Recorded the information in the aircraft signals needed by the UK Met Office


University of Colorado Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics


Implementing all I/O interfaces with the platform subsystems


Nearly diffraction-limited system close to the near-infrared band


15 years (10 operational, after 5 years on-orbit spare)


First hundred million years of the history of the Universe


Provides context for ground-based and LEO measurements


Atmospheric Temperature Fields, Atmospheric Humidity Fields, Atmospheric Winds


ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)


Estimated to be greater than the actual one


Takes up approximately half of the chassis volume


Distribute the TDMA signals of each time slot to the beams


0.7 m for the panchromatic band at nadir, and 2.8 m for multispectral bands at nadir


Provides access to each part in the receiver to take appropriate counter measures against almost any kind of interference and jamming


Two to three times higher than a conventional sintered SiC


High accuracy actuation using cold gas milli-Newton thrusters


128 kbit/s with the 34 m DSN antennas and 64 kbit/s with the MSU 21 m Ground Station


Signal to the satellite (CSC) that the umbra moves out of the nominal position range of the SPS


Measure emissions from industrial agriculture and other human-made methane sources


Higher than any achieved by a spacecraft intended for human use since 1972


Calculate the distance between the aircraft or the satellite and the ice surface


Provide critical and actionable environmental intelligence to military operations


Consists mostly of the long-term change of right ascension of the ascending node by geopotential (dΩ/dt)


In the process of final testing and checkout


480 km for the earlier instruments, 50 km for the lower atmosphere and 75 km altitude for the upper atmosphere measurements


National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA/JPL)


Placed on the front surface of the filter substrate


Detect the seafloor up to 30 m below the surface


Borderline between brown dwarfs and stars


Versatile onboard computer(SpaceCube2), Telemetry/Command interface module, SpaceWire router, Network data recorder, Standard middleware, Software development kit


Piecewise linear method with cascade amplification


Concerning the long-term provision of INSAT GEOSAR services


Control, telemetry, telecommand and power conditioning electronics


Planning System Inc. (PSI) Network Data Acquisition System (NDAS)


3-axis magnetometer and a solar panel current algorithm


Measure Natural Airglow in the Upper Atmosphere


Identify when X-ray measurements may be contaminated from charged particles


Receives command packets from the DPU and timing and synchronization data from the AEU


Broadcast of operational meteorological charts


High data throughput and Doppler ranging capabilities


Enables mass resolution of the particles


LEO environmental monitor module, a ”ram” (direction in face of flight) calorimeter module, a ”wake” (direction at the rear of flight) calorimeter module, a Temperature-controlled Quartz Crystal Microbalance (TQCM)/actinometer module, and a solar photovoltaic module


Transfer heat and decouple any external CTE and/or structural loads into the optical systems


To protect the circuit from the overcurrent


Take snapshots of targets of interest (Earth, moon, etc.)


Provide advanced imagery and atmospheric measurements, real-time mapping of lightning activity, and improved monitoring of solar activity and space weather


Time and position information of every photon measured by the MCP


Passive thermal control on the external surfaces


Command actuators to attain a desired attitude state


Z-axis failure during the first year in orbit


6 high-intensity visible LEDs, an infrared LED, a diffuse calibration panel, and an electrical circuit


<12 minute cold start <5 minute warm start <1 s for 60 s lost


Understanding of current dynamics of volatile sources, sinks, and processes


30-100 times brighter than those surveyed by the Kepler satellite


Extends a 15-year record of spectral irradiance measurements


Detect, measure and compare the impact of deep space radiation on living organisms over long durations in deep space


Control of forestland, tracking illegal construction, rapid assessment of damage after natural disasters, determination of agricultural boundaries and geographical data gathering


Proposed during the 2017 Antarctic Field Campaign of Operation IceBridge


Electrons, protons, positrons and antiprotons


Raw battery voltage, regulated 3.3 V, 5 V, and 12 V channels


Over 370 MB of science data and engineering telemetry


Look for planets in orbit around nearby bright stars using the transit method


System Controller (SC), Data Processor (DP)


Camera module, small lithium-ion coin cell battery


Met requirements in all aspects of image quality


11-bit 8-channel (or 12-bit 4-channel if used in differential mode)


Rely on the fact that true lightning events are coherent in time and space, whereas noise events are not


Stable measurements over long periods of time (months)


Image the solar corona and help detect and characterize CMEs


> 1300 W (SAP power), 400 W (payload power)


Creating an artificial solar eclipse every day


Lunar nearside, function of latitude, several times of day


Subtracts the average background estimate of each pixel from the current signal of the corresponding pixel


From launch to the end of initial operation (March 2018)


Roughly doubling the number of known X-ray sources discovered over the 60-year history of X-ray astronomy


Enabling sampling by a high-speed analog-to-digital converter and processing by the digital backend


Raw data to obtain the neutral wind vector, the neutral temperature and the O and N2 densities


Jeremy Sanders, Hermann Brunner, Andrea Merloni and the eSASS team (MPE); Eugene Churazov, Marat Gilfanov (on behalf of IKI)


Detecting and measuring the energy of particles


Supervise the complete cycle of telecommand uplink and execution, as well as reaction monitoring of telemetry


14.77 million km2 (5.70 million square miles)


Increases in signal levels when marine plastic waste is present


Verification of super low altitude satellite system, Measurement of atmospheric density in super low altitude, On-orbit monitoring of atomic oxygen


Maintains approximately the same diameter


International Space Station, Orion and the future Gateway around the Moon


4 bit, 2 bit, and no compression with or without the improved compression mode


Analysis facilities to support physicists from geographically close AMS universities and laboratories, provide access to the AMS-02 data for visualization, detector verification studies and status of data processing, processing sites for the AMS-02 Monte Carlo production and AMS-02 Data reproductions


Light received by this sensor evolves nearly linearly with the distance with the full umbra


Assists with operational use of maritime patrol aircraft, ships, submarines and sonar performance prediction


Mobile IP, NTP, UDP, MDP, FTP, SCP, SSH, IP


Takes a while to compress in response to the weight of land mass pressing down from above


Sun-synchronous orbit, altitude altitude = 700 km, inclination = 98.25º


PIST (Pakistan Institute of Space Technology)


Atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles, precipitation, sea-level wind speed and snow/ice coverage


Redundantly recorded all data as planned


Keeps spacecraft operational and can prolong their lifespan by years


Optics: Ø 420 mm x 755 mm, Electronics : 320 mm x 215 mm x165 (mm)


Provide significantly improved temperature soundings


Separate the scene radiance into the spectral bands of interest


28 µrad for VIS and SWIR, 112 µrad for MWIR, TIR-1, & TIR-2, 224 µrad for WV


26º starting along the spin axis by about 3º in azimuth


Object with strong gravity accreting gas from a companion star


Millions to billions of times the mass of the Sun


Calibrated passive radiometric measurements at multiple microwave frequencies


Navy satellite program to complete SeaSat altimetry mission


Understanding ocean circulation, global water cycle and climate interaction. Soil moisture measurements over Argentina


SU (Sensor Unit) and the ICU (Interface Control Unit)


10 regular station keeping OCM performed for ground track corrections and 2 OCMs were performed as emergency collision avoidance maneuvers


Map the calculated centroid of the imaged beam, in detector coordinates, to the position of the CCRR


Make detailed global elevation measurements, including over Earth's frozen regions


By the main satellite with subsequent recapture


Global mapping, point-source detection, area-source detection


Max-Planck-Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert-Einstein-Institute)


Guidance & Navigation Systems, Communications


ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) signals


In-situ density, temperature and composition of the thermosphere


Location: 1 pixel; intensity: 10%; time tag at frame rate


Part of Mecklenburg–West Pomerania, also known as Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, a state in northeast Germany


Solar corona—including the region that is 10 times the Sun’s angular diameter


Explore the conditions for planet formation and the emergence of life, the solar system origin and its behavior, fundamental physics of the universe, its origin and composition


Fully achieved in the Science Observation Mode


One gyro (out of four) and one reaction wheel (out of four)


Wave heights, Wavelength and direction, Surface wind speed and direction, Ocean surface temperature, Atmospheric water content (liquid and vapour), Sea ice morphology and dynamics, Icebergs


Provide detailed information about Earth’s vegetation, play a key role in mapping differences in land cover, understand the landscape, map how it is used and monitor changes over time


Particle physics detector containing a large, cryogenic superfluid helium superconducting magnet


Peered inside dense doughnuts surrounding supermassive black holes


Prevent the instrument from direct viewing of the sun in orbit and from contamination during launch


Atmospheric temperature profiles, cloud top height and temperature, sea surface temperature, specific humidity profiles, integrated water vapor measurements, cloud cover maps, land surface temperature, horizontal winds, total column ozone, and cloud type discrimination


Visible Imagery (0.5 - 0.85 µm) at night


Boost Mode, Coast Mode, Forced Motion Mode


Measure Earth's atmospheric emissions, day and night glow, and aurora


Generate navigation messages and steering commands


FF demonstration first, then science and finally experiments


Evaluate the operation of the SFA (Small Fine Arm)


Mapping (habitat, bathymetry, and water quality) and detection change for coral reef health assessment and monitoring


Use of an amateur radio for communication


2.8 and 3.75 for PAN, 1.7 and 3.75 for MS


Passes over and along many of the primary aerosol transport paths within the atmosphere


500 eV at energies below ~30 keV, 1.2 keV at the upper end of the energy range


Determine the seasonal cycle and topographic character of ice sheet changes


Corrects the scan mirror pointing for the expected spacecraft attitude and orbital effects


United States-based NGO Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) and its subsidiary MethaneSAT LLC


Open (nominal), closed (testing) and X-ray source (calibration)


Freescale advanced 45 nm dual-core microprocessor


Occurs in the 27-second intervals between WEFAX transmissions


Approximately 40 trillion floating point operations per second


If the beacon strength suddenly drops, the control system sends a command to mute the Tx and switches to the gyro-holding mode


Orbit determination, manoeuvre prediction and planning, and manoeuvre executions for both drag-makeup manoeuvres and inclination manoeuvres


Gravity gradient boom and active magnetic torquing


Near-shore mapping, monitoring coral reefs, coastal mangroves, sediment transport, carbon storage capacity, water clarity, invasive species, and coastal dynamics


L data, T data, TF data, LF data, TS, LS


6 Degree of Freedom control with thrusters


Look for antimatter in cosmic rays above the atmosphere


Special class of objects called magnetars


Real-time flexible BAQ (Block Adaptive Quantization)


Photomultiplier tube, high voltage power supply, and pulse amplitude discriminator electronics


Star brightness measurements, fine guidance sensors, spectral band measurements


Extends industry leadership well into the next decade


Provide a distribution of dosimeters in key spacecraft locations during the STRV-1d mission


