Repository: riya-amemiya/UMT
Pull request #271: refactor(Array): extract common sorting utilities
Author: login: riya-amemiya
Labels: name: main-package
name: typescript
Created: 2025-05-08T03:10:58Z | Merged: 2025-05-08T03:14:17Z

Extract insertion sort logic and range validation logic from quickSort and dualPivotQuickSort into shared helper functions.

The `insertionSort` function is now available via `applyInsertionSortIfNeeded` from `sortingHelpers.ts`, and range validation is handled by `validateRange` from `rangeValidator.ts`.

This refactoring aims to:
- Reduce code duplication across sorting algorithms.
- Improve modularity and maintainability of the codebase.
- Centralize common array processing logic.


Diff:
diff --git a/package/main/jest.config.ts b/package/main/jest.config.ts
index 0a9781ab..409aee88 100644
--- a/package/main/jest.config.ts
+++ b/package/main/jest.config.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ const config: Config = {
   collectCoverageFrom: [
     "<rootDir>/src/**/*.ts",
     "!<rootDir>/**/{isBrowser,isNode,isNodeWebkit,isBun}.ts",
+    "!<rootDir>/src/tests/benchmark/**/*.ts",
   ],
   coverageDirectory: "./coverage",
   moduleDirectories: ["node_modules", "src"],
diff --git a/package/main/src/Array/dualPivotQuickSort.ts b/package/main/src/Array/dualPivotQuickSort.ts
index deb7e4e1..2865ee6b 100644
--- a/package/main/src/Array/dualPivotQuickSort.ts
+++ b/package/main/src/Array/dualPivotQuickSort.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import { compareFunctionDefault } from "./compareFunctionDefault";
+import { validateRange } from "./rangeValidator";
+import { applyInsertionSortIfNeeded } from "./sortingHelpers";
 
-type CompareFunction<T> = (a: T, b: T) => number;
+import type { CompareFunction } from "$/array/compareFunction";
 
 interface PartitionResult {
   leftPivotIndex: number;
@@ -127,32 +129,6 @@ const partition = <T>(
   return { leftPivotIndex: left, rightPivotIndex: right };
 };
 
-/**
- * Sort small arrays using selection sort
- * @param array - Array to be sorted
- * @param start - Starting index
- * @param end - Ending index
- * @param compareFunction - Comparison function
- */
-const insertionSort = <T>(
-  array: T[],
-  start: number,
-  end: number,
-  compareFunction: CompareFunction<T>,
-): void => {
-  for (let index = start + 1; index <= end; index++) {
-    const current = array[index];
-    let index_ = index - 1;
-
-    while (index_ >= start && compareFunction(array[index_], current) > 0) {
-      array[index_ + 1] = array[index_];
-      index_--;
-    }
-
-    array[index_ + 1] = current;
-  }
-};
-
 /**
  * Internal implementation of dual-pivot quicksort
  * @param array - Array to be sorted
@@ -168,9 +144,15 @@ const sortRange = <T>(
   compareFunction: CompareFunction<T>,
   insertionSortThreshold: number,
 ): void => {
-  // Use insertion sort for small arrays
-  if (end - start + 1 <= insertionSortThreshold) {
-    insertionSort(array, start, end, compareFunction);
+  if (
+    applyInsertionSortIfNeeded(
+      array,
+      start,
+      end,
+      compareFunction,
+      insertionSortThreshold,
+    )
+  ) {
     return;
   }
 
@@ -232,15 +214,13 @@ export const dualPivotQuickSort = <T>(
   endIndex = array.length - 1,
   insertionSortThreshold = 10,
 ): T[] => {
-  // Validate and adjust indices
-  const validStartIndex = Math.max(0, Math.min(startIndex, array.length - 1));
-  const validEndIndex = Math.max(
-    validStartIndex,
-    Math.min(endIndex, array.length - 1),
-  );
+  const {
+    startIndex: validStartIndex,
+    endIndex: validEndIndex,
+    shouldSort,
+  } = validateRange(array, startIndex, endIndex);
 
-  // Sort array if valid range exists
-  if (validEndIndex >= validStartIndex) {
+  if (shouldSort) {
     sortRange(
       array,
       validStartIndex,
@@ -249,6 +229,5 @@ export const dualPivotQuickSort = <T>(
       insertionSortThreshold,
     );
   }
-
   return array;
 };
diff --git a/package/main/src/Array/quickSort.ts b/package/main/src/Array/quickSort.ts
index 46ab1f2f..9cc100fc 100755
--- a/package/main/src/Array/quickSort.ts
+++ b/package/main/src/Array/quickSort.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import { compareFunctionDefault } from "./compareFunctionDefault";
+import { validateRange } from "./rangeValidator";
+import { applyInsertionSortIfNeeded } from "./sortingHelpers";
 
 import type { CompareFunction } from "$/array/compareFunction";
 
