Context: Document [1](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) ex-partner and Althea's ex-lover (Michael Warren from "Hill Street Blues") coming to visit for a reunion that no one would ever forget; Chief Gillespie's having to face his own bigoted past when he arrests a close friend (played by Ed Ames) (who is also the sheriff of the neighboring county) for committing a racially motivated murder; Bubba's getting caught up in a murderous love triangle; Althea's niece "Nicole" visiting, and with new friend "Bobby Skinner" (Bubba's nephew) stumbling upon criminal malfeasance in the episode "City Mouse Country Mouse". Mary Crosby and Judith Chapman stir up trouble when the sisters are

Context: Document [2](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) real father. At the end of the episode, Lana finds out that Bill is her real father but does not want to have anything to do with him because of his nonexistence in her life for 20 years. This hurts Bill deeply, and he has a hard time dealing with it. Other story lines include a taxidermist who is obsessed with a schoolteacher, a game of high-stakes poker that ends in murder, Bubba's finding out that Sheriff McComb's deputy is growing pot on the side, Sweet's finding out the truth about the murder of his grandfather in 1948 (a story

Context: Document [3](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) Tibbs and assists on three of the Sparta PD's cases after having moved into Ben Taylor's law office. Other cases involve a friend of Bubba Skinner's being given the AIDS virus from a lover who knew he had it, a nine-year-old little girl being killed because of a drunk driver (Hagman-directed), a young inter-racial couple being stalked by a white supremacist (Brent Lunay), first seen in the episode "Odessa", written by Denise Nicholas. Other cases include Parker's being accused of police brutality, and the return of Daddy Roy and Miz Rhoda. Both Anne Meara and Jerry Stiller make special guest

Context: Document [4](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) for Megan Fowler (the girlfriend) and Lyle Ridley (the older married man) and fatally shoots Lyle while he and Megan are chasing each other outside the cabin that belongs to Lyle Ridley and his wife. Parker and Dee suffer the dreaded task of traveling to the Ridley residence to tell Mrs. Ridley that her husband was shot at their lake home and that he was with a 17-year-old girl. Other highlights this season included the return of Luanne's brother (played by "Designing Women"s Meshach Taylor), a faded country music singer (played by Robert Goulet) who ends up committing murder; the

Context: Document [5](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) by the music teacher at Sparta High School. It was also revealed that Parker was a Vietnam veteran. Dee Shaw joined the cast as officer Dee Sheppard. In plot lines, Parker almost crosses the line between police ethics and love when he falls for Kate Morell and her daughter J.C.; a former boxer that used to run for the mob tries to blackmail them. The chief tries unsuccessfully to save him, telling Althea, "The FBI wants to buy what King Baylor knows before the mob kills him and the mob wants him dead before the FBI can buy him. It's

Context: Document [6](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) reconciliation between Gillespie and his estranged daughter Lana, Bubba's being stalked by an obsessed admirer; Sweet's being falsely accused of accepting a bribe; and a two-part episode directed by Larry Hagman involving the white supremacy that still exists in the new South. In a two-part episode written by O'Connor and Cynthia Deming, titled "Even Nice People" and "Lake Winahatchie", the mob, led by their real estate connection Lewis Alvin Epp, tries to force Lana off her farmland, first by trying to buy it and then by torching it so that they can build the "Sparta South Development". Burgess Meredith (in

Context: Document [7](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) character actors and actresses have made guest appearances, and others were newcomers who went on to become well-known. Some of those appearing in "The Heat of the Night" episodes were: Ed Ames, Frances Fisher, Rod Masterson, Mel Stewart, Denzel Washington, Nana Visitor, Gail O'Grady, Peter Fonda, Don Galloway, Corbin Bernsen, Dana Barron, Marco St. John, Larry Black, Ted Lange, Mickey Jones, Mitchell Laurance, Laura Johnson, Jordan Vaughn, Martha Byrne, Walton Goggins, Maury Covington, Earl Holliman, Michael Beck, Randy Brooks, Wayne Brady, Art Evans, Nicolas Cowan, Lou Walker, Alan Arbus, Robert Goulet, Bobby Short, Iman, William Sadler, Michael Spound, Bill McKinney,

Context: Document [8](Title: Brad Leland) and directing. After graduating from college, Leland moved to Dallas where he worked in local theatre and found an agent. He also got a part in one episode of the TV series "Dallas" and in an episode of "In the Heat of the Night". He later appeared in seven episodes of the TV series "Walker, Texas Ranger", in the 2003 "Texas Chain Saw Massacre" remake and as an executive in the film "Hancock". His most visible roles, though, are that of football booster John Aubrey in the film "Friday Night Lights" and the similar character, Buddy Garrity, in the TV

Context: Document [9](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) played by legendary actress Stella Stevens. Georgia Farren asks Bill to help her put some of her affairs in order and to keep all of her "boyfriends" as well as her ex-husband away from her assets, which she intends to leave to Lana. Bill immediately puts Ted Marcus on the case to assist Lana in obtaining the property meant to be given to her by her mother. In the meantime, Georgia returns to Gulfport and is murdered. The chief takes this very personally and sets out to find her killer, Ken Farren, who evidently learns that Bill Gillespie is Lana's

Context: Document [10](Title: Sweet, Sweet Blues) Sweet, Sweet Blues "Sweet, Sweet Blues" is an award winning episode of the NBC drama series "In the Heat of the Night", starring Carroll O'Connor as Chief Bill Gillespie and Howard Rollins as Detective Virgil Tibbs."In the Heat of the Night" was based on the 1965 novel by John Ball, which was also the basis for the Academy Award winning film of the same name starring Rod Steiger and Sidney Poitier, directed by Norman Jewison. Directed by Vincent McEveety ("Firecreek") and written by William James Royce, the episode guest stars musician Bobby Short as bluesman Chester "Cat" Collins and actor

Context: Document [11](Title: Bubba Ho-Tep) Bubba Ho-Tep Bubba Ho-Tep is a 2002 American comedy horror film written, co-produced and directed by Don Coscarelli. It stars Bruce Campbell as Elvis Presley—now a resident in a nursing home. The film also stars Ossie Davis as Jack, a black man who claims to be John F. Kennedy, explaining that he was patched up after the assassination, dyed black, and abandoned. It is based on novella of the same name by Joe R. Lansdale, which originally appeared in the anthology "The King Is Dead: Tales of Elvis Post-Mortem". Originally the film was "roadshowed" by the director across the country.

Context: Document [12](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) which he does not tell her about. She is worried that her children will grow up without their father. She begs him to try something different. Chief Gillespie burns up the wires to get Virgil on his way to law school, and Althea apologizes for not being more understanding as she, Virgil, and Chief Gillespie share a glass of wine together. The fifth season begins with the revelation that Chief Gillespie has a daughter by the name of Lana Farren, played by Christine Elise (formerly of "Beverly Hills, 90210"). The chief is now good friends with her mother, Georgia Farren,

Context: Document [13](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) the knot at the same sanctuary involved in the sanctuary case from season five. Father DiMarco has since died, but the new Monk agrees to marry them. Chief Forbes serves as best man. In the meantime, a newspaper misprint makes Gillespie the target of an escaped killer from Texas whose father Sheriff McComb sent to death row. His son is now seeking revenge. The season and the TV series wraps up with the two-hour movie of the week, "Give Me Your Life", starring Peter Fonda as Appfel. The story (by O'Connor and written by Cynthia Deming & William J Royce)

Context: Document [14](Title: Warren Oates) Devil" (1975) and "92 in the Shade" (1975). While making a guest appearance on a segment of the Western television series "Dundee and the Culhane", Oates managed to steal the show with his off-camera antics and bloopers that had everyone on the set rolling. After a long day of filming, he headed over and set his footprints in cement along with all the other stars who appeared at Apacheland Movie Ranch. It was during this time that "In the Heat of the Night" was a blockbuster summer movie. Oates played Officer Sam Wood, a peeping-tom policeman and possible killer in

Context: Document [15](Title: Alan Autry) Carlos Alan Autry Jr. (also known for a period of time as Carlos Brown; born July 31, 1952), is an American actor, politician, and former National Football League player. During his brief football career, he was known as Carlos Brown. He played the role of Captain Bubba Skinner on the NBC television series, In the Heat of the Night, starring Carroll O'Connor. He has also appeared in films and other television shows. In November 2000, he was elected mayor of Fresno, California, and served for two four-year terms through January 2009. In 2008, Autry was hosting a radio news talk

Context: Document [16](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) District Attorney Darnell, who feels the prisoner is being treated in a privileged status due to his disability. Meanwhile, Chief Forbes is escorted on a driving tour of Sparta by Bubba Skinner and Officer Covey. Forbes gets to see both the finest street in town, along which Bubba indicates that he has solved many major crimes, as well as "The Bottoms". Chief Forbes soon realizes that Sparta is no different from Memphis, and he and Gillespie will need to work together to keep the town safe from the criminal elements. Howard Rollins returns in his new capacity as attorney Virgil

Context: Document [17](Title: Dennis Burkley) credits, he established himself as a talent in the 1970s with appearances on "Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman", "Maude", BJ and the Bear, The Misadventures of Sheriff Lobo and "the Rockford Files." In the 80s, he came into his own as an actor with high profile roles as Sonny Crockett on "Hill Street Blues" and another memorable role as Cal, the Texas-born junkyard partner of Fred G. Sanford in "Sanford", the short-lived "Sanford and Son" sequel from 1980-1981. He played a cannibal on an episode of "Night Court". He appeared as Bubba in the TV series "The Dukes of Hazzard" in

Context: Document [18](Title: Ed Grady) as well as a string of series including "In the Heat of the Night", "I'll Fly Away", "Matlock", and "Dawson's Creek", in which he had a recurring role as Gramps Ryan. Grady's theater roles included three seasons at "Unto These Hills", an outdoor Cherokee historical drama staged in Cherokee, North Carolina. Grady portrayed Drowning Bear in the play, which follows the story of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. In addition to acting, Grady taught television production and English at Freedom High School in Morganton, North Carolina, during the 1970s and Keenan High School in Columbia, South Carolina. He was

Context: Document [19](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) of the cast members had homes in the area and were often spotted in local restaurants and retail stores. The cast members would also go around to local schools to speak to students. The theme song, "In the Heat of the Night," was recorded by Quincy Jones, and is usually paired with "They Call Me Mr. Tibbs" on albums. Bill Champlin of the band Chicago sang the opening theme song for the television series. Randall Franks and Alan Autry co-produced the cast CD "Christmas Time's A Comin'" for Sonlite and MGM/UA featuring the entire cast and a host of music

Context: Document [20](Title: Carroll O'Connor) on CBS in that show's last three seasons. While coping with his son's drug problem, O'Connor starred as Sparta, Mississippi, Police Chief Bill Gillespie, a tough veteran cop on "In the Heat of the Night". Based on the 1967 movie of the same name, the series debuted on NBC in March 1988 and performed well. He cast his son Hugh O'Connor as Officer Lonnie Jamison. The headquarters of the Sparta Police Department was actually the library in Covington, Georgia. Much like O'Connor himself, Gillespie was racially progressive and politically liberal, but the character of Bill Gillespie was also a smart

Question: who played bubba in the heat of the night?

