Combination of custom built parts and ISS compatible COTS items


Different but each system will transmit timing offsets


Turned on during the calibration session (typically once per day)


Net capture, harpoon capture, vision-based navigation


Provides synchronization of the TR modules with a master reference


Be flexible so that it can be adapted as needed to different host data throughput requirements and resources


Hybrid Polarimetric SAR image generation


Second only to water in terms of use by humanity


Relays Return Link Messages from the RLSP to new generation beacons through the Galileo navigation signal


Four electrostatic analyzers (two for ions and two for neutrals) and two mass spectrometers (one for ions and one for neutrals)


Sentinel-2, Optical High Resolution Mission for GMES Operational services


Data & Power Module, Attitude Control System module, Ka-Band radio, Multi-Spectral Imager


Lockheed Martin facility near Moffett Field in Sunnyvale, California


POCC (Project Operations Control Center) at JPL, Pasadena, CA


Interfacing port with the deployer, a camera, burn wire, avionics boards, central inflation connector system, CGG (Cold Gas Generator), solenoid valve


Higher data rate, larger link distance, lower size, weight and power


Flash for in-flight reprogramming (dual redundant)


10 medium-resolution satellites (Corvus-BC) and 20 high-resolution satellites (HD)


End of 2016 or possibly 1st quarter of 2017


Digital sampling and ground signal processing


Finite set of non-coherent source points


Combining measurements from several different sensors


International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration


Operate spacecraft in the harsh radiation environment of the Van Allen radiation belts


Nadir mode, Sun-glint mode, Sun glint track, Principle plane track, Target mode, Surface target track, Multi angles for one target


KSAT (Kongsberg Satellite Services AS) and the Near-Earth Network (NEN)


Maintain a constant cryogenic detector temperature


Most accurate ones for three-dimensional orientation measurements


Total height of the snow cover and sea ice that floats above the ocean


Discharge test will be performed on each TJ array when the biasing switch is activated


Firing three frangible pyrotechnic bolts


Roughly one-third the size of what the actual spacecraft would be


Two standard Exabyte-8505c 8mm tape recorders


SSRL (Space Systems Research Laboratory)


Evaluate surface treatments and other design decisions


Long continuous pointing phases and short duration pointing phases


Redu (BE), Harwell (UK), Weilheim (DE), Matera (IT)


Provides jitter removal to < 0.1 arcsec rms


Half the mass of a conventional nickel-cadmium battery


Examine controversial elements of analog electronics in which the Elder's phenomena has been observed


Remove non-lightning events from the data stream


Minimizes the amount of fuel spacecraft are required to carry from Earth's surface


Ground-based high spectral resolution solar absorption


Study the degradation of lenses in the space environment


Technical University of Delft, The Netherlands


Film canisters were jettisoned and returned to Earth via parachute and recovered by aircraft


1 km for VIS and SWIR, 4 km for MWIR, TIR-1 and TIR-2, 8 km for WV


Russia (former Soviet Union) in the mid-1970s


Environmental monitoring, land management, ocean monitoring


Track COSPAS-SARSAT satellites, recover beacon signals from satellites, perform Doppler processing calculations to locate signal sources, and to relay Doppler solutions to an associated MCC


A teaspoon of one would weigh about a billion tons on Earth


Spin-stabilized at 5 rpm with the spin-axis normal to the orbital plane


4000 times stronger than the magnetic field of Earth


Staring, Motion, Imagery/ Video, Low Light


38 cm telescope, diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser transmitter, altimeter receiver electronics package, 250 MHz waveform digitizer


Within 20% of the apogee location, up to 10% on each side of apogee while above 52,000 km


Measure effects of space radiation on DNA


Integrates the P/L Flight units on the flight Optical Bench


Approximately the first 16 months in orbit or through January 1994


OHU boresight frame, alignment frame of FLLS


Magnetic field, Precision orbit, Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders


Less than 5 cm at 7 km spatial resolution


Higher than the current imager generation of GOES-N to -P


Earth observation and disaster monitoring


On-board in real time and on the ground in the data processor


Does not require a pressurised enclosure


Measures land surface temperature and detects active fires


One of the lowest extents of the satellite record


Transmit commands through a relay satellite and obtain telemetry data


Provide accurate and timely meteorological forecasts


Dual-frequency for ionospheric correction


MIT's Kavli Institute of Technology for Astrophysics (MKI)


Acquire formation and re-acquire it once per orbit


Protects the top of the spacecraft during flight and reentry through Earth's atmosphere


Against temperature changes, but also against temperature gradients


ARTES-7 (Advanced Research in Telecommunications Systems)


Observes the stellar sky to resolve the inertial pointing of the spacecraft


Viscometer/sample cell, precision temperature control elements


12 mm x 12 mm plane gratings, 200 to 600 g/mm


Ease of use, Rapid revisit, Affordability


Shortened by moving more often than needed


Test methods to control the orientation of very large structures in space


560 metres in fine mode and 2.7 km in smooth mode


Potential drought impacts on wheat production


~10% from radiative recombination (RR) of O+


Mitigate the risk of single-event upsets by resetting parameters, subsystems, or the entire system in the case of anomalous behaviour


Blocks stray light from the Moon and the Earth limb


Track the solar panels to obtain the maximum power operative condition


Study other aspects of exoplanets, like the presence and composition of any atmosphere


Assessment of Arctic sea ice freeboard from photon-counting laser altimetry


Satellite data and mathematical representations of physical processes


Collect critical entry environment and thermal protection performance data


Processes navigation estimates and guidance attitude profiles to generate the commanded torques needed to follow the reference profiles


Satellite, aircraft, and ground-based observing systems


Joint US-German development with additional contributions from Australia


Manually pointing the camera to specific targets and making single-shot pictures


Measures the total amount of solar energy input to Earth as well as the distribution of the Sun's energy input across a wide range of wavelengths


Dual-frequency code and cross-correlation, data output of up to eight GPS satellites simultaneously


Extract samples of the ablative material, or Avcoat


JSLC (Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center), China


Directly to processing and archiving centers


Find Earth-sized planets orbiting nearby stars


Manage the transfer of data to the mass storage


Determining vegetation amount, aerosols and ocean/land studies


None beyond Earth's atmosphere and magnetic field


Robust structured 6DoF controller using H-infinity and mu-tools


Fizeau style reflectors similar in design to those used on Meteor-2-21


Small, rocky worlds like Earth, gas giants many times larger than Jupiter, hot Jupiters, super-Earths, mini-Neptunes, planets orbiting two stars at once, planets orbiting the collapsed remnants of dead stars


1/10 wavelength for the three back faces, 1/8 wavelength for the front face, 1/4 exiting wavefront


Demonstration of a new class of low-shock release devices


Compensate the CO2 measurement errors by high-resolution measurement of cloud and aerosol


VDA reflector coating technology, Noise diodes, Hot load shrouding


Global environmental monitoring, biospheric research, cryospheric research, coastal ocean research, disaster mitigation


Early failure of the instrument limited its usefulness


NPS (Naval Postgraduate School), Monterey, CA


Observes the radiance of the atmosphere at microwave wavelengths


Cooperative tracking, non-cooperative tracking


Averaged around a circle at each velocity aberration


2,100 servers, 149 racks of network equipment, 317 workstations, and storage services totaling three petabytes (3 PB)


United States, Mexico, Central America, South America, the Caribbean and much of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans


Far slower than the MWIR and LWIR channels


Less than 0.1% volatile internals by mass


Customer’s system or BlackSky’s Spectra platform


Surrey Space Center at the University of Surrey and co-funded by the EC (European Commission)


Generating estimates of the relative states – namely relative position, (linear) velocity, attitude, and angular velocity – of the S/C, in addition to (probabilistic or deterministic) bounds on the error of each estimate


Geographic coordinate corner points, Map projection, Spatial resolution, Bit depth, ABI channel, Periodicity


40º ahead of the +Y axis and 40º behind the -Y axis


Marshall solar activity future estimation model


Measures height by sending out signals and timing how long they take to reflect off Earth’s surface and return to their respective satellites


Errors at 100 minutes clearly below the nanosecond


Detect changes in thermal control paint coefficients of heat gain / loss based on exposure


Similar to those of the commercial IR camera


Landscape topography, multi-purpose imagery (land), vegetation


Total area in which the ice concentration is at least 15 percent


JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) and JAXA


Qualify several in-house built hardware and software components


Provide full resolution, calibrated, navigated, near-real-time direct broadcast data


Beams with the energy of 10 million Suns


GaN HEMT (Gallium Nitride High Electron Mobility Transistor)


Main loading equipment for the satellite integration and testing procedures


More southern latitudes than ever before


Test the signal array processing technology for mitigation and detection of radio interference in receivers of satellite navigation systems


Assist the crew in taking high-resolution (long exposure) picture tracking of Earth targets at night from the Cupola


Suffers from worse performance when the orientation vectors (magnetic and sun) are close together or during the eclipse


Non-cooperative forced motion maneuvers in closed-loop GNC, including hold, approach, retreat, and target inspection maneuvers


Substitution radiometer (absolute cavity device) and a digital processor unit


Earth's radius down to individual thunderstorms


Time-varying maps of the distribution of water at three depths: surface soil moisture, root zone soil moisture, and shallow groundwater


Survey cosmic rays and particles in the radiation belts


Works in synergy with other Copernicus SAR-based space elements operating at a different frequency


Detect the slight signs of change that may foretell an eruption


Mostly negative and ranges up to almost 10% of the total field


Increased from 405 mm per year in 2003 to 444 mm per year in 2019


Ground signatures of bursty reconnection turning on and off at the magnetopause


A 1994 presidential directive realigned primary command and control of DMSP under the Department of Commerce’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration


512 x 3 pixel microbolometer focal plane array (FPA)


One 3000 km x 24 km continuous strip, two 100 km x 24 km stereo pairs, four 100 km x 24 km strips, or eight scenes


Higher than Earth observation satellites


Low-energy X-rays from Jupiter's auroras


Active radiation monitor capable of time-resolved particle flux measurements


Changes in the solar extreme ultraviolet irradiance


M1A (Primary Mirror Assembly), M2 A (Secondary Mirror Assembly), CLA (Correction Lens Assembly), the metering structure


High signal-to-noise ratio and long-term photometric stability


Ground pixel radiance can be co-registered in bands 1 and 2 at the same time


ISDE (Institute of Space Device Engineering, Moscow)


SP: Single Polarization, DP: Dual Polarization, FP: Full Polarization (quad), CP: Compact Polarization


Three-axis stabilised momentum-bias attitude control system


Approximately 2.5 m x 3.5 m x 3.2 m (deployed)


The sample is divided into two identical units: one having been given a special surface treatment and another one without surface treatment