LMS (Link Management System) and interface to the MOC


Capable of periods of 1 degree pointing (1σ)


1037º x 1037º for the “normal” cameras and 619º x 619º for each of the two “fast” cameras


Up to 2 minutes from the Earth pointing attitude to right- or left-looking


Testing and monitoring of Single Event Upsets (SEUs), Multiple Bit Upsets (MBUs), Single Event Functional Interrupts (SEFIs) and Latch-Ups


8-14 slot cPCI chassis, PE SBC, 96 Tiger SHARC DSP @ 250 MHz, 700 W, 20 kg


Flour-polymer resin over a copper substrate


A field of larger debris that traces the comet’s orbital path as it travels around the sun


GIS, environmental monitoring, agricultural monitoring, oceanographic monitoring


5460 samples/s for MIR, WV, TIR-1 and TIR- 2 channels and 21840 samples/s for the VIS and SWIR channels


DinSAR and time-series analysis, surface deformations caused by earthquakes, volcanic activities, subsidence, and landslides


Up to 150 million square kilometres per day


Cloud of particles traveling near the speed of light


Lack of understanding of the upper atmospheric response to energy input near the poles


All land areas/islands covered (except Antarctica)


2 main dipole coils and 12 racetrack coils, a superfluid helium vessel and a cryogenic system, all enclosed in an aluminum vacuum tank


2.5 m for the panchromatic band, and 10 m in four multispectral bands


Used in conjunction with the Oxygen Generation System (OGS) for water production needs on-orbit


SWEPAM-E and BAM-E flown on the ACE and the Ulysses missions


AX.25 Terminal Node Controllers (TNCs) and RS-232 ports


Usually, it takes at least two observed transits to recognize a planet's presence


Proton fluence through displacement damage effects, ionizing current


Deploy microsatellites from the ISS orbit


Accurate spectroscopy of X-rays as well as imaging with high time resolution


Separate VNIR spectral domain into the ten bands B1 to B9


Use a periscope to pick off a fraction of the laser light and direct it to the LSA


Address thermal control issues detected on GOES-16 and -17


Is co-integrated with the STR CHU delivering angular rates at high bandwidth


TPM (Thermal & Power Module), MCM (Mass storage and Control Module)


Hints at the presence of even younger hot Jupiters


Philippine DOST (Department of Science and Technology)


26 (24 normal cameras and 2 fast cameras)


Sharpened their measurements of its orbital period by 56% and its size by 38%


DEIMOS, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), University Politehnica of Bucharest/Institute of Space Sciences (UPB/ISS)


1 km for VIS and SWIR, 4 km for MWIR, 8 km for WV, 4 km for TIR-1 and TIR-2


Develop optical sensing, imaging, and propagation technologies


Installed on the bottom side of the S/C deck


22 triple-junction cells, two commercial dual-junction control cells, analog cell measurement circuitry, data converters, microcontroller, FPGA, n-channel MOSFET transistor, amplifier, tolerance resistor


Lower latencies and transmission error rates


Provide monitoring data to shipping line customers who are interested in the Arctic Sea ice state and the eventual use of the Arctic shipping routes


Low-thrust trajectory to lunar orbit with very little propellant


3.74 million km2 (1.44 million square miles)


Read the associated displacement error for that temperature from the look-up table, and subtract it from the displacement measurement


Investigate the distribution of water as a function of time of day, latitude, and regolith composition


Slowly slews for about 160º around the yaw axis


High Resolution Small and Micro Satellites


Observe other satellites and orbital debris


Conical scanning, signal transfer and power distribution through internal slip rings


Demonstrate techniques to monitor Earth's oceanographic phenomena and features from space on a global scale, Provide timely oceanographic data to scientists studying marine phenomena and users of the oceans as a resource, Determine the key features of an operational full-time ocean-monitoring system


Silicon area array with 7000 pixels Pan, 1750 pixels in each MS band


ELC-3 platform, which is attached to the station’s P3 port truss segment


2 ports of 1 Mbit/s CAN bus, 2 ports of 1 Mbit/s MIL-STD-1553B bus, 3 ports of 130 Mbit/s SpaceWire bus, Up to 8 duplex ports of 8 Mbit/s HDLC over opto-isolated or LVDS (Low Voltage Differential Signaling) channels, 3 ports of 25 Mbit/s DATA-CLK-DV raw data over LVDS


Infer local plasma density and electron temperature determination


Observation of ultra-fast winds from supermassive black holes


Back shell thermal protection system tiles, back shell thermal barriers, reaction control system thruster nozzles, base heat shield acreage, docking hatch thermal protection system blankets, docking hatch window, and crew module windows


Transmitter, receiver and digital signal processor


Yahsat, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, and Northrop Grumman


Ultra-stable fiber injector (FIA), beam fine steering mirror (FSM), imaging optics, photoreceiver frontends (PRFs) with the quadrant photodiodes


7.5 m in the panchromatic band and 15 m in the multispectral bands


No bigger than the tip of a pinkie finger


Stable and consistent with reported levels


Atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles


Evaluate the performance of HCSM (High Capacity Spaceborne Memory) SRAM module in the space environment


Can save a mission if the software is not perfect at orbital insertion


Amateur Satellite UHF-band or Space Research S-band


Liquid-propellant intercontinental ballistic missile


180 mm length, 130 mm width, and a maximum height of 56 mm


LMOD (L-band modulation function) developed for PALSAR will be improved by using the dual-polarized PALSAR-2


Signal experiments, receiver testing, user applications


Provide advance power technology for the Starshine 3 Satellite


In-depth validation of Galileo Mission Segment key technology and design aspects


Collect high-resolution imagery of possible lunar landing sites


High rate information transmission / Emergency managers weather information network


Enhance the flow of solar wind onto a small target to make possible oxygen and nitrogen measurements


Continuous payload utilization, up to 200 links per day and communication channel, over the expected lifetime of 15 years, with a targeted service availability of at least 99.6% over 60 days and an order reaction time well below one hour


Measures the same range fluctuations as KBR but with reduced noise and provides accurate measurements of the relative pointing of the two satellites


Radially outward from the center of the Earth


128 samples per scan for the 85 GHz channels, and 64 scene stations per two scans for the other channels


Required for the operation of an imaging camera


Rotating wheel inside the payload could change the satellite orientation


Since the start of the satellite record in the 1970s


Change in electrical resistance experienced by a multilayer structure in the presence of a magnetic field


First two modules are the flight units, and the third module is to provide for more extensive X-ray characterization


About a million times brighter than the total light output of the Sun


Recovering the message and locating the emergency beacon


Receive the Galileo bands E6, E5a,b and L1 in full bandwidth


Software defined and configurable, nominal product telemetered to the ground is 5 s


Lagrange point L2 of the Sun-Earth system


Provide on-board processing function in order to support navigation


Generate the high-power radar transmit signal


Measure gravity and show how mass is distributed around the planet


Contrast improvement, lens artifacts removal


A portion of the northwest coast of Poland


Monitor energetic particle populations and the spacecraft's radiation exposure


Test alternative theories of gravitation versus General Relativity


Visible, shortwave infrared, middle infrared, water vapor and two bands in thermal infrared


Detecting the micro-debris impact on the surface of HORYU-2


22 times the amount of energy Earth receives from the Sun


Controls the overall operation of the instrument


Far more interesting scientifically than the data from SAR


Commanding front-end and automation engine


The corresponding x-axes are oriented along the relative motion line


Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in China


Up to 30 cm in the satellite-ground direction


About 80o great circles of the arc of its subsatellite point


Accurately measure the depths (bathymetry) of shallow coastal waters


Capture the sample container orbiting Mars


Fully CCSDS compatible with ranging and coherent transmission capabilities


600 physicists and 56 institutes and organizations from 16 countries


Format and date data, both scientific and housekeeping in X-band


Various environments, in particular for aeromagnetic surveys


Carbon Dioxide (CO2) detection and monitoring


Forward- (+20º) and backward-looking (-20º)


Analog voltages on the two analog channels


~106 times lower than in low-Earth orbit


Optical Bench Assembly STM with thermal mass dummies of the cameras


Provide measurements of atmospheric clouds and aerosols


Regardless of light or weather conditions


Lower in the NIR band region than the visible band region


As big as Olympic-sized swimming pools, or bigger


Magneto resistive device of Honeywell HMC 2003


5 cm (2 inches) in October, 17 cm (6.7 in) in April


Quantify variability in incoming solar radiation, determine regions/layers of Earth’s atmosphere that are affected by solar variability, determine whether the Sun’s spectral ultraviolet output is in- or out-of-phase with visible wavelength output, provide TSI and SSI data to support community science in climate, atmosphere, solar physics, and radiative transfer modeling


Measure cloud fraction, cloud top height, and cloud top wind


Less stringent than the primary KBR instrument


About 13 times closer than Mercury orbits the Sun


(1) Under what conditions is magnetopause reconnection spatially continuous versus discontinuous? (2) under what conditions is magnetopause reconnection temporally steady versus bursty?


The bright, reticulated pattern observed in many EUV images of solar active regions


Generate configuration and timing information and the beam parameters for conducting the SAR payload operations


Forms vertical images of the Earth's atmosphere from 750 km to 50 km


Study the impact of clouds and aerosols on global energy balance and climate feedback mechanisms


Often cited as Vlad’s home and as the inspiration for Stoker’s gothic novel


Daytime cloud/snow/ice discrimination, total cloud cover, aviation weather analysis for icing, smoke from low-burn-rate fires


50 lines/s in channels 1-4 and 12.5 lines/s in channel 5


Detect lightning and act as a possible TLE event trigger


EOS-C (Earth Observation Satellite - Camera)


Determine position, velocity and time using GPS signals


Earth-pointing attitude with one panel facing Earth


Can be activated in times of trouble to send out help signals


Facilitate continuous engagement with ASGC universities in the engineering and management of the project


P. D. Beaulne, C. H. Gierull, C. E. Livinstone, I. C. Sikaneta, S. Chiu, S. Gong, M. Quinton


Enable the dynamic control and optimization of power, throughput, beams and frequency allocation


Controls the heaters to maintain the operating temperature


Increase in the decay rate of the mothercraft, changes in the outputs pattern of the solar panels, increase in the brightness of the satellite from ground observations


More than three times the current GOES Imagers


Mission operations planning and design, Science and instrument operations support, Command planning, verification and uploads, Ground station interaction, Observatory health monitoring and housekeeping trending, Observatory navigation and orbit maintenance maneuver implementation


Smart and low mass, low power, and highly-integrated


Taking detailed pictures of radioactive material


Characteristically different from all the existing experimental results


FormoSat-7/COSMIC-2, DESDynI, ICESat-2, Jason-CS, SWOT, DSAC, GRACE-FO, other NASA/NOAA missions