Answer: Carlos Alan Autry Jr.


Context: Document [1](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) ex-partner and Althea's ex-lover (Michael Warren from "Hill Street Blues") coming to visit for a reunion that no one would ever forget; Chief Gillespie's having to face his own bigoted past when he arrests a close friend (played by Ed Ames) (who is also the sheriff of the neighboring county) for committing a racially motivated murder; Bubba's getting caught up in a murderous love triangle; Althea's niece "Nicole" visiting, and with new friend "Bobby Skinner" (Bubba's nephew) stumbling upon criminal malfeasance in the episode "City Mouse Country Mouse". Mary Crosby and Judith Chapman stir up trouble when the sisters are

Context: Document [2](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) real father. At the end of the episode, Lana finds out that Bill is her real father but does not want to have anything to do with him because of his nonexistence in her life for 20 years. This hurts Bill deeply, and he has a hard time dealing with it. Other story lines include a taxidermist who is obsessed with a schoolteacher, a game of high-stakes poker that ends in murder, Bubba's finding out that Sheriff McComb's deputy is growing pot on the side, Sweet's finding out the truth about the murder of his grandfather in 1948 (a story

Context: Document [3](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) Tibbs and assists on three of the Sparta PD's cases after having moved into Ben Taylor's law office. Other cases involve a friend of Bubba Skinner's being given the AIDS virus from a lover who knew he had it, a nine-year-old little girl being killed because of a drunk driver (Hagman-directed), a young inter-racial couple being stalked by a white supremacist (Brent Lunay), first seen in the episode "Odessa", written by Denise Nicholas. Other cases include Parker's being accused of police brutality, and the return of Daddy Roy and Miz Rhoda. Both Anne Meara and Jerry Stiller make special guest

Context: Document [4](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) for Megan Fowler (the girlfriend) and Lyle Ridley (the older married man) and fatally shoots Lyle while he and Megan are chasing each other outside the cabin that belongs to Lyle Ridley and his wife. Parker and Dee suffer the dreaded task of traveling to the Ridley residence to tell Mrs. Ridley that her husband was shot at their lake home and that he was with a 17-year-old girl. Other highlights this season included the return of Luanne's brother (played by "Designing Women"s Meshach Taylor), a faded country music singer (played by Robert Goulet) who ends up committing murder; the

Context: Document [5](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) by the music teacher at Sparta High School. It was also revealed that Parker was a Vietnam veteran. Dee Shaw joined the cast as officer Dee Sheppard. In plot lines, Parker almost crosses the line between police ethics and love when he falls for Kate Morell and her daughter J.C.; a former boxer that used to run for the mob tries to blackmail them. The chief tries unsuccessfully to save him, telling Althea, "The FBI wants to buy what King Baylor knows before the mob kills him and the mob wants him dead before the FBI can buy him. It's

Context: Document [6](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) reconciliation between Gillespie and his estranged daughter Lana, Bubba's being stalked by an obsessed admirer; Sweet's being falsely accused of accepting a bribe; and a two-part episode directed by Larry Hagman involving the white supremacy that still exists in the new South. In a two-part episode written by O'Connor and Cynthia Deming, titled "Even Nice People" and "Lake Winahatchie", the mob, led by their real estate connection Lewis Alvin Epp, tries to force Lana off her farmland, first by trying to buy it and then by torching it so that they can build the "Sparta South Development". Burgess Meredith (in

Context: Document [7](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) character actors and actresses have made guest appearances, and others were newcomers who went on to become well-known. Some of those appearing in "The Heat of the Night" episodes were: Ed Ames, Frances Fisher, Rod Masterson, Mel Stewart, Denzel Washington, Nana Visitor, Gail O'Grady, Peter Fonda, Don Galloway, Corbin Bernsen, Dana Barron, Marco St. John, Larry Black, Ted Lange, Mickey Jones, Mitchell Laurance, Laura Johnson, Jordan Vaughn, Martha Byrne, Walton Goggins, Maury Covington, Earl Holliman, Michael Beck, Randy Brooks, Wayne Brady, Art Evans, Nicolas Cowan, Lou Walker, Alan Arbus, Robert Goulet, Bobby Short, Iman, William Sadler, Michael Spound, Bill McKinney,

Context: Document [8](Title: Brad Leland) and directing. After graduating from college, Leland moved to Dallas where he worked in local theatre and found an agent. He also got a part in one episode of the TV series "Dallas" and in an episode of "In the Heat of the Night". He later appeared in seven episodes of the TV series "Walker, Texas Ranger", in the 2003 "Texas Chain Saw Massacre" remake and as an executive in the film "Hancock". His most visible roles, though, are that of football booster John Aubrey in the film "Friday Night Lights" and the similar character, Buddy Garrity, in the TV

Context: Document [9](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) played by legendary actress Stella Stevens. Georgia Farren asks Bill to help her put some of her affairs in order and to keep all of her "boyfriends" as well as her ex-husband away from her assets, which she intends to leave to Lana. Bill immediately puts Ted Marcus on the case to assist Lana in obtaining the property meant to be given to her by her mother. In the meantime, Georgia returns to Gulfport and is murdered. The chief takes this very personally and sets out to find her killer, Ken Farren, who evidently learns that Bill Gillespie is Lana's

Context: Document [10](Title: Sweet, Sweet Blues) Sweet, Sweet Blues "Sweet, Sweet Blues" is an award winning episode of the NBC drama series "In the Heat of the Night", starring Carroll O'Connor as Chief Bill Gillespie and Howard Rollins as Detective Virgil Tibbs."In the Heat of the Night" was based on the 1965 novel by John Ball, which was also the basis for the Academy Award winning film of the same name starring Rod Steiger and Sidney Poitier, directed by Norman Jewison. Directed by Vincent McEveety ("Firecreek") and written by William James Royce, the episode guest stars musician Bobby Short as bluesman Chester "Cat" Collins and actor

Context: Document [11](Title: Bubba Ho-Tep) Bubba Ho-Tep Bubba Ho-Tep is a 2002 American comedy horror film written, co-produced and directed by Don Coscarelli. It stars Bruce Campbell as Elvis Presley—now a resident in a nursing home. The film also stars Ossie Davis as Jack, a black man who claims to be John F. Kennedy, explaining that he was patched up after the assassination, dyed black, and abandoned. It is based on novella of the same name by Joe R. Lansdale, which originally appeared in the anthology "The King Is Dead: Tales of Elvis Post-Mortem". Originally the film was "roadshowed" by the director across the country.

Context: Document [12](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) which he does not tell her about. She is worried that her children will grow up without their father. She begs him to try something different. Chief Gillespie burns up the wires to get Virgil on his way to law school, and Althea apologizes for not being more understanding as she, Virgil, and Chief Gillespie share a glass of wine together. The fifth season begins with the revelation that Chief Gillespie has a daughter by the name of Lana Farren, played by Christine Elise (formerly of "Beverly Hills, 90210"). The chief is now good friends with her mother, Georgia Farren,

Context: Document [13](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) the knot at the same sanctuary involved in the sanctuary case from season five. Father DiMarco has since died, but the new Monk agrees to marry them. Chief Forbes serves as best man. In the meantime, a newspaper misprint makes Gillespie the target of an escaped killer from Texas whose father Sheriff McComb sent to death row. His son is now seeking revenge. The season and the TV series wraps up with the two-hour movie of the week, "Give Me Your Life", starring Peter Fonda as Appfel. The story (by O'Connor and written by Cynthia Deming & William J Royce)

Context: Document [14](Title: Warren Oates) Devil" (1975) and "92 in the Shade" (1975). While making a guest appearance on a segment of the Western television series "Dundee and the Culhane", Oates managed to steal the show with his off-camera antics and bloopers that had everyone on the set rolling. After a long day of filming, he headed over and set his footprints in cement along with all the other stars who appeared at Apacheland Movie Ranch. It was during this time that "In the Heat of the Night" was a blockbuster summer movie. Oates played Officer Sam Wood, a peeping-tom policeman and possible killer in

Context: Document [15](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) District Attorney Darnell, who feels the prisoner is being treated in a privileged status due to his disability. Meanwhile, Chief Forbes is escorted on a driving tour of Sparta by Bubba Skinner and Officer Covey. Forbes gets to see both the finest street in town, along which Bubba indicates that he has solved many major crimes, as well as "The Bottoms". Chief Forbes soon realizes that Sparta is no different from Memphis, and he and Gillespie will need to work together to keep the town safe from the criminal elements. Howard Rollins returns in his new capacity as attorney Virgil

