Repository: NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl
Pull request #70: feat(#69): Support serializing pydantic.networks.AnyUrl
Author: login: phuongfi91
Created: 2025-05-21T06:05:54Z | Merged: 2025-05-21T06:23:49Z

Fixes #69

## Summary by Sourcery

Add custom JSON rendering to support serializing Pydantic AnyUrl and related types; extend AmazonAuthorProfile with a profile_url field; remove legacy publisher_type support; and wire CrudlJSONRenderer as the default API renderer.

New Features:
- Introduce CrudlJSONRenderer with a custom CrudlJSONEncoder to serialize Pydantic BaseModel, AnyUrl, Url, IP network types, and Enums
- Add a nullable profile_url URLField to AmazonAuthorProfile and expose it in CRUDL schemas and tests

Enhancements:
- Set CrudlJSONRenderer as the default renderer in the API class

Tests:
- Update tests to include profile_url and remove references to publisher_type

Chores:
- Remove the experimental PublisherType enum and publisher_type field from models, migrations, schemas, and tests 
 

<!-- Reviewable:start -->
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This change is [<img src="https://reviewable.io/review_button.svg" height="34" align="absmiddle" alt="Reviewable"/>](https://reviewable.io/reviews/NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl/70)
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<!-- This is an auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai -->
## Summary by CodeRabbit

- **New Features**
  - Added support for a new optional "profile_url" field to the Amazon Author Profile, available in both the API and user interface.

- **Bug Fixes**
  - Improved JSON serialization for complex data types in API responses, ensuring better compatibility and readability.

- **Refactor**
  - Removed the "publisher_type" field from the Publisher model and related API endpoints.

- **Tests**
  - Updated tests to reflect the addition of "profile_url" and the removal of "publisher_type".
<!-- end of auto-generated comment: release notes by coderabbit.ai -->

<!-- Korbit AI PR Description Start -->
## Description by Korbit AI

### What change is being made?
Add support for serializing `pydantic.networks.AnyUrl` within the `django_ninja_crudl` package by introducing a custom JSON renderer and encoder, and make `profile_url` a serializable field in models.

### Why are these changes being made?
The changes are made to enhance JSON serialization of `AnyUrl` types in Django Ninja CRUDL, accommodating URL fields in models like `AmazonAuthorProfile`, and to simplify the codebase by removing unused fields and enumerations, thus streamlining the model definitions. This approach ensures better alignment with Django's handling of URL fields and enhances the framework's extensibility.

> Is this description stale? Ask me to generate a new description by commenting `/korbit-generate-pr-description`
<!-- Korbit AI PR Description End --> 
 <div id='description'>
<h3>Summary by Bito</h3>
This pull request introduces a custom JSON renderer, CrudlJSONRenderer, to improve serialization of Pydantic models, particularly for AnyUrl types. It adds a new optional 'profile_url' field to the Amazon Author Profile model, updates API schemas, and removes the legacy publisher_type field, enhancing code clarity and efficiency.
<br>
<br>
<b>Unit tests added</b>: True
<br>
<br>
<b>Estimated effort to review (1-5, lower is better)</b>: 2 - The changes are well-defined and the code quality appears high, making the review straightforward.
</div>

Linked issue #69: Support serializing pydantic.networks.AnyUrl

Diff:
diff --git a/django_ninja_crudl/api.py b/django_ninja_crudl/api.py
index a3b63f1..34adef2 100644
--- a/django_ninja_crudl/api.py
+++ b/django_ninja_crudl/api.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
     Error500InternalServerErrorSchema,
     ErrorSchema,
 )
+from django_ninja_crudl.renderers import CrudlJSONRenderer
 from django_ninja_crudl.utils import get_request_id
 
 logger = logging.getLogger("django")
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
             csrf=csrf,
             auth=auth,
             throttle=throttle,
-            renderer=renderer,
+            renderer=renderer or CrudlJSONRenderer(),
             parser=parser,
             openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
             app_name=app_name,
diff --git a/django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py b/django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1484421
--- /dev/null
+++ b/django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+"""Django Ninja CRUDL JSON Renderer."""
+
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, override
+
+from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
+from ninja.renderers import JSONRenderer
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl
+from pydantic_core import Url
+
+__all__ = ["CrudlJSONEncoder", "CrudlJSONRenderer"]
+
+
+class CrudlJSONEncoder(DjangoJSONEncoder):
+    """Custom JSON encoder for Django Ninja CRUDL."""
+
+    @override
+    def default(self, o: Any) -> Any:  # pyright: ignore [reportExplicitAny, reportAny]
+        if isinstance(o, BaseModel):
+            return o.model_dump()
+        if isinstance(o, (Url, AnyUrl)):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, (IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network)):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, Enum):
+            return str(o)
+        return super().default(o)  # pyright: ignore [reportAny]
+
+
+class CrudlJSONRenderer(JSONRenderer):
+    """Custom JSON renderer for Django Ninja CRUDL."""
+
+    encoder_class: type[json.JSONEncoder] = CrudlJSONEncoder
diff --git a/tests/test_basic_crudl_operations_are_supported.py b/tests/test_basic_crudl_operations_are_supported.py
index a1b9931..c6106e2 100644
--- a/tests/test_basic_crudl_operations_are_supported.py
+++ b/tests/test_basic_crudl_operations_are_supported.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ def test_create_resource_with_post_works(client: Client) -> None:
         data={
             "name": "Some publisher",
             "address": "Some address",
-            "publisher_type": "P",
         },
     )
     assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_201_CREATED, response.json()
diff --git a/tests/test_django/app/migrations/0001_initial.py b/tests/test_django/app/migrations/0001_initial.py
index 6e1047e..72af0c0 100644
--- a/tests/test_django/app/migrations/0001_initial.py
+++ b/tests/test_django/app/migrations/0001_initial.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Generated by Django 5.1.4 on 2025-04-30 06:27
+# Generated by Django 5.2 on 2025-05-21 05:54
 
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.conf import settings
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
                     ),
                 ),
                 ("created_at", models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)),
+                ("profile_url", models.URLField(blank=True, null=True)),
                 ("description", models.TextField()),
                 (
                     "created_by",
@@ -258,18 +259,6 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
                 ("created_at", models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)),
                 ("name", models.CharField(max_length=100)),
                 ("address", models.TextField(help_text="Publisher's official address")),
-                (
-                    "publisher_type",
-                    models.CharField(
-                        choices=[
-                            ("P", "PUBLISHER"),
-                            ("D", "DISTRIBUTOR"),
-                            ("B", "BOOKSTORE"),
-                        ],
-                        default="P",
-                        max_length=10,
-                    ),
-                ),
                 (
                     "created_by",
                     models.ForeignKey(
diff --git a/tests/test_django/app/models.py b/tests/test_django/app/models.py
index 6567d52..4777edd 100644
--- a/tests/test_django/app/models.py
+++ b/tests/test_django/app/models.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 """Models for the Django test project."""
 
-from enum import Enum
 from typing import override
 
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
@@ -66,8 +65,6 @@ def books_count(self) -> int:
         return self.books.count()
 
 
-# TODO(phuongfi91): OneToOne relationship is not supported yet
-#  https://github.com/NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl/issues/35
 class AmazonAuthorProfile(BaseModel):
     """Model for an Amazon author profile."""
 
@@ -78,6 +75,7 @@ class AmazonAuthorProfile(BaseModel):
         blank=True,
         null=True,
     )
+    profile_url = models.URLField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=200)
     description = models.TextField()
 
     @override
@@ -86,16 +84,6 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
         return f"{self.author.name}: {self.description}"
 
 
-# TODO(phuongfi91): This is for experimental purpose only
-#  https://github.com/NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl/issues/35
-class PublisherType(Enum):
-    """Enum for publisher types."""
-
-    PUBLISHER = "P"
-    DISTRIBUTOR = "D"
-    BOOKSTORE = "B"
-
-
 class Publisher(BaseModel):
     """Model for a book publisher."""
 
@@ -104,11 +92,6 @@ class Publisher(BaseModel):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
     address = models.TextField(help_text="Publisher's official address")
     # CharField with choices for publisher type
-    publisher_type = models.CharField(
-        max_length=10,
-        choices=[(t.value, t.name) for t in PublisherType],
-        default=PublisherType.PUBLISHER.value,
-    )
 
     class Meta:
         """Meta options for the model."""
diff --git a/tests/test_django/urls.py b/tests/test_django/urls.py
index 16b2665..f1bb955 100644
--- a/tests/test_django/urls.py
+++ b/tests/test_django/urls.py
@@ -267,12 +267,14 @@ class AmazonAuthorProfileCrudl(
         create_schema=Schema[AmazonAuthorProfile](
             fields={
                 "author": Infer,
+                "profile_url": Infer,
                 "description": Infer,
             }
         ),
         update_schema=Schema[AmazonAuthorProfile](
             fields={
                 "author": Infer,
+                "profile_url": Infer,
                 "description": Infer,
             }
         ),
@@ -280,6 +282,7 @@ class AmazonAuthorProfileCrudl(
             fields={
                 "id": Infer,
                 "author": {"id": Infer, "name": Infer},
+                "profile_url": Infer,
                 "description": Infer,
             }
         ),
@@ -287,6 +290,7 @@ class AmazonAuthorProfileCrudl(
             fields={
                 "id": Infer,
                 "author": {"id": Infer, "name": Infer},
+                "profile_url": Infer,
                 "description": Infer,
             }
         ),
@@ -310,7 +314,6 @@ class PublisherCrudl(CrudlController[Publisher], DefaultFilter[Publisher]):  # p
             fields={
                 "name": Infer,
                 "address": Infer,
-                "publisher_type": Infer,
             }
         ),
         update_schema=Schema[Publisher](
diff --git a/tests/test_forward_one_to_one_relation_crudl_operations_are_supported.py b/tests/test_forward_one_to_one_relation_crudl_operations_are_supported.py
index 9e086bd..04c1bca 100644
--- a/tests/test_forward_one_to_one_relation_crudl_operations_are_supported.py
+++ b/tests/test_forward_one_to_one_relation_crudl_operations_are_supported.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ def test_creating_relation_with_post_should_work(client: Client) -> None:
         content_type="application/json",
         data={
             "author": author.id,
+            "profile_url": "https://www.amazon-profile.com/some-author",
             "description": "Some description",
         },
     )
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ def test_updating_relation_with_put_should_work(client: Client) -> None:
         content_type="application/json",
         data={
             "author": author_2.id,
+            "profile_url": "https://www.amazon-profile.com/some-author",
             "description": "Some updated description",
         },
     )
@@ -134,8 +136,9 @@ def test_getting_relation_with_get_many_should_work(client: Client) -> None:
         name="Some author",
         birth_date="1990-01-01",
     )
-    amz_author_profile = models.AmazonAuthorProfile.objects.create(
+    _ = models.AmazonAuthorProfile.objects.create(
         author=author,
+        profile_url="https://www.amazon-profile.com/some-author",
         description="Some description",
     )
     response = client.get("/api/amazon_author_profiles")
@@ -143,6 +146,10 @@ def test_getting_relation_with_get_many_should_work(client: Client) -> None:
     assert len(response.json()) == 1
     assert response.json()[0]["author"]["id"] == author.id
     assert response.json()[0]["author"]["name"] == "Some author"
+    assert (
+        response.json()[0]["profile_url"]
+        == "https://www.amazon-profile.com/some-author"
+    )
     assert response.json()[0]["description"] == "Some description"
 
 
@@ -155,10 +162,14 @@ def test_getting_relation_with_get_one_should_work(client: Client) -> None:
     )
     amz_author_profile = models.AmazonAuthorProfile.objects.create(
         author=author,
+        profile_url="https://www.amazon-profile.com/some-author",
         description="Some description",
     )
     response = client.get(f"/api/amazon_author_profiles/{amz_author_profile.id}")
     assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK, response.json()
     assert response.json()["author"]["id"] == author.id
     assert response.json()["author"]["name"] == "Some author"
+    assert (
+        response.json()["profile_url"] == "https://www.amazon-profile.com/some-author"
+    )
     assert response.json()["description"] == "Some description"


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state: COMMENTED
author_association: NONE
submitted_at: 2025-05-21T06:06:01Z
user: login: gemini-code-assist[bot]
body: Hello @phuongfi91, I'm Gemini Code Assist[^1]! I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will post my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly get up to speed!

