Reception of a payload link configuration request or when the Automator delivers the current state of the TTC buffer to the LMS


More than 5,600 pounds of science and supplies


Cloud and aerosol interference errors from CarbonSpec’s measurements


Search for extrasolar planets using the transit method


4 MByte for a single MS frame, 12 MB for a full MS frame


Best performance to date for spacecraft of its size


University of Alberta in Canada and the Technical University Delft in the Netherlands


Sea surface winds, rain rates, cloud water, precipitation, soil moisture, ice edge, and ice age


Insulates sea ice from frigid polar air, slowing ice growth


Identify vehicle types, create detailed 3-dimensional maps of terrain and infrastructure, simulate future battlegrounds for soldiers, and observe enemy activity


European Southern Observatory's 3.6m Telescope


Distribute software and database updates throughout the GS


Significant and very useful for post disaster assessment and environmental monitoring


As long as LOS (Line-Of-Sight) is maintained


To persist through at least the end of 2020


Examining attitude estimation and non-cooperative approach using a visual and infrared system


Not contribute to the production of further debris in space


ITRF, Earth's gravitational field, Earth Orientation Parameters


China area < 1 hr, Mesoscale area < ½ hr


Disaster monitoring, land-use (change) detection, environmental monitoring


Measure of health and status of plant growth


Telemetry processing, spacecraft commanding, ground system configuration and management


Measuring changes in high-resolution monthly global models of Earth’s gravitational field


Upper USS-02 Assembly, Vacuum Case Assembly, Lower USS-02 Assembly, Keel Assembly, passive Payload Attach System (PAS) Assembly/Umbilical Mechanism Assembly (UMA)


Researching and characterizing the MEO space weather effects on spacecraft electronics and materials


By adding a band in the near-infrared, POLDER-P expands the spectrum being analyzed


FPGA and software on the embedded microcontroller


Civil and military low-altitude weather satellite


Single 4 hr downlink & repoint every 2 weeks


Towards the spacecraft, housekeeping data acquisition, automatic image data acquisition & processing, execution of autonomous measurement sequences


Primary sensor and developing secondary sensor concepts


Pulsars are the collapsed remains of stars that exploded in supernova blasts. They can spin extremely fast and send out intense beams of radiation


ABI sensor data from GOES-R satellites, ambient temperature, relative humidity at the ground


Matera (Italy), Maspalomas (Spain), Svalbard (Norway), Alaska (USA)


+Zs axis toward the sun with 15° bias on the pitch axis


Plans, coordinates and manages the formation flying activities of the mission in an autonomous way


More than 80 times the warming power of carbon dioxide over 20 years


Offutt Air Force Base, near Omaha, Nebraska


University of Applied Science, Aachen, Germany


Second node in the European Data Relay System


WizardLink family of multi-Gigabit Serializer/Deserializers (Ser/Des), SRAM-based FPGA (Virtex-4QV), High-speed Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC5675A-SP), antifuse-FPGA, TCXO (Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator)


2388 kg (launch mass) and 2169 kg of dry mass


Block out the brilliant solar disk for the other satellite to open up continuous views of the Sun’s faint corona


Feasible compliance to the Galileo requirements


Collect and deliver samples to Mars Ascent Vehicle


Support gas resupply for routine cabin repress activities on-orbit


Cold-biased passively and actively controlled using heaters


Drops to rather low levels if a constant spectral sampling level is maintained


Track Cospas and Sarsat satellites, Recover beacon signals from satellites, Perform Doppler processing to determine geographic location, Send resulting Doppler solutions to the associated MCC


Measurement of the absolute value of the total solar irradiance (and long-term variations)


CREDANCE (Cosmic Radiation Environment Dosimetry and Charging Experiment), DIME-1 (Dosimetry Inter-comparison and Miniaturization Experiment Board #1), DIME-2 (Dosimetry Inter-comparison and Miniaturization Experiment Board #2), ELDRS (Linear Enhanced Low Dose Rate Sensitivity), COTS-2 (Commercial Off the Shelf Technology)


Elevation measurements of Earth’s surface


Speed de-orbit into the Earth’s atmosphere


Receives and relays metrological, hydrological and oceanographic data


Demonstrate trajectory control techniques within the sun-Earth-moon region for the first time by a smallsat


With data from the original GRACE mission (2002-2017) and with current and historical ground-based observations


The area around a star at which water can be liquid on a rocky planet's surface


Subscription-based and ad hoc data requests


Thunderstorm & tornado warning lead time, Aviation flight route planning


Luminosity upper limit at which the radiation pressure balances the gravitational force


Multi-purpose imagery (land), Vegetation


Receive information from, or transmit information to the satellite


NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service and Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pilot Ocean Data System


Manage the configuration of software builds, licenses, and database schema


Broadband spectral determination of composition and distribution of volatiles


A billion times sparser than standard sea-level atmosphere


Earth-sensing, lightning-detecting, solar imaging and space weather monitoring instruments


1% outside of eclipse and 8% during eclipse


Ponds half the size of the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool


Detect marine plastic litter using satellites


Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) in Germany


12 m antenna at DERA Lasham ground station (26 m DSN antennas)


Cassegrain reflective telescope with correcting lenses (a catadioptric optical system)


Lingering for many hours in the Van Allen radiation belts


Holds the foam insert and slots for two MICS cement packets


More than 80 times the warming power of carbon dioxide during its first 20 years


Locate and measure methane from human sources worldwide


Gravitational Threshold for Calcium Ion Channel Activation


Very close, nearly polar orbit around a rapidly rotating star


Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, Calif


SNR > 200 for 25% albedo NEDT < 1.0 K at 260 K NEDT < 1.0 K at 260 K


Changes in the chemical composition of the thermosphere during the total solar eclipse of July 2, 2019


Triangular tetrahedral corner reflectors


Launch the laser beam to other S/C, superimpose the received beam and the local oscillator on the PRFs, convert the optical heterodyne signal to electrical signal, enable the beam steering, enable closed loop beam steering, image the OBA entrance aperture and the FSM onto the PRFs


A3391/3395 system of interacting clusters of galaxies


Roll 10º in 25 s and 30º in 45 s, pitch 45º in 60 s


Monitor and measure internal constitution and precipitation parameters of the atmosphere cloud cluster


Two dynamic modes for high SNR and wide dynamic range


25 m2 for regional coverage, 50 m2 for global coverage


Accommodates the majority of the platform avionics and equipments in the lower half of the spacecraft, with the upper half of the spacecraft primarily dedicated to accommodating the RemoveDebris payloads


Reduces the effects of scattered light from the Earth and Moon


Hard anodized Al. 7075 chassis, with stainless steel load bearing parts


Approximately in the next 2.5-month period


Micrometeoroid Orbital Debris Vulnerability


Extract the new pair of solar arrays from Dragon’s trunk


Radiometric corrected image (image without detector and atmospheric defects removed, shadow, noise and blur removed, no projection information in the projection system)


Process instrument information and send commands to actuators


Total-power passive microwave radiometer/scatterometer


Evaluate new technologies in the high radiation dose environment of GTO


White dwarfs are the collapsed, burned-out remains of stars not massive enough to explode in supernovae


980 nm continuous-wave laser diode and signal processing electronics


Possible trajectory combining different maneuvers


Measure the density of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere


NRLMSISE-00 has more than +20% bias, JB2008 and DTM2013 correspond well with the SLATS data


2D and 3D LiDaR (light detection and ranging)


High throughput, global reach and low-latency


Determination of Local Slope on the Greenland Ice Sheet


Symbols, carrier and, when necessary, PN code


Determine the coordinates of the emergency signal


Distributes low power transmit signal pulses to T/R modules


Analysis of a mission that could remove very heavy debris from orbit


Take high-resolution images of Algeria for cartography, agricultural management, crop monitoring, and disaster management


Collect comprehensive multispectral images of solar plasmas at temperatures from 104 - 107 K with 1 arcsecond spatial resolutions and excellent temporal resolution and continuity


Dropping a prototype lander in a warehouse-like space at JPL


3 antenna beams at θ = 25.8º, 33.8º, 40.3º incidence angles with respect to nadir (to shadow side of orbit)


Different spatial profile of the two beams and residual beam misalignments


Detect the movement of water on Earth based on variations of Earth’s gravity field


Octagonal prism, 40 cm in diameter and a height of 25 cm


Africa, Europe, the Middle East and Asia


Aerosol detection and visibility estimation


Fairchild Air Force Base (FAFB), near Spokane, Washington, and Loring Air Force Base, Limestone, Maine


Routes the output signals from each of the combining networks to the two receiver channel inputs of the SE


A/D converters, de-multiplexers, switches, multiplexers, D/A converters, and control unit


Body-mounted solar panels, two deployable panels, 48 Watt-hour batteries


Twice the movement imaged on the lateral sensor


Maximum change of 0.4º C (rms) over 7 days


Maintain the satellites in the desired relative configuration


Absorbs UV light from the Sun and re-emits it to space


Triple junction solar cells (GaInP 2 /GaAs/Ge)


Advance understanding of the Van Allen radiation belts and their effect on spacecraft components