Context: Document [16](Title: Dennis Burkley) credits, he established himself as a talent in the 1970s with appearances on "Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman", "Maude", BJ and the Bear, The Misadventures of Sheriff Lobo and "the Rockford Files." In the 80s, he came into his own as an actor with high profile roles as Sonny Crockett on "Hill Street Blues" and another memorable role as Cal, the Texas-born junkyard partner of Fred G. Sanford in "Sanford", the short-lived "Sanford and Son" sequel from 1980-1981. He played a cannibal on an episode of "Night Court". He appeared as Bubba in the TV series "The Dukes of Hazzard" in

Context: Document [17](Title: Ed Grady) as well as a string of series including "In the Heat of the Night", "I'll Fly Away", "Matlock", and "Dawson's Creek", in which he had a recurring role as Gramps Ryan. Grady's theater roles included three seasons at "Unto These Hills", an outdoor Cherokee historical drama staged in Cherokee, North Carolina. Grady portrayed Drowning Bear in the play, which follows the story of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. In addition to acting, Grady taught television production and English at Freedom High School in Morganton, North Carolina, during the 1970s and Keenan High School in Columbia, South Carolina. He was

Context: Document [18](Title: In the Heat of the Night (TV series)) of the cast members had homes in the area and were often spotted in local restaurants and retail stores. The cast members would also go around to local schools to speak to students. The theme song, "In the Heat of the Night," was recorded by Quincy Jones, and is usually paired with "They Call Me Mr. Tibbs" on albums. Bill Champlin of the band Chicago sang the opening theme song for the television series. Randall Franks and Alan Autry co-produced the cast CD "Christmas Time's A Comin'" for Sonlite and MGM/UA featuring the entire cast and a host of music

Context: Document [19](Title: Carroll O'Connor) on CBS in that show's last three seasons. While coping with his son's drug problem, O'Connor starred as Sparta, Mississippi, Police Chief Bill Gillespie, a tough veteran cop on "In the Heat of the Night". Based on the 1967 movie of the same name, the series debuted on NBC in March 1988 and performed well. He cast his son Hugh O'Connor as Officer Lonnie Jamison. The headquarters of the Sparta Police Department was actually the library in Covington, Georgia. Much like O'Connor himself, Gillespie was racially progressive and politically liberal, but the character of Bill Gillespie was also a smart

Context: Document [20](Title: Alan Autry) Carlos Alan Autry Jr. (also known for a period of time as Carlos Brown; born July 31, 1952), is an American actor, politician, and former National Football League player. During his brief football career, he was known as Carlos Brown. He played the role of Captain Bubba Skinner on the NBC television series, In the Heat of the Night, starring Carroll O'Connor. He has also appeared in films and other television shows. In November 2000, he was elected mayor of Fresno, California, and served for two four-year terms through January 2009. In 2008, Autry was hosting a radio news talk

Question: who played bubba in the heat of the night?

Answer: Carlos Alan Autry Jr.


Context: Document [1](Title: Coinage of India) The Gupta Empire produced large numbers of gold coins depicting the Gupta kings performing various rituals, as well as silver coins clearly influenced by those of the earlier Western Satraps by Chandragupta II.

Context: Document [2](Title: Alupa dynasty) three dynasties that issued gold coins as early as 8th century CE. The gold that used to mint coins came from trade with the Romans, Arabs and from the adjacent kingdom of Gangas. No other ancient dynasties of the south have issued that many varieties of gold coins as Alupas and Gangas did. The coins of both Gangas and Alupas have inscriptions that helps in dating the period of issue. Unfortunately these coins have not drawn much attention compared to that of Chalukyas or Hoysals. But for sure, they have inspired later dynasties as a prototype or basis to issue

Context: Document [3](Title: Maldivian rufiyaa) city of Malé, a fact which it acknowledged on the reverse. The legend "King of Land and Sea, Iskandhar the Great" () is found on the edge. After this period, gold coins replaced the existing silver ones during the reign of Sultan Hassan Nooruddin in 1787. He used two different qualities of gold in his coins; one was called Mohoree and the other Baimohoree, of which the former is of higher value. How this gold was obtained is uncertain. Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, bronze coins were issued denominated in laari. Sultan Mohamed Imaadhudheen IV (1900–1904) introduced what

Context: Document [4](Title: Coinage of Asia) 1 hwan = 5 yang. Tibetan coins were struck in Lhasa and in the Kong-po province between 1763 and 1954. Since 1959 Chinese currency replaces that of Tibet. The first Indian coins were either round, square or long sticks of silver with punch marks issued under various kingdoms starting from around 600 BCE onwards. Issuers included Kashi, Kosala, the Magadha Empire, Kuru, Panchala, Taxila, Gandhara, Kamboja, Avanti in the Narbada Valley, Saurashtra Peninsula, and the Eastern Deccan. The first coins issued by a unified Indian empire was from the Maurya Empire, though they were similar to the older issues. During

Context: Document [5](Title: Satavahana dynasty) states that the element was donated by Ananda, who was the son of Siri Satakarni's foreman of artisans. This inscription is probably from the reign of Satakarni II. The Satavahanas are among the earliest Indian rulers to issue their own coins with portraits of their rulers, starting with king Gautamiputra Satakarni, a practice derived from that of the Western Kshatrapas he defeated, itself originating with the Indo-Greek kings to the northwest. Thousands of lead, copper and potin Satavahana coins have been discovered in the Deccan region; a few gold and silver coins are also available. These coins do not feature

Context: Document [6](Title: Coinage of India) value differential would have incentivised the exchange of gold for silver, resulting in an increasing supply of silver in India. India developed some of the world's first coins, but scholars debate exactly which coin was first and when. Sometime around 600BC in the lower Ganges valley in eastern India a coin called a punchmarked Karshapana was created. According to Hardaker, T.R. the origin of Indian coins can be placed at 575 BCE and according to Gupta in the seventh century BCE. Punch-marked coins were a type of early Coinage of India, dating to between about the 6th and 2nd centuries

Context: Document [7](Title: Western Satraps) and the date of issue, and have helped clarify the early history of India. From the reigns of Jivadaman and Rudrasimha I, the date of minting of each coin, reckoned in the Saka era, is usually written on the obverse behind the king's head in Brahmi numerals, allowing for a quite precise datation of the rule of each king. This is a rather uncommon case in Indian numismatics. Some, such as the numismat R.C Senior considered that these dates might correspond to the much earlier Azes era instead. Also the father of each king is systematically mentioned in the reverse

Context: Document [8](Title: Coinage of India) of South India. The South Indian kings reissued Roman-like coinage in their own name, either producing their own copies or defacing real ones in order to signify their sovereignty. During the Indo-Scythians period whose era begins from 200 BCE to 400 CE, a new kind of the coins of two dynasties were very popular in circulation in various parts of the then India and parts of central and northern South Asia (Sogdiana, Bactria, Arachosia, Gandhara, Sindh, Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar). These dynasties were Saka and The Pahlavas.After the conquest of Bactria by the Sakas in 135

Context: Document [9](Title: Post-Mauryan coinage) Kalinga Brahmi scripts. The Satavahanas at first issued relatively simple designs. Their coins also display various traditional symbols, such as elephants, lions, horses and chaityas (stupas), as well as the "Ujjain symbol", a cross with four circles at the end. Later, in the 1st or 2nd century CE, the Satavahanas became the first rulers to issue their own coins with portraits of their rulers, starting with king Gautamiputra Satakarni, a practice derived from that of the Western Satraps he defeated, itself originating with the Indo-Greek kings to the northwest. Satavahana coins give unique indications as to their chronology, language, and

Context: Document [10](Title: Coinage of India) Coinage of India Coinage of India, issued by imperial dynasties and middle kingdoms, began anywhere between the 1st millennium BCE to the 6th century BCE, and consisted mainly of copper and silver coins in its initial stage. Scholars remain divided over the origins of Indian coinage. Cowry shells was first used in India as commodity money. The Indus Valley Civilization dates back between 2500 BCE and 1750 BCE. What is known, however, is that metal currency was minted in India well before the Mauryan Empire (322–185 BCE), and as radio carbon dating indicates, before the 5th century BCE. The practice

Context: Document [11](Title: Maldivian rufiyaa) Persian Gulf, India, Ceylon and the Far East during this time. Historians agree that this new form of currency was most probably exchanged for cowry shells and indicates Maldives’ lucrative trade with these countries. The first Sultan to imprint his own seal onto this currency was Ghaazee Mohamed Thakurufaanu Al Auzam. The seal was much broader than the wires hence it was barely legible. The first known of coins were introduced by Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar (1648–1687). Compared to the previous forms of money, these coins were much neater and minted in pure silver. The coins were minted in the capital

Context: Document [12](Title: Coinage metals) BC. Ancient India in circa 6th century BC, was one of the earliest issuers of coins in the world. Since that time, coins have been the most universal embodiment of money. These first coins were made of electrum, a naturally occurring pale yellow mixture of gold and silver that was further alloyed with silver and copper. However, the Persian daric was the first gold coin which, along with a similar silver coin, the siglos, (From Ancient Greek σίγλος, Hebrew שֶׁקֶל (shékel))represented the bimetallic monetary standard of the Achaemenid Persian Empire which has continued till today.Also, the Persian coins were very

Context: Document [13](Title: Coinage of India) least eight succeeding kings and was a standard type in the kingdom. The silver coinage of Guptas starts with the overthrow of the Western Satraps by Chandragupta II. Kumaragupta and Skandagupta continued with the old type of coins (the Garuda and the Peacock types) and also introduced some other new types. The copper coinage was mostly confined to the era of Chandragupta II and was more original in design. Eight out of the nine types known to have been struck by him have a figure of Garuda and the name of the King on it. The gradual deterioration in design

