Glorious Revolution of 1688, and were the enemies of the Stuart kings and pretenders, who were Roman Catholic. The Whigs took full control of the government in 1715. They held it until King George III, coming to the throne in 1760, allowed Tories back in. When they held power, the Whigs purged (got rid of) the Tories from all major positions in government, the army, the Church of England, the legal profession and local officials. Their most famous leader was Robert Walpole, who kept control of the government from 1721 to 1742. Espionage Espionage or spying is a practice of getting information about an organization, society, or country that is meant to be secret or confidential, without permission. Espionage usually involves having access to where the needed information is stored or to the people that know the information. In wartime, espionage is a war crime. The person who does it is called a "spy" or more vaguely an "agent". A "double agent" is one who trades information to both sides, and is (without their knowledge) being employed by both sides. Harrison Birtwistle Sir Harrison Birtwistle CH, (July 15, 1934 – April 18, 2022) was one of Britain's most important composers. He was born in Accrington, Lancashire. Early life. In 1952, Birtwistle entered the Royal Manchester College of Music in Manchester on a clarinet scholarship. While there he met other young composers like Peter Maxwell Davies and Alexander Goehr. Together with pianist John Ogdon and conductor Elgar Howarth, he formed the "New Music Manchester" group, which put on performances of modern music, especially music using serialism. Birtwistle left the college in 1955, then studied at the Royal Academy of Music and afterward made a living as a schoolteacher. In 1965 he got a Harkness Fellowship which gave him the opportunity to study composition in the United States. In 1975 Birtwistle became musical director of the new Royal National Theatre in London, a post he held until 1983. He was given a knighthood in 1988 and was made a Companion of Honour in 2000. From 1994 to 2001 he was Henry Purcell Professor of Composition at King's College London. Music. His music is quite complicated and modern in style. Sometimes it reminds one of Igor Stravinsky and Olivier Messiaen. Sometimes he uses blocks of sound like Edgard Varèse. His first opera "Punch and Judy" is quite different from a traditional Punch and Judy children's entertainment. It is very serious and quite violent. He has written other operas: "The Mask of Orpheus" (1984), "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight" (1990), "The Second Mrs Kong" (1994), and "The Last Supper" (2000), . When "Gawain" was performed in 1994 at the Royal Opera House a group of hecklers booed and whistled loudly. However, this only made the opera more famous as lots of people read about it and came to hear it. He wrote a piece called "Panic" for alto saxophone, jazz drum kit and orchestra. It was a very loud, harsh piece and it was a shock for the audience when it was first performed at the Last Night of the Proms, a concert at which people normally expect to hear music with easy, sing-along tunes. Death. Birtwistle died, aged 87, on April 18, 2022 at his home in Mere, Wiltshire from problems caused by a stroke he had in 2021. Punch and Judy (disambiguation) Punch and Judy could mean: Lorsch Lorsch is a small town in southwest Germany ( south of Frankfurt am Main) in the Kreis Bergstraße district of the state of Hessen. More than 12,000 people live in the town. It is the site of a Benedictine abbey, which used to be one of the greatest centers of Carolingian art. Several Carolingian kings of Germany were buried there. The abbey is also famous for the Lorsch Codex, which was produced there around the end of the 12th century. The abbey has been declared a World Heritage Site. The "Nibelungenlied" identifies Lorsch as the birthplace of Siegfried. Scottish Scottish usually refers to something from or related to Scotland, a country in northern Europe. These may include: Dominic Monaghan Dominic Bernard Patrick Luke Monaghan (born 8 December 1976) is an English actor. He is well known for playing Merry Brandybuck in Peter Jackson's movie trilogy of J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings". He is also well known for playing Charlie Pace on the television series "Lost". Personal life. Monaghan was born in Berlin to British parents. He has a tattoo on his right arm of the English word "nine" written with the Tengwar script. It means that his character was one of the nine members of the Fellowship of the Ring in "The Lord of the Rings". Many other cast members also got similar tattoos during the making of the movie. On his left arm is a tattoo that says "Living is easy with eyes closed", a line from The Beatles' song "Strawberry Fields Forever". On "Lost", Charlie's tape/bandage finger-rings with letters spelling out words were Monaghan's idea. He thought that because Charlie is an artist, he would still want to be creative even when trapped on an island. Monaghan also actually plays the guitar on "Lost". Dominic dated Evangeline Lilly while the two of them were on "Lost". The two broke up in 2007. Crazy Horse (cabaret) Le Crazy Horse Saloon or Le Crazy Horse Paris is a nightclub in Paris, founded in 1951. It is famous for its cabaret, which features nude female dancers. It was opened by Alain Bernardin, who also managed it until his suicide in 1994. Today the cabaret is run by Bernardin's children. The franchise includes "Crazy Horse Paris" for one in Las Vegas (formerly La Femme), at the MGM Grand. Other cabarets with similar names are separate enterprises. Cnidaria Cnidaria is a phylum with about 11,000 species of animals. All of them are simple and aquatic, and most of them live in the sea. Some are colonial, composed of zooids which may be clones. Cnidarian zooids may take the form of polyps or medusae at different phases of their life. Cnidaria take their name from special cells which have organelles that sting: the nematocysts. This device is largely responsible for their success: it is their main specialised and distinctive cell type. Pronunciation. The word Cnidaria is spoken without the initial "C", and with a long "i". So it sounds like "Naidaria". In a similar way, the term Ctenophore is pronounced as "Teenophore". Originally, a Greek kappa was in front of the words, and it was pronounced. The name comes from Greek language "knidi", "nettle", thus mening "nettle-like animals" as all cnidarians have stinging cells like nettles. Subdivisions. There are five classes in the group. Jellyfish occur in four of the classes. Unranked, but now known to be cnidarians, is the parasitic group Myxozoa. Basic body forms. Adult cnidarians are usually either free-swimming medusae or sessile polyps. Many alternate between the two forms. Both forms are radially symmetrical, like a wheel and a tube respectively. Most have fringes of tentacles equipped with cnidocytes around their edges. Medusae usually have an inner ring of tentacles around their mouth. Some hydroids may be colonies of zooids which serve different purposes: defence, reproduction and catching prey. The mesoglea of medusae is a thick and springy jelly, so it returns to its original shape after muscles around the edge have contracted. This makes a sort of jet propulsion. Skeletons. In medusae the only supporting structure is the jelly inside their cell layers. "Hydra" and most sea anemones close their mouths when they are not feeding, and the water in the digestive cavity then acts as a kind of skeleton, rather like a water-filled balloon. Other polyps such as "Tubularia" use columns of water-filled cells for support. Sea pens stiffen the mesogleal jelly with calcium carbonate spicules and tough fibrous proteins, rather like sponges. In some colonial polyps, a chitinous periderm gives support and some protection to the connecting sections and to the lower parts of individual polyps. Stony corals secrete massive calcium carbonate exoskeletons. A few polyps collect materials such as sand grains and shell fragments, which they attach to their outsides. Some colonial sea anemones stiffen the mesoglea with sediment particles. Fossil record. There is a long fossil record for the corals, and soft-bodied forms appear in some exceptional strata. Some are believed to be among the Ediacaran biota. Path Path may refer to: Physical paths: In mathematics and computing: Calvinism Calvinism belongs to the Reformed tradition of Protestantism. This tradition goes back to John Calvin and other theologians. Important Calvinists from Europe include: Martin Bucer, Heinrich Bullinger, Peter Martyr Vermigli, and Huldrych Zwingli, and from England, reformers Thomas Cranmer and John Jewel. Because John Calvin had great influence and played an important role in the confessional and ecclesiastical debates throughout the 17th century, the tradition generally became known as Calvinism. Today, this term also means the doctrines and practices of the Reformed churches, of which Calvin was an early leader, and the system is perhaps best known for its doctrines of predestination and total depravity. Historical background. John Calvin's international influence on the development of the doctrines of the Protestant Reformation began at the age of 25, when he started work on his first edition of the "Institutes of the Christian Religion" in 1534 (published 1536). Alongside the work he contributed to confessional documents for use in churches, Calvin's beliefs and practices left a direct influence on Protestantism. He is only one of many people to influence the doctrines of the Reformed churches, but he eventually became one of the most prominent theologians. The rising importance of the Reformed churches, and of Calvin, happened in the second phase of the Protestant Reformation, when evangelical churches began to form, after Martin Luther, another important Reformer, was excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church. Calvin was a French exile in Geneva. He had signed the Lutheran Augsburg Confession in 1540, but his importance came from the Swiss Reformation. This was not Lutheran, but followed Huldrych Zwingli and then Calvin. True Calvinism (historical Calvinism) does not teach that God chooses who will be saved and who will not be saved. Instead, it teaches that for God's own glory, He recreates men with a new nature - a nature that loves God and hates sin - instead of men keeping their old nature, as if they kept their old nature, they would not want to follow God. Historical Calvinism also teaches that if God did not choose to save someone, there would be no-one to be saved. The spread of Calvinism. Although much of Calvin's practice was in Geneva, his publications spread his ideas of a reformed church to many parts of Europe. Calvinism became the theology of most Christians in Scotland (see John Knox), the Netherlands, and parts of Germany, and was influential in France, Hungary, Transylvania, and Poland. Calvinism was popular as well for some time in Scandinavia, especially Sweden, but was rejected in favor of Lutheranism after the synod of Uppsala in 1593. Most settlers in the American Mid-Atlantic and New England were Calvinists, including the Puritans and Dutch settlers of New Amsterdam (New York). Dutch Calvinist settlers were also the first successful European colonizers of South Africa, beginning in the 17th century, who became known as Boers or Afrikaners. Some of the largest Calvinist communions were started by 19th and 20th century missionaries; especially large are those in Korea and Nigeria. John Calvin Jean Cauvin, also Jean Calvin (John Calvin in English) (July 10, 1509 – May 27, 1564), was a French Protestant theologian during the Protestant Reformation and was a central developer of the system of Christian theology called Calvinism or Reformed theology. In Geneva, he rejected Papal authority, established a new scheme of civic and ecclesiastical governance. He is famous for his teachings and writings and infamous for his role in the execution of Michael Servetus. Calvin was born with the name "Jean Chauvin" (or "Cauvin", in Latin "Calvinus") in Noyon, Picardie, France, to Gérard Cauvin and Jeanne Lefranc. In 1523, Calvin's father, a lawyer, sent his fourteen-year-old son to the University of Paris to study humanities and law. By 1532, he had attained a Doctor of Law degree at Orléans. In 1536, he settled in Geneva, Switzerland. After being expelled from the city, he served as a pastor in Strasbourg from 1538 until 1541, before returning to Geneva, where he lived until his death in 1564. Calvin's thought. Calvin trained to be a lawyer. He studied with some of the best teachers of the Renaissance in France. Some of the training used newer humanistic methods of trying to understand, dealing with a text directly. The training was important for Calvin. When he started to believe in Evangelicalism, he used these methods with the Bible. He used the bible to form his thoughts. He taught and preached what he believed the Bible taught. Reformers such as Jan Hus and Martin Luther are seen as original thinkers that started a movement. Calvin was a great logician. He organised a movement. He was not so much an innovator in doctrine. Calvin knew the writings of the early Church Fathers and the great Medieval schoolmen very well. Earlier Reformers also influenced him. Calvin did not disagree with the Scholastics of the Middle Ages completely. He used them and adapted their thoughts according to his understanding of the Bible. Calvin is often associated with the doctrines of predestination and election. He had similar ideas to the other magisterial Reformers about these doctrines. Last years (1555–1564). Calvin's power was very great in his last years. He was known all around the world as a reformer different from Martin Luther. Mainly, Luther and Calvin respected each other. However, Luther and a Zürich reformer Huldrych Zwingli thought differently about the eucharist. Calvin's thoughts about it made Luther believe that Calvin agreed with Zwingli. At the same time, Calvin was sad that the reformers were not all together. He tried to join them together by signing the "Consensus Tigurinus". This was an agreement between the Zürich and Geneva churches. Calvin's greatest help to the English-speaking people was by giving Marian exiles in Geneva protection. He did this starting in 1555. With the city's protection, they could make their own reformed church under John Knox and William Whittingham. They later carried many of Calvin's ideas back to England and Scotland. However, Calvin was most interested in trying to change his homeland, France. He helped the building of churches by giving out literature and offering ministers. Between 1555 and 1562, over one hundred ministers were sent to France. Inside Geneva, Calvin mainly wanted to make a "collège", a school for children. A place to build the school was picked on March 25, 1558. It was opened the next year on June 5, 1559. It was divided into two parts. One part was a grammar school. The grammar school was called the "collège" or "schola privata". The other part was an advanced school called the "académie" or "schola publica". In five years there were 1,200 students in the grammar school and 300 in the advanced school. The "collège" later became the Collège Calvin, one of the college preparatory schools of Geneva. The "académie" became the University of Geneva. In autumn 1558, Calvin became ill with a fever. He was afraid he might die before finishing his last revision of the "Institutes". Because of this, he forced himself to work. The last edition became much longer, so Calvin called it a new work. It was 21 chapters in the edition before the last one. However, in the last one, it was 80. This was because of more detail in the material that was already there: more subjects were not really added. Soon after he became better, he strained his voice while preaching. This made him cough violently. He burst a blood-vessel in his lungs. His health became much worse after this. He preached his last sermon in St. Pierre on February 6, 1564. On April 25, he made his will. In his will, he left a little money to his family and to the "collège". A few days later, the ministers of the church came to visit him. He died of septicaemia. This goodbye is recorded in "Discours d'adieu aux ministres". He remembered his life in Geneva. Calvin died on May 27, 1564. He was 54. On the next day, he was buried in an unmarked grave in the Cimetière de Plainpalais. People are not sure where the grave is exactly. However, a stone was added in the 19th century to mark a grave traditionally thought to be Calvin's. Trebuchet A Trebuchet was a device used in wars and sieges in the Middle Ages. It could be used to throw stones at ramparts, trying to break them down. It could also be used to throw things over the walls of a city. These could be corpses of animals or people that had died of the plague. Trebuchets were more accurate than other medieval catapults. Trebuchets were first made in China in the 4th century BC. How it works. The trebuchet works in a simple way. The basket of the trebuchet is filled with heavy rocks. This acts as a counterweight for the other end, which is usually filled with one large rock. Several men arm the trebuchet by raising the counterweight up and the firing arm down. At this point the arm is released, the heavy basket swings down and the arm swings up, launching the rock far and fast. The sling adds an additional 10-15 feet of arm length and gives the projectile a whip like speed then releases. The sling gives the projectile most of its speed. Tarascon Tarascon, sometimes called Tarascon-sur-Rhône, is a city in the south of France. The city is about 20 km from either Arles or Avignon. The city was founded by the Romans in the year 48. Some people know the city from the book Tartarin de Tarascon by Alphonse Daudet. There is also a castle near the city. About 14.000 people lived in Tarascon in 2003. Kurdistan Kurdistan (Kurdish: کوردستان, Kurdistan; lit. "land of the Kurds") or Greater Kurdistan, in West Asia is the region where the Kurdish population is the ethnic and linguistic majority. In Turkey, the provinces of Ağrı, Bingöl, Bitlis, Diyarbakır, Hakkari, Mardin, Muş, Siirt, Tunceli, Van, Batman, Şırnak and Iğdır Provinces are Kurdish majority population, while Urfa Province has 47%, and Kars Province has 20% Kurdish population. In Iran, the provinces of Kermanshah, West Azerbaijan, Ilam, and Kordestan Provinces are Kurdish majority population. Aigues-Mortes Aigues-Mortes (French for "dead waters") is a city in the south of France. It is in the Languedoc-Roussillon region. It was originally founded by the Romans in the year 102 BC. The first records mentioning it under its current name date from the 10th century. Louis IX of France rebuilt the port in the 13th century. It was the only French port of the Mediterranean at that time. The city is laid out as a bastide. It was the starting point for the Seventh Crusade (1248) and Eighth Crusade (1270). Due to changes of the coastline, the city is several miles from the sea. It is linked to the sea through a canal, nowadays. It has well-preserved city walls. In 1999, about 6.000 people lived there. Aigues-Mortes is about 35 km from Nîmes. 3 BC Year 3 BC was a common year starting on Wednesday or Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lentulus and Messalla. 6 BC Year 6 BC was a common year starting on Sunday or Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Balbus and Vetus. Leopold II of Belgium Leopold II (Léopold Louis Philippe Marie Victor) (9 April 1835 – 17 December 1909) was King of the Belgians. He was born in Brussels. He was the second (but oldest surviving) son of Leopold I and Louise of Orléans. He succeeded his father to the throne on 17 December 1865. He was king until his death. Biography. Leopold is mainly remembered as the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free State. He lay claim to the Congo, an area now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He treated the people badly in order to make money. His harsh rule was responsible for the deaths of between five to 10 million Congolese people. The Congo became one of the most infamous international scandals of the early 20th century. As a result, Leopold II was forced to give control of it to the government of Belgium. Despite owning and ruling it as a dictator, Leopold II never visited the Congo Free State and Africa. Personal life. Leopold II married Archduchess Marie Henriette of Austria, in Brussels on 22 August 1853. On 15 November 1902, Italian anarchist Gennaro Rubino tried to assassinate Leopold. Rubino fired three shots at the King. The shots missed Leopold and Rubino was immediately arrested. Leopold II had a wedding ceremony with Caroline Lacroix, a prostitute, on 14 December 1909, five days before his death. This was not legal under Belgian law. He was succeeded as King of the Belgians by his nephew Albert, son of his brother Philippe. References. George V George V (born George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 186520 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom. He was the first British monarch with the family name Windsor. His father was Edward VII. George was born in 1865. He was in the Royal Navy when he was twelve; he left the Navy to become king. George was crowned King and Emperor of India in 1911. He was married to Princess Mary of Teck. As King during World War I, George and his wife visited the warfront regularly. He changed the family name to "Windsor" to remove any association with a German heritage, because Germany was very unpopular at this time. Among other things, he started the "Royal Christmas Broadcast" tradition. He was known for being a stamp collector. His sons Edward and George would later become kings of the United Kingdom and British Empire. George was a popular monarch. His granddaughter is the late British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II. Early life and family. George was born the second son of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra). He married a distant cousin (his double second cousin once removed) Mary of Teck (later Queen Mary), and they stayed married until his death. George was known as the Duke of York for many years until his grandmother, Queen Victoria, died peacefully at the age of 81. His father, Edward, inherited the throne gaining the nickname "Edward the Peaceful" for his hard work maintaining stability when tensions were increasing. Edward's death was greeted with great sadness across the empire, George describing him as "my best friend". By the time George became king Britain was the richest, most powerful nation in the world and during his reign the Empire expanded to its greatest ever extent. King and Emperor. George was quick to prove himself a decent and popular monarch. He became a symbol of British resistance during the First World War in which he, and his wife, visited the war front regularly. However, at home his popularity was waning with even H.G Wells referring to him as "an alien" because of his German background (his grandfather Prince Albert was German). Growing increasingly worried he changed the family name to “Windsor" to remove any association with a German heritage. He was seriously injured when thrown by his horse at a troop review in France. As the war came to a close many world monarchies were abolished or diminished, yet under the reign of George V the monarchy remained very much firmly established and as popular with the ordinary public as his late father. He worked hard as King, visiting many places and meeting many people, from world leaders to working class miners. The King also made friendly relations with socialist Labour party politicians and trade union members. The King, if anything was ahead of his ministers and understood the Empire better. He advised the government during the General Strike of 1926 not to take a hard line against the protestor stating "Try living on their wages before you judge them." Again, unlike most ministers, George became concerned by the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazis. He warned that within ten years there would be yet another world war and told many to be suspicious of the Nazis. He was correct with war in fact breaking out just three years after his death. Among other things, he is also credited for starting the Royal Christmas Broadcast tradition in 1932. His Silver Jubilee in 1935 was greeted with jubilations and was a very well loved king across all classes of society. Afterwards however his health suddenly declined. It was in these later years when George's relationship with his eldest son and heir, Edward, deteriorated. George was cross with Edward's failure to settle down in life and was angered and appalled by his many affairs with married women. Edward did not take royal duties seriously and, although quite popular, preferred partying and luxury, in direct conflict with George's sense of duty and hard work. George said of his son Edward: "After I am dead, the boy will ruin himself within 12 months", indeed he was correct: less than a year after taking the throne, Edward abdicated, causing the family damage to its reputation. George V was regarded as a wise King with good judgement. Death. Seriously ill, on the evening of 15 January 1936, the King took to his bedroom at Sandringham House feeling unwell; he died on the 20th January. He was 70 years old. He lay in Westminster Hall before his state funeral. A night previous all his surviving sons mounted guard, known as the Vigil of the Princes as a mark of deep respect. Statues of King George V were erected across the world and he has been portrayed numerous times by actors. It was not known until recently that he had been deliberately euthanized by his chief physician, Lord Dawson of Penn. Dawson issued a bulletin with words that became famous: "The King's life is moving peacefully towards its close". Dawson's private diary, unearthed after his death and made public in 1986, reveals that the King's last words, a mumbled "God damn you!", were addressed to his nurse when she gave him a sedative on the night of 20 January. Dawson wrote that he hastened the King's death by injecting him with a lethal combination of morphine and cocaine. Dawson noted that he acted to preserve the King's dignity, to prevent further strain on the family, and so that the King's death at 11:55 p.m. could be announced in the morning edition of "The Times" newspaper rather than "less appropriate ... evening journals". This account, revealed in 1986, caused great astonishment. Euthanasia was completely illegal in Britain at the time of Dawson's action. Titles. HM King George V had many titles from his birth to his death. His titles were: He was also often referred to as His Imperial Majesty The King within the British Empire or His Most Gracious Majesty The King, although this was not his official title. Candy Candy, also called a sweet, is a sweet kind of food that is usually made from sugar and water, with flavors and other ingredients added. The word "candy" comes from the Persian word for "cane sugar",(نیشکر), and probably also from Sanskrit khanda, which means "piece (of sugar)". Candy is found in almost any store because they are made in many companies. Candy can also be made at home. Many people like candy and think it tastes good. Other people do not like it. Candy contains lots of sugar, so it is not very healthy, but can be eaten sometimes. It is the most common snacking food, and there are hundreds of flavors, shapes, and sizes. Candy is not limited to being sweet. Candy can be spicy in different cultures. Loanword A loanword is a word that is adopted by a language that comes from another language. Since people who speak different languages often need to talk to each other, it is actually very common for languages to "borrow" words from other languages. Examples of this can be seen in the English language because it has many loanwords. When the Normans took over England during the Norman Conquest in 1066, they made French the official language of England. Since then, many French words later became English words. For example, the English words beef, pork, poultry, and mutton are loanwords based on the Norman French names of the animals cow, swine, chicken, and sheep in that same order. In English, the loanwords mean the meat of those animals specifically. Since later the British Empire took over many different countries and people, they also borrowed many words from the languages of the people they took over. An example of this is the word "jungle", which is a Hindi word that has been adopted into English. Languages often use loanwords because cultures learn about new ideas and inventions from people of the languages they borrow from. For example, in English the names of meats and wines often come from French, musical terms often come from Italian, and philosophical terms often come from German. Although native English speakers are now familiar with Chinese ideas and inventions, they are often called by their Japanese names in English because these were introduced to Americans through Japan. China, on the other hand, was closed off from the world when its ideas and inventions spread throughout the world because its communist government stopped communication with most outside countries, including America. The names of food are some of the most common loanwords across languages because people may not have any idea of what the food is like when they are first introduced to a certain culture. For example, Italian food usually has Italian names like "spaghetti" and "pasta", Japanese food has Japanese names like "sushi" and "tempura", and Mexican food has Spanish names like "tacos" and "carnitas". Moray eel Moray eels are a family of eel. Sometimes they are also called by their Latin name Muraenidae. Moray eels can be found all over the world. There are 200 different species in 15 genera. Body. Like other eels, Moray eels look something like a fish and something like a snake. The body is generally patterned. In some species, the inside of the mouth is also patterned. Moray eels normally have wide jaws and large sharp teeth, but some types of Moray eel have blunt teeth which help them to eat animals that live in shells. Morays also have pharyngeal jaws inside the main jaws. Typically, moray eels grow to a length of about 1.5 metres. The largest known moray eel is the Slender giant moray, which can reach 4 metres in length. Moray eels live in coral reefs and rocky areas, at a depth of about 200m. Habitat. The moray eel can be found in both freshwater habitats and saltwater habitats. However most live in the sea in salt water, never entering fresh water. Moray eels normally live in warmer waters, but it depends on the type of eel. Feeding behavior. Morays are opportunistic, carnivorous predators and feed primarily on smaller fish, crabs, and octopuses. There are not many animals that eat eels, but groupers, barracudas and sea snakes do eat them. Humans also eat eels. Relationship with humans. Humans eat eels, but sometimes Moray eels will give people food poisoning. Moray eels are also caught to put in aquariums for people to look at. Some types of Moray eel may be considered beautiful and hard to find, in which case they will be expensive to buy. Anguilloidei The Anguilloidei are a suborder of the order Anguilliformes (the eels) containing three families: This suborder used to have included several other families that have recently been moved to new suborders: Chlopsidae (false morays), Heterenchelyidae (mud eels), Moringuidae (worm eels), Muraenidae (moray eels), and Myrocongridae (thin eels). Carcassonne Carcassonne () is a fortified French town, in the "Aude département", Occitanie region. It is separated into the fortified "Cité de Carcassonne" and the more expansive lower city, the "ville basse". This bastide, which was thoroughly restored from 1853 by the theorist and architect Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 1997. History. Romans fortified the hilltop of Carcassonne around 100 BC and eventually made it the "colonia" of "Julia Carsaco", later "Carcasum". The main part of the lower courses of the northern ramparts dates from Gallo-Roman times. In 462 the Romans officially left and the Visigothic king Theodoric II built more fortifications at Carcassonne, some of them still stand. In 760, Pippin was unable to take Carcassonne, although he was able to most of the south of France. In 1067 Carcassonne became the property of Raimond Bernard Trencavel, viscount of Albi and Nîmes. Carcassonne became famous in its role in the Albigensian Crusades, when the city was a stronghold of occitan cathars. In August 1209 the crusading army of Simon de Montfort forced its citizens to surrender. He added to the fortifications. Carcassonne became a border citadel between France and Aragon. Geography. Carcassonne is at about southeast of Toulouse in the space between the Pyrenees and the Massif Central of France. It is at the crossing of two major traffic routes: the route leading from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean and that from the Massif Central to Spain, skirting the Pyrenees. Both routes exist since ancient history. The "commune" is in the valley of the Aude river. Another river that flows through the city is the Fresquel river. The Canal du Midi also flows through the "commune". The "commune" of Carcassonne has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is . The "commune" of Carcassonne is surrounded by the "communes": Climate. The climate of Carcassonne, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - oceanic climate with warm summers. Population. The inhabitants of Carcassonne are known, in French, as "Carcassonnais" (women: "Carcassonnaises "). With a population of 45,941, Carcassonne has a population density of inhabitants/km2. Evolution of the population in Carcassonne Carcassonne forms, with other 2 "communes", the urban area of Carcassonne with a population of 49,257 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Carcassonne, formed by 71 "communes" with a population of 98,318 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . Education. A campus of the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation academy) is in Carcassonne. Administration. Carcassonne is the prefecture of the Aude department, the capital of the "arrondissement" of Carcassonne and the administrative centre () of three cantons: It is part of the intercommunality "Carcassonne Agglo" (). Twinned and partner towns. Carcassonne is twinned with: The fortified city. The fortifications consist of a double ring of ramparts and 53 towers. In 1849, the architect Eugène Viollet-le-Duc took over restoration works. At his death in 1879 his pupil Paul Boeswillwald, and later the architect Nodet continued the rehabilitation of Carcassonne. The restoration was strongly criticized during Viollet-le-Duc's lifetime because he made the error of using slates and restoring the roofs as pointed cones, where local practice was traditionally of tile roofing and low slopes, as in this region snow was very seldom. But today Viollet-le-Duc's work at Carcassonne is thought to be a work of genius, even if it is not exactly the same as it was. Carcassonne (disambiguation) Carcassonne can mean: Villeneuve-sur-Lot Villeneuve-sur-Lot (Gascon: "Vilanuèva d'Olt") is a town and commune in southwestern France, in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It is a subprefecture of the Lot-et-Garonne department. The commune was formerly named "Villeneuve-d'Agen". It is also the capital of the "arrondissement" of Villeneuve-sur-Lot and of 2 "cantons" in the department: Villeneuve-sur-Lot-1 and Villeneuve-sur-Lot-2. History. The region where the city is was first populated by the Romans. In the 11th century, a Benedictine abbey was constructed near where is the city now. There was a small village of potters and farmers around the abbey. Between 1254 and 1263, Alphonse of Poitiers had a bastide built. He also gave the bastide city rights. The bastide has a rectangular look, with a central square. Because of its privileged geographical situation on the river lot, the city played an important role in wars of the region: Geography. The "commune" has an area of . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is . Villeneuve-sur-Lot is surrounded by the "communes" Lédat, Castelnaud-de-Gratecambe, La Sauvetat-sur-Lède, Monflanquin, Savignac-sur-Leyze, Saint-Aubin, Trentels, Saint-Sylvestre-sur-Lot, Penne-d'Agenais, Hautefage-la-Tour, Pujols and Bias. The Lot river flows through the city of Villeneuve-sur-Lot. The Lède river, a tributary of the Lot, flows through the northern part of the "commune". Climate. The climate of Villeneuve-sur-Lot is an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), with mild winters and warm summers. Population. The inhabitants of Villeneuve-sur-Lot are known, in French, as "Villeneuvois" (women: "Villeneuvoises"). With a population of 23,263, Villeneuve-sur-Lot has a population density of inhabitants/km2. Evolution of the population in Villeneuve-sur-Lot Administration. Villeneuve-sur-Lot is a subprefecture of the Lot-et-Garonne department since 1800. It is also the capital of the "arrondissement" of Villeneuve-sur-Lot and the administrative centre () of 2 cantons: It is part of the intercommunality "Grand Villeneuvois" (). Twin towns. Villeneuve-sur-Lot is twinned with: Agen Agen is a commune in southwestern France, in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It is the prefecture of the Lot-et-Garonne department and the capital of the "arrondissement" of Agen. The "Agenais", the region where is the "commune", is a natural region of the old province of Aquitaine, now in Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Geography. Agen is in the southeast of the Lot-et-Garonne department, on the right (eastern) side of the Garonne river and close to the Canal de Garonne. The city is at about from Toulouse and from Bordeaux. The "commune" has an area of . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is . Agen is surrounded by the "communes" Colayrac-Saint-Cirq, Foulayronnes, Pont-du-Casse, Bon-Encontre, Boé and Le Passage. Climate. The climate of Agen is Marine West Coast Climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), with mild winters and warm summers. Population. The inhabitants of Agen are known, in French, as "Agenais" (women: "Agenaises"). With a population of 34,126, Agen has a population density of inhabitants/km2. Evolution of the population in Agen Agen forms, together with other 15 "communes", the urban area of Agen with a population of 81,110 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Agen, formed by 64 "communes", with a population of 112,801 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . Administration. Agen is the "prefecture" of the Lot-et-Garonne department since 1790. It is also the capital of the "arrondissement" of Agen and the administrative centre () of 4 cantons: It is part of the intercommunality "Agen" (). Twin towns. Agen is twinned with: Miscellaneous. Agen is the "capital of the prune", a local produce sold as a sweet (stuffed with prune purée) or as an after-dinner delight (prunes soaked in Armagnac – a type of brandy). Every September, the Prune festival organizes rock concerts, circuses and prune tasting. Libourne Libourne (; ) is a commune in the Gironde department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwestern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department. It is the wine-making capital of northern Gironde and lies near Saint-Émilion and Pomerol, both known for their wines. History. Libourne was created as a bastide by Roger de Leybourne in 1270. The original name of "Leybourne" changed to the present "Libourne". Its original aim was to be a port to ship wine of the Dordogne valley to England. Geography. Libourne is at the confluence of the Isle and Dordogne rivers. The city is at about from Bordeaux and from Arcachon. It has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is . Libourne is surrounded by the "communes" Les Billaux, Lalande-de-Pomerol, Pomerol, Saint-Émilion, Moulon, Génissac, Arveyres, Fronsac and Saillans. Climate. The climate of Libourne is Marine West Coast Climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb), with mild winters and warm summers. Population. The inhabitants of Libourne are known, in French, as "Libournais" (women: "Libournaises"). With a population of 24,595, Libourne has a population density of inhabitants/km2. Evolution of the population in Libourne Administration. Libourne is a sub-prefecture of the Gironde department since 1790. It is also the capital of the "arrondissement" of Libourne and the administrative centre () of the "canton" of Le Libournais-Fronsadais with 53,307 inhabitants .: It is part of the intercommunality "Le Libournais" (). Twin towns. Libourne is twinned with: Mirepoix (Ariège) Mirepoix is a city in the south of France. Today, about 3.000 people live there. It was founded as a bastide. Though it is not a bastide in the sense that it is a planned city. It was rebuilt following complete destruction after the local river overboarded. This reconstruction was done according to the 'bastide' idea. Kiss (Kiss album) Kiss is the self-titled first album from the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on February 8, 1974. Hotter Than Hell Hotter Than Hell is the second album from the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on October 22, 1974. Dressed to Kill Dressed to Kill is the third studio album from the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on March 19, 1975. Alive! Alive! is the fourth album from the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It is also their first live album. It was released on September 10, 1975. Destroyer (album) Destroyer is the fourth studio album and fifth album overall by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on March 15, 1976. 12-hour clock The 12-hour clock is a way of dividing the 24 hours of the day into two sections. The two halves are called ante meridiem (a.m.) and post meridiem (p.m.). Both names are from Latin, and numbered from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Time from midnight to noon is a.m. and from noon to midnight p.m. The table at right shows how it relates to the 24-hour clock. Classic Classic could mean: Norfolk County Fair and Horse Show The Norfolk County Fair and Horse Show is an annual showcase of rides, country music, carnival food, expensive contraptions, and horses that takes place in Simcoe, Ontario, Canada. The fair has been held in Norfolk County since the 19th Century. Simcoe Composite School people enjoy the competitions and cheerleading that goes on in the grandstands. Bootylicious Bootylicious is a song sung by R&B girl group Destiny's Child. It is on their third album "Survivor" 2001 and was the second single from the album. It was their fourth U.S. number-one single and reached the top-five in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. The music video was directed by Matthew Rolston. The word "bootylicious" is a combination of "booty" (buttocks) and "delicious". Rigor mortis Rigor Mortis, the first sign of post-mortem decomposition, literally translates to ‘stiffness of death’ in Latin. As the name suggest, rigor mortis is the process in which a body stiffens after death. During this process, all the muscles in the body contract, and they do not relax for approximately 36 hours. Three to four hours after death, bodies begin to show signs of rigor mortis, and all muscles are fully contracted after 12 hours. The use of muscles in everyday actions causes the filaments in our muscles to knit together. When we stop using the muscles, the Adenosine triphosphate (the energy within the cell - ATP) helps untangle the filaments. But when someone dies, their body no longer can create ATP, so the muscles are unable to untangle, so they remain contracted. Rigor mortis ends when autolysis (the self-digestion of cells) takes place. Post mortem, the cell digests its own walls, and the muscles break down, meaning they no longer have the strength to remain rigid. Colosseum The Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, is a large artefact or structure in the city of Rome. The construction of the Colosseum started around 70–72 AD and was finished in 80 AD. Emperor Vespasian started all the work, and Emperor Titus completed the colosseum. Emperor Domitian made some changes to the building between 81–96 AD. It had seating for 50,000 people. It is the biggest amphitheatre built by the Roman Empire. It was built between 81-96 AD. The Colosseum is in Rome, the capital of Italy. More precisely, it is on the east bank of the Tiber, the river that crosses the city, east of the ancient Roman forum. A forum in antiquity was a geographical area in which were the main buildings of power, as well as the large square on which the population met. It was both a busy place to live, a place to get married, big parties, community meetings, and so on. The stadium was less than a kilometer to the southwest, the Capitol was a little over a mile to the west. Colosseum was first called the Flavian Amphitheatre or in Latin, the Amphitheatrum Flavium. This was after Vespasian and Titus who had the family name of "Flavius". It was used for gladiatorial contests, and other shows like "animal hunts", in which animals would hunt and eat prisoners; or in which gladiators would fight against animals. There were also executions of prisoners, plays, and battle scenes; sometimes it was filled with water to fight sea battles. The people of Rome could go into the Colosseum without any costs; it was free. In the Middle Ages, after the mid-fifth century, it was no longer used for performances. It was then used as housing, workshops, a Christian shrine, and as a supply of building stones. It is now in ruins because of earthquakes. The Colosseum is a symbol of the Roman Empire. It is one of Rome's most popular tourist attractions. On Good Fridays, the Pope leads a torch lit "Way of the Cross" procession around the various levels of the amphitheatre. The Colosseum appears on the Euro five cent coins. Sighting views. The building of the Colosseum began under the rule of the Emperor Vespasian in around 70–72 AD. The area was flat, in a valley between the Caelian, Esquiline and Palatine Hills. There was a stream flowing through the valley, but this had been made into a canal. People had been living in this area for over 200 years, but the houses were destroyed in the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD. The Emperor Nero took much of the land for his own use. He built a grand palace, the "Domus Aurea" which had a lake, gardens, paths covered with a roof held up by columns (porticoes), and large shelters (pavilions) to sit in. He had the "Aqua Claudia" aqueduct made longer to supply water to the area. There was also a big bronze statue of Nero, the Colossus of Nero, at the front of the Domus Aurea. In 68 AD, Nero lost control of the government. The Senate made him a public outlaw, and he killed himself soon after. A great moment. To celebrate the end of Nero's rule, the Emperor Vespasian built the Colosseum on the site of Nero's lake. This was seen as giving back the land to the people of Rome. The Romans often built monuments to celebrate important events, and the Colosseum is a part of that tradition. Most of the Domus Aurea was torn down. The lake was filled in and the land used for the Colosseum. Schools for gladiators and other buildings were put up in the old gardens of the Domus Aurea. The Colossus was left in place, but Nero's head was replaced. Vespasian renamed it after the sun-god, Helios ("Colossus Solis"). Many historians say that the name of the Colosseum comes from the statue, the Colossus. Usually in Roman cities, the amphitheatres were built on the edge of the city. The Colosseum was built in the city centre; in effect, placing it in the real and symbolic heart of Rome. Fights. The Colosseum had been completed up to the third story by the time of Vespasian's death in 79. The top level was finished and the building opened by his son, Titus, in 80. Cassius Dio said that over 9,000 wild animals were killed during the opening games. The building was changed by Vespasian's younger son, Emperor Domitian. He added the "hypogeum", underground tunnels used to hold the animals and slaves used in the games. He also added a fourth level at the top of the Colosseum to add more seats. Renovations. In 217, the Colosseum was badly damaged by fire. Cassius Dio said the fire was started by lightning. The fire destroyed the wooden upper levels inside the amphitheatre. It was not fully repaired until about 240 and underwent further repairs in 250 or 252 and again in 320. Theodosius II and Valentinian III (ruled 425–450), repaired damage caused by an earthquake in 443; more work followed in 484 and 508. The last record of gladiator fights is about 435, while animal hunts continued until at least 523. The Colosseum in medieval times. The Colosseum went through big changes of use during the medieval period. At the end of the 500's, a small church had been built into a part of the building. The arena was used as a cemetery. The areas under the seating was used for houses and workshops. There are records of the space being rented as late as the 1100s. About 1200, the Frangipani family took over the Colosseum and made it into a castle. During the great earthquake in 1349, the outer south side fell down. Most of the fallen stones were used to build palaces, churches, hospitals and other buildings in Rome. In the middle of the 1300s, a religious group moved into the north part, and were still there in the 1800s. The inside of the Colosseum was used to supply building stones. The marble facade was burned to make quicklime. The bronze clamps which held the stonework together were ripped off the walls leaving marks that can still be seen today. The Colosseum in modern times. During the 16th and 17th century, Church officials looked for a use for the big and ruined building. Pope Sixtus V (1521–1590) wanted to turn the building into a wool factory to provide jobs for Rome's prostitutes, but he died and the idea given up. In 1671 Cardinal Altieri said it could be used for bullfights. Many people were upset by this idea, it was quickly dropped. In 1749, Pope Benedict XIV said that the Colosseum was a sacred place where early Christians had been martyred. He stopped people from taking any more building stones away. He set up the Stations of the Cross inside the building. He said the place was made sacred with the blood of the Christian martyrs who had died there. However, there is no historical evidence that any Christians had been killed in the Colosseum. Later popes started projects to save the building from falling down. They took out the many plants which had overgrown the building and were causing more damage. The facade was made stronger with triangular brick wedges in 1807 and 1827. The inside was repaired in 1831, 1846 and in the 1930s. The underground area was partly dug out in 1810–1814 and 1874. This digging was finished by Benito Mussolini in the 1930s.' Description. The outside. The Colosseum is a free standing building, quite different to the earlier Greek theatres which were built into the sides of hills. It is really two Roman theatres joined together. It is oval shaped, 189 meters (615 ft / 640 Roman feet) long, and 156 meters (510 ft / 528 Roman feet) wide. It covers an area of . The outer wall is 48 meters (157 ft / 165 Roman feet) high. The distance around the building was 545 meters (1,788 ft / 1,835 Roman feet). The arena is an oval long and wide, surrounded by a wall high. Around the arena were raised rows of seating. The outer wall was made from about of travertine stone. This was held together by of iron clamps. There was no mortar used to hold the wall together. The outside wall has been badly damaged over the years. Large sections have fallen down after earthquakes. The north side of the outside wall is still standing. It has triangular brick wedges at each end, added in the early 1800s to hold up the wall. The rest of the outside wall that can be seen today, is in fact the original inside wall. References. Guide It is located in the center of the city of Rome precisely in Via del Colosseo 1 Tommaso Miccinilli Amphitheatre An amphitheatre (or amphitheater) is a type of structure. It is a flat area, surrounded by an area that ascends gradually. In the ascending area, people can be seated. Today, such structures are used for presentations, but also spectator sports. In Ancient Rome, these structures were used to entertain the population. Gladiator combats, athletics and executions were staged there. Natural amphitheatre. A natural amphitheatre is a natural formation of rocks or cliffs, which resemble a man-made amphitheatre. Circus Maximus The Circus Maximus (translates to biggest round-course) is an ancient hippodrome in Rome. It was built by the Romans. It was used to stage chariot races, but also other uses like gladiator fights. Today it is a park. Peter Maxwell Davies Sir Peter Maxwell Davies, CBE (8 September 1934 – 14 March 2016), was an English composer and conductor. He received many honours, including his appointment as Master of the Queen’s Music. His surname was "Davies"; "Maxwell" is his middle name, and his friends called him 'Max'. Life. Davies was born in Salford, Lancashire. He grew up in Lancashire. He learned to play the piano and started composing when he was still very young. After education at Leigh Grammar School, he studied at the University of Manchester and at the Royal Manchester College of Music (now part of the Royal Northern College of Music). He met other students there who became famous musicians: Harrison Birtwistle, Alexander Goehr, Elgar Howarth and John Ogdon. Together they formed a group which they called the “New Music Manchester”. This group performed a lot of contemporary music (music that was being composed at the time). After a short stay in Rome he got a job as Director of Music at Cirencester Grammar School from 1959 to 1962. Davies wanted to study with other composers, so he went to the United States to study with Roger Sessions, Milton Babbitt and Earl Kim. Then he moved to Australia, where he was Composer in Residence at the University of Adelaide from 1965 to 1966. He then returned to the United Kingdom, and moved to the Orkney Islands. Davies, who was openly gay, lived there on the island of Sanday with his partner Colin Parkinson. In 1977 he started a big arts festival on Orkney, called the St Magnus Festival. This still takes place every year. He often uses it to give first performances of new works (often played by the local school orchestra). Davies held several posts, including Artistic Director of the Dartington Summer School from 1979 to 1984. From 1992 to 2002 he was associate conductor/composer with the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra and he has conducted a number of other well-known orchestras. He was given several honorary doctorates including one from the University of Oxford. He has been President of Making Music (The National Federation of Music Societies) since 1989. Davies was made a CBE in 1981 and knighted in 1987. He was appointed Master of the Queen's Music for a ten-year period from March 2004. He was also a professor of composition at the Royal Academy of Music. Music. Davies wrote a lot of music. Some of his first works used serial techniques, sometimes combined with ideas from Mediaeval and Renaissance music, including bits of plainsong. Pieces from the late 1960s combine these ideas with expressionism and a violent character, for example "Eight Songs for a Mad King" which is about King George III. Written for a singer and a small group of instruments the singer has to shout and screech at times, and also act. He wrote an opera "Taverner" about the Renaissance composer John Taverner. The orchestral piece "St Thomas Wake" (1969) uses many different styles of music, including foxtrots (played by a twenties-style dance band), a pavan by John Bull and Davies's own modern style. Many works from this period were performed by the Pierrot Players which Davies founded with Harrison Birtwistle in 1967 (they were reformed as The Fires of London in 1970 and stayed together until 1987). Mathematics played a part in Davies’ music. In his work "Ave Maris Stella" he used a magic square. "Worldes Blis" 1969 shows the beginning of his more mature style. Some people think it is similar to Jean Sibelius. After his move to Orkney, Davies often used Orcadian (the adjective of “Orkney”) or more generally Scottish themes in his music. He sometimes set the words of Orcadian writer George Mackay Brown. He wrote a number of other operas, "The Martyrdom of St Magnus" (1976), "The Lighthouse" (1980, his most popular opera), "Resurrection" (1987), and "The Doctor of Myddfai" (1996). Davies also became interested in classical forms, completing his first symphony in 1976. He wrote eight numbered symphonies since, a Sinfonia Concertante (1982), as well as the series of ten "Strathclyde Concertos" for various instruments (pieces he wrote when he worked with the Scottish Chamber Orchestra). In 2002, he began work on a series of string quartets for the Maggini String Quartet to record on the Naxos record label (the so-called "Naxos Quartets"). His most recent one is No.9 (2006). Davies also wrote a number of lighter orchestral works such as "Mavis in Las Vegas" and "An Orkney Wedding, with Sunrise" which featured the bagpipes and was played at the Last Night of the Proms in 1992 (with a bottle of whisky being passed round). He also wrote music for children including the operas "A Selkie Tale", "The Great Bank Robbery" and "The Spider's Revenge", and film music for Ken Russell's films "The Devils" and "The Boy Friend". Maxwell Davies's short piano piece "Farewell to Stromness" entered the Classic FM Hall of Fame in 2003. Death. Davies died on 14 March 2016 on Orkney from leukemia. He was aged 81. Take That Take That are an English boy band from Manchester. They formed in 1989, and between then and 1996, when they broke up, they sold 19 million records. They reformed in 2006 and went on tour, without Robbie Williams. Williams rejoined the band in 2009, doing the Progress sessions. In 2011 Williams and Take That toured Europe on their Progress Live tour to promote the album. in October of the same year Williams chose to leave the group again to focus on his solo career, however, in 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2020 Williams has performed with the group occasionally. Jason Orange left Take That in September 2014 and Take That became a 3 piece band. Take That released their seventh album called III in 2014. The band continued as a 3 piece for Wonderland in 2017 and Odyssey in 2018 Members. Current Former Career. Gary Barlow, Mark Owen, Howard Donald, Jason Orange and Robbie Williams were in Take That. Williams left in 1995 after taking drugs and soon the 4 remaining members split up in 1996. Take That returned to the music business in 2005, released their come-back album called Beautiful World and then went on tour in 2006. 2010 saw the return of Williams and in 2011 Take That took a hiatus and Barlow become a judge on the British TV talent show "The X Factor UK" in that year. Donald then became a judge on the German version of the dancing talent show "Got To Dance" in 2013. Williams left the band in 2012. Barlow ended his time on The X Factor UK to focus on the group in 2013. In early 2014 it was announced that the band would release their seventh studio album in late 2014. In September 2014 it was announced that Orange had decided to leave the band. The group then became a 3-piece boy band without Orange or Williams. Their seventh studio album called III was released in 2014. Their first single of III called "These Days" was released in November 2014. The second single of III called "Get Ready For It" was released in January 2015 and was also featured in the 2015 film "". The third single of III called "Let in the Sun" was released in March 2015. "New Day" Ambulance An ambulance is a type of vehicle made to carry sick or injured people. Normally, ambulances go to people in emergencies to take people to hospital. Examples of emergencies include heart attacks, strokes, serious bleeding, broken bones, chest pain, serious head injuries, trouble breathing, and people injured in situations like car crashes and falls. The first ambulances were used on battlefields, when horse-drawn carts carried badly wounded soldiers to field hospitals after the battle. Horse-drawn ambulances became commonplace in Europe and North America in the 19th century, as hospitals became common. Automobiles replaced horses in the early 1900s. Today's ambulances are vans which are converted into small mobile clinics. They can provide first aid, emergency care, various medicines and life support, and carry patients to hospital. Ambulances normally have emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics who work on them. They carry medicines and special equipment that can keep people alive. They also carry advanced tools for delivering babies in an emergency and restarting a heart. Ambulances are normally called by dialing a special emergency number, which is different from country to country. In the United Kingdom, this number is 999; United States 911; Europe 112. An emergency medical dispatcher then sends an ambulance. Crew. An ambulance usually has two crew members. That way, one can drive while the other looks after the patient in the back. A "paramedic" will have at least a year of medical training, and can do fairly advanced treatment. Not all ambulance staff are paramedics. Those with less training are known as "emergency medical technicians" (EMTs) in some countries such as the United States, and "emergency care assistants" (ECAs) in the United Kingdom. In some countries such as France, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden, ambulances may have doctors or nurses on board. Equipment. In the past, ambulances only gave patients a ride to hospital, or only had a first aid kit. This is still true in some parts of the world. In modern times, ambulances will have far more equipment and medicine. In some countries, an ambulance is like a mobile doctor's clinic. As well as medicine and bandages, ambulances often have these things: When driving in an emergency, ambulances can break some road laws. For example, they can drive over the speed limit and through a red traffic light. They have flashing lights and sirens to warn traffic along the way. Air ambulance. Air ambulances became more common in the late 20th century. Helicopters carry the same kind equipment as a typical ground ambulance. In the United States, the Coast Guard runs a public air ambulance service using helicopters. There are also privately owned air ambulance services that provide for a wider range of needs, including international transport. Air ambulances are especially important in countries with low population density (few people, living in a vast area) such as Canada, Russia, midwest USA, Sweden or Finland. They can often save a life of a patient who would otherwise die because he could not be carried fast enough to hospital by other means. Gan language Gan is the language of Jiangxi and some others provinces in China. It is spoken by 20 to 50 million people in southern China. Gan has 9 dialects, and Nangchang dialect is representative. Rock and Roll Over Rock and Roll Over is the fifth studio album and sixth album overall by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on November 11, 1976. Love Gun Love Gun is the sixth studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on June 30, 1977. Alive II Alive II is the second live album and eighth album overall by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on November 28, 1977. The last five songs are exclusive to (only on) this album. Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV (1050–1106) was King of Germany from 1056 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1084, till he was forced to step down in 1105. He was the third emperor of the Salian dynasty and one of the most interesting and important figures of the eleventh century. His reign was marked by the Investiture Controversy with the Papacy and several civil wars with pretenders to his throne in Italy and Germany. Biography. Henry was the eldest son of the Emperor Henry III, by his second wife Agnes de Poitou, and was probably born at the royal palace at Goslar. When Henry III unexpectedly died in 1056, the six-year-old Henry IV became king without problems. The Empress Agnes acted as regent, and the German pope Victor II was named as her counsellor. Unlike Henry III, Agnes could not influence the election of the new popes, Stephen IX and Nicholas II. These popes worked together with the Normans of southern Italy. But the first great problem started when Nicholas claimed influence in the election of Germany. Investiture controversy. Gregory VII, a reformist monk, was elected as pope in 1073. This is when the controversy between emperor and pope began. In the higher ranks of the German clergy, Gregory had many enemies. Therefore, King Henry declared Gregory was no longer pope, and the Romans should choose a new pope. When Gregory heard of this he excommunicated Henry IV, declared he was no longer emperor and canceled the oaths the people had sworn to King Henry. The excommunication of the king made a deep impression both in Germany and Italy. Thirty years before, Henry III had deposed three popes, but when Henry IV tried to copy this procedure, he did not have the support of the people. The Saxons began a second rebellion, and the anti-royalist party grew in strength. To Canossa. The situation now became extremely critical for Henry. It became clear that at any price he had to get his absolution from Gregory. At first he tried this by an embassy, but when Gregory rejected this, he went to Italy in person. The pope had already left Rome. Henry tried to force the pope to grant him absolution by doing penance before him at Canossa, where Gregory stayed. For a Christian it seemed impossible to deny a penitent re-entrance into the church, and therefore Gregory removed the ban. But a new conflict followed because Henry IV thought the end of excommunication meant he was king again. But Gregory did not decide that. Second excommunication of Henry. The rebellious German nobles used the excommunication of Henry to set up a rival king, Duke Rudolph of Swabia (Forchheim, March 1077). At first Gregory seemed to be neutral because the two parties (emperor and rebels) were of fairly equal strength. But finally he decided to support Rudolph of Swabia after his victory at "Flarchheim" (January 27, 1080) and declared the excommunication and deposition of King Henry again (March 7, 1080). This was widely felt to be an injustice. When Rudolph of Swabia died on October 16 of the same year, Henry began to fight to be king. In 1081 he opened the conflict against Gregory in Italy. Gregory had now become less powerful, and thirteen Cardinals stopped supporting him. Rome surrendered to the German king, and Guibert of Ravenna was enthroned as Clement III (March 24, 1084). Henry was crowned emperor by his rival, while Gregory himself had to flee from Rome in the company of his Norman "vassal," Robert Guiscard. Marriages. Henry's wife Bertha died on December 27, 1087. She was also buried at the Speyer Cathedral. Their children were: Gene Simmons (album) Gene Simmons is a solo album by Gene Simmons, the bass player of the American hard rock/heavy metal band, Kiss. It was released on September 18, 1978, as one of four solo albums released by the members of Kiss. Paul Stanley (album) Paul Stanley is a solo album from the guitarist of the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on September 18, 1978, as one of four solo albums released by the members of Kiss. Ace Frehley (album) Ace Frehley is the first solo album from Ace Frehley, the guitarist of the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on September 18, 1978, as one of four solo albums released by the members of Kiss. The album was rated 4 out of 5 stars by AllMusic. They said "Of the four Kiss solo albums released simultaneously in 1978, the best of the bunch is guitarist Ace Frehley's". Tristan und Isolde Tristan und Isolde ("Tristan and Isolde") is an opera in three acts by Richard Wagner. As always, Wagner wrote the words for the opera himself. He took the famous old legend which had been told by the German poet Gottfried von Strassburg Wagner composed the opera between 1857 and 1859. It was first performed, with Hans von Bülow conducting, in Munich on 10 June 1865. Many musicians think it is the greatest opera of the 19th century. Wagner’s dramatic handling of the story had enormous influence on many composers of the time. His harmonies were also an extremely important development in the language of Romantic music. Not everybody liked it. In particular, the music critic Eduard Hanslick said that he could not understand it. The story of Tristan and Isolde was one of the great romances of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Several poets told the story, and each told it slightly differently. The themes of chivalry and courtly love are always there. The story of the opera. Act I. Isolde, an Irish princess, and her maid, Brangaene are on Tristan’s ship, being taken to King Marke’s lands in Cornwall where Isolde is to be married to the King. The opera opens with a young sailor singing about a “wild Irish maid”. Isolde thinks he is singing about her. She is furious and wishes the sea would rise up and sink the ship, killing all on board. She is particularly furious with Tristan, the knight who is taking her to the king. She asks her maid to get Tristan, but he will not come because his is steering the ship. His henchman, Kurwenal, speaks crossly to Brangaene, reminding her that Isolde’s previous fiancé, Morold, had been killed by Tristan and his head sent back to Ireland. Brangaene returns to Isolde to tell her about what was said. Isolde sadly tells her how, after Morold had died, a man called Tantris had been brought to her because he was seriously injured, and that she had made him better using her powers of healing. However, she then found out that his real name was Tristan. He was Ireland’s worst enemy, and he was the man who had killed Morold. Isolde had tried to kill him with a sword, but when Tristan had looked into her eyes her heart had become full of love and she had dropped the sword. Tristan had been allowed to go back to Cornwall. However, it seemed now he had told his uncle, King Marke, all about the beautiful Isolde and had come to get her so that his uncle could marry her. Brangaene tries to make Isolde see that Tristan is doing an honourable thing to make her Queen of Ireland, but Isolde will not listen. She is furious, and wants him to drink a potion which had been intended by her mother for King Marke and Isolde as a love potion, but for Tristan it would be death. Kurwenal now appears and says that Tristan has agreed after all to see Isolde. When he arrives, Isolde tells him that she now knows that he was Tantris, and that he owes her his life. Tristan agrees to drink the potion, now prepared by Brangaene, even though he knows it may kill him. As he drinks, Isolde snatches the rest of the potion from him and drinks it herself. They both believe they are about to die, and they declare their love for one other. Kurwenal comes and says that King Marke is arriving. Isolde asks Brangaene which potion she prepared and is told that it was not the death poison, but a love-potion. Outside, the sailors welcome the arrival of King Marke. Act II. King Marke and his men are hunting at night. His castle is empty except for Isolde and Brangaene who stand by a lighted torch. Isolde keeps thinking that the hunting horns are far enough away for her to put out the flames, giving the sign for Tristan to join her. Brangaene warns Isolde that one of King Marke’s knights, Melot, has seen Tristan and Isolde looking at one another lovingly. Isolde, however, thinks that Melot is Tristan’s best friend, and, desperate to see Tristan, she puts out the flames. Brangaene goes to the castle walls to keep a look-out as Tristan arrives. Tristan and Isolde can now tell one another they are madly in love. Brangaene tries to warn them that the night is ending, but they do not listen to her and Melot leads Marke to find the two lovers in one another’s arms. Marke is desperately sad because Tristan has been betrayed and also because he himself had come to love Isolde. Tristan now asks Isolde if she will follow him again into the night, and she agrees. Melot and Tristan fight, but then Tristan throws his sword to the side and is seriously wounded by Melot. Act III. Kurwenal has brought Tristan home to his castle at Kareol in Brittany. A shepherd plays a sad tune on his pipes and asks if Tristan is awake. Kurwenal says that only Isolde’s arrival can save Tristan. The shepherd says he will keep watch and pipe a happy tune to mark the arrival of any ship. Tristan now wakes up and is sad that it is daylight. His sadness turns to joy when Kurwenal tells him that Isolde is coming. He asks if her ship is in sight, but only the shepherd’s sorrowful tune is heard. Tristan sinks back again. He remembers that the shepherd’s tune is the one he had heard when his father and then his mother died. He collapses. The shepherd now pipes the arrival of Isolde’s ship, and as Kurwenal rushes to meet her, Tristan in his excitement tears the bandages from his wounds. As Isolde arrives at his side, Tristan dies while speaking her name. Isolde collapses beside him as the appearance of another ship is announced. Kurwenal sees Melot, Marke and Brangaene arrive and furiously attacks Melot because he had killed Tristan. In the fight both Melot and Kurwenal are killed. Marke and Brangaene finally reach Tristan and Isolde. Marke is terribly sad. He explains that he has heard about the love-potion from Brangaene and he had come because he had decided that Tristan and Isolde should be united. Isolde seems to wake but, in a last aria describing her vision of Tristan risen again (the “Liebestod”), then falls lifeless next to his body, uniting the two lovers in death. The Tristan chord. The very first chord in the piece is very famous. It has become known as the "Tristan chord". Although it had been used before, the way Wagner used it here was quite new. It makes the chromatic harmony very hazy, and the listener does not know for many bars what key the music is in. It creates a lot of tension. There are many other moments like this in the opera. The tension goes right through the opera. The story tells of a tension that can only come to rest through death. Prelude and Liebestod. The Prelude and Liebestod is a concert version of the overture and Isolde's Act 3 aria, arranged by Wagner, which was first performed in 1862, before the first performance of the opera itself in 1865. The Liebestod can be performed either in a purely orchestral version, or with a soprano singing Isolde's vision of Tristan brought back to life. Peter Criss (album) Peter Criss is a solo album from the drummer of the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on September 18, 1978, as one of four solo albums released by the members of Kiss. Pop Rocks Pop Rocks are a kind of candy with carbonation added to make a "popping" feeling in the mouth of the person eating them. Dynasty (album) Dynasty is a studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on May 23, 1979. Master of the Queen's Music Master of the King's Music (or Master of the Queen's Music when the United Kingdom has a queen) is a post in the Royal Household of the King or Queen of the United Kingdom. It is the title given to one chosen composer of classical music Only one person holds the title at any one time. It is very similar to the post of Poet Laureate which is for a poet. The Master of the King's Music is now Judith Weir. Instead of being appointed for life, she was appointed for a ten-year term like her predecessor, starting March 2014. The change was to give more composers the opportunity to serve. The Master of the King's Music has the job of composing music for special royal occasions such as anniversaries, marriages and funerals, and for special ceremonies. The title was created in 1626 by Charles I. It was spelt Master of the King's Musick and was always spelt that way until the time of Sir Edward Elgar who was Master from 1924 to 1934. Holders of the post have been: Unmasked Unmasked is a studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on May 20, 1980. Music from "The Elder" Music from "The Elder" is a concept album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on November 10, 1981. Cross-platform Cross-platform software is a type of software that can run on many different operating systems or computer architectures. Together, the combination of an operating system and computer architecture is commonly referred to as a "platform". Microsoft Windows, macOS, iOS, BlackBerry, Linux and Android are five different types of well-known platforms. Cross-Platform Development is very crucial towards marketing business over different platforms. Nowadays, there are multiple platforms for the customer base to surf the internet. A website has a particular pixel and differs in height and width that may not locate the different screen sizes. With the help of cross-platform development, a developer creates the website to mold to any screen size. Developing an application for multiple platforms is very complex, as it needs high-tech backend work to make the app run on different platforms. With the wide range of OS, mainly iOS and Android, the application needs to be developed. However, with a cross-platform, both iOS and Android can install and run the application. It means the business is targeting the world market for enhanced revenues. Investiture Controversy The Investiture Controversy, also known as the lay investiture controversy, was the most important conflict between secular and religious powers in medieval Europe. It began as a dispute in the 11th century between the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII. The question was who would control appointments of bishops (investiture). The controversy led to many years of bitterness and nearly fifty years of civil war in Germany. This war ended with the triumph of the great dukes and abbots, and the falling apart of the German empire in the end. The dispute between Gregory VII and Henry IV. When Gregory VII, a reformist monk, was elected as pope in 1073, the controversy between emperor and pope began. Gregory had many enemies in the higher ranks of the German clergy, so Henry IV declared that Gregory was no longer pope and that the Romans should choose a new pope . When Gregory learned of this he excommunicated Henry IV, declared he was no longer emperor, and told his subjects that they no longer had to obey him as they had sworn to do. The excommunication of the king made a deep impression both in Germany and Italy. Thirty years before, his father Henry III had deposed three popes, but when Henry IV tried to copy this procedure he did not have the support of the people. The Saxons began a second rebellion, and the anti-royalist party grew in strength from month to month. To Canossa. Henry had been excommunicated by this point, and facing widespread opposition at home with Rudolf as the figurehead of this, Henry met the Pope at a fortress in the Southern Alps. Over three days he signals his penitence in the snow, barefoot and wearing a sack cloth, leading to a reconciliation with Pope Gregory VII. Second excommunication of Henry. The opposition of the rebellious German nobles used the excommunication of Henry to set up a rival king Rudolf of Rheinfelden (Forchheim, March 1077). At first Gregory seemed to be neutral because the two parties (emperor and rebels) were of fairly equal strength. But finally he decided for Rudolf after his victory at "Flarchheim" (27 January 1080) and declared the excommunication and deposition of King Henry again (7 March 1080). This was widely felt to be an injustice. When Rudolf died on 16 October of the same year, Henry, now more experienced, took up the struggle. In 1081 he opened the conflict against Gregory in Italy. Gregory had now become less powerful, and thirteen cardinals deserted him. Rome surrendered to the German king, and Guibert of Ravenna enthroned as Clement III (24 March 1084). Henry was crowned emperor by his rival, while Gregory himself had to flee from Rome in the company of his Norman "vassal" Robert Guiscard. Palm The word palm can mean: Cycas Cycas is a genus of plants. It is the only living genus remaining in the Cycadaceae family. Cycads were common plants when dinosaurs roamed the Earth, but are rare today. Over 100 species are known. Probably the best-known of these is "Cycas revoluta", the Sago Palm. The generic name comes from Greek "kykas" and means "palm tree". The plant is not a true palm, however. "Cycas" is native to the Old World; most species are around the equatorial regions. It is native to eastern and southeastern Asia including the Philippines with 6 species (4 of which are endemic), eastern Africa (including Madagascar), northern Australia, Polynesia, and Micronesia. Australia has 26 species, while the Indo-Chinese area has about 30. The northernmost species ("C. revoluta") is found at 31°N in southern Japan. The southernmost ("C. megacarpa") is found at 26°S in southeast Queensland, Australia. The plants have often been considered to be a living fossil. The earliest fossils of the genus "Cycas" appear in the Cainozoic, but "Cycas"-like fossils occur well into the Mesozoic. Phylogenetic studies have shown that Cycadaceae is the sister-group to all other living cycads. Heliconia Heliconia is a genus of flowering plants. They are native tropical South America, as well as the Pacific Ocean Islands west to Indonesia. There are between 100 and 200 species in the genus. Other common names include lobster-claw, wild plantain and false bird-of-paradise. The plants have very decorative flowers. For this reason they are often sold decorative plants. Screenplay A screenplay or script is the written instruction about what happens in a play, movie or television program. The screenplay for a movie has everything that happens in the movie. It includes the plot, the dialogue and actions of the characters, and instructions for editing. The person who writes the screenplay is called a screenwriter. A screenplay for television is called a teleplay. The script is usually slightly changed or things will be added or subtracted as the directors and producers decide. Pope Gregory VII Pope Gregory VII (; 1020–May 25, 1085), born Hildebrand (Italian: "Ildebrando di Soana"), was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 158th Pope from April 22, 1073 until he died in 1085. Early life. Hildebrand was born in Sovana in Tuscany. As a youth, he became a Benedictine monk. In Rome, Hildebrand became the chaplain of Pope Gregory VI. When Gregory VI abdicated and went into in exile in Germany, Hildebrand went with him. Cardinal. Pope Leo IX raised Hildebrand to the rank of Cardinal in 1049. Pope. Cardinal Hildebrand was elected pope on April 22, 1073; and he chose to be called Gregory. Pope Gregory was involved in Italian and European political disputes. After his death. Pope Gregory died an exile in Salerno. His last words were: "I have loved justice and hated iniquity; therefore, I [now] die in exile." ("Dilexi iustitiam et odivi iniquitatem propterea morior in exilio").. Gregory was recognized as a saint in 1728.. Excommunication Excommunication is a religious act used to take off or suspend membership in a religious community. The word literally means "out of communion", or "no longer in communion". In some churches, excommunication includes the belief that the person who was exocommunicated is going to Hell. Sometimes punishment "follow" excommunication; these include being banned, shunning, and shaming, depending on the group's religion or religious community. Helen Clark Helen Elizabeth Clark (born 26 February 1950) was the Prime Minister of New Zealand from December 1999 to November 2008. She is was later the head of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) from 2009 to 2017. In 2006, she was ranked by "Forbes" magazine as the 20th most powerful woman in the world. Clark is a member of the of Global Commission for the Economy and Climate. Early life. Clark grew up the eldest of four daughters from a Waikato farming family. Her mother, Margaret, worked as a primary school teacher and her father, George, was a farmer who supported the National Party during the 1981 election. Clark studied at the University of Auckland, where she graduated with a MA (Honours) in 1974. Her thesis research focused on rural political behaviour and representation. Scalable Vector Graphics Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) are a type of two dimensional picture that work on vectors, rather than pixels. This means that they can be easily be made bigger or smaller without losing any quality or becoming blurry. SVG is based on XML and created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). History. The W3C published SVG in September 2001. As of 2018 SVG is widely supported in all modern browsers. The normal Filename extension is ".svg" and the MIME-Type is codice_1. Structure. SVG uses Extensible Markup Language (XML). So it has a definition of the document type. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ev="http://www.w3.org/2001/xml-events" version="1.1" baseProfile="full" width="800mm" height="600mm"> <!-- content of the file --> </svg> Difference between bitmap and vector images. This image shows the difference between bitmap and vector images. The vector image can be scaled forever, while the bitmap can not. Creatures of the Night Creatures of the Night is a studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on October 13, 1982. Full communion Full communion is a term used in Christian ecclesiology to describe relations between two distinct Christian communities or Churches that recognise that each other shares the same communion and the same essential doctrines. That does not mean that there would be no differences at all between them. The meaning of full communion is different in, on the one hand, Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christian theology, and, on the other hand, in the theology of other Western Christians. Queue area A queue is a line of people standing behind one another who are waiting for something. The person at the front of the queue will have his turn next, then the next person and so on. When someone comes to join the queue they have to go to the back of the queue and wait until it is their turn. Sometimes people try to "jump the queue" or "push in". They are usually told off and have to go to the back of the queue. The word "queue" comes from the French word for "tail", but when talking about a queue of people in English it is pronounced "kyoo" (like "Kew" in "Kew Gardens"). The word "queue" can be a noun ("Please stand in the queue") or a verb ("Please queue over there"). A queue may also be a queue of vehicles waiting to get passed something or to go in somewhere. People may queue to be served in a shop, or queue for a bus or taxi or to go into something like a museum. Queueing is much better than pushing one's way in. Sometimes, in places where a lot of people are queueing, there may be a system of numbered tickets. When someone arrives, they take a number and wait until their number is shown on a display board. This system is often used in banks, doctor's surgeries, passport offices, etc. People waiting in a queue are not always standing around. There may be people who, for example, are waiting to have an operation, but they have to wait "in a queue" until one day they receive a letter from the hospital telling them when to come in for their operation. Russians often make jokes about queues because, in the days of the Soviet Union, there was not much in the shops. When a shop had a delivery there would suddenly be a long queue of people. People joined a queue even if they did not know what the queue was for. If they bought something they did not want they could always sell it. Perhaps the most famous queue in Britain is the queue for promenade tickets (standing places) at the BBC Proms. People enjoy chatting to one another in the queue. The people who are at the front of the queue can have the first choice of where to stand for the concert. The word queue does not have any word families, however, it has many synonyms. Some of these are: Chain, line, row, and series. It only has two antonyms, and they are disorder and disorganized. Ecclesiology In Christian theology, ecclesiology is the study of doctrine about the Church itself as a community and about the churches own view of its mission and role. That means that ecclesiology looks at the role of the church in salvation, at its origin, its relationship to the historical Christ, its discipline, its destiny (see Eschatology) and its leadership. In addition to describing a broad discipline of theology, ecclesiology may be used in the specific sense of a particular church or denomination’s character, self-described or otherwise. This is the sense of the word in such phrases as "Roman Catholic ecclesiology", "Lutheran ecclesiology", and "ecumenical ecclesiology". Questions asked by ecclesiology. Ecclesiology asks the questions: Ecclesia (Church) Ecclesia (or Ekklesia) in Christian theology means both: a particular body of faithful people, and the whole body of the faithful. Latin "ecclesia", from Greek "ekklesia," where the word is a compound of two segments: "ek", a preposition meaning "out of", and a verb, "kaleo", signifying "to call" - together, literally, "to call out". That usage soon disappeared and was replaced with "assembly, congregation, council", or "convocation". Christian understanding of 'Church'. If one speaks of the whole body of Christian faithful, then there are included not only the members of the Church who are alive on earth but all who were members of the church before. Some churches therefore describe the Church as being composed of the "Church Militant" (Christians on Earth) and the "Church Triumphant" (Christians in Heaven). In Catholic theology, there is also the "Church Suffering" (Christians still in purgatory). The Christian family, the most basic unit of Church life, is sometimes called the domestic Church. Finally, 'The Church' may sometimes be used, especially in Catholic theology, to speak of those who exercise the office of teaching and ruling the faithful, the "Ecclesia Docens", or again (more rarely) the governed as distinguished from their pastors, the "Ecclesia Discens". Communion (Christian) The term Communion comes from Latin "communio" (sharing in common). The corresponding term in Greek is κοινωνία, which is often translated as "fellowship". In Christianity, the basic meaning of the term "communion" is an especially close relationship of Christians, as individuals or as a Church, with God and with other Christians. Derived meanings in Christianity. But the term is also used of a group of Christian Churches that have this close relationship of communion with each other. An example is the Anglican Communion. If the relationship between the Churches is complete, involving fulness of "those bonds of communion - faith, sacraments and pastoral governance - that permit the Faithful to receive the life of grace within the Church", it is called full communion. But the term "full communion" is often used as well in that sense that these Christian Churches are not united, but have only an arrangement where members of each Church have certain rights within the other. If a Church recognizes that another Church, with which it lacks bonds of pastoral governance, shares with it some of the beliefs and essential practices of Christianity, it may speak of "partial communion" between it and the other Church. The communion of saints is the relationship that, according to the belief of Christians, exists between them as people made holy by their link with Christ. This relationship is generally understood to mean not only those still in earthly life, but also to those who have gone past death to be "at home with the Lord" (2 Corinthians 5:8). In a special way the term "communion" is applied to sharing in the Eucharist. Biblical usage. In the Bible, the Greek term "κοινωνία" is only used in the New Testament. It does not appear at all in the ancient Greek translation of the Old Testament known as the Septuagint. As a noun, or in its adjectival or verbal forms, it is found in 43 verses of the New Testament. In addition, the noun is found in some manuscripts (used for producing the English translation known as the King James Version, but not for more recent translations) in Ephesians 3:9. The word is applied, according to the context, to communion, sharing or fellowship with: Renewable resource A renewable resource is a resource which can be used repeatedly and replaced naturally. Renewable energy almost never runs out, for example: solar energy is powered by heat from the sun and never runs out. Other examples include oxygen, geothermal power, fresh water, solar energy and biomass. New resources may include goods or commodities such as paper and leather. Gasoline, coal, natural gas, diesel, plastics and other fossil fuels are not renewable. They take millions of years to be made, and cannot be renewed in a human’s, or even a nation's lifetime. Ways have been developed to make biodegradable plastic and bio diesel and other fuels from renewable resources such as corn, sugar cane, soybeans and canola. Renewable resource harvesting and use typically do not produce pollution or contribute to global warming. The use of renewable resources and energy sources is increasing worldwide, with certain nations, such as Bhutan, and US states, such as California, beginning to rely entirely on renewable energy. From 2008 to 2012, the U.S. doubled renewable generation from wind, solar, and geothermal sources. America and Britain are now home to some of the largest wind and solar farms in the world. There are also things called human resource where human’s waste is turned into energy. There are many other resources such as water power. Renewable resources are basically the opposite of non-renewable resources. Derek Taylor Derek Taylor (7 May 1932 – 7 September 1997) was an English journalist and author. He spent most of his career covering popular music and celebrity news. He had a long association with rock band The Beatles, serving at different times as their . He was also a to The Beatles manager Brian Epstein, and co-wrote a with guitarist George Harrison. In the mid-1960s, Taylor lived with his family in Los Angeles, California, and had his own agency. His clients included The Byrds and The Beach Boys. He also gave Harry Nilsson's career a boost, when he sent copies of Nilsson's album "Pandemonium Shadow Show" to important members of the music industry, including the Beatles. Taylor died of cancer on 7 September 1997. Hot chocolate Hot chocolate, also known as hot cocoa or drinking chocolate, is a hot drink. It is usually made by mixing chocolate or cocoa powder, sugar, and usually a sweetener. Hot chocolate may be topped with whipped cream or marshmallows. Hot chocolate is usually drunk to make the drinker feel happier or warmer. Some studies have shown that hot chocolate may be healthy because of antioxidants that are in cocoa. Until the 1800s, hot chocolate was also used by doctors as a medicinal drink. It is believed that the hot chocolate drink was first made by the Mayan people about 2,000 years ago. Another cocoa drink was made by the Aztecs by 1400 . The drink became popular in Europe after being brought from Mexico into the New World, and has changed a lot since then. Today, hot chocolate is used around the world. It comes in many different types such as the very thick "cioccolata densa" in Italy, and the thinner hot cocoa that is usually drunk in the United States. History. Chocolate is made from cocoa, the dried and partly fermented seeds of the cacao tree ("Theobroma cacao"). The cacao tree is a small (4–8 m (15–26 ft.) tall) pine tree found in the deep tropical areas of the Americas. New studies show that the most found type of the plant first came from the Amazon basin. It was slowly moved by humans to other places in South and Central America to farm. Early kinds of another type have also been found in what is now Venezuela. The scientific name, "theobroma", means "food of the gods". The fruit, called a cacao pod, is shaped like an oval, 15–30 cm (6–12 in.) long and 8–10 cm (3–4 in.) wide. It gets ripe from yellow to orange, and weighs about 500 g (1 lb) when ripe. The first known use of cacao is chocolate found in jars at the site of Puerto Escondido in Honduras. It was used there around 1100 An early Classic Period (460–480 ) Mayan grave from Río Azul, Guatemala, had cups with the Mayan words for cacao on them with traces of an old chocolate drink. The Maya are usually given credit for making the first chocolate drink over 2,000 years ago. The drink would be changed even more in Europe. To make the drink, the Maya ground cocoa seeds into a paste and mixed it with water, cornmeal, chile peppers, and spices. They then poured the drink back and forth from a cup to a pot until a foam was created. The drink was served cold. Maya of all social classes could get the drink, but the rich drank chocolate from fancy vessels or cups. By the 1400s, the Aztecs took over a large part of Mesoamerica, and took cacao into their culture. They thought of chocolate with Xochiquetzal, the goddess of pregnancy. They also used chocolate drinks as sacrifices to gods. The Aztec kind of the drink was bitter and spicy, and was called "xocolatl". It was made a lot like the Mayan chocolate drinks. Vanilla, chile pepper, and achiote were added to the drink, and it was believed to fight tiredness, which is because of the theobromine content, a mood enhancer. Because cacao would not grow in central Mexico and had to be brought into the empire, chocolate was an important luxury good in the Aztec empire. Because of this, cocoa beans were used as money. The first time Europeans saw chocolate was in the 16th century when Montezuma (who was ruler of the Aztec then) showed "xocolatl" to Hernán Cortés, a Spanish conquistador. What the Spanish then called "chocolatl" was said to be a drink made of a chocolate base with vanilla and other spices that was served cold. Montezuma's rulers have been said to drink about 2000 cups of "xocolatl" per day, 50 of which were drank by Montezuma himself. Because sugar had not come to the Americas, "xocolatl" was said to be something that one did not like in the beginning. The drink tasted spicy and bitter, unlike today's hot chocolate. As to when "xocolatl" was first made warm, sources are not sure about when and by whom. However, Jose de Acosta, a Spanish Jesuit missionary who lived in Peru and then Mexico in the later 16th century, described "xocolatl" as a drink with a bitter taste that the natives liked a lot. European changes. After defeating Montezuma’s warriors and taking the Aztec's riches, Cortés went back to Spain in 1528. He brought cocoa beans and chocolate drink making equipment. At this time, chocolate still was only the bitter drink made by the Mayans. Sweet hot chocolate and bar chocolate were not made yet. After coming to Europe, the drink slowly got popularity. The court of King Charles V soon began drinking it, and what was then only called "chocolate" became a popular drink with the Spanish upper class. Also, cocoa was given as a gift when the Spanish Royal Family married other royalty. Then, chocolate cost a lot in Europe because the cacao beans only grew in South America. The first shipment of chocolate to Europe for sale purposes was a shipment from Veracruz to Sevilla in 1585. It was still a drink, but the Europeans added sugar to sweeten it, and took out the chili pepper. They also added vanilla, cinnamon, and other spices. Sweet hot chocolate was then made, making hot chocolate a luxury item with the European royalty in the 17th century. Even when the first Chocolate house (a store like a coffee shop now) opened in 1657, the drink still cost a lot. A pound cost 50 to 75 pence (between 50 and 75 USD now). In the late 1600s, Hans Sloane, president of the Royal College of Physicians, went to Jamaica. There, he tried chocolate and did not like it, but found it was better with milk. When he came back to England, he brought the recipe with him, bringing milk chocolate to Europe. In 1828, Coenraad Johannes van Houten made the first cocoa powder making machine in the Netherlands. The press took apart the greasy cocoa butter from cacao seeds, leaving a chocolate powder behind. This powder — like the cocoa powder used now — was easier to stir into milk and water, and led to solid chocolate. By using cocoa powder and a little bit of cocoa butter, bar chocolate was then able to be made. The term "chocolate" then came to mean solid chocolate, instead of hot chocolate. Use and types. Today, hot chocolate is used around the world. However, there are two main styles of the drink. Name. The words "hot chocolate" and "hot cocoa" are sometimes used instead of each other, but there is actually a difference between the two. "Hot cocoa" is made from a mix of cocoa, sugar and ingredients, all powdered, to make the drink thick without cocoa butter. "Hot chocolate" is made right from bars of chocolate, which has cocoa, sugar and cocoa butter in it. The biggest difference between the two is the cocoa butter, which makes hot cocoa have less fat than hot chocolate, so it is better for one's health. Hot chocolate can be made with dark, semisweet, or bittersweet chocolate. It is cut into small pieces and stirred into milk with sugar. American hot cocoa powder can be made with powdered milk so it can be made without milk. In the United Kingdom, "hot chocolate" is a sweet chocolate drink made with hot milk or water, and powder with chocolate, sugar, and powdered milk. "Cocoa" usually means a similar drink made with just hot milk and cocoa powder, then made sweeter with sugar. North America. In the United States, the drink is most popular in powdered or crushed form. It is made with hot water or milk. This is the thinner of the two main types. It is very sweet and often is served with marshmallows, whipped cream, or a piece of solid chocolate. European hot chocolate first came to the U.S. as early as the 1600s by the Dutch, but the first time colonists began selling hot chocolate was around 1755. Hot chocolate is usually drank in cold weather and winter in the United States. It is not taken with meals very often. In Mexico, hot chocolate is still popular. Besides the instant powder form, Mexican hot chocolate uses semi-sweet chocolate, cinnamon, sugar and vanilla. Hot chocolate of this type is often sold in tablets or bars which can be put into hot milk, water or cream. It is then mixed until the drink gets a creamy foam. Mexican cinnamon hot chocolate is often served with a variety of Mexican breads or pastries called "pan dulcet" ("sweet bread") and churros. Europe. In Europe, most kinds of hot chocolate are very thick. This is because they are made from pure chocolate. In the United Kingdom, hot chocolate is usually thinner. As Europe was where hot chocolate was first made popular, there are many different types. Among the thick types of hot chocolate served in Europe is the Italian "cioccolata densa". German types are also known for being very thick and heavy. Hot chocolate and churros is the normal working-man's breakfast in Spain. This style of hot chocolate can be very thick, often being like warm chocolate pudding. There are even more types of thick hot chocolate in Europe. Some cafes in Belgium and other areas in Europe serve a ""warme chocolade" or "chocolat chaud"". This is a cup of heated milk and a small bowl of bittersweet chocolate chips to put in the milk. In England, some kinds of powdered drinks are as thick as pure chocolate kinds. Health. Even though hot chocolate is usually drunk for enjoyment, it can also be good for the health. Hot chocolate has a lot of antioxidants that may be good for the health. From the 16th to 19th centuries, hot chocolate was used as a medicine and a drink. Explorer Francisco Hernández wrote that chocolate drinks helped fever and diseases of the liver. Another explorer, Santiago de Valverde Turices, thought that large amounts of hot chocolate were good for fixing chest problems, and small amounts could help stomach problems. When chocolate first came to France in the 17th century, it was used "to fight against fits of anger and bad moods". This may be because of a chemical that makes a person's mood better in chocolate. There are also some health effects which are not good. Hot chocolate has a lot of calories, saturated fat, and sugar. Caffeine from the cocoa in hot chocolate can cause bad effects. There is evidence that the caffeine causes a mild addiction to the drink. Diuretic A diuretic is a chemical substance. This substance is either in a herb (such as dandelions), or it has been separated and made into a drug. Diuretics increase the amount of urine that is secreted from the body. Diuretics are used as a treatment for heart failure, liver cirrhosis, hypertension and certain problems with the kidneys. Diuretics are often abused by people suffering form bulimia nervosa as a way to lose weight. Well-known substances that have diuretic properties are tea,coffee and alcohol. The Byrds The Byrds were a popular folk rock band, from California. Their members included Jim McGuinn (who later changed his name to Roger), David Crosby, Gene Clark, Chris Hillman and Michael Clarke. Later band members included Gram Parsons, Clarence White, and Gene Parsons. The Byrds pioneered folk rock, a blend of folk music with rock and roll. Many of their songs were remakes of Bob Dylan's songs, such as "Mr. Tambourine Man", which was their first hit in 1965. They recorded a bright, uplifting version of "Turn, Turn, Turn", which had been adapted by Pete Seeger from Ecclesiastes in the Bible. Other songs were written by band members. The Byrds recorded "So You Wanna Be a Rock'N'Roll Star?" about the Monkees, not liking the star-making machinery that made the Monkees famous overnight. McGuinn later said the song was about the pop music business, not the Monkees. They softened their opinions, though, once they'd met the band and saw they had real talent. Members of the Byrds played on Monkees recording sessions, and the later band Crosby, Stills & Nash was formed partly from meetings at Peter Tork's house. One Byrds song, "You Showed Me", became a hit for The Turtles late in 1968. The Byrds's lineup changed many times, and after the last new lineup disbanded in 1972, the original members reunited to record an album, titled "Byrds". Meningitis Meningitis is an infection of certain membranes and tissues of the nervous system. Those are called meninges (singular: meninx). Their function is to protect the central nervous system. Most often, this infection is caused by microorganisms, like viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites. The most common cause of meningitis are viruses, followed by bacteria. Meningitis is a life-threatening condition. It affects all age groups. Some kinds of meningitis are very easy to spread. For this reason, in certain countries, like Germany, doctors have to tell the authorities that someone might have meningitis. Signs of meningitis. Some signs of meningitis can be: high fever, sometimes with chills; very strong headache; nauseas and vomiting; drowsiness or confusion; twitching; sleepiness; sore throat; delirium (especially in children); seizures; and stiff neck (in less than 50% of the cases, but may be a telltale sign). Types. The two main forms of meningitis are bacterial meningitis and viral meningitis. In bacterial meningitis, most patients die without treatment, whereas in viral meningitis most patients get better on their own. Herpes virus meningitis may respond to an antiviral drug. Mental confusion Mental confusion (often simply called confusion) is a symptom. People suffering from it have problems finding their way around in the world. They have troubles remembering who they are, where they are, or what time (or day of the week) it is. Additionally, they may have trouble remembering things or memorizing new things. This may be linked to problems focusing their attention. Confusion can also be a sign of someone being sick with various illnesses when it's coupled with things like fever, chills, or exhaustion. Medical causes of confusion. Confusion can be caused by many different medical problems. There are both acute and chronic causes of confusion. Acute causes of confusion. Acute causes of confusion usually come on suddenly, and doctors may be able to fix some of them. In medicine, the acronym "AEIOU-TIPS" is used to remember the most common causes of confusion that comes on suddenly (over hours or days, not years): Confusion can also happen when the brain is not getting enough blood and oxygen. For example, this can happen because of: Chronic causes of confusion. Chronic causes of confusion usually come on less suddenly and last for a long time (months or years). For example: Lick It Up Lick It Up is a studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on September 18, 1983. Wesleyan University Wesleyan University, is a private liberal arts university in Middletown, Connecticut. It was founded by Methodist leaders and the people of Middletown in 1831. The university was the first college or university to be named after John Wesley, the founder of Methodism. Wesleyan is one of the three small New England colleges that make up the "Little Three" (or the "Little Ivies"): the others are Amherst and Williams Colleges. History. Wesleyan was founded as an all-male Methodist college in 1831. In 1872 it became one of the first American colleges to let female students attend. Some of Wesleyan's male alumni did not think that letting women go to the school was a good thing. They believed that it made Wesleyan look bad. Wesleyan stopped letting women got there and from 1912 to 1970 Wesleyan operated as an all-male college. Wesleyan began letting women attend again in 1970. At that time many females had went to the all-female Connecticut College in nearby New London, Connecticut. Ben 10 Ben 10 created by The Man of Action Studios. The first episode was shown on December 27, 2005-present on Cartoon Network. The main character, Ben Tennyson, is a ten-years old boy who can turn himself into many different aliens including 10 original aliens. Ben and his rival girl cousin named Gwen are on summer with their grandpa, Max Tennyson. The main villains are Vilgax, Kevin Levin and occasionally Charmcaster and the Forever Knights. Karol Szymanowski Karol Maciej Szymanowski (6 October 1882 - 29 March 1937) was a Polish composer. Next to Frederic Chopin, Karol was Poland's most famous composer. He is thought to be one of the greatest Polish composers of the first half of the 20th century. Early life. Szymanowski was born on his family's estate in Tymoszówka in what is today Ukraine. He studied in Berlin and Warsaw. Music. His music can be divided into three phases. Early works before World War I showed his repertoire for the works of Frederic Chopin, Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss. The second phase is influenced by the Orient and Mediterranean cultures. His music during this phase resulted in many of his best known compositions. The third phase began in 1921. It has much what is similar to Polish folk themes. This work defined Polish themed music and is thought to include his greatest works. Initially, his music was not well accepted in Poland. Works. The works of Szymanowski include four symphonies, two violin concertos, the operas "Hagith" and "King Roger", the ballet-pantomime "Harnasie", the oratorio "Stabat Mater", as well as many piano, violin, vocal and choral compositions. His most popular works was his ballet "Harnasie" and opera "King Roger". "Harnasie" was first shown in Prague and later shown at the Paris Opera. It was received with acclamation and enthusiasm, both by critics and the public. Health and financial problems brought his work to an end in 1934. Szymanowski died after a short stay in a sanatorium in Lausanne, Switzerland. Death. He died of tuberculosis in Lausanne, Switzerland on 28 March 1937. He was buried on 7 April 1937 at the cemetery for the Polish nobles, in Pauline in Krakow. Animalize Animalize is a studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on September 13, 1984. Eubie Blake Eubie Blake (February 7, 1883 or 1887 - February 12, 1983) was an American pianist and composer. There is some confusion about his birth date. During the latter part of his life he had said that he was born in 1883. However, recently released documents - the 1900 United States census, his World War 1 draft card, his Social Security registration and his passport registration - all say that he was born in 1887. People saying they were born earlier than they actually were ("back dating") was common with musicians from that time. Jelly Roll Morton is another well known example of this. Blake also said that he composed his "Charleston Rag" in 1899. If this was true, he would have been 12 years old at the time. There is no evidence he was composing at that age or at that time. People who study ragtime believe this may be another case of "backdating". Blake was born in Baltimore, Maryland. Television director A television director directs the activities involved in making a television program. He or she is part of a television crew. A television director is different from a movie director. In television the producer usually has creative control. In movies, the director has creative control. Most television directors specialize in directing one type of television program. Duties. A television director has a complex job that includes approving scripts, setting up camera shots, laying out scenes and deciding on lighting. The director is responsible for directing of live broadcasts, filming programs, post-production editing and mixing. A director also supervises the technical crew. A director's duties can be very different depending on the type of program. For example a drama recorded in a studio is different from a live event outside the studio. In a dramatic arts production, the television director's job can be similar to that of a movie director. A director gives cues to actors and directs the camera placement and movement. Often, in a television series, different directors will work on different episodes. Roseanne Roseanne is an American television sitcom. It was shown on ABC from 1988 to 1997. It stars comedian Roseanne Barr. The series is about a working-class family living in fictional city of Lanford, Illinois. For many years, "Roseanne" was more truthful than other series of the time in how it showed family life. They dealt with tough subjects, for example poverty, alcoholism, narcotics, sex, first menstrual periods, masturbation, obesity, feminism, domestic violence, nudity and homosexuality. Another important thing in the series was Roseanne's control in raising her children. Her husband Dan (John Goodman) felt as though he had no say in their house. "Roseanne" was important for women because it was one of the first series to put an overweight, powerful, yet smart woman as the main character. The series had very high viewing figures from its start. It spent its first six seasons in the top five of the Nielsen ratings. During the seventh season the series dropped some in ratings, but still stayed in the top 10 of the Nielsen ratings. However, during its ninth, and final season, the show's ratings dropped much and had fallen out of the top thirty. Season 10 aired from March 27–May 22, 2018. On March 30, an eleventh season was ordered. However, on May 29, 2018, the show was cancelled by ABC after Barr tweeted a message about Valerie Jarrett (an aide to President Barack Obama) that was viewed as racist. Barr wrote: Comedienne and actress Wanda Sykes, a consulting producer of the reboot, resigned before the show's cancellation due to the tweet. Veronica Mars Veronica Mars is an American teen drama/mystery-neo-noir series set in Southern California. It was first shown on UPN on September 22, 2004. The series was shown for its first two seasons on the UPN before moving to The CW Television Network on October 3, 2006. The show stars Kristen Bell as Veronica Mars: a student who also works as a private investigator with the help of her detective father. The series is said to be "a little bit Buffy and a little bit Bogart". The series has murder mystery, high school and college drama with sarcasm and strange humor. The show starts with Veronica and her friends in high school. It follows them to college in later seasons of the series. Game Gear The is a handheld video game system made by the Sega Corporation. It was released in Japan in 1990, and then released later in Europe, the United States and Australia. The Game Gear has a colour screen, a speaker, and needs six AA batteries (for 4 hours of play-time) to run. It is bigger and costs more money than the Nintendo Game Boy. It also uses more electric power than the Game Boy, so the Game Gear's batteries must be replaced more often. There are special add-ons for the Game Gear, such as a TV-Tuner that allows people to watch television on it. References. Notes God the Father In many religions, the deity or God is called the Father. In Christianity, God the Father is the first person of the Trinity. He "is" God, just like the Son and the Holy Spirit, but as a "person" He is "different" from the Son and the Holy Spirit. Although Jesus had St. Joseph for his human father on earth, Jesus is God, so His father would actually be God the Father. Kevin Smith Kevin Patrick Smith (born August 2, 1970) is an American screenwriter, movie director and the founder of View Askew Productions. He is also known as a comic book writer and actor. Smith's movies often take place in his home state of New Jersey. The movies are filled with pop culture references. Many of the references are about comic books and the "Star Wars" movies. They often take place in the View Askewniverse. Early life. Smith was born in Red Bank, New Jersey to Grace and Donald Smith. He has an older sister, Virginia, and an older brother, Donald Jr. Smith was raised in the Catholic religion. He went to Henry Hudson Regional High School in Highlands, The New School for Social Research New York and the Vancouver movie School. Smith studied making movies but dropped out halfway through his studies. Personal life. Smith is married to Jennifer Schwalbach Smith. They have a daughter, Harley Quinn Smith, born in 1999. He named his daughter after Harley Quinn, a comic-book character from "". On February 25, 2018 he suffered a non-fatal "massive heart attack" with 100% blockage of the left anterior descending artery. Nicene Creed The Nicene Creed, Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed or Icon/Symbol of the Faith, is the most widespread or ecumenical Christian statement of faith. Since its original formulation it continues to be used in the Roman Catholic, Syrian Orthodox (Jacobite), Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Assyrian, Anglican, Lutheran, and most other Protestant Churches. Comparison between Creed of 325 and Creed of 381. The following table displays side by side the earlier (325) and later (381) forms of this Creed in the English translation given in Schaffs Creeds of Christendom, which indicates by brackets the portions of the 325 text that were omitted or moved in 381, but uses no typographical mark to indicate what phrases, absent in the 325 text, were added in 381. The following table presents in the same way the texts of the two Councils, as given in the original Greek language on the Web site Symbolum Nicaeno-Constantinopolitanum - Greek: Problems. There were certain problems with the Nicene creed. In 529, the so-called filioque clause was added to the creed. This clause is one of the main differences between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Catholic Church has this clause, the Eastern Orthodox Church does not. The clause is about how godly the Father is, compared to the Son. Where the original Nicene Creed reads "We believe in the Holy Spirit ... who proceeds from the Father", the altered, Roman Catholic version reads "We believe in the Holy Spirit ... who proceeds from the Father "and the Son"". Roman Catholic Christians accept this change, but Eastern Orthodox Christians reject it. Many Eastern Catholic churches (Eastern in liturgy but in full communion with the pope) do not use the clause in their creed. They do think the doctrine it represents is true, though, as this is a dogma of the Roman Catholic faith. Many Protestant churches who take a position in this matter, usually accept the "filioque". After the East-West Schism of 1054, the Eastern and Western churches attempted to reunite at two separate medieval councils, and the filioque was an issue at each. Despite Greek concessions, neither the Second Council of Lyon (1274) nor the Council of Ferrera-Florence (1438 - 1535) achieved the desired union. The clause is most often referred to as "the "filioque"" or simply "filioque". Apostles' Creed The Apostles' Creed (Latin: "Symbolum Apostolorum"), sometimes titled Symbol of the Apostles, is an early statement of Christian belief, a creed or "symbol." It is commonly used by many Christian denominations, during religious ceremonies and as a summary of Christian beliefs. It is most commonly used during ceremonies at churches of Western tradition, including the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church, Lutheranism, the Anglican Communion, and Western Orthodoxy. It is also used by evangelical Protestant denominations such as Presbyterians, Methodists, Congregationalists, and many Baptists. The Creed is named the Apostles' Creed because it is made of twelve articles. People believed that after Pentecost, God inspired each of Jesus' Twelve Apostles to write one article. Origin of the Creed. Many hypotheses exist about when and how the Apostles' Creed was created. Many suppose it comes from "the Old Roman Symbol" of the 1st or 2nd century, and was influenced later by the Nicene Creed (325/381). This creed seems to have been made as an argument against Gnosticism. Gnosticism was a heresy in the early days of the Church. Gnostics believed things that were very different than what the Catholic Church taught. The Apostles' Creed, and other creeds, were made to be like examples of Catholic teachings, and to defend Catholic beliefs.This can be seen in almost every phrase. For example, the creed states that Christ was born, suffered, and died on the cross. This seems to be an argument against Gnostic beliefs, which said that Christ only seemed to become a man, and that he did not truly suffer and die, but only seemed like he did. Because it was written very early in history, it does not talk about some issues that later Christian creeds, like the Nicene Creed, brought up. This makes it acceptable to many Arians and Unitarians. For more information on the origin of the Apostles' Creed, see the detailed discussion in the "Catholic Encyclopedia". Text of the Creed. Latin text. "Credo in Deum Patrem omnipotentem, Creatorem caeli et terrae. Et in Iesum Christum, Filium Eius unicum, Dominum nostrum, qui conceptus est de Spiritu Sancto, natus ex Maria Virgine, passus sub Pontio Pilato, crucifixus, mortuus, et sepultus, descendit ad ínferos, tertia die resurrexit a mortuis, ascendit ad caelos, sedet ad dexteram Dei Patris omnipotentis, inde venturus est iudicare vivos et mortuos. Credo in Spiritum Sanctum, sanctam Ecclesiam catholicam, sanctorum communionem, remissionem peccatorum, carnis resurrectionem, vitam aeternam. Amen." Greek text. ("Triglot Concordia", St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1921, p. 12) English translations. The Roman Catholic Church. The English version in the "Catechism of the Catholic Church" keeps the tradition of dividing the Creed into twelve articles: The Church of England. In the Church of England there are currently two authorized forms of the creed. One is in the "Book of Common Prayer" (1662). The other is in "Common Worship" (2000). Book of Common Prayer Common Worship The United Methodist Church. The United Methodists commonly include the Apostles' Creed in their worship services. Their version of the Creed is special because it does not have the line "he descended into hell." Except for this, it is very similar to the version in the "Book of Common Prayer". The "United Methodist Hymnal" also contains (at #882) what it calls the "Ecumenical Version" of the Creed. This version is identical to the one in the Episcopal Church's current "Book of Common Prayer". This form of the Apostles' Creed is included in the "Hymnal" to be used during the Eucharist and baptisms. Because of this, it is getting more popular. Ecumenical version of the English Language Liturgical Consultation. The English Language Liturgical Consultation (ELLC) is an international group whose goal is to provide texts that can be used and accepted by people of any Christian denomination. In 1988, it created a translation of the Apostles' Creed. One major change in this version is that it does not use the word "his" when talking about God. The text is as follows: Matcha Matcha (pronounce: "MA-cha") also spelt maccha (Japanese: 抹茶), is a fine, powdered green tea. It is used in Japanese tea ceremony and for dying and flavouring foods such as mochi and soba noodles, green tea ice cream and different types of "wagashi" (Japanese confectionery). The most famous Matcha-producing regions are Uji in Kyoto (tea from this region is called "Ujicha"), Nishio in Aichi (tea from this region is called "Nishiocha") both on the main island of Honshū; Shizuoka, and Kyushu. Matcha costs more money than other kinds of tea. Its price depends on its quality (how good it is). It can be hard to find outside Japan, and also the special things that are used to make it and drink it. History. Powdered tea, stored and traded as tea bricks, seems to have been invented in China during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). Making and drinking powdered tea was formed into a ritual (special ceremony) by the Chan Buddhists. These Buddhists use to drink from the same bowl as a sacrament. Chan Buddhism (also known in Japanese as Zen), and powdered tea, were brought to Japan in 1191 by the monk Eisai. Powdered tea was slowly forgotten in China, but the 16th century tea master Sen no Rikyu made the rules of the Japanese tea ceremony. He said that "matcha" was the correct tea to use. Production. The preparation of "matcha" starts several weeks before harvest. At that time, the tea bushes are covered so that they do not get direct sunlight. This makes it grow slower and turns the leaves a darker shade of green. It also causes amino acids to be made, and these make the tea taste sweeter. After harvesting, if the leaves are rolled out before drying as usual, the result will be "gyokuro" (jewel dew) tea. However, if the leaves are laid out flat to dry, they will crumble and become known as "tencha" (). "Tencha" can then be de-veined, de-stemmed, and ground (pressed) with a stone until it becomes the fine, bright green, talc-like powder known as "matcha". Only ground "tencha" can be called "matcha": other powdered teas are known as "konacha" (, lit. "powdered tea"). Nearly all the flavour of matcha comes from the amino acids. The best matcha has more sweetness and a deeper flavour than the normal grades of tea harvested later in the year. Grades. The way that watcha is graded depends on several things: Location on the green tea tree. Leaves that are going to be made into tencha have to come from certain parts of the tree. The very top of the tree has developing leaves that are soft and supple. This gives a finer texture to higher grades. More developed leaves are harder, giving lower grades a sandy texture. The better flavour is due to the tree sending all its nutrients to the growing leaves. Chlorophyll's relationship to tannin is also important. Younger growth is greener and stronger in colour, while more developed leaves farther down the plant have had their chlorophyll changed gradually into tannin, which gives a more bitter flavour and duller brown-green colour. Treatment before processing. Tencha leaves are traditionally dried outside in the shade and are always kept away from direct sunlight. However, these days, drying has mostly moved indoors. Quality matcha is very green because of this treatment. Stone grinding. Stone grinding is quite difficult to do well. Without the right tools and technique, matcha can become "burnt" and is not such good quality. Oxidation. Matcha must be kept away from oxygen. Oxidation smells like hay and affects colour and texture. Preparation. Before it is served, the matcha is often forced through a sieve in order to break up clumps. There are special sieves available for this purpose. These sieves are usually made of stainless steel and combine a fine wire mesh sieve and a temporary storage container. A special wooden spatula is used to force the tea through the sieve, or a small, smooth stone may be put on top of the sieve and shaken gently. If the sieved matcha is to be served at a Japanese tea ceremony, then it will be put into a small tea caddy called a chaki. Otherwise, it can be poured directly from the sieve into a tea bowl. A small amount of matcha is placed into the bowl, traditionally using a bamboo scoop called a "chashaku", and a small amount of hot (not boiling) water is added. The mixture is then whisked until it is all the same consistency (thickness). This is traditionally done with a special kind of whisk made of bamboo known as a "chasen". There must be no lumps left in the liquid. Ideally no ground tea should remain on the sides of the bowl. "Usucha", or thin tea, is prepared with half a teaspoon of matcha and about 75 ml (2.5 oz) of hot water. Some drinkers (and schools of tea ceremony) prefer to whip the mixture to produce a light frothy "head," while others prefer as little foam as possible. Schools also vary on the amount of water and matcha. "Usucha" makes a lighter and slightly more bitter tea. "Koicha", or thick tea, needs much more matcha, as many as six teaspoons to 3/4 cup of water. Because the mixture is much thicker, blending it needs a slower, stirring movement which does not produce foam. Koicha produces a sweeter tea, and is almost always only served as part of Japanese tea ceremonies. Special chasen made for this purpose are often used. Because matcha can be bitter, it is traditionally served with a small Japanese sweet. Other uses. Matcha is now a common ingredient in sweets. It is used in castella, manju, and monaka; as a topping for kakigori; mixed with milk and sugar as a drink; and mixed with salt and used to flavour tempura in a mixture known as matcha-jio. It is also used as flavouring in many Western-style chocolates, candy, and desserts, such as cakes and pastries (including Swiss rolls and cheesecake), cookies, pudding, mousse, and ice cream. Even the Japanese snack Pocky has a matcha-flavoured version. The use of matcha in modern drinks has also spread to North American café culture. Here, as in Japan, it is put into lattés, iced drinks, milkshakes, and smoothies, as well as alcoholic drinks. People now realize that green tea and matcha are good for the health. This is why in North America it can be found in a lot of health food products such as cereal and energy bars. Asylum (album) Asylum is a studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on September 16, 1985. Green tea The drink green tea () is a "true" tea. It comes from the plant species "Camellia sinensis". Green tea is a tea that has undergone little oxidation while it was processed. Green tea is popular in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and the Middle East. Recently it has been drunk more widely in the West, where usually black tea is consumed. History. In the Kamakura period, a Buddhist monk, Eisai (1141–1215), and his follower, Dogen, first brought tea "(maccha)" to Japan. He had learned about tea on a visit to China. Eisai taught people to grow the tea plants, and how to prepare the tea leaves. People drank tea for its benefit as a medicine rather than as a refreshment. Tea-drinking gradually spread as part of Zen Buddhism. The tea ceremony was part of the training for mental discipline. Green tea kept the mind pure and relaxed, an effect caused by the caffeine in the tea. The custom of drinking tea gradually spread throughout Japan. In the Muromachi period, tea tasting competitions were popular. People also gambled on these competitions. Zen Buddhist master, Juko Murata (1422–1502) stopped these competitions. He broke with the grand tradition, and developed a small ceremony performed around the tatami mat. The tea ceremony was perfected afterward in the Azuchimomoyama era by Jou Takeno and Sen no Rikyu (1522–1591). They removed all extra movements and unnecessary decoration and objects from the tea room. The idea, based on Zen, was to concentrate your attention on the wealth inside your mind. In the Edo period, the tea ceremony spread out to the public, and it became an artistic accomplishment. Therefore, "to draw out the beauty from inside the person's heart" which was its original purpose came to be emphasized. The words "和敬清寂 (Wa Kei Sei Jaku)" meaning harmony, respect, purity and tranquility, are the basis of the tea ceremony. Wa, harmony, is shown by sharing the tea between the host and the guest. Kei, respect, is shown by accepting and sharing with others. Sei, purity, is treating yourself and others openly. Jaku, tranquility, is the feeling of stillness in the ceremony. Modern tea ceremonies, which last for four hours, are still based on these ideas. In the Meiji period, the tea ceremony died out for while. They were restarted when it was added in a kind of education for girls. The ceremony also changed to being beautiful and gorgeous. Nowadays, green tea is spreading all over the world, but it seems to be drunk with sugar in some countries because it tastes bitter. Effects on health. Green tea seems to lower heart disease expectancy. The different substances contained in green tea also seem to help against cancer, low bone density, cognitive function and kidney stones. Green tea contains ascorbic acid, and different minerals, such as chromium, manganese, selenium or zinc. It is a better antioxidant than black tea. Black tea contains certain substances which cannot be found in common green tea, such as theaflavin. Studies done on animals have shown that it can reduce cholesterol. Trials done on humans have not confirmed this effect, however. In 2003 a randomized clinical trial found that a green tea extract with added theaflavin from black tea could reduce cholesterol. In a study performed at Birmingham (UK) University, it was shown that average fat oxidation rates were 17% higher after drinking of green tea extract than after a placebo was used. In a recent study of the eating habits of 2,018 women, consumption of mushrooms and green tea was linked to a 90% lower occurrence of breast cancer. Tatami mats are a traditional Japanese flooring. The top surface is made of woven straw. Traditional tatami are packed with straw. Nowadays some of them are packed with styrofoam. Tatami are individual mats. They have a uniform size and shape. They have borders of brocade or plain green cloth. Tatami were originally a luxury item for the rich at a time when lower classes had mat-covered dirt floors. Tatami were gradually popularized. They finally reached the homes of commoners towards the end of the 17th century. History. Japanese people have used "tatami" since the Nara Era (710-794). They were knitted and became thicker like modern "tatami". People who lived in the Heian Era stepped onto "tatami" to show their power and they spread the "tatami" only in a necessary part of the room. The use of "tatami" was a little different from now. The "shoin" style of traditional Japanese residential architecture began in the Kamakura Era. During this time, people stopped spreading "tatami" around the room and placing them in the middle. They started to spread "tatami" through the room. People decided to spread "tatami" by the hearth and sit erect with their legs folded under. "Tatami" has been changing together with people's life style. "Tatami" became common for people in the middle of the Edo Era. Farmers started to use them in the Meiji Era. The removal of "tatami" regulation made them more common in the Meiji Era. Japanese people often dry the "tatami". If the "tatami"'s surface was discolored, people often turned them over. With the economic growth after World War Two people started to use chairs and carpets. Japanese people think flooring is not relaxing or soundproof enough, so people still use "tatami" now. Making Tatami. "Tatami" is made with a rush plant, "igusa". Rush is planted in the rice fields in August. The seedlings are dug out in November, and a good seedling is chosen. The chosen seedlings are planted in the rice fields again in December. By the end of June to the middle of July, the high-quality rush grows up to about one meter tall and it will be harvested the next year. The rush should be dry after harvesting, and keep the peculiar smell and the color of the rush. The rush is selected according to length and the thickness, and it is checked for bruising. After the harvest ends, "tatami" is made. Because Japanese rooms are different sizes, "tatami" are made in different sizes. The base of the "tatami" is made first. "Tatami" is woven with a special machine. It similar to the weaving on a kimono. The next part is the wick of tatami, called "toko". When the "toko" is 40 centimeters or more thick, and the shape is straightened. The mat is complete, and that is called "mushiro". The "tatami" is complete when it is joined to the toko and the decoration on the mat edges are sewn. "Igusa". "Igusa" is a perennial plant of the family of "igusa". "Igusa" smells good. It has a fresh, grassy smell. In English, they are called rushes. "Igusa" blooms from May through June. The plant grows up to a length of 100 centimeters or less. They grow in marshes where sunshine is good. In Japan, there are 30 kinds of "igusa" growing in many different areas. "Tatami" is made from natural "igusa" that must be flexible from the root to the tip, and the thickness and the color varies slightly. About 4000 to 7000 "igusa" are used for the" tatami". Generally the best "tatami" uses more and longer "igusa" rushes. There are many benefits in using "igusa" such as air purification, heat insulation, elasticity, cooling (especially in hot summer seasons), eco-friendly and sound absorbing qualities. "Igusa" "tatami" is also smooth to the touch, so it is comfortable for babies and young children. Most Japanese like "tatami". Many homes have at least one tatami room. "Tatami". "Tatamiberi" is the cloth that covers the edge and also decorates the "tatami". Some "tatami" don’t have it. In English, it is called the mat edge. The width of "tatamiberi" is about three centimeters. The material on the "tatamiberi" is cotton yarn, a synthetic material string, and a gold thread. The features change according to what strings are combining with "tatamiberi". The woven beautiful color handle sets off the room. There are two types, and the atmosphere of the room changes by the "tatamiberi". There are many kinds of "tatamiberi". But "tatamiberi" was used to show status. For example, the emperor, ministers, priests, and scholars had different styles. It was recorded in "Amanomokuzu" in 1420. Japan has etiquette about "tatamiberi". Japanese are taught not to step on the "tatamiberi". It is easy to tear "tatamiberi" when stepping in the weakest part. Stepping on "tatamiberi" fades the color on the edge of cotton and hemp in the "tatami". Therefore etiquette means "not to hurt the mat carelessy stepping when you visit another house, pay it attention". Also, family crests were embroidered on the "tatamiberi" in old times, too. Stepping on the family crest was taboo. Sake Sake (Japanese:酒; pronounced 'sa.kɛ' ) is a Japanese word for "alcoholic drink". In English, "sake" means one kind of alcoholic drink made from rice. In Japan, people call this drink nihonshu ( "Japanese alcohol") or "sake". This article uses the word "sake" as it is used in English. Ingredients. Sake is a fermented drink. Most sake is made from rice, water, kōji, and yeast. Sometimes a small amount of lactic acid is used in brewing. Water or small amounts of pure alcohol can be added at the end of production. Sake can have from 12 to 22% alcohol, but is usually around 15 or 16%. Lower quality mass-produced sake can have added sugar or flavorings. Serving sake. Sake is usually sold in bottles that are either 720ml or 1.8L. Drinkers or servers in a restaurant may pour small cups called "chokko" directly from the bottle. Sake is also served in smaller bottles called "tokkuri". A typical serving in a bar or restaurant is 180ml. People may share that amount. When drinking together, people often pour drinks for each other rather than for themselves. Amazake. Amazake is sweet, low or non-alcoholic sake. Majority Majority means the greater number of something. The opposite is minority. If more than half the people are right-handed we can say that the majority of people are right-handed. A minority of people are left-handed. In fact, nearly everyone is right-handed, so we can say that the "vast majority" are right-handed, and only a "small minority" are left-handed. If a political party or candidate gets a majority of votes, it means that they get more than all the other parties together. In Plurality voting, they only get more than any one of the others. Thus if there are three parties, the winning party may have a plurality of 40% while the other two each have 30%. A "true majority" or "absolute majority" means more votes than all the other parties together, i.e. more than half the total votes. Charles Koechlin Charles Koechlin (pronounce:”Ke-klin” with “klin” to rhyme with French “vin”), (born Paris, November 27 1867; died Le Canadel, December 31 1950) was a French composer, teacher and writer on music. He wrote a very large amount of music, but very little of it was published because he was more interested in helping younger composers than making himself well-known. Some of his best works include his symphonic poems and his film music. His life. Koechlin was born in Paris, the youngest child of a large and rich family. His mother’s family came from the Alsace near the French border with Germany, and he was proud of his Alsatian background. His grandfather on his mother’s side had started a cotton textile firm in Mulhouse and his father worked in the textile business. When Koechlin was 14 his father died. He showed an interest in music, but his family wanted him to be an artillery officer. However, he had tuberculosis and had to spent six months getting better in Algeria. After finishing his schooling he was allowed to enter the Paris Conservatoire in 1890. Two years later he was studying composition with Massenet, and in 1896 he was a pupil of Gabriel Fauré. Ravel was a pupil in the same class. Fauré had a big influence on Koechlin who wrote a book about him and helped him to arrange some of his music for orchestra. Koechlin became a freelance composer and teacher. He married Suzanne Pierrard in 1903 and they had five children. At first he was comfortably off, but after World War I the family lost a lot of money and they had to sell their country house. Koechlin had very free views about music, and this is probably why he never got a teaching job at the Piano Conservatoire. He also agreed with some things that the Communists thought. He did not like modern inventions like the telephone and radio. He looked like an old Russian patriarch with his long beard. He dressed in velvet trousers, sandals and a shepherd’s cape for bad weather. He liked outdoor activities such as swimming and mountaineering. He was offered the Legion d’honneur in 1940 but refused it. His music. Koechlin composed in a variety of styles, even changing the style during a piece. He often liked quiet music with long chords which are played for the sounds they make rather than for giving the music a traditional shape. Sometimes there were no barlines in his music. He often composed in his head while on a train or climbing a mountain. His works for orchestra include "Les Bandarlogs" which was based on the "Jungle Book" by Rudyard Kipling. Kipling’s “Bandarlog” are a troupe of monkeys in the forest. The music describes the monkeys, but Koechlin also gives it another meaning: he is criticising music critics, comparing them to monkeys. In the "Seven Stars Symphony" each movement is about a famous film star. They include Greta Garbo, Marlene Dietrich and Charlie Chaplin. He wrote a lot of chamber music and piano music, including some dances for Ginger Rogers. Sources. Robert Orledge, "Charles Koechlin (1867-1950) His Life and Works" (London, 1989) Jastrzębie-Zdrój Jastrzębie-Zdrój is a city in Poland in Silesian Voivodeship. It has about 94,072 inhabitants and an area of 85,44 km². Palm (unit) A palm, when used as a unit of length, is usually four digits ("fingers") or three inches, i.e. 7.62 cm (for the international inch). In English this unit is no longer in use as other units that are based on the human arm: digit (¼ palm), finger (7/24 palm), hand (4/3 palms), shaftment (2 palms), span (3 palms), cubit (6 palms) and ell (15 palms). Schnapps Schnapps is a type of distilled alcoholic drink. The word "schnapps" comes from the German word schnaps. German schnapps. Traditional German schnapps are usually clear alcoholic drinks which are distilled from fermented cereals, roots, and fruits. Traditional German schnapps has no sugar or other flavoring added. It is similar in look and flavor to vodka with light fruit flavors. The alcohol content is usually around 40%. American schnapps. The other type of schnapps is American. This type of schnapps is a liqueur that has sugar and flavorings such as peach, mint, or butterscotch. The alcohol content of American schnapps is usually only about 20%, which is lower than German-style schnapps. Standard time Standard time is putting all clocks in a time zone to the same time. Standard time can also be used to mean the time without daylight saving time. Standard time happens from autumn to early spring. Daylight saving time happens from early spring to autumn. History. Great Britain. Standard time was first used by British railways on December 11, 1847, when they switched from local mean time to Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Almost all of Great Britain's public clocks were using GMT by 1855. North America. Before 1883, local mean time was used in all of North America. This meant there were many different local times. This caused problems for train schedules. Sandford Fleming, a Canadian, proposed standard time at a meeting of the Royal Canadian Institute on February 8, 1879. The owners of the major railroads met in Chicago to make the Standard Time System. Most states began using the system soon after the railroads. The U.S. government officially began using the system almost fifty years later. Criticism. Some people do not like standard time (and daylight saving time). Some people do not like it because they do not trust in government. Others believe that it disturbs circadian rhythms. Others simply like traditional, natural markers of time, like sunsets, noon and sunrise. Span Span could mean: Span (unit of length) Span is the width of a human hand, from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the pinky finger. In Slavic language, the analogue of span is pyad ("peti, пядь"). It is the width from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the forefinger. Acting president of the United States The acting president of the United States is a person who temporarily acts as president when the president is unable to carry out their duties, but remains in office. The position was created by the 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution. The acting president possesses all presidential powers and duties during the time of their term but does not become the president, instead serving only as acting president. This term lasts until the president declares in writing that they are no longer unable to execute the duties of their office themselves. George H.W. Bush later became president. To date there have been three acting presidents. They were vice presidents: Electric power transmission Electric power transmission is the transmitting of electricity to places where it will be used. Specifically, it is the bulk transfer of electrical power from the power plant to substations near populated areas. Electric power distribution is the delivery from the substation to the consumers. Due to the large amount of power and long distances, transmission normally takes place at high voltage (110 kV or above). Electricity is usually transmitted over long distance through overhead power transmission lines. Underground power transmission is used only in densely populated areas (such as large cities) because of the high cost of installation and maintenance and because the power losses increase dramatically compared with overhead transmission unless superconductors and cryogenic technology are used. A power transmission system is sometimes referred to colloquially as a "grid"; however, for reasons of economy, the network is rarely a true grid. Redundant paths and lines are provided so that power can be routed from any power plant to any load center, through a variety of routes, based on the economics of the transmission path and the cost of power. Electrical grid An electrical grid is a connection network of power generation, power transmission, power distribution and power load. The grid connects all of those parts in power systems to deliver power from the generators at the power station to the customers or load center which will use the electricity. Darfur conflict The Darfur conflict is an ongoing military conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan, the third largest country in Africa. It is a conflict along ethnic and tribal lines that began in 2003. Many people and the United States Government, consider it to be a genocide. The United Nations currently does not see this as genocide. Those involved in the conflict. One side of the conflict is composed mainly of the Janjaweed, a militia group recruited from the Arab tribes who move from place to place herding camels. The Sudanese government tells the public that it does not support the Janjaweed. However, it has provided cash and assistance and has even participated in joint attacks. The other side of the conflict is made up of a number of rebel armies, including the Sudan Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement. These armies are recruited from Black ethnic groups who make a living farming the land. How the conflict is dealt with. The African Union sent a 7,000-troop peacekeeping force to Sudan. However, this force was poorly funded and under-equipped. So the United Nations decided to send an additional 17,300-troop peacekeeping force to help them. Sudan was strongly against this decision and saw the UN forces as foreign invaders. The next day, the Sudanese military launched a major offensive in the region. The Sudanese government may have suppressed information about the conflict. Some witnesses have been jailed, others may have been killed. This started in 2004. Also, some evidence, such as mass graves was tampered with, so that it became unusable. Some people say this was done by forces which are close to the Sudanese government. In addition, by obstructing and arresting journalists, the Sudanese government has been able to obscure much of what has gone on. The United States government has described it as genocide. The UN has declined to do so. In March 2007 the UN mission accused Sudan's government of "gross violations" in Darfur and called for urgent international action to protect civilians there. Effect of the conflict. There are different estimates of how many died in the conflict. According to Sudan's government, 9,000 people have been killed. On the other hand, many other people say that it could be from 200,000 to over 400,000. By October 2006, as many as 2.5 million people had to move because of the conflict. The United Nations says that about 200,000 people have been killed in the conflict so far. Most non-governmental organizations use 200,000 to more than 400,000. The latter is a figure from the Coalition for International Justice that has since been cited by the UN. Sudan's government claims that more than 9,000 people have been killed, although this figure is seen as a gross underestimate. Darfur conflict bibliography This is the bibliography and reference section for the Darfur conflict series. Other websites to reports, news articles and other sources of information may also be found below. AIESEC AIESEC (said like "Eye Seck"), is a big student organisation that was started in 1948. It was made to fix problems between countries and create peace after World War II. It has spread all over the world since it started. There are many members in about 125 countries. AIESEC is an organisation that helps its members to develop themselves as leaders. It also has an exchange program for students and university graduates to intern or volunteer in other countries. Most members are students at university but some are paid to work for AIESEC. The organisation is presented in 125 countries and territories in the world. The headquarters of AIESEC are in Rotterdam. Members say that AIESEC does a lot of good in the world through the exchange by helping people from different countries to share information about their culture. For over 60 years of working AIESEC's main impact had been its alumni all over the world. These alumni become successful business leaders, politicians, and NGO directors. The approximate number of alumni 1 million. Organelle In cell biology, an organelle is a part of a cell that does a specific job. Organelles usually have a plasma membrane around them. Most of the cell's organelles are in the cytoplasm. The name "organelle" comes from the idea that these structures are to cells what an organ is to the body. There are many types of organelles in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes were once thought not to have organelles, but some examples have now been found. They are not organised like eukaryote organelles, and are not bounded by plasma membranes. They are called bacterial microcompartments. Scope of the term. The term is now widely used to refer to cell structures surrounded by single or double plasma membranes. However, the older definition of a 'subcellular functional unit' still exists. So, the term is sometimes used for structures which are not membrane-bound. The plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer with some proteins embedded in it. It keeps the ions and molecules of the organelle from merging with the surroundings. Origin of organelles. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have double-membranes and their DNA. These are believed to come from incompletely digested or invading [[prokaryotes]. which were adopted as a part of the invaded cell. This idea is supported in the [[Endosymbiosis|endosymbiotic theory]]. Prokaryotic organelles. [[Prokaryote]]s are not so complex as eukaryotes. They were once thought to have no internal structures inside the [[Lipid bilayer|lipid membranes]]. However, recent research has shown that at least some prokaryotes have [[Bacterial microcompartment|microcompartment]]s such as [[carboxysome]]s. These subcellular compartments are 100–200 nm in diameter and are enclosed by a shell of proteins. Even more striking is the description of membrane-bound magnetosomes in bacteria. as well as the nucleus-like structures of the "Planctomycetes" that are surrounded by [[Lipid bilayer|lipid membranes]]. References. [[Category:Organelles| ]] That '70s Show That '70s Show is an American television series. It is about the lives of a group of teenagers living in Point Place, Wisconsin from May 17, 1976 to December 31, 1979. The series first started August 23, 1998 and its final episode aired May 18, 2006. The series continues to run in syndication on FX and the CW network in the United States and United Kingdom, CH in Canada, as well as the Seven Network in Australia and Star World in Asia, including Malaysia. It also runs on The NTV for teens. Sivaya Subramuniyaswami Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami (January 5, 1927 – 2001), known as Gurudeva by his followers, was a Hindu leader and author. He was born in Oakland, California. He made a Hindu monastery in Kauai, Hawaii and founded the magazine "Hinduism Today". Subramuniyaswami was an author of many books on Hinduism and metaphysics. He was one of the most traditional and well known people of Hinduism during the last two decades of the 20th century. He was one of Saivism's most revered Gurus, the founder and leader of the world's first Hindu church ("Saiva Siddhanta Church"). Books. Subramuniyaswami has written several books on Hinduism, Saivism, yoga and meditation. His works are highly regarded by many of today's Hindu leaders. Subramuniyaswami's largest work, "Master Course", is a complete essay on all parts of Hinduism (Saivism), including the Hindu approach to meditation and metaphysics. It is in three books and more than 3,000 pages. The work is written in a flowing version of written English that is similar to the spoken language as well as ancient Hindu oral traditions. Crazy Nights Crazy Nights is a studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on September 18, 1987. "Crazy Crazy Nights" was the first song released from the album. It reached #4 in the UK. Hot in the Shade Hot in the Shade is a studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on October 17, 1989. Halfway Home (TV series) Halfway Home is a comedy television series that premiered on Wednesday, March 14, 2007, at 10:30 p.m. on Comedy Central. As described on its official website, "Halfway Home" is an "improvised half-hour series featuring the daily exploits of five ex-cons living together in a residential rehab facility." Prime Minister of New Zealand The prime minister of New Zealand is New Zealand's head of government. This job is given to the leader of the party or coalition with the most support in the Parliament of New Zealand. Since 26 October 2017, the prime minister has been Jacinda Ardern of the Labour Party. Responsibilities and powers. The power of the presidency has grown substantially since the office's establishment in 1789. While presidential power has ebbed and flowed over time, the presidency has played an increasingly strong role in American political life since the beginning of the 20th century, with a notable expansion during the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt. In contemporary times, the president is also looked upon as one of the world's most powerful political figures as the leader of the only remaining global superpower. As the leader of the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP, the president possesses significant domestic and international hard and soft power. The prime minister holds the most senior post in the New Zealand Parliament. The prime minister is not able to give direct orders to other people in their party. The prime minister can call for an election by asking the Governor-General to close Parliament Living former prime ministers. As of , there are six living former New Zealand prime ministers, as seen below. The most recent prime minister to die was Mike Moore (served 1990), on 2 February 2020, aged 71. The Masque of the Red Death "The Masque of the Red Death" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. It was first published in May 1842 in "Graham's Lady's and Gentleman's Magazine". Plot. A painful and fatal disease involving blood aka kinbni am and finds him lying dead. His courtiers try to unmask the figure..only to find nothingness! Only then do they realize the figure is the Red Death itself, and all of the guests contract and succumb to the disease. With the last of them die the clock and the flames illuminating the scarlet window both die out at the same time. "And Darkness and Decay and the Red Death held illimitable dominion over all". done! Darfur Darfur (Arabic دار فور, meaning "home of the Fur") is region of far western Sudan. It borders the Central African Republic, Libya, and Chad. It is divided into three federal states within Sudan: Gharb Darfur (West Darfur), Janub Darfur (South Darfur), and Shamal Darfur (North Darfur). It is currently in the midst of an ongoing humanitarian crisis that developed from the conflict between Ganjaweed militias and rebel groups (namely the Sudan Liberation Movement and Justice and Equality Movement) Geography and climate. Darfur covers an area of about 493 180 km² (196,555 miles²)—just over two-thirds the size of France and more than half the size of Kenya. It is largely an arid plateau with the "Marrah Mountains" (Jebel Marra), a range of volcanic peaks rising up to 3000 m (10,100 ft), in the center of the region. The region's main towns are Al Fashir, Nyala, and Geneina. There are four main features of the physical geography. The whole eastern half of Darfur is covered with plains and low hills of sandy soils, known as "goz", and sandstone hills. In many places the "goz" is waterless and can only be inhabited where there are water reservoirs or deep boreholes. To the north the "goz" is overtaken by the desert sands of the Sahara. A second feature are the "wadis", seasonal watercourses ranging from small rivulets that flood only occasionally during the wet season to large "wadis" that flood for most of the rains and flow from western Darfur hundreds of miles west to Lake Chad. Many "wadis" have pans of alluvium with rich soil that are also difficult to cultivate. The west of Darfur is dominated by the third feature, basement rock, sometimes covered with a thin layer of sandy soil. Basement rock is too infertile to be farmed, but provides sporadic forest cover that can be grazed by animals. The fourth and final feature are the Marrah Mountains, that rise up to a peak at Deriba crater where there is a small area of temperate climate, high rainfall and permanent springs of water. The rainy season is from June through September, transforming much of the region from dusty brown to green. Because much of the population of Darfur is agricultural, the rains are vital. In normal years, a crop is ready to be harvested by November. Once harvested, the dry stalks may be fed to domestic livestock. In the far northern desert, years may pass between rainfall. In the far south, annual average rainfall is 700 mm and many trees remain green year-round. Economy and demography. Darfur has an estimated population of 7.4 million people. Darfur's economy is primarily based on subsistence agriculture, producing cereals, fruit and tobacco as well as livestock in the drier north. In addition to this, Darfur also suffers from frequent droughts during the summer and heavy rainfall in the winter. This has caused many farmers to provide inadequate crops causing the deaths of thousands of people. Darfur Conflict. The Darfur conflict is an ongoing armed conflict between the Janjaweed militia group and the tribes of the region. The United Nations estimates that over 400,000 people have lost their lives since the beginning of this conflict. Mill Mill could mean: People named Mill: Mill (grinding) A grinding mill is a tool that is designed to break a solid material into smaller pieces. There are many different types of grinding mills and many types of materials processed in them. Small mills can be powered by hand, such as a mortar and pestle or a pepper grinder. Large grinding mills were usually powered by working animals, wind (windmill) or water (watermill) in the past. In the 2000s, most large grinding mills are powered by electricity. Types of grinding mills. Mortar and pestle. People who need to grind a small amount of a food, such as spices or grain, for their own cooking often use a hand-powered mortar and pestle or a hand-powered grinder, such as a pepper grinder. In the 2000s, many people also used electric-powered grinding mills. These kitchen appliances have a metal blade that grinds the food into small pieces. Electric-powered grinding mills are often used for grinding nuts or coffee. Grain mills. For thousands of years, humans have ground their grains (such as wheat or corn) into flour using grain mills powered by animals (such as oxen or horses), wind (windmills) or by running water from a stream or river (watermill). In the 2000s, most grain mills are powered by electricity. Mechanical process. After grinding the state of the solid is changed: the grain size, and the grain shape. Also, there may be more or less crushing. For process engineering, several things are important: increasing the surface area of the solid; making the solid have wanted grain size; and pulping the material to the desired state (squishing it). Windmill A windmill is a type of working engine. It converts the wind's energy into rotational energy. To do this it uses vanes called sails or blades. The energy made by windmills can be used in many ways. These include grinding grain or spices, pumping water and sawing wood. Modern wind power machines are used to create electricity. These are called wind turbines by engineers or wind mills by the average person. Before modern times, windmills were most commonly used to grind grain into flour for making bread. The windmill has been in history for many years. History. An organ powered by a "windwheel" was written about in the 2nd century AD by the Greek engineer Hero. It could have been the first machine in history that used wind power. Vertical axle windmills were used in eastern Persia (Sistar) by 60 AD. Horizontal axle windmills were invented in Northwestern Europe in the 1180s. This is the type often used today. Early history. The first windmills had long vertical shafts with rectangle shaped blades. They existed in Persia in the 9th century. There is a story about a windmill and the second caliph Umar (634\644 AD). It is not known if this is a true story. These windmills were made of six to twelve sails. The sails were covered in reed matting or cloth. They were very different from European versions. A similar type of vertical shaft windmill with rectangle blades can also be found in 13th century China. They were used for irrigation. How they work. The blades or sails of the windmill are turned by the wind. Gears and cogs makes the drive shaft inside the windmill turn. In a windmill used for making flour, this turns the grinding stones. As the stones turn, they crush the wheat (or other grain) between them. In a windmill used for pumping water, turning the drive shaft moves a piston. The piston can suck up and push out water as it moves up and down. In a windmill used for generating power, the drive shaft is connected to many gears. This increases the speed and is used to turn a generator to make electricity. Windmills in culture and literature. Miguel de Cervantes' book "Don Quixote de La Mancha" has an important scene in which Don Quixote attacks windmills. He thinks that they are violent giants. Because of this, La Mancha and its windmills are famous. This is also the origin of the phrase "tilting at windmills". It means an act of uselessness. "Moulin Rouge" translated directly from French, and means "Red Windmill". Windmill (disambiguation) A windmill is an engine powered by the wind to produce energy, often contained in a large building as in traditional post mills, smock mills and tower mills. Windmill may also refer to: Blood transfusion Blood transfusion is a medical term. It means a procedure used to transfer blood (or some products based on blood) from the circulatory system of one human to that of another human. Uses. Blood transfusions can save the life of a person, if that person has lost a lot of blood. A person can lose blood from an injury, a trauma or from a medical operation. Blood transfusions can also be applied as a treatment to certain diseases of the blood (like Anaemia, for example). Blood is not collected and used immediately. Instead it is kept until it is needed. The storage area is informally called a blood bank . By adding anti-coagulant to keep the blood from clotting and refrigerating the blood, it is possible to store it for a few days. Information about transfusion and donation is available at the National Institutes of Health website . Problems. Not all people are able to donate blood to all other people. Testing for blood types usually prevents any bad reaction to a blood transfusion. However, there are special problems for anyone with rare blood groups. It is very important, in order to avoid any complications during a blood transfusion, to detect individuals with rare blood types. The usual tests for ABO blood group system would show them as group O. It may not be possible to give a blood transfusion at all unless the repository has supply of blood which will not cause a reaction.it donates blood Delirium Delirium is a medical term. The condition is also known as acute confusional state. Doctors use it to describe patients who have lost parts or all of their ability to focus attention. People who suffer from it may also have problems to concentrate, or to remember things or other people. Delirium is a medical symptom. It is not a disease. Causes. A delirium can have many causes. The most common ones include: Definition. There are several definitions of what constitutes a delirium, but in general, the following is true: Treatment. Deliria are often treated with special drugs, called antipsychotics. Benzodiazepines are the most commonly used medications for alcohol withdrawal and DTs. They help calm excited nervous system. Treatment also need intravenous fluids with vitamins and minerals to treat dehydration or bring your electrolytes back into balance. Deliria are always a medical emergency, because it is impossible to predict how they develop. Worst-case scenarios include cardiac arrest, and malfunctions of the metabolism. In order to be able to treat a delirium, its cause must usually be found. In the case of alcoholism, the most common cause for a delirium is the withdrawal of alcohol. This condition is known as Delirium tremens. Jaundice Jaundice (also called icterus) is when the skin and the whites of the eyes become a yellow color. People with jaundice have a problem with their liver, which stops it from removing heme properly. Heme (from hemoglobin) changes to a chemical called bilirubin after red blood cell death. Bilirubin causes the yellow coloring of the skin. Jaundice is common in newly born babies. It usually starts the second day after birth. Jaundice can also be caused by other diseases, like malaria, hepatitis, or gallstones. Jaundice is the most common of all liver problems. The yellow colour of the skin and mucous membranes happens because of an increase in the bile pigment, bilirubin, in the blood. The bile, made by the liver, is a vital digestive fluid needed for proper nutrition. It also stops decaying changes in food. If the bile is stopped from entering the intestines there is an increase in gases and other products. Normally, the production of bile and its flow is constant. Types of Jaundice. There are three types of jaundice: Yellow discoloration of the skin and the whites of the eyes happens in all types of jaundice. Symptoms. The symptoms of jaundice are: Causes. Jaundice is a sign that the liver is not working. It may be caused by a blockage of the bile ducts which release bile salts and pigment into the intestines. The bile then gets mixed with blood and this gives a yellow colour to the skin. The blockage of the bile ducts could be caused by: Other causes of jaundice are pernicious anaemia and diseases affecting the liver such as typhoid, malaria, yellow fever and tuberculosis. Hildegard of Bingen Hildegard of Bingen (born Bemersheim nr. Alzey in about 1098; died 17 September 1179) was a German writer, composer and mystic. She was an abbess who is well known for her literary works and her songs. She also wrote about medical and scientific things, and wrote letters to many important politicians. Hildegard was born into a noble family. Her parents sent her to a monastery because she was the tenth child of the family. She took the veil (became a nun) at the age of 15. By the time she was 38 she had the title of “mother superior”. She founded (started) a monastery on the Rupertsberg in the Rhine valley near Bingen. Later she founded a daughter house on the other side of the river near Rüdesheim. She travelled a lot and talked to many important people. She later had the title of “abbess”. After she died several popes suggested she should be made a saint, but this never happened. She does, though, have a feast day on September 17, which is celebrated in some parts of Germany. Known as the "Sybil of the Rhine", Hildegard had many visions, many of which she wrote down.They were mostly about God and his relationship with humans, the church, redemption from God, and creation. She wrote lyrical poetry which was very colourful and had lots of visionary ideas. Her music does not use plainchant like the music of many other medieval composers at the time. It mostly has small patterns of melody which are repeated many times in slightly different ways. Her music was also different because the chants she wrote were written for female voices, in a higher range than earlier chants. This made them easier for women's voices. She wrote a morality play in verse with 82 melodies. Hildegard of Bingen is the first composer whose life we know about. She may possibly be the first woman to write about female sexuality. Alternative medicine Alternative medicine describes practices used in place of conventional medical treatments. Some patients seek these practices along with conventional medicine. When the patient's medical doctor coordinates with an alternative medicine therapist, this is called "complementary medicine." Alternative medicine includes practices that incorporate spiritual, metaphysical, or religious belief; non-evidence-based practices, non-European medical traditions, or newly developed approaches to healing. Examples include acupuncture, chiropractic and homeopathy. Divaldo Pereira Franco Divaldo Pereira Franco or simply, Divaldo Franco is a Brazilian medium, born in Feira de Santana, Bahia, on May 5th, 1927. He has been, for almost 60 years, an important spiritual speaker and writer, having devoted more than 50 years to spirituality and more than 40 years dedicated taking care of the street children of Salvador, Bahia. On 15 August 1952, he founded (along with Nilson de Souza Pereira), the "House of Assistance" (Mansão do Caminho), responsible for the orientation and education of over 33,000 devoid children and adolescents. The First Years. Divaldo graduated from the Escola Normal Rural de Feira de Santana, where he received his Primary School Professor diploma in 1943. Since his infancy, he claimed to be able to communicate with spirits. When he was young, he was traumatized by the death of his two older brothers, so much so that he became sick. He was taken to several Medical specialists, none of them could give a satisfactory diagnosis. After this, he met Dr. Ana Ribeiro Borges, who persuaded him to take up the spiritist doctrine. During his period of convalescence, he dedicated himself to the study of spiritism. After the body health be restored, he continued studying the spiritism. Hindu gods Primarily it must be understood that in Hinduism the concept of God or Goddess is unlike that of monotheistic religions. The Gods of most cultures in Asia are icons of excellence to be emulated. They are not absoluteles. They may be questioned. Each represents a strength of human character. In Hinduism there are many beliefs regarding different deities. But in most of them a god is in charge. Supreme divine power in Hinduism is Para Brahman as the sole ultimate truth, an entity that exists and gives life to all things which is formless and is referred to as Vishnu or Narayana, Adi Parashakti/Shakti or Durga and Shiva or Mahadeva among different sects of Hinduism. Different forms (Avatars) of the same entity or supreme Brahman is being worshipped depending on the versatile number of traditions and sects within Hinduism. Hindus believe all it's devi-devas are different forms of that same formless Parambrahman. Devi-Devas in Hinduism are thought as highly advanced spiritual beings and are often represented in human form or partially human and partially animal forms. Sometimes they are also represented as non-living things and plants. The three gods who started creation: Vishnu, Brahma, and Shiva are called Bhagwans (also known as Bhagavān). Yakshas are all male gods created by the three Bhagwans. The main god in Vaishnavite sect of Hinduism is Vishnu. Vishnu is revered as supreme Paramatman in Vaishnava tradition. Shiva is the Supreme, in Shaivite Traditions while in Shakti Traditions, Adi Parashakti is supreme. Other names such as Ishvara, Bhagavan, Bhagvati, Parmeshwara and Paramatamana also means Hindu gods and all of them mainly denote Brahman. Vishnu, Shiva and Brahma are the major gods and Lakshmi, Parvati and Saraswati are the major goddesses in Hinduism. Many Hindus believe that Brahma is the Creator, Vishnu is the preserver and Shiva or Maheshwar is destroyer. Supreme God. Vishnu is the supreme God of Hinduism. Most Hindus worship one Supreme Being, though by different names. This is because the peoples of India with different languages and cultures have understood the one God in their own distinct way. Regional and family traditions can play a large part in influencing this choice. Through history four principal Hindu denominations arose —Vaishnavism, Shaktism, Shaivism, and Smartism. For Vaishnavites, Lord Maha Vishnu is God Of Supreme, For Shaktas, Goddess Shakti is supreme, For Shaivites, God Shiva is Supreme. For Smartas—who see all Deities as reflections of the One God—the choice of Deity is left to the devotee. Most Hindus, in their daily devotional practices, worship some form of a personal aspect of God, although they believe in the more abstract concept of a Supreme God as well. They generally choose one concept of God, and cultivate devotion to that chosen form, while at the same time respecting the chosen ideals of other people. The many different names given to the Supreme God in Hinduism encourage a multiplicity of paths, as opposed to conformity to just one. The unique understanding in Hinduism is that God is not far away, living in a remote heaven, but is all-pervasive and energizes the entire universe. He is also inside each soul, waiting to be discovered. Knowing the one Supreme God in this intimate and experiential way is the goal of Hindu spirituality. Other gods. Hindus also believe in many Gods (Devas) who perform various functions, like executives in a large corporation. These should not be confused with the Supreme God. These deities are highly advanced beings who have specific duties and powers—not unlike the heavenly spirits, overlords or archangels that are mystical actors revered in other faiths. Each denomination worships the Supreme God and its own set of divine beings. Devas (also called Devatās) constitute an integral part of the colorful Hindu culture. These various forms of God are represented in innumerable paintings, statues, murals, and scriptural stories that can be found in temples, homes, businesses, and other places. In Hinduism the scriptures recommend that for the satisfaction of a particular material desire a person may worship a particular deity. For example, shopkeepers frequently keep a statue or picture of the devi Lakshmi in their shops. Bhuvaneswari. The concept of Goddess Bhuvaneswari as the supreme goddess emerged in historical religious literature as a term to define the powerful and influential nature of female deities in India. Throughout history, goddesses have been portrayed as the mother of the universe, through whose powers the universe is created and destroyed. The gradual changes in belief through time shape the concept of Bhuvaneswari and express how the different Goddesses, though very different in personality, all carry the power of the universe on their shoulders. Coheed and Cambria Coheed and Cambria (sometimes abbreviated to "Coheed," "CO & CA" or "C&C") is an American rock band from New York. Coheed and Cambria have made four studio albums, two live albums, and some special albums. Their studio albums are concept albums, showing one story broken into parts. The band wants to make five albums telling the story of The Amory Wars. Now, four albums have been released: "The Second Stage Turbine Blade", "In Keeping Secrets of Silent Earth: 3", "Good Apollo I'm Burning Star IV, Volume One: From Fear Through the Eyes of Madness", and "Good Apollo, I'm Burning Star IV, Volume Two: No World for Tomorrow", and "Year of the Black Rainbow". These albums make the first, second, third, and fourth part of the four-part story of Coheed and Cambria. The albums have been made out of order; the second part was made first, and the first part has been made last. History. Early Days (1995). When a band called Toxic Parents, with Claudio Sanchez and Travis Stever in it, broke up about the same time as Nate Kelley's band, Moe & The Boogie Cats, the members of these bands came together to form a new band in March 1995. This band was called Beautiful Loser. It had Travis Stever singing and playing guitar, Claudio Sanchez on guitar, Nate Kelley on drums and Jon Carleo on bass. The group did not last long, it broke up in June of 1995; they had an argument about gas money. Stever left the band, and Kelley was kicked out, but he came back when Sanchez asked him to. Without Stever, the band only had three people, so Sanchez started to sing and play guitar. Shabütie. They changed their name to Shabütie, a chant taken from the movie "The Naked Prey". The band constantly changed and experimented with different genres and styles, never properly deciding a set genre. When Carleo left the band in August 1996, Kelley asked Michael Todd to join the band, who he had worked with in an acoustic project called "Esme 9". Todd, a guitar player, started playing bass because of Shabütie. Coheed and Cambria (2000 — 2006). After Kelley left, Sanchez and the other people picked Josh Eppard, who was in the band "3", to take his place. In 2001, shortly after The Delirium Trigger EP was made, they changed their name to Coheed and Cambria and Shabütie was finished. The band was now a four piece: Claudio Sanchez, (lead vocals/guitar), Travis Stever, (backup vocals/guitar), Michael Todd, (backup vocals/bass guitar), and Josh Eppard, (drums). When playing live, Dave Parker (keyboards/guitar), sometimes plays too. Recent times (2006—). Josh Eppard could not play at Coheed and Cambria's June 9 slot at the Download Festival in the UK because he was ill. A few days later, the band canceled the Barcelona and Essen parts of their European tour. In November 2006, it was announced that both Josh Eppard and Mic Todd had left the band. A few months after, Mic Todd returned to work on the No World For Tomorrow with the band. It was announced a few days before the band embarked on Warped Tour '07 that Chris Pennie, the former drummer for Dillinger Escape Plan, is working with the band in studio. The band debuted their first single from No World For Tomorrow, The Running Free during Warped Tour '07. In July, a website registered to Sony appeared on the internet, www.noworldfortomorrow.com. This website contained a countdown. After this countdown ended, a message was released and another countdown appeared. This showed that a message would be released weekly. An archive of the messages released can be found here . On October 23, 2007 The band's forth studio album was released under the name "" It was met with positive reviews from online zines such as Rollingstone.com and Absolutepunk.net. Influences and similarities. Sanchez has said that he is influenced by bands like Pink Floyd, Led Zeppelin, Thin Lizzy, Black Sabbath, Iron Maiden, Yes and many people say that they sound like Rush. But, Claudio Sanchez has said that he never listened to the band until he heard people say that they sounded like each other. "Metal Hammer" magazine called the band the "new Led Zeppelin" on the front cover of issue 153. They also have hardcore punk influences such as Bad Brains and The Misfits. Claudio also said in an interview he learned to play guitar by listening to the Misfits' Legacy of Brutality. Discography. "Work done as Shabűtie is noted." Studio albums. The Coheed and Cambria albums are coming out out of sequence; the last album to come out will be the first part of the series. The first CD made was "The Second Stage Turbine Blade", the second part in the story, the third and fourth parts came out next. The next album has been called "Most Anticipated Album of 2007" by the "Alternative Press" magazine. The February 2007 issue of "Kerrang!" says, "Among the songs that may or may not appear on the album are 'Gravemakers And Gunslingers' and 'The Hound Of Blood And Rank.'" Also, the issue says that a release should come out in either late spring or early summer. Other Songs. A cover of Night Ranger's 'Sister Christian' was released by the band via the bands official website as an MP3 download as a Christmas present to their fans. Similarly, a cover of The Band's "I Shall Be Released" was uploaded onto the bands MySpace page as a Christmas Present to their fans in 2006. The band also used to play a cover of Iron Maiden's "The Trooper" at concerts. A song called "The Glass" was in the process of being written for the movie Spiderman 2's soundtrack, but the song was not finished in time and it was scrapped. Many Shabütie songs are circulated on the internet. Some were recorded in a studio, but others were recorded on a 4-track, resulting in poor quality audio. There is also a live bootleg on the internet of a song played by Shabütie that fans named "Nauraushaun". It was assumed that this song was one song in full, but former drummer Nate Kelley has recently told fans that the song was in fact two songs played in a medley. These two songs are "Origins" and "Life Without You". These two songs were never recorded except for the bootleg that has been circulating, although "Life Without You" was almost recorded instead of "Cassiopeia". In the end the band decided they liked "Cassiopeia" more and this was recorded instead. Music videos. A series of six vignettes that showcase music from "Good Apollo I'm Burning Star IV, Volume One: From Fear Through the Eyes of Madness" were made and are on the albums' special edition bonus DVD. Watermill A watermill is an engine that uses a water wheel or turbine to drive a mechanical process such as flour or lumber production, or metal shaping (rolling, grinding or wire drawing). A watermill that only generates electricity is more usually called a hydroelectric plant. History. China. In 31 AD, a Chinese engineer named Du Shi (Wade-Giles: Tu Shih) ""invented the first water-powered bellows. This was a complicated machine with gears, axles, and levers that was powered by a waterwheel",". This invention aided the forging of cast iron smelted from the blast furnace. More extensive descriptions appear in literature of the 5th century. Greece and Rome. The ancient Greeks and Romans used the technology. In the 1st century BC, the Greek epigrammatist "Antipater of Thessalonica" was the first to make a reference to the waterwheel. He praised it for its use in grinding grain and the reduction of human labor. The Romans used both fixed and floating water wheels and introduced water power to other countries of the Roman Empire. So-called 'Greek Mills' used water wheels with a vertically mounted shaft. A "Roman Mill" features a horizontally-mounted shaft. Greek style mills are the older and simpler of the two designs, but only operate well with high water velocities and with small diameter millstones. Roman style mills are more complicated as they require gears transmit the power from a shaft with a horizontal axis to one with a vertical axis. An example of a Roman era watermill would be the early 4th century site at Barbegal in southern France, where 16 overshot waterwheels were used to power an enormous flour mill. The Cistercian Order built huge mill complexes all over Western Europe during the medieval period. Medieval Europe. In a 2005 survey the scholar Adam Lucas identified the following first appearances of various industrial mill types in Western Europe. Noticeable is the preeminent role of France in the introduction of new innovative uses of waterpower. Operation of a watermill. Typically, water is diverted from a river or impoundment or mill pond to a turbine or water wheel, along a channel or pipe (variously known as a flume, head race, mill race, leat, leet, lade (Scots) or penstock). The force of the water's movement drives the blades of a wheel or turbine, which in turn rotates an axle that drives the mill's other machinery. Water leaving the wheel or turbine is drained through a tail race, but this channel may also be the head race of yet another wheel, turbine or mill. The passage of water is controlled by sluice gates that allow maintenance and some measure of flood control; large mill complexes may have dozens of sluices controlling complicated interconnected races that feed multiple buildings and industrial processes. Watermills can be divided into two kinds, one with a horizontal waterwheel on a vertical axle, and the other with a vertical wheel on a horizontal axle. The oldest of these were horizontal mills in which the force of the water, striking a simple paddle wheel set horizontally in line with the flow turned a runner stone balanced on the rynd which is atop a shaft leading directly up from the wheel. The bedstone does not turn. The problem with this type of mill arose from the lack of gearing; the speed of the water directly set the maximum speed of the runner stone which, in turn, set the rate of milling. Coma Coma is a medical term. It is a state of deep unconsciousness. People who are in that state cannot be woken up. They also do not react to pain or light. Coma can result from various conditions. Some of these are intoxication, poisons, damages or diseases of the nervous system. It can also be the result of certain drugs. Doctors sometimes put patients that have very bad injuries into a coma. There are different levels of coma. Comas usually do not last more than several weeks, but those several weeks could be disastrous. Sometimes only basic bodily functions are left over. Intensive hospital care is often needed to recover some of these functions. Some comas can last years, but these are usually not woken up from. The family of a coma victim (or whoever has the power of Attorney) can sign papers so that they are taken off of life support and then will die. Water wheel A water wheel is a hydropower system; a machine for extracting power from the flow of water. Water wheels and hydropower was widely used in the Middle Ages, powering most industry in Europe, along with the windmill. The most common use of the water wheel was to mill flour in gristmills, but other uses included foundry work and machining, and pounding linen for use in paper. A water wheel consists of a large wooden or metal wheel, with a number of blades or buckets arranged on the outside rim forming the driving surface. Most commonly, the wheel is mounted vertically on a horizontal axle, but the tub or Norse wheel is mounted horizontally on a vertical shaft. Vertical wheels can transmit power either through the axle or via a ring gear and typically drive belts or gears; horizontal wheels usually directly drive their load. A channel created for the water to follow after leaving the wheel is commonly referred to as a "tailrace." History. "Main article:" Watermill Greco-Roman Europe. The technology of the water wheel had long been known, but it was not put into widespread use until the Middle Ages when an acute shortage of labor made machines such as the water wheel cost effective. However, the water wheels in ancient Rome and ancient China found many practical uses in powering mills for pounding grain and other substances. The Romans used both fixed and floating water wheels and introduced water power to other countries of the Roman Empire. The Romans were known to use waterwheels extensively in mining projects, with enormous Roman-era waterwheels found in places like modern-day Spain. In the 1st century BC, the Greek epigrammatist "Antipater of Thessalonica" was the first to make a reference to the waterwheel. Ancient China. By at least the 1st century AD, the Chinese of the Eastern Han Dynasty began to use waterwheels to crush grain in mills and to power the piston-bellows in forging iron ore into cast iron. In the text known as the "Xin Lun" written by Huan Tan about 20 AD (during the usurpation of Wang Mang), it states that the legendary mythological king known as Fu Xi was the one responsible for the pestle and mortar, which evolved into the tilt-hammer and then trip hammer device (see trip hammer). Although the author speaks of the mythological Fu Xi, a passage of his writing gives hint that the waterwheel was in widespread use by the 1st century AD in China. In the year 31 AD, the engineer and Prefect of Nanyang, Du Shi, applied a complex use of the waterwheel and machinery to power the bellows of the blast furnace to create cast iron. Waterwheels in China found practical uses such as this, as well as extraordinary use. The inventor Zhang Heng (78–139) was the first in history to apply motive power in rotating the astronomical instrument of an armillary sphere, by use of a waterwheel. The mechanical engineer Ma Jun (200–265) once used a waterwheel to power and operate a large mechanical puppet theater for Emperor Ming of Wei. Medieval Europe and Modern. Cistercian monasteries, in particular, made extensive use of water wheels to power mills of many kinds. An early example of a very large waterwheel is still extant at the early 13th century Real Monasterio de Nuestra Senora de Rueda, a Cistercian monastery in the Aragon region of Spain. Grist mills (for corn) were undoubtedly the most common, but there were also sawmills, fulling mills and mills to fulfill many other labor-intensive tasks. The water wheel remained competitive with the steam engine well into the Industrial Revolution. The main difficulty of water wheels was their inseparability from water. This meant that mills often needed to be located far from population centers and away from natural resources. Water mills were still in commercial use well into the twentieth century, however. Overshot & pitchback waterwheels are suitable where there is a small stream with a height difference of more than 2 meters, often in association with a small reservoir. Breastshot and undershot wheels can be used on rivers or high volume flows with large reservoirs. The most powerful waterwheel built in the United Kingdom was the 100 hp Quarry Bank Mill Waterwheel near Manchester. A high breastshot design, it was retired in 1904 and replaced with several turbines. It has now been restored and is a museum open to the public. Modern Hydro-electric dams can be viewed as the descendants of the water wheel as they too take advantage of the movement of water downhill to turn a wheel. Favism Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (sometimes also called G6PD deficiency, or favism) is a hereditary disease. This means it is passed on through the genes from a parent to the child. It leads to a form of anaemia. There are some means to treat it, though the focus of the doctors now lies on prevention (avoiding parents passing it on to their child). As it is linked to the X chromosome, most people who suffer from it are male. Sufferers can not make the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. This will mean the circulation of sugar in their body is different. More red blood cells will be destroyed because of it. About 400 million people suffer from this condition. Very often, it can be found in regions where there is also malaria. This is because the red blood cells found in people with favism are not targeted by malaria. This condition may result from an allergy to alkaloids in Vicia faba (Faba Bean, Broad bean, Windsor bean). Hydropower Hydropower is the capture of the energy of moving water for some useful purpose. In the 1830s, at the peak of the canal-building era, hydropower was used to transport barge traffic up and down steep hills using inclined plane railroads. For direct mechanical power transmission industries that used hydropower had to be near the waterfall. For example, during the last half of the 19th century, many grist mills were built at Saint Anthony Falls, to use the 50 foot (15 metre) drop in the Mississippi River. The mills were important for the growth of Minneapolis. Today the largest use of hydropower is for electric power generation. That allows low cost energy to be used at long distances from the watercourse. Types of water power. There are many forms of water power: Hydroelectric power. "Main article: Hydroelectricity" Hydroelectric power is a means of making electricity without burning fuel. Hydroelectric power supplies about 715,000 MWe or 19% of world electricity (16% in 2003). Large dams are still being designed. Apart from a few countries with plenty of it, hydro power is normally applied to peak load demand because it is readily stopped and started. Nevertheless, hydroelectric power is probably not a major option for future energy production in the developed nations, because most major sites within these nations are either already being exploited or are unavailable for other reasons, such as environmental considerations. Hydropower produces essentially no carbon dioxide or other harmful emissions, in contrast to burning fossil fuels, and is not a significant contributor to global warming through CO2. Hydroelectric power can be far less expensive than electricity generated from fossil fuel or nuclear energy. Areas with abundant hydroelectric power attract industry. Environmental concerns about the effects of reservoirs may prohibit development of economic hydropower sources. Tidal power. Harnessing the tides in a bay or estuary has been achieved in France (since 1966), Canada and Russia, and could be achieved in other areas with a large tidal range. The trapped water turns turbines as it is released through the tidal barrage in either direction. Another possible fault is that the system would generate electricity most efficiently in bursts every six hours (once every tide). This limits how tidal energy can be used. Tidal stream power. A relatively new technology, tidal stream generators draw energy from currents in much the same way that wind generators do. The higher density of water means that a single generator can provide significant power. This technology is at the early stages of development and will need more research before it can produce any higher amount of energy. But several prototypes were tested in the UK, in France and the USA. Already in 2003 a turbine that produces 300 kW was tested in the UK. The Canadian company Blue Energy has plans for installing very large arrays tidal current devices mounted in what they call a 'tidal fence' in various locations around the world, based on a vertical axis turbine design. Wave power. Power from ocean surface wave motion might produce much more energy than tides. It has been tested that it is possible to produce energy from waves, particularly in Scotland in the UK. But there are still a lot of technical problems. A prototype shore based wave power generator is being constructed at "Port Kembla" in Australia and is expected to generate up to 500 MWh annually. Wave energy is captured by an air driven generator and converted to electricity. For countries with large coastlines and rough sea conditions, the energy of waves offers the possibility of generating electricity in utility volumes. Excess power during rough seas could be used to produce hydrogen. South Pacific South Pacific is the name for a geographical region of the world. It includes regions of the Pacific Ocean which lie south of the Equator: Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, and parts of Oceania. Guido von List Guido (von) List (born Karl Anton List; 5 October 1848 in Vienna – 17 May 1919 in Berlin) was an Austrian writer. His works were influenced very much by ideas of race. He was influenced by Arthur de Gobineau, Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, and others. He believed there was a global jewish conspiracy. He thought that the conspiracy threatened those he believed to be the Aryan race. He also believed that runes had magic power. His beliefs were not unpopular in Western Europe in the 19th century. He was an occultist. A contemporary of his was Houston Steward Chamberlain. Chambelain lived at the same time as he did. One of his successors was Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels. Franklins Franklins is a cheap supermarket company in New South Wales in Australia. At one time, it had shops in other states of Australia. The name of the shops is named after Frank Lindstrom, who started Franklins in 1941 in the city of Sydney in Australia. The shops were created in a time when other supermarkets had low prices, by keeping expenses low. It grew to cover much of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and South Australia with a reputation for low prices on groceries. It claims to be "Australia's Original Discount Grocer". Franklins was the first supermarket in Australia to have brand name products. These products are called No Frills. In fact, the company's shops only sold these products when it first came about. It started out with a few products but now they have 800 products. This ranges from bread to window cleaners. Today, a mascot of Franklins called Red Sock advertises these products. Franklins offers a wide range of products including No Frills. Franklins mostly deals in food and everyday articles. It even has Franklins brand name products like bread and meat. A wide range of people shop at Franklins to buy a wide range of articles. In some shops, people can buy their food and everyday articles at Franklins. They can then buy their fresh food outside of the store. In other stores, people can get fresh food articles as well as food and everyday articles all in the one place. Franklins even has a 'bottle shop' inside a few stores where people can get their beer and wine from. These places are both cheap and convenient to shop in. When Franklins first started, their business philosophy was like Aldi's: "No extras, no service, no music and no electronic cash - only articles at extremely low prices" or as Franklins had put it: "Strictly No Frills". Because of big competition with other "good-looking" shops, it no longer follows this philosophy. Franklins is still cheap but it has more competition from other markets, such as Aldi. Today, Franklins is owned by the Pick n Pay supermarket company from the country of South Africa. It has opened "Franklins Family Supermarkets" in 2006, independently franchise shops of both Franklins and Pick n Pay. Hannover 96 Hannover 96 is a sports club in Hanover, a city in northern Germany. The sports club was founded in 1896. Hannover 96 is famous for its football (AE: "Soccer") team that has almost always played in the first or second German football league (Except 1996-1998). Hannover 96 was German Football Champion in 1938 and 1954 and German Cup winner in 1992. The club played eight seasons in European cup competitions (24 matches). Home stadium of Hannover 96 is the HDI-Arena (capacity: 49.000). In 1963 the German national Football League, the "Fußball-Bundesliga" was founded. Hannover 96 joined the Bundesliga in 1964 and played there for the following ten years. In the 1970s and 1980s the club went down to the second league and up again several times. In the 1990s Hannover 96 played eight seasons in the second "Bundesliga" and two years in the third league, the "Regionalliga Nord" (1996-98). Since 2002, Hannover 96 is (again) a member of the first German Football league, the Bundesliga. Some famous players who have been in the team for a long time: Altin Lala Albanian national player, Steven Cherundolo, USA-national player, Robert Enke, former German national goalkeeper. The coach of the football team (August 2014) is Taifun Korkut, the club's president is Martin Kind. Former Coaches: Dieter Hecking 2009, Andreas Bergmann 2009, Peter Neururer 2006, Ewald Lienen 2005, Ralf Rangnick 2004, Horst Ehrmanntraut 2001, ... Water turbine A water turbine is a rotary engine that takes energy from moving water. Water turbines were developed in the nineteenth century and were widely used for industrial power prior to electrical grids. Now they are mostly used for electric power generation. They harness a clean and renewable energy source. History. Swirl. Water wheels have been used for thousands of years for industrial power. Their main shortcoming is size, which limits the flow rate and head that can be used. The migration from water wheels to modern turbines took about one hundred years. Development occurred during the Industrial revolution, using scientific principles and methods. They also made extensive use of new materials and manufacturing methods developed at the time. The word turbine was coined by the French engineer Claude Bourdin in the early 19th century and is derived from the Latin word for "whirling" or a "vortex". The main difference between early water turbines and water wheels is a component of the water which passes energy to a spinning rotor. This additional component of motion allowed the turbine to be smaller than a water wheel of the same power. They could process more water by spinning faster and could use much greater heads. (Later, impulse turbines were developed which did not use swirl). Time line. Ján Andrej Segner developed a reactive water turbine in the mid-1700s. It had a horizontal axis and was a precursor to modern water turbines. It is a very simple machine that is still produced today for use in small hydro sites. Segner worked with Euler on some of the early mathematical theories of turbine design. In 1820, Jean-Victor Poncelet developed an inward-flow turbine. In 1826 Benoit Fourneyron developed an outward-flow turbine. This was an efficient machine (~80%) that sent water through a runner with blades curved in one dimension. The stationary outlet also had curved guides. In 1844 Uriah A. Boyden developed an outward flow turbine that improved on the performance of the Fourneyron turbine. Its runner shape was similar to that of a Francis turbine. In 1849, James B. Francis improved the inward flow reaction turbine to over 90% efficiency. He also conducted sophisticated tests and developed engineering methods for water turbine design. The Francis turbine, named for him, is the first modern water turbine. It is still the most widely used water turbine in the world today. Inward flow water turbines have a better mechanical arrangement and all modern reaction water turbines are of this design. Also, as the swirling mass of water spins into a tighter rotation, it tries to speed up to conserve energy. This property acts on the runner, in addition to the water's falling weight and swirling motion. Water pressure decreases to zero as it passes through the turbine blades and gives up its energy. Around 1890, the modern fluid bearing was invented, now universally used to support heavy water turbine spindles. As of 2002, fluid bearings appear to have a mean time between failures of more than 1300 years. Around 1913, Victor Kaplan created the Kaplan turbine, a propeller-type machine. It was an evolution of the Francis turbine but revolutionized the ability to develop low-head hydro sites. A new concept. All common water machines until the late 19th century (including water wheels) were reaction machines; water's "pressure" head acted on the machine and produced work. A reaction turbine needs to fully contain the water during energy transfer. In 1866, California millwright Samuel Knight invented a machine that worked off a completely different concept. Inspired by the high pressure jet systems used in hydraulic mining in the gold fields, Knight developed a bucketed wheel which captured the energy of a free jet, which had converted a high head (hundreds of vertical feet in a pipe or penstock) of water to kinetic energy. This is called an impulse or tangential turbine. The water's velocity, roughly twice the velocity of the bucket periphery, does a u-turn in the bucket and drops out of the runner at 0 velocity. In 1879, Lester Pelton, experimenting with a Knight Wheel, developed a double bucket design, which exhausted the water to the side, eliminating some energy loss of the Knight wheel which exhausted some water back against the center of the wheel. In about 1895, William Doble improved on Pelton's half-cylindrical bucket form with an elliptical bucket that included a cut in it to allow the jet a cleaner bucket entry. This is the modern form of the Pelton turbine which today achieves up to 92% efficiency. Pelton had been quite an effective promoter of his design and although Doble took over the Pelton company he did not change the name to Doble because it had brand name recognition. Turgo and Crossflow turbines were later impulse designs. Theory of operation. Flowing water is directed on to the blades of a turbine runner, creating a force on the blades. Since the runner is spinning, the force acts through a distance (force acting through a distance is the definition of work). In this way, energy is transferred from the water flow to the turbine. Water turbines are divided into two groups; reaction turbines and impulse turbines. Reaction turbines. Reaction turbines are acted on by water, which changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. They must be encased to contain the water pressure (or suction), or they must be fully submerged in the water flow. Newton's Third Law of Motion describes the transfer of energy for reaction turbines. Most water turbines in use are reaction turbines. They are used in low and medium head applications. Impulse turbines. Impulse turbines change the velocity of a water jet. The jet pushes the turbine's curved blades which reverse the flow. The resulting change in momentum (impulse) causes a force on the turbine blades. Since the turbine is spinning, the force acts through a distance (work) and the diverted water flow is left with diminished energy. Prior to hitting the turbine blades, the water's pressure (potential energy) is converted to kinetic energy by a nozzle and focused on the turbine. No pressure change occurs at the turbine blades, and the turbine does not require a housing for operation. Newton's Second Law of Motion describes the transfer of energy for impulse turbines. Impulse turbines are most often used in very high head applications. Power. The power available in a stream of water is; formula_1 where: Pumped storage. Some water turbines are designed for Pumped storage hydroelectricity. They can reverse flow and operate as a pump to fill a high reservoir during off-peak electrical hours, and then revert to a turbine for power generation during peak electrical demand. This type of turbine is usually a Deriaz or Francis in design. Efficiency. Large modern water turbines operate at mechanical efficiencies greater than 90% (not to be confused with thermodynamic efficiency). Types of water turbines. Reaction turbines: Impulse turbines: Design and application. Turbine selection is based mostly on the available water head, and less so on the available flow rate. In general, impulse turbines are used for high head sites, and reaction turbines are used for low head sites. Kaplan turbines are well-adapted to wide ranges of flow or head conditions, since their peak efficiency can be achieved over a wide range of flow conditions. Small turbines (mostly under 10 MW) may have horizontal shafts, and even fairly large bulb-type turbines up to 100 MW or so may be horizontal. Very large Francis and Kaplan machines usually have vertical shafts because this makes best use of the available head, and makes installation of a generator more economical. Pelton wheels may be either vertical or horizontal shaft machines because the size of the machine is so much less than the available head. Some impulse turbines use multiple water jets per runner to increase specific speed and balance shaft thrust. Maintenance. Turbines are designed to run for decades with very little maintenance of the main elements; overhaul intervals are on the order of several years. Maintenance of the runners and parts exposed to water include removal, inspection, and repair of worn parts. Normal wear and tear is pitting from cavitation, fatigue cracking, and abrasion from suspended solids in the water. Steel elements are repaired by welding, usually with stainless steel rod. Damage areas are cut or ground out, then welding back up to their original or an improved profile. Old turbine runners may have a significant amount of stainless steel added this way by the end of their lifetime. Elaborate welding procedures may be used to achieve the highest quality repairs. Other elements requiring inspection and repair during overhauls include bearings, packing box and shaft sleeves, servomotors, cooling systems for the bearings and generator coils, seal rings, wicket gate linkage elements and all surfaces. Environmental impact. Water turbines have had both positive and negative impacts on the environment. They are one of the cleanest producers of power, replacing the burning of fossil fuels and eliminating nuclear waste. Burning fossil fuels produces smoke and ash, and toxic gases such as carbon monoxide. Nuclear waste emits dangerous radiation and is difficult to dispose of. They use a renewable energy source and are designed to operate for decades. They produce significant amounts of the world's electrical supply. Historically there have also been negative consequences. The rotating blades or gated runners of water turbines can interrupt the natural ecology of rivers, killing fish, stopping migrations, and disrupting peoples' livelihoods. For example, American Indian tribes in the Pacific Northwest had livelihoods built around salmon fishing, but aggressive dam-building destroyed their way of life. Since the late 20th century, it has been possible to construct hydropower systems that divert fish and other organisms away from turbine intakes without significant damage or loss of power; such systems require less cleaning but are substantially more expensive to construct. In the United States, it is now illegal to block the migration of fish so fish ladders must be provided by dam builders. AWD-Arena The HDI-Arena is a football stadium in Hanover, a city in north Germany. It is the home stadium of the football club Hannover 96. The HDI-Arena was built from 1952 to 1954 and called "Niedersachsenstadion" (stadium of lower Saxony) and later "AWD-Arena". Lower Saxony is a German federal state and Hanover is its capital. Originally the Niedersachsenstadium was large enough to hold about 80.000 people. It was changed for international football championships in 1974 and 1988, especially changing standing room into seats. In 2003, it became changed to be used only for football and the name was sold to the German company of AWD. Today it can hold 49.000 people. In 2006, the Football World Championships were played there. Renewable energy Renewable energy comes from renewable resources. It is different from fossil fuels as it does not produce as many greenhouse gases and other pollutants as fossil fuel combustion. People have used traditional wind power, hydropower, biofuel, and solar energy for many centuries, all around the world. The mass production of electricity using renewable energy sources is now becoming more common. Growth of renewables. From the end of 2004, worldwide renewable energy capacity grew at rates of 10–60% annually for many technologies. For wind power and many other renewable technologies, growth sped up in 2009 relative to the previous four years. More wind power was added during 2009 than any other renewable technology. However, grid-connected PV increased the fastest of all renewables technologies, with a 60% annual average growth rate. Projections vary, but scientists have advanced a plan to power 100% of the world's energy with wind, hydroelectric, and solar power by the year 2030. Wind power market grows. Wind power capacity has expanded quickly to 743 GW in 2020, and wind energy production was about 5% of total worldwide electricity usage, and growing fast. Wind power is widely used in European countries, and more recently in the United States and Asia. Wind power accounts for approximately 19% of electricity generation in Denmark, 11% in Spain and Portugal, and 9% in the Republic of Ireland. These are some of the largest wind farms in the world, as of January 2010: A wind farm is a group of wind turbines in the same location used for production of electricity. A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual wind turbines distributed over an extended area, but the land between the turbines may be used for agricultural or other purposes. A wind farm may also be located offshore. World's largest PV power plants. Solar photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity and many solar photovoltaic power stations have been built, mainly in Europe. As of December 2010, the largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants in the world are the Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant (Canada, 97 MW), Montalto di Castro Photovoltaic Power Station (Italy, 84.2 MW), Finsterwalde Solar Park (Germany, 80.7 MW), Rovigo Photovoltaic Power Plant (Italy, 70 MW), Olmedilla Photovoltaic Park (Spain, 60 MW), the Strasskirchen Solar Park (Germany, 54 MW), and the Lieberose Photovoltaic Park (Germany, 53 MW). Larger power stations are under construction, some proposed will have a capacity of 150 MW or more. Solar is one of the fastest-growing renewable energy sources in the world. Solar energy capacity has increased by approximately 60% since 2013, rising to 485.82GW in 2018. The ten largest solar power plants in the world (based on installed capacity in 2020). Many of these plants are integrated with agriculture and some use innovative tracking systems that follow the sun's daily path across the sky to generate more electricity than conventional fixed-mounted systems. There are no fuel costs or emissions during operation of the power stations. New generation of solar thermal plants. Large solar thermal power stations include the 354 megawatt (MW) Solar Energy Generating Systems power installation in the USA, Solnova Solar Power Station (Spain, 150 MW), Andasol solar power station (Spain, 100 MW), Nevada Solar One (USA, 64 MW), PS20 solar power tower (Spain, 20 MW), and the PS10 solar power tower (Spain, 11 MW). The 370 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, located in California's Mojave Desert, is the world’s largest solar thermal power plant project currently under construction. The solar thermal power industry is growing fast with 1.2 GW under construction as of April 2009 and another 13.9 GW announced globally through 2014. Spain is the epicenter of solar thermal power development with 22 projects for 1,037 MW under construction, all of which are projected to come online by the end of 2010. In the United States, 5,600 MW of solar thermal power projects have been announced. In developing countries, three World Bank projects for integrated solar thermal/combined-cycle gas-turbine power plants in Egypt, Mexico, and Morocco have been approved. Variable renewable energy. Variable renewable energy is a renewable energy source that is non-dispatchable due to its fluctuating nature, like wind power and solar power, as opposed to a controllable renewable energy source such as hydroelectricity, or biomass, or a relatively constant source such as geothermal power or run-of-the-river hydroelectricity. Critics of wind and solar power warn of their variable output, but many studies have shown that the grid can cope, and it is doing so in Denmark and Spain. The International Energy Agency says that there has been too much focus on issue of the variability. Its significance depends on a range of factors which include the market penetration of the renewables concerned, the balance of plant, and the wider connectivity of the system, as well as demand side flexibility. Variability will rarely be a barrier to increased renewable energy deployment. But at high levels of market penetration it requires careful analysis and management. Ethanol for transportation. Brazil has one of the largest renewable energy programs in the world, involving production of ethanol fuel from sugar cane, and ethanol now provides 18 percent of the country's automotive fuel. As a result, Brazil, which years ago had to import a large share of the petroleum needed for domestic consumption, recently reached complete self-sufficiency in oil. Most cars on the road today in the U.S. can run on blends of up to 10% ethanol, and motor vehicle manufacturers already produce vehicles designed to run on much higher ethanol blends. Ford, DaimlerChrysler, and General Motors Corporation are among the automobile companies that sell "flexible-fuel" cars, trucks, and minivans that can use gasoline and ethanol blends ranging from pure gasoline up to 85% ethanol (E85). By mid-2006, there were approximately six million E85-compatible vehicles on U.S. roads. Aral Sea The Aral Sea ( (Aral tengizi), , ) was a lake in Central Asia. It is between Kazakhstan in the north and Karakalpakstan, an autonomous region of Uzbekistan, in the south. Since the 1960s, the Aral Sea shrank. 90% of the sea has gone. The rivers that fed it (the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya) were used by the Soviet Union for irrigating cotton production. What is left of the Aral Sea is heavily polluted, largely as the result of weapons testing, industrial projects, and fertilizer runoff before and after the breakup of the Soviet Union. There is a project to save at least the northern part of the Aral Sea. For this, a dam was built in the 1990 to stop water running off. Climate improved in the following years, and water levels rose again. However, that dam broke, and was rebuilt in 2005, with international funding. Another problem was that the Island of Rebirth had been used for the testing of biological weapons until 1993. It is currently contaminated with anthrax, the plague, and tularemia. Since 2001, it is no longer an island, but a peninsula. Radiation In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium. This includes: Radiation may also refer to the energy, waves, or particles being radiated. Originally, radiation waves do not contain particles as they are transferred to Earth by the Sun for example. Electromagnetic radiation. Many people are already familiar with electromagnetic radiation (EMR), including light. The electromagnetic spectrum shows the types of radiation according to their wavelength and frequency. Some kinds are: Danger from radiation. Ionizing radiation is radiation that carries enough energy to free electrons from atoms or molecules. Only certain types of radiation are harmful to humans. For example, ultraviolet radiation can give people sunburns. X-rays and gamma rays can make a person sick, or even die, depending on the dose they get. Some types of particle radiation can also make people sick and lead to burns. If radiation does not carry high enough levels of energy, though, then these changes will not happen when something is hit by the radiation. This is referred to as non-ionizing radiation, which is not as dangerous. One can distinguish between various types of radiation by looking at the source of the radiation, its wavelength (if the radiation is electromagnetic), the amount of energy being carried, any particles involved, etc. Radioactive material is a material which emits radiation. Uranium and plutonium are examples of radioactive materials. The atoms they are made of tend to fall apart and give off different kinds of radiation, like gamma rays and lots of particle radiation. Ionizing radiation by type. Ionizing radiation can kill living things. It can cause genetic mutations, as shown by H.J. Muller. It can destroy cells in the body which divide, and thus indirectly kill a person. Non-ionizing radiation Non-ionizing radiation (or, esp. in British English, non-ionising radiation) means any type of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules - that is, completely remove an electron from an atom or molecule. The composition of this radiation can vary depending on what may be ionized. Visible light, near ultraviolet, infrared, microwave and radio waves are all examples of non-ionizing radiation, though visible and near ultraviolet can also ionize some molecules. The light from the Sun that reaches the earth is largely composed of non-ionizing radiation, with the notable exception of some ultraviolet rays. However, most ionizing radiation is filtered out by the atmosphere. Electromagnetic spectrum The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation can be divided into octaves — as sound waves are — adding up to eighty-one octaves. Physicists have studied electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from thousands of kilometres down to fractions of the size of an atom. It is commonly said that EM waves beyond these limits are uncommon, although this is not known to be true. The short wavelength limit is likely to be the Planck length, and the long-wavelength limit is the size of the universe itself, though in principle the spectrum is infinite. Radiation of shorter wavelength than about 30 μm is commonly detected by its ability to exceed the ionization energy of atoms. Radiation of longer than 3mm is commonly detected by its ability to induce electrical currents. Radiation between these limits was little used until the 21st century because of the difficulty of detecting it. Spectra of objects. Nearly all objects in the universe emit, reflect or transmit some light. (Black holes do not.) The distribution of this light along the electromagnetic spectrum (called the "spectrum" of the object) is determined by what the object is made of. Several types of spectra can be distinguished depending upon the nature of the radiation coming from an object. Spectroscopy is the branch of physics that observes matter by its emitted or reflected spectra. Spectrum (disambiguation) A spectrum is a condition or value that is not limited to a specific set of values but can vary infinitely within a continuum. Spectrum may refer more specifically to: Continuum A Continuum is a continuous series where all parts are very similar to their nearest neighbour, but the ends or extremes of it are different from each other. This describes something that changes gradually (little by little) from one condition, to a different condition, but without any sudden changes or discontinuities. The difference between a continuum, and something with very different changes that can be measured, is important for all continuum theories. Continuum may also refer to: Revenge (album) Revenge is a studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on May 14, 1992. Continuum (theory) A continuum is when a change happens over time or an area without being interrupted. Space-time is when space and time are said to be part of the same continuum instead of two different continuums. A dialect continuum is a group of language dialects that change over an area. In a dialect continuum, two dialects are more different when they are farther away from each other. Joseph Goebbels Paul Joseph Goebbels (German pronunciation: , often called "Dr. Goebbels"; 29 October 1897 in Mönchengladbach – 1 May 1945 in Berlin) was a German politician and the minister of propaganda during the Nazi regime. He studied literature and philosophy at the Heidelberg university. He was a close friend of Adolf Hitler. Goebbels stayed with Hitler in the Führerbunker until Hitler's suicide on 30 April 1945. After Hitler's death, Goebbels was chancellor of Germany for one day, before he and his wife Magda Goebbels killed themselves. Just before she died, Magda killed their six children with poison. Early life. Joseph Goebbels was born as "Paul Joseph Goebbels" in Mönchengladbach on 29 October 1897. His father, Friedrich Goebbels, was a bookkeeper and his mother was Maria Goebbels (born Oldenhausen). He was the third child of the family and grew up with five siblings. Due to an illness in his childhood in 1901, Goebbels' right foot was malformed and he was . He went to a Roman Catholic school in Rheydt in 1908. In 1914, Goebbels went to high school in Rheydt. When the First World War started in August 1914, he volunteered to be part of the Army. This was refused because of his limp. Goebbels took his Abitur (school exams) in 1917. He was the best in his class. He gave a speech at the end of the school year. However, his headteacher said, that he would not become a good speaker. Later, in 1917, Goebbels studied ancient philology, history and German philology at the University of Bonn. He received his PhD in Drama from the Heidelberg university in 1921. In 1923, Goebbels worked for the Deutsche Bank. Involvement in the Nazi Party. Goebbels joined the National Socialist German Workers' Party in 1926. In the same year, Hitler made him a Gauleiter for Berlin and Brandenburg. In 1927, Goebbels published the first Nazi newspaper, "Der Angriff" ("The Attack"), in Berlin. The newspaper was printed twice a week. In 1928, he became a member of the German Reichstag. He kept this position until 1945. In 1929, Goebbels saw his first movie with sound, "The Singing Fool". He said it would be the future of propaganda. In 1930, he became the "Reichspropagandaleiter" ("Chief of the German Propaganda") and the deputy of Heinrich Himmler. Goebbels married Magda Quand in 1931. Franz Ritter von Epp and Adolf Hitler were the witnesses at the wedding. When Hitler became Chancellor in 1933, Goebbels became the Reich Minister for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. The Nazi regime. Pre-World War time. In 1934, Goebbels moved to a villa near Berlin. On 30 June 1934, he saw the arrest of Ernst Röhm in Bad Wiessee. Goebbels gave the order to confiscate about 650 art exhibits in 1937. He put them on display in show called "Degenerate Art". On 9 November 1938, a German diplomat was killed in France by a Jewish teenager. Because of this murder, Goebbels gave the order to the SS for what is now called Kristallnacht. Second World War. At the start of the Second World War, Goebbels ordered to broadcast special announcements at the cinema and on the radio. On 26 May 1940, he published the new weekly newspaper "Das Reich" ("The Imperium") for the first time. In 1942, Goebbels took part in the Wannsee Conference. He was one of the Nazi leaders who planned the Final Solution to kill all the Jewish people. In 1943, he gave a well known speech in the Berlin Sportpalast where he called the Germans to support total war. The coup on 20 July 1944 failed, because of Goebbels' quick thinking. He broadcast on radio that the coup had failed, before the plan of Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg could succeed. On 22 April 1945, two days after Adolf Hitler's birthday, he arrived in the Führerbunker in Berlin. He was one of the witnesses to the marriage of Hitler to Eva Braun. On the same day, he took over the leadership from Hitler. After Hitler's suicide on 30 April, he became the Chancellor of Germany. He only held this job for one day, because on 1 May 1945, his wife poisoned their six children with the help of an SS doctor. Immediately afterward he and his wife went up to the garden of the Chancellery, where they killed themselves. The details of their suicides are uncertain. After the war, Rear-Admiral Michael Musmanno, a U.S. naval officer and judge, published several accounts apparently based on eye-witness testimony: According to one account. "While Schwägermann was preparing the petrol, he heard a shot. Goebbels had shot himself and his wife took poison. Schwägermann ordered one of the soldiers to shoot Goebbels again because he was unable to do it himself." One SS officer said they each took cyanide and ordered an SS trooper to shoot them both. According to another account, Goebbels shot his wife and then himself. Carl Maria von Weber Carl Maria von Weber (born Eutin, Holstein, baptised 20 November 1786; died 5 June, 1826 in London), was one of the most important German composers of the early Romantic period. He wrote many operas, of which "Der Freischütz", "Euryanthe" and "Oberon" are especially famous. He wrote instrumental music, especially for the clarinet, and wrote very well for orchestra. Early life. Weber was the eldest of the three children of Franz Anton von Weber. The word “von” in front of a German surname normally means that the family had noble ancestry, but the Weber family do not appear to be of noble blood. Weber was never a strong, healthy child. He had a damaged hip-bone and always walked with a limp. His father worked in the theatre, and the family often moved from one town to another. This was difficult for his education. His mother was called Rosa, she influenced him to go to military school at the age of 20, but his love for music meant that he would go to Cranbrook in Germany. His daughter Laurel was well known for playing the viola in many Orchestras. Weber’s mother died of tuberculosis when he was eleven. Later that year Weber went to Salzburg, to study with Michael Haydn (the brother of the famous Joseph Haydn), and later to Munich. He started to publish some piano music, and even composed an opera. When he was 14 the family moved to Freiberg in Saxony. He had an opera performed there, and he started to write articles as a critic in a Leipzig newspaper. In 1801 the family went back to Salzburg and Weber had more lessons from Michael Haydn. He also studied in Vienna with a famous musician called Abbé Vogler. Through him he got to know another of his pupils, Giacomo Meyerbeer, who became a famous composer and was a close friend of Weber. Success. Vogler thought Weber was very talented, and helped him to get a job in Breslau. Weber had lots of good ideas about how to improve the music there: by changing the way that the orchestra sat, having more rehearsal time, not playing bad pieces of music, and pensioning off old singers. A lot of people there did not like these ideas and made life difficult for him. One night he absent-mindedly drank from a wine bottle. The bottle had engraving-acid inside, and it made him ill for two months. He was never able to sing again. When he tried to go back to work all the good changes he had made had been undone, so he resigned. He had a job in Karlsruhe for a short time, then went briefly back to Breslau, but because he owed people money there he disappeared and got a job in Stuttgart. His lifestyle was rather wild, and he even got arrested once for debt and fraud. However, he continued to become well known as a composer and wrote a lot of instrumental and religious music. He spent some time in several large cities including Prague and Berlin. In Dresden he worked hard to make German Opera a success (most operas were still Italian in those days). Weber was not well. He was suffering from tuberculosis, but needed money to support his family. So when he was invited to go to London to compose and produce his opera "Oberon" he accepted the offer. He had already been having English lessons and learned to speak the language quite well. In 1826 he travelled to England where he finished composing "Oberon" and conducted its first performance on 12 April. He stayed on in England to earn some more money. He was looking forward to going home, but on 5 June, the night before he was due to go back to Germany, he died. He was buried in London. 