Matched centroid and star list error distribution validation


J.-Y. Plesseria, P. Levacher, W. Curdt, S. Vives, C. Guillon, A. Mazzoli, F. Rouesnel, A. Paschalis, N. Kranitis, A. Poulakidas, B. Fiethe, S. Shestov, S. Gunar, G. Capobianco, P. Lamy, P. Rochus, K. Tsinganos, S. Kuzin, P. Heinzel, S. Fineschi


Standard high quality camera and a flash imaging LiDAR system


Estimating the types of light sources, comparing the lighting and the economic health of a city, evaluating lighting for road and public safety, correlating light pollution with effects on human health and biodiversity


Executing the automatized flight operations procedures


Evaluate a new way of providing tactile and visual feedback to astronauts when operating robots


Converts the lateral and longitudinal signals into a 3D displacement


Achieve specific orbit with high accuracy


Blue areas have more water than usual, and orange and red areas have less


Still providing valuable information to the science community in 2015


Usually connected with the spacecraft via a tether


Simple PC104 computer clock, no thermal control, no 1 PPS source


Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) filter using a K distribution


6 bands in the Visible (VIS) and Infrared (IR)


Continuous, in situ measurement of individual impact events


Thermoelastic effects, attitude control and determination, image acquisition


Based on event intensity, the electronics noise, and the photon noise of the background


Wide swath, high resolution, full polarimetric


24% efficient under air mass zero (AM0) compares favorably to silicon solar cells that are 16% efficient or GaAs cells at 20% efficiency


In-orbit calibration is absolutely necessary


MWIR cross-talk correction and in-flight calibration protocol


POCC (Payload Operation Control Center) from NASA/JSC, Houston


Contain the in-space propulsion capability for orbital transfer, attitude control, and high-altitude ascent aborts


Worldwide with gaps in mountainous or vegetated terrain


For orbit establishment, maintenance, collision avoidance, and end-of-life (EOL) disposal


Resets the FPGA whenever a critical fault has occurred in the OBC


Record and telemeter the position and time of each X-ray photon detection


More than 100 times greater than previous missions


More than 350 federal, state, and local observers


Fine and Coarse Sun Sensors (FSS & CSS), Magnetometers (MAG), Fiber-optical Gyros (Gyro), and Star Sensors (STS)


Moog Broad Reach (formerly Broad Reach Engineering)


Provide an advanced measurement capability on soil moisture and ocean salinity parameters from space


Keep an autonomous and safe operation environment, ensure housekeeping data generation and collection, manage communications windows, manage on board time, manage and execute TC


New solar arrays, new science investigations, supplies, and equipment for the international crew


Ensure the laser is pointing at the precisely correct angle and lasing at the precisely correct wavelength


Thermistors on the CCRR will report the temperature of the CCRR in-flight


University of Colorado Boulder’s Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP)


Pinpoint soft landing of a rocket onto a miniscule platform at sea


Heat-retardant substance similar to what the Apollo missions used, with the exception of toxic materials like asbestos


Perform refractive radio occultation measurements of Earth's atmosphere


T805, 1 Gbit DRAM/EDAC, 8 Mbit Flash EEPROM


Svalbard site on Spitsbergen in the Norwegian Arctic


OLS,  SSH, SSJ/3, SSB, Contamination Monitor


Four parallel telescopes, one telescope per channel


Geostationary orbit (GEO) over the Pacific Ocean at 143º E longitude, altitude ~ 35,786 km


Provide an important database for future designers of space missions intended to operate in the MEO environment


$30 million, five-year indefinite delivery indefinite quantity contract


Turned on every few days to collect and transfer data to the S/C for downlink transmission


Methane column-averaged dry-air mole fraction (XCH4)


Confined within two cones of gas extending outward from opposite sides of the central object


Earth-Sun L2 mission followed by a deep-space mission


Full reset after a prolonged period without ground contact


Sun-pointing Idle mode, Earth-pointing Communications modes, Safety and Reaction Wheel Desaturation modes


Educational tool and a technology testbed


INPE/LIT facility in Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil


One panchromatic and four multispectral (MS)


Measure how long it takes for light to bounce off the ice and return to the instruments’ sensors


Fire damage, deforestation, urban growth


16 dual-frequency channels (4 AGGA chips)


Study the formation and evolution of compact binary stars in the Milky Way galaxy; Trace the origin, growth and merger history of massive black holes across cosmic ages; Probe the dynamics of dense nuclear clusters using extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs); Understand the astrophysics of stellar-origin black holes; Explore the fundamental nature of gravity and black holes; Probe the rate of expansion of the Universe; Understand stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds and their implications for the early Universe and TeV-scale particle physics; Search for gravitational wave bursts and unforeseen sources


Alerts the TARANIS payload of a TLE occurrence


Evacuate the heat generated by the STD front-end electronics


Checking the stability of the amplifiers and of the data stream


Solar intrusions into the warm load, and thermal emission from the reflector


Precipitation, temperature, and humidity


Large-area maps of sea-ice movement in the Arctic


Receive the strongly attenuated signals coming from the GPS constellation during their occultation time window


Scan modes Full, normal and programmable sector for quick repetivity


Steering mirror mechanism, angular sensor, electrical unit


Ultraviolet: 0.38 µm, Visible: 0.67 µm, Near infrared: 0.87, 1.375 and 1.64 µm


Computes the reference state, position, velocity and attitude; and feed forward action in case of forced continuous phases (formation acquisition, coronagraphy, formation flying maneuvers), and calculates the orbital maneuvers and application times and direction in case of impulsive maneuvers (perigee pass DTMs, CGC, Go to Safe, CAM)


To Europe's GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) program


Amount of water in a column of the atmosphere if all the water vapor in that column were condensed into liquid


Tailored to the operation in a LCT under harsh environmental conditions outside the spacecraft in GEO


Several shot closing/opening of the entrance aperture


Increases, levels out, increases again, tendency to decrease


Monitor router interface traffic, data rates, error indicators, and MIP tunnel status


8.6 cm 2 sr for low energy particles to 1 cm 2 sr for particles crossing the detector


L1CA, L1P & L2P code phase, L1CA & L2P carrier phase, Instantaneous Doppler, Time measurements


Align to ISS local nadir direction, keep desired target steady in the camera's FOV, manually point at off-track targets


Allow interstage boards to act as intermediaries between sensors and the ADCS computer


2015 for high-performance aircraft, 2020 for all aircraft


Information collected by the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)


Monitoring, control, and test functionality for the antenna control unit, receive elements, transmit elements, control ports of the switching system, RF switching, BITE (Built-In Test Equipment), environmental and fire suppression system monitoring, waveguide dehydrator, and other related equipment


High availability, low latency distribution channel


Collection of high precision scalar magnetic data


Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) and private philanthropy


Manages the archiving and backup of all processed image data


Transmit data from a geostationary orbit


Vertical temperature and moisture profile


Inner regions of a star are extremely turbulent at the time of detonation


IPC (Image Processing Computer), Proton 400 k single board computer, 192 GB SSB (Solid-State Buffer) cards, analog I/O power switch board, power supply board


1.25 mrad (or 1 km at nadir) for 28 bands 0.3125 mrad (or 250 m at nadir) for 6 bands


Ice monitoring, pollution monitoring, disaster management, agricultural monitoring, forest management


Small, rapid adjustments to the detector position to keep the target star stationary


Video electronics, sequencer, DC/DC converter, compression cards


Power control, command, and telemetry provided through the HHC avionics equipment


MPE (Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrik), Garching, Germany


Measure the effects of erosion from quartz windows and re-deposition of material onto nearby optics


44 infrared channels in the range from 6.21-11.77 µm (850-1610 cm


Superheated disk of material feeding the black hole


Radiation-hardened SDRAMs (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory)


About 60% of the RTOS implementations in the embedded equipment market


Germanium and chalcogenide glass (GASIR)


Provides information on solar activity such as solar flares and its impacts on the Earth


448 Whr at 100% SOC and 313 Whr at 70% SOC


GCPs (Ground Control Points) prepared for the calibration will be used as true value


Determine the seasonal cycle of ice sheet changes


Off the side of AMS and plug it into the existing system


Provides university students and faculty with a unique platform on which they can conduct science and engineering experiments


Not representative from structure and contents viewpoint


Astronomical science mission dedicated to the detection and characterization of exoplanets


Detection and characterization of terrestrial exoplanets around bright solar-type stars


Input and reference switching networks, the mixer-IF preamplifiers, and the Gunn local oscillators


Directly interface with the launch box via braces


Statistical Comparisons and Scientific Issues


3-axis stabilized with zero momentum attitude control


Command & control of the complete instrument, image data processing


Single (HH/VV/HV), dual (HH + HV=VV + VH), quad (HH + HV + VV + VH), and compact polarimetry (Tx: oriented 45º or circular, Rx: H or V)


18.95 million km2 (7.32 million square miles)


Representative of the size of a large space debris


Connected to dedicated radiators through heat pipe networks


One OBC is redundant, two TMC are redundant


Through CVF (Charge to Voltage conversion Factor)