Context: Document [14](Title: Kalachuri dynasty) controlled Vidarbha, where they succeeded the Vakataka and the Vishnukundina dynasties. In addition, the Kalachuris conquered northern Konkan (around Elephanta) by the mid-6th century. Here, they succeeded the Traikutaka dynasty. The origin of the Kalachuris is uncertain. Krishnaraja (r. c. 550-575) is the earliest known ruler of the dynasty. He issued coins featuring Brahmi script legends, imitating the design of earlier coins issued by the Traikutaka and the Gupta kings. His coins featuring a bull are based on the coins issued by Skandagupta. His silver coins were circulated widely for around 150 years after his reign. Krishnaraja's coins describe him

Context: Document [15](Title: Madurai Nayak dynasty) in Tiruchi that one of the Nayak rulers, Vijayaranga Chokkanatha Nayak, launched a stiff opposition to the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. Most Nayaka coins were made of gold or copper. The design, figures, size, and weight of Nayak coins all were similar to those of Vijayanagara coins. Sadasiva Nayaka issued some beautiful Nayaka coins: one gold coin shows Shiva and Parvati seated next to one another – Shiva holds the trisula (trident) and the mriga (antelope) in his hands. Another gold coin of the same ruler features the mythical bird Gandaberunda. This coin is almost identical to the gandabherunda coins minted

Context: Document [16](Title: Chalukya dynasty) the symbol of a temple on the obverse and a 'sceptre between lamps' or a temple on the reverse. Pulakeshin II's coins had a caparisoned lion facing right on the obverse and a temple on the reverse. The coins weighed 4 grams and were called, in old-Kannada, "hun" (or "honnu") and had fractions such as "fana" (or "fanam") and the "quarter fana" (the modern day Kannada equivalent being "hana" – which literally means "money"). A gold coin called "gadyana" is mentioned in a record at the Vijayeshwara Temple at Pattadakal, which later came to be known as "varaha" (their royal

Context: Document [17](Title: Mohur) princely states issued half-mohur coins (equal to 7 rupees and 8 anna). The "mohur" coin was first introduced by Sher Shah Suri during his rule in India between 1540 and 1545 and was then a gold coin weighing 169 grains (10.95 grams). He also introduced copper coins called "dam" and silver coins called "rupiya" that weighed 178 grains (11.53 grams). Later on, the Mughal emperors standardized this coinage of tri-metallism across the sub-continent in order to consolidate the monetary system. The word "mohur" or "mohor" is from the Persian word "muhr", which means "seal" and is cognate with the Sanskrit

Context: Document [18](Title: Udayaditya) inscription which names Udayaditya as Jagaddeva's father and Bhoja as Jagaddeva's paternal uncle. It may thus be surmised that the direct line ended with Jayasimha, and Udayaditya started a collateral branch of the dynasty. Udayaditya had three sons Lakshmadeva, Naravarman, Jagdeva, and one daughter. The elder sons in turn succeeded their father while the daughter, Shyamaladevi, was married to the Gohi prince Vijaysinha and become the mother of Alhandevi afterwards wife of the Chedi king Gayakarnadeva. The gold coins issued by Udayaditya are of 4.05 g weight. On the obverse of these coins the image of seated Lakshmi is depicted.

Context: Document [19](Title: Vijayanagara coinage) Vijayanagara coinage The Vijayanagara Empire from 1336–1646, was situated in Southern India and had a complex currency system that was used after the Empire ceased to exist. The standard unit of coin issued by the Vijayanagara Empire was the gold Pagoda in English or Varaha of 3.4 gr. The Varaha was also called the Hon, Gadyana or a Pon and came in the Ghattivaraha, Doddavaraha and Suddhavaraha coin. In the gold issue the different coins came in Varaha, this is used as a reference for the other coins values. 1 gold Varaha = 2 Pratapas = 4 Katis = 8

Context: Document [20](Title: Coin) continued to strike Lydia's lion-and-bull coinage. Original coins of the Achaemenid Empire were issued from 520 BCE-450 BCE to 330 BCE. The Persian Daric was the first truly Achaemenid gold coin which, along with a similar silver coin, the Siglos, represented the bimetallic monetary standard of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. The Achaemenid Empire already reached the doors of India during the original expansion of Cyrus the Great, and the Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley is dated to circa 515 BC under Darius I. An Achaemenid administration was established in the area. The Kabul hoard, also called the Chaman Hazouri

Question: first dynasty to issue gold coins in india?

Answer: The Gupta Empire


Context: Document [1](Title: Alupa dynasty) three dynasties that issued gold coins as early as 8th century CE. The gold that used to mint coins came from trade with the Romans, Arabs and from the adjacent kingdom of Gangas. No other ancient dynasties of the south have issued that many varieties of gold coins as Alupas and Gangas did. The coins of both Gangas and Alupas have inscriptions that helps in dating the period of issue. Unfortunately these coins have not drawn much attention compared to that of Chalukyas or Hoysals. But for sure, they have inspired later dynasties as a prototype or basis to issue

Context: Document [2](Title: Maldivian rufiyaa) city of Malé, a fact which it acknowledged on the reverse. The legend "King of Land and Sea, Iskandhar the Great" () is found on the edge. After this period, gold coins replaced the existing silver ones during the reign of Sultan Hassan Nooruddin in 1787. He used two different qualities of gold in his coins; one was called Mohoree and the other Baimohoree, of which the former is of higher value. How this gold was obtained is uncertain. Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, bronze coins were issued denominated in laari. Sultan Mohamed Imaadhudheen IV (1900–1904) introduced what

Context: Document [3](Title: Coinage of Asia) 1 hwan = 5 yang. Tibetan coins were struck in Lhasa and in the Kong-po province between 1763 and 1954. Since 1959 Chinese currency replaces that of Tibet. The first Indian coins were either round, square or long sticks of silver with punch marks issued under various kingdoms starting from around 600 BCE onwards. Issuers included Kashi, Kosala, the Magadha Empire, Kuru, Panchala, Taxila, Gandhara, Kamboja, Avanti in the Narbada Valley, Saurashtra Peninsula, and the Eastern Deccan. The first coins issued by a unified Indian empire was from the Maurya Empire, though they were similar to the older issues. During

Context: Document [4](Title: Satavahana dynasty) states that the element was donated by Ananda, who was the son of Siri Satakarni's foreman of artisans. This inscription is probably from the reign of Satakarni II. The Satavahanas are among the earliest Indian rulers to issue their own coins with portraits of their rulers, starting with king Gautamiputra Satakarni, a practice derived from that of the Western Kshatrapas he defeated, itself originating with the Indo-Greek kings to the northwest. Thousands of lead, copper and potin Satavahana coins have been discovered in the Deccan region; a few gold and silver coins are also available. These coins do not feature

Context: Document [5](Title: Coinage of India) The Gupta Empire produced large numbers of gold coins depicting the Gupta kings performing various rituals, as well as silver coins clearly influenced by those of the earlier Western Satraps by Chandragupta II.

Context: Document [6](Title: Coinage of India) value differential would have incentivised the exchange of gold for silver, resulting in an increasing supply of silver in India. India developed some of the world's first coins, but scholars debate exactly which coin was first and when. Sometime around 600BC in the lower Ganges valley in eastern India a coin called a punchmarked Karshapana was created. According to Hardaker, T.R. the origin of Indian coins can be placed at 575 BCE and according to Gupta in the seventh century BCE. Punch-marked coins were a type of early Coinage of India, dating to between about the 6th and 2nd centuries

Context: Document [7](Title: Western Satraps) and the date of issue, and have helped clarify the early history of India. From the reigns of Jivadaman and Rudrasimha I, the date of minting of each coin, reckoned in the Saka era, is usually written on the obverse behind the king's head in Brahmi numerals, allowing for a quite precise datation of the rule of each king. This is a rather uncommon case in Indian numismatics. Some, such as the numismat R.C Senior considered that these dates might correspond to the much earlier Azes era instead. Also the father of each king is systematically mentioned in the reverse

Context: Document [8](Title: Coinage of India) of South India. The South Indian kings reissued Roman-like coinage in their own name, either producing their own copies or defacing real ones in order to signify their sovereignty. During the Indo-Scythians period whose era begins from 200 BCE to 400 CE, a new kind of the coins of two dynasties were very popular in circulation in various parts of the then India and parts of central and northern South Asia (Sogdiana, Bactria, Arachosia, Gandhara, Sindh, Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar). These dynasties were Saka and The Pahlavas.After the conquest of Bactria by the Sakas in 135

Context: Document [9](Title: Post-Mauryan coinage) Kalinga Brahmi scripts. The Satavahanas at first issued relatively simple designs. Their coins also display various traditional symbols, such as elephants, lions, horses and chaityas (stupas), as well as the "Ujjain symbol", a cross with four circles at the end. Later, in the 1st or 2nd century CE, the Satavahanas became the first rulers to issue their own coins with portraits of their rulers, starting with king Gautamiputra Satakarni, a practice derived from that of the Western Satraps he defeated, itself originating with the Indo-Greek kings to the northwest. Satavahana coins give unique indications as to their chronology, language, and

Context: Document [10](Title: Coinage of India) Coinage of India Coinage of India, issued by imperial dynasties and middle kingdoms, began anywhere between the 1st millennium BCE to the 6th century BCE, and consisted mainly of copper and silver coins in its initial stage. Scholars remain divided over the origins of Indian coinage. Cowry shells was first used in India as commodity money. The Indus Valley Civilization dates back between 2500 BCE and 1750 BCE. What is known, however, is that metal currency was minted in India well before the Mauryan Empire (322–185 BCE), and as radio carbon dating indicates, before the 5th century BCE. The practice

Context: Document [11](Title: Maldivian rufiyaa) Persian Gulf, India, Ceylon and the Far East during this time. Historians agree that this new form of currency was most probably exchanged for cowry shells and indicates Maldives’ lucrative trade with these countries. The first Sultan to imprint his own seal onto this currency was Ghaazee Mohamed Thakurufaanu Al Auzam. The seal was much broader than the wires hence it was barely legible. The first known of coins were introduced by Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar (1648–1687). Compared to the previous forms of money, these coins were much neater and minted in pure silver. The coins were minted in the capital