## Summary of Changes
Hello team, gemini-code-assist here to provide a summary of this pull request. This PR, authored by phuongfi91, addresses issue #69 by adding support for serializing `pydantic.networks.AnyUrl` within the `django-ninja-crudl` framework. This is achieved by introducing a custom JSON encoder and renderer that extends Django's default encoder to handle various Pydantic and network-related types correctly during serialization. The PR also includes updates to the test application's models and associated tests, primarily adding a `URLField` to the `AmazonAuthorProfile` model and removing an unused field (`publisher_type`) from the `Publisher` model and its related tests.

### Highlights
* **Feature: AnyUrl Serialization**: Adds explicit support for serializing `pydantic.networks.AnyUrl` objects to their string representation in API responses.
* **Custom JSON Renderer/Encoder**: Introduces `CrudlJSONEncoder` and `CrudlJSONRenderer` to provide enhanced serialization capabilities for Pydantic models, `pydantic_core.Url`, `pydantic.networks.AnyUrl`, IP addresses/networks, and Enums, ensuring they are correctly represented as strings or dumped models in JSON output.
* **Test Model Updates**: Modifies the test application's models by adding a `profile_url` field (Django's `URLField`) to the `AmazonAuthorProfile` model and removing the `publisher_type` field from the `Publisher` model.
* **Test Coverage Updates**: Updates existing tests, particularly those for `AmazonAuthorProfile` and `Publisher` CRUD operations, to reflect the model changes (adding `profile_url` and removing `publisher_type`) and ensure the new serialization logic works as expected.

### Changelog
<details>
<summary>Click here to see the changelog</summary>

* **django_ninja_crudl/api.py**
  * Import `CrudlJSONRenderer`.
  * Set `CrudlJSONRenderer` as the default renderer in the `CrudlAPI` constructor if no renderer is explicitly provided.
* **django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py**
  * New file added.
  * Defines `CrudlJSONEncoder` which extends `DjangoJSONEncoder` and adds support for serializing `BaseModel`, `Url`, `AnyUrl`, IP addresses/networks, and `Enum`.
  * Defines `CrudlJSONRenderer` which extends `JSONRenderer` and uses `CrudlJSONEncoder`.
* **tests/test_basic_crudl_operations_are_supported.py**
  * Removed `publisher_type` from the data used in the `test_create_resource_with_post_works` test for the Publisher model.
* **tests/test_django/app/migrations/0001_initial.py**
  * Updated migration timestamp.
  * Added `profile_url` (models.URLField) to the `AmazonAuthorProfile` model definition.
  * Removed the `publisher_type` field from the `Publisher` model definition.
* **tests/test_django/app/models.py**
  * Removed unused `Enum` import.
  * Removed a TODO comment related to OneToOne relationships.
  * Added `profile_url` (models.URLField) to the `AmazonAuthorProfile` model.
  * Removed the `PublisherType` Enum.
  * Removed the `publisher_type` field from the `Publisher` model.
* **tests/test_django/urls.py**
  * Added `profile_url` to the `create_schema`, `update_schema`, `get_one_schema`, and `list_schema` definitions for `AmazonAuthorProfileCrudl`.
  * Removed `publisher_type` from the `create_schema` definition for `PublisherCrudl`.
* **tests/test_forward_one_to_one_relation_crudl_operations_are_supported.py**
  * Added `profile_url` to the test data used for creating and updating `AmazonAuthorProfile` instances.
  * Added assertions to check the `profile_url` field in tests for retrieving single and multiple `AmazonAuthorProfile` instances.

</details>


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---

> A URL, a web address,
> In JSON, needs a string, no less.
> This code ensures,
> Through custom encoders,
> Your links are shown, a neat success.


state: COMMENTED
author_association: NONE
submitted_at: 2025-05-21T06:06:21Z
user: login: korbit-ai[bot]
body: ### Review by Korbit AI

###### Korbit automatically attempts to detect when you fix issues in new commits.

| Category | Issue | Status |
|----------|-------|----------|
| <sub>![Design](https://img.shields.io/badge/Design-0d9488)</sub> | Redundant type checking with identical transformations ▹ [view]( https://github.com/NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl/pull/70#discussion_r2099432321 ) | ✅ Fix detected |






<details>
  <summary>Files scanned</summary>
&#8203;



| File Path | Reviewed |
| ------------------ | -------------- |
| django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py | ✅ |
| django_ninja_crudl/api.py | ✅ |


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state: COMMENTED
author_association: NONE
submitted_at: 2025-05-21T06:07:26Z
user: login: copilot-pull-request-reviewer[bot]
body: ## Pull Request Overview

This PR adds support for serializing `pydantic.networks.AnyUrl` by extending the JSON renderer, introduces a new `profile_url` field on `AmazonAuthorProfile` (including model, migration, schemas, and tests), and removes the deprecated `publisher_type` from test models and schemas.

- Add `profile_url` field to `AmazonAuthorProfile` model, migration, schemas, and tests  
- Implement `CrudlJSONEncoder` to handle `AnyUrl` and wire it up as the default renderer  
- Remove `publisher_type` references from tests and test models

### Reviewed Changes

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

<details>
<summary>Show a summary per file</summary>

| File                                                                     | Description                                                   |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
| tests/test_forward_one_to_one_relation_crudl_operations_are_supported.py | Add assertions for `profile_url` and adjust variable assignment |
| tests/test_django/urls.py                                                | Include `profile_url` in CRUDL schemas; remove `publisher_type` |
| tests/test_django/app/models.py                                           | Add `profile_url` field; remove `PublisherType` enum and field |
| tests/test_django/app/migrations/0001_initial.py                          | Bump Django version; add `profile_url`; remove `publisher_type` |
| tests/test_basic_crudl_operations_are_supported.py                        | Drop now-irrelevant `publisher_type` from test data          |
| django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py                                           | New `CrudlJSONEncoder` supporting `AnyUrl`, `Url`, `Enum`     |
| django_ninja_crudl/api.py                                                 | Default to `CrudlJSONRenderer` when no renderer is provided   |
</details>



<details>
<summary>Comments suppressed due to low confidence (1)</summary>

**django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py:13**
* [nitpick] Re-exporting `NinjaJSONEncoder` here may mislead consumers into thinking it's part of this module's custom API. If it isn't intended for public use, consider removing it from `__all__`.
```
__all__ = ["CrudlJSONRenderer", "NinjaJSONEncoder"]
```
</details>


state: COMMENTED
author_association: CONTRIBUTOR
submitted_at: 2025-05-21T06:07:35Z
user: login: gemini-code-assist[bot]
body: ## Code Review
This pull request effectively introduces support for serializing Pydantic's `AnyUrl` and related network types by adding a custom `CrudlJSONRenderer`. The changes also include adding a `profile_url` field to the `AmazonAuthorProfile` model and cleaning up legacy `publisher_type` support. The updates are consistently applied across models, migrations, schemas, and tests.

I've identified a couple of areas in the new `CrudlJSONEncoder` that could be improved for correctness and clarity. Overall, good work on this feature!

### Summary of Findings
* **Enum Serialization in `CrudlJSONEncoder`**: The current implementation serializes `Enum` instances using `str(o)`, which might not produce the expected enum value in the JSON output. It's recommended to serialize `o.value` instead.
* **Exported names in `__all__`**: The `__all__` list in `django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py` includes `NinjaJSONEncoder`, which is imported but not defined in the module. This might be a typo and `CrudlJSONEncoder` was intended.

### Merge Readiness
The pull request is well on its way to being ready for merging. However, there's a high-severity issue regarding Enum serialization and a medium-severity issue concerning the `__all__` export list in the new renderer module. I recommend addressing these points to ensure correctness and maintainability before merging. As an AI, I am not authorized to approve pull requests; please ensure further review and approval from team members.
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submitted_at: 2025-05-21T06:07:54Z
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state: COMMENTED
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submitted_at: 2025-05-21T06:08:26Z
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submitted_at: 2025-05-21T06:09:02Z
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submitted_at: 2025-05-21T06:11:20Z
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body: Hey @phuongfi91 - I've reviewed your changes - here's some feedback:

- Importing Url from pydantic_core may hinge on internal APIs—consider using the public pydantic Url type or another more stable interface to avoid future breakage.
- Since AnyUrl inherits from Url, you can streamline the encoder by merging the two isinstance checks into one to reduce redundancy.
- The `NinjaJSONEncoder` export in renderers.py doesn’t appear to be used within this module—consider removing it or documenting its intended use.

<details>
<summary>Here's what I looked at during the review</summary>

- 🟡 **General issues**: 1 issue found
- 🟢 **Security**: all looks good
- 🟡 **Testing**: 2 issues found
- 🟢 **Documentation**: all looks good
</details>

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state: COMMENTED
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submitted_at: 2025-05-21T06:12:07Z
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body: **Actionable comments posted: 3**

<details>
<summary>🔭 Outside diff range comments (2)</summary><blockquote>

<details>
<summary>django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py (1)</summary><blockquote>

`31-33`: _🧹 Nitpick (assertive)_

**Add class docstring to explain CrudlJSONRenderer's purpose.**

Adding a docstring would clarify how this class fits into the framework's architecture.

```diff
 class CrudlJSONRenderer(JSONRenderer):
+    """
+    Custom JSON renderer that uses CrudlJSONEncoder for serialization.
+    
+    Used as the default renderer in django-ninja-crudl APIs to ensure
+    proper handling of Pydantic models and other complex data types.
+    """
     encoder_class: type[json.JSONEncoder] = CrudlJSONEncoder
```

<details>
<summary>🧰 Tools</summary>

<details>
<summary>🪛 Ruff (0.11.9)</summary>

31-31: Missing docstring in public class

(D101)

</details>
<details>
<summary>🪛 GitHub Check: Trunk Check</summary>

[notice] 31-31: pylint(C0115)
[new] Missing class docstring

---

[notice] 31-31: pylint(R0903)
[new] Too few public methods (1/2)

---

[failure] 31-31: ruff(D101)
[new] Missing docstring in public class

</details>

</details>

</blockquote></details>
<details>
<summary>tests/test_django/app/models.py (1)</summary><blockquote>

`81-84`: _⚠️ Potential issue_

**Handle potential None value for author in __str__ method.**

The `__str__` method assumes `self.author.name` is always available, but since `author` is a nullable field, this could raise an AttributeError if `author` is None.

```diff
-    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        """Return the string representation of the author profile."""
-        return f"{self.author.name}: {self.description}"
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """Return the string representation of the author profile."""
+        author_name = self.author.name if self.author else "Unknown"
+        return f"{author_name}: {self.description}"
```

</blockquote></details>

</blockquote></details>

<details>
<summary>♻️ Duplicate comments (7)</summary><blockquote>

<details>
<summary>django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py (3)</summary><blockquote>

`20-25`: _🛠️ Refactor suggestion_

**Consolidate similar type checks to improve maintainability.**

Multiple consecutive `isinstance` checks with identical return statements violate the DRY principle. Combining them would improve code maintainability.


```diff
-        if isinstance(o, Url):
-            return str(o)
-        if isinstance(o, AnyUrl):
-            return str(o)
-        if isinstance(o, (IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network)):
-            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, (Url, AnyUrl, IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network)):
+            return str(o)
```

---

`26-27`: _🛠️ Refactor suggestion_

**Consider returning Enum.value instead of string representation.**

Using `str(o)` for Enum instances typically returns the fully-qualified name (e.g., "EnumClass.MEMBER_NAME"), which may not be the desired JSON representation. Using the enum's `value` attribute is often more appropriate for APIs.


```diff
-        if isinstance(o, Enum):
-            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, Enum):
+            return o.value
```

---

`17-17`: _🧹 Nitpick (assertive)_

**Remove unnecessary type ignores.**

The `pyright: ignore [reportExplicitAny, reportAny]` comment is unnecessary as indicated by the static analysis tools.

```diff
-    def default(self, o: Any) -> Any:  # pyright: ignore [reportExplicitAny, reportAny]
+    def default(self, o: Any) -> Any:
```