18 years later Richard Wagner arranged for Weber’s body to be brought back to Germany to be buried in Dresden. Weber left an opera "Die Drei Pintos" ('The Three Pintos') unfinished. Meyerbeer was going to finish it, but in the end it was Gustav Mahler who finished it and conducted the first performance of the completed work in Leipzig in 1888. His music. Weber was not only a great composer, but a very skilled pianist and conductor. He wrote a very large number of works including cantatas and songs, but most of these are not often heard today. One of his most popular works is called "Invitation to the Dance". It was written for piano, but later Hector Berlioz arranged it for orchestra and this is how it is often heard nowadays. Weber wrote two Concertos for clarinet and orchestra and also a Concertino (a small concerto in one movement). Another one-movement concerto was the "Konzertstück in F minor" for piano and orchestra. His opera "Der Freischütz " is probably his best work, and the overture is often heard separately as a concert piece. The story of the opera is full of magic. It is written in German and has some spoken words as well as sung music (this kind of opera was called a Singspiel). This opera in particular influenced Richard Wagner who developed German opera in the 19th century. Alive III Alive III is a live album by the American hard rock and heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on May 18, 1993. Ter Hachatrjan Ter Hachatrjan () is the name of a Russian noble family during the 18th century. History. Ter Hachatrjan. Duke Aleksandr Ter Hachatrjan (around 1870–1917) was born as an Armenian aristocrat. He also belonged to the Russian nobility. He married a Greek duchess named Sofia. They had two sons together: Duke Anton Aleksandrovich (around 1891–1950) and Duke Bagrat Aleksandrovich (1892–1981). During the revolution in Petrograd in 1917, Duke Aleksandr and his wife were killed by the Bolsheviks. Their two sons then escaped from Petrograd and went to the Caucasus. Bagrat was separated from his brother Anton. Anton later appeared in the city Rostov on Don. He married Barinova Elena Aleksandrovna. They had no children. Bagrat got married to Elizaveta Danilovna in 1923. They had a daughter and a son together: Emma Bagratovna (1924–2005) and Yuri Bagratovich. Bagrat divorced Elizaveta in 1927. In the year 1932, Bagrat married Petrachuk Olga Alekseevna, the daughter of merchant from Ukraine. They had two daughters together: Amalia Bagratovn (born 1933) and Inessa Bagratovna (born 1936). Bagrat was an officer in the Imperial Army. He was awarded the Military Order of the Saint Grand Martyr and the Triumphant George. It was one of the highest awards of the Russian Empire. The Ter Hachatrjan family fell under the repression of NKVD in 1937. They were arrested and placed in jail in the city of Goris. Bagrat Aleksandrovich was accused of taking part in the execution of 26 Baku Commissars. As was the case with all noble families, Duke Bagrat was found guilty of treason and was declared an enemy of the Soviet State. Under the pressure of the government, Duke Bagrat had to stop using his title and rid himself of all his possessions that were brought from Petrograd. The family were then given amnesty. After, that Bagrat Aleksandrovich worked as a director and actor of movies in Armenia. He died in Kafan in 1981. Amalia Bagratovna married Saidoff N. S., a rich man from Baku. They had two children together: Saidoff A. N. (born 1961) and Saidoff S. C. N. (born 1963). Since this time, all the descendents of the Ter Hachatrjan family are named as Saidoff–Ter Hachatrjan. Ter-Khachatryants from Mush. Ter-Khachatryan or Ter-Khachatryants is an Armenian family, known from the XVIII century. First well-known representative of this family - Daniel-Bek of Sassun Ter Khachatryan or Ter Khachatryan (born in province Sassun or Sason of Western Armenia) about 1785 - died in (town Mush of Western Armenia), in 1829). He was originally an Armenian nobleman, descendant of South or Sout-West branch, i.e. Tarawn-Aldznik branch of Bagratouni or Bagratids dynasty (Actually son of the Armenian priest of Khachatur and, who was a descendant of the Armenian princely dynasty Bagratid, the south or south-west branch of them in 13-14 centuries saved shallow possessions in the district of Sassun or Sason of Western Armenia and province of Aldznik, as well as in the district of Mush in the province of Tarawn of Western Armenia). As a result of the hard oppressions of Kurd feudal lords, Daniel-Bek of Sassun transmigrated from Sason to the town Mush, where his family had a house in the Armenian quarter of Berd, near the church Saint Marineh. The eldest son of Daniel-Bek of Sassun, Avdal bek Ter-Khachatryants (1805-1867) also lived in Mush. The son of Avdal bek Ter-Khachatryants and grandson of Daniel-Bek of Sassun was Jakob bek (Hakob bek) Ter-Khachatryants. The son of Jakob bek (Hakob bek) Ter-Khachatryants was Khachatur-Bek of Mush (the town Mush of Western Armenia), who lived in the first half of the 19th century. Khachar and Garegin Khachatryan, both prominent Armenian artists and ideologists of Armenian liberation movement, were descendents of his House. Turbine A turbine is an engine that turns fluid movement into energy. This energy can be changed to make electricity with a generator. A turbine is a turbomachine with normally 1 moving part called a rotor assembly ("a shaft or drum with blades attached") Moving fluid, normally water, moves the blades so that they transfer energy to the rotor. Some early turbine examples include windmills and waterwheels. A casing can be placed around the turbine to control the movement of the fluid. Credit for the invention of the steam turbine is given both to Anglo-Irish engineer Sir Charles Parsons (1854 - 1931) for invention of the reaction turbine(turbines that utilize water pressure and water speed to rotate), and to the Swedish engineer Gustaf de Laval (1845-1913) for invention of the impulse turbine. Modern steam turbines normally utilize both the reaction and impulse turbine in one system. Rotor Rotor (rotating part) may mean: In engineering: In computing: In music: In other fields: Jet JET, Jet or Jets all have many meanings. Some of them are: Electric power Electric power is defined as the power dissipated by an electric circuit. Electric power is a measurement of the rate at which energy is used over a period of time. The SI unit for power is the watt, the unit for energy is the joule, and the unit for time is the second. For a direct current circuit, electric power equals the electric current multiplied by the voltage. When electric current flows through a circuit, it is slowed down by the resistance in the circuit. Devices can convert this current to useful forms of work, such as heat radiation, light emission, mechanical motion, or acoustic vibrations. Kiss Unplugged Kiss Unplugged is an album of the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss's performance on MTV Unplugged on August 8, 1995. The album was released on March 12, 1996. Head (hydraulic) Hydraulic head is a specific measurement of water pressure or total energy per unit weight above a datum. It is usually measured as a water surface elevation, expressed in units of length, but represents the energy at the entrance (or bottom) of a piezometer. In an aquifer, it can be calculated from the depth to water in a piezometric well (a specialized water well), and given information of the piezometer's elevation and screen depth. Atmospheric pressure. Even though it is conventional to use gauge pressure in the calculation of hydraulic head, it is more correct to use total pressure (gauge pressure + atmospheric pressure), since this is truly what drives groundwater flow. Often detailed observations of barometric pressure are not available at each well through time, so this is often disregarded (contributing to large errors at locations where hydraulic gradients are low or the angle between wells is acute.) Analogs to other fields. Hydraulic head is a measure of energy, and has many analogs in physics and chemistry, where the same mathematical principles and rules apply: Susan Brownmiller Susan Brownmiller (born February 15, 1935) is an American radical feminist, journalist and activist. She is best known for her pioneering work on the politics of rape in "Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape" (1975). Brownmiller says that rape has been defined by men rather than women until now. Men use rape as a means of continuing male dominance by keeping all women in a state of fear. All men benefit from this. Brownmiller also participated in civil rights activism. She joined CORE during the sit-in movement and volunteered for Freedom Summer in 1964. She first became involved in the Women's Liberation Movement in New York City in 1968. There she joined a consciousness-raising group in the newly formed New York Radical Women organization. Brownmiller went on to co-ordinate a sit-in against Ladies' Home Journal in 1970, began work on "Against Our Will" after a New York Radical Feminists speak-out on rape in 1971, and co-founded Women Against Pornography in 1979. She continues to write and speak on feminist issues, including a recent memoir and history of Second Wave radical feminism, "In Our Time: Memoir of a Revolution" (1999). As of 2005, she is an Adjunct Professor of Women's & Gender Studies at Pace University in New York City, Erich Fromm Erich Seligmann Fromm (23 March 1900 in Frankfurt – 18 March 1980 in Muralto) was a German-American social psychologist, psychoanalyst, and humanistic philosopher. He was part of what became known as the Frankfurt School of critical theory. He taught at several universities. Fromm was born in a family of Rabbis. Because of his Jewish background Fromm fled from Nazi Germany in 1934 and settled into the United States. After the war he moved to Mexico. The last years of his life he lived in the Swiss Alps. He died 1980 in Muralto. One of his famous works is "Haben oder Sein" ("To Have or to Be?") from the year 1974, in this book he critices many aspects in the western society like the pursuit of wealth. François Adrien Boieldieu François Adrien Boieldieu (December 16, 1775 – October 8, 1834) was a French composer. He mainly wrote operas. Red Hot Riding Hood Red Hot Riding Hood is a movie made by Tex Avery. It is a short cartoon. It was made in 1943. In 1990, the public voted it to be one of the best animated movies of all time. Turkish Van The Turkish Van is a breed of cat that comes from Turkey. It has lived in the Lake Van area of Turkey for hundreds of years. This is why it is named the Turkish Van. This part of Turkey is in very high mountains and has long, cold winters. But the summers are hot. This cat got used to this climate over time by its body changing. It now has a thick, full fur coat in the winter, but sheds in the summer and becomes a short-haired cat. The Turkish Van swims in the summer to cool itself off and the thin summer coat dries quickly. Eye colours. A Turkish Van may have blue eyes, amber eyes, or eyes with two different colors. Turkish Angora The Turkish Angora is a cat from Turkey. It has long white fur. It is like the Turkish Van cat, but its fur is different. Work (physics) In physics, work is what force does. When a force is applied on an object for a certain amount of time, the work done by the force is defined as the magnitude of the force (its strength) times the displacement of the object from its initial position to its current position (shortest distance between point A and B), times the cosine of the angle between the direction of the force and the actual direction of the displacement of the object. This can be represented by: formula_1 In this formula, work is "W", the force's magnitude is "F", the displacement is "s", and the angle's cosine is "cos θ". In most circumstances, the last factor (the cosine of the angle) is equal to one because the direction of the force is usually the same direction of the displacement. But in circumstances like pushing a heavy box at an angle not parallel to the ground (let's say pushing it at 20° towards the ground), the direction of the force is not the same as the direction of the displacement. In this example, because of the angle of the applied force, the force is doing less work because it is not as efficient as pushing the box at an angle parallel to the ground. The more the direction of the displacement gets perpendicular (90°) to the direction of the force, the more the work approaches zero. If the angle is greater than 90°, that indicates the object is overall moving in a backwards direction from what the force intends to do; the force has negative work. One useful example is a scenario of a group of people playing tug of war. The team that is slowly getting pulled into the middle is exerting a force away from the middle, but despite the best efforts of their forces, there is negative work because the direction of their displacement is in the opposite direction. Holding a heavy book against its weight produces a force, but if the object is stationary in the air, no work is done. If the object slowly moves upwards, work is positive, but if instead it's slowly descending despite the force's exertion on it, the force has negative work. We can also look at this from the perspective of the force that is trying to move the book downwards, its weight. The work of the weight on a book being lifted is negative. This is because the downward weight is in the opposite direction to the upward displacement. Work is considered "done" when it is positive. It is the force that does the work, not the agent that created the force. Motion is a requirement of work. Like energy, it is a scalar quantity, and its SI unit is the joule. Heat conduction is not considered to be a form of work, since there is no macroscopically measurable force, only microscopic forces occurring in atomic collisions. The term "work" was created in the 1830s by the French mathematician Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis. According to the work-energy theorem, if an external force acts upon a rigid object, causing its kinetic energy to change from "Ek1" to "Ek2", then the mechanical work ("W") is given by: where "m" is the mass of the object and "v" is the object's velocity. Psycho Circus Psycho Circus is the eighteenth studio album by the American hard rock/heavy metal band Kiss. It was released on September 22, 1998. Biological warfare Biological warfare (or germ warfare) is when pathogens are used as a weapon. This is called a biological weapon. Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause disease. If non-living things (like toxins) are used, this is called chemical warfare. Biological warfare has been used throughout history. The first form of biological warfare may have been when the plague hit the Mongols. During battle, they were said to have thrown plague victims' bodies at their enemies. Before the 20th century, it took some of the following forms: During the Second Sino-Japanese War, biological weapons were used by the Japanese army against China. The Japanese army usually launched contaminated fleas or food from planes. Today, pathogens for diseases like anthrax or smallpox could be used as agents for biological weapons. The production, and stockpiling of such weapons was forbidden in the Biological Weapons Convention of 1972. Frankfurt Stock Exchange The Frankfurt Stock Exchange ("in German Börse Frankfurt") is a stock exchange in Frankfurt, Hesse. It is the biggest stock exchange in Germany by the amount of money exchanged and the number of companies. General-purpose programming language A general-purpose programming language is a way to tell a computer what to do that makes a user's job easy and quick without much confusion. It is not restricted to only one field (e.g. HTML). They can be used for many different things. One example is BASIC, invented by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz in 1963. Bikini A bikini is a type of swimsuit for women. It consists of two parts; pants and a bra top, leaving an uncovered area between the two. The bikini is an ancient invention, reinvented after the Second World War. The bikini is perhaps the most popular female beachwear around the globe. By the mid 2000s bikinis had become a US$811 million business annually, according to the NPD Group, a consumer and retail information company. The bikini has boosted spin-off services like bikini waxing and the sun tanning industries. History. Predecessors of the bikini date back to antiquity, in Çatalhöyük and the Greco-Roman world. Artwork dating back to the Diocletian period (286-305 AD) in Villa Romana del Casale, Sicily depicts women in garments resembling bikinis in mosaics on the floor. The images of ten women, dubbed the "Bikini Girls", exercising in clothing that would pass as bikinis today, are the most replicated mosaic among the 37 million colored tiles at the site. Archeological finds, especially in Pompeii, show the Roman goddess Venus wearing a bikini. A statue of Venus in a bikini was found in a cupboard in the southwest corner in Casa della Venere; others were found in the front hall. By the early 1940s two-piece swimsuits were frequent on American beaches. Hollywood stars like Ava Gardner, Rita Hayworth and Lana Turner tried similar swimwear or beachwear. The modern bikini was introduced by French engineer Louis Réard and fashion designer Jacques Heim in Paris in 1946. Réard was a car engineer but by 1946 he was running his mother's lingerie boutique near Les Folies Bergères in Paris. Heim was working on a new kind of beach costume. It comprised two pieces, the bottom large enough to cover its wearer's navel. Réard named his swimsuit the "bikini", taking the name from the Bikini atoll, one of a series of islands in the South Pacific where testing on the new atomic bomb was occurring that summer. He promoted it with the slogan "le bikini, la première bombe an-atomique". This is a play on words: "anatomique" means "relating to anatomy". Réard could not find a model to wear his design. He ended up hiring Micheline Bernardini, a nude dancer from the "Casino de Paris". That bikini, with a g-string back, had of cloth with newspaper type printed across. It introduced on July 5 at Piscine Molitor, a public pool in Paris. Heim's design was the first worn on the beach, but the clothing was given its name by Réard. The bikini became increasingly popular throughout the 1960s and 70s. High Voltage (1976 album) High Voltage is the debut studio album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC. It was released in Australia on 17 February, 1975. Track listing. All songs were written by Angus Young, Malcolm Young, and Bon Scott, except where noted. Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap is a studio album by the Australian hard rock band AC/DC. It was released in November 1976 in Europe and delayed for release in USA until 1981. Iron oxide Iron oxides are chemical compounds. There are sixteen known iron oxides. Iron oxides are used in pigments. It is used in both man-made and natural pigments. Venetian red (haematite), Magnetite (Fe3O4), or a mixture of oxides make black or purple pigments. The umber, sienna and ochre are oxides or hydrated oxides of a yellow to chestnut colour. Most iron oxide is mined as iron ore. Every year millions of tons go into blast furnaces to make iron. Jimi Hendrix James Marshall Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix; November 27, 1942 – September 18, 1970), was an American guitarist, singer and songwriter. Hendrix was a major influence on other rock and roll musicians. Initially gaining recognition in England, Hendrix became famous throughout the world after appearances at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967, at which he purposely set his guitar on fire, and Woodstock Festival. A self-taught musician, unable to read or write music notation, he famously played a right-handed Fender Stratocaster guitar turned over and restrung to play left-handed. Jimi Hendrix was named "Greatest Guitarist of all Time" by "Rolling Stone" magazine in 2003. Early life. Jimi Hendrix was born in Seattle on November 27, 1942. He was called Johnny Allen Hendrix when he was born. Later, his dad named him James Marshall Hendrix when he returned from the military. He grew up without much money or attention; his parents divorced when he was nine years old, and his mother died when he was 16. At about the age of 14, Hendrix found his first guitar. It was a broken broomstick with one string that had been thrown away by another boy. He still managed to play several tunes on it. Soon after, at around 15, he managed to buy a proper acoustic guitar for $5 from a friend of his father. His first electric guitar was a white Supro Ozark that his father, Al Hendrix, had bought him. He did not have lessons and learned basic tunes and improvisation from watching Chuck Berry and Elvis Presley play live. He played without an amplifier. School. Hendrix finished middle school but did not graduate from his high school, Garfield High School. Hendrix told some reporters in the late 1960s that he had failed because people were racist there, and did not like him because he was black. Others claim it was just because he could not get good enough grades and was unorganized. Hendrix later told the reporters that he was thrown out for being rude to a teacher. Early inspirations. When Hendrix was young, he was a fan of Elvis Presley. He went to see Presley play at Sick’s Stadium on September 1, 1957, and he drew a color picture of him holding an acoustic guitar. The original drawing can be seen in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio. Even as an adult, he still loved Presley. He went to a see a Presley movie, King Creole, in Paris in late 1968, to give him inspiration to write songs. He also liked famous blues musicians such as Muddy Waters, Bo Diddley and Lightning Hopkins; and he played in the band of R&B star Little Richard. However, Hendrix and Richard did not get along. Richard did not like Hendrix's clothes, his being late and him showing off on stage. The army. After getting in trouble for stealing cars twice, Hendrix had to choose between going to prison for two years or joining the U.S. Army. Hendrix chose the army and on May 31, 1961 was sent to Fort Campbell, Kentucky. While in the army, his officers said that he was often caught sleeping on duty and needed to be watched at all times. He could not use a gun well and an officer said that "his mind apparently cannot function [cannot work properly] while performing duties and thinking about his guitar". However, his time in the army was important for Hendrix, because it was there that he met another soldier and bass guitar player called Billy Cox. They would later play together in a small group called The King Kasuals. On May 31, 1962 Hendrix’s officers thought it would be best for him to leave the army because he caused too much trouble. Hendrix agreed, and he left after only a year of service. Hendrix later said he had been let go from the army after breaking his ankle when he was landing his 26th parachute jump. He also spoke about his time in the army in interviews for a magazine, "Melody Maker", in 1967 and 1969. He said that he did not like serving the army and did not agree with their ways of doing things. When he was interviewed in America, Hendrix never talked about his time in the army. When it was brought up in a television interview, Hendrix only said that he had been based at Fort Campbell. Later life. Hendrix's left-handed playing on a guitar made for right-handed people made him popular. His first proper concert was with a small band without a name, playing in a Synagogue. He later joined a band called The Velvetones. After leaving the army, Hendrix and Cox moved to Clarksville in Tennessee, where they played in their group, The King Kasuals. They played in small bars but they did not make much money. So, eventually, he and Cox moved to Nashville. They played many blues-style songs in Nashville. In November 1962, Hendrix went to his first studio performance. While in Nashville, Hendrix played in many other bands as rhythm and lead guitarist and vocals. This did not get him much money, but did give him experience of how bands worked. Later, Hendrix left Nashville and went to Northern New York City. By January 1964, he moved to Harlem where he played at bars and clubs for money. Hendrix also won first prize in an amateur guitar contest at The Apollo Theatre. In 1966, Hendrix formed his own band called "Jimmy James and The Blues Flames" one of the members of the band was Little Ritchard. The members were people that he met around town. One of them was a 15-year-old boy called Randy. Hendrix played many gigs around New York City and many songs at a cafe called "Café Wha?" In 1966, Hendrix became friends with the girlfriend of Keith Richards, guitarist for The Rolling Stones, Linda Keith. She liked his music and introduced him to Chas Chandler, the manager for The Animals. Chandler told Hendrix to write a rock version of the song “Hey Joe” and when he did, Chandler brought him to London to sign a contract with him. Hendrix had to make a new band. It was called The Jimi Hendrix Experience with Mitch Mitchell and Noel Redding, a name found by their business manager Mike Jeffery. The Jimi Hendrix Experience. "Are You Experienced?". The Jimi Hendrix Experience made its first album in 1967. It was called Are You Experienced? When the album was being produced and sold, Hendrix travelled around the UK and some of Europe. On June 4, 1967, The Jimi Hendrix Experience played their last concert in London before going to America. In America many famous people came to see Hendrix play including Paul McCartney, George Harrison, Eric Clapton, Jack Bruce and Brian Epstein. The album reached number two in the UK charts. In 2001, VH1 named "Are You Experienced" as the fifth greatest album of all time. "Rolling Stone" magazine put it at number 15 on a list of the 500 greatest albums of all time in 2003. "Axis: Bold as Love". Hendrix’ second album came out in 1967. It was called Axis: Bold as Love. It had famous songs in it, most famous being "Little Wing". There have been several other versions of the song by other musicians like Stevie Ray Vaughan, Henry "Hank" Marrion, Metallica, Eric Clapton, Sting and Pearl Jam. An important difference in the album from other albums he made was that Hendrix tuned his guitar down a semi-tone (to E flat). The album reached number three in the US charts and number five in the UK charts. The album almost did not sell, since Hendrix lost the master tape of side one of the LP in the back of a taxi in London. Hendrix, Chas Chandler and an engineer called Eddie Kramer had to re-mix the songs in one night. They could not get the song "If 6 was 9" right, but Hendrix's bassist Noel Redding had a copy of it on tape. When the album was released, Hendrix was disappointed that the album was finished so quickly and he thought it could have been done better. "Electric LadyLand". Hendrix finished his third album, called Electric LadyLand - a double album with two LP's - in 1968. In this year, Chas Chandler (Hendrix’s manager) decided to leave Hendrix and so did Noel Redding. When Chandler left, Hendrix changed everything in his music. He began using different musicians and instruments. He used guitars with flutes and trombones all with distortion to get strange sounds. The album reached number one in the US. It reached number five in the UK. In 2003, VH1 named the album the 72nd best album of all time, and the "Rolling Stones" magazine gave it 54th greatest album of all time. Woodstock. Hendrix went to play at Woodstock on August 18, 1969. That year, Woodstock made over $18,000 and has since become one of the most famous concerts in the world. Hendrix was told to play on Sunday evening, but did not arrive until Monday morning, which was unfortunate because of the 500,000 people that had paid to see him, around 180,000 were left and did not plan on staying his whole concert; they just wanted to see him in person for a few minutes. Hendrix then went on to play a two-hour concert that was described as awful. Hendrix’s large band had not practiced enough and could not keep up with Hendrix's fast guitar playing. But to make up for all of this, Hendrix played a version of Star Spangled Banner. He played this anthem with heavy distortion and screams from his guitar, and people thought that he was being anti-American and making fun of their anthem and country. Hendrix, in an interview, said that he "did not intend for his performance to be a political statement", he just wanted it to be another version of the national anthem. Death. On September 18, 1970, Hendrix was found dead in a basement of the Samarkand Hotel in London. He died after drinking too much, and then taking too many sleeping pills. He vomited and choked on his vomit because he could not regain consciousness. There are many different theories about his death. His girlfriend, who was with him at the time that he died, said that he was alive when she put him in the back of the ambulance, but hospital records say that Hendrix had been dead for some time before the ambulance had reached him. Some people say that Hendrix was alive, but that the paramedics did not properly hold his head while he was unconscious so he choked on his own vomit. A sad poem that was found in Hendrix’ apartment written by him made some think that he committed suicide. The most likely explanation is that Hendrix just took too many sleeping pills while he was drunk, and then could not wake up as he vomited and choked as a result. There has been some speculation that he may have been murdered by his manager. Burial. Hendrix was buried in Renton, Washington in Greenwood Memorial Park on October 1, 1970. His headstone was wrong because it shows a picture of Hendrix playing a Stratocaster, but the Stratocaster is right-handed, Hendrix played left-handed. Because Hendrix had so many fans, people were worried that the crowds of people wanting to look at his grave would damage other graves, so Hendrix’ father, Al Hendrix, had another memorial site built far from other graves. The memorial is a granite dome architecture, held up by three pillars and Hendrix is buried underneath. His autograph is at the foot of each pillar and a brass sundial is at the top of the dome. There is also a memorial statue of Hendrix playing a Stratocaster on the corner of Broadway and Pine in Seattle. Personality. Fashion. Hendrix had unique fashion and a Bob Dylan-style haircut. He wore scarves, rings and brooches. In his early career, he wore a dark suit with a silk shirt. Later, he wore bright blue velvet suits, red suits and flared trousers. In 1967, he started to wear a cowboy-style hat he called "The Westerner". In 1968, Hendrix started tying scarves to his legs and arms. In 1969, he wore his famous bandana. Drugs. Hendrix was widely associated with the use of psychedelic drugs like LSD. He also smoked marijuana and drank alcohol. Hendrix would become angry and violent when he was drunk. However, no one knows if Hendrix took heroin. Hendrix died after choking on his own vomit in a London apartment. At his autopsy, there was no heroin in his body and he had no needle marks on his body. Incendiary device Incendiary devices or incendiary bombs are bombs. These bombs have been designed to start a fire. Sometimes they are also called firebombs. They were used very frequently in World War II. Materials such as Napalm, White phosphorus, thermite, chlorine trifluoride are often employed in such bombs. A very crude such bomb (which uses fuel) is the Molotov cocktail. The United States still uses such bombs, called Mark 77 bomb. They were used during the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Most other countries no longer use them, since they are banned by Section III of the United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. This treaty was ratified in 1980. Probably the most famous incendiary attack is the bombing of Dresden, Germany during WWII by the Allies. Flamethrowers are also incendiary devices. Napalm Napalm is a name for type of flammable liquids(liquids that are easy to burn) that have been used in war. Often, it is gasoline that has turned into a jelly. When it is mixed with gasoline, the thickener makes a sticky gel that is easy to burn and burns a long time. A team of Harvard chemists in U.S. made napalm during World War II. The team leader was Louis Fieser. The name "napalm" comes from the ingredients that were first used to make it: coprecipitated aluminum salts of naphthenic and palmitic acids. These were added to the ingredients to cause it to turn into a gel. One of the major problems of first fluids used for lighting fires(such as those used in flamethrowers) was that they splashed and drained too easily. The U.S. found that flamethrowers that use a gasoline gel are able to shoot farther and are more useful. Gasoline gel was hard to make in large numbers because it used natural rubber, which was in high demand and expensive. However, napalm provided a much cheaper choice. It solved the problems involved with rubber-based incendiaries(things made to cause fire). Nowadays, napalm is mostly made of benzene and polystyrene, and is known as napalm-B. Napalm was used in flamethrowers and firebombs by the U.S. and allied forces. Napalm is made to burn at a specific rate and stick to materials. This is done by mixing different amounts of napalm and other materials. Another useful (and dangerous) effect, mostly in its use in bombs, was that napalm "rapidly deoxygenates the available air." It also makes large amounts of carbon monoxide that suffocated people. Napalm bombs were also used in the Vietnam War to clear landing zones for helicopters. Though napalm was a 20th-century invention, it is part of a long history of incendiary devices in warfare. However, historically, it was mainly liquids that were used (see Greek fire). An flammable liquid fuel weapon which can be held by people, the flamethrower was introduced in World War I by the Germans. Many other types of flamethrowers were soon made by other sides in the conflict. Usage in warfare. On July 17, 1944, napalm bombs were dropped for the first time by American P-38 pilots on a fuel storehouse at Coutances, near St. Lô, France. Napalm bombs were first used in the Pacific Theatre during the Battle of Tinian by Marine pilots. Its use was made difficult by problems with mixing, fusing and the release mechanisms. In World War II, Allied forces bombed cities in Japan with napalm, and used it in bombs and flamethrowers in Germany and the Japanese-held islands. It was used by the Greek army against communist guerrilla fighters during the Greek Civil War, by United Nations forces in Korea, by Mexico in the late 1960s against guerrilla fighters in Guerrero and by the United States during the Vietnam War. The most well-known method of using napalm for war is from air-dropped incendiary bombs. A lesser-known method is the flame throwers used by combat infantry. Flamethrowers use a thinner version of the same fuel to destroy prepared locations of guns, bunkers and cave hideouts. U.S. Marines fighting on Guadalcanal found them very effective against Japanese positions. The Marines used fire as both a weapon to cause damage as well as a psychological weapon. Men have a natural fear of fire. They found that Japanese soldiers would abandon positions when napalm was used. Prisoners of war confirmed that they were scared of napalm more than any other weapon thrown at them. Napalm became one of the more used weapons of the Korean War. Pilots returning from the war zone often said that they would rather have a couple of gasoline tanks full of napalm to drop than any other weapon, bombs, rockets or guns. The U.S. Air Force and Navy used napalm with great effect against all types of targets to include troops, tanks, buildings and even rail road tunnels. The fear napalm had on the enemy became obvious when North Korean troops began to surrender to aircraft flying overhead. Pilots noted they saw surviving enemy troops waving white flags on following passes after dropping napalm. The pilots radioed to ground troops and the North Koreans were captured. Napalm has been used recently in wartime by or against: Iran (1980–88), Israel (1967, 1982), Nigeria (1969), Brazil (1972), Egypt (1973), Cyprus (1964, 1974), Argentina (1982), Iraq (1980–88, 1991, 20th March 2003 – 15th December 2011), Serbia (1994), Turkey (1963, 1974, 1997), Angola, United States. In some cases, napalm disables and kills its victims very quickly. Those who do survive suffer up to 5th degree burns. These damage parts of the skin which do not have pain receptors. However, victims who suffer 2nd degree burns from splashed napalm will be in a lot of pain. Philip Jones Griffiths describes its use in Vietnam: Phuc had third-degree burns to half her body and was not expected to live. Thanks to assistance from South Vietnamese photographer Nick Ut, and after surviving a 14-month hospital stay and 17 operations, she became an outspoken peace activist. International law does not prohibit the use of napalm or other incendiaries against military targets, but use against civilian populations was banned by the United Nations' inhumane weapons convention (often referred to as the CCW) in 1981. Protocol III of the CCW restricts the use of incendiary weapons (not only napalm), but a number of states have not acceded to all of the protocols of the CCW. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), states are considered a party to the convention, which entered into force as international law in December 1983, if they ratify at least two of the five protocols. The United States, for example, is a party to the CCW but did not sign Protocol III. Reports by the "Sydney Morning Herald" suggested that "napalm" has been used in the Iraq War by US forces. The U.S. Department of Defense denied this. In August 2003, the San Diego Union Tribune said that U.S. Marine pilots and their commanders confirmed the use of Mark 77 firebombs on Iraqi Republican Guards during the start of combat. Official denials of the use of 'napalm' were, however, disingenuous, as the Mk 77 bomb that is currently in service at this time, the Mk 77 Mod 5, does not use actual napalm (e.g. napalm-B). The last U.S. bomb to use actual napalm was the Mark 77 Mod 4, the last of which were destroyed in March 2001. The substance used now is a different incendiary mixture. It is sufficiently analogous in its effects that it is still a controversial incendiary, and can still be referred to colloquially as 'napalm.' "We napalmed both those (bridge) approaches," said Col. Randolph Alles in a recent interview. "Unfortunately, there were people there because you could see them in the (cockpit) video." (...) "They were Iraqi soldiers there. It's no great way to die," he added. (...) The generals love napalm. ... It has a big psychological effect." - "San Diego Union-Tribune, August 2003" These bombs did not actually have napalm in them. The napalm-B (super napalm) used in Vietnam was gasoline based. The Mk-77 firebombs used in the Gulf were kerosene based. It is, however, a napalm-like liquid in its effect. Recipes how to make napalm-like substances can be found on the Internet. Very often, the recipes say that they will make a thick substance using gasoline, with soap or polystyrene as a thickening agent. However, inexperienced people following these instructions often handle the substance improperly and cause accidents. In addition, making incendiary devices is illegal in many countries. Composition. Napalm usually has gasoline with correct thickening agents. The first thickeners were soaps, aluminum, and magnesium palmitates and stearates. Depending on how much thickener is added, the resulting viscosity may range between syrupy liquid and thick rubbery gel. The content of long hydrocarbon chains makes the material highly hydrophobic (resistant to wetting with water), making it more difficult to extinguish(remove fire). Thickened fuel also bounce better, so it is better for missions in urban places. There are two types of napalm: oil-based with aluminium soap thickener, and oil-based with polymeric thickener ("napalm-B"). The United States military uses three types of thickeners: M1, M2, and M4. A later type of napalm, napalm-B, also called "super napalm", has low-octane gasoline, benzene and polystyrene in it. It was used in the Vietnam War. Napalm B burns for up to 10 minutes with fewer fireballs. This is different conventional napalm, which burns for only 15–30 seconds. It also sticks better to surfaces, and can destroy things better. It is not as easy to light on fire. This lowers the number of accidents caused by soldiers smoking. It gives a unique smell when it burns. Starting in the early 1990s, various websites including The Anarchist Cookbook advertised recipes for homemade napalm. These recipes were predominantly equal parts gasoline and styrofoam. This mixture closely resembles that of napalm-B, but lacks a percentage of benzene. Napalm reaches burning temperatures of approximately 1,200 °C (2,200 °F). Other additives can be added, e.g. powdered aluminium or magnesium, or white phosphorus. In the early 1950s, Norway developed its own napalm, based on fatty acids in whale oil. The reason for this development was that the American-produced thickening agent performed rather poorly in the cold Norwegian climate. The product was known as Northick II. In popular culture. Napalm itself became well known by the American public after its use in the Vietnam war. Since then, it has been mentioned in the media and arts multiple times. Some of the examples are: Midwestern United States The Midwestern United States (or Midwest) is a name for the north-central states of the United States of America. The Midwest is composed of Nebraska, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Michigan, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota and Wisconsin. Oklahoma and Kentucky are occasionally considered Midwestern, but this definitely is questioned by scholars, whom refer to those regions, along with Missouri to be border states - those consisting of southern and Midwestern traits. The word "Midwest" has been in common use since the late 19th century. Other names for the area are no longer used. These names include the "Northwest" or "Old Northwest", "Mid-America," or "the Heartland". Geography. The land in the Midwest is generally thought of as consisting of rolling hills with some mountainous and flat regions like the Great Plains states. The far northern part of the Upper Mississippi valley is known as the , a region of very rugged hills centered primarily western Wisconsin, though the region includes small parts of northeast Iowa, Southeast Minnesota, and northwest Illinois. The of Wisconsin contain the highest peaks in the Driftless Region. Also, the northern part of the Ozark mountain range is in southern Missouri. Prairies cover most of the states west of the Mississippi River, with buttes, rugged rocky areas, and hills in western North Dakota and South Dakota ( and ), and the foothills of the Rockies in western Kansas and Nebraska. Less rain falls in the western Midwest than in the eastern part. This causes different types of prairies. Most of the Midwest can now be called either "urban areas" or "agricultural areas". Areas in northern Minnesota, Michigan and Wisconsin, and the Ohio River valley are not very developed. Chicago is the largest city in the region, followed by Detroit and Indianapolis. Some other important cities in the region are: Minneapolis-St. Paul, Cleveland, St. Louis, Kansas City, Milwaukee, Cincinnati, Columbus, Des Moines, and Madison. Culture. Midwesterners are sometimes viewed as open, friendly, and straightforward, or sometimes as stubborn and uncultured. People view the Midwest as a very open place with lots of corn and wheat, very dry crops and sometimes simple people. Midwest values were shaped by religious beliefs and the agricultural values from the people who settled in the area. The Midwest today is a mix of Protestantism and Calvinism, untrusting of authority and power. Between 19 and 29% of the Midwest is Catholic. 14% of the people in Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan, 22% in Missouri and 5% in Minnesota are Baptists. 22-24% of people in Wisconsin and Minnesota are Lutherans. 1% or less of the people in the Midwest are Jewish and Muslim, with slightly more Jewish or Muslim people in major cities, such as Chicago, Detroit, and Cleveland. 16% of the Midwest's population do not follow any religion. Because of 20th century African American migration from the South, many African Americans live in most of the area's large cities. However, there are still more African Americans living in the Southern United States than in the Midwest. The mix of industry and cultures in those cities led to new types of music in the 20th century in the Midwest, including jazz, blues, rock and roll. Jazz was invented in New Orleans, but started to develop and grow in Kansas City. Techno music came from Detroit and house music and blues came from Chicago. Today the population of the Midwest is 65,971,974, or 22.2% of the total population of the United States. Politics. Politics in the Midwest is divided, although if you include Kansas, Nebraska, Missouri and the Dakotas in it leans conservative. With some states leaning liberal and many others conservative. The Great Lakes area, which has more large cities than the rest of the Midwest, tends to be the most liberal area of the Midwest. However, the rural Great Plains states, are more conservative. Traditionally, the larger cities tend to lean to the left while those in the rural countryside lean farther right. US Senate. As of 2020, in the Senate, Illinois, Michigan, and Minnesota are each represented by 2 Democrats. Ohio, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania are represented by 1 Democrat and 1 Republican each. The Dakotas, Missouri, Kansas, Iowa and Nebraska are all represented by 2 Republicans each. The final tally is 9 Democrats and 15 Republicans. State Legislatures. As of 2020, Minnesota's is the only state legislature in the nation where 1 house is controlled by Republicans and the other by Democrats. Illinois´s is the only state legislature in the Midwest where both houses are controlled by Democrats; all the other states have Republican-controlled legislatures. Accents. The accents of the Midwest are often clearly different from the accents of the South and many urban areas of the American Northeast. The accent of most of the Midwest is thought by many to be "standard" American English. Many national radio and television shows in the U.S. like this accent more than many other accents. This may have started because many television show hosts — such as Walter Cronkite, Johnny Carson, David Letterman, Tom Brokaw and Casey Kasem — came from this area. In some parts of the Midwest, the accents are quite different from the "neutral" accent of the rest of the Midwest. These accents usually are because of the of the area. For example, Minnesota, western Wisconsin and Michigan's Upper Peninsula have strong Scandinavian accents, which get stronger the farther north one goes. Many parts of Michigan have Dutch-flavored accents. Also, people from Chicago are known to have their own "" accent. The same is true of St. Louis. In the most southern parts of the Midwest, such as southern Indiana, Southern accents are common in addition to the standard Midwest accent. The same can be said of Southern Illinois, particularly below U.S. Highway 50 and south of St. Louis. Missouri is also an example of a Midwest state with southern culture. Missourians usually have either a Southern or Midwestern accent, or a combined dialect of both, but accents tend to be distinctly Southern in the Southeastern and Bootheel sections of the state. Maynard James Keenan Maynard James Keenan (born James Herbert Keenan on April 17, 1964) is an American rock singer, songwriter, musician, and producer. He sings in the band Tool, and also in the band A Perfect Circle. He has a side project called Puscifer. Early life. James Herbert Keenan was born in Ravenna, Ohio on April 17, 1964. His mother is Judith and his father is Michael, who was a high school teacher. Keenan's parents divorced when he was three years old, and Michael moved away. Keenan did not see him very much for the next 12 years. Later, his mother married someone else. He was mean and did not allow Keenan to be creative. When Keenan was 11, his mother, Judith, had a brain aneurysm that paralyzed her. Two years later, she told Keenan to move to Michigan with his father. The Army. Keenan joined the United States Army after he graduated from high school. He wanted to use the G.I. Bill to go to art school. He joined the United States Military Academy Preparatory School (West Point Prep School) where he picked up the nickname "Maynard". He did very well in his training, but said no to an offer to stay in the Army and work at West Point. He decided to start his music career instead. Art. After being honorably discharged from the Army, Keenan went back to Michigan to go to art school. Then, in 1988, he moved to Los Angeles, California to help design the inside of pet stores. He was fired from this job and then worked creating movie sets. He also played bass guitar in a band and sang for another band. Music career. Keenan started playing soon after leaving art school. Then he and Adam Jones formed Tool. They have a thing for releasing albums every five years. They did so with Undertow, Ænima, and 10,000 Days. Keenan left and formed A Perfect Circle. They had 3 albums, Mer De Noms, The Thirteenth Step, and eMOTIVe. He then left again to go and pursue family time. He now has a vineyard where he makes fine wine but still takes tours for his working side project; Puscifer... Tool's new album had officially set to release August 30th, 2019 Tool. Keenan met Adam Jones in Los Angeles. They started the band Tool in 1990. The band's line up later became Keenan as singer, Jones playing guitar, Danny Carey playing drums, and Paul D'Amour playing bass. When D'Amour left the band, Justin Chancellor took his place. Tool signed to Zoo Entertainment in November 1991. Naphtha Naphtha is the name for a number of intermediary products that occur when refining crude oil. They are liquid hydrocarbons. They are used to produce high octane gasoline products. The petrochemical industry also uses them to make olefins and solvents. Typical naphtas are used for: Lukas Podolski Lukas Podolski () born 4 June 1985 in Gliwice, Poland) is a Polish born German football player. He plays for Köln. From 2004 until 2006, he played for Köln. He has plays Germany national team. He is known for his fashion during press conferences. He often wears button down shirts and polished shoes. He has a girlfriend named Monika and they have a son. Their son's name is Louis, he was born in April 2008. Club career statistics. 152||61||14||8||23||8||189||77 152||61||14||8||23||8||189||77 International career statistics. !Total||116||47 Naphthalene Naphthalene is a crystalline, white hydrocarbon, with a strong smell. It is best known as the main ingredient in mothballs, urinal deodorizer blocks, and can be used as an antiseptic. In mothballs, it is used as an insecticide or pesticide. Naphthalene is toxic. In humans, being exposed to naphthalene can destroy red blood cells. Naphthalene may also cause cancer. History. In the early 1820s, two different papers are published on something that matches the description of Naphthalene. Both groups made it by distilling coal tar. In 1821 John Kidd cited both reports, and condensed their results to accurately describe the properties of naphthalene, and how to make it. Kidd named it naphthalene because "naphtha"  means any explosive hydrocarbon mixture. By 1826, Michael Faraday discovered the formula for it. Emil Erlenmeyer proposes that it is two fused benzene rings in 1866, and Carl Gräbe confirms this three years later. MySQL MySQL is a database system used by many websites on the Internet. It is based on SQL. Many ways of doing things in SQL are similar in MySQL. The data is structured in tables in MySQL. And to extract data from the tables queries are used. For example: codice_1 This query will return the codice_2 of the person named codice_3 from the table named codice_4. History. MySQL was first released in May 1995 and a Windows version was released in January 1998. The latest version (5.6.11) was released in April 2013. Compatibility. MySQL is compatible with many major programming languages. The most common one is PHP. An ODBC interface (called MyODBC) has been made so that users of Microsoft's ASP language can use MySQL. Major users. Some of the largest MySQL users on the internet include: Many PHP scripts also use MySQL. These include: White phosphorus White phosphorus is an incendiary weapon. It makes a bright light and smoke. Its main ingredient is one of the allotropes of the chemical element phosphorus. White phosphorus is toxic to humans. It can burn deep into soft tissue, it can be breathed in, or it can be ingested (eaten). Over time, these can cause death. The use of incendiary weapons against civilians is forbidden since 1949. They were used by U.S. forces in Iraq in 2004. White phosphorous was also used for smoke cover by the Israeli Army during Operation Cast Lead in the Gaza Strip during the 2008-2009 war between Israel and Hamas. Miroslav Klose Miroslav Klose (born June 9 1978 in Opole, Poland) is a Polish born German football player. From 1999 until 2004 he played for Kaiserslautern and from 2004 until 2007 for Werder Bremen. In 2007 changed to Bayern Munich. In 2011, he left Bayern Munich and joined the Italian team Lazio. On the Germany national team he has played in 137 matches since 2001 and scored 71 goals. Klose is a great player known for his heading skills and he is currently the all-time top scorer of the Germany national football team with 71 goals. He is also the all-time leading goal scorer of the FIFA World Cup after beating Ronaldo's record in the semi-final against Brazil. Club career statistics. 327||132||38||20||72||24||434||176 139||55||11||3||18||6||168||64 466||187||49||23||90||30||602||240 Mothball Mothballs are small balls of chemical pesticide and deodorant.They are used when clothing and other articles susceptible to damage from mold or moth larvae are stored. Older mothballs were made primarily of naphthalene. Because naphthalene can catch fire easily, modern mothballs use 1,4-dichlorobenzene instead. Both of these ingredients have a strong, pungent smell often associated strongly with mothballs. Camphor, an insect repellent, can also be used in mothballs. Their use when clothing is stored out-of-season led to the colloquial usage of the terms mothballed and put into mothballs to refer to anything which is put into storage or whose operation is suspended. Some claim that the use of the word in this sense derives from naval usage. When warships were laid up, the open ends of their gun barrels and other openings were covered in white material to prevent the entry of water. These white circles suggested mothballs. Oliver Kahn Oliver Rolf Kahn (; born 15 June 1969) is a former German football player. He played as a goalkeeper for Bayern Munich. From 1988 until 1994, Kahn played for Karlsruhe. He has played 86 matches for the Germany national team. After 2006 FIFA World Cup, he retired from the national team. After the season 2007/2008 he ended his career and stopped playing for his club Bayern Munich, too. Kahn has won several titles with Bayern München, among them are the UEFA champions league, the UEFA cup, the intercontinental cup, eight national championships and six national cups. He was the first-choice goalkeeper in the Germany national football team which was the runner-up at the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Kahn's nicknames are "King Kahn" and "The Titan". Timo Hildebrand Timo Hidebrand (born 5 April 1979 in Worms, Germany) is a German football player. He played Germany national team. Club career statistics. 231||0||20||0||31||0||282||0 26||0||3||0||3||0||32||0 257||0||23||0||34||0||314||0 International career statistics. !Total||7||0 Philipp Lahm Philipp Lahm (; born 11 November 1983) is a German retired football player. He was a former defender for Bayern Munich. International career statistics. !Total||113||5 Valencia CF Valencia C.F. is a football team in Spain. Player. Goalkeeper: Defence: Midfield: Attack: Bastian Schweinsteiger Bastian Schweinsteiger (born 1 August 1984, in Kolbermoor, Germany) is a German football player. He plays as midfielder for Chicago Fire and the Germany national team. He has a brother, Tobias, who is also a footballer and is playing for Unterhaching on loan in the third German league. As of 11 July 2015, Schweinsteiger was transferred under a disclosed fee to Manchester United after Bayern CEO Karl-Heinz Rummenigge announced the transfer in a press conference. Schweinsteiger has been in a relationship with Ana Ivanovic since September 2014. The couple married on 12 July 2016 in Venice. Career. Club. Schweinsteiger signed with Bayern Munich as a youth team player on 1 July 1998 and soon was successful with the youth teams and the second team. He made his debut in the first team as substitute in an UEFA Championsleague match versus RC Lens in November 2002. onla a short time later he signed a professional contract for the first team. He shot his first Bayern goal against VfL Wolfsburg in September 2003. At the beginning of the 2005/06 season he was sent back to the second team but soon came back. Over the next three seasons, up until the end of 2007–08, Schweinsteiger made 135 appearances in all competitions for Bayern Munich (UEFA Champions League, Bundesliga and German Cup), scoring 10 goals. In December 2010, he prolonged his contract with Bayern until 2016. However, in July 2015 Schweinsteiger made a move to Manchester United. International. Schweinsteiger made his international debut in 2004 in a friendly against Hungary. Since that time he played regularly in the German football national team. He was member of the Euro 2004 and 2008 - and World Cup 2006, 2010 and 2014 squads. International career statistics. !Total||107||23 Feller Bach The Feller Bach is a right tributary of the Moselle River in Rhineland-Palatinate (Germany). Its source is in the Hunsrück mountains. It flows through the villages Lorscheid ("Verbandsgemeinde" Ruwer), Fell and Riol ("Verbandsgemeinde" Schweich). It joins the Moselle in Riol. At the left there is the Thommer Bach in the Nossernvalley with the Fell Exhibition Slate Mine (Besucherbergwerk Fell). Per Mertesacker Per Mertesacker (born 29 September 1984 in Hanover, West Germany) is a German football player. Before that, he played for Hannover. He played for the German national team. Club career statistics. 154||12||14||2||32||3||200||17 154||12||14||2||32||3||200||17 International career statistics. !Total||104||4 Bernd Schneider Bernd Schneider (born 17 November 1973 in Jena, Germany) is a former German footballer. He played for Germany national team. Club career. Schneider started his professional career at local Carl Zeiss Jena, going on to help the East German outfit to remain five consecutive seasons in the second division; his debut came on 13 August 1991, playing ten minutes in a 1–3 loss at Darmstadt 98. Schneider then played one season at Eintracht Frankfurt, subsequently moving to Bayer Leverkusen, and establishing himself as an important player for both club and country. In 1999–2000 and 2001–02, he was helpful in Bayer's 2nd-place finish in the Fußball-Bundesliga. He also appeared 19 times in the side reached the 2002 Champions League Final. More a creator than a finisher, Schneider scored a career-best ten league goals in the 2003–04 season, making him the highest-scoring midfielder in that year's competition, alongside Johan Micoud; Leverkusen finished third and, during the following season, Schneider extended his contract a few more years. After two more seasons in which he scored ten goals and achieved 18 assists in 60 matches, Schneider began suffering back-to-back injuries: first the calf, then the back, not appearing for almost the entire 2008–09 season due to the injuries. He only managed to return to action on 16 May 2009, playing the last 20 minutes of a 5–0 home win against Borussia Mönchengladbach. The following month, he announced his retirement because he could not fully recover from the injuries. International career statistics. !Total||81||4 David Odonkor David Odonkor (born February 21, 1984 in Bünde, Germany) is a German football player. At the moment, he plays for Real Betis Balompié. Until 2006, he was playing for Borussia Dortmund. For the Germany national team he has played 16 matches and made 1 goal. Club career statistics. 75||2 40||1 115||3 International career statistics. !Total||16||1 Black Entertainment Television Black Entertainment Television (BET) is an American cable television network. It is based in Washington, D.C.. The network is targeted toward African-American audiences in the United States. Most of it used to show hip hop and R&B music videos. Now it shows religious shows, movies, award shows and original television series for African-Americans. History. BET was founded by Robert L. Johnson on January 25, 1980. The network started out as a two-hour Friday night show on the USA Network each week. It was on from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m. (EST). They mostly showed older movies and music videos. In May of that year, BET started showing Black collegiate sporting events. In November 1980, BET added two half-hour shows, "Black Showcase" and "The Bobby Jones Gospel Show". On June 26, 1983, BET started showing "Video Soul", a music video series. On October 1 of the same year, BET started broadcasting 24 hours daily with help from Home Box Office. In the later years, BET has moved from having a variety of Black entertainment to mostly showing music videos around the clock. CMT (American TV channel) CMT (Country Music Television) is an American country music cable television channel. Some of the programs on the channel include country music videos, taped concerts, movies, biographies of country music stars, game shows, and reality programs. Johnny Carson John William "Johnny" Carson (October 23, 1925 – January 23, 2005) was an American television host and comedian, known for thirty years as host of "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson" (1962–1992). Early life and career. Carson was born in Corning, Iowa, in 1925, to Homer Lloyd "Kit" Carson, a power company manager, and Ruth (Hook) Carson, who was of Irish ancestry. He grew up in the nearby towns of Avoca, Clarinda, and Red Oak in southwest Iowa before moving to Norfolk, Nebraska, at the age of eight. At the age of twelve, Carson found a book on magic at a friend's house and immediately purchased a mail-order magician's kit. He debuted as "The Great Carsoni" at age 14 and he was paid US$3; many other performances at local picnics and country fairs followed. Carson joined the U.S. Navy on June 8, 1943, received V-12 officer training at Columbia University and Millsaps College, and continued to perform magic. Death. Carson died in West Hollywood, California from respiratory failure caused by emphysema, aged 79. Other websites. <br> TNT (band) TNT is a Norwegian hard rock/heavy metal band. The band was formed in Trondheim in 1982. Anarcho-capitalism Anarcho-capitalism is a political philosophy that says that governments are not needed but that private property rights are needed. Complaints against government. Anarcho-capitalism says that governments are not needed because governments either do not work or are bad.  Anarcho-capitalists normally believe that governments are bad due to their use of force.  Anarcho-capitalists' examples of government force include: Anarcho-capitalists say that society would be better off if the good thing government did were instead done on the free market by private individuals, private companies, charities, mutual aid societies, and voluntary unions.  Anarcho-capitalists think that people will still be safe without armies and police that are paid for with taxes, and that people will be able to protect themselves by paying people or "private defence agencies" to defend them, or by setting up neighborhood watches.  Voluntarism, which is normally included as a part of anarcho-capitalist ideology, think that when people get into fights or arguments about who owns what, people should be able to get together and decide what kind of court to go to and what kind of rules they should be judged by, instead of being forced to go to a court that the government sets up. Meaning. The term "anarcho-capitalism" was coined by Jarret B. Wollstein. Anarcho-capitalists say that the government is a thief, because it takes people's money away against their will.  They also say that governments also keep people from making trades between themselves. Anarcho-capitalism as a form of libertarianism. Most libertarians are minarchists, which means they think that there needs to be a very small government whose only purpose is to protect people's property.  Anarcho-capitalists are different because they believe society would be better off without any government, even though they are still a kind of libertarian. Anarcho-capitalism and anarchism. In general, anarcho-capitalism is not considered anarchism. However, like anarchists, anarcho-capitalists say they are against the whole idea of hierarchy.  Anarcho-capitalists do not define hierarchy as something that exists when one person is simply seen as being more important than another person.  Anarcho-capitalist believe hierarchy exists only when a person is given the authority to use force against a nonviolent person or that person's legitimate property.  Only when "no one" is allowed to use force against nonviolent people or their legitimate property are people truly equal.  They think that only then is hierarchy no more. Anarchists are against capitalism as they think it uses force. Anarcho-capitalists support capitalism and say everything in it is consensual. Anarchists oppose anarcho-capitalism because they do not believe any private property is legitimate.  These anarchists would say that all property is founded on the theft of the commons (unowned land and stuff).  Many anarchists don't even think that anarcho-capitalism counts as a real form of anarchism, as this critique of property goes back to some of the earliest people calling themselves anarchists. Property. Anarcho-capitalists, like other libertarians and classical liberals, only believe property is legitimate when it has been gotten in the right sort of way.  If you steal (take something from someone without their permission), or hire someone to steal on your behalf, or ask the government to steal on your behalf, the property you get is not really yours.  The "real" owner is still the person or people it belonged to before it was stolen.  Anarcho-capitalists say that governments do not legitimately own anything, since governments get all of their wealth through force, including taxation and counterfeiting. Because anarcho-capitalists support private property, they believe that a person can own a building or land without actually using it. They believe that these things can be protected by private security guards. In the eyes of anarcho-capitalists, property can only be legitimately gotten in one of three ways.  The first way is through John Locke's "homestead principle," which means that something owned by no one "becomes" your legitimate property when you "mix your labour" with the thing.  In other words, if you come across an unowned field, and you start farming it, then the land you farm becomes your property, along with all of the crops you grow.  If someone else comes along and steals all of the crops you worked on growing, that person has committed a form of force called "theft."  The second and third ways to legitimately get property is through voluntary trade or gift. If someone has gotten something in an illegitimate way, it is not theft to take the thing back, as long as you harm no innocent person in the process. Non-aggression. Some anarcho-capitalists are also anarcho-pacifists, but most anarcho-capitalists are not. Anarcho-pacifists, like Robert LeFevre, believe one may never use any force at all, not even in self-defence. Most anarcho-capitalists, however, believe it is okay to use defensive force as long as it is "only" directed against those who have used non-defensive force, and as long as it is proportional to the non-defensive force.  In other words, one may not legitimately shoot a person for stealing a stick of gum, because shooting someone is a lot more forceful than stealing the gum. Walther von der Vogelweide Walther von der Vogelweide (born about 1170; died possibly in Würzburg around 1230) was a famous German poet and composer. He was the greatest of the German Minnesinger. These were people who wrote and sang songs about courtly love. Walther himself may have added “von der Vogelweide” to his name (it means “of the bird meadow”). The German courtly love songs that had been written at the time were all very similar, but Walther gave these songs new life and made them very beautiful. Unfortunately we do not know any of his music, because he did not write it down. But he wrote his poems down. They are very original, sometimes humorous, sometimes serious, often just gently suggesting ideas carefully. We do not know where Walther was born, but he wrote in a document that he had learned to sing and write poetry in Austria. The dialect he spoke shows that he must have come from Bavaria or Austria. He spent some time at the court of Duke Leopold V of Babenberg in Vienna. This was about 1190. He took part in public singing contests and had long discussions with other people about love and the way it should be written about in poetry. In about 1198, he left Vienna and spent many years travelling around, visiting courts in Europe, entertaining dukes and princes, and singing his songs. He always wrote the words himself, he never used other poets’ words. That would have made him a simple “Spielmann”, but Walther was of noble birth (he had the title “Herr”). He often spent several weeks or months in a castle where he entertained people, and where he probably also fell in love with one of the ladies. He wrote about these love-affairs in his poetry. Walther also wrote verses called “Sprüche" ("sayings"). These were about the history of the time. They were a kind of political propaganda and were used in political debates. Walther supported Emperor Otto IV in his arguments against the pope, persuading the emperor to go on the crusade which the pope had forbidden. We do not know whether Walther went with him on the crusade. By this time Walther had became very famous, not just as a poet and musician but as a kind of political adviser. Walther was the first poet to write national and patriotic poetry. He also wrote a type of love poem which was new in German literature. "Unter der Linde" is the most famous of these. Here are the first two verses: Striptease Striptease is an entertainment, by females usually, before an audience. It is often included in the theatre form called burlesque. With music and dance, the stripper gradually removes her clothing. It is a very ancient dance form, and occurs in many societies. Stripping is done in a teasing manner, but without being obscene (for example, by delaying to take an item off). While hiding certain parts of the body with hands or pieces of clothing, stripper dances around. Sometimes, plays are arranged, the strippers are disguised as Arabic dancers, Salome, Lolita or other well-known people. The spectator sometimes identifies with the stripper. Erotic dreams and exhibitionist fantasies may be projected into the striptease. Ancient. Salome. The Sumerians had a myth of the goddess Inanna descending into the Underworld. At each of the seven gates, she removed an article of clothing or a piece of jewelry. As long as she remained in hell, the earth was barren. When she returned, fecundity abounded. Salome's dance for King Herod is referred to in the New Testament ( and ). However, the first mention of her removing seven veils is in Oscar Wilde's play of "Salome" in 1893. Some have claimed as the origin of modern striptease. After Wilde's play and Richard Strauss's opera "Salome", first performed in 1905 the erotic 'dance of the seven veils', became a standard routine in opera, vaudeville, film and burlesque. A famous early practitioner was Maud Allan who in 1907 gave a private performance of the dance to Edward VII. Greece & Rome. In ancient Greece, the lawgiver Solon established several classes of prostitutes in the late 6th century BC. Among these were the "auletrides": female dancers, acrobats, and musicians, noted for dancing naked in an alluring fashion in front of audiences of men. In ancient Rome, dance featuring stripping was part of the Floralia, an April festival. Empress Theodora, wife of 6th-century Byzantine emperor Justinian is reported by several ancient sources to have started in life as a courtesan and actress who performed in acts inspired from mythological themes and in which she disrobed "as far as the laws of the day allowed". She was famous for her striptease performance of "Leda and the Swan". From these accounts, it appears that the practice was not exceptional or new. It was, however, actively opposed by the Christian Church, which got statutes banning it in the following century. The degree to which these statutes were enforced is open to question. No practice of the sort is reported in texts of the European Middle Ages. Modern. Paris. In the 1880s and 1890s, Parisian shows such as the Moulin Rouge and Folies Bergère had attractive scantily-clad women dancing and "tableaux vivants" (static poses). Acts in the 1890s had a woman slowly removed clothes in a vain search for a flea crawling on her body. The "People's Almanac" credits this as the origin of modern striptease. Starting in 1905, Mata Hari entered the scene. On the invitation of Emile Guimet she danced before a carefully chosen audience. The scene at the end of the show, where she was naked was a sensation. Similar performances, at the requests of Baron von Rothschild, Cécile Sorel, Gaston Menier and Natalie Clifford Barney followed. Mata Hari had never learned how to dance, and had never studied Indian and oriental dancing. Her dances were a product of her imagination. In 1917, Mata Hari was charged with espionage and sentenced to death. She was shot, on 15 October 1917, in Vincennes, near Paris. Another landmark performance was the appearance at the Moulin Rouge in 1907 of an actress called Germaine Aymos who entered dressed only in three very small shells. In the 1930s the famous Josephine Baker danced semi-nude in the "danse sauvage" at the Folies and other such performances were provided at the Tabarin. These shows were notable for their sophisticated choreography and often dressing the girls in glitzy sequins and feathers. By the 1960s "fully nude" shows were provided at such places as Le Crazy Horse Saloon. Post WWII. After the war, in the 1950s striptease became the motor of an emerging sex industry (mainly focused on publications, like Playboy). Paris saw the opening of the high-society strip clubs, like the Alcazar or the Crazy Horse. In modern times, the art of striptease gets lost more and more. In the 1990s, a German private TV channel (called RTL) made a strip show called Tutti Frutti. Since then, during the night, many TV stations have women, who try to get rid of their clothes (without even dancing), while they advertise some phone sex numbers (or other prime-rate numbers). There is also a film called "Striptease". It plays in US strip clubs, without giving much background information. Originally, striptease was only done by women. Today, a very small number of male strippers are there. Among the most notable of them are the Chippendales. Roald Dahl Roald Dahl (13 September 1916 – 23 November 1990) was a British novelist, poet, screenwriter, short-story writer and wartime fighter pilot. Early life. Roald Dahl was born on 13 September 1916 in Llandaff, Cardiff, Wales to Norwegian parents. He was educated in England, Llandaff Cathedral School, and then worked in Africa for the Shell Oil Company. In the Second World War, he was an RAF fighter pilot. It was after an air-crash and "a monumental bash on the head" that he began to write. The crash was the subject of his first published story, "Shot Down Over Libya". Writing. He wanted to become an adult book writer but ended up as a children's book writer. He had a tragic life since his father and oldest sister both died when he was young. Roald Dahl said that the key to his success rested in sympathizing with children and realizing that to children, parents and school teachers are the enemy. Dahl wrote many famous children's stories and adult horror stories. Many of his books and stories have been made into films and television shows all over the world. Among his most popular books are "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory", "James and the Giant Peach", "Matilda", "The Witches", "The BFG", and "Kiss Kiss". Many of his children's books have pictures drawn by Quentin Blake. Dahl was married to Patricia Neal from 1953 until they divorced in 1983. They had four daughters (one of whom died before them) and a son. Dahl was married to Felicity Crosland from 1983 until his death. He lived in Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire. He died on 23 November 1990 in Oxford, from myelodysplastic syndrome, aged 74. Model Sophie Dahl is his granddaughter. There is a Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre in Great Missenden. Roald Dahl has also been know to have anti-semetist imagery in many of his novels. Let There Be Rock Let There Be Rock is a studio album by the Australian hard rock band AC/DC. It was released on June 23, 1977. Electrical energy Electrical energy can refer to several closely related things. It can mean: In any of these cases, the SI unit of electrical energy is the joule; which is the amount of energy used by a one-watt load, such as a tiny light bulb, drawing power for one second. The unit used by many electrical utility companies is the watt-hour (Wh); which is the amount of energy used by the same one-watt load drawing power for one hour. The kilowatt-hour (kWh), which is 1,000 times larger than a watt-hour, is a useful size for measuring the energy use of households and small businesses. A typical household uses several hundred kilowatt-hours per month. The megawatt-hour (MWh), which is 1,000 times larger than the kilowatt-hour, is used for measuring the energy output of large power plants. The terms "electrical energy" and "electric power" are frequently used interchangeably. However, in physics, and electrical engineering, "energy" and "power" have different meanings. Power is energy per unit time. The SI unit of power and electricity is the watt. One watt is a joule per second. In other words, the phrases "flow of power," and "consume a quantity of electric power" are both incorrect and should be changed to "flow of energy" and "consume a quantity of electrical energy." Power (physics) In physics, power (symbol: "P") is how fast work is done or energy is given from one thing to another. In the SI system of measurement, power is measured in watts (symbol: W). It may take a certain amount of work to make a change in the world, such as lifting a heavy weight to a higher level. It makes no difference if the weight is lifted slowly or quickly. The same amount of work will have been performed. The difference between a slow lift and a quick lift is that a quick lift requires more power. This means the work can be done in a shorter time if there is more power available. As a rate of change of work done or the energy of a subsystem, power is: where Power is also equal to force times velocity (or speed). Power in optics. In optics, or radiometry, the term "power" sometimes refers to radiant flux. This is the average rate of energy transport by electromagnetic radiation, measured in watts. But the term "power" is also used to express the ability of a lens or other optical device to focus light. It is measured in dioptres (inverse metres), and is equal to one over the focal length of the optical device. List of Byzantine emperors This is a list of the Emperors of the late Eastern Roman Empire, called Byzantine by modern historians. This list does not include many of the emperors that rules with someone else. The title of all Emperors before Heraclius was Augustus, but other titles such as Dominus were also used. After Heraclius, the title was changed to the Greek Basileus. This title used to mean "king", "sovereign" but now was used in place of Augustus. This list begins with Constantine I the Great, the first Christian emperor reigning from Constantinople. Palaiologan Dynasty (restored to Constantinople, 1259-1453). At around this time the emperors began using the title "Βασιλευς Βασιλεων Βασιλευων Βασιλευσιν", that is, "Emperor of Emperors, ruling over those who rule." Ottomans. In 1453 Mehmed II overthrew the Byzantine Empire and claimed the title of Kaisar; his successors continued this claim. See Ottomans for the complete list of Ottoman sultans. Maroon 5 Maroon 5 is an American pop rock band. It is based in Los Angeles, California. It used to be called Kara's Flowers. The band members were vocalist Adam Levine, guitarist James Valentine, bassist Mickey Madden, percussionist Matt Flynn, and keyboardists Jesse Carmichael and PJ Morton. The band has released six studio albums: "Songs About Jane" (2002), "It Won't Be Soon Before Long" (2007), "Hands All Over" (2010), "Overexposed" (2012), "V" (2014), and "Red Pill Blues" (2017). All those albums charted in the top 3 on the U.S. "Billboard" 200 chart. The band has sold more than 27 million albums and 109 million singles worldwide. History. Maroon 5 was formed at a performing arts summer camp called French Woods Festival in New York. In 1994 the band known today as "Maroon 5" was a Los Angeles, California grunge band. The members were singer Adam Levine, guitarist Jesse Carmichael, drummer Ryan Dusick, and bassist Michael Madden. In 1997, the group signed with Reprise Records and released the studio album "The Fourth World". In 2001, James Valentine (guitarist) joined the band. In 2006, Dusick left the band. Matt Flynn replaced him as drummer. The band's first album using the name Maroon 5 was "Songs About Jane", released in 2002. On June 22, 2011, the group released the single "Moves Like Jagger" featuring pop singer Christina Aguilera. The release was in promotion of the NBC show "The Voice". The song became #1 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Levine won the first American season of "The Voice" in June 2011 with his partner Javier Colon. The band said that they would be working on a fourth studio album released before 2012. A song titled "Life After you" was expected to be recorded and released in early 2012. A song titled "Wipe Your Eyes" was leaked on the web January 15, 2012 and is said to have been produced by music producer J.R. Rotem. On March 26, 2012, "Rolling Stone" magazine announced that the group would release their fourth studio album "Overexposed" on June 26, 2012. The band had worked with headlining producer Max Martin, along with Benjamin Levin and lead singer of OneRepublic, Ryan Tedder. The lead single off the album, "Payphone", was released on April 17, 2012. In 2014, the fifth studio album "V" was released. On November 3, 2017, the album Red Pill Blues was released. The band announced that their seventh album, "Jordi" (named after Levine's friend and the band's former manager, Jordan Feldstein, brother of actor Jonah Hill), would be released on June 11, 2021. Jens Lehmann Jens Lehmann (born 10 November 1969 in Essen, Germany) is a German football player. He has played for Arsenal since 2003. Lehmann is the goalkeeper of the Germany national team. He has played 61 matches for the national team. His teams. Jens Lehmann has played for Arsenal joining the team in November 2002. He was an important part of their success during their "Invincibles" season where Arsenal won the title without losing a single game. He has had lots of memories playing for Arsenal but during the 2007-2008 season he got injured and then was replaced by Manuel Almunia after a poor start to the season. He came back on December the 1st from his knee injury. Now Jens has played 1 or 2 games for Germany and now is probably going to quit Arsenal and he is thinking to go to a German team. And now Arsenal have to say another goodbye to their 3rd recent mover. Jens has just began to play again after his bad injury (knee injury). He played at least a game for Germany on December the 6th 2007. Unfortunantly he let in 3 goals and saved 22 from going in to the goals. Jens now might live in Germany forever because he is leaving Arsenal and moves in July 2008 to Stuttgart. Club career statistics. 437||2||0||0||2||0||23||0||462||2 5||0||||||||||||||5||0 145||0||13||0||0||0||36||0||194||0 587||2||13||0||2||0||59||0||661||2 International career statistics. !Total||61||0 Karlsruher SC Karlsruher SC is a German football club in the second division (2. Bundesliga). Goalkeepers: Defences: Middlefields: Strikers: Winned Cups: Championchips: Pokalchampion: A.C. Milan A.C. Milan is an Italian football club in Milan. They were started in 1899 by two Englishmen, Herbet Kilpin and Alfred Edwards after a heavy drinking session in the Fiaschetteria Toscana tavern in Milan. Herbet Kilpin became the first team coach and captain whilst Alfred Edwards became the first club president. Their first name was Milan Cricket and Football Club. They have won the Serie A football league 18 times and the Coppa Italia football cup 5 times. They have won more trophies than any Italian club except for Juventus. In the 2005/06 season, they were punished for setting up the results. They started the 2006/07 season with an 8-point deficit, but they managed to end up fourth and win the UEFA Champions League qualification games. A.C.Milan won the 2006/07 UEFA Champions League in the final at Athens versus Liverpool. 