Context: Document [12](Title: Coinage metals) BC. Ancient India in circa 6th century BC, was one of the earliest issuers of coins in the world. Since that time, coins have been the most universal embodiment of money. These first coins were made of electrum, a naturally occurring pale yellow mixture of gold and silver that was further alloyed with silver and copper. However, the Persian daric was the first gold coin which, along with a similar silver coin, the siglos, (From Ancient Greek σίγλος, Hebrew שֶׁקֶל (shékel))represented the bimetallic monetary standard of the Achaemenid Persian Empire which has continued till today.Also, the Persian coins were very

Context: Document [13](Title: Coinage of India) least eight succeeding kings and was a standard type in the kingdom. The silver coinage of Guptas starts with the overthrow of the Western Satraps by Chandragupta II. Kumaragupta and Skandagupta continued with the old type of coins (the Garuda and the Peacock types) and also introduced some other new types. The copper coinage was mostly confined to the era of Chandragupta II and was more original in design. Eight out of the nine types known to have been struck by him have a figure of Garuda and the name of the King on it. The gradual deterioration in design

Context: Document [14](Title: Kalachuri dynasty) controlled Vidarbha, where they succeeded the Vakataka and the Vishnukundina dynasties. In addition, the Kalachuris conquered northern Konkan (around Elephanta) by the mid-6th century. Here, they succeeded the Traikutaka dynasty. The origin of the Kalachuris is uncertain. Krishnaraja (r. c. 550-575) is the earliest known ruler of the dynasty. He issued coins featuring Brahmi script legends, imitating the design of earlier coins issued by the Traikutaka and the Gupta kings. His coins featuring a bull are based on the coins issued by Skandagupta. His silver coins were circulated widely for around 150 years after his reign. Krishnaraja's coins describe him

Context: Document [15](Title: Madurai Nayak dynasty) in Tiruchi that one of the Nayak rulers, Vijayaranga Chokkanatha Nayak, launched a stiff opposition to the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. Most Nayaka coins were made of gold or copper. The design, figures, size, and weight of Nayak coins all were similar to those of Vijayanagara coins. Sadasiva Nayaka issued some beautiful Nayaka coins: one gold coin shows Shiva and Parvati seated next to one another – Shiva holds the trisula (trident) and the mriga (antelope) in his hands. Another gold coin of the same ruler features the mythical bird Gandaberunda. This coin is almost identical to the gandabherunda coins minted

Context: Document [16](Title: Chalukya dynasty) the symbol of a temple on the obverse and a 'sceptre between lamps' or a temple on the reverse. Pulakeshin II's coins had a caparisoned lion facing right on the obverse and a temple on the reverse. The coins weighed 4 grams and were called, in old-Kannada, "hun" (or "honnu") and had fractions such as "fana" (or "fanam") and the "quarter fana" (the modern day Kannada equivalent being "hana" – which literally means "money"). A gold coin called "gadyana" is mentioned in a record at the Vijayeshwara Temple at Pattadakal, which later came to be known as "varaha" (their royal

Context: Document [17](Title: Mohur) princely states issued half-mohur coins (equal to 7 rupees and 8 anna). The "mohur" coin was first introduced by Sher Shah Suri during his rule in India between 1540 and 1545 and was then a gold coin weighing 169 grains (10.95 grams). He also introduced copper coins called "dam" and silver coins called "rupiya" that weighed 178 grains (11.53 grams). Later on, the Mughal emperors standardized this coinage of tri-metallism across the sub-continent in order to consolidate the monetary system. The word "mohur" or "mohor" is from the Persian word "muhr", which means "seal" and is cognate with the Sanskrit

Context: Document [18](Title: Udayaditya) inscription which names Udayaditya as Jagaddeva's father and Bhoja as Jagaddeva's paternal uncle. It may thus be surmised that the direct line ended with Jayasimha, and Udayaditya started a collateral branch of the dynasty. Udayaditya had three sons Lakshmadeva, Naravarman, Jagdeva, and one daughter. The elder sons in turn succeeded their father while the daughter, Shyamaladevi, was married to the Gohi prince Vijaysinha and become the mother of Alhandevi afterwards wife of the Chedi king Gayakarnadeva. The gold coins issued by Udayaditya are of 4.05 g weight. On the obverse of these coins the image of seated Lakshmi is depicted.

Context: Document [19](Title: Vijayanagara coinage) Vijayanagara coinage The Vijayanagara Empire from 1336–1646, was situated in Southern India and had a complex currency system that was used after the Empire ceased to exist. The standard unit of coin issued by the Vijayanagara Empire was the gold Pagoda in English or Varaha of 3.4 gr. The Varaha was also called the Hon, Gadyana or a Pon and came in the Ghattivaraha, Doddavaraha and Suddhavaraha coin. In the gold issue the different coins came in Varaha, this is used as a reference for the other coins values. 1 gold Varaha = 2 Pratapas = 4 Katis = 8

Context: Document [20](Title: Coin) continued to strike Lydia's lion-and-bull coinage. Original coins of the Achaemenid Empire were issued from 520 BCE-450 BCE to 330 BCE. The Persian Daric was the first truly Achaemenid gold coin which, along with a similar silver coin, the Siglos, represented the bimetallic monetary standard of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. The Achaemenid Empire already reached the doors of India during the original expansion of Cyrus the Great, and the Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley is dated to circa 515 BC under Darius I. An Achaemenid administration was established in the area. The Kabul hoard, also called the Chaman Hazouri

Question: first dynasty to issue gold coins in india?

Answer: The Gupta Empire


Context: Document [1](Title: Alupa dynasty) three dynasties that issued gold coins as early as 8th century CE. The gold that used to mint coins came from trade with the Romans, Arabs and from the adjacent kingdom of Gangas. No other ancient dynasties of the south have issued that many varieties of gold coins as Alupas and Gangas did. The coins of both Gangas and Alupas have inscriptions that helps in dating the period of issue. Unfortunately these coins have not drawn much attention compared to that of Chalukyas or Hoysals. But for sure, they have inspired later dynasties as a prototype or basis to issue

Context: Document [2](Title: Maldivian rufiyaa) city of Malé, a fact which it acknowledged on the reverse. The legend "King of Land and Sea, Iskandhar the Great" () is found on the edge. After this period, gold coins replaced the existing silver ones during the reign of Sultan Hassan Nooruddin in 1787. He used two different qualities of gold in his coins; one was called Mohoree and the other Baimohoree, of which the former is of higher value. How this gold was obtained is uncertain. Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, bronze coins were issued denominated in laari. Sultan Mohamed Imaadhudheen IV (1900–1904) introduced what

Context: Document [3](Title: Coinage of Asia) 1 hwan = 5 yang. Tibetan coins were struck in Lhasa and in the Kong-po province between 1763 and 1954. Since 1959 Chinese currency replaces that of Tibet. The first Indian coins were either round, square or long sticks of silver with punch marks issued under various kingdoms starting from around 600 BCE onwards. Issuers included Kashi, Kosala, the Magadha Empire, Kuru, Panchala, Taxila, Gandhara, Kamboja, Avanti in the Narbada Valley, Saurashtra Peninsula, and the Eastern Deccan. The first coins issued by a unified Indian empire was from the Maurya Empire, though they were similar to the older issues. During

Context: Document [4](Title: Satavahana dynasty) states that the element was donated by Ananda, who was the son of Siri Satakarni's foreman of artisans. This inscription is probably from the reign of Satakarni II. The Satavahanas are among the earliest Indian rulers to issue their own coins with portraits of their rulers, starting with king Gautamiputra Satakarni, a practice derived from that of the Western Kshatrapas he defeated, itself originating with the Indo-Greek kings to the northwest. Thousands of lead, copper and potin Satavahana coins have been discovered in the Deccan region; a few gold and silver coins are also available. These coins do not feature

Context: Document [5](Title: Coinage of India) value differential would have incentivised the exchange of gold for silver, resulting in an increasing supply of silver in India. India developed some of the world's first coins, but scholars debate exactly which coin was first and when. Sometime around 600BC in the lower Ganges valley in eastern India a coin called a punchmarked Karshapana was created. According to Hardaker, T.R. the origin of Indian coins can be placed at 575 BCE and according to Gupta in the seventh century BCE. Punch-marked coins were a type of early Coinage of India, dating to between about the 6th and 2nd centuries

Context: Document [6](Title: Western Satraps) and the date of issue, and have helped clarify the early history of India. From the reigns of Jivadaman and Rudrasimha I, the date of minting of each coin, reckoned in the Saka era, is usually written on the obverse behind the king's head in Brahmi numerals, allowing for a quite precise datation of the rule of each king. This is a rather uncommon case in Indian numismatics. Some, such as the numismat R.C Senior considered that these dates might correspond to the much earlier Azes era instead. Also the father of each king is systematically mentioned in the reverse

Context: Document [7](Title: Coinage of India) of South India. The South Indian kings reissued Roman-like coinage in their own name, either producing their own copies or defacing real ones in order to signify their sovereignty. During the Indo-Scythians period whose era begins from 200 BCE to 400 CE, a new kind of the coins of two dynasties were very popular in circulation in various parts of the then India and parts of central and northern South Asia (Sogdiana, Bactria, Arachosia, Gandhara, Sindh, Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar). These dynasties were Saka and The Pahlavas.After the conquest of Bactria by the Sakas in 135

Context: Document [8](Title: Post-Mauryan coinage) Kalinga Brahmi scripts. The Satavahanas at first issued relatively simple designs. Their coins also display various traditional symbols, such as elephants, lions, horses and chaityas (stupas), as well as the "Ujjain symbol", a cross with four circles at the end. Later, in the 1st or 2nd century CE, the Satavahanas became the first rulers to issue their own coins with portraits of their rulers, starting with king Gautamiputra Satakarni, a practice derived from that of the Western Satraps he defeated, itself originating with the Indo-Greek kings to the northwest. Satavahana coins give unique indications as to their chronology, language, and

Context: Document [9](Title: Coinage of India) Coinage of India Coinage of India, issued by imperial dynasties and middle kingdoms, began anywhere between the 1st millennium BCE to the 6th century BCE, and consisted mainly of copper and silver coins in its initial stage. Scholars remain divided over the origins of Indian coinage. Cowry shells was first used in India as commodity money. The Indus Valley Civilization dates back between 2500 BCE and 1750 BCE. What is known, however, is that metal currency was minted in India well before the Mauryan Empire (322–185 BCE), and as radio carbon dating indicates, before the 5th century BCE. The practice

Context: Document [10](Title: Coinage of India) The Gupta Empire produced large numbers of gold coins depicting the Gupta kings performing various rituals, as well as silver coins clearly influenced by those of the earlier Western Satraps by Chandragupta II.