<details>
<summary>🧰 Tools</summary>

<details>
<summary>🪛 GitHub Check: Trunk Check</summary>

[notice] 17-17: pyright(reportUnnecessaryTypeIgnoreComment)
[new] Unnecessary "# pyright: ignore" rule: "reportExplicitAny"

---

[notice] 17-17: pyright(reportUnnecessaryTypeIgnoreComment)
[new] Unnecessary "# pyright: ignore" rule: "reportAny"

</details>

</details>

</blockquote></details>
<details>
<summary>django_ninja_crudl/api.py (1)</summary><blockquote>

`113-113`: _🧹 Nitpick (assertive)_

**Consider using a class-level default renderer.**

Instantiating `CrudlJSONRenderer()` inside `__init__` creates a new renderer object on every API instance initialization. Using a class-level constant would be more efficient and clearer.


```diff
+    DEFAULT_RENDERER = CrudlJSONRenderer()
+    
     def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
         self,
         *,
         # ...other parameters...
     ) -> None:
         # ...
         super().__init__(  # pyright: ignore [reportUnknownMemberType]
             # ...other parameters...
-            renderer=renderer or CrudlJSONRenderer(),
+            renderer=renderer or self.DEFAULT_RENDERER,
             # ...other parameters...
         )
```

</blockquote></details>
<details>
<summary>tests/test_forward_one_to_one_relation_crudl_operations_are_supported.py (1)</summary><blockquote>

`139-142`: _🧹 Nitpick (assertive)_

**Consider a more descriptive variable name than '_'**

The variable name `_` reduces readability when creating an object that will have assertions against it.


```diff
-    _ = models.AmazonAuthorProfile.objects.create(
+    amz_author_profile = models.AmazonAuthorProfile.objects.create(
```

</blockquote></details>
<details>
<summary>tests/test_django/app/migrations/0001_initial.py (1)</summary><blockquote>

`68-68`: _💡 Verification agent_

<details>
<summary>🧩 Analysis chain</summary>

**Consider using blank=True without null=True for URLField.**

Django recommends using only `blank=True` (not `null=True`) for string-based fields like URLField to avoid having two different representations of "no data" (NULL in the database vs. empty string).

```diff
-                ("profile_url", models.URLField(blank=True, null=True)),
+                ("profile_url", models.URLField(blank=True)),
```

---

🌐 Web query:

```web
Django URLField with null=True vs blank=True best practices
```

💡 Result:

## Django `URLField` with `null=True` vs `blank=True`: Best Practices

**Understanding the Options**

- `null=True`: Allows the database to store `NULL` values for this field—i.e., no data at the database level[2][4][5][6][7].
- `blank=True`: Permits Django's form validation to accept empty values; i.e., the field is not required in forms (such as the admin or user forms)[1][2][4][5][6][7].

**String-Based Fields and `URLField`**

Django's `URLField` is a string-based field, like `CharField` and `TextField`. For these fields, there's a crucial convention:

> "Avoid using `null=True` on string-based fields such as CharField and TextField. The Django convention is to use an empty string, not NULL, as the 'no data' state"[3][6][7].

If you set `null=True` on a `URLField`, your database can have two separate "empty" states: `NULL` and an empty string (`""`). This redundancy can lead to inconsistent behavior and confusion in your data and code. Django prefers a single "empty" value for string fields: the empty string (`""`).

**When to Use `null=True` on String Fields**

There is only one notable exception:
- If the field is `unique=True` and `blank=True`, you must also set `null=True` to avoid unique constraint violations when saving multiple objects with blank values (since databases treat multiple empty strings as the same value, but multiple `NULL`s are allowed for unique fields)[3][6].

**Best Practice Summary for `URLField`**

| Setting            | Effect                                  | When to Use                                                              |
|--------------------|-----------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `blank=True`       | Field is optional in forms and admin     | Use whenever the field is not required in all forms                      |
| `null=True`        | Field allows `NULL` in the database      | Avoid for `URLField` unless also `unique=True` and `blank=True`          |
| `blank=True` only  | Field is optional everywhere, stores `""`| Recommended for optional `URLField` in most cases                        |
| `null=True` only   | Field can be `NULL` in DB, required in forms | Rarely used, not recommended for `URLField`                           |

**Correct Usage Example**

```python
from django.db import models

class MyModel(models.Model):
    website = models.URLField(blank=True)  # Best practice
```

**Exception for Unique Constraint**

```python
class MyModel(models.Model):
    website = models.URLField(blank=True, null=True, unique=True)  # Required if both blank and unique
```

**Takeaways**

- For most use-cases with `URLField`, use `blank=True`, **not** `null=True`[3][6][7].
- Using both means the database can store both `""` and `NULL`, which is redundant for string fields unless you have the unique constraint use case.
- Consistency and clarity in your data model and code are best maintained by following Django's convention.

**Further Reading**

- [Django Official Documentation on Model Fields][3]
- [LearnDjango.com Best Practices][6]

Citations:

- 1: https://sentry.io/answers/django-difference-between-null-and-blank/
- 2: https://www.jetbrains.com/guide/django/tips/django-blank-null/
- 3: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/fields/
- 4: https://dev.to/adamwakif/difference-between-null-and-blank-in-django-model-2poo
- 5: https://books.agiliq.com/projects/django-orm-cookbook/en/latest/null_vs_blank.html
- 6: https://learndjango.com/tutorials/django-best-practices-models
- 7: https://simpleisbetterthancomplex.com/tips/2016/07/25/django-tip-8-blank-or-null.html
- 8: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/topics/http/urls/
- 9: https://forum.djangoproject.com/t/best-practice-storing-model-details-nested-vs-flat/2257
- 10: https://djangostars.com/blog/django-models-best-practices/

---



</details>

**Use `blank=True` without `null=True` for URLField**

Django’s convention for string-based fields like `URLField` is to use an empty string (`""`) rather than `NULL` to represent “no data,” avoiding two separate empty states in the database.

• File: `tests/test_django/app/migrations/0001_initial.py`  
  Line: 68

```diff
-                ("profile_url", models.URLField(blank=True, null=True)),
+                ("profile_url", models.URLField(blank=True)),
```

</blockquote></details>
<details>
<summary>tests/test_django/app/models.py (1)</summary><blockquote>

`78-78`: _🧹 Nitpick (assertive)_

**Consider using blank=True without null=True for URLField.**

Django recommends avoiding `null=True` on string-based fields like URLField as it creates two possible representations of "no data" (NULL in database or empty string).


```diff
-    profile_url = models.URLField(null=True, blank=True, max_length=200)
+    profile_url = models.URLField(blank=True, max_length=200)
```

<details>
<summary>🧰 Tools</summary>

<details>
<summary>🪛 Ruff (0.11.9)</summary>

78-78: Avoid using `null=True` on string-based fields such as `URLField`

(DJ001)

</details>

</details>

</blockquote></details>

</blockquote></details>

<details>
<summary>📜 Review details</summary>

**Configuration used: CodeRabbit UI**
**Review profile: ASSERTIVE**
**Plan: Pro**
**Cache: Disabled due to data retention organization setting**
**Knowledge Base: Disabled due to data retention organization setting**


<details>
<summary>📥 Commits</summary>

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 4f2326fba7fb2625a3439c1ed764f11efd4cc170 and b8d7beab0b936be2e501fda4d93a9e7c0989e1d7.

</details>

<details>
<summary>📒 Files selected for processing (7)</summary>

* `django_ninja_crudl/api.py` (2 hunks)
* `django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py` (1 hunks)
* `tests/test_basic_crudl_operations_are_supported.py` (0 hunks)
* `tests/test_django/app/migrations/0001_initial.py` (2 hunks)
* `tests/test_django/app/models.py` (1 hunks)
* `tests/test_django/urls.py` (1 hunks)
* `tests/test_forward_one_to_one_relation_crudl_operations_are_supported.py` (4 hunks)

</details>

<details>
<summary>💤 Files with no reviewable changes (1)</summary>

* tests/test_basic_crudl_operations_are_supported.py

</details>

<details>
<summary>🧰 Additional context used</summary>

<details>
<summary>🧬 Code Graph Analysis (3)</summary>

<details>
<summary>tests/test_django/urls.py (2)</summary><blockquote>

<details>
<summary>django_ninja_crudl/schema.py (1)</summary>

* `Schema` (11-39)

</details>
<details>
<summary>tests/test_django/app/models.py (1)</summary>

* `AmazonAuthorProfile` (68-84)

</details>

</blockquote></details>
<details>
<summary>django_ninja_crudl/api.py (1)</summary><blockquote>

<details>
<summary>django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py (1)</summary>

* `CrudlJSONRenderer` (31-32)

</details>

</blockquote></details>
<details>
<summary>tests/test_forward_one_to_one_relation_crudl_operations_are_supported.py (1)</summary><blockquote>

<details>
<summary>tests/test_django/app/models.py (1)</summary>

* `AmazonAuthorProfile` (68-84)

</details>

</blockquote></details>

</details><details>
<summary>🪛 Ruff (0.11.9)</summary>

<details>
<summary>tests/test_django/app/migrations/0001_initial.py</summary>

1-1: Missing docstring in public module

(D100)

</details>
<details>
<summary>tests/test_django/app/models.py</summary>

78-78: Avoid using `null=True` on string-based fields such as `URLField`

(DJ001)

</details>
<details>
<summary>django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py</summary>

1-1: Missing docstring in public module

(D100)

---

15-15: Missing docstring in public class

(D101)

---

31-31: Missing docstring in public class

(D101)

</details>

</details>
<details>
<summary>🪛 GitHub Check: Trunk Check</summary>

<details>
<summary>django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py</summary>

[notice] 1-1: pylint(C0114)
[new] Missing module docstring

---

[failure] 1-1: ruff(D100)
[new] Missing docstring in public module

---

[notice] 15-15: pylint(C0115)
[new] Missing class docstring

---

[failure] 15-15: ruff(D101)
[new] Missing docstring in public class

---

[notice] 17-17: pyright(reportUnnecessaryTypeIgnoreComment)
[new] Unnecessary "# pyright: ignore" rule: "reportExplicitAny"

---

[notice] 17-17: pyright(reportUnnecessaryTypeIgnoreComment)
[new] Unnecessary "# pyright: ignore" rule: "reportAny"

---

[notice] 28-28: pyright(reportUnnecessaryTypeIgnoreComment)
[new] Unnecessary "# pyright: ignore" rule: "reportAny"

---

[notice] 31-31: pylint(C0115)
[new] Missing class docstring

---

[notice] 31-31: pylint(R0903)
[new] Too few public methods (1/2)

---

[failure] 31-31: ruff(D101)
[new] Missing docstring in public class

</details>

</details>

</details>

<details>
<summary>⏰ Context from checks skipped due to timeout of 90000ms (2)</summary>

* GitHub Check: semgrep-cloud-platform/scan
* GitHub Check: tests / Run tests

</details>

<details>
<summary>🔇 Additional comments (10)</summary><blockquote>

<details>
<summary>tests/test_forward_one_to_one_relation_crudl_operations_are_supported.py (5)</summary>

`23-23`: **Profile URL added correctly to POST payload.**

The profile_url field has been properly integrated into the test case for creating AmazonAuthorProfile objects.

---

`55-55`: **Profile URL properly included in PUT payload.**

The profile_url field has been correctly added to the update payload.

---

`149-152`: **Appropriate verification of profile_url in GET response.**

The assertion correctly verifies that the profile_url is returned in the response with the expected value.

---

`165-165`: **Profile URL properly added to model creation.**

The profile_url field is correctly included in the object creation for testing.

---

`172-174`: **Proper assertion for profile_url in GET one response.**

The test correctly validates the profile_url field in the individual entity retrieval response.

</details>
<details>
<summary>tests/test_django/urls.py (4)</summary>

`270-270`: **Profile URL correctly added to create schema.**

The profile_url field has been properly added to the AmazonAuthorProfile create schema.

---

`277-277`: **Profile URL properly included in update schema.**

The profile_url field has been correctly added to the update schema definition.

---

`285-285`: **Profile URL field added to get_one schema.**

The profile_url field has been properly included in the schema for retrieving individual AmazonAuthorProfile instances.

---

`293-293`: **Profile URL correctly added to list schema.**

The profile_url field has been properly integrated into the list schema for AmazonAuthorProfile.