Around 50% of the LEO satellite’s orbital period


Electrons, positrons, protons, antiprotons


Analysed less than 0.14 per cent of the lakes in the Arctic


Occasional sticking at anomalous alignment position


2 percent of the time (about once every 50 years)


Downloaded files collected and stored by pass for later analysis


Eventually burn up harmlessly in Earth’s orbit


Exploiting a hydrodynamic similarity which relates viscosity to frequency


Provide images for distinguishing crop types and data on plant indices


SSC (Surrey Space Centre), at the University of Surrey


12-sided cylinder with body-mounted solar cells on all cylinder sides


Vegetation, agriculture, forestry, soil moisture, geology, sea ice, coastal processes, and man-made object identification


Long after its original three-year mission


Monitors periodically the status of the OBC


Detect UHF signals from emergency beacons


Opposite side of the spacecraft from the X-ray telescope's optics


Hexagon with a diameter of 50 cm and a height of 53 cm


Measure the density of molecular oxygen in the thermosphere


Achieved through adequate alignment strategies and accuracies


Format and date housekeeping data in S-band


Launch & Early Operations (LEOP), Science Commissioning, Science Operations, Spacecraft Decommissioning


Full 3 degree of freedom (3-DOF) control


Sectorized cloud and moisture imagery directly to the NWS via the AWIPS interface


Star sensors, gyroscopes, IRU (Inertial Reference Unit)


Conduct regular in-space operations (rendezvous, docking, extravehicular activity) in conjunction with payloads delivered by the Space Launch System (SLS) for missions beyond LEO


Remotely Sensed Wind Vectors Over the Ocean


1 GPS receiver, 2 IMUs, 1 dual-FOV sun sensor, 5 coarse sun sensors, 3 magnetic torquers


Sea surface topography, Significant wave height, Surface wind speed, Ocean tides, Vertically integrated atmospheric water vapor, Vertically integrated ionospheric electron content


More than five times the current GOES Imagers


Perform image measurement and payload characterization work


Nighttime cloud viewing at a lower resolution than daytime visible fine-mode data


Impact momentum detection, penetration measurement, impact plasma detection


Provide information on cloud cover over the Soviet Union


More than 5.4 million degrees Fahrenheit


Stabilizing at lower than nominal values (~70 to 80% of nominal)


High-resolution images of Earth's land cover


Better understand climate change and simulate its impact on humankind


Monitors near-Earth particles and the electromagnetic environment, which includes electrons, protons and heavy ions


About 2 dB in QPSK for the same transmitted power


Processes AMSR and GLI 1km products on a semi-real-time basis


Acquire images of small orbiting objects, pre-process the data relevant to the target’s orbit and pass the processed data to the ground station


Atmospheric properties Measurements of atmospheric temperature, pressure profiles, and water vapor content


Averages the output from the focal plane over a number frames on a pixel-by-pixel basis to generate a background estimate


Demonstrate usefulness of space based sensing for refining orbital parameters of an orbiting object


11 bit 8 channel (or 12 bit 4 channel if used in differential mode)


Perigee of 6000 km, apogee of 12000 km, inclination of 43º


An evolution of the proven design currently supporting SAC-C


Define the spacecraft structure, model functionality, and requirements


Measure the viscosity of Xenon at temperatures very near its liquid-vapor critical point


More than 80 percent of global oil and gas production


Third generation Azur GaAs triple junction cells


Plugs into the station’s power channels and rotary joints


1 for 2 lines, 2 additional lines for pixel deselection


Prospect for water in ice, liquid, and vapor forms


Satellite avionics development and testing


Control and synchronise the camera electronics, the SPS, the thermal control and the mechanisms control


Capture city lights and distinguish lights from fires


91 days with subcycles of 29, 29, and 33 days


Electron density profiles in the ionosphere


$35 million to deploy an initial 16 satellites by the end of 2022


Standard, Fine, ScanSAR Wide/Narrow, Polarimetric Standard/Fine, Multi-Look Fine and Ultra-fine


Second Lagrange point of the Earth-Sun-system


Computes the attitude profiles to be followed by the spacecraft


Central and Eastern Europe, Southwestern Russia


Ship identification, position, heading, ship length, beam, type, draught and hazardous cargo information


Necessary to comply with the mass and power budgets allocated to the OVM


7.2 kbit/s (X-band), 0.9 kbit/s (L-band)


The damage to SRC wasn't as severe as initially expected


Located so far from TOI 451 that its light takes 27 days to get there


Distributes the actuations computed by the SC-GNC/FF-GNC (force and torque) to each single thruster and reaction wheels mounted in the spacecraft depending on their configuration


Earth radiation budget radiometers, Space environment, Magnetic field, Other, Atmospheric chemistry, Communications, Data collection, Hyperspectral imagers, Gravity instruments


2 (+2 redundant)) 1 (+1 redundant) 1 (+1 redundant)


One navigation antenna, Two radio occultation antennas


Laser long-path absorption measurements of atmospheric trace species


Enhanced derivative of ESA's SCOS-2000 v3.1


Provide the best possible view of all of the demonstrations


Performs measurements of GNSS scintillations


3.07 million km2 (1.19 million square miles) lower than the 1981-2010 average extent


Operation planning of each ground station


0.42% for the range of 200-460 nm, 0.24% for the range of 460-2400nm


Absolute accuracy of 5%, and a relative accuracy of 3%


Second Lagrange point (L2) of the Sun-Earth system


Deploy 30 satellites by 2023, and possibly 60 in the years after


61 Mbit/s to regional data centers, and up to 350 Mbit/s to the central data center


Determines the orientation of the satellite by tracking it relative to the position of the stars


Aqua, CloudSat, CALIPSO, PARASOL, and Aura spacecraft


Extracts subarrays from each 2 min summed image, compresses them and stores them in the SSB


GPS, Glonass or the future Galileo system


Demonstrate repeatable, closed-loop recycling plastic materials for additive manufacturing in the microgravity environment of the ISS a minimum of seven times


Imaging multi-spectral radiometers (passive microwave)


Observe, analyze and act on global events


Receive commands from the CCM, generate all the clocks necessary for driving the CCD and drive the DACs responsible for providing the bias voltages


Provides data reception and storage processes of KOMPSAT-3 spatial data and allows for the distribution of imagery products to end-users


Integrated power supply (combined solar cells and thin film batteries)


Safely deliver NASA's contracted cargo to the ISS


Create the piezo drive voltages from the raw battery bus, command the stage position, read the stage position, operate the piezo stage in closed loop using strain gauge feedback, and implement a notch filter to avoid exiting resonant frequencies in the stage


Electric propulsion for the cruise and spiral down phases and chemical propulsion for Mars orbit insertion


Cooler than normal sea-surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean


Combines all subsystem and payload electronics into one electronics box


F’ (pronounced F prime) framework from JPL


6DOF formation control with thrusters, realistic collision avoidance demonstration and technology payloads


Uses a hose to connect the tank filled with liquid methane to the empty tank


Between 77 and 98 times more massive than Jupiter


Detect small planets with bright host stars in the solar neighborhood


Coping with nominal and failure scenarios


4 gyros, 2 processing units, 2 power supplies


Nadir, ±26.1º, ±45.6º, ±60.0° and ±70.5º forward and backward of the local vertical


Roaming services for sensors and devices on trucks, precision agriculture equipment, clean energy infrastructure and other sectors


Maximize use of the RADARSAT-2 satellite


Maintained by limiting the temperature change between views of cold space


Cryogenic superfluid helium superconducting magnet


Active galactic nuclei, accreting supermassive black holes, clusters of galaxies, stars with strong, magnetically active hot coronae, X-ray binary stars containing neutron stars, black holes or white dwarves, and spectacular supernova remnants


Search & Rescue, Data Collection, Emergency Manager’s Weather Information Network (EMWIN)


RF Digital Polarimetric Receivers, Main Reflector, Reflector Deployment Assembly, Instrument Controller Electronics


Serve as a host structure for instrumentation analyzers


32 bit RISC processor (Renesas Technology, SH-4, 300 MIPS)


5 parallel strings of 4 series connected


At least 90% in the energy band from 0.3 keV to 10 keV


Open loop tracking mode for initial acquisition and re-acquisition


Automatically make use of ground stations or other satellites when available to reach a given target


5G signal propagation, autonomous vehicles, smart cities and internet of things (IoT), guided munitions and disaster response planning and mitigation


H/V (horizontal and vertical), H (vertical), H/V


24 cross-track pixels and 8 along-track pixels


15.05 million km2 (5.81 million square miles)


Pioneer techniques for storing and replenishing cryogenic spacecraft fuel


Detect 55 Cancri e via the transit method


Acquire the stereo imagery of the target area


Test its performance and to verify its optomechanical design against dynamic loads


Uses the gravity of the sun, Earth and moon


Flare detection, exposure evaluation, time averaging, spatial averaging, sub-field extraction, and JPEG compression


Special filter attempts to recover optical information from the non-affected parts of the image


500 km x 500 km with a spatial resolution of 500 m


AEI/MM/exozet; GW simulation: NASA/C. Henze


Observable extraction and orbit determination software


Loss of onboard power regulation and spacecraft attitude stabilization


C/A and P code, P-codeless (cross-correlation)


Capture the fasteners the astronauts remove from AMS


Energetic electron detector in sprites and aurora


Reliability, cost, availability, and capability of lifting the satellite to its desired orbit


Improve the microphysical and radiative property characterization of clouds and aerosols


Analysis of the electromagnetic environment (military use)


Partly passive, relying on the use of paints, MLI and SSM, and partly active using heaters


Latin America, the Caribbean, North America, North Atlantic and West Africa


Determine water vapor mass in seven layers, and specific and relative humidity at six levels


Make the laser beam more than four times wider


Excess EUV radiation can result in radio blackouts of terrestrial high frequency communications at low latitudes


Integrated thermal management system, robust structural integrity, high-attitude control accuracy, and precision three-axis stabilization


Provide hyperspectral imagery for agricultural applications, Acquire visualization of Earth warming by measuring NDVI (Normalized Differential Vegetation Index), Provide high quality video data of Earth's surface using a HDTV (High Definition Television) camera


Optical communication system; and a high-performance payload data processor


Smaller than the pixel size of the detector


Model to convert volume change to mass change


Acquire data contributing to international global change research (carbon cycle and the water and energy cycle), as well as for applications in such fields as meteorology and fishery


PARASOL (POLDER) complements CALIPSO (Lidar) and NASA's Aqua and Aura (MODIS, CERES) missions, it also makes use of the CloudSat (CPR) radar data


Protect spacecraft during shipping, launch, and handling aboard the ISS


Detects high-energy X-ray light and studies some of the most energetic objects and processes in the universe