Context: Document [11](Title: Maldivian rufiyaa) Persian Gulf, India, Ceylon and the Far East during this time. Historians agree that this new form of currency was most probably exchanged for cowry shells and indicates Maldives’ lucrative trade with these countries. The first Sultan to imprint his own seal onto this currency was Ghaazee Mohamed Thakurufaanu Al Auzam. The seal was much broader than the wires hence it was barely legible. The first known of coins were introduced by Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar (1648–1687). Compared to the previous forms of money, these coins were much neater and minted in pure silver. The coins were minted in the capital

Context: Document [12](Title: Coinage metals) BC. Ancient India in circa 6th century BC, was one of the earliest issuers of coins in the world. Since that time, coins have been the most universal embodiment of money. These first coins were made of electrum, a naturally occurring pale yellow mixture of gold and silver that was further alloyed with silver and copper. However, the Persian daric was the first gold coin which, along with a similar silver coin, the siglos, (From Ancient Greek σίγλος, Hebrew שֶׁקֶל (shékel))represented the bimetallic monetary standard of the Achaemenid Persian Empire which has continued till today.Also, the Persian coins were very

Context: Document [13](Title: Coinage of India) least eight succeeding kings and was a standard type in the kingdom. The silver coinage of Guptas starts with the overthrow of the Western Satraps by Chandragupta II. Kumaragupta and Skandagupta continued with the old type of coins (the Garuda and the Peacock types) and also introduced some other new types. The copper coinage was mostly confined to the era of Chandragupta II and was more original in design. Eight out of the nine types known to have been struck by him have a figure of Garuda and the name of the King on it. The gradual deterioration in design

Context: Document [14](Title: Kalachuri dynasty) controlled Vidarbha, where they succeeded the Vakataka and the Vishnukundina dynasties. In addition, the Kalachuris conquered northern Konkan (around Elephanta) by the mid-6th century. Here, they succeeded the Traikutaka dynasty. The origin of the Kalachuris is uncertain. Krishnaraja (r. c. 550-575) is the earliest known ruler of the dynasty. He issued coins featuring Brahmi script legends, imitating the design of earlier coins issued by the Traikutaka and the Gupta kings. His coins featuring a bull are based on the coins issued by Skandagupta. His silver coins were circulated widely for around 150 years after his reign. Krishnaraja's coins describe him

Context: Document [15](Title: Madurai Nayak dynasty) in Tiruchi that one of the Nayak rulers, Vijayaranga Chokkanatha Nayak, launched a stiff opposition to the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. Most Nayaka coins were made of gold or copper. The design, figures, size, and weight of Nayak coins all were similar to those of Vijayanagara coins. Sadasiva Nayaka issued some beautiful Nayaka coins: one gold coin shows Shiva and Parvati seated next to one another – Shiva holds the trisula (trident) and the mriga (antelope) in his hands. Another gold coin of the same ruler features the mythical bird Gandaberunda. This coin is almost identical to the gandabherunda coins minted

Context: Document [16](Title: Chalukya dynasty) the symbol of a temple on the obverse and a 'sceptre between lamps' or a temple on the reverse. Pulakeshin II's coins had a caparisoned lion facing right on the obverse and a temple on the reverse. The coins weighed 4 grams and were called, in old-Kannada, "hun" (or "honnu") and had fractions such as "fana" (or "fanam") and the "quarter fana" (the modern day Kannada equivalent being "hana" – which literally means "money"). A gold coin called "gadyana" is mentioned in a record at the Vijayeshwara Temple at Pattadakal, which later came to be known as "varaha" (their royal

Context: Document [17](Title: Mohur) princely states issued half-mohur coins (equal to 7 rupees and 8 anna). The "mohur" coin was first introduced by Sher Shah Suri during his rule in India between 1540 and 1545 and was then a gold coin weighing 169 grains (10.95 grams). He also introduced copper coins called "dam" and silver coins called "rupiya" that weighed 178 grains (11.53 grams). Later on, the Mughal emperors standardized this coinage of tri-metallism across the sub-continent in order to consolidate the monetary system. The word "mohur" or "mohor" is from the Persian word "muhr", which means "seal" and is cognate with the Sanskrit

Context: Document [18](Title: Udayaditya) inscription which names Udayaditya as Jagaddeva's father and Bhoja as Jagaddeva's paternal uncle. It may thus be surmised that the direct line ended with Jayasimha, and Udayaditya started a collateral branch of the dynasty. Udayaditya had three sons Lakshmadeva, Naravarman, Jagdeva, and one daughter. The elder sons in turn succeeded their father while the daughter, Shyamaladevi, was married to the Gohi prince Vijaysinha and become the mother of Alhandevi afterwards wife of the Chedi king Gayakarnadeva. The gold coins issued by Udayaditya are of 4.05 g weight. On the obverse of these coins the image of seated Lakshmi is depicted.

Context: Document [19](Title: Vijayanagara coinage) Vijayanagara coinage The Vijayanagara Empire from 1336–1646, was situated in Southern India and had a complex currency system that was used after the Empire ceased to exist. The standard unit of coin issued by the Vijayanagara Empire was the gold Pagoda in English or Varaha of 3.4 gr. The Varaha was also called the Hon, Gadyana or a Pon and came in the Ghattivaraha, Doddavaraha and Suddhavaraha coin. In the gold issue the different coins came in Varaha, this is used as a reference for the other coins values. 1 gold Varaha = 2 Pratapas = 4 Katis = 8

Context: Document [20](Title: Coin) continued to strike Lydia's lion-and-bull coinage. Original coins of the Achaemenid Empire were issued from 520 BCE-450 BCE to 330 BCE. The Persian Daric was the first truly Achaemenid gold coin which, along with a similar silver coin, the Siglos, represented the bimetallic monetary standard of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. The Achaemenid Empire already reached the doors of India during the original expansion of Cyrus the Great, and the Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley is dated to circa 515 BC under Darius I. An Achaemenid administration was established in the area. The Kabul hoard, also called the Chaman Hazouri

Question: first dynasty to issue gold coins in india?

Answer: The Gupta Empire


Context: Document [1](Title: Alupa dynasty) three dynasties that issued gold coins as early as 8th century CE. The gold that used to mint coins came from trade with the Romans, Arabs and from the adjacent kingdom of Gangas. No other ancient dynasties of the south have issued that many varieties of gold coins as Alupas and Gangas did. The coins of both Gangas and Alupas have inscriptions that helps in dating the period of issue. Unfortunately these coins have not drawn much attention compared to that of Chalukyas or Hoysals. But for sure, they have inspired later dynasties as a prototype or basis to issue

Context: Document [2](Title: Maldivian rufiyaa) city of Malé, a fact which it acknowledged on the reverse. The legend "King of Land and Sea, Iskandhar the Great" () is found on the edge. After this period, gold coins replaced the existing silver ones during the reign of Sultan Hassan Nooruddin in 1787. He used two different qualities of gold in his coins; one was called Mohoree and the other Baimohoree, of which the former is of higher value. How this gold was obtained is uncertain. Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, bronze coins were issued denominated in laari. Sultan Mohamed Imaadhudheen IV (1900–1904) introduced what

Context: Document [3](Title: Coinage of Asia) 1 hwan = 5 yang. Tibetan coins were struck in Lhasa and in the Kong-po province between 1763 and 1954. Since 1959 Chinese currency replaces that of Tibet. The first Indian coins were either round, square or long sticks of silver with punch marks issued under various kingdoms starting from around 600 BCE onwards. Issuers included Kashi, Kosala, the Magadha Empire, Kuru, Panchala, Taxila, Gandhara, Kamboja, Avanti in the Narbada Valley, Saurashtra Peninsula, and the Eastern Deccan. The first coins issued by a unified Indian empire was from the Maurya Empire, though they were similar to the older issues. During

Context: Document [4](Title: Satavahana dynasty) states that the element was donated by Ananda, who was the son of Siri Satakarni's foreman of artisans. This inscription is probably from the reign of Satakarni II. The Satavahanas are among the earliest Indian rulers to issue their own coins with portraits of their rulers, starting with king Gautamiputra Satakarni, a practice derived from that of the Western Kshatrapas he defeated, itself originating with the Indo-Greek kings to the northwest. Thousands of lead, copper and potin Satavahana coins have been discovered in the Deccan region; a few gold and silver coins are also available. These coins do not feature

Context: Document [5](Title: Coinage of India) value differential would have incentivised the exchange of gold for silver, resulting in an increasing supply of silver in India. India developed some of the world's first coins, but scholars debate exactly which coin was first and when. Sometime around 600BC in the lower Ganges valley in eastern India a coin called a punchmarked Karshapana was created. According to Hardaker, T.R. the origin of Indian coins can be placed at 575 BCE and according to Gupta in the seventh century BCE. Punch-marked coins were a type of early Coinage of India, dating to between about the 6th and 2nd centuries