AM (Avionics Module), PM (Payload Module) structure, harness, ESPA (EELV Secondary Payload Adapter) ring


Assess the state-of-the-art of Image Processing (IP) and navigation algorithms


The strategies for integrating the measurements from the available sensors (MIRU and VBS) must be carefully considered


GPP modeling and global carbon flux estimations


Used for the intelligent pointing system


Analyzing the bi-dimensional distribution of the spectral profiles of several coronal emission lines (CEL)


Hot spot events, SST (Sea Surface Temperature) measurements


1) Determine VLF injection efficiency from a space-based antenna. 2) Map VLF fields from geophysical and man-made sources 3) Measure precipitating particles scattered by VLF from geophysical, ground-based transmitter, and DSX VLF transmitter sources


Recording SEEs near the SAA (South Atlantic Anomaly)


Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA - Recherche et Development (CSEM), Switzerland


LEO spacecraft optically uplink their data to GEO stations which feed the data via conventional Ka-band links to the ground segment


Measures the magnetic field in the outer magnetosphere of the Earth


Deflect the ambient ions and to ionize neutrals


USTL (Université des Sciences et Techniques de Lille), Lille, France


Monitor nearby stars for orbiting exoplanets


Mass motions in the Earth system with unprecedented accuracy and temporal resolution


Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in India


Vehicle navigation, Environmental sustainability, Global connectivity, Disaster response, National security


Compensate for orbital motion during imaging


About 60 percent more power than MicroMAS-1


MDIM (Meteoroid and Debris Impact Monitor) and the Meteoroid Impact Sensor of BMDO


Providing imagery of the stricken region to the Chinese Academy of Sciences


By not allowing any object to come into the FOV of the coolers and incorporating a bi-annual yaw rotation of the spacecraft


CSS (Coarse Sun Sensor), FSS (Fine Sun Sensor), MAG (Magnetometer), and 2 ST (Star Tracker)


3 µm band absorption by several forms of water


Geo-calibrated and orthorectified image using Ground Control Points


Monitoring water storage, ice sheets and glaciers, sea level, and solid earth


16.8 Mpixel, low-noise, low-power, MIT/LL CCID-80 detector


Collect and disseminate worldwide cloud cover data on a daily basis


Magnetometer readings and the telemetry data of three solar panels


Measure the temperature and humidity profiles


Only an oblique swath of the Earth's surface occasionally in each orbit


Used to determine the quality of the laser beam and monitor potential degradation of the beam shape over the mission lifetime


Cold reading, warm load reading, and the scene stations


Navigate, locate and collect the sample tubes


All-weather, day/night persistent surveillance


Precipitation rate, wind speed, sea ice concentration, water vapor, clouds


ISC (International Space Company) Kosmotras of Moscow, Russia


Radiometric corrections, Geometric corrections


Comparable to GeoEye-1, WorldView-2 and Pleiades-HR


Multi-purpose imagery (ocean), Multi-purpose imagery (land)


Study the Sun’s faint corona closer to the solar rim


To government agencies, educational institutions, and commercial use


Pre-developed by ESA, NASA and the LISA consortium of ESA member states


5.5 m in length, 6.6 m in height, and 2.8 m in width


Near-realtime on severe weather events such as thunderstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes and flash floods, as well as hazards like fog, aerosols, dust storms, volcanic eruptions and forest fires


Needs to be ensured throughout the whole RVX mission


Relevant characteristics of a proposed SAR beam mode


Layer of polymer matrix composite with a thin strip of shape memory alloy on each side


Measure methane emissions from human activities


Launch astronauts into space, perform multiple long distance/long duration space missions, and then return the astronauts safely back to Earth


Main instrument used to verify the satellite orientation


Application of TanSat XCO2 Retrieval Algorithm in GOSAT Observations


Varies with the frequency with the highest spatial resolution of 25 km x 17 km and the lowest at 70 km x 42 km


Strategic and tactical weather prediction for the US military


Take focused pictures of the cosmos in high-energy X-ray light


Photo-conductive HgCdTe (Mercury Cadmium Telluride) detectors


Leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf water content


Investigate the effect of gravity on the reproductive spores of the fern, Ceratopteris richardii


< 250 Mbit/s @ 40 MHz on page level (4 k x 8)


L-band reconfigurable software-defined radio


268 and 220 km for more than 31days, 250, 240, 230, 220 and 180 km for more than 7 days


Exchange data between the different elements of the constellation or network spacecrafts


Demonstrate service operation and move from point A to point B


Demonstration of control techniques using conventional constant current battery charging, followed by current tapering


Between September 20 and October 10, 1996


Standardization of hardware and software at the module level


Radiation absorption, memory malfunction, static charge voltage, contamination, heavy ions


Cloud type, amount and cloud top temperature, Atmospheric Temperature Fields, Aerosols, Vegetation, Ozone, Trace gases (excluding ozone)


Uplink = 145 MHz, downlink = 437.375 MHz


In front of the instrument Tube, under the lid of the FDA (Front Door Assembly)


Coarse three-axis control of the spacecraft body


Minimize the thermal conductive leaks between the COB and the OBA


internal: <0.5 Pa m3/h(Ghe), external: <1x10 -7 Pa m3/s(Ghe)


Low orbit of only 62 miles above the surface of the moon


Supervising the overall systems and networks of the core GS


With other ground-based observations using a numerical model of water and energy processes at the land surface


Integrated with the STR (Star Tracker) package


Full with existing and future 406 MHz beacons


Study the gravity response of ion channels


Reduces the intensity of the central peak of the Airy pattern by approximately a factor of four


Varies with frequency about 15 km at 85.5 GHz about 60 km at 19.4 GHz


Once per 15 seconds to once or twice per pass


636 pixels (939 pixels for the fast cameras)


Management, System Engineering, Science & Payload


Compensate for the satellite's orbital motion


Galaxy Clusters, Active Galactic Nuclei, X-ray Sources, Double Stars, Supernovae, Neutron Stars


12 minutes per occultation (limb observations)


Directly by the telecommand decoder and by-passes all OBC software


Measurement of positron-to-electron ratio


About half of total consumption of SLATS


6 hour and 18 hour orbit illumination, large power requirement of the SAR payload, solar eclipse conditions during the summer solstice


Thousands of high-resolution photographs during a single flight


Low power transmit signal pulses at C-band


QPSK/OQPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying / Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)


Eliminated the need for the use of higher priority programming levels


Designed by engineers at NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio


Triples to quadruples the company's capacity to image high-demand areas


About 30 times the mass of Earth per year


Panchromatic:1 MS (Multispectral): 6 bands


Determine the directional spectra of ocean waves, surface manifestations of internal waves, polar ice-cover motion, geological structural features, soil moisture boundaries, vegetation characteristics, urban land-use patterns, and other geoscientific features of interest


Generate three-dimensional deformation maps of the Earth's surface and calculate topographical changes at volcanoes


Provide first responders with highly accurate locations


Pacific Ocean off the west coast of the United States


Install the electrical cables and drive the final two bolts


Measure the global magnetic field and radiation


Areas of negative magnetization are dominated by magnetizations in directions oblique and opposite to that of the present Earth's field


Commercial shipping, aviation, governments, enterprises, and underserved areas


Obtain important technical data for future deep-space exploration


235 mm x 205 mm x 85 mm (width x depth x height)


Control the beam pointing and the beam setting in a tile


Maximize coverage and throughput of each space platform


Conditioning and amplifying the transmit chirp, hosting and distributing the instrument Ultra Stable Oscillator


Utilise all-weather, day-and-night SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) for applications in agriculture, geology, flood monitoring, and more


Blocks the direct light from the external occulter


About three times as massive as the secondary


Source of water for crop irrigation, sustains streams during dry periods, and is a useful indicator of extended drought


Launch configuration, solar array deployment, telescope deployment, in-orbit collimation


JHU/APL (Johns Hopkins University /Applied Physics Laboratory)


Rendezvous with the samples in orbit around Mars and take them in a highly secure containment capsule for return to Earth


Sea surface winds, sea surface temperatures, wave heights, internal waves, atmospheric water, sea ice features, ice sheet topography and ocean topography


POD (Precise Orbit Determination), GNSS-RO (GNSS Radio Occultation), Neutral Atmosphere, Ionosphere, and Scintillation, GNSS-R (GNSS Reflections)


Neptec UK (NUK) and Neptec Design Group Canada (NDG)


Nominally no operator action is required


Totally complementary, without duplicating effort and results


All-weather global tracking, ground-beacon positioning, estimate of the total content of ionospheric free electrons


Initial, Nominal, Scientific, Observation, Safe


Project management, system engineering, safety and mission assurance, and engineering oversight for the TSIS-1 payload


Eliminates the filters that are susceptible to debris


In the definition/prototype phase as of 2008


SAR operating modes, including Sliding Spotlight mode


Measures the height of the first substance it hits


Movement of water based on variations of Earth’s gravity field


Status reporting, monitoring, configuration and asset management


8 (in the HH and HV polarization channels)


Office of the Oceanographer of the U.S. Navy, Fleet Numerical Weather Center in Monterey, CA, Navy Surface Weapons Center in Dahlgren, VA, Naval Research Laboratory, the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), the Office of Naval Research, and the Navy/NOAA Joint Ice Center, NOAA Atlantic Oceanic Marine Laboratory (AOML) in Miami, FL, the NOAA weather centre in Suitland, MD, the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory in Seattle, WA, and NOAA's Marine Fisheries office in Bay St Louis, MS; the Defense Mapping Agency, United States Geological Survey (USGS), the U.S. Coast Guard, the Department of the Interior and the Department of Agriculture (AgriStars program)


Telescope: 170 mm x 420 mm, Electronics: 265 mm x 200 mm x 85 mm


Establish a plug-and play space experiment brokering system


Soil moisture observation, salinity and sea surface temperature


Increasing due to global warming signals


5 mirrors, the FPA (Focal Plane Assembly) with 1 panchromatic and 4 multispectral bands, and two Star Trackers


Measure the microwave brightness temperatures of the ocean surface


From a few photo-electrons for MIP to ~ 105 photo-electrons for electromagnetic showers


Provide global visible and infrared cloud data and other specialized meteorological, oceanographic and solar-geophysical data in support of world wide Department of Defense (DoD) operations


M. Pavlinsky, V. Akimov, V. Levin, I. Lapshov, A. Tkachenko, N. Semena, V. Arefiev, A. Glushenko, A. Yaskovich, R. Burenin, S. Sazonov, M. Revnivtsev, M. Buntov, S. Grebenev, A. Lutovinov, M. Kudelin, S. Grigorovich, D. Litvin, V. Lazarchuk, I. Roiz, M. Garin, M. Gubarev, B. Ramsey, K. Kilaru, S. L. O'Dell, R. Elsner


