Repository: w3c/sdw-sosa-ssn
Pull request #287: Make definitions for System and its subclasses consistent
Author: login: dr-shorthair
Created: 2025-03-05T08:40:05Z | Merged: 2025-04-18T04:34:07Z

Preview here: https://raw.githack.com/w3c/sdw-sosa-ssn/280-consistent-defs-for-systems/ssn/index.html#SOSASystem

Closes #280

Linked issue #280: Divergence between Sensor (Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation)) and Actuator (device)
The definition of Sensor is quite wide, `Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation)` involved in or implementing a procedure

When we compare this with Actuator, it is much narrower, just a `device` that is used by, or implements, an (Actuation) Procedure 

Looking at the underlying RDF, there's nothing to back up this difference. Thus, shouldn't we expand the textual definition of Actuator to be parallel with Sensor? Support human actuators?
Linked issue comments: user: login: alexrobin
created_at: 2025-02-26T14:54:28Z
body: @KathiSchleidt I fully agree with this.
author_association: COLLABORATOR
user: login: dr-shorthair
created_at: 2025-03-05T06:53:06Z
body: Yes - there are many inconsistencies and asymmetries in the text. 
It'll require a close reading to tease all these out as we go public. 

I've added `documentation` and `editorial` tags so we can gather them all together. 
author_association: COLLABORATOR
user: login: dr-shorthair
created_at: 2025-03-05T07:37:30Z
body: @maximelefrancois86 created a related issue #284 with the following comment: 

> a sosa:System is "a piece of infrastructure that implements a Procedure."
> System generalizes the Actuator, Sensor, and Sampler classes.
> In its definition, sosa:Sensor covers devices, agents (including humans), or softwares (simulations).
> Therefore, agents (including humans), or softwares (simulations) are pieces of infrastructures.
> Maybe we should relax the definition of sosa:System to "an entity (such as a piece of infrastructure) that implements a Procedure."

I'll close that and we'll manage it all together here. 
author_association: COLLABORATOR

Diff:
diff --git a/ssn/chapters/Actuation.html b/ssn/chapters/Actuation.html
index 0c35fc76..15de6ec2 100644
--- a/ssn/chapters/Actuation.html
+++ b/ssn/chapters/Actuation.html
@@ -45,11 +45,10 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSAActuation">sosa:Actuation</a></h5>
         </p>
         <p>
             <em property="rdfs:label">Actuation</em> -
-            <span property="skos:definition">An <a href="#SOSAActuation">Actuation</a> carries out an
-                (Actuation) <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> to change the value of a <a
-                    href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a> using an <a href="#SOSAActuator">Actuator</a>.
-                <br>
-                <br>
+            <span property="skos:definition">Act of carrying out an actuating <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>
+                using an <a href="#SOSAActuator">Actuator</a> to change the value of an actuatable
+                <a href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a> of a <a href="#SOSAFeatureOfInterest">FeatureOfInterest</a>.
+                <br><br>
                 In this context,
                 <br>
                 - <a href="#SOSAhasResult">hasResult</a> shall indicate the expected value of the <a
@@ -363,9 +362,11 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSAActuator">sosa:Actuator</a></h5>
         </p>
         <p>
             <em property="rdfs:label">Actuator</em> -
-            <span property="skos:definition">A device or system that is used by, or implements, an (Actuation) <a
-                    href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> that changes the value of a <a
-                    href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a></span> <br>
+            <span property="skos:definition">
+                An entity that implements an actuating <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> to change the value of a
+                actuatable <a href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a>.
+                This may be a device, a piece of infrastructure, an agent (including humans), or software (simulation).
+            </span>
         </p>
         <p class="note">An Actuator may have a geographic location.
             See <a href="#ModelLocation">Location and Geometry</a> for patterns to describe this.</p>
diff --git a/ssn/chapters/Common.html b/ssn/chapters/Common.html
index b17baf83..e3ff9f12 100644
--- a/ssn/chapters/Common.html
+++ b/ssn/chapters/Common.html
@@ -1163,7 +1163,8 @@ <h6><a href="#SOSAExecution">sosa:Execution</a></h6>
                 This term is non-normative, pending further implementation experience</p>
             <p>
                 <em property="rdfs:label">Execution</em> -
-                <span property="skos:definition">Act of carrying out a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>.
+                <span property="skos:definition">Act of carrying out a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> using a
+                    <a href="#SOSASystem">System</a> concerning a <a href="#SOSAFeatureOfInterest">FeatureOfInterest</a>.
                 </span>
             </p>
             <p class="note">The different time-properties on a <a href="#SOSAExecution">sosa:Execution</a> support
@@ -2765,10 +2766,15 @@ <h6><a href="#SOSASystem">sosa:System</a></h6>
             <p>
                 <em property="rdfs:label">System</em> -
                 <span property="skos:definition">
-                    A piece of infrastructure that implements a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>.
+                    An entity that implements a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> in the context of an <a
+                        href="#SOSAExecution">Execution</a>.
+                    This may be a device, a piece of infrastructure, an agent (including humans), or software
+                    (simulation).
                     <br><br>
                     A System may have components, its sub-systems, which are other systems.
                 </span>
+                <span property="skos:note">
+                    Different Systems can implement the same (reusable) Procedure for different Executions. </span>
             </p>
             <p class="note">
                 See <a href="#ModelSystemType">Systems Types and Individuals</a> for guidance on
@@ -2806,8 +2812,13 @@ <h6><a href="#SOSASystem">sosa:System</a></h6>
                                 The association of a System (<a href="#SOSAActuator">Actuator</a>,
                                 <a href="#SOSASensor">Sensor</a>, or <a href="#SOSASampler">Sampler</a>) with a
                                 <a href="#SOSAFeatureOfInterest">FeatureOfInterest</a> is usually in the context of an
-                                <a href="#SOSAExecution">Execution</a> or a <a href="#SOSADeployment">Deployment</a> .
+                                <a href="#SOSAExecution">Execution</a> or a <a href="#SOSADeployment">Deployment</a>.
                                 <br><br>
+                                A <a href="#SOSASystem">sosa:System</a> can be hosted by a <a
+                                    href="#SOSAPlatform">sosa:Platform</a>.
+                                <br><br>
+                                A <a href="#SOSASystem">sosa:System</a> can be deployed for a specified time interval as
+                                part of a <a href="#SOSADeployment">sosa:Deployment</a>.
                             </span>
                         </td>
                     </tr>
diff --git a/ssn/chapters/Observation.html b/ssn/chapters/Observation.html
index e6cc6180..89b3a637 100644
--- a/ssn/chapters/Observation.html
+++ b/ssn/chapters/Observation.html
@@ -62,15 +62,10 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSAObservation">sosa:Observation</a></h5>
         </p>
         <p>
             <em property="rdfs:label">Observation</em> -
-            <span property="skos:definition">Act of carrying out an (Observation)
-                <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> to estimate or calculate a value of a property of a
-                <a href="#SOSAFeatureOfInterest">FeatureOfInterest</a>.
-                Links to a <a href="#SOSASensor">Sensor</a> to describe what made the
-                <a href="#SOSAObservation">Observation</a> and how; links to an
-                <a href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a> to describe what the result is an
-                estimate of, and to a
-                <a href="#SOSAFeatureOfInterest">FeatureOfInterest</a> to detail what that property was
-                associated with.</span>
+            <span property="skos:definition">An act of carrying out an observing <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>
+                using a <a href="#SOSASensor">Sensor</a> to estimate or calculate a value of an observable
+                <a href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a> of a <a href="#SOSAFeatureOfInterest">FeatureOfInterest</a>.
+            </span>
         </p>
         <p>
             <span property="skos:scopeNote">An <a href="#SOSAObservation">Observation</a> concerns a single
@@ -78,12 +73,10 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSAObservation">sosa:Observation</a></h5>
                 <a href="#SOSAFeatureOfInterest">FeatureOfInterest</a>.
                 Observations of multiple properties, or other combinations of Observations, may be described in an
                 <a href="#SOSAObservationCollection">ObservationCollection</a>.
-                <br>
-                <br>
+                <br><br>
                 Alternatively, applications may choose to encapsulate complexity by defining a complex property with
-                multiple individual components, and a corresponding complex result (e.g., a vector). This approach is
-                not
-                prohibited by the SSN Ontology, but the details are beyond the scope of SSN.</span>
+                multiple individual components, and a corresponding complex result (e.g., a vector).
+                This approach is not prohibited by the SSN Ontology, but the details are beyond the scope of SSN.</span>
         </p>
         <p>
             <span property="skos:scopeNote">
@@ -450,14 +443,15 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSASensor">sosa:Sensor</a></h5>
         </p>
         <p>
             <em property="rdfs:label">Sensor</em> -
-            <span property="skos:definition">An identifiable entity that can generate <a
-                    href="#SOSAObservation">Observations</a> pertaining to an <a href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a> by
-                implementing a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>.
-                Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation)
-                involved in, or implementing, a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>.
-                <a href="#SOSASensor">Sensors</a> respond to a
-                <a href="#SOSAStimulus">Stimulus</a>, e.g., a change in the environment,
-                or input data composed from the results of prior <a href="#SOSAObservation">Observations</a>
+            <span property="skos:definition">An entity that implements an observing
+                <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> in the context of an Observation to determine the value
+                of an observable <a href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a>.
+                This may be a device, a piece of infrastructure, an agent (including humans), or software (simulation).
+                <br><br>
+                A <a href="#SOSASensor">Sensor</a> responds to a <a href="#SOSAStimulus">Stimulus</a>,
+                e.g., a change in the environment, or input data composed from the results of prior
+                <a href="#SOSAObservation">Observations</a>.
+                This may be a device, a piece of infrastructure, an agent (including humans), or software (simulation).
             </span>
         </p>
 