Context: Document [6](Title: Western Satraps) and the date of issue, and have helped clarify the early history of India. From the reigns of Jivadaman and Rudrasimha I, the date of minting of each coin, reckoned in the Saka era, is usually written on the obverse behind the king's head in Brahmi numerals, allowing for a quite precise datation of the rule of each king. This is a rather uncommon case in Indian numismatics. Some, such as the numismat R.C Senior considered that these dates might correspond to the much earlier Azes era instead. Also the father of each king is systematically mentioned in the reverse

Context: Document [7](Title: Coinage of India) of South India. The South Indian kings reissued Roman-like coinage in their own name, either producing their own copies or defacing real ones in order to signify their sovereignty. During the Indo-Scythians period whose era begins from 200 BCE to 400 CE, a new kind of the coins of two dynasties were very popular in circulation in various parts of the then India and parts of central and northern South Asia (Sogdiana, Bactria, Arachosia, Gandhara, Sindh, Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar). These dynasties were Saka and The Pahlavas.After the conquest of Bactria by the Sakas in 135

Context: Document [8](Title: Post-Mauryan coinage) Kalinga Brahmi scripts. The Satavahanas at first issued relatively simple designs. Their coins also display various traditional symbols, such as elephants, lions, horses and chaityas (stupas), as well as the "Ujjain symbol", a cross with four circles at the end. Later, in the 1st or 2nd century CE, the Satavahanas became the first rulers to issue their own coins with portraits of their rulers, starting with king Gautamiputra Satakarni, a practice derived from that of the Western Satraps he defeated, itself originating with the Indo-Greek kings to the northwest. Satavahana coins give unique indications as to their chronology, language, and

Context: Document [9](Title: Coinage of India) Coinage of India Coinage of India, issued by imperial dynasties and middle kingdoms, began anywhere between the 1st millennium BCE to the 6th century BCE, and consisted mainly of copper and silver coins in its initial stage. Scholars remain divided over the origins of Indian coinage. Cowry shells was first used in India as commodity money. The Indus Valley Civilization dates back between 2500 BCE and 1750 BCE. What is known, however, is that metal currency was minted in India well before the Mauryan Empire (322–185 BCE), and as radio carbon dating indicates, before the 5th century BCE. The practice

Context: Document [10](Title: Maldivian rufiyaa) Persian Gulf, India, Ceylon and the Far East during this time. Historians agree that this new form of currency was most probably exchanged for cowry shells and indicates Maldives’ lucrative trade with these countries. The first Sultan to imprint his own seal onto this currency was Ghaazee Mohamed Thakurufaanu Al Auzam. The seal was much broader than the wires hence it was barely legible. The first known of coins were introduced by Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar (1648–1687). Compared to the previous forms of money, these coins were much neater and minted in pure silver. The coins were minted in the capital

Context: Document [11](Title: Coinage metals) BC. Ancient India in circa 6th century BC, was one of the earliest issuers of coins in the world. Since that time, coins have been the most universal embodiment of money. These first coins were made of electrum, a naturally occurring pale yellow mixture of gold and silver that was further alloyed with silver and copper. However, the Persian daric was the first gold coin which, along with a similar silver coin, the siglos, (From Ancient Greek σίγλος, Hebrew שֶׁקֶל (shékel))represented the bimetallic monetary standard of the Achaemenid Persian Empire which has continued till today.Also, the Persian coins were very

Context: Document [12](Title: Coinage of India) least eight succeeding kings and was a standard type in the kingdom. The silver coinage of Guptas starts with the overthrow of the Western Satraps by Chandragupta II. Kumaragupta and Skandagupta continued with the old type of coins (the Garuda and the Peacock types) and also introduced some other new types. The copper coinage was mostly confined to the era of Chandragupta II and was more original in design. Eight out of the nine types known to have been struck by him have a figure of Garuda and the name of the King on it. The gradual deterioration in design

Context: Document [13](Title: Kalachuri dynasty) controlled Vidarbha, where they succeeded the Vakataka and the Vishnukundina dynasties. In addition, the Kalachuris conquered northern Konkan (around Elephanta) by the mid-6th century. Here, they succeeded the Traikutaka dynasty. The origin of the Kalachuris is uncertain. Krishnaraja (r. c. 550-575) is the earliest known ruler of the dynasty. He issued coins featuring Brahmi script legends, imitating the design of earlier coins issued by the Traikutaka and the Gupta kings. His coins featuring a bull are based on the coins issued by Skandagupta. His silver coins were circulated widely for around 150 years after his reign. Krishnaraja's coins describe him

Context: Document [14](Title: Madurai Nayak dynasty) in Tiruchi that one of the Nayak rulers, Vijayaranga Chokkanatha Nayak, launched a stiff opposition to the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. Most Nayaka coins were made of gold or copper. The design, figures, size, and weight of Nayak coins all were similar to those of Vijayanagara coins. Sadasiva Nayaka issued some beautiful Nayaka coins: one gold coin shows Shiva and Parvati seated next to one another – Shiva holds the trisula (trident) and the mriga (antelope) in his hands. Another gold coin of the same ruler features the mythical bird Gandaberunda. This coin is almost identical to the gandabherunda coins minted

Context: Document [15](Title: Coinage of India) The Gupta Empire produced large numbers of gold coins depicting the Gupta kings performing various rituals, as well as silver coins clearly influenced by those of the earlier Western Satraps by Chandragupta II.

Context: Document [16](Title: Chalukya dynasty) the symbol of a temple on the obverse and a 'sceptre between lamps' or a temple on the reverse. Pulakeshin II's coins had a caparisoned lion facing right on the obverse and a temple on the reverse. The coins weighed 4 grams and were called, in old-Kannada, "hun" (or "honnu") and had fractions such as "fana" (or "fanam") and the "quarter fana" (the modern day Kannada equivalent being "hana" – which literally means "money"). A gold coin called "gadyana" is mentioned in a record at the Vijayeshwara Temple at Pattadakal, which later came to be known as "varaha" (their royal

Context: Document [17](Title: Mohur) princely states issued half-mohur coins (equal to 7 rupees and 8 anna). The "mohur" coin was first introduced by Sher Shah Suri during his rule in India between 1540 and 1545 and was then a gold coin weighing 169 grains (10.95 grams). He also introduced copper coins called "dam" and silver coins called "rupiya" that weighed 178 grains (11.53 grams). Later on, the Mughal emperors standardized this coinage of tri-metallism across the sub-continent in order to consolidate the monetary system. The word "mohur" or "mohor" is from the Persian word "muhr", which means "seal" and is cognate with the Sanskrit

Context: Document [18](Title: Udayaditya) inscription which names Udayaditya as Jagaddeva's father and Bhoja as Jagaddeva's paternal uncle. It may thus be surmised that the direct line ended with Jayasimha, and Udayaditya started a collateral branch of the dynasty. Udayaditya had three sons Lakshmadeva, Naravarman, Jagdeva, and one daughter. The elder sons in turn succeeded their father while the daughter, Shyamaladevi, was married to the Gohi prince Vijaysinha and become the mother of Alhandevi afterwards wife of the Chedi king Gayakarnadeva. The gold coins issued by Udayaditya are of 4.05 g weight. On the obverse of these coins the image of seated Lakshmi is depicted.

Context: Document [19](Title: Vijayanagara coinage) Vijayanagara coinage The Vijayanagara Empire from 1336–1646, was situated in Southern India and had a complex currency system that was used after the Empire ceased to exist. The standard unit of coin issued by the Vijayanagara Empire was the gold Pagoda in English or Varaha of 3.4 gr. The Varaha was also called the Hon, Gadyana or a Pon and came in the Ghattivaraha, Doddavaraha and Suddhavaraha coin. In the gold issue the different coins came in Varaha, this is used as a reference for the other coins values. 1 gold Varaha = 2 Pratapas = 4 Katis = 8

Context: Document [20](Title: Coin) continued to strike Lydia's lion-and-bull coinage. Original coins of the Achaemenid Empire were issued from 520 BCE-450 BCE to 330 BCE. The Persian Daric was the first truly Achaemenid gold coin which, along with a similar silver coin, the Siglos, represented the bimetallic monetary standard of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. The Achaemenid Empire already reached the doors of India during the original expansion of Cyrus the Great, and the Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley is dated to circa 515 BC under Darius I. An Achaemenid administration was established in the area. The Kabul hoard, also called the Chaman Hazouri

Question: first dynasty to issue gold coins in india?