Detecting methane rather than carbon dioxide


Provide maps of salt concentration on the ocean surface


Passive cooling using a space-facing radiative surface


89 GHz (window), 118 (temp), 183 GHz (humidity), 207 GHz (cloud ice)


Detect high temperature thermal events (HTE) such as biomass burning and volcanic ash regions


Detects soft x-rays emitted when charged particles traverse the boundary between two media with different dielectric constants


Precise reconstruction of the direction of arrival of high energy gamma rays


Radar mapping of land and sea, air quality, and sea-surface topography and temperature


2.0(tank), 2.5(valve), 4.0(tube etc.) x MEOP


February/March 2019 ICESat-2 measurements with those calculated using ICESat in February/March 2008


47 AD590s, 16 PRT (Platinum Resistance Thermometers)


High peak power output and a low duty cycle, Improved radio frequency stability, A unique identification code in each beacon, Digital transmissions that could be stored in a satellite's memory


Secure laser communication to receive data from the low-Earth orbiting satellites and beams the information back to Earth via radio frequency


ISRO's MCF (Master Control Facility) at Hassan in Karnataka


Revise the NDO to cut off the future fuel of RCS


From the detector output at a given CCRR position to the corresponding position measurement from the laser tracker


Continuous measurements of lightning and ice-phase precipitation


Using an analogue sun sensor (solar cell) mounted on the +Y face sensor


Propels the Orion Crew Module to safety in an emergency during launch or ascent


Reducing the launch mass and volume required for printer feedstock


3-axis, zero momentum bias, nadir pointing


Conditioning the solar array input, regulating the battery charge/discharge cycle, and providing power to the other subsystems


United States, Australia, Italy, Netherlands, Finland, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, UK, Germany, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Thailand, Poland, Canada, Brazil, and India


Remote POCC (Payload Operations and Control Center)


Over La Reunion Island and its coastal area


Monitor ocean and land surfaces, global atmospheric parameters, and obtain sea surface wind profiles


Cosmic clumpy doughnut around a black hole


Negative end of the high-voltage solar array and the end of the TJ arrays


Thin ice, thick ice, and features such as ice ridges


Ultra-compact binaries, supermassive black hole mergers, extreme mass ratio inspirals


All subsystems besides the EPS power off


Provides requisite amplitude and phase correction required on each TR module


Perform time synchronization of all system clocks


Communicate with the spacecraft, even when it is out of visibility from ground antenna


3 axis stabilized with 4 Reaction Wheels


Six bands in the VIS and IR spectral regions


Level 1 image, ortho-image, pan-sharpen image and DSM (Digital Surface Model)


Extremely good with high-quality SAR imagery


Detectors, filters, front-end electronics


INPE (National Institute for Space Research) and CAST (China Academy of Space Technology)


Split the single transmit beam into 6 beams


Sealed soil (imperviousness), tree cover density, forest type, and grasslands


140 million miles (225 million kilometers)


Remote Payload Operations Control Center (POCC)


WAC, NAC, ISM, MOH, AMU, STR CHU, MIRU, DPU


Find and study extrasolar planetary systems


-Xs points to the sun, Ys is parallel to Earth equator plane


2º control and a 1º knowledge requirements


Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2


88º N over the Arctic, and about 79.6º S over the Antarctic


Ground communications and the distribution of Earth surface imagery


Three years minimum with a goal of five years


Ronald Glumb, Peter Mantica, Alan Bell, Christopher Ellsworth, Lawrence Suwinski, and Jeremy Dobler


Planar aperture, planar collector sensor


Global observations of the Earth’s surface and atmosphere


10 MHz voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator (VC-TCXO)


Higher than previous generation receivers


Likely need to be increased to close the link at apogee


Phosphor light source with peak emission over the TOMS wavelength range


Acquire Mars samples, cache them into sample tubes, and leave the tubes in one or more depots


Pushes the jet stream north and causes it to curve


Returns a star image to the same location on the telescope detector


Directs pointing maneuvers to the desired solar targets


With the GEOSAR payloads flown on various GEO missions


Sliding it through the opening in the bottom of the separation panel


Near real-time ship detection, arctic land surveillance, environmental sensing, maritime surveillance radar beam optimization


Three-frequency radio-beacon, antenna and an UV photometer


S-band toroidal pattern transmit antenna


Light curves on everything in its field of view, every half hour


Land the smallest lander to date on the lunar surface to demonstrate the feasibility of the hardware for distributed cooperative exploration systems


Twice the distance between the beam starting point and a plane normal to the beam direction and intersecting the vertex


Technology demonstration microsatellite of DoD/AFRL


Develop technologies to protect low Earth orbiting (LEO) satellites from the effects of HANE (High Altitude Nuclear Explosions)


30.7 nm aluminum and a 217.9 nm polyimide layer


Continuous Full Disk (CFD), Flex Mode (aka Storm Watch)


Inertial direction of the Earth rotation vector determination


Rotates the steering mirror until the local and incoming beams are parallel on the photodetector


4500 x 4500 km (China area mode), 1000 x 1000 km (Mesoscale mode)


Single frequency laser, Fabry Perot reference cavity, triple mirror assembly (TMA), OBS (Optical Bench Subsystem), instrument electronics


Standby mode, Scan mode, Solar calibration mode, Wavelength monitoring mode, Electronic calibration mode, Reflectance calibration mode, Direct control mode


Upgraded versions of those flying on the SORCE mission


High frequency of clouds over the Amazon region


Reconfigurable to meet different imaging requirements


Approximately -0.1 dB on ascending passes and +0.15 dB on descending passes


Consists of seven segments, six of which are deployed after launch with the central segment attached to the zenith-pointing deck of the satellite


Provide opportunities for the evaluation of several new technologies in-orbit


XCO2 retrieval based on the observation data, and for the provision of CO2 data products


Capture the reflections of signals sent by Sentinel-1 to Earth


About 90 times bigger than the size of the full Moon


180 kg (Chaser/Servicer), 20 kg (Target/Client)


Carry out tasks using a suite of three primary tools


Attach to the running system by a flexible and glitch-free on-chip communication architecture


Blockages in its radiator by FOD (Foreign Object Debris)


Expected to be a factor 2 to 6 greater to the SCM configuration


Monitor transits, periodic dips in a star’s brightness


Freshwater from the surface of the ice shelf into the ocean below within three days


US NOAA satellites and the European MetOp satellites


Enough to deliver a return on the investment


All sensors operated at the same time, over the same region of the ocean


1650 W (normal mode), 2280 W (ultra fine mode)


Low-Cost, R&D Space Mission with Responsive Enabling Technologies


Over five different bands, one panchromatic band and four multispectral bands (blue, green, red, and near-infrared)


Study gravitational waves produced by merging stellar mass black holes, supermassive black holes, white dwarfs, neutron stars, or small black holes


EDRS to LEO, LEO to EDRS, or bidirectional


Measure the shape and depths of lake beds and shallow seafloors


Enable newer, smaller, lighter, and more complex spacecraft


Surface waves, internal waves, currents, upwelling, shoals, sea ice, wind, and rainfall


Forwards the located distress message to a nearby Mission Control Center (MCC)


To demonstrate in space a gas flow control and sensing principle


Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)


Very linear and predictable mirror actuator, or an internal sensor within the actuator that yields an accurate representation of the actual mirror angle


Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, MD


Make useful relative comparisons between the existing RADARSAT-2 beam modes and these new beam modes


Steerable high-gain antenna dish and two omni antennas


Dropped 5.53 feet (1.69 meters) between March and June


Flown on aircraft [the Concorde (BA) and Boeing-767 (SAS)], on the Shuttle (STS-48, -44, -53, -56, -68, and -63), in sun-synchronous orbit (UoSat-3, since Jan. 23, 1990), and on the USAF APEX satellite


China area: 5000 km x 5000 km, Mesoscale area: 1000 km x 1000 km


FDIR (Failure Detection, Isolation and Recovery) test maneuvers


Helps scientists identify features that are also detected by radar, laser, and gravity instruments


25-m spaced annual global mosaics (using orthorectified slope corrected SAR)


At least 35 miles (56 km) per hour within 24 hours


Detect X-ray pulses produced by coronal mass ejections


Demonstrate new technologies for studying nearby stars


SEE immunity, innovative error mitigation techniques, sophisticated three-level FDIR policy, redundancy on all critical functions


Qualification with respect to environmental requirements relevant to the spacecraft structure and the thermal control system


First ever true imaging survey of the sky in the hard band (2-8 keV)


Identification of possible wave signatures associated with transient luminous phenomena during storms, Characterization of lightning flashes from their HF electromagnetic signatures, Identification of possible HF electromagnetic or/and electrostatic signatures of precipitated and accelerated particles, Determination of characteristic frequencies of the medium using natural waves properties, Global mapping of the natural and artificial waves in the HF frequency range


Nadir plate of the satellite close to the center of gravity


From 12 to 14 high-resolution satellites


Stabilized to the Sun pointing within 60º


Flight demonstration of advanced cells on the power generating panels of STRV-1c/d and in-flight measurement of the current-voltage characteristics of 38 individual solar cells


EUV flares also deposit large amounts of energy in Earth’s upper atmosphere (thermosphere) causing it to expand into Low Earth Orbiting satellites


Study the effects of radiation on electronic systems


1-meter CE90 when suitable elevation data is available


Mitigate arcing under a LEO plasma environment


Principal investigator for the attitude control experiment


Examine synergistic radiation effects on a variety of newer state-of-the-art digital microcircuit and multi-chip module (MCM) technologies


Day or night, when skies are cloudy or clear


Infrared Fine resolution data (TF data) can be collected continuously, day and night. Visible fine (LF data) is collected during daytime only


Smaller in size than Neptune, but larger than Earth


0.5 counts per second per Rayleigh at 83.4 nm


Process signals from sun sensors and control the array drive motor speed


STA will transfer the sample tubes into the Orbiting Sample (OS)


Affects the fabric of spacetime on the minuscule scale of a few millionths of a millionth of a meter over a distance of a million kilometers


Sweeping perpendicular to the groundtrack


Between 1:00 and 4:18 (UTC), and between 13:00 and 16:18 (UTC)


More than the computation models had predicted


Affects local ecosystems, regional and global weather patterns, and the circulation of the oceans


Map greenhouse gas ratios on a global scale


Second Sun-Earth Lagrange point (L2), 1.5 million km from Earth


MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)


Mainly financed by the Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs (OSTC) of Belgium, with a contribution from its German counterpart (DLR)


Revolutionize scientists’ ability to study details like the ages, sizes and compositions of stars


Provides containment for inadvertent flame and shatters


Conventional stripmap, ScanSAR, quad polarization stripmap, sliding spotlight


Constant relative range and with a direction that ensures the S/C are Sun aligned