Store user data and refresh and scrub for error detection and correction


Abrupt power system failure in the Agena bus


Revealing what lies around the most buried supermassive black holes


Map hydrogen within craters and other permanently shadowed regions throughout the moon’s south pole


Redundancy measure for reaction wheel desaturation in two axes


Holds the temperature of the telescope detector constant


Performs position, time and velocity calculation based on a least square algorithm


Enough for extensive COLA manoeuvres and de-orbit services


Longer wavelength and enhanced penetration


Radiation dose, dose rate, surface dielectric charging, deep dielectric charging, and single event effects


Ephemeris and spacecraft attitude control was out of specification


Hunts for exoplanets and studies stellar oscillations


AFIT (Air Force Institute of Technology), located on Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio


First Indigenous Satellite Build Is Planned By Turkey—TÜRKSAT 6A


ESA’s OGS on Tenerife Island (Spain), DLR’s mobile OGS


Each fin moves independently for roll, pitch and yaw


Identify under what conditions reconnection is spatially extended versus continuous and under what conditions it is bursty versus temporally stable


Power, telemetry–telecommand (TM–TC; RF), sensors, heaters, thrusters, reaction wheels


Radiometers, digital data subsystem, mechanical scanning subsystem, and power subsystem


Blowdown monopropellant (hydrazine) with helium pressurant


Part B2 to be performed with illuminated perigee, while Parts A+B1 are to be performed with eclipse in perigee. Part B2 to be performed after Part A. Earth cannot be within the VBS FoV when it is used in non-cooperative mode


Monitors changes in glacier mass, extents, trace area and length of glacier changes through time and derive surface velocity


Spacecraft's status in telemetry as well as the state of the ground components


Distribution of High Energy Particle Products, Intensity of Magnetic Field, Effects of Spatial Environment


Precision distance measurements in space


Data processing, archiving, cataloging and user service functions


Chosen over CCD technology because of their power efficiency and performance


Immediate pass-through from Initial Mode


Occurs at one or more places along the dayside magnetopause


Unambiguous association of lightning with TLEs and TGFs, better understanding of the physical mechanisms behind them, variation in TLEs and TGFs


More than double Greenland's 2002-2019 yearly average


Looking for single-event upset errors in a known memory pattern in the memory of a test RAM


Toward the end of the third quarter — or early in the fourth quarter — of this year


Geomagnetic fluctuations associated with solar geophysical phenomena


Non-sun-synchronous near circular polar orbit


3 among 4 cold redundancies for the inertial attitude estimation purpose


Optics, detector, radiator, FDA (Front Door Assembly), FWA (Filter Wheel Assembly), SHM (Shutter Mechanism)


Elliptical GTO (Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit)


Sinus Iridum (Bay of Rainbows, 43°N 31°W)


333 kbit/s (normal), 2.7 Mbit/s (burst mode)


Increase understanding of the outcomes of relevant collisions among millimeter-sized particles, or “pebbles”, in a protoplanetary disk


SIS (Scanning Imaging Spectrometer), NPS (Nadir-looking Photometer System), Support module


2.5 m in Pan and 10 m in 4 multispectral (MS) bands


Manufacture its Crew Dragon spacecraft and Falcon 9 v.1.1 rocket, then launch, fly, land and recover the crew


Rick D. Husband, William C. McCool, Kalpana Chawla, David M. Brown, Michael P. Anderson, Laurel B. Clark, and Ilan Ramon


Soil moisture, crop health, groundwater, streamflow


Measure the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics


Height Measurement Down to about an inch


Spotlight mode, Five wider coverage stripmap modes, Two higher resolution ScanSAR modes for maritime surveillance, Extra wide swath 5 m resolution mode (Extra Fine)


Look for subtle distortions in spacetime caused by Earth's own mass


3 MTQs (Magnetic Torquer) and a MW (Momentum Wheel)


Required the GOES-R Program to re-plan the GOES-T schedule


Full-polarisation Full-polarisation for selected frequencies Full-polarisation


Double-deployed in cross-axis direction and two single deployed in axial direction


Bracknell (UK Meteorological Office), Rome (Italian Meteorological Service), Toulouse (France)


Combine measurements from several different sensors to obtain a better result


Measurement of surface deformation of vegetated terrain, soil moisture, land cover classification, crop type discrimination, Polar ice sheets and ice caps monitoring, sea-ice conditions monitoring, European maritime situational awareness


Detect the top of the canopy and the forest floor below


Improving the low-low SST measurement performance


Global (except in polar areas due to ISS orbit)


Study the physics of galactic X-ray source populations, like pre-main sequence stars, supernova remnants and X-ray binaries


1,000 km (terrestrial region), 4,000 km (ocean)


Control the satellites and achieve the objectives of its remote sensing missions


1 - 5 minutes over a regional domain and 15 minutes over the full-disk domain


Control of the air valve and the CGG system


Similar to Copernicus Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Monitoring, CO2M mission


Insufficient gain leading to induced vibration


Height of Earth’s surfaces in remarkable detail


Formation flying demonstration maneuvers and Sun corona observation


Temperature dropped by about 50%, from around 71,500 to 35,500 degrees Fahrenheit (40,000 to 20,000 º Celsius)


Collects less detail on individual outbursts


Caltech, Columbia University, DTU (Danish Technical University), LLNL (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory),NASA/GSFC (Goddard Space Flight Center), and UCB (University of California, Berkeley)


Oxygen A-band at 758nm - 778 nm, Carbon dioxide bands: 1594-1624 nm, 2042 nm-2082 nm


Protect the crew for re-entry velocities that are higher than any human spacecraft in history


1 µrad peak-to-peak for frequencies greater than 100 Hz


Monitor the changes in sample thickness as a result of atomic oxygen erosion


1024-element passive microstrip-based arrays antenna, linearly polarized


CCC (Command and Control Center), Network of S-band satellite tracking stations, TETX (Telemetry Earth Terminal X-band), Communication network, Mission Center, ICARE Data Processing and Management Center


Gary S. E. Lagerloef of ESR (Earth & Space Research), Seattle, WA; Raul F. Colomb of CONAE, Argentina; Sandra Torrusio


ACC 557th Weather Wing (WW), Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC)


Optimized for the near-infrared LED light


Activated just before leaving the platform


Three imagers for different spectral filters. A green band, a red band, and a near infrared band.


ESDIS (Earth Science Data and Information System) Project/GES DISC (Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center)


Sant Esteve de la Sarga, in the Pallars Jussà


1.8-m Main Reflector (MR), four separate feed horns, and calibration targets


GaAs cells and experimental porous Si cells


All 6 cameras of each group have exactly the same FoV


CEA (Commissariat Energie Atomique - or the Atomic Energy Commission of France) + Tohoku University and Riken University (Japan)


Localized measurements of particles and fields in geosynchronous orbit


More than 10,000 successful links to the European Union’s Copernicus Sentinels-1 and -2


Keeps the antenna pointed into the same location in the sky during periods when the beacon is suddenly lost


Rendezvous experiment and Realistic Collision Avoidance


Orientation of the satellite in the direction of the Sun, with a slow rotation around the X-axis for thermal reasons


Reach ±30º either being in along-track or in cross-track


North, South and Central America, the Caribbean and the Atlantic Ocean


70 days (data generation) of 105 operational days (1503 orbits)


On a circular deck in a tetrahedral configuration


Helping scientists figure out population changes of penguin species


Provide medium resolution satellite imagery as well as expertise to identify locust breeding areas


Langmuir probe, planar collector, plasma drift meter, scintillation meter


Allows satellites to dynamically transfer data


Active jettison motor, inert abort motor, inert attitude control system


Infrared sensors, inter-satellite links, on-board data processing enabled by artificial intelligence


University of Michigan (UMich), NASA/GSFC, NRL (Naval Research Laboratory)


Digital square-law processor module and the RFI-threshold detection circuitry


Correcting systematic errors in the measurements


Multi-purpose imagery (land), Vegetation, Albedo and reflectance, Ocean topography/currents, Sea ice cover, edge and thickness, Soil moisture, Snow cover, edge and depth, Ice sheet topography


Undergoing testing, validation and calibration


Proceedings of the IEEE. Vol 98, No. 5, May 2010. Pages 735-751


Direct vision prism, S-FPL53 and L-NBH54


Doubled compared with the Fengyun-4A satellite


Cache rock and regolith samples in its collection tubes


Simulated RMAP with e.g. control registers, HK data, memory mapped for simple access


Measure electron density and temperature in the upper atmosphere


Provide much tighter constraints on planet in-spiral


Under the lid of the FDA (Front Door Assembly)


Controls both H and V TR modules and the PCPU


Maintain continuity of laser-altimetry measurements between NASA’s ICESat missions


The white dwarfs eclipse each other as viewed from Earth


To characterize the GPS signal availability at selected altitudes up to GEO


Cartography, agricultural management, crop monitoring, disaster management


Observe and model the processes that relate salinity variations to climatic changes in the global cycling of water