@@ -79,33 +81,6 @@ const partition = <T>(
   }
 };
 
-/**
- * Sorts a portion of the array using insertion sort algorithm
- * @param array Array to sort
- * @param low Starting index of the range to sort
- * @param high Ending index of the range to sort
- * @param compareFunction Function to compare elements
- */
-const insertionSort = <T>(
-  array: T[],
-  low: number,
-  high: number,
-  compareFunction: CompareFunction<T>,
-): void => {
-  for (let index = low + 1; index <= high; index++) {
-    const key = array[index];
-    let currentIndex = index - 1;
-    while (
-      currentIndex >= low &&
-      compareFunction(array[currentIndex], key) > 0
-    ) {
-      array[currentIndex + 1] = array[currentIndex];
-      currentIndex--;
-    }
-    array[currentIndex + 1] = key;
-  }
-};
-
 /**
  * Internal implementation of the quicksort algorithm with tail-call optimization
  * @param array Array to sort
@@ -125,8 +100,15 @@ const sortImpl = <T>(
   let high = highInit;
 
   while (low < high) {
-    if (high - low < insertionSortThreshold) {
-      insertionSort(array, low, high, compareFunction);
+    if (
+      applyInsertionSortIfNeeded(
+        array,
+        low,
+        high,
+        compareFunction,
+        insertionSortThreshold,
+      )
+    ) {
       return;
     }
     const pivotIndex = partition(array, low, high, compareFunction);
@@ -166,19 +148,20 @@ export const quickSort = <T>(
   endIndex = array.length - 1,
   insertionSortThreshold = 10,
 ): T[] => {
-  // Only sort within valid range
-  const validStartIndex = Math.max(0, Math.min(startIndex, array.length - 1));
-  const validEndIndex = Math.max(
-    validStartIndex,
-    Math.min(endIndex, array.length - 1),
-  );
+  const {
+    startIndex: validStartIndex,
+    endIndex: validEndIndex,
+    shouldSort,
+  } = validateRange(array, startIndex, endIndex);
 
-  sortImpl(
-    array,
-    validStartIndex,
-    validEndIndex,
-    compareFunction,
-    insertionSortThreshold,
-  );
+  if (shouldSort) {
+    sortImpl(
+      array,
+      validStartIndex,
+      validEndIndex,
+      compareFunction,
+      insertionSortThreshold,
+    );
+  }
   return array;
 };
diff --git a/package/main/src/Array/rangeValidator.ts b/package/main/src/Array/rangeValidator.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..69ac00ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/package/main/src/Array/rangeValidator.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+export interface ValidatedSortRange {
+  startIndex: number;
+  endIndex: number;
+  shouldSort: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validates and adjusts the start and end indices for an operation on an array.
+ * Ensures indices are within the bounds of the array.
+ *
+ * @template T The type of elements in the array.
+ * @param {T[]} array The array.
+ * @param {number} startIndex The desired starting index.
+ * @param {number} endIndex The desired ending index.
+ * @returns {ValidatedSortRange} An object containing the validated start index, end index,
+ *                               and a boolean indicating if the operation should proceed on the range.
+ */
+export const validateRange = <T>(
+  // Renamed from validateSortRange for more general use
+  array: T[],
+  startIndex: number,
+  endIndex: number,
+): ValidatedSortRange => {
+  const length = array.length;
+  // Handle empty arrays early
+  if (length === 0) {
+    return { startIndex: 0, endIndex: -1, shouldSort: false };
+  }
+
+  const validatedStartIndex = Math.max(0, Math.min(startIndex, length - 1));
+  const validatedEndIndex = Math.max(
+    validatedStartIndex,
+    Math.min(endIndex, length - 1),
+  );
+
+  return {
+    startIndex: validatedStartIndex,
+    endIndex: validatedEndIndex,
+    shouldSort: validatedEndIndex >= validatedStartIndex,
+  };
+};
diff --git a/package/main/src/Array/sortingHelpers.ts b/package/main/src/Array/sortingHelpers.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..44dac9e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/package/main/src/Array/sortingHelpers.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import type { CompareFunction } from "$/array/compareFunction";
+import { insertionSort } from "@/Array/insertionSort";
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a partition is small enough to apply insertion sort and applies it if so.
+ *
+ * @template T The type of elements in the array.
+ * @param {T[]} array The array containing the partition.
+ * @param {number} low The starting index of the partition.
+ * @param {number} high The ending index of the partition.
+ * @param {CompareFunction<T>} compareFunction The function to compare elements.
+ * @param {number} insertionSortThreshold The size threshold for switching to insertion sort.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if insertion sort was applied, false otherwise.
+ */
+export const applyInsertionSortIfNeeded = <T>(
+  array: T[],
+  low: number,
+  high: number,
+  compareFunction: CompareFunction<T>,
+  insertionSortThreshold: number,
+): boolean => {
+  if (high - low + 1 <= insertionSortThreshold) {
+    insertionSort(array, compareFunction, low, high);
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+};


Reviews:
user: login: gemini-code-assist[bot]
body: Hello @riya-amemiya, I'm Gemini Code Assist[^1]! I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will post my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly get up to speed!