Factor two better over a conventional Dicke-switched system


Can show the dramatic change in the terrain before and after the lake drained


Omnidirectional antenna system for both up and down links and additional global horn for downlink


Altitudes of 20 to 100 km over thunderstorms


Tryout of technology for the precise orbit insertion of small satellites of CubeSat format


Changes in cloud top radiance produced by lightning


Develop and demonstrate on-orbit, autonomous, compact, light weight, low-power instrumentation to monitor the environment around a spacecraft, and to provide alerts whenever the environment is likely to cause any of the following anomalies: surface charging, deep dielectric charging, single event upsets (SEU's), or radiation dose effects


Access TTE data from each DP5G unit and store in a rolling buffer


Direct task and download 30 cm-class satellite imagery to its ground station


Up to SARSAT-10 (NOAA-18, launch May 20, 2005)


Controls the relative state (position and attitude) of the formation


Clouds of dust and gas partially block the X-ray light, emission is reflected off the inner edge of the accretion disk


Within 0.7 dB of theoretical projections


Simulating the high-energy, low gravity conditions that were present during formation of the early solar system


Intense and quite uniform field perpendicular to the vertical axis


Ku-band transmitter at 10 Mbit/s, BPSK modulation, 0.2 W output


Near real-time to hrs (product dependent)


Usually operate without any ground intervention


Mapping differences in land cover, understanding the landscape, mapping how it is used, monitoring changes over time


OMT (Orthomode Transducer), OMT couplers, CND (Correlated Noise Diode), two diplexers, RFE (Radiometer Front End), RBE (Radiometer Back End), DPU (Digital Processing Unit)


Provide higher accuracies for image processing


Tends towards RADARSAT-2's center of mass, which is approximately 1 m above the center of the SAR antenna


Four 1N hydrazine thrusters with 10 kg of propellant on board


Small enough for a useful disaster support


Automatically retrieves raw downlink files of Aquarius science data from the CONAE database and processes this data into time-ordered salinity data files


Transmit beam definition command and switching sequence definitions to the active antenna


Primary instrument in future GRACE-type missions


Collect, process, and distribute the science data for the mission


Dicke switch, reference load, coupler to a noise diode


35 m in-track, 35 m cross-track and 70 m radial over 15 minutes


Certain recurring morning and evening twilight periods


Command & control and power distribution


Shot noise fluctuating about zero with occasional peaks due to lightning events


Mode 1, Mode 2, Mode 3, Mode 4, Mode 5, Mode 6


Oldest continuously operational satellite in the DMSP weather constellation


Ensure primary and backup lasers head down the same path


Produced the first global view of the variability of the surface geostrophic currents


10 krad/year behind 8 mm of aluminum shielding


Perform digital data processing of the received signal


Help scientists understand the quantity of hydrogen-bearing materials in cold traps in permanently shaded lunar craters


Prevents visible radiation (below 900 nm) from entering the spectrometer chamber


Planet-planet interactions, mutual inclinations, moons, tides


Use of mature, well developed non space specific protocols such as CAN (Controller Area Network)and LIN (Local Interconnect Network), On board autonomy, Robustness and redundancy, The use of COTS (Commercial-off-the-Shelf) components and technologies, Modularity, Low recurrent costs at unit level


Reduced complexity and better calibration performance than analog designs


Able to take imagery over the disaster area during its first pass


Using time-differentiation of the slope-corrected HV, fire risk areas will be detected


Provide low-resolution visible and infrared images of oceans, coasts, and clouds


Test susceptibility of commercial computer memories to space radiation


Single, dual, quad (full-pol.), compact (or hybrid)


3-axis magnetometer, a 3-axis gyroscope, 4 sun sensors, 2 ST (Star Trackers)


Conducting experiments and research in microgravity environment


Serves as the hub for all data received by and sent from the spacecraft


Between 0.5 and 1.7 times Jupiter’s mass


Measure TEC of the ionosphere and density measurements of the troposphere


Provide accurate and higher resolution meteorological observations


Public safety, resource management, environmental monitoring, location-based services, intelligence and disaster monitoring


Danish Technical University and the Italian Space Agency (ASI)


Compactness, self-automation, high speed, user oriented


Relative trajectory that does not advance towards or retreats away from the target over multiple orbits


Support high-pressure gas operations and activities on-orbit


Stronger effect in the morning hours compared to that in the afternoon


Simulation exercises for ISS assembly flight


ESRO (European Space Research Organization)


Provide emergency abort during the launch ascent phase, sustain the crew during space travel, and provide safe reentry from deep space return velocities


University of Auckland’s Te Pūnaha Ātea-Auckland Space Institute


Provide critical sparing support for the water production capability for the environmental control and life support system (ECLSS)


Retrieve the atmosphere column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction (XCO2) with precisions of 1% (4 ppm) on national and global scales


Higher resolution camera compared to Chang'e-1


Precise and stable references voltages Vp for actuation linearization, Vd for position sensing and Vref for Analog to Digital accurate conversion


Four 22 N thrusters and eight 4.5 N thrusters


Pyrolytic graphite film for the flexible section and aluminum terminals on each end


Cosmic X-ray, near-Earth extreme ultraviolet, instrument background


100 times more stable than today’s best navigation clocks


NPS (Naval Postgraduate School) in Monterey, California


New technology mid-wave infrared camera and micro-cryocooler


Satellite-derived bathymetry results were correlated with field measurements of the lake taken via boat, helicopter, and land surveyors between June 1974 and September 1976


Virtual reality headset and a haptic joystick


Overcurrent protection, load switching, autonomous transitions between internal modes based on battery voltage


Measure geophysical data related to the Earth's environment


Removing a large ESA-owned object from space


North America (USA, Mexico), Asia (China, Korea, Taiwan), Europe, including nine ESA Member States (Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland) and Russia


Can be used while being moved in off-road and all-weather conditions


SOC 81, Shriever (Falcon) AFB, Colorado Springs, CO


Interface for the propellant tank and reaction wheel deck


Ensure that the precious samples reach the Earth’s surface intact


Statistically probable Minimum Detectable Ship Length (MDSL) metric at a 90% confidence level


Approximately 0.91 minutes in local time each day


Oceanic circulation, tides, El Niño, La Niña, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, ocean floor topography


The users can also operate their own user ground stations to receive directly the user data


Uses an n-channel MOSFET transistor, amplifier and tolerance resistor to create the voltage-controlled current sink


Investigate the link between deep dielectric charging and the spacecraft anomalies


259 miles southwest of Long Beach, California


Observation of the Earth and Its Environment: Survey of Missions and Sensors


~30 times better than ROSAT (soft band 0.5-2 keV) and ~100 times better than HEAO/RXTE (hard band 2-10 keV)


Analyzing the latitude, longitude and elevation represented by each photon


Regulate the spacecraft translational and rotational states around the guidance reference; Compute commands for the spacecraft actuators, based on the processing of the control error


Maneuver planning and scheduling for routine operations as well as special operations such as station keeping, annual yaw flips, and engineering or science investigations outside of normal operations


Imaging microplate detector with a wedge and strip anode


Photovoltaic assembly, solar panel deployment mechanisms, PDM (Pyro Drive Module) electronics


>120 at a 15-degree sun elevation angle for a 15% reflective object


NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE-FO satellites


Danish Technical University, University of Copenhagen, Aalborg University, Terma A/S, CRI, Copenhagen Optical Company, DDC International, Innovision, Per Udsen Co., Rescom, Ticra, DNSC, DMI, NASA, ESA, CNES, DLR, and more than 40 universities and research institutes


Step-scan motion in the cross-track direction of ± 40.5º


Study ice layers and Antarctica’s bedrock


Unusually cold and snowy in 2017 and 2018


Demonstrate operations foreseen from future formation flying missions


50 µrad (VIS to IR), 28 µrad (IR to IR), 6.3 µrad (0.5, 1.0 to2 km), 5.2 µrad (0.5, 1.0 to1 km)


Huge circular structure of hot gas below the plane of the Milky Way


307 in northern polar areas, 37 in Antarctic areas


Increase in energy available for research and station activities


Varies with angle about 48 km at nadir about 150 km at limb


Decreases in the presence of an external magnetic field perpendicular to the magnetization of the layers


Lowest-level isolation and recovery is attempted first


Determine the cross- or macroscale spatial and temporal properties of magnetic reconnection


Ground processing algorithms to decompress, calibrate and navigate the image samples


Projectile configuration, panel type, panel offset, chaser momentum


Temperature variations in black hole winds


Further information about the planet's bulk properties can be determined by studying the transit signal


Analysis of MABEL Bathymetry in Keweenaw Bay


~ 1.5 m (vertically) within each 100 m diameter footprint


Urban land use and land-cover maps, forest areas monitoring, agricultural areas discrimination and classification, vegetation cover maps and crop identification, fire risk areas mapping, flood monitoring, land-cover change and snow cover maps


Over 150 undergraduate students, 7 active graduate students, 7 faculty


Wildfires, dust storms, volcanic eruptions, turbulence, and fog


Characterize clouds and provide imagery in theaters of combat


20 W operating, 120 W during cold calibration


Silver casting of the T. E. S. T. sculpture


Parallel and independent for Payload and Service modules


Ultra-precise satellite-to-satellite tracking in low-low orbit


Enable long duration journeys to destinations, such as the Moon and Mars


BATC (Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corporation)


Generate the corresponding RF (Radio Frequency) signal


Scan mechanism assembly, telescope, aft optics, filter-wheel assembly with its cooler, cooler assembly with the cooled detectors, detectors for the uncooled channels, preamplifiers, viewport sunshade


Two separate structural assemblies: the sensor assembly and the enclosure structure


±50 µm in the two axes orthogonal to the optical axis


Establishes a mathematical model that describes the relationship between the position of the CCRR and the position of the return beam on the sensor


Must be synchronized to be able to compare the recorded waveforms


Can extend significant distances from shore


Laser transmitter, optical unit, pointing control mechanism, laser receiver


Vertical structure and distribution of precipitation


Driven by natural and/or anthropogenic causes


Flux Gate Magnetometer (FGM), radiation dosimeter and surface charging sensors


50 W in imaging mode (mean power of 29 W)


Task management, data conversion, time management


Fraction increases steadily between 10 GeV to ~250 GeV


Small black holes that slowly feed off their companion stars, radiating X-rays as material plummets down into their bottomless pits


Less than one hour from image acquisition


Tesat-Spacecom and the DLR German Space Administration


25 min (scanning), 30 min (duty cycle = 100%), with 5 minutes spare time for a retrace of the scan mirror


USO (Ultra Stable Oscillator), MWA (Microwave Assembly), horn, IPU (Instrument Processing Unit), SPU (Signal Processing Unit)