</details>
<details>
<summary>tests/test_django/app/migrations/0001_initial.py (1)</summary>

`1-1`: **Migration file updated to Django 5.2.**

The migration file has been regenerated with the latest Django version.

<details>
<summary>🧰 Tools</summary>

<details>
<summary>🪛 Ruff (0.11.9)</summary>

1-1: Missing docstring in public module

(D100)

</details>

</details>

</details>

</blockquote></details>

</details>

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit for review status -->
state: COMMENTED
author_association: NONE
submitted_at: 2025-05-21T06:12:48Z
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: **Actionable comments posted: 3**

<details>
<summary>♻️ Duplicate comments (3)</summary><blockquote>

<details>
<summary>django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py (3)</summary><blockquote>

`17-26`: _🧹 Nitpick (assertive)_

**Combine repetitive `isinstance` checks.**  
The `default` method has several branches that all call `str(o)`. You can consolidate them into a single check for brevity and maintainability:
```diff
-        if isinstance(o, (Url, AnyUrl)):
-            return str(o)
-        if isinstance(o, (IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network)):
-            return str(o)
-        if isinstance(o, Enum):
-            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, (Url, AnyUrl,
+                          IPv4Address, IPv4Network,
+                          IPv6Address, IPv6Network,
+                          Enum)):
+            return str(o)
```
Also, consider serializing `Enum` values via `o.value` if that better aligns with your API design.

<details>
<summary>🧰 Tools</summary>

<details>
<summary>🪛 GitHub Check: Trunk Check</summary>

[notice] 17-17: pyright(reportUnnecessaryTypeIgnoreComment)
[new] Unnecessary "# pyright: ignore" rule: "reportExplicitAny"

---

[notice] 17-17: pyright(reportUnnecessaryTypeIgnoreComment)
[new] Unnecessary "# pyright: ignore" rule: "reportAny"

---

[notice] 26-26: pyright(reportUnnecessaryTypeIgnoreComment)
[new] Unnecessary "# pyright: ignore" rule: "reportAny"

</details>

</details>

---

`17-17`: _🧹 Nitpick (assertive)_

**Remove unnecessary `# pyright: ignore`.**
The `# pyright: ignore` comments on the `default` signature and the `super().default` call are flagged as unnecessary. Please remove them to keep the code clean.



Also applies to: 26-26

<details>
<summary>🧰 Tools</summary>

<details>
<summary>🪛 GitHub Check: Trunk Check</summary>

[notice] 17-17: pyright(reportUnnecessaryTypeIgnoreComment)
[new] Unnecessary "# pyright: ignore" rule: "reportExplicitAny"

---

[notice] 17-17: pyright(reportUnnecessaryTypeIgnoreComment)
[new] Unnecessary "# pyright: ignore" rule: "reportAny"

</details>

</details>

---

`4-4`: _🧹 Nitpick (assertive)_

**Ensure correct import of `override`.**
The `override` decorator in `typing` is only available in Python 3.12+. For compatibility with earlier Python versions, consider importing `override` from `typing_extensions`:
```diff
-from typing import Any, override
+from typing import Any
+from typing_extensions import override
```

</blockquote></details>

</blockquote></details>

<details>
<summary>📜 Review details</summary>

**Configuration used: CodeRabbit UI**
**Review profile: ASSERTIVE**
**Plan: Pro**
**Cache: Disabled due to data retention organization setting**
**Knowledge Base: Disabled due to data retention organization setting**


<details>
<summary>📥 Commits</summary>

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between b8d7beab0b936be2e501fda4d93a9e7c0989e1d7 and e329bd9c6ac4ce63e54fb6d6056067064db7fa81.

</details>

<details>
<summary>📒 Files selected for processing (1)</summary>

* `django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py` (1 hunks)

</details>

<details>
<summary>🧰 Additional context used</summary>

<details>
<summary>🪛 Ruff (0.11.9)</summary>

<details>
<summary>django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py</summary>

1-1: Missing docstring in public module

(D100)

---

15-15: Missing docstring in public class

(D101)

---

29-29: Missing docstring in public class

(D101)

</details>

</details>
<details>
<summary>🪛 GitHub Check: Trunk Check</summary>

<details>
<summary>django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py</summary>

[notice] 1-1: pylint(C0114)
[new] Missing module docstring

---

[failure] 1-1: ruff(D100)
[new] Missing docstring in public module

---

[notice] 15-15: pylint(C0115)
[new] Missing class docstring

---

[failure] 15-15: ruff(D101)
[new] Missing docstring in public class

---

[notice] 17-17: pyright(reportUnnecessaryTypeIgnoreComment)
[new] Unnecessary "# pyright: ignore" rule: "reportExplicitAny"

---

[notice] 17-17: pyright(reportUnnecessaryTypeIgnoreComment)
[new] Unnecessary "# pyright: ignore" rule: "reportAny"

---

[notice] 26-26: pyright(reportUnnecessaryTypeIgnoreComment)
[new] Unnecessary "# pyright: ignore" rule: "reportAny"

---

[notice] 29-29: pylint(C0115)
[new] Missing class docstring

---

[notice] 29-29: pylint(R0903)
[new] Too few public methods (1/2)

---

[failure] 29-29: ruff(D101)
[new] Missing docstring in public class

</details>

</details>

</details>

<details>
<summary>⏰ Context from checks skipped due to timeout of 90000ms (1)</summary>

* GitHub Check: tests / Run tests

</details>

</details>

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state: COMMENTED
author_association: NONE
submitted_at: 2025-05-21T06:15:35Z
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: **Actionable comments posted: 1**

<details>
<summary>♻️ Duplicate comments (3)</summary><blockquote>

<details>
<summary>django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py (3)</summary><blockquote>

`28-29`: _🧹 Nitpick (assertive)_

**Consider serializing Enums to their `value`**  
`str(o)` outputs `ClassName.MEMBER`; for REST APIs it's often preferable to return `o.value` directly to avoid leaking the enum class name.  

```diff
-if isinstance(o, Enum):
-    return str(o)
+if isinstance(o, Enum):
+    return o.value
```

---

`6-6`: _🧹 Nitpick (assertive)_

**Use `typing_extensions.override` for broader compatibility**  
If the project supports Python versions earlier than 3.12, the `override` decorator should be imported from `typing_extensions` instead of the standard `typing` module.  

Apply this diff if you need to support older Python versions:
```diff
-from typing import Any, override
+from typing import Any
+from typing_extensions import override
```

---

`24-27`: _🧹 Nitpick (assertive)_

**Consolidate identical `str(o)` transformations**  
Both URL (`Url`, `AnyUrl`) and IP network types produce the same `str(o)` output. You can merge these branches into one `isinstance` check to reduce duplication.  

```diff
-if isinstance(o, (Url, AnyUrl)):
-    return str(o)
-if isinstance(o, (IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network)):
-    return str(o)
+if isinstance(o, (Url, AnyUrl, IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network)):
+    return str(o)
```

</blockquote></details>

</blockquote></details>

<details>
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<details>
<summary>📥 Commits</summary>

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between e329bd9c6ac4ce63e54fb6d6056067064db7fa81 and d35e67c4b9752c369e5b228f84fae4b7a6e91f2c.

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<summary>📒 Files selected for processing (1)</summary>

* `django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py` (1 hunks)

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<summary>🧰 Additional context used</summary>

<details>
<summary>🪛 GitHub Check: Trunk Check</summary>

<details>
<summary>django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py</summary>

[notice] 21-21: pyright(reportUnnecessaryTypeIgnoreComment)
[new] Unnecessary "# pyright: ignore" rule: "reportExplicitAny"

---

[notice] 21-21: pyright(reportUnnecessaryTypeIgnoreComment)
[new] Unnecessary "# pyright: ignore" rule: "reportAny"

---

[notice] 30-30: pyright(reportUnnecessaryTypeIgnoreComment)
[new] Unnecessary "# pyright: ignore" rule: "reportAny"

---

[notice] 33-33: pylint(R0903)
[new] Too few public methods (1/2)

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</details>

<details>
<summary>⏰ Context from checks skipped due to timeout of 90000ms (3)</summary>

* GitHub Check: semgrep-cloud-platform/scan
* GitHub Check: semgrep-cloud-platform/scan
* GitHub Check: tests / Run tests

</details>

<details>
<summary>🔇 Additional comments (1)</summary><blockquote>

<details>
<summary>django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py (1)</summary>

`22-23`: **Approve BaseModel serialization**  
Using `o.model_dump()` for Pydantic `BaseModel` instances correctly emits a dictionary of model data.

</details>

</blockquote></details>

</details>

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit for review status -->
state: COMMENTED
author_association: NONE
submitted_at: 2025-05-21T06:19:56Z

Review comments:
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, override
+
+from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
+from ninja.renderers import JSONRenderer
+from ninja.responses import NinjaJSONEncoder
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl
+from pydantic_core import Url
+
+__all__ = ["CrudlJSONRenderer", "NinjaJSONEncoder"]
+
+
+class CrudlJSONEncoder(DjangoJSONEncoder):
+    @override
+    def default(self, o: Any) -> Any:  # pyright: ignore [reportExplicitAny, reportAny]
+        if isinstance(o, BaseModel):
+            return o.model_dump()
+        if isinstance(o, Url):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, AnyUrl):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, (IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network)):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, Enum):
+            return str(o)
path: django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py
user: login: korbit-ai[bot]
body: ### Redundant type checking with identical transformations <sub>![category Design](https://img.shields.io/badge/Design-0d9488)</sub>

<details>
  <summary>Tell me more</summary>

###### What is the issue?
Multiple consecutive isinstance checks with identical str(o) return statements violate the DRY principle and make the code harder to maintain.


###### Why this matters
Having repeated code creates maintenance overhead and increases the chance of inconsistencies when modifications are needed. If the transformation logic needs to change, it would require updates in multiple places.

###### Suggested change ∙ *Feature Preview*
Combine the type checks into a single isinstance statement:
```python
if isinstance(o, (Url, AnyUrl, IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network, Enum)):
    return str(o)
```


###### Provide feedback to improve future suggestions
[![Nice Catch](https://img.shields.io/badge/👍%20Nice%20Catch-71BC78)](https://app.korbit.ai/feedback/bb320b50-2fba-43ca-87fc-5f55b73f7dd3/6a4b5079-fb18-4e88-bf0f-7829b4cabcea/upvote) [![Incorrect](https://img.shields.io/badge/👎%20Incorrect-white)](https://app.korbit.ai/feedback/bb320b50-2fba-43ca-87fc-5f55b73f7dd3/6a4b5079-fb18-4e88-bf0f-7829b4cabcea?what_not_true=true)  [![Not in Scope](https://img.shields.io/badge/👎%20Out%20of%20PR%20scope-white)](https://app.korbit.ai/feedback/bb320b50-2fba-43ca-87fc-5f55b73f7dd3/6a4b5079-fb18-4e88-bf0f-7829b4cabcea?what_out_of_scope=true) [![Not in coding standard](https://img.shields.io/badge/👎%20Not%20in%20our%20standards-white)](https://app.korbit.ai/feedback/bb320b50-2fba-43ca-87fc-5f55b73f7dd3/6a4b5079-fb18-4e88-bf0f-7829b4cabcea?what_not_in_standard=true) [![Other](https://img.shields.io/badge/👎%20Other-white)](https://app.korbit.ai/feedback/bb320b50-2fba-43ca-87fc-5f55b73f7dd3/6a4b5079-fb18-4e88-bf0f-7829b4cabcea)
</details>

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<!--- korbi internal id:def1d510-ee4e-48a1-a4dd-ab52b67ae119 -->