Time-series SAR data (amplitude), PolSAR and InSAR (coherence) will be combined to detect the best combination for each disaster


S-band transmitter feed, S-band receiver feed, X-band receiver feed, tracking system


3 sun sensors, 2 three-axial magnetometers, 2 star trackers, 2 gyros, 1 GPS receiver


Does not advance towards or away from the target over multiple orbits


Achieves temperatures needed for IR detectors


Takes measurements over hundreds of wavelengths


Stored pictures of the entire northern hemisphere each day


Maintain continuous, reliable operational environmental, and storm warning systems to protect life and property; Monitor the Earth's surface and space environmental and climate conditions; Introduce improved atmospheric and oceanic observations and data dissemination capabilities; Develop and provide new and improved applications and products for a wide range of federal agencies, state and local governments, and private users


Ending with on-orbit acceptance by the government


Indicate the power status of the main power line and of single battery low-voltage


Provide stratospheric ozone profile information


Provide attitude data in the form of absolute attitude errors


Clear sky region of the data-sparse Indian Ocean


Provide closely spaced observations of surface wind speed and direction


Redundancy, propulsion capability, high data rate communications, high-agility/high-accuracy pointing


1.35 million km2 below the 1981–2010 average


Demonstrate a prototype secure CCSDS packet TM/TC system in an operational environment


Downloads images of the star so that its brightness can be observed over time


Develop in-house engineering solutions for ABEX lead by student design teams


Systematic push-broom acquisitions, plus lateral mode capability for emergency events monitoring


Open water within a lead shows up in the satellite data as a very flat surface


Communications, power, thermal, ADCS (Attitude Determination and Control Subsystem), C&DH (Command and Data Handling)


Alabama Burst Energetics eXplorer (ABEX)


Provides better thermal stability and characterisation


Provide enhanced meteorological observations and monitoring of land and ocean for weather forecasting and disaster warning


Emits a pulsed infrared signal. Combined, the MOHs enable 6 DOF resolution of the relative state when operating in cooperative mode


NBI (Niels Bohr Institute) of the University of Copenhagen, the Technical University of Denmark (DTU), the Solar-Terrestrial Physics Division of DMI (Danish Meteorological Institute), the Danish Space Research Institute (DSRI) of Copenhagen, Terma A/S, and Computer Resources International (now part of Terma A/S)


Trap positive charges and shift the threshold voltage


An identical maneuver is performed but at a later stage when the perigee is illuminated and the VBS can operate in non-cooperative mode


Wrong routing and connection of the control lanes


Planning of the maintenance of the solar array paddle and the battery


Nonlinear system manifold design, low energy transfer orbit control technology


At a distance of 350 km from the Sentinel-1 satellite


Sending telemetry data and photos from the space to the ground station


Resembled in appearance conventional Earth-oriented satellites of this period


Consideration of mechanical stresses caused by thermal cycling


L-band scatterometer and different frequencies for radiometer


Demonstrate distributed, interactive and intelligent control approaches


Sending pulses of light from the satellite to Earth’s surface and measuring how long it takes individual photons to return to the sensor


Multiple overlapping dispersions have also been presented as evidence for multiple discontinuous reconnection sites along the magnetopause


Up to about 2 GB of high-resolution data (event mode) will be downloaded per day


Entrance slit assembly, front-side optical system, dispersing assembly and back-side optical system


five times fainter than the primary star


OH distribution in the mesosphere and upper stratosphere


Global measurements of air temperature profiles, humidity profiles and other atmospheric measurements


Detect and locate transmissions from emergency beacons carried by ships, aircraft, or people


Estimate the flux of low-salinity ice out of the Arctic basin into the marginal seas


J. L. Chern, R. R. Hsu, H. T. Su, S. B. Mende, H. Fukunishi, Y. Takahashi, L .C. Lee, "Global Survey of Transient Luminous Events by ROCSat-2 Satellite," Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 65, 2003, pp. 647– 659


Spectrometric calibration, Radiometric calibration


Within approximately 1 dB of the calibrated noise level of each pulse


Better routing of ships with substantial savings in operating costs


Search for antimatter, dark matter, other exotic matter, cosmic ray studies


Inversion of electrical connections, not detected through the different control steps and tests


Near diffraction-limited beam quality (M2 < 1.4)


Ambient electron density and temperature


5.0 dB for safe mode at 500 bit/s and 5.1 dB in nominal operations at 1 Mbit/s


CW (beacon) transmission and FM transmission


About three degrees above the stars’ orbital plane


Measure infrared radiation emitted by the Earth's middle atmosphere


Preparation of the exploitation of the Sentinel-2 mission for coral reefs


About 45 minutes before the tornado touched down


16-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)


Periodically tilts slightly toward Earth


Involve more school children in radio science


High luminosity and directed beams of photons


Survey the slot region and study radiation damage to instruments


Probe the obscured AGN activity, study the population of hard X-ray-emitting compact objects, study the non-thermal radiation in young supernova remnants, observe blazars


Phase shift keyed (PSK) and more general linear phase modulated (PM) signals, either spread or non-spread


Power supply, bias voltages, clock and video signals


6 special issues of journals plus dozens of papers


An increase in 30 kts (35 mph) in sustained winds over 24 hours


Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning


Ocean imagery and water leaving spectral radiance, Land surface imagery, Vegetation type, Fire fractional cover, Earth surface albedo, Land surface temperature, Land surface topography, Wind vector over sea surface (horizontal), Sea-ice cover, Snow cover, Soil moisture at the surface, Iceberg fractional cover, Sea-ice type, Glacier motion, Sea-ice sheet topography, Oil spill cover, Crustal Motion, Above Ground Biomass (AGB), Active Fire Detection, Snow melting status (wet/dry)


Improve the forecast of winds, waves, and the location of storms


Acquiring, processing, analyzing, archiving and distributing scientific data


Compensate for gain variations due to temperature inputs


Raw data to ground or processed on-board


Power, LRDL (Low Rate Data Link), HRDL (High Rate Data Link)


Sandwich construction with aluminum core and CFRP face skin


Extremely important due to the difficulty in obtaining information on the disaster in stricken areas


Monitoring the structural distortion before, during, and after deployment


Demonstrate and assess QWIP FPA uniformity, stability, and repeatability and responsivity in a space radiation environment


Dual-redundant GEC/Plessey Mil Std SOS 1750a microprocessor


Low noise figures and very good stability for excellent radiometric performance


Sea Surface Salinity - L-band BT sensitive to SSS


Linear polarization oriented at 45º or circular (LHCP or RHCP)


To demonstrate and to qualify a new vibration suppressing design by employing piezo materials


Provide hands-on education in space systems for NPS students, demonstrate COTS technology in a spacecraft architecture, provide a more capable platform for spaceflight experiments


GBR (GOES-R Re-Broadcast), S&R (Search & Rescue), DCS (Data Collection System), EMWIN (Emergency Managers Weather Information Network), and LRIT (Low Rate Information Transmission) communications


Cleanliness standards appropriate for optical payloads


Up to two times higher than previous estimates


L1 C/A tracking and semicodeless L2 P(Y) tracking


Regional (100s of km) and fine scales (< 1 km)


A single steady ion dispersion in the cusp may be evidence for a single steady reconnecting separator at the dayside magnetopause


Radiation budget, Multi-purpose imagery (land), Vegetation, Albedo and reflectance


Examined trade-offs for different ADR technologies, especially including flexible link capture systems


Single lens and two angles of view in the same track


Provide ‘ground truth’ data against which the navigation algorithms will be compared for validation and performance assessment


Aggregate telecommand and telemetry data into recognizable files and transport them end-to-end through the data networks


Initially estimated at 1 billion years, later estimate of about 120 million years


Mars Ascent Vehicle, Sample Transfer Arm, two sample recovery helicopters


Less than 1 percent of its maximum expected brightness


Different for each floor at right angles to the sensors


CSEM (Swiss Centre for Electronics and Microsystems)


Extend the lever arm of the tracking measurement


Repeat the formation maneuvers controlling the relative spacecraft position and attitude only with the thrusters


Other, Atmospheric chemistry, Data collection, Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders


Range measurement and transfer of data between the two S/C


Thin-film photovoltaic array, thin-film lithium-ion battery


Initial sun-synchronous elliptical orbit, altitude 643 x 450 km, inclination of 98.3º


Controls and monitors the payload of the satellite and many other subsystems


DRC and full-pol. observation simultaneously


Used for urine distillation, processing, and future use


≤20% over mission life, 18% over mission life


Eight spot beam directions for each beam


Separate horizontal and vertical polarization components


Telescopes that observe lower-energy X-ray light, such as XMM-Newton and NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory


88.75 kbit/s unencoded, 177.5 kbit/s encoded


Provide policy makers with observed and analyzed data on climate changes


Confirm the existence of the three planets


Process the video signals delivered by the FEEs : digitization on 12 bits, numerical processing, compression and image CCSDS packet generation


Varies by several counts over small spatial scales


Current varying among several fixed values is applied to a coil that generates a constant magnetic field for the three axes


Central-core system for the mission operation


Protect the instrument against dust particles


On-orbit storage until it transitions to operational service


Multi-day periods when it is only in view of that geography during local nighttime


Deploy the antenna and provide rigid support


Robust mechanical design based on fiber components


Worked well throughout the entire flight


Carry the crew to space, provide emergency abort capability, sustain the crew during the space travel, and provide safe reentry from deep space return velocities


Demonstrate the ability to perform operations in close proximity of the ICPS


Creates monthly ScanSAR mosaics for both polar regions and temporal changes for glacier movement


Operating in the visible spectrum with resolutions in the range of 2 to 60 meters


Solar flare warnings for communications and navigation


National Drought Mitigation Center at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL)


Nadir observations, sun-glint observations, and target observations


Measure the energy output from the sun and its interaction with the atmosphere


Provide high voltage supplies for both the SiPMs and Si-PIN sensors on the GRD and XRD respectively


Blocks black hole if viewed edge-on, allows detection if viewed face-on


Matches the IFOV of each detector element to the typical cloud-top area illuminated by a lightning stroke (i.e., in the order of about 10 km)


Thermal technique to measure the flow rate of gas


Nominal operation: 50 W (MPA operation in linear range)


Events such as storms, floods, fires and volcanic eruptions


Build a catalog of small, rocky planets on short orbits around very bright, nearby stars for atmospheric study by NASA's upcoming James Webb Space Telescope


Houses and transports NASA's astronauts during spaceflight missions


Capturing images of DSAT-3 from various distances and over large duration


Alternately in eclipsed and sunlight times


The perception of the elements in the environment within a volume of time and space, the comprehension of their meaning and the projection of their status in the near future


Technology demonstration Position, velocity and time inertial angular velocity determination


Two of the three diodes are in-line and operate in `coincidence'