Tracks the solar wind flow speed and autonomously adjusts the energy range


Radial (R-bar) or velocity (V-bar) burns


Globally metrological, hydrological and oceanographic data


Seventh-lowest in the 43-year satellite record


Standby mode, Solar calibration mode, Direct control mode


Fully automatic matching with acquired image data and image correction


Allow trapped air escape during the launch phase


Coordinating orders for maritime GoC users


Study the three-dimensional magnetic structures of the sun


Aluminium threaded rods, 6 mm in diameter


Advances in Space Research, Volume 65, Issue 10, 2020, Pages 2276-2289


Standalone or integrated GNC/FDIR test environments


Eclipse-based embedded software integrated development environment


House the OEM615 adjacent to a dedicated A3200 ADCS computer


Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite


Away from the solar panel and anti-parallel to the orbit normal vector


Functioned correctly throughout the mission


Four reaction wheels and three magnetorquers


Unseen threat that all spacecraft need to be protected from


Provide observation data to environmental administrations and drive international anti-global warming efforts


Atmel's high speed ADC (Analog Digital Converter) & demultiplexer and a Xilinx XQVR-600 FPGA-based BAQ and formatter


Visualize orientation and explain the mission easily


Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, SLC-40


Terrestrial exoplanets in the habitable zone of solar-type host stars


Range of stellar distances where a planet with an initial Earth-like atmosphere could experience a runaway greenhouse effect


Four gyros in a tetrahedron configuration


10º-170º with respect to the spin axis by 30º in azimuth


Flight tracks, origins and destinations, flight numbers, aircraft types, positions, altitudes, headings and speeds


Indicates the presence of a planet passing in front of it


Linked to the RCCs and other international MCCs through automatic telex and Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network (AFTN)


Laser Optical Module (LOM) and Laser Electronics Module (LEM)


Stellenbosch University – Electronic System Laboratory (ESL), South Africa


KHU (Kyung Hee University), Seoul, Korea


Woven using a newly developed version of a "Jacquard loom"


Pushbroom-type polarimetric microwave radiometer in L-band


FLS (Forward Link Service), RLS (Return Link Service)


Human spaceflight safety for pressurized payloads


Exciter (EX), Transmitter (TX), Receiver (RX), Digital Processor (DP), and System controller (SC)


The trajectory of the incoming particles and identifies the magnitude and polarity of the particles’ electrical charge


Near infrared (NIR, 0.87 µm) and shortwave infrared (SWIR, 1.60 µm)


Global observation of the Earth during daytime


Month-to-month variations in Earth's gravity field caused by the movement of mass as small as about a 1 cm of water over an area of about 320 km in diameter


Provide data continuity to be used for cartography, regional observation, disaster monitoring, and environmental monitoring


Sudden spike in temperature, followed by an unrecoverable loss of attitude control


GRADIO accelerometer models composing the three axis gravity gradiometer of the GOCE mission of ESA


Taking images of cities at night, mapping fishing activities, light pollution and fires


Global and regional cloud cover mapping, SST (Sea Surface Temperature), and LST (Land Surface Temperature)


<0.1ºC /hr for 90% of the orbit, and <2ºC/hr throughout the entire orbit


6 x 9 m parabolic cylinder mesh reflector


Coarse pointing control, two-stage fine pointing control


Monitors global atmospheric CO2 concentrations and is capable of measuring SIF


Chosen such that after picking up once more the Doppler shift (with the same sign) on the way back to S/C 1, the beat note between the light arriving back at S/C 1 and the local, stabilized, laser at S/C 1 is in the sensitive frequency range of the phasemeter (approximately 2 - 15 MHz)


Satellite Scatterometer Wind Vector Measurements


Achieve temperature calibration and straylight correction


541 version of the Atlas 5 with four solid-fuel boosters


Ready to proceed with full-scale fabrication, assembly, integration and test


Insufficient resolutions of the instruments


Coarse Sun Sensors (CSS), Fine Sun Sensors (FSS), Magnetometers (MAG), Fiber-optical Gyros (Gyro), Star Sensors (STS)


Developmental environmental control and life support system (ECLSS) unit returning for testing, teardown, and evaluation (TT&E) to determine the cause of failure and subsequent re-flight


Upgraded from the RADARSAT-1 infrastructure


RFM, DRFM (Digital Radio Frequency Memory)


Protect astronauts from protrusions and sharp edges during handling aboard the ISS


Composed of magnetic and non-magnetic films


Agriculture, Disaster Management and other ancillary applications related to oceanography, urban mapping, forest cover


Survey secular changes in landscape and ash fall, isolated islands for their upkeep


Octagonal plates of 150 mm side with an overall height of 250 mm


SES-14, a commercial communications satellite


UIS (User Interface Subsystem), ICPS (Image Collection Planning Subsystem), DIS (Direct Ingestion Subsystem), PMS (Product Management Subsystem)


Strategic Priority Research Program for Space Sciences


High resolution missions in Earth observation


Electric field antenna, magnetic field antenna, Ion probe


90% enclosed energy within 2.532.5 pixel 2  for 95% of nominal camera FoV


Fuel and propel the Orion spacecraft in space


Pinpointing the location of the radioactivity, creating maps


Instrument Control Module (ICM), Chirp and Timing Generator (CTG), Digitiser Modules (DGR), Power Conditioning Modules (PCM)


Measure ultraviolet radiation emitted and scattered by the Earth's atmosphere


Raw Signal Products (level-0), Geo-Tagged Products (level-1), Terrain-corrected Geocoded Products (level-2)


“Of Course I Still Love You” droneship in the Atlantic Ocean


Varies ever so slightly depending on the mass of Earth’s surface below


Appears to be about 1,000 times dimmer than the minimum threshold to be considered a ULX


Hundreds of thousands of times smaller than the Sun


Optimizes the interferometer contrast in the receive path as well as the transmit beam pointing


Data from the coarse sun sensors is used to help determine attitude of the spacecraft


To demonstrate the capabilities of a new type of infrared Earth sensor over a range of altitudes from LEO to GEO in a harsh radiation environment on a slow-spinning satellite


Crewed missions to the Moon, asteroids and Mars


Three cameras (CAM), Power Control and Distribution Unit (PCDU), Solar array Photovoltaic Assembly (PVA), Ka-band transmission unit, S-band transponder and star trackers


Surrey Space Centre at the University of Surrey


Automatic requests received from the MOC


Tropical coral reef mapping and coral bleaching detection


Improve storm hazard identification and increase warning lead-time


Digital conversion of the radar echoes, digital beamforming, SCan On Receive, decimation, data compression, packetization


Measurement of atomic oxygen (AO) by silver loss determination in different material specimens


Measure the same range fluctuations as the KBR instrument, but with less noise, and provide precise measurements of the relative pointing of the satellites to each other


Coronagraph fully operational, door open, and then with the entrance pupil in the umbra or low penumbra


On one of the shear webs and the exterior surface of the triangular bottom deck


Matrix CCD sensor (242 x 548 photoelements, the pixels are binned one by two, resulting in 242 x 274 sensitive areas)


ST-16 star tracker, three reaction wheels, Smart Solar Panels


FEC-encoding, interleaving and improved CRC


Passive control via permanent magnet and hysteresis dumper


NASA's High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center


Data relay communication and very fast X-band direct downlink


Ocean colour and sea surface temperature


Morehead State University in Morehead, Kentucky


Map the seafloor underneath the ice shelves


More than 20 terabytes of southern sky data


Formed from a variety of different state rescue services, depending on the responding nation


Russian Federal Space Agency (Roskosmos) and Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of Russia (Roshydromet)


Available for the general user community


Observe clouds and aerosols in the A-train


Ensure that the main transmissions in S-band are always directed towards the Earth


Earth imaging payload with panchromatic and multispectral cameras


Autonomous, but in the most desirable scenario it is being controlled interactively via ground commands


CATR (Compact Antenna Test Range) at Airbus in Ottobrunn Germany


Kestrel Corporation of Albuquerque, NM, and the Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL


Stows the MR and deploys it to the on-orbit configuration


Multi-purpose imagery (ocean), Multi-purpose imagery (land), Vegetation, Albedo and reflectance, Landscape topography, Ocean topography/currents, Sea ice cover, edge and thickness, Soil moisture, Snow cover, edge and depth, Ocean surface winds, Atmospheric Winds, Ocean wave height and spectrum, Ice sheet topography


Three CubeSats via the NanoRacks External Cygnus Deployer at two different altitudes and two CubeSats from the Slingshot CubeSat Deployer System


Sends pulses of laser light toward Earth and precisely times each photon’s round-trip journey as it bounces off a surface and returns to the sensor


Detects cloud-free areas and repoints scanner in real time


Cameras made of telescopes, their focal planes, all related electronics and the on-board DPS (Data Processing System)


Employed on the future NPOESS (National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System) missions


Holds between three and 16 times Earth’s mass


Distance particles in jets travel before they "turn on"


Characterize the radiation dose received by the spacecraft


Deployable parabolic cylinder mesh reflector


3 month - 1,000 km mesh (terrestrial region), 1 month - 500 km mesh (terrestrial region), 2,000 km mesh (ocean)


Independent of the filter-wheel position


Surveys severe thunderstorms in Earth’s atmosphere and upper-atmospheric lightning


Demonstrate a high-precision formation flight in space


HSB Magnetometer and IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit)