[](def1d510-ee4e-48a1-a4dd-ab52b67ae119)
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:07:26Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -134,15 +136,17 @@ def test_getting_relation_with_get_many_should_work(client: Client) -> None:
         name="Some author",
         birth_date="1990-01-01",
     )
-    amz_author_profile = models.AmazonAuthorProfile.objects.create(
+    _ = models.AmazonAuthorProfile.objects.create(
path: tests/test_forward_one_to_one_relation_crudl_operations_are_supported.py
user: login: Copilot
body: [nitpick] Using `_` as the target for the created object can reduce readability. Consider keeping the original variable name (e.g., `amz_author_profile`) or omitting the assignment if it truly isn't used later.
```suggestion
    amz_author_profile = models.AmazonAuthorProfile.objects.create(
```
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:07:34Z
author_association: CONTRIBUTOR
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, override
+
+from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
+from ninja.renderers import JSONRenderer
+from ninja.responses import NinjaJSONEncoder
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl
+from pydantic_core import Url
+
+__all__ = ["CrudlJSONRenderer", "NinjaJSONEncoder"]
+
+
+class CrudlJSONEncoder(DjangoJSONEncoder):
+    @override
+    def default(self, o: Any) -> Any:  # pyright: ignore [reportExplicitAny, reportAny]
+        if isinstance(o, BaseModel):
+            return o.model_dump()
+        if isinstance(o, Url):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, AnyUrl):
+            return str(o)
path: django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py
user: login: Copilot
body: [nitpick] The checks for both `Url` and `AnyUrl` result in the same conversion. You could consolidate them into a single `isinstance(o, (Url, AnyUrl))` branch to reduce duplication.
```suggestion
        if isinstance(o, (Url, AnyUrl)):
            return str(o)
```
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:07:35Z
author_association: CONTRIBUTOR
diff_hunk: @@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
             csrf=csrf,
             auth=auth,
             throttle=throttle,
-            renderer=renderer,
+            renderer=renderer or CrudlJSONRenderer(),
path: django_ninja_crudl/api.py
user: login: Copilot
body: [nitpick] Instantiating `CrudlJSONRenderer` inside `__init__` means a new object is created on every controller initialization. You could move the default to the function signature or use a class-level default to avoid repeated instantiation.
```suggestion
            renderer=renderer or self.DEFAULT_RENDERER,
```
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:07:35Z
author_association: CONTRIBUTOR
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, override
+
+from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
+from ninja.renderers import JSONRenderer
+from ninja.responses import NinjaJSONEncoder
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl
+from pydantic_core import Url
+
+__all__ = ["CrudlJSONRenderer", "NinjaJSONEncoder"]
+
+
+class CrudlJSONEncoder(DjangoJSONEncoder):
+    @override
+    def default(self, o: Any) -> Any:  # pyright: ignore [reportExplicitAny, reportAny]
+        if isinstance(o, BaseModel):
+            return o.model_dump()
+        if isinstance(o, Url):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, AnyUrl):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, (IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network)):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, Enum):
+            return str(o)
path: django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py
user: login: gemini-code-assist[bot]
body: ![high](https://img.shields.io/badge/priority-high-orange)

Serializing an `Enum` instance using `str(o)` typically results in a string like `"MyEnum.MEMBER_NAME"` rather than its `value` (e.g., `"MEMBER_VALUE"`) or `name` (e.g., `"MEMBER_NAME"` without the enum class prefix). For JSON APIs, it's more common and often expected to serialize the enum's `value`.

Could serializing `o.value` be more appropriate here to align with common API practices and ensure the actual enum value is transmitted?

```suggestion
        if isinstance(o, Enum):
            return o.value
```
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:07:54Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, override
+
+from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
+from ninja.renderers import JSONRenderer
+from ninja.responses import NinjaJSONEncoder
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl
+from pydantic_core import Url
+
+__all__ = ["CrudlJSONRenderer", "NinjaJSONEncoder"]
path: django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py
user: login: gemini-code-assist[bot]
body: ![medium](https://img.shields.io/badge/priority-medium-yellow)

It seems `NinjaJSONEncoder` is imported from `ninja.responses` but isn't defined or used elsewhere in this module, yet it's included in `__all__`. Was the intention to export `CrudlJSONEncoder` instead? Exporting an imported name without re-aliasing or modification can sometimes be confusing if it's not a deliberate re-export strategy.
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:07:54Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ def __init__(  # noqa: PLR0913
             csrf=csrf,
             auth=auth,
             throttle=throttle,
-            renderer=renderer,
+            renderer=renderer or CrudlJSONRenderer(),
path: django_ninja_crudl/api.py
user: login: codereviewbot-ai[bot]
body: ### Default Renderer Configuration

The line `renderer or CrudlJSONRenderer()` sets a default renderer if none is provided. While this ensures that the API always has a renderer, it might be beneficial to set this default more explicitly in a centralized configuration or class default. This approach would enhance maintainability by making it easier to update or change the default renderer across the application.

**Recommendation:** Consider defining default values for such configurations in a central location, such as the class definition or a separate configuration module, to improve maintainability and clarity.
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:08:24Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -109,7 +110,7 @@
             csrf=csrf,
             auth=auth,
             throttle=throttle,
-            renderer=renderer,
+            renderer=renderer or CrudlJSONRenderer(),
             parser=parser,
             openapi_extra=openapi_extra,
             app_name=app_name,
path: django_ninja_crudl/api.py
user: login: codereviewbot-ai[bot]
body: ### Error Handling in Constructor

The constructor for `NinjaCrudlAPI` does not implement explicit error handling for the configuration parameters such as `auth`, `throttle`, and others. In dynamic languages like Python, especially within frameworks like Django, robust error handling and type checking can prevent runtime issues and improve the application's reliability.

**Recommendation:** Implement explicit error handling or type checks for critical configuration parameters to ensure they meet the expected criteria, enhancing the API's robustness and preventing potential runtime errors.
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:08:24Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, override
+
+from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
+from ninja.renderers import JSONRenderer
+from ninja.responses import NinjaJSONEncoder
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl
+from pydantic_core import Url
+
+__all__ = ["CrudlJSONRenderer", "NinjaJSONEncoder"]
+
+
+class CrudlJSONEncoder(DjangoJSONEncoder):
+    @override
+    def default(self, o: Any) -> Any:  # pyright: ignore [reportExplicitAny, reportAny]
+        if isinstance(o, BaseModel):
+            return o.model_dump()
+        if isinstance(o, Url):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, AnyUrl):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, (IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network)):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, Enum):
+            return str(o)
+        return super().default(o)  # pyright: ignore [reportAny]
path: django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py
user: login: codereviewbot-ai[bot]
body: ### Use of Non-Standard `@override` Decorator and Suppression of Type Checking

The use of the `@override` decorator (line 17) is not standard in Python, which could lead to confusion or errors if not handled correctly by the development environment or during runtime. Additionally, the suppression of type checking warnings (`pyright: ignore`) on lines 18 and 29 might obscure potential issues with type mismatches, reducing the robustness of the code.

**Recommendation:**
- Remove the `@override` decorator and ensure that method overriding is clear through proper method definition.
- Avoid suppressing type checking warnings unless absolutely necessary, and ensure that any suppression is well justified with comments explaining the reason.
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:08:24Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, override
+
+from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
+from ninja.renderers import JSONRenderer
+from ninja.responses import NinjaJSONEncoder
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl
+from pydantic_core import Url
+
+__all__ = ["CrudlJSONRenderer", "NinjaJSONEncoder"]
+
+
+class CrudlJSONEncoder(DjangoJSONEncoder):
+    @override
+    def default(self, o: Any) -> Any:  # pyright: ignore [reportExplicitAny, reportAny]
+        if isinstance(o, BaseModel):
+            return o.model_dump()
+        if isinstance(o, Url):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, AnyUrl):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, (IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network)):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, Enum):
+            return str(o)
+        return super().default(o)  # pyright: ignore [reportAny]
path: django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py
user: login: codereviewbot-ai[bot]
body: ### Optimization of Type Checking and Serialization

The `default` method in `CrudlJSONEncoder` uses multiple `if` statements to check the type of the object and serialize it accordingly (lines 19-28). This approach, while straightforward, could be optimized. Using a dictionary mapping types to their respective conversion functions might make the code cleaner and potentially faster, especially if the `default` method is called frequently with a large number of objects.

**Recommendation:**
- Consider using a dictionary to map types to their conversion functions, reducing the number of `if` statements and potentially improving performance.
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:08:24Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ def test_create_resource_with_post_works(client: Client) -> None:
         data={
             "name": "Some publisher",
             "address": "Some address",
-            "publisher_type": "P",
         },
path: tests/test_basic_crudl_operations_are_supported.py
user: login: codereviewbot-ai[bot]
body: The data being sent in the POST request lacks validation and sanitization. This can lead to security vulnerabilities such as injection attacks, and also the risk of storing invalid data. It's recommended to add checks or use frameworks that automatically handle these concerns to ensure that only valid and safe data is processed.

Example:
```python
if not validate_publisher_data(data):
    return 'Invalid data', 400
```

Where `validate_publisher_data` is a function that checks data integrity and safety.
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:08:25Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
         data={
             "name": "Some publisher",
             "address": "Some address",
-            "publisher_type": "P",
         },
     )
     assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_201_CREATED, response.json()
path: tests/test_basic_crudl_operations_are_supported.py
user: login: codereviewbot-ai[bot]
body: The assertion for checking the response status code is limited to expecting a 201 status code. This might not be sufficient for identifying other issues that could arise, such as 400 or 500 errors. It would be beneficial to expand the error handling to cover these cases, possibly by adding more specific assertions or by logging the response content when the status code does not meet expectations.

Example:
```python
assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_201_CREATED, f'Expected 201 Created, got {response.status_code}: {response.json()}'
```
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:08:25Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -65,6 +66,7 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
                     ),
                 ),
                 ("created_at", models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)),
+                ("profile_url", models.URLField(blank=True, null=True)),
                 ("description", models.TextField()),
path: tests/test_django/app/migrations/0001_initial.py
user: login: codereviewbot-ai[bot]
body: ### Potential Data Integrity Issue

The `profile_url` field in the `AmazonAuthorProfile` model allows both null and blank values (`blank=True, null=True`). This could lead to data integrity issues if the profile URL is essential for the application's functionality. Consider removing `null=True` to enforce database level integrity.

Additionally, the `description` field does not limit the size of the text, which could lead to performance issues if large texts are stored. Consider adding a reasonable max length constraint to this field to prevent potential performance degradation.
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:08:25Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -258,18 +260,6 @@
                 ("created_at", models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)),
                 ("name", models.CharField(max_length=100)),
                 ("address", models.TextField(help_text="Publisher's official address")),
-                (
-                    "publisher_type",
-                    models.CharField(
-                        choices=[
-                            ("P", "PUBLISHER"),
-                            ("D", "DISTRIBUTOR"),
-                            ("B", "BOOKSTORE"),
-                        ],
-                        default="P",
-                        max_length=10,
-                    ),
-                ),
                 (
                     "created_by",
                     models.ForeignKey(
path: tests/test_django/app/migrations/0001_initial.py
user: login: codereviewbot-ai[bot]
body: ### Performance Consideration and Data Integrity

The `address` field in the `Publisher` model is a TextField without constraints on length or nullability (`models.TextField(help_text="Publisher's official address")`). This could lead to performance issues if excessively large data is stored. It is recommended to add a `max_length` constraint and consider whether the field should be nullable.

The `created_by` field uses `on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.SET_NULL`, which is appropriate for maintaining referential integrity if the user is deleted. However, ensure that the application logic properly handles cases where `created_by` is null to avoid runtime errors.
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:08:25Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 """Models for the Django test project."""
 
-from enum import Enum
 from typing import override
 
path: tests/test_django/app/models.py
user: login: codereviewbot-ai[bot]
body: The import statement `from typing import override` is incorrect as `override` is not part of the Python `typing` module. This might be a confusion with other languages where `override` is used as a decorator. If you intend to ensure that a method overrides a method in the base class, Python does not require a specific decorator for this, but you can use `@functools.wraps` to ensure the signature matches if needed.
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:08:25Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -86,16 +84,6 @@
         return f"{self.author.name}: {self.description}"
path: tests/test_django/app/models.py
user: login: codereviewbot-ai[bot]
body: The `__str__` method implementation in `AmazonAuthorProfile` assumes that `self.author.name` and `self.description` are always available. However, since `author` is a nullable field (`null=True` in line 76), this method could raise an AttributeError if `author` is `None`. It's recommended to add checks to ensure `author` is not `None` before accessing `name` or provide a default value or message when `author` is `None`.
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:08:25Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -267,26 +267,30 @@ class AmazonAuthorProfileCrudl(
         create_schema=Schema[AmazonAuthorProfile](
             fields={
                 "author": Infer,
+                "profile_url": Infer,
                 "description": Infer,
             }
         ),
         update_schema=Schema[AmazonAuthorProfile](
             fields={
                 "author": Infer,
+                "profile_url": Infer,
                 "description": Infer,
             }
         ),
         get_one_schema=Schema[AmazonAuthorProfile](
             fields={
                 "id": Infer,
                 "author": {"id": Infer, "name": Infer},
+                "profile_url": Infer,
                 "description": Infer,
             }
         ),
         list_schema=Schema[AmazonAuthorProfile](
             fields={
                 "id": Infer,
                 "author": {"id": Infer, "name": Infer},
+                "profile_url": Infer,
                 "description": Infer,
             }
         ),
path: tests/test_django/urls.py
user: login: codereviewbot-ai[bot]
body: The CRUDL configuration for `AmazonAuthorProfile` does not specify any permission classes. This could potentially allow unauthorized access to sensitive data or operations. It is recommended to define and apply appropriate permission classes to each CRUDL operation to ensure that only authorized users can perform actions on the `AmazonAuthorProfile` data.