Intense updrafts puncture the tropopause and airflow draws cirrus cloud tops into the stratosphere


Institute for Telecommunications in Portugal and the University of Stirling in Scotland


Global network of receiving stations linked to NOAA


Sea surface evaporation - Corrections for sea surface roughness


Dominated by the continent-ocean contrast


NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center (NSIDC DAAC)


Three temperature controlled CCD star cameras


2 S/C-based separation sensors and one LV-based separation sensor


3.2 arcsec control, 2.7 arcsec knowledge


Taking home a variety of critical space research


Space-ground communications, Command generation, Telemetry (TT&C) processing, Mission operations, Product monitoring


Equipped with a suite of filters, testing the match between the measured and the reference target model


Residual errors and offsets in the beam steering control loop and optics


Works best for long-duration, steady-state maneuvers


At a right angle to the polar beams expected in a standard pulsar model


Provide accurate estimation of GIOVE and GPS orbits and clocks


Mounted in front of one line of the MWIR array and on both lines of the TIR array


Demonstrate spaceborne hyperspectral imaging technologies


1 year for southern sky, 1 year for northern sky


Disaster and emergency response, environment, mapping, urban planning, landcover, geology, coastal zone monitoring, ecosystem, and water resource management


Tracking of the satellite, Telemetry operations, Command operations, Data processing operations


Integrate the sensors that allow for real-time measurement of calcium signaling


Advanced structural materials, radiation hardened computers, sensors, solar cells, vibration suppression on a cryogenic cooler, measurements of the ion and electron environment, spacecraft charging, and microelectronics


Miniature high-temperature MWIR (Mid-Wave Infrared) sensor


Once, twice, or three times every minute


66W (allocated), 34W (measured @ 30ºC) at 28V


Read surface temperatures of sea and land ice


Zero momentum 3-axis stabilized control with nadir pointing (5º)


Observation of the state of agricultural crops, assessment of hydrological conditions, forest and tundra fires, pollution monitoring


Relaxes the thermal stability requirements of the optical bench


Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics/Chinese Academy of Sciences (CIOMP/CAS)


Soil moisture - L band BT sensitive to soil moisture


Different telemetry packets delivered to various destinations based on onboard addressing decisions


Monitor and control the entire GATE system


AGU Fall Meeting 2003, San Francisco, CA, Dec. 8-12, 2003


Sprite continuous mode, sprite burst mode, auroral mode


Fraction decreases with increasing energy from 0.5 to 10 GeV


Atmospheric carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane


Command and data handling, Attitude determination and control, Electrical power


Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, a large part of Peru and the south of Brazil


High accuracy inertial pointing, target pointing and safe sun pointing


Times how long it takes light to travel to Earth’s surface and back


IM/DD (Intensity Modulation / Direct Detection)


Metal 3D printing (additive manufacturing)


3 years with a 5 year goal; 7 years of propellant available


Demonstrate a cross-link from LEO to MUOS WCDMA in GEO


Combines and encodes data streams, performs data rate adaptation


Collection of data on shortwave and longwave radiation


Mexico coastline, mountains, trees, ocean waves, seafloor


C-band SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imager


48 percent lower than the average for 1981-2010


Between vegetated and non-vegetated areas


Conical CM (Crew Module), and a cylindrical SM (Service Module)


Filter Wheel Assembly stepper motor, Front Door Assembly main motor, SHM (Shutter Mechanism)


Special care will have to be paid in the choice of the model, or in its accommodation


Star field camera and a gyro package in combination with a GPS (global positioning system) position determination


Atmospheric density, atomic oxygen density, and the level of deterioration of material samples


Extend the energy range of particle and nuclei measurements to the multi-TeV region


On the MetOp-A spacecraft of EUMETSAT (launch October 19, 2006)


Verify the acquisition, tracking and noise characteristics of all Galileo signals


Japanese Experiment Module's Exposed Facility


Realized it was the same object as this likely pulsar


Space Network (SN), Ground Network (GN), GPS


Uses launch vehicle orbital targeting and range safety planning processes to protect public safety from an errant launch vehicle during flight


AP (Avionics Package) which includes the data acquisition and control electronics, and the power conditioning systems


HH for medium swath, HH or VV for narrow swath


Steering about any or all of the three rotational axes


Atmospheric Temperature, Humidity and Ozone Profiles (Clear), Atmospheric Temperature and Humidity Profiles


AltBOC and CASM (Coherent Adaptive Subcarrier Modulation)


Radio, batteries, attitude control unit, solar panels


Cloud cover, surface temperature, vegetation, snow and ice


Halo orbit around the Lagrangian point L1


A little over four times larger than Earth


Maspalomas station, at the southern end of the largest island of the Canary Islands


NASA/MSFC (Marshall Space Flight Center) in Huntsville, Alabama


Allows study of previously unwanted light


CEASE will capture and downlink the full dose spectra from each dosimeter


Several kiloparsecs (or up 50,000 light-years) across


Based on the successful XMM-Newton pn-CCD technology


Cases with obstacles such as buildings, pedestrian overpasses and utility poles


OSVW across the wind speed range of 5 to 25 m/s


If the glint is massive, the image will be suppressed from further processing


Jointly executing the program between three agencies of different size with divergent objectives and different acquisition procedures


Small adjustments over the course of an observation


Powering, configuring, and reading pixel data from the imager


On the top and side exterior surface of the satellites


5 and 8 p.m. local time (04:00 to 07:00 Universal Time)


Output the relative state of the target spacecraft to be referenced in inertial coordinates


Enough to detect the most distant clusters of galaxies in the Universe


Anomaly in the second stage of the launch vehicle


BCT's (Blue Canyon Technologies) XACT attitude determination and control subsystem


Miniaturizing electronics while maintaining the performance of the high-resolution optics and keeping cost under control


To PIs (Principal Investigators) and users at AFRL and the NASA/POCC


Several times per hour to once every 24 hours


MPE (Max-Planck-Institute for extraterrestrial Physics), Garching, Germany


Slightly smaller to more than 1.6 times the size of Jupiter


Thermally isolated from the bottom plate


Propagating star centroids with a reasonable shape


Records experimental results, stores them locally, and then communicates those results to the spacecraft for download to the ground station


Spotlight, 3/6/10-m resolution stripmap, and ScanSAR


High-speed connectivity with a high degree of flexibility


Roll up in a canister and then unfurl once in space


Habitat mapping of coral reefs, Coral reef change detection, Bathymetry over coral reefs


Just a few meters from the 'minimum power pool'


Four years, with possible six-year extension


Middle East, southern Africa, and the western United States


The -X panel side is heavier than the +X panel side


1.5 K (3σ) radiation, 1.0 K (3σ), 10 ppm (3σ) spectrum, 5 ppm (3σ)


Simultaneously image receive aperture and steering mirror pivot plane onto the photodetector


Driven by the RAFS Flight Model 4 (RAFS FM4)


From 5.28 m at the zenith to 3.08 m near the horizon


Rises or falls more quickly in response to rain or pumping


Provide graduate students with early-career leadership roles in the project and system management roles


With the LEOSAR payloads on the various spacecraft in orbit


Precise locations of greenhouse gas emissions


Surface and internal temperatures during reentry, ablation rate of the shield's coating


Automatically point the lasers at the exact spot on the ground where the telescope is observing


Largest iceberg floating anywhere in the world


Study the salt content of ocean surface waters


PLC (Payload Controller) > RF and baseband subsystems > DCG (Digital Chirp Generator), the V and H receivers, the FG (Frequency Generator), Feeder SSPA (Solid‐State Power Amplifier), CAL (Calibration Switch Matrix) and four DACSs (Data Acquisition and Compression Subsystems)


Hemispherical tracking of the counter terminal


4 p-type MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effects Transistor) devices


44 channels from 6.21-11.76 µm (850-1610 cm -1 ) with 0.1296 µm interval


Spinning miniaturized ‘reaction wheels' at varying speeds


RWA (Reaction Wheel Assembly), IRU (Inertial Reference Unit), STT (Star Trackers), GPSR (GPS Receiver) and the control S/W


GOES 16 data from NOAA and the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)


Moved the LED target along a pre-programmed pattern


Enable element-level databases through the use of relational database clusters


10 times more accurate than any previous map


OS (Open Service), SoL (Safety-of-Life) service, CS (Commercial Service), PRS (Public Regulated Service)


Enabled for EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet) and X-ray monitoring


NASA’s Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships program


Record and store data from GPS experiments


Number of switches, several electronic devices, and interfaces to the Sparc processor with the relevant software loaded


Incorporates passive and active elements


Transmission spectrum, emission spectrum, albedo, phase function, clouds, winds


Coronagraphy, Formation Flying maneuver tests


From the magnetosheath flow along the newly opened magnetic field lines into the cusps


Thermal infrared region (TIR), water vapour absorption bands (WV), and in the visible range (VIS)


NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland


Cloud top height, cloud thickness, cloud optical depth


ISC (International Space Company) Kosmotras


Polarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectances


Remove iodine from water consumed by the crew during nominal operations


Performing a radiation census of this segment of space


Greater to accommodate future requirements


Receives the telemetry data demodulated at the ground station and provides the information for monitoring the status of the satellite to the operators


Hyperspectral imaging, experimental high-rate optical (laser) data transmissions


Monitoring (imaging) of reflected radiation of the Earth's surface and atmosphere (clouds)


Very near Xenon's liquid-vapor critical point


Receives and decodes command signals, communicates with instruments, edits temperature, voltage, and status, transmits telemetry signals


Not available during Formation Flying operation periods


Observe environmental changes to Earth’s atmosphere, with particular areas of focus being deforestation, reduction of the ozone layer and a wider study of global warming


CEOS network Tuz Gölü (Salt Lake) in Turkey


The sun each orbit with a two-axis gimbal


Objects outside our solar system, such as exploding stars and disks of hot gas accelerated by the gravity of massive black holes


SES, a Luxembourg-based satellite operator


High precision, long life space instruments


Measure from GEO the total lightning activity on a continuous basis over the Americas and portions of the adjoining oceans


Blowdown hydrazine, four 22 N thrusters and eight 4.5 N thrusters, 158 kg tank capacity


Maintains the same spot size regardless of variations in altitude (by up to a factor of 5) or to vary spot size at a given altitude


UHF, downlink data rate = 9.6 kbit/s VHF uplink data rate = 2.4 kbit/s FSK modulation


Measure the magnetic fluxes produced by Earth's magnetic field


Study how to better protect satellites in space


Experimental camera based on the stepped (Fresnel) lenses developed by the Samara University, and with a high-speed X-range transmitter


16 kbit/s with FEC (Forward Error Correction)


Conditioning the radar echoes prior to injecting them in the DGRs


Auto-exposure, high-speed compression of color imagery and static gray image, and sub-sampling methods