2 to 1 was the score for the Italian team. They play at the Stadio Giuseppe Meazza Stadium, also known as San Siro because Giuseppe Meazza was a star playing for arch rival, Internazionale Milano in Milan. Players. First team squad. Presidents and managers. Presidential history. Milan has had numerous presidents over the course of its history, some of whom have been owners of the club while others have been honorary presidents. Here is a complete list of them. Managerial history. Nereo Rocco, the most successful manager in the history of A.C. Milan with 10 trophies. Below is a list of Milan coaches from 1900 until the present day. Germany national football team The Germany national football team ( or "Die Mannschaft") is the national football team in Germany. The team has won the 1954 FIFA World Cup, 1974 FIFA World Cup, 1990 FIFA World Cup and 2014 FIFA World Cup. The team came as second in the 1966 FIFA World Cup, 1982 FIFA World Cup, 1986 FIFA World Cup and in 2002 FIFA World Cup. In the 1934 FIFA World Cup, 1970 FIFA World Cup, 2006 FIFA World Cup and 2010 FIFA World Cup, the team got third place. The current coach is Joachim Löw and soon to be Hansi Flick. From 1950 to 1990, the team was mainly West Germany. Other teams were around that are now part of Germany. These include the East German team (1952-1990) and the Saarland team (1950-1956). Germany has always been one of the best teams in the world. Germany is the only team to have won men's and women's world cup titles. Also, Germany's main rivals are England, the Netherlands and Argentina. The teams recent performance in a tournament was a victory over Argentina to win the 2014 FIFA World Cup. In the semi-final against Brazil, Germany thrashed them with a 7–1 win, making it the largest win in FIFA World Cup semi-final history. Miroslav Klose, one of the greatest German players of all time, also scored a record breaking goal that made him the top scorer in FIFA World Cup history. Recent history. Oliver Kahn and Michael Ballack era. After another World Cup exit in 1998, Germany's status as one of the best teams in the world was beginning to go away. In the UEFA Euro 2000, Germany failed to advance to the next round, after losing two matches and one draw in the group stage. The manager at the time then resigned and was replaced by Rudi Völler. Going into the 2002 FIFA World Cup, the expectations for Germany was low because of the mediocre performance in the qualifiers. However, they performed very well in the World Cup, eventually making it to the finals but losing to Brazil 0–2. Miroslav Klose of Germany won the Silver Boot and Oliver Kahn won the Golden Ball. Germany again failed to advance to the next round in the UEFA Euro 2004 after they tied two matches and lost one. The manager Rudi Völler resigned shortly afterwards. Jürgen Klinsmann then replaced him, although having no experience. Joachim Löw was also assigned to assist him. Klinsmann made Michael Ballack captain after the Euro 2004. Klinsmann main goal was to help Germany perform well in the next world cup. Before the tournament, not many people expected Germany to do well because of their performance in the last tournaments. However, Germany won the first match of the tournament against Costa Rica. They continued to build confidence, and they eventually advanced to next stage with three wins in the group stage. Germany then beat Sweden 2–0 in the Round of 16. Germany then faced favourites Argentina in the quarter-finals. Argentina took the lead first in the match with a goal by Roberto Ayala in the 49th minute. Miroslav Klose then equalized with a goal at the 80th minute. The game later went to a penalty shootout, with Germany winning 4–2 and their goalkeeper Jens Lehmann making two saves. Although many then expected Germany to reach the final, they lost in the Semi-finals to Italy after Italy scored two goals in extra time. However, the German team went on to thrash Portugal 3–1 in the third place match. After the World Cup, Miroslav Klose won the Golden Boot and Lukas Podolski won the Best Young Player award.Also, four of Germany's players were put in the All-Star squad. When the German team arrived back in Berlin, they were greeted by 500,000 fans who were all honoring the German team. Joachim Löw takes the throne. Klinsmann left the German team after the World Cup, with Joachim Löw taking the throne. Löw was known for often putting young players in the team. The German team then easily qualified for the UEFA Euro 2008. In the final tournament, Germany advanced to the next round after they finished the group stage with two wins and one loss to Croatia. Germany then played Portugal in the quarter-finals and beat them 3–2 with goals from Bastian Schweinsteiger, Miroslav Klose and Michael Ballack. They then went to the Semi-finals against Turkey and barely defeated them 3–2 after Philipp Lahm scored on the 90th minute. In the final of the Euro 2008, Spain were the favourites but Germany was believed to have a chance. Spain took control of the game and with Fernando Torres's goal, Spain won the tournament. 2010 FIFA World Cup. Germany easily qualified in their qualifying group against Azerbaijan, Finland, Liechtenstein, Russia and Wales. In the tournament, Germany advanced through the group stage after winning two games and loosing one against Serbia. Germany then went on to dominate the Round of 16 and Quarter-finals after defeating England 4–1 and thrashing Argentina 4–0. In the semi-finals, Germany lost to Spain 1–0. Germany then beat Uruguay 3–2 to become the third place medal winners. Thomas Müller won the Golden Boot and the Best Young Player award. Germany also scored the most than any other team in the tournament, with 16 goals. Euro 2012. Germany won all ten of their qualifying matches for the UEFA Euro 2012. They later were placed in Group B along with Portugal, the Netherlands and Denmark. The team went on to win all their matches in the group stage and broke a record of 15 consecutive wins in all matches. They then beat Greece 4–2 in the quarter-finals with goals from Philipp Lahm, Sami Khedira, Miroslav Klose and Marco Reus. However, they lost to Italy 1–2 in the semi-finals. 2014 FIFA World Cup. Germany almost had ten straight wins in the qualifying round for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. However, in a game against Sweden, the team conceded 4 goals when they were up 4–0 up. The team performed well in the international friendlies before the World Cup with an unbeaten streak. Their most notable win was against Armenia, where they won 6–1. Germany was put in Group G with Portugal, Ghana and the United States. The first match against Portugal ended with Germany defeating them 4–0; with the help of Thomas Müller's hat-trick. Their second game against Ghana ended with a 2–2 draw after Miroslav Klose equalized the score. Their final game ended with a win against the United States after Thomas Müller scored at the 55th minute. In the quarter-finals, Mats Hummels scored the winning goal at the 13th minute, meaning that Germany advanced to their fourth consecutive semi-final in the FIFA World Cup. In the semi-final against Brazil, Germany thrashed them with a 7–1 win, making it the largest win in FIFA World Cup semi-final history. Miroslav Klose also scored a record breaking goal that made him the top scorer in FIFA World Cup history. The win began to be known as the Miracle of Belo Horizonte. Germany then went on to their 8th World Cup final in history. In the final, Mario Götze scored at the 113th minute to help Germany defeat Argentina 1–0. Euro 2016. Germany was put in a qualifying group with Poland, Republic of Ireland, Scotland, Georgia and Gibraltar. They qualified at the top of their group after 7 wins, 1 draw and 2 losses. They are currently placed with Ukraine, Poland and Northern Ireland in the group stage. Players. Current squad. The following 26 players were selected for the UEFA Euro 2020. "Caps and goals correct as of 29 June 2021, after the match against England." Recent call-ups. The following players have also been called up to the Germany squad within the last 12 months and are still available for selection. INJ Player withdrew from the squad due to an injury. Results and fixtures. Recent results and scheduled matches according to the DFB, UEFA and FIFA websites. Stadiums. Germany doesn't have an official stadium, so they use many stadiums. The city of Berlin has been the host of the most German games (44 times). The Olympiastadion Berlin is the most commonly used stadium in Berlin, and it holds 74,500 seats. Other common cities to host games have been Hamburg (33 matches), Stuttgart (31), Hanover (26) and Dortmund. Another popular location is Munich, which hosted the 1974 FIFA World Cup Final, where Germany defeated the Netherlands. Larissa Larissa () is the capital city of the Thessaly periphery of Greece, and capital of the Larissa Prefecture. Larissa is found in the north of the Thessaly plain near at the foot of the mountain Olympus. Its population is 131,496 inhabitants. Larissa is crossed by Pineios river. The most interest sight in Larissa is the ancient theater which is located in the center of the city. Steven Gerrard Steven George Gerrard (born 30 May 1980) is an English retired footballer and football manager who was recently the head coach of Premier League club Aston Villa. He was a Liverpool great who spent the majority of his career at Anfield. He wore the number 8, playing from 1997 until 2015. He was also the England captain, for which he wore the number 4. He usually plays as a central midfielder. He played for Los Angeles Galaxy for (2015-2016) in that year 2 full years before retiring at the end of the 2017 season. Personal life. Gerrard was born in Whiston Hospital but he grew up in the Liverpool suburb of Huyton. Gerrard was engaged to Alex Curran and they married on 16 June 2007. They have three daughters: Lilly-Ella Gerrard (born on 23 February 2004), Lexie Gerrard (born on 9 May 2006) and Lourdes Gerrard (born on 2 November 2011). On 1 September 2006, he published his first autobiography, entitled "Gerrard: My Autobiography". Gerrard also started training with his boyhood club on 30 November 2015. Gerrard also recently started a punditry job on BT Sport Europe. Gerrard is a talented jazz pianist and achieved grade 8 and an opportunity to study for an ARCM although football took priority. (see Whiston community record. Club career statistics. 333||71||26||9||19||7||101||32||484||119 333||71||26||9||19||7||101||32||484||119 International career statistics. !Total||114||21 Ikebana Ikebana (Japanese: 生け花 or いけばな) is the Japanese art of making flower arrangements. The word "Ikebana" means " to make alive flowers". People who want to do Ikebana have to learn many things. It is not just about putting flowers in a vase. Japanese flower arrangements often have special meanings. There are many ways in which Ikebana can be taught. These schools (ways of teaching) include Ikenobo, Sogetsu, Ohara. Ikenobo is very well known. Until the Mid-Edo Period it was only for upper class people. Ikenobo was started by a Buddhist priest called Ikenobo Senkei in the 15th century. It uses standing flowers (called "rikka"). It is a Buddhist way of showing the beauty of nature. There are 7 branches. Each branch represents something in nature, e.g. a hill, valley, waterfall etc. Later, in the 17th century, it became simpler and was called "shoka". Shoka uses just 3 branches called "ten" (heaven), "chi" (earth) and "jin" (man). Another form of Ikebana is called cha-bana. It is used in tea ceremony. ikebana is used in homes too. Today Ikebana is very popular among all classes of people in Japan. 15 million people in Japan practice Ikebana. Venom (band) Venom are a black metal band from Newcastle upon Tyne, England. The band was formed in 1979. Venom is considered to be (one of) the first Black Metal bands. Venom (disambiguation) Venom may mean different things: Scottsdale, Tasmania Scottsdale is a town in the north-east of Tasmania, Australia. It is 63 km northeast of Launceston and 22 km southeast of town of Bridport. It is part of the Dorset Council. The area was first surveyed in 1855 and was described as, "the best soil on the island ... well watered, with a mild climate" by surveyor James Scott. The town was named after him. Scottsdale is now a major agricultural centre. Torsten Frings Torsten Frings (born 22 November 1976 in Würselen, Germany) is a former German football player and current manager. At the moment he playes for the Canadian soccer club Toronto FC. Before his change, he played for the German club Werder Bremen, Bayern Munich (2004 until 2005), Borussia Dortmund (2002 until 2004) and Werder Bremen (1997 until 2002). He has played for the Germany national team since 2001. Club career statistics. 397||50||21||2||11||2||61||9||490||63 397||50||21||2||11||2||61||9||490||63 International career statistics. !Total||79||10 David Letterman David Michael Letterman (born April 12, 1947) is an American television host and comedian. He currently hosts "My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman" on Netflix. He hosted the late night television talk show "Late Show with David Letterman" on CBS. Letterman also hosted "Late Night with David Letterman" on NBC. In 2013, Letterman surpassed friend and mentor Johnny Carson as the longest-serving late-night talk show host in TV history, at 31 years. Letterman's ironic comedy is similar to comedians such as Andy Kaufman, Ernie Kovacs, and "Tonight Show" hosts Johnny Carson and Steve Allen. Early life and career. Letterman was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. His father, Harry Joseph Letterman, was a florist of English ancestry; his mother Dorothy Letterman, a church secretary of German ancestry, has been an occasional figure on the show, usually at holidays and birthdays. He lived on the north side of Indianapolis, not far from the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. He enjoyed collecting model cars, including racers. In 2000, he told an interviewer for "Esquire" that, while growing up, he admired his father's ability to tell jokes and be the life of the party. Harry Joseph Letterman survived a heart attack at age 36, when David was a young boy. The fear of losing his father was constantly with Letterman as he grew up. The elder Letterman died of a second heart attack at age 57. Tide A tide is the periodic rising and falling of Earth's ocean surface caused mainly by the gravitational pull of the Moon acting on the oceans. Tides cause changes in the depth of marine and estuarine (river mouth) waters. Tides also make oscillating currents known as tidal streams (~'rip tides'). This means that being able to predict the tide is important for coastal navigation. The strip of seashore that is under water at high tide and exposed at low tide, called the intertidal zone, is an important ecological product of ocean tides. The height of tides varies somewhat with the phases of the Moon. At New Moon and Full Moon, tides are higher because the Sun's tidal force adds to the Moon's. This is called "spring tide". Two tides a day. In most places, there are two tides a day. They each have a high point (the high tide) and a low point (the low tide). We speak of a "flood tide" coming in towards high tide, and an "ebb tide" going out towards low tide. The period of the tide is about 12 hours and 25.2 minutes, exactly half a "tidal lunar day". The Moon orbits the Earth in the same direction as the Earth rotates on its axis, so it takes slightly more than a day—about 24 hours and 50 minutes—for the Moon to return to the same location in the sky. During this time, it has passed overhead once and underfoot once, so in many places the period of strongest tidal forcing is the above-mentioned, about 12 hours and 25 minutes. This is analogous to the minute hand on a watch crossing the hour hand at 12:00 and then again at about 1:05½ (not at 1:00). Because a gravitational field weakens with distance, the Moon's gravity exerts a slightly stronger pulling force on the side of the Earth facing the Moon, and a slightly weaker force on the opposite side. The Moon thus tends to "stretch" the Earth slightly along the line connecting the two bodies. The solid Earth deforms a bit, but ocean water, being fluid, is free to move much more in response to the tidal force, particularly horizontally. As the Earth rotates, the magnitude and direction of the tidal force at any particular point on the Earth's surface change constantly; although the ocean never reaches equilibrium—there is never time for the fluid to "catch up" to the state it would eventually reach if the tidal force were constant—the changing tidal force nonetheless causes rhythmic changes in sea surface height. Other things, such as atmospheric pressure and the Sun's gravity, also affect the tides, but in most places those things do much less than the Moon's gravity does. Tidal force Tidal force is caused by gravity and makes tides happen. This is because the gravitational field changes across the middle of a body (the diameter). Tidal energy Tidal energy, sometimes called "tidal power", is using the energy contained in moving water in tides and open ocean currents for hydroelectricity. Tidal energy systems can extract either kinetic energy (energy caused by movement) from the moving water of rivers, tides and open ocean currents; or potential energy from the difference in height (or "head") between high and low tides. The first method - generating energy from tidal currents - is becoming more popular because people believe that it does not harm the environment as much as barrages or dams. Many coastal sites worldwide are being examined to see if they can be used to produce tidal (current) energy. Like other hydroelectricity (electricity made using water), tidal power produces no pollution and is a renewable energy source, because tides are caused by events that happen in the solar system and so will not run out. Tidal power has great potential for future power and electricity generation because of the very large amount of energy contained in these rotational systems. Tidal power is reliably predictable (unlike wind power and solar power). In Europe, tide mills have been used for nearly 1,000 years, mainly for grinding grains. Modern tide mills provide tidal stream power. Many things affect tides. The pull of the Moon is the largest effect, and most of the energy comes from the slowing of the Earth's spin. Evangeline Lilly Nicole Evangeline Lilly (born August 3, 1979) is a Canadian actress, known for her leading role as Kate Austen on the ABC drama mystery series "Lost", which ran for six seasons (2004–2010). Personal life. Evangeline was once married to Canadian hockey player Murray Hone. She also dated Dominic Monaghan, who was also on "Lost". The two broke up in 2007. Her nicknames include "Evi" and "Monkey". The other actors on "Lost" gave her the name "Monkey" because she can climb trees easily, a skill that her character Kate also has. "Lost"-actor Josh Holloway also calls her "Freckles", sharing the nickname his character Sawyer gave her. View A view is what can be seen in somebody's vision. A view can also be a very scenic image. It can also be someone's opinion on something or how they look at something. There are many types of views. Greystones Greystones () is a coastal town in County Wicklow, Ireland. It is on Ireland’s east coast, south of Bray and south of Dublin (it is within the Greater Dublin Area), with 15,000 people living in the region. Courtly love Courtly love is a special idea of love that people had in Europe in the Middle Ages. The word "court" means the courts where princes or dukes lived. Courtly love is usually when a young man, who may be a peasant or even a simple King, falls in love with a rich lady and tries to make himself worthy of her by doing brave things or by singing beautiful love songs. The idea of courtly love can be found in a lot of literature e.g. in works by Geoffrey Chaucer, Dante, Gottfried von Strassburg, Walther von der Vogelweide, Wolfram von Eschenbach, Malory and William Shakespeare. Royal court A royal court or noble court is the household of a royal family—including its advisors and attendents. The building is often called a palace, but the "royal court" means not just the buildings but all the royal household (all the people who live and work there). Someone who has a rank in a royal court is called a court official or courtier. A royal court can also include the wives and concubines of the ruler. It is called a court because in early times the palace would have a court (an enclosed space) at the front. In history there were great rulers who held important courts, e.g. Charlemagne. A famous example is Hampton Court on the river Thames in London where Henry VIII had his court. Today the Queen holds court at Buckingham Palace. Statesman A statesman or stateswoman is a respected, skilled and experienced political leader or figure. In most respects a statesman is the opposite of a politician. Politicians are thought of as people who will say or do anything to get elected or to gain power. A statesman is someone who does everything for the common good of the people he or she represents. To call a person a statesman is a mark of high regard for that person's integrity. To call someone a politician usually implies the person is worthy of very little esteem. For example, George Washington is almost always called a statesman. An elder statesman is a term often defined as an older politician or advisor who is thought to be above normal politics. Statesman principals. In 51 BC, Cicero published his work "De re publica" ("On the Republic"). The dialog was about what made a true statesman. It was about the virtues and ideals such a leader must have. Cicero wrote that a great statesman did not have to descend from aristocrats. But he must have "virtus" (virtue), "iustitia" (a sense of justice) and wisdom. He must also have "dignitas" (roughly translated as dignity), temperance and must show generosity and be magnanimous. A statesman has certain core values and will not change beliefs simply to advance a political career. If a change in policy is necessary for the good of the people he or she serves, the change will be made no matter how much it is criticized. According to Hans J. Morgenthau, author of "Politics Among Nations", statesmen see things realistically; as they really are. They look at how a policy will affect a nation. A statesman is not the same as a monarch or king because their goals are not the same. A statesman does not want to dominate or control people, he or she wants to educate them so they are fit to live in a democracy. Like Plato before him, Alexis de Tocqueville believed that a statesman not only educated his or her people, he somehow shaped their character. When Abraham Lincoln became President of the United States in 1861, most people saw an awkward, rumpled country bumpkin. He had never traveled to Europe and was seen by the American people and foreign dignitaries alike as crude and unsophisticated. The Dutch minister reported of Lincoln: “He and his wife seem like . . . western farmers, and even in this country, where one has no right to be fastidious, their common manners and their ways expose them in unfortunate fashion to ridicule.” While many do not remember Lincoln as a great foreign-policy president, he actually was. Like a true statesman, Lincoln adeptly guided foreign policy at a time of great peril during the Civil War when the United States was vulnerable to foreign intervention. According to Kevin Peraino, Lincoln "should be considered one of America’s seminal foreign-policy presidents — a worthy model for students of global affairs." Historians have long shown Lincoln to have been a great statesman who worked tirelessly to build his country into something greater than it was. He laid the groundwork for America's later rise to become a world power. Chris Gueffroy Chris Gueffroy (21 June 1968 in Pasewalk – 6 February 1989 in Berlin) was the last person to be killed by border troops while trying to escape across the Berlin Wall. Gueffroy and his friend Christian Gaudian tried to escape from East Berlin to West Berlin on the night of 5 to 6 February 1989. They tried to cross near the Britz district canal. Gueffroy and Gaudian thought that the "Schießbefehl", the order to shoot anyone who attempted to cross the wall, had been stopped. Climbing the last metal fence, the two were seen and shot at by the National People's Army (NVA) border troops. Gueffroy was hit in the chest by ten shots and died in the border strip. Gaudian was badly injured, and was arrested and was sentenced on 24 May 1989 to imprisonment for three years by the Pankow district court for trying illegally to cross the border ("versuchten ungesetzlichen Grenzübertritts im schweren Fall"). In September 1989 Gaudian was freed on bail by the East German government and on 17 October 1989 he was transferred to West Berlin. The four border guards at first got an award ("Leistungsabzeichen der Grenztruppen") from the chief of the local border guards, Erich Wöllner, and a prize of 150 East German Marks each. After the reunification of East and West Germany, they were prosecuted by Berlin regional court. Two of them were released in January 1992. Ingo Heinrich, who fired the shot that killed Gueffroey was sentenced to three and a half years in jail. The Bundesgerichtshof reduced the penalty to a suspended sentence of two years in 1994. In 2000, two SED officials, Siegfried Lorenz and Hans-Joachim Böhme, were tried for the death of Gueffroy and two other young men, but acquitted as the judge could find no evidence that they might have been able to lift the shoot-to-kill order. The case was retried on 7 August 2004, and the two men were found guilty and given suspended sentences of 15 months each. The judge explained that the short sentences were due to the length of time since the events. This was the last case concerning deaths on the inner German border. On 21 June 2003, which would have been his 35th birthday, a monument to Gueffroy was built on the banks of the Britz district canal. The monument was designed by Berlin artist Karl Biedermann. Electricity generation Electricity generation is the making of electricity for use by people. Most comes from rotary electrical generators turned by various engines. History. Making electricity in one central place became useful when electric power distribution was possible. This required power transformers which could change voltage. Electricity could be sent as alternating current along electric power lines for great distances cheaply. People have been using electric light bulbs, electric motors, and other things that use electricty since the late 19th century. Different sources of energy have been used to run generators, including coal, nuclear, natural gas, hydroelectric, and petroleum power and a small amount from solar energy, tidal harnesses, wind generators, and geothermal sources. Electricity demand. The demand for electricity can be met in two different ways. The main method is to build large centralized projects to generate and transmit the electricity required. Many of these projects have caused unpleasant environmental effects such as air or radiation pollution and the flooding of large areas of land. Distributed generation creates power on a smaller scale at locations on the electricity network. These sites often generate electricity as a byproduct of other industry such as using gas from landfills to power turbines. Methods of generating electricity. Turbines. Rotating turbines attached to electrical generators produce most commercially available electricity. Turbines are driven by a fluid which acts as an intermediate energy carrier. The fluids typically used are: Combined cycle gas turbine plants are driven by both steam and gas. They generate power by burning natural gas in a gas turbine and use residual heat to generate additional electricity from steam. These plants offer efficiencies of up to 60%. Reciprocating engines. Small electricity generators are often powered by reciprocating engines burning diesel fuel, biogas or natural gas. Diesel generators are often used for backup power, usually at low voltages. Biogas is often combusted where it is produced, such as a landfill or wastewater treatment plant, with a reciprocating engine or a microturbine, which is a small gas turbine. Photovoltaic panels. Unlike the solar heat concentrators, photovoltaic panels convert sunlight directly to electricity. Although sunlight is free, solar panels cost a lot of money to make and have only a 10-20% conversion efficiency. Until recently, photovoltaics were most commonly used in remote sites where there is no access to a commercial power grid, or as an extra electricity source for individual homes and businesses. Recent advances in manufacturing efficiency and photovoltaic technology, combined with subsidies driven by environmental concerns, have dramatically accelerated the deployment of solar panels. Installed solar capacity is growing by 30% per year in several regions including Germany, Japan, California and New Jersey. Casey Kasem Casey Kasem (born Kemal Amin Kasem; April 27, 1932– June 15, 2014) was an American radio personality, music historian, actor, and voice artist. He is known for his many voice roles in cartoons and for being a public radio personality. Early life. Kasem was born Kemal Amin Kasem in Detroit, Michigan, on April 27, 1932, to Lebanese immigrant parents. They settled in Michigan, where they worked as grocers. Kasem graduated from Northwestern High School in Detroit and Wayne State University. Career. Kasem's career began in the radio business in the 1950s in Flint, Michigan. He then made his first movie appearance in "Easy Rider" in 1967. He was the host of the weekly "American Top 40" radio show from 1970 to 1988, and again from March 1998 until January 10, 2004. Ryan Seacrest is now the host. Kasem is the host of two weekly radio shows, "American Top 20 with Casey Kasem" and "American Top 10 with Casey Kasem". Kasem did the voice of many advertisements, has done many voices for "Sesame Street", and is the voice of 'Shaggy' for the animated television show "Scooby-Doo". Kasem retired in 2009 because of old age and health concerns. Personal life. Kasem married Linda Myers in 1972. The couple had three children. Kasem then married Jean Thompson in 1980. The couple had one child. Kasem lived in Washington state. Kasem was a Democrat. He narrated television ads for 1972 president candidate George McGovern's campaign. Disappearance. On May 12, 2014, Kasem was declared missing by a Los Angeles court judge ordered an investigation for his whereabouts. Soon after, Kasem was found alive in Washington state. Health. Kasem suffered from Parkinson's disease and an early form of dementia. On June 6, 2014, Kasem was in critical but stable condition at a hospital in Washington state hospital, receiving antibiotic treatment from blood pressure and bedsores. He also suffered from Lewy body disease, the most common type of progressive dementia after Alzheimer's and was bed-ridden. Death. Kasem died in Gig Harbor, Washington from complications of dementia and sepsis, aged 82. On August 14 it was reported in the Norwegian newspaper "Verdens Gang" that Kasem was going to be buried in Oslo. The funeral administration of Oslo, Norway confirmed that Kasem was buried at Vestre Gravlund in Oslo on December 16, 2014. Bloc Party Bloc Party are a British indie rock band. The band has four members: Kele Okereke sings and plays rhythm guitar, Russell Lissack plays the lead guitar, Justin Harris plays bass guitar and Louise Bartle plays the drums. The band's music has been compared to bands such as the Cure, Gang of Four and the Strokes. The band formed during the 1999 Reading Festival. They tried many different names before they chose Bloc Party. Moakes joined after reading an advertisement in "NME" magazine. Tong was picked through an audition. The band was first noticed when the gave BBC Radio 1 DJ Steve Lamacq and Franz Ferdinand's lead singer Alex Kapranos a copy of its music demo, "She's Hearing Voices". Later it was released as a single. In February 2005, the band released its debut album, "Silent Alarm". It received excellent reviews from many critics, and made "NME"'s Album of the Year list. The album was successful enough to reach platinum status in the UK a year later. The band released its second album, "A Weekend in the City", in 2007. This album reached number two on the UK album chart and number twelve on the "Billboard" 200. In August 2008, the band released their third album, "Intimacy". 4 years later, in 2012, the band released their fourth album, Four, and in 2016, the band released their fifth album, Hymns. History. Early days and first releases. Russell Lissack and Kele Okereke first met in 1998 in Essex. They saw each other again in 1999 at the Reading Festival and then decided to form a band. Bass guitar player Gordon Moakes joined after answering an advertisement in "NME", and drummer Matt Tong joined after an audition. They were called Union at the start, the band chose to call themselves Bloc Party in September 2003 as another way of saying "block party". The band have said in interviews that the name was not supposed to be related to the Soviet Bloc or the Canadian political party Bloc Québécois. However, Gordon Moakes said on the group's official Internet forum that the name was made by joining the eastern "Blocs" and the western "parties", in the political sense. Moakes also said that the name was not chosen only for this reason, but because it "looked, sounded, and seemed fine, so we went with it." In November 2003, Bloc Party had their song "The Marshals Are Dead" featured on a compilation album called "The New Cross" released by Angular Recording Corporation. They then released their debut single "She's Hearing Voices" on the record label Trash Aesthetics, which was new at the time. The band were first noticed after lead singer Okereke went to a Franz Ferdinand concert in 2003. He gave a CD of "She's Hearing Voices" to both lead singer Alex Kapranos and Radio One DJ Steve Lamacq. Afterwards, Lamacq played the song on his radio show. He called the track "genius", and he invited them to record a live session for the show. The success of the track led to the release of another single, "Banquet", which was released by Moshi Moshi Records. They went on to sign with independent label Wichita Recordings in April 2004. "Silent Alarm". Bloc Party's first album, "Silent Alarm", was released in the UK in February 2005 on Wichita Recordings. In the United States, it was released in March 2005 by Vice Records. It was given a lot of praise. It was voted as the "NME" album of the year for 2005, and reached number three on UK album charts before being certified platinum. The first single from the album, "So Here We Are", made the top 5 on UK charts. Further, the singles "Banquet", "Helicopter" and "Pioneers", managed to reach the UK top 20 but did not do as well as "So Here We Are". The animated music video for "Pioneers" was made by Shoreditch-based designers Minivegas. It was number one in the "NME" video charts for four weeks. The band got good reviews from critics in the United States, and they toured there a lot over 2006. At the start of 2006, they finished their tour with sold out shows in Los Angeles, Miami and Berkeley. It sold 350,000 copies in North America and over a million worldwide. After the success of the album, the established electronic group The Chemical Brothers soon collaborated with Okereke for "Believe", a track on the Brothers' "Push the Button" album. An album of remixes of tracks from "Silent Alarm" was released at the end of August in the UK. The album was called "Silent Alarm Remixed", and it kept the first album's song list. During July, Bloc Party recorded two new tracks with "Silent Alarm" producer Paul Epworth. The songs were released as an extended play called "Two More Years". The release of this EP came with another release of "Silent Alarm", which had on it both "Two More Years" and old single "Little Thoughts". "Two More Years" was released later at the same time as their October 2005 UK tour. The single also had a remix of "Banquet" done by The Streets, for which a music video was also made. The band also made the track "The Present" for the "" compilation album. The money raised from this album went to the War Child charity. In 2005, their album track "Like Eating Glass" was used on the soundtrack of a horror movie called "Cry Wolf". It was also remixed for use on Activision's skateboarding game "Tony Hawk's American Wasteland". "A Weekend in the City". Bloc Party's second album, "A Weekend in the City", was produced by Jacknife Lee. It was published by Wichita in the UK and Vice Records in the US and was released in February 2007. However, it was leaked in November 2006. It was released on the UK iTunes store before in shops, and reached second place in the Official UK Chart. The album did just as well in Australia and Belgium. It entered at number 12 in the "Billboard" 200, with 48,000 copies sold. The first single, "The Prayer", was released on 29 January. It became the single which did the best in the UK Top 40 for the band, reaching fourth place. Before the release of the album, BBC Radio 1 DJ Zane Lowe played a live recording of the band at the Maida Vale studio, featuring both old and new songs, on his radio show on 30 January 2007. On 1 February 2007, "A Weekend in the City" was made able free to listen to on the band's official MySpace page. The next single, "I Still Remember", was Bloc Party's highest charting single in America. It got to number 24 on the Modern Rock Chart. The band released their third single, "Hunting for Witches", in August 2007. The single was their only ARIA Chart entry, getting to number 20. In October 2007 Bloc Party said they would release a new single, "Flux", on 13 November—ahead of their end-of-year concerts. The electronic song, also produced by Jacknife Lee, was very different from previous singles released by the band. The band's first concert following the release of "A Weekend In The City" was on 5 February 2007, in Reading. It was played live on BBC 6 Music that night. On 20 May 2007, Bloc Party were the first band to play that year on the "In New Music We Trust" stage at the BBC Radio 1 Big Weekend at Preston. They also took part in the UK Live Earth concert on 7 July 2007 at Wembley Stadium. The band also played sets at T in the Park and Oxegen 2007 that same weekend, as well as Glastonbury and the Reading and Leeds Festivals. Bloc Party said that they would tour Australia and New Zealand in August 2007, which would include a special concert at the Splendour in the Grass Festival on 5 August. On 17 September 2007 they recorded a concert for the PBS show Austin City Limits. This was the day after playing at the Austin City Limits Music Festival. On 27 October 2007, the band performed with the Exmoor Singers, a London-based choir, as part of the BBC Electric Proms. They played songs from both "Silent Alarm" and "A Weekend In The City" along with the first UK live performance of "Flux". During 2007, Russell Lissack formed his side project group Pin Me Down with Melina Mepris. "Intimacy". "Mercury", the first single from Bloc Party's third album "Intimacy", was played on Zane Lowe's BBC Radio 1 show on 7 July 2008. It then appeared on the Radio 1 website fifteen minutes later. The exclusive followed a countdown timer which was put in place of the band's website for three days, which ended with a link to the Radio 1 website at the time of Lowe's radio show. Many fans were expecting new songs over the internet, with some being annoyed by the act. The song had an electronic sound like the last single, "Flux". During the first play of "Mercury" on Radio 1, Kele was with Zane Lowe, and said that Jacknife Lee and Paul Epworth would be producing the new album. It was also said that the single was to be released on 11 August 2008. The video was put out with the single. Bloc Party's third studio album has a new, electronic sound, even though Kele said this would not be the case. He had said before this that the sound would be as raw as "Silent Alarm", but as "experienced" as "A Weekend in the City". The band talked about the release of their third album with fans on a forum on 18 August 2008. The album then was made available for pre-order in many formats - an MP3 download with the CD release on 27 October 2008. "Trojan Horse", a song from the album, was made available to stream through "NME"'s website. On 20 August 2008, the band added more album tracks, "Signs" and "One Month Off", as well as "Trojan Horse", to their MySpace profile. On 23-24 August, 2008, the band played concerts at the Reading and Leeds Festivals. The band played set-opener "Mercury", as well as album track "One Month Off". A concert like that one followed a week later on 30 August 2008, when the band played as the main act at the Hydro Connect Music Festival, in Argyll, Scotland. During Autumn 2008, the band played in North America and Canada. They played at the Virgin Mobile Festival in Toronto on 6 September 2008, and had their first ever American college show at Syracuse University. They had their next live performance in the UK on 30 September 2008 with a special concert in London as part of Q Awards: The Gigs. As well as this, they played at the Glasgow date of MTV Two and Topman's "Gonzo on Tour" on 19 October 2008. On 8 September 2008, Bloc Party said that their next single, "Talons" would be released on 20 October 2008. The song was not able to be downloaded as part of the pre-order album released on August 27, but did appear on the full album release on 27 October 2008. It was also given to fans who had already bought the download-only album, given out after the song's first play on Zane Lowe's BBC Radio 1 show. After the digital release of "Intimacy", Bloc Party said to the public that they would go on another UK tour, starting on 25 January 2009 in Glasgow. They will then play in Manchester and Wolverhampton in the same month, with another gig in Wolverhampton on 1 February 2009. Their first UK tour since December 2007 will finish on 12 April 2009 in London. Also in early 2009, the band toured North America in many small places. In June 2009 they announced that their new single is called One More Chance. This song was not on Intimacy and was played on Radio One on the 18th of June 2009. It was released during August 2009. VfR Mannheim VfR Mannheim a German football team. It is in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg. The club was formed in 1911. SV Waldhof Mannheim SV Waldhof Mannheim is a German football club. It is in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg. The club was founded 1907. The club today has over 2,400 people. The team plays in the Regionalliga Süd the 4th German Football division. Popular science If a book or a TV show is about science, and is made easy so everyone can understand, then it is popular science. It is "popular" because it is made for the whole "population", not just for scientists. Nature documentaries are examples of popular science. Popular science is non-fiction, so it is not the same as "science fiction". Popular science is also not the same as "Science journalism". Science journalism is what journalists write to report the newest theories and discoveries made in science, but popular science is not always about what is newest. Some famous people who make popular science are David Attenborough, Isaac Asimov, Jacob Bronowski, Arthur C. Clarke, Martin Gardner, J.B.S. Haldane, Stephen Hawking, Bill Nye, and Carl Sagan. Popular science and scientific literature. When scientists write about their work, first they publish in scientific journals such as "Nature" and "Science". Then they may write books. The purpose of popular science is to show scientific literature in a way that different types of scientists, and people who are not scientists, will easily understand. When people take an idea from scientific literature and change it into popular science, important things about that idea may be left out or added in. Popular science is a bridge between the literature written for scientists, and the realms of popular writing which ordinary people use. The goal of the genre is to capture the methods and accuracy of science, while making the language more accessible. Popular science has its problems. Some popular science is made by people who do not understand the subject well. Some is made by people who have a strong bias. Some is part science and part pseudoscience. It can be hard for someone who is not an expert to tell which works of popular science are reliable. Museums, television programs and websites are also in the business of communicating science to the wider public. Not all of these are reliable. The oldest institution devoted to link science to the public may be the Gresham College, which was founded in 1597 in London. It was not entirely devoted to science. The Royal Institution in London has similar aims, and is devoted to science. It was founded in 1799. Both of these institutions have always given lectures by experts to the general public. Lullaby A lullaby is a song which is sung to help a baby or small child go to sleep. Composers of classical music often wrote pieces for instruments to play (very often for piano solo) which they called "lullaby". They also used the French word "Berceuse". Brahms wrote his famous "Wiegenlied" originally for a young singer, Bertha Faber, when she gave birth to her second son. Lullabies always have a gentle, rocking rhythm with a simple accompaniment. Frédéric Chopin's "Berceuse" is a lullaby for piano. Gabriel Fauré wrote one at the beginning of his "Dolly Suite" for piano duet. There are many other examples. Mothers sing lullabies to their children at bedtime. "Rock-a-bye Baby" and "Hush Little Baby" are two very well-known lullabies. There is an example of lullaby: "Rock-a-bye baby" "On the tree tops,""When the wind blows" "The cradle will rock." "When the bough breaks" "The cradle will fall," "And down will come baby" "Cradle and all." Lund Lund is a city in Scania, in the south of Sweden. About 80,000 people live there, which makes it the eleventh biggest city in Sweden. It is close to Malmö. The municipality has about 105,000 people. Lund is known for its university, Lund University (founded in 1666). It is the largest university in Scandinavia. The city is also known for its cathedral, Lund Cathedral ("Lunds domkyrka"). Lund is an old city. It was probably founded around the year 990, when Scania belonged to Denmark. Guadalcanal Guadalcanal is the biggest island in the Solomon Islands. During World War II, there was a battle there between the Americans and the Japanese. FC Eintracht Bamberg 1. FC Eintracht Bamberg is a football team in Bamberg, Upper Franconia Germany. In 1946 they were called 1. FC Bamberg and were in the "first Division". Now they play in the "Fourth Division", Regionalliga Bayern, with the new name, F.C. Eintracht Bamberg. FSV Frankfurt FSV Frankfurt is the second best football team in Frankfurt, Germany after Eintracht Frankfurt. In the season 2007/08 it became champion of the Regionalliga Süd. Since 2008 FSV Frankfurt plays in the 2. Bundesliga. Joachim Löw Joachim Löw (born 3 February 1960) is a former German football player who formerly managed the Germany national football team after being eliminated by England in the UEFA Euro 2020 Round of 16. He became a World Cup winning manager when his team won the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Honours. Managerial. VfB Stuttgart Tirol Innsbruck Austria Wien Germany Polyhydroxyalkanoates Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a biopolymer that is made by bacteria. It can break down naturally (it is biodegradable). PHA has the same qualities of plastic, but it uses renewable raw material such as sugar from crop, instead of finite natural resources such as crude oil, natural gas and coal. Some PHAs share properties with polypropylene, a plastic used to make ropes and packaging. Others are similar to rubber. SpVgg Bayreuth SpVgg Bayreuth is a German football team in Bayreuth, Bavaria. It was founded in 1921. The club was banned in 1933 by the Nazis but restarted shortly after World War II. SpVgg Bayreuth plays in one of the Fourths Divisions, the Bayernliga. In the season 2005/2006, they played in the Third Division, the Regionalliga. Today the play in the Fifth Division (Bayernliga Nord). Max Reger Max Reger (born in Brand, Bavaria, 19 March 1873; died 11 May 1916) was a German composer, organist, pianist and teacher. Life. Reger’s father was a schoolteacher who was an amateur musician. When he was a boy Max helped his father to rebuild an organ that was going to be thrown away. This was the instrument on which he learned to play. It was some time before he started proper lessons, but by the time he was a teenager he was playing the organ for church services. When he was 15 he went to Bayreuth to hear Wagner’s operas. This was the moment when Reger decided he wanted to become a musician. Reger studied music in Munich and Wiesbaden with a famous teacher Hugo Riemann. He composed a lot of music, especially for the organ. His musical style was similar to that of Brahms, but he also learned a lot from the music of Bach, Mendelssohn and Schumann. He liked the symphonic poems of Liszt and these gave him the ideas for writing chorale fantasies for the organ, although he never wrote music that tells a story (programme music). In 1902 Reger married. He and his wife adopted two children. In 1907 he became professor of composition at the University of Leipzig. He was a very good teacher. He became well-known abroad. He travelled to London where he spent hours in the art galleries. Then he bored his friends by talking all the time about the paintings. He conducted the orchestra at Meiningen, performing works by many composers, especially Brahms, Bruckner and his own. Reger enjoyed eating and drinking. He regularly went to his local café where he would eat ten large sausages and drink ten glasses of beer. His health got bad, and he died of a heart attack in Leipzig, where he was visiting friends on his way home from the Netherlands. Works. Reger wrote an enormous amount of music, but very little of it is played nowadays. He wrote in a late-Romantic style. He is best remembered for his organ music. He liked to write fugues and sets of Variations. His "Fantasy and Fugue on BACH" is one of the hardest pieces ever written for organ. He wrote a lovely song called "Marias Wiegenlied" ("Mary’s lullaby). Saint Stephen Saint Stephen () is known as the first martyr of Christianity. Therefore, he is also called the Protomartyr (). He is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church, as well as in the Eastern Orthodox Church. His feast day was historically kept on August 3. His name means 'laurel wreath' or 'crown' in Greek. His death is described in the Book of Acts. He was stoned to death for blasphemy and is remembered on the Feast of St. Stephen, December 26. The Dark Tower (series) The Dark Tower is a series of eight books by American writer Stephen King that tells the tale of lead character Roland Deschain's quest for the "Dark Tower." Jon Corzine Jon Stevens Corzine (born January 1, 1947) is an American politician. He was the 54th Governor of the state of New Jersey. He represented New Jersey in the United States Senate from 2001 until 2006, when he stepped down to take his seat as governor. On November 3, 2009, Jon Corzine lost re-election for another four years as governor. The person who won was Chris Christie, who became the governor on January 20, 2010. James McGreevey James Edward "'Jim"' McGreevey (born August 6, 1957) was the 52nd Governor of New Jersey. In 2004, he said that he was gay. He resigned as governor after he said he had an affair with a male employee. He was the first openly gay governor of any state in the history of the United States. Physical quantity In physics, a physical quantity is any physical property that can be quantified, that is, be measured using numbers. Examples of physical quantities are mass, amount of substance, length, time, temperature, electric current, light intensity, force, velocity, density, and many others. A physical quantity is always measured of natural non-living objects (Inanimate objects) The foundation of physics rests upon physical quantities in term of which the laws of physics are expressed. Therefore, these quantities have to be measured accurately. Physical quantities are often divided into two categories; base quantities and derived quantities. Derived quantities are those quantities which are derived from other physical quantities. Examples of derived quantities are force, velocity, acceleration etc. Helicopter rotor A rotor is the rotating part of a helicopter which generates lift, either vertically in the case of a main rotor, or horizontally in the case of a tail rotor. History and development. Before the development of powered helicopters in the mid 20th century, autogyro pioneer "Juan de la Cierva" researched and developed many of the basics of the rotor. Cierva is credited with successful development of multi-bladed, fully articulated rotor systems. This type of system is widely used today in many multi-bladed helicopters. Variations (music) In music, the word variation is to play a piece of music and change the notes or add parts into it but also making it sound like the piece of music in another way. Many composers wrote pieces which are examples of theme and variation. Sometimes the theme is one they made up, at other times they took a theme that another composer had already written and then made variations on it. There are lots of ways of varying a tune, and each variation will change it in a different way. A variation may play the tune much faster or much slower, it may change the tune by adding extra sharps and flats or other ornamental notes, or by playing the tune in octaves. It may change the harmony or the rhythm or use different instruments. It may combine the tune in different parts (counterpoint). History in music. Composers have used variations in music for centuries. In the Renaissance and Baroque periods composers wrote variations on a short tune in the bass which was repeated again and again. This was called a ground bass or sometimes it was a passacaglia or chaconne. Renaissance composers also liked writing what they called “divisions”. This meant varying a tune by playing it, for example, at twice the speed or half the speed etc. so that crotchets (quarter notes) became minims (half notes) or quavers (eighth notes). George Frideric Handel wrote a famous set of variations for harpsichord called "Harmonious Blacksmith", and Johann Sebastian Bach wrote the "Goldberg Variations", which was a set of 30 variations: a very long piece of music. It was written for a man who found it difficult to sleep at night, so he would ask his harpsichord player, whose name was Goldberg, to play to him. Many composers from the Classical, Romantic and 20th century classical music periods wrote sets of variations. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote several, one of which was based on a French folktune which we know in Britain as “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star”. Beethoven wrote several wonderful sets of variations. Many of them were for piano, but he also used the form in other pieces e.g. the slow movement of his . Schubert often wrote variations on tunes from his own songs. Other composers who wrote variations include Brahms, Elgar, Schoenberg, and Britten. Logo (programming language) Logo is a programming language that is easy to learn. It is used to teach students and children to program a computer. It was developed to process lists of words. It was like the language LISP. History. In 1967, the first Logo ran on a mainframe computer, a machine called a teletype was used to type in and printout the results. There was no screen. In 1969, it was used to control a Floor Turtle. Commands were added to send the turtle forwards and backwards, and to turn the turtle to left or right. This turtle had pen with different colors. When it moved, it left a trail on the floor. Versions. When a new version of Logo was developed to draw graphics on a screen, it used the same commands. This was called Turtle graphics. There are 170 versions of Logo. Many of them are open source and free. There are three Logo textbooks that can be downloaded free. Logo is usually an interpreted language. Examples. Hello World. Load the Logo program. Type the next line in the command box. print [Hello World!] The computer replies. Hello World! Example Showing Graphics and Functional Programming. A spiral drawn using recursion. Using the editor, type in this new definition. to spiral :size if :size > 30 [stop] ; a condition stop fd :size rt 15 ; many lines of action spiral :size *1.02 ; the tailend recursive call end Type this in the command box. spiral 10 On the screen you will see. Other websites. Logo Programs Online books Lisp (programming language) Lisp (used to be called LISP) is a programming language. It is among the oldest programming languages that are still used today. Only Fortran is one year older. Lisp was designed by John McCarthy in 1958. The best-known versions of LISP are Common Lisp, Scheme and Clojure. Many concepts that are used in modern programming languages were first created in Lisp. Linked lists are a very important data structure in Lisp. The basic concepts behind Lisp are easy to learn. Logo is another version of Lisp that was made for children. Logo can help young children develop skills and become efficient within the programming language. Simple examples (Scheme). In Lisp, operations are written in prefix notation, and they start and end with parentheses. For example, the formula formula_1 is written as: Because Lisp is a functional language, Lisp programs often use recursion to solve problems. Here is a Scheme program that finds the factorial of a number. The function (factorial n) starts by testing if formula_2 or not. If formula_3, then (factorial 0) is 1. If formula_4, then (factorial n) returns the product of formula_5 and the factorial of formula_6. (if (= n 0) 1 (* n (factorial (- n 1))))) Linked lists are an important idea in Lisp. The list without any things in it is known as the "empty" or "nil list", and is written as '(). A list that has things in it is written as '(dog cat). The operation car is used to get the first thing of a list. For example, The operation cdr returns everything in the list except for the first thing. Here is a hello world program in Scheme: Lambda calculus In mathematical logic and computer science, lambda calculus, also λ-calculus, is a formal system (a system that can be used to figure out different logical theories and ideas). It was made to explore different ways of creating and using mathematical functions, and it lays out rules for doing this. It is also a tool for exploring recursion, and it has been used to explain what a computable function is. It was made by Alonzo Church and Stephen Cole Kleene in the 1930s. In 1936, Church used lambda calculus to show that there is no solution to the Entscheidungsproblem. Lambda calculus can be called the smallest universal programming language. At its core, lambda calculus is made up of just one "transformation rule" (something called "variable substitution") and just one way to define a function. Each "function definition" has a list of the function's "parameters", which are all of the variables that can be used in that function. Variable substitution is where specific variables in a function are replaced by other values (for example, the value formula_1 could take the place of every spot in a function where the variable formula_2 appears). This is called a transformation rule because it can be used to "transform" lambda expressions by changing around their values. Lambda calculus is considered "universal" because it can be used to both create and find the answer to any computable function. This is exactly what a Turing machine can do, so lambda calculus and Turing machines are said to be equivalent. However, lambda calculus focuses more on the use of transformation rules. It does not care about the actual machine that puts those rules into place. It is an approach more related to software than to hardware. There is no way to answer the question of whether two lambda calculus expressions are the same as each other (in more specific words, there is no general algorithm that can show that two lambda expressions are equivalent). This was the first problem where the idea of undecidability could be proven. Later, undecidability was also proven for the halting problem, where it was shown that there is no general way to show whether or not a program will keep running forever. Lambda calculus has had large effects on lots of functional programming languages, such as LISP, ML, and Haskell. Family Jewels Family Jewels is a two disc compilation DVD by the Australian hard rock band AC/DC. It contains videos from the Bon Scott era to the Brian Johnson era. The compilation was released in 2005. Power transmission Power transmission is moving energy from where it is made to where it is used. Power is defined formally as units of energy per unit time. In SI units: 1 watt = 1 joule/s = 1 newton * metre/second (1W=1J/s=1N·m/s). Electrical power. With widespread establishment of power grids, power transmission has came to be associated most often with electric power transmission. Mechanical power. Electrical power transmission has replaced mechanical power transmission in all but the very shortest distances. From the start of the industrial revolution until the end of the 19th century mechanical power transmission was the norm. Factories were fitted with overhead driveshafts providing rotary power. Drivebelts would provide power to individual machines on the shop floor. Mechanical power may be transmitted directly using a solid structure such as a driveshaft; transmission gears can adjust the amount of torque or force vs. speed in much the same way an electrical transformer adjusts voltage vs current. Chemicals and fuels. Chemical energy is transmitted by moving fuels to generate power in distant places. Pipelines and other large infrastructure projects transport natural gas, petroleum and petroleum products for use as fuel. Ocean surface wave Ocean surface waves are surface waves that occur in the upper layer of the ocean. They usually result from wind. Some are made by geologic effects like earthquakes or vulcanicity and may travel thousands of miles before striking land. They range in size from small ripples to huge tsunamis. There is little actual forward motion of individual water particles in an unbroken wave, despite the large amount of energy and momentum it may carry forward. When a wave hits shallow water, it "breaks" because the bottom moves more slowly than the top. Wave formation. The great majority of large breakers one sees on an ocean beach result from distant winds. Three factors influence the formation of these "wind waves": All of these factors work together to determine the size and shape of ocean waves. The greater each of the variables, the larger the waves. Waves are measured by: Waves in a given area typically have a range of sizes. For weather reporting and for scientific analysis of wind wave statistics, their size over a period of time is usually expressed as "significant wave height." This figure represents the average height of the highest one-third of the waves in a given time period (usually twelve hours) or in a specific storm system or event. Given the variability of wave size, the largest individual waves are likely to be twice the reported significant wave height for a particular day or storm. Crest (physics) A crest is the point on a wave with the greatest positive value or upward displacement in a cycle. A trough is the opposite of a crest. When the crest and the trough of two waves of equal magnitude and frequency intersect or collide when in phase with each other the result is called constructive interference and the magnitudes double (above and below the line), when 180° out of phase the result is destructive interference with each other the resulting wave is the undisturbed line that is in the middle of the diagram having zero amplitude. In other words, the wave crest is called a peak. Trough A trough is a box-like drinking vessel for farm animals. Other senses of the word refer to things that are lower than their surroundings, like a trough: See also trow. Surface wave In physics, a surface wave can refer to a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media, usually two fluids with different densities. A surface wave can also be an electromagnetic wave guided by a refractive index gradient. For radio waves, a ground wave is a surface wave that propagates close to the surface of the Earth. Nausea Nausea is a general feeling of unease and discomfort in the stomach, often with the urge to vomit. The word "nausea" comes from the Latin word for seasickness. Nausea is a symptom, rather than an illness or disease. The causes for it very often are not in the stomach itself, but somewhere else in the body. Nausea is often caused by a stomach virus. Nausea is usually harmless, in the short term. A good treatment for it can be not to take solid food (and to only drink non-alcoholic drinks, like water). Nausea can also occur during pregnancy, and is quite normal in that context. People can suffer nausea without vomiting. Anxiety Anxiety is distress or uneasiness of mind caused by a fear of danger or misfortune. Very often, people with anxiety also feel worries. There can also be physical symptoms, like having a headache or an upset stomach. Anxiety is a very common human emotion and is often associated with fear, panic, and the fight or flight response. The amount of stress needed to cause anxiety will vary from person to person however, basics include: losing one's job, the death of a loved one, or an accident, to name a few. In most people, anxiety will settle over time and one will return to normal state. Some people suffer a lot of anxiety over a long period of time which controls them and makes their lives difficult. These conditions are called anxiety disorders and can be treated by therapy and medicine. General anxiety symptoms are things such as; continual tiredness / exhaustion, inability to relax, lack of confidence, low self-esteem, fear of public places, fear of socialising, frequent feelings of irrational anxiety / fear, compulsive behavior, worrying about making mistakes, regular nightmares, disturbed sleep patterns, excessive crying, headaches, stomach problems, diarrhea, nausea, aching muscles, and so on. Symptoms of anxiety attacks are things like; sweating, shaking and tremors, palpitations, shortness of breath, hyperventilating, racing heart beat, tingling in hands and feet, feeling of impending doom, feeling you are having a heart attack. There are more, but these are the usual ones. Medicine. These symptoms, more or less, define anxiety but they can also be signs of other problems, so the first port of call has to be a doctor or other health care professional. They will be able to define what the problem is exactly, and propose the appropriate treatment. A doctor’s first line treatment is usually through drug-based medication; for example antidepressants, anti-anxiety tablets and beta blockers. These can be very effective, but they all have side effects, some worse than others. This can tend to put folks off continuing with them. Note however, that many drugs that have been taken for a longer time, need to be stopped in a special way (usually, with the help of a doctor); simply stopping the drug can lead to withdrawal symptoms. Other non-drug therapies are becoming popular such as; self-hypnosis, meditation, yoga, cognitive behavioral therapy, counseling, acupuncture, etc. These are therapies to help people ‘manage’ or ‘cope’ with their anxiety and / or anxiety attacks. But what about the underlying cause(s) of anxiety? The two treatment types above focus on either reducing the symptoms of anxiety, or, helping a person cope with their disorder. They don’t seem to do anything about the underlying condition(s) that are causing the anxiety. And the very ‘fear’ of another anxiety attack can bring one on. As long as this irrational fear exists it’s very difficult to stop attacks and resolve the general anxiety. Eliminating this fear can prevent further attacks and get rid of the general anxiety much more effectively. Anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders are any sort of disorder caused by a major amount of anxiety. There are many different disorders, each of which may be diagnosed by a trained professional. Examples of such disorders are Non-medical, religious treatments. The state of anxiety can be calmed with the devotion of the Rosary that allows the person to pray and meditate with a great sense of peace. Lumbar puncture A lumbar puncture (often called spinal tap, by non-doctors) is a medical method to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (fluid from the brain). This can be done to analyse the sample, to find some hints to diseases. It can also be done to lower the pressure of the fluid inside the skull. Wave power Wave power means the use of ocean surface waves and the capture of that energy to do useful work—including electricity generation, desalination, and the pumping of water (into reservoirs). It makes use of the kinetic energy of the waves that are driven by the wind. Power from ocean surface wave motion might produce much more energy than tides. Tests have shown that it is possible to produce energy from waves, particularly in Scotland in the UK. But the technology is not as well developed as other renewable energy such as wind power or solar power. Port Royal Port Royal was a city in Jamaica. It was the focus of trade in Jamaica in the 17th century. It was known for its piracy, but also for the riches accumulated, and for the very bad moral values that could be found in the city. An earthquake in June of 1692 largely destroyed the city. Two thirds of the city sank into the Caribbean Sea. Today, the city is covered by at least 8 metres of water. The city is among the most important archaeological sites in the Ocean. Its role as a center for trade was taken over by Spanish Town, Jamaica, and later by Kingston. List of bridges in the United States List of bridges in the United States is a work in progress. Osborne's bull Osborne's bull was created as an advertisement for a sherry in 1956. Many people see it as the unofficial image of Spain. The bull is seen in semi-profile. The bulls used today are about 14 metres high, and are made out of about 70 plates of iron. There are many people who think it as a god. Desalination Desalination means any process that removes the excess salt and other minerals from water in order to obtain fresh water suitable for animal consumption or irrigation. Most desalination is by distillation. Some is by reverse osmosis or other methods. The main purpose is to make water for people to use. The salt is usually carried away as brine but in some places the solid salt is extracted. Desalination of brackish water is done in the United States in order to meet treaty obligations for river water entering Mexico. Several Middle Eastern countries have energy reserves so great that they use desalinated water for agriculture. Saudi Arabia's desalination plants account for about 24% of total world capacity. The world's largest desalination plant is the "Jebel Ali" Desalination Plant (Phase 2) in UAE. It uses multi-stage flash distillation, dual-purpose and it is capable of producing 300 million cubic meters of water per year. Methods. The traditional process used in these operations is vacuum distillation — essentially the boiling of water at less than atmospheric pressure, and thus a much lower temperature than normal. Due to the reduced temperature, energy is saved. Solar energy Solar energy is the transformation of heat, the energy that comes from the sun. It has been used for thousands of years in many different ways by people all over the world. The oldest uses of solar energy is for heating, cooking, and drying. Today, it is also used to make electricity where other power supplies are not there, such as in places far away from where people live, and in outer space. It is becoming cheaper to make electricity from solar energy. Because the Sun always gives heat and light, solar energy can be considered a renewable energy and an alternative to non-renewable resources like coal and oil. Energy uses. Solar energy is used today in a number of ways: Energy from the Sun. After passing through the Earth's atmosphere, most of the Sun's energy is in the form of visible light and infrared light radiation. Plants convert the energy in sunlight into chemical energy (sugars and starches) through the process of photosynthesis. Humans regularly use this store of energy in various ways, as when they burn wood off fossil fuels, or when simply eating plants, fish and animals. Solar radiation reaches the Earth's upper atmosphere with the power of 1366 watts per square meter (W/m2). Since the Earth is round, the surface nearer its poles is angled away from the Sun and receives much less solar energy than the surface nearer the equator. At present, solar cell panels convert, at best, about 15% of the sunlight hitting them into electricity. The dark disks in the third diagram on the right are imaginary examples of the amount of land that, if covered with 8% efficient solar panels, would produce slightly more energy in the form of electricity than the world needed in 2003. Types of technologies. Many technologies have been developed to make use of solar radiation. Some of these technologies make direct use of the solar energy (e.g. to provide light, heat, etc.), while others produce electricity. Solar power plants. Solar power plants convert sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using "concentrated solar power" (CSP). Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaics converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect. Rank. Solar cooker. Solar cooking uses the Sun as the source of energy instead of standard cooking fuels such as charcoal, coal or gas. Solar cookers are an inexpensive and environmentally sound alternative to traditional ovens. They are becoming widely used in areas of the developing world where deforestation is an issue, financial resources to purchase fuel are limited, and where open flames would pose a serious risk to people and the environment. Solar cookers are covered with a glass plate. They achieve a higher temperature by using mirrors to focus the rays of the sun. Solar heater. The Sun may be used to heat water instead of electricity or gas. There are two basic types of active solar heating systems based on the type of fluid — either liquid or air — that is heated in the solar energy collectors. (The collector is the device in which a fluid is heated by the Sun.) Liquid-based systems heat water or an antifreeze solution in a "hydronic" collector, whereas air-based systems heat air in an "air collector." Both air and liquid systems can supplement forced air systems. Solar cells. Solar cells can be used to generate electricity from sunlight. It is a device that converts light energy into electrical energy. Sometimes the term "solar cell" is reserved for devices intended specifically to capture energy from sunlight, while the term "photovoltaic cell" is used when the light source is unspecified. Solar cells have many applications. They have long been used in situations where electrical power from the grid is unavailable, such as in remote area power systems, Earth-orbiting satellites and space probes, consumer systems, e.g. handheld calculators or wrist watches, remote radiotelephones and water pumping applications. A large no. of solar cells are combined in an arrangement called solar cell panel that can deliver enough electricity for practical use. Electricity produced by solar panels can be stored in rechargeable solar batteries, which is then drawn upon when required. Photovoltaics Photovoltaics (PVs) are arrays of cells containing a solar photovoltaic material that converts solar radiation or energy from the sun into direct current electricity. Due to the growing demand for renewable energy sources, the manufacturing of solar cells and photovoltaic arrays has advanced considerably in recent years, and costs have dropped. Solar photovoltaics are growing rapidly, from a small base, to a total global capacity of 130,000 MW at the end of 2013. More than 100 countries use solar PV. Installations may be ground-mounted (and sometimes integrated with farming and grazing) or built into the roof or walls of a building. Panels. Photovoltaic solar panels come in many different voltages. The most common are 12 volts, 24 volts, and 48 volts. Like batteries, multiple solar panels can be connected together to produce higher voltages, for example, two 48 volt panels connected together would produce 96 volts. The inverter, batteries, and solar panels in a system are usually all of the same voltage. The advantage of a higher-voltage system is that thinner wire is used, which is less expensive and easier to pull through conduit. The disadvantage of a higher-voltage installation is that electric shock and arc flash become more of a hazard, so installations above 48 volts are usually only found in solar power plants or commercial buildings. A photovoltaic installation typically includes an array of solar panels, an inverter, rechargeable batteries (for use at night), a charge controller (a device that prevents the batteries from over-charging), two GFCI circuit breakers (one before the inverter and one after), and interconnection wiring. There is sometimes also a transformer after the inverter, which can power 240 volt heavy appliances such as a clothes dryer or oven. The transformer is often part of the inverter and can't be seen. Everything past the inverter (or transformer if there is one) is set up like a normal utility-fed installation (breaker panel, lights, outlets, switches, etc.). If there is no transformer, only 120 volt devices may be used. Installations without a transformer must be labelled as such on the breaker panel to alert future electricians that 240 volt appliances can not be installed. Some installations have direct current (DC) lighting and possibly DC appliances. The advantage of this is that for DC loads, the losses in the inverter are avoided. These installations will have a separate DC breaker panel connected before the inverter. For safety reasons, DC wiring cannot be run in the same conduit as AC wiring, and DC outlets must not accept an AC plug and vice versa. Solar Cells. A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that changes light energy into electricity. Photovoltaics are best known as a method for making electricity by using solar cells to change energy from the sun into a flow of electrons. The was first noticed by Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel in 1839. Practically all photovoltaic devices are some type of photodiode. Solar cells can be used to power tools or to recharge a storage battery. The first actual request of photovoltaics was to power orbiting satellites and other spacecrafts, but today the most photovoltaic modules are used for grid connected power creation. In this case a tool called an inverter is required to convert the direct current to alternating current. Cells require protection from the environment and are usually packaged tightly behind a glass sheet. When more power is required than a single cell can give off, cells are electrically connected together to form photovoltaic modules, or solar panels. A single module is enough to power an emergency telephone, but for a house or a power station the modules must be arranged in multiples as arrays. Solar cell Solar cells are semiconductor devices that convert light to electricity. They have many applications. They have long been used in situations where electrical power from the grid is unavailable, such as in remote area power systems, Earth-orbiting satellites and space probes, consumer systems, e.g. handheld calculators or wrist watches, remote radiotelephones and water pumping applications. More recently, they are starting to be used in assemblies of solar modules connected to the electricity grid through an inverter, often in combination with net metering. Solar cells are regarded as one of the key technologies of solar energy towards a sustainable energy supply. Three generations of development. First. The first generation photovoltaic consists of a large-area, single layer p-n junction diode, which is capable of generating usable electrical energy from light sources with the wavelengths of sunlight. These cells are typically made using a silicon wafer. First generation photovoltaic cells (also known as silicon wafer-based solar cells) are the dominant technology in the commercial production of solar cells, accounting for more than 86% of the solar cell market. Second. The second generation of photovoltaic materials is based on the use of thin-film deposits of semiconductors. These devices were initially designed to be high-efficiency, multiple junction photovoltaic cells. Later, the advantage of using a thin-film of material was noted, reducing the mass of material required for cell design. This contributed to a prediction of greatly reduced costs for thin film solar cells. Currently (2007) there are different technologies/semiconductor materials under investigation or in mass production, such as amorphous silicon, poly-crystalline silicon, micro-crystalline silicon, cadmium telluride, copper indium selenide/sulfide. Typically, the efficiencies of thin-film solar cells are lower compared with silicon (wafer-based) solar cells, but manufacturing costs are also lower, so that a lower price in terms of $/watt of electrical output can be achieved. Another advantage of the reduced mass is that less support is needed when placing panels on rooftops and it allows fitting panels on light materials or flexible materials, even textiles. This allows for portable roll-up solar panels, which can fit in a backpack and be used to power cell phones or laptops in remote areas. Third. Third generation photovoltaics are very different from the other two, broadly defined as semiconductor devices which do not rely on a traditional p-n junction to separate photogenerated charge carriers. These new devices include photoelectrochemical cells, Polymer solar cells, and nanocrystal solar cells. Companies working on third generation photovoltaics include "Xsunx, Konarka Technologies, Inc.", "Nanosolar" and "Nanosys". Research is also being done in this area by the USA's "National Renewable Energy Laboratory" (http://www.nrel.gov/). Alternating current An alternating current (AC) is an electric current of which magnitude and direction vary, unlike direct current, whose direction remains constant. This means that the direction of current flowing in a circuit is constantly being reversed back and forth. This is done with any type of AC voltage source. The usual waveform of an AC power circuit is a sine wave, because this leads to the most efficient transmission of energy. However, in certain applications different waveforms are used, such as triangular or square waves. Inexpensive power inverters produce a square wave with a pause between the change in direction. When one speaks of alternating current one mostly refers to the form in which electricity is delivered to businesses and residences. The AC comes from a power plant. The direction of the electricity switches back 60 times every second (or 50 times in some parts of the world). This happens so fast that a light bulb does not stop glowing. Both audio and radio signals carried on electrical wire are also examples of alternating current. In these applications, an important goal is often the recovery of information encoded (or modulated) onto the AC signal. History. Nikola Tesla experimented with electrical resonance and studied various lighting systems. He invented an induction motor, new types of generators and transformers, and a system of alternating current power transmission. William Stanley, Jr. designed one of the first practical devices to transfer AC power efficiently between isolated circuits. Using pairs of coils wound on a common iron core, his design, called an induction coil, was an early precursor of the modern transformer. The system used today was devised in the late nineteenth century, largely by Nikola Tesla. Contributions were also made by George Westinghouse, Lucien Gaulard, John Dixon Gibbs,Wilhelm Siemens and Oliver Shallenger. AC systems overcame the limitations of the direct current system used by Thomas Edison to distribute electricity efficiently over long distances. The Mill Creek hydroelectric plant was built near Redlands, California in 1893. Designed by Almirian Decker, it used 10,000 volt three-phase electric power which eventually became the standard method for power stations throughout the world. How it Works. AC power is cheaper and easier to make electronic devices. The power switches for AC power are also less expensive to make. It is less expensive than DC because you can increase and decrease the current very easily. AC can use high voltages with smaller current to reduce losses when you send power. AC reduces the heating in the wires. DC power could be sent, but it would lose a lot of energy and you would have to put more work in it to send it great distances. AC transformers are installed everywhere, including atop utility poles and underground. Alternating current works by switching the current many times back and forth constantly while it goes back to the source it came from. Direct current Direct current (DC or "continuous current") is the flow of electricity in a single direction, from the negative to the positive terminals (potential, poles). The direct current always flow in the same direction, distinguishing it from the alternating current (AC). Direct current used to be called "Galvanic current". Batteries are some of the main sources of direct current (DC), but many other sources also exist such as bridge rectifiers in power supply, solar panels, etc. Typically, the current goes through a conductor and other things that can carry DC. DC is also sent through a vacuum as in electron beams or ion beams. The first commercial electric power transmission was developed by Thomas Edison in the late nineteenth century using direct current. Today nearly all electric power distribution uses alternating current because of the advantages with transformers and transmission. High-voltage direct current is often used for transporting electricity to places far away. For applications requiring direct current, the alternating current is typically distributed to a substation and then converted to direct current. Long after the usage of direct current had been established, physicists realized that the current was made of negative electric charges, the electrons, and that the actual flow was from the negative to the positive pole (and so-called "holes" flow in the opposite direction), but by convention, the usage of the term was never changed. Snowmobile A snowmobile is a motorized vehicle used for travelling over snow. It is like a car, only instead of wheels, it has treads. Some snowmobiles have skis in the front for steering. Adding snowmobile studs to the tread decreases the time and distance it takes to stop a snowmobile. Once you make a decision to stop a snowmobile, the distance it will take to stop will be a combination of the speed of the machine, weight of the machine and the available friction and or the mechanical damping (which will equal the effective drag factor) between the snowmobile and the surface on which it is trying to stop. If the surface is icy or hard-packed, the mechanical damping portion of the effective drag factor is decreased, leaving you with only the friction provided by the tread to stop. Snowmobile studs made from steel or stainless steel with carbide tips are installed in the tread. The studs are designed for specific terrains in varying lengths, shapes and materials. The studs control acceleration, deceleration and maneuverability. The correct amount and type of stud installed in an effective pattern will produce the best traction results. The Remo Four The Remo Four were a rock band from Liverpool, England, from the late 1950s and early 1960s, at the same time the Beatles were starting their musical careers. While the Beatles gained experience performing in Hamburg, Germany, the Remo Four played at American Air Force bases in France. Members of the two bands were friends, and often played at the same places back in Liverpool, or would go to watch each other perform. After the Beatles became famous under Brian Epstein's management, Epstein signed up the Remo Four also. He worked hard to promote the band, but they never achieved massive success as the Beatles had. Epstein paired the Remo Four with a singer he also managed, called Tommy Quickly. They made a series of singles together, but none became hits. Quickly retired from music, and the Remo Four went on to work with other singers, including Billy J. Kramer. They also released an album, titled "Smile", on a German record label. George Harrison was invited to record a movie soundtrack in late 1967. Instead of working with the Beatles, he invited the Remo Four to work with him. The movie, "Wonderwall", got little exposure, but the soundtrack album, "Wonderwall Music", became a minor hit the next year. Magnitude (mathematics) The magnitude of a mathematical object is its size: a property by which it can be larger or smaller than other objects of the same kind. In mathematical language one would say: It is an ordering of the class of objects to which it belongs. The Ancient Greeks distinguished between several types of magnitude, including: They had proven that the first two could not be the same, or even isomorphic systems of magnitude. They did not consider negative magnitudes to be meaningful, and "magnitude" is still primarily used in contexts in which zero is either the lowest size, or less than all possible sizes. Real numbers. The magnitude of a real number formula_1 is usually called the absolute value or modulus. It is written as formula_2, and is defined by: This gives the number's distance from zero on the real number line. For example, the modulus of -5 is 5. Vector. The magnitude of a vector formula_3 is called its norm, and is usually written as formula_4. It measures the length of the vector. For a three-dimensional vector formula_5, the norm can be calculated using the formula formula_6. Practical math. A magnitude is never negative. When comparing magnitudes, it is often helpful to use a logarithmic scale. Real-world examples include the loudness of a sound (decibel), the brightness of a star, or the Richter scale of earthquake intensity. Because magnitudes are often not linear, they usually cannot be added or subtract in a meaningful way. Fraction (mathematics) A fraction is a number that shows how many equal parts there are. When we write fractions, we show one number with a line above (or a slash next to) another number. For example, formula_1, and 1/4.are different ways of writing the same fraction (in this case a quarter). The top number tells us how many parts there are, and the bottom number tells us the total number of parts. The top part of the fraction is called a numerator. The bottom part of the fraction is called a denominator. For example, for the fraction formula_1, the 1 is the numerator, and the 4 is the denominator. Mathematical fractions. A fraction is a mathematical expression relating two quantities or numbers, where one divides the other. When the two quantities are whole numbers (or integers), this is called a rational number (such as the fraction formula_6). When the two quantities are polynomials, this is called a rational function. Mathematically, a fraction is a quotient of numbers, representing the number's value when the numerator (upper number) is divided by the denominator (lower number). Thus formula_6 means one divided by two, or, in decimals, 0.5. To find formula_6 of formula_6, the denominators are multiplied, and because denominator 2 multiplied by 2 equals 4, we have that formula_6 x formula_6 = formula_1, or 0.5 x 0.5 = 0.25. To find formula_6 "divided by" formula_6, multiply formula_6 by the reciprocal of formula_6, which is 2. That answer is 1. Multiplying. To multiply two fractions, the first numerator is multiplied by the other numerator, and the first denominator is multiplied by the other denominator. For example. ' x ' = '. One can simplify this by dividing both numbers by a common factor. This would be ' after the simplication. Buckethead Brian Patrick Carroll, better known as Buckethead, is an American musician and songwriter. As of 2016 he has released 255 solo albums. He has performed on over 50 more albums by other music artists. His music spans many different styles and genres. When performing onstage Buckethead wears a white KFC bucket over his head and an expressionless plain white costume mask. Although he can play many different types of musical instruments, Buckethead is best known for his guitar playing. He has been voted as a top guitarist in many magazines dedicated to the topic of guitar playing. Buckethead records and performs onstage as a solo artist most of the time. He has also worked with a wide variety musicians including: Bill Laswell, Bootsy Collins, Bernie Worrell, Iggy Pop, Les Claypool, Serj Tankian, Mike Patton and Viggo Mortensen. Buckethead was a member of Guns N' Roses from 2000 to 2004. Buckethead has created music for movies such as: "Saw II", "Ghosts of Mars", "Beverly Hills Ninja" and "Last Action Hero". Quotient In mathematics, the quotient is the result of a division. For example, in the division of 6÷3, the quotient would be 2. Here, 6 is also called the dividend, and 3 the divisor. The quotient can thus be expressed as the number of times the divisor adds together into the dividend. On the other hand, a quotient can also mean just the integral part of the result of dividing two integers. For example, the quotient of 17 ÷ 5 would be 3 (since 5 goes into 17 at most 3 times), whilst the remainder, the leftover of the division, would be 2. Quotients also come up in certain tests, like the IQ test, which evaluates one's intelligence quotient. In this case, the quotient is the score of the test. In recent decades, as people begin to emphasize multi-dimensional personal development, other similar quotients (such as emotional quotient) are being developed and considered as well. Norman language Norman is a language spoken mainly in Normandy. It is a Romance language (a language which comes from Latin). It is closely related to French and is often called "Norman French". After the Norman Conquest, Norman changed the English language considerably. Users. Forms of the Norman are still used in the Channel Islands, No one now uses Sercquiais or Auregnais as their first language, but Jèrriais and Guernésiais are still used. Division (mathematics) In mathematics, the word "division" means the operation which is the opposite of multiplication. The symbols for division are the slash (formula_1) and the fraction line, as in: where each of the three expressions means "6 divided by 3", with 2 as the answer. The first number is the dividend (6), and the second number is the divisor (3). The result (or answer) of a division is the quotient, where any left-over amount as whole numbers is called the "remainder". For example, formula_4 gives quotient 3 with remainder 2, all expressed as the mixed number formula_5 or 3.5). The numbers involved in division can be very big, such as the case with two hundred: formula_6, or with 7 billion: formula_7 (where the quotient is equal to 7 million). With multiplication. If formula_8 times formula_9 equals formula_10, written as: where "formula_9" is not zero, then formula_10 divided by "formula_9" equals "formula_8", written as: For instance, since In the above expression, "formula_10" is called the dividend, "formula_9" the divisor and "formula_8" the quotient. Division by zero, as in is not defined. Notation. Division is most often shown by placing the "dividend" over the "divisor" with a horizontal line, also called a vinculum, between them. For example, formula_10 divided by formula_9 is written as This can be read as "a divided by b", or "a over b". A way to express division all on one line is to write the "dividend", then a slash, then the "divisor", like this: This is the usual way to specify division in most computer programming languages, since it can easily be typed as a simple sequence of characters. A typographical variation which is halfway between these two forms uses a slash, but elevates the dividend and lowers the divisor: Any of these forms can be used to display a fraction. A fraction is a division expression where both dividend and divisor are integers (in which case, the two numbers are typically referred to as "numerator" and "denominator"). A fraction is an accepted way of writing numbers. It is not always expected that the result of the division is written in decimals. In some non-English-speaking cultures, ""a" divided by "b" is written as formula_27. However, in English-speaking countries the colon is restricted to expressing the related concept of ratios (where formula_27 reads "a" is to "b""). Division Division could mean: Processes: Units/ Entities: Music: Miscellaneous: Divisor In mathematics, a divisor of an integer "n", also called a factor of "n", is an integer which divides "n" without leaving a remainder. The statement ""m" is a divisor of "n"" can be written as formula_1. Any number is always divisible by 1 and itself, which are two of the divisors. A prime number is a number with no other divisors. The positive divisors of a number "n", other than "n" itself, are the proper divisors of "n". Finding one or more factors of a given number is called factorization. Explanation. For example, 7 is a divisor of 42 because 42÷7 = 6. We also say that "42 is divisible by 7", "42 is a multiple of 7", "7 divides 42", or "7 is a factor of 42", and we usually write 7 | 42. For example, the positive divisors of 42 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 42. In general, we say that "m" divides "n" for non-zero integers "m" and "n", if and only if there exists an integer "k" such that "n" = "km". Thus, divisors can be negative as well as positive, although we often restrict our attention to positive divisors. (For example, there are six divisors of four, 1, 2, 4, -1, -2, -4, but one would usually mention only the positive ones, 1, 2, and 4.) 1 and -1 divide (are divisors of) every integer, every integer is a divisor of itself, and every integer is a divisor of 0, except by convention 0 itself (see also Division by zero). Numbers divisible by 2 are called even, and numbers not divisible by 2 are called odd. A divisor of "n" that is not 1, -1, "n" or -"n" is known as a non-trivial divisor; numbers with non-trivial divisors are known as composite numbers, while prime numbers have no non-trivial divisors. The name comes from the arithmetic operation of division: if "a÷b" = "c", then "a" is the dividend, "b" the divisor, and "c" the quotient. Spotting divisors. There are properties which allow one to recognize certain divisors of a number from the number's digits. Those properties can be used as "math tricks" to quickly spot some divisors of a number. For example, if the last digit is even (0, 2, 4, 6 or 8), then 2 is a divisor. If the last digit is 0 or 5, then 5 is a divisor. If the digits add up to a multiple of 3, then 3 is a divisor. For the number 340, ending in "0" then both 2 and 5 are divisors, plus 2×5 = 10 is also a divisor. Dividing by 10, 340/10 = 34, as finally 2×17. Combining all the smaller numbers, the 12 divisors of 340 are: Note that any number is always evenly divisible by 1 and itself. Remainder In arithmetic, the result of the division of two integers usually cannot be expressed with an integer quotient, unless a remainder—an amount "left over" after the division—is also accepted. The remainder for natural numbers. Given a natural number "a" and a non-zero natural number "d", it can be shown that there exist unique integers "q" and "r", such that "a" = "qd" + "r" and 0 ≤ "r" < "d". The number "q" is called the "quotient", while "r" is called the "remainder". The case of general integers. If "a" and "d" are integers with "d" being non-zero, then a remainder is an integer "r" such that "a" = "qd" + "r" for some integer "q", and with 0 ≤ |"r"| < |"d"|. When defined this way, there are two possible remainders. For example, the division of -42 by -5 can be expressed as either or So the remainder is then either 3 or -2. This ambiguity in the value of the remainder is not very serious; in the case above, the negative remainder is obtained from the positive one just by subtracting 5, which is "d". This holds in general. When dividing by "d", if the positive remainder is "r"1, and the negative one is "r"2, then The remainder for real numbers. When "a" and "d" are real numbers, with "d" being non-zero, then "a" can be divided by "d" without remainder, with the quotient being another real number. If the quotient is constrained to being an integer, however, the concept of remainder is still necessary. It can be proved that there exists a unique integer quotient "q" and a unique real remainder "r" such that "a"="qd"+"r" with 0≤"r" < |"d"|. Similar to the case of division of integers, the remainder could be required to be negative, that is, -|"d"| < "r" ≤ 0. Extending the definition of remainder for real numbers, as described above, is not of theoretical importance in mathematics; however, many programming languages implement this definition—see modulo operation for more. Remainder (disambiguation) Remainder is the amount "left over" when dividing two integers. Remainder could also mean: List of 20th Century Studios movies This is a list of movies produced and/or distributed by the U.S. movie studio 20th Century Studios (formerly 20th Century Fox). The company was founded on May 31, 1935 as a merger between Fox Film Corporation and 20th Century Pictures. For the movies of those two companies, see List of pre-1940 Fox films and List of 20th Century Pictures films. Andreas Starke Andreas Starke (SPD) (born 17 September 1956 in Hamburg) became the Lord Mayor of Bamberg in Bavaria, Germany in 2006. He won the election against Peter Neller (CSU), Ursula Sowa (Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) and Norbert Tscherner (BBB). Robert Enke Robert Enke (born 24 August 1977 in Jena, East Germany - died 10 November 2009, Neustadt am Rübenberge, Germany) was a German football player. He was a goalkeeper for the Germany football team. Football career. Enke started to play football at "BSG Jenapharm Jena", a local club in his city. In 1985 he came to the youth teams of Jena's major football club, Carl Zeiss Jena. On 11 November 1995, at the age of 18, he had his first professional match for Jena in the German 2. Bundesliga. In 1996, he came to Borussia Mönchengladbach in the German Bundesliga. From 1997 to 1999 he made fifteen matches for the German under-21 national team. In 1999 he was nominated as one of three goalkeepers of the national team and he went to the FIFA Confederations Cup in the same year. After leaving Germany in 1999 and playing in Portugal, Spain and Turkey, he was not nominated. In 2006, already playing two years back home, he was nominated as a stand-by goalkeeper for the world championships. After that he returned to the team, on 28 March 2007 he made his first match for the team (against Denmark). In May 2008 he became goalkeeper number two after Jens Lehmann who was already 38 years old. After the UEFA Euro 2008, Jens Lehmann left the national team. Since then, the goalkeepers changed often. On 8 October 2008, Enke broke his hand, so René Adler played his first match in the national team. Other goalkeepers who were tested were Manuel Neuer and Tim Wiese. Enke's last club was Hannover 96. He had a contract until the year 2010. In 2007 he became team captain in his club. He had played eight matches for the national team. His last match for the national team was on 12 August 2009 against Azerbaijan, his last club match was on 8 November 2009 against Hamburg. Private life. Enke and his wife had a daughter who died in 2006. She was two years old. In 2009 they adopted another daughter. Death. Enke died in the evening of 10 November 2009 when he was hit by a train near Neustadt am Rübenberge. His advisor said that Enke committed suicide. The next day, there was a press conference with Enke's widow and his psychiatrist. They said that Enke had had a major depressive disorder (depression) since the year 2003. Club career statistics. 200||0 57||0 10||0 1||0 268||0 International career statistics. !Total||8||0 Veliky Novgorod Veliky Novgorod (Russian: Вели́кий Но́вгород) is a city in the European part of Russia. It is the administrative center of Novgorod Oblast. It is about from St. Petersburg. In 2007 about 217,000 people lived there. "Novgorod" is the Russian word for "new city" and "Veliky" means "the Great". The city is actually one of the most historic in Russia. Its past can be traced to the 9th century. Yaroslav the Wise ruled there in the 11th century. It was the only Russian province that was "not" captured by the Golden Horde. Nizhny Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod (Russian:Ни́жний Но́вгород, often shortened to "Nizhny") is the fourth largest city in Russia. The first three are Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Novosibirsk. Nizhny Novgorod had a population of 1,311,252 in 2002, and one of 1,438,133 in 1989. It is the economic and cultural center of the vast Volga-Vyatka economic region, and also the administrative center of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and Volga Federal District. From 1932 to 1990 the city was known as Gorky (Russian: Го́рький) after the writer Maxim Gorky. Maxim Gorky Aleksei Maksimovich Peshkov (In Russian Алексей Максимович Пешков) (Old style: 16 March 1868, New style: 28 March – 18 June 1936), better known as Maxim Gorky (Максим Горький), was a Soviet/Russian author, a founder of the socialist realism literary method and a political activist. From 1906 to 1913 and from 1921 to 1929 he lived abroad, mostly in Capri, Italy; after his return to the Soviet Union he accepted the cultural policies of the time, although he was not permitted to leave the country. Ankh The ankh was the Egyptian hieroglyphic character that stood for the word ʿnḫ, meaning life. Egyptian gods are often portrayed carrying it by its loop, or bearing one in each hand, arms crossed over their chest. It is also known as the Egyptian Cross, or as crux ansata, Latin for "cross with a handle". "Ankhs" are viewed as a protective symbol. Many Ancient Egyptian Gods are seen holding this item. Ingrid Bergman Ingrid Bergman (29 August 1915 – 29 August 1982) was a Swedish actress. Biography. Born in Stockholm, Bergman enrolled at Royal Dramatic Drama School. She began acting in Sweden before moving to Hollywood in 1939. Her first movie was a remake of a Swedish movie "Intermezzo". Bergman starred in movies "Casablanca" (1942), "Gaslight" (1944), "Spellbound" (1945) and "Notorious" (1946). She was nominated for seven Academy Awards. Her last role was in a television miniseries "Golda Meir" (1982). Bergman married Roberto Rossellini in 1950. She had a daughter Pia (born 1938) by her first husband Dr. Lindström, and a son Robertino (born 1950) and twin daughters Isabella Rossellini and Isotta (born 1952) with Rossellini. Bergman died of breast cancer in London, England. Ruwer-Hochwald-Radweg The Ruwer-Hochwald-Radweg is a cycle trail. It links the Moselle-valley and the Hunsrück from Trier to Hermeskeil in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The length is about : Novosibirsk Novosibirsk (Russian: Новосиби́рск, pronounced ) is Russia's third largest city, after Moscow and Saint Petersburg, and the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast. It is also the largest city in Siberia and the administrative center of Siberian Federal District. It is in the southwest of this district. History. It was founded in 1893 as the future site of the Trans-Siberian railway bridge crossing the great Siberian river Ob. Its importance further increased early in the 20th century with the completion of the Turkestan-Siberia Railway connecting Novosibirsk to Central Asia and the Caspian Sea. The settlement became city in 1903. City name may be translated as New Siberian. From 1893 until 1925 Novosibirsk was called Novonikolayevsk. During the Great Patriotic war of the Soviet Union a lot of factories from the west parts of the country were evacuated here. In 1986 Novosibirsk became the first city in Siberia having a metro system. The city lies along the Ob River in the West Siberian Plain. To the south is the Ukok Plateau part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site entitled "Golden Mountains of Altai". Climate. The climate is sharply continental, with very severe, cold and snowy winters and hot and dry summers. Temperatures in summer range from 10 to 30 °C (50...85 °F), in winter -5 to -25 °C (20...-10 °F), but can reach -45 °C (-50 °F) in winter and 35 °C (95 °F) in summer. The difference between the highest and the lowest temperature is 83 °C (181 °F). Most of the time the weather is sunny, with an average of 2880 hours of sunshine per year. Economy. Industries include machine manufacturing and metallurgy. It is the home of one of Novosibirsk State University (in nearby Akademgorodok), a number of institutes and a scientific research center. Novosibirsk has opera and ballet companies, several theaters, museums, and art galleries, and numerous sports facilities. Transportation. West Siberian railway control organization is located in the city, on the Vokzalnaya magistral street beginning near Novosibirsk Glavny rail terminal. In 1986 Novosibirsk metro started its working. It became the first subway system in Siberia. Also, the city has tram, trolley and bus systems. Tolmachevo international airport is located in Novosibirsk area. Alice Springs Alice Springs is a city in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is 200 km south of the centre of mainland Australia. It is about halfway between Darwin in the north and Adelaide in the south. In 2005 there were 26,486 people living in Alice Springs. This makes it the second largest town in the Northern Territory. Alice Springs is often called "the Alice" or simply "Alice.” It is called "Mparntwe" by the Arrernte. The Arrernte people are the Aboriginal people who have lived around Alice Springs for more than 50,000 years. History. Indigenous History. According to the Arrernte traditional stories, the land around Alice Springs was shaped by caterpillars, wild dogs, travelling boys, two sisters, euros and other ancestral figures. There are many sites of traditional importance in and around Alice Springs. These include Anthwerrke (Emily Gap), Akeyulerre (Billy Goat Hill), Ntaripe (Heavitree Gap), Atnelkentyarliweke (Anzac Hill) and Alhekulyele (Mt. Gillen). Early city. In 1862, John McDouall Stuart led an expedition into Central Australia and the area where Alice Springs is located. Until the 1930s the town was known as Stuart. The Australian Overland Telegraph Line that joined Adelaide to Darwin and Great Britain was completed in 1872. It followed Stuart’s route. It opened up the interior for permanent European settlement. When surface alluvial gold was found at Arltunga, 100 km east of Alice Springs, in 1887 many people began to move into the area. The telegraph station was built near a waterhole in the normally dry Todd River. It was thought to be a permanent source of water, and was named Alice Springs. Alice was the wife of the former Postmaster General of South Australia, Sir Charles Todd. The Todd River was named after Sir Charles. The original method of travel in the outback were camels. These camel trains were run by people from Pathan tribes in the North-West frontier of India and Pakistan. They were wrongly called ‘Afghans’ in Australia. In 1929 the Palmerston and Pine Creek Railway was built from Darwin as far as Birdum, Northern Territory. The Great Northern Railway had been built in 1891 from Port Augusta as far as Oodnadatta, South Australia. The lines wouldn’t meet until 2003. On February 4, 2004, the first passenger train arrived in Darwin. During the 1960s Alice Springs became an important defence base. About 700 people work at the US/Australian Pine Gap joint defence satellite monitoring base. The major industry in recent times is tourism. Geography and climate. Topography and climate. The town of Alice Springs built on the banks of the usually dry Todd River. It is on the northern side of MacDonnell Ranges. The region where Alice Springs is located is known as Central Australia, or the Red Centre. It is a very dry region, made up of several different deserts. Temperatures can vary by up to 28 °C. In summer the average highest temperature is in the high 30s. In winter the average lowest temperature can be -7.5 °C. The rainfall can vary quite a lot from year to year. The annual average rainfall is 286 mm. In 2001 741 mm fell, but in 2002 only 198 mm fell. Economy. Alice Springs began as a town to supply the cattle farms that first came to the area. The arrival of the railway increased its economy and productivity. Today the town supplies a region of 546,046 square kilometres. There are 38,749 people living in the region. The region includes a number of mining and farm communities, the Joint Defence Facility at Pine Gap and tourist attractions. The people. In June 2004, 38,749 people lived in the region. There were 26,058 people living in the city of Alice Springs. Aboriginal people made up about 37% of people in the Alice Springs region in 2001. Aboriginal population. According to the 2001 census, Australian Aborigines are about 17% of the people in Alice Springs, and 29% of the people in the Northern Territory. Alice Springs is the business centre of Central Australia. Aboriginal people come from all over the region to use the town's services. Aboriginal residents usually live in the suburbs, on special purpose leases (or town camps). Some live farther out at Amoonguna to the south. Many live on the small family outstation communities on Aboriginal Lands in surrounding areas. The traditional owners of the Alice Springs area are the Central Arrernte people. As it is the largest town in central Australia, there are also speakers of at least thirteen other languages. American influence. The American influence in Alice Springs comes from Pine Gap, a US satellite tracking station. It is 19 km south-west of Alice Springs. Pine Gap employs 700 American and Australians. There are about 2,000 people in the Alice Springs region who are US citizens. American influence can be seen throughout Alice Springs. The Americans still celebrate all major festivals, including Halloween, Independence Day and Thanksgiving. A number of Australians also join in the festivities from time to time. There is also American sport, including baseball, basketball, and American football. Visitors. Alice Springs has a large number of visitors up of: Education. Alice Springs has 19 public and private schools and colleges. This includes 2 for aboriginal students, 7 pre-schools and the Alice Springs School of the Air. The School of the Air provides education to students in remote areas. The Alice Springs Campus of Charles Darwin University offers courses in TAFE and Higher Education. The Centre for Appropriate Technology was established in 1980. It has a range of services to encourage and help Aboriginal people improve their quality of life on remote communities. Sport. Australian Rules Football is a popular sport in Alice Springs. The Central Australian Football League has several teams and many people play. The sport is very popular in Indigenous communities. The local stadium, Traeger Park, can hold 10,000 people. It was built to hold national AFL and international cricket matches. In 2004, an AFL pre-season Regional Challenge match between Collingwood Football Club and Port Adelaide Football Club filled the stadium. Cricket is also a popular sport in Alice Springs. The Imparja Cup Cricket Carnival started in 1994. Teams from Indigenous communities come from all across Australia. A unique sporting event, held every year, is the Henley-on-Todd Regatta. This is also known as the Todd River Race. It is a sand river race with bottomless boats. It is the only dry river regatta in the world. Another unusual sporting event is the Camel Cup. This is also held every year at the local racetrack, Blatherskite Park. It is a full day event with races using camels instead of horses. Recital A recital is a concert of classical music given by just one musician or one musician and an accompanist. A pianist playing a concert by himself will be giving a "piano recital". A "violin recital" will be given by a violinist and piano accompanist. People started talking about "recitals" in the middle of the 19th century. Pianists such as Liszt became famous when they travelled about giving piano recitals. Soon piano manufacturers (firms that make pianos) and concert agents started to sponsor famous pianists to give recitals. These great pianists became great stars in the way that, in music, only opera singers had been great stars before. Some concert halls have become well-known places for recitals, e.g. the Bosendorfersaal in Vienna, the Beethovensaal in Berlin, the Wigmore Hall in London and the Carnegie Hall in New York. Some pianists became known for playing recitals of music by just one composer. Recitals of Chopin's music were particularly popular. "Song recitals" (or "vocal recitals") are given by singers who sing Lieder and sometimes arias from operas. Program music Programme music (or "program music" in US English) is music for instruments which describes something or tells a story. It is the opposite of "absolute music" which is not trying to describe anything, just the sound of the piece. Programme music was very popular in the 19th century although some programme music was written earlier. History. Some composers in the Renaissance and Baroque periods wrote music which described battles. Antonio Vivaldi wrote a very famous set of four concertos for violin and strings called "The Four Seasons". Each of the movements describe things happening during the year's seasons, e.g. the birds singing in the spring, snowy winter days, etc. At the start of the 1800s, Beethoven wrote a pastoral symphony, Symphony No. 6 "Pastorale", which describes the peaceful life in the countryside. This way of making music describe things became very popular with Romantic composers. Mendelssohn wrote "concert overtures" which had nothing to do with an opera but were simply short pieces of music for orchestra which told a story. "Hebrides Overture", for example, describes the feel of the sea lapping into Fingal's Cave in the Scottish Inner Hebrides. Franz Liszt made programme music very popular in his symphonic poems. Hector Berlioz's "Symphonie Fantastique" describes a story he made up himself about a man who has dreams about a woman he loves. The woman he loves is represented by a tune (melody) which is heard in different ways during the symphony. It is called an "idée fixe" (French for "fixed idea"). This way of linking a theme (tune) with a person led to Wagner's use of leitmotif in his operas in which a tune is linked to a person, event or idea. At the start of the 19th century Richard Strauss wrote several symphonic poems, often using a leitmotif to describe the person it is about. They include "Don Juan", "Don Quixote" and "Ein Heldenleben" ("A hero's life"). Anaerobic organism An anaerobic organism is any living thing that does not need oxygen for growth. Microaerophiles are organisms that may use oxygen, but only at low concentrations (low micromolar range); their growth is inhibited by normal oxygen concentrations (approximately 200 micromolar). Nanaerobes are organisms that cannot grow in the presence of micromolar concentrations of oxygen, but can grow with and benefit from nanomolar concentrations of oxygen. Obligate anaerobes may use fermentation or anaerobic respiration. In the presence of oxygen, facultative anaerobes use aerobic respiration; without oxygen some of them ferment, some use anaerobic respiration. Aerotolerant organisms are strictly fermentative. Microaerophiles carry out aerobic respiration, and some of them can also do anaerobic respiration. Some anaerobic bacteria produce toxins (e.g., tetanus or botulinum toxins) that are highly dangerous to higher organisms, including humans. Tetanus Tetanus is a disease that leads to muscle contractions that stay that way for some time. Infection generally occurs through wound contamination, and often involves a cut or deep puncture wound. The primary symptoms are caused by tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin produced by the anaerobic bacterium "Clostridium tetani". As the infection goes on, muscle spasms develop in the jaw. This led to the common name of the condition, lockjaw. This is usually followed by difficulties with swallowing. The condition leads to general muscle stiffness and spasms in other parts of the body. Infection can be prevented by proper immunization and by post-exposure prophylaxis. Immunization Immunization is a way of preventing a person from getting a disease. This is done by making the person's body come into contact with a bit of the disease so that the body learns how to fight it. The body's ability to fight off a disease is called its immune system. The material is known as an immunogen. Immunization is the same as inoculation and vaccination because inoculation and vaccination use an infecting agent (something that infects) in the same way that immunization does. When the human immune system is exposed to an infection once, it can learn how to cope quickly if it is exposed to it again. By exposing an individual to an immunogen in a controlled way, the body will be able to protect itself from that infection later on in life. Whipped cream Whipped cream is a dairy food used in many desserts. It is made with heavy cream, a type of cream that contains a large amount of fat. Preparation. To make whipped cream, a person whips or beats the heavy cream with a whisk or an electric mixer until it becomes fluffy and filled with air. For some desserts, icing sugar can be added as a sweetener. Some people also add flavourings to whipped cream, such as vanilla. Serving. Whipped cream is used in many types of desserts. Some desserts, such as apple pie or strawberry shortcake, are often served with whipped cream on top. Whipped cream is also served in milk shakes, Alex's coffee, and on ice cream sundaes. Some desserts have whipped cream inside them, such as cream puffs and eclairs. Tetanospasmin Tetanospasmin is the neurotoxin produced by the vegetative spore of "Clostridium tetani" in anaerobic conditions, causing tetanus. It is sometimes called spasmogenic toxin, tetanus toxin or abbreviated to TeTx or TeNT. Neurotoxin A neurotoxin is a toxin that acts specifically on nerve cells – neurons – usually by interacting with membrane proteins and ion channels. Many of the venoms and other toxins that organisms use in defense against vertebrates are neurotoxins. A common effect is paralysis, which sets in extremely rapidly. The venom of bees, scorpions, pufferfish, spiders and snakes can contain many different toxins. Many neurotoxins act by affecting voltage-dependent ion channels. A man named Clairvius Narcisse was dead and came back to life again because the locals used neurotoxin on him to bring him back to life. He was buried in Haiti in 1964. Paralysis Paralysis is the complete loss of muscle function for one or more muscle groups, when the thing that is paralysed cannot move. Paralysis is most often caused by damage to the nervous system or brain, especially the spinal cord. Major causes are stroke, trauma, poliomyelitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), botulism, spina bifida, multiple sclerosis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Partial paralysis can also occur in the REM stage of sleep (see:Sleep paralysis). Paralysis often includes loss of feeling in the affected area. Membrane protein A membrane protein is a protein molecule that is attached to, or associated with the membrane of a cell or an organelle. 20–30% of all genes in genomes code for membrane proteins. They are targets of over 50% of all modern medicinal drugs. Function. Membrane proteins perform a variety of functions vital to the survival of organisms: Tampa Bay Buccaneers The Tampa Bay Buccaneers are an American Football team in the National Football League (NFL). They are a part of the Southern Division of the National Football Conference. The Buccaneers are from Tampa, Florida. The team was founded in 1976, and are the champions from Super Bowl XXXVII in 2002. The current head coach is Bruce Arians. Their quarterback is Tom Brady. The name "Buccaneer" comes from certain pirates who would raid the western coast of Florida in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The Buccaneers play in Raymond James Stadium located in Tampa, Florida. The Buccaneer's division rivals include the New Orleans Saints, the Carolina Panthers and the Atlanta Falcons. Their in state rivals include the Miami Dolphins and the Jacksonville Jaguars. The Buccaneers have 3 players in the NFL Hall of fame: Lee Roy Selmon, Warren Sapp, and Derrick Brooks. They are the first team to play the Super Bowl on their homefield, as Super Bowl LV is hosted in Tampa, after defeating the Green Bay Packers in the NFC Championship game. Tampa played the Kansas City Chiefs in the Super Bowl. They won the game 31-9 against the Kansas City Chiefs. Obelus An obelus (plural, obeli) is a symbol of a line with dots above and below, formula_1, and is used to represent the division operation in mathematics. Because of that, this symbol is also known as a division sign. The word "obelus" comes from the Greek word for a sharpened stick, spit, or pointed pillar. This is the same root as that of the word "obelisk". The obelus was first used as a symbol for division in 1659, in the algebra book "Teutsche Algebra" by Johann Rahn. Today, the obelus is used occasionally, mostly as a standalone symbol for the division operation itself (as on a calculator), or as an operator in elementary arithmetic. In most cases, division is now represented using other ways, often by a forward slash (/), also known as "solidus". Vinculum (symbol) A vinculum is a horizontal line put over a mathematical expression. It shows that it belongs together as a group. ("Vinculum" is Latin for "chain".) Examples are: 1. groups of digits repeating forever, for example, 2. fractions 3. radicals (in the following example the quantity formula_3 is the radicand, and thus has a vinculum over it): Colon (punctuation) The colon (:; horizontal: ܅) is a punctuation mark, simply consisting of two equally sized dots centered on the same vertical (up/down) line. Punctuation. Use in prose. A colon is a more significant pause than a semicolon. It is usually used to contrast two parts of a sentence: History. The colon's first appearance in English text is marked by the "Shorter Oxford English Dictionary" as 1589. Diacritical usage. A special double-triangle colon symbol is used in IPA to indicate that the preceding sound is long. Its form is that of two triangles, each a bit larger than a point of a standard colon, pointing toward each other. It is available in Unicode as modifier letter triangular colon, Unicode U+02D0 (). A regular colon is often used as a fallback when this character is not available, or in the practical orthography of some languages (particularly in Mexico), which have a phonemic long/short distinction in vowels. Mathematics. The colon is also used in mathematics, cartography, model building and other fields to denote a ratio or a scale, as in 3:1 (pronounced "three to one"). A betting odd of the form formula_1 corresponds to the probability formula_2. Unicode provides a distinct ratio character, Unicode U+2236 () for mathematical usage. In many non-English-speaking countries, the colon is used as a division sign: "a divided by b" is written as a : b. The combination with an equal sign, formula_3, is used for definitions. Computing. In computing, the colon character is represented by ASCII code 58, and is located at Unicode code-point U+003A. The full-width (double-byte) equivalent, ：, is located at Unicode code point U+FF1A. The colon is quite often used as a special control character in many operating systems commands, URLs, computer programming languages, and in the path representation of several file systems. It is often used as a single post-fix delimiter, signifying the immediate precedence of a token keyword or the transition from one mode of character string interpretation to another related mode. Some applications, such as the widely used MediaWiki, use the colon as both a pre-fix and post-fix delimiter. For a double-colon, "::" the meaning has included the use of ellipsis, as spanning over omitted text; however, there have been other meanings as well. Internet usage. On the Internet (online chats, email, message boards, etc.), a colon or multiple colons is sometimes used to denote an action or emote. In this use, it has the inverse function of quotation marks—denoting actions where unmarked text is assumed to be dialog. For example: Colons may also be used for sounds (as with ":Click:"). One can contrast this use with the use of outer asterisks (for example, *cough* would denote that the speaker is coughing, as opposed to saying the word 'cough'). It also has the widespread usage of representing two vertically aligned eyes in a emoticon, such as :-), :( :P, :D, :3, etc Colon (disambiguation) Colon could mean: Tomorrow Never Knows Tomorrow Never Knows is a song from The Beatles's "Revolver" album, from 1966. John Lennon wrote the song based on his readings of "The Psychedelic Experience", which adapted the "Tibetan Book of the Dead" for use as an LSD "user's manual", intending to give users a kind of religious experience. The song's title came from his bandmate Ringo Starr, who was known for his but insightful comments about life. Lennon wanted the sound of monks , to complement the Beatles' recording of the song. It was not possible to do this, but Lennon's voice was played through a special speaker (called a Leslie speaker), to give it a sound, like a voice calling from a hilltop. Other sounds on the record came from tape loops, playing over and over, and from a sitar. The song has also been recorded by other artists. A dance cover version appeared in the 1990s. Gone with the Wind (movie) Gone with the Wind is the 1939 American movie based on Margaret Mitchell's book of the same name. It premiered in Atlanta, Georgia. It stars Clark Gable, Vivien Leigh, Leslie Howard and Olivia de Havilland. The movie tells the story of the American Civil War from the perspective (view point) of a young southern woman named Scarlett O'Hara. The movie was very popular at the time. Considering inflation, it is the highest-grossing movie of all time. The movie has been criticized for inaccurately showing slavery and the South, but the movie changed how African Americans appeared on the screen. "Gone with the Wind" is considered one of the greatest movies of all time. Plot. It is the year 1861 and right before the American Civil War. Scarlett O'Hara lives with her parents, two sisters, and slaves at a plantation in Georgia. The plantation is called Tara. Scarlett is in love with Ashley Wilkes, but he will be marrying Melanie Hamilton. At a party at the plantation Twelve Oaks of Ashley, one guest Rhett Butler admires Scarlett. Scarlett is more interested in Ashley. News of the start of the Civil War interrupts the party. Men go racing about to enlist in the war. Scarlett marries Melanie's younger brother Charles. She does this to make Ashley jealous. Charles dies in the war, and Scarlett goes to Atlanta. There she appears at a charity bazaar in black mourning clothing and dances with Rhett. The Confederates lose at the Battle of Gettysburg, and Union troops start entering the city of Atlanta. At the same time, Scarlett helps Melanie give birth to a child. They and Rhett flee the city. Rhett returns to the fighting, and Scarlett, Melanie and Prissy return to Tara. The place is a wasteland. The slaves Mammy and Pork, her father, and two sisters are there. Scarlett promises to make sure her family survives. Scarlett and her sisters work in the field. Their father dies trying to chase away a carpetbagger. The Confederates lose the war and Ashley returns. Scarlett wants to run away with him. He kisses her, but he says he cannot leave Melanie. Scarlett tricks Suellen's fiancé into marrying her to pay the high Reconstructionist taxes. One night, Scarlett is on the road and attacked. Frank, Ashley, Rhett, and others raid the town of the attack, and Frank dies. Later Scarlett accepts a marriage proposal of Rhett. Rhett and Scarlett have a daughter called Bonnie Blue. Scarlett still likes Ashley and does not want any more children. Ashley's sister one day sees Scarlett and Ashley embracing and spreads rumors. Rhett hears about it and forces Scarlett to attend Ashley's birthday party. Melanie stands by her. When Scarlett returns home, Rhett is drunk and forces her to have sex. Rhett apologizes the next day. He says she can divorce, but she refuses. Rhett goes to London. When he returns, she says she is pregnant again. They argue, and Scarlett falls down the stairs and has a miscarriage. Later Bonnie dies trying to jump a fence with her pony. Melanie is very sick from her new pregnancy. Scarlett comforts Ashley and realizes that she loves Rhett. Scarlett pleads with Rhett, but he leaves her. She promises to win him back again. Production. Casting. Selznick wanted Clark Gable to star as Rhett Butler. Selznich had to make a deal with MGM to get Gable. Selznick would have to pay Gable's salary directly. It took a long time to find the right actress for Scarlett. Many other famous actresses were considered. Katharine Hepburn wanted to have the role, but was rejected. The following actresses were screen-tested: Ardis Ankerson, Jean Arthur, Tallulah Bankhead, Diana Barrymore, Joan Bennett, Nancy Coleman, Frances Dee, Ellen Drew (as Terry Ray), Paulette Goddard, Susan Hayward, Vivien Leigh, Anita Louise, Haila Stoddard, Margaret Tallichet, Lana Turner and Linda Watkins. Selznick worked with Susan Myrick to get the Southern accents correct. Screenplay. Selznick wanted Victor Fleming, who directed "The Wizard of Oz" to be director. Fleming did not like the script. Screenwriter Sidney Howard and Selznick revised the script a couple times. Others participated in the writing, but it is unclear how much each wrote. Filming. Selznick had Director George Cukor removed after three weeks. Several people and some of the actors did not like it. Victor Fleming would end up directing the movie. Most of the movie was shot at "the back forty". This was a movie studio backlot. At the time, it was owned by Selznick International. Other locations were in Los Angeles County and neighboring Ventura County. For the house Tara and the burning of Atlanta, facades were used. The movie was expensive to make. Some estimate it was $3.85 million. Music. The score has several love themes. The music includes folk and patriotic songs such as "Louisiana Belle", "Dolly Day", "Ringo De Banjo", "Beautiful Dreamer", "Old Folks at Home", and "Katie Belle","Marching through Georgia" by Henry Clay Work, "Dixie", "Garryowen", and "The Bonnie Blue Flag". The most famous theme is Tara's Theme.   Release. The movie was first released at Fox Theatre in 1939. There was a standing ovation. When it was released in Atlanta, there were 300,000 visitors. There were several festivities including a parade. There were three days of parties in which the stars of the movie wore costumes and many stores in the city redecorated to look like they would have in the Civil War. Victor Fleming and Selznick were no longer close, so Fleming did not attend. Black actors like Hattie McDaniel were not allowed because of Jim Crow laws. The movie would be re-released several times for anniversaries of the Civil War and the movie. Reception. Critical Response. The movie had good reviews from critics. Critics considered the movie to be an ambitious and a technical achievement. Critics liked the first half better. Some critics were critical of the movie. They thought it was too long. Others said the movie was forgettable and not memorable. Some said the movie is a major event in history, but a minor one in movies. The movie has a 90% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The movie got several awards. Awards. "Gone with the Wind" received 10 Academy Awards in 1940. It was nominated for five more. Response from African-Americans. Black commentators criticized the portrayal of African Americans in the movie. Some said the movie created African-American stereotypes. The movie was compared with "The Birth of a Nation". Commentators said "The Birth of a Nation" was more of a direct attack on black people and obvious lies. "Gone with the Wind", however, was a more subtle attack and lie. In the African-American community, there were different views. Some believed the movie to be insulting. Others thought that the performances of the African-American actors showed progress and achievements of African-Americans. Audience Response. A record number of people watched "Gone with the Wind". After four years of its release, sixty million tickets were sold. This was about half of the U.S. population at the time. The movie was also popular in Europe and Japan. The movie was still popular decades later with its re-release. Only "The Sound of Music", "The Graduate," "Doctor Zhivago" and "The Godfather" would eventually make more than the re-releases of "Gone with the Wind". Together, over 200 million tickets have been sold in America and Canada. It is the most successful movie to be made. The movie made the most money of all time, after taking inflation into account. "Gone with the Wind" is still popular in the 21st century. Re-evaluation. Although "Gone with the Wind" premiered in 1939, it is still remembered today as one of the greatest American movies of all time. Upon reevaluation, some critics say the script is poorly written. The movie was named the #4 best movie of all time by the American movie Institute. The quote "Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn," said by Rhett Butler at the end of the movie and was voted the #1 greatest movie quote of all time. The movie has made the following American Film Institute lists: Controversy. The movie has been criticized for ignoring slavery and depicting the Confederacy in a positive way. The movie is a form of historical negationism or denialism. This is when the historical facts are not represented accurately. The movie glorifies the Lost Cause of the Confederacy. This false Lost Cause claims the South had heroic and just reasons for the war and that slavery was not the main issue. There are black stereotypes in the movie. The movie shows happy enslaved people. Rhett Butler and his men are part of the Ku Klux Klan in the book, but this is not in the movie. For some time, the movie was removed from theaters and HBO Max. This caused debates on political correctness. Since the George Floyd protests, criticism has increased. In response, the streaming service HBO Max has added a discussion of the movie's themes before the beginning of the movie. The site claims that one should not erase the movie but understand and learn from it. Titanic (disambiguation) Titanic can refer to Santino Marella Anthony Carelli (born March 14, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional wrestler. He currently works for the TNA . He appears under the ring name Santino Marella. During his wrestling career, he was a two-time WWE Intercontinental Champion, one-time WWE United States Champion, and one-time WWE Tag Team Champion with Vladimir Kozlov. World Wrestling Entertainment. Carrelli made his WWE debut on the April 16 edition of WWE Raw under the name of Santino Marella. He won the WWE Intercontinental Championship after Umaga was attacked by Bobby Lashley. With this, he became one of a few superstars to win a title in their first match. On July 6, 2014, at a live event in Toronto, Ontario, Marella announced his retirement due to a third major injury to his neck. TNA 2013 - 2015 Marella defeated Drake Marella defeated Galloway Fresco Fresco is a way of painting pictures. A "fresco" is a kind of mural, a painting that is done on a wall. A wall painting is sometimes called a "fresco" by mistake. A true "fresco" is painted onto plaster that is fresh. The plaster has been laid on the wall that day and is still damp. The word "fresco" comes from the Italian for "fresh". History of frescoes. Ancient. Not all wall paintings are frescoes. In Ancient Egypt, for example, many of the wall paintings were done on dry plaster and are not true frescoes. The Royal Palace at Knossos in Crete, c. 1500 BC, had many frescoes. The scene of athletes dancing with a bull is the most famous. Many Ancient Roman wall paintings can be seen at Pompeii from the 1st century AD, but these are not true frescoes. The Sigiriya Frescoes painted in Sigiriya in Sri Lanka around 485 AD use the "fresco lustro" technique which varies slightly from the pure fresco technique in that it also contains a mild binding agent. This gives the frescoes added durability as they have survived exposed for nearly 1500 years. Medieval. There are many frescoes dating from the late Middle Ages, about 1000-1400 AD when, it was the fashion to paint the inside of churches with people and stories from the Bible. The order of the pictures was carefully planned by the artists and priests. Above the altar is usually seen a picture of Jesus Christ. On the west wall is often a frightening picture of The Last Judgement to remind people to turn to Jesus. Many frescoes like this can be seen in Greece, Spain, Portugal, Serbia, Armenia, Romania and Russia. There are a few in Germany, France and Italy. Renaissance. In Italy, around 1300 AD, the artist Giotto painted frescoes that were so full of life that people were amazed. Each picture was like looking onto a stage where real people told the story. This was the beginning of the period of art history called the Renaissance. Giotto's frescoes became so famous that he had many pupils and followers. Giotto's most famous frescoes are in the Arena Chapel in Padua. He also painted in the Church of St. Francis at Assisi and at Santa Croce (Church of the Holy Cross) in Florence. A hundred years later, about 1400 AD, two artists called Masolino and Masaccio worked in the city of Florence, painting a chapel. Their names translate as "Little Tom" and "Fat Tom". Masaccio's way of painting was the biggest change since Giotto, in particular the two weeping naked figures of Adam and Eve. Everyone thought that Masaccio was one of the greatest painters alive. But he died at only 27 years old. These frescoes are in the Church of the Carmine, in Florence. In the 1400s many other artists in Italy were given the job of painting churches or chapels. They were paid by "patrons", rich people who could afford an artist. The most important patron was the Pope. Pope Sixtus IV had built a new chapel in the Vatican in Rome. In 1481, he got some of the best artists in Italy to decorate the walls for him. See Sistine Chapel. In 1508 the work continued in the Sistine Chapel when Pope Julius II made the great artist Michelangelo go to Rome to paint the ceiling. It took him four years, and he became sick from the strain and the smell. But when he had finished, he had painted one of the greatest artworks in the world. Then, 1537-1541, he painted the west wall of the same chapel with The Last Judgement For the next 200 years, painted ceilings were in fashion. But artists soon discovered that it was easier to paint in oil on canvas and put it up on the ceiling than to paint on the ceiling in fresco. The fashion for fresco painting began to fade. The Count of Monte Cristo The Count of Monte Cristo is a novel by Alexandre Dumas, père. The story is about revenge and forgiveness. The main character of the book, Edmond Dantès, is wrongly sent to prison. There, he meets an old priest named Faria, who tells Dantès of a treasure. He escapes and finds the large treasure. He uses it to carry out a plan of revenge on the three people who sent him to prison. The novel was well received by critics and readers. It has been adapted to many stage plays and movies. The novel was first published in the "Journal des Débats" in 18 parts from August 28, 1844 to January 15, 1846. It was first published in Paris by Pétion in 18 volumes (1844-5). It was published in English in 1846 by Chapman and Hall. It has been translated many times since 1846, and into many languages. Dumas wrote a set of three plays that told the story of "The Count of Monte Cristo": "Monte Cristo" (1848), "Le Counte de Morcerf" (1851), and "Villefort" (1851). The book inspired the plot for other novels, including Lew Wallace's "" (1880). Hallandale Beach, Florida Hallandale Beach is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. The city is named after Luther Halland, a worker for Henry Flagler's Florida East Coast Railroad. The population was 37,282 at the 2000 census. Sometimes the city is called the "southernmost Canadian city". This is because Hallandale Beach has been a popular vacation spot for years, and most of the tourists come from Quebec and the northeast United States. Many of these tourists eventually moved to the area to live there. Nazi Party The National Socialist German Workers' Party (German ; "Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei", abbreviated NSDAP), also known as the Nazi Party, was a German political party. It was started in 1920 from the German Workers' Party (German: "Deutsche Arbeiterpartei", "DAP"), which would later be renamed the NSDAP. On the day it was created, the party published its 25-point manifesto (book of ideas). The items in this list of ideas included getting rid of the Treaty of Versailles; gaining more land for the German people; taking away any income people had not earned by working; taking away Jewish people's citizenship; changing the education system; and setting up a strong central government. It is most known for being Hitler's political party. From 1920 until 1923, Hitler the NSDAP became to most popular in Bavaria since the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923 . In June 1934 the Nazi Party started Night of the Long Knives to kill SA leader Ernst Röhm and German Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher . History. In 1919, Adolf Hitler joined the German Workers Party. In 1920 the party changed its name, and Hitler took control in 1921. In 1923, the Nazi Party tried to start a coup d'état in Munich to take over Germany, but failed. This battle was called the Beer Hall Putsch. Hitler was sentenced to five years in prison for treason. However, he was let out of prison after nine months. Other people who participated in the Beer Hall Putsch were given the death penalty or 5-6 years imprisoned. The government also made the NSDAP illegal in Germany. While he was in prison, Adolf Hitler wrote most of "Mein Kampf" ('My Struggle'). In this book, he wrote down his political ideas and his future plans for Germany. In 1924, Hitler was let out of prison early. He restarted the NSDAP. He wanted to gain power legally, through elections. At this time, the NSDAP was only one of a few extreme right-wing, nationalist political parties in Germany. There were many other parties with similar ideas then. Important people like Fritz Thyssen and Emil Kirdorf, both leaders of big industries, supported the Nazi Party. The next elections to the Reichstag were held in 1928. In these elections, the Nazi Party won 2.6% of the vote. The party decided to decrease its anti-Semitic slogans in order to do better in the next election. Instead, the NSDAP focused more on foreign policy and on terrorising the German people. In local elections in 1929 and 1930, the NSDAP won about 10% of the vote. In 1930, President Paul von Hindenburg dissolved the Reichstag. The Nazi Party saw this as an opportunity. In the elections on 14 September, 1930, the NSDAP won 18.3% of the vote, and had become the second biggest party in Germany. At this time, most German people wanted to get rid of the Weimar Republic (the "Weimarer Republik"). Weimar was the German city where the German constitution was written after the First World War. People also wanted a stronger Germany, with more soldiers. The Treaty of Versailles had made it illegal for Germany to have some types of weapons and ships. On January 30, 1933, Franz von Papen offered to make Adolf Hitler the Chancellor of Germany in a nationalist cabinet. He did this in secret. This was a "Machtübergabe", or 'transfer of power'. However, later on, the NSDAP started to call it the "Machtergreifung" ('seizing power'). It was better for Nazi propaganda to say that they took power from the Weimar Republic, instead of being made the Republic's legal government. The last "free" election in Weimar Germany was in March 1933. The Nazi Party won 44% of the vote. This was not a majority. After the Reichstag fire, they managed to get the two-thirds majority they needed to pass the "Ermächtigungsgesetz" (Enabling Act). With this new law, they dissolved parliament; gave Hitler the power to do anything he wanted; and made all political parties (except the Nazi party ) illegal. After this, the Nazi party became very important. People had to be party members to get some jobs, or to get promoted. The Nazi party ended when Germany surrendered to the Allies on 8 May 1945, who banned the party and all other Nazi organizations. Impact. The NSDAP was dissolved on 8 May 1945. After that, the NSDAP no longer existed. They made some reforms which still exist today. For example: But the Nazis did so many bad things that it is now illegal in Germany to display the swastika symbol (shown on the flag above) or use slogans such as "Sieg Heil." In November 2010, a British member of the European Parliament, Godfrey Bloom, was forced to leave Parliament. This happened after he shouted the Nazi slogan 'Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer' at a German member of Parliament. Carl Nielsen Carl Nielsen (born in Sortelung, near Nørre Lyndelse on Funen, June 9, 1865; died in Copenhagen, October 3, 1931) was a Danish composer. He is the most famous composer from Denmark and one of the most important composers of symphonies from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Life. Carl Nielsen was the seventh in a family of twelve children. His father’s name was Niels Jørgensen. It was Danish tradition for a child to get his father’s given name as part of his name, so Carl became Carl Nielsen (“son of Niels”). The family was very poor and Carl had to help in the home. During the school holidays he looked after the geese. His father, who was a simple painter, played the violin and cornet in the village band. Carl soon learned to play the violin and joined in with his father’s band. He listened to music by Haydn and Mozart and became very interested in general knowledge. All his life he tried to learn new languages and was interested in literature, art and philosophy. He loved animals and the nature around him. When he was 14, he had a job in the military orchestra in the nearby town of Odense. He played the horn and trombone. In 1884 some rich people in Odense paid for him to go to the Conservatory in Copenhagen. He studied music there and did quite well, but there was nothing yet to show that he would be a brilliant composer. He got a job as violinist in the Royal Chapel, a good orchestra which was conducted by Johan Svendsen. He got to know the music of Wagner, and he went to Germany to study it. Later he was not so keen on Wagner’s music, and he was not much influenced by it. In 1891, he married Anne Marie Brodersen who was a sculptress. They travelled together to Italy where they saw lots of great art. When they returned to Denmark Nielsen started composing some of the music that was to make him famous. In 1901 the Danish government paid him money every year so that he did not have to teach and could spend his time composing. He also conducted the Royal Theatre when Svendsen retired. He often travelled to other countries and, later, did some teaching and examining at the Copenhagen Conservatoire. He was made director of the conservatoire in 1931, shortly before he died. Nielsen suffered for several years from heart trouble. He died from this disease on October 3, 1931. His music. Carl Nielsen wrote nearly every kind of music: opera, chamber music, symphony, concerto, songs. His music was different from the Romantic music that other composers were writing at that time. Nielsen liked the music of the Classical period, especially Haydn and Mozart. He learned from them, but also used a lot of chromaticism and interesting orchestral sounds which made his music much more modern. He wrote a serious opera called "Saul og David" and a comic opera "Maskarade". He wrote a lot of Danish songs which are very popular in Denmark. By far the most important of his works internationally are his six symphonies and three concertos. The Fourth and Fifth Symphonies, especially, are performed very often by orchestras all over the world. He wrote a very large work for organ called "Commotio". Nielsen always said how important his simple village background was for his music. This can be heard clearly in his popular cantata "Fynsk Foraar" ("Springtime in Funen") which shows his love of the countryside where he grew up. Madonna and Child The Madonna and Child or The Virgin and Child is often the name of a work of art which shows the Virgin Mary and the Child Jesus. The word "Madonna" means "My Lady" in Italian. Artworks of the Christ Child and his mother Mary are part of the Roman Catholic tradition in many parts of the world including Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, South America, Switzerland, and the Philippines. Paintings known as icons are also an important tradition of the Orthodox Church and often show the Mary and the Christ Child. They are found particularly in Eastern Europe, Russia, Egypt, the Middle East and India. Types of art work. Paintings. Works of art which show the "Madonna and Child" can be paintings or sculptures. Some paintings are very large and show the Madonna on a throne, with saints standing around it. These paintings are altarpieces; they are designed to go above the altar in a church. In some churches, particularly in Italy and in Eastern Orthodox Churches, there are many wall paintings and mosaics of the "Madonna and Child". Most "Madonna and Child" paintings are small. They have been painted for private owners and would usually have been kept in houses. They might be hung on the wall above a table where flowers and candles could be placed to honour the Virgin Mary. Most of the famous ones are now in art galleries. Sculpture. Many Catholic churches have statues of the Virgin Mary with the Christ Child, These are sometimes life-sized and are painted, with real hair and glass eyes so that they look lifelike. Other statues of the "Madonna and Child" are very small. In the Middle Ages small statues were carved from ivory. These precious statues are often very beautifully and delicately made. They can often be seen in museums. In Florence in the early 1400s, an artist called Luca della Robbia began making "terracotta" statues and sculptured altarpieces from clay, which were fired and "glazed" with colours, most often blue and white, but also purple, green and yellow. This family business lasted for 120 years. Many statues of the "Madonna and Child" may be factory-made and sold as souvenirs. This tradition of small statues has been around for hundreds of years. Many of them were made in artist's workshops in the Early Renaissance Icons. In the Orthodox Church, there is also a long tradition of painting images of the Virgin Mary with the Christ Child. These pictures, which are often quite small and are painted on wooden panels, are often very careful copies of particular famous icons. This tradition continues to the present day. Famous images of the Madonna and Child. Large altarpieces. These three famous paintings are all together in one room of the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. Two of these paintings are from the Middle Ages, but Giotto's painting is an Early Renaissance painting, as can be seen in the natural, solid look of the figures which seem to be "three dimensional". Statues. Many churches contain famous statues of the "Madonna and Child", particularly old churches. Göppingen Göppingen (, "Gebbeng", or "Geppenge") is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In 2005, there were 57,771 people living there. It is at the bottom of the high "Kaiserberg", or "Emperors' Mountain". History. The first settlement at Göppingen was in the Hallstatt period, 800-480 BC. A Roman settlement from about 250 BC was found near the present day Oberhofen Church. An Alemannic prince by the name of "Geppo", is believed to have started the town after the sometime in the 3rd or 4th century. The town is named after him. A fire on August 25, 1782 destroyed most of the town, but it was immediately rebuilt. During the 1800s, many factories were built in the area. Companies such as Märklin and Schuler are still based in the town. Cooke Barracks. In 1930, an air field was built north of Göppingen. This was taken over by the Luftwaffe in 1935 and was called the Fliegerhorst Kaserne (barracks). From 1945 to 1949, displaced persons and refugees were housed in the buildings. In 1949, it was renamed Cooke Barracks, after Charles H. Cooke, Jr., who been killed in action and given the Silver Star and Soldier's Medal for bravery. In late 1950, the 7th Army had been reformed in Stuttgart and United States Army began to be stationed at Cooke Barracks. The barracks were made bigger for the 28th Infantry Division headquarters. The 28th Infantry was renamed as the 9th Infantry Division (United States) in 1954 and was replaced by the 8th Infantry Division in 1956. They were then replaced by the 4th Armored Division in 1957, which was renamed as the 1st Armored Division in 1971 and moved to Hindenburg Kaserne in Ansbach in 1972. The 1st Infantry Division moved from Augsburg in 1972 until 1991. There was also two Family Housing-Blocks in Donzdorf at the Göppingen (district). In July 2017, they was hold the remembering cooke barracks festival, because the inhabitants in göppingen district loved and liked the US Army who was once stationed in Goppingen. Cooke Barracks were given back to the German government in 1992. The barracks were again used to house refugees for some time, then returned to civilian use. Sport. Frisch Auf! Göppingen currently plays in the German first handball-division (Handball-Bundesliga). National Gallery, London The National Gallery, London is an art gallery in London, England, which has one of the finest collections of European paintings in the world. What makes this gallery so important is that, although there are bigger galleries, "The National Gallery" has many paintings of very high quality and also because it has paintings by famous artists whose works are very rare. These rare paintings include works by Duccio, Masaccio, Uccello, Piero della Francesca, Leonardo, Giorgione, Michelangelo, Caravaggio, Vermeer, Chardin, Klimt, Rousseau and Redon. "The National Gallery" is on Trafalgar Square, which is one of the busiest tourist places in London. It is a grand building of pale grey limestone, with a central dome and a large Classical style porch ("portico") like an Ancient Greek temple. To the left side, the gallery has a large new building called "The Sainsbury Wing". History. In 1823 a collector called Sir George Beaumont offered to give his famous collection of paintings to the British Government to start a public art gallery. In 1824 another famous collection of paintings was on sale. The owner, John Julius Angerstein, had died. It looked as if his paintings would be sold outside England. Then there was another offer of paintings from a third collector, The Reverend Holwell Carr. The Parliament had to make a quick decision. The Parliament voted that a national collection should be started and a gallery should be built. They gave 60,000 Pounds Sterling to buy the Angerstein paintings. They got 38 pictures and were able to display them publicly in the Angerstein House. The collection grew quickly with the Beaumont and Holwell Carr paintings, and others, being bought or given. A new gallery was needed. In 1831 the plans of the architect William Wilkins were accepted. The site which looks over Trafalgar Square was chosen, old buildings were demolished and the magnificent new gallery was opened on April 9, 1838. When "the National Gallery" opened, there was a strong opinion that paintings of the High Renaissance period of the late 1400s to Baroque paintings of the 1600s were the finest type of art. The word "primitive" was used to describe Italian paintings from the 1300s and early 1400s. Luckily, the director of the Gallery, Sir Charles Eastlake, thought it was important to collect some of these "primitive" paintings, as well as the more popular High Renaissance paintings. That is how the "National Gallery" came to own so many very rare works from the Late Middle Ages and Early Renaissance periods. In the 1870s the Gallery was lucky to get two collections of paintings by famous Dutch artists. The building had to be made larger to house them. The Gallery was also given paintings by famous British artists; soon there were so many that most of them were moved out to a new gallery called the Tate. By the 20th century, it was getting more difficult to buy very important paintings; there were other galleries in the United States and Germany who were trying to buy the same paintings. So the "National Gallery" began to buy works by more modern painters and soon had a collection of 19th and early 20th century paintings. This is not a large part of the "National Gallery's" collection, but it does show small works by many very important artists, particularly the Impressionists. Unperson In the George Orwell book Nineteen Eighty-Four, an Unperson is someone who has been vaporized. Vaporization is when a person is secretly murdered and from society, the present, the universe, and existence. Such a person would be taken out of books, photographs, and articles so that no trace of them is found in the present anywhere – no record of them would be found. This was so that a person who defied the Party would be gone from all citizens' memories, even friends and family. There is no Newspeak word for what happened to unpeople, therefore it is thoughtcrime to say an unperson's name or think of unpeople. This is similar to the Stalinist Soviet Party erasing people from photographs after death; this is an example of "real" unpeople. The Stalin-era Soviet Union also provided real-world examples of unpersons in its treatment of Leon Trotsky and other members of the Communist Party who became politically inconvenient. In his 1960 magazine article "Pravda means 'Truth'", reprinted in "Expanded Universe", Robert A. Heinlein argued that John Paul Jones and a mysterious May 15, 1960 cosmonaut had also received this treatment. Düren Düren (Ripuarian: "Düre", Low Franconian: "Dürre" or "Dure") is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is between Cologne and Aachen. About 90,000 people live there. Düren is at the river Rur. Gütersloh Gütersloh (, Low Franconian: "Gütersloh") is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. About 96,000 people live there. It is home to the high-end appliance brand Miele. Iserlohn Iserlohn (Westphalian Low German: "Iserlaun", "Iserliaun", or "Iserlauhn"; Middle Low German: "Eisenwald") is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. About 93,000 people live there; it is one of the largest cities in that region. Velbert Velbert is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. About 87,000 people live there. Lünen Lünen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. 