For example, you could add a permission class that checks if the user is authenticated and authorized to view or modify the data:
```python
config = CrudlConfig[AmazonAuthorProfile](
    model=AmazonAuthorProfile,
    base_path="/amazon_author_profiles",
    permission_classes=[IsAuthenticated, HasProfileAccess],
    ...
)
```
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:08:25Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -310,7 +314,6 @@
             fields={
                 "name": Infer,
                 "address": Infer,
-                "publisher_type": Infer,
             }
         ),
         update_schema=Schema[Publisher](
path: tests/test_django/urls.py
user: login: codereviewbot-ai[bot]
body: The CRUDL configuration for `Publisher` does not include any explicit error handling or validation for the fields being created or updated. This could lead to issues if the input data does not meet the expected format or violates database constraints. To improve robustness and data integrity, consider adding validation checks either in the schema definition or by overriding the CRUDL methods to include custom validation logic.

For instance, you could validate the `name` and `address` fields to ensure they are not empty and meet specific criteria before saving to the database:
```python
if not name.strip():
    raise ValueError("Name cannot be empty")
if not address.strip():
    raise ValueError("Address cannot be empty")
```
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:08:26Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Generated by Django 5.1.4 on 2025-04-30 06:27
+# Generated by Django 5.2 on 2025-05-21 05:54
 
 import django.db.models.deletion
 from django.conf import settings
path: tests/test_django/app/migrations/0001_initial.py
user: login: codereviewbot-ai[bot]
body: ### Import Optimization

The imports from `django.db.models.deletion` and `django.conf` are used later in the file, which is good for modularity. However, it's generally a good practice to import only the necessary classes or functions rather than entire modules to avoid loading unnecessary code into the namespace and potentially reduce memory usage. For instance:

```python
from django.db.models.deletion import SET_NULL, CASCADE
from django.conf import settings
```

This change would make the code cleaner and potentially improve performance by reducing the scope of imported objects.
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:09:01Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -65,6 +65,7 @@
                     ),
                 ),
                 ("created_at", models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)),
+                ("profile_url", models.URLField(blank=True, null=True)),
                 ("description", models.TextField()),
                 (
                     "created_by",
path: tests/test_django/app/migrations/0001_initial.py
user: login: codereviewbot-ai[bot]
body: ### ForeignKey Relationship Naming

The `created_by` field in the `AmazonAuthorProfile` model uses a dynamic related name `%(class)s_created`. This approach can be beneficial for reverse lookups, especially in a polymorphic model scenario. However, it can also lead to confusion and errors if not properly documented or if the model structure changes. It's crucial to ensure that the dynamic naming is consistently used across the application and that there's sufficient documentation on how these related names are constructed and used.

Consider adding explicit documentation in the model or migration file about this naming convention to aid in maintainability and reduce the risk of errors during development.
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:09:02Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ def test_creating_relation_with_post_should_work(client: Client) -> None:
         content_type="application/json",
         data={
             "author": author.id,
path: tests/test_forward_one_to_one_relation_crudl_operations_are_supported.py
user: login: codereviewbot-ai[bot]
body: The `author` field in the POST request data is directly assigned the `author.id`. This approach assumes that the `author` object always exists and has a valid ID. However, if the `author` object is not properly created or saved, this could lead to an invalid or `None` ID being sent, which might cause the request to fail or behave unexpectedly.

**Recommendation:**
Ensure robust error handling by checking the existence and validity of the `author` object before accessing its ID. Consider adding a conditional check or exception handling around the `author` creation and usage to prevent sending invalid data in the request.
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:09:02Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -51,6 +52,7 @@
         content_type="application/json",
         data={
             "author": author_2.id,
path: tests/test_forward_one_to_one_relation_crudl_operations_are_supported.py
user: login: codereviewbot-ai[bot]
body: The PUT request allows changing the `author` field to a different author's ID. This operation could lead to potential security or integrity issues if not properly authorized or validated, as it allows for the reassignment of resources between different entities.

**Recommendation:**
Ensure that there are adequate authorization checks and validations in place to prevent unauthorized users from altering the `author` association. This might involve checking user permissions or validating that the new `author` ID belongs to the same user or an authorized set of users.
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:09:02Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, override
path: django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py
user: login: codereviewbot-ai[bot]
body: The import statement `from typing import Any, override` seems to include `override`, which is not a standard part of the Python `typing` module. This could lead to confusion or errors if `override` is not defined elsewhere in your project as a custom implementation.

**Recommendation:**
- Ensure that `override` is correctly defined and imported. If it's a custom decorator, consider renaming it to avoid confusion with standard library names, or document its functionality clearly.
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:09:28Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, override
+
+from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
+from ninja.renderers import JSONRenderer
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl
+from pydantic_core import Url
+
+__all__ = ["CrudlJSONEncoder", "CrudlJSONRenderer"]
+
+
+class CrudlJSONEncoder(DjangoJSONEncoder):
+    @override
+    def default(self, o: Any) -> Any:  # pyright: ignore [reportExplicitAny, reportAny]
+        if isinstance(o, BaseModel):
+            return o.model_dump()
+        if isinstance(o, Url):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, AnyUrl):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, (IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network)):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, Enum):
+            return str(o)
+        return super().default(o)  # pyright: ignore [reportAny]
path: django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py
user: login: codereviewbot-ai[bot]
body: The method `default` in `CrudlJSONEncoder` suppresses type checking warnings using `pyright: ignore`. While this may be necessary in some cases, it generally reduces the visibility of potential type mismatches and other issues, which could affect the robustness and maintainability of the code.

**Recommendation:**
- Review the necessity of suppressing these warnings. If they must be suppressed, provide detailed comments explaining why each suppression is necessary to help maintainers understand the context and ensure that the suppressions are justified.
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:09:28Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, override
+
+from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
+from ninja.renderers import JSONRenderer
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl
+from pydantic_core import Url
+
+__all__ = ["CrudlJSONEncoder", "CrudlJSONRenderer"]
+
+
+class CrudlJSONEncoder(DjangoJSONEncoder):
+    @override
+    def default(self, o: Any) -> Any:  # pyright: ignore [reportExplicitAny, reportAny]
+        if isinstance(o, BaseModel):
+            return o.model_dump()
+        if isinstance(o, (Url, AnyUrl)):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, (IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network)):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, Enum):
+            return str(o)
+        return super().default(o)  # pyright: ignore [reportAny]
path: django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py
user: login: codereviewbot-ai[bot]
body: ### Potential Unhandled Exceptions in Serialization

The `default` method in `CrudlJSONEncoder` assumes that certain methods and behaviors exist for the objects it tries to serialize. For instance, it assumes `o.model_dump()` exists and will not raise an exception for `BaseModel` instances. This could lead to runtime errors if `model_dump` is not defined or behaves unexpectedly.

**Recommendation:**
- Implement error handling for cases where methods like `model_dump` might not exist or fail. Use `hasattr` to check for the method's existence and try-except blocks to handle potential exceptions gracefully.
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:11:20Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, override
+
+from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
+from ninja.renderers import JSONRenderer
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl
+from pydantic_core import Url
+
+__all__ = ["CrudlJSONEncoder", "CrudlJSONRenderer"]
+
+
+class CrudlJSONEncoder(DjangoJSONEncoder):
+    @override
+    def default(self, o: Any) -> Any:  # pyright: ignore [reportExplicitAny, reportAny]
+        if isinstance(o, BaseModel):
+            return o.model_dump()
+        if isinstance(o, (Url, AnyUrl)):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, (IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network)):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, Enum):
+            return str(o)
+        return super().default(o)  # pyright: ignore [reportAny]
path: django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py
user: login: codereviewbot-ai[bot]
body: ### Performance Consideration with Sequential Type Checks

The sequential `isinstance` checks in the `default` method could lead to performance issues, especially when serializing large numbers of objects where most objects do not match until later checks. This method is called for each object that needs serialization, which can be quite frequent in an API context.

**Recommendation:**
- Consider refactoring the type checks into a more efficient approach, such as using a dictionary to map types to their respective serialization functions. This could reduce the overhead of multiple `isinstance` calls and improve the performance of the serialization process.
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:11:20Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, override
path: django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py
user: login: sourcery-ai[bot]
body: **suggestion:** Use typing_extensions.override for broader Python support

Import override from typing_extensions to support Python versions before 3.12.

```suggestion
from typing import Any
from typing_extensions import override
```
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:12:06Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ def test_creating_relation_with_post_should_work(client: Client) -> None:
         content_type="application/json",
         data={
             "author": author.id,
+            "profile_url": "https://www.amazon-profile.com/some-author",
path: tests/test_forward_one_to_one_relation_crudl_operations_are_supported.py
user: login: sourcery-ai[bot]
body: **suggestion (testing):** Consider testing creation/update with null or empty `profile_url`.

Use pytest.mark.parametrize in test_creating_relation_with_post_should_work and test_updating_relation_with_put_should_work to cover null, empty, and omitted profile_url cases to verify the API handles these optional states correctly.
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:12:07Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -134,15 +136,17 @@
         name="Some author",
         birth_date="1990-01-01",
     )
-    amz_author_profile = models.AmazonAuthorProfile.objects.create(
+    _ = models.AmazonAuthorProfile.objects.create(
         author=author,
+        profile_url="https://www.amazon-profile.com/some-author",
         description="Some description",
     )
     response = client.get("/api/amazon_author_profiles")
     assert response.status_code == status.HTTP_200_OK, response.json()
     assert len(response.json()) == 1
     assert response.json()[0]["author"]["id"] == author.id
     assert response.json()[0]["author"]["name"] == "Some author"
+    assert response.json()[0]["profile_url"] == "https://www.amazon-profile.com/some-author"
     assert response.json()[0]["description"] == "Some description"
path: tests/test_forward_one_to_one_relation_crudl_operations_are_supported.py
user: login: sourcery-ai[bot]
body: **suggestion (testing):** Clarify and test representation of null `profile_url` in GET responses.