MMS (Multimission Modular Satellite), Fairchild RF communication


Operates smaller specialized tools to prepare for the fluid transfer


PS-3, PS-5 and PS-7 on and PS-1 on/off by command


Excel spreadsheet with CM data and value-added analysis results including PoC and delta-V tradespace


1:1 over 10 minute average, > 20:1 over 10 minute average


Produced severe geometric layover distortions on terrain images of high-relief regions


Safe, Reliable Human Transport to Deep Space


NASDA, the National Space Development Agency of Japan


The misalignment due to these displacements is corrected by central on-ground image processing before the images are distributed to users


Radiation upwelling from the Earth at specific wavelengths


Stepper motor / gear box with reduced backlash


Fresh ice is totally flat to within a couple centimeters


Monitor the solar wind and to collect particles of the solar wind by ion implantation into the collector materials for a duration of two years, and to return these samples for isotopic and chemical analysis in terrestrial laboratories


Accurate corrections were provided for both instruments


Accepts and handles acquisition request and send them to Mission Planning System as data acquisition requests


Relay data between satellites in low orbit and Earth via satellites in geostationary orbit


Better than 0.5 K at 400 K in the MWIR range and better than 0.4 K at 300 K in the TIR range


~ 6 hours after the data reception on August 31, 2011


Launch vibration and on-orbit thermal extremes


Identifies exoplanets by their gravitational tug on their host stars


30-second Mesoscale, 5-minute CONUS, 10-minute Full Disk


S-band TT&C (Telemetry, Tracking and Command) transceivers and X-band data downlink transmitters


Environmental monitoring, natural resource management, and coastal surveillance


Configuration 2a, Configuration 2b, Configuration 2c


High-rate communication link between the payload and the HUB station


Allow one satellite to lock onto the other


Carrying crew to space, providing emergency launch abort capabilities, sustaining the crew during space travel, and providing reentry from deep space return velocities


1 spacecraft cluster at each orbital slot


Modified version of the off-the-shelf P-733.2CD


Gas jet is turned on in addition to the ion engines to withstand the drag


Radiation-detection payloads from CERN, the European Council for Nuclear Research, Slovenian firm SkyLabs and ESA


Alternative magnetic field in the low and medium frequency ranges


Release and capture several space debris targets


Well described by a single power law B/C= kRd with d = -0.333±0.015


0.55 km during daytime and 3.7 km at night


Electrical requirements, interfaces, physical size, location feasibility, look angle, FOV requirements, thermal requirements, mechanical loads, transmissibility factors, physical parameters, balancing, ease of assembly/dis-assembly, accessibility


Measuring changes in Earth's gravity field, tracking water movement and surface mass changes


Provide high-accuracy altimetry for making long-sought repeat estimates of sea ice freeboard and hence sea ice thickness change


Live stream of weather and other critical information


Almost the whole range of X-ray wavelengths


Solar cell voltage & current, Battery voltage & current, Temperature (panel inside x 6, radio, battery x 3), Angular velocity


NASA TROPICS , NOAA EON-MW CubeSat missions


DS-BAQ, the original BAQ, and direct output without data compression


Protect space assets from space debris and minimize collision risk


International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship


Greater than those carried by Ulysses in the 1990s


OSR (Optical Solar Reflector), MLI (Multilayer Insulation), paints, thermal control tapes, quartz wool blanket, sink plates and heat pipes


Samples the analog IF signals and performs the IF signal processing


Prism incidence angle to ~0.5 arc-second rotational resolution


ICAE (International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity) 2003, Versailles, France, June 9-13, 2003


Eastern China, eastern United States, Europe


Shihlin Electric & Engineering Corporation


Provides precise Satellite to Satellite Tracking (SST) in low-low orbit


Measured the “wobble” of the star, caused by the gravitational tugs from orbiting planets (radial velocity)


Products that support host satellite anomaly resolution, and state of health trending and analysis


High energy efficiency, long life, small size, design flexibility


Groundwater data for the initial conditions


Two large visible near-infrared and shortwave infrared focal planes


Orbit and attitude control, manoeuvre calculations, operational payload configuration, real-time monitoring of the satellite health


Hierarchically structured and can easily be adapted to specific mission needs


20 cm/year in speed and 5 degrees in annual flow direction


Large-scale, tongue-like feature protruding from the coast into the ocean


Accelerometers, microwave ranging instruments


Demonstrate high accuracy time standard synchronisation over large distances


In first approximation, the same for all the floors in the rest of directions


Nitric Oxide in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere


Vapour and precipitation - Help for determination of land surface emissivity


After the Big Bang, identical amounts of matter and antimatter were created


Accurate monitoring of Transient Luminous Event in the upper atmosphere


Applied to the detector image to simulate a circularly symmetric FOV


Record the precise time of their observations by the use of stopwatches synchronized with international time signals


Land safely on Earth to be refueled and fly again


NASA/JSC (Johnson Space Center), Houston, TX, with the support of Lockheed Martin Space Operations (LMSO)


Probe phenomenon by performing satnav fixes in the midst of the ionosphere


To demonstrate on-orbit autonomous monitoring of the S/C environment and to provide “alerts” when satellite charging, SEUs or other radiation events are likely


Role of clouds and aerosols in climate mechanisms


Perfect testbed for those that are new to space and to those that have a long history in orbit


Positron fraction falls beyond its maximum, antiproton to proton ratio


MEI (Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd.)


NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama


Richard W. Eastes of UCF (University of Central Florida)


Measure the vibration of the SPAS structure


Answer fundamental questions in plasma physics and space weather


Gradually as water enters and leaves the reservoirs


Increases payload flexibility and will provide customized bandwidth solutions to SES’s customers


Minimize the transfer of OBA deformations to the coronagraph structure


Lower orbit (3.9 km below the orbit of the A-train)


JPL for NASA's Science Mission Directorate


25º (3 dB broad beam) =0.42º (3 dB narrow beam)


ADS-B tracking signals, telecom satellite signals, X-band signals


Power generation and power storage for microelectronic applications


Measure the current and voltage characteristics of the solar cells under varies aspect angles to the sun to generate voltage-current (IV) curve traces twice per orbit


Attractive for a number of observation services


Linear pulse tube cold head that is integral to the compressor assembly and a coaxial remote pulse tube cold head


3-axis stabilized using bias momentum method in the pitch axis


Investigating the mysteries of black holes, supernovae, and other high-energy objects in space


Between 21:00 and 4:18 (UTC), and between 9:00 and 16:18 (UTC)


Measures the total radiation dose encountered by SREM itself and at different remote locations onboard the satellite, by using RADFETS


Collect data on sea-surface winds, sea-surface temperatures, wave heights, ocean topography, internal waves, atmospheric water, and sea ice properties


Provides Precise Orbit Determination (POD), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Radio Occultation, neutral atmosphere, ionosphere and scintillation and GNSS reflections


Release charges and prevent concentration of electric field


Provide pitch and roll references viewing the Earth's horizon and pitch and roll fine control


Set and lock the orientation of the NightPod axes


Power, telemetry, attitude control, command and control


Low distance difference of the appropriate time zone


NASA and the German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ)


More than 10 high-resolution imaging spacecraft


Temperature cycling, vibration, thermal vacuum


Identify anomalies in the instrument data


Extends a 40-year measurement of the Sun's total energy to Earth


Slightly higher than planned (405 km, versus the 400 km used for the simulations


6 rotations/day, 1 degree advance per day


Provide wide area images along with a few sets of neighboring snap shot images


Orbital Analysis, Flight Software, Structures and Mechanisms, Thermal & Radiation Design & Analysis


Lockheed Martin Corporation’s Littleton, Colorado, facility


Deeper into the region around the black hole


Better thermal stability, Improvement of thermal characterization, On-ground characterization of differential bias and scale factor


Formed as their gravity pulls matter inward


4 3U double sided solar panels and 1 additional 2U solar panel


Temperature obtained on disk from rotational shape of N2 LBH (Lyman-Birge-Hopfield) bands, O/N2 composition measured using ratio of 135.6 doublet to LBH bands, Temperature on limb determined by slope of emission altitude profile, O+ at night observed using 135.6 recombination emission, O2 profile on limb from stellar occultations


Three momentum wheels for control and three axis magnetic torque rods or coils for desaturation of wheels


AMS Experiment, AMS Payload Integration Hardware (PIH)


SPS (Shadow Position Sensor), FDA (Front Door Assembly), entrance objective, IO (Internal Occulter) with field stop


Third time since the original ICESat mission began measuring elevation changes on the ice sheet’s surface in 2003


Coordinated planning of the mission subsystems, automated and recurrent planning of the satellite observations, systematic acquisition and safeguarding of all spacecraft acquired data, recurrent calibration of the instrument, automated product circulation across PDGS distributed archives, long-term archiving of all mission data


Support a common set of message exchanges for both intra-and inter-element communication


Collect low-light imaging data of the Earth during the nighttime period


University of Leiden, the University of Oldenburg in Germany and the ITC Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente


Continuously providing optical observations of land and coastlines


Occurs if arcs do not occur on the high-voltage array


NOAA POES, DoD DMSP, NASA’s long-term continuous climate record collection


Considerable increase for nanosatellites


Look for previously unknown supernova remnants


Bus power distributors using a capacitor bank


Collect, store and sort the data from LUTs and other MCCs; provide data exchange within the Cospas-Sarsat System; and distribute alert and location data to associated RCC (Rescue Co-ordination Centers) or to SPOCs (SAR Points Of Contacts)


Successful delivery of GPS navigation fixes and raw measurements


3-axis stabilization (zero momentum control)


Digital Surface Model (DSM), Digital Terrain Model (DTM), and 3D Vectors


Harpoon mounted at the top and the deployable boom at the bottom


Actionable refinement of ephemeris pathfinder


Connecting satellite components and payload and for transmitting power, commands, and signals


Current proportional to the absolute temperature


Can arise due to differences in component temperatures between wings, among other factors


DLR, the German Space Agency, and DreamUp


Parabolic, Aperture Diameter = 2 m, Conical Scan


1.25 arcseconds for LAGEOS-1, 1.5 arcseconds for LARES-1


Ocean surface vector winds (OSVWs), tropical cyclone intensity (TCI) and LEO energetic charged particles


Disaster response, event preparation, defense


Have been known to release great bursts of gamma rays


Study of transient event energetic mechanisms that generate transient luminous emissions and gamma ray flashes in the terrestrial atmosphere above the thunderstorm areas


Supermassive black hole at the galaxy’s center creates the bursts as it partially consumes an orbiting giant star


Snow water equivalence - Soil surface parameters


Thomson & Nielsen Electronics Ltd, Canada


Equivalent at high energies, 10% difference at low energies


Future precise attitude control of a nanosatellite


Measure the space environment surrounding the S/C


Look for ice deposits and identify locations where resources may be extracted from the lunar surface


Brighter in high-energy X-rays than anything else in the galaxy


User data will be transmitted from LEO user satellites to either of the EDRS payloads (i.e., EDRS-A, EDRS-C) and relayed to the DGS and/or FLGS/B-FLGS on the ground


Use GPS receivers to measure the latitude, longitude and altitude of their observing sites


Detect plasma densities and particle fluxes of 10 MeV energy range near the Earth


Print out the images and analyzed data for the onsite information sharing


Developed by NASDA, flown on NASA's Aqua mission


Detection of volcanic cloud with sulfuric acid aerosols, thin cirrus, determination of cloud microphysical properties


Commercial ground communications companies


Principal plane nadir, Sun-glint pointing, Forward nadir, Backward nadir, Target pointing, Area steering, Direct solar pointing, Diffusion solar pointing, Moon pointing, Solar panel pointing, Attitude slew


Selected wavelength bands at low and high altitudes


Kvaerner-led Joint Venture, the Anglo-Japanese-Turkish Consortium


15 channels (three channels for each polarized band)


Technology demonstration and astronomy mission


Improve the atmospheric correction accuracy of high turbid water in the near shore


Visible radiation (airglow and terrestrial albedo)


NASA’s Ames Research Center in Silicon Valley, California


Restricted coverage of 20° to 30° incidence angle


Measure mass changes in the thick ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica


Observe Earth to detect smoke and fires, as well as measure crop transevaporation


Provides in-space power, propulsion capability, attitude control, thermal control, water and air for the astronauts


Five-year, sole source blanket purchase agreement


Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP), Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS)-1, and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) sensor


MBIE (Ministry of Business Innovation & Employment)


Disk interaction, Gravity of other planets


Cloud type, amount and cloud top temperature, Atmospheric Temperature Fields, Cloud particle properties and profile, Aerosols


4 K with a scene at 185 K, 1 K with a scene at 300 K


22,000 miles (35,786 km) above the Earth


Generate anomaly trouble tickets and support the prioritization, tracking, and resolution of anomalies


Help zero in on exoplanet clouds and hazes


Generates all the clocks necessary for driving the 4 CCDs and drives the DACs responsible for providing the bias voltages


Diffraction by the EO (External Occulter) edge of the direct Sun light


Provide the communications link for engineering and payload data


View the cusp from different perspectives


400 x 400 x 250 mm folded 400 x 400 x 1000 mm unfolded


Future spacewalks to prepare the station for the installation of the new international docking adapters


Allows configurations, calibrations, and more to be modified easily without a lengthy software upload


Front tube of the COB, Equipment Box of the COB


Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit about 50 million km from Earth


3 years for Aquarius and 5 years for the SAC-D instruments


Significant ground processed orbit determination accuracy improvement


Camera, telecentric lens, fiber-coupled laser-diode bar, corner cube


Day-to-day end-to-end system operations and maintenance of the satellite and ground segment


Planet Labs Inc. (formerly Cosmogia Inc.), San Francisco, CA, USA


For flow-through error correction in case of a radiation upset on the memory


Provide images of visual reflection and thermal infrared emission from oceanic, coastal, and atmospheric features


Explore the relation between diffusion of the surface magnetic fields and changes in heating and structure throughout the transition region and corona


3 years plus 2 years for an extended mission


NASA's Space Technology Mission Directorate


CI (Coronagraph Instrument), OD (Occulter Disk), metrological sensors


Ocean surface evaporation, snow, ice and soil moisture


University of Maribor in Slovenia with SkyLabs


Normal to the local magnetic field line when spacecraft is within ±20º of equatorial


Unmodulated carrier for 5 seconds, 250-bit preamble, 15-bit synchronization word, DCP address, Data field, 31-bit End of Transmission (EOT) sequence


Fine and coarse sun sensors, magnetometers, rate gyro


Investigate why and how much of the frozen parts of our world are changing as a result of climate change


Identify Cities in Images Encompassing a Circle 310 Miles Around


Probe the features of the lunar soil and the space environment near the moon


Improved understanding of ionospheric and magnetospheric current systems


6 times at ≤50cm, 10 times at ≤1m, 14 times at <≤1.3m


Providing open access to night time images for use by the media, public, and scientists


One digital sun sensor, six coarse sun sensors, one three-axis magnetometer, three two-axis inertial gyros, TRACE instrument, three magnetic-torquer coils, four reaction wheels


Dependent upon wavelength and required image quality


Timed interval views of the space for reference (approximately every 120 s)


Make measurements of the Earth's space environment in soft X-rays


Education and hands-on experience of students and faculty in the field of aerospace engineering


Source radiance and its duration, the characteristics of the optics and the filter and the distance from the source to the satellite


Six (two per axis) MTMs (Mass Trim Mechanisms)


Forest canopy fluxes of carbon dioxide and other key environmental variables


The IPU, SPU, KBR and ACC are internally redundant, and the ultra-stable oscillator (USO) is redundant


High-resolution optical imagery for applications in environmental, oceanographic and agricultural monitoring


Proven, agile spacecraft with 50 years of on-orbit operations for affordable remote sensing applications


Near the forward end on the tubular supports


1) Diffraction by the external occulter based on the Fresnel-Kirchhoff theory at the pupil and the primary objective level. 2) Propagation of the diffracted light in the instrument with ASAP


Perception of the elements in the environment


"Accretion columns" model where the infalling gas is guided by the pulsar's strong magnetic field so that it lands on the magnetic poles


Capacitive trans-impedance amplifiers, 8:1 multiplexer, output buffer


Current source to bias the pnCCD JFET, JFET preamplifier for pnCCD signal amplification, Programmable RC low pass for bandwidth limitation, Eight-fold correlated double sampling filter, Sample and hold stage, 128 to 1 multiplexer, Output buffer, On-chip digital sequencer (16 x 64 bit), Serial programming interface with LVDS, Option of integrated bias current DACs (digital analog converters)


Hot spot events, sea surface temperature measurements Monitoring of hot spots caused by biomass fires and volcanic eruptions, estimation of fire radiative power Measurements of sea surface temperature


Determine the SARR coefficients of ACRIM-III on ACRIMSAT and to verify the VIRGO coefficients on SOHO


Magnetic torque rods and cold gas thrusters


One panchromatic and three multi-spectral channels


Homodyne BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying)


Be a backup system for International Space Station cargo and crew delivery


Present when linear polarisation is used in an uncoated retroreflector


Orbit Earth and measure changes in mass below


Near the top and the bottom of the outer aluminum enclosure


Monthly changes in the distribution of mass within and among Earth's atmosphere, oceans, land and ice sheets, as well as within the solid Earth itself


Analyse Alaska, Canada and Greenland as well as eventually Russia


Fault tolerant power system, attitude determination & control algorithms, fine sun sensor, solar panel


U.S. Navy divers in several rigid hull and Zodiac boats


Relay lens(es), FPA and its radiator, filter wheel and the Lyot stop assemblies, shutter mechanisms, venting systems


MIT's Physics Department, Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, the SAO (Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory), and the NASA Ames Research Center


Enabled more accurate aerosol modeling and forecasting


Support operational applications such as air quality and special event monitoring


Oxford (UK), Santiago (Chile), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), Fucino (Italy), Kiruna (Sweden)


Measure temperature and humidity profiles


Build and test designs for shields to minimize radiation exposure and damaging human health effects inside NASA's new Orion spacecraft