Double payload with 5G connection and end-to-end encryption device


Stars positioned on the same pixels on each orbit


Detect the telltale ripples in gravitational fields caused by the mergers of neutron stars, black holes, and supermassive black holes in space


15 October 2021, 24 November 2021, 13 January 2022


Provides the interface to the spacecraft and is responsible for MWI control


Latitudinal zones 56º - 70º N and 63º - 88º S


Quality control and consistency of feedstock material


Solar panels from DHV, antennas and CubeSat deployer from ISISpace, satellite structure from RIEDL AeroSpace, main NANOsky platform from SkyLabs


Detects moving targets in the differential data


V-slit sun/Earth sensors and analog sun sensors


Up to 10% of the lunar surface across all latitudes


30-second Mesoscale, 5-minute CONUS, 15-minute Full Disk


23 bands (380 - 830 nm), 18 channels with 10 nm bandwidth - 6 bands (1050 - 2215 nm) - 7 bands (3.715 - 11.95 µm)


Assess if orbital monitoring of plastic might be practical


GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) constellations


Track changes in the ionosphere’s temperature, density and composition


Log all packets in/out of control center


Digitization of the signals from the straw tubes


Each Aquarius instrument command activity, nominal or contingency, is verified using the Aquarius testbed


Geostationary orbit with visibility over central Europe


Perform proximity operations with the ICPS post-disposal and record imagery of engineering and historical significance — as well as of the Earth and moon


1 FD image, 3 CONUS and 30 Mesoscale images, every 15 minutes


The attitude-control system thereafter slowed the rate of tumbling until the satellite stabilized on three axes and began operating properly


Signal to noise ratio, linearity, saturation and uniformity of radiometric response


Throughout the lifetime of the experiment


NASA/MSFC (Marshall Space Flight Center)


Data transport errors correction in LEO satellite links


Earth-gravity (1g) and microgravity (µg)


Each MOSFET has a unique shield covering the sensitive device


Cloud Masks, Cloud Type, Cloud Top Temperature, Cloud Top Pressure, Cloud Optical Depth, Cloud Liquid Water, Cloud Particle Size Distribution, Aerosol Detection, Aerosol Optical Depth, Downward Longwave Radiation, Upward Longwave Radiation, Reflected Shortwave Radiation


1425 kg for the Sub-GTO (Sub Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit) of 284 km x 21,000 km


Geometric corrected image (the effects of world curvature and state angle are eliminated, image generated using the imaging geometry model without ground control points)


See at nighttime, in low light conditions and in bad weather


From 5-35 nm: 10 nm bins, From 35-115 nm: 40 nm bins, Lyman-α (121.6 nm): 10 nm (FWHM), 5-115 nm; 5 nm bins, 117-127 nm; 10 nm bin


12 bit CCD detector with TDI (Time Delay Integration) capability for Pan and MS


Derived Motion Winds, Lightning Detection, Rainfall Rate /QPE, Convective Initiation, Tropopause Folding Turbulence Prediction, Sea Surface Temperature (skin), Fire/Hot Spot Characterization, Land Surface (Skin) Temperature, Land Surface Emissivity, Snow Cover


Relay user data between LEO satellites, as well as UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) in the future, and ground stations


Daytime cloud imaging, snow and ice cover, severe weather onset detection, low-level cloud drift winds, fog, smoke, volcanic ash, flash flood analysis, hurricane analysis, winter storm analysis


Convert the current sources of the SiPMs into voltage


General Orbiter services, including power control, command, and telemetry


Atmospheric correction of turbid water, dissolved organic matter


In one of the most populated debris zones


Essential for managing agricultural crops and predicting their yields


Fly autonomously using a sophisticated onboard computer system


Monitor soil moisture and groundwater wetness


Study ionospheric plasma parameter variations which might be related to forthcoming earthquake analysis


Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk


Images of natural and human-made events on Earth


Several layers of metal-evaporated polyimide film


Primary control authority and reaction wheel desaturation at low orbital altitudes


From the time ICPS disposal maneuver is complete to up to 10 days after launch


Three bands in the visible (VIS) and thermal infrared (TIR) ranges


Precipitable water, winds speed, sea ice concentration, water vapor, cloud liquid water Measurements of precipitable water and sea surface wind speed (which will enhance the results of Aquarius measurements). Measurements of water vapor, cloud liquid water and sea ice concentration


Process Satellite Derived Bathymetry data, assess accuracy, and output as .BAG files


Most of the western hemisphere, including the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific tropical basins


75º W and 137º W (and possible 105º W for reduced operations)


739 Mbit/s (single pol.) 1478 Mbit/s (dual pol.) 556 Mbit/s (single pol.) 1112 Mbit/s (dual pol.) 564 Mbit/s 142 Mbit/s (single pol.) 284 Mbit/s (dual pol.)


To measure the IV curves of up to 47 new solar cell and coverglass technologies


Limits to some extent the optical performance with regard to maximum swath width, MTF degradation, and stray light problems


DSS (Digital 2-axis Sun Sensor), SSS (Spinning Sun Sensor), ST (Star Tracker)


During much of the second half of 2012 there were interruptions in the precise geodetic pointing, and some safe hold events


Measure the relative state of the target spacecraft


One wavelength and a perfect beam out to 15 decimal places of accuracy


Manages all peripheral instruments including the sensors and the actuators


Composition of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere


Measure the effect of protons on photodiodes and LEDs


Extend CALIPSO data record, Improve operational aerosol forecasting programs


Requires advanced guidance techniques for hops


Carbon/PEEK thermoplastic skinned Al honeycomb


Tracking, monitoring and control of satellites


Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)


Investigate how variations in gravity affect calcium signaling in germinating spores of the fern Ceratopteris richardii


LCT time synchronization, On-orbit propagator, LCT alignment matrix, LCT park and unpark, Ka-band antenna steering pause


Integrate/package P-PODs as secondary payloads


Geostationary orbit 22,236 miles above Earth


Extends from 290 km to 390 km to the right of the S/C ground track


Collected and focused by the telescope and auxiliary optics


Large-scale bubbles in the halo of the Milky Way


Disk images and limb scans, dayside: T and O/N2, nightside: O+ density, stellar occultations, full disk maps and limb scans with 30 minute cadence


Provide a focused subset of space environmental data


Enable short-term and long-term storage within the GS


Collection of data from the ground segment Collect environmental measured parameters (e.g. meteorological)


Limited to meet non-cooperative VBS constraints


Captured LPT housekeeping telemetry, displayed it, and forwarded UDP status packets to multiple systems with LabView graphical status displays


Liquid water in clouds and rain was mapped globally


Eight all-sky surveys for the next four years


Provide high-quality topographic measurements for estimating ice sheet volume change


Approximately 10 times greater than previous missions


Power blackout forecasts due to solar flares


Determine the location and timing of luminous phenomena above thunder clouds, obtain a global survey of upper atmospheric optical flash transients


FWHM (Full Width Half maximum), RMS (Root-Mean-of Squares)


10 m (VNIR), 20 m (SWIR), 60 m (3 bands)


FPGA, mass memory and some peripheral components


Nominal orbit activity, Formation flying demonstration maneuvers, Coronagraphy


Particularly across Africa and the Middle East


Star tracker calibration, estimate of optical sensor directional alignment and precise attitude determined value processing


LCT self-test, IOV with an OGS Optical Ground Station, IOV with LEO user satellite


I’ve heard rumours that you don’t have enough money for Worldview Legion


Provides global connectivity for Internet-of-Things devices


Raw image (image with compression and cryptographic analysis)


Space-facing port on the station’s Harmony module


Water vapour measurements proved to be at least as accurate as radiosondes


Glacier cover, motion, and topography; ice sheet and land surface topography; and sea-ice cover and type


Projected to reach one million by the end of 2010


Collect, store, and forward AIS messages globally


Measuring with high sensitivity the angle between two wavefronts in a laser interferometer


Unable to sense sample return capsule deceleration during atmospheric entry and initiate parachute deployments


Relays distress signals and detects alerts from beacon transmitters


Assess the collision risk to space missions from small-sized debris


IEN (Istituto Elettrotecnico Nazionale), Torino, Italy


Aircraft identification, position, altitude, and intent


Twelve solar cell sections in total on three solar panels


Performs the final signal processing for energy determination and time stamping


Scan mechanism assembly, telescope, aft optics, cooler assembly with cooled detectors, detector heads for un-cooled channels, preamplifiers, and view-port sunshade


International AMS Collaboration led by the MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)


Initially projected for a mission duration of three years


Raw 28±5 V battery voltage level to regulated ±5 V level


Provide precise characteristics of thousands of exoplanet systems


Reduced number of units, compact size, light weight and low cost


Simplified design with a back plane containing the interfaces between the individual slices


Coastal waters south of Point Arena, California


Develop a small, low-cost, low-power SEU and TD (Total Dose) RADMON using standard CMOS processes


Nominal activities related to the provision of the link service, management of payload configuration and maintenance activities


Discover many X-ray sources, including double stars and the remains of stellar explosions (supernovae). Rare objects such as isolated neutron stars


Alerts/warnings in terms of a series of ascending order flags, indicating the likelihood and severity of the forthcoming anomalies


Cloud screening, Atmospheric corrections, Geophysical variables retrieval algorithms


Dragon capsule on board the SpaceX CRS-14 resupply mission


Detect and reduce plastic pollution in the ocean


Detecting pulsation patterns in young, rapidly rotating stars


Zeiss 1 m ∅ Ritchey-Chrétien/Coudé telescope


MBAs (Multi-Beam Antennas) and APAAs (Active Phased Array Antennas)


In-space engineering testbed for future spaceborne laser altimeters, acquire samples of land topography and vegetation data, measure cloud and aerosol layers in the atmosphere


Provide data and products to the appropriate entities


More than 1630 kg of research, hardware and crew supplies


COBRA, a CMOS Space Qualified Detector Family


UV radiation from the Earth's atmosphere and ionosphere


Demonstrate formation flying technologies, obtain scientific results from a coronagraph science payload, including also dedicated rendezvous demonstration


Monolithic Sagnac interferometer, Fourier transform lens, cylindrical lens


Compares the magnetometer and sun vectors using a model of Earth's magnetic field and an astronomical almanac for sun position comparisons


Provide the appropriate references to ensure that the S/C follow the nominal trajectory profile for the RVX


Search the occurrence of a sharp peak inside each photometer waveform


Better sensitivity (factor 2) over a conventional Dicke-switched system


Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik der Universität Tübingen (IAAT); Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam (AIP); Dr.-Remeis-Sternwarte, Bamberg; Hamburger Sternwarte; Space Research Institute (IKI), Moscow; Roskosmos, Moscow; Kayser-Threde GmbH, Munich; Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen; MLT (Media Lario Technologies), Italy