Add a scenario to `test_getting_relation_with_get_many_should_work` (or `test_getting_relation_with_get_one_should_work`) that creates an `AmazonAuthorProfile` with `profile_url=None` and asserts the JSON response shows `profile_url` as `null` (or omits it) to verify consistent null handling.

```suggestion
    assert response.json()[0]["description"] == "Some description"

    # Scenario: profile_url null should be represented as null in JSON output
    amz_author_profile_null = models.AmazonAuthorProfile.objects.create(
        author=author,
        profile_url=None,
        description="Another description",
    )
    response = client.get("/api/amazon_author_profiles")
    results = response.json()
    # find the record with null profile_url
    null_item = next(item for item in results if item["description"] == "Another description")
    assert "profile_url" in null_item
    assert null_item["profile_url"] is None
```
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:12:07Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, override
+
+from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
+from ninja.renderers import JSONRenderer
+from ninja.responses import NinjaJSONEncoder
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl
+from pydantic_core import Url
+
+__all__ = ["CrudlJSONRenderer", "NinjaJSONEncoder"]
+
+
+class CrudlJSONEncoder(DjangoJSONEncoder):
+    @override
+    def default(self, o: Any) -> Any:  # pyright: ignore [reportExplicitAny, reportAny]
+        if isinstance(o, BaseModel):
+            return o.model_dump()
+        if isinstance(o, Url):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, AnyUrl):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, (IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network)):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, Enum):
+            return str(o)
+        return super().default(o)  # pyright: ignore [reportAny]
path: django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py
user: login: sourcery-ai[bot]
body: **suggestion (code-quality):** We've found these issues:

- Lift code into else after jump in control flow ([`reintroduce-else`](https://docs.sourcery.ai/Reference/Default-Rules/refactorings/reintroduce-else/))
- Replace if statement with if expression ([`assign-if-exp`](https://docs.sourcery.ai/Reference/Default-Rules/refactorings/assign-if-exp/))

```suggestion
        return str(o) if isinstance(o, Enum) else super().default(o)
```
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:12:07Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, override
+
+from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
+from ninja.renderers import JSONRenderer
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl
+from pydantic_core import Url
+
+__all__ = ["CrudlJSONEncoder", "CrudlJSONRenderer"]
+
+
+class CrudlJSONEncoder(DjangoJSONEncoder):
+    @override
+    def default(self, o: Any) -> Any:  # pyright: ignore [reportExplicitAny, reportAny]
+        if isinstance(o, BaseModel):
+            return o.model_dump()
+        if isinstance(o, Url):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, AnyUrl):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, (IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network)):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, Enum):
+            return str(o)
+        return super().default(o)  # pyright: ignore [reportAny]
path: django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: _🧹 Nitpick (assertive)_

**Remove unnecessary type ignore comment.**

The type ignore directive isn't needed for the super call.

```diff
-        return super().default(o)  # pyright: ignore [reportAny]
+        return super().default(o)
```


<!-- suggestion_start -->

<details>
<summary>📝 Committable suggestion</summary>

> ‼️ **IMPORTANT**
> Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.

```suggestion
        return super().default(o)
```

</details>

<!-- suggestion_end -->

<details>
<summary>🧰 Tools</summary>

<details>
<summary>🪛 GitHub Check: Trunk Check</summary>

[notice] 28-28: pyright(reportUnnecessaryTypeIgnoreComment)
[new] Unnecessary "# pyright: ignore" rule: "reportAny"

</details>

</details>

<details>
<summary>🤖 Prompt for AI Agents</summary>

```
In django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py at line 28, remove the unnecessary type
ignore comment from the super().default(o) call, as it is not needed for this
line.
```

</details>

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit -->
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:12:46Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, override
+
+from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
+from ninja.renderers import JSONRenderer
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl
+from pydantic_core import Url
+
+__all__ = ["CrudlJSONEncoder", "CrudlJSONRenderer"]
path: django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: _🧹 Nitpick (assertive)_

**Add module docstring to explain the purpose of this module.**

Missing a module-level docstring that describes what this module does, its purpose, and how it fits into the broader framework of django-ninja-crudl.

```diff
 import json
 from enum import Enum
 from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
 from typing import Any, override
 
+"""
+Custom JSON rendering and encoding for django-ninja-crudl.
+
+This module provides enhanced JSON serialization capabilities for Pydantic models, 
+URL types, IP network types, and Enum values used within django-ninja-crudl APIs.
+"""
+
 from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
 from ninja.renderers import JSONRenderer
 from pydantic import BaseModel
```


<!-- suggestion_start -->

<details>
<summary>📝 Committable suggestion</summary>

> ‼️ **IMPORTANT**
> Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.

```suggestion
import json
from enum import Enum
from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
from typing import Any, override

"""
Custom JSON rendering and encoding for django-ninja-crudl.

This module provides enhanced JSON serialization capabilities for Pydantic models,
URL types, IP network types, and Enum values used within django-ninja-crudl APIs.
"""

from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
from ninja.renderers import JSONRenderer
from pydantic import BaseModel
from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl
from pydantic_core import Url

__all__ = ["CrudlJSONEncoder", "CrudlJSONRenderer"]
```

</details>

<!-- suggestion_end -->

<details>
<summary>🧰 Tools</summary>

<details>
<summary>🪛 Ruff (0.11.9)</summary>

1-1: Missing docstring in public module

(D100)

</details>
<details>
<summary>🪛 GitHub Check: Trunk Check</summary>

[notice] 1-1: pylint(C0114)
[new] Missing module docstring

---

[failure] 1-1: ruff(D100)
[new] Missing docstring in public module

</details>

</details>

<details>
<summary>🤖 Prompt for AI Agents</summary>

```
In django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py at the beginning of the file (lines 1 to 12),
add a module-level docstring that clearly explains the purpose of this module,
what functionality it provides, and how it integrates with the
django-ninja-crudl framework. This docstring should give readers and maintainers
a quick understanding of the module's role.
```

</details>

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit -->
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:12:46Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, override
+
+from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
+from ninja.renderers import JSONRenderer
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl
+from pydantic_core import Url
+
+__all__ = ["CrudlJSONEncoder", "CrudlJSONRenderer"]
+
+
+class CrudlJSONEncoder(DjangoJSONEncoder):
path: django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: _🧹 Nitpick (assertive)_

**Add docstring for `CrudlJSONEncoder`.**
This public class lacks a docstring. Please add a brief description of its role in serializing Pydantic models, network types, and enums.

<details>
<summary>🧰 Tools</summary>

<details>
<summary>🪛 Ruff (0.11.9)</summary>

15-15: Missing docstring in public class

(D101)

</details>
<details>
<summary>🪛 GitHub Check: Trunk Check</summary>

[notice] 15-15: pylint(C0115)
[new] Missing class docstring

---

[failure] 15-15: ruff(D101)
[new] Missing docstring in public class

</details>

</details>

<details>
<summary>🤖 Prompt for AI Agents</summary>

```
In django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py at line 15, the public class CrudlJSONEncoder
lacks a docstring. Add a concise docstring below the class definition that
describes its purpose, specifically mentioning that it extends DjangoJSONEncoder
to serialize Pydantic models, network types, and enums.
```

</details>

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit -->
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:15:33Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, override
+
+from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
+from ninja.renderers import JSONRenderer
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl
+from pydantic_core import Url
+
+__all__ = ["CrudlJSONEncoder", "CrudlJSONRenderer"]
+
+
+class CrudlJSONEncoder(DjangoJSONEncoder):
+    @override
+    def default(self, o: Any) -> Any:  # pyright: ignore [reportExplicitAny, reportAny]
+        if isinstance(o, BaseModel):
+            return o.model_dump()
+        if isinstance(o, (Url, AnyUrl)):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, (IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network)):
+            return str(o)
+        if isinstance(o, Enum):
+            return str(o)
+        return super().default(o)  # pyright: ignore [reportAny]
+
+
+class CrudlJSONRenderer(JSONRenderer):
path: django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: _🧹 Nitpick (assertive)_

**Add docstring for `CrudlJSONRenderer`.**
The `CrudlJSONRenderer` class is missing a docstring clarifying its purpose as the default renderer with `CrudlJSONEncoder`. Please add a class-level docstring.

<details>
<summary>🧰 Tools</summary>

<details>
<summary>🪛 Ruff (0.11.9)</summary>

29-29: Missing docstring in public class

(D101)

</details>
<details>
<summary>🪛 GitHub Check: Trunk Check</summary>

[notice] 29-29: pylint(C0115)
[new] Missing class docstring

---

[notice] 29-29: pylint(R0903)
[new] Too few public methods (1/2)

---

[failure] 29-29: ruff(D101)
[new] Missing docstring in public class

</details>

</details>

<details>
<summary>🤖 Prompt for AI Agents</summary>

```
In django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py at line 29, the CrudlJSONRenderer class lacks
a docstring. Add a class-level docstring that clearly states this class is the
default JSON renderer using CrudlJSONEncoder to clarify its purpose.
```

</details>

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit -->

✅ Addressed in commit 6dc42a8
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:15:33Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, override
path: django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: _🧹 Nitpick (assertive)_

**Add module-level docstring.**
The module currently lacks a top-level docstring explaining its purpose and usage. Please add a concise module docstring describing the custom JSON rendering functionality.

<details>
<summary>🧰 Tools</summary>

<details>
<summary>🪛 Ruff (0.11.9)</summary>

1-1: Missing docstring in public module

(D100)

</details>
<details>
<summary>🪛 GitHub Check: Trunk Check</summary>

[notice] 1-1: pylint(C0114)
[new] Missing module docstring

---

[failure] 1-1: ruff(D100)
[new] Missing docstring in public module

</details>

</details>

<details>
<summary>🤖 Prompt for AI Agents</summary>

```
In django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py at the top of the file (lines 1 to 4), add a
concise module-level docstring that briefly explains the purpose of this module,
specifically that it provides custom JSON rendering functionality for the
application. Place the docstring immediately after the import statements or at
the very beginning of the file if no other comments exist.
```

</details>

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit -->

✅ Addressed in commit 6dc42a8
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:15:33Z
author_association: NONE
diff_hunk: @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+"""Django Ninja CRUDL JSON Renderer."""
+
+import json
+from enum import Enum
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv4Network, IPv6Address, IPv6Network
+from typing import Any, override
+
+from django.core.serializers.json import DjangoJSONEncoder
+from ninja.renderers import JSONRenderer
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl
+from pydantic_core import Url
+
+__all__ = ["CrudlJSONEncoder", "CrudlJSONRenderer"]
+
+
+class CrudlJSONEncoder(DjangoJSONEncoder):
+    """Custom JSON encoder for Django Ninja CRUDL."""
+
+    @override
+    def default(self, o: Any) -> Any:  # pyright: ignore [reportExplicitAny, reportAny]
path: django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py
user: login: coderabbitai[bot]
body: _🧹 Nitpick (assertive)_

**Remove unnecessary `pyright: ignore` comments**  
The type ignore directives on lines 21 and 30 are reported as redundant by Pyright. Cleaning them up will restore useful type checking and tidy the code.  

```diff
-def default(self, o: Any) -> Any:  # pyright: ignore [reportExplicitAny, reportAny]
+def default(self, o: Any) -> Any:
...
-        return super().default(o)  # pyright: ignore [reportAny]
+        return super().default(o)
```


Also applies to: 30-30

<details>
<summary>🧰 Tools</summary>

<details>
<summary>🪛 GitHub Check: Trunk Check</summary>

[notice] 21-21: pyright(reportUnnecessaryTypeIgnoreComment)
[new] Unnecessary "# pyright: ignore" rule: "reportExplicitAny"

---

[notice] 21-21: pyright(reportUnnecessaryTypeIgnoreComment)
[new] Unnecessary "# pyright: ignore" rule: "reportAny"

</details>

</details>

<details>
<summary>🤖 Prompt for AI Agents</summary>

```
In django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py at lines 21 and 30, remove the unnecessary `#
pyright: ignore` comments from the method definitions. These directives are
redundant and removing them will restore proper type checking and clean up the
code.
```

</details>

<!-- This is an auto-generated comment by CodeRabbit -->
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:19:55Z
author_association: NONE

PR comments:
user: login: trunk-io[bot]
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:05:57Z
body: <!-- Trunk Merge -->
Merging to `main` in this repository is managed by Trunk.

<!-- Start PR Submit Checkbox -->
- [ ] <!-- End PR Submit Checkbox -->To merge this pull request, check the box to the left or comment `/trunk merge` below.
author_association: NONE
user: login: sourcery-ai[bot]
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:05:59Z
body: <!-- Generated by sourcery-ai[bot]: start review_guide -->

## Reviewer's Guide

Introduces a custom JSON renderer (CrudlJSONRenderer) with encoder support for pydantic AnyUrl/Url, configures it as the default renderer, adds a new profile_url field to AmazonAuthorProfile (with model, migration, schema, and test adjustments), and removes the obsolete publisher_type enum and field across models, migrations, schemas, and tests.