19 bands, with 18 Infrared(IR) bands, and one visible (VIS) band


Allows for the propagation of the state when no measurements are available, while updating the state only when they are available


Determination of microphysical properties of clouds, accurate determination of cloud particle size


Demonstrate several technologies critical for the CanX-4/5 formation flying mission


More than three times that during rapid intensification


Provide a window into the coastal dynamics and processes


34 separate small telescopes and cameras


Maintain the processor clock and provide accurate time stamps


Simultaneous imaging of composition and temperature


Based on the conversion factor of 28 µrad/km


Coordinates with the Aquarius Science Team and the SAC-D Operations personnel


VHF at 9.6 kbit/s, frequency = 155 MHz, bandwidth = 16 kHz


Reentered the Earth's atmosphere on Nov. 16, 1999


"Just Read the Instructions" droneship, Pacific Ocean


Deployed from the SRC (Sample Return Capsule) which faces the sun


Each kiloparsec equal to 3,260 light-years


Nanosatellite’s view must not be obstructed by the Earth or moon


Used for initial attitude acquisitions and other maneuvers


Intercom connect cable for power and data transmission


Canada (CRC), France (CNES), Russia (ROSHYDROMET), and the USA (NOAA)


Below the security margin set by the ISS safety policy


Coarse Earth and Sun direction determination


As soon as the universal serial bus (USB) connects to the NanoRacks platform


Airbus Defence and Space in Toulouse, France


Lower cost, allowing the democratization of space


Studies charged particles and nuclei in the cosmos


4 (2 in the head and 2 close to the ADC)


Develop and validate new algorithms relevant for coral reef monitoring based on Sentinel-2 observations


Tease out the gravitational signal associated with the movement of water by evapotranspiration


Next-generation environmental satellite system for the Department of Defense (DoD)


Validate the electrical architecture and the on board software


Optical Bench Assembly (OBA), Payload Thermal shield, Payload Electronics panel, Central Module - Structure and Propulsion, Avionics and Electronics panels, Sunshield (SS) and Solar Array


Takes advantage of the difference in lightning pulse duration which is on the order of 400 µs versus the background illumination which tends to be constant on the time scale of seconds


Testing of the spacecraft launch, orbital, reentry, and recovery systems


Ensure continuous monitoring of the RVX GNC and the satellites’ relative state, and prompt response to failures


Must be balanced against the increase in other noise sources such as read noise and dark current


Beam steering, multi-beam operations, large bandwidth and high efficiency


Draws carbon out of the atmosphere and stores it in plant matter or the soil


Maintains thermal control of the focal planes when pointing the instrument at off-nadir ground targets


Hundreds of times brighter than the Eddington luminosity


JEM-EF (Japanese Experiment Module-Exposed Facility) of JAXA


Emits a high-power beacon that enables target acquisition at far range with Earth in the background of CSC


Stiffness, strength and pointing requirements of the payload, sensors


Comparing the time at two or more laser-ranging sites


Regardless of weather conditions and the time of day or night


Connected with components on the instrument's telescope receiver


Day/Night Cloud Coverage, Cloud Motion Winds, Cloud Top Heights, Upper Tropospheric Humidity, Precipitation and Sea Surface Temperature


1024 channels from 0.753 - 0.784 µm with 0.1 nm FWHM resolution


Fully polarimetric quad-polarization (quad-pol)


Search for the 'missing universe' and understand the origin and structure of the Universe


Space-based monitoring of air quality, greenhouse gases, the ozone layer and natural climate drivers like solar energy


Launch the samples into orbit around Mars


8.5 g’s in two directions simultaneously, 12 g’s in each of three directions individually


Ultra-thin layers of reflective iridium coating


Dependent on solar activity and position in the orbit


Sectors 1 and 2, observed between July 25 and September 20, 2018


At least 50 times farther away from its present location


Determine topographic character of ice sheet changes


Provide tactile and visual feedback to astronauts during robotic operations


Toggle mode data processing and waveform diversity processing


Cut methane emissions by 45% by the year 2025 from the oil and gas industry


L0: Action None (Unit Level Local recovery), L1:Unit/Function Recovery (Recovery by FDIR), L2: Unit/Function Reconfiguration (Unit substitution by FDIR), L3: OBC / System Recovery (Safe orbit entered & System Mode to MANUAL), L4: CAM (Drifting orbit entered & System Mode to MANUAL)


Monitoring displacement between satellites in constellation, measuring structural distortion before, during, and after deployment of large-scale structures, and fine-tuning positioning of telecommunication satellite antennas


Tracks of ICESat-2 measurements from 2019


Dry Conditions Occur Once Every 50 Years


Sea-surface temperature, wind speed, and liquid water


Pan images with a resolution of 7.5 m, MS images with a resolution of 15 m


20 W average 50 W peak including downlink


Winds emanate from the black hole not in a beam, but in a nearly spherical fashion


STI (SpaceTech GmbH Immenstaad), Germany


TOPS (Terrain Observation by Progressive Scans)


Rate Damping Mode, Sun Acquisition Mode, Earth Acquisition Mode, Fine Normal Mode


Very similar to known pulsars in the Milky Way


Improve performance analysis of the SSN (Space Surveillance Network)


Parallel to the velocity vector for spacecraft with ascending node in the afternoon/evening sector


Geomagnetically trapped electrons and protons; electrons, protons, and heavy ions of direct solar origin; and galactic background particles


Increased sea surface temperature (SST), ultraviolet radiation (UV) and acidification of seawater


Electronics stack, three S-band antennas, one L-band antenna


Remotely operated using virtual reality and haptics interfaces


Between the ICPS (Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage) and Orion


160 minutes for 6000 km x 6000 km area sounding


European Institutes and Industries from Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Russia, and the UK


Receives GPS signals (L1 C/A) as input for navigation support and provides low-rate data communications links to ground stations and the TDRS system


500 Hz (ROI function), 30 Hz (full frame)


30 Mesoscale images every 15 minutes as well as a Full Disk every 5 minutes


All flight operations of the Sentinel-2 spacecraft including monitoring and control, execution of all platform activities and commanding of the payload schedules


Provide time correlation and synchronization between the two satellites, enable the exchange of formation control data among the platforms and determine their relative distance during the complete orbit including the precise formation flying maneuvers


1000 gigatons of land ice into the ocean raises global sea level by 2.8 millimeters


Rx (uplink): 17.7-18.8 GHz Tx (downlink): 27.5-28.6 GHz


MBRSC (Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Center)


Computing the relative position and velocity during perigee pass based on GPS measurements


Seeing through the gas and dust around black holes


Dust, dust mixtures, smoke, marine aerosols


High speed OISL (Optical Intersatellite Links) between LEO and GEO relay satellite and multi channel RF downlinks in Ka-band for the GEO to ground links


Receive and store KOMPSAT-3 data, support to collection planning, generate standard and value added imagery products, and distribute imagery products to users


12-sided structure measuring 0.95 m point to point


Reconfigured the data paths between the control center and the payload automatically


TEC of the ionosphere and tropospheric water vapor as a function of altitude


Fluxgate sensor by Applied Physics Systems


Maxar-owned manufacturer formerly known as Space Systems Loral


Measure loss of the floating ice shelves around Antarctica


At least 10 times more sensitive than the current GHGSat satellite


Local User Terminals (LUTs), Mission Control Centres (MCCs), Rescue Coordination Centres (RCCs)


Perform the planning of the satellite orbit control


Identify flashes by reviewing the remaining events


Measure the proton, electron, and alpha particle fluxes at GEO


Essential for water cycle and global change research


Monthly variations of the Earth gravity field


W. M. Keck Observatory (Mauna Kea, Hawaii)


Miniaturized high data rate X-band transmitter


Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú-Satellite


43 AROs (Automatic Reconfiguration Orders) and lots of error events


2 x 8 x 1N Monopropellant, 2 x 12 x 10 mN Cold Gas


More than 600 scientists in 54 countries


About 50% of the entire software load that is required for crewed flight on EM-2


Since shortly after launch in August 2001 until August 4, 2004


Sweeps the FOV across the Earth limb to obtain vertical profiles of the natural airglow radiation


Every 25 km for the 19, 22, and 37 GHz channels, and every 12.5 km for the 85 GHz channel


LCT to modulators through the DPU (Data Processing Unit)


Powering Boeing's CST-100 Starliner spacecraft


Spectral determination of major minerals


Direct sun observation, Diffusion sun observation


STS (Shuttle) or with multi-service launch systems


Maintain communications during natural disasters


Conduct active experiments to quantify spaceborne VLF wave-injection efficiency and determine the details of the wave-particle interactions


Six solar panels in two wings, with two Lithium-ion batteries


Fully operational in its 7th year of service


Help avoid a dangerous gap in Arctic sea ice data


Italian Space Agency's LARES-2 scientific payload


Approximately three to six months after the first launch


Baseline three axis control authority mechanism at all altitudes


Struggling to complete essential tasks because of declining concentrations of Arctic sea ice


Collecting power to be dissipated externally to the LCT


Controls both magnetometers and samples connected sensors


Measures the surface degradation of a material sample exposed to the space environment


OM (Optical Module) and CEU (Camera Electronics Unit)


14.42 million km2 (5.57 million square miles)


Exponential moving average with an adjustable time constant k


2.5m for the panchromatic band, and a 10 m for the four multispectral bands


Provides the power supply for the FEE and SiPMs


On-board data handling functionality exploits the advantages of the reliable hot redundant CAN networking with built-in error detection mechanisms and a ruggedized and fail-safe harness


MOX (Mission Operations Complex) of ISTRAC (ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network), Bangalore


Mechanical two stage ejector, extension mechanism with four booms rolled into a central distributor


90% of ice-free ocean surface every two days


GaAs opaque photocathode and multiple dynode PMT


Improved dosimetry and measurement of linear energy transfer (LET) value


Study the boundary layer between Earth and space


Test masses, measurement devices, lasers


Demonstrate and test a full space implementation of the Space Communications Protocol Standards


SSRL (Space System Research Laboratory) at Hankuk Aviation University


2 fixed X-band Low Gain, 1 steerable K-band High Gain, 1 steerable X-band Low Gain


Process, store and format multi-spectral video instrument data for the satellite downlink


3DOF translational solution or a full 6 DOF pose/translation solution


In-orbit demonstrations of the GNC subsystem, the operations, the autonomy approach, and the VV


Mirror silicon carbide off-axis telescope (TMA)


Collects light curves on everything in its field of view


Slope of the positron fraction decreases by an order of magnitude from 20 to 250 GeV


Provide total and spectral solar irradiance measurements


Measure deposited energy and arrival time for each event, enable depth of interaction measurement


Make a background measurement 4 times a second


Via an unprecedented precision guided landing on an ocean-going "drone"