Answer: The Gupta Empire


Context: Document [1](Title: Alupa dynasty) three dynasties that issued gold coins as early as 8th century CE. The gold that used to mint coins came from trade with the Romans, Arabs and from the adjacent kingdom of Gangas. No other ancient dynasties of the south have issued that many varieties of gold coins as Alupas and Gangas did. The coins of both Gangas and Alupas have inscriptions that helps in dating the period of issue. Unfortunately these coins have not drawn much attention compared to that of Chalukyas or Hoysals. But for sure, they have inspired later dynasties as a prototype or basis to issue

Context: Document [2](Title: Maldivian rufiyaa) city of Malé, a fact which it acknowledged on the reverse. The legend "King of Land and Sea, Iskandhar the Great" () is found on the edge. After this period, gold coins replaced the existing silver ones during the reign of Sultan Hassan Nooruddin in 1787. He used two different qualities of gold in his coins; one was called Mohoree and the other Baimohoree, of which the former is of higher value. How this gold was obtained is uncertain. Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, bronze coins were issued denominated in laari. Sultan Mohamed Imaadhudheen IV (1900–1904) introduced what

Context: Document [3](Title: Coinage of Asia) 1 hwan = 5 yang. Tibetan coins were struck in Lhasa and in the Kong-po province between 1763 and 1954. Since 1959 Chinese currency replaces that of Tibet. The first Indian coins were either round, square or long sticks of silver with punch marks issued under various kingdoms starting from around 600 BCE onwards. Issuers included Kashi, Kosala, the Magadha Empire, Kuru, Panchala, Taxila, Gandhara, Kamboja, Avanti in the Narbada Valley, Saurashtra Peninsula, and the Eastern Deccan. The first coins issued by a unified Indian empire was from the Maurya Empire, though they were similar to the older issues. During

Context: Document [4](Title: Satavahana dynasty) states that the element was donated by Ananda, who was the son of Siri Satakarni's foreman of artisans. This inscription is probably from the reign of Satakarni II. The Satavahanas are among the earliest Indian rulers to issue their own coins with portraits of their rulers, starting with king Gautamiputra Satakarni, a practice derived from that of the Western Kshatrapas he defeated, itself originating with the Indo-Greek kings to the northwest. Thousands of lead, copper and potin Satavahana coins have been discovered in the Deccan region; a few gold and silver coins are also available. These coins do not feature

Context: Document [5](Title: Coinage of India) value differential would have incentivised the exchange of gold for silver, resulting in an increasing supply of silver in India. India developed some of the world's first coins, but scholars debate exactly which coin was first and when. Sometime around 600BC in the lower Ganges valley in eastern India a coin called a punchmarked Karshapana was created. According to Hardaker, T.R. the origin of Indian coins can be placed at 575 BCE and according to Gupta in the seventh century BCE. Punch-marked coins were a type of early Coinage of India, dating to between about the 6th and 2nd centuries

Context: Document [6](Title: Western Satraps) and the date of issue, and have helped clarify the early history of India. From the reigns of Jivadaman and Rudrasimha I, the date of minting of each coin, reckoned in the Saka era, is usually written on the obverse behind the king's head in Brahmi numerals, allowing for a quite precise datation of the rule of each king. This is a rather uncommon case in Indian numismatics. Some, such as the numismat R.C Senior considered that these dates might correspond to the much earlier Azes era instead. Also the father of each king is systematically mentioned in the reverse

Context: Document [7](Title: Coinage of India) of South India. The South Indian kings reissued Roman-like coinage in their own name, either producing their own copies or defacing real ones in order to signify their sovereignty. During the Indo-Scythians period whose era begins from 200 BCE to 400 CE, a new kind of the coins of two dynasties were very popular in circulation in various parts of the then India and parts of central and northern South Asia (Sogdiana, Bactria, Arachosia, Gandhara, Sindh, Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar). These dynasties were Saka and The Pahlavas.After the conquest of Bactria by the Sakas in 135

Context: Document [8](Title: Post-Mauryan coinage) Kalinga Brahmi scripts. The Satavahanas at first issued relatively simple designs. Their coins also display various traditional symbols, such as elephants, lions, horses and chaityas (stupas), as well as the "Ujjain symbol", a cross with four circles at the end. Later, in the 1st or 2nd century CE, the Satavahanas became the first rulers to issue their own coins with portraits of their rulers, starting with king Gautamiputra Satakarni, a practice derived from that of the Western Satraps he defeated, itself originating with the Indo-Greek kings to the northwest. Satavahana coins give unique indications as to their chronology, language, and

Context: Document [9](Title: Coinage of India) Coinage of India Coinage of India, issued by imperial dynasties and middle kingdoms, began anywhere between the 1st millennium BCE to the 6th century BCE, and consisted mainly of copper and silver coins in its initial stage. Scholars remain divided over the origins of Indian coinage. Cowry shells was first used in India as commodity money. The Indus Valley Civilization dates back between 2500 BCE and 1750 BCE. What is known, however, is that metal currency was minted in India well before the Mauryan Empire (322–185 BCE), and as radio carbon dating indicates, before the 5th century BCE. The practice

Context: Document [10](Title: Maldivian rufiyaa) Persian Gulf, India, Ceylon and the Far East during this time. Historians agree that this new form of currency was most probably exchanged for cowry shells and indicates Maldives’ lucrative trade with these countries. The first Sultan to imprint his own seal onto this currency was Ghaazee Mohamed Thakurufaanu Al Auzam. The seal was much broader than the wires hence it was barely legible. The first known of coins were introduced by Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar (1648–1687). Compared to the previous forms of money, these coins were much neater and minted in pure silver. The coins were minted in the capital

Context: Document [11](Title: Coinage metals) BC. Ancient India in circa 6th century BC, was one of the earliest issuers of coins in the world. Since that time, coins have been the most universal embodiment of money. These first coins were made of electrum, a naturally occurring pale yellow mixture of gold and silver that was further alloyed with silver and copper. However, the Persian daric was the first gold coin which, along with a similar silver coin, the siglos, (From Ancient Greek σίγλος, Hebrew שֶׁקֶל (shékel))represented the bimetallic monetary standard of the Achaemenid Persian Empire which has continued till today.Also, the Persian coins were very

Context: Document [12](Title: Coinage of India) least eight succeeding kings and was a standard type in the kingdom. The silver coinage of Guptas starts with the overthrow of the Western Satraps by Chandragupta II. Kumaragupta and Skandagupta continued with the old type of coins (the Garuda and the Peacock types) and also introduced some other new types. The copper coinage was mostly confined to the era of Chandragupta II and was more original in design. Eight out of the nine types known to have been struck by him have a figure of Garuda and the name of the King on it. The gradual deterioration in design

Context: Document [13](Title: Kalachuri dynasty) controlled Vidarbha, where they succeeded the Vakataka and the Vishnukundina dynasties. In addition, the Kalachuris conquered northern Konkan (around Elephanta) by the mid-6th century. Here, they succeeded the Traikutaka dynasty. The origin of the Kalachuris is uncertain. Krishnaraja (r. c. 550-575) is the earliest known ruler of the dynasty. He issued coins featuring Brahmi script legends, imitating the design of earlier coins issued by the Traikutaka and the Gupta kings. His coins featuring a bull are based on the coins issued by Skandagupta. His silver coins were circulated widely for around 150 years after his reign. Krishnaraja's coins describe him

Context: Document [14](Title: Madurai Nayak dynasty) in Tiruchi that one of the Nayak rulers, Vijayaranga Chokkanatha Nayak, launched a stiff opposition to the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. Most Nayaka coins were made of gold or copper. The design, figures, size, and weight of Nayak coins all were similar to those of Vijayanagara coins. Sadasiva Nayaka issued some beautiful Nayaka coins: one gold coin shows Shiva and Parvati seated next to one another – Shiva holds the trisula (trident) and the mriga (antelope) in his hands. Another gold coin of the same ruler features the mythical bird Gandaberunda. This coin is almost identical to the gandabherunda coins minted

Context: Document [15](Title: Chalukya dynasty) the symbol of a temple on the obverse and a 'sceptre between lamps' or a temple on the reverse. Pulakeshin II's coins had a caparisoned lion facing right on the obverse and a temple on the reverse. The coins weighed 4 grams and were called, in old-Kannada, "hun" (or "honnu") and had fractions such as "fana" (or "fanam") and the "quarter fana" (the modern day Kannada equivalent being "hana" – which literally means "money"). A gold coin called "gadyana" is mentioned in a record at the Vijayeshwara Temple at Pattadakal, which later came to be known as "varaha" (their royal

Context: Document [16](Title: Mohur) princely states issued half-mohur coins (equal to 7 rupees and 8 anna). The "mohur" coin was first introduced by Sher Shah Suri during his rule in India between 1540 and 1545 and was then a gold coin weighing 169 grains (10.95 grams). He also introduced copper coins called "dam" and silver coins called "rupiya" that weighed 178 grains (11.53 grams). Later on, the Mughal emperors standardized this coinage of tri-metallism across the sub-continent in order to consolidate the monetary system. The word "mohur" or "mohor" is from the Persian word "muhr", which means "seal" and is cognate with the Sanskrit

Context: Document [17](Title: Udayaditya) inscription which names Udayaditya as Jagaddeva's father and Bhoja as Jagaddeva's paternal uncle. It may thus be surmised that the direct line ended with Jayasimha, and Udayaditya started a collateral branch of the dynasty. Udayaditya had three sons Lakshmadeva, Naravarman, Jagdeva, and one daughter. The elder sons in turn succeeded their father while the daughter, Shyamaladevi, was married to the Gohi prince Vijaysinha and become the mother of Alhandevi afterwards wife of the Chedi king Gayakarnadeva. The gold coins issued by Udayaditya are of 4.05 g weight. On the obverse of these coins the image of seated Lakshmi is depicted.

Context: Document [18](Title: Vijayanagara coinage) Vijayanagara coinage The Vijayanagara Empire from 1336–1646, was situated in Southern India and had a complex currency system that was used after the Empire ceased to exist. The standard unit of coin issued by the Vijayanagara Empire was the gold Pagoda in English or Varaha of 3.4 gr. The Varaha was also called the Hon, Gadyana or a Pon and came in the Ghattivaraha, Doddavaraha and Suddhavaraha coin. In the gold issue the different coins came in Varaha, this is used as a reference for the other coins values. 1 gold Varaha = 2 Pratapas = 4 Katis = 8

Context: Document [19](Title: Coin) continued to strike Lydia's lion-and-bull coinage. Original coins of the Achaemenid Empire were issued from 520 BCE-450 BCE to 330 BCE. The Persian Daric was the first truly Achaemenid gold coin which, along with a similar silver coin, the Siglos, represented the bimetallic monetary standard of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. The Achaemenid Empire already reached the doors of India during the original expansion of Cyrus the Great, and the Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley is dated to circa 515 BC under Darius I. An Achaemenid administration was established in the area. The Kabul hoard, also called the Chaman Hazouri

Context: Document [20](Title: Coinage of India) The Gupta Empire produced large numbers of gold coins depicting the Gupta kings performing various rituals, as well as silver coins clearly influenced by those of the earlier Western Satraps by Chandragupta II.

Question: first dynasty to issue gold coins in india?

Answer: The Gupta Empire