## Summary of Changes
This pull request focuses on refactoring the quicksort and dual pivot quicksort algorithms by extracting common logic into shared helper functions. Specifically, the insertion sort logic and range validation logic have been moved into `sortingHelpers.ts` and `rangeValidator.ts` respectively. This aims to reduce code duplication and improve the modularity and maintainability of the sorting algorithms.

### Highlights
* **Refactoring**: Insertion sort logic is extracted into `applyInsertionSortIfNeeded` function in `sortingHelpers.ts`.
* **Refactoring**: Range validation logic is extracted into `validateRange` function in `rangeValidator.ts`.
* **Code Duplication**: Code duplication is reduced by centralizing common array processing logic.

### Changelog
<details>
<summary>Click here to see the changelog</summary>

* **package/main/src/Array/dualPivotQuickSort.ts**
  * Imported `validateRange` from `./rangeValidator`.
  * Imported `applyInsertionSortIfNeeded` from `./sortingHelpers`.
  * Removed the `insertionSort` function, which is now handled by `applyInsertionSortIfNeeded`.
  * Replaced inline range validation with a call to `validateRange`.
  * Replaced inline insertion sort logic with a call to `applyInsertionSortIfNeeded`.
* **package/main/src/Array/quickSort.ts**
  * Imported `validateRange` from `./rangeValidator`.
  * Imported `applyInsertionSortIfNeeded` from `./sortingHelpers`.
  * Removed the `insertionSort` function, which is now handled by `applyInsertionSortIfNeeded`.
  * Replaced inline range validation with a call to `validateRange`.
  * Replaced inline insertion sort logic with a call to `applyInsertionSortIfNeeded`.
* **package/main/src/Array/rangeValidator.ts**
  * Created `rangeValidator.ts` to handle range validation logic.
  * Added `validateRange` function to validate and adjust start and end indices.
* **package/main/src/Array/sortingHelpers.ts**
  * Created `sortingHelpers.ts` to provide sorting utilities.
  * Added `applyInsertionSortIfNeeded` function to conditionally apply insertion sort.

</details>


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---

> A function's call,
> To sort the array's thrall,
> Logic extracted,
> Code impact retracted,
> Maintainability for all.


state: COMMENTED
author_association: CONTRIBUTOR
submitted_at: 2025-05-08T03:11:08Z
user: login: copilot-pull-request-reviewer[bot]
body: ## Pull Request Overview

This pull request refactors array sorting by extracting common insertion sort and range validation logic into shared helper functions to reduce code duplication and improve maintainability.
- Extraction of insertion sort logic into the applyInsertionSortIfNeeded function in sortingHelpers.ts.
- Extraction of array range validation into the validateRange function in rangeValidator.ts.
- Updates to quickSort.ts and dualPivotQuickSort.ts to integrate these helper functions.

### Reviewed Changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

| File                                    | Description                                                              |
| --------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| package/main/src/Array/sortingHelpers.ts      | Introduces the applyInsertionSortIfNeeded helper for conditional insertion sort application. |
| package/main/src/Array/rangeValidator.ts        | Provides the validateRange function to centralize and standardize range validation. |
| package/main/src/Array/quickSort.ts         | Refactors quickSort to use validateRange and applyInsertionSortIfNeeded, removing inline insertion sort logic. |
| package/main/src/Array/dualPivotQuickSort.ts  | Refactors dualPivotQuickSort similarly to quickSort by using the new helper functions. |




state: COMMENTED
author_association: CONTRIBUTOR
submitted_at: 2025-05-08T03:11:12Z
user: login: gemini-code-assist[bot]
body: ## Code Review
This pull request refactors the quicksort and dual-pivot quicksort algorithms to extract common sorting utilities, specifically insertion sort and range validation logic. This improves code modularity and reduces duplication. The changes look good overall.

### Summary of Findings
* **Naming consistency**: In `sortingHelpers.ts`, the parameters `low` and `high` are used, while in `rangeValidator.ts`, `startIndex` and `endIndex` are used. Consistent naming would improve readability.

### Merge Readiness
The changes look good and the refactoring seems well-executed. I recommend merging after addressing the naming consistency issue to improve readability. I am unable to directly approve this pull request, and recommend that others review and approve this code before merging.
state: COMMENTED
author_association: CONTRIBUTOR
submitted_at: 2025-05-08T03:11:20Z
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
state: APPROVED
author_association: NONE
submitted_at: 2025-05-08T03:13:32Z

Review comments:
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import type { CompareFunction } from "$/array/compareFunction";
+import { insertionSort } from "@/Array/insertionSort";
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a partition is small enough to apply insertion sort and applies it if so.
+ *
+ * @template T The type of elements in the array.
+ * @param {T[]} array The array containing the partition.
+ * @param {number} low The starting index of the partition.
+ * @param {number} high The ending index of the partition.
+ * @param {CompareFunction<T>} compareFunction The function to compare elements.
+ * @param {number} insertionSortThreshold The size threshold for switching to insertion sort.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if insertion sort was applied, false otherwise.
+ */
+export const applyInsertionSortIfNeeded = <T>(
+  array: T[],
+  low: number,
+  high: number,
path: package/main/src/Array/sortingHelpers.ts
user: login: gemini-code-assist[bot]
body: ![medium](https://img.shields.io/badge/priority-medium-yellow)

Consider using `startIndex` and `endIndex` here for consistency with `rangeValidator.ts`.

```suggestion
  startIndex: number,
```
created_at: 2025-05-08T03:11:20Z
author_association: CONTRIBUTOR
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import type { CompareFunction } from "$/array/compareFunction";
+import { insertionSort } from "@/Array/insertionSort";
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a partition is small enough to apply insertion sort and applies it if so.
+ *
+ * @template T The type of elements in the array.
+ * @param {T[]} array The array containing the partition.
+ * @param {number} low The starting index of the partition.
+ * @param {number} high The ending index of the partition.
+ * @param {CompareFunction<T>} compareFunction The function to compare elements.
+ * @param {number} insertionSortThreshold The size threshold for switching to insertion sort.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if insertion sort was applied, false otherwise.
+ */
+export const applyInsertionSortIfNeeded = <T>(
+  array: T[],
+  low: number,
+  high: number,
+  compareFunction: CompareFunction<T>,
path: package/main/src/Array/sortingHelpers.ts
user: login: gemini-code-assist[bot]
body: ![medium](https://img.shields.io/badge/priority-medium-yellow)

Consider using `startIndex` and `endIndex` here for consistency with `rangeValidator.ts`.

```suggestion
  endIndex: number,
```
created_at: 2025-05-08T03:11:20Z
author_association: CONTRIBUTOR

PR comments:
user: login: vercel[bot]
created_at: 2025-05-08T03:11:03Z
body: [vc]: #yIT3GrXQAmwmUa7sNG70bMgi4TnOUw0CPn8z/rGL9Iw=: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| :--- | :----- | :------ | :------- | :------ |
| **umt-main** | ✅ Ready ([Inspect](https://vercel.com/riyaamemiyas-projects/umt-main/AJMw4gLYSwL51J1GYp3N5ZXN1HKM)) | [Visit Preview](https://umt-main-git-riya-amemiya-add-benchmark-riyaamemiyas-projects.vercel.app) | 💬 [**Add feedback**](https://vercel.live/open-feedback/umt-main-git-riya-amemiya-add-benchmark-riyaamemiyas-projects.vercel.app?via=pr-comment-feedback-link) | May 8, 2025 3:13am |


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</details>

<!-- tips_end -->
author_association: NONE
user: login: codecov[bot]
created_at: 2025-05-08T03:12:27Z
body: ## [Codecov](https://app.codecov.io/gh/riya-amemiya/UMT/pull/271?dropdown=coverage&src=pr&el=h1&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=Yuta+Nishi) Report
All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:
> Project coverage is 100.00%. Comparing base [(`e6afc73`)](https://app.codecov.io/gh/riya-amemiya/UMT/commit/e6afc73e2673934bf4b533173edd1c3c2f876f5b?dropdown=coverage&el=desc&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=Yuta+Nishi) to head [(`227b0cc`)](https://app.codecov.io/gh/riya-amemiya/UMT/commit/227b0ccd2d1ff49c912ba159206e8da448d14591?dropdown=coverage&el=desc&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=Yuta+Nishi).
> Report is 5 commits behind head on feature/main-2.4.0.

<details><summary>Additional details and impacted files</summary>


```diff
@@                   Coverage Diff                   @@
##           feature/main-2.4.0      #271      +/-   ##
=======================================================
+ Coverage               97.63%   100.00%   +2.36%     
=======================================================
  Files                     175       176       +1     
  Lines                    1901      1852      -49     
  Branches                  434       444      +10     
=======================================================
- Hits                     1856      1852       -4     
+ Misses                     45         0      -45     
```

</details>

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</details>
author_association: NONE