Western U.S., Alaska, Hawaii and the Pacific Ocean


Characterisation of clouds and aerosols and their microphysical and radiative properties


Provide information on the properties of magnetopause reconnection


4 years (plus 4 years of possible mission extensions)


Non-volatile data storage capability and substantially higher storage density


To measure the IV curves and to determine the pointing sensitivity of a new linear concentrator solar cell assembly


Possibly pull that into the back end of 2020


Raw data from the CBERS data collection system in the S-band


4,000 times stronger than the Earth’s own magnetic field


Consistent with the transmission protocol


Collecting data about methane emissions from the oil and gas industry


Once every 10,000 to 100,000 years in a galaxy the size of our own Milky Way


Due to energetic particles striking the detector


Heavily influenced by the trade winds blowing from the northeast for most of the year


ISUAL (Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning), RSI (Remote Sensing Instrument)


Very high without an external magnetic field and a current applied perpendicular to the magnetization of the layers


Translation and transmission of commands; uplink of files; downlink of telemetry, log messages, and files; automation of each listed capability through a TCL API


Military specification 31750a (dual-redundant silicon-on-sapphire)


Stop internal processing if request is deleted


1 uncorrected processor upset every 128 years


Around 10 times more sources than the previous all-sky survey


Reflecting a transmitted laser beam back down to a designated ground station


Mission management, product generation, product distribution, enterprise management


Monitor the near-Earth particle and electromagnetic environment in real-time


Three sections: a square precision-mounting platform, a five-sided equipment-support module, a circular reaction and control-equipment support structure


ESA’s CryoSat-2 and the European Union’s Sentinel-3 satellites


Not enough compared to that of full-pol.


Can be used to generate a complete set of GNSS measurements: ranges, carrier phases, Doppler measurements and carrier-to-noise ratios


Common opticalbench that thermally couples both sensors


Develop next-generation minisatellite bus systems which utilise open architecture techniques and manufacturing methods to reduce the overall cost and development period of a satellite, whilst providing high-resolution Earth observation imaging


Urban lights, electric storms, polar regions, snow cover


One receiver on each spacecraft remained usable


HPD (Half-Power Diameter), HEW (Half-Energy Width)


Detects weak lightning flashes from the intense but slowly evolving background


Low Resolution Airglow/Aurora Spectrograph


Cold redundancy and use radiation-hardened qualified components


Variety of pricing and utilization options


Improve treatments for kidney stones and osteoporosis


All survey data and roughly 1/3 of X-ray imaging data


It will be made available through terrestrial network to the users’ sites


Five spectral channels between 365 nm and 1654 nm


Switches electronically in the elevation direction


Greater than the number of CRs that could be collected in the SCM scenario


Higher CH4 concentration in Southeast and South Asia, Central Africa and in the northern part of South America


Provides observable data for each GPS satellite in lock


OceanSat-2 of ISRO, SAC-D of CONAE and NASA, Megha Tropiques of ISRO and CNES


Damaged on the ScaRaB/Meteor-3-7 mission


Atomic Oxygen Fluence Sensor (AOFS) and the Material Degradation Monitor (MDM)


NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in collaboration with Penn State in University Park, the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico and Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems in Dulles, Virginia


8 SDRAM chips with a capacity of 512 Mbit each


Global monitoring of oceanographic phenomena and features, provision of oceanographic data, demonstration of key features of an operational ocean dynamics monitoring system


Brought the planet inward from its original, wider orbit


Controls the optical sensor and processes the images. Determines the inertial pointing of the STR CHUs and the relative state of CSC using the VBS cameras


Tokyo Institute of Technology (TITech), Japan


Beacon is used to estimate the pointing error, which is then used to continuously steer the antenna back to the satellite


Planning, data acquisition, processing and distribution of the Göktürk-2 satellite data


On a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) along with 4 operational amplifiers


Argentina (sponsored by the Argentinian Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation)


The Pan band offers TDI services for SNR improvement of the signal


Spectrum appears to flatten above 250 GeV


One astronomical unit, or about 150 million kilometers


Code Pseudorange, Carrier-Phase Measurement, Doppler (or Range Rate), C/N0 (Carrier-to-Noise Ratio)


VAFB (Vandenberg Air Force Base), Vandenberg, CA, USA


Measure atmospheric carbon with great precision and high spatial resolution


Formation flying demonstration, Equipment qualification, Development, design and validation principles for formation flight, Relative dynamics experiments, Guest payload


Star tracker, sun sensor, inertial measurement unit (IMU), magnetometer, reaction wheels, torque rods, and processor


Emergency response, land monitoring, disaster management


Primary path for L1b data from WCDAS to NSOF


Decreases power on the two detectors within FLLS


Optical sensors and highly advanced image processing techniques


Provide faster, more accurate data for tracking lightning, storm systems, wildfires, dense fog and other hazards


On-axis, two-mirror, and two-lens corrector system


Structural panels on old, large satellites


Monitor Galileo signals from the GIOVE, IOV, and Galileo spacecraft series


Provides the sensor data of the satellite health monitoring, such as power, temperature, and attitude to the ground station via the Morse code


September 2020 (left) and February 2021 (right)


Maintain a radio link between the two satellites


GPS receiver for RO (Radio Occultation), Velocity & anti-velocity antenna assembly, POD (Precise Orbit Determination) antenna, RF cables


High-resolution 10 m mode (dual polarisation)


10 MHz frequency and 1 pulse per second (1 PPS)


Korsch telescope with a TMA design in SiC


Study macroscale properties of dayside magnetopause reconnection


Measure the temperature inside the Maple-1 enclosure


Temperature and humidity profile of the troposphere and the stratosphere


7 m ( 100 km altitude) 1.3 m ( 15 km altitude)


Based on typical 1 minute snapshots with additional attitude control data saved at 1 Hz


Hosted steerable Ka-band communications payload named HYLAS-3 for Avanti Communications


Lower cost, more energy efficiency and longer battery life


Sensitive to different wavelengths of light


Radar instrument, RLSBO (Side Looking Real Aperture Radar)


Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared (AVNIR)


Detect concentrations as low as two parts per billion


See the highest energy X-rays in the universe


Avionics and integration for the service module (SVM)


To get early information on suitability of Optical Bench design w.r.t. thermoelastic stability requirements


Low Earth orbit to deep space exploration missions


Doubles DigitalGlobe's capacity to capture multispectral and 30 cm imagery


Remove events not caused by lightning, including radiation hits and glint from Sun on the ocean


AstroFein (Astro und Feinwerktechnik Adlershof GmbH,)


Provide information on solar activity and the effects of the sun on the Earth and the near-earth space environment


Constant current/constant voltage charging


TLE (Two-Line Element) sets from the JSpOC (Joint Space Operations Command)


Horizontally polarized (except for the two 91.665 GHz channels)


Optical bench within one of the laser-safe laboratories


Accurately measure the solar constant and identify variations in the value during a solar cycle


Detect dim lightning events emanating from a bright, zenith-illuminated cloud top


Integrated analog front-end (AFE) electronics


Ship identity, location, size, speed, heading, cargo, destination


Determine accurately the yaw orientation


Other, Communications, Data collection, Lightning sensors


Radiation tests, assembly qualification, construction analysis, electrical characterization, reliability tests like burn-in, destructive physical analysis, stress and life tests


CLAUDIA (Cloud and Aerosol Unbiased Decision Intellectual Algorithm)


Observation of Sun’s corona during artificial eclipse


ITT-AES (Advanced Engineering & Sciences), Reston, VA, a division of ITT Industries Inc


Reconfiguration flags, current configuration flags, failures reported through dedicated event packages


PARASOL (POLDER) complements CALIPSO (Lidar)


Provide detailed global measurements of the electron distribution in the Earth's ionosphere


Constantly tries to schedule any request in its request database


Ensure that the overall RVX SW is single-failure tolerant


Provide multispectral imagery of 22 m resolution on a swath of 220 km


ICESat-2’s predecessor, the original ICESat mission, as well as the European Space Agency’s satellite dedicated to monitoring polar ice thickness, CryoSat-2


Miss distance of 200 m radial and 1000 m in-track and cross-track


Map the bedrock below the ice shelf and the water


All the DVB-S2 features have been implemented


Supporting communications and/or navigation functions of mission applications


Understanding ocean circulation, global water cycle and climate interaction. Soil moisture over Argentina Global sea salinity measurements & Retrieval of soil moisture from Aquarius over Argentina


Lossy compression based on wavelet transform


Downwelling (Incoming) solar radiation at TOA


Handover from FF to RVX at WP0, Reaching WP1 through a forced motion retreat maneuver, Reaching pre-perigee WP2 by non-drifting hop, Demonstration of perigee passage under Sun illumination until WP3


Contains Orion's propulsion, power and life support systems


Provides indications of anthropogenic stressors and climate change impacts


Measures ultraviolet flux, crucial for understanding how radiation affects heating in the thermosphere and creating the ionosphere


Educational program, On orbit demonstration of the nanosatellite bus technologies, Generate a 300 V photovoltaic power in LEO


Obtain three-dimensional stereo image of the lunar surface


More than 250,000 km2 of the ocean in less than a minute


Amplification and initial down-conversion of the signal


Characterize the debris and micrometeoroid environment of GTO


Estimates of the flux distribution with respect to the local pitch-angle


Refine Measurements of Planet Masses, Sizes, Densities, and Atmospheric Properties


Near-infrared absorption of carbon dioxide and the molecular oxygen in reflected sunlight


Fill critical data and observes gaps between point source and global mapping satellites


Ka-band for mission data and S-band for TT&C data


9.2° from the PLM (Payload Module) +Z axis


Analysis of data and generation of calibration information


Used only for a few minutes on each rotation


Directly to the 55 K coldfinger of a 1 W tactical cooler


JPL and the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)


Commanding and monitoring the EDRS-A payload


About 35 meters (100 feet) above sea level


4 (vertical, horizontal and the sum and difference which is equivalent polarization at ±45º)


Department of National Defence (DND), the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Canada Border Services Agency, the Canadian Coast Guard, the Department of Fisheries and Oceans and Transport Canada


Establish telecommunications in disaster areas


Burns away (i.e., it ablates) in order to prevent heat being transferred into the crew module


Plot and analyze spacecraft health and safety telemetry as a function of time, view GDS logs, view raw file and telemetry downlink, and create command products to downlink telemetry


Bumper 3 code and the ORDEM 3 orbital debris environment


ESA CCSDS packet telecommand standard tailored for G-PUS


~10 young engineers and scientists from UAE


Test attitude control, power, and communication systems as well as a photo-display-and-retransmission system


Receiver, ultra-stable oscillator, antenna


Can record the full spectra without any time delay and can decouple the spatial and spectral signatures


Records the length of time it takes to make that round trip


5G connection and Quantum Key Distribution


Four independent code generators for primary and secondary codes per unit


Imaging multi-spectral radiometers (vis/IR)


Two decades after completion of the TT&C (Telemetry, Tracking, and Command) stations originally installed for RADARSAT-1


1000 nautical miles from Canada's coasts


Existing ground stations and improve robustness


Reduce the trigger rate during periods of very large flux activity


Sensor electronics, command processing, telemetry and housekeeping, attitude and orbit control, thermal management


Incorporate Canada-supplied L-band SAR repeaters on 24 GPS satellites


Sending radio or laser light pulses toward Earth’s surface and recording the reflections as they bounce back


Low energy trajectory using gravitational manifolds


EU (European Union) Framework 7 (FP7) research project


Higher than a low altitude orbital mission


250 engineers, fabricators and scientists


Spatial and temporal ion dispersion signatures in the magnetospheric cusps


Available in Spotlight and in ScanSAR mode


Orthographic, centered at 90º West, 30º North


Two on-board units, commercial RadFETs, thermistor


Concatenated external Reed Solomon (255,223) encoder and an internal convolutional (7,1/2) encoder with an interleaving depth of 5


Combination flywheel and magnetic control coil system


Captured images of the shadow of the Moon crossing the face of Earth


EO (Electro-Optics) module, telescope, scan assembly, detectors, cooler, power-supply modules


Provide necessary corrections for the SeaSat altimeter and scatterometer measurements


Maximize the contrast between the TLE and lightning events


Monitoring greenhouse gases such as methane, ozone, water vapour, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide levels


Measure the distance change between the two satellites


Examine new photonics technologies, in particular optocoupler components


When the received intensity is over a threshold value


MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center


8 differential signals from light sensors, 2 temperature signals


Solar and internal lamp for VNIR, deep space and black body for IR


450 km wide ship detection optimized beam mode in the HH polarization channel, and a 530 km wide multi-purpose beam mode in the HH and HV polarization channels


4 reaction wheels, 4 torque-rods, 4 hydrazine thrusters


Discovering new Earths and Super-Earths in the solar neighborhood


Uploading Steering Coefficients and Bias Commands


Monitor 50 major oil and gas regions that account for more than 80 per cent of global methane production, revisiting them on intervals of seven days or less


Enable sustainable fabrication, repair, and recycling on long-duration space missions


Operate the CCD, digitize the image data and transfer it to the CCM


Obtain the abundances and distributions of various elements/materials on the lunar surface


Responsible for commanding, communicating with the spacecraft master avionics unit, and interfacing with the Ka-band transmitter


Primary power to the Ancillary Electronics Module (AEM), power the camera, power the MCM


Below the Landsat-9 and above the top of Centaur


24/7 for five years for the initial mission, with a possible six to seven years of extended mission after that


Forward data from the EDRS GEO satellite to the target LEO satellite


Investigate coastal ecosystems, measure mangrove forests, measure sea level rise in coastal regions, improve nearshore bathymetry maps


Multi-purpose imagery (land), Soil moisture


CEUP (CEU Power supply), CC (Camera Controller), and FPA


Short-wave infrared (SWIR) for low light and nighttime imaging


Optimization problem aimed to ensure the CL robustness to complex-valued model uncertainty, as well as uncertain parameters


Sun pointing (heliocentric pointing) or toward Earth (geocentric pointing)


Start signal (300 Hz), 3 seconds; Phasing signal, 5 seconds; Image (800 lines), 200 seconds; Stop signal (450 Hz), 5 seconds


Determines particle time of flight (TOF) and velocity


The electrical resistance is measured over time for a deduction in sample volume changes


Every 19th orbit of CryoSat-2 and 20th orbit of ICESat-2


Exhibits nearly identical and equally unexpected behavior as the proton flux


Taiyuan Satellite Launch Complex in Shanxi, China


Open water in the cracks between the ice floes, called leads


Distribution of the diffuse hot gas, supernova remnants, foreground stars, distant Active Galactic Nuclei


Revealed differences between the sun and planets in oxygen and nitrogen


Dark oceans, well known desert areas under moonlight


Investigate the amount and distribution of water ice on the Moon


4 times deeper than the previous all-sky survey by the ROSAT telescope 30 years ago


Entire Americas and North Atlantic Corridor


Measure and evaluate the effects of the high radiation environment on electronic devices


Integrates a large spectralon sunlight diffuser


Passive thermal control is implemented based in the selection of materials, internal arrangement and paints or MLI (Multi-Layered Insulation)


Flown to Ellington Field in Houston, then shipped by van for the short ride to JSC


Measure the velocity of charged cosmic particles


The issue occurred shortly after stage two ignition


1.6 with Nbr=2, and multiplied by 2 with Nbr=3


One infrared detector, one water vapour detector and one pair of visible detectors will be in operation


Monitor earth's surface, carryout oceanic observations, provide data dissemination capabilities, provide BSS (Broadcast Satellite Services)


Shadnagar GS (Ground Station) of NRSC (National Remote Sensing Center)


NOAA, Navy, Coast Guard, Geological Survey, NSF


Address three critical SBEM gaps: ocean surface vector winds, tropical cyclone intensity, and LEO energetic charged particle characterization


AMS operations take place, including commanding, storage and analysis of housekeeping data and partial science data analysis for rapid quality control and feedback


Medium and high energy protons and electrons


CEM (Correlative Environment Monitor) and CCA (Central Carrier Assembly)


Performed at the University of Colorado Boulder


To be made available routinely for SAR data processing


Provided SSMIS underflights during the March/April 2004 field campaign


Autonomously detumbling the spacecraft, searching for the sun, maintaining a sun-pointed coarse attitude, slew to an inertial attitude, maintain 3-axis pointing with relatively high precision over long durations


Carry astronauts to destinations beyond LEO


Complete scan of each hemisphere every 15 minutes


Mobile data communication system and satellite communication system


Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) beamforming, DOA (Direction of Arrival) estimation


Provide high-accuracy global sea level (ocean height) measurements


40 million people and 5.5 million acres of farmland


Camera, IPU (Instrument Processing Unit), optical subassembly, secondary structure, FPA (Focal Plane Assembly), Korsch telescope, video electronics, sequencer, DC/DC converter, compression cards


Publish work on ABEX to conferences and journals


Ranged from 22 km at 37 GHz to 100 km at 6.6 GHz


High-precision GPS receiver and laser ranging


Telespazio (Rome, Italy) and TAS (Thales Alenia Space)


Transition to non-cooperative mode, Non-cooperative hop, Sun-aligned station-keeping maneuver


Estimate of ionospheric delay and its change


Absolute accuracy traceable to the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technologies) or equivalent primary standards of radiance scale


Taking pictures of the inner solar corona


Includes memory to store high resolution data for a time interval including the event detection time


Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory


Slippage when the moving mirror vibrated


Provide remote sensing images to observe and monitor vegetation, deforestation in the Amazon region, water resources, agriculture, urban growth, land use and education


Registers the pulse from the Mire Beacons on CSC to synchronize the integration of the WAC and NAC with the pulsed Beacon


Electrical, power, command & communications protocol


Long-term trending and climate understanding


Planet-scale waves in the lower atmosphere


Cost savings, does not require change in solar array design


Improve the performance of the onboard power generation system


Multispectral and Panchromatic Wide-Scan Camera


To identify and characterize the TLEs (sprites, halos, elves, etc.), to locate the source regions of TLEs over the world, to identify and characterize the strongest lightning flashes, and to trigger other TARANIS instruments which may point out associated events


5 lenses, 2 filters, an alignment cube and a divergent lens


Turns the torquers off while reading from the magnetometer


Robotic rendezvous using chaser and target satellites


Low-perigee, highly inclined lunar orbit


Demonstrate Orion structural integrity, thermal protection systems, jettison separation of the launch abort system tower, on orbit energy and guidance capability, re-entry crew module control, separation from the service module, parachute and landing separation events


PSK (Phase Shift Keying)/PCM (Pulse Code Modulation)


Adjustable vernier kinematic mount with five degrees of freedom


R (1R = 1010 photons m-2 s-1 steradian-1)


Monolithic Si (VNIR); hybrid HgCdTe CMOS (SWIR)


Move heat away and dissipate it into cold space


Two near-polar, sun-synchronous satellites


Penetrate rain and clouds, penetrate forest canopies


Nearly one month later since the start of the satellite record in 1979


Confirmed and characterized planets in habitable zones with known mean densities, compositions, and evolutionary ages/stages


2003 until its decommissioning on Jan. 30, 2020


Use solar radiation pressure rather than an onboard propulsion system


Measurement of sea surface temperature (SST), soil water content (moisture), sea wind speed, water equivalent of snow cover, precipitation intensity, sea ice distribution, precipitable water


Up to 3 minutes from right- to left-looking (or from left- to right-looking)


Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectance


Seeing high-energy X-ray light from the decay of titanium-44


Position-monitoring, monitoring the relative positions between craft in the constellation, monitoring the structural distortion before, during, and after deployment


Provides near real-time monitoring of fishing activity


Process and validate the data, and distribute products to the science team


Enable more accurate specification and prediction of the state of the thermosphere


Investigate Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRB) through spectral analysis and localization of joint gravitational-wave GRB mergers using wavefront timing analysis


~35 W (37 W on nightside, 21 W on the dayside of the orbit)


NASA/JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) and the German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ)


TUBITAK-UZAY and TAI (Turkish Aerospace Industries Inc.) consortium


Identify Points in Night Images and Match Them to Positions on Maps


Automatically detect the occurrence of a special kind of electromagnetic wave known as 0+ whistlers


CAN drivers, TTC drivers, the operating system kernel, ADCS software, and the application software


1) processor-based; 2) state-machine based; and 3) analog only


Provides temperature control management of the DMAC instrument


UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter)


Sending pulses of light to Earth’s surface and measuring the time for individual photons to return to the sensor


Dual redundant CAN (Controller Area Network) bus


Provides the planning and satellite command, control functions and the maintenance of the satellite systems


Non-contact measurement of surface potentials


Demonstrate the technology for low-cost and very small spacecraft to explore the lunar surface


Connected via the switches (MOSFET, for biasing) to the negative end of the high-voltage solar array


Triple junction GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) cells


Thermally conductive, yet structurally isolating


Not detected during the standard quality checks


Converts received signals to intermediate frequency, performs signal amplification and filtering


Provide fault tolerance against premature deployment


Provide an environment for frequent, inexpensive, on-orbit demonstrations of emerging space system technologies and to accelerate their transition into operational use


Receive a variety of satellite information


Elevation-mapping lasers, ice-penetrating radars, optical and infrared cameras, gravimeters, magnetometers