Define the relative position of the chaser


Fire and sea surface temperature measurement


Electrons are emitted from the conductor surface


Constant from 20 GeV to 450 GeV kinetic energy


Driving the HVs of the photomultipliers, Driving the power supply of the calibration sources, Providing the necessary power lines (+5V, ±12 V) and switching them on and off, Acquiring (including data quantization) signals from the sensor


Position measurements by the laser tracker


Aircraft tracking in remote areas where radar is unavailable


Acoustic waves propagating through the satellite structure


Distributes low power transmit signal pulses to each T/R module


Configuration 2a: 532 and 1064 nm narrow line width laser pulses, Configuration 2b: 355 nm laser pulses, Configuration 2c: Backup for laser 1


Regenerative repeater mode and bent-pipe repeater mode


Quantify the polar ice sheet mass balance


Confirm hypothesis of higher-energy X-rays from Jupiter


Crowdsourced information gathering by volunteers with ADS-B receivers


Depth-graded multilayer coated grazing incidence optics


ESA-tailored ECSS (European Cooperation for Space Standards) engineering standards and product/quality assurance requirements


Mission control, global telemetry, tracking, and control (TT&C) network, and the remote experiment sites


Improve scientists’ confidence in the orbital period and size of TOI 700 c by 30% and 36%


Measure the solar and galactic protons found in the Earth's magnetosphere


Monitor the meteorological, oceanographic and solar-geophysical environment of the Earth in support of DoD operations


Advanced altimeter satellite for ocean circulation


Receive data from nationally associated LUTs and international MCCs, match signals originating from the same signal source, merge beacon signals from identical sources, geographically sort data and transmit data and alerts to relevant RCCs


Determines where the center of the beam on the lateral detector is


European meteorological program in GEO (Geostationary Orbit)


Reconfigurable core in a high density, space qualified reconfigurable FPGA


Continuous when they detect some requests or when they need to transmit their data


The crystal optical slab within the pre-amplifier assembly fractured towards the center at a point where thermal stress is low


Investigate the use of microwave radiometers and to measure both wind speed and direction over the ocean


On the thermally controlled sensor plate on the MSI


Lowest altitude by an Earth observation satellite in orbit


Relaying in excess of 500 TB of the Earth observers’ findings


Measure the primordial form of oxygen in the solar wind


Survey level X-ray and microdosimeter measurements


One order of magnitude lower than the adopted goal


Studied cement solidification in microgravity


APAA health confirmation mode, fixed beam direction mode


Laser-pulse echo-recovery measurements of terrestrial surfaces


Data acquisition and treatment, temperature control


Very similar to the SuperSTAR instrument operating for the last 10 years on board the twin GRACE-1 satellites


Two staggered CMT arrays, each of size 2 x 512 elements


2015 until 2021, with an option for extension until 2028


Motherboard-daughterboard configuration using a single 80C32 microcontroller, a Xilinx XQVR-600 FPGA, a Mil-STD-1553B based control processor and 3 I/O modules along with its power supply


PARASOL (POLDER) complements CALIPSO (Lidar) and NASA's Aqua and Aura (MODIS, CERES) missions


Examine the response of the upper atmosphere to forcing from the Sun, the magnetosphere and the lower atmosphere


20 fixed energy channels between 30 eV and 30 keV


Interface to the H/W, Real-time operating system and driver software, I/Fs to both the RTOS and the driver S/W


Sends location data through GOES to the SAR network


Teófilo Tabanera Space Center in the Province of Córdoba (Argentina)


Four out of five bands may be downlinked simultaneously


Detailed elevation measurements over tropical and temperate latitudes


U.S. Department of Agriculture, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the University of Nebraska–Lincoln


All the modules have redundancy except the optical part and the FPA


Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) artifacts


RF communications TM: 4.5 W RF, 40 kbit/s TM at 387.1 MHz; TC at 400 MHz. S-band TM-TC at 2.043 & 2.223 GHz 40-175 kbit/s


Provide clock pulses and biases for the operation of the detector array


Provide unprecedented imaging of the Earth’s upper atmosphere


Cluster of four wheels in hot redundancy


Use of depth-of-interaction measurement to reject interactions in the back of the detector


Total Ionization Doze (TID), Single Event Upsets (SEUs), Single Event Latchups (SELs), HEH fluence


0.5 km resolution, 1 km resolution, 2 km resolution


Standard IP protocols and HDLC data framing


Reduces the requirement of the number of beams by half


On delivery of filament feedstock from cargo resupply missions


2.69 million km2 (1.04 million square miles)


More than 93 percent of the land area in Utah, Colorado, Nevada, and New Mexico


24 to 36 months from satellite contract to launch


Mounting fixture of three separate cameras


Magnetic field (scalar), Magnetic field (vector)


EP (Experiment Package) including the viscometer/sample cell, and precision temperature control elements


Momentum-biased 3-axis stabilized spacecraft


Did not see its typical rate of refreezing in 2020


Computes the S/C attitude reference based on the sun direction and relative position inputs


Take pictures of adjacent areas on the surface


Practice hitting an onboard target with a harpoon, jettison a small piggyback satellite and then try to bag it up with a net


Determine integrated ionospheric densities near the satellite orbit plane


Collaborative effort between NOAA and NASA


Nadir (left) and in right-side looking direction


Acquire zonal imagery - a continuous image with a maximum length of 850 km and a width of 10 km


Atmosphere, Cloud type, amount and cloud top temperature, Radiation budget


Lagrangian point L2 of the Sun-Earth system


Minimum Class 2 EEE parts, with compatibility to Class 1 in most cases


Multi-anode photon multiplier tube(MaPMT), a camera, and a real-time image processing engine


Active/passive thermal control mechanism


Time synchronization problem between the stations is effectively solved by using the same source of time and frequency; The transmission media errors included troposphere, ionosphere and solar plasma are approximately the same between the two tracking stations


Yielding the 3rd and 4th Stokes parameters essential to OSVW retrievals


Special feed-forward “learning” architecture


High-agility point collects for monitoring targets and large-area collects for mapping missions


GTS (Global Telecommunication System of WMO)


155 Mbit/s for residential use and 1.2 Gbit/s for office use


Provided to crews on long-term spaceflights where immediate ground support is not an option


Receive data from national LUTs and foreign MCCs, Attempt to match signals coming from the same beacon source, Merge beacon signals from the same source to improve location accuracy, Geographically sort data to determine appropriate recipient of alert message, Transmit alert messages to search and rescue authorities


Provide an ultra-quiet environment for sensitive optical sensors, laser transmitters, and other detection and measurement devices


Gravitational pull exerted by massive bodies such as ice sheets


Mitigate DoD Space-Based Environmental Monitoring gaps


E1/E5 active antenna array with calibration network


3.5 by 3.5 centimeters, with a thickness of just a few millimeters


Temperature-controlled vacuum chamber at Goddard


Geophysical parameters of the land, ocean and atmosphere


Submeter accuracy for the vertical component


Absolute and relative radiometric calibrations


Low-mass, compact micro non-planar ring oscillator (m- NPRO) laser


Detect N2 1st positive emission from sprites


Near 21,000 in the A-band, near 12,000 in the CO2 bands


Mount the metrology equipment of both the CSC (Coronagraph Spacecraft) and of the OSC (Occulter Spacecraft)


IR yes (10 bit), VIS no (pre-launch, drifts)


Conditioning raw 28 V spacecraft power to conditioned supply voltages for ECS components


NASA Earth Observatory, image by Joshua Stevens, using ICESat-2 data from the National Snow & Ice Center, topographic data from SRTM, and Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey


Detecting infrared energy as minute changes of the IR absorber temperature when infrared radiation id detected


Cosmonaut remote-control docking of Russian spacecraft


Geostationary orbit at a longitude of 75° West


EPS (Electrical Power Subsystem, C&DH (Command and Data Handling), communications, and an attitude determination and control subsystem


Millions to billions times the mass of our sun


Geohazards monitoring, land use monitoring, soil moisture monitoring, Arctic and cryosphere monitoring, maritime surveillance


Transmit data via laser to satellites in geostationary orbit


Structure and mechanism, thermal control, attitude and orbit control, power supply, TT&C, antenna, housekeeping and electrical subsystems


Begins near the star's bright poles and then blocks less and less light as it travels over the star's dimmer equator


25MHz LVDS, 100 MHz SpaceWire, Real-time LVDS


Snapshot mode (10 km x 10 km), StripMap mode, Skew mode


To record the space radiation environment absorbed dose behind various thin shields and to estimate the dose due to low energy electrons


Cloudy tropical location like the Tonga archipelago


Handle and bio-seal the OS, provide the Earth Entry Vehicle (EEV)


cPCI computer system, and a COTS-based DSP (Digital Signal Processor)


Magnetometers, magnetorquers, reaction wheels, gyros, on-board computers, GPS receiver, X50 avionics stack, and batteries


Cooperative far-range hop from WP0 to WP1, Cooperative far-range hop from WP1 to WP2


Measuring small dips in stellar brightness caused when a planet crosses in front of, or transits, its star


Performs the geometric correction of the image data according to the processing planning from Order Handling and Distribution System and the stores the data into Mission Data Archiving System