@@ -1418,7 +1412,7 @@ <h6><a href="#SOSAresultQuality">sosa:resultQuality</a></h6>
                     <td>
                         <span property="skos:scopeNote">This instance-specific description complements the description
                             of the observation Procedure, which provides information concerning the quality of all
-                            observations using this procedure. 
+                            observations using this procedure.
                             Multiple measures can be provided. </span>
                         <br><br>
                         <span property="skos:note">The quality of a result can be assessed following the procedures in
diff --git a/ssn/chapters/Sampling.html b/ssn/chapters/Sampling.html
index 02c9968c..c70206ca 100644
--- a/ssn/chapters/Sampling.html
+++ b/ssn/chapters/Sampling.html
@@ -565,8 +565,11 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSASampler">sosa:Sampler</a></h5>
         </p>
         <p>
             <em property="rdfs:label">Sampler</em> -
-            <span property="skos:definition">A device that implements a (Sampling)
-                <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> to create or transform one or more samples.</span>
+            <span property="skos:definition">An entity that implements a sampling
+                <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> in the context of an <a href="#SOSASampling">Sampling</a>
+                to generate a <a href="#SOSASample">Sample</a>.
+                This may be a device, a piece of infrastructure, an agent (including humans), or software
+                (simulation).</span>
         </p>
         <p class="note">
             A Sampler may have a geographic location.
@@ -650,9 +653,9 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSASampling">sosa:Sampling</a></h5>
         </p>
         <p>
             <em property="rdfs:label">Sampling</em> -
-            <span property="skos:definition">An act of <a href="#SOSASampling">Sampling</a> carries out a
-                (Sampling) <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> to create one or more <a
-                    href="#SOSASample">Samples</a>.</span>
+            <span property="skos:definition">Act of carrying out a sampling <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> using
+                a <a href="#SOSASampler">Sampler</a> to create one or more <a href="#SOSASample">Samples</a> of the
+                <a href="#SOSAFeatureOfInterest">FeatureOfInterest</a>.</span>
         </p>
         <p class="note">
             The different time-properties on a <a href="#SOSASampling">sosa:Sampling</a> support
diff --git a/ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-actuation.ttl b/ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-actuation.ttl
index eefc7ed2..0351cee4 100644
--- a/ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-actuation.ttl
+++ b/ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-actuation.ttl
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ sosa:Actuation
   a owl:Class ;
   rdfs:label "Actuation"@en ;
   skos:definition """
-  An Actuation carries out an (Actuation) Procedure to change the value of a Property using an Actuator. 
+  Act of carrying out an actuating Procedure using an Actuator to change the value of an actuatable Property of a FeatureOfInterest.  
   
   In this context hasResult shall indicate the expected value of the Property at the completion of the Actuation
   """@en ;
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ sosa:Actuator
   a owl:Class ;
   rdfs:label "Actuator"@en ;
   skos:definition """
-  A device or system that is used by, or implements, an (Actuation) Procedure that changes the value of an Actuatable Property.
-  """@en ;
+  An entity that implements an actuating Procedure to change the value of a actuatable Property. 
+  This may be a device, a piece of infrastructure, an agent (including humans), or software (simulation)."""@en ;
   skos:example "A window actuator for automatic window control, i.e., opening or closing the window."@en ;
   rdfs:isDefinedBy sosa-act: .
 
diff --git a/ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-common.ttl b/ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-common.ttl
index ac857675..072ead5e 100644
--- a/ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-common.ttl
+++ b/ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-common.ttl
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ sosa:Execution
   a owl:Class ;
   rdfs:label "Execution of a Procedure"@en ;
   skos:definition """
-  Act of carrying out a Procedure. 
+  Act of carrying out a Procedure using a System concerning a FeatureOfInterest  
   """@en ;
   skos:scopeNote """
   Execution generalizes the Actuation, Observation, and Sampling classes. 
@@ -508,10 +508,12 @@ sosa:System
   a owl:Class ;
   rdfs:label "System"@en ;
   skos:definition """
-  A piece of infrastructure that implements a Procedure.
+  An entity that implements a Procedure in the context of an Execution. 
+  This may be a device, a piece of infrastructure, an agent (including humans), or software (simulation).
 
   A System may have components, its sub-systems, which are other systems.
   """@en ; 
+  skos:note "Different Systems can implement the same (reusable) Procedure for different Executions."@en ;
   skos:scopeNote """
   System generalizes the Actuator, Sensor, and Sampler classes. 
   It appears in the ontology to support the description of a common pattern for executions and their properties. 
@@ -526,6 +528,10 @@ sosa:System
   """@en ;
   skos:scopeNote """
   The association of a System (Actuator, Sensor, and Sampler) with a FeatureOfInterest is usually in the context of an Execution or a Deployment. 
+
+  A System can be hosted by a Platform. 
+
+  A System can be deployed for a specified time interval as part of a Deployment.
   """@en ;
   rdfs:isDefinedBy sosa-common: .
 
diff --git a/ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-observation.ttl b/ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-observation.ttl
index c43e645a..6185e54e 100644
--- a/ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-observation.ttl
+++ b/ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-observation.ttl
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ sosa:Observation
   a owl:Class ;
   rdfs:label "Observation"@en ;
   skos:definition """
-  Act of carrying out an (Observation) Procedure to estimate or calculate a value of a property of a FeatureOfInterest. Links to a Sensor to describe what made the Observation and how; links to a Property to describe what the result is an estimate of, and to a FeatureOfInterest to detail what entity that property was associated with.
+  An act of carrying out an observing Procedure using a Sensor to estimate or calculate a value of an observable Property of a FeatureOfInterest.  
   """@en ;
   skos:note """
-  When the feature of interest cannot be observed directly, a sample of it might be used in Observations as a proxy for it. In such a case the Sample is the proximate Feature of Interest of the Observation, while the (ultimate) Feature of Interest of the act of Sampling (i.e. the entity that the Sample is ultimately 'isSampleOf') is the ultimate Feature of Interest of the Observation.
+  When the feature of interest cannot be observed directly, a sample of it might be used in Observations as a proxy for it. In such case, the Sample is the proximate Feature of Interest of the Observation, while the (ultimate) Feature of Interest of the act of Sampling (i.e., the entity that the Sample is ultimately 'isSampleOf') is the ultimate Feature of Interest of the Observation.
   """ ;
   skos:scopeNote """
   An Observation concerns a single Property of a single FeatureOfInterest. 
@@ -79,13 +79,12 @@ sosa:Sensor
   skos:altLabel "Observer"@en ;
   skos:prefLabel "Sensor"@en ;
   skos:definition """
-  An identifiable entity that can generate Observations pertaining to a Property by implementing a (Observation) Procedure. Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation) involved in, or implementing, a Procedure. Sensors respond to a stimulus, e.g., a change in the environment, or input data composed from the results of prior Observations, and generate a Result. Sensors can be hosted by Platforms."""@en ;
+  An entity that implements an observing Procedure in the context of an Observation to determine the value of an observable Property. 
+  This may be a device, a piece of infrastructure, an agent (including humans), or software (simulation).
+
+  A Sensor responds to a stimulus (e.g., a change in the environment, or input data composed from the results of prior Observations) to generate a result.
+  """@en ;
   skos:example "Accelerometers, gyroscopes, barometers, magnetometers, and so forth are Sensors that are typically mounted on a modern smartphone (which acts as Host or Platform). Other examples of Sensors include the human eyes."@en ;
-  skos:note "Different Sensors can follow the same (reusable) observing Procedure for the creation of different Observations."@en ;
-  skos:scopeNote "The Sensor is the entity instance, not the entity type. Pertaining to sensors, the Sensor would reference the explicit sensor, while the Procedure would reference the methodology utilized by that sensor type;"@en ;
-  skos:note "A Sensor can be hosted by one or more Platform."@en ;
-  skos:note "The Sensor is an instance of a sensor, instrument, implementation of an algorithm, or a being such as a person."@en ;
-  skos:example "Accelerometers, gyroscopes, barometers, magnetometers, and so forth are Sensors that are typically mounted on a modern smart phone (which acts as Platform). Other examples of sensors include the human eyes."@en ;
   skos:note "The UML class 'Observer' from ISO 19156:2023 is implemented in SOSA by the OWL/RDFS class 'Sensor'. The class name 'Sensor' is preferred for backward compatibility with existing SOSA deployments. " ;
   rdfs:isDefinedBy sosa-obs: .
 
diff --git a/ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-sampling.ttl b/ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-sampling.ttl
index 298a7764..02f4f91e 100644
--- a/ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-sampling.ttl
+++ b/ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-sampling.ttl
@@ -94,16 +94,17 @@ sosa:Sampler
   a owl:Class ;
   rdfs:label "Sampler"@en ;
   skos:definition """
-  A device that implements a (Sampling) Procedure to create one or more samples.
+  An entity that implements a sampling Procedure in the context of a Sampling to generate a Sample.   
+  This may be a device, a piece of infrastructure, an agent (including humans), or software (simulation).
   """@en ;
-  skos:example "A ball mill, diamond drill, hammer, hypodermic syringe and needle, image Sensor or a soil auger can all act as sampling devices (i.e., be Samplers). However, sometimes the distinction between the Sampler and the Sensor is not evident, as they are packaged as a unit. A Sampler need not be a physical device."@en ;
+  skos:example "A ball mill, diamond drill, hammer, hypodermic syringe and needle, image Sensor, or a soil auger can all act as sampling devices (i.e., be Samplers). Sometimes, however, the distinction between the Sampler and the Sensor is not evident, as they are packaged as a unit. A Sampler need not be a physical device."@en ;
   rdfs:isDefinedBy sosa-sam: .
 
 sosa:Sampling 
   a owl:Class ;
   rdfs:label "Sampling"@en ;
   skos:definition """
-  An act of Sampling carries out a sampling Procedure to create or transform one or more samples.
+  Act of carrying out a sampling Procedure using a Sampler to create one or more Samples of the FeatureOfInterest.
   """@en ;
   skos:example "Crushing a rock sample in a ball mill."@en ;
   skos:example "Digging a pit through a soil sequence."@en ;


Reviews:
user: login: maximelefrancois86
state: APPROVED
author_association: CONTRIBUTOR
submitted_at: 2025-03-05T08:44:28Z
user: login: rob-metalinkage
body: Looks good to me - probably consistency with OMS is the key here though
state: COMMENTED
author_association: CONTRIBUTOR
submitted_at: 2025-03-12T10:15:25Z
user: login: ldesousa
state: DISMISSED
author_association: CONTRIBUTOR
submitted_at: 2025-03-12T10:37:33Z
user: login: TallTed
state: COMMENTED
author_association: MEMBER
submitted_at: 2025-03-12T17:54:47Z
user: login: TallTed
state: COMMENTED
author_association: MEMBER
submitted_at: 2025-03-12T17:55:55Z
user: login: TallTed
state: COMMENTED
author_association: MEMBER
submitted_at: 2025-03-12T17:57:16Z
user: login: TallTed
state: COMMENTED
author_association: MEMBER
submitted_at: 2025-03-12T17:57:37Z
user: login: TallTed
state: COMMENTED
author_association: MEMBER
submitted_at: 2025-03-12T17:58:11Z
user: login: TallTed
state: COMMENTED
author_association: MEMBER
submitted_at: 2025-03-12T17:58:44Z
user: login: TallTed
state: COMMENTED
author_association: MEMBER
submitted_at: 2025-03-12T18:00:20Z
user: login: TallTed
state: COMMENTED
author_association: MEMBER
submitted_at: 2025-03-12T18:00:55Z
user: login: TallTed
state: COMMENTED
author_association: MEMBER
submitted_at: 2025-03-12T18:01:45Z
user: login: dr-shorthair
state: COMMENTED
author_association: COLLABORATOR
submitted_at: 2025-03-15T23:19:40Z
user: login: dr-shorthair
state: COMMENTED
author_association: COLLABORATOR
submitted_at: 2025-03-15T23:36:18Z
user: login: dr-shorthair
state: COMMENTED
author_association: COLLABORATOR
submitted_at: 2025-03-15T23:37:14Z
user: login: dr-shorthair
state: COMMENTED
author_association: COLLABORATOR
submitted_at: 2025-03-15T23:38:12Z
user: login: dr-shorthair
state: COMMENTED
author_association: COLLABORATOR
submitted_at: 2025-03-15T23:38:39Z
user: login: dr-shorthair
state: COMMENTED
author_association: COLLABORATOR
submitted_at: 2025-03-15T23:38:45Z
user: login: dr-shorthair
state: COMMENTED
author_association: COLLABORATOR
submitted_at: 2025-03-15T23:41:35Z
user: login: TallTed
body: Small fixes
state: DISMISSED
author_association: MEMBER
submitted_at: 2025-04-02T19:35:09Z
user: login: dr-shorthair
state: COMMENTED
author_association: COLLABORATOR
submitted_at: 2025-04-03T01:56:40Z
user: login: oldskeptic
state: APPROVED
author_association: CONTRIBUTOR
submitted_at: 2025-04-16T00:35:13Z
user: login: oldskeptic
state: APPROVED
author_association: CONTRIBUTOR
submitted_at: 2025-04-16T00:35:27Z
user: login: oldskeptic
state: APPROVED
author_association: CONTRIBUTOR
submitted_at: 2025-04-16T00:35:46Z

Review comments:
diff_hunk: @@ -363,9 +363,11 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSAActuator">sosa:Actuator</a></h5>
         </p>
         <p>
             <em property="rdfs:label">Actuator</em> -
-            <span property="skos:definition">A device or system that is used by, or implements, an (Actuation) <a
-                    href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> that changes the value of a <a
-                    href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a></span> <br>
+            <span property="skos:definition">
+                An entity that implements a (Actuation) <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> to changes the value of a
path: ssn/chapters/Actuation.html
user: login: ldesousa
body: "to change the value"
created_at: 2025-03-12T10:31:19Z
author_association: CONTRIBUTOR
diff_hunk: @@ -2765,10 +2765,15 @@ <h6><a href="#SOSASystem">sosa:System</a></h6>
             <p>
                 <em property="rdfs:label">System</em> -
                 <span property="skos:definition">
-                    A piece of infrastructure that implements a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>.
+                    An entity that implements a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> in the context of an <a
path: ssn/chapters/Common.html
user: login: ldesousa
body: This is almost the same definition as for Actuator. Re-consider.
created_at: 2025-03-12T10:33:23Z
author_association: CONTRIBUTOR
diff_hunk: @@ -450,14 +448,15 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSASensor">sosa:Sensor</a></h5>
         </p>
         <p>
             <em property="rdfs:label">Sensor</em> -
-            <span property="skos:definition">An identifiable entity that can generate <a
-                    href="#SOSAObservation">Observations</a> pertaining to an <a href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a> by
-                implementing a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>.
-                Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation)
-                involved in, or implementing, a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>.
-                <a href="#SOSASensor">Sensors</a> respond to a
-                <a href="#SOSAStimulus">Stimulus</a>, e.g., a change in the environment,
-                or input data composed from the results of prior <a href="#SOSAObservation">Observations</a>
+            <span property="skos:definition">An entity that that implements a (Observation)
path: ssn/chapters/Observation.html
user: login: ldesousa
body: An entity implementing a (observing)
created_at: 2025-03-12T10:35:17Z
author_association: CONTRIBUTOR
diff_hunk: @@ -565,8 +565,11 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSASampler">sosa:Sampler</a></h5>
         </p>
         <p>
             <em property="rdfs:label">Sampler</em> -
-            <span property="skos:definition">A device that implements a (Sampling)
-                <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> to create or transform one or more samples.</span>
+            <span property="skos:definition">An entity that implements a (Sampling)
+                <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> in the context of an <a href="#SOSASampling">Sampling</a>
path: ssn/chapters/Sampling.html
user: login: ldesousa
body: a Sampling
created_at: 2025-03-12T10:35:44Z
author_association: CONTRIBUTOR
diff_hunk: @@ -363,9 +363,11 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSAActuator">sosa:Actuator</a></h5>
         </p>
         <p>
             <em property="rdfs:label">Actuator</em> -
-            <span property="skos:definition">A device or system that is used by, or implements, an (Actuation) <a
-                    href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> that changes the value of a <a
-                    href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a></span> <br>
+            <span property="skos:definition">
+                An entity that implements a (Actuation) <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> to changes the value of a
path: ssn/chapters/Actuation.html
user: login: TallTed
body: ```suggestion
                An entity that implements an (Actuation) <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> to change the value of a
```
created_at: 2025-03-12T17:54:47Z
author_association: MEMBER
diff_hunk: @@ -2808,6 +2813,11 @@ <h6><a href="#SOSASystem">sosa:System</a></h6>
                                 <a href="#SOSAFeatureOfInterest">FeatureOfInterest</a> is usually in the context of an
                                 <a href="#SOSAExecution">Execution</a> or a <a href="#SOSADeployment">Deployment</a> .
path: ssn/chapters/Common.html
user: login: TallTed
body: ```suggestion
                                <a href="#SOSAExecution">Execution</a> or a <a href="#SOSADeployment">Deployment</a>.
```
created_at: 2025-03-12T17:55:55Z
author_association: MEMBER
diff_hunk: @@ -450,14 +448,15 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSASensor">sosa:Sensor</a></h5>
         </p>
         <p>
             <em property="rdfs:label">Sensor</em> -
-            <span property="skos:definition">An identifiable entity that can generate <a
-                    href="#SOSAObservation">Observations</a> pertaining to an <a href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a> by
-                implementing a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>.
-                Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation)
-                involved in, or implementing, a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>.
-                <a href="#SOSASensor">Sensors</a> respond to a
-                <a href="#SOSAStimulus">Stimulus</a>, e.g., a change in the environment,
-                or input data composed from the results of prior <a href="#SOSAObservation">Observations</a>
+            <span property="skos:definition">An entity that that implements a (Observation)
path: ssn/chapters/Observation.html
user: login: TallTed
body: ```suggestion
            <span property="skos:definition">An entity that implements an (Observation)
```
created_at: 2025-03-12T17:57:16Z
author_association: MEMBER
diff_hunk: @@ -450,14 +448,15 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSASensor">sosa:Sensor</a></h5>
         </p>
         <p>
             <em property="rdfs:label">Sensor</em> -
-            <span property="skos:definition">An identifiable entity that can generate <a
-                    href="#SOSAObservation">Observations</a> pertaining to an <a href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a> by
-                implementing a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>.
-                Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation)
-                involved in, or implementing, a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>.
-                <a href="#SOSASensor">Sensors</a> respond to a
-                <a href="#SOSAStimulus">Stimulus</a>, e.g., a change in the environment,
-                or input data composed from the results of prior <a href="#SOSAObservation">Observations</a>
+            <span property="skos:definition">An entity that that implements a (Observation)
+                <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> in the context of an Observation in order to determine the value
+                of a (observable) <a href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a>.
path: ssn/chapters/Observation.html
user: login: TallTed
body: ```suggestion
                of an (observable) <a href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a>.
```
created_at: 2025-03-12T17:57:37Z
author_association: MEMBER
diff_hunk: @@ -565,8 +565,11 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSASampler">sosa:Sampler</a></h5>
         </p>
         <p>
             <em property="rdfs:label">Sampler</em> -
-            <span property="skos:definition">A device that implements a (Sampling)
-                <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> to create or transform one or more samples.</span>
+            <span property="skos:definition">An entity that implements a (Sampling)
+                <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> in the context of an <a href="#SOSASampling">Sampling</a>
path: ssn/chapters/Sampling.html
user: login: TallTed
body: ```suggestion
                <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> in the context of a <a href="#SOSASampling">Sampling</a>
```
created_at: 2025-03-12T17:58:11Z
author_association: MEMBER
diff_hunk: @@ -73,7 +73,8 @@ sosa:Actuator
   a owl:Class ;
   rdfs:label "Actuator"@en ;
   skos:definition """
-  A device or system that is used by, or implements, an (Actuation) Procedure that changes the value of an Actuatable Property.
+  An entity that implements a (Actuation) Procedure in the context of an Actuation to change the value of a (actuatable) Property. 
path: ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-actuation.ttl
user: login: TallTed
body: ```suggestion
  An entity that implements an (Actuation) Procedure in the context of an Actuation to change the value of an (actuatable) Property. 
```
created_at: 2025-03-12T17:58:44Z
author_association: MEMBER
diff_hunk: @@ -79,13 +79,12 @@ sosa:Sensor
   skos:altLabel "Observer"@en ;
   skos:prefLabel "Sensor"@en ;
   skos:definition """
-  An identifiable entity that can generate Observations pertaining to a Property by implementing a (Observation) Procedure. Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation) involved in, or implementing, a Procedure. Sensors respond to a stimulus, e.g., a change in the environment, or input data composed from the results of prior Observations, and generate a Result. Sensors can be hosted by Platforms."""@en ;
+  An entity that implements a (Observation) Procedure in the context of an Observation in order to determine the value of a (observable) Property. 
path: ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-observation.ttl
user: login: TallTed
body: ```suggestion
  An entity that implements an (Observation) Procedure in the context of an Observation in order to determine the value of an (observable) Property. 
```
created_at: 2025-03-12T18:00:20Z
author_association: MEMBER
diff_hunk: @@ -79,13 +79,12 @@ sosa:Sensor
   skos:altLabel "Observer"@en ;
   skos:prefLabel "Sensor"@en ;
   skos:definition """
-  An identifiable entity that can generate Observations pertaining to a Property by implementing a (Observation) Procedure. Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation) involved in, or implementing, a Procedure. Sensors respond to a stimulus, e.g., a change in the environment, or input data composed from the results of prior Observations, and generate a Result. Sensors can be hosted by Platforms."""@en ;
+  An entity that implements a (Observation) Procedure in the context of an Observation in order to determine the value of a (observable) Property. 
+  This may be a device, a piece of infrastructure, an agent (including humans), or software (simulation).
+
+  A Sensor responds to a stimulus, e.g., a change in the environment, or input data composed from the results of prior Observations, to generate a result.
path: ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-observation.ttl
user: login: TallTed
body: ```suggestion
  A Sensor responds to a stimulus (e.g., a change in the environment, or input data composed from the results of prior Observations) to generate a result.
```
created_at: 2025-03-12T18:00:54Z
author_association: MEMBER
diff_hunk: @@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ sosa:Sampler
   a owl:Class ;
   rdfs:label "Sampler"@en ;
   skos:definition """
-  A device that implements a (Sampling) Procedure to create one or more samples.
+  An entity that implements a (Sampling) Procedure in the context of an Sampling in order to generate a Sample. 
+  This may be a device, a piece of infrastructure, an agent (including humans), or software (simulation).
   """@en ;
   skos:example "A ball mill, diamond drill, hammer, hypodermic syringe and needle, image Sensor or a soil auger can all act as sampling devices (i.e., be Samplers). However, sometimes the distinction between the Sampler and the Sensor is not evident, as they are packaged as a unit. A Sampler need not be a physical device."@en ;
path: ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-sampling.ttl
user: login: TallTed
body: ```suggestion
  skos:example "A ball mill, diamond drill, hammer, hypodermic syringe and needle, image Sensor or a soil auger can all act as sampling devices (i.e., be Samplers). Sometimes, however, the distinction between the Sampler and the Sensor is not evident, as they are packaged as a unit. A Sampler need not be a physical device."@en ;
```
created_at: 2025-03-12T18:01:44Z
author_association: MEMBER
diff_hunk: @@ -2765,10 +2765,15 @@ <h6><a href="#SOSASystem">sosa:System</a></h6>
             <p>
                 <em property="rdfs:label">System</em> -
                 <span property="skos:definition">
-                    A piece of infrastructure that implements a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>.
+                    An entity that implements a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> in the context of an <a
path: ssn/chapters/Common.html
user: login: dr-shorthair
body: Yes. But that is the point. The definitions should be standalone - since SOSA modules do not have any subclassing - therefore they should be consistent up and down the subsumption hierarchy. 
created_at: 2025-03-15T23:19:40Z
author_association: COLLABORATOR
diff_hunk: @@ -450,14 +448,15 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSASensor">sosa:Sensor</a></h5>
         </p>
         <p>
             <em property="rdfs:label">Sensor</em> -
-            <span property="skos:definition">An identifiable entity that can generate <a
-                    href="#SOSAObservation">Observations</a> pertaining to an <a href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a> by
-                implementing a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>.
-                Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation)
-                involved in, or implementing, a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>.
-                <a href="#SOSASensor">Sensors</a> respond to a
-                <a href="#SOSAStimulus">Stimulus</a>, e.g., a change in the environment,
-                or input data composed from the results of prior <a href="#SOSAObservation">Observations</a>
+            <span property="skos:definition">An entity that that implements a (Observation)
path: ssn/chapters/Observation.html
user: login: dr-shorthair
body: @ldesousa the subclasses of Execution are Actuation, Observation, and Sampling. 
@TallTed not sure - I made "a" consistent with "Procedure" since the qualifier is parenthesized. But could be convinced otherwise. Perhaps I should de-capitalize Observation and move it out of the parenthesis, which would simplify the grammar. 
created_at: 2025-03-15T23:36:18Z
author_association: COLLABORATOR
diff_hunk: @@ -565,8 +565,11 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSASampler">sosa:Sampler</a></h5>
         </p>
         <p>
             <em property="rdfs:label">Sampler</em> -
-            <span property="skos:definition">A device that implements a (Sampling)
-                <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> to create or transform one or more samples.</span>
+            <span property="skos:definition">An entity that implements a (Sampling)
+                <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> in the context of an <a href="#SOSASampling">Sampling</a>
path: ssn/chapters/Sampling.html
user: login: dr-shorthair
body: It is 'a Procedure' with 'sampling' as a qualifier. See above. But could be improved. 
created_at: 2025-03-15T23:37:14Z
author_association: COLLABORATOR
diff_hunk: @@ -450,14 +448,15 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSASensor">sosa:Sensor</a></h5>
         </p>
         <p>
             <em property="rdfs:label">Sensor</em> -
-            <span property="skos:definition">An identifiable entity that can generate <a
-                    href="#SOSAObservation">Observations</a> pertaining to an <a href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a> by
-                implementing a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>.
-                Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation)
-                involved in, or implementing, a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>.
-                <a href="#SOSASensor">Sensors</a> respond to a
-                <a href="#SOSAStimulus">Stimulus</a>, e.g., a change in the environment,
-                or input data composed from the results of prior <a href="#SOSAObservation">Observations</a>
+            <span property="skos:definition">An entity that that implements a (Observation)
+                <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> in the context of an Observation in order to determine the value
+                of a (observable) <a href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a>.
path: ssn/chapters/Observation.html
user: login: dr-shorthair
body: I guess I'm being too cute with the parentheses ;-) 
created_at: 2025-03-15T23:38:12Z
author_association: COLLABORATOR
diff_hunk: @@ -73,7 +73,8 @@ sosa:Actuator
   a owl:Class ;
   rdfs:label "Actuator"@en ;
   skos:definition """
-  A device or system that is used by, or implements, an (Actuation) Procedure that changes the value of an Actuatable Property.
+  An entity that implements a (Actuation) Procedure in the context of an Actuation to change the value of a (actuatable) Property. 
path: ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-actuation.ttl
user: login: dr-shorthair
body: Same issue
created_at: 2025-03-15T23:38:39Z
author_association: COLLABORATOR
diff_hunk: @@ -79,13 +79,12 @@ sosa:Sensor
   skos:altLabel "Observer"@en ;
   skos:prefLabel "Sensor"@en ;
   skos:definition """
-  An identifiable entity that can generate Observations pertaining to a Property by implementing a (Observation) Procedure. Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation) involved in, or implementing, a Procedure. Sensors respond to a stimulus, e.g., a change in the environment, or input data composed from the results of prior Observations, and generate a Result. Sensors can be hosted by Platforms."""@en ;
+  An entity that implements a (Observation) Procedure in the context of an Observation in order to determine the value of a (observable) Property. 
path: ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-observation.ttl
user: login: dr-shorthair
body: Same issue
created_at: 2025-03-15T23:38:45Z
author_association: COLLABORATOR
diff_hunk: @@ -450,14 +448,15 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSASensor">sosa:Sensor</a></h5>
         </p>
         <p>
             <em property="rdfs:label">Sensor</em> -
-            <span property="skos:definition">An identifiable entity that can generate <a
-                    href="#SOSAObservation">Observations</a> pertaining to an <a href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a> by
-                implementing a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>.
-                Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation)
-                involved in, or implementing, a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>.
-                <a href="#SOSASensor">Sensors</a> respond to a
-                <a href="#SOSAStimulus">Stimulus</a>, e.g., a change in the environment,
-                or input data composed from the results of prior <a href="#SOSAObservation">Observations</a>
+            <span property="skos:definition">An entity that that implements a (Observation)
path: ssn/chapters/Observation.html
user: login: dr-shorthair
body: @ldesousa but you are right, it should be "observing Procedure". 
created_at: 2025-03-15T23:41:35Z
author_association: COLLABORATOR
diff_hunk: @@ -45,11 +45,10 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSAActuation">sosa:Actuation</a></h5>
         </p>
         <p>
             <em property="rdfs:label">Actuation</em> -
-            <span property="skos:definition">An <a href="#SOSAActuation">Actuation</a> carries out an
-                (Actuation) <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> to change the value of a <a
-                    href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a> using an <a href="#SOSAActuator">Actuator</a>.
-                <br>
-                <br>
+            <span property="skos:definition">Act of carrying out an actuating <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>
+                using an <a href="#SOSAActuator">Actuator</a> in order to change the value of an actuatable
path: ssn/chapters/Actuation.html
user: login: TallTed
body: ```suggestion
                using an <a href="#SOSAActuator">Actuator</a> to change the value of an actuatable
```
created_at: 2025-04-02T18:18:59Z
author_association: MEMBER
diff_hunk: @@ -450,14 +443,15 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSASensor">sosa:Sensor</a></h5>
         </p>
         <p>
             <em property="rdfs:label">Sensor</em> -
-            <span property="skos:definition">An identifiable entity that can generate <a
-                    href="#SOSAObservation">Observations</a> pertaining to an <a href="#SOSAProperty">Property</a> by
-                implementing a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>.
-                Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation)
-                involved in, or implementing, a <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a>.
-                <a href="#SOSASensor">Sensors</a> respond to a
-                <a href="#SOSAStimulus">Stimulus</a>, e.g., a change in the environment,
-                or input data composed from the results of prior <a href="#SOSAObservation">Observations</a>
+            <span property="skos:definition">An entity that that implements an observing
+                <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> in the context of an Observation in order to determine the value
path: ssn/chapters/Observation.html
user: login: TallTed
body: ```suggestion
            <span property="skos:definition">An entity that implements an observing
                <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> in the context of an Observation to determine the value
```
created_at: 2025-04-02T18:22:46Z
author_association: MEMBER
diff_hunk: @@ -79,13 +79,12 @@ sosa:Sensor
   skos:altLabel "Observer"@en ;
   skos:prefLabel "Sensor"@en ;
   skos:definition """
-  An identifiable entity that can generate Observations pertaining to a Property by implementing a (Observation) Procedure. Device, agent (including humans), or software (simulation) involved in, or implementing, a Procedure. Sensors respond to a stimulus, e.g., a change in the environment, or input data composed from the results of prior Observations, and generate a Result. Sensors can be hosted by Platforms."""@en ;
+  An entity that that implements an observing Procedure in the context of an Observation in order to determine the value of an observable Property. 
path: ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-observation.ttl
user: login: TallTed
body: ```suggestion
  An entity that implements an observing Procedure in the context of an Observation to determine the value of an observable Property. 
```
created_at: 2025-04-02T18:23:21Z
author_association: MEMBER
diff_hunk: @@ -565,8 +565,11 @@ <h5><a href="#SOSASampler">sosa:Sampler</a></h5>
         </p>
         <p>
             <em property="rdfs:label">Sampler</em> -
-            <span property="skos:definition">A device that implements a (Sampling)
-                <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> to create or transform one or more samples.</span>
+            <span property="skos:definition">An entity that implements a sampling
+                <a href="#SOSAProcedure">Procedure</a> in the context of an <a href="#SOSASampling">Sampling</a>
+                in order to generate a <a href="#SOSASample">Sample</a>.
path: ssn/chapters/Sampling.html
user: login: TallTed
body: ```suggestion
                to generate a <a href="#SOSASample">Sample</a>.
```
created_at: 2025-04-02T18:24:46Z
author_association: MEMBER
diff_hunk: @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ sosa:Actuation
   a owl:Class ;
   rdfs:label "Actuation"@en ;
   skos:definition """
-  An Actuation carries out an (Actuation) Procedure to change the value of a Property using an Actuator. 
+  Act of carrying out an actuating Procedure using an Actuator in order to change the value of an actuatable Property of a FeatureOfInterest.  
path: ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-actuation.ttl
user: login: TallTed
body: ```suggestion
  Act of carrying out an actuating Procedure using an Actuator to change the value of an actuatable Property of a FeatureOfInterest.  
```
created_at: 2025-04-02T18:25:32Z
author_association: MEMBER
diff_hunk: @@ -94,16 +94,17 @@ sosa:Sampler
   a owl:Class ;
   rdfs:label "Sampler"@en ;
   skos:definition """
-  A device that implements a (Sampling) Procedure to create one or more samples.
+  An entity that implements a sampling Procedure in the context of an Sampling in order to generate a Sample.   
path: ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-sampling.ttl
user: login: TallTed
body: ```suggestion
  An entity that implements a sampling Procedure in the context of a Sampling to generate a Sample.   
```
created_at: 2025-04-02T18:26:11Z
author_association: MEMBER
diff_hunk: @@ -94,16 +94,17 @@ sosa:Sampler
   a owl:Class ;
   rdfs:label "Sampler"@en ;
   skos:definition """
-  A device that implements a (Sampling) Procedure to create one or more samples.
+  An entity that implements a sampling Procedure in the context of an Sampling in order to generate a Sample.   
+  This may be a device, a piece of infrastructure, an agent (including humans), or software (simulation).
   """@en ;
-  skos:example "A ball mill, diamond drill, hammer, hypodermic syringe and needle, image Sensor or a soil auger can all act as sampling devices (i.e., be Samplers). However, sometimes the distinction between the Sampler and the Sensor is not evident, as they are packaged as a unit. A Sampler need not be a physical device."@en ;
+  skos:example "A ball mill, diamond drill, hammer, hypodermic syringe and needle, image Sensor or a soil auger can all act as sampling devices (i.e., be Samplers). Sometimes, however, the distinction between the Sampler and the Sensor is not evident, as they are packaged as a unit. A Sampler need not be a physical device."@en ;
path: ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-sampling.ttl
user: login: TallTed
body: ```suggestion
  skos:example "A ball mill, diamond drill, hammer, hypodermic syringe and needle, image Sensor, or a soil auger can all act as sampling devices (i.e., be Samplers). Sometimes, however, the distinction between the Sampler and the Sensor is not evident, as they are packaged as a unit. A Sampler need not be a physical device."@en ;
```
created_at: 2025-04-02T18:28:31Z
author_association: MEMBER
diff_hunk: @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ sosa:Observation
   a owl:Class ;
   rdfs:label "Observation"@en ;
   skos:definition """
-  Act of carrying out an (Observation) Procedure to estimate or calculate a value of a property of a FeatureOfInterest. Links to a Sensor to describe what made the Observation and how; links to a Property to describe what the result is an estimate of, and to a FeatureOfInterest to detail what entity that property was associated with.
+  An act of carrying out an observing Procedure using a Sensor to estimate or calculate a value of an observable Property of a FeatureOfInterest.  
   """@en ;
   skos:note """
   When the feature of interest cannot be observed directly, a sample of it might be used in Observations as a proxy for it. In such a case the Sample is the proximate Feature of Interest of the Observation, while the (ultimate) Feature of Interest of the act of Sampling (i.e. the entity that the Sample is ultimately 'isSampleOf') is the ultimate Feature of Interest of the Observation.
path: ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-observation.ttl
user: login: TallTed
body: ```suggestion
  When the feature of interest cannot be observed directly, a sample of it might be used in Observations as a proxy for it. In such case, the Sample is the proximate Feature of Interest of the Observation, while the (ultimate) Feature of Interest of the act of Sampling (i.e., the entity that the Sample is ultimately 'isSampleOf') is the ultimate Feature of Interest of the Observation.
```
created_at: 2025-04-02T19:28:44Z
author_association: MEMBER
diff_hunk: @@ -94,16 +94,17 @@ sosa:Sampler
   a owl:Class ;
   rdfs:label "Sampler"@en ;
   skos:definition """
-  A device that implements a (Sampling) Procedure to create one or more samples.
+  An entity that implements a sampling Procedure in the context of an Sampling in order to generate a Sample.   
+  This may be a device, a piece of infrastructure, an agent (including humans), or software (simulation).
   """@en ;
-  skos:example "A ball mill, diamond drill, hammer, hypodermic syringe and needle, image Sensor or a soil auger can all act as sampling devices (i.e., be Samplers). However, sometimes the distinction between the Sampler and the Sensor is not evident, as they are packaged as a unit. A Sampler need not be a physical device."@en ;
+  skos:example "A ball mill, diamond drill, hammer, hypodermic syringe and needle, image Sensor or a soil auger can all act as sampling devices (i.e., be Samplers). Sometimes, however, the distinction between the Sampler and the Sensor is not evident, as they are packaged as a unit. A Sampler need not be a physical device."@en ;
path: ssn/rdf/ontology/core/sosa-sampling.ttl
user: login: dr-shorthair
body: Oxford comma. Good stuff. 
created_at: 2025-04-03T01:56:40Z
author_association: COLLABORATOR

PR comments:
user: login: dr-shorthair
created_at: 2025-03-12T04:57:00Z
body: One more review required here: @ldesousa @oldskeptic @rob-metalinkage 
author_association: COLLABORATOR
user: login: dr-shorthair
created_at: 2025-03-17T00:53:04Z
body: parentheses removed
a vs an fixed
also made Execution defs consistent
RDF and HTML both contain the same defs
author_association: COLLABORATOR
user: login: dr-shorthair
created_at: 2025-04-01T21:30:30Z
body: > Looks good to me - probably consistency with OMS is the key here though

Can @KathiSchleidt and @sgrellet verify please? 
author_association: COLLABORATOR
user: login: dr-shorthair
created_at: 2025-04-01T21:31:00Z
body: @ldesousa are your concerns resolved? 
author_association: COLLABORATOR