Improve observation capabilities and understanding of water cycle


Three main PCBs – EPS, C&DH, and Backplane


Governor's School for Science and Technology in Hampton, Va


Detect not only flash location but average flash area and total optical energy


Driven by sunlight vaporizing the ices near the surface of the nucleus


4 Mbit/s (for 1 km resolution), 16 Mbit/s (250 m resolution)


Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs), Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs), Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs)


Study the upper atmosphere and the impact of space weather on Earth


JAXA (Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency)


Coordinates the detection and flag processing coming from the different elements of the FFSW and provides alarms/warnings


FM communication = 1200 bit/s, CW communication (beacon) = 20 wpm


Greater than – 4 dBic for elevations > 5°


Star sensor, sun sensors, magnetometer, gyroscopes


Flight tracks, origins and destinations, flight numbers, aircraft types, positions, altitudes, headings, speeds


Study the abundance of chemical elements, the degree of their ionization, the density and temperature of the emitting gas in the bubbles, and to identify the locations of shock waves and estimate characteristic timescales


Uses free-floating test masses sheltered inside each spacecraft as reference points for the measurement


Develop and demonstrate an onboard micro-propulsion system


Available to third parties with their own ground stations through cooperative agreements


Approximately 5 W greater than the predicted value


Standard, Wide, Low incidence, High incidence, Fine, ScanSAR wide, ScanSAR narrow


Parts per thousand (grams of salt per kilogram of sea water)


Provides high-resolution imagery and radiometric information of the Earth’s surface, atmosphere and cloud cover


Downward and aligned to local vertical within 0.01 degree


Repeats High/Low in periods of several microseconds (µs)


44 cm between sides and 47 cm body height


Gauging seafloor depths down to 100 feet below the surface


Transfer the samples from the SFR to the Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV)


Multidirectional and polarised solar radiation reflected by the atmosphere and Earth’s surface


Ocean colour instruments, Magnetic field, Other, Data collection, Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders, Gravity instruments


Monitor the flow of rivers and water reserves, monitor and protect wildlife, receive weather data, monitor soil movements, monitor livestock and crops


Automatic observation of objects with large radiance differences (ocean colour and land vegetation)


Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics


Provide precise and unexpected information


Minimize the average heat dissipation to the focal plane CCD


> 0.23 at 38.5 lp/mm for B13, B14 and B15 bands, and > 0.18 at 38.5 lp/mm for B16 band


Examining the sizes of charge pulses generated by charged particles in silicon diodes polarized in reverse by a high voltage


Unusually bright at wavelengths of 12 and 24 micrometers


Prospect, locate, and estimate size and composition of water ice deposits on the Moon


On track for a full recovery with no lasting effects to the satellite


Thermal vacuum, instrument testing and calibration


4 general Galileo signals + 1 wideband AltBOC (Alternate Binary Offset Carrier) signal + 9 GPS satellites (L1+L2)


Exert both a frictional drag and a frictional heating on the neutrals


Real-time (QLP) to max 45 minutes (NRTP) per scene, 10-15 GFLOPS


Uses the previous net and harpoon experiments


SSTL’s MOC (Mission Operations Centre) in Guildford


Automatically extract seafloor depth measurements from ICESat-2 laser data


Planet Labs Inc. (formerly Cosmogia Inc.)


Efficient detection of moving objects and accurate estimation of their parameters


Communication between the user terminal and the payload (or vice versa)


Locate massive black holes, Study the population of compact objects in the Galaxy, Understand explosion dynamics and nucleosynthesis in core collapse and Type Ia SNe, Constrain particle acceleration in relativistic jets in supermassive black holes


Improve the understanding of the global carbon dioxide distribution and its contribution to climate change, and also monitor the carbon dioxide variation on seasonal time scales


Investigates cardiovascular health in space


Not imply major constraints or hardware changes in the PROBA-3 baseline


Maintain an artificial eclipse of the Sun


Largest all-female university in the world


Seven magnets for field calculation, leakage and dipole moment; Three full-size magnets for space qualification, destructive testing and flight


Structural, electrical, and C&DH interfaces


Significantly improve the stringent timeliness requirements of demanding Earth observation missions


Spectral calibration accuracy of 0.02 nm


More active than the larger galaxy's central black hole


Real-time orbit determination, Use of GPS C/A signal observations and navigation messages


Detect just a few photons from each laser pulse and timing their round-trip travel from satellite to earth and back extremely accurately


14 cm (5.5 inches) in October, 27 cm (10.6 inches) in April


Lower than two-dimensional interferometric radiometers


Monitor changes in plant health and growth


To monitor aspects of space radiation which cause single event effects in microelectronic components


Locates the beacons by Doppler processing


Reduce uncertainty in position estimation and improve accuracy of conjunction analysis


Acquiring the formation and providing relative position determination with micrometric precision


Exact repeat ground track every 127 revolutions in ten days


Resulted in an almost total lack of GPS timing information


Space Research Center of the University of Leicester, UK


Transmit instructions for on-board programming and time-tagging information


Reflects the beam towards the focal plane


Water management, orbital tracking of water quality and pollution, spacecraft-grade recycling systems, identify marine plastic litter using satellites


Stabilizes the position of a star image on the telescope detector


NAOMI (New AstroSat Optical Modular Instrument)


To acquire accurate, high-resolution, global measurements of sea-surface wind vectors in 1 to 2-day repeat cycles


38.4 kbit/s (low rate), 2-4 Mbit/s (high rate)


Approximately 13 to 43 minutes after liftoff


Provides high-resolution imagery and atmospheric measurements for short-term forecasts and severe weather warnings


Monitor water resources, agriculture, urban growth, land use, deforestation and burning of the Amazon rainforest


Helium, lithium, carbon, oxygen and heavier nuclei up to iron


NEC Corporation and the Institute for Unmanned Space Experiment Free Flyer (USEF)


Create photo-realistic, 3D accurate data models overnight


Compact, low power monitor housed on a single board


Bus interface board, Solid state data recorder, Digital board, LED and heater control board, 2 x focal plane bias boards, Low-voltage power supply board


Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio, The Journal of Aerospace Science, Technology and Systems, Vol. 97, No.3 July-September 2018, pp 135-144


Specific humidity 1.5 grams/kg or ± 20 percent over clear sky or ocean


Non-sun-synchronous, inclined at 51.6° at an altitude of 407 km and a period of 93 minutes


15 Stripmap modes, 4 ScanSAR modes, and a Spotlight mode


Measures the particle's momentum in the strong magnetic (B) field of the AMS


Carries the different satellite components and payloads


For the magnetorquers for control of S/C precession


Some RADARSAT-2 modes (including Multi-Look Fine, Ultra-Fine and Spotlight) use dual receive apertures to double the effective pulse repetition frequency without needing to sacrifice swath width


From styrofoam-like to three times denser than water


MySat-1 and the second CHEFSat satellite


Measure vertically-resolved cloud movements when clouds are present, measure the ocean surface temperature when clouds are not present


1:20 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (17:20 Universal Time)


FWHM (Full Width Half Maximum) 0.5 cm -1


+X direction and then back again along the same path in the -X direction


Ranging from 14.71 µm - 3.74 µm in the IR bands and 0.695µm in the VIS band


Integer multiple of the filter wheel rotational period (200 ms)


Measure the largest flares without saturation


NRSC (National Remote Sensing Center), Shadnagar, Hyderabad Complex


OLS, SSH, SSJ/3, SSB, Contamination Monitor


Interfaces with all the subsystems on CanX-2, responsible for all normal satellite operations, including telemetry collection, execution of attitude determination and control algorithms, commanding of experiment payloads, communication with the ground


Organize and develop a mission applications program


LPC2E (Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l'Environnement, Orleans) of CNRS, France and the Stanford Very Low Frequency (VLF) Group, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA


2 visual spectrum bands, and 14 infrared bands


Monitoring the relative positions between craft in the constellation


1/8th degree of latitude, or about 8.5 miles


Goddard and Wallops Flight Facility on Wallops Island, Virginia


LASP (Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics) at the University of Colorado, Boulder, CO


Make possible oxygen and nitrogen measurements


Deployable SAR antenna subsystem, RF and baseband subsystems


Mission planning and satellite command, control


Provide autonomy over Europe's space weather forecasts and redundancy for space weather forecasters globally


Worldwide customers as well as institutional users in Russia


For quasi-deforestation monitoring of pantropical regions, i.e., Brazil, Indonesia


Measure the energy of smaller microflares


Utilize the SpaceWire capabilities to provide a packet delivery protocol that is able to detect and recover lost packets


Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota, India


Two telescopes and a photomultiplier tube (PMT)


Monitoring and control of orbit and attitude of the satellite, planning and management of the satellite bus operation plan, reception and management of imaging plan, processing of the image data and storage and management of the product


Turns RF signals into information to be sent throughout the system


Now available for free from the National Snow and Ice Data Center


Stanford AudioPhonic Photographic IR Experiment


JAXA (Japan Aerospace and Exploration Agency)


Provides DC power, the standard frequency, and signal interface ports


Precise latitude, longitude, and elevation


Mixed ship and shore-based broadcast transponder system


The instrument has produced the first global maps of surface temperature together with maps of wind speed


Ocean Surface Vector Winds (OSVW), Tropical Cyclone Intensity (TCI) and additional EDRs


Earth's target reflectance from 12 directions during a single S/C pass


Small coupling of tilt into the length measurement


16 pixels in along-track and 160 pixels in the cross-track direction


Calculate the performance of the radar systems and create simulated radar images


Three separate photodiode detectors for rapid scan solar measurements and an Electrical Substitution Radiometer (ESR) for long-term SSI calibration maintenance


Meteosat missions can be combined by the user to provide an integrated data access system


Monitoring of Earth's distant magnetotail ion energy spectrum, solar flare bursts and cosmic Gamma bursts


Momentum wheel, horizon scanner, magnetic coils


Data amount, network transmission bandwidth, product type and quantity, archiving data and applications


Combination of `alert' and `self-timed' DCPs


Understand climate change and support sustainable ecological transition


Unique set of measurement/calibration bands


< 41 kg (optics < 35 kg, electronics < 6 kg)


Single-pol (HH, VV, HV or VH) image or two dual-pol images (HH+HV or VV+VH)


2D-PSD (2 dimensional Position Sensitive Detector) and low power laser diode


Land, disasters, geohazards, and the cryosphere


With NASA's SDO (Solar Dynamics Observatory) mission


HEPS instrument, the ECS (Experimental Computer System), and the radiometers and photometers


Laser transmitter, concave mirror/detector


278 Mbit/s for Ka-band and at 800/400/200 Mbit/s via X-band


Provides a reliable launch locking device and allows after pin retraction the mechanism to rotate in both senses