Completeness checks for constituting blocks and DCP address recognition, Storing of DCP messages and processing information onto a database, Monitoring of reporting DCPs with respect to a predefined schedule (check of transmission chain), A log of received and processed messages, including anomalies, Processing of DCP data and bulletin preparation for distribution, Archiving of DCP data, Retrieval for DCP users, Generation/storage of performance analysis


Mounted to the large face of the detector


Foreign object debris blocking the flow of the coolant


To characterize and to flight test a novel zinc-oxide sensitive renewable atomic oxygen flux sensor based on semiconducting thin films


One-hour average dawn-to-dusk imaging revisits


Mixes light output from the cavity with the input light from the laser


French National Centre for Space Studies (CNES)


f/0.73, 50 mm focal length, 68 mm diameter


Shields the cryogenic radiator from the warm Earth and all direct sun


Ground-based real time image navigation process


GaAs/InGaP/Ge multi-junction solar cells


Responsible for the spacecraft or payload on 3 of the 6 new generation Copernicus Environment and Earth observation missions: LSTM, CRISTAL and ROSE-L


Investigating how best to safeguard the health of America's future astronauts


Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On


Card-frame with backplane interconnections


Gather data on the radiation environment in medium Earth orbit


Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse Gases


Telescope, FPA (Focal Plane Assembly), SPM (Signal Processing Module)


Precisely measure the height of ice and track how it changes over time


Integrated interfaces and instrument control/monitoring functions


Picked up the first such multimessenger observation just seconds after LIGO detected a merger of two neutron stars through gravitational waves


Vertical profiles from the natural airglow radiation from atoms, molecules and ions in the upper atmosphere and ionosphere


Four vertical struts and four lateral panels made of alloy honeycomb


Impact on the bit rate, consumption, and implementation complexity


Fully representative of the operational GALILEO system


Transiting Super-Earth in the pi Mensae System


Sequentially observe the same scene from the same spatial point


Use of 9 ISIPODs of ISIS, 3 XPODs of UTIAS/SFL, 2 PEPPODs of GAUSS, and 1 MRFOD of MSU


Morehead State University, NASA/GSFC, Busek Company


10º - 40º below of spacecraft horizon (y-direction)


Wildfires, volcanoes, heat island phenomena


Consists primarily of events, not images


Performs refractive radio occultation measurements of the Earth's atmosphere and monitors the auroral activity


Immune to damage or misalignment during launch and on-orbit operations


Gap between two of Earth’s vast radiation belts


Detect the greenhouse gas constituents in the near-infrared spectrum using earthshine spectra


Sun pointing attitude and Sun-aligned configuration


Geostationary relay satellite of the SpaceDataHighway


Mission control, mission planning, ground station, mission data processing and GIS


Rapidly made public through NASA’s Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST)


Recycles waste plastic materials into high-quality 3D-printer filament


Provide real-time voice/data/fax connectivity


Mechanical shutter, under form of a blade


Measure melting ice sheets and investigate how this effects sea level rise, investigate changes in the mass of ice sheets and glaciers, estimate and study sea ice thickness, and measure the height of vegetation in forests and other ecosystems worldwide


Investigate the interaction between different materials and the atmospheric flow regime in very low Earth orbits (VLEO)


Rain rates, surface wind speeds, water vapor and cloud liquid water, over the oceans


ESA (European Space Agency) Sentinel-1 satellite


ISTOP (Integrated Satellite Tracking of Pollution)


Scanning the ground targets with the instrument boresight within 5º of the principal plane


In-situ data from Data Collection Platforms (DCPs) in the ground segment with location capability


Gather operational data of the Earth horizon positions


Measure changes in optical transmission, thermal absorption and emission


RV technology, in particular with non-cooperative targets, with two satellites, in a highly elliptical orbit, using optical Navigation


Linear InGaAs photodiode array with 256 high-quantum efficiency pixels


Various mission computers and associated mission software and communication links


Can be performed automatically or manually


Use of a net, a harpoon, VBN (Vision-Based Navigation) and a dragsail


Ion generator, ion acceleration system, neutralizer, power sources, controller


Global warming, ecosystem restoration, oceans, and human health


HRS (High Resolution Spotlight), FRS-1 (Fine Resolution Stripmap-1), FRS-2 (Fine Resolution Stripmap-2), MRS (Medium Resolution ScanSAR), CRS (Coarse Resolution ScanSAR)


Inserting the ISS orbit attitude information in terms of yaw pitch and roll in the NightPod computer


Verify the safe centering of the entrance pupil of the coronagraph into the shadow cone of the occulting disc


Multiple missions to the Red Planet to collect samples, launch them into space and return them safely to Earth


Monitors solar flares and helps predict solar proton events


Mitigate strong pulsed interference from the Aquarius instrument


HH Single Bay Pallet (SBP) on top of the HH MPESS


Integrate separate meteorological programs into a single program


CAST (Chinese Academy of Space Technology)


May be a key determinant of future reef state


Core of the laser interferometry measurement system


Monitor and control ground station operations


Ocean topographic mapping, measurements of sea surfaces, development of climate models


Intensive, highly automated, intermittent TT&C pass operations


Mapping of the central regions of our Milky Way galaxy, studying the remnants of exploded stars in our galaxy, and surveys of several well-studied extragalactic fields


Half the size of an Olympic swimming pool


7th European Conference on Space Debris, ESA/ESOC, Darmstadt/Germany, 18 - 21 April 2017


500 km on either side of the ground track


Controls the absolute attitude of the spacecraft and estimates its absolute position


Test the use of CubeSats for astronomy research


Measure the mass loss of glaciers and ice sheets


80% the size of Earth to comparable to or exceeding the sizes of Jupiter and Saturn


Communication link sessions are planned and coordinated between the EDRS MOC and the user’s MOC, making use of the visibility windows available between EDRS and the user satellites


Negative of the final reflective surface of the mirror


Partial C++ implementation, C++ code for instantiating the components and connecting the ports, interface dictionaries for use by the ground data system


Active Antenna Panels, Transmit Receive Modules (TRMs), Radio Frequency Distribution Network (RFDN), Mechanisms


Receives L1 C/A, L1 P(Y) and L2 P(Y) signals from GPS satellites


Strongly controls the mass density of the thermosphere


Monitor water resources, agriculture, urban growth, and land use, with a large focus on the preservation of the Amazon rainforest


Study of the absorption and emission of light


Spacecraft control and monitor data handling services based on and compatible with commercial Internet protocols


Focusing high-energy X-rays into sharp pictures


SARR (Search and Rescue Relay) payloads, SARP (Search and Rescue Processing) payloads


Acquire measurements of total and spectral solar irradiance


Near real-time to 15 minutes (product dependent)


Improved triple junction cell, ultra triple junction cell


If the estimated pointing error is too large, the control system sends a command to mute the Tx


Operate the CCDs of the two fast cameras


Data acquisition and control electronics, power conditioning systems


H∞ unstructured control, mixed-µ control synthesis


Photodiode array, visible light cameras, calibration lamp, optics and baffling


Particulate backscatter product, extinction product, ice water content product


UHF in uplink and the S-band in downlink


Cause the orbit of the spacecraft to rapidly decay


Can be performed at any time during the mission


Pigtailed PIN InGaAs photodiode (model EPM605 from JDSU)


Xenon plasma diagnostic instrument for CAE


Online by the National Drought Mitigation Center at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL)


To use these low-power flight piezo drivers and control systems in zero-g environments


Receives and stores all AMS science and housekeeping data, as well as ancillary data from NASA, ensures full science data reconstruction, calibration and alignment; archives all data and keeps data available for physics analysis


The comparatively textured surface of sea ice


Obtain all-weather measurements of ocean surface temperature and wind speed


Payload and downlink planning, data acquisition, processing, archiving and downstream distribution of the Sentinel-2 satellite data


Enables the successive study of different wavebands of visible light


Over the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region by 2020


Comparison of military grade commercial and radiation hardened bulk silicon anti-fuse-based field-programmable gate arrays


OTA (Optical Telescope Assembly) and the PEA (Payload Electronics Assembly)


Provides both the command and control of the spacecraft and the attitude and orbit control functions


Provide the plane information of the antenna plane


Inhibit melting in different parts of the Arctic


16 dual frequency channels (equal to 48 single channels)


Automatic and optimized for robustness and speed


Forecasting and warning of convection precipitation, and studying of Earth's electric field


4-minute slots with a break of 27 seconds between two transmissions


Two dual-conversion receivers, two 4.0 W phase modulated L-band transmitters, two Power, Telemetry and Command (PTC) units


Delays in GPS signals through the atmosphere


RF feeder link between Alphasat and its ground segment


Shen Chiu, Chuck Livingstone, Ishuwa Sikaneta, Christoph Gierull, Pete Beaulne


Attitude control, RF sensing, and high-speed data downlink


Permit to autonomously perform, with the required strict accuracy, the maneuvers necessary for accomplishing mission scientific and technology demonstration goals, guaranteeing at the same time the mission safety


Small changes were needed to the on-board attitude control logic


Addresses dark vessel detection and supports maritime enforcement initiatives


Assure end-to-end security and integrity of message exchange