88,000 people live there. Lünen has got two important football clubs: Lüner SV and BV Brambauer. Lüner SV is playing in the "Bezirksliga (8. league), but in 1963 the club achieved his greatest aim. They got Champion of Westphalia. Marl, North Rhine-Westphalia Marl is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. About 91,000 people live there. Bocholt Bocholt () is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. About 73,000 people live there. Roman Abramovich Roman Abramovich (born October 24, 1966 in Saratov, Russia) is a Russian-British businessman. Roman Abramovich was born in Saratov, in the former Soviet Union (FSU) on October 24, 1966. He was orphaned at the age of three and raised by his uncle in Ukhta, in the Komi Republic in northern Russia. When he was eight, Abramovich went to live with his grandmother in Moscow. Wealth. He is one of the richest men in the world. As in 2019, his wealth was estimated at $12.9 billion by Forbes which made him the wealthiest person in Israel, where he resides, and the 140th wealthiest person in the world. Business. Abramovich is the owner of Millhouse, LLC, a private investment company, the owner of Evraz, a steel making and mining company, and major shareholder of Norilsk Nickel, a nickel and palladium mining and smelting company. He is also part owner or significant shareholder in a multitude of international corporations, primarily in steel and mining, and private investment and was well known as owner for club Chelsea Football Club, one of the most successful and popular football teams in the United Kingdom. Works in Russia. In 1999, Abramovich who was then 33 years old, was elected governor of the Russian province of Chukotka, and was subsequently elected for a second term, serving until 2008. Abramovich has received the ‘Order of Honor’ by the President of Russia for his significant contribution to economically developing the autonomous district of Chukotka. He was also given the ‘Order of Friendship’ by the President. Morena Baccarin Morena Baccarin (born June 2, 1979) is a Brazilian actress. She is best known for her role as Inara Serra in the sci-fi television series "Firefly" and the movie "Serenity". Morena was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Her father is of Italian descent. Her mother is Brazilian stage and television actress Vera Setta. When she was 10, Baccarin moved with her family to Greenwich Village, New York, in the United States. She later attended the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts (the High School in the movie "Fame") before she studied theater at Juilliard. José Mourinho José Mário dos Santos Mourinho Félix, , or simply José Mourinho (born January 26, 1963 in Setúbal) is a Portuguese football manager and former player who is the head coach of Serie A club Roma. He is commonly known as "The Special One". Mourinho is regarded by some players, coaches, and critics as one of the best football coaches of all time. Jose Mourinho's father was no stranger to the world of football. Felix Mourinho practiced this sport as a professional goalkeeper. He also represented his country in one international match. Without a doubt, this factor had a huge impact on the Portuguese coach's career since his childhood, especially with his father's unquenchable desire for Jose to become a big player. Mourinho won four league titles in a row (two at Porto and two at Chelsea). He has also won the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Cup with Porto. For two years in a row (2004 and 2005), Mourinho was named the world's best football coach by the International Federation of Football History and Statistics (IFFHS). After leaving Chelsea F.C., he was replaced by Avram Grant. He went to coach Internazionale Milano and won the Serie A, Italian Super Cup and Champions League in a single season (2009/10). Sawmill A sawmill is a place where lumber is cut into boards. Sawmill process. Sawmills today work like sawmills from hundreds of years ago; a log enters on one end, and pieces of wood of a specific shape and size exit from the other end. History. Sawmills seem to have existed in the medieval period, as one was sketched by "Villard de Honnecourt" in c.1250. On the other hand, people think they were introduced to Madeira following its discovery in c.1420 and spread widely in Europe in the 16th century. The Dutchman "Cornelis Corneliszoon" (1550-1607) invented his type of sawmill by applying a pitman arm onto a wind mill, which converted a turning motion into an up-an-down motion. Corneliszoon patented the sawmill on December 15, 1593 and the pitman on December 6, 1597. He built the first sawmill there in 1594. Before to the invention of the sawmill, boards were sawn by two men with a whipsaw, using saddleblocks to hold the log, and a pit for the pitman who worked below. Sawing was slow, and required strong and enduring men. The topsawer had to be the stronger of the two because the saw was pulled in turn by each man, and the lower had the advantage of gravity. The topsawyer also had to guide the saw so that the board was of even thickness. This was often done by following a chalkline. Early sawmills simply adapted the whipsaw to mechanical power, generally driven by a water wheel to speed up the process. The circular motion of the wheel was changed to back-and-forth motion of the saw blade by a Connecting rod known as a "pitman" (thus introducing a term used in many mechanical applications). A pitman is similar to a crankshaft, but in reverse; a crankshaft converts back-and-forth motion to circular motion. Generally, only the saw was powered, and the logs had to be loaded and moved by hand. An early improvement was the development of a movable carriage, also water powered, to steadily move the log through the saw blade. A small mill such as this would be the center of many rural communities in wood-exporting regions such as the Baltic countries and Canada. The output of such mills would be quite low, perhaps only 500 boards per day. They would also generally only operate during the winter, the peak logging season. In the United States, the sawmills was introduced soon after the colonisation of Virginia by recruiting skilled men from Hamburgh. Later the metal parts were obtained from the Netherlands, where the technology was far ahead of that in England, where the sawmill reamiend largely unknown until the late 18th century. The arrival of a sawmill was a large and stimulative step in the growth of a frontier community. Early mills were taken to the forest, where a temporary shelter was built, and the logs were skidded to the nearby mill by horse or ox teams, often when there was some snow to provide lubrication. As mills grew larger, they were usually established in more permanent facilities on a river, and the logs were floated down to them by log drivers. Technology has changed sawmill operations significantly in recent years, emphasizing increasing profits through waste minimization and increased energy efficiency as well as improving operator safety. Hazrat Babajan Hazrat Babajan (1806–1931), birthname Gool Rukh ("like a rose"), was born as a Pathan lady in a noble Muslim family of Balochistan in northern British India Empire (now Pakistan). At the age of 18 she fled her arranged marriage and sought God instead. She journeyed to the northeast, first to Peshawar and then to Rawalpindi, disguised by her Muslim veil. She lived for a year and a half in the mountainous regions of what is now Pakistan under the guidance of a Hindu sadguru, then traveled to Punjab. In Multan, at the age of 37, she received God-realization from an Islamic qutub (Muslim master), Maula Shah. Babajan is most famously remembered as the spiritual master of Meher Baba. Concept album A concept album is a kind of album in which all the songs are about the same thing. Most of the time, they tell a story. Examples. Examples of concept albums are: Convenience food Convenience food is a type of food. This kind of food has been made so it can save the consumers time to prepare it. Usually such foods just need to be heated. They are made for a long shelf life, so that they can stay in the store for a long time. One thing to remember is that you may have to pay for the convenience, as this food is often expensive. Many people criticise these products, because: History. Before modern times most men worked in the open, often in fields. Agriculture was, before the industrial revolution, the biggest employment for men in most countries. They usually took their midday meal with them, and ate where they worked. Many kinds of food types were invented for this purpose. The Cornish pasty from the UK is one which survives to the present day. Other kinds have vanished, and their names forgotten. The Bedfordshire clanger was a baked suet dumpling, and there was also a Bedfordshire roll. This was savoury at one end and sweet at the other. It was eaten from the savoury end to the sweet end. There used to be many other varieties and version. Many have commented on the way convenience foods are heavy on calories. They were meant to be, for work then was usually manual labour, and men used their muscles continually as they worked. The modern sandwich is a relatively recent invention, since it dates back only to the 18th century. It has become a standard way of taking food to the school or workplace. Zippo A Zippo lighter is a refillable metal lighter made by Zippo Manufacturing Company since 1933. Many different styles have been made since 1933, such as the pipe Zippo, for lighting pipes. Many people collect Zippos. Some Zippos are worth a lot of money. Zippo lighters are wind-proof, which means that the wind can not blow them out. The most common fuel for Zippos is naphtha. 1367 1367 was a common year. Water heating Water heating is a thermodynamic process using an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature. Typical domestic uses of hot water are for cooking, cleaning and bathing, and space heating. In industry both hot water and water heated to steam have many uses. The most common energy sources for heating water are fossil fuels: natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, oil or sometimes solid fuels (coal or firewood. These fuels may be consumed directly or by the use of electricity (which may derive from any of the above fuels or from nuclear or renewable sources). Alternative energy such as solar energy, heat pumps, hot water heat recycling, and sometimes geothermal power, may also be used as available, usually in combination with gas, oil or electricity. Solar water heaters. Solar collectors for solar powered water heaters are installed outside dwellings, typically on the roof or nearby. Nearly all models are the direct-gain type. They consist of flat panels in which water circulates. Geothermal heating. In countries like Iceland and New Zealand, and other volcanic regions, water heating may be done using geothermal power, rather than combustion. Couëron Couëron is a city in France on the Atlantic Ocean near Nantes. About 18.000 people live in the city. Room temperature Room temperature does not have an exact scientific definition. It means a temperature that is normal in rooms used by human beings. Human comfort and health. A comfortable room temperature depends on individual needs and other factors. According to the West Midlands Public Health Observatory (UK), is the recommended living room temperature, and is a good bedroom temperature. However, in hotter countries such as those near the equator room temperature can be as high as . Room Temperature is the temperature that is comfortable and normal to be in. Science. For scientific work, room temperature is taken to be in the range with an average of . Scientists use kelvins (K) for temperature. The Rankine (°R) unit is no longer used. Condition for physical experiments. The progress and results of many scientific and industrial processes can sometimes depend on the temperature of the surroundings of the equipment. For example, a measurement of the charge of the electron does not depend upon the temperature of the test equipment. In this case, if scientists mention temperature at all, they usually only mention "room temperature", which means that what is being measured has not been cooled or heated. Kraftwerk Kraftwerk is a electronic band from Germany that became famous in the late 1970s and 1980s for making electronic music. They used synthesizers and sequencers to make the rhythms and melodies in the song. Kraftwerk made electronic music many years before other bands knew it would be popular. They paved the way for the MIDI and digital styles of music to become popular in the 1990s. Many of the sounds from songs such as "Computer Love", "The Robots", and "Trans Europe Express" can be heard sampled by a variety of bands on their current releases. Recently, some of Kraftwerk's original recording equipment was sold on eBay for astonishing amounts. Kraftwerk continues to have a faithful following. The band's name is German for power station. Cricket ball A cricket ball is a hard, solid ball used to play cricket. In men's cricket the ball must weigh between 5.5 and 5.75 ounces (137.5 and 143.8 g) and measure between and 9 inches (220 and 225 millimetres) in circumference. A cricket ball is usually red, white or pink depending upon the game and has a seam over it. Baptist Baptist is a word describing a tradition within Christianity and may also refer to individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. The tradition takes its name from the belief that followers of Jesus Christ should be placed in water to show their faith. Baptists do not practice infant baptism. In 1639, Roger Williams began a Baptist church in Providence, Rhode Island and John Clarke began a Baptist church in Newport, Rhode Island. It is not clear which church opened first. Records for both churches are missing information. Baptist beliefs and principles. Baptist churches do not have a central principal authority. Therefore, beliefs are not the same from one Baptist church to another, mainly beliefs that may be considered minor. However, on major issues, most are held in common among almost all Baptist churches. Baptists share so-called "orthodox" Christian beliefs with most other moderate or conservative Christian denominations. Some of them are beliefs about one God; Jesus' death, burial, and bodily resurrection; the Trinity (the divinity of Jesus and the Holy Spirit, together with God the Father); the need for salvation; grace; and evangelism and missions. Membership. There are over 90 million Baptists in the world in nearly 300,000 churches. There are about 47 million members in the United States. Other large populations of Baptists also exist in Asia, Africa and Latin America. There are 2.4 million Baptists in India, 2.3 million in Nigeria, 1.9 million in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and 1.5 million in Brazil. In a poll in the 1990s, about 20% of Americans said they are Baptist. Views. Many people outside the community see them as Protestant, but some baptists do not. In their view, Baptists have existed separately since early church days. Those holding this view believe that Baptists have never been a part of the Roman Catholic Church, and that Baptists are not "protesting" against Catholicism. They also point out that Baptists have no connections with the Reformationists like Luther, Calvin, or Zwingli. Other Baptists accept the "Protestant" label as a category for churches who have similar religious views of "sola scriptura, sola fide," the priesthood of all believers and other positions that Luther or Calvin had in contrast to the Roman Catholic Church in the 1500s. The tag: "denomination", is rejected by some because of the autonomous system used by Baptist churches for control. Being a denomination is viewed by them as having a hierarchy instead of the Roman Catholic Church. Another reason for the rejection of the tag is the influence of the Restoration period on Baptist churches, which tore down denominational barriers. Other Baptists accept the tag. They feel that it does not lie or have any bad meanings. It is just used as a synonym for a Christian or religious group with common beliefs. The tag: "Evangelical", is rejected by some fundamentalist Baptists who think that the term is not 'fundamentalist' enough. It is also rejected by some liberal Baptists who think that the term is too conservative. It is accepted by moderate Baptists believing in the revival in the United States in the 1700s called the First Great Awakening. Some Evangelicals also reject the tag: fundamentalist, because they think that it is too extreme. Techno Techno is a form of electronic dance music that became popular in Frankfurt, Germany during the early 1980s. It was influenced by synthpop, house music, funk, post-disco and futuristic fiction ideas that were important during the end of the Cold War in the United States at that time. Juan Atkins is generally thought to be the founder of Detroit Techno music. Detroit Techno first became successful locally and then became popular around the world in the 1990s. Usage of the term. The word "techno" comes from "technology". Fans of Techno music are careful in their use of the word. They are careful not to confuse it with other types of music that are similar but different (for example house, trance, hardcore). At the same time, the word "techno" is commonly used when talking about all forms of electronic music and dance music, especially in Europe, the Americas and Australia. Despite the common usage of the term to refer to all electronic dance in general, techno is a specific genre with its own, distinguishable sound. By nature, techno tends to be highly repetitive, instrumentally-oriented music which follows a regular four-on-the-floor beat. The genre places a strong emphasis on rhythm, and techno tends to have a very beat-based sound. Dog sled A dog sled is a sled that is pulled by sled dogs and can go over ice and snow. Dog sleds were first made by First Nations people in Canada before the English and French got there, because they had no horses so they used dogs to travel. They were also made by people in Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia because it was also easier to travel with dogs in parts of those countries. Racing dog sleds is a popular sport which a lot of people enjoy watching or actually going in the sleds to race. It is more popular in places where there is not much horse racing. Multiset A multiset (sometimes called a bag) is a concept from mathematics. In many ways, multisets are like sets. Certain items are either elements of that multiset, or they are not. However, multisets are different from sets: The same type of item can be in the multiset more than once. For this reason, mathematicians have defined a relation (function) that tells, how many copies of a certain type of item there are in a certain multiset. They call this "multiplicity". For example, in the multiset { "a", "a", "b", "b", "b", "c" }, the multiplicities of the members "a", "b", and "c" are 2, 3, and 1, respectively. From a set of "n" elements, the number of "r"-element multisets is written as formula_1. This is sometimes called the multiset coefficient. A multiset is illustrated by means of a histogram. A multiset can also be considered an unordered tuple: Examples. One of the simplest examples is the multiset of prime factors of a number "n". Here, the underlying set of elements is the set of prime divisors of "n". For example, the number "120" has the prime factorisation which gives the multiset {2, 2, 2, 3, 5}. Another is the multiset of solutions of an algebraic equation. A quadratic equation, for example, has two solutions. However, in some cases they are both the same number. Thus the multiset of solutions of the equation could be { 3, 5 }, or it could be { 4, 4 }. In the latter case, it has a solution of multiplicity 2. Tom Brokaw Thomas John Brokaw (born February 6, 1940 in Webster, South Dakota) is a popular American television journalist and is the former anchorman (host) of "NBC Nightly News with Tom Brokaw". His last appearance as anchorman was on December 1, 2004. In the later part of hosting "NBC Nightly News", the program became the most-watched news program in the United States. Brokaw has received many awards and honors. Brokaw was diagnosed with multiple myeloma in August 2013. On April 26, 2018, Brokaw was accused of sexual harassment by two women. Tuple In mathematics, a tuple is a finite sequence of objects. Sometimes, the finite sequence is also called an "ordered list". This means that the order of the objects matter. In a tuple, the objects are either enclosed within parentheses (such as formula_1), or within angle brackets (such as formula_2). Each of the objects in the list has a certain type. A tuple consisting of "n" entries is called an n-tuple. Tuples are used to describe mathematical objects that are made of certain, well-defined components. They are also used very frequently with databases. Tuples are different from sets: In other words, tuples are like ordered multisets. Manure Manure is organic matter used as fertilizer in agriculture. Manures improve the fertility of the soil by adding organic matter and lots of nutrients, such as nitrogen that is trapped by bacteria in the soil. Higher organisms then feed on the fungi and bacteria in a chain of life. The term "manure" was used for inorganic fertilizers in the past, but this usage is now very rare. Manure from birds and bats is called guano. Etymology. The word manure came from Middle English "manuren" meaning "to cultivate land," and initially from French "main-oeuvre" = "hand work" alluding to the work which involved manuring land. Types. There are two classes of manures in soil management: green manures and animal manures. Compost is distinguished from manure in that it is the "decomposed" remnants of organic materials (which may, nevertheless, include manure). Most animal manure is feces–excrement of plant-eating mammals (herbivores) and plant material (often straw) which has been used as bedding for animals and thus is heavily contaminated with their feces and urine. Green manures are crops grown for the express purpose of plowing them under. In so doing, fertility is increased through the nutrients and organic matter that are returned to the soil. Uses of manure. Manure has been used for centuries as a fertilizer for farming, as it is rich in nitrogen and other nutrients which facilitate the growth of plants. Liquid manure from pig/hog operations is usually knifed (injected) directly into soil to reduce the unpleasant odors. Manure from hogs and cattle is spread on fields using a manure spreader. Due to the relatively lower level of proteins in grasses, which herbivores eat, cattle manure has a milder smell than the dung of carnivores–for example, elephant dung is practically odorless. However, due to the quantity of manure applied to fields, odor can be a problem in some agricultural regions. Poultry droppings are harmful to plants when fresh but after a period of composting are valuable fertilizers. The dried manure of animals has been used as fuel throughout history. Dried manure (usually known as dung) of cows was, and still is, an important fuel source in countries such as India, while camel dung may be used in treeless regions such as deserts. On the Oregon Trail, pioneering families collected large quantities of "buffalo chips" in lieu of scarce firewood. It has been used for many purposes, in cooking fires and to combat the cold desert nights. Another use of manure is to make paper. This has been done with dung from elephants where it is a small industry in Africa and Asia, and also horses, llamas, and kangaroos. Other than the llama, these animals are not ruminants and thus tend to pass plant fibres undigested in their dung. Nutrient A nutrient is either a chemical element or compound used in an organism's metabolism or physiology. A nutrient is essential to an organism if it cannot be produced by the organism and must be obtained from a food source. This article deals with nutrition in animals, especially humans. Nutrition in plants, fungi, bacteria and archaea is not discussed here. Essential elements. The following table gives an idea of what elements are essential for humans: Periodic table highlighting dietary elements Histogram A histogram is a concept from statistics. It is a graphical display that tells us about the distribution of the samples involved. They are commonly a picture made from a table with many categories. The table tells how many samples there are in each category. The word "histogram" is derived from "histos" and "gramma" in Greek. "Histos" means "web" or "mast". "Gramma" means "drawing", "record" or "writing". A histogram of something is therefore, etymologically speaking, a drawing of the web of this something. Similar ideas. The histogram is one of the seven basic tools of quality control, which also include the Pareto chart, check sheet, control chart, cause-and-effect diagram, flowchart, and scatter diagram. A population pyramid is two histograms. A generalization of the histogram is kernel smoothing techniques. This will construct a smooth probability density function from the supplied data. Green manure Typically, a green manure crop is grown for a specific period, and then plowed under and incorporated into the soil. Green manures usually perform several functions, that include soil improvement and soil protection: Historically, the practice of green manuring can be traced back to the fallow cycle of crop rotation, which was used to allow soils to recover. Green manures in organic farming. Organic farming relies on soil health and cycling of nutrients through the soil using natural processes, such as the addition of animal manures. If animal manures are not available, in a stockless rotation, green manures perform a vital function of fertilization. Normal distribution \; \exp\left(-\frac{\left(x-\mu\right)^2}{2\sigma^2} \right) \!</math>| cdf =formula_1| mean =formula_2| median =formula_2| mode =formula_2| variance =formula_5| skewness =0| kurtosis =0| entropy =formula_6| mgf =formula_7| char =formula_8| The normal distribution is a probability distribution. It is also called Gaussian distribution because it was first discovered by Carl Friedrich Gauss. The normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution that is very important in many fields of science. Normal distributions are a family of distributions of the same general form. These distributions differ in their "location" and "scale" parameters: the mean ("average") of the distribution defines its location, and the standard deviation ("variability") defines the scale. These two parameters are represented by the symbols formula_2 and formula_10, respectively. The standard normal distribution (also known as the Z distribution) is the normal distribution with a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one (the green curves in the plots to the right). It is often called the bell curve, because the graph of its probability density looks like a bell. Many values follow a normal distribution. This is because of the central limit theorem, which says that if an event is the sum of identical but random events, it will be normally distributed. Some examples include: Biomass Biomass is a basic term in ecology, and in the energy production industry. Organic waste such as dead plant and animal material, animal dung and kitchen waste can be converted into gaseous fuel called biogas. The organic waste is decomposed by bacteria in biogas digesters to emit biogas which is essentially a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. In ecology, biomass means the accumulation of living matter. It is the total living material in a given area or a biological community or group. Biomass is measured by weight, or by dry weight, per given area (per square metre or square kilometer). In the energy industry, it refers to biological material which can be used as fuel or for industrial production. Biomass includes plant matter grown for use as biofuel, and also includes plant or animal matter used for production of fibres, chemicals or heat. Biomass may also include biodegradable wastes which can be burnt as fuel. It excludes organic material which has been transformed by geological processes into substances such as coal or petroleum. It is usually measured by dry weight. Energy industry. The term biomass is especially useful for plants, where some internal structures may not always be considered living tissue, such as the wood (secondary xylem) of a tree. Biofuels include bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, and firewood. Biomass is grown from several plants, including switchgrass, hemp, corn, poplar, willow and sugarcane. The particular plant used is usually not very important to the end products, but it does affect the processing of the raw material. Though biomass is a renewable fuel, its use can still contribute to global warming. This happens when the natural carbon equilibrium is disturbed; for example by deforestation or urbanization of green sites. Biomass is part of the carbon cycle. Photosynthesis converts carbon from the atmosphere into plant matter. When the plant rots or burns, the carbon goes back into the atmosphere. This happens somewhat quickly, and plant matter used as a fuel can be constantly replaced by planting for new growth. Therefore, it doesn't much change the amount of atmospheric carbon. Although fossil fuels come from things that died long ago, they are not considered biomass by the generally accepted definition because they contain carbon that has been 'out' of the carbon cycle for a very long time. Burning fossil fuels in combustion therefore adds much carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Other uses of biomass, besides fuel: Plastics from biomass, like some made to dissolve in seawater, are made the same way as petroleum-based plastics, are actually cheaper to manufacture and meet or exceed most performance standards. But they lack the water resistance of conventional plastics. Ecology. The most successful animal, in terms of biomass, is the Antarctic krill, "Euphausia superba", with a biomass of probably over 500 million tons across the world, about twice the total biomass of humans. Biomass may also be a measure of the dried organic mass of an ecosystem. This is a summary of biomass data. Variance In probability theory and statistics, the variance is a way to measure how far a set of numbers is spread out. Variance describes how much a random variable differs from its expected value. The variance is defined as the average of the squares of the differences between the individual (observed) and the expected value. This means that it is always positive. A variance is often represented by the symbol formula_1, if the data is the entire population, and formula_2, if the data is from a sample. In practice, variance is a measure of how much something changes. For example, temperature has more variance in Moscow than in Hawaii. The variance is not simply the average difference from the expected value. The standard deviation, which is the square root of the variance and comes closer to the average difference, is also not simply the average difference. Variance and standard deviation are used because it makes the mathematics easier—when adding two random variables together. In accountancy, a variance refers to the difference between the budget for a cost, and the actual cost. History. Karl Pearson, the father of biometry, first used the term variance as follows:"It is here attempted to (show) the biometrical properties of a population of a more general type that has (..) been examined, inheritance in which follows this scheme. It is hoped that in this way it will be possible to make a more exact analysis of the causes of human variability. The great body of available statistics shows us that the deviations of a human measurement from its mean follow very closely the Normal Law of Errors, and that therefore, the variablility may be uniformly measured by the standard deviation, corresponding to the square root of the mean square error." Tarzan's Treehouse Tarzan's Treehouse is a walk-through attraction in Disneyland in Anaheim, California. It was originally called the Swiss Family Treehouse. The treehouse explores the past of the Disney character Tarzan. The tree is fake, but is considered by Disney imagineers a real species or "Disneyodendron eximus" which translates to "out of the ordinary Disney tree". The tree has 1,400 branches and 300,000 polyethlyne leaves. The tree is covered in live Spanish moss. Adam Małysz Adam Henryk Małysz (born 3 December 1977 in Wisła, Poland) is a Polish former ski jumper. He has four Olympic medals (3 silver, 1 bronze). His longest jump was 230,5 meters. Since 2011 he is a rally driver. Salome Salome or Salomé (Hebrew: שלומית Shlomit) (c AD 14 between 62 and 71), is the name of a character in the New Testament. Her name is not actually given there, but she was an entirely historical person. She was the daughter of Herod Antipas and Herodias. Her name is pronounced with a short 'o', and the 'e' at the end is sounded. This Salome is not the same Salome who is said to be a witness to the Crucifixion of Jesus in Mark 15:40. Biblical character. According to Mark 6:21-29, Salome was the stepdaughter of Herod Antipas, and danced before Herod and her mother Herodias at the occasion of Herod's birthday. The New Testament suggests that Salome caused John the Baptist to be executed because his spoke out that Herod's marriage to Herodias was adulterous. Herodias put her up to the demand that John be executed, something the king was initially reluctant to do. The version in Matthew (Chapter 14, verses 311, is perhaps clearer: Her name. Her name is established by being mentioned in the account by Flavius Josephus in Josephus's "Jewish Antiquities" (Book XVIII, Chapter 5, 4). Despite the early date of this account, she was not always called Salome until the nineteenth century, when Gustave Flaubert (following Josephus) referred to her as Salome in his play "Herodias" (1876). There is a coin with her name on it. This rare coin bears the inscription BACIΛIC ΣΆΛΩΜΉ (Queen Salome). It is the reverse side of her later husband's coinage of Chalcis and Armenia Minor He was Aristobulus of Chalcis. Adaptations. The story above has been adapted to various forms of art. Innumerable paintings about it exist. There is a play by Oscar Wilde. Operas about it have been composed by Richard Strauss and Jules Massenet. Ballets by Florent Schmit and Flemming Flindt. Various films have also been made between 1918 and 2006. The antagonist character in the bluegrass musical is named Salome. Winchester College Winchester College is a well-known boys' school. It is an example of a British public school. The school is located in the city of Winchester in Hampshire, England. Its official name is Collegium Sanctae Mariae prope Wintoniam (or Collegium Beatae Mariae Wintoniensis prope Winton), or St Mary's College near Winchester. The school is commonly just called "Winchester". Winchester has existed for over six hundred years. It has the longest unbroken history of any school in England. It is the oldest of the original nine English public schools as defined by the Public Schools Act 1868. 37% of students go to Cambridge or Oxford. History. Winchester College was founded in 1382 by William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester and Chancellor to Richard II. The first seventy students entered the school in 1394. It was founded with New College, Oxford. Winchester was built to get students ready to attend New College. This was the model for Eton College and King's College, Cambridge 50 years later and for Westminster School, Christ Church, Oxford and Trinity College, Cambridge in Tudor times. The headmaster is currently Dr Ralph Townsend, formerly of Sydney Grammar School and Oundle School. Buffy the Vampire Slayer (movie) Buffy the Vampire Slayer is a 1992 American action/comedy fantasy movie about a cheerleader (Kristy Swanson) chosen by fate to fight and kill vampires. The movie is a light parody. It goes against the clichés of horror movies. The movie led to a darker and much more popular TV series of the same name. The television series starred Sarah Michelle Gellar and was created and produced by screenwriter Joss Whedon. Whedon often said how the television series was more like his vision than the movie. When the movie was first released, it was moderately successful and received mixed reviews from critics. Fran Rubel Kuzui Fran Rubel Kuzui is an American movie director and producer. She is best known as the director of the 1992 "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" movie, which was made into the television series of the same name. Roseanne Barr Roseanne Cherrie Barr (born November 3, 1952) is an Emmy Award-winning American actress, writer, and comedian. She has also been known as Roseanne Arnold and Roseanne Thomas. For several years in the late 1990s and early 2000s, she was known simply as Roseanne. By 2005, she had resumed referring to herself by her maiden name. She is best known for playing Roseanne Conner on the television series "Roseanne". The self-titled series was rebooted in 2018 on ABC with record ratings. A second season of the reboot (what would have been season 11) was eventually ordered. However, ABC cancelled the series after Barr posted a tweet mentioning Valerie Jarrett (an aide to President Barack Obama) that was viewed as racist. Run for President. On August 4, 2011, on an episode of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno she announced that she would be running for President in 2012. She ran for Green Party, however, she lost to Jill Stein. Then she ran for Peace and Freedom Party and won the nomination. Barr received 61,971 votes in the general election, placing sixth overall. She is running again in 2016 for the same party. Bi-Lo (Australia) Bi-Lo was a supermarket with 214 shops all over Australia. It used to have shops in Western Australia called Newmart. It changed the names of all its stores to Coles Supermarkets in 2006 and 2007. John Weekes started Bi-Lo towards the end of the 1970s in the city of Adelaide in South Australia with three shops. It was called "Bi-Lo" because it sells food and everyday articles at relatively cheap prices. Sucrose Sucrose (common name: table sugar, also called saccharose) is a disaccharide (glucose + fructose) with the molecular formula C12H22O11. Its systematic name is α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fructofuranose. It is best known for its role in human nutrition and is formed by plants but not by higher organisms. Physical and chemical properties. Pure sucrose is most often prepared as a fine, white, odorless crystalline powder with a pleasing, sweet taste. Disaccharide A disaccharide is a sugar (a carbohydrate) composed of two monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose that make up the disaccharide sucrose. It is formed when two sugars are joined together and a molecule of water is removed. Due to this, disaccharides cannot hydrolyse, meaning their molecules are unable to be broken down through a reaction with water. For example, milk sugar (lactose) is made from glucose and galactose whereas cane sugar (sucrose) is made from glucose and fructose. Common disaccharides. Maltose and cellobiose are hydrolysis products of the polysaccharides, starch and cellulose, respectively. Some common Disaccharides are: Maltose, Lactose and Sucrose. Biological hazard A biological hazard, or biohazard, is anything coming from living organisms (i.e. pollen, fungi, animals, insects, bacteria and viruses) that could be a threat to someone's health. It is represented by ☣, the biohazard symbol, which is used everywhere in the world. When people see this sign they know to take precautions, and to follow proper conduct for science labs. Biosafety levels. There are four biosafety levels made by the Center of Disease Control. These are used in laboratories so only people who have the right skills can enter. Different levels mean scientists must wear different uniforms and take special care when dealing with dangerous things like viruses. Biosafety Level 1 The viruses handled in BSL-1 are not very dangerous and usually only cause mild sickness. Diseases in BSL-1 include chicken pox and some E-Coli strains. People in BSL-1 have to wash their hands with soap, wear gloves, and put waste materials in specially-marked bins. Biosafety Level 2 BSL-2 is filled with slightly more hazourdous diseases than BSL-1. They have to take more safety precautions has a result. Hepatitis, influenza, HIV / AIDS, and salmonella are handled here. Biosafety Level 3 BSL-3 is for diseases that may kill but are less deadly than those in Level 4, SARS and yellow fever. A lot of them are airborne, and the lab must be in an closed off area in case of an incident. Biosafety Level 4 BSL-4 is for very hazardous diseases that kill many people and are hard to treat. BSL-4 workers must be careful and alert at all times and wear suits with special air filters. A lot of hemorrhagic fevers are dealt with in BSL-4, like Ebola, Marburg, and Lassa Virus. Tel Aviv Port Tel Aviv Port (נמל תל אביב; Namal Tel Aviv) was an old port in Tel Aviv, Israel. It was used between the years 1938 and 1965. It was next to the mouth of the Yarkon River. After it closed in 1965, it was moved to Ashdod Port and became a warehouse area. In the 2000s, it was renovated and became a ​​commercial and recreational area. Programs of reconstruction and rehabilitation are being carried out after more than ten years. The Tel Aviv Port was a part of a big development area called the Yarkon River Peninsula. It was built beside the Orient Fair and looks like a peninsula from above. The area around the port was built in the 1930s. Jaffa Port Jaffa Port is an ancient port in Old Jaffa, Israel. The port has history from the time of the Bible until the 20th century. In 1936 the Tel Aviv Port was opened on the mouth of the Yarkon River to replace Jaffa Port. In 1965 the Ashdod Port next to Lakish River and was built to replace the ports at Jaffa and Tel Aviv. In the 2000s, the port area was renovated and become an area of commercial and recreation for tourists and visitors. Acre Port Acre Port is an ancient port in the old city of Acre, Israel. The port has a 2000-year-old history. Recent archaeology suggests that the port was originally in the south of Acre, at the mouth of Na'aman River. The port was closed in the time of the British Mandate, which chose to use the Haifa Port instead of Acre. In 1965, a new breakwater was built. In 1982, the port became a marina. Abbotsford International Airport Abbotsford International Airport is a public airport in Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada. It is about 4.1 km (2.5 mi) southwest of Abbotsford's city centre. It is the second-largest airport in the Lower Mainland after Vancouver International Airport. In 2010, it was the nineteenth busiest airport in Canada by aircraft movements (102,128) and passengers (503,693). List of governors of Washington The Governor of Washington is the leader of the Executive branch of the State of Washington's government. Jay Inslee is currently serving as governor. Governors. Governors of the State of Washington. Washington became a state on November 11, 1889. The term for governor is four years. It begins on the second Monday in the January after the election. Airliner An airliner is a type of transport aircraft for transporting passengers and air cargo. Such aircraft are most often operated by airlines. The largest airliners are called "wide-body aircraft". These aircraft are frequently called "twin-aisle aircraft" because they generally have two separate aisles running from the front to the back of the passenger cabin. These aircraft are usually used for long-haul flights between airline hubs and major cities with many passengers. A smaller, more common class of airliners is the "narrow-body aircraft" or "single aisle" aircraft. These smaller airliners are generally used for short to medium-distance flights with fewer passengers than their wide-body counterparts. References. <br> Ghosts of Girlfriends Past Ghosts of Girlfriends Past is a 2009 American romantic comedy fantasy movie. Emma Stone, Lacey Chabert, Michael Douglas and Anne Archer make up the cast. This movie looks at failures, heartache, rejection, love and romantic pain. It was released in May 2009. The reviews were negative. However, the movie did quite well at the box office. The Spokesman-Review The Spokesman Review Is a newspaper based in Spokane, Washington, in the United States. It is a broadsheet newspaper, meaning it is a lot longer than it is wide. A new one is written every day. It is Spokane's only daily newspaper. History. "The Spokesman-Review" was started when two old newspapers merged (meaning they joined together to make one). Those newspapers were called "Spokane Falls Review" and "Spokesman", and they were merged in 1893. The first newspaper to be printed as "The Spokesman-Review" happened in June 29, 1894. It used to published three different newspapers each day: one for Spokane, one for Spokane Valley, and one for Northern Idaho. However, downsizing in 2007 caused "The Spokesman-Review" to only print one paper a day from then on. "The Spokesman-Review" is thought to lean Liberal, especially when it involves opinions on city hall and hate-groups in the Eastern Washington-Northern Idaho area. Those hate groups didn't like that. In 1997, three far right militants were convicted of bombing the Spokane Valley office of "The Spokesman-Review". "The Spokesman-Review" is owned by Cowles Publishing Company. Cowles also owns KHQ-TV, a news station in Spokane. This makes "The Spokesman-Review" one of only a few family-owned newspapers in the United States. However, Cowles gets criticized for allegedly using its many news outlets to affect public opinion, and this makes "The Spokesman-Review" criticized for the same reasons. Once, something called "the River Park Square garage issue" occurred, in which Cowles could have made $20 million for affecting public opinion. An independent review by the Washington News Council showed that "The Spokesman-Review" did have bias on the issue. "The Spokesman-Review" is Washington State's third most read newspaper. Only the Seattle Times in Seattle and the News-Tribune in Tacoma are read by more people. Teresa Palmer Teresa Mary Palmer (born 26 February 1986) is an Australian actress, model, writer and producer. She acts mostly in movies. She acted in "The Grudge 2" in 2006, in "December Boys", and in "Bedtime Stories" with Adam Sandler. 21 & Over 21 and Over is a party comedy movie released in early 2013. The movie looks at underage drinking and college partying. This movie got very bad review by critics. The box office intake was positive. Broken City Broken City is an American crime drama thriller movie. Catherine Zeta-Jones and Mark Wahlberg are in the cast. The movie is about murder and betrayal over seven years. It got bad reviews from movie critics. It did not make much money. Bed bug infestation A bed bug bite can cause skin rashes and allergic reactions. Bed bug bites can cause visible marks on a person's skin. To be certain that marks on the skin come from bites, person needs to find bed bugs around the sleeping area. Treatment involves the elimination of the insect. Because of growth of population and constant growth of developed countries, bed bug bite cases have been rising a lot in 1980s–1990s. The reason behind it is unclear - most think that it is caused by increase in international traveling, increase in second hand furniture market and growing immunity to anti bed bug sprays. Bed bugs have been known to human for thousands years. Virginia Madsen Virginia Madsen (born September 11, 1961) is an American actress who acts mostly in movies. Her career began in the 1980s and has included many notable television and movie roles. Her best known role was Helen in "Candyman" (1992). Madsen was born in Chicago. Joe Lieberman Joseph Isadore "Joe" Lieberman (born February 24, 1942) is a former United States Senator from Connecticut. Before that he was the Attorney General of Connecticut and a member of the Connecticut Senate. When he was a senator, he had another position, Chairman of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. He was a former member of the Democratic Party, he was the party's nominee for vice president in the 2000 election. He is currently an Independent. Early life. Lieberman was born in Stamford, Connecticut, the son of Marcia (née Manger) and Henry Lieberman, who ran a liquor store. His family was Jewish. His paternal grandparents emigrated from Poland and his maternal grandparents were from Austria. 2000 election. In the 2000 election, he was chosen by Al Gore for his vice president. Lieberman and Gore lost the electoral vote to George W. Bush and Dick Cheney, but they won the popular vote. Personal life. Lieberman lives in New Haven, Connecticut. Vatican Library The Vatican Library is the library of the Holy See. Its official name is Vatican Apostolic Library ("Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana"). It was formally established in 1475. Its collections are very significant, it contains over 75,000 codices. There are over 150,000 manuscripts, and over 8,300 innucables. In total, there are over 2 million books and manuscripts. There is also a school for librarians, and a workshop to restore ancient tets and to create facsimile copies. Very Large Telescope The Very Large Telescope (VLT) is a telescope operated by the European Southern Observatory. It is on Cerro Paranal in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. Overview. The VLT consists of four separate telescopes, each with a main mirror 8.2 metres across. They are often used separately, but they can be used together to get a very high angular resolution. The observatory also has four movable Auxiliary Telescopes (ATs) of 1.8 m aperture. It operates at visible and infrared wavelengths. Each individual telescope can detect objects roughly four billion times fainter than can be seen with the naked eye. When all the telescopes are combined, the facility can achieve an angular resolution of about 0.001 arc-second. This is equivalent to roughly two metres at the distance of the Moon. The VLT is the most productive ground-based facility for astronomy: only the Hubble Space Telescope leads to more scientific papers in observational astronomy. Among the pioneering observations carried out using the VLT are the first direct image of an exoplanet, the tracking of individual stars moving around the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way, and observations of the afterglow of the furthest known gamma-ray burst. Auxiliary Telescopes. The four smaller 1.8-metre ATs are available and dedicated to interferometry. This allows the VLT to operate every night on visible and infrared wavelengths. Pope Gregory V Gregory V (; c. 972-18 February 999), also known as Bruno of Carinthia, was a German priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 139th Pope from 3 May 996 to 18 February 999. Early life. Bruno of Carinthia was a son of Otto I, Duke of Carinthia. He was made chaplain of the Holy Roman Emperor Otto III. Pope. Bruno was elected pope in 996; and he chose to be called Gregory. He was the first German Pope. Man on a Ledge Man on a Ledge is a 2012 American action crime thriller movie. It is set in New York City. It is about an escaped convict who threatens to kill himself by jumping from a ledge on the 21st floor of a Manhattan hotel. It stars Sam Worthington, Elizabeth Banks and Jamie Bell. This movie did not get good reviews. It only barely got back its actual budget. The rating was PG-13. Story. Nick Cassidy (Sam Worthington) enters a hotel room, pretending to be called Joe Walker. After eating a meal and wiping his fingerprints off everything he touched, he climbs out of the window and stands on the ledge outside. He acts as if he is going to jump off to his death. Soon, people below notice and the police are called. When the police ask Nick if he has any requests, he asks to talk to negotiator Lydia Mercer (Elizabeth Banks), who is taking time off work after failing to convince someone not to jump off of the Brooklyn Bridge. When she tricks him into accepting a cigarette, she gets his fingerprint and the police soon find out his true name. Nick was sent to prison for a crime he did not commit, but escaped when he was allowed off prison grounds for his father's funeral. To prove he did not commit the crime, he is distracting the police whilst his brother Joey Cassidy (Jamie Bell), and his girlfriend Angie (Genesis Rodriguez) break into David Englander's (Ed Harris) vault to retrieve the diamond he was arrested for stealing. Nick believes Englander faked the diamond's theft in order to get money from his insurance, after the 2008 financial crisis. During this time Nick's old partner from when he was a policeman is trying to find out why Nick is on the ledge and out of prison. After realising that Englander's vault is near the hotel where Nick is, the police send a team of people to check that the vault has not been robbed. After being informed by Nick through an earpiece, Angie and Joey are able to hide whilst the police search the building. When Joey and Angie finally break into the final vault, the diamond they are looking for is not there. Instead, they set off the alarms deliberately, meaning Englander, who is aware Nick is in the area, retrieves the diamond from a hidden panel in the wall. Joey and Angie then confront Englander in his office, forcing him at gunpoint to give them the diamond and handcuff himself to a heavy vault. A police team begins to chase Nick, believing he has explosives in the area, forcing him to flee the ledge and enter the hotel. Joey and Angie give the diamond to a hotel employee, who later hands it to Nick, helping him escape the police. Englander escapes, ordering Marcus, a corrupt policeman who he employs, to kidnap Joey and Angie. When he realises Joey and Angie do not have the diamond, Marcus gives chase to Nick, who has been coaxed onto the roof by the police. David and Marcus then threaten to kill Joey unless Nick returns the diamond. Nick gives David the diamond, but soon jumps from the rooftop of the hotel onto a soft mattress, laid out by the police near the beginning of the film, to catch David, showing the crowd the diamond, finally proving he did not steal it and should not have been arrested. After Nick has been released from prison, he celebrates at a bar with Joey, Angie, Lydia, and his father, who faked his own death to give Nick a chance to escape. Joey asks Angie to marry him, presenting her a diamond from Englander's vault, and she agrees. The film ends as they all celebrate. Reception. The film was unpopular amongst critics, barely being able to break even with its initial budget of $42 million. The film's music was thought of as mediocre, not being as good as the author's other work (Henry Jackman). DVD and Blu-ray release. The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray. It also had a steelbook released in Dutch areas. The DVD and Blu-ray had "budget" releases that were cheaper, but were not different. The DVD and Blu-ray releases have audio-voiceovers on the special features. This means people who cannot see very well are still able to watch the film. This is not in the steelbook release though, as this release lacks any menus and plays the film automatically upon insertion. The steelbook's front cover also displays Sam Worthington in a different costume than he wore in the film.The back of the steelbook has errors on it that don't add up with the story. This means that the story might have been changed when the film was released in different countries. The 4K UHD Blu-Ray was released on April 09, 2019. Soundtrack. The music in the film was made by Henry Jackman. This simple table below details all of the songs in the soundtrack and their lengths. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (American game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (sometimes called Millionaire) is an American quiz show based on the British show of the same name. One can win up to one million United States dollars ($1,000,000) on the show for answering fourteen (or fifteen in older versions) multiple choice trivia questions in a row. The first version of the show was hosted by Regis Philbin and it aired on primetime on ABC. It aired from August 16, 1999 to June 27, 2002. The current syndicated version started airing on September 16, 2002. Meredith Vieira hosted it for eleven seasons, leaving to work on other projects. Cedric the Entertainer was signed up to be the next host, and episodes with Cedric started in September 2013. Cedric announced on April 30, 2014 that he would not return for a second season because of his busy schedule. Terry Crews was signed up to be the next host, and episodes with he started in September 2014. Terry announced then that he would not return for another season because of his busy schedule. Chris Harrison was signed up to be the next host, and episodes with him started in September 2015. The format of the show has changed several times since the show has been on the air. The original format featured fifteen multiple choice questions that got harder as a player continued, and the money amounts got higher. Starting in 2008, the show started using a clock and contestants were timed. If time ran out, they were forced to walk away with the last prize amount they won. The format changed again in 2010 where the first ten questions had random money amounts and difficulty. The second round is then similar to the older Millionaire shows. There are only fourteen questions in this version. The format was changed back in 2015, the format featured fourteen multiple choice questions that got harder as a player continued, the money amounts got higher, the first 10 question amounts are no longer randomized. On January 8, 2020, ABC renewed the show for a 21st season, hosted by Jimmy Kimmel. The new season premiered April 8, 2020 and its success led to the show being renewed for further seasons. Married to the Mob Married to the Mob is a 1988 American gangster romantic comedy movie. It was directed by Jonathan Demme. The story is about a woman trying to distance herself from Mafia networks. Michelle Pfeiffer, Joan Cusack and Nancy Travis are in the cast. The reviews of this movie were very positive. The box office intake was very high for this movie. Pope Adrian I Adrian I (c. 700 – 25 December 795) was Pope from 772 until his death in 795. Soon after he became pope, there was a threat from Desiderius, king of the Lombards. Adrian was forced to ask Charlemagne for help. In 787, there was the Second Council of Nicaea. The council allowed to venerate icons, in certain cases. Overvoltage An overvoltage is whenever power circuits are raised beyond their desired levels. The conditions of an overvoltage are sometimes hazardous. Incidents that may lead to an overvoltage may include a solar flare or lightning. Viverridae The Viverridae is a family of small to medium-sized mammals, the viverrids. They are in the Feliformia, the cat-like carnivores. The family is made up of 15 genera and 33 species. It was named by John Edward Gray in 1821. They are found all over the Oriental region, all over Africa and into southern Europe. As they live in Madagascar and Celebes, this shows they also lived in the tropics of the Old World, and beyond it, over Wallace's line. Viverrids mostly live in tropical rainforest. They also live in woodland, savanna and mountains. "Civet cat". Many viverrids are civet cats, such as the genera "Vivera", "Civettictis" and "Viverricula". The term refers to their noticeable and (to us) unpleasant scent. It is sometimes used for other cats which happen to be rather smelly. Vivverrids of the genus "Genetta" are known as 'genets', and there is another genus, "Poiana", which are called 'linsangs'. The genet "Genetta genetta" is the only viverid to live in Europe. It is the striped-tail one at top right in the illustration above. Characteristics. Viverrids are the most basal ('primitive') of all the families of cat-like animals and less specialized than the Felidae. Their skeletons are similar to those of fossils dating back to the Eocene, up to 50 million years ago. In external characters, they are distinguished from the Felidae by the hind foot being five-toed and typically by the longer muzzle and shorter limbs. The skull differs as does the dental formula. They have anal glands which may secrete a strong odour. Many species have striped tails. Viverrids, though in the order Carnivora, are mostly omnivorous. The species popularly called "palm civets" are entirely herbivorous. Civets and SARS. On January 13, 2004 the American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued an embargo on the importation of Civets into the United States. They said that the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus was found in Civets from China. Tubular bells Tubular bells, also known as chimes, are a percussion instrument. They make a bell sound when hit with a mallet. They are used in Mike Oldfield's album "Tubular Bells". Marco Belinelli Marco Stefano Belinelli (born March 25, 1986 in San Giovanni in Persiceto) is an Italian basketball player. He used to play for the Golden State Warriors, for the Toronto Raptors, and for the New Orleans Hornets. In 2012, he started playing for the Chicago Bulls. Tjunti Tjunti is a soakage site near Kaḻṯukatjara, in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is where the Hull River cuts through the Petermann Ranges. It is about to the southeast of Kaḻṯukatjara (41 km by road, along the Tjukaruru Road). Tjunti is the site where the famous gold prospector Harold B. Lasseter took refuge on his fatal search for Lasseter's Reef. An outstation was established here in 1977, and belongs to a Pitjantjatjara family. The gap in the mountains is formed here by the Hull River, a sandy creek that is usually dry. It splits the Curdie Range in the south from the Mannanana Range in the north. There are several soaks and rockholes in the area. The small cave where Lasseter took refuge is (now commonly called Lasseter's Cave in English). This is an opening in a rock formation in the Mannanana Range (). Lasseter took shelter here for about 25 days during January 1931. He was trying to find a rich gold deposit that he claimed to have discovered in the area on an earlier expedition. His camels ran away, and he was stranded in the desert without food. While taking shelter in the cave, Lasseter wrote about his journey in his diary. He was later found by a local Pitjantjatjara family, who gave him food and water. After this, Lasseter decided to leave the cave and tried to walk the to Kata Tjuṯa. He was weak from dehydration, malnutrition and exhaustion, and he died three days later, after walking about . Nate Robinson Nathaniel Cornelius "Nate" Robinson (born May 31, 1984 in Seattle, Washington) is an American professional basketball player. In 2012, he started playing for the Chicago Bulls. He played for the New York Knicks, for the Boston Celtics, for the Oklahoma City Thunder, and for the Golden State Warriors. Tom Thibodeau Tom Thibodeau (born January 17, 1958 in New Britain, Connecticut) is an American basketball coach. He was the head coach of the Chicago Bulls. He was the assistant coach for many teams in the National Basketball Association including the Philadelphia 76ers, for the New York Knicks, and for the Boston Celtics. He won NBA Coach of the Year in 2011and in 2012 he won the NBA All-Star Game head coach. In 2012, he became the fastest coach in NBA history to earn 100 victories and finished as the runner-up for Coach of the Year. Doug Wilson Douglas Frederick Wilson (born July 5, 1957 in Ottawa, Ontario) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman that played in National Hockey League. He served as general manager of the San Jose Sharks from 2003 to 2022. Wilson was drafted by both the Chicago Black Hawks with the 6th overall pick in the 1977 NHL Draft and the Indianapolis Racers with the 5th overall pick in the 1977 WHA Amateur Draft. Wilson played 14 seasons with the Chicago Black Hawks and was then acquired by the San Jose Sharks before the Sharks first season. He played 2 seasons with the Sharks and brought credibility and respect to the young franchise before announcing at the Sharks training camp during the 1993-94 NHL season that he was going to retire from professional hockey. He was inducted into the Chicago Sports Hall of Fame in September 1999. He replaced Dean Lombardi when he was hired as general manager of the San Jose Sharks on May 13, 2003. His brother Murray Wilson also played professional hockey in the NHL and won four Stanley Cups with the Montreal Canadiens. The Bling Ring The Bling Ring is an American-British-French-German-Japanese biographical crime drama movie that was released in June 2013. A gang of young burglars use the Internet to find and rob celebrities' houses. Leslie Mann and Emma Watson have parts in the movie. The movie has an MPAA R rating. The Vow (2012 movie) The Vow is a 2012 romance comedy drama movie. The cast includes Rachel McAdams, Channing Tatum and Jessica Lange. The subjects in this movie are amnesia, marriage and love. This romantic comedy got negative reviews while in theaters. However, the movie made over $196 million worldwide and became a success. Indecent Proposal Indecent Proposal is a 1993 American romantic drama movie. It was directed by Adrian Lyne. Robert Redford, Demi Moore and Woody Harrelson make the cast. The movie is about a gambler who offers a couple one million dollars if he can spend a night with the wife. Reviews for "Indecent Proposal" were mixed. The box office intake was good. Liam Jurrah Liam Jungarrayi Jurrah (born 22 September 1988) is a professional Australian rules footballer. He used to play for the Melbourne Football Club. Jurrah was recruited by Melbourne Football Club from the Yuendumu Magpies (CAFL) in 2008. His first game was against Essendon at Etihad Stadium in the 2009 season. Jurrah was born in Yuendumu, in the Northern Territory. He was the first indigenous person from a remote community in central Australia to play in the Australian Football League. He is an initiated member of the Warlpiri people. His skin name is "Jungarrayi". He grew up speaking four different dialects of the Western Desert, and learned English at school. Jurrah began playing Australian rules football when he was very young. He played for the local team, the Yuendumu Magpies, against other communities such as Papunya, Lajamanu and Hermannsburg. Furuset Forum Furuset Forum is a sports arena in Oslo, Norway. The seating capacity of the arena is 1,498 people. It was built in 1979. The main sport played on it is ice hockey. It is also used by other sports for training and events. These include handball and floorball. It is near the metro which makes it popular and easy to get to. The arena has disabled parking spots, food and drink facilities. It is the home of the Furuset ice hockey team. Eric Nesterenko Eric "Sonja" Nesterenko (October 31, 1933 – June 6, 2022) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre that played 21 seasons in the National Hockey League. Wilson played 5 seasons with the Toronto Maple Leafs and 16 seasons with the Chicago Black Hawks. He also played for the Chicago Cougars of the World Hockey Association in 1973–74 as well as coached a year in Switzerland. He won the Stanley Cup with the Black Hawks in the 1960-61 NHL season. He retired from professional hockey in 1971 and since that time he has worked as a disc jockey, a stockbroker, a travel broker, a freelance writer, a university professor and a ski instructor. He also acted in the movie, "Youngblood", where he played the father of Rob Lowe's character Dean Youngblood. Nesterenko died on June 6, 2022 at the age of 88. Yuendumu Yuendumu is a town in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is one of the larger remote communities in central Australia. It is 293 km northwest of Alice Springs. There are about 817 people living at Yuendumu; most are Warlpiri and Anmatyerre Aboriginal people. The town is within the Yuendumu Aboriginal Lands Trust area on traditional homelands and includes many outstations. Yuendumu was established in 1946. In 1947, a Baptist mission was started there. By 1955, many Warlpiri families had settled in the town. In 2006, Yuendumu has three community stores, a school, airstrip, swimming pool, a large community of Aboriginal artists, a media organisation, a church, an old people's centre, women's centre and safe house. Valley Girl (movie) Valley Girl is a 1983 American romantic comedy movie set in Los Angeles. It is about school partying, attitude and relationships. Nicolas Cage and Colleen Camp are part of the cast. The reviews were very good. The movie made over $17 million. Marg Helgenberger Mary Margaret "Marg" Helgenberger (November 16, 1958) is an American actress. She acts in both television programs and movies. She has won the People's Choice, Emmy and Screen Actors Guild Awards. Helgenberger is best known for her action on the TV series "". She was born in Fremont, Nebraska. Pink Cadillac (movie) Pink Cadillac is a 1989 action comedy movie. The movie is about white supremacists from whom a woman tries to get away driving a pink Cadillac. Clint Eastwood, Bernadette Peters, Geoffrey Lewis, and Frances Fisher have roles in this comedy. The reviews of "Pink Cadillac" were negative. Its box office intake was very weak. Wayne Hicks Wayne Wilson Hicks (born April 9, 1937 in Aberdeen, Washington) is a retired American professional ice hockey right winger that played 6 seasons in the National Hockey League. Wilson played 1 game with the Chicago Black Hawks during the 1961 Stanley Cup Finals and helped them win a Stanley Cup. He then played 1 season with the Boston Bruins before joining the Montreal Canadiens for 1 season. After his season with the Canadiens was finished, he moved to the Pittsburgh Penguins for 1 season and then the Philadelphia Flyers for 1 season. He retired from professional hockey in 1974 after 4 season with the Phoenix Roadrunners of the Western Hockey League. His son Alex Hicks also played hockey in the NHL with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, Pittsburgh Penguins, San Jose Sharks, and Florida Panthers. He is widely considered to be a human. Ye Wanyong Ye Wanyong (, Hanja: , 7 June 1858 – 12 February 1926), also known as Yi Wanyong, was a politician, diplomat and writer of during the Korean Joseon dynasty. He was prime minister of the Korean Empire in 1896 and from 1907 to 1909. He signed the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910. His penname was Ildang (일당, 一堂). Cantonese Cantonese might mean: Lenovo Lenovo is a Chinese computer company that makes computers, laptops, tablets, and other devices. Lenovo was founded in Beijing in 1984 as Legend and was incorporated in Hong Kong in 1988. Lenovo acquired IBM's personal computer business in 2005 and agreed to acquire its Intel-based server business in 2014. In January 2014, Lenovo agreed to acquire the mobile phone handset maker Motorola Mobility from Google, and in October 2014 the deal was finalized. Name. "Lenovo" is a portmanteau word of "Le-" (from Legend) and "novo", Latin ablative for "new". The Chinese name () means "association" (as in "word association") or "connected thinking". Park Je-sun Park Je-sun (; , 7 December 1858 – 20 June 1919) was a Korean politician and diplomat during the Joseon dynasty. He was the Prime Minister of the Korean Empire between 1905 to 1907, and 1909 to 1910. He was a very important person of the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910. Julie & Julia Julie & Julia is a 2009 drama-comedy movie. The movie is about two women who have similar first names and like to do similar things. Meryl Streep plays Julia Child. This movie was rated PG-13 by the MPAA. Reviews for "Julie & Julia" were mostly positive. The overall intake was $129 million. East Point, Louisiana East Point is an Unincorporated community in Red River Parish, Louisiana, United States. Project Runway (season 1) Project Runway Season 1 was the first season of "Project Runway" series. The season aired first on December 1, 2004. The winner was Jay McCaroll. He won several prizes including an "Elle" spread, a $100,000 cash prize to start his own line and more. Austin Scarlett later appeared in "Project Runway: All Stars" in 2012, where he finished runner-up. Wendy Pepper, in the same year, competed in the second season of the All Stars edition placing 12th out of 13. Contestants. The 12 models competing for an "ELLE" spread in the first season were: Pope Gregory VI Pope Gregory VI (; died 1048), born Johannes Gratianus, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 149th Pope from 1 May 1045 until his abdication on 20 December 1046. Early life. Johannes Gratianus was born in Rome, but the date of his birth is not known. Pope. Gratianus became pope in 1045; and he took the name Gregory. There was a problem in the way he became pope. Gregory VI willingly resigned; and then he retired to a monastery. Hildebrand was the papal chaplain. This priest stayed with the former pope until his death in Cologne. Royal Palace, Oslo The Royal Palace (, or ) in Oslo, Norway is the official home of the present Norwegian monarch. It was built in the early 19th century as the Norwegian home of King Charles III. He was King of Sweden as well as Norway. The palace has 173 rooms. History. Before the Royal Palace was built, Norwegian royalty lived in "Paleet". It was a very nice town house in Christiania. Paleet was given to the government of Norway by a rich merchant named Bernt Anker in 1805. During the last years of the union with Denmark, it was used by the viceroys of Norway. In 1814, the first king of independent Norway, Christian Frederick used it as his home. King Charles III John picked the site for the Royal Palace on the western side of Christiania in 1821. He had the inexperienced Dutch-born architect Linstow design the building. The Parliament approved the cost of 150 000 Speciedaler. Work on the site started in 1824. On 1 October 1825, the king laid down the foundation stone beneath the altar of the future Royal chapel. The cost of the foundation works caused the building to cost more than expected. They had to stop construction in 1827. It was started again in 1833. During this time, the Storting would not approve more money for the construction. They did this because they did not like that the king was trying to create closer ties between Norway and Sweden. In 1833, Linstow changed his plans to reduce the cost. Improved relations with the king made the Storting approve the money to finish the construction. The roof was put on in 1836. The inside of the building was finished during the late 1840s. King Charles John, who died in 1844, never lived in his palace. The first people to live in the palace were his son Oscar I and his queen Josephine. Boeing Model 40 The Boeing Model 40 was a mail plane. It was made in the 1920s. The Boeing Model 40 was a biplane with one engine. It was used a lot to deliver mail in the 1920s and 1930s. It was the first plane made by Boeing which carried passengers. Development and design. In 1925, the US Post Office asked for a mail plane to replace the DH-4s that it was using then. The new plane would need to use the same engine as the DH-4. A lot of these could be bought. The Boeing Model 40 could carry up to of mail. The mail was stored in two places at the front of the plane. The wings were made of wood. The Model 40 had landing gear that did not move. The Model 40 flew for the first time on July 7, 1925. The US Post Office bought the prototype of the Model 40, but it decided to use the Douglas M-2 instead. Later, Boeing made the Model 40A. The Model 40A had a new engine, which was lighter than the old one. A cabin was also made, which could carry passengers. of mail. The US Post Office let Boeing carry mail from San Francisco to Chicago in January 1927. Boeing built 24 Model 40As to do this. The next type of Model 40 was the Model 40C. It had a bigger cabin so that four passengers could be carried. Model 40As had their engines changed to even lighter ones. Model 40As with this new engine were called the Model 40B-2. The Model 40B-4 was another model which had the cabin of the Model 40C and the engine of the Model 40B-2. Boeing Model 40s were made until February 1932. History. Boeing made its own airline, which was called "Boeing Air Transport". It started flying from San Francisco to Chicago on July 1, 1927. Survivors. As of February 17, 2008, a Model 40 called Boeing 40C S/N 1043 is the only Model 40 which can still fly. It is the oldest Boeing plane which can still fly. In 1928, the aircraft was damaged after a crash. It was rebuilt by Pemberton and Sons Aviation in Spokane, Washington. On May 8, 2010, this plane flew with Boeing's newest plane, the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. Many museums have some Model 40s in them. Ray Benson Ray Benson (born March 16, 1951 ) is an American country singer. He has been the singer and leader of the band Asleep at the Wheel since it was founded in 1969. With the band, Benson has released 20 albums and won 9 Grammy Awards. In 2003, he released his first solo album. Benson is also a producer. He has worked on albums and singles for Dale Watson, Suzy Bogguss, Aaron Watson, Carolyn Wonderland, Willie Nelson, Aaron Neville, Brad Paisley, Pam Tillis, Trace Adkins, Merle Haggard, and Vince Gill. Personal life and early career. Ray Benson was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Jewish family. He started his band, Asleep at the Wheel, in 1969. In March 2020, Benson was diagnosed with COVID-19. Holger Juul Hansen Holger Juul Hansen (August 14, 1924 – March 19, 2013) was an Danish actor. Hansen was in many Danish movies and television shows. He was best known for his roles as the banker Hans Christian Varnæs, head of one of the two rival families in "Matador", and as Doctor Moesgaard in "The Kingdom". Hansen was born on August 14, 1924 in Nyborg, Denmark. Hansen died on March 19, 2013 in Denmark from natural causes, aged 88. Marty Allen Marty Allen (born Morton David Alpern, March 23, 1922 – February 12, 2018) was an American comedian, actor, activist, and writer. Allen was known for his stand-up comedy jokes in nightclubs in California and in Las Vegas. He also wrote books about his career and support many foundations. Allen was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to a Jewish family. He studied at Taylor Allderdice High School and at the University of Southern California. Allen was married to Frenchie Allen until her death in 1976. Then he was married to Katie Blackwell from 1984 until his death in 2018. He had no children. Allen lived in Las Vegas, Nevada and in Los Angeles, California. He died of problems from pneumonia in Las Vegas on February 12, 2018. He was 95. Robin Stjernberg Robin James Olof Stjernberg born 22 February 1991, Hässleholm, Sweden) is a Swedish pop singer. He represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 in Malmö on 18 May 2013 with the song "You". Eurovision Song Contest 2013 The 58 Annual Eurovision Song Contest was held in Malmö, Sweden. The semifinals were on 14 and 16 May. The final was on 18 May 2013. The host for the contest was Swedish Comedian Petra Mede. Denmark won the competition. Semi-finals. Semi-final 1. Italy, Sweden and the United Kingdom also voted in this semi-final. The songs colored in orange qualified for the final. Semi-final 2. Germany, France and Spain voted in this semi-final. The songs colored in orange qualified for the final. Adjustment disorder Adjustment disorder happens when a person is unable to cope with or adjust to certain stressors. People who have adjustment disorder often have symptoms such as losing interest, being sad, crying, feeling anxious and constant worries. These symptoms are from outside stressors, although they resolve when individuals become used to the situations. The stressors may include, although are not limited to: hurricanes, being abused, accidents and traumatic events. This problem can happen at any age. In adults, however, adult women are diagnosed almost twice as often as men. Rik Wilson Richard William Wilson (June 17, 1962 – January 22, 2016) was an American sports trainer and retired professional ice hockey right winger. He played 7 seasons in the National Hockey League. Wilson played 5 seasons game with the St. Louis Blues and then joined the Calgary Flames for 2 games. He ended his NHL career with the Chicago Blackhawks after playing 14 games with them. He retired from professional hockey in 1988. Wilson currently owns Power Play Performance Sports Training, a sports training center in St. Louis. Wilson died on January 22, 2016 from unknown causes in St. Louis, Missouri at the age of 53. Valerie Mahaffey Valerie Mahaffey (June 16, 1953) is an American actress who acts mostly for television programs. She acted in the sitcom "Desperate Housewives". She has had some movies during her career. She was raised near Austin, Texas. PaRappa the Rapper PaRappa the Rapper is a rhythm video game created by Rodney Greenblat, Masaya Matsuura and his company, NanaOn-Sha, in 1996. The game is named after a beanie-wearing dog in the game, PaRappa, with his motto "I gotta believe!", rapping his way to win the heart of his crush, Sunny Funny, a flower. A PSP port of the original game was released in Japan in December 2006 in North America and Europe in July 2007. While the gameplay is not challenging for experienced gamers, the game is remembered for its unique graphic design of 2D characters and 3D objects, its quirky soundtrack and its bizarre plot. Despite being made in Japan, all of the game's songs and dialogue are spoken in English in all versions. The game is named after the main character. Gameplay. "PaRappa the Rapper" is a music game in which the main character, PaRappa, must make his way through each of the game's six stages by rapping. On each stage, the game alternates with the rapping teacher to PaRappa. There is a U 'RAPPING meter in the bottom right corner, which will show the player's performance with four levels, from top to bottom: "Cool", "Good", "Bad", and "Awful". The game works by a pattern of buttons (Triangle, Circle, Square, X, L, and R) PaRappa will have to copy. The teacher will set down a pattern and PaRappa will have to copy it. Players will stay on the "Good" ranking when staying to the beat. If he messes up two times in a row, he goes down a level. On the other hand, if he gets a pattern right, he moves up a level, with Good at the maximum. The player must clear the level on Good or Cool. If he clears it on Bad or Awful, or the meter goes below Awful during the game, he will have to try the level again. However, if the meter gets to Cool, the teacher will leave and PaRappa will be able to free-style. This is achieved by freestyling in a manner different to the predetermined lyric. If all of the levels are cleared with the meter on Cool, a bonus level, "K.T and the Sunny Funny Band", will be unlocked. However, the player must complete the game at least once before "Cool" can be reached. Plot. The player takes on the role of Parappa, a paper-thin rapping dog, who is trying to win the heart of a flower-like girl named Sunny Funny. However, he is intimidated by the presence of Andrea grelli, a rich, narcissistic dog who goes overboard with his attempts to impress Sunny. The game starts with a movie, "Jet Baby", being watched by the four main characters, PaRappa, Sunny, Katy Kat (a blue cat), and P.J Berri (a bear). When it's finished, they go to Chunky Burger, a restaurant. Somewhere after that, two bullies come up and pick on them, but they are stopped by Andrea grelli. However, he ends up chatting about his adventures, which take too long, and Sunny, P.J, and Katy leave. PaRappa thinks he should be a hero to impress Sunny, and decides to drop off at a kung-fu dojo, learning to fight with help from an onion, Chop Chop Master Onion. After that, they are at a plaza. PaRappa asks they should go down to a beach, but the others note they need a license and a car to do that. Andrea grelli, once again, arrives and shows them his new car, the Super Stretched Limo 900. They all like it, until Andrea grelli thinks Katy and Sunny should be with him at the front, and PaRappa and PJ all the way at the back. Both are far from amused. PaRappa then thinks if he had a car and license, he could take Sunny anywhere, and decides to drop off at a driver's education course to get his license, with help from a moose, Instructor Mooselini. After he gets his license, he still needs a car, and borrow's his dad's. He invites the others on. "You know, this is really a lot of fun. Wouldn't it be nice if we could so somewhere far far away?" Sunny's words echo in PaRappa's mind, and he doesn't pay attention to driving and instead thinks of him and Sunny on a date, but when their car crashes into a truck, and breaks into pieces, PaRappa has to go to a flea market owned by a frog, Prince Fleaswallow, to earn money to fix his car. Then, the day before Sunny's birthday arrives and PaRappa is assigned the job of getting a cake. However, he is knocked into the cake he spends his money on by Andrea grelli, who plans to win over PaRappa with his tall 42 story high cake. Since he is almost out of money, he needs to make a cake himself, following instructions from a cooking show by a chicken, "Cheap Cheap Chicken". The day comes, and his cake is a success. Katy gets an idea to leave PaRappa and Sunny alone, so she and PJ leave. Later, they watch the sunset together. Unfortunately, this goes wrong when PaRappa has a sudden urge to use the bathroom after eating most of the cake later that day. Sunny, on the other hand however, confuses him for "looking real manly today" instead of needing to go to the backroom. They decide to go home, but PaRappa, of course, stops at the restroom and sees his previous mentors, having to out-rap all of them to reach the only toilet in the restroom. Then, one night, he is invited to Club Fun, and asks Sunny to go with him, to which she agrees. After they arrive, PaRappa gets on stage with a spider, MC King Kong Mushi, then raps solo at the end of the song to express his true feelings for Sunny. Then the game ends when they all decide to see another movie. Development. The characters are 2D to preserve Rodney's unique style of artwork, who designed all of the characters. He was asked to help design the game from an interview by Masaya. Like in the "Paper Mario" series by Nintendo, all of the characters appear to be flat, two dimensional beings cut from paper while the surroundings are primarily three dimensional. The setting is a bright urban city; with its inhabitants ranging from animals (chickens, dogs, frogs, and cats), inanimate objects (onions, flowers, hammers), and some humans. Reception. The game spawned a merchandising campaign in Japan, a spinoff in 1999, an anime series in 2001, and a direct sequel for the PlayStation 2 in 2002. PaRappa is a playable character in "PlayStation All-Stars Battle Royale". There is another similar game by Masaya, "Vib Ribbon". Croatian Croatian might mean: Powell River, British Columbia Powell River is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Powell River is in the northern part of the Sunshine Coast region. The population of Powell River was 126,456 in 2011. The mayor of Powell River is Dave Formosa. The historic townsite was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada in 1995. Powell River has an ice hockey team, the Powell River Kings which play in the British Columbia Hockey League. Powell River was named a "Cultural Capital of Canada" in 2004 because of the its strong arts and cultural programs. Reactive attachment disorder Reactive attachment disorder is a severe condition which affects children and is represented by markedly disturbed or substandard ways of socially relating onto others. The problem may take the form of constant failure to initiate social interaction or too much response to relative strangers. Obvious symptoms for those affected include a failure to form normal attachment to primary caregivers. This may result because of abuse, sudden separation, trauma or neglect. The condition begins to affect children usually between three and 36 months past birth. Teresa of Ávila Teresa of Ávila, also called Saint Teresa of Jesus, baptized as Teresa Sánchez de Cepeda y Ahumada, (March 28, 1515 – October 4, 1582) was a well known Spanish mystic, Roman Catholic saint, Carmelite nun, writer of the Counter Reformation, and theologian of contemplative life through mental prayer. She was a reformer of the Carmelite Order and is considered to be a founder of the Discalced Carmelites along with John of the Cross. In 1622, forty years after her death, she was canonized by Pope Gregory XV and was in 1970 named a Doctor of the Church by Pope Paul VI. Her books, which include her autobiography (The Life of Teresa of Jesus) and her seminal work El Castillo Interior (The Interior Castle) are an integral part of Spanish Renaissance literature as well as Christian mysticism and Christian meditation practices as she entails in her other important work, Camino de Perfección (The Way of Perfection). Quote. 