Catalogues of millions of exotic celestial objects such as black holes, galaxy clusters, neutron stars, supernovae and active stars


Israeli Payload Specialist (PS) or a backup crew member


69 percent of Utah, as is 61 percent of Colorado


SAIT Systems has also a contract from ESA to operate LLMS/IRIS for a period of three years


SLC-41 (Space Launch Complex-41) at CCAFS (Cape Canaveral Air Force Station), FL


LCEU (Laser Control Electronics Unit), the OHU (Optical Head Unit), and the CCRR (Corner Cube Retroreflector)


Plan user image acquisition requests and generate spacecraft payload sequencing commands


Define the extent of sea ice and seastate conditions (wave height and patterns) on the world's oceans


Transfer and long-term storage of liquid methane in microgravity


100 vector samples/s in burst mode over polar latitudes


Groundwater Storage and Root Zone Soil Moisture


Sun-synchronous circular orbit of 720 km with an inclination of 24º


Three days for both regional and global coverage


Contributing to the local educational program for elementary and junior high school students


Data electronics, laser and fiber amplifiers, computer, mechanisms, beam expander optics


Perform ground calibration and carry out field observations


86% of the energy that the Sun provides to Earth


Obtain integrated liquid water and water vapour content in the atmosphere


Used to maintain the vacuum and monitor the level of residual pressure


Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, SLC-40


Measure particles and magnetic fields in space, testing the practicality for a network of stations to monitor space weather


CdTe Schottky Diode double sided strip (ACRORAD)


Provides information on the altitude distribution of the light-absorbing substances


55 minutes (China area mode), 30 minutes (Mesoscale mode)


Observe ionospheric densities and irregularities


National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration


3,300 W with three panels for Spotlight mode and Ultra-Fine mode, or 5,100 W with full aperture for High sensitive mode, Fine mode and ScanSAR mode


Function of off-axis angle, as a fraction of on-axis area, for several energies


Make in-flight modifications to analyzer software


~1000 W at the beginning of the mission, varying throughout the mission to ~ 700 W


Catalog searching, order placing, order status monitoring and product download


German Space Operations Center in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany


Operating and monitoring the Aquarius Instrument's health


Up to 1,000 times stronger than a typical neutron star


Resolution: 1-12 m (ground range) x 1-48 m (azimuth)


SS-TDMA (Satellite Switched Time Division Multiple Access)


Four lines of 1750 pixels for the MS (multispectral) bands


Imager and Sounder ABI (16 bands), GLM, SEISS, EXIS, SUVI, MAG


CESS (Coarse Earth Sun Sensor), IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), fluxgate magnetometer, STR (Star Tracker Assembly), GNSS receiver


Regulates battery charge levels, controls power generation through a peak power tracker on the solar panels, and provides regulated 5 and 12 V DC power outputs to the spacecraft


Stable and well within operating objectives


University of Colorado CU/LASP (Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics), Boulder, CO


Photographing distant objects of the universe


Below 4.0 million km2 (1.54 million square miles)


PDICs (Payload Data Interface Controllers)


Ground Mission Segment, GESS network, GIOVE Mission segment


Provide secondary voltage to the various instruments


Process 60 times more data than today’s GOES satellites


JEM airlock slide table and the ISS SPDM


Up to about 3 times (from 870 km on Daichi to 2,320 km)


Highly-capable micronized GNC (Guidance, Navigation and Control) system


Network fabric, consolidated storage, database services, enterprise service bus


Difficult to produce by repetitive manufacturing


Front-end for transmission and receipt of the RF signals


Done using a set of high-accuracy translation stages


GATS (GATE Transmit Segment), GAMS (GATE Mission Segment)


Understand phenomena related to Earth's auroras


ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast)


Thermal and Near-Infrared Sensor for carbon Observation-Fourier Transform Spectrometer


Thermal Control Subsystem (TCS), Bus Management Unit (BMU), Electrical Propulsion Subsystem (EPS), Attitude and Orbit Control Subsystem (AOCS ), Liquid Apogee Motor (LAM) and Radio Frequency (RF) communications


GN/SN (Ground Network/Space Network), GPS Tracking and Orbit Determination, Internet Protocol (IP), Range Safety


Improved forecasts lead to better routing of ships with substantial savings in operating costs


Four 750 MHz PowerPC computers running Linux


Wedge and strip microchannel plate detector technology


COTS three-axes magnetoresistive magnetometer (TAM)


2 m/s for winds ranging from 7 m/s to about 50 m/s


To flight-prove a monitor which measures the upset rate due to high energy protons


46% of the expected ICESat-2 data densities


Internal wireless optical communications subsystem


Few to ~10 photons per footprint per laser fire


GIOVE is the "Galileo In-Orbit Validation Element", a forerunner and technology demonstration project of the European Galileo constellation


Evaluate the ESA ERC32 chip set and advanced processing technologies and shielding experiments in the harsh space environment


Polarimetric with four separate channels and four noise diode calibration sources


Critical aspect in the definition of the trajectory profile


Detection of GRB events at apogee arc above the VAB


Collects information on the frequency of single event effects and how to mitigate them, especially in specialized computer chips


Demonstrate the detector technology and electronics for the future “CubeSats Applied for MEasuring and LOcalizing Transients” (CAMELOT) mission


Ensure a sufficient power supply for NASA’s exploration technology demonstrations for Artemis and beyond as well as utilization and commercialization


Mounted on a two HH Single Bay Pallets (SBP) on top of the HH MPESS


1.5 km at image center to about 5.5 km at the edge of a picture


In-situ space weather measurements, ECP flux and warnings


Larger when spring breakup occurred later in the year


Follows the Sun from sunrise to its sunset, which occurs every 90 minutes


Remote maintenance of geostationary telecommunications satellites using a robotic arm


Up to ten times more than traditional satellites


Provide the user in distress with a confirmation that its call for help has been received and that aid is underway


Smaller with respect to the ones of GNSS


Millions of helium nuclei, but no antihelium


Extends from 10º to 27º below the satellite horizon


Computes the absolute position, velocity and attitude of the spacecraft from sensors data and performs Angular Momentum Management (AMM) monitoring


Allows digital event detection algorithms and parameters to be more flexibly developed and optimized to operate reliably at the limits of instrument noise


Sun-synchronous orbit and mid inclination orbit


Feasible for final technology development and design before adoption


CALIOP instrument aerosol typing algorithm


Providing real-time information for compensating the large uncertainties in the ISS flight attitude and the structural degrees of freedom


On all early spacecraft in the COSPAS as well as in the SARSAT series


Result in significant reduction of both tracking and multipath noise


Unprecedented for an operational nanosatellite


Measures lightning activity and ice-phase precipitation


Does not have a communication link directly with Earth


Amery Ice Shelf, meltwater pooling on the surface of the ice shelf


Detecting oil and mineral resources in the ground and seabed


On the International Space Station (ISS)


Patch antenna and GPS sampling device, known as `Bitgrabber'


Similar to those of CBERS-3 & 4 satellites, with improvements to accommodate the new Chinese Imager camera


Three spacecraft flying in a triangular formation with 2.5-million kilometre-long sides


INMCC (Indian Mission Control Center), located at ISTRAC (ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network), Bangalore


Track changes in ice sheets, water stored on land, and variations in ocean mass


Polar ice elevation and tree canopy measurements


Caltech and the agency's Jet Propulsion Laboratory


Equipped Department of Defense (DoD) direct readout sites


Demonstrate the utility of state-of-the-art multi-wavelength laser technology to study aerosol distribution and transport in the atmosphere


Surface roughness, slope, and land-water boundaries


Measure the Earth's magnetic field (strength and direction)


Stage the new pair of solar arrays in time for the installation spacewalks


Sends pulses of laser light toward Earth’s ice, land, and water surfaces and derives height from the amount of time it takes for photons to bounce back


Supports and measures the fern spore ion channel activity


All significant sensor and actuator errors, CSC uncertainties, OSC uncertain/time varying orbital parameters


25 times more sensitive than its predecessor ROSAT


Due to the strict adherence to the cost constraints established by the PB-EO


+Z face of the spacecraft and one on the -Z face


Roughly 25 km by 25 km (15 miles by 15 miles)


Global activity monitoring, Comprehensive commercial satellite imagery, Automated tipping and cueing, Secure online environment for analyst collaboration


30 or more times the diameter of planet Earth


Ensure system rigidity and required first eigenfrequency of the COB


The angle of the local oscillator beam w.r.t. the optical bench


Minimize the mechanical constraints resulting from temperature gradients


EO (Electro-Optics) module, telescope, scan assembly, filter wheel, cooler, detectors, electronics packages


Three magnetic-torquer coils and four reaction wheels


16 for user data, 3 for parity information


326 Mbit/s (6 bit BAQ), 1562 Mbit/s (3 bit BAQ)


Atmosphere, Ocean, Land, Gravity and Magnetic Fields, Snow & Ice


Looking out for pulsing LEDs on the Coronagraph


Higher energy particles (and higher densities) are observed near the equator-ward edge of the cusp while lower energy (and lower densities) are observed at higher latitudes


More than 120 meters over the surrounding terrain


Ice and ocean monitoring, land use, geology, forestry, and mapping


Provides the CCSDS data stream to the transmitter


Catalog query, receiving acquisition coverage


Forward- and backward-looking bands (±20º)


Develop new ways to help forecast the intensity of incoming hurricanes


370 mm x 350 mm x 130 mm (width x depth x height)


Ground-based input of horizontal frequency data and altimetry data supplementary on board


With colleagues around the world, including disaster response agencies


Measure the total ionizing dose from the population of charged particles at the orbital altitude


Estimate the distance to an object, length of an object and orientation of their bodies in space


Reconnaissance of an asteroid, take pictures and observe its position in space


Looking for regular dips in starlight caused by the transit of a planet across the star’s disc


Tesat LCT DTE and the BridgeSat optical communications ground network


High school, university level, professional researchers


Space Weather monitoring and forecasting


Low-resolution VIS (0.4 - 4 µm) and infrared (8.0 - 12 µm) sensor


Measure air quality and detect global methane emissions


Allow solar wind particles to be deeply embedded within the material


Tri-agency office reporting through NOAA to an Executive Committee of representatives from DOC, DoD and NASA


Virtex 4FX FPGA with an embedded PowerPC processor running Linux


Industry Role in ISRO's current and future Microwave Remote Sensing Payloads


Final assembly and integration completed


Provide feedback controls for gain response versus detector temperature


Position sensing, analog control loops, Analog to Digital Sigma Delta converters


Laser, cavity assembly, ranging processor, measurement optics, steering mirror assembly


Program 2, Program 694BH, and Program 417