Measure right ascension and declination at precise times by reference to known stars


Understand the radiation environment in the region of space around Earth


Continuous 1800 km swath, centred about nadir


Unload the kinetic momentum of the 3 RWs


Dual-frequency receiver and a directional antenna


By measuring the time between the outgoing and returning signal, and knowing the precise altitude of the satellite above ground


Slightly below the weight of the satellite


Sun-aligned stationkeeping is performed while the perigee is in eclipse and the VBS is used in cooperative mode


Embedding STM or Mass Thermal Dummies (MTD) units


Fuel use, satellite destruction cost, collision probability


Can directly measure both the height of the top of the melt pond and of the ice below


JPL Earth Orbiting Mission Operations Center


Generate and execute FOP to delete the commands from the on-board time-tag TC buffer


Causes a small but well-defined disturbance of the spacecraft attitude


Circular cylinder section with vertical axis passing through the entrance slit


Density, temperature, and winds of ions and neutrals


762 nm for sprite and 777 nm for lightning


PM configuration is technically simpler to operate with respect to the SCM one


Identical to the fluxes of the light primary helium, carbon and oxygen cosmic rays


Actel SmartFusion A2F500 system on a chip that includes a hard wired ARM Cortex M3 processor


Higher than two-dimensional interferometric radiometers


Assess where crops need less or more water


Neutral and ion density, temperature, wind and composition


2800-3700 Hz PRF (Pulse Repetition Frequency); 58-184 µs of data collection window


Equipment rotates around a central pivot and crops are watered with sprinklers


Improve the understanding on the global CO2 distribution and its contribution to the climate change, and also to monitor the CO2 variation on seasonal time scales


1 year science operation with an additional several months for maneuvering and decommissioning


UHF/VHF high-gain cross Yagi-Uda antennas


Provide essential knowledge about surrounding space


MWIR (Mid-Wave Infrared)/TIR (Thermal Infrared)


Performs precision attitude determination


Observe regional lightning activity in China


Uncooled infrared array detector (microbolometer)


Ambient electron density and temperatures, ambient ion density, average ion temperature and molecular weight


Achieve low thermal noise and high beam pointing stability


DNSC (Danish National Space Center), DTU Space


Multiple ion dispersions observed within a single spacecraft pass through the cusp have been provided as evidence for pulsed magnetopause reconnection


150±15 µm for the first plane, and 380±15 µm for the remaining 15 planes


Used for cloud discrimination except thin cirrus


Urban lights, electric storms, polar regions, snow cover Measurements of light intensity (urban areas, detection of electric storms, snow coverage, detection of fishing boats and aurora studies)


Five sides of the nanosatellite, sun-facing -Z surface of the spacecraft


DC Power and a 1553 interface with the BMU (Bus Management Unit) of the spacecraft


Smallest change in range correction versus velocity aberration occurs at 1.0 inches


Dual-redundant 128 kBytes SOS RAM, 64 kBytes ROM


Make in-flight modifications to the MEXIC software


3 years for prime plus 2 for extended mission


To map the radiation environment of GTO with high temporal and spatial resolution at post-solar minimum conditions


Understand the physical processes that govern the quiescent solar corona and determine space weather


Three beams: 76 km x 94 km, 84 km x 120 km, 96 km x 156 km


Constructed to cover the field of view of FLLS


Makes the outgoing beam parallel to the incoming beam


Telecommand and telemetry security layer software integrated into the primary STRV TM/TC processor workstation


Low temperature and a FOV (Field of View) without any sun parasitic illumination


Provide educational opportunities with academic engagement for students on an actual aerospace system


Measurement of the infrared brightness temperature of cloud tops as well as the Earth's surface


Study of the CCDs procurement was issued by ESA


Same amount of energy as our sun does in 3.5 years in one second


Using a narrowband interference filter centered on a strong optical emission line (e.g., OI at 777.4 nm) in the lightning spectrum


Permits study of diurnal (day to night) changes due to the effects of aerosols and clouds in the atmosphere


Catadioptric Schmidt optical system (telescope)


SENER Aeroespacial facility in Bilbao (Spain)


SAR imagery and eventually also optical imagery


5 out of 6 redundancy concept is applied for the RXMs and DGRs


Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida


Non-linear rotation of the camera to compensate for the ISS orbital motion


Uses an adaptive nonparametric CFAR detection scheme that does not involve the theoretical modeling of clutter statistics


Satellite pointing requires knowing the orbit position


Future RMS (Remote Manipulator System) of JEM (Japanese Experiment Module) on ISS


In-space assessment of fiducials (decals) with unique patterns that enhance machine vision algorithms and aid in autonomous rendezvous and tool positioning


Atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders


ORDEM 3 predicted 0.2 features of 0.3 mm and greater diameter


Infrared imaging without external cooling


Effects of cosmic radiation in electronic devices, distribution of micro-particles and space debris Measure the high-energy radiation environment (ICARE). Measure the size distribution of micro- particles and space debris (SODAD)


Provides a large number of general-purpose interface ports, analog sampling, isolated power conversion, and expanded memory management capability


1,000 times more than the maximum thought possible for an accreting neutron star


Measurement of the so-called transit signal


High-resolution optical reconnaissance and Earth observation


4 days of operation and 10 days of standby


CubeSat development and de-orbit technology development


Degrade air quality, cause breathing and lung problems, contribute to heart disease and cancer


Measure distance variations between remote spacecraft


50-100 thousand galaxy clusters and groups


Receives the acquisition requests from end-users via Order Handling and Distribution System and plans the acquisition planning


Demonstrate navigation in deep space using innovative plasma thrusters


350 km in front of and behind the Sentinel-1 satellite


Lower rates of snowfall compared to the long-term average in 2019


To map the ionospheric electron densities in the satellite's orbital plane and to study the evolution of 1-100 km sized low latitude irregularities using radio/optical tomography techniques


ESA, Airbus DS, DLR, 50 companies in 13 European countries


Perpendicular to the azimuth rotation axis


1024 visible channels in the range of 0.753 - 0.784 µm


Communication with the ground, controls the solar panels, distributes power to the various components, and provides attitude control


Integrates the satellite image data with other data sources and provides the analyzed data


Completely encompass the broad 3 µm band resulting from absorption by water in the solid and vapor states


Space-borne determination of surface elevation


Below 1,600 km, which only represents 25 minutes of the 19.3-hour orbital period


Up to two orders of magnitude better than speckle tracking


Alignment of two formation-flying satellites


Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD


Not during eclipses, when large shadows are cast on the CSC, or in the case specular reflections on the CSC cause the sunlight to mirror back to the OSC


Non-volatile flash file-system consisting of two SD cards


Analogue techniques, incorporating optical lenses and photographic film


Observe the natural upward lightning discharge phenomena toward the ionosphere on top of the troposphere


About 2.2 t in a reference 700 km polar orbit


Open release of all data to all interested scientists and engineers


150 mm side with an overall height of 250 mm


Directs the laser at the ground below and has fine control over where the laser is pointing


3.3 kW with 3/5 aperture in Spotlight and Ultra-fine mode 6.1 kW with full aperture in High-sensitive, Fine and ScanSAR mode


About half the volume of a typical shoe box


Provision of satellite connectivity to “internet-of-things” (IOT) devices


15 Countries, 44 Institutes and 600 Physicists


M. Gubarev, B. Ramsey, S. L. O’Dell, R. Elsner, K. Kilaru, J. McCracken, M. Pavlinsky, A. Tkachenko, I. Lapshov


Imagery, sounding, lightning mapping, and space environment monitoring


8 bit microprocessor with 12 bit ADC, 3.6-4.2 V, input rail 250-1000 mA


Expected to discover new supernova remnants in its X-ray data over the next few years


TU Delft (Delft University of Technology)


Capture X-ray light from regions near a supermassive black hole


Planning field interventions to stop illegal deforestation in progress in the Amazon basin


Collision risk detection, metrology data validity assessment, self-assessment of estimated position and velocity covariance, state estimation validity, navigation using alternative metrology, relative attitude computation, ancillary absolute orbit processing


Geostationary orbit of 35,786 km above Earth


Great for positional location and relative distance from one feature to another


Cross-sectional drag increase of the spacecraft by unfolding a triangular sail on two deployed booms


Real-time, real-time stretch mode, record, and playback


Determine if exposure of the HIP sensor to the complex spectrum of incident radiation might result in increased sensitivity


Spacecraft health and safety information (engineering telemetry) and raw instrument data


Highly elliptical Earth orbit, 600 km x 60,524 km


Position, velocity and time determination, inertial angular velocity


3-axis stabilized with RWA's, Zero Momentum Biased (ZMB)


Northrop Grumman, NASA’s Ames Research Center, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory, Space Telescope Science Institute


Measure the change in the mass of water across the planet


Update classical understanding of subglacial lakes in Antarctica


Monitor, report, and enable an operator response to anomalous conditions


Trigger a CAM (Collision Avoidance Maneuver) in case of imminent risk of collision


Detect highest-energy X-ray light in great detail


Relying on stored power for burn maneuvers


1.75 for all channels except WV, 3.5 for WV channel


SDSC (Satish Dhawan Space Centre), Sriharikota, India


Control the Externally Occulted Solar Coronagraph Instrument


Four aluminum sandwich “trays” assembled and kept together by four aluminum columns


Can alternate between H and V on alternate pulses


Silicon photoconductive diode, HgCdTe photoconductive detector, PMT detector


Transition from acquisition or safe-hold mode (MAS) to normal mode (MNO)


Reduce the estimation error on the sub-continental scale to half compared with the one estimated using only ground observation data, Estimate the monthly net fluxes with the accuracy of ±100%


South Atlantic Anomaly and Van Allen Belts' High-Latitude Zones


0.5 MHz in the 24 GHz channel, and by 0.67 MHz in the 32 GHz channel


Calculate the orbit of the satellite with high accuracy


Parallelize activities and reduce the lead time


Assess methane emissions at every stage in the U.S. oil and gas supply chain


Tissue on a chip and protein crystal growth


Sending pulses of light to Earth’s surface and measuring how long it takes individual photons to return to the satellite


New fundamental insights into the changing mass distribution


Fixed solar panels along with a 30 Wh battery


Detects targets with a high probability of detection while allowing a rather large number of false alarms


128 horn antennas, 128 high power amplifiers (HPAs), and a beam forming network (BFN) with 256 digital phase shifters (PSs)


Occurrence when a planet passes in front of a star


Continue the CALIPSO aerosol and cloud profile data record


HH Remote Interface Unit (HRIU), LEP (Lower End Plate) electronics


Looks for dark matter, antimatter and measures cosmic rays


Kodiak Launch Complex on Kodiak Island, Alaska


Cal Poly State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA