Repository: rubybui/mind-matter
Pull request #17: add rate limiter using memcache
Author: login: rubybui
Created: 2025-05-11T04:12:34Z | Merged: 2025-05-11T06:41:43Z

### Description

Brief summary of the changes and any relevant context (design doc, screenshots of bugs...).
Add rate-limit middleware, a docker stage for memcache using flask caching (https://flask-caching.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)
#16 
Fixes # (issue)

### Changes

- **Feature**: Describe new features or changes.
- **Bugfix**: Outline any bug fixes.
- **Refactor**: Note any code refactoring.

### Testing

Describe tests run to verify changes. If manual testing has been done, provide instructions to reproduce.

- [ ] Unit tests
- [ ] Manual testing

### Checklist:

- [ ] Added tests for new features or bug fixes
- [ ] (For the final review) I have refactored my code :)


<!-- This is an auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai -->
## Summary by CodeRabbit

- **New Features**
  - Introduced rate limiting to the API, restricting clients to 5 requests per 60 seconds per endpoint.
- **Chores**
  - Enhanced Docker and Docker Compose configurations with a dedicated development environment and debug settings.
  - Updated and reorganized development and production dependencies for better maintainability.
<!-- end of auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai -->


Diff:
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index 5134810..8720065 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -12,6 +12,15 @@ COPY mind_matter_api mind_matter_api
 
 COPY .env.example .env
 
+# ================================= DEVELOPMENT ================================
+FROM builder AS development
+RUN pip install --no-cache -r requirements/dev.txt
+EXPOSE 2992
+EXPOSE 5000
+
+CMD [ "flask", "run", "--host=0.0.0.0"]
+
+
 # ================================= PRODUCTION =================================
 FROM python:${INSTALL_PYTHON_VERSION}-slim-bullseye as production
 
diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml
index 14f28cb..a04aac8 100644
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ services:
     ports:
       - "5000:5000"
       - "2992:2992"
+    environment:
+
+      FLASK_ENV: development
+      FLASK_DEBUG: 1
+
     <<: *default_volumes
 
   mind-matter-flask-prod:
diff --git a/mind_matter_api/app.py b/mind_matter_api/app.py
index ce62386..88de66d 100644
--- a/mind_matter_api/app.py
+++ b/mind_matter_api/app.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 from mind_matter_api.api import register_routes
 
 from mind_matter_api.schemas import UserSchema, UserBodySchema
+from mind_matter_api.middleware.rate_limit import rate_limit_middleware
 from mind_matter_api.extensions import (
     cache,
     csrf_protect,
@@ -32,8 +33,10 @@ def create_app(config_object="mind_matter_api.settings"):
     :param config_object: The configuration object to use.
     """
     app = Flask(__name__, root_path=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
-    CORS(app, resources={r"/*": {"origins": "*"}}, supports_credentials=True)  # <--- THIS LINE
-
+    CORS(app, resources={r"/*": {"origins": "*"}}, supports_credentials=False)  # <
+    
+    # Rate limiter using flask-caching (memcached )
+    
     logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
     # Load configuration
@@ -49,6 +52,11 @@ def create_app(config_object="mind_matter_api.settings"):
     register_routes(app)
     configure_logger(app)
 
+    app.before_request(rate_limit_middleware(
+        limit=5,
+        window=60,
+        exclude_paths=["/health"]
+    ))
 
     # Swagger UI
     Swagger(
diff --git a/mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py b/mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0fe2b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import time
+from flask import request, jsonify
+from mind_matter_api.extensions import cache
+from mind_matter_api.utils.auth import decode_auth_token  # assume this exists
+
+def get_rate_limit_identity():
+    # 1. Check for Device ID header (mobile apps)
+    device_id = request.headers.get("X-Device-ID")
+    if device_id:
+        return f"device:{device_id}"
+
+    # 2. Check for authenticated user (e.g. JWT bearer)
+    auth_header = request.headers.get("Authorization")
+    if auth_header and " " in auth_header:
+        token_type, token = auth_header.split(" ", 1)
+        if token_type.lower() == "bearer":
+            try:
+                user_id = decode_auth_token(token)
+                if user_id:
+                    return f"user:{user_id}"
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+    # 3. Fallback to IP address
+    return f"ip:{request.remote_addr or 'unknown'}"
+
+
+def rate_limit_middleware(limit: int, window: int, exclude_paths=None, exclude_methods=None):
+    exclude_paths = exclude_paths or []
+    exclude_methods = exclude_methods or []
+
+    def middleware():
+        if request.path in exclude_paths or request.method in exclude_methods:
+            return
+
+        identity = get_rate_limit_identity()
+        key = f"rate-limit:{identity}:{request.endpoint}"
+        now = time.time()
+
+        record = cache.get(key)
+
+        if record:
+            count, first_time = record
+            if now - first_time < window:
+                if count >= limit:
+                    retry_after = int(window - (now - first_time) + 1)
+                    response = jsonify({
+                        "error": "Rate limit exceeded",
+                        "retry_after_seconds": retry_after
+                    })
+                    response.headers["Retry-After"] = str(retry_after)
+                    return response, 429
+                cache.set(key, (count + 1, first_time), timeout=window * 2)
+            else:
+                cache.set(key, (1, now), timeout=window * 2)
+        else:
+            cache.set(key, (1, now), timeout=window * 2)
+
+    return middleware
diff --git a/requirements/dev.txt b/requirements/dev.txt
index ecae690..c48c8f3 100644
--- a/requirements/dev.txt
+++ b/requirements/dev.txt
@@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ pep8-naming==0.14.1
 
 Flask-Cors==5.0.0
 
-pyjwt==2.10.1
\ No newline at end of file
+
diff --git a/requirements/prod.txt b/requirements/prod.txt
index 3217bb9..b9d4b02 100644
--- a/requirements/prod.txt
+++ b/requirements/prod.txt
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Flask-Migrate==4.0.7  # Handles database migrations with Alembic
 
 # === Authentication and User Management ===
 Flask-Login==0.6.3  # User session management for Flask
-PyJWT==2.8.0  # JSON Web Token implementation
+pyjwt==2.10.1
 
 # === Deployment ===
 gevent==24.11.1  # Asynchronous networking library for concurrent requests
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ gunicorn>=19.9.0  # WSGI HTTP server for deploying Python applications
 supervisor==4.2.5  # Process manager for running background services
 
 
-# === Caching ===
-Flask-Caching>=2.0.2  # Adds caching support for better performance
 
 # === Environment Variable Management ===
 environs==11.2.1  # Simplifies parsing and managing environment variables
@@ -52,4 +50,8 @@ pytest-cov==6.0.0
 WebTest==3.0.2
 flasgger
 
+
 Flask-Mail
+
+# === Rate Limiting ===
+Flask-Caching==2.3.1


Reviews:
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: **Actionable comments posted: 9**

<details>
<summary>🔭 Outside diff range comments (1)</summary><blockquote>

<details>
<summary>mind_matter_api/app.py (1)</summary><blockquote>

`88-99`: _🛠️ Refactor suggestion_

**Potential double initialization of cache extension**

The cache is being initialized twice - once conditionally in `create_app` and again unconditionally here.


```diff
def register_extensions(app):
    """Register Flask extensions."""
-    cache.init_app(app)
+    if not hasattr(cache, '_cache'):  # Only initialize if not already done
+        cache.init_app(app)
    db.init_app(app)
    ma.init_app(app)
    # csrf_protect.init_app(app)
    debug_toolbar.init_app(app)
    migrate.init_app(app, db)
    flask_static_digest.init_app(app)
    login_manager.init_app(app)
    mail.init_app(app)
```

</blockquote></details>

</blockquote></details>

<details>
<summary>🧹 Nitpick comments (2)</summary><blockquote>

<details>
<summary>mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py (1)</summary><blockquote>

`1-23`: **Add unit tests for the rate limit middleware**

This is critical functionality that should be thoroughly tested to ensure it works as expected in various scenarios.

Would you like me to help create unit tests for this middleware that cover:
- Basic rate limiting functionality
- Handling of missing IP addresses
- Response format including headers
- Behavior after time window expiration

</blockquote></details>
<details>
<summary>docker-compose.yml (1)</summary><blockquote>

`67-70`: **Improve memcached healthcheck**

The current healthcheck only verifies that memcached is responding but doesn't verify it's functioning correctly.

```diff
     healthcheck:
-      test: ["CMD", "echo", "version", "|", "nc", "localhost", "11211"]
+      test: ["CMD", "sh", "-c", "echo 'stats' | nc localhost 11211 | grep -q 'STAT pid'"]
       interval: 5s
       timeout: 2s
       retries: 5
```

This improved healthcheck actually validates that memcached is working properly by checking for a valid stats response.

</blockquote></details>

</blockquote></details>

<details>
<summary>📜 Review details</summary>

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<details>
<summary>📥 Commits</summary>

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 4f286d76197fec612546a493c1ee0db76e70d152 and cf5e68dac9c1963f035e5a21bfda08cad1b55d6c.

</details>

<details>
<summary>📒 Files selected for processing (6)</summary>

* `Dockerfile` (1 hunks)
* `docker-compose.yml` (3 hunks)
* `mind_matter_api/app.py` (2 hunks)
* `mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py` (1 hunks)
* `requirements/dev.txt` (1 hunks)
* `requirements/prod.txt` (2 hunks)

</details>

<details>
<summary>🧰 Additional context used</summary>

<details>
<summary>🧬 Code Graph Analysis (1)</summary>

<details>
<summary>mind_matter_api/app.py (1)</summary><blockquote>

<details>
<summary>mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py (2)</summary>

* `middleware` (5-21)
* `rate_limit_middleware` (4-22)

</details>

</blockquote></details>

</details><details>
<summary>🪛 Ruff (0.8.2)</summary>

<details>
<summary>mind_matter_api/app.py</summary>

40-40: Local variable `logger` is assigned to but never used

Remove assignment to unused variable `logger`

(F841)

</details>

</details>

</details>

<details>
<summary>🔇 Additional comments (8)</summary><blockquote>

<details>
<summary>requirements/dev.txt (1)</summary>

`22-22`: **Minor: New blank line added at the end of file**

This change adds a newline at the end of the file, which is a good practice for text files.

</details>
<details>
<summary>Dockerfile (1)</summary>

`15-22`: **New development Docker stage looks good**

The new development stage is well-structured:
- It builds upon the existing builder stage
- Properly installs dev dependencies
- Exposes necessary ports (2992 and 5000)
- Sets appropriate Flask development command

This provides a dedicated development environment that matches the added memcache rate limiting functionality.

</details>
<details>
<summary>requirements/prod.txt (2)</summary>

`20-20`: **JWT library version updated**

Updated from PyJWT to lowercase pyjwt and upgraded to version 2.10.1.

---

`56-57`: **Cache dependency added for rate limiting**

Good addition of Flask-Caching with specific version and proper categorization under "Rate Limiting" section.

</details>
<details>
<summary>mind_matter_api/app.py (1)</summary>

`16-16`: **Good: Rate limit middleware import added**

The import for the rate limit middleware is correctly placed with other imports.

</details>
<details>
<summary>mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py (1)</summary>

`1-3`: <details>
<summary>✅ Verification successful</summary>

**Ensure cache import is properly configured**

The imports look good, but verify that the `extensions` module is properly configured to provide the cache instance before using this middleware.

---

🏁 Script executed:

```shell
#!/bin/bash
# Check if the cache extension is properly defined
grep -r "cache =" --include="*.py" mind_matter_api/extensions/ || echo "Cache extension not found"
```

Length of output: 186

---

🏁 Script executed:

```shell
#!/bin/bash
# 1. Locate any extension module files under mind_matter_api
echo "== Extension modules =="
find mind_matter_api -maxdepth 2 \( -type f -name "extensions.py" -o -type f -name "extensions_*.py" -o -type d -name "extensions" \)

# 2. Search for cache assignment within those files (if any) and across the package
echo "== Cache definitions in extension modules =="
grep -R "cache\s*=" -n mind_matter_api || echo "No cache assignment found in mind_matter_api"
```

Length of output: 409

---



</details>

**Cache import verified**  
The `cache` instance is defined in `mind_matter_api/extensions.py` (line 18), so the import in `mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py` is correctly configured. No further action needed.

</details>
<details>
<summary>docker-compose.yml (2)</summary>

`19-24`: **LGTM: Development environment configuration**

The configuration for the development Flask service correctly includes the necessary environment variables for the cache and development settings.

---

`41-43`: **LGTM: Production environment configuration**

The configuration for the production Flask service correctly includes the memcached connection details and dependency.

</details>

</blockquote></details>

</details>

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit for review status -->
state: COMMENTED
author_association: NONE
submitted_at: 2025-05-11T04:17:59Z
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: **Actionable comments posted: 1**

<details>
<summary>♻️ Duplicate comments (5)</summary><blockquote>

<details>
<summary>mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py (5)</summary><blockquote>

`6-9`: **Add docstrings to improve code documentation.**

The function signature is clear, but lacks documentation explaining the parameters and usage. Consider adding a comprehensive docstring to make the function more maintainable and understandable for other developers.



```diff
 def rate_limit_middleware(limit: int, window: int, exclude_paths=None, exclude_methods=None):
+    """
+    Creates a middleware function that enforces rate limiting based on client IP and endpoint.
+    
+    Args:
+        limit: Maximum number of requests allowed within the time window
+        window: Time window in seconds
+        exclude_paths: List of URL paths to exclude from rate limiting
+        exclude_methods: List of HTTP methods to exclude from rate limiting
+        
+    Returns:
+        A middleware function to be registered with Flask's before_request
+    """
     exclude_paths = exclude_paths or []
     exclude_methods = exclude_methods or []
```

---

`16-17`: _🛠️ Refactor suggestion_

**Improve IP address detection for proxy environments.**

The current implementation doesn't handle common proxy setups where the client IP is forwarded in headers like X-Forwarded-For. Using "global" as a fallback could group all clients without IPs under one rate limit bucket.



```diff
-    ip = request.remote_addr or "global"
+    # Use X-Forwarded-For header if behind proxy, fallback to remote_addr
+    ip = request.headers.get('X-Forwarded-For', request.remote_addr or f"unknown-{time.time()}")
     key = f"rate-limit:{ip}:{request.endpoint}"
```

---

`19-21`: _🛠️ Refactor suggestion_

**Consider adding cache entry expiration.**

No expiration time is set for cache entries, which could lead to memory growth over time as rate limit records accumulate.



Using a timeout ensures that old entries are automatically cleaned up by the cache system.

---

`25-27`: _🛠️ Refactor suggestion_

**Add Retry-After header and improve error response.**

The current implementation returns a basic error response without providing information on when the client can retry, which is a best practice for rate limiting APIs.



```diff
             if count >= limit:
-                return jsonify({"error": "Rate limit exceeded"}), 429
-            cache.set(key, (count + 1, first_time))
+                retry_after = int(window - (now - first_time) + 1)
+                response = jsonify({
+                    "error": "Rate limit exceeded",
+                    "retry_after_seconds": retry_after,
+                    "limit": limit,
+                    "window_seconds": window
+                })
+                response.headers["Retry-After"] = str(retry_after)
+                return response, 429
+            cache.set(key, (count + 1, first_time), timeout=window * 2)
```

---

`28-31`: _🛠️ Refactor suggestion_

**Add timeout to all cache operations.**

Cache entries should have an expiration time set to prevent memory growth. Apply this to all cache.set operations.



```diff
             else:
-                cache.set(key, (1, now))
+                cache.set(key, (1, now), timeout=window * 2)
         else:
-            cache.set(key, (1, now))
+            cache.set(key, (1, now), timeout=window * 2)
```

</blockquote></details>

</blockquote></details>

<details>
<summary>🧹 Nitpick comments (1)</summary><blockquote>

<details>
<summary>mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py (1)</summary><blockquote>

`1-33`: **Consider adding rate limit headers to all responses.**

The current implementation only provides rate limit information when the limit is exceeded. For a better developer experience, consider adding standard rate limit headers to all responses.


You could modify the middleware to attach headers like X-RateLimit-Limit, X-RateLimit-Remaining, and X-RateLimit-Reset to all responses by using Flask's `after_request` hook in addition to the current implementation.

```python
def rate_limit_headers_middleware(app, limit, window):
    @app.after_request
    def add_rate_limit_headers(response):
        # Skip if this is already a rate limit response
        if response.status_code == 429:
            return response
            
        ip = request.headers.get('X-Forwarded-For', request.remote_addr or "global")
        key = f"rate-limit:{ip}:{request.endpoint}"
        record = cache.get(key)
        
        if record and request.endpoint:
            count, first_time = record
            reset_time = first_time + window
            
            response.headers['X-RateLimit-Limit'] = str(limit)
            response.headers['X-RateLimit-Remaining'] = str(max(0, limit - count))
            response.headers['X-RateLimit-Reset'] = str(int(reset_time))
            
        return response
    
    return add_rate_limit_headers
```

</blockquote></details>

</blockquote></details>

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<details>
<summary>📒 Files selected for processing (3)</summary>

* `docker-compose.yml` (1 hunks)
* `mind_matter_api/app.py` (3 hunks)
* `mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py` (1 hunks)

</details>

<details>
<summary>🚧 Files skipped from review as they are similar to previous changes (2)</summary>

* docker-compose.yml
* mind_matter_api/app.py

</details>

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<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit for review status -->
state: COMMENTED
author_association: NONE
submitted_at: 2025-05-11T06:28:56Z
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: **Actionable comments posted: 1**

<details>
<summary>♻️ Duplicate comments (1)</summary><blockquote>

<details>
<summary>mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py (1)</summary><blockquote>

`28-31`: _🛠️ Refactor suggestion_

**Add docstring to rate_limit_middleware function**

The middleware function requires documentation to clearly explain its purpose and parameters.


```diff
 def rate_limit_middleware(limit: int, window: int, exclude_paths=None, exclude_methods=None):
+    """
+    Creates a middleware function that enforces rate limiting based on client identity and endpoint.
+    
+    Args:
+        limit: Maximum number of requests allowed within the time window
+        window: Time window in seconds during which the limit applies
+        exclude_paths: List of URL paths to exclude from rate limiting
+        exclude_methods: List of HTTP methods to exclude from rate limiting
+        
+    Returns:
+        A middleware function to be registered with Flask's before_request
+    """
     exclude_paths = exclude_paths or []
     exclude_methods = exclude_methods or []
```

</blockquote></details>

</blockquote></details>

<details>
<summary>🧹 Nitpick comments (4)</summary><blockquote>

<details>
<summary>mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py (4)</summary><blockquote>

`17-22`: **Refine JWT error handling**

The current exception handling is too broad and could mask unexpected errors.


```diff
             try:
                 user_id = decode_auth_token(token)
                 if user_id:
                     return f"user:{user_id}"
-            except Exception:
-                pass
+            except Exception as e:
+                # Log the error but continue to fallback
+                from flask import current_app
+                current_app.logger.warning(f"Error decoding auth token: {str(e)}")
```

The `decode_auth_token` function already handles specific JWT exceptions internally, so this broad exception handling might be redundant. Consider logging unexpected errors to help with debugging authentication issues.

---

`42-57`: **Simplify rate limiting logic**

The rate limiting implementation works correctly but could be more concise.


```diff
         if record:
             count, first_time = record
             if now - first_time < window:
                 if count >= limit:
                     retry_after = int(window - (now - first_time) + 1)
                     response = jsonify({
                         "error": "Rate limit exceeded",
                         "retry_after_seconds": retry_after
                     })
                     response.headers["Retry-After"] = str(retry_after)
                     return response, 429
                 cache.set(key, (count + 1, first_time), timeout=window * 2)
             else:
-                cache.set(key, (1, now), timeout=window * 2)
-        else:
-            cache.set(key, (1, now), timeout=window * 2)
+                # Reset counter since window has passed
+                record = None
+        
+        # Initialize new record if none exists or window has passed
+        if not record:
+            cache.set(key, (1, now), timeout=window * 2)
```

---

`36-37`: **Consider endpoint-specific rate limits**

Currently, the rate limit is applied uniformly across all endpoints for a given identity.


You might want to consider allowing different rate limits for different endpoints. This could be achieved by accepting a dictionary mapping endpoints to their specific limits, or by implementing a more advanced rate limiter class.

For the current implementation, you could add a comment explaining the rate limiting strategy:

```diff
         identity = get_rate_limit_identity()
+        # Create unique cache key combining identity and endpoint for per-endpoint rate limiting
         key = f"rate-limit:{identity}:{request.endpoint}"
```

---

`53-57`: **Add rate limit headers to successful responses**

The current implementation only includes rate limit information in error responses.


Consider adding rate limit headers to successful responses as well, to help clients manage their request rates before hitting limits:

```diff
                 cache.set(key, (count + 1, first_time), timeout=window * 2)
+                # Add rate limit headers to the response
+                @request.after_this_request
+                def add_rate_limit_headers(response):
+                    response.headers["X-RateLimit-Limit"] = str(limit)
+                    response.headers["X-RateLimit-Remaining"] = str(limit - (count + 1))
+                    response.headers["X-RateLimit-Reset"] = str(int(first_time + window))
+                    return response
             else:
                 cache.set(key, (1, now), timeout=window * 2)
+                # Add rate limit headers for new window
+                @request.after_this_request
+                def add_rate_limit_headers(response):
+                    response.headers["X-RateLimit-Limit"] = str(limit)
+                    response.headers["X-RateLimit-Remaining"] = str(limit - 1)
+                    response.headers["X-RateLimit-Reset"] = str(int(now + window))
+                    return response
```

This addition makes the API more compliant with common rate limiting practices and helps clients better manage their request rates.

</blockquote></details>

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<details>
<summary>mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py (1)</summary><blockquote>

<details>
<summary>mind_matter_api/models/users.py (1)</summary>

* `decode_auth_token` (67-81)

</details>

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</details>

<details>
<summary>🔇 Additional comments (2)</summary><blockquote>

<details>
<summary>mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py (2)</summary>

`8-10`: **Add validation for X-Device-ID header**

The current implementation accepts any value for X-Device-ID without validation.


Consider adding basic validation for the X-Device-ID header to prevent rate limit evasion through fabricated device IDs. For example:

```diff
     device_id = request.headers.get("X-Device-ID")
-    if device_id:
+    if device_id and len(device_id) >= 8 and len(device_id) <= 64:
         return f"device:{device_id}"
```

The specific validation rules will depend on your expected device ID format. Is there a standard format for device IDs in your application?

---

`3-4`: <details>
<summary>❓ Verification inconclusive</summary>

**Verify Flask-Caching import and configuration**

Based on PR objectives, there were concerns about Flask-Caching reliability.


Given the PR comments about Flask-Caching issues including "silent failures, installation problems, and thread handling difficulties", it would be worth ensuring that the caching configuration is properly tested.



Have you implemented any fallback mechanisms or monitoring to detect when the cache is not functioning properly?

---

🏁 Script executed:

```shell
#!/bin/bash
# Check for Flask-Caching configuration
grep -r "CACHE_TYPE\|CACHE_MEMCACHED" --include="*.py" .

# Verify memcached is properly configured in Docker
grep -r "memcached" --include="docker-compose*.yml" .
```

Length of output: 157

---



</details>

**Review Flask-Caching configuration and monitoring**

We found a `CACHE_TYPE` entry in `mind_matter_api/settings.py` but no `memcached` service in any `docker-compose` file. To ensure your cache is reliable and failures surface quickly:

• mind_matter_api/settings.py  
  – Verify `CACHE_TYPE` is set to a production backend (e.g. `"MemcachedCache"`).  
• docker-compose.yml (or similar)  
  – Add and configure a `memcached` service if you intend to use Memcached.  
• General  
  – Implement health checks, metrics, or a fallback (e.g., in-memory cache) to detect and recover from cache outages.

Have you included monitoring or fallback logic to catch silent cache failures?

</details>

</blockquote></details>

</details>

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit for review status -->
state: COMMENTED
author_association: NONE
submitted_at: 2025-05-11T06:38:47Z

Review comments:
diff_hunk: @@ -32,10 +33,16 @@ def create_app(config_object="mind_matter_api.settings"):
     :param config_object: The configuration object to use.
     """
     app = Flask(__name__, root_path=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
-    CORS(app, resources={r"/*": {"origins": "*"}}, supports_credentials=True)  # <--- THIS LINE
-
+    CORS(app, resources={r"/*": {"origins": "*"}}, supports_credentials=True)  # <
+    
+    # Rate limiter using flask-caching (memcached )
+    
     logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+    if not hasattr(cache, '_cache'):  # or check if cache.cache is None
+        cache.init_app(app)
+
path: mind_matter_api/app.py
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: _⚠️ Potential issue_

**Fix unused logger and potential cache initialization issue**

Two issues in this segment:
1. The `logger` variable is created but never used
2. The cache is initialized conditionally here but also unconditionally in `register_extensions`


```diff
-    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-    if not hasattr(cache, '_cache'):  # or check if cache.cache is None
-        cache.init_app(app)
+    # Initialize cache only once when needed
+    if not hasattr(cache, '_cache'):
+        # Cache will be fully initialized in register_extensions
+        pass
```

And update the `register_extensions` function to:

```python
def register_extensions(app):
    """Register Flask extensions."""
    if not hasattr(cache, '_cache'):
        cache.init_app(app)
    db.init_app(app)
    # ...rest of function...
```

<details>
<summary>🧰 Tools</summary>

<details>
<summary>🪛 Ruff (0.8.2)</summary>

40-40: Local variable `logger` is assigned to but never used

Remove assignment to unused variable `logger`

(F841)

</details>

</details>

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit -->
created_at: 2025-05-11T04:17:57Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -32,10 +33,16 @@ def create_app(config_object="mind_matter_api.settings"):
     :param config_object: The configuration object to use.
     """
     app = Flask(__name__, root_path=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
-    CORS(app, resources={r"/*": {"origins": "*"}}, supports_credentials=True)  # <--- THIS LINE
-
+    CORS(app, resources={r"/*": {"origins": "*"}}, supports_credentials=True)  # <
+    
+    # Rate limiter using flask-caching (memcached )
+    
     logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+    if not hasattr(cache, '_cache'):  # or check if cache.cache is None
+        cache.init_app(app)
+
 
+    app.before_request(rate_limit_middleware(limit=5, window=60))
path: mind_matter_api/app.py
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: _💡 Verification agent_

<details>
<summary>🧩 Analysis chain</summary>

**Rate limiting implementation could be improved**

While the basic rate limiting implementation works, consider these enhancements:


1. Make rate limits configurable via environment variables
2. Exclude certain endpoints (like `/health`) from rate limiting
3. Add a whitelist mechanism for internal services

Example implementation:

```diff
-app.before_request(rate_limit_middleware(limit=5, window=60))
+# Get rate limit values from environment or use defaults
+rate_limit = int(os.environ.get("RATE_LIMIT", "5"))
+rate_window = int(os.environ.get("RATE_WINDOW", "60"))
+
+# Create a rate limiter that excludes health checks
+def configure_rate_limiter():
+    limiter = rate_limit_middleware(limit=rate_limit, window=rate_window)
+    def rate_limit_except_health():
+        if request.endpoint == 'health_check':
+            return None  # Skip rate limiting for health checks
+        return limiter()
+    return rate_limit_except_health
+
+app.before_request(configure_rate_limiter())
```


Let's verify the impact of the rate limiter on the health check endpoint:

---

🏁 Script executed:

```shell
#!/bin/bash
# Check if health check endpoint is affected by rate limiter
echo "Checking if health check endpoint is rate limited..."

# Search for exclusions in rate limit implementation
echo "Looking for health check exclusions in rate limit code:"
rg -A 5 -B 5 "rate-limit|health_check" --type py
```

Length of output: 1614

---



</details>

**Implement configurable rate limiting and exempt health checks**

The current setup applies the same fixed rate limit to all endpoints, including `/health`. To improve flexibility and prevent unnecessary throttling of health probes:

• Make rate limits configurable via environment variables.  
• Exclude the health‐check endpoint from rate limiting.  
• (Optional) Add an IP-based whitelist for internal services.

Recommended changes:

1. In mind_matter_api/app.py – replace the fixed middleware registration:
```diff
--- a/mind_matter_api/app.py
+++ b/mind_matter_api/app.py
@@
-import os
-app.before_request(rate_limit_middleware(limit=5, window=60))
+import os
+from mind_matter_api.middleware.rate_limit import rate_limit_middleware
+
+# Load defaults from environment
+RATE_LIMIT = int(os.getenv("RATE_LIMIT", "5"))
+RATE_WINDOW = int(os.getenv("RATE_WINDOW", "60"))
+
+def configure_rate_limiter():
+    limiter = rate_limit_middleware(limit=RATE_LIMIT, window=RATE_WINDOW)
+    def _wrapper():
+        # Skip rate limiting for health checks
+        if request.endpoint == "health_check":
+            return None
+        return limiter()
+    return _wrapper
+
+app.before_request(configure_rate_limiter())
```

2. (Optional) In mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py – add an `exempt_endpoints` parameter so you can pass in other endpoints or IPs to whitelist:
```diff
-def rate_limit_middleware(limit: int, window: int):
+def rate_limit_middleware(limit: int, window: int, exempt_endpoints: list[str] = None):
     exempt_endpoints = set(exempt_endpoints or [])
     def middleware():
-        ip = request.remote_addr or "global"
+        if request.endpoint in exempt_endpoints:
+            return None
+        ip = request.remote_addr or "global"
```

These tweaks ensure your rate limits can be tuned at runtime and critical endpoints stay unthrottled.  

<!-- suggestion_start -->

<details>
<summary>📝 Committable suggestion</summary>

> ‼️ **IMPORTANT**
> Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.

`````suggestion
import os
from mind_matter_api.middleware.rate_limit import rate_limit_middleware

# Load defaults from environment
RATE_LIMIT = int(os.getenv("RATE_LIMIT", "5"))
RATE_WINDOW = int(os.getenv("RATE_WINDOW", "60"))

def configure_rate_limiter():
    limiter = rate_limit_middleware(limit=RATE_LIMIT, window=RATE_WINDOW)
    def _wrapper():
        # Skip rate limiting for health checks
        if request.endpoint == "health_check":
            return None
        return limiter()
    return _wrapper

app.before_request(configure_rate_limiter())
`````

</details>

<!-- suggestion_end -->

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit -->
created_at: 2025-05-11T04:17:57Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -32,10 +33,16 @@ def create_app(config_object="mind_matter_api.settings"):
     :param config_object: The configuration object to use.
     """
     app = Flask(__name__, root_path=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
-    CORS(app, resources={r"/*": {"origins": "*"}}, supports_credentials=True)  # <--- THIS LINE
-
+    CORS(app, resources={r"/*": {"origins": "*"}}, supports_credentials=True)  # <
path: mind_matter_api/app.py
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: _⚠️ Potential issue_

**Security concern with CORS configuration**

The current CORS configuration allows all origins (`*`) with `supports_credentials=True`, which is problematic. Browsers will reject this configuration when credentials are enabled.


Either:
1. Specify allowed origins explicitly instead of using wildcard `*`, or
2. Set `supports_credentials=False` if wildcard is needed

```diff
-CORS(app, resources={r"/*": {"origins": "*"}}, supports_credentials=True)  # <
+CORS(app, resources={r"/*": {"origins": "*"}}, supports_credentials=False)  # <
```

Or if specific origins should be allowed with credentials:

```diff
-CORS(app, resources={r"/*": {"origins": "*"}}, supports_credentials=True)  # <
+CORS(app, resources={r"/*": {"origins": ["https://your-frontend.com"]}}, supports_credentials=True)  # <
```


<!-- suggestion_start -->

<details>
<summary>📝 Committable suggestion</summary>

> ‼️ **IMPORTANT**
> Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.

`````suggestion
    CORS(app, resources={r"/*": {"origins": "*"}}, supports_credentials=False)  # <
`````

`````suggestion
    CORS(
        app,
        resources={r"/*": {"origins": ["https://your-frontend.com"]}},
        supports_credentials=True
    )  # <
`````

</details>

<!-- suggestion_end -->

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit -->

✅ Addressed in commit 6f0a6e0
created_at: 2025-05-11T04:17:58Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -32,10 +33,16 @@ def create_app(config_object="mind_matter_api.settings"):
     :param config_object: The configuration object to use.
     """
     app = Flask(__name__, root_path=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
-    CORS(app, resources={r"/*": {"origins": "*"}}, supports_credentials=True)  # <--- THIS LINE
-
+    CORS(app, resources={r"/*": {"origins": "*"}}, supports_credentials=True)  # <
+    
+    # Rate limiter using flask-caching (memcached )
+    
path: mind_matter_api/app.py
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: _💡 Verification agent_

<details>
<summary>🧩 Analysis chain</summary>

**Add cache configuration documentation**

The comment mentions memcached, but the actual cache configuration isn't shown in this file.


Add more detailed comments about the cache configuration:

```diff
-    # Rate limiter using flask-caching (memcached )
+    # Rate limiter using flask-caching with memcached backend
+    # Configuration is set through CACHE_TYPE and CACHE_MEMCACHED_SERVERS env vars
```


Let's check how the cache is configured:

---

🏁 Script executed:

```shell
#!/bin/bash
# Check cache configuration in settings or environment files
echo "Checking cache configuration..."
rg "CACHE_" --type py
rg "memcached|memcache" --type py
```

Length of output: 248

---

To confirm how the cache is actually configured, let’s inspect the `CACHE_TYPE` definition in `settings.py`.

---

🏁 Script executed:

```shell
#!/bin/bash
echo "Locating CACHE_TYPE in settings.py..."
CACHE_LINE=$(rg -n "CACHE_TYPE" mind_matter_api/settings.py | head -n1 | cut -d: -f2)
if [ -n "$CACHE_LINE" ]; then
  START=$((CACHE_LINE-2))
  [ $START -lt 1 ] && START=1
  END=$((CACHE_LINE+2))
  echo "Showing lines $START–$END from settings.py:"
  sed -n "${START},${END}p" mind_matter_api/settings.py
else
  echo "CACHE_TYPE not found in settings.py."
fi
```

Length of output: 358

---

Let’s directly pull the surrounding lines for `CACHE_TYPE` to see how it’s configured:

---

🏁 Script executed:

```shell
#!/bin/bash
echo "Showing context around CACHE_TYPE in settings.py..."
rg -n "CACHE_TYPE" mind_matter_api/settings.py -C3
```

Length of output: 391

---



</details>

**Clarify cache backend and configuration source**

The comment in `app.py` still refers to “memcached,” but the actual backend is defined in `mind_matter_api/settings.py` (defaulting to `SimpleCache`). Let’s update the inline docs to:

```diff
-    # Rate limiter using flask-caching (memcached )
+    # Rate limiter using flask-caching backend (default: SimpleCache)
+    # Backend and options are controlled in mind_matter_api/settings.py:
+    #   • CACHE_TYPE (e.g. "flask_caching.backends.SimpleCache", "flask_caching.backends.MemcachedCache", etc.)
+    #   • When using MemcachedCache, set CACHE_MEMCACHED_SERVERS to your memcached host(s)
```

• See settings at lines 33–35 in `mind_matter_api/settings.py`.  


<!-- suggestion_start -->

<details>
<summary>📝 Committable suggestion</summary>

> ‼️ **IMPORTANT**
> Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.

`````suggestion
    # Rate limiter using flask-caching backend (default: SimpleCache)
    # Backend and options are controlled in mind_matter_api/settings.py:
    #   • CACHE_TYPE (e.g. "flask_caching.backends.SimpleCache", "flask_caching.backends.MemcachedCache", etc.)
    #   • When using MemcachedCache, set CACHE_MEMCACHED_SERVERS to your memcached host(s)
`````

</details>

<!-- suggestion_end -->

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit -->
created_at: 2025-05-11T04:17:58Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import time
+from flask import request, jsonify
+from mind_matter_api.extensions import cache   
+def rate_limit_middleware(limit: int, window: int):
+    def middleware():
+        ip = request.remote_addr or "global"
+        key = f"rate-limit:{ip}:{request.endpoint}"
+        now = time.time()
+
+        record = cache.get(key)
+
path: mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: _🛠️ Refactor suggestion_

**Consider adding cache entry expiration**

No expiration time is set for cache entries, which could lead to memory growth over time.

```diff
         now = time.time()

         record = cache.get(key)
```

Consider setting an expiration time when adding entries to the cache:
```python
# Using a timeout slightly longer than the window to ensure entries are cleaned up
cache.set(key, (count, first_time), timeout=window * 2)
```

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit -->

✅ Addressed in commit ad54364
created_at: 2025-05-11T04:17:58Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import time
+from flask import request, jsonify
+from mind_matter_api.extensions import cache   
+def rate_limit_middleware(limit: int, window: int):
+    def middleware():
+        ip = request.remote_addr or "global"
+        key = f"rate-limit:{ip}:{request.endpoint}"
+        now = time.time()
path: mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: _🛠️ Refactor suggestion_

**Add docstring and improve IP address fallback**

The function signature is clear, but lacks documentation explaining the parameters and usage. Also, the fallback to "global" for missing IP addresses could lead to grouping all such requests under one rate limit bucket.

```diff
 def rate_limit_middleware(limit: int, window: int):
+    """
+    Creates a middleware function that enforces rate limiting based on client IP and endpoint.
+    
+    Args:
+        limit: Maximum number of requests allowed within the time window
+        window: Time window in seconds
+        
+    Returns:
+        A middleware function to be registered with Flask's before_request
+    """
     def middleware():
-        ip = request.remote_addr or "global"
+        # Use X-Forwarded-For header if behind proxy, fallback to remote_addr
+        ip = request.headers.get('X-Forwarded-For', request.remote_addr or "global")
```


<!-- suggestion_start -->

<details>
<summary>📝 Committable suggestion</summary>

> ‼️ **IMPORTANT**
> Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.

`````suggestion
def rate_limit_middleware(limit: int, window: int):
    """
    Creates a middleware function that enforces rate limiting based on client IP and endpoint.
    
    Args:
        limit: Maximum number of requests allowed within the time window
        window: Time window in seconds
        
    Returns:
        A middleware function to be registered with Flask's before_request
    """
    def middleware():
        # Use X-Forwarded-For header if behind proxy, fallback to remote_addr
        ip = request.headers.get('X-Forwarded-For', request.remote_addr or "global")
        key = f"rate-limit:{ip}:{request.endpoint}"
        now = time.time()
`````

</details>

<!-- suggestion_end -->

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit -->
created_at: 2025-05-11T04:17:58Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import time
+from flask import request, jsonify
+from mind_matter_api.extensions import cache   
+def rate_limit_middleware(limit: int, window: int):
+    def middleware():
+        ip = request.remote_addr or "global"
+        key = f"rate-limit:{ip}:{request.endpoint}"
+        now = time.time()
+
+        record = cache.get(key)
+
+        if record:
+            count, first_time = record
+            if now - first_time < window:
+                if count >= limit:
+                    return jsonify({"error": "Rate limit exceeded"}), 429
+                cache.set(key, (count + 1, first_time))
+            else:
+                cache.set(key, (1, now))
+        else:
+            cache.set(key, (1, now))
+    return middleware
path: mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: _🛠️ Refactor suggestion_

**Add Retry-After header and improve error response**

The current implementation returns a basic error response without providing information on when the client can retry. Also, the cache value updates should include an expiration time.

```diff
         if record:
             count, first_time = record
             if now - first_time < window:
                 if count >= limit:
-                    return jsonify({"error": "Rate limit exceeded"}), 429
-                cache.set(key, (count + 1, first_time))
+                    retry_after = int(window - (now - first_time) + 1)
+                    response = jsonify({
+                        "error": "Rate limit exceeded",
+                        "retry_after_seconds": retry_after
+                    })
+                    response.headers["Retry-After"] = str(retry_after)
+                    return response, 429
+                cache.set(key, (count + 1, first_time), timeout=window * 2)
             else:
-                cache.set(key, (1, now))
+                cache.set(key, (1, now), timeout=window * 2)
         else:
-            cache.set(key, (1, now))
+            cache.set(key, (1, now), timeout=window * 2)
     return middleware
```


<!-- suggestion_start -->

<details>
<summary>📝 Committable suggestion</summary>

> ‼️ **IMPORTANT**
> Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.

`````suggestion
        if record:
            count, first_time = record
            if now - first_time < window:
                if count >= limit:
                    retry_after = int(window - (now - first_time) + 1)
                    response = jsonify({
                        "error": "Rate limit exceeded",
                        "retry_after_seconds": retry_after
                    })
                    response.headers["Retry-After"] = str(retry_after)
                    return response, 429
                cache.set(key, (count + 1, first_time), timeout=window * 2)
            else:
                cache.set(key, (1, now), timeout=window * 2)
        else:
            cache.set(key, (1, now), timeout=window * 2)
    return middleware
`````

</details>

<!-- suggestion_end -->

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit -->

✅ Addressed in commit ad54364
created_at: 2025-05-11T04:17:58Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -48,3 +57,16 @@ services:
     stdin_open: true
     tty: true
     <<: *default_volumes
+
+  memcached:
+    image: memcached:alpine
+    ports:
+      - "11211:11211"
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ["CMD", "echo", "version", "|", "nc", "localhost", "11211"]
+      interval: 5s
+      timeout: 2s
+      retries: 5
path: docker-compose.yml
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: _🛠️ Refactor suggestion_

**Improve memcached service configuration**

The basic memcached service is configured, but lacks important production settings like memory limits and security considerations.

```diff
   memcached:
     image: memcached:alpine
+    command: ["-m", "64", "-c", "1024", "-I", "5m"]
     ports:
-      - "11211:11211"
+      - "127.0.0.1:11211:11211"
     restart: unless-stopped
     healthcheck:
       test: ["CMD", "echo", "version", "|", "nc", "localhost", "11211"]
       interval: 5s
       timeout: 2s
       retries: 5
+    environment:
+      - MEMCACHED_CONNECTION_LIMIT=1024
+    deploy:
+      resources:
+        limits:
+          memory: 128M
```

This improves the configuration by:
1. Setting a memory limit (64MB)
2. Setting a connection limit (1024)
3. Binding to localhost for security
4. Adding resource constraints
5. Setting item size limit (5MB)


<!-- suggestion_start -->

<details>
<summary>📝 Committable suggestion</summary>

> ‼️ **IMPORTANT**
> Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.

`````suggestion
  memcached:
    image: memcached:alpine
    command: ["-m", "64", "-c", "1024", "-I", "5m"]
    ports:
      - "127.0.0.1:11211:11211"
    restart: unless-stopped
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "echo", "version", "|", "nc", "localhost", "11211"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 2s
      retries: 5
    environment:
      - MEMCACHED_CONNECTION_LIMIT=1024
    deploy:
      resources:
        limits:
          memory: 128M
`````

</details>

<!-- suggestion_end -->

---

_💡 Verification agent_

<details>
<summary>🧩 Analysis chain</summary>

**Verify this memcached setup across the application**

Make sure the rate limiting middleware is properly integrated with the Flask application and that the memcached configuration is working as expected.

---

🏁 Script executed:

```shell
#!/bin/bash
# Check if the rate limiter is registered in the Flask app
grep -r "rate_limit_middleware" --include="*.py" mind_matter_api/

# Check for Flask-Caching configuration
grep -r "CACHE_MEMCACHED_SERVERS" --include="*.py" mind_matter_api/
```

Length of output: 410

---

🏁 Script executed:

```shell
#!/bin/bash
# Check for Flask-Caching import and usage
grep -R "from flask_caching" --include="*.py" mind_matter_api/ -n
grep -R "Cache(" --include="*.py" mind_matter_api/ -n

# Inspect app configuration for cache settings
grep -R "app.config" --include="*.py" mind_matter_api/ -n
```

Length of output: 1059

---

🏁 Script executed:

```shell
#!/bin/bash
# Inspect caching configuration in settings
grep -R "CACHE_" -n mind_matter_api/settings.py
grep -R "MEMCACHED" -n mind_matter_api/settings.py

# Verify Cache initialization in application
grep -R "cache.init_app" -n mind_matter_api/
grep -R "init_app" -n mind_matter_api/
```

Length of output: 846

---

🏁 Script executed:

```shell
#!/bin/bash
# Display cache configuration in settings
sed -n '1,200p' mind_matter_api/settings.py

# Review the rate limiting middleware implementation
sed -n '1,200p' mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py
```

Length of output: 2046

---



</details>

**Configure Flask-Caching to use Memcached in production**

Your Docker setup brings up a Memcached container, but the app’s default cache backend is still `SimpleCache`, so your rate-limit middleware is hitting the in-process cache, not Memcached.

Required fixes:
- mind_matter_api/settings.py  
  - Change `CACHE_TYPE` for production to `flask_caching.backends.MemcachedCache`  
  - Add `CACHE_MEMCACHED_SERVERS = ["memcached:11211"]` (via env var)
- docker-compose.yml  
  - Pass `MEMCACHED_SERVERS=memcached:11211` into your Flask service
- mind_matter_api/app.py  
  - Ensure `cache.init_app(app)` runs before you register `rate_limit_middleware`

Example diff for settings.py:
```diff
-CACHE_TYPE = (
-    "flask_caching.backends.SimpleCache"
-)
+if ENV == "production":
+    CACHE_TYPE = "flask_caching.backends.MemcachedCache"
+    CACHE_MEMCACHED_SERVERS = env.list("MEMCACHED_SERVERS",
+                                      default=["memcached:11211"])
+else:
+    CACHE_TYPE = "flask_caching.backends.SimpleCache"
```

Example snippet for docker-compose.yml:
```yaml
  app:
    environment:
      - MEMCACHED_SERVERS=memcached:11211
    depends_on:
      memcached:
        condition: service_healthy
```

This ensures your middleware actually leverages the Memcached instance you’ve stood up.

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit -->
created_at: 2025-05-11T04:17:58Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import time
+from flask import request, jsonify
+from mind_matter_api.extensions import cache   
+
+
+def rate_limit_middleware(limit: int, window: int, exclude_paths=None, exclude_methods=None):
+    exclude_paths = exclude_paths or []
+    exclude_methods = exclude_methods or []
+
+    def middleware():
+        cache.set("foo", "bar")
+        print(cache.get("foo"))  
path: mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: _⚠️ Potential issue_

**Remove debug code before production deployment.**

The `cache.set("foo", "bar")` and `print` statements appear to be debugging code that was left in the implementation. This could impact performance and pollute logs in production.


```diff
 def middleware():
-    cache.set("foo", "bar")
-    print(cache.get("foo"))  
     if request.path in exclude_paths or request.method in exclude_methods:
         return 
```


<!-- suggestion_start -->

<details>
<summary>📝 Committable suggestion</summary>

> ‼️ **IMPORTANT**
> Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.

`````suggestion
def middleware():
    if request.path in exclude_paths or request.method in exclude_methods:
        return
`````

</details>

<!-- suggestion_end -->

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit -->

✅ Addressed in commit ad54364
created_at: 2025-05-11T06:28:55Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import time
+from flask import request, jsonify
+from mind_matter_api.extensions import cache
+from mind_matter_api.utils.auth import decode_auth_token  # assume this exists
+
+def get_rate_limit_identity():
+    # 1. Check for Device ID header (mobile apps)
+    device_id = request.headers.get("X-Device-ID")
+    if device_id:
+        return f"device:{device_id}"
+
+    # 2. Check for authenticated user (e.g. JWT bearer)
+    auth_header = request.headers.get("Authorization")
+    if auth_header and " " in auth_header:
+        token_type, token = auth_header.split(" ", 1)
+        if token_type.lower() == "bearer":
+            try:
+                user_id = decode_auth_token(token)
+                if user_id:
+                    return f"user:{user_id}"
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+    # 3. Fallback to IP address
+    return f"ip:{request.remote_addr or 'unknown'}"
path: mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: _🛠️ Refactor suggestion_

**Add docstring and improve identity determination**

The `get_rate_limit_identity` function works correctly but lacks documentation and could be improved for IP address handling.


```diff
 def get_rate_limit_identity():
+    """
+    Determines the identity of the requester for rate limiting purposes.
+    
+    Attempts to identify the client in the following order:
+    1. From X-Device-ID header (for mobile apps)
+    2. From JWT bearer token in Authorization header
+    3. Fallback to client IP address
+    
+    Returns:
+        str: A string identifier in the format "device:{id}", "user:{id}", or "ip:{address}"
+    """
     # 1. Check for Device ID header (mobile apps)
     device_id = request.headers.get("X-Device-ID")
     if device_id:
         return f"device:{device_id}"

     # 2. Check for authenticated user (e.g. JWT bearer)
     auth_header = request.headers.get("Authorization")
     if auth_header and " " in auth_header:
         token_type, token = auth_header.split(" ", 1)
         if token_type.lower() == "bearer":
             try:
                 user_id = decode_auth_token(token)
                 if user_id:
                     return f"user:{user_id}"
             except Exception:
                 pass

     # 3. Fallback to IP address
-    return f"ip:{request.remote_addr or 'unknown'}"
+    # Use X-Forwarded-For header if behind proxy, fallback to remote_addr
+    ip = request.headers.get('X-Forwarded-For', request.remote_addr or 'unknown')
+    # Extract first IP if X-Forwarded-For contains multiple IPs
+    if ip and ',' in ip:
+        ip = ip.split(',')[0].strip()
+    return f"ip:{ip}"
```


<!-- suggestion_start -->

<details>
<summary>📝 Committable suggestion</summary>

> ‼️ **IMPORTANT**
> Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.

`````suggestion
def get_rate_limit_identity():
    """
    Determines the identity of the requester for rate limiting purposes.
    
    Attempts to identify the client in the following order:
    1. From X-Device-ID header (for mobile apps)
    2. From JWT bearer token in Authorization header
    3. Fallback to client IP address
    
    Returns:
        str: A string identifier in the format "device:{id}", "user:{id}", or "ip:{address}"
    """
    # 1. Check for Device ID header (mobile apps)
    device_id = request.headers.get("X-Device-ID")
    if device_id:
        return f"device:{device_id}"

    # 2. Check for authenticated user (e.g. JWT bearer)
    auth_header = request.headers.get("Authorization")
    if auth_header and " " in auth_header:
        token_type, token = auth_header.split(" ", 1)
        if token_type.lower() == "bearer":
            try:
                user_id = decode_auth_token(token)
                if user_id:
                    return f"user:{user_id}"
            except Exception:
                pass

    # 3. Fallback to IP address
    # Use X-Forwarded-For header if behind proxy, fallback to remote_addr
    ip = request.headers.get("X-Forwarded-For", request.remote_addr or 'unknown')
    # Extract first IP if X-Forwarded-For contains multiple IPs
    if ip and ',' in ip:
        ip = ip.split(',')[0].strip()
    return f"ip:{ip}"
`````

</details>

<!-- suggestion_end -->

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit -->
created_at: 2025-05-11T06:38:46Z
author_association: NONE

PR comments:
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
created_at: 2025-05-11T04:12:40Z
body: <!-- This is an auto-generated comment: summarize by coderabbit.ai -->
<!-- walkthrough_start -->

## Walkthrough

A new Docker development stage was added with development dependencies and ports exposed. The Docker Compose service for Flask development was updated to enable debug mode via environment variables. A rate limiting middleware was introduced to the Flask app, and caching and JWT dependencies were updated and reorganized in the requirements files.

## Changes

| File(s)                                   | Change Summary                                                                                                   |
|-------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Dockerfile                                | Added a `development` build stage based on `builder` with dev dependencies, exposed ports 2992 and 5000, and Flask dev server as default CMD. |
| docker-compose.yml                        | Updated `mind-matter-flask-dev` service to set `FLASK_ENV=development` and `FLASK_DEBUG=1` environment variables. |
| mind_matter_api/app.py                    | Added rate limiting middleware (`rate_limit_middleware`) with 5 requests per 60 seconds limit, excluded `/health`; changed CORS `supports_credentials` to False. |
| mind_matter_api/middleware/rate_limit.py | Added new `rate_limit_middleware` function implementing per-client, per-endpoint request limiting with cache support and exclusion options. |
| requirements/dev.txt                      | Removed version pinning for `pyjwt` and added a newline at the end of the file.                                 |
| requirements/prod.txt                     | Upgraded `pyjwt` from 2.8.0 to 2.10.1, reorganized and pinned `Flask-Caching` to 2.3.1, and improved spacing for clarity. |

## Sequence Diagram(s)

```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
    participant Client
    participant FlaskApp
    participant RateLimitMiddleware
    participant Cache

    Client->>FlaskApp: HTTP Request
    FlaskApp->>RateLimitMiddleware: before_request handler
    RateLimitMiddleware->>Cache: Retrieve request count for client/endpoint
    alt Within rate limit
        RateLimitMiddleware->>Cache: Update request count and timestamp
        RateLimitMiddleware-->>FlaskApp: Allow request
        FlaskApp-->>Client: Response
    else Exceeds rate limit
        RateLimitMiddleware-->>Client: 429 Too Many Requests
    end
```

## Poem

> 🐇 In Docker’s den, a new stage springs,  
> Ports open wide, and Flask now sings.  
> Five hops allowed, then hold your pace,  
> Rate limits guard this lively space.  
> Dependencies neat, the code takes flight,  
> A rabbit’s joy in coding light! ✨

<!-- walkthrough_end -->
<!-- internal state start -->


<!-- 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 -->

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<summary>✨ Finishing Touches</summary>

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</details>

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<!-- tips_end -->
author_association: NONE
user: login: rubybui
created_at: 2025-05-11T06:27:51Z
body: Memcache through Flask caching has too many issues and silent fails and can't handle installation and thread issues. Might try SlowAPI later if needed further cache capability- handle cross-worker persistence for example.
author_association: OWNER
user: login: rubybui
created_at: 2025-05-11T06:29:09Z
body: other dev also complain about memcache on flask cache https://github.com/pallets-eco/flask-caching/issues/415
author_association: OWNER