'Would it not be gross ignorance, my daughters, if, when a man was questioned about his name, or country, or parents, he could not answer? Stupid as this would be, it is unspeakably more foolish to care to learn nothing of our nature except that we possess bodies, and only to realise vaguely that we have souls... Charles Baudelaire Charles Pierre Baudelaire (9 April 1821 – 31 August 1867) was a French symbolist and modernist poet and art critic. He is best known for his volume of poetry "Les Fleurs du mal" (The Flowers of Evil) in 1857. Baudelaire was born in Paris, and studied law at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris. Baudelaire's first publication was his art review "Salon of 1845." Alienware Alienware is an American company, and, computer hardware manufacturer. The main product they create is gaming computers. They are a subsidiary of Dell. Alienware is mainly engaged in assembling personal computers (including laptops) from component third-party manufacturers. The company's products are used for graphically heavy applications, such as video and audio editing, modeling. History. The company was founded in 1996 Nelson Gonzalez and Alex Agila. Alienware was the first one who brought a number of new technologies to the market: Until 2006, the company was independent. It was a small firm that served only six countries (USA, Canada and four countries in Western Europe) and worked with all four languages. In 2006, it was bought by Dell, and from that time Alienware plans to be presented worldwide. In modern portfolio, these are some Alienware products: two desktop gaming stations, three models of game laptops, two classes "replacement desktop" and one mobile, as well as a line of accessories. Peggy Ann Garner Peggy Ann Garner (February 3, 1932-October 16, 1984) was an American actress. She acted in many movies and television programs. She acted mostly during her childhood. She was born in Canton, Ohio. She died in California from pancreatic cancer. Honeymoon in Vegas Honeymoon in Vegas is a 1992 romantic comedy movie. Sarah Jessica Parker and Nicolas Cage are featured. James Caan also acts in it. This movie was released on August 28 1992 by Columbia Pictures. It got positive reviews. Its box office intake was also good. Fijian Fijian might mean: Georgian Georgian might mean Simply Irresistible Simply Irresistible is a 1999 American romantic comedy-drama fantasy movie. The subject mixes magic, romance and love. Sarah Michelle Gellar, Patricia Clarkson and Amanda Peet are among the cast. This romantic comedy movie was released February 1999. The reviews were not good. And its box office performance was poor. Back to the Known Back to the Known is the second EP released by Bad Religion. The EP was released in 1985. The name of the EP is a reference to the band no longer playing the progressive rock music of its previous album, 1983's "Into the Unknown", and returning to its punk roots. List of genetic disorders This is a list of the most common genetic disorders in humans. If known, the type of mutation is shown, and the chromosome involved. Many other conditions are known to be partly or wholly inherited, but their genetic basis is not yet clear. A good example is "clefting" (cleft lip and palate), which occurs up to 4 per 1000 in Native Americans and some Asian populations, but which is almost unknown in African populations. About 20 genes are under investigation. Chancel The chancel is a part of the architecture of many churches. It serves as a barrier between the part of the church accessible to lay people and the choir, which was reserved to the clergy. The rood screen has the same function, but a different layout. The Iconostasis is a kind of chancel which is richly decorated, and is used in Eastern Orthodox churches. The chancel is where the congregation receives the blood and body of Jesus. The chancel is usually found in a Roman Catholic church. The bread and wine are changed to the body and blood of Jesus through transubstantiation. The Fourth Lateran Council of 1215 required clergy made sure that the area was inaccessible to the public. The main altar of the church is usually in the area behind the Chancel. Salal Salal is the common English name of a plant in the family Ericaceae. The Lewis and Clark Expedition found it in North America. The expedition took place from 1804 to 1806. Frederick Traugott Pursh first described it. The official botanical name is "Gaultheria shallon". It is also known as shallon or Gaultheria in English. The plant was introduced to Great Britain in 1828. Today, it is often used for flower arrangements. It was also used as a cover for pheasants. The plant also has medicinal properties. It is used for treatment of inflammation and cramps. The plant is called "Shallon-Scheinbeere" in German language. The young leaves and berries can be eaten. Fitts's law Fitts's law is a theorem which states that the time needed to reach a surface is proportional to the distance from that surface, and to its size. Paul Fitts stated this theorem in 1954. Today, the theroem is mostly used for the development of user interfaces. Deron Quint Deron Timothy Quint (born March 12, 1976 in Durham, New Hampshire) is an American professional ice hockey defenceman that currently plays for the Traktor Chelyabinsk of the Kontinental Hockey League. Quint also played in the National Hockey League for 11 seasons. In the NHL, he played for the Winnipeg Jets, Phoenix Coyotes, New Jersey Devils, Columbus Blue Jackets, Chicago Blackhawks, and the New York Islanders. The Wanted The Wanted are an English-Irish boy band. They are made up of five members: Max George, Nathan Sykes, Tom Parker, Jay McGuiness and Siva Kaneswaran. They formed in 2009 and released their first album in 2010. So far, they have released three albums: "The Wanted" (2010), "Battleground" (2011), and "Word of Mouth" (2013). These reached the fourth, fifth, and ninth place in the UK album charts. Their first single, "All Time Low", reached number 1 in the UK singles chart. In 2011 they also recorded the song "Gold Forever" which was the official single for Comic Relief. Shapley Supercluster The Shapley Supercluster or Shapley Concentration (SCl 124) is the largest concentration of galaxies in our nearby universe. It is a gravitationally interacting unit 650 million light years away (z=0.046). This means it pulls itself together, instead of expanding with the universe. It is an overdensity in the distribution of galaxies in the constellation of Centaurus. History. In the late 1920s, Harlow Shapley and his colleagues at the Harvard College Observatory started a survey of galaxies in the southern sky, using photographic plates obtained at the 24-inch Bruce telescope at Bloemfontein, South Africa. He found a 'cloud' in the constellation of Centaurus to be the most striking concentration of galaxies. In recent times, the Shapley Supercluster was rediscovered, in a survey of galaxies of galaxies at the University of Cambridge in England. In this paper, the supercluster was named after Shapley, in recognition of his pioneering survey of galaxies in which this concentration of galaxies was first seen. Around the same time, others had noticed a remarkable concentration of clusters in the Abell catalogue of galaxy clusters: they had named it the "Alpha concentration". Jake Bugg Jake Bugg (born 28 February 1994) is an English singer and songwriter. He was born and raised in Nottingham. He was chosen by the BBC to participate in the Glastonbury Festival in 2011. He got a contract with a record label after that. His first album, "Jake Bugg", was released on 15 October 2012. It came top of the charts in the UK and in Scotland. He has published seven singles from his album: "Trouble Town", "Country Song", "Lightning Bolt", "Taste It", "Two Fingers", "Seen It All" and "Broken". Bugg released his second album "Shangri La" on 18 November 2013. Bugg was nominated for "British Breakthrough Act" at the 2013 Brit Awards. His third album "On My One" was released on 17 June 2016. Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games is a sports video game created by Sega Sports R&D and published by Nintendo. It is the first video game to have both "Mario" and "Sonic the Hedgehog" characters. It was released for the Nintendo Wii in November 2007 and for the Nintendo DS in January 2008. It was the official video game of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games. Players can play 24 events. Both versions have different events. The events are based off of the actual Olympic events played in real life. 16 characters are playable. They are separated into four categories: all-around, speed, power, and skill. In the Wii version, the player can also play as a Mii created in the Mii Channel. Altınyazı, Mucur Altınyazı is a village in Turkey. It is in the Kırşehir Province. The population is around 220. The village was founded about 2000 years ago. The old name of Altınyazı was Aflak, after an old Seljukid general who died here. Polisario Front The Polisario Front (, transliterates to "", translates to "Popular Front for the Liberation of el Hamra and Río de Oro") is a rebel militia group and political party, which is active in Western Sahara. The movement succeeded the older movement called "Movimiento para la Liberación del Sahara", which was active until the 1960s. The movement was founded in the early 1970s. It was first active fighting for the independence of the Spanish Sahara, which was a Spanish colony until 1975. After the Spanish left, Mauritania and Morocco annexed the Western Sahara, the Polisario, however, claimed the entire Western Sahara under the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. In 1991, the United Nations brokered a peace agreement. Nowadays, Western Sahara is split into two zones, separated by the Moroccan Wall. Morocco controls de facto most of the territory. Edward G. Robinson Edward G. Robinson (born Emanuel Goldenberg; December 12, 1893 – January 26, 1973) was a Romanian-American actor. He was known for his roles as Rico in "Little Caesar" and as Rocco in "Key Largo". Other well-known roles include Barton Keyes in the movie "Double Indemnity", Dathan in "The Ten Commandments", and his final role as Sol Roth in "Soylent Green". He won an honorary Academy Award in 1973, two months after his death. He was listed in the 25 Greatest Male Actors of All Time. Early life. Robinson was born on December 12, 1893 in Bucharest, Romania to a Jewish-Yiddish family. After his brother was attacked by the Mafia, Robinson and his family moved to New York City in February 1903. Education. He studied at Townsend Harris High School and at City College of New York. He then studied to become an actor at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. His career began in 1913, ten years after moving to the United States. Personal life. Robinson was married to Gladys Lloyd from 1927 until they divorced in 1956. Then he was married to Jane Robinson from 1958 until his death in 1973. He had one son with Gladys and one step-daughter from his last marriage. Robinson was a Liberal Democrat. Death. Robinson died on January 26, 1973 in his home in Los Angeles, California from bladder cancer, aged 79. He was buried at Beth-El Cemetery in Queens, New York. Carole Lombard Carole Lombard (October 06, 1908 – January 16, 1942) was an American actress. She was one of the highest paid actors in Hollywood with the total of $500,000. She was listed as one of the greatest female actresses of all time. Lombard was born on October 06, 1908 in Fort Wayne, Indiana United States She studied at Virgil Jr. High School and then at Fairfax High School. She was married to William Powell from 1931 until they divorced in 1933. Then she was married to Clark Gable from 1939 until her death in 1942. She had no children. Lombard died on January 16, 1942 in a plane crash in Mount Potosi, Nevada, United States of America aged 33 years old. Empire Records Empire Records is a 1995 teen romantic comedy movie. The subject is a record store in Delaware that tries to remain independent. Liv Tyler, Renée Zellweger and Robin Tunney play store officials. "Empire Records" got negative reviews from critics. The movie performed very poorly in the box office. The movie was released in September 1995. June Lockhart June Lockhart (born June 25, 1925) is an American actress. She acts primarily on television programs. She worked mostly in the 1950s and 1960s. She played Timmy's mother in the long-running "Lassie". She appeared later in "Lost In Space". She also played Doctor Janet Craig in the sitcom "Petticoat Junction". Jane Withers Jane Withers (April 12, 1926 – August 7, 2021) was an American child actress. She played Josephine the Plumber in Comet Cleaner ads in the 1960s and 1970s. She acted primarily in movies. She also acted on television. Withers was born in Atlanta, Georgia. Withers died on August 7, 2021 in Burbank, California at the age of 95. John Dingell John David "Johnny" Dingell, Jr. (July 8, 1926 – February 7, 2019) was an American politician. He served in the United States House of Representatives from December 13, 1955 to January 3, 2015. He is the longest-serving member of Congress. He was the longest ever to serve exclusively in the House. Dingell was born on July 8, 1926 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He served in the military during World War II. He is the last member of Congress to have been a veteran of World War II, the other is Ralph Hall. Hall also left Congress in 2015. He studied at Georgetown University. Dingell and his wife, Deborah, had a son named Christopher. Dingell announced on February 24, 2014 that he would not seek re-election to a 30th term in Congress. His wife announced to run for his congressional seat and won the election in November 4, 2014. His spouse was the first to replace a spouse in Congress, while the spouse is alive. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2014 by President Barack Obama. Dingell died of prostate cancer in hospice care in Dearborn, Michigan on February 7, 2019, aged 92. C. Aubrey Smith Sir Charles Aubrey Smith CBE(July 21, 1863 – December 20, 1948) was an English actor and cricket player. He was known for his roles in "The Four Fathers" (1939), "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" (1941), and in "And Then There Were None" (1945). Smith was born on July 21, 1863 in London, England. He studied at the Charterhouse School and at St John's College, Cambridge. Smith was married to Isabella Wood from 1896 until his death in 1948. They had one child. Smith died on December 20, 1948 in his home in Beverly Hills, California from pneumonia, aged 85. He was cremated. He was buried at St Leonard's Churchyard in Hove, East Sussex. Millennium Force Millennium Force is a steel giga roller coaster built by Intamin at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio, United States. When it opened on May 13, 2000, it was the world's first giga roller coaster at 310 feet tall. It was also the world's tallest and fastest roller coaster for a short time until Steel Dragon 2000 opened later that year. It is also the second longest roller coaster in North America after The Beast at Kings Island. Marjorie Lord Marjorie Lord (July 26, 1918 – November 28, 2015) was an American actress. She acted mostly in television programs. She acted with Danny Thomas in "Make Room for Daddy". She was the mother of actress Anne Archer. Lord was born in San Francisco, California. Carol Alt Carol Ann Alt (born December 1, 1960) is an American model and actress. She first became famous around 1983. She did commercials for Diet Pepsi, Hanes, General Motors and many more. She was also on a lot of magazine covers. Alt was born in New York City. Susanne Lothar Susanne Lothar (15 November 1960 - 21 July 2012) was a German actress. She was born in Hamburg to actors Ingrid Andree and Hanns Lothar. She acted mostly in independent movies. She was in "The White Ribbon" and "The Piano Teacher". She also performed on stage. She died in Berlin in July 2012. Sora (Kingdom Hearts) Sora is the main character of the "Kingdom Hearts" video game series. He is a teenager from Destiny Islands. He is best friends with both Riku and Kairi since his early childhood. He fights with a weapon called a keyblade and fights alongside Donald Duck and Goofy in the Kingdom Hearts games. They travel to different Disney worlds to protect the people living there from villains. He was featured at #5 on Famitsu's "fifth most popular character of all time". He was also ranked at #19 on UGO Networks list of "Top 25 Japanese RPG Characters". He is voiced by Haley Joel Osment in the English version of the game and by Miyu Irino in the Japanese version. Nintendo World Store The Nintendo World Store is a specialty store that sells Nintendo video games and merchandise. It is located at 10 Rockefeller Center in New York City. It is owned by Nintendo. It opened on May 14, 2005, replacing the Pokémon Center that was there before. The store is a two-story building. The first floor has Wii U, Nintendo 3DS, and "Pokémon Black 2 and White 2" sections. The second floor has a section with Wii consoles available for anyone to play. In addition, there are also Nintendo 3DS consoles available to play in the store. Some of the things that are sold there are exclusive to the store, meaning that they can only be bought there. The store holds special tournaments and shows for new games. Early copies of the game and prizes are given out to the winners. Fran Warren Frances Wolfe (better known as Fran Warren; 4 March 1926 – 4 March 2013) was an American actress and singer. She had several hit songs. She acted in a few movies. She was born in and died near New York City. Carriel Sur International Airport The Carriel Sur International Airport (, ) is an international airport near Concepción, Chile. It is 8 km from downtown. The airport was opened on January 3, 1968. This is second largest airport in Chile after Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport. This airport is operated by Sociedad Concesionaria Aerosur S.A.. The airport has flights to Santiago de Chile, Puerto Montt, Temuco and Pucón. Next to Me (song) "Next to Me" is a 2012 romantic single from Emeli Sandé. The song is about timing, romance and being close to somebody. This single hit #1 in Europe. It was a moderate success in the United States during 2012. Back to December "Back to December" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was produced by Nathan Chapman and Swift. It is from her third studio album, "Speak Now" (2010). The song was released in the United States on November 14, 2010. It was the second single from "Speak Now". According to Swift, "Back to December" is the first time she ever apologizes to someone in a song. The song is about breakup and wanting to go back to former times. Its lyrics are a remorseful plea for forgiveness for breaking up with a former lover. This single got very high reviews from the critics. It was a hit in the United States in 2010. It peaked at #3 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Songs chart and at #6 on the Hot 100 chart. Fifteen (song) "Fifteen" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was produced by Nathan Chapman and Swift. The song is about heartbreak at age 15, being sad and coping with it. This single was a moderate hit in the United States. The release date was September 2009. Rebecca Hall Rebecca Maria Hall (born 3 May 1982) is an English actress. She acts in both movies and television shows. Her movies are the independent type. She was born near London, England. Her father is stage director Peter Hall. Outstation In Australia, an outstation is a small, rural settlement of Aboriginal Australians. They are usually built on or near the community's traditional country; the outstations are therefore also called homelands. The people living on an outstation are usually closely related, belonging to one or two families. The people will have a spiritual and ancestral relationship with the land. The number of people living in the settlement may rise and fall throughout the year, depending on events (such as deaths and ceremonies), but the permanent population is normally less than a few dozen. The definition of an outstation will vary greatly depending on the region, cultural group, history and state property laws. They are generally classed as residential areas on Aboriginal-owned land. They are often located near sites that are culturally important. The average outstation consists of little more than one or more houses and a source of water. They are usually very basic, and constructed entirely by the people living there. Most of these communities are located in the Northern Territory, Western Australia, South Australia and Queensland. In statistical data, outstations are called "discrete indigenous communities". There are more than a thousand such communities in Australia. They are largely self-governing. History. Historically, the word "outstation" referred to a dwelling or shelter on sheep or cattle stations. Such shelters were built on stations that were large enough to have more than a day's travel (by horseback) between different parts of the property. They contained beds and food for stockmen. During the 1970s and 1980s, a large number of Aboriginal people moved away from the towns and missions in which they had been settled years before. They returned with their families to the areas where they grew up, and set up camps or homes there. This became known as the outstation movement. For most people, it was an attempt at returning to the traditional way of life and getting back their autonomy and self-sufficiency. This movement developed after the Australian government had decided to give welfare benefits to indigenous people. It had also started policies encouraging self-determination and self-management for indigenous communities. This was the opposite of what the government had previously planned for indigenous Australians (cultural assimilation). In October 1976, a report by the Department of Aboriginal Affairs estimated that there were more than 100 outstation communities. Most of them were located in the Northern Territory. In Arnhem Land, there were about 55 outstations by the end of 1976, with an average size of about 30 people. About 30 more were located in the southwest of the Northern Territory, ranging in size from 15 to 100 people. The Northern Territory had early success in the outstation movemnet, because the Aboriginal Land Rights Act was passed in the territory in 1976. This was the first Aboriginal land rights law in the country. There are now more than a thousand outstation communities in Australia. There are about 500 in the Northern Territory, and around one-third of Aboriginal people in the Territory live on outstations. Several studies have shown that people living on outstations are much healthier than other Aboriginal people. Margaret Leighton Margaret Leighton (26 February 1922-13 January 1976) was an English actress. She acted in many television shows and movies all across western Europe and North America. Leighton was born in England. She died from multiple sclerosis. Thalassaemia Thalassaemia (or thalassemia) is a genetic disorder of the blood which originated in the Mediterranean region. This disease is caused by the weakening and destruction of red blood cells. This is caused by mutant genes which affect how the body makes haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells which carries oxygen. People with thalassaemia make less haemoglobin and fewer circulating red blood cells than normal, which results in mild or severe anemia. Thalassaemia can cause significant complications, including pneumonia, iron overload, bone deformities and cardiovascular illness. However, this inherited disease of red blood cells gives a degree of protection against malaria, which is or was common in the regions where the trait is common. This selective survival advantage for carriers (known as heterozygous advantage) is responsible for keeping the mutation in populations way above its mutation rate. Carriers are heterozygous for the thalassaemia allele, meaning only one of their two alleles is mutant (abnormal). There are a number of different versions of thalassaemia. Each one is caused by a mutation in a different position in the genome. In that respect, thalassaemia resembles another genetic disorder affecting haemoglobin, sickle-cell disease. It is possible to cure patients with thalassaemia with bone marrow transplants from compatible donors. However, this method requires an HLA-matched compatible donor. Prima Donna (song) "Prima Donna" is a 2010 song from Christina Aguilera. It is about empowerment of women. The single was released in June 2010. It received positive reviews from critics. Indonesian Indonesian might mean: Cepheid variable Cepheids are a type of very luminous variable stars. There is a strong direct relationship between a Cepheid's luminosity and its pulsation period. This makes Cepheids important standard candles for the galactic and extragalactic distance scales. Cepheid variables are divided into several subclasses which exhibit clearly different masses, ages, and evolutionary histories: The first cepheid known was Delta Cephei in the constellation Cepheus, found by John Goodricke in 1784. Delta Cephei is of great importance because its distance is extremely well known, thanks in part to it being in a star cluster, and the precise Hubble Space Telescope/Hipparcos parallaxes. Cepheids are one of two ways in which the rate of expansion of the Universe can be measured. Classes. Classical Cepheids. Classical Cepheids (also known as Population I Cepheids, Type I Cepheids, or Delta Cephei variables) pulsate with very regular periods of the order of days to months. Classical Cepheids are population I young variable stars which are 4–20 times more massive than the Sun, and up to 100,000 times more luminous. Cepheids are yellow supergiants of spectral class F6 – K2. When they pulsate, their radii change by ~25%. For the longer-period I Carinae this means millions of kilometers for a pulsation cycle. Type II Cepheids. Type II Cepheids (also termed Population II Cepheids) are population II variable stars which pulsate with periods between 1 and 50 days. Type II Cepheids are typically metal-poor, old (~10 giga years), low mass objects (~half the mass of the Sun). Type II Cepheids are divided into several subgroups by period. Type II Cepheids are used to fix the distance to the galactic center of the Milky Way, globular clusters, and galaxies. Anomalous Cepheids. A group of pulsating stars on the instability strip have periods of less than 2 days, similar to RR Lyrae variables but with higher luminosities. Anomalous Cepheid variables have masses higher than type II Cepheids, RR Lyrae variables, and our Sun. It is unclear whether they are young stars on a "turned-back" horizontal branch, blue stragglers formed through mass transfer in binary systems, or a mix of both. Double-mode Cepheids. A small proportion of Cepheid variables have been observed to pulsate in two modes at the same time, usually the fundamental and first overtone, occasionally the second overtone. A very small number pulsate in three modes, or an unusual combination of modes including higher overtones. GloFish Glofish are fish which glow in the dark. They glow because scientists changed their DNA to make them fluorescent. The seahorse and the zebra fish are two types of fish that have been used to make GloFish. Lazarus Saturday Lazarus Saturday is the day before Palm Sunday in the Orthodox Church. It celebrates the raising of Lazarus from the dead by Jesus (Gospel of John chapter 11). It is the start of Holy Week. Joe Weider Josef Edwin "Joe" Weider (November 29, 1919 – March 23, 2013) was a Canadian-American bodybuilder, trainer, businessman, and television personality. He was the founder of Mr. Olympia. Weider was born on November 29, 1919 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada to a Polish-Jewish family. He was raised in Los Angeles, California. His brother was Ben Weider. Weider was married to Betty Brosmer from 1961 until his death in 2013. They had no children. Weider died on March 23, 2013 from heart failure in Los Angeles, California, aged 93. George Pullman George Mortimer Pullman (March 3, 1831 – October 19, 1897) was an American engineer and businessman. At the time of his death, he bequeathed 1.2 million dollars for a free school of manual training in the town of Pullman. Pullman invented the Pullman sleeping car. He founded a company town, Pullman. He did all of his business in Chicago. He was supported by President Grover Cleveland during the Pullman Strike in Chicago. Pullman was born on March 3, 1831 in Brocton, New York. He was raised in Albion, New York. Pullman was married to Hattie Amelia Sanger from 1867 until his death in 1897. They had four children. Pullman died on October 19, 1897 in Chicago, Illinois from a heart attack, aged 66. He was buried at Graceland Cemetery. Compound fruit The term compound fruit is sometimes used when it is not clear which of several fruit types a fruit belongs to. A compound fruit is "composed of two or more similar parts". A compound fruit may be: Grapes grow in clusters, but are not compound fruits. Each grape is grown from one ovary in one flower, and they are not attached to one another. Boeing 80 The Boeing 80, sometimes called the Boeing Model 80 or just the Model 80, was an American airliner. It was a biplane with three engines. The Boeing 80 was built by the Boeing Airplane Company. It could carry mail and passengers. Development and design. Boeing Air Transport was started on February 17, 1927 by William Boeing. On July 1, 1927, planes from Boeing Air Transport started flying mail from San Francisco to Chicago. At first, the Boeing Model 40A was used for this. Boeing decided to make a plane to carry passengers. In 1928 it designed the Model 80. The Boeing 80 could carry 12 people. The pilots sat in a cockpit in front of the passengers. The first Boeing 80 took off on July 27, 1928. Three more Boeing 80s were made before Boeing started to make the Boeing 80A. The Boeing 80A was longer and it could carry 18 people. It also had better engines. It first took off on July 18, 1929. History. The Boeing 80 first flew for Boeing Air Transport on September 20, 1928. It soon turned out to be successful. The Boeing 80A started being used in September 1929. In May 1930, Boeing Air Transport hired eight female flight attendants. They first flew on May 15. The Boeing 80 and 80A were used until the Boeing 247 replaced them in 1934. Boeing 80s which still exist. One Boeing 80A was found in a dump at Anchorage Airport in 1960. It was fixed up and it is now in the Museum of Flight in Seattle. Boeing Monomail The Boeing Model 200 Monomail was an American mail plane. It was built in the 1930s by Boeing. It flew for the first time on 6 May 1930. The Boeing Monomail was a monoplane instead of a biplane. The wing was strong and did not need bracing. Its wheels could be ed. Only one plane was made for the US Army to look at. The plane eventually began to fly main from San Francisco to Chicago. Another version was made, the Model 221. It was made longer by 8 inches. This meant it could carry passengers, but less cargo. This version first flew on 18 August 1930. There were no good engines for the Boeing Monomail to use. By the time good engines could be used, new planes had been made which were better than the Monomail. One of these was the Boeing 247. Giora Feidman Giora Feidman (born March 26, 1936) is an Israeli clarinetist. He plays klezmer music. Biography. Giora Feidman was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. His Bessarabian Jewish parents immigrated there to escape persecution. Feidman's family are klezmer musicians. His father, grandfather and great-grandfather made music for weddings, Bar Mitzvahs, and holiday celebrations in the shtetls (villages) of Eastern Europe. Feidman married Ora Bat-Chaim in 1975. She was his personal manager. Music career. Feidman started his career in Buenos Aires, where he was a member of the Teatro Colón Symphony Orchestra. Two years later he immigrated to Israel. He became the youngest clarinetist ever to play with the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra. He was a member of the orchestra for over 20 years. In the early 1970s he started a solo career. He has performed with the Berliner Symphoniker, the Kronos Quartet, the Polish Chamber Philarmonic, the Munich Chamber Philarmonic Orchestra, and the Munich Radio Orchestra. Feidman started the "Clarinet and Klezmer in the Galilee" seminar and master class program, which takes place every year in Safed, Israel. Louis Jourdan Louis Jourdan (Louis Robert Gendre, June 19, 1921 – February 14, 2015) was a French retired actor. He appeared in "The Paradine Case" (1947), "Gigi" (1958), "The Best of Everything" (1959) and "Octopussy" (1983). His final movie before his retirement was "The Year Of The Comet" in 1992. Jourdan was born on June 19, 1921 in Marseille, France. He studied at the École Dramatique. Jourdan was married to Berthe Frédérique from 1946 until her death in 2014. They had a son, Louis Jourdan, Jr.. Jourdan, Jr. died of a drug overdose aged 29 in 1981. Jourdan died in Beverly Hills, California at the age of 93. Norman Lloyd Norman Nathan Lloyd (November 8, 1914 – May 11, 2021) was an American actor, producer, and director. He is known for his television role as Dr. Daniel Auschlander in "St. Elsewhere". His career lasted for more than ninety years. He made a guest appearance on "Modern Family" in 2010. Early life. Lloyd was born on November 8, 1914 in Jersey City, New Jersey. He studied to become an actor at the Civic Repertory Theatre in New York City. Career. Lloyd came to Hollywood to play a Nazi spy in Alfred Hitchcock's "Saboteur" (1942). Je started a long friendship and professional career with Hitchcock. Later career. After a few more villainous movie roles, Lloyd also worked behind the camera as an assistant on Lewis Milestone's "Arch of Triumph" (1948). A friend of John Garfield, Lloyd appeared with him in "He Ran All the Way". Garfield's last movie before the Hollywood blacklist ended his movie career. Personal life. Lloyd was married to Peggy Craven from 1936 until her death in 2011. They had two children. Lloyd died on May 11, 2021 at his home in Los Angeles, California at the age of 106. Gill Pinnacle Gill Pinnacle (or Gill's Pinnacle) is an inselberg in the far east of Western Australia, on the Ngaanyatjarra Lands. It is part of the Petermann Ranges. It consists of a dome-shaped hill, surrounded by dense shrub; its top is bare rock. The hill has been useful as a landmark, because it marks the location of one of the area's most reliable freshwater rockholes, Gordon's Springs. This is a few hundred meters to the north of the rock. The area is called (also spelled ' or ') in Pitjantjatjara and Ngaanyatjarra. The first Europeans to visit the area were the explorers Ernest Giles and W. H. Tietkens, in 1874. They saw the rock from Weld Pass, which is further to the west. Giles named the rock after his brother-in-law. He named the waterhole, Gordon's Springs, after his nephew. The closest town to Gill's Pinnacle is Kaltukatjara, Northern Territory, which is about to the east. Peter Sallis Peter John Sallis (1 February 1921 – 2 June 2017) was a English actor, known for his roles as Norman Clegg in "Last of the Summer Wine" from its 1973 inception until its final episode in 2010, making him the only actor to appear in all 295 episodes. He also voiced Wallace in "Wallace and Gromit". He won an Annie Award in 2005. Sallis was born on 1 February 1921 in Twickenham, Middlesex, England. He studied at the Minchenden Grammar School in North London. Sallis married Elaine Usher in 1957. They had a son, Crispian. Sallis has had a disease called macular degeneration since 2005. Sallis died at the Denville Hall nursing home in Northwood, London, on 2 June 2017, aged 96. Clifton James George Clifton James (May 29, 1920 – April 15, 2017) was a retired American actor. He is best known for his role as Sheriff J.W. Pepper in the "James Bond" movies such as "Live and Let Die" (1973) and in "The Man With The Golden Gun" (1974). James was born on May 29, 1920 in Spokane, Washington. He married Laurie Harper in 1951. Harper died in 2015. They had six children. James died from complications of diabetes at his home in Gladstone, Oregon on April 15, 2017, age 96. William Schallert William Joseph Schallert (July 6, 1922 – May 8, 2016) was an American actor. He played the father on "The Patty Duke Show". He is also known for his guest-star roles in "The Smurfs", "Jefferson Drum", "Gunsmoke", "Star Trek", "Get Smart", "Lawman", "Matlock", "The Waltons", "Bonanza", and in "". Schallert was born on July 6, 1922 in Los Angeles, California. He married Rosemarie D. Waggner in 1949. Schallert was the president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1979 through 1981. He died at his home in Pacific Palisades, California from complications from peripheral neuropathy on May 8, 2016, aged 93. The Lincoln Lawyer The Lincoln Lawyer is a 2011 American crime drama movie. The story is about a Los Angeles lawyer doing business in his luxury car. Matthew McConaughey, Marisa Tomei and Frances Fisher act. The movie was released in March 2011. The reviews were very positive. The box office intake was almost $86 million. Peter Vaughan Peter Vaughan (Peter Ewart Ohm; 4 April 1923 – 6 December 2016) was an English actor. He was known for his role as Charles Johnson in "Citizen Smith" and recently as Maester Aemon in "Game of Thrones". Vaughan was born on 4 April 1923 in Wem, Shropshire, England. He was married to Billie Whitelaw from 1952 until they divorced in 1966. He was married to Lillias Walker until his death in 2016. Vaughan died in Mannings Heath, Sussex from epilepsy on 6 December 2016, aged 93. James Karen James Karen (born James Karnofsky; November 28, 1923 – October 23, 2018) was an American actor. He was known for his roles as Martin Frohm in "The Pursuit of Happyness" and as Ben Hubbard in "Superman Returns". He also starred in "Poltergeist" and "The Return of the Living Dead". Karen was born on November 28, 1923 in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania to a Russian-Jewish family. He studied at Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre. Karen was married to Susan Reed from 1958 until they divorced in 1967. They had one child. He married Alba Francesca in 1986. Karen died on October 23, 2018 in Los Angeles at the age of 94. The cause was cardiopulmonary arrest. Theodore Bikel Theodore Meir Bikel (May 2, 1924 – July 21, 2015) was an Austrian-American actor, singer, and musician. He was nominated for an Academy Award as Sheriff Max Muller in "The Defiant Ones" in 1958. Early life. Bikel was born in Vienna, Austria on May 2, 1924. He studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. He moved to the United States in 1954. He became a U.S. citizen in 1961. Personal life. Bikel was married to Ofra Ichilov from 1942 until they divorced in 1943. Then he was married to Rita Weinberg Call from 1967 until they divorced in 2008. He was married to Tamara Brooks from 2008 until her death in 2012. He had two children with Call. Bikel died on July 21, 2015, at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles of natural causes, aged 91. Jimmy Gardner Edward Charles James Gardner, DFM (August 24, 1924 – May 3, 2010) was an English actor. He played Ernie Prang in "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban" (2004). Gardner was born on August 24, 1924 in Newmarket, Suffolk, England. Gardner died on May 3, 2010 in London, England from pneumonia, aged 85. George Cole George Edward Cole, OBE (22 April 1925 - 5 August 2015) was an English actor. He is known for his roles as Arthur Daley in "Minder" and as Flash Harry in the early versions of the "St Trinian's" movies. He also played Peter Banks in the sitcom "My Good Friend". Cole was born on April 22, 1925 in Tooting, South London, England. He was adopted when he was a baby. He was married to Eileen Moore from 1954 until they divorced in 1962. He married Penny Morrell in 1964. Cole died of an illness at Royal Berkshire Hospital, in Reading, Berkshire on 5 August 2015. Kazuo Ishiguro Sir Kazuo Ishiguro OBE (born 8 November 1954) is a British novelist of Japanese origin. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2017. He was born in Nagasaki, Japan; his family moved to England in 1960 when he was five. His novels include "An Artist of the Floating World" (1986), "When We Were Orphans" (2000), and "Never Let Me Go" (2005). He won the Booker Prize for his 1989 novel "The Remains of the Day". "The Remains of the Day" was later adapted as a movie. The movie came out in 1993. It starred Anthony Hopkins and Emma Thompson. It was nominated for eight Academy Awards. He was knighted in 2018. Love Story (song) "Love Story" is a 2008 song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was produced by Nathan Chapman and Swift.The story of the single is about a boy who is in love with a girl, resulting in a Romeo and Juliet type romance. The song received positive reviews from the critics. It sold millions of digital downloads and compact discs. The single was released in Autumn of 2008 in the United States. Toe ring Toe rings are rings worn on toes, in particular the second toe. They are worn on either foot, often with barefoot sandals, bare feet or anklets. They are usually made for females, although males sometimes wear the rings. Giant star A giant star is a star with much larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence star of the same surface temperature. Giant stars are up to a few hundred times the diameter of the Sun and between 10 and a few thousand times brighter than the Sun. They don't last as long as most main sequence stars. Stars still more luminous than giants are referred to as supergiants and hypergiants. A hot, luminous main-sequence star may also be referred to as a giant. There are a wide range of giant class stars, and sub-divisions are often used to identify particular types. Astronomers use such terms as: sub-giants, bright giants, red giants, yellow giants and blue giants. Aggregate fruit An aggregate fruit is a fruit that develops from a single flower, but the flower has more than one ovary, and the ovaries join together as the fruit grows. A fruit that grows from just one flower that contains just one ovary, is not an aggregate fruit but a simple fruit. Not all flowers with multiple ovaries grow into aggregate fruit; the ovaries of some flowers do not become tightly joined together to make a larger fruit. Aggregate fruits may also be accessory fruits. In accessory fruits, parts of the flower that are not the ovary become juicy and form part of the fruit. Aggregate fruits include: Sylvanian Families is a series of anthropomorphic animal figures. They are made from plastic and fake animal fur. They were started in Japan in 1985 by Epoch, but they are now sold worldwide. Many books, DVDs and TV series have been based on the characters. The characters were originally woodland animals like bears, rabbits and hedgehogs, but now other animals such as penguins, meerkats and elephants have been added into the mix. The word "sylvan" means "forest" in Latin. Setting. Sylvanians were origanally set in Japan in the 1950's most of the families are rural middle-class with many luxuries and local businesses. They have many leisure activities such as horse riding, rowing and hosting garden parties. The simple caravan means that they can enjoy short stays on holiday. This means that they can be away from their house whether it is a small cottage or a multi-storey town house. Growing. In 1985 Sylvanian Families were launched in both Japan and North America. They were such a success that in 1987 they moved over the Atlantic to Western Europe and to the UK. By 1988 these small toys were a major success world wide, they went on to win London toy of the year award 3 times in a row this had never been achieved before or after. They were so popular that in the late 80's an animated TV series was made, this was greatly watched and spain and the UK. In the 90's it was aired on American TV. Stopping and Starting. By the mid 1990's Sylvanian Families, despite their major success, had gone out of business in the UK. The production company Tomy lost the rights to Sylvanian Families and American Calico Critters. In the late 90's another company, Flair, took over Sylvanian Families and reintroduced them into the UK. It was in 2007 that they celebrated their 20th birthday a special edition dalmation family (that had not been sold since they went out of production) with red party hats saying 'happy birthday'. 2012 was the 25th birthday and they sold a celebration rabbit family in honour a birthday that they never have seen if it hadn't have been for Flair. The London Shop. The address for the Sylvanian Families Shop in London is 68 Mountgrove Road. The shop is quite small but stuffed from floor to ceiling with figures, displays and new box sets. People from all around the world to go to the Sylvanian shop to become one of the many people who have been inside the famous shop. Japanese Musuem and Shop. In Japan there is a giant life size Sylvanian Families village, including a bakery with real bread based on the bread in watermill bakery. You can meet life size Sylvanian characters and go in life size houses made from the models themselves. Four Weddings and a Funeral Four Weddings and a Funeral is a 1994 British romantic comedy-drama movie. It was written and co-produced by Richard Curtis. It was directed by Mike Newell. It stars Hugh Grant as Charles and Andie MacDowell as Carrie, an American whom he repeatedly meets at weddings and a funeral as they become attracted to each other. Boeing 247 The Boeing 247, sometimes called the Boeing Model 247 was an American airliner. It is thought to be the first airliner to fully use advanced things like able landing gear, an autopilot and deicing boots. The Boeing 247 first flew on February 8, 1933. It started being used later that year. Later, planes became bigger and some had four engines. However, no big changes were made until Boeing made the Boeing 307 Stratoliner. Design and development. The Boeing 247 was an advanced plane. The design was taken from the Boeing Monomail (Models 200, 221, 221A) and the B-9 bomber. The Boeing 247 was faster than the Boeing P-12, which was the main American fighter at the time. The P-12 was did not have a roof on the cockpit, and it was a biplane. The Boeing 247 landed at just 62 mph. This meant that flaps were not needed. At just 10 mph, the back wheel came off the ground, which made it easier to steer. Also, the 247 was the first airliner with two engines which could fly on just one engine. The Boeing 247 had special propellers. It could fly at 11,500 ft at full weight. The Douglas DC-1 and some other airliners before World War II used parts of the Boeing 247's design. The 247 was supposed to carry 14 passengers and have Pratt & Whitney R-1690 Hornet engines, but the plane was made smaller and got different engines. The pilots did not think that the plane, which weighed eight tons, could land on any runway back then. They also did not like the Hornet engines. This was because most pilots were used to Wasps. It was thought that they would find Hornets too powerful. Pratt & Whitney's chief engineer, George Mead, knew that the pilots were wrong. P&W's head, Frederick Rentschler, decided to do what the pilots wanted. This made an argument between Mead and Rentschler. Even though there were some arguments about the design and engines, the 247 was still a very good design. Boeing showed it at the 1933 Chicago World's Fair. Boeing wanted to make the plane as safe as possible. They made the plane strong and put in things to make passengers more comfortable. For example, the cabin had air conditioning. It was also sound-proof. The plane had a pilot, co-pilot and a flight attendant. The wheels did not fully go into the plane. A part of the wheels hung down below the plane. This was done to make it safer for the plane to land if the landing gear could not be put down. The wheel at the back of the plane could not be moved. History. In 1934, Boeing put a Boeing 247 into the MacRobertson Race. In the race, planes raced from England to Australia. The pilots of the Boeing plane were Col.Roscoe Turner and Clyde Pangborn. The 247 was basically a normal plane, but some parts were taken out to make space for more fuel tanks. Many different planes from all over the world took part. Turner and Pangborn came in second place. The Douglas DC-2 came first. The Boeing 247 won the 1934 US Collier Trophy for "excellence in aviation design". The 247 could go across the United States eight hours faster than any plane which came before it. The Boeing 247 started being used on May 22, 1933. One set a record of 19½ hours when it flew from San Francisco to New York City. The first 60 247s were sold to Boeing Air Transport (part of the United Aircraft and Transport Corporation, UATC). They cost $65,000 each. TWA (Transcontinental & Western Air) also ordered the 247 but UATC said no. TWA President Jack Frye asked for a new airliner. He paid Don Douglas to design and build the Douglas DC-1 prototype. Douglas eventually made the DC-3 line. The Boeing 247 was shown to have some serious problems with its design. Air carriers did not like the fact that it only carried 10 passengers. The DC-2 and later DC-3 could carry many more passengers. This meant that the Boeing 247 would not earn airlines as much money. Seventy-five 247s were built. Douglas got 800 orders for DC-3s from airlines before the Pearl Harbor attack. Douglas made over 10,000 DC-3s. Many of United's Boeing 247s were bought by Western Air Express. It was said that they were bought at a very low price. The 247 was used until World War II. The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) had seven 247s to move soldiers around. Some 247s were still flying in the late 1960s. These were either cargo planes or personal planes. Accidents. October 10, 1933 – A United Air Lines 247 was blown up by a bomb. November 9, 1933 - A United Air Lines 247 crashed after it took off. Four of the nine people on the plane died. December 20, 1934 - United Air Lines Flight 6, a 247, crashed near Western Springs, Illinois. Nobody died. The plane was fixed and started flying again. October 7, 1935 – United Air Lines Trip 4, a 247D, crashed 10 miles to the west of Cheyenne, Wyoming. It is not known why it crashed. Everybody on the plane died. October 30, 1935 - A United Air Lines Boeing 247D crashed near Cheyenne. Everyone on board died. December 15, 1936 – Seven people died when Western Air Express Flight 6, a 247D, crashed on Lone Peak in Utah. December 27, 1936 - United Air Lines Trip 34, a 247D, crashed in Los Angeles County, California. All 12 people on board died. January 12, 1937 – Western Air Express Flight 7, a 247, crashed into a mountain in Newhall, California. Five people died. Max Wright George Edward Maxwell "Max" Wright (August 2, 1943 – June 26, 2019) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Willie Tanner on the television comedy series "ALF". Wright was born on August 2, 1943 in Detroit, Michigan. He was married to Linda Wright from 1965 until her death in 2017. They had two children, Ben and Daisy. In January 2000, Wright was arrested for drunken driving in Los Angeles, California. Wright had another DUI arrest in 2003. In 1995, he was diagnosed with lymphoma. He was remission until the cancer returned in early 2019. Wright died on June 26, 2019 at his home in Englewood, New Jersey from the disease at the age of 75. Richard Curtis Richard Whalley Anthony Curtis (born 8 November 1956) is a New Zealand screenwriter and movie producer and director. He was born in Wellington. He lives in England. He gained a Bachelor of Arts degree in English Language and Literature from Christ Church, Oxford. Separation anxiety disorder Separation anxiety disorder is a psychological problem. It makes a person have very intense anxiety when they are away from other people or their homes, school or friends to whom the person carries a strong emotional connection. There is too much fear or worry which is not normal of the true mental age and level. This condition may sometimes create physical troubles. Those under 18 are at highest risk for the problem. Deborah Raffin Deborah Iona Raffin (March 13, 1953 – November 21, 2012) was an American actress, director, screenwriter, and audio book publisher. She was known for her role in "Touched by Love" (1981). Early life. Raffin was born on March 13, 1953 in Los Angeles, California to executive Phillip J. Raffin and to actress Trudy Marshall, both from Brooklyn, New York. She was raised in Los Angeles, California. Raffin was Jewish. Career. In 1985 she starred as Kathryn Davis in "Death Wish 3". In 1988, she starred in James Clavell's "Noble House" with Pierce Brosnan. In 1991, she appeared as Julie Vale in "". She later appeared as Aunt Julie on the television show "7th Heaven", and as Dr. Hightower in the ABC Family teenager series, "The Secret Life of the American Teenager". Awards. She was nominated for both a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Drama and a Razzie Award for Worst Actress for her performance in Touched by Love in 1981. Personal life. Raffin was married to Michael Vinner from 1975 until they divorced in 2005. They had a daughter, Taylor Rose Vinner. In 2011, Raffin was diagnosed with leukemia (blood cancer). Death. A year later, on November 21, 2012 Raffin died at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California from the disease, aged 59. She was survived by her daughter Taylor Rose. William Powell William Horatio Powell (July 29, 1892 – March 5, 1984) was an American actor. He was known for his role in "Thin Man" (1934). He was nominated an Academy Award for Best Actor three times for his roles in "The Thin Man" (1934), "My Man Godfrey" (1936), and "Life with Father" (1947). Early life. Powell was born on July 29, 1892 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was raised in Kansas City, Missouri. Powell studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. Personal life. He was married to Eileen Wilson from 1915 until they divorced in 1930. Then he was married to Carole Lombard from 1931 until they divorced in 1933. Then he was married to Diana Lewis from 1940 until his death in 1984. He had a son with Wilson, William David (who committed suicide in 1968). Powell died on March 5, 1984 in his home in Palm Springs, California from heart failure, aged 91. He was buried at Desert Memorial Park in Cathedral City, California. Mitchell Hooks Mitchell Hooks (1923 – March 17, 2013) was an American artist and illustrator renowned for his artwork for paperback books and magazines. He was known for illustrating movie posters for "Dr. No", "The Sand Pebbles", and for "El Dorado". Hooks was born in 1923 in Detroit, Michigan. He died on March 17, 2013 his home Los Angeles, California from natural causes, aged 89. Virgil Trucks Virgil Oliver "Fire" Trucks (April 26, 1917 – March 23, 2013) was an American baseball player who was a starting pitcher in Major League Baseball. From 1941 through 1958, Trucks played for the Detroit Tigers (1941–1943, 1945–1952, 1956), St. Louis Browns (1953), Chicago White Sox (1953–1955), Kansas City Athletics (1958) and New York Yankees (1958). He batted and threw right-handed. Trucks was born on April 26, 1917 in Birmingham, Alabama. He was married to Elizabeth Ann Newman until his death in 2013. Trucks died in his home in Calera, Alabama from natural causes, aged 95. Rajpath Rajpath (, meaning "King's Way") is the national boulevard of India. It is in New Delhi, the capital of India. The boulevard starts at the home of the President of India and ends at the National Stadium. City of David The City of David (, "Ir David"), called in , Wadi Hilweh, is an archaeological site in Jerusalem. It is next to the south-eastern corner of the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem. The site is attributed to the palace of king David, and includes a water tunnel that was built by the king Hezekiah. Near the site live Jewish and Arabs. Boeing 307 Stratoliner The Boeing Model 307 Stratoliner was an airliner which was made by Boeing. It was the first airliner to have a pressurized cabin. This meant that the Boeing 307 could fly at 20,000 ft (6,000 m), which is above most weather. If the plane was at 14,700 ft (4,480 m), it would be like 8,000 ft (2,440 m) inside the cabin. The Model 307 carried five crew and 33 passengers. The cabin was nearly 12 ft (3.6 m) across. It was the first plane which took off from land to have a flight engineer. Development and design. In 1935 Boeing designed an airliner with four engines. It was based on the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. This airliner was called the Model 307. It had the same wings, tail, rudder, landing gear and engines as the B-17C. However, the middle of the plane was a circle. Its diameter was . It was designed so that the plane could be pressurized. The first order was made in 1937 by Pan American Airways. Pan Am then ordered more. Transcontinental & Western Air (TWA) ordered five. Boeing then started making the plane. C-75. When the U.S. joined World War II in December 1941, it was thought to be a luxury to fly. The war meant that government and military officers needed to fly long distances. Planes like Pan Am's 14 flying boats and TWA's five Boeing 307s were used for this. More fuel tanks were added to allow it to fly further. Military Boeing 307s were called C-75s. Before World War II stopped them being made, 10 307s had been made for airlines. TWA flew between New York and Los Angeles for 18 months until the Army bought their planes. TWA changed their 307s to C-75s in January 1942. These were the only American planes which could cross the Atlantic with cargo until the Douglas C-54 Skymaster was made in November 1942. C-75s had the pressurization equipment removed to make the plane lighter. Some seats were taken off, and some other changes were made. Five fuel tanks were put onto the plane. The landing gear was made stronger and the maximum take-off weight was made bigger (from ). The outside was painted olive drab. History. The first Boeing 307 Stratoliner flew from Boeing Field, Seattle on December 31, 1938. However, it crashed on March 18, 1939, while KLM was looking at it. The first delivery was made to Howard Hughes. He bought one Boeing 307 to fly around the world. He wanted to do it faster than he did before. Hughes' Boeing Stratoliner had more fuel tanks. It was ready to go, but then Nazi Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, so Howard Hughes did not make his flight. This 307 had its extra fuel tanks taken off. It also had more powerful engines added. It was supposed to be a "flying penthouse" for Hughes, but it was not used a lot. It was eventually sold. Pam Am started getting its Boeing 307s in March 1940. TWA got its first 307 in April. TWA used its 307s to fly from Los Angeles to New York City. Pan Am's flew from Miami to Latin America. Ten 307s were made. Three were given to Pan Am (named Clipper Flying Cloud, Clipper Comet, and Clipper Rainbow) and five to TWA (named Comanche, Cherokee, Zuni, Navajo, and Apache). One went to Howard Hughes. The first 307 crashed. After the United States joined World War II, Pan Am kept flying its planes to Central and South America, but the Army Air Force was in charge of them. TWA's Boeing 307s were sold to the U.S. government. They were called Boeing C-75 and used by the United States Army Air Forces. The U. S. Army gave the five C-75s back to TWA in 1944. TWA sent them back to Boeing to be rebuilt. Boeing replaced the wings and put in more powerful engines. The electrics were replaced with electrics from the Boeing B-29 Superfortress. After these changes, the 307 could carry 38 passengers. TWA switched to the Lockheed Constellation, but the 307s were used until April, 1951. TWA sold its Stratoliners to Aigle Azur. C-75. The C-75 flew two main routes: Washington, D.C. to Cairo and New York to Scotland. They sometimes flew from Gander, Newfoundland to Prestwick, Scotland and between Natal, Brazil and Accra, Ghana. After July 1942, they could stop to refuel at Ascension Island. I Boeing 307s which still exist. The only Boeing 307 Stratoliner which still exists is at the Smithsonian Museum's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center. On March 28, 2002, this plane was damaged a lot when it ditched in Elliott Bay in Seattle, Washington. That was its last flight before it went to the Smithsonian. The main part of Howard Hughes' 307 also still exists, but it is now a house boat. Vladimír Čech Vladimír Čech (6 July 1951 – 22 March 2013) was an Czech actor, presenter and former politician. He was known for being the voice of "Garfield" in the Czech versions. Čech was born on 6 July 1951 in Prague, Czechoslovakia. He studied at the Theatre Faculty of the Academy of Performing Arts. Čech died of Lynch syndrome (a type of colon cancer) and pneumonia on 22 March 2013 in his home in Prague, Czech Republic, aged 61. Ducky Detweiler Robert Slerling "Ducky" Detweiler (February 15, 1919 – March 13, 2013) was an American professional baseball infielder and manager. Listed at 5' 11", 178 lb., he batted and threw right handed. He played for the Boston Braves (1942, 1946). Detweiler was born on February 15, 1919 in Trumbauersville, Pennsylvania. He studied at Quakertown High School. Detweiler was married to Jean Cahall from 1944 until his death in 2013. They had one daughter, Gina. Detweiler died on March 13, 2013 in his home in Easton, Maryland from natural causes, aged 94. Barnala Barnala () is a sub-district of the Bhimber District, Azad Kashmir in Pakistan. Islam in Afghanistan Islam is the state religion of the Afghanistan. About 99.7% of the Afghan population is Muslim. About 80-89% practice Sunni Islam and belong to the Hanafi Islamic law school. 10-19% are Shi'a, most of whom follow the Twelver branch with smaller numbers of Ismailis. Pier 39 Pier 39 is a place in San Francisco. It is a popular place for tourists and has many things to do. There are many restaurants, shops, street performances, and a video arcade. Pier 39 is home to many sea lions and a two-level carousel at the end of the pier. Pier 39 was first developed by Warren Simmons and opened October 4, 1978. Keio University Keio University is one of the oldest universities in Japan. It started in Tokyo in 1858 as a school for Western studies. Jessica Lucas Jessica Lucas (September 24 1985) is a Canadian television and movie actress. She played Lily in the movie "Cloverfield". She also acted in several notable television programs. She was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. The Kennedys (miniseries) The Kennedys was an American-Canadian 2011 Emmy Award-winning miniseries. About. "The Kennedy's" was about the political career and the personal life of John F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy, and Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.. The show was about how Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. made John F. Kennedy win his election for President. As the show continued, they show the difficulties of Kennedy's presidency, Joseph's stroke and rough relationship with Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, and the assassination of both John and Robert Kennedy. The show also featured John's relationship with his wife Jacqueline Kennedy. Ascot, Berkshire Ascot is a large village in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire. It is most famous as the location of Ascot Racecourse, which hosts the Royal Ascot meeting. Ascot Racecourse was founded in 1711 by Queen Anne, with the first race, ‘Her Majesty’s Plate’ running in August of that year. The name Ascot is Anglo-Saxon and derives from East-Cote meaning the Eastern Cottage, probably a reference to being east of the royal estate at Easthampstead. Ascot has always been the western portion of Sunninghill parish (now called Sunninghill and Ascot) and, for most of its history, largely consisted of dangerous heathland frequented by highwaymen. Ascot has 20% more Higher and Intermediate managerial, administrative or professional households than the national average. Ascot has a higher rate of home ownership, either outright or via a mortgage than the national average, which suggests that Ascot is a relatively affluent area. The population of Ascot as a whole, is older than the national average. The population of Ascot is also older than the average, making Ascot a older persons location. Lewis Stone Lewis Shepard Stone (November 15, 1879 – September 12, 1953) was an American actor. He was known for his role as Judge James Hardy in fifteen movies of the "Andy Hardy" movie series. The first movie was "You're Only Young Once" (1937). Stone was born on November 15, 1879 in Worcester, Massachusetts. He was married to Florence Oakley until they divorced. They had two children. Then he was married to Margaret Langham from 1907 until her death. Then he was married to Hazel Elizabeth Wolf from 1930 until his death in 1953. Stone died in Hancock Park, Los Angeles, California on September 12, 1953. He was chasing away some neighborhood children after they attacked his house. His wife Hazel tried to stop Stone from running. Stone managed to run until he suffered a fatal heart attack. He was 73 years old. Wrigley Building The Wrigley Building (400-410 North Michigan Avenue, Near North Side, Chicago, Illinois) is a skyscraper in Chicago. It is directly across Michigan Avenue from the Tribune Tower on the Magnificent Mile. It was built to hold the corporate headquarters of the Wrigley Company. Construction began for the building in 1920. The building was Chicago's first air-conditioned office building. The Wrigley Building was sold in 2011 to a group of investors that includes Zeller Realty Group and Groupon co-founders Eric Lefkofsky and Brad Keywell. Conrad Totman Conrad Davis Totman (born January 5, 1934) is an American historian, academic, writer, translator and Japan studies expert. Totman is a retired professor at Yale University. Early life. Totman was born in Conway, Massachusetts. He studied at the University of Massachusetts. He was granted a Ph.D. in Asian history at Harvard University in 1964. Career. Totman taught Japanese history at the University of California at Santa Barbara, at Northwestern University, and at Yale. He retired from Yale in 1997. Select works. In an overview of writings by and about Totman, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 30+ works in 140+ publications in 4 languages and 7,800+ library holdings. Gregory Smits Gregory James Smits (born 1960) is an American historian, academic, writer and Japan studies expert. He is a professor of Japanese history at Pennsylvania State University. Early life. Smits was born 1960 in Columbia, Missouri. He was earned an undergraduate degree at the University of Florida in 1983. He was awarded a Masters Degree at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. He was granted a Ph.D. at the University of Southern California. Select works. In an overview of writings by and about Smits, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 8 works in 15+ publications in 2 languages and 1,100+ library holdings. John Charles Daly John Charles Patrick Croghan Daly (February 20, 1914 – February 24, 1991) was an American journalist, personality, actor, and game show host. He was known for hosting "What's My Line". He was also the Vice President of ABC during the 1950s. He was the son-in-law of Chief of Justice Earl Warren. Early life. Daly was born on February 20, 1914 in Johannesburg, South Africa to an American family. His parents were on a trip in Johannesburg when he was born. After his father died, Daly and his mother moved to Boston, Massachusetts. Daly studied at the Tilton School and at Boston College. Personal life. He was married to Margaret Griswell Neal from 1937 until they divorced in 1959 or 1960. They had three children. Then he was married to Virginia Warren from 1960 until his death in 1991. Virginia was the daughter of Chief Justice Earl Warren. Death. Daly died on February 24, 1991 in his home in Chevy Chase, Maryland from cardiac arrest, four days after his 77th birthday. Awards. Daly won an Emmy Award in 1955, an Golden Globe Award in 1962, and three Peabody Award in 1954, 1956, and in 1957. Elaine Stritch Elaine Stritch (February 2, 1925 – July 17, 2014) was an American actress and vocalist. She was known for her role as Colleen Donaghy in "30 Rock". Stritch was nominated for five Tony Awards. She won three Emmy Awards and two Drama Desk Awards. Stritch was born on February 2, 1925 in Detroit, Michigan to an Irish-Welsh family. She studied at The New School in New York City. Stritch was married to John Bay from 1973 until his death in 1982. She lived in Birmingham, Michigan. Stritch died at her home in Birmingham, Michigan from complications of stomach cancer and diabetes on July 17, 2014 at the age of 89. Drama Desk Award The Drama Desk Awards are theatre awards. They are given every year in a number of categories. They are the only major New York theatre honors in which productions on Broadway, Off-Broadway, and Off-Off-Broadway compete against each other in the same category. Presented since 1955, they are thought as one of the most important American theatre awards along with the Tony Award. Copycat suicide Sometimes, after a person commits suicide (kills themself), other people will copy them and also kill themselves. This is called copycat suicide. People may commit copycat suicide after a person they know commits suicide, or after hearing about a suicide through television or other media. After a famous suicide, there may be more copycat suicides. This is called the Werther effect. Sudden rises in copycat suicides can spread through a home, schools, or even across an entire country. These are called cluster suicides. Joel Osteen Joel Scott Osteen (born March 5, 1963) is an American author, televangelist, and the senior pastor of Lakewood Church in Houston, Texas. His ministry reaches over seven million broadcast media viewers weekly in over 100 nations around the world. His first book, “Your Best Life Now” has sold 5 million copies. Lakewood Church now occupies the former Compaq Center, once home to the NBA’s Houston Rockets. The venue seats 16,000 people. Osteen was born on March 5, 1963 in Houston, Texas. He has been married to Victoria Osteen since 1987. They have two children. He lives in Houston, Texas. In August 2017, Osteen received significant backlash on social media after he did not initially open Lakewood Church as an emergency shelter following Hurricane Harvey. A post on the church's Facebook page and an Instagram post by associate pastor John Gray, which was later deleted, claimed that flooded highways had made the church inaccessible. Richard Kind Richard John Kind (born November 22, 1956) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in "Mad About You" (as Dr. Mark Devanow) and in "Spin City" (as Paul Thomas Lassiter). Kind voiced Riley's imaginary friend Bing Bong in Pixar's "Inside Out". Personal life. Kind was born on November 22, 1956 in Trenton, New Jersey to a Jewish family. He grew up in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Kind studied at Pennsbury High School and at Northwestern University. He married Dana Stanley in 1999 and they divorced in 2014. They have three children. Actor and director George Clooney is a close friend, and was best man at Kind's wedding. Kind now lives in Santa Monica, California and in Chicago, Illinois. Revelstoke, British Columbia Revelstoke is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Revelstoke is in southeastern in British Columbia and is 641 kilometers (398 mi) east of Vancouver. The population of Revelstoke was 7,139 in 2011. The mayor of Revelstoke is David Raven. The Canadian Pacific Railway opened in the 1880s and ran through Revelstoke. The city was originally named Farwell after one of the local land owner and surveyors. It was then renamed Revelstoke after Lord Revelstoke, head of Baring Brothers & Co. The city of Revelstoke holds the Canadian record for snowiest single winter when 2447 cm (80 feet) of snow fell on Mt.Copeland outside town during winter of 1971-72. Clive Revill Clive Selsby Revill (born 18 April 1930) is a New Zealand actor who is best known for his roles in "Avanti!", "A Fine Madness", "The Assassination Bureau", and in "The Pickwick Papers". He also voiced Alfred Pennyworth in ' and Emperor Palpatine in '. He was nominated for an Golden Globe Award for his role in "Avanti!". Revill was born in Wellington, New Zealand to British parents. He was raised in London, England. He was married to Valerie Nelson from 1970 until they divorced in 1977. Then he was married to Suzi Schor from 1978 until they divorced in 1988. They had one daughter, Kate Selsby. Revill now lives in Los Angeles, California. Ronald Toby Ronald P. Toby (1942 — ) is an American historian, academic, writer and Japan studies expert. Early life.