### File-Level Changes

| Change | Details | Files |
| ------ | ------- | ----- |
| Introduce CrudlJSONRenderer with custom JSON encoder handling pydantic AnyUrl and Url | <ul><li>Add CrudlJSONEncoder to serialize BaseModel, AnyUrl, Url, IP addresses, and Enum types</li><li>Implement CrudlJSONRenderer using the custom encoder</li><li>Import and default to CrudlJSONRenderer in API initialization</li></ul> | `django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py`<br/>`django_ninja_crudl/api.py` |
| Add profile_url field to AmazonAuthorProfile and expose it in migrations, schemas, and tests | <ul><li>Define profile_url as URLField on AmazonAuthorProfile model</li><li>Add profile_url column to the initial migration</li><li>Include profile_url in create/update and response schemas</li><li>Update CRUDL operation tests to send and assert profile_url</li></ul> | `tests/test_django/app/models.py`<br/>`tests/test_django/app/migrations/0001_initial.py`<br/>`tests/test_forward_one_to_one_relation_crudl_operations_are_supported.py`<br/>`tests/test_django/urls.py` |
| Remove deprecated publisher_type enum and field from models, migrations, schemas, and tests | <ul><li>Delete PublisherType enum and publisher_type field from model</li><li>Remove publisher_type column from migration</li><li>Omit publisher_type from CRUDL schemas</li><li>Remove publisher_type parameter from CRUDL tests</li></ul> | `tests/test_django/app/models.py`<br/>`tests/test_django/app/migrations/0001_initial.py`<br/>`tests/test_basic_crudl_operations_are_supported.py`<br/>`tests/test_django/urls.py` |

### Assessment against linked issues

| Issue | Objective | Addressed | Explanation |
| ------ | ------- | ----- | ----- |
| #69 | Enable serialization of `pydantic.networks.AnyUrl` objects when using django-ninja-crudl. | ✅ |  |

### Possibly linked issues

- **#69**: The PR adds a JSON renderer to support serializing pydantic.networks.AnyUrl, addressing the issue.

---

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author_association: NONE
user: login: evolua-app[bot]
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:05:59Z
body: ### Welcome @phuongfi91! 🎉

Great PR! I've analyzed your code changes for:
- 🔒 Security vulnerabilities
- ✨ Code quality improvements
- 🎯 Best practices alignment

**Ready to see the full review?** 
Head over to https://evolua.io to:
- Create your free account
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created_at: 2025-05-21T06:06:01Z
body: <!-- This is an auto-generated comment: summarize by coderabbit.ai -->
<!-- walkthrough_start -->

"""
## Walkthrough

The changes introduce a custom JSON renderer and encoder to handle serialization of additional Python types, such as Pydantic models and network-related types, within Django Ninja CRUDL APIs. The API now defaults to this renderer. Model and migration updates add a `profile_url` field to `AmazonAuthorProfile` and remove the `publisher_type` field from `Publisher`. Tests and schemas are updated accordingly.

## Changes

| File(s)                                                                                      | Change Summary                                                                                                                      |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `django_ninja_crudl/renderers.py`                                                            | Added `CrudlJSONEncoder` for custom serialization (Pydantic models, URLs, IPs, Enums) and `CrudlJSONRenderer` using this encoder.   |
| `django_ninja_crudl/api.py`                                                                  | Updated `NinjaCrudlAPI` to use `CrudlJSONRenderer` as the default renderer if none is provided.                                     |
| `tests/test_django/app/models.py`, `tests/test_django/app/migrations/0001_initial.py`        | Added `profile_url` to `AmazonAuthorProfile`; removed `publisher_type` and related enum from `Publisher`.                          |
| `tests/test_django/urls.py`                                                                  | Added `profile_url` to all AmazonAuthorProfile CRUDL schemas; removed `publisher_type` from Publisher create schema.               |
| `tests/test_forward_one_to_one_relation_crudl_operations_are_supported.py`                   | Updated tests to include and assert on `profile_url` in AmazonAuthorProfile CRUDL operations.                                      |
| `tests/test_basic_crudl_operations_are_supported.py`                                         | Removed `publisher_type` from POST data in publisher creation test.                                                                |

## Sequence Diagram(s)

```mermaid
sequenceDiagram
    participant Client
    participant NinjaCrudlAPI
    participant CrudlJSONRenderer
    participant CrudlJSONEncoder

    Client->>NinjaCrudlAPI: Makes API request
    NinjaCrudlAPI->>CrudlJSONRenderer: Renders response data
    CrudlJSONRenderer->>CrudlJSONEncoder: Serializes data (handles Pydantic, AnyUrl, IPs, Enums)
    CrudlJSONEncoder-->>CrudlJSONRenderer: Returns JSON string
    CrudlJSONRenderer-->>NinjaCrudlAPI: Returns rendered response
    NinjaCrudlAPI-->>Client: Sends JSON response
```

## Assessment against linked issues

| Objective                                                                   | Addressed | Explanation                                                                                       |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| Support serializing pydantic.networks.AnyUrl (#69)                           | ✅        |                                                                                                 |
"""

<!-- walkthrough_end -->
<!-- internal state start -->


<!-- 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= 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author_association: NONE
user: login: snyk-io[bot]
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:06:10Z
body: ![](https://res.cloudinary.com/snyk/image/upload/r-d/scm-platform/snyk-pull-requests/pr-banner-default.svg)

### :tada: **Snyk checks have passed. No issues have been found so far.**

:white_check_mark: **code/snyk** check is complete. No issues have been found. [(View Details)](https://app.snyk.io/org/nextgencontributions/project/fc34dc4b-0c8d-41b7-b6c1-6b120cb0fbc4/pr-check/f773d866-2925-4ea4-b284-8d821382c582?refs=d35e67c4b9752c369e5b228f84fae4b7a6e91f2c&source=prChecksComment)



author_association: NONE
user: login: deepsource-io[bot]
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:06:38Z
body: <div><p>Here's the code health analysis summary for commits <code>4f2326f..d35e67c</code>. <a href="https://app.deepsource.com/gh/NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl/run/c3acbec7-fdc8-4f6c-8c71-ffca7e0e60e2/">View details on DeepSource</a>&nbsp;↗.</p><h3>Analysis Summary</h3><table><thead><tr><th>Analyzer</th><th>Status</th><th>Summary</th><th>Link</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><img src="https://static.deepsource.com/analyzer_logos/python.svg" alt="DeepSource Python Logo" width="16px" height="16px"/><strong>Python</strong></td><td><span>❌&nbsp;</span><span>Failure</span></td><td><div>❗ 1 occurence introduced</div><div>🎯 1 occurence resolved</div></td><td><a href="https://app.deepsource.com/gh/NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl/run/c3acbec7-fdc8-4f6c-8c71-ffca7e0e60e2/python/">View Check</a>&nbsp;↗</td></tr></tbody></table><hr/><blockquote><div>💡 If you’re a repository administrator, you can configure the quality gates from the <a href="https://app.deepsource.com/gh/NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl/settings/reporting">settings</a>.</div></blockquote></div>

author_association: CONTRIBUTOR
user: login: codecov[bot]
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:11:31Z
body: ## [Codecov](https://app.codecov.io/gh/NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl/pull/70?dropdown=coverage&src=pr&el=h1&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=NextGenContributions) Report
All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:
> Project coverage is 93.58%. Comparing base [(`4f2326f`)](https://app.codecov.io/gh/NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl/commit/4f2326fba7fb2625a3439c1ed764f11efd4cc170?dropdown=coverage&el=desc&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=NextGenContributions) to head [(`d35e67c`)](https://app.codecov.io/gh/NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl/commit/d35e67c4b9752c369e5b228f84fae4b7a6e91f2c?dropdown=coverage&el=desc&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=NextGenContributions).
> Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

:white_check_mark: All tests successful. No failed tests found.

```diff
@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main      #70      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   93.60%   93.58%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files          29       29              
  Lines        1282     1279       -3     
  Branches       19       19              
==========================================
- Hits         1200     1197       -3     
  Misses         82       82              
```

| [Files with missing lines](https://app.codecov.io/gh/NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl/pull/70?dropdown=coverage&src=pr&el=tree&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=NextGenContributions) | Coverage Δ | |
|---|---|---|
| [tests/test\_basic\_crudl\_operations\_are\_supported.py](https://app.codecov.io/gh/NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl/pull/70?src=pr&el=tree&filepath=tests%2Ftest_basic_crudl_operations_are_supported.py&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=NextGenContributions#diff-dGVzdHMvdGVzdF9iYXNpY19jcnVkbF9vcGVyYXRpb25zX2FyZV9zdXBwb3J0ZWQucHk=) | `100.00% <ø> (ø)` | |
| [tests/test\_django/app/migrations/0001\_initial.py](https://app.codecov.io/gh/NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl/pull/70?src=pr&el=tree&filepath=tests%2Ftest_django%2Fapp%2Fmigrations%2F0001_initial.py&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=NextGenContributions#diff-dGVzdHMvdGVzdF9kamFuZ28vYXBwL21pZ3JhdGlvbnMvMDAwMV9pbml0aWFsLnB5) | `100.00% <ø> (ø)` | |
| [tests/test\_django/app/models.py](https://app.codecov.io/gh/NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl/pull/70?src=pr&el=tree&filepath=tests%2Ftest_django%2Fapp%2Fmodels.py&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=NextGenContributions#diff-dGVzdHMvdGVzdF9kamFuZ28vYXBwL21vZGVscy5weQ==) | `95.65% <100.00%> (-0.30%)` | :arrow_down: |
| [tests/test\_django/urls.py](https://app.codecov.io/gh/NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl/pull/70?src=pr&el=tree&filepath=tests%2Ftest_django%2Furls.py&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=NextGenContributions#diff-dGVzdHMvdGVzdF9kamFuZ28vdXJscy5weQ==) | `90.00% <ø> (ø)` | |
| [...\_to\_one\_relation\_crudl\_operations\_are\_supported.py](https://app.codecov.io/gh/NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl/pull/70?src=pr&el=tree&filepath=tests%2Ftest_forward_one_to_one_relation_crudl_operations_are_supported.py&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=NextGenContributions#diff-dGVzdHMvdGVzdF9mb3J3YXJkX29uZV90b19vbmVfcmVsYXRpb25fY3J1ZGxfb3BlcmF0aW9uc19hcmVfc3VwcG9ydGVkLnB5) | `100.00% <100.00%> (ø)` | |

author_association: NONE
user: login: sonarqubecloud[bot]
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:22:48Z
body: ## [![Quality Gate Failed](https://sonarsource.github.io/sonarcloud-github-static-resources/v2/checks/QualityGateBadge/qg-failed-20px.png 'Quality Gate Failed')](https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=NextGenContributions_django-ninja-crudl&pullRequest=70) **Quality Gate failed**  
Failed conditions  
![](https://sonarsource.github.io/sonarcloud-github-static-resources/v2/common/failed-16px.png '') [14.8% Coverage on New Code](https://sonarcloud.io/component_measures?id=NextGenContributions_django-ninja-crudl&pullRequest=70&metric=new_coverage&view=list) (required ≥ 80%)  
  
[See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud](https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=NextGenContributions_django-ninja-crudl&pullRequest=70)


author_association: NONE
user: login: trunk-io[bot]
created_at: 2025-05-21T06:47:44Z
body: <!-- Trunk Test Analytics -->


[![Static Badge](https://raster.shields.io/badge/148_tests-772ab415-purple)](https://app.trunk.io/nextgencontributions/flaky-tests/pr/70?repo=NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl&commitHash=772ab415168f4b827de30fa77f3eafb8ce8bc6f3&utm_source=gh-comment) &ensp; [![Static Badge](https://raster.shields.io/badge/0-failed-crimson)](https://app.trunk.io/nextgencontributions/flaky-tests/pr/70?repo=NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl&commitHash=772ab415168f4b827de30fa77f3eafb8ce8bc6f3&utm_source=gh-comment&runConclusion=FAILURE) &ensp; [![Static Badge](https://raster.shields.io/badge/0-flaky-red)](https://app.trunk.io/nextgencontributions/flaky-tests/pr/70?repo=NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl&commitHash=772ab415168f4b827de30fa77f3eafb8ce8bc6f3&utm_source=gh-comment&runConclusion=FAILURE) &ensp; [![Static Badge](https://raster.shields.io/badge/0-quarantined-yellow)](https://app.trunk.io/nextgencontributions/flaky-tests/pr/70?repo=NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl&commitHash=772ab415168f4b827de30fa77f3eafb8ce8bc6f3&utm_source=gh-comment&runConclusion=QUARANTINED)


<sub>

[View Full Report ↗︎](https://app.trunk.io/nextgencontributions/flaky-tests/pr/70?repo=NextGenContributions/django-ninja-crudl&commitHash=772ab415168f4b827de30fa77f3eafb8ce8bc6f3&utm_source=gh-comment) ⋅ [Docs](https://docs.trunk.io/flaky-tests?utm_source=gh